{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3438", "width": "2075", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3391", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": ".o-\\nA\\n*0\\nA\\n.0 o\\no\\nA\\nk\\n,CV\\n0\\nf^\\nA v\\ni*\\nA\\n,0\\nv *v VJ3BK** x v -.VW\\ntf", "height": "3391", "width": "2070", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3381", "width": "1909", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3365", "width": "1892", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3381", "width": "1909", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS\\nCONTAINING TUE MOST INTERESTING\\nFACTS, TRADITIONS, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, ANECDOTES, E r\\nRELATING TO ITS HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES, FROM ITS FIRST\\nSETTLEMENT TO THE PRESENT TIME.\\nCOMPILED FKOM ORIGINAL RECORDS AND OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS.\\nILLUSTRATED BY NEARLY\\nONE HUNDRED ENGRAVINGS\\nOF\\nPUBLIC BUILDINGS, RELICS OF ANTIQUITY, HISTORIC LOCALITIES, NATURAL SCENERY\\nPORTRAITS OF DISTINGUISHED MEN, ETC., ETH\\nhfaz 25-\\nTHIRD EDITION.\\n5J7\\nBY THE REV. GEORGE WHITE, M.A.\\nAUTHOR Or THE STATISTICS OF GEORGIA, HONORARY MEMBER OF THE WISCONSIN HISTORICAL SOCIETY\\nCORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE NEW YORK LYCEUM, CORRESPONDING .MEMBER OF\\nTHE BROOKLYN INSTITUTE, BTC, ETC.\\nNEW YORK:\\nPUDNEY RUSSELL, PUBLISHERS,\\nNo. 79 JOHN-STREET.\\n1855. f^", "height": "3365", "width": "1918", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "Entered according to Act of Congress, In the year 1S53,\\nBt TUDNEY ETJSSELL,\\nIn the Clerk s Office of the District Court for the Southorn District of New York.\\nPpdkey Russell, Printers and Stereotypers,\\nNo. 79 John-street, New York.", "height": "3381", "width": "1909", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "TO\\nJAMES HAMILTON CO U PER, ESQ.,\\nHON. GEORGE R. GILMER,\\nAND THE\\nHO X. JOSEPH II. LUMPKIN,\\nWITH\\nSINCERE ADMIRATION FOR THEIR VIRTUES AND TALENTS\\n\u00e2\u0082\u00ac\\\\u Sink\\nIS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED BY\\nTHE AUTHOR.", "height": "3365", "width": "1892", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3381", "width": "1909", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "INDEX,\\nPAGE\\nAi t/r. Mr. John 631\\nAbi /corn 427\\nAb rigines, relics of 279\\nAccount of the progress of the Colony 319\\nAcworth 401\\nAdairsville 298\\nAdams, Gen. David 500\\nAddress of Upper House of Assembly to Sir\\nJames Wright 52\\nAddress of Commons to Sir James Wright 54\\nAddress of Provincial Congress to Sir James\\nWright 75\\nAddress of Medway Church to George Washing-\\nton 529\\nAddress of citizens of Augusta to General Wash-\\nington 623\\nAddress of Committee of Provincial Congress. .SI, 82\\nAdventure with a panther 541\\nAdvertisement of the Governor of South Caro-\\nlina in regard to General Oglethorpe 321\\nAlbany 260\\nAUapaha, Battle near 498\\nAlatoona 404\\nAllen, Eev. Moses 532\\nAllen, Rev. Beverly 44S\\nAlexander 2S2\\nAmericus 641\\nAmericus Female Institute 641\\nAmerican Iron Foundry 599\\nAmusing incident 403\\nAnawaqua s Tomb 293\\nAncient works in Cass County 299\\nAncient works in Coweta County 413\\nAncient works in Fatly County 425\\nAndrew, James O., Bishop 575\\nAndrew, Herbert 578\\nAppling County 259\\nAppling 4.14\\nAppling, Colonel Daniel 409\\nApproval of Colonial Seal 1S2\\nArnold, Be v. AV 5S9\\nArrival of Colonists at Charle 4own 319\\nAssociation of Deputies 5S\\nAtlanta 421\\nAtlanta Tanning Company 422\\nAtlanta Machine Shop 422\\nAttapulgus 419\\nAthens 391\\nAthens Manufacturing Company 392\\nAugusta 593\\nAugusta, unsuccessful attempt to retake 6n7\\nAugusta Manufacturing Company 593\\nAugusta, Siege and Surrender of 609\\nAuraria 542\\nBaden, N. H 494\\nBainbridge 419\\nBacon, Mr. M. E 651\\nBaker County 259\\nBaker, Benjamin 533\\nBaker. Colonel John 5.33\\nBaker, Colonel William 53.3\\nBaldwin County 265\\nPAGE\\nBall-ground 390\\nBall-play, Indian 670\\nBaptist Female College of Southwe Georgia. 590\\nBaptist Church, Second, Savanna! 316\\nBaptists, colored, Savannah 313\\nBarber, Colonel 898\\nBarnard, Timpoochee 163\\nBarnard, Major John 306\\nBarnes ville 5S3\\nBateman. Colonel Simon 497\\nBattle at Jack s Creek 672\\nat Chickasawhaeb.ee 262\\nat Briar Creek 633\\nat Burke Jail 232\\nat Echowanotchaway 591\\nat Kettle Creek 6S3\\nat Medway 524\\nnear Rome 456\\nat Shepard s Plantation 639\\nwith the Indians 643\\n507\\nBath.\\nBeaulieu\\nBelair\\nBelleville Factor}-\\nBergman, Rev. John E\\nBerrien, Major John\\nBerrien, Hon. John M\\nBess, a Negro, interesting account of\\nBibb County\\nBlackburn, General Samuel\\nBlackshear, General David\\nBlairsville\\nBlakelv\\nS-\\\\6\\n597\\n5 9\\n50-S\\n371\\n27S\\n269\\nBolzius, Rev. John Martin\\nBolzius, extracts from Journal of.\\nBonaventure\\nBonner, Henry\\nBosomworth, Rev. Thomas\\nBosom worth, Mrs. Mary.\\nBothwell, Eev. David E\\nBoykin, Dr. Samuel\\nBowles, General William Augustus\\nBragg, Rev. Seneca G\\nBranham, Dr. II\\nBrantley, Amos\\nBrewtoh s Hill\\nBridge at Augusta\\nBroken Arrow\\nBroomtown\\nBrotherville\\nBrowne, Colonel Thomas\\nBrowne, bravery of .Mrs\\nBrown. Tarlton\\nBrownson. Governor N\\nBrunswick\\nBryan County\\nBryan, Hon. Jonathan\\nBuena Vista\\nBuffalo Fish Town\\nBulloch County\\nBulloch, Governor Archibald\\nBurke County\\nBurke Jail, skirmish at\\nBurnett, Captain John\\n428\\n4:3\\n675\\n31\\n26\\n503\\n267\\n103\\n273\\n5S9\\n491\\n336\\n594\\n671\\n387\\n597\\n614\\n678\\n613\\n213\\n461\\n276\\n366\\n545\\n404\\n279\\n200\\n2S2-\\n2S2\\n468", "height": "3365", "width": "1892", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\nPAGE\\nort 286\\nfillage: A Tale of the Indian War 658\\nirof Roanoke 688\\n11. l r 406\\ntown of 646\\ni ounty 285\\nCalhoun 475\\nCamd 3 County 286\\nCarnal; 675\\nCampbell County 292\\nCauipbellton 292\\nCampbell, l Q 685\\nCampbell. Mrs. Maria 680\\nCanal at Augusta 504\\nCanton 890\\nCapi ure of American Prisoners 526\\narm [lie -I.\\nCarroll County 294\\nCarrollton 294\\nCarr, Patrick 504\\n!ai r, Paddy 169\\nCarey, George 666\\nCartor, Major 608\\nCartersville 298\\nass County 297\\ni assville 293\\nCave Spring 4. 7,\\nCava, Nix s 458\\nCave, Baltpetre 800\\nCave, Wilson s 669\\nCedar Town 586\\nCemetery at Mod way 519\\nCentreville 2S6, 671\\nCessna, murder of Miss 480\\nCharter of tile Colony 1\\nChatham County 302\\nChatooga County 886\\nCharlton, Hon. T. C. P 86T\\nChela, destruction of Indian town of 512\\nChestnut Town 670\\nChopped Oak, tradition of 4S9\\nt 1 ri i hur h Mi. -on .1\\nsi Church, Savannah 817\\nChurch of the Atonement 595\\nHall of Augusta 598\\nClarke County 891\\nGovernor John 229\\nClarke, Mrs. Hannah 682\\nClarke, General FKjah 685\\nClarkesvilte 4S6\\nClayton v\\nClinch County 399\\nClinton 505\\nCobb Coimty 41m\\nCobb, T. W. 412\\nCobb, Colonel Howell 49s\\nI Govt rnor Howell 252\\nCobb, Captain Thomas 405\\nge, Ft male, in Macon 26!)\\nMedical, at Augusta 594\\nico-Mcdical\\n1 ege, Emory 574\\n642\\nI mine -j^f;\\nColumbia County .1. 4\\nVolumbus 5(jg\\nColumbus Female Asylum\\nColumbus Factory.\\ntitt 565\\nI 26]\\nk, Hon. Z 8 S\\nCorinth 1, 1 1\\nCorrespondence between Colonels Browne, Lee,\\nand Pickens fill\\nCotting, Dr\\nCouncil of SatVty appointed SC\\nCouper, John\\no\\\\ illL tOll 74\\nOoweta County 4\\nCoweta Fails Factory 570\\nCrawford County 4^0\\nCrawfordville 643\\nirawford, Major Joel 405\\nCrawford, Governor. George W 245\\nCrawford, Hon. William 11 5S0\\nCrayfish Town (570\\nCulloden 561\\nCumberland Island 2S6\\nCumming 45s\\nCummins,Dr F 4S3\\nCunningham s Flour Mills 59s\\nCustom-House, Savannah 80S\\n-Curry. Major Nicholas 077\\nCurtright Manufacturing Company 479\\nCuthbert, town of 590\\nCut Illicit, lion. Alfred 501\\nCuyler 54:3\\nDnbney, Austin 584\\nHade County 418\\nDahlonega 542\\nPallas 582\\nDalton 079\\nDanburg 6S1\\n1 laniellsville 545\\nI larieu 540\\n1 avis. Rev. Win 447\\nDavis, Judge Wm 367\\nDawson, Hon. Wm. C 4S1\\nDeaf and Dumb Asylum 455\\nDecatur County 419\\nDecatur 421\\nI e Fa!b County 421\\nDenmead s Mills 401\\nl e Soto s yjsil to Rome 458\\nDevereaux, W. J 2G7\\nDickson. General Din i 1 451\\nDifflcu ties with the t herokecs 186\\nDili ulties-with the Creeks 128, 129, 180,131\\nDissenting resolutions of St. Matthew s Parish. 437\\nDissenting resolutions of St PauVs Parish (103\\nDissenting resolutions of the Kiokee and Broad\\nFiver Settlements 605\\nDissenting resolutions of Savannah 48\\nDissenting resolutions of lolumbia County 412\\nDissenting N solutions of Burke County 2S3\\nDisqualifying Act 95\\nDoberty, amusing history of Michael 0- 2\\nDoswood G09\\nDooly County 4ji\\nDooly. Judge J M 589\\nDooly, Colonel -John 539\\nDooly, Ci is 539\\nDorchester 513\\nI (ougherty, Major 399\\nDougherty, Judge 399\\nI raper, James C75\\nDrayton s reply to Governor Treutlen s Pro-\\nclamation 207\\nDrayton 424\\nDrinking of rum prohibited 16\\nDublin 2S5, 5 9\\nillo 648\\nDungeness 2s7\\nEagle Factorv in Columbus 570\\nEarlj County 424\\nF. irly. Governor Peter 227\\nEatonton 588\\nEatonton Manufacturing Company 5*3\\nEcholls, Hon. 11)1 073\\nFeiint iuocau Swamp 674\\nEbenezer 426\\nEffects received in America for Georgia 324\\nEffingham County 426\\nElberl County... 43$\\nElberton 488\\nElbert, Governor Samuel 215\\nF.lholm, A. C. G 02S\\nEllis, Governor Henry 185\\nElliott, Bishop Stephen 385\\nElliott, Hon. John, 533", "height": "3381", "width": "1909", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\nPAGE\\nEUijay 460\\nEll ija 401\\nEmanuel County 450\\nEmanuel, Hon. David 2?1\\nEmathla. Tustennuggee j7|\\nEnchanted Mountain 658\\nEwen, President William l J p\\nExchange in Savannah 313\\nExtracts from the Minutes of the Trustees 14\\nExtract from the Speech of Henry Williams 811\\nExtracts from the Records of Medway Church 514\\nEaTuurnc fol\\nEairmount 4t5\\nFalls of Amicololah jjfS\\nFalls of Towaliga 8ff,\\nFalls of Tallulah 4S8\\nFalls of Toccoa 489\\nFainbrough, Thomas 4\\nFarmington J\u00e2\u0084\u00a2*\\nFauche, Colonel Jonas 4b3\\nFayette County 451\\nFaVetteville 451\\nFemale Asylum of Savannah 303\\nFemale Asylum in Columbus 569\\nFemale College in Macon 269\\nFew, Colonel William 409\\nFew. Captain Ignatius 400\\nFielder, heroism of Mrs 480\\nFindley s Foundry 271\\nFitch. Thomas 267\\nFlat Shoals 557\\nFletcher Institute 648\\nFlint liiver Factory 666\\nFlorence\\nFloyd County 452\\nFloyd, General John 289\\nForsyth County 458\\nForsyth, Governor John 238\\nForsyth 561\\nForsyih Female College 56)\\nFort .Dr 26T\\nFort, Arthur\\nScott 419\\nJackson y\\nBarrtngton 540\\nHawkins 275\\nWilkinson 200\\nValley 497\\nValley Seminary 497\\nArgvie 270\\nGaines 425\\nFortification in Houstoun 498\\nFortifications in Savannah River 88G\\nFranklin County 459\\nFranklin 49 1\\nFranklin Mines 39 I\\nFranklin Volunteers 460\\nFranklin College 891\\nFranklin factory 666\\nFrancisville 416\\nFrancis, Milly, noble conduct of 208\\nFrederica 462\\nFreeman, Mrs. Catherine 47^\\nFreight Depot in Augusta 594\\nGaines, Fort 425\\nGainesville 490\\nGalphinton 502\\nGalphin Claim considered 246\\nGamble, Hon. Roger L 503\\nGarmany, Captain 414\\nGarrett, murder of Mrs 2ft9\\nGay, Allen 414\\nGeorgia 1 1 istorical Society 315\\nMilitary Institute 400\\nAcademy for the Blind 209\\nFactory 393\\nEpiscopal Institute 502\\nRoll 38\\ntt Asylum for Deaf and Dumb 455\\nPAGB\\nGeorgia Fema e College at Madison 566\\nGeorgetown 590\\nGUlionsville 261\\nGilmer County 400\\nGilmer, Hon. George R 233\\nGobert. J. B 502\\nGoodrich s Factory 593\\nGogsrans, Win 294\\nGordon County 475\\nGordon, William W 475\\nGordon, Major James 656\\nGordon 683\\nGoshen 539\\nGlascock, General Thomas 628\\nGlenalta 515\\nGlynn County 401\\nGrantland, Hon. S 207\\nGraves, Colonel John 688\\nGraybill, Henry 491\\nGreene County 476\\nGreenesborough 477\\nGreeneville 557\\nGreenesborough Female College 477\\nGreenesborough Manufacturing Company 478\\nGresham, Alexander 478\\nGriffin 634\\nGriswold Factory 505\\nGrooversville 618\\nGulletsville 562\\nGumpond 261\\nGwinnett County 483\\nGwinnett, Hon. .Button 202\\nHabersham County 486\\nHabersham, Hon. James 106\\nHabersham, Major John 866\\nHabersham. Hon. Joseph 869\\nHall County 490\\nHall, Governor Lyman 215\\nHall, Hon. Boiling 491\\n[Hancock County 491\\nHancock Manufacturing Company 492\\nHandley, Governor George 218\\nHamilton\\nHamilton, John 491\\nHamilton, I)r 506\\nHammond, Colonel Samuel 024\\nHardeman, Colonel Robert 506\\nHardwick\\nHaralson, Hon. II. A 6o3\\nHarrisonville 652\\nHarris County 4^3\\nHarris, Colonel Francis II 365\\nHarris, Hon. Charles 371\\nHarris, Augustine\\nHarris, General J. V 899\\nHart, Nancy, a Georgia heroine 441\\nHartford \u00c2\u00b0*7\\n.Hawkins, Fort 417\\nHawkins, Colonel Benjamin 417\\nHawkinsville r ^7\\nHawthorn, death of Rev. Mr 489\\nHayno\\\\ ille 497\\nHaygood, Mrs 563\\nHeard County 494\\nHeard, Hon. Stephen 212\\nHenderson 497\\nHenry County 495\\nHerbert. Rev. Henry 15\\n1 1 icks, Iharles 670\\nHicks, Elijah 070\\nHickory Hill, skirmish at 526\\nHickory Grove 416\\nHigh Shoals Factory 506\\nHillsborough 500\\nHill, Hon. E. Y 652\\nHillhouse, Mrs 687\\nHinesville 513\\nHobbs, Mrs 47S\\nHodge, David 405\\nHogg, Mrs 478\\nHolcoinbe, Rev. Henry 370", "height": "3365", "width": "1892", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\nPAGE\\nHolmesvllle 259\\nHonors to the French Republicans In Augusta. 024\\nHood, Dr 491\\nHopoethlcyoholo, a Creek Chiei 165\\nHopewell 416\\nHoustoun County 49C\\nHoustoun, Gove r John 209\\nHoustoun !)4\\nHouse in which Legislature met in Savannah 8-18\\nMajor John 267\\nHoward Manufacturing Company 570\\nHowlev. Governor Richard 211\\nHull. General 60S\\nv. Hope 393\\nHull. 1 Ion. Asbury 394\\nHull. Dr. Henry 394\\nIndependent Presbyterian Church, Savannah 805\\n[ndi pci dence, Brst celebration of in Georgia... 200\\nIndian talk 26S\\nIndian depredations in Liberty 527\\nIndian depredal ions in Greerie 479\\nI ml an depredations in Washington G77\\nIndian depredations in Telfair 047\\nIntel esting trial of Jesse L. Bunkley 500\\nlr\\\\\\\\ in lounty 498\\nIrwin, Governor Jared 218\\nIvwinton OSS\\nIrwinville 498\\nIsland Town 3S7\\nJack, James 447\\nJack, Colonel Samuel 682\\n.larks. .ii County 499\\nJackson, Governor -lames 219\\nJackson 2S5\\nJacksonville 046\\nJack s Cieek. battle at G72\\nJacksonborough 031\\nJa per County 499\\nJasper, Sergeant 886\\ni Spring 336\\nJefferson County 502\\nJefferson 2S6, 499\\nJeffersonville G56\\nJenkins, Hon Charles J 629\\nJerri an. Major 689\\nJews, arrival, of, in Savannah 828\\nJinnings, Miles 531\\nJohnson, Governor II. V 254\\nIei.es County 505\\nrones, Hon. Noble W 367\\nJones, Hon. James 867\\nJones. Minor John 533\\nJonesi George W mo\\nJones, Hon. Seaborn 267\\nJones, lion, .loh n 582\\nloins. Rev. Dubney 414\\nronesborough 451\\nlonesville 546\\nlury, Grand, first in Washington County 67S\\nWalton County 673\\nTwiggs County 657\\nMonroe County 504\\nI -aker 261\\nCordon 476\\nFayette 452\\nMew ton 578\\nOglethorpe 581\\nCobb 408\\nli Campbell 293\\nBulloch 2S0\\nCoweta 4l6\\nHarris County 494\\nHomy County 496\\nLiberty 531\\nKingston 29S\\nKonesaw Mountain 4ul\\nKeiiesaw Town 404\\nTAGB\\nKnoxville 416\\nKolloek, Rev. Henry 309\\nLa Fayette 607\\nLa Grange 050\\nLa I range Female College 651\\nLamar, John 5fl6\\nLanahassee 637\\nLanding of British on Cumberland Island 2S7\\nLanier 543\\nLanman s letters 662\\nLauiens County 509\\nLawrenceville 483\\nLawrenceville Manufacturing Company 4S3\\nLawson, Colonel John 657\\nLee County 511\\nLei funeral of General 2S7\\nLegend of Iliwassee 600\\nLegend of Naeoochee 4S6\\nLetter from Piggy and Susannah Mcintosh 295\\nLetter from Jane Hawkins 296\\nLetter from Governor Wright to the Eavl of\\nDartmouth 437\\nLelter from Governor Wright in regard to the\\npeople of St. John s Parish 523\\nLetter from Wm. 11. Drayton to Humphrey\\nWells .203\\nLetter from James Habersham 516\\nLetter from Colonel John White to Lieutenafit-\\nColonol Prevost 524\\nLetter from Lieutenant-Colonel Prevost to Col-\\nonel John White 524\\nLetter from Colonel L. V. Fuser to Colonel John\\nMcintosh 525\\nLetter, from Colonel John Mcintosh to Colonel\\nL. V. Fuser 526\\nLetter from Colonel Maxwell to Lieutenant-\\nColonel Fishburne 528\\nLetter from Oglethorpe to the Earl of Oxford. 463\\nLetter of the Governor and Council of South\\nCarolina to General Osrletliorpe 322\\nLelter from Robert Johnson to Benjamin\\nMartyn 823\\nLetters which passed between D F.staing and\\nGeneral Prevost 348\\nLetter from President Drayton to the Council\\nof Safety 91\\nLetter from General Lachlan Mcintosh to Gen-\\neral Washington 92, 95\\nLciter from Colonel Thomas Browne to Dr.\\nRamsey 014\\nLetter from Colonel A.J. Pickett 170\\nLetters from the Council of Safety S6, S7, S8\\nLetter from n gentleman in Georgia 61\\nLetter from Georgia Delegates to the Continental\\nCongress.... 01,02.63\\nLetter lo the Committee of Donations 03, 64\\nLetter from Augusta 000\\nLetter from Mr. Launitz 811\\nLetter from Lieutenant-Colonel Elbert 463\\nLexington 579\\nLewis, Dixon II 492\\nLiberty County 513\\nLincoln County 539\\nLini olnton 5,39\\nLisbon 539\\nList of Indian traders in A ugusta 600\\nList of persons disqualified 11.2\\nLithoiiia 422\\nLong. Colonel Nicholas 684\\nI. on -Swamp 390\\nLong Cane 652\\nLong Pond 003\\nLoudsvile 4S6\\nLouisville 502\\nLovers Leap. Legend of 571\\nLowndes County 540\\nLumber City C46\\nLumpkin County 542\\nLumpkin 637\\nLumpkin, Governor Wilson 286\\nLumpkin, lion. Joseph II 895", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "XI\\nPAGE\\nLutheran Church in Savannah 31 S\\nLutheran Church at Ebenezer 426\\nMacon County 54-3\\nMacon 2(59\\nMacon Cotton Factory 272\\nMachine Factory 599\\nMadison County 544\\nMadison 506\\nMadison Female College 566\\nMadison Steam Mill Company 566\\nMagnolia 3 fl 9\\nMaflorysville 681\\nMarbury, Leonard 4*5\\nMarietta 400\\nMarietta Tannery 401\\nMarion County 545\\nMarion 656\\nMarriage of David Hodge 405\\nMarshall, Rev. Daniel 406\\nMarshallville 543\\nMarthasville 543\\nMartin, Governor John 214\\nMars Hill Factory 393\\nMasonic Hall in Augusta 594\\nMasonic Female College 637\\nMatthews, Governor George 217\\nMaxwell, Audley 533\\nMcBride s Mills 494\\nMcCall, Major 31\\nMcDonald, Governor Charles J 239\\nMcDonough 495\\nMcFlesh s Varietv Works 402\\nMcGirth. Colonel Daniel 281\\nMeGidivray, General Alexander 154\\nMcKrimmon, Duncan, romantic story of 267\\nMcintosh County 546\\nGeneral Lachlan 547\\nGeneral William 17(1\\nGeneral John 547\\nColonel J. S 547\\nRoderick 470\\nMrs. Ann 546\\nMrs. Sarah 547\\nMcintosh, Colonel John, his noble reply 526\\nMcWhir, Rev. William. D.D 532\\nMedical College, Augusta 594\\nMedway Church 517\\nMeeting of the Trustees of Georgia 14\\nMeeting oi Merchants in Savannah 42\\nMeeting of Inhabitants of Savannah 42, 64\\nMeeting in Lawrenceville in regard to Volun-\\nteers 4S4\\nMeeting of Provincial Congress 65\\nMeeting of Inhabitants of Liberty 520\\nMeeting of Indians called by Oglethorpe 325\\nMeigs, Josiah 397\\nMercer, Rev. Jesse 6S4\\nMeriwether County 556\\nMeriwether, Captain James 503\\nMeriwether, Judge 588\\nMeriwether, General David 397\\nMeteoric Stone 564\\nMethodist Church, Savannah 306\\nMidway 266\\nMillar, Hon. A. J 629\\nMillord 261\\nMilfort 573\\nMill Haven 631\\nMilner, Rev. John 5S4\\nMilledgeville 265\\nMidedireville Manufacturing Company 266\\nMilledge. Governor John 223\\nMissionaries, imprisonment of 140\\nMitchell, Thomas 399\\nMitchell, Governor David B 224\\nMonroe County 560\\nMonroe 671\\nMontezuma 543\\nMontaigut, David 366\\nMonticeilo 499\\nMontgomery County 565\\nMontgomery, Joseph T 651\\nMonument in Augusta 599\\nMonument in Lawrenceville 485\\nMoravian Missions 567\\nMoreau, General 418\\nMorgan County 565\\nMoseley, Rev. William 636\\nMound near Macon 275\\nin Karl v 425\\nin Libert 439\\nin Cass 299\\nMounds in Hancock 492\\non Murder Creek 500\\nin Forsyth 458\\nin Butti 286\\nMount Brown 275\\nLnon 597\\nVernon 565\\n_ Zion 4!ii\\nMountain, Enchanted 658\\nMountain. Stone 422\\nMountain Town 461\\nMonntville 052\\nMurder of a family in Baker 264\\nMurray County 507\\nMurray, Hon. T. W 5R9\\nv -iIuscogec County 56S\\nMusgrove, Mary 21\\nMuster Hull of Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander s\\nregiment 676\\nMuster Hull of Burke County 284\\nMuster Roll of Greene County 480\\nNacoochee Valley 486\\nKarnes of orphans educated at Whitetield s\\nOrphan House 332\\nNanus of persons to whom lands were allotted\\nby the Court of President and Assistants 32\\nKarnes of persons who took the oath of Alle-\\ngiance 39\\nNames of offiVers and soldiers who made appli-\\ncation for lands Ill\\nNames of persons declared rebels 102\\nNames of Volunteers to Mexico 115\\nNames of officers who were in the Continental\\nLine of the Georgia Brigade 113\\nNames of Indian traders in Augusta 6\u00c2\u00ab\\nNesbel and Le\\\\ y s Foundry 272\\nKesbit. Hon. Kugenius A 273\\nNeuf\\\\ i te. Bev. Dr. Edward 371\\nNew Kehota .475\\nNewnan 413\\nNewnan, General Daniel 669\\nNewton County 574\\nNewton 260\\nNewton Faetoiy 575\\nNickajack Factory 402\\nNoel, John Y 367\\nNorcross. J 421\\nNotice of meeting in Savannah 44\\nNowlan, Colonel George G 438\\nOak Lawn 261\\nOak Mountain 493\\nObservations by the Georgia Delegates 106\\nObservations on the soil of Lee County by Dr.\\nMercer 511\\nOglethorpe, General 177\\nOglethorpe County 579\\nOglethorpe University 266\\nOglethorpe 543\\nOld Church 282\\nOld Sixes Town 390\\nOsborn, Lady 15\\nOostenaula 476\\nOothcologa 476\\nOxford 574\\nPalmyra 511\\nParish, Captain Joel 473", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\nPAGE\\nPark, Ezeklel E 478\\nParker, Henry 181\\nParsons, Samuel 2\\nPastors of Medway Charcli 519\\nPataula Falls 591\\nPaulding County 582\\nPayne, Edward 898\\nPenfleld fj\\nPenitentiary 265\\nPerry 4; 7\\nPetersburg 489\\nPetition of the inhabitants of Georgia to the\\nKi n g 82, 83, 84, 85\\nPetition of inhabitants of Augusta 601\\nPickett, Colonel A.J 170\\nPike County 538\\nPine Mountains 493\\nPine Hill 502\\nPlneville 545\\nPioneer Paper Mill 393\\nPlantation of James Potter 802\\nPlanters Factory 2S5\\nPoindexter 545\\nPolk County 586\\nPolk. Eev. M 502\\nPorter, Oliver 488\\nPowder Springs 401\\nPowelton 491\\nPrattsville 562\\nPresbyterian Church in Augusta 595\\nPrinceton Manufacturing Company 392\\nPrison Ships 339\\nProceedings in Wilkes County relating to Gen-\\neral E. Clarke s arrest GS6\\nProceedings of first I lonri in Liberty 53d\\nProceedings of Council of Safety... 86, 87, 88, 89, 90\\nProceedings of Committee of St. John s Parish 521\\nProclamation of President Ewen 90\\nof Governor Treutlen 206\\nof Sir James Wright 46\\nof John Wereat 210\\nof Governor Brownson 213\\nPulaski, Count 307\\nPulaski County 5S7\\nPulaski, loss of steamer 353\\nPulaski House 312\\nPulaski Monument 308\\nPutnam County 588\\nQuincv, Rev. Mr 15\\nQuebec 6-12\\nQueensborough 562\\nRabun County 589\\nBabun, Governor Win 228\\nRandolph County 590\\nRatification of Federal Constitution 620\\nKaysville 405\\nRaytown 043\\nRedding, Anderson 503\\nEeidsville 0-15\\nRemarkable stone in Columbia County 405\\nRemarkable feat in Camden County 2S8\\nRemarkable rock in Forsyth County 458\\nRemarkable instances of longevity 597\\nReport of Committee to devise temporary Con-\\nstitution 96, 97\\nResaca 475\\nRees, Dr 501\\nResolutions at Savannah 45\\nResolution^ of General Committee at Charles-\\ntown in regard to St. John s Parish 522\\nResolutions of South Carolina in regard to Ogle-\\nthorpe 321\\nResolutions of House of Assembly 56, 57, 58\\nReturn of Burke County Militia 284\\nReturn of American forces killed at Savannah.. 317\\nReturn of officers chosen for Georgia Battalion. 94\\nReturn of strength of Georgia Battalion 90\\nRevolutionary Soldiers in YY-ilkes 682\\nRevolutionary Incident GOG\\nPAGE\\nRevolutionary documents connected with Mcin-\\ntosh County 554\\nReynolds, Governor John 182\\nReynolds, Colonel 898\\nReynolds 646\\nRiceborough 518\\nRichmond County 598\\nRichmond Factory f *i\u00c2\u00bb\\nRidge, Major 167\\nRidge, John 163\\nRinggold 667\\nRoanoke, burning of 683\\nRobbery, singular, by a female 451\\nRock, curious 453\\nHoik Wand Paper Mill 571\\nPome 452\\nRose Hill Cemetery 270\\nRose, S 270\\nRoss, John 138\\nRoss, II. G 272\\nRoswell 401\\nRoswell Factory 402\\nRough and Ready 451\\nRound POnd 06S\\nRuckersville 438\\nRussellville 562\\nRutherford, Robert 2G7\\nSalem 392\\nSandtown 292, 557\\nSapp, Henry 056\\nSapp, Mrs. R 650\\nSaundersville 077\\nSanders, George 401\\nSavannah 802\\nFemale Asylum 303\\nWaterworks 808\\nPoor-House and Hospital 314\\nreduction of 337\\nattack and repulse at 313\\nSaying of a lawyer 282\\nSchley, Governor William 238\\nSchool at Goose Pond 5S1\\nScottsborough 266\\nScott, General John 267\\nScreven County 631\\nScreven, General 521\\nScull Shoals Manufacturing Company 47S\\nSeal of the Trustees 819\\nSeizure of the Mail 1 95\\nSnake story 662\\nSouthern Masonic Female College 574\\nSocial Circle 671\\nSouth Newport 510\\nStarkville 511\\nStapTe ton, George 5i)3\\nState House 265\\nState Lunatic Asylum 266\\nBtatesborough 2S0\\nState Bank in Savannah 310\\nStephens, Hon. William 367\\nStephens, President William ISO\\nStephens, Hon. A. II 643\\nStevens, Rev. Wm. B 191\\nStewart County 037\\nStewart, General Daniel 53.3\\nStiles, Samuel 270\\nStokes, Captain 4S3\\nStokes, Hon. Anthony 306\\nStrawberry 069\\nStrobe], Rev. P. A 427\\nStrong, Judge Christopher 273\\nSpalding County 634\\nSpalding. Hon Thomas 034\\nSpanish invasion of Georgia 462\\nSparta 491\\nSpring Cave 457\\nLimestone, in Hall 490\\nLimestone, in Polk 586\\nCold 557\\nSulphur, in Hall 490\\nRowland 299", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "PREFACE.\\nThe flattering reception given by rny fellow-citizei\\nto The Statistics of Geoegia, naturally encourage\\nme to venture still further in that field, which must ev\\nbe a favourite with the patriotic Georgian.\\nTen years of incessant labour, expense, and trav\\nthroughout the State, have been cheerfully bestowed, ai\\nthe Historical Collections of Georgia are the re-\\nsult.\\nNo source of knowledge has been neglected or despised\\nThe Libraries of Charleston, Savannah, Milledgevii\\nand New- York, have been diligently searched.\\nThe Colonial Documents kindly furnished me by the\\nLegislature of Georgia, to aid in the compilation of tl\\nwork, have been freely used. A large amount of in-\\nformation has been gleaned, moreover, from aged perso\\nthe oldest inhabitants of many of our towns an*\\nvillages whose memories are proverbially tenacious\\nregard to events, which made their vivid impressions\\nearly youth. This oral tradition, indeed, often furnish", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "PEEFACE.\\ne warm flesh and blood of the body of History, while\\n1 curnentary evidence can be relied on for the putting\\ngether of the dry skeleton alone.\\nCorrectness rather than elegance has been the end\\n.iefly sought; and the pains unsparingly taken give me a\\n*ht to claim general reliability for all facts stated.\\nBut, in a field of original research, so new, so extended,\\n(1 so largely unexplored before, it is too much to expect\\nat entire freedom from error has been attained.\\nTo James Hamilton Couper, Esq., Hon. George R.\\nI llmer, Hon. Wilson Lumpkin, I. K. Tefft, Esq.,\\nt olonel William Harden, of Cass County, Be v. P. A.\\nStrobel, George W. Waltiiour, Esq., Nelson Tift,\\nEsq., General J. V. Harris, Colonel A. J. Pickett,\\nAlabama, Edward F. Campbell, Esq., Rev. John\\nJones, William Mcintosh, Esq., J. H. R. Washington,\\nEsq., Benjamin E. Stiles, Esq., and Colonel John Mil-\\nledge, the author is indebted for valuable assistance.\\nThis work does not assume to be a consecutive His-\\ntory. It is but a collection of materials for the use of\\nthe future historian. It is enough for me, if, by the\\nigh toil of the literary pioneer, I succeed in break-\\nr and gathering out the stone from the quarry, and\\nin hewing the heavy timber from the mountains, where-\\nth, hereafter, some accomplished architect, in its full\\nportion and finished beauty, may rear the fair fabric\\nthe History of Georgia.\\nG. W.\\nMarietta, Cobb County, Georgia,\\n1st January, 1854.", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "PAGE\\nSpring Place 29S. 567\\nThundering Gfi5\\nYates s 667\\nSprings, Cherokee 667\\nCohuttab 508\\nCotoosa 66S\\nCrayfish 607\\nIndian 285\\nMadison 540\\nFranklin 459\\nu Medicinal 667\\nPowder 401\\nWarm 557\\nChalybeate 557\\nSpringfield 426\\nSettlement of Liberty County 514\\nSequoia, or George Guess 3S7\\nSiege and Surrender of Augusta 609\\nSiloquoy 470\\nSilver Mines 19, 20\\nShady Dale 500\\nShaffer, B 201\\nSharp Mountain 390\\nSheftall Sheftall 340\\nSheftall, Mordecai, Journal of 340\\nShine, John 6 6\\nShivers. Jonas 675\\nSmith, Lorenzo Dow, history of 662\\nSmith, Rev. Isaac 503\\nSouthern Female College of La Grange 651\\nSt. Andrew s Society 815\\nSt. John s Church 817\\nSt. Mary s 286\\nSt. Simon s Island 462\\nSt. Cloud s 494\\nSt. Paul s Church 595\\nSubterranean Village 437\\nSummary mode of justice among the Creeks. 417\\nSummerville 3^6, 597\\nSumter County 641\\nBanbury 513\\nSurrender of the Charter 20\\nSuttle, William, generous conduct of 440\\nSylvania 631\\nSynodical Female College at Griffin 634\\nSwainsborongh 450\\nSweet Water Factory 293\\nSweet Water Old Town 404\\nTalbot County 642\\nTalbotton 642\\nTalbot, Governor Matthew 229\\nTait. Charles 448\\nTalona 401\\nTaliaferro County 643\\nTar and feathering 606\\nTarvcrsville 656\\nTattnall County 645\\nTattnall. Governor Josiah 222\\nTaylor County 646\\nTaylor, Richard 670\\nTaylor s Cotton Gin Manufactory 570\\nTazewell 545\\nTetft, I. K 106\\nTelfair County 646\\nTelfair, Governor E 216\\nTerrell, Captain James 459\\nThrasher, sufferings of Mrs 479\\nThomas County 648\\nThomaston 665\\nThomasville 648\\nThomas, General J 648\\nThomas, Mrs. Martha 267\\nThomaston Factory 666\\nThunderbolt 336\\nTomo Chachi s visit to England 325\\nTorrence, John 675\\nTown Bluff 259\\nTowns, Governor George W 252\\nTragical incident in Baker 264\\nTravellers Rest 424\\nTreutlen, Governor John A, 202\\nPACK\\nTroup County 650\\nTroupville 540\\nTroup Factory 652\\nTroup, Governor George M 231\\nTradition of the Cherokees 404\\nTreaty with the Lower Creeks in Savannah, 1783. 121\\nTreaty with the Creeks, Cherokees. and Chicka-\\nsaw s at Coweta, 1739 121\\nTreaty with the Cherokees and Creeks at Au-\\ngusta, 1773 121,122, 128\\nTreaty with the Cherokees at Augusta, May 81,\\n1783 123\\nTreaty with the Creeks at Augusta, Nov. 1. 1733. 123\\nCherokees at Rope well, 1785... 123\\nCreeks at Shoulder-Bone Creek,\\n1786 123\\nTreaty with the Creeks at New York, 1790 124\\nCherokees at Holston, 1791 124\\nat Philadelphia^ 794. 124\\nCreeks at Coleraine, 1796... 124,125\\nat Fort Wilkinson. 1S02. 125\\nat the Agency, 1804 125\\nat Washington City, 1805. 125\\nat Fort Jackson, 1814. 126\\nat the Creek Agency,\\n1818 126\\nTreaty with the Creeks at Indian Springs, 1821.. 126\\nat Indian Springs, 1825.. 126\\nat Washington City, 1826. 126\\nat the Creek Agency,\\n1827 127\\nTreaty with the Cherokees at New Eehota,\\n1635 127\\nTrenton 41rf\\nTryon Factory 3S7\\nTunnel 6S0\\nTwiggs County 656\\nTv, iggs, General John 629\\nTwiggs, General D. E 629\\nTyner s family, capture of 440\\nUnion County 657\\nUnion Point 473\\nUniversity, Mercer 477\\nUpson County 665\\nUpson, Hon. Stephen 5S0\\nVandever. the hunter of Tallulah 663, 604\\nVariety Works at Columbus 570\\nVanwert 5S2\\nVienna 424\\nVilla Rica 294\\nViiieville 272\\nVon Reek s Journal 433\\nWaddel, Rev. Dr. Moses 394\\nWalker County 667\\nWalker, Major Freeman 629\\nWallace, Norman 815\\nWalthour 538\\nWalthourvillo 513\\nWalton County jti^M 1\\nWalton, Governor George 21 u\\nWare County .^^73\\nWaresborough 673\\nWare, lion. Nicholas 629\\nWarehouses in Augusta 594\\nWarren County 674\\nWarrenton 675\\nWarren and Coleman s Mill 599\\nWarner, Hon. Hiram 557\\nWashington County 676\\nWashington 681\\nAVashington s visit to Augusta 621\\nWashington s answer to address of Medway\\nChurch 530\\nWatkinsville 391\\nWatkiusville Tanning Company 393\\nWatson s Cotton Gin Factory 511\\nWatts, Ludwell 285", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\nPAGE\\nWater-Cure Establishment *00\\nWay man Factory 6 i6\\nWayne County \u00c2\u00a379\\nWavnesborough s 2\\nWayneville 679\\nWayne, Hon. James M 879\\nWctr.it, Governor John 210\\nWesley, Uev. John 16, 17\\nWesley, Rev. Samuel 15\\nWesl Point 652\\nWhitesville 426,493\\nWhltefleld County .679\\nW bitefleld, Rev. George 630\\nWhitefleld s Orphan House 829\\nWhite House, skirmish at 526\\nW hite Path 401\\nWhite, l r 267\\nWhite Plains 47S\\nWhite, Colonel John 307\\nWhitaker, Hon. Benjamin 504\\nWilde, Hon R II 029\\nWilliamiot s Minos 390\\nPAGE\\nAVilson s Cavo 609\\nWilkes County 681\\nWinter s Merchant Mill 571\\nWlnship s Establishment 421\\nWlnshlp s Cotton Gin Factory 566\\nWilkinson County 6SS\\nWoodlawn Seminary 5ST\\nWright, Sir James, speech to the General As-\\nsembly 50, 51\\nWright, Sir James, answer to the House of\\nAssembly 54, 55\\nWright, Sir James 1S3\\nWrightsborough 4f 4\\nWright, John 682\\nWyatt, John 495\\nYonah Mountain 4ST\\nZebulon 5S3\\nZubly, Bev. J. J. 365", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "INDEX\\nTHE ILLUSTRATIONS\\nPAGE\\nBTATE-HOUSE (Baldwin County) 265\\nROSE HILLL CEMETERY (Bibb County), 270\\nCHRIST CHUBCII, 2T1\\nMACON COTTON FACTORY, 272\\nSPRING PLACE (Cass County), 20$\\nETOWAH RIVER, 299\\nRESIDENCE OK JAMES POTTER (Chatham County), 302\\nFEMALE ASYLUM, 303\\nSAVANNAH WATER-WORKS, 3)4\\nCUSTOM-HOUSE, 305\\nMETHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, 306\\nPULASKI MONUMENT, 303\\nPULASKI HOUSE, 312\\nMERCHANTS- EXCHANGE, 313\\nPOOR-HOUSE AND HOSPITAL, 314\\nST. ANDREW S HALL, 314\\nGEORGIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY, 315\\nSTATE BANK, 316\\nSECOND BAPTIST CHURCH, 316\\nST. JOHNS CHURCH, 317\\nLUTIIERAN CHURCH, 31S\\nSEAL OF THE TRUSTEES, 319\\nHOUSE IN WHICH THE LEGISLATURE MET (Chatham County), 34S\\nWATER-CURE ESTABLISHMENT (Cobb County), 400\\nSTONE MOUNTAIN (De Kalb County), 423\\nINDIAN MOUNDS (Early County), 425\\nCHURCH AT EBENEZER (Effingham County), 426\\nNANCY HART (Elbert County), 441\\nDEAF AND DUMB ASYLUM (Floyd County), 455\\nGREENESBOROUGH FEMALE COLLEGE (Greene County) 477\\nCURTWRIGHT MANUFACTURING COMPANY (Greene County), 479\\nTALLCLAH FALLS (Habersham County),\\nTOCCO.V FALLS,\\nMEDWAY CHURCH (Liberty County)\\nCEMETERY OF MEDWAY CHURCH (Liberty County) 519\\nFORSYTH FEMALE COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE (Moseob County) 561\\nTOWALIG A FALLS (Monboe County), 562\\nEAGLE MILLS. COLUMBUS (Muscogee County) 570\\nLOVER S LEAP (Muscogee County), 571\\nSOUTHERN MASONIC FEMALE COLLEGE (Newton County) 574\\nLIMESTONE SPRING (Polk County-), 5S6\\nCITY II ALL (Richmond County), 593\\nFREIGHT DEPOT, 594\\nCHURCH OF THE ATONEMENT (Richmond County) 595\\nST. PAULS CHURCH, 595\\nPRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 596", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "XVJ INDEX TO THE ILLUSTRATIONS.\\nPAGE.\\nCUNNINGHAM S FLOUR MILLS (Richmond County) 508\\nGOODRICH S MANUFACTORY, 598\\nMONUMENT TO LYMAN HALL AND GEORGE WALTON (Richmond County) 599\\nSYNODICAL FEMALE COLLEGE (Spalding County) C34\\nLA GRANGE FEMALE COLLEGE (Troup County) 651-\\nVIEW OF LA FAYETTE (Walker County) 667\\nVIEW OF COTOOSA SPRINGS, 668\\nTUNNEL OF THE WESTERN AND ATLANTIC RAILROAD (Whitefield County... 680\\nPORTRAITS OF GOVERNORS AND DISTINGUISHED PERSONS.\\nGENERAL OGLETHORPE 117\\nHON. GEORGE M. TROUP 231\\nHON. JOHN FORSYTH 233\\nHON. GEORGE R. GILMER 235\\nHON. CHARLES McDONALD 239\\nHON. GEORGE W.CRAWFORD 245\\nHON. HOWELL COBB 252\\nHON. HERSCHEL V. JOHNSON 254\\nHON. E A. NESBIT 273\\nHON. JOHN MACPHERSON BERRIEN 373\\nHON. JOSEPH H.LUMPKIN 395\\nHON. WILLIAM C. DAWSON 481\\nHON. HIRAM WARNER 557\\nHON. R. TOOMBS 685\\nCOL. JOSEPH CLAY 277\\nCOL. FRANCIS H. HARRIS 365\\nCOL. SAMUEL HAMMOND 624\\nCOUNT PULASKI 307\\nSHEFTALL SHEFTALL, ESQ 340\\nREV. EDWARD NEUFVILLE 371\\nREV. WILLIAM McWHIR 532\\nREV. JAMES 0. ANDREW 575\\nREV. GEORGE WHITEFIELD 680\\nDISTINGUISHED INDIANS.\\nGENERAL WILLIAM McINTOSH 170\\nMAJOR RIDGE 167\\nHO-PO-ETH-LE-YO-HO-LO 105\\nTIMPOOCHEE BARNARD 166\\nJOHN RIDGE 168\\nDDY CARR... 169\\nSTENNUGGEE EMATHLA 174\\nTOMO CHACHI 325\\nOUI", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "THE\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS\\nOF\\nGEORGIA.\\nDOCUMENTS CONNECTED WITH THE EARLY HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nCHARTER OF THE COLONY.\\nGeorge the Second\\nBy the grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and\\nIreland, King, Defender of the Faith, c. To all to whom these\\npresents shall come, greeting Whereas we are credibly informed,\\nthat many of our poor subjects are, through misfortunes and want\\nof employment, reduced to great necessity, insomuch as by their\\nlabour they are not able to provide a maintenance for themselves\\nand families and if they had means to defray their charges of pas-\\nsage, and other expenses incident to new settlements, they would be\\nglad to settle in any of our provinces in America, where, by cultivat-\\ning the lands at present waste and desolate, they might not only gain\\na comfortable subsistence for themselves and families, but also\\nstrengthen our colonies, and increase the trade, navigation, and wealth\\nof these our realms. And whereas our provinces in North America\\nhave been frequently ravaged by Indian enemies more especially\\nthat of South Carolina, which in the late war, by the neighbouring\\nsavages, was laid waste by fire and sword, and great numbers of the\\nEnglish inhabitants miserably massacred and our loving subjects who\\nnow inhabit there, by reason of the smallness of their numbers, will,\\nin case of a new war, be exposed to the like calamities inasmuch as\\ntheir whole southern frontier continueth unsettled, and lieth opeajtp\\nthe said savages and whereas we think it highly becoming our\\ncrown and royal dignity to protect all our loving subjects, be they\\nnever so distant from us to extend our fatherly compassion even to\\nthe meanest and most infatuate of our people, and to relieve the wants\\nof our above mentioned poor subjects and that it will be highly con-\\nducive for accomplishing those ends, that a regular colony of the said\\npoor people be settled and established in the southern territories of\\nCarolina and whereas we have been well assured, that if we would\\nbe graciously pleased to erect and settle a corporation, for the receiv-\\ning, managing and disposing of the contributions of our loving sub-", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "2 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\njects, divers persons would be induced to contribute to the purposes\\naforesaid. Know ye therefore, that we have, for the consideration\\naforesaid, and for the better and more orderly carrying- on the said\\ngood purposes, of our special grace, certain knowledge and mere\\nmotion, willed, ordained, constituted and appointed, and by these\\npresents, for us, our heirs and successors, do will, ordain, constitute,\\ndeclare and grant, that our right trusty and well beloved John Lord\\nViscounl Percival, of our Kingdom of Ireland, our trusty and well\\nl)clo\\\\ ed Edward Digby, George Carpenter, James Oglethorpe, George\\nHeathcote, Thomas Tower, Robert Moor, Robert Hucks, Roger Hol-\\nland, William Sloper, Francis Eyles, John Laroche, James Vernon,\\nWilliam Beletha, Esqrs., A. M., John Burton, B. D., Richard Bun-\\ndy, A. M., Arthur Beaford, A. M., Samuel Smith, A.M., Adam Ander-\\nson, and Thomas Coram, gentlemen, and such other persons as shall\\nhe elected in the manner herein alter mentioned, and their successors\\nto he elected in the manner herein after directed, be, and shall be one\\nbody politic and corporate, in deed and in name, by the name of The\\nTrustees for establishing the Colony of Georgia in America; and them\\nand their successors by the same name, we do, by these presents, for\\nus, our heirs and successors, really and fully make, ordain, constitute\\nand declare, to be one body politic in deed and in name forever; and\\nthat by tin- same name, they and their successors shall and may have\\nperpetual succession; and that they and their successors, by that\\nname, shall and may forever hereafter be persons able and capable\\nin the law, to purchase, have, take, receive and enjoy, to them and\\ntheir successors, any manors, messuages, lands, tenements, rents,\\nadvowsons, liberties, privileges, jurisdictions, franchises, and other\\nhereditaments whatsoever, lying and being in Great Britain, or any\\npart thereof, of whatsoever nature, kind or quality, or value they be,\\nin fee and in perpetuity not exceeding the yearly value of one\\nthousand pounds, beyond reprises also estates tor lives and for years;\\nand all other manner of goods, chattels and things whatsoever they\\nbe for the better settling and supporting, and maintaining the said\\ncolony, and other uses aforesaid; and to give, grant, let and demise\\nthe said manors, messuages, Lands, tenements, hereditaments, goods,\\nchattels and things whatsoever aforesaid, by lease or leases, for term\\nof years, in possession at the time of granting thereof, and not in\\nreversion, not exceeding the term of thirty-one years from the time\\nofc granting thereof; on which in case no fine be taken, shall be\\nreserved tin- full; and m ease a fine be taken, shall be reserved\\nat least a moiety of the value that the same shall reasonably\\nand bona fide be worth at the time of such demise and that they and\\ntheir successors, by the name aforesaid, shall and may forever here-\\nafter be persons able, capable in the law, to purchase, have, take,\\nreceive and enjoy, to them and their successors, any lands, territories,\\npossessions, tenements, jurisdictions, franchises and hereditaments\\nwhatsoever, lying and bring in America, of what quantity, qualitv or\\nvalue whatsoever they be. for the better settling and supporting, and\\nmaintaining the said colony; and that by the name aforesaid they", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "CHARTER OF THE COLONY. 6\\nshall and may be able to sue and be sued, plead and be impleaded,\\nanswer and be answered unto, defend and be defended in all courts\\nand places whatsoever, and before whatsoever judges, justices and\\nother officers, of us, our heirs and successors, in all and singular\\nactions, plaints, pleas, matters, suits and demands, of what kind,\\nnature or quality soever they be and to act and do all other matters\\nand things in as ample manner and form as any other our liege sub-\\njects of this realm of Great Britain and that they and their successors\\nforever hereafter, shall and may have a common seal to serve, for the\\ncauses and businesses of them and their successors and that it shall\\nand may be lawful for them and their successors, to change, break,\\nalter and make new the said seal, from time to time, and at their\\npleasure, as they shall think best. And we do further grant, for us, our\\nheirs and successors, that the said corporation and the common coun-\\ncil of the said corporation hereinafter by us appointed, may from time\\nto time, and at all times, meet about their affairs when and where\\nthey please, and transact and carry on the business of the said cor-\\nporation. And for the better execution of the purposes aforesaid, we\\ndo, bv these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant\\nto the said corporation, and their successors, that they and their suc-\\ncessors forever may, upon the third Thursday in the month of March\\nyearly, meet at some convenient place to be appointed by the said\\ncorporation, or major part of them who shall be present at any meet-\\ning of the said corporation, to be had for the appointing of the said\\nplace and that they or two-thirds of such of them that shall be present\\nat such yearly meeting, and at no other meeting of the said corporation,\\nbetween the hours of ten in the morning and four in the afternoon of\\nthe same day, choose and elect such person or persons to be members\\nof the said corporation, as they shall think beneficial to the good\\ndesigns of the said corporation. And our further will and pleasure\\nis, that if it shall happen that any person herein after by us appointed,\\nas the common council of the said corporation, or any persons to be\\nelected or admitted members of the said common council in the man-\\nner hereafter directed, shall die, or shall by writing under his and\\ntheir hands respectively resign his or their office or offices of common\\ncouncil man or common council men; the said corporation, or the\\nmajor part of such of them as shall be present, shall and may at such\\nmeeting, on the said third Thursday in March yearly, in manner as\\naforesaid, next after such death or resignation, and at no other meet-\\ning of the said corporation, into the room or place of such person or\\npersons so dead or so resigning, elect and choose one or more such\\nperson or persons, being members of the said corporation, as to them\\nshall seem meet and our will is, that all and every the person or\\npersons which shall from time to time hereafter be elected common\\ncouncil men of the said corporation as aforesaid, do and shall, before\\nhe or they act as common council men of the said corporation, take\\nan oath for the faithful and due execution of their office which oath the\\npresident of the said corporation for the time being, is hereby author-\\nized and required to administer to such person or persons elected as", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "4 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\naforesaid. And our will and pleasure is, that the first president of the\\nsaid corporation is and shall be our trusty and well-beloved, the said\\nLord John Viscount Percival and that the said president shall,\\nwithin thirty days after the passing this charter, cause a summons to\\nbe issued to the several members of the said corporation herein par-\\nticularly named, to meet at such time and place as he shall appoint,\\nto consult about and transact the businesses of said corporation. And\\nour will and pleasure is, and we, by these presents, for us, our heirs\\nand successors, grant, ordain and direct, that the common council of\\nthis corporation shall consist of fifteen in number and we do, by\\nthese presents, nominate, constitute and appoint our right trusty and\\nwell-beloved John Lord Viscount Percival, our trusty and beloved\\nEdward Digby, George Carpenter, James Oglethorpe, George Heath-\\ncote, Thomas Laroche, James Vernon, William Beletha, Esqrs., and\\nStephen Hales, Master of Arts, to be the common council of the said\\ncorporation, to continue in the said office during their good behaviour.\\nAnd whereas it is our royal intention, that the members of the said\\ncorporation should be increased by election, as soon as conveniently\\nmay be, to a greater number than is hereby nominated Our further\\nwill and pleasure is, and we do hereby, for us, our heirs and succes-\\nsors, ordain and direct, that from the time of such increase of the\\nmembers of the said corporation, the number of the common council\\nshall be increased to twenty-four and that the same assembly at\\nwhich such additional members of the said corporation shall be chosen,\\nthere shall likewise be elected in the manner herein before directed\\nfor the election of common council men, nine persons to be the said\\ncommon council men, and to make up the number twenty-four. And\\nour further will and pleasure is, that our trusty and well-beloved\\nEdward Digby, Esq., shall be the first chairman of the common\\ncouncil of the said corporation and that the said Lord Viscount\\nPercival shall be and continue president cf the said corporation and\\nthat the said Edward Digby shall be and continue chairman of the\\ncommon council of the said corporation, respectively, until the meet-\\ning which shall be had next and immediately after the first meeting\\nof the said corporation, or of the common council of the said corpora-\\ntion respectively, and no longer at which said second meeting, and\\nevery other subsequent and future meeting of the said corporation, or\\nof the common council of the said corporation respectively, in order\\n1o preserve an indifferent rotation of the several officers of president\\nof the corporation, and of chairman of the common council of the\\nsaid corporation, we do direct and ordain, that all and every the\\nperson and persons members of the said common council for the time\\nbeing, and no other, being present at such meetings, shall severally\\nand respectively in their turns, preside at the meetings which shall\\nfrom time to time be held of the said corporation, or of the common\\ncouncil of the said corporation respectively. And in case any doubt\\nor question shall at any time arise touching or concerning the right\\nof any member of the said common council to preside, at any meeting\\nof the said corporation, or at the common council of the said corpora-", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "CHARTER OF THE COLONY.\\ntion, the same shall respectively be determined by the major part of\\nthe said corporation, or of the common council of the said corporation\\nrespectively, who shall be present at such meeting. Provided always,\\nthat no member of the said common council having served in the\\noffices of president of the said corporation, or of chairman of the com-\\nmon council of the said corporation, shall be\u00c2\u00abcapable of being or of serv-\\ning as president or chairman at any meeting of the said corporation,\\norcommon council of the said corporation, next and immediately ensu-\\ning that in which he so served as president of the said corporation,\\nor chairman of the said common council of the said corporation\\nrespectively unless it shall so happen, that at any such meeting of the\\nsaid corporation there shall not be any other member of the said com-\\nmon council present. And our will and pleasure is, that at all and every\\nof the meetings of the said corporation, or of the common council of\\nthe said corporation, the president or chairman for the time being,\\nshall have a voice, and shall vote and shall act as a member of the\\nsaid corporation, or of the common council of the said corporation, at\\nsuch meeting; and in case of any equality of votes, the said president\\nor chairman, for the time being, shall have a casting vote. And our\\nfurther will and pleasure is, that no president of the said corporation,\\nor chairman of the common council of the said corporation, or member\\nof the said common council or corporation, by us by these presents ap-\\npointed, or hereafter from time to time to be elected and appointed in\\nmanner aforesaid, shall have, take or receive, directly or indirectly, any\\nsalary, fee, perquisite, benefit or profit whatsoever, for or by reason of his\\nor their serving the said corporation, or common council of the said\\ncorporation, or president, chairman, or common council man, or as\\nbeing a member of the said corporation. And our will and pleasure is,\\nthat the said herein before appointed president, chairman or common\\ncouncil men, before he and they act respectively as such, shall severally\\ntake an oath for the faithful and due execution of their trust, to be\\nadministered to the president by the Chief Baron of our Court of\\nExchequer, for the time being, and by the president of the said\\ncorporation to the rest of the common council, who are hereby\\nauthorized severally and respectively to administer the same. And\\nour will and pleasure is, that all and every person and persons shall\\nhave, in his or their own name or names, or in the name or names of\\nany person or persons in trust for him or them, or for his or their\\nbenefit, any office, place or employment of profit, under the said cor-\\nporation, shall be incapable of being elected a member of the said\\ncorporation and if any member of the said corporation, during such\\ntime as he shall continue a member thereof, shall in his own name,\\nor in the name of any person or persons in trust for him, or for his\\nbenefit, have, hold, exercise, accept, possess or enjoy any office, place\\nor employment of profit under the said corporation, or under the\\ncommon council of the said corporation, such member shall from the\\ntime of his having, holding, exercising, accepting, possessing and\\nenjoying such office, place and employment of profit, cease to be a\\nmember of the said corporation. And we do, for us, our heirs and", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "6 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nsuccessors, grant unto the said corporation, that they and their\\nsuccessors, or the major part of such of them as shall be present\\nat any meeting of the said corporation, convened and assembled\\nfor that purpose by a convenient notice thereof, shall have power\\nfrom time to time and at all times hereafter, to authorize and\\nappoint such persons as they shall think fit, to take subscriptions,\\nand to gather and collect such moneys as shall be by any person or\\npersons contributed for the purposes aforesaid, and shall and may\\nrevoke and make void such authorities and appointments as often as\\nthey shall see cause so to do. And we do hereby, for us, our heirs\\nand successors, ordain and direct, that the said corporation every year\\nlay an account in writing before the chancellor or speaker, or com-\\nmissioners for the custody of the great seal of Great Britain, of us,\\nour heirs and successors, the Chief Justice of the Court of King s\\nBench, the Master of Rolls, the Chief Justice of the Court of Com-\\nmon Pleas, and the Chief Baron of the Exchequer, of us, our heirs\\nand successors, for the time being, or any tw r o of them, of all moneys\\nand effects by them received or expended for carrying on the good\\npurposes aforesaid. And we do hereby, for us, our heirs and succes-\\nsors, give and grant unto the said corporation and their successors,\\nfull power and authority to constitute, ordain and make such and so\\nmany by-laws, constitutions, orders and ordinances, as to them or the\\ngreater part of them, at their general meeting for that purpose, shall\\nseem necessary and convenient for the well ordering and governing\\nof the said corporation, and the said by-laws, constitutions, orders and\\nordinances, or any of them, to alter and annul as they or the major\\npart of them then present shall see requisite and in and by such by-\\nlaws, rules, orders and ordinances, to set, impose and inflict reasona-\\nble pains and penalties upon any offender or offenders w r ho shall\\ntransgress, break or violate the said by-laws, constitutions, orders and\\nordinances, so made as aforesaid, and to mitigate the same as they or\\nthe major part of them then present shall think convenient which\\nsaid pains and penalties shall and may be levied, sued for, taken,\\nretained and recovered by the said corporation and their successors,\\nby their officers and servants from time to time to be appointed for\\nthat purpose, by action of debt, or by any other lawful ways or means,\\nto the use and behoof of the said corporation and their successors\\nall and singular which by-laws, constitutions, orders and ordinances,\\nso as aforesaid to be made, we will shall be duly observed and kept,\\nunder the pains and penalties therein to be contained, so always, as\\nthe said by-laws, constitutions, orders and ordinances, pains and\\npenalties, from time to time to be made and imposed, be reasonable,\\nand not contrary or repugnant to the laws or statutes of this our\\nrealm and that such by-laws, constitutions and ordinances, pains\\nand penalties, from time to time to be made and imposed and any\\nrepeal or alteration thereof, or any of them, be likewise agreed to, be\\nestablished and confirmed by the said general meeting of the said\\ncorporation, to be held and kept next after the same shall be respect-\\nively made. And whereas the said corporation intend to settle a", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "CHARTER OF THE COLONY. 7\\ncolony, and to make an habitation and plantation in that part of our\\nprovince of South Carolina, in America, herein after described; know\\nye, that we, greatly desiring the happy success of the said corporation,\\nfor their further encouragement in accomplishing so excellent a work,\\nhave, of our foresaid grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion,\\ngiven and granted, and by these presents, for us, our heirs and suc-\\ncessors, do give and grant to the said corporation and their successors,\\nunder the reservation, limitation and declaration hereafter expressed,\\nseven undivided parts, the whole in eight equal parts to be divided,\\nof all those lands, countries and territories situate, lying and being in\\nthat part of South Carolina, in America, which lies from the most\\nnorthern part of a stream or river there, commonly called the Savan-\\nnah, all along the sea coast to the southward, unto the most southern\\nstream of a certain other great water or river called the Alatamaha,\\nand westerly from the heads of the said rivers respectively, in direct\\nlines to the South Seas and all that share, circuit and precinct of\\nland within the said boundaries, with the islands on the sea lying\\nopposite to the eastern coast of the said lands, within twenty leagues\\nof the same, which are not inhabited already, or settled by any\\nauthority derived from the crown of Great Britain, together with all\\nthe soils, grounds, havens, ports, gulfs and bays, mines, as well royal\\nmines of gold and silver as other minerals, precious stones, quarries,\\nwoods, rivers, waters, fishings, as well royal fishings of whale and\\nsturgeon as other fishings, pearls, commodities, jurisdictions, royal-\\nties, franchises, privileges and pre-eminences within the said fron-\\ntiers and precincts thereof, and thereunto in any sort belonging or\\nappertaining, and which we by our letter patents may or can grant\\nand in as ample manner and sort as we may, or any of our royal\\nprogenitors have hitherto granted to any company, body, politic 01\\ncorporate, or to any adventurer or adventurers, undertaker or underta-\\nkers, of any discoveries, plantations or traffic, of, in, or unto any foreign\\nparts whatsoever, and in as legal and ample manner as if the same\\nwere herein particularly mentioned and expressed: To have, hold\\npossess and enjoy the said seven undivided parts, the whole into\\neight equal parts to be divided as aforesaid, of all and singular the\\nlands, countries and territories, with all and singular other the premises\\nherein before by these presents granted or mentioned, or intended to\\nbe granted to them the said corporation and their successors, for ever,\\nfor the better support of the said colony to be holden of us, our\\nheirs and successors, as of our honour of Hampton Court, in our county\\nof Middlesex, in free and common soccage, and not in capite yield-\\ning and paying therefor to us, our heirs and successors, yearly for ever,\\nthe sum of four shillings for every hundred acres of the said lands\\nwhich the said corporation shall grant, demise, plant, or settle the\\nsaid payment not to commence or to be made until ten years after\\nsuch grant, demise, planting or settling, and to be answered and paid\\nto us, our heirs and successors, in such manner, and in such species\\nof money or notes as shall be current in payment by proclamation,\\nfrom time to time in our said province of South Carolina all which", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "8 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nlands, countries, territories and premises hereby granted, or mentioned\\nand intended to be granted, we do, by these presents, make, erect and\\ncreate, one independent and separate province, by the name of Georgia,\\nby which name, we will, the same henceforth be called and that all\\nand every person or persons who shall at any time hereafter inhabit\\nor reside within our said province, shall be and hereby are declared\\nto be free, and shall not be subject to or be bound to obey any laws,\\norders, statutes, or constitutions which have been heretofore made,\\nordered, and enacted, or which hereafter shall be made, ordered or\\nenacted by, for, or as the laws, orders, statutes or constitutions of our\\nsaid province of South Carolina (save and except only the command\\nin chief of the militia of our said province of Georgia, to our gover-\\nnor for the time being, of South Carolina, in manner hereafter\\ndeclared) but shall be subject to and bound to obey such laws, orders,\\nstatutes and constitutions as shall from time to time be made, ordered,\\nand enacted, for the better government of the said province of Geor-\\ngia, in the manner herein after declared. And we do hereby, for us,\\nour heirs and successors, ordain, w 7 ill and establish, that for and dur-\\ning the term of tw T enty-one years, to commence from the date of\\nthese our letters patent, the said corporation assembled for that pur-\\npose, shall and may form and prepare laws, statutes and ordinances,\\nfit and necessary for and concerning the government of the said colo-\\nny, and not repugnant to the laws and statutes of England, and the\\nsame shall and may present, under their common seal, to us, our\\nheirs and successors, in our or their privy council, for our or their\\napprobation or disallowance and the said laws, statutes and ordi-\\nnances, being approved of by us, our heirs and successors, in our or\\ntheir privy council, shall from thenceforth be in full force and virtue\\nwithin our said province of Georgia. And forasmuch as the good and\\nprosperous success of the said colony cannot but chiefly depend, next\\nunder the blessing of God and the support of our royal authority, upon\\nthe provident and good direction of the whole enterprise; and that it\\nwill be too great a burthen upon all the members of the said corpora-\\ntion, to be convened so often as may be requisite to hold meetings for\\nthe settling, supporting, ordering and maintaining the said colony:\\ntherefore we do will, ordain, and establish, that the said common\\ncouncil for the time being, of the said corporation, being assembled\\nfor that purpose, or the major part of them, shall from time to time\\nand at all times hereafter, have full power and authority to dispose of,\\nextend, and apply all the moneys and effects belonging to the said\\ncorporation, in such manner and ways, and by such expenses as they\\nshall think best to conduce to the carrying on and effecting the good\\npurposes herein mentioned and intended: and also, shall have full\\npower, in the name and on the account of the said corporation, and\\nwith and under their common seal, to enter under any covenants or\\ncontracts for carrying on and effecting the purposes aforesaid. And\\nour further will and pleasure is, that the said common council for the\\ntime being, or the major part of such common council which shall\\nbe present and assembled for that purpose, from time to time, and at", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "CHARTER OF THE COLONY. 9\\nall times hereafter, shall and may nominate, constitute and appoint a\\ntreasurer or treasurers, secretary or secretaries, and such other offi-\\ncers, ministers and servants of the said corporation, as to them or the\\nmajor part of them as shall be present shall seem proper or requisite\\nfor the good management of their affairs and at their will and plea-\\nsure to displace, remove, and put out such treasurer or treasurers,\\nsecretary or secretaries, and all such other officers, ministers and ser-\\nvants, as often as they shall think fit so to do, and others in the room,\\noffice, place or station of him or them so displaced, removed or put\\nout, to nominate, constitute and appoint and shall and may deter-\\nmine and appoint such reasonable salaries, perquisites and other re-\\nwards for their labour, or service of such officers, servants and persons,\\nas to the said common council shall seem meet and all such officers,\\nservants and persons shall, before the acting their respective offices,\\ntake an oath, to be to them administered by the chairman for the time\\nbeing of the said common council of the said corporation, who is\\nhereby authorized to administer the same, for the faithful and due\\nexecution of their respective offices and places. And our will and\\npleasure is, that all such person and persons who shall from time\\nto time be chosen or appointed treasurer or treasurers, secretary or\\nsecretaries of the said corporation, in manner herein after directed, shall,\\nduring such times as they shall serve in the said offices respectively,\\nbe incapable of being a member of the said corporation. And we do\\nfurther, of our special grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, for\\nus, our heirs and successors, grant, by these presents, to the said cor-\\nporation and their successors, that it shall be lawful for them and\\ntheir officers or agents, at all times hereafter, to transport and convey\\nout of our realm of Great Britain, or any other of our dominions, into\\nthe said province of Georgia, to be there settled, so many of our lov-\\ning subjects, or any foreigners that are willing to become our subjects\\nand live under our allegiance in the said colony, as shall be willing to\\ngo to inhabit or reside there, with sufficient shipping, armor, weapons,\\npowder, shot, ordnance, munition, victuals, merchandise and wares,\\nas are esteemed by the wild people, clothing, implements, furniture,\\ncattle, horses, mares, and all other things necessary for the said\\ncolony, and for the use and defence, and trade with the people there,\\nand in passing and returning to and from the same. Also we do, for\\nourselves and successors, declare, by these presents, that all and\\nevery the persons wdiich shall happen to be born within the said pro-\\nvince, and every of their children and posterity, shall have and enjoy\\nall liberties, franchises and immunities of free denizens and natural\\nborn subjects, within any of our dominions, to all intents and pur-\\nposes, as if abiding and born within this our kingdom of Great Bri-\\ntain, or any other dominion. And for the greater ease and encour-\\nagement of our loving subjects, and such others as shall come to\\ninhabit in our said colony, we do, by these presents, for us, our heirs\\nand successors, grant, establish and ordain, that for ever, hereafter,\\nthere shall be a liberty of conscience allowed in the worship of God,\\nto all persons inhabiting, or which shall inhabit or be resident within", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "10 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nour said province, and that all such persons, except papists, shall\\nhave a free exercise of religion; so they be contented with the\\nquid and peaceable enjoyment of the same, not giving- offence or\\nscandal to the government. And our further will and pleasure is,\\nand we do hereby, for us, our heirs and successors, declare and grant,\\nthat it shall and may be lawful for the said common council, or the\\nmajor part of them, assembled for that purpose, in the name of the\\ncorporation, and under the common seal, to distribute, convey, assign,\\nand set over such particular portions of lands, tenements and heredi-\\ntaments by these presents granted to the said corporation, unto such\\nof our loving subjects naturally born or denizens, or others, that shall\\nbe willing to become our subjects, and live under our allegiance in\\nthe said colony, upon such terms, and for such estates, and upon such\\nrents, reservations and conditions as the same may be lawfully granted,\\nand as to the said common council, or the major part of them so\\npresent, shall seem fit and proper. Provided always, that no grants\\nshall be made of any part of the said lands unto any person being a\\nmember of the said corporation, or to any other person in trust for the\\nbenefit of any member of the said corporation and that no person\\nhaving any estate or interest in law or equity in any part of the said\\nlands, shall be capable of being a member of the said corporation,\\nduring the continuance of such estate or interest. Provided also,\\nthat no greater quantity of lands be granted, either entirely or in\\nparcels, to or for the use or in trust for any one person than five hun-\\ndred acres and that all grants made contrary to the true intent and\\nmeaning hereof, shall be absolutely null and void. And we do hereby\\ngrant and ordain, that such person or persons for the time being, as\\nshall be thereunto appointed by the said corporation, shall and may\\nat all times, and from time to time hereafter, have full power and\\nauthority to administer and give the oaths appointed by an act of par-\\nliament made in the first year of the reign of our late royal father, to\\nbe taken instead of the oaths of allegiance and supremacy and also\\nthe oath of abjuration, to all and every person and persons which\\nshall at any time be inhabiting or residing within our said colony\\nand in like cases to administer the solemn affirmation to any of the\\npersons commonly called quakers, in such manner as by the laws of\\nour realm of Great Britain the same may be administered. And we\\ndo, of our further grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, grant,\\nestablish and ordain, for us, our heirs and successors, that the said\\ncorporation and their successors, shall have full power and authority\\nfor and during the term of twenty-one years, to commence from the\\ndate of these our letters patent, to erect and constitute judicatories and\\ncourts of record, or other courts, to be held in the name of us, our\\nheirs and successors, for the hearing and determining of all manner\\nof crimes, offences, pleas, processes, plaints, actions, matters, causes,\\nand things whatsoever, arising or happening within the said province\\nof Georgia or between persons of Georgia whether the same be\\ncriminal or civil, and whether the said crimes be capital or not capi-\\ntal, and whether the said pleas be real, personal or mixed and for", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "CHARTER OF THE COLONY. 11\\nawarding and making out executions thereupon to which courts and\\njudicatories, we do hereby, for us, our heirs and successors, give\\nand grant full power and authority, from time to time, to administer\\noaths for the discovery of truth, in any matter in controversy or\\ndepending before them, or the solemn affirmation to any of the persons\\ncommonly called Quakers, in such manner as by the laws of our\\nrealm of Great Britain the same may be administered. And our fur-\\nther will and pleasure is, that the said corporation and their succes-\\nsors, do from time to time and at all times hereafter, register or cause\\nto be registered all such leases, grants, plantings, conveyances, set-\\ntlements and improvements whatsoever, as shall at any time hereafter\\nbe made by or in the name of the said corporation, of any lands,\\ntenements or hereditaments within the said province, and shall yearly\\nsend and transmit, or cause to be sent or transmitted, authentic\\naccounts of such leases, grants, conveyances, settlements and im-\\nprovements respectively, unto the auditor of the plantations for the\\ntime being, or his deputy, and also to our surveyor for the time\\nbeing of our said province of South Carolina, to whom we do hereby\\ngrant full power and authority from time to time, as often as need\\nshall require, to inspect and survey such of the said lands and pre-\\nmises as shall be demised, granted and settled as aforesaid, which\\nsaid survey and inspection we do hereby declare to be intended to\\nascertain the quit-rents, which shall from time to time become due to\\nus, our heirs and successors, according to the reservations herein\\nbefore mentioned, and for no other purposes whatsoever; hereby, for\\nus, our heirs and successors; strictly enjoining and commanding, that\\nneither our or their surveyor, or any person whatsoever, under the\\npretext and colour of making the said survey or inspection, shall take,\\ndemand or receive any gratuity, fee or reward, of or from any person\\nor persons inhabiting in the said colony, or from the said corporation\\nor common council of the same, on the pain of forfeiture of the said\\noffice or offices, and incurring our highest displeasure. Provided\\nalways, and our further will and pleasure is, that all leases, grants\\nand conveyances to be made by or in the name of the said corporation,\\nof any lands within the said province, or a memorial containing the\\nsubstance and effect thereof, shall be registered with the auditor of\\nthe said plantations, of us, our heirs and successors, within the space\\nof one year, to be computed from the date thereof, otherwise the\\nsame shall be void. And our further will and pleasure is, that the\\nrents, issues, and all other profits which shall at any time hereafter\\ncome to the said corporation, or the major part of them which shall\\nbe present at any meeting for that purpose assembled, shall think will\\nmost improve and enlarge the said colony, and best answer the good\\npurposes herein before mentioned, and for defraying all other charges\\nabout the same. And our will and pleasure is, that the said corporation\\nand their successors, shall from time to time give in to one of the principal\\nsecretaries of state and to the commissioners of trade and plantations, ac-\\ncounts of the progresses of the said colony. And our will and pleasure-\\nis, that no act done at any meeting of the said common council of the", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "12 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nsaid corporation, shall be effectual and valid, unless eight members\\nat least of the said common council, including- the member who shall\\nserve as chairman at the said meeting, be present, and the major part\\nof them consenting thereunto. And our will and pleasure is, that the\\ncommon council of the said corporation for the time being, or the\\nmajor part of them who shall be present, being assembled for that\\npurpose, shall from time to time, for and during and unto the full end\\nand expiration of twenty-one years, to commence from the date of\\nthese our letters patent, have full power and authority to nominate,\\nmake, constitute, commission, ordain and appoint, by such name or\\nnames, style or styles, as to them shall seem meet and fitting, all and\\nsingular such governors, judges, magistrates, ministers and officers,\\ncivil and military, both by sea and land, within the said districts, as\\nshall by them be thought fit and needful to be made or used for the\\nsaid government of the said colony save always and except such\\nofficers only as shall by us, our heirs and successors, be from time to\\ntime constituted and appointed, for the managing, collecting and\\nreceiving such revenues as shall from time to time arise within the said\\nprovince of Georgia, and become due to us, our heirs and successors.\\nProvided always, and it is our will and pleasure, that every governor\\nof the said province of Georgia, to be appointed by the common\\ncouncil of the said corporation, before he shall enter upon or execute\\nthe said office of Governor, shall be approved by us, our heirs or\\nsuccessors, and shall take such oaths and shall qualify himself in such\\nmanner in all respects, as any governor or commander in chief of any\\nof our colonies or plantations in America are by law required to do\\nand shall give good and sufficient security for observing the several\\nacts of Parliament relating to trade and navigation, and to observe\\nand obey all instructions that shall be sent to him by us, our heirs\\nand successors, or any acting under our or their authority, pursuant\\nto the said acts, or any of them. And we do, by these presents, for\\nus, our heirs and successors, will, grant and ordain, that the said cor-\\nporation and their successors, shall have full power for and during\\nand until the full end and term of twenty-one years, to commence\\nfrom the date of these our letters patent, by any commander or other\\nofficer or officers by them for that purpose from time to time appointed,\\nto train, instruct, exercise and govern a militia for the special defence\\nand safety of our said colony, to assemble in martial array the inhab-\\nitants of the said colony, and to lead and conduct them, and with them\\nto encounter, expulse, repel, resist and pursue, by force of arms, as\\nwell by sea as by land, within or without the limits of our said colony\\nand also to kill, slay and destroy, and conquer by all fitting ways,\\nenterprises and means whatsoever, all and every such person or per-\\nsons as shall at any time hereafter, in any hostile manner, attempt or\\nenterprise the destruction, invasion, detriment or annoyance of our\\nsaid colony and to use and exercise the martial law in time of actual\\nwar and invasion or rebellion, in such cases where by law the same\\nmay be used or exercised and also from time to time to erect forts\\nand fortify any place or places within our said colony, and the same", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "CHARTER OF THE COLONY. 13\\nto furnish with all necessary ammunition, provisions and stores of\\nwar, for offence and defence, and to commit from time to time the\\ncustody or government of the same to such person or persons as to\\nthem shall seem meet and the said forts and fortifications to demo-\\nlish at their pleasure and to take and surprise, by all ways and\\nmeans, all and every such person or persons, with their ships, arms,\\nammunition and other goods, as shall in an hostile manner invade or\\nattempt the invading, conquering or annoying of our said colony.\\nAnd our will and pleasure is, and we do hereby, for us, our heirs and\\nsuccessors, declare and grant, that the governor and commander in\\nchief of the province of South Carolina, of us, our heirs and succes-\\nsors for the time being, shall at all times hereafter have the chief\\ncommand of the militia of our said province, hereby erected and\\nestablished and that such militia shall observe and obey all orders\\nand directions that shall from time to time be given or sent them by\\nthe said governor or commander in chief, anything in these presents\\nbefore contained to the contrary hereof in any wise notwithstanding.\\nAnd, of our more special grace, certain knowledge and mere motion,\\nwe have given and granted, and by these presents, for us, our heirs\\nand successors, do give and grant unto the said corporation and their\\nsuccessors, full power and authority to import and export their goods\\nat and from any port or ports that shall be appointed by us, our heirs\\nand successors, within the said province of Georgia for that purpose,\\nwithout being obliged to touch at any other port in South Carolina.\\nAnd we do, by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, will and\\ndeclare, that from and after the determination of the said term of one\\nandtwenty years, such form of government and method of makinglaws,\\nstatutes and ordinances, for the better governing and ordering the said\\nprovince of Georgia, and the inhabitants thereof, shall be established\\nand observed within the same, as we, our heirs and successors, shall\\nhereafter ordain and appoint, and shall be agreeable to law and that\\nfrom and after the determination of the said term of one and twenty\\nyears, the governor of our said province of Georgia, and all officers, civil\\nand military, within the same, shall from time to time be nominated\\nand constituted and appointed by us, our heirs and successors. And\\nlastly, we do hereby, for us, our heirs and successors, grant unto the\\nsaid corporation and their successors, that these our letters patent,\\nor the enrollments or exemplification thereof, shall be in and by all\\nthings, good, firm, valid, sufficient and effectual in the Law, according\\nto the true intent and meaning thereof, and shall be taken, construed\\nand adjudged in all courts and elsewhere, in the most favourable and\\nbeneficial sense, and for the best advantage of the said corporation and\\ntheir successors, any omission, imperfection, defect, matter or cause\\nor thing whatsoever to the contrar) in any wise notwithstanding. In\\nwitness we have caused these our letters to be made patent. Witness\\nourself at Westminster, the ninth day of June, in the fifth year of our\\nreign.\\nBy writ of privy seal.\\nCOOKS.", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "14 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nEXTRACTS FROM THE MINUTES OF THE TRUSTERS.\\nThe compiler has examined the Minutes of the Trustees for the\\nEstablishment of the Colony of Georgia, and made the following\\nextracts\\nPalace Court. Old Palace Yard,\\nWestminster, July 20, 1732.\\nThe Lord Viscount Percival, being met by Thomas Tower, James Vernon\\nGeorge Heathcote, James Oglethorpe, Robert Hucks, Wm. Belitha. Robert\\nMore, Esqrs., Arthur Beaford, Samuel Smith, Clerks; Capt. Thomas Coram,\\nand Adam Anderson, Gent., in pursuance to the following- summons, issued by\\nhis lordship to them, and all other the trustees for establishing the Colony of Georgia\\nin America, viz\\nSir, His Majesty having been graciously pleased by his charter bearing date 9th\\nJune, 1732, to appoint you to be one of the Common Council, and one of the\\ntrustees for establishing the colony of Georgia, in America and by same charter\\nI am enjoined to cause summons to be issued to the several trustees therein par-\\nticularly named, to meet at such time and place as I shall appoint, to consult\\nabout and transact the business of the said corporation. In obedience to the\\ninjunction of the charter, I therefore summon you to meet the rest of the trustees,\\nat their office in Palace Court, old palace yard, at four of the Clock, in the after-\\nnoon on the 20 July, 1732. to transact the business of the said corporation.\\nHis Lordship produced the following certificate\\nJuly 7, 1732. These are to certify, that the right Hon. the Lord Viscount\\nPercival, of the kingdom of Ireland, came this day before me, and took the follow-\\ning oath, as President of the trustees, for establishing the colony of Georgia, in\\nAmerica\\nI do swear that I will, well and truly, execute the office of President of the\\ntrustees for establishing the colony of Georgia, in America, to the best of my skill\\nand knowledge. So help me God.\\nIn witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand.\\nHis Lordship then proceeded to administer the said oath, the word President-\\nbeing only changed for that of Common Councilman, to Thomas Tower. James\\nVernon, George Heathcote, James Oglethorpe, Robert Hucks, Wm. Belitha, and\\nRobert More, Esqs., being common councilmen of the said corporation.\\nLetters were produced to the trustees, from divers noblemen and gentlemen,\\nand also from the corporation of Liverpool, testifying their desire to forward this\\ndesign, and to accept of commissions for collecting benefactions for that\\npurpose.\\nOrdered That the thanks of the trustees be returned, and that Commissions for\\nthe said persons be prepared, in pursuance to their desire.\\nWm. Furry, the Leader, and Wm. Binmong, the Minister, and others, the elders\\nof the Swiss Congregation, intending to build a town to be called by the name\\nof Purrisburg, on the northern side of the Savannah river, in South Carolina, came and\\nthanked the trustees for the protection they had already afforded them, and to\\ndesire that a good correspondence and friendship might be maintained between\\nthem, and such colonies as the said trustees should settle, in the Province of\\nGeorgia.\\nThe trustees gave them thirteen guineas, for the relief of the sick, and child-\\nbearing women in their passage, beinsr the private benefaction of Mr. George\\nHeathcote, and Mr. Belitha, for that purpose.\\nHis Lordship being President, this first meeting adjourned to Thurgday, July\\n27, 1732.", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "EXTRACTS FROM THE MINUTES OF THE TRUSTEES. 15\\nJuly 27. At this meeting a book of by-laws was ordered, and the Charter to\\nbe wrote in the beginning of it. Mr. Vernon reported that the petition of the\\ntrustees had been received by his Majesty, and a proposal was drawn up to trans-\\nport a number of the Saltzburghers exiles.\\nAugust 3, 1732. Gen. Oglethorpe reported the names of many persons desi-\\nrous of encouraging the colony.\\nAug. 10, 1732. Committee, viz: Oglethorpe, Heathcote, Tower, More, Hucks,\\nLaroche and Vernon, to propose laws for the regulation of the Colony.\\nAugust 31, 1732. Jacob Winckler, Theobald Keiffer, Ludwig Roel, and other\\nGerman Swiss, being laborers and vine dressers, attended and received from\\nLord Carpenter and Mr. Oglethorpe three guineas towards furnishing them with\\ntools they, with their families, being the first Germans that are to establish the\\ntown of Purrisburgh.\\nSeptember 21, 1732. Received a receipt from the bank for \u00c2\u00a3252, benefaction\\nfrom the Bank of England.\\nNovember, 2, 1732. Seal fixed to a grant for erecting a Court of Judicature\\nin Savannah.\\nNovember 8, 1732. Benefactions acknowledged. Dr. Henry Herbert offered\\nto go to Georgia, without any assistance, to perform all religious services.\\nAccepted.\\nNov. 16, 1732. On board the frigate Ann. Capt. Thomas, mustered the passen-\\ngers on board; and computed the height of them to 91 heads.\\nNov. 23, 1732. Read copies of letters from Horatio Walpole, Esq., to his depu-\\nties from the Duke of Newcastle, to the Governors of South Carolina, Virginia,\\nMaryland, Pennsylvania, New-York, New-England, Barbadoes, c, for their\\nassistance to Mr. Oglethorpe, on his voyage. A common seal to be affixed to\\na power of attorney, to James Oglethorpe, to appoint such commander or other\\nofficer or officers, as he may think proper, to train and exercise the militia in\\nGeorgia.\\nDec. 14, 1732. Names of persons to be sent to Georgia, to be printed in one of\\nthe public papers, once a fortnight, before their embarkation.\\nDec. 21, 1732. Mr. Quincy attended, with a recommendation to go over as\\na missionary to Georgia.\\nJan. 10, 1732-3. Mr. Abercrombie, Attorney-General of South Carolina, deliv-\\nered in claims of people in South Carolina, to lands said to be run out by them on\\nthe south side of the Savannah River. He is informed that trustees were disposed\\nto act justly to all persons, but that this affair could not receive immediate\\nattention.\\nJan. 17, 1732-3. A letter to be wrote to Sir Thomas Lambe, desiring his opinion\\nof raising silk in Georgia.\\nFebruary 21, 1732-3. Received from Lady Osborn, \u00c2\u00a350 towards building a\\nchurch in Georgia.\\nFebruary 28, 1732-3. A letter read from Mr. Oglethorpe, giving an account\\nof his safe arrival at Charlestown, and the health of the colony, having lost in\\nthe passage but one person, a child aged eight months.\\nApril 11, 1733. Names of all those who go to Georgia paying their own ex-\\npenses, shall be published in one of the newspapers.\\n_ April 18, 1733. Received by the hands of the Rev. Mr. Samuel Wesley, a\\nsilver chalice and patine for the use of the first church in Savannah, the gift of\\nan unknown benefactor.", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "16 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nApril 30, 1733. A petition to the House of Commons for a supply was read,\\nand approved of.\\nAugust 11, 1733. Read a letter of attorney for receiving of the treasury\\n\u00c2\u00a31 0,000 granted by Parliament.\\nRead a letter from Mr. Oglethorpe, with an account of the death of several\\npersons in Georgia, which he imputed to the drinking of rum. Resolved, that\\nthe drinking of rum in Georgia be absolutely prohibited, and that all which\\nshall be brought there be staved.\\nJuly 17, 1734. Wrote a letter to Sir Robert Walpole to know when the In-\\ndians may be introduced to his Majesty, and to desire him to obtain an order for\\nthe King s coaches for them, and a sentry to preserve them from the insults of\\nthe mob.\\nAugust 14, 1734. Mr. John Tuck well promised to give a clock to the first\\nchurch in Savannah. A scheme for raising a large sum of money for settling\\nGeorgia was received from Mr. Thomas Lowndes, and referred.\\nOct. 16, 1734. Read an indenture for binding William Ewen* as servant to\\nthe trustees for two years. That 50 acres of land be given to the said William\\nEwen when his time is out.\\nJan. 15. 1735. Read a letter from Mr. Joseph Richardson, with an offer of a\\ncouple of Swans for the Indians, and a couple of drums for the use of the Regi-\\nment.\\nMarch 26, 1735. Received a large Church Clock and Dyal plate for Savan-\\nnah, the gift of Mr. Tuckwell.\\nMay 5, 1735. One thousand cwt. of copper farthings to be sent to Georgia.\\nJuly 2, 1735. Received from the Bank a receipt for \u00c2\u00a320,000, granted by Par-\\nliament.\\nSept. 24, 1735. Read an appointment of Charles Wesley, A. M., to be Secre-\\ntary for the Indian affairs in Georgia.\\nSept. 26, 1735. A new town in Georgia to be laid out. to be called Frederica.\\nOcto. 10, 1735. John Wesley appointed Missionary at Savannah.\\nDec. 10, 1735. Plato s works, Greek and Latin, and his Republique, (French,)\\nto be bought for the use of the mission in Georgia.\\nApril 4, 1737. A law was read against the use of gold and silver, in apparel\\nand furniture, in Georgia, and for preventing extravagance and luxury.\\nJuly 6th, 1737. Received a Receipt from the Bank of England, for twenty\\nthousand pounds, received by the Accountant at the Exchequer, (being so much\\ngranted the last session of Parliament, for the further securing and settling the\\ncolony of Georgia,) and paid in by him this day to the Bank.\\nJuly 27, 1737. Received a benefaction of a person who desired to be unknown.\\nof a Seal for the Town Court of Savannah, with an Engine or press. c, value\\n\u00c2\u00a32 5s. Town Courts of Savannah and Frederica to be courts of law for trying\\noffences against the act for preventing the importation and use of rum.\\nNov. 9, 1737. Received from Major William Cook 16 different sorts of vine\\ncuttings from France, for the use of the Colony.\\nDec. 7, 1737. Several letters were read from Mr. Williamson at Savannah,\\ncomplaining of the Rev. John Wesley having refused the Sacrament to his wife,\\nMrs. Sophia Williamson, with affidavit of latter thereupon, and two presentments\\nof the Grand Jury of the Rev. John Wesley for said refusal, and for several other\\nfacts laid to his charge.\\nThis gentleman afterwards became Governor of Georgia.", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "EXTRACTS FROM THE MINUTES OF THE TRUSTEES. 17\\nOrdered: That copies of said letters and affidavit be sent over to the Rev. Mr.\\nJohn Wesley, desiring him to return his answers to the same as soon as possible\\nand that a letter be sent to Mr. Williamson to acquaint him of said copies being\\nsent to Mr. Wesley, and that, if he has anything new to lay before the Trus-\\ntees, he should show it first to Mr. Wesley, and then send it over to them and that\\nthe Trustees think he should not have made his application to the world, by ad-\\nvertising his complaints, before he had acquainted the Trustees with them.\\nDec. 21, 1737. Read an instruction from the King, appointing that in the\\nmorning and evening prayers in the Litany, as well as in the occasional offices,\\nin the Book of Common Prayer, where the Royal Family is appointed to be par-\\nticularly prayed for, the following Form and Order Their Royal Highnesses\\nFrederic Prince of Wales, the Princess of Wales, the Duke, the Princess, and\\nall the Royal Family, be forthwith published in all the parish churches and\\nother places of Divine worship in the Colony of Georgia, and that obedience be\\npaid thereto accordingly.\\nOrdered: That a License be made out for the Rev. Mr. George White field to\\nperform Ecclesiastical offices in Georgia, as a deacon in the Church of England.\\nFeb. 22, 1737-8. Rev. John Wesley delivered a narrative relating to the com-\\nplaints of Mrs. Williamson and three certificates signed by three persons.\\nApril 26, 1738. Rev. John Wesley left the appointment of him by Trustees to\\nperform religious services in Georgia. The authority granted him ordered to be\\nrevoked.\\nMay 3, 1738. Committee of Correspondence ordered to prepare an act to\\nenable the Trustees to appoint Commissioners for the more effectual execution\\nin a summary way, of the act to prevent the importation and use of rum and\\nbrandies in Georgia.\\nMay 19, 1738. The seal of the Corporation, in pursuance of the orders of the\\nCommon Council, was affixed to the following deeds and papers, viz.\\nA Lease and Release, dated May 16 and 17, 1738, for three thousand acres of\\nland, to the Bailiffs in Frederica, in trust for granting five acres to each soldier\\nand non-commissioned officer of Col. Oglethorpe s Regiment.\\nAnother, for three thousand acres to the Bailiffs in Savannah, in trust for\\ngranting fifty acre lots to men being Protestants of twenty-one years of age and\\nupwards, who shall arrive in Georgia within three years from the date.\\nJany. 24, 1738-9. Several letters read from Gen. Oglethorpe and Thomas\\nJones relating to matters in Georgia. A petition read from the old freeholders\\nin Frederica, asking for a supply, by way of loan, of bread kind, provisions and seeds.\\nMarch 15, 1738-9. A committee appointed to prepare a law of entail for Georgia.\\nMay 16, 1739. Received a bottle of Salitrum seeds, being a remedy for the\\nbloody flux, for the use ofthe Colony. R.ead a commission to the Rev. George White-\\nfield to perform all religious and ecclesiastical offices at Savannah, in Georgia.\\nJune 2, 1739. Sealed a grant of five hundred acres of land to the Rev. George\\nWhitefield, in trust for the use of the house to be erected and maintained for\\nthe receiving such children as now are, and shall hereafter be, left orphans in\\nthe colony of Georgia, in pursuance of the direction of the Common Council held\\nthe 30th ot last month.\\nJune 27, 1739. That the seal of the corporation be affixed to the trustees-\\nanswer to the Representation from Savannah, of the 9th of December. 1738^ for\\naltering the Tenure of Lands, and introducing Negroes in Georgia.\\nJuly 11, 1739. Received a receipt from the Bank, for \u00c2\u00a320,000, paid in by the\\naccomptant, being so much received by him at the Exchequer the 9th insfc, out\\nof the supplies for the year 1739.\\nJany. 16, 1739-40. Lieut. Delegal, Capt. Dymond, and Mr. Aspourger. asked\\n2", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "IS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nby the trustees their opinion about the climate of Georgia, declared they\\nthought it very healthy, and that in the hottest weather there are fine breezes in\\nthe middle of the day. As to the goodness of the soil, i: there was a great quantity\\nof good land, called mixt land. Lieut. Delegal said, that the white Mulberry\\ntree grows wild, as well as the black. Capt. Dymond said, that no vegetable\\nthrives faster in any part of the world, than the Mulberry tree in Georgia. Mr.\\nAspourger said, that he had seen the family of Camuse winding silk. Captain\\nDempsey said, that the wild vines grow abundantly in Georgia; that the grapes\\nare very sweet and that these vines are capable of great improvement by engraft-\\nment. Mr. Robert Millar, botanist, said that he believed Indigo would grow very\\nwell in Georgia, and that it may be sown and raised in four months in Georgia,\\nwhereas in most other places the climates are not proper for it above three months.\\nCapt. Dymond being questioned about Cotton, declared that it thrives very well\\nin Georgia that he has brought home with him very good pods of it and that\\nit was planted on the Island of St. Simon, by Mr. Horton.\\nCapt. Dymond, Lieut. Delegal, and Mr. Aspourger, declared that they had all\\nseen the prickly pear shrub in Georgia, and the Cochineal Fly upon it, That\\nthere are great numbers of those trees, which grow wild in the southern part of\\nthe Province and that the islands are full of them. That they have taken the\\nfly between their fingers, and though green upon the tree, it dyes the fingers, (if\\nsqueezed,) with a deep red colour. Lieut. Delegal said, the dye of it could not\\neasily be washed off with soap.\\nCapt. Dymond being asked by the trustees about the timber in the Province,\\nsaid that he had seen very good and fit for masts, and that Captain Gascoigne s\\ncarpenter told him there was timber fit for masts for the largest men-of-war.\\nThat the timber grows very high at some distance up in the country. That the\\ntrees grow very near rivers, which are navigable, and down which they may be\\nfloated. Lieut. Delegal said, that the trees for masts are very tall, twenty miles up in\\nthe country from St. Simons. Capt. Shubrick said, that he had seen very fine\\nknee timber growing near the sea. Capts. Dymond and Shubrick declared that\\nthe sea coast of Georgia is capable and secure for navigation, as any coast in the\\nworld.\\nCapt. Mapey told the trustees, that since the establishment of Georgia, the price\\nof lands has been greatly raised in Carolina, and the plantations there increased.\\nThat Georgia is a fine barrier for the Northern Provinces, and especially for\\nCarolina and is also a great security against the running away of Negroes from\\nCarolina to Augustine because every negro, at his first appearance in Georgia,\\nmust be immediately known to be a runaway, since there are no Negroes in\\nGeorgia.\\nApril 15, 1741. Each County in Georgia to be under one President and four\\nassistants. Thomas Stephens appointed President over the County of Savannah.\\nMarch 3, 1741-2. Received from the Custom House, a, chest of silk, imported\\nfrom Georgia, with the following attestation We whose names are underwritten,\\ndo hereby attest and certify, that the raw silk, contained in the chest herewith\\nsent^ was in our presence put into the same chest, by Mary, wife of Lewis Cam-\\nuse, after having been first weighed, which amounted to 45 pounds, two ounces,\\navoirdupois weight that is to say, eight pounds, part thereof, had been mauufac-\\ntered and wound off by her in the town of Savannah, in the year 1740; and 37\\npounds, two ounces, the remaining part thereof, had been in like manner wound\\noff by her the present year, 1741. And we do further attest and certify, that 220\\npounds, 14 ounces weight of Cocoons or silk balls were raised in Savannah, in\\nGeorgia, (the silk worms being fed with the Mulberry leaves growing in said\\ncounty,) and had been delivered to Mrs. Camuse, since April last, in order to\\nenable her to carry on the said manufacture, as she has done, this present year.\\nDated at Savannah, in Georgia, this the 10th day of Sept. 1741.\\nWilliam Stephens, Seer.\\nWilliam Russel, Thomas Jones,\\nFran. Harris, ^ceomptants. Bailiff of Savannah.", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "EXTRACTS FROM THE MINUTES OF THE TRUSTEES. 19\\nJuly 14th, 1742. Read an ant to repeal so much of an act made in the eighth\\nyear of the reign of his present Majesty, entitled an Act to prevent the impor-\\ntation and use of Rum and Brandies, in the Province of Georgia; as prohibits the\\nimportation of Rum into the said Province from the other British Colonies.\\nOrdered That an Instruction be sent to William Stephens, Esq., that he do\\nmake an inquiry among the people of the Province, whether it is their opinion\\nin general that it is proper to admit the use and introduction of Negroes in the\\nsaid Province and that he do, as soon as he can, certify their opinion, and his\\nown, how far it may be proper under any, and under what limitations and\\nrestrictions.\\nResolved, That a Committee be appointed to consider how far it may be con-\\nvenient or proper to admit the introduction and use of Negroes in the Province\\nof Georgia, and under what limitations and restrictions.\\nJuly 15, 1742. Read a paper from Mr. Joseph Avery, stating that he had dis-\\ncovered a large river called the Great Ogeechee, and that it would be of great\\nservice to the British nation to have a dock-yard and settlements upon the said\\nriver, c.\\nJuly 26, 1742. Read a petition of Christian Steinharell, Theobald Keifer, and\\nothers, in behalf of the German servants in Savannah, setting forth that by\\nindenture, they bound themselves to serve the Trustees in Georgia for five years\\nafter their arrival there, and that their children who were males, and under the\\nage of 20, were to serve until they arrived at the age of 25, and their female\\nchildren, who were above the age of 6, were to serve until they arrived at the\\nage of 18 j and as the time of the petitioners Indentures with the Trustees, as to\\nthemselves, is growing near to a conclusion, and they are desirous and willing\\nto settle in Georgia, having procured already a small stock of cattle for that pur-\\npose, they must unavoidably labor under great difficulties by being deprived of\\nthe freedom of their children, without whose assistance it will be impossible for\\nthem to make any progress in cultivating of land, being most of them advanced\\nin years; and therefore praying the Trustees to grant them the freedom of their\\nchildren, at the expiration of the five years for which the petitioners are bound.\\nThat we recommend to the Common Council to grant the Petitioners the\\nfreedom of their children at the expiration of the five years, as they desire.\\nAugust 7, 1742. Resolved, That it is recommended to the Common Council to\\ngive Mrs. Camuse a gratuity for every person who shall be certified to be pro-\\nperly instructed by her in the art of winding of siik.\\nDec. 21, 1742. An act was read to repeal so much of an act to prevent the\\nimportation and use of rum and brandies in Georgia, and also for suppressing\\nthe odious and loathsome sin of drunkenness.\\nJany. 16, 1743-4. A letter was read giving an account of a Silver mine dis-\\ncovered in the nation of Cherokee Indians, and of the proceedings of the Governor\\nand Assembly of South Carolina relating thereto, and of persons applying by peti-\\ntion to the King for a grant of the lands where the mine is, and their having pur-\\nchased the said lands of the Indians, and that the said mine is southward of\\nseveral branches of the river Savannah also, an abstract of a letter from Mr.\\nRobert Williams relating to the said mine. Gen. Oglethorpe laid before trustees\\nthe copy of a petition from the Assembly of South Carolina to the King, trans-\\nmitted to Mr. Oglethorpe from the committee of said Assembly, relating to the\\nsaid mine, and setting forth that the Agriculture of the said Province, and\\nthe Plantations, must suffer greatly by the inhabitants resorting to the said\\nmine.\\nThe clause in the charter wherein the King grants to the Trustees all mines\\nin the Colony of Georgia, as well Royal as others, was then read.\\nOrdered: That the Secretary do enter at the proper offices, in the name of the\\nTrustees, a caveat against any grant being made of the said mine to any par-\\nticular persons, before the Trustees are heard thereupon.", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "20 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nJune 15, 1744. Read a petition to the Kins, that whereas James Maxwell and\\nCornelius Docherty have petitioned his majesty that they had purchased of the\\nCherokees a tract of land 8 miles long and 6 miles wide, and that they had dis-\\ncovered appearances of iron, tin, lead and copper, with a mixture of silver in the\\nsaid tract, and therefore praying to grant the said lands to them\\nThe Trustees do therefore humbly represent to his Majesty, that the said mines\\nare described to be in the midst of the Cherokee nation, and being to the South-\\nward of one or more branches of the River Savannah, and within the limits of\\nthe Territories granted by his Majesty s Royal Charter to the Trustees, by which\\nall mines, as well Royal Mines of Gold and Silver, or others, are granted to the\\nTrustees.\\nBut, if the said mines should not be found to be within the Province of\\nGeorgia, the Trustees beg leave to represent to His Majesty how dangerous it\\nmay be to grant Royal Mines to private persons, who, by being so far distant\\nfrom the seat of Government, in either of the Provinces of South Carolina, may,\\nby their disorderly behaviour, occasion great quarrels and disturbances between\\nhis Majesty s subjects and the Indians, and thereby give an inlet to the French,\\nwhich may be attended with consequences very fatal to both Provinces,\\nespecially at a time when his Majesty is engaged in a war with France.\\nAnd, therefore, the Trustees do humbly pray that no such Grant may be\\nmade, or that they may be heard before the granting of the same.\\nDec. 17, 1744. Resolved, That the civil government for the Province of Georgia\\nis vested in the Trustees by his Majesty s Royal Charter, in consequence of which\\nthey appointed Courts of Judicature at Savannah and Frederica, and appointed\\nthree Bailiffs and a Recorder for each Court, before whom all manner of crimes,\\noffences, pleas, processes, plaints, actions, matter, causes and things whatsoever,\\nare to be tried according to the Laws and customs of the Realm of\\nEngland, and of the Laws enacted for said Province.\\nResolved, Nemiac contradicenie, That no Military Officer, as such, ought,\\nor hath any right, to interfere in any civil matters whatsoever, recognisable\\nwithin the Courts of Judicature already established, or that shall hereafter be\\nestablished, by the Trustees in the Province of Georgia.\\nMarch 19, 1749-50. Henry Parker appointed Vice President of the Colony\\nof Georgia.\\nJan. 8, 1752. Trustees resolve, that on account of their total inability to\\ndefray the civil government thereof, from Lady Day, 1751, to furnish the troops\\nstationed in Georgia with provisions, or to give any encouragement for the pro-\\nduce of raw silk without a further supply, resolved to make an absolute surrender\\nof all the rights, powers, and trusts vested in them by the Royal Charter, dated\\n9th June, 1732..", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "MARY MUSGROVE AND THOMAS BOSOMWORTH. 21\\nMARY MUSGROVE AND THOMAS BOSOMWORTH.\\nAt Yamacraw, the Indian name of the bluff which Oglethorpe in\\n1733 had selected as the site of his town, he found among the Indians\\na woman named Mary, who could speak both the English and Creek\\nlanguages. The history of this woman is highly interesting, and for\\nthe information of our readers we have spared no pains in collecting\\nfacts connected with her history, from different sources, but princi-\\npally from the Colonial documents copied in Europe by the Rev. C.\\nWallace Howard, now of Cass County.\\nMary was born at the Coweta town, on the Ocmulgee, the chief\\ntown of the Creek Indians. By the maternal line, she was descended\\nfrom the sister of the old emperor of the Creek nations. Her Indian\\nname was Consaponakeeso. When seven years of age she was brought\\nby her father from the Indian nation to Pomponne, now Ponpon, in\\nSouth Carolina, and there baptised, educated, and instructed in the\\nprinciples of Christianity. In 1716, Col. John Musgrove was sent\\nby the government of South Carolina to form, if possible, a treaty of\\nalliance with the Creeks. John Musgrove, Jr., the son of the Colonel,\\naccompanied his father on this mission, became acquainted with Mary,\\nand married her.\\nIn 1723, she with her husband returned to Souih Carolina, and\\nabout 1732, Mr. Musgrove established a trading house on Yamacraw\\nbluff, the present site of the city of Savannah. When Oglethorpe\\narrived, one of his first efforts was to conciliate the Indians, and dis-\\ncovering the influence which Mary had over them, he purchased her\\nfriendship with presents. About three years afterwards, her husband\\ndied, and, at the request of General Oglethorpe, she established a\\ntrading-house on the south side of the Alatamaha. Here she mar-\\nried Capt. Jacob Matthews. In 1742, Capt. Matthews died. She\\nafterwards married Rev. Thomas Bosomworth, a clergyman of the\\nChurch of England, who at that time was in the employ of the Society\\nfor the Propagation of Christian Knowledge. It is not our business to\\nsay what were the motives which induced the Rev. Gentleman to\\nform this alliance, but it is fair to presume, from the great change\\nwhich took place in his wife s feelings towards the colony, and indeed\\nin her whole general character from the time of her marriage, that he\\nmust have been the chief instrument in producing this change. The\\nyear after his marriage he went to England, and wrote to the Trus-\\ntees that he did not intend to return to Georgia but after an absence\\nof two years he did return, and commenced a line of conduct which\\nfor years kept the colony in a state of commotion. His object was\\ntwofold first, to obtain compensation for his wife s services and\\nsecondly, to obtain the possession of the islands of Ossaba, Sapelo, and\\nSt. Catherines, and a tract above Pipemaker s Creek, which had been\\nreserved to the Indians in their former treaties. He engaged in his\\ninterests Major William Horton, the commander of Oglethorpe s\\nregiment at Frederica, and other officers. Col. Heron, who arrived", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "22 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nin 1747 to take command of the regiment, was also gained over to\\nthe interests of the Bosomworths, and by his arrangements a body of\\nIndians, with Malatchee at their head, came to Frederica to have a\\nconference with the commander. This chief delivered a speech, in\\nwhich he reviewed the services of Mary, desired that Abraham\\nBosomvvorth should be sent to England to tell the King that he was\\nEmperor of the Creeks, and declared that Mary, his sister, was con-\\nfided in by the whole nation, who had resolved to abide by her deter-\\nminations. To Malatchee, Bosomworth suggested the importance\\nof having himself crowned by those who were with him and accord-\\ningly a paper was drawn up, vesting Malatchee with the authority\\nsuggested by Bosomworth. After this, Bosomworth obtained from\\nMalatchee a deed of conveyance to Thomas and Mary Bosomworth\\nof the islands of Ossaba, Sapelo, and St. Catherines, for and in con-\\nsideration of 10 pieces of stroud, 12 pieces of duffles, 200 cwt. of\\npowder, 200 pounds of lead, 20 guns, 12 pair of pistols, 100 pounds of\\nvermilion.\\nTo stock these islands, Mr. Bosomworth had purchased, on credit,\\nfrom planters in Carolina, a large quantity of cattle but his stock not\\nproving so productive as he anticipated, he found himself entangled in\\ndebt. To extricate himself, he encouraged his wife to assume the\\ntitle of an independent Empress. A meeting of the Creeks was\\nsummoned, to wnom she made a speech, in which she insisted upon\\nthe justice of her pretensions. The Indians became excited, and\\npledged themselves to stand by her to the last drop of their blood.\\nWhat follows, the compiler is indebted to a work published in Lon-\\ndon, 1779, by the Rev. Dr. Hewitt.*\\nIn consequence of which, Mary, with a large body of savages at her back, set\\nout for Savannah to demand a formal surrender of them from the President of the\\nProvince. A messenger was despatched beforehand to acquaint him that Mary\\nhad assumed her right of sovereignty over the whole territories of the upper and\\nlower Creeks, and to demand that all land belonging to them be instantly re-\\nlinquished, for as she was the hereditary and rightful Queen of both nations, and\\ncould command every man of them to follow her, in case of refusal she had deter-\\nmined to extirpate the settlement.!\\nThe president and council, alarmed at her high pretensions and bold threats,\\nand sensible of her great power and influence with the savages, were not a little\\nembarrassed what steps to take for the public safety. They determined to use soft\\nand healing measures until an opportunity might offer of privately laying hold of\\nher. and shipping her off to England. But in the mean time orders were sent to all\\nthe captains of the militia to hold themselves in readiness to march to Savannah at\\nan hour s warning.\\nThe town was put in the best posture of defence, but the whole militia in it\\namounted to no more than one hundred and seventy men able to bear arms. A\\nmessenger was sent to Mary at the head of the Creeks, while several miles distant\\nfrom town, to know whether she was serious in such wild pretensions, and to try\\nto persuade her to dismiss her followers and drop her audacious design. But find-\\ning her indexible and resolute, the president resolved to put on a bold countenance,\\nand receive the savages with firmness and resolution. The militia was ordered\\nThe whole of this work has been published in the Historical Collections of South\\nCarolina, by Mr. Carroll.\\nt William Stephens.", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "MARY MUSGROVE AND THOMAS BOSOMWORTH. 23\\nunder arms, to overawe them, as much as possible and as the Indians entered the\\ntown, Gapt. Jones, at the head of his company of horse, stopped them, and deman-\\nded whether they came with hostile or friendly intentions But receiving no sa-\\ntisfactory answer, he told them they must there ground their arms, for he had or-\\nders not to suffer a man of them armed to set his foot within the town. The sava-\\nges with great reluctance submitted, and accordingly Thomas Bosomworth, in his\\ncanonical robes, with his queen by his side, followed by the various chiefs accord-\\ning to their rank, marched into town, making a formidable appearance all the in-\\nhabitants being struck with terror at the sight of the fierce and mighty host.\\nWhen they advanced to the parade, they found the militia drawn up under arms to\\nreceive them, who saluted them with fifteen cannon and conducted them to the\\npresident s house. There Thomas and Adam Bosomworth being ordered to with-\\ndraw, the Indian chiefs, in a friendly manner, were called upon to declare their in-\\ntention of visiting the town in so large a body without being sent for by any per-\\nson in lawful authority.\\nThe warriors, as they had been previously instructed, answered, that Mary was to\\nspeak for them, and they would abide by her words.\\nThey had heard they said that she was to be sent like a captive over the great\\nwaters, and they were come to know on what account they were to lose their queen.\\nThey assured the president they intended no harm, and begged their arms might\\nbe restored; and after consulting with Bosomworth and his wife, they would re-\\nturn and settle all public affairs. To please them their muskets were accordingly\\ngiven back, but strict orders were issued to allow them no ammunition until the\\ncouncil should see more clearly into their dark designs.\\nOn the day following the Indians having had some private conferences with their\\nqueen, began to be very surly, and to run in a mad and tumultuous manner up and\\ndown the streets, seemingly bent on mischief. All the men being obliged to mount\\nguard, the women were terrified to remain by themselves in their houses, expect-\\ning every moment to be murdered or scalped. During this confusion a false ru-\\nmour was spread, that they had cut off the president s head with a tomahawk,\\nwhich so exasperated the inhabitants, that it was with difficulty the officers could\\nprevent them from firing on the savages. To save a town from destruction never\\nwas greater prudence requisite. Orders were given to the militia to lay hold of\\nBosomworth and carry him out of the way into close confinement. Upon which\\nMary became outrageous and frantic, and insolently threatened vengeance against\\nthe magistrates and the whole colony. She ordered every man of them to depart\\nfrom her territories, and at their peril to refuse. She cursed General Oglethorpe\\nand his fraudulent treaties, and furiously stamping with her feet upon the ground,\\nswore by her Maker, that the whole earth on which she trode was her own. To\\nprevent bribery, which she knew to have great weight with her warriors, she kept\\nthe leading men constantly in her eye, and would not suffer them to speak a word\\nrespecting public affairs, but in her presence.\\nThe president finding that no peaceable agreement could be made with the In-\\ndians while under the baleful eye and influence of their pretended queen, private-\\nly laid hold of her, and put her under confinement with her husband. This step\\nwas necessary before any terms of negotiation could be proposed. Having secu-\\nred the chief promoters of the conspiracy, he then employed men acquainted with\\nthe Indian tongue to entertain the warriors in the most friendly and hospitable\\nmanner, and explained to them the wicked designs of Bosomworth and his wife.\\nAccordingly a feast was prepared for all the chief leaders, at which they were in-\\nformed that Mr. Bosomworth had involved himself in a debt, and wanted not only\\ntheir lands, but also a large share of their royal bounty, to satisfy his creditors in\\nCarolina that the king s presents were intended only for the Indians on account\\nof their useful services, and firm attachment to him during the former wars; that\\nthe lands adjoining the town were reserved for them to encamp upon when they\\nshould come to visit their beloved friends at Savannah, and the three maritime is-\\nlands to hunt upon, when they should come to bathe in the salt waters; that nei-\\nther Mary nor her husband had any right to those lands, which were the common\\nproperty of the Creek nations that the great king had ordered the president to\\ndefend their right to them, and expected that all his subjects, both white and red,", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "24 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nwould live together like brethren in short, that he would suffer no man or woman\\nto molest or injure them; and had ordered these words to be left on record, that their\\nchildren might know them when they were dead and gone.\\nSuch policy produced the desired effect, and many of the chieftains, being\\nconvinced that Bosomworth had deceived them, declared they would trust him\\nno more. Even Malatchee, the leader of the lower Creeks, and a relation to\\ntheir pretended Empress, seemed satisfied, and was not a little pleased to hear\\nthat the great king had sent them some valuable presents. Being asked why\\nhe acknowledged Mary as the Empress of the great nation of Creeks, and re-\\nsigned his power and possessions to a despicable old woman, while all Georgia\\nowned him as chief of the nation, and the president and council were now to\\ngive him many rich clothes and medals for his services, he replied, that the\\nwhole nation acknowledged her as their queen, and none could distribute the\\nroyal presents but one of her family. The president, by this answer, perceiving\\nmore clearly the design of the family of Bosomworth to lessen their influence\\nand show the Indians that he had power to divide the royal bounty among the\\nchiefs, determined to do it immediately, and dismiss them, on account of the\\ngrowing expenses to the colony, and the hardships the inhabitants underwent in\\nkeeping guard night and day tor the defence of the town.\\nIn the mean time Malatchee, whom the Indians compared to the wind, be-\\ncause of his fickle and variable temper, having at his own request obtained\\naccess to Bosomworth and his wife, was again seduced and drawn over to sup-\\nport their chimerical claim.\\nWhile the Indians were gathered together to receive their respective shares\\nof the royal bounty, he stood up in the midst of them, and with a frowning coun-\\ntenance and in violent agitation of spirit, delivered a speech fraught with the\\nmost dangerous insinuations. He protested that Mary possessed that country\\nbefore General Oglethorpe, and that all of the lands belonged to her, as queen\\nand head of the Creeks that it was by her permission Englishmen were at first\\nallowed to set their foot on them that they still held them of her, as the original\\nproprietor that her words were the voice of the whole nation, consisting of above\\nthree thousand warriors, and at her command every one of them would take up\\nthe hatchet in defence of her right; and then, pulling a paper out of his pocket,\\nhe delivered it to the president, in confirmation of what he had said.\\nThis was evidently the production of Bosomworth, and served to discover in\\nthe plainest manner his ambitious views and wicked intrigues. The preamble\\nwas filled with the names of Indians called kings of all the towns of the upper\\nand lower Creeks, none of whom, however, were present, excepting two. The\\nsubstance of it corresponded with Malatchee s speech, styling Mary the rightful\\nprincess and chief of their nation, descended in a maternal line from the empe-\\nror, and invested with full power and authority from them to settle, and finally\\ndetermine all public affairs and causes, relating to lands and other things, with\\nKing George and his beloved men on both sides of the sea; and whatever should\\nbe said or done by her they would abide by, as if said or done by themselves.\\nAfter reading this paper in council, the whole board was struck with astonish-\\nment, and Malatchee, perceiving their uneasiness, begged to have it again, de-\\nclaring he did not know it to be a bad talk, and promising he would return it\\nimmediately to the person from whom he had received it. To remove all im-\\npression made upon the minds of the Indians by Malatchee s speech, and con-\\nvince them of the deceitful and dangerous tendency of this confederacy, into\\nwhich Bosomworth and his wife had betrayed them, had now become a matter\\nof the highest consequence. Happy was it for the province that this was a thing\\nneither difficult nor impracticable; for, as ignorant savages are easily misled, on\\nthe one hand, so, on the other, it was equally easy to convince them of their\\nerror.\\nAccordingly, having gathered the Indians together for this purpose, the presi-\\ndent addressed them to the following effect: Friends and Brothers! When\\nMr. Oglethorpe and his people first arrived in Georgia, they found Mary, then\\nthe wife of John Musgrove, living in a small hut atYamacraw, having a license\\nfrom the governor of South Carolina to trade with the Indians. She then appeared", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "MARY MITSGROVE AND THOMAS BOSOMWORTH. 25\\nto be in a poor, ragged condition, and was neglected and despised by the Creeks.\\nBut Mr. Oglethorpe, finding that she could speak both the English and Creek\\nlanguages, employed her as an interpreter, richly clothed her, and made her the\\nwoman of consequence she now appears. The people of Georgia always re-\\nspected her until she married Thomas Bosomworth, but from that time she has\\nproved a liar and a deceiver. In fact, she was no relation of Malatchee, but the\\ndaughter of an Indian woman of no note, by a white man. General Oglethorpe\\ndid not treat with her for the lands of Georgia she having none of her own\\nbut with the old and wise leaders of the Creek nation, who voluntarily surren-\\ndered their territories to the king.\\nThe Indians at that time having much waste land that was useless to them-\\nselves, parted with a share of it to their friends, and were glad that white people\\nhad settled among them to supply their wants. He told them that the present\\nbad humour of the Creeks had been artfully infused into them by Mary, at the\\ninstigation of her husband, who owed \u00c2\u00a3400 in Carolina, for cattle; that he de-\\nmanded a third part of the royal bounty, in order to rob the naked Indians of their\\nriofit that he had quarrelled with the president and council of Georgia, for\\nrefusing to answer his exorbitant demands, and therefore had filled the heads of\\nthe Indians with wild fancies and groundless jealousies, in order to breed mis-\\nchief, and to induce them to break their alliance with their best friends, who alone\\nwere able to supply their wants, and defend them against all their enemies.\\nHere the Indians desired him to stop, and put an end to the contest, declaring\\nthat their eyes were now opened, and they saw through his insidious designs\\nbut though he intended to break the chain of friendship, they were determined to\\nhold it fast, and therefore begged that all might immediately smoke the pipe of\\npeace. Accordingly pipes and rum were brought, and the whole congress join-\\ning hand in hand, drank and smoked together^in friendship, every one wishing\\nthat their hearts might be united in like manner as their hands. Then all the\\nroyal presents, except ammunition, with which it was judged imprudent to trust\\nthem, until they were at some distance from town, were brought and distributed\\namong them. The most disaffected were purchased with the largest presents.\\nEven Malatchee himself seemed fully contented with his share and the savages\\nin general, perceiving the poverty and insignificancy of the family of Bosom-\\nworth, and their total inability to supply their wants, determined to break ofl all\\nconnection with them for ever.\\nWhile the president and council flattered themselves that all differences were\\namicably compromised, and were rejoicing in the re-establishment of their former\\nfriendly intercourse with the Creeks, Mary, drunk with liquor and disappointed\\nin her views, came rushing in among them like a fury, and told the president\\nthat these were her people, that he had no business with them, and he should\\nsoon be convinced of it to his cost. The president calmly advised her to keep to\\nher lodgings, and forbear to poison the minds of the Indians, otherwise he would\\norder her a^ain into close confinement; upon which, turning to Malatchee in great\\nrage, she told him what the president had said, who instantly starting from his\\nseat, laid hold of his arms, and then calling upon the rest to follow his example, dared\\nany man to touch the queen. The whole house was filled in a moment with\\ntumult and uproar. Every Indian having his tomahawk in his hand, the presi-\\ndent and council expected nothing but instant death.\\nDuring this confusion, Capt Jones, who commanded the guard, very seasonably\\ninterposed, and ordered the Indians immediately to deliver up their arms. Such\\ncourage was not only necessary to overawe them, but, at the same time, great\\nprudence was necessary to avoid coming to extremities with them. With reluc\\ntance the Indians submitted, and Mary was conveyed to a private room,\\nwhere a guard was set over her, and all further intercourse with the\\nsavages denied her, during their stay in Savannah. Then her husband was\\nsent for, in order to reason with him, and convince him of the folly of his chime-\\nrical pretensions, and of the dangerous consequences that might result from per-\\nsisting in them. But no sooner did he appear before the president and council,\\nthan he began to abuse them to their face. In spite of every argument used to\\npersuade him to submission, he remained obstinate and contumacious, and pro-", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "26 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\ntested he would stand forth in vindication of his wife s right to the last extremity,\\nand that the province of Georgia should soon feel the weight of her vengeance.\\nFinding that fair means were fruitless and ineffectual, the council then determined\\nto remove him also out of the way of the savages, and to humble him by force.\\nAfter having secured the two leaders, it only then remained to persuade the\\nIndians peaceably to leave the town, and return to their settlements.\\nC;i]it. Ellick, a young warrior, who had distinguished himself in discovering to\\nhis tribe the base intrigues of Bosomworth, being afraid to accompany Malatchee\\nami his followers, thought fit to set out among the first the rest followed him in\\ndifferent parties and the inhabitants, wearied out with constant watching, and\\nharassed with frequent alarms, were at length happily relieved.\\nBy this time Adam Bosomworth, another brother of the family, who was agent\\nfor Indian Affairs in Carolina, had arrived from that province, and being made\\nacquainted with what had happened in Georgia, was filled with shame and in-\\ndignation. He found his ambitious brother, not contented with the common al-\\nlowance of land granted by the crown, aspiring after sovereignty, and attempting\\nto obtain by force one of the largest landed estates in the world. His plot was\\nartfully contrived, and had it been executed with equal courage, fatal must the\\nconsequences have been. Had he taken possession of the provincial magazine,\\non his arrival at Savannah, and supplied the Creeks with ammunition, the militia\\nmust soon have been overpowered, and every family must of course have fallen\\na sacrifice to the indiscriminate vengeance of the savages.\\nHappily by the interposition of his brother, all differences were peacefully\\ncompromised.\\nThomas Bosomworth at length having returned to sober reflection, began to\\nrepent of his folly, and to ask pardon of the magistrates and people. He wrote\\nto the president, acquainting him that he was now deeply sensible of his duty as\\na subject, and of the respect he owed to civil authority, and could no longer\\njustify the conduct of his wife but hoped that her present remorse, and past ser-\\nvices to the province, would entirely blot out the remembrance of her unguarded\\nexpressions and rash design. He appealed to the letters of General Oglethorpe\\nfor her former irreproachable conduct and steady friendship to the settlement, and\\nhoped her good behaviour for the future would atone for her past offences, and\\nreinstate her in the public favour. For his own part, he acknowledged her title\\nto be groundless, and for ever relinquished all claims to the lands of the prov-\\nince. The colonists generously forgave and forgot all that had passed; and\\npublic tranquillity being re-established, new settlers applied for lands as usual,\\nwithout meeting any more obstacles from the idle claims of Indian queens and\\nchieftains.\\nA STATEMENT OF MRS. BOSOMWORTH S CASE,\\nHumbly addressed to His Excellency, Henry Ellis, Esq., Captain-General and Gover-\\nnor in Chief of his Majesty s Province of Georgia, and Vice- Admiral of the same\\nsetting forth her services performed, losses sustained, and moneys advanced for his\\nMajesty s service, with her claims and demands upon the Government*\\nThat before the charter for establishing the colony of Georgia, Mrs. Bosom-\\nworth, with her family, was settled on the river Savannah, a small space where\\nthe town of Savannah now stands had large credits from merchants in Charles\\nTown, South Carolina, and carried on a considerable trade with the Indians,\\nwhereby she had already made very large remittances in skins, and was, more-\\nover, possessed of a very good cow-pen and plantation upon the same river.\\nThat Mr. Oglethorpe s arrival with the first adventurers to settle a colony\\nunder the aforesaid charter, gave great uneasiness to the Indians then upon the\\nspot, who threatened to take up arms against them nor would they have per-\\nmitted Mr. Oglethorpe and his people a quiet possession, (as they looked upon\\nColonial Documents.", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "MRS. BOSOMWORTH S CASE. 27\\nthe white people s settling to the southward of Savannah river contrary to the\\ntreaty of peace entered into between the Indians and the government of South\\nCarolina, after the Indian war in the year 1715,) had not the governor and\\ncouncil wrote to Mrs. Bosomworth, by Mr. Oglethorpe, to use the utmost of\\nher interest with the Indians for that purpose, and to give the new settlers all\\nthe aid and assistance their necessities might require. In compliance with the\\nrequest contained in that letter, and from motives of regard to the British\\ninterest, Mrs. Bosomworth, by her influence, quieted the Indians, allayed all\\nanimosity, obtained a present asylum for the adventurers, and in about the space\\nof twelve months, by her steady adherence and good offices, settled and pro-\\ncured to be ratified a treaty between the Indians and Mr. Oglethorpe, in behalf\\nof the trustees, for establishing that colony.\\nThat, by the trade she then carried on with the Indians, there was no impedi-\\nment to her soon raising considerable interest yet Mrs. Bosomworth could not,\\nunmoved, see a colony, scarce began, left to the miserections of the Spaniards and\\ntheir Indians, (the frequent and then late ravages of the frontiers of Carolina,)\\nand whose protection she well knew, in their defenceless situation, could only be\\nsecured by the friendship and alliance with the Creek Indians she, therefore,\\nupon promises of adequate rewards from the Government, induced the Indians,\\nwho were her hunters, and supplied her with skins most generally, to employ\\ntnemselves in expeditions for the public service.\\nThat, in the years 1737 and 1738, when Mr. Oglethorpe thought it expedient\\nto improve the southern part of the province, first, by a settlement on the Island\\nof St. Simons, and by another settlement of Scotch people at Darien, on the\\nAlatamaha river, the assistance of the Creek Indians then became of so much\\ngreater importance, as there were advices at that time that the Spaniards were\\nmaking preparations to dislodge the inhabitants of this new colony and the\\nmore still effectually to further the preservation and growth of the frontier settle-\\nments, Mrs. Bosomworth, at the earnest request of Gen. Oglethorpe, (buoyed up\\nby extensive promises and the large rewards so signal a service for the public\\nwelfare would merit.) settled a trading-house on the south side of the said river\\nAlatamaha, about 150 miles up the same river, by water, at a place called\\nMount Venture, the intention of which settlement was, that the Creek Indians\\nwho would be constantly with her there, might be an advanced guard to pre-\\nvent any incursions of the Spaniards or Indians in friendship with them, and be\\nalways more ready at hand when his Majesty s service required their assistance,\\nand which thoroughly answered the intentions of the public.\\nThat, after the declaration of war against Spain, the service of the Indians\\nwas so frequently required, that no benefit could possibly arise from any trade\\nwith them that might induce Mrs. Bosomworth to stay there nevertheless, so\\ngreat was her zeal, that without the least prospect of interest to herself, she was\\ndaily exposed at that settlement for the public service, in keeping the Indians\\nupon excursions, and sending for her friends and relations from the nation to go\\nto war whenever his Majesty s service required.\\nThat, at the time of Mr. Oglethorpe s first arrival, there being no house or\\nsettlement on the place except Mrs. Bosomworth s, at the request of Mr.\\nOglethorpe, she supplied the new settlers, and other persons employed on public\\nservices, in their greatest wants, not only with every thing her plantation and\\nstore afforded, but also with liquor and other necessaries purchased on her own\\ncredit from merchants in Charles Town, whereby she lost, in bad debts so con-\\ntracted and accumulated, the sum of \u00c2\u00a3826 sterling, as can be evidently proved\\nfrom the state of her books, and has been before, amongst other complaints, set\\nforth and humbly represented to the Government.\\nThat, by Mrs. Bosomworth s employing in his Majesty s service those Indians\\nwho used, by hunting, to supply her with skins, (the chief support of herself and\\nfamily,) her trade naturally decreased and went nearly to rum; a large party of\\nthem whom she prevailed on assisted his Majesty s arms, and went to the siege of\\nSt. Augustine, where many of them were killed, particularly her own brother\\nand other near relations. By this incident, she greatly suffered in the loss of", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "28 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nIndian debts, amounting to several thousand weight of leather, for which she\\nnever yet received any satisfaction, although promised it from time to time by\\nMr. Oglethorpe.\\nThat, from the time of settling the southern frontier aforementioned, Mr.\\nOglethorpe was continually sending for Mrs. Bosomworth on all affairs of any con-\\nsequence with the Indians, which exposed her to many dangers and hardships,\\nthe distance being great, and the convenience of passage being only in an open\\nboat, her own affairs and improvements and her lands neglected, and running\\nto ruin, being left entirely to the management of servants for months at a time.\\nThat, in the spring of 1739 and 1740, Mrs. Bosomworth had a large stock of\\ncattle at her cowpen on Savannah River but General Oglethorpe, hearing that\\nthe cowpen keeper was a very good woodsman, in the absence of Mrs. Bosom-\\nworth at the Alatamaha settlement, without her consent or knowledge, sent\\norders to the said cowpen keeper to go directly as a guide to a troop of Rangers\\nwho were sent by land to the siege of St. A ugustine, which orders he durst not\\ndisobey, though sensible of the loss it would be to Mrs. Bosomworth s interest,\\nand, as it happened, the loss of his own life, he being killed at that expedition,\\nby which means all Mrs. Bosomworth s affairs at Savannah, stock of cattle, im-\\nprovements, c, which were very considerable, went entirely to ruin for which\\nlosses no satisfaction was ever made, although constantly and solemnly promised\\nto her.\\nThat, in the year 1742, Mrs. Bosomworth s then husband, Captain Matthews,\\nbeing taken sick at her settlement on the Alatamaha, she was obliged to bring\\nhim from thence, on occasion of proper sustenance and advice, to Savannah,\\nwhere he soon after died; her affairs on account of his death demanding her stay\\nin Savannah for some time. The Indians at the Alatamaha were very uneasy\\nand disgusted that she did not return, and. on that account, left the place. The\\nsmall garrison that were there being in great want of provisions and ammu-\\nnition, a party of Yamasee or Spanish Indians came upon them, and after com-\\nmitting several barbarous murders, totally burnt and destroyed the settlement,\\nand all Mrs. Bosomworth s effects became a pre) to the enemy which great\\nloss Gen. Oglethorpe promised her should be made up to her by the Govern-\\nment, he well knowing, in truth, that that settlement was calculated and made\\nfor the sole benefit of his Majesty s service, and the protection of the southern\\nboundary.\\nThat, in the year 1745, Mr. Bosomworth was at the expense of a voyage to Eng-\\nland, in order to claim the performance of the various promises from time to\\ntime for a series of years made, or otherwise to apply to the Government in\\nbehalf of his wife; and the public confusion at that time in England rendering\\nany private application to the Government unseasonable, he was obliged to\\nreturn to America only with an assurance from Gen. Oglethorpe, that as soon as\\nthe then disturbances were settled, Mrs. Bosomworth might depend upon his\\nhonour for full satisfaction for all her services, and that in the interim Mr. Bosom-\\nworth might draw upon him for any sum not exceeding \u00c2\u00a31000, as the exigency\\nof affairs might require.\\nThis is all the satisfaction Mr. Bosomworth obtained in consequence of that\\nvoyage, excepting a letter to the commanding officer then in Georgia, a copy\\nwhereof is annexed.\\nIn the year 1746, upon the faith of General Oglethorpe s promise, Mr. Bosom-\\nworth was induced to draw several bills of exchange upon him but the cloud he\\nwas at that time under, in respect to his conduct in the north, rendered him in-\\ncapable of paying any of them, as it appears by his letter dated Whitehall. July\\n16, 1746, so that the bills were all returned upon Mr. Bosomworth with the heavy\\ncharges of protest, amounting to \u00c2\u00a3600 or \u00c2\u00a3700 sterling, most of which remains\\nat this day unpaid.\\nThat Mr. Bosomworth, at his own great expense, in the year 1 746, made an-\\nother settlement on the Alatamaha, at the place called the Forks, about 300\\nmiles by water up the same river, built a very good dwelling-house, outhouses,\\na large store, and fortified the whole round against any attempts of enemy-In-", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "MRS. BOSOMWORTH S CASE. 29\\ndians, with an intent to carry on a considerable Indian trade, without knowing\\nof what consequence a former settlement on that river had been to the public\\nwelfare of Georgia, and upon the credit of his bills drawn on General Ogle-\\nthorpe, had received for that purpose a large cargo of Indian goods.\\nThat, upon the arrival of Col. Alexander Heron, in the year 1747, to take com-\\nmand of his Majesty s forces in Georgia, a general rupture with the Indians was\\nthought unavoidable. He, in his letter of the 8th of July of that year, applied to\\nMrs. Bosomworth, then settled at the Forks, to use her endeavours and influence\\nto reconcile matters among the Indians and in another letter, so soon after as\\nthe 20th of the same month, he informs her to supply that agent with such re-\\nquisites as the service demanded, and also to give the Indians with her then at\\nthe Forks (when lately arrived there from the nation) such presents as might\\npossibly appease them and secure their friendship.\\nAccordingly, at this critical juncture, at the earnest solicitation of the said\\nCol. Heron, Mrs. Bosomworth advanced for his Majesty s service sundry goods\\nout of her own private store to the amount of \u00c2\u00a3650 15s. 7^4d., as appears by a\\nparticular account thereof laid before the proper boards in England; when, for\\nreasons the commanding officer himself, in the aforementioned letter ol\\nthe 20th of July, and in others to Andrew Stone, Esq Deputy Secretary of State,\\nit would not have been in his power otherwise to prevent the dangerous conse-\\nquences of a rupture with the Indians.\\nThat no consideration whatever would have induced Mrs. Bosomworth at that\\ntime to strip her store of her Indian goods (upon which the fate of her trade ab-\\nsolutely depended), but a firm attachment to the welfare of the colony, and the\\nstrongest assurances from Col. Heron that those goods should be immediately\\nreplaced in her store at the Forks as soon as her conveniences could be got ready\\nfor sending them up the river, and that she also might depend on an adequate\\nreward for all the services done his Majesty. That Coi. Heron failing to perform\\nhis promise when the service was performed, on pretence there were no Indian\\ngoods in the public store, nor had he the credit to purchase any, obliged Mrs.\\nBosomworth entirely to abandon that valuable settlement and forego a most be-\\nneficial traffic with the Indians. Thus her store being exhausted of goods, and\\nno skins taken to make remittances for a fresh supply, the loss she thereby sus-\\ntained was not only in the goods advanced for his Majesty s service, but for the\\nbuildings, improvements, c. made at that settlement, and in the great advan-\\ntages that must have arisen from the trade there.\\nThat, upon the reduction of Gen. Oglethorpe s regiment, in the year 1749, the\\nmost pressing application was repeatedly made to Col. Heron to discharge Mrs.\\nBosomworth s account of disbursements (by his order) for his Majesty s service,\\nby the declension of which she had most grievously suffered; but all the satis-\\nfaction that could be obtained was, that he had advanced considerable sums on\\nhis own credit for the public service, had no funds to pay Mrs. Bosomworth, and\\nthat he knew of no redress for her sufferings but by going to England and ap-\\nplying to the Government for the payment of all damages and services.\\nThat Mrs. Bosomworth and her husband, having no hopes of obtaining satis-\\nfaction otherwise than by going to England and there soliciting redress, had\\ndetermined to embrace the opportunity of a voyage in the transport vessel sent\\nto carry home the disbanded officers and soldiers of the regiment but their af-\\nfairs being unhappily involved by having thus sacrificed their private interests\\nto the public welfare, the malice and instigation of some particular persons who\\nlooked upon themselves concerned to prevent Mr. and Mrs. Bosomworth s voy-\\nage to England, occasioned actions to be so fast brought against them by their\\ncreditors, that they continued prisoners, as it were, in the province, laboring un-\\nder every circumstance of distress, till May, 1752, at which time they arrived in\\nCharles Town, South Carolina, with intent immediately to proceed for England.\\nOn their arrival in Charles Town Mr. Bosomworth and his wife were prevailed\\nupon by the government of South Carolina to undertake an agency to the Creek\\nnation of Indians, which agency was not completed till the year 1754, at which\\ntime they went for England.", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "30 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OP GEORGIA.\\nThat, upon application in England for the reward of Mrs. Bosom worth s services\\nand demands on the Government, these services and demands were found to be\\nmisrepresented by the then late presidents and assistants of Georgia, so that all\\nthe satisfaction by this expensive voyage (in cost near \u00c2\u00a31,000 sterling) was a\\ncommission from the right Honorable the Lords Commissioners for Trade and Plan-\\ntations, directed to the Governor of Georgia, commanding him strictly to ex-\\namine into the truth of the charges and obligations of each party, and to report\\nto their Lordships Board his opinion upon the whole, which commission has long\\nsince been executed. That when Gen. Oglethorpe was called home in the year\\n1743, he sent for Mrs. Bosomworth, and then paid her \u00c2\u00a3180 in sola bills, which,\\nwith a \u00c2\u00a320 bill before received, made \u00c2\u00a3200 on delivering her those bills he gave\\nher a diamond ring from his finger, with acknowledgments that he would never\\nforget the service she had done him and the public, and that the sum he then\\npaid her was not intended for more than a year s service, and he hoped she would\\nbe pleased kindly to accept of it, as all then in his power to pay her (the credit\\nof his bills being stopped in England) repeatedly assuring her at parting, that as\\nsoon as his accounts were audited, and paid by the Government, she might draw\\nupon him for \u00c2\u00a32,000 sterling above mentioned.\\nFor demonstration of the faith of the facts herein set forth, the merit of Mrs.\\nBosomworth s past services rendered the crown, the losses thereby sustained, and\\nthe consequence of the present interest, she humbly refers to the annexed let-\\nters, and testimonials under the hand of every gentleman who has had the com-\\nmand of his Majesty s forces in Georgia since the first settlement of the colony;\\nand if higher proof is demanded, Mr. Bosomworth (and time being given him) has\\nit in his power to support some of the material parts of the case by living evi-\\ndence.\\nThat it was ever his Majesty s most gracious intention freely to reward his\\nmost faithful servants, a contrary supposition must be highly criminal. What a re-\\nward such a number of years of Mrs. Bosomworth s past life and advance of her\\nfortune in his Majesty s service, at the frequent hazard of her life, and manifest\\nneglect of her own affairs, even to ruin, may justly entitle her, will appear to\\nyour candid disquisition, and the whole humbly submitted to your most serious\\nconsideration.\\nBy your Excellencys,\\nVery obedient and most humble servant,\\nThos. Bosomworth.\\nSavannah, 23rd July, 1759.\\nGov. Ellis was authorized to dispose of the islands Ossaba and\\nSapelo, and other Indian lands near Savannah, at public auction,\\nthe same having been ceded to his Majesty by a deed from the head\\nmen of the Creek nation, the 22nd of April, 1758; and out of the\\nmoney arising therefrom, to discharge the demands of the Bosom-\\nworths, and to grant to them the Island of St. Catherines, in conside-\\nration of their having settled and improved it. The Indian lands\\nnear Savannah consisted of about 4,000 acres, and were, by President\\nStephens and assistants, allotted to several persons, who settled them,\\nand had continued to cultivate and improve them. These settlers\\napplied for his Majesty s grants, when the royal government was\\nestablished, but were prevented from obtaining them, partly by Mrs\\nBosomworth entering caveats against grants. After a hearing, it", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "MRS. BOSOMWORTH S CASE. 31\\nwas determined that Mrs. Bosomworth ought to be disbursed the sum\\nof \u00c2\u00a3450, for and on account of that value, in goods she had expended\\nfor his Majesty s service, in the years 1747 and 1748, and also that\\nshe should be allowed at the rate of \u00c2\u00a3100 per annum for 16^ years\\nfor her services as agent. These terms met the approbation of the\\nBosomworths. The islands were afterwards sold at auction. Ossaba\\nsold for \u00c2\u00a31350; Sapelo, \u00c2\u00a3700; which moneys were paid to the\\nBosomworths, and a grant of St. Catherines Island was made to\\nMrs. Bosomworth. Mr. Bosomworth took possession of the island,\\nupon Which he resided for several years. Upon the death of his wife,\\nMcCall says, he married her chambermaid. Twenty-five years\\nago, the mansion in which the Bosomworths resided was standing. It\\nwas singular in its construction and appearance, being wattled with\\nhickory twigs, and plastered within and without with mortar, made\\nof lime and sand, and surrounded by spacious piazzas. Tradition\\ndesignates the spot where the Bosomworths were buried.", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "32 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nNAMES OF ALL PERSONS\\nTo whom any Allotments of Land were, made by the Court of President and Assistants\\ninGcorgia, between the 21st of October, 1741, and the 4th of October, 1754.*\\n1741, Oct. 22. Henry Green, lot John Robe, lot; Samuel Lyon, 50 acres;\\nJohn Erinxman. 50 acres; James Anderson, 500 acres; Thomas Morris, lot.\\nDec.. 17. Samuel Clee, lot; Thos. Saltar, 500 acres; Jacob Harbach and wife,\\n100: Gaspar Harbach, 50 acres; Christian Burgemeister, 50 acres. Dec. 28.\\nHans Schad, 50 acres; Rudolph Burghee, 50 acres; Hans Slutz, 50 acres; Nicho-\\nlas Haner. 50 acres. Dec. 31. Hans Beltz, -50 acres; Ezekiel Stoll, 50 acres.\\nJan. 21. Leonard Reighter, 50 acres; Jacob Tanner, 50 acres; Joanes Turtle,\\n50 acres.\\n1742. Henrick Curnards, 50 acres. April 2. William Barbo, 50 acres. June\\n2. Thomas Dawson, town lot; William Clements, town lot. June 24. Thomas\\nPalmer, town lot. Oct. 21. Jeremiah Vallaton, town lot. Nov. 1. John Foun-\\nders, town lot. Jan. 29. George Uland, 50 acres Widow Croft, 50 acres.\\n1743, May 3. Daniel Deigler. 50 acres. May 31. Thos. Lee, town lot.\\nJuly 27. Lt. Col. Heron, town lot. Sept. 13. Joseph Faulker, town lot; Ed-\\nward Davidson, town lot. Oct. 7. Henry Anderly, town lot. Oct. 7. Joseph\\nWaclker, lot at Acton. Oct. 12. Simon Minis, town lot. Nov. 2. Christian\\nLevenburger, 50 acres; Conrad Hariver, 50 acres; Geo. Derrich, 50 acres. Nov.\\n19. R. Prickett, 500 acres.\\n1744, Feb. 24. John Barnard, town lot; Wm. Parker, 500 acres. April 10.\\nGilbert Tyffe, lot in Augusta. Jan. 9. James Grant, 50 acres. Oct. 1.\\nJohn Barnard, 500 acres. Nov. 23. Frederick Keiser, lot at Vernon; Mat.\\nRheinsteller, lot at Vernon; Jacob Berrier, lot at Vernon.\\n1745, April 18. Richard Kent, 500 acres; Richard Rattoon. 50 acres; John\\nPye, town lot. May 2. Robert Fox, 50 acres. May 18. Wm. Spencer, town\\nlot; Henry Hamilton, town lot. June 7. James Grant, lot at Abercorn. July\\n26. Thos. Sparnel, 50 acres; Christian Camphire, town lot. Oct. 4. Josias\\nWaters, 300 acres; Richard Burtley, 500 acres. Oct. 11. Thos. Burgess, tract.\\nNov. 22. Christian Dasher. 50 acres. Jan. 31. John Ross, 300 acres; Frede-\\nrick Helveinstine. lot. Feb. 12. James Billinghust, 50 acres. Feb. 20. Daniel\\nDourozeaux, 500, acres.\\n1746, March 25. John Dobell, town lot. April 15. George Fraser, 50 acres.\\nMay 20. Juigo Jones, 500 acres. July 21. Thos. Saltar, 10 acres. Aug. 28.\\nJohn Lawrence, town lot. Oct. 23. Anthony Camuse, 500 acres; John Mcin-\\ntosh, tract. Nov. 8. John McBean, 100 acres. Jan. 26.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Peter Baillon, 300\\n:icres; Isaac Barksdale, 500 acres; Wm. Bearfull, 100 acres; Anthony Groobs,\\n100 acres. Jan. 27. Lachlin McBean, 100 acres; David C. Bradock, 500 acres.\\nMarch 3. John Rogerson, 500 acres; Thos. Fraser, lot; Wm. Wilson, 300 acres.\\n1747, March 25. John Penrose, 300 acres. April 21. George Cubbedge,\\nthree tracts. April 22. Peter Shepherd, 500 acres: Charles Ratolifij tract.\\nJune 30. Thos. Goodall, 100 acres; Wm. Spoode, 500 acres; Joseph Summers,\\n300 acres. July 28. John Martin Bolzius, Parkers lands. Aug. 11. John Mar-\\nlin Bolzius, 500 acres. Sept. 3. John Baxter, lot. Sept. 4. Ambrose Bann, 50\\nacres Richard Lee, 50 acres. Sept. 25.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Thos. Ross, 200 acres. Oct. 22.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nJohn Atherton. 200 acres Joseph Oaks, 500 acres. Nov. 23. Benj. Goldwire,\\nlot; Richard Johnston, 400 acres. Dec. 10. Stephen Williams, 500 acres Joseph\\nWood, 200 acres; Thos. Hill. 100 acres: Charles Marian, 100 acres; John Mat-\\nthews, 100 acres; Joseph Barker, 50 acres; John Hencork, 200 acres; Peter Mc\\nHugh, 300 acres Abraham Frisbe, 250 acres. Dec. 12. John Mulriene, 500 acres;\\nJas. Maxwell, 500 acres; Morgan Sab, 500 acres; John Hutchinson, 500 acres.\\nColonial Documents.", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "NAMES OF PERSONS TO WHOM LANDS WERE ALLOTTED. -V6\\nD ec 21. Philip Delegal, jr., 500 acres; Henry Yonge, 500 acres; Wm. Bu-\\nchanon. Dec. 22. John VVilson, 300 acres. Jan. 5. Wm. Clarke, 50 acres.\\nJan. 6. John Shepherd, 500 acres. Jan. 30. John Kenedy, 200 acres. March\\n1. John Mcintosh, 500 acres Andrew Collins, 200 acres.\\n1748, April 21. John Alther and Gaspar Holsleter, 234 acres. May 4. Wm.\\nCook. 250 acres; Geo. Cubbedge, 500 acres. Aug. 12. Major Wm. Horton, 500\\nacres Wm. Hester, 300 acres. Aug. 20. Capt, Mark Carr, and his son. Tho. Carr,\\n500 acres; Abra. Frisbee,.250 acres. Sept. 2. Newdigate Stevens, 500 aqres;\\nWm. Beckett. 50 acres B. Wilson, 300 acres Richard Hazzard, 500 acres Wm.\\nE wen. 500 acres. Sept. 22. Lt. Col. Alexander Heron, 500 acres Alex. Gordon,\\ntown lot Lieut. Robert Howarthe, 500 acres. Sept. 22, Kenneth Baillie, 500\\nacres Middleton Evans, 500 acres. Oct. 12 Lieut. Archibald Dow, 500 acres\\nLieut, James Wall, 500 acres. Oct. 20.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 John Harn, 500 acres Charles West, 500\\nacres Wm. Carr, 300 acres David Black, 300 acres P. Brown. 500 acres George\\nLangley, lot; John Ballowe, 400 acres; Patrick Clarke, 300 acres Capt. P.\\nSutherland, 500 acres Lieut. Tho. Harriot, 500 acres Capt. James Mc Kay, 500\\nacres; John Gordon, 5 00 acres; Griffeth Williams, 500 acres. Nov. 3. Capt.\\nRaymond Demere, 500 acres Peter Mercier, 500 acres Lieut. Paul Demere, 500\\nacres James Nevie, 100 acres Michael Boremau, 50 acres. Nov. 7. John Farmur,\\n500 acres Wm. Clement, 300 acres John Ross, 300 acres. Nov. 29. Peter Slyler-\\nman, 100 acres W T m. Ballowe, 200 acres James Eads, 100 acres Richard Jones,\\n200 acres. Nov. 30. Hugh Mackay, Turkey Buzzard Island. Dec. 8 Roderick\\nMcintosh, 500 acres; Jonathan Caulkins, 300 acres; John Mcintosh, 500 acres\\nWm. River, 500 acres. Dec. 27. -Lieut. Tho. Goldsmith, 500 acres Lieut. Sam.\\nMackay, 500 acres Lachlin Mcintosh, 500 acres. Dec. 28. Thomas Dawson,\\ntown lot. Jan. 4. Capt. George Cadogan, 500 acres. Jan. 4. Ensign Wm.\\nShrubsole, 500 acres Dr. John Miligen, 500 acres Capt. James Mackay, for\\nJohn Stephens, 500 acres. Feb. 13. John Edwards, 300 acres; John Keilson,\\n500 acres; Tho. Collins, 100 acres.\\n1748, March 16. Mark Callerton. 250 acres. March 17. Richard Cooper,\\n500 acres Robert Bolton, town lot.\\n1749, March 29. Solomon Ogden, 100 acres. April 19. Ann Clarke, town\\nlot; Alexander Rose. 100 acres. May 5. Henry Bourguine, 500 acres Benedict\\nBourguine, 350 acres. June 10. John Shepherd. 500 acres. June 15. Capt.\\nGeorge Dunbar. 500 acres. June 12. John L. Myer, 100 acres. July 26. The\\ninhabitants of Augusta, 2. Sept. 4. Richard Palmer, 500 acres. Sept. 8. Some\\nsoldiers disbanded out of General Oglethorpe s Regiment, 50 to each. Sept. S.\\nLachlin McGilvray, 100 acres. Dec. 16. John Davis, 500 acres; James Finlay. 50\\nacres: Daniel Martin. 50 acres; Audley Maxwell, 500 acres, Dec. 20. Rev.\\nGeo. Whitefield, 500 acres. March 2. James Ellison, 200 acres Tho. Bossett,\\nSen.. 500 acres; Isaac Lines, 500 acres Donald Clarke, 500 acres Griffeth\\nWilliams, 500 acres Roderick Mcintosh, 500 acres. Jan. 6. James McLaran,\\n500 acres.\\n1750. James Habersham, 500 acres John Martin Bolzius, 500 acres; Hugh\\nClarke, 500 acres Angus Clarke, 500 acres William Russell, 90 acres. Jan. 5.\\nJames Stewart, 50 acres. May 4. Daniel Demetree, 500 acres. June 9.\\nHenry Parker, 500 acres Henry W. Parker, 500 acres. June 22. Rev. Bait. Zou-\\nber 500 acres. Aug. 29. Francis Harris, 500 acres Christopher Hopkins,\\n500 acres, Srp. 15 George Galphin, 500 acres. Sep. 26. Jonathan Bryan,\\n500 acres. Sep. 27. Jacob Casp. Waelhou, 140 acres. Oct. 2.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 William\\nDavis, 50 acres; John Gabell, 50 acres. Oct. 3. Noble Jones, 500 acres. Oct.\\nJohn Milledge, 400 acres. Nov. 7. Isaac Labow, a choice Leonard Bowdle,\\nAnthony Pages, Anthony Le Sage, piece of land, fitting their purposes. Nov.\\n15.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Christian Leimbeger. 100 acres B. Bacher, 100 acres Peter Kohleison,\\n500 acres; Martin Lockner. Sen.. 100 acres; George Hocher, 100 acres; Vit\\nLeihner. 50 acres John Sheraus, 50 acres John Mohr, 50 acres Martin Lochner,\\nJr 50 acres Geo. Bruchner, 100 acres Geo. Glaner, 50 acres. The old inh abitants", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "34 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\ni t Ht ctiezer,on Mill Creek, 100 acres each Martin Letter, 50 acres Geo. Meyer, 50\\nacres Rupreeli Sehrimpt. 50 acres Christian Rottenberger, 50 acres; Valentine\\nDeppe, 50 acres; John Rhylander, 60 acres; Philip Metzcher, 50 acres; L. Erst\\n50 acres; Jacob Meyer, 50 acres; John Paul Frank, 50 acres; Seven heads\\nof families, who came in the Martha, 50 acres to each. Nov. 16.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Nicholas Cro-\\nnenberger, 200 acres John David Fisher, lot. Dec. 4. Thomas Still, 50 acres.\\nJan. 8. Michael Switzer, lot; Thomas Ellis, 300 acres; Ann S. SmithJ lot,\\nBourqui__\\nacres. March 6. John George Beirpholt, 50 acres. March 7. James Papot,\\n400 acres. March 20. J. L. Meyer, 100 acres; Chris. Reidlesperger, 120 acres.\\n1751, May 9. Harman Lemphe, 500 acres; John T. Keefer, 400 acres.\\nJuly 4. Wm. Spejisft ^JiOQ ar.resj Mathias Zetler, 50 acres James Woolford.\\n50 acres Jeremiah Slyterman. lot. Sep. 6. Noble Wymberley Jones, 450 acres.\\nDec. 4. William Jones, 50 acres; John Gray, 350 acres. Dec. 18. Owen Da}\\n250 acres; Mayo Gray, 50 acres Richard Meadows, 100 acres; Nathaniel Bos-\\nsel, 500 acres; Tho. Williams, 200 acres; A. Lindsey, 300 acres John Younge-\\n100, acres; Geo. Farr, 200 acres; William Payne, 200 acres. Jan. 8. Jacob\\nMohr, lot; Geo. Mackay, 50 acres. Jan. 10. Joseph Phillips, 500 acres James\\nMcDaniel, 300 acres; Peter McHugh, 200 acres; Andrew Collins, 200 acres.\\nJan. 17. James Detaux. 500 acres; James Edmonds, 400 acres; Rev. Geo.\\nWhitefield, 410 acres. Feb. 5. William Johnson, 50 acres; John Berham,\\n50 acres.\\n1752, April 8. Nathaniel Watson, 100 acres; Joseph Barker, 50 acres. April\\n21. Andrew Seckinger, 50 acres ;.^Matthew Seckinger, 50 acres; Geo. Lam-\\nbrecht, 50 acres; Martha Buckhartf50 acres; John Blessing, 50 acres. April 28.\\nPickering Robinson, 800; Joseph O. Holenghe, lot Patrick Graham, 450 acres.\\nMay 11. Jonathan Bryan, Jr., a minor, 500 acres; David Graham. 500 acres.\\nMay 12. Wm. Carr, 500 acres; Mark Carr, 500 acres; James Habersham, Jr., a\\nminor, 500 acres; Thomas Harris, 500 acres; James Finley, 50 acres; Daniel\\nMartyn. 50 acres. June 2. John De Naux, 500 acres; Benedict Bourquine, 300\\nacres; Philip Delegal, Sen., James Thebault, 300 acres; John C. Walthour, 200.\\nJune 3. John Summers, 270 acres; David Kraft, 500 acres; Alexander Rose,\\n100 acres; Peter Morel l, 500 acres; Nathaniel Hunling, 300 acres; Thomas\\nWilson, 240 acres. June 4. Thomas Forman, 50 acres; Wm. Hargrove, 50\\nacres; Nathan Taylor, 500 acres; Henry Sargent, 100 acres; Martin Fenton,\\n150 acres; John Wilson, 200 acres. June 4. Hugh McKay, 500 acres. June 5.\\nRichard Hazzard, 500 acres; Joseph Parker, 500 acres. June 25. William\\nDe Brahm, 500 acres. June 24. Joseph Bryan, a minor. 500 acres; Joseph Gib-\\nbons, 500 acres; Joseph Gibbons, Jr., 500 acres. July 8 Isaac Young, 450\\nacres; John Davis, 500; John Maxwell, 500 acres: James Maxwell, 500 acres;\\nWm. Maxwell, 500 acres. July 11. John Stevens, Sen., 500 acres; Benj.\\nBaker, 500 acres Parmenus Way, 500 acres John Lupton, 500 acres Rev. Mr.\\nOsgood, 500 acres; Samuel Stevens, 500 acres; Barah Norman, 500 acres: Dan-\\nlel Slaae, 500 acres; John Winn, 500 acres; Samuel Bacon, 500 acres; Edward\\nSumner, 500 acres; Andrew Way, 500 acres Richard Spencer, 500 acres: Wm.\\nBaker, 500 acres; Sarah Osgood, 500 acres; Richard Girandeau, 500 acres:\\nSamuel Burnley, 500 acres; James Way, 500 acres; Edward Way, 500 acres;\\nJoseph Bacon, 500 acres; Jonathan Bacon, 500 acres; John Norman, 500 acres;\\nNathaniel Way, 500 acres; Richard Woodcraft, 500 acres; John Mitchell, 500\\nacres; Sarah Mitchell, 500 acres; John Edwards, 500 acres;; John Elliott, 500\\nacres; Joseph Way, 500 acres; Wm. Graves, 500 acres; Joseph Norman, 500\\nacres; John Steward. 500 acres; Samuel James, 500 acres; Robert (Mass, 500\\nacres Robert Eccles. 500 acres; John Quarterman, 500 acres; David Russ, 500", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "NAMES OF PERSONS TO WHOM LANDS WERE ALLOTTED. 35\\nacres; Wm Lupton, 500 acres; Richard Baker, 500 acres; John Stevens, Jr., 500\\nacres; Joseph Oswald, 500 acres; Jacob Weston, 500 acres; Joshua Clarke, 300\\nacres; For a Glebe, 400 acres. July 14.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 William Russell, 400 acres. Aug. 5.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nWilliam Mackay, lot David Fox, Jr., 400 acres; Willoughby West, 500 acres. Aug.\\n6. Daniel Donnom, 500 acres; Isaac Donnom, 500 acres; John Graves, 500 acres;\\nPalmer Goulding, 500 acres; Joseph Massey, 500 acres; Tho. Stevens, Jr., 500\\nacres; Isaac Bradwell, 500 acres; N. Bradwell, 500 acres; James Christie, 500\\nacres; Hugh Dowse, 500 acres; Elisabeth Simmons, 500 acres; Peter Goulding.\\n400 acres; Elizabeth Baker, 400 acres; Wm. Chapman, 300 acres James Baker.\\n300 acres; Rebecca Quarterman, 300 acres; Joseph Stevens, 250 acres; Thomas\\nStevens, 250 acres Joseph Bacon, Jr., 250 acres John Wheeler, 200 acres Joseph i\\nBaker, 200 acres Tho. Way, Jr 200 acres John Shave, 200 acres; John Church-\\nwell, 200 acres Moses Way, 200 acres Daniel Cannon, 200 acres Joseph Winn,\\n200 acres John Gorton, 100 acres. Aug. 22. Geo. Cuthbert, 500 acres. Sept. 1\\nDavid Graham, 500 acres James Campbell, 500 acres John Williams, 500 acres\\nRodoriah Groynor, 500 acres Wm. Aid ridge, 500 acres Geo. Applebee, 500 acres\\nJames Parker, 90 acres. Sept. 2. James Dourouzeaux, 150 acres. Sept. 14.\\nGodlive Starley, 100 acres James Dixsee, 200 acres; Patrick Brown, 500 acres\\nWm. Harn, 500 acres; Tho. Barley, 90 acres Wm. Butler, Sen., 500 acres;\\nElisha Butler, 500 acres Wm. Butler, Jr., 500 acres James Butler, 500 acres\\nWm. Elliott, 500 acres; William Butler, of Indian Land, 500 acres; Henry\\nHyrne, Sen., 500 acres; Henry Hyrne, Jr., 500 acres; Tho. Butler, 500 acres;\\nJohn Toomer, 500 acres John Parker, 500 acres Samuel West, 500 acres.\\nSept. 21. John Perkins, 500 acres. Sept 29.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Patrick Clarke, 200 acres. Nov.\\n8. James Maxwell, 500 acres; John Davis, 50 acres. Nov. 9. Henry Myers,\\n50 acres David Delegal, 100 acres Jeremiah Helvensteine, 100 acres Richard\\nCooper, 50 acres; Audley Maxwell, Jr., 200 acres. Nov. 10.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Edward Carlton,\\n300 acres; Lewis Muttair, 200 acres; John Keeler. 50 acres; Jacob Wald-\\nburger, 100 acres; Ann Stuart, lot; Lucy Mouse, lot; Wm. Mathers, lot;\\nRichard Millidge, 90 acres James Jeansac, 100 acres Thos. Rasberry, 90 acres\\nNov. 29. John G. Knap, 100 acres; Paul Meyer, 100 acres; Jacob Herle, 100\\nacres Jno. Jacob Henselier, Sen., 100 acres Jno. Jacob Henselier, Jr., 50 acres\\nJohn Unold, 100 acres Matthew Salffer, 50 acres John Adam Salffer, 50 acres\\nJohn C. Hirsham, Sen., 100 acres Gasper Hirsham, 100 acres John C. Hirsham,\\nJr. 50 acres; M Herst, 100 acres; M. Salffer, 50 acres; L. Salffer, 50 acres;\\nGeo. Bolzenhard, 100 acres; Melchur Oachsle, 100 acres John Lange, Sen., 150\\nacres; John Lange, Jr., 50 acres; G. Lange, 50 acres; John Elgin, 150 acres,\\nM. Gros, 100 acres; Paul Gerber, 150 acres; Gabriel Eichard, 100 acres; M.\\nZeigler, 100 acres; Lucy Zeigler, 50 acres; Jacob Zeigler, 50 acres; Bart. Bol-\\nzenhard, 100 acres; Geo. Eichard, 100 acres; Lucas Moser, 100 acres; A. Frey,\\n50 acres; Thos. Heckell, 50 acres; M. Dauner, 100 acres; John Martin Nies,\\n100 acres; John L. Nies, 50 acres; John Paulas, Sen., 100 acres; John Paulas,\\nJr., 50 acres; M. Knap, 100 acres; Anna Rauve, 100 acres; John Meyer, 100\\nacres; Juliana Hagemyer, 100 acres; Christian Preysing, Jr., 50 acres Michael\\nFisher, 100 acres; Nicholas Fisher, 100 acres; John Millar, 100 acres; Solomon\\nHoll, 100 acres; John George Mauls, 100 acres; Jacob Gremer, 100 acres.\\n1752, November 29. John G. Gremer, 100 acres; John G. Gremer, Jr., 100\\nacres; John G. Gremer, Sen., 100 acres; John Milton Gremer, 50 acres;\\nGeorge Fisher, 100 acres; John G. Kalbell, 100 acres; Jacob Guan, 100\\nacres; Martin Belzenhagen, 100 acres; Geo. Seybold, 100 acres; Geo.\\nStreigell, 100 acres; M. Bader, 100 acres; John Meyer, 100 acres; Jno. P.\\nFlieger, 100 acres; Jno. Speirla, 100 acres; M. Echart, 100 acres; Geo. Bol-\\nlinger, 100 acres; Magdalena Sherhansen, 50 acres; John Eberhard, 100 acres:\\nthe Minister for the time being, 300 acres Christian Van Munch, Sen., 500\\nacres; Christian Van Munch, Jr., 500 acres; Thomas Van Munch, 500 acres;\\nRemigius Van Munch, 500 acres Charles Van Munch 500 acres Thomas\\nKrause, 500 acres. Dec. 6. Adam Rheinstetler, 50 acres; Jacob Dice, 50\\nacres; Caspar Rahn, 100 acres; John Matthews, 100 acres James De Naux, Jr.,\\n500 acres Isaac Gibbes, Jr 50 acres Theobald Keiffer, 400 acres Jacob Hel-\\nvenstine, 100 acres Martin Dasher, 100 acres Seth Place, 100 acres: Wm. Dews,\\n500 acres. Dec. 7.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Peter Tondee. 120 acres: Oliver Shaw, 50 acres Wm. Mc", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "36 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nDonald, 400 acres; J no. Henry Grave, 500 acres; Jno. C. Bornemann, 500 acres.\\nDec. 8. Samuel Marcer, 150 acres; Geo. Dresler, 50 acres; Alexander Bailliej\\n100 acres; Wm. Norton, 50 acres; Andrew Snyder, 100 acres; Wm. Harris\\n350 acres; Bar. Webling, 100 acres Robt. Bolton, 90 acres; John Rae, 400\\nacres; Henry Bishop, 100 acres.\\n1753, Jan. 11. Lewis Johnson, 500 acres; Stephen Adye, 500 acres; Antho-\\nny Tahie, 500 acres; Edmund Tann at t. 500 acres. Feb. 6. Mark Benz, 100\\nacres; Peter Guiard, 100 acres; Walter Femming, 500 acres. Feb. 7. William\\nBechet, 50 acres David Fox, 500 acres Tho. Readye, 100 acres Valentine\\n1 Bostick, 500 acres John Davis, Jr., 500 acres James Paris, 350 acres; Richard\\nBennison, 400 acres. Feb. 8. James Galache, 50 acres Robert Luden, 100\\nacres William Barkshell, 500 acres. Nov. 23. Edward Goodall, 300 acres.\\nApril 4. Thomas Beckett, 50 acres John G. Nies, 50 acres James Millar, lot;\\nMatthew Maurve. 300 acres Richard Jon, 500 acres John Cubbedge, 200\\nacres; John Bennett, 100 acres; John Coffee, 100 acres; Abram Gabell, 50\\nacres Cuthbert Gordon, 500 acres. April 5. Thomas Trippe, 2 lots Thomas\\nLee, 2 lots; Henry Hamilton, 100 acres Edward Watson, 100 acres; N Mil-\\nlar, 2 lots. June 5. Joseph Phillips, 100 feet; John Pye, 2 lots David Unseld,\\n50 acres; Thomas Parker, 300 acres; Adam Ordner, 50 acres; Jno. Mc Leod,\\n100 acres; Elisha Butler, 500 acres. June 6. Wm. Butler, Sen., 500 acres\\nWm. Butler, son of Elisha Butler, 500 acres; Henry Yonge, 37 acres; John\\nSnook, 2 lots; Jery Sliterman. 2 lots; Edward Barnard, 300 acres. July 3.\\nJohn Berrier, 50 acres Caspar Herbach, 50 acres Jacob Danner, 50 acres\\nJames Edward Powell, 500 acres. Aug. 8. David Flear, 50 acres; Wm. Ken-\\nnedy, 50 acres; Hugh Kennedy, 100 acres; Joseph Stanley, 100 acres John P.\\nMillar, 100 acres; Christ, Folbright, 400 acres; Francis Arthur, 500 acres.\\nAug. 9. Joseph Ottolenghe, 350 acres Matthew Roche, 200 acres. Sept 5.\\nDonald Kennedy, 150 acres; Roderick Mcintosh, 500 acres; George Mcintosh,\\n500 acres Samuel Leon, 50 acres William Thompson, 500 acres. Sept. 6.\\nDavid Truan, 2 lots; Peter Destemple, 50 acres; John Mackay, 100 acres.\\nSept 7. John McBean, 100 acres; Alex. McDonald, 150 acres. Sept. 8. Sam-\\nuel Hudson, 400 acres John Fitch, 100 acres; John Hudson, 100 acres John\\nBrady, 100 acres; Edward Germany, 200 acres. Sept 9. James Baillon, 200\\nacres. Dec. 4. Oliver Shaw, 100 acres. Dec. 5. Henry Calvell, 450 acres\\nC. Rabenhorst, 500 acres; J. Mulryne, 500 acres; James Williams, 500 acres;\\nJohn M. Hirsh. 100 acres. Dec. 6.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Tho. Carter, 300 acres; .James Millar, 100\\nacres.\\n1754. Feb. 5. Daniel Mackay, Sen., 150 acres; Geo. McDonald, 150 acres;\\nMurdock McLeod, 100 acres; Angus Mcintosh, 100 acres; Peter Grant, 50 acres;\\nJohn Germany, 200 acres; Hugh Morrison, 250 acres. Feb. 6. John R. Puny,\\n500 acres; Wm. Mcintosh, 500 acres; Donald McKay, 500 acres; Elizde St. Ju-\\nlian, 500 acres; Richard Coxe, Sen., 500 acres; Richard Coxe, Jr., 500 acres;\\nSamuel New, 340 acres James New, 500 acres Joseph Butler, 500 acres Shem\\nButler, 5U0 acres. Feb. 8. John Thompson, 500 acres; Geo. Uland, 100 acres;\\nJohn Todd, Sen., 100 acres; John Todd, Jr., 100 acres. April 3. David Mon-\\ntaigut, 500 acres; Valentine Bostick, 400 acres; Christian Dasher, 50 acres;\\nJohn Sherif, 50 acres; F. L. Parry, 100 acres; Jno. Fox, 400 acres. April 4.\\nJoseph Butler, Jr., 50 acres; Alexander Low, 500 acres. April 5. Robert\\nBaillie, 500 acres; Joseph Goodby, 400 acres; James Matthews, 200 acres;\\nAlexander Germany. 200 acres; Josiah Bryan, a minor, 500 acres; John Greene,\\n500 acres; Tho. Rasberry, 300 acres; Sigismund Beltz, 60 acres. June 5. Geo.\\nFowle, 50 acres; Urban Buntz. 50 acres; Jno. Neidlinger, 50 acres; L. McGilv-\\nray, 500 acres; Jno. Reuter, 50 acres; David Haisler, 50 acres; Wm. Gibbons,\\n365 acres; N. J. Walliser, 50 acres; P. Graham, town lot; James Habersham,\\ntown lot; Noble Jones, town lot Pickering Robinson, town lot; Francis Harris,\\ntown lot; Wrj^SpeJicej^Jown lot Joseph Habersham Minor, town lot; Geo.\\nCuthbert, town lot Wm. Butler, town lot; Elisha Butler, town lot; Wm. Elliott,\\ntown lot Joseph Butler, Sen., town lot Charles West, town lot James Mc-\\nKay, town lot; Joseph Barker, town lot; John Penrose, town lot; Samuel New", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "NAMES OF PERSONS TO WHOM LANDS WERE ALLOTTED. 37\\ntown lot: Richard Cox, Sen., town lot; Richard Cox, Jr., town lot. Aug. 6. Adrian\\nVan Beverhought, 500 acres John Van Beverhought, 500 acres; Wm. Martin John-\\nson. 500 acres John Hamm, 500 acres Clement Martin, 500 acres Wm. Martin\\n500 acres; James Sumer, 100 acres; Peter Grant, 50 acres; Jacob Illy, 50 acres\\nJohn Pye, 200 acres; David Humbert, 300 acres; Robert Houstoun, 100 acres\\nJoseph Raymond, 300 acres Lewis Mitchell, 50 acres. Aug. 7. Henry\\nDenzler, 50 acres; M. Kadich, 50 acres; D. Johnson, 50 acres; Christian\\nReidlesperger, 80 acres; Jacob Bantli, 50 acres; B. Farley, 500 acres Jeremiah\\nSwan, 100 acres; Wm, Gibbons, Jr., 500 acres. Aug. 9. Ulrich Neidlinger,\\n50 acres Peter Sliterman, 100 acre3, Octo. 2. George Winchler, 50 acres;\\nHugh Ross, 100 acres; John Rayland, 100 acres; William Small, 250 acres;\\nJohn Young, 250 acres; A. Wylly, 500 acres; R. Johnson, 250 acres; J. Haner,\\n100 acres. Octo. 3. Frances Yonge, a minor, 500 acres; D. Douglass, 500\\nacres; Robert Noble, 500 acres; Geo. Noble, 100 acres.\\n(Signed,) J. REYNOLDS.\\nOcto. 8, 1775.", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "39 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nGEORGIA ROLL*\\nAmerica made in (he sixth year of the reig?i of his Most Excellent Majesty\\nKing George the Third.\\nThe oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy appointed to be taken by act\\nof Parliament, made in the first year of the Reign of his late Majesty\\nKing George the First, entitled, an Act for the further security of his\\nMajesty s person and government, and the succession of the Crown\\nin the Heirs of the late Princess Sophia, being Protestants, and for\\nextinguishing the hopes of the Pretended Prince of Wales, and his\\nopen and secret abettors and also the oath of abjuration as appointed\\nto be taken in and by an act made in the Sixth year of his Majesty\\nKing George the Third, entitled, An act for altering the oath of ab-\\njuration, c, c.\\nI, A. B., do swear that I do from my heart detest, abhor, and abjure, as impious\\nand heretical, that damnable doctrine and position, that Princes excommunicated\\nor deprived by the Pope, or any authority of the See of Rome, may be deposed or\\nmurthered by their subjects or any other whatsoever. And I do declare that no\\nforeign Prince, Person, Prelate, State, or Potentate, hath or ought to have any\\njurisdiction, power or superiority, pre-eminence or authority, ecclesiastical oi\\nspiritual, within this Realm. So help me God.\\nI, A. B., do truly and sincerely acknowledge, profess, testify, and declare in my\\nconscience, before God and the world, that our Sovereign Lord King George is\\nlawful and rightful King of this Realm, and all others, his Majesty s dominions\\nand countries thereunto belonging. And I do solemnly and sincerely declare,\\nthat I do believe in my conscience, that not any of the Descendants of the Per-\\nson who pretended to be Prince of Wales, during the life of the late King James\\nthe Second, and since his decease pretended to be and took upon himself the\\nStile and Title of King of England, by the name of James the Third, or of Scot-\\nland, by the name of James the Eighth, or the Stile and Title of Great Britain,\\nhath any right or title whatsoever to the Crown of this Realm, or any other the\\nDominions thereunto belonging and I do swear that I will bare Faith and true\\nallegiance to his Majesty King George, and him will defend to the utmost of my\\npower against all traitorous conspiracies and attempts whatsoever, which shall\\nbe made against his Person, Crown or Dignity. And I will do my utmost endea-\\nvour to disclose and make known to his Majesty and his Successors, all treasons\\nand traitorous conspiracies which I shall know to be against him or any of them.\\nAnd I do faithfully promise to the utmost of my power to support, maintain, and\\ndefend the Succession of the Crown against the Descendants of the said James,\\nand all other persons whatsoever, which succession, by an act entitled an act\\nfor the further Limitation of the Crown, and better securing the Rights and Liber-\\nties of the Subject, is and stands limited to the Princess Sophia, Electress and Dutch-\\ness Dowager of Hanover, and the Heirs of her body, being Protestants. And all\\nthese things I do plainly and sincerely acknowledge and swear, according to\\n(hose express words by me spoken, and according to the plain Common Sense\\nand Understanding of the same words, without any equivocation, mental eva-\\nsion, or secret reservation whatsoever. And I do make this Recognition,\\nAcknowledgment, Abjuration, Renunciation and Promise, heartily, willingly, and\\ntruly, upon the faith of a Christian. So help me God.\\nThe original, written on parchment, is in possession of a gentleman residing in\\nSavannah,", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "GEORGIA ROLL.\\n39\\nI, A. B., do declare that I do believe that there is not any Transubstantiation\\nin the Sacrament of the Lord s Supper, or in the elements of Bread and Wine,\\nor after the Consecration thereof by any person whatsoever.\\nJa. Wright, Governor; James Habersham, Lewis Johnson, John Graham,\\nJames Read, Clemt. Martin, Gray Elliott, James Mackay, Jonathan Bryan, J. C\\nPowell, Council.\\nN. Jones, Alex. Wylley, John Adam Treutlen, John Mullryne, Patrick Hous-\\ntoun, John Smith, David C. Braddock, Assembly.\\nWilliam Simpson, C. J., 15th Dec.\\n1766.\\nJno. Simpson, George Mcintosh, Tho-\\nmas Vincent, Assembly, 15th Dec.\\nTho. Moodie, Deputy Sec y., 15th\\nDec.\\nWilliam Ewen, Edw. Barnard, N.\\nJones, Jonathan Cochran, Andrew Johns-\\nton, Josiah Tatnell, John Millidger, As-\\nsembly.\\nHenry Preston, Prothon.\\nCharles Pryce, Attorney Gen.\\nCharles Watson, C. C.\\nMatthew Roche, Prov. Mar.\\nCharles Pryce, Jun., Prothon, 17th\\nDec.\\nDavid Emanuel, David Lewis, (Jus-\\ntices St. Geo. Parish, 17th Dec. 1766.)\\nButton Gwinnet, Justice for St. John s\\nParish.\\nJames Bulloch, Justice for Christ\\nChurch, Octo., 1767.\\nJames Brown, Deputy Sur., 23d Feb.,\\n1768.\\nWilliam Graeme, 3 March, 1768.\\nSamuel Farley. 3 March, 1768.\\nJohn Glen, 3 March, 1768.\\nHenry Yonge, Jr., 3 March, 1768.\\nThomas Shrude r, 3d of Feb., as De-\\nputy Surveyor General.\\nJohn Smith, 16th of Jan., 1769.\\nThomas Shruder. 8th of Aug., 1769,\\nJ. P.\\nAnthony Stokes, Chief Justice. 1st\\nSept., 1769.\\nJames Hume, Attorney and Advo.\\nGen., 1770.\\nJames Hume, a Justice for the Pro-\\nvince.\\nWin. Belcher, a Justice for the Parish\\nof St. Phillip.\\nArthur Carney, Justis of the Peace\\nfor the four Southern parishes, and Cap-\\ntin o/Melisia, Sept. 9, 1774.\\nRaym. Demere, Jr., Justis of the\\nPeace for the four Southern Parrishes.\\nand Ensign of Miliska, Sept. 9, 1774.\\nJno. Holmes, J. P. for the Parish of\\nSt. George, 17th of Octo., 1774.\\nThomas Stone, March 7, 1774, J. P.\\nfor the Parish of St. Phillip.\\nStephen Smith, J. P., 21st of March,\\nfor the Parish of St. George.\\nThomas Ross, Solicitor in Chancery,\\n7th of April, 1775.\\nWilliam Stephens, Clerk Com. House\\nof Assembly, 10 May, 1775.\\nJohn Hume, Secretary of the Prov-\\nince and Register of the Records, 2d\\nNov. 1775.\\nLewis Johnston, Public Treasurer,\\n20th of Nov., 1775.\\nWilliam Stewart, Notary Public, 8th\\nof Jan., 1776.\\nIsaac Perry, Dep.Sur.,6thofNov.,1766.\\nFrans. Bigbey, 20th of Nov., 1766,\\nSurgeon to the first troop of rangers.\\nJohn Stevens, 26th of Nov., 1766,\\nThird Lieutenant of the second troop of\\nrangers.\\nJames Whitefield. 5th of December,\\n1766. Quarter Master of the first troop\\nof rangers.\\nL. Claiborne, Attorney at Law, 18th\\nDec, 1766.\\nBenjamin Lewis, Deputy Surveyor,\\n18th Dec, 1766.\\nRichard Scruggs, Justice, St. Mat-\\nthews, 18th Dec. 1766.\\nJ. T. Rossell, Justice for St. Andrew s\\nParish, 31st Dec, 1766.\\nJohn Mac Lean, Justice for Christ\\nChurch, Captain of Militia, 12 Jan.,\\n1767.\\nJohn Dunbar, Justice for St. John s\\nParish, 19th Jan., 1767.\\nThomas Pittman, J. P. Romans, De-\\nputy Surveyors, 3 Feb., 1767.\\nThomas Carr, Collector for Sunbury\\nPort, 4th of May, 1767.\\nFrancis Lee, Naval Officer, c, for\\nSunbury, 5 May, 1767.\\nCharles Pryce. Jr., 28th of May, 1767,\\nDeputy Reg. Examiner in Chancery.\\nJno. Simpson, Clerk of the House of\\nRepresentatives, 29th of May, 1767.\\nWm. Brown. Searcher for the Port of\\nSavannah, 6 July, 1767.", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "40\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nJohn Thomas, Militia officers,\\nThe X mark of St. George s Parish,\\n^-Ioh.aMa\u00c2\u00abH, 14th of July, 1767.\\nWilliam Graeme, Attorney General,\\nAdvo. Gen., 22ud April, 1768.\\nMatt. Roche, Prov. Marshal, June 7.\\n1 768.\\nIsaac Ford, 8th of June, 1768, Justice\\nfor St. George s and St. Matthew s Pa-\\nrishes.\\nMoses Nunes, Searcher Port of Sa-\\nvannah, 9th June, 1768.\\nAlexander Findley. Jas. Seymour,\\nSchoolmasters, July 11, 1768.\\nJared Nelson, Benjamin Stirk.\\nDaniel M. Neal, Deputy Sur.\\nWilliam Barnard, ll u\\nJno. Oliver, Justice for St. Paul s, 7th\\nJune, 1769.\\nJames McFarlane, Deputy Surveyor,\\n5th of July, 1769.\\nRichard Wylley, 31st of Augt., 1769.\\nNota. Public.\\nWilliam Harding, Justice of St. Geo.\\nand St. Paul s, 19th of Octo., 1769.\\nWilliam McKenzie. Comp. and\\nSearcher of Sunbury, Solicitor in Chan-\\ncery, 21 Dec, 1769.\\nJames Kitching, Coll. and Com. of\\nthe Customs Dutys, Naval Officer for the\\nPort of Sunbury, 8th of March, 1770.\\nJames Maxwell, Justice for St. Phil-\\nlip s Par., 8 March, 1770.\\nJames Cantey, Deput. Surveyor, 27th\\nAug., 1770.\\nThomas Chisolm, 27th\\nAug, 1770.\\nIsaac Antrobus, Compt. and Searcher\\nof Sunbury, 11 May, 1770.\\nJ. Lewis. 4 July, 1770, D. S.\\nJoseph Marshall, Justice for St. Paul s,\\nand St. George s, 6 Nov., 1770.\\nJohn Douglass, Dept, 1770.\\nJosiah Cantey, D. S., 7th of Augt.,\\n1771.\\nIsaac Antrobus, Collector of the Port\\nof Sunbury, 6th of Dec, 1770.\\nJohn Graves, Com. and Searcher for\\nthe Port of Sunbury, 6th of Dec, 1770.\\nAlex. Wylley, Clerk of the Council,\\n1st Jany., 1771.\\nElijah Brazeal, J. P.\\nRichard Cunningham Crooke.\\nPatrick Houstoun, J. P. for the Parish\\nof St. Andrew and the four Southern Pa-\\nrishes, 22nd of Augt,, 1771.\\nWm. Evans, 2nd Lieut, of the guard\\nCompany, 23d of Augt., 1771.\\nWm. McKenzie, Collector of the Cus-\\ntoms, Duties at Sunbury, 4th of Sept.\\n1771.\\nJoseph Johnston, J. P.. 4th of Sept.\\nWilliam Candler, D. S., 7th of Oct.,\\n1771.\\nAlexander Thompson, Justice of the\\nPeace for the Parish of Christ Church,\\n17th of Nov., 1771.\\nJames McFarlane, J. P., for the Parish\\nof St. Paul s, 9 Jan., 1772.\\nRobert Badiie, D. S., 28th March, 1772.\\nAndrew Way, D. S., 4th of May, 1772.\\nJames Kitching, Collector of his Ma-\\njesty s Customs for the Port of Sunbury,\\n9th of June, 1772.\\nFrancis Paris, J. P., for the Parish of\\nSt. George, 13 June, 1772.\\nWilliam Harding, D. S., 23d of June.\\nCouncillor Anthony Stokes, 7th of\\nJuly, 1772.\\nJames Hume, Councillor, 4th of Aug.,\\n1772.\\nPhilip Yonge, Deputy Surveyor.\\nWilliam Haven, Naval Officer.\\nJohn Houstoun, a Solicitor in the\\nCourt of Chancery, 2 July, 1771.\\nHenry Younge, T. of Council, 2nd of\\nJuly, 1771.\\nWilliam Sims, Deputy Surveyor, July\\n6, 1773.\\nJedediah Smith, Deputy Surveyor,\\nJan. 6, 1773.\\nAlexander Thompson, Collector of the\\nCustoms, Savannah, 25 Jan., 1773.\\nSanders Walker, Deputy Surveyor,\\n29th of Jan., 1773.\\nSamuel Creswell, D. S., Feb. 4, 1773.\\nJames Cosby, D. S., March 8, 1773.\\nJoseph Parrnill. D. S.\\nJohn Houlton, 22d March, 1773.\\nBasil Lamar, Deputy Surveyor, 24\\nMarch, 1773.\\nJohn Dooly, D. S., March 7th, 1773.\\nGeorge Walton. Solicitor, 12th day of\\nMay, 1773.\\nDavid Taitt, Justice of Peace, 1773.\\nJonathan Sells, J. of P., July, 1773.\\nThomas Ross, Notary Public, 2 July,\\n1773.\\nAndrew Elton Wells, Marshal of the\\nAdmiralty.\\nAndrew Elton Wells, Clerk of the\\nMarket, July 13, 1773.\\nGeorge Barry, Justice of the Parish of\\nChrist Church, July 22, 1773.\\nFrancis Arthur. Deputy Surveyor, 9th\\nof Aug. 1773.\\nJames Robertson, Solicitor in Chan-\\ncery, ^th of Oct, 1773.", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "GEORGIA ROLL.\\n41\\nJ. Pjfkens, D. S., Nov. 10th, 1773.\\n1 homas Waters, Justice of the Peace\\nfor the ceded lands, the 16th of Nov.,\\n1773.\\nEdward Keating, Justine of the Peace\\nfor the ceded lands, 16 Nov., 1773.\\nJohn Hume, J. P., for Parish of Christ\\nChurch.\\nJames Lucena, J. P., for the Parish of\\nChrist, Church, the 27th of Dec. 1773.\\nJ. Wood, jr., J. P., for the Parish of\\nSt. John s, the 14th of Jan., 1774.\\nD. Fraser, Collec. C, and duties at\\nthe Port of Sunbury, 25th Jan., 1774.\\nJames Seymour. Justice for the parishes\\nof St. Paul s, St. George and St. Matthew,\\nMarch 21, 1774.\\nStephen Matthews, March 20, 1774.\\nThorn. Burton, J. P., for the Parish of\\nSt. George. 27th of April, 1774.\\nJacob Walthaur, J. P., for the Parish\\nof St. Matthew, 10th of May, 1774.\\nJohn Stirk, Captain of the Fourth Com-\\npany of Foot Militia, 4th of June, 1774.\\nQuinton Pooler, Captain of the First\\nCompany of Foot Militia, 4th June, 1774.\\nPhillip Howell, J. P., for Saint Mat-\\nthew s Parish, 16th June, 1774.\\nSamuel Strong, D. S., Aug. 8, 1774.\\nJames Kitching, Collector of the Cus-\\ntoms at the Port of Sunbury, Aug. 10,\\n1772.\\nJohn Stirk, Justice of St. Matthew s\\nParish, 2nd of Sept.. 1772.\\nRobert Hamilton, a Solicitor in the\\nCourt of Chancery, 15th of Sept., 1772.\\nJames Peart, D. S.. Oct. 7, 1772.\\nElijah Lewis, D. S Oct. 7, 1772.\\nWm. Downs, D. S., Oct. 14, 1772.\\nJohn Stuart. Councillor, 23d of Oct.,\\n1772.\\nLeon. Marbury, D. S., 26th of Oct.\\n1772.\\nBen. Lanier. Justice of the Peace for\\nthe parishes of St. George and St. Mat-\\nthew, qualified, 2d of Nov.. 1772.\\nJohn Chisolm, D. S.\\nWm. Ewen, Justice of the Peace for\\nthe Parish of Christ Church, 22d of\\nDec, 1772.\\nSamuel Elbert, Captain of the Grena-\\ndier Company, 4th of June, 1774.\\nThomas Skinner, Captain of the\\nThird Company, 4th of June, 1774.\\nT. Netherclift, Captain of the Light\\nInfantry Company.\\nAlexander Hogg, Captain of the Sixth\\nCompany, 4 June, 1774.\\nJoseph Habersham, 1st Lieut, of the\\nGrenadier Company, 4 June, 1774.\\nHenry Yonge, 1st Lieut, of the Light\\nInfantry Company, 4 June, 1774.\\nThomas Ross, Lieut, of the fourth\\nCompany, 4 June, 1774.\\nGeorge Houstoun, second Lieut, of the\\nLight Infantry Company, 4 June, 1774.\\nJohn C. Lucena, Lieut, of the first\\nCompany, June 4, 1774.\\nPhilip Moore, Lieut, of the second\\nCompany, June 4, 1774.\\nWilliam Stephens, second Lieut, of\\nthe 8lh Company, June 4, 1774.\\nAlexander Martin, Lieut. 4th Com-\\npany, June 4, 1774.\\nJames Roberson, Ensign of the Comp.\\nJune 4, 1774:\\nAlex. McGorm, Ensign of the second\\nCompany, June 4, 1774.\\nJno. B. Randell, Ensign of the first\\nCompany, June 4, 1774.\\nPeter Bard, Adjutant, 4 June, 1774.\\nPhillip Yonge, D. S., 4 June, 1774.", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "42 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nDOCUMENTS CONNECTED WITH THE REVOLUTION.\\nMEETING OF MERCHANTS.\\nAt a meeting of the merchants, 16th Sept., 1769, at the house of one\\nAlexander Creighton, in Savannah, it was agreed that the late acts\\nof Parliament so fully and unanimously remonstrated against by the\\nNorthern Colonies, were in themselves unconstitutional, and the\\nmode of taxation inconsistent with the liberties of the people.\\nAt a time when we have great reason to believe that healing mea-\\nsures and a redress of grievances will be effectually pursued at the\\nnext meeting of Parliament, we think it unnecessary to enumerate\\nthe whole further, that, in general, and as far as yet we know, we\\napprove of and agree in sentiment with the other Provinces. It\\nwas agreed respecting this Province in particular, that the mode of\\npayment of such duties is a great and additional grievance. The\\nsterling money of this Province which was, by act of Assembly,\\nassented to by his Majesty, and declared equal in value to the sterling\\nmoney of Great Britain, and a lawful tender in all the payments,\\nbeing refused in payments of such duties, tends greatly to depreciate\\nits value, a circumstance affecting every person interested in the\\nProvince. After having wisely excluded us the benefit of the Spanish\\ntrade, the only channel through which specie could be procured, and\\nthen, by subsequent acts, imposing duties upon us payable in gold\\nand silver, shows that they are entirely ignorant of our internal police,\\nand know little of what is beneficial to the colonies, and thereby pre-\\nvent our giving a regular and constitutional aid to the mother\\ncountry, if such was demanded. We, therefore, resolve that any\\nperson or persons whatsoever importing any of the articles subject to\\nsuch duties, after having it in their power to prevent it, ought not\\nonly to be treated with contempt, but deemed an enemy to their\\ncountry, it being a circumstance that needs only be mentioned to any\\nperson inspired with the least sense of liberty, that it may be detested\\nand abhorred. Without Signature.\\nMEETING OF THE INHABITANTS.\\nAt a meeting of a number of inhabitants of this Province on the\\n19th inst., 1769, the Hon. Jonathan Bryan in the chair.\\nThe Committee appointed to prepare resolutions at this alarming\\ncrisis, by the imposition of several acts of the British Parliament,\\npresented the following, which were agreed to, and ordered to be\\npublished in the next Gazette\\nWe, inhabitants of Georgia, finding ourselves reduced to the greatest distress\\nand most abject condition by the operation of several acts of the British Legis-\\nlature, by means whereof our prosperity is arbitrarily wrested from us, contrary\\nto the true spirit of our Constitution and the repeatedly confirmed birthright of\\nevery Briton under all these oppressions, finding that the most dutiful and", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "REVOLUTIONARY DOCUMENTS. 43\\nloyal petitions from the colonies for redress of grievances have not answered the\\nsalutary purpose we intended, and being destitute of all hope of relief from our\\nmultiplied and increasing distresses but by our industry, frugality, and economy,\\nfirmly resolved never to be in the least accessory to the loss of any privilege we\\nare entitled to.\\nTherefore, we whose names are hereunto subscribed, do solemnly agree and\\npromise to and each other, that until the said acts are repealed, we will most\\nfaithfully abide by, and adhere to and fulfil the following resolutions\\n1st. That we will encourage and promote American manufactures, and of this\\nProvince in particular.\\n2nd. That as the raising of sheep for the benefit of wool will be of the utmost\\nutility, we do therefore engage not to kill or sell any lambs that shall be yeaned\\nbefore the first of May in every year to any butcher or other person whom we\\nmay have reason to think intends to kill the same.\\n3rd. That we will promote the raising of cotton and flax, and encourage spin-\\nning and weaving.\\n4th. That we will, upon no pretence, either upon our own account or commis-\\nsion, import into this province any of the manufactures of Great Britain, or\\nEuropean, or East India goods, other than may be shipped in consequence of\\nformer orders, except only negro cloth not exceeding Is. and 4 pence per yard\\npsnaburgs, canvass, cordage, drugs, and hardware of all sorts, paper not exceed-\\ning 10 shillings per ream, fire-arms, gunpowder, shot, lead, flints, saltpetre,\\ncoals, printed books and pamphlets; white and striped flannels, not above 9\\nshillings per yard, white linen not above 15 shillings and 8 pence per yard,\\nwoollen and thread hose not exceeding 24 shillings 5 pence per dozen, striped\\ncottons not exceeding 13 shillings and 4 pence per yard, checks not above\\n13 shillings and 3 pence per yard, felt hats not above 48 shillings per\\ndozen, bolting cloths, mill and grind stones, cotton and wool cards, and\\nwire thread not above 8 shillings and 5 pence per pound, shoes not above\\n48 shillings per dozen; as also the following goods necessary for the Indian\\nIrade, strouds, vermilion, beads, looking-glasses, and paint; and exclusive of\\nthese articles, we do solemnly promise and declare that we will immediately\\ncountermand all orders to our correspondents in Great Britain for shipping any\\ngoods, wares or merchandise other than herein before excepted, and will sell and\\ndispose of the goods we now or hereafter may have, at the same rate and prices\\nas before.\\n5th. That we will neither purchase or give mourning at funerals.\\n6th. That from and after the 1st of June, 1770, we will not import, buy or sell\\nany negroes that shall be brought into this Province from Africa nor after the\\n1st of January next, any negroes from the West Indies, or any other place, ex-\\ncepting from Africa aforesaid; and if any goods or negroes be sent to us con-\\ntrary to our agreement in this subscription, such goods shall be reshipped or\\nstowed, and such negroes re-shipped from this Province, and not by any means\\noffered for sale therein.\\n7th. That we will not import, on our own account, or on commission purchase,\\nfrom any masters of vessels, transient persons, or non-subscribers, any wines\\nafter the 15th day of March next.\\n8th. That we will not purchase any negroes imported, or any goods, wares, or", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "44 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OP GEORGIA.\\nmerchandise, from any resident of this Province or transient person that shall\\naeglect to sign this agreement within five weeks from the date thereof, except\\nit appear he shall be unavoidably prevented from so doing; and every person\\nsigning and not strictly adhering to the same, according to the true intent and\\nmeaning thereof, and also every non-subscriber, shall be looked upon as no\\nfriend to his country. Without Signature.\\nOn the 20th of July, 1774, the following notice appeared in the\\nGeorgia Gazette\\nThe critical situation to which the British Colonies in America are likely to be\\nreduced, from the arbitrary and alarming imposition of the late acts of the Bri-\\ntish Parliament respecting the town of Boston, as well as the acts that at present\\nexist, tending to the raising of a perpetual revenue without the consent of the\\npeople or their representatives, is considered an object extremely important at\\nthis juncture, and particularly calculated to deprive the American subjects of\\ntheir constitutional rights and liberties, as a part of the British Empire. It is\\ntherefore requested that all persons within the limits of this Province do attend\\nat Savannah, on Wednesday, the 27th of July, in order that the said matters may\\nbe taken into consideration, and such other constitutional measures pursued as\\nmay appear most eligible. Signed,\\nNoble W. Jones,\\nArchibald Bulloch,\\nJohn Houstoun,\\n14th July, 1774. John Walton.\\n27th July, 1774.\\nThe following w r as addressed to the different parishes\\nGentlemen, At a very respectable meeting of the inhabitants of this Pro\\nvince, held this day at Savannah, for the purpose of concerting such measures as\\nmay be proper to be pursued respecting certain late acts of the British Parliament,\\nit was, after some business being entered upon, objected that many of the out\\nparishes might not have a sufficient notification of the intended meeting; and\\ntherefore\\nResolved, That all further business be postponed till the 10th of August next,\\nand that in the mean time notice be given to the inhabitants of the several\\nparishes, in order to afford them an opportunity of sending down deputies to\\ndeliver their sense upon this very important occasion.\\nIn pursuance of this resolve, I take the liberty, as Chairman of the Committee;\\nto request you will send gentlemen duly authorized to attend on behalf of your\\nparish at the next meeting. The number expected to join the Committee is agree-\\nable to the number of representatives each parish sends to the General Assembly.\\nThe Committee to meet you at Savannah are: John Glen, John Smith, Joseph\\nClay, John Houstoun, N. W. Jones. Lyman Hall, Wm. Young, E. Telfair, Samuel\\nFarley, Geo. Walton, Joseph Habersham, Jonathan Bryan, Jonathan Cochran,\\nGeo. W. Mcintosh, Sutton, William Gibbons, Benj. Andrew, John Winn\\nJohn Stirk, A. Powell, James Beaven, D. Zubly, H. L. Bourquine, Elisha Butler,\\nWm. Baker, Parmenus Way, John Baker. John Mann. John Bennefield, John Stacy,\\nJohn Morell. I am, dear Sir, John Glen.", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "REVOLUTIONARY DOCUMENTS. 45\\nResolutions entered into at Savannah, in Georgia, on Wednesday, the 10th of\\nAugust, 1774, at a General Meeting of the inhabitants of the Province, assembled to\\nconsider the State of the Colonies hi America.\\nResolved, nemine contradicente, That his Majesty s subjects in America owe\\nthe same allegiance, and are entitled to the same rights, privileges, and immu-\\nnities with their fellow subjects in Great Britain.\\nResolved, nemine contradicente, That as protection and allegiance are reciprocal,\\nand under the British Constitution correlative terms, his Majesty s subjects in\\nAmerica have a clear and indisputable right, as well from the general laws of\\nmankind, as from the ancient and established customs of the land so often recog-\\nnized, to petition the Throne upon every emergency.\\nResolved, nemine contradicente, That an Act of Parliament lately passed, for\\nblockading the port and harbour of Boston, is contrary to our idea of the British\\nConstitution: First, for that it in effect deprives good and lawful men of the use\\nof their property without judgment of their peers and secondly, for that it is in\\nnature of an ex pest facto law. and indiscriminately blends as objects of punish-\\nment the innocent with the guilty neither do we conceive the same justified\\nupon a principle of necessity, for that numerous instances evince that the laws\\nand executive power of Boston have made sufficient provision for the punishment\\nof all offenders against persons and property.\\nResolved, nemine contradicente, That the Act for abolishing the Charter of Mas-\\nsachusetts Bay tends to the subversion of American rights for besides those gene-\\nral liberties, the original settlers brought over with them as their birthright, parti-\\ncular immunities granted by such charter, as an inducement and means of set-\\ntling the Province: and we apprehend the said Charter cannot be dissolved\\nbut by a voluntary surrender of the people, representatively declared.\\nResolved, nemine contradicente, That we apprehend the Parliament of Great Bri-\\ntain hath not, nor ever had, any right to tax his Majesty s American subjects:\\nfor it is evident beyond contradiction, the constitution admits of no taxation\\nwithout representation that they are coeval and inseparable; and every demand\\nfor the support of government should be by requisition made to the several houses\\nof representatives.\\nResolved, nemine contradicente. That it is contrary to natural justice and the\\nestablished law of the land, to transport any person to Great Britain or elsewhere,\\nto be tried under indictment for a crime committed in any of the colonies, as the\\nparty prosecuted would thereby be deprived of the privilege of trial by his peers\\nfrom the vicinage, the injured perhaps prevented from legal reparation, and both\\nlose the full benefit of their witnesses.\\nResolved, nemine contradicente, That we concur with our sister colonies in\\nevery constitutional measure to obtain redress of American grievances, and will\\nby every lawful means in our power, maintain those inestimable blessings for\\nwhich we are indebted to God and the Constitution of our country a Constitution\\nfounded upon reason and justice, and the indelible rights of mankind.\\nResolved, nemine contradicente, That the Committee appointed by the meeting\\nof the inhabitants of this Province, on Wednesday, the 27th of July last, together\\nwith the deputies who have appeared here on this day from the different parishes,", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "46 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nbe a General Committee to act; and that any eleven or more of them shall have\\nfull power to correspond with the Committees of the several Provinces upon the\\ncontinent; and that copies of these resolutions, as well as all other proceedings,\\nbe transmitted without delay to the Committees of Correspondence in the respec-\\ntive Provinces.\\nAt this meeting a Committee was appointed to receive subscriptions\\nfor the suffering poor in Boston, consisting of William Ewen, Wil-\\nliam Young, Joseph Clay, John Houstoun, Noble Wymberley Jones,\\nEdward Telfair, John Smith, Samuel Farley, and Andrew Elton\\nWells, Esquires.\\nThese meetings were warmly opposed by Sir James Wright, then\\nGovernor of Georgia. In one of his letters to the Earl of Dartmouth\\nhe says\\nThere are. my lord, here, as well as everywhere else, malcontents and liberty\\npeople, and I will not answer for their conduct, whether it may not be ungrateful\\nand improper but as soon as they have come to any resolutions or determina-\\ntions. I shall not fail to acquaint your lordship therewith.\\nThe following is Sir James Wright s proclamation in reference to\\nthe meeting of the 27th of July.\\nWhereas I have received information that, on Wednesday, the 27th\\nof July last past, a number of persons, in consequence of a printed\\nbill or summons issued or dispersed throughout the Province, by certain\\npersons unknown, did unlawfully assemble together at the Watch\\nHouse, in the town of Savannah, under colour or pretence of consult-\\ning together for the redress of public grievances or imaginary griev-\\nances and that the persons so assembled for the purposes aforesaid,\\nor some of them, are from and by their own authority, by a certain\\nhandbill issued and dispersed throughout the Province, and other\\nmethods, endeavouring to prevail on his Majesty s liege subjects to\\nhave another meeting on Wednesday, the 10th inst., similar to the\\nformer, and for the purposes aforesaid which summonses and meet-\\nings must tend to raise fears and jealousies in the minds of his Majesty s\\ngood subjects.\\nAnd whereas an opinion prevails, and has been industriously propa-\\ngated, that summonses and meetings of this nature are constitutional\\nand legal in order, therefore, that his Majesty s liege subjects may\\nnot be misled and imposed upon by artful and designing men, I do,\\nby and with the advice of his Majesty s honourable Council, issue\\nthis my proclamation, notifying that all such summonses and calls by\\nprivate persons, and all assembling and meetings of the people which\\nmav tend to raise fears and jealousies in the minds of his Majesty s\\nsubjects, under pretence of consulting together for redress of public\\ngrievances, are unconstitutional, illegal, and punishable by law. And", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "REVOLUTIONARY DOCUMENTS. 47\\nI do hereby require all his Majesty s liege subjects within this province\\nto pay due regard to this my proclamation, as they will answer the\\ncontrary at their peril.\\nGiven under my hand, this 5th day of August, and by his Excel-\\nlency s command.\\nGod save the King.\\nJames Wright.\\nThomas Moodie, Dept. Sec.\\nA few days after the meeting referred to in this proclamation,\\nthrough the influence of Governor Wright, another was held, at\\nwhich a hundred persons signed a public dissent to the proceedings\\nof the first meeting. McCall says, that similar dissents were placed\\nin the hands of the governor s influential friends, and sent in different\\ndirections over the country, to obtain subscribers allowing a sum of\\nmoney to each of those persons proportioned to the number of sub-\\nscribers they obtained, and as a compensation for their services. Under\\nthese advantageous circumstances, the royal servants were successful\\nin obtaining signatures from many timid men, who were favourably\\ndisposed to the American cause. The number of subscribers was\\nmagnified to a considerable majority of the provincial population. In\\nsome instances, the number of subscribers exceeded the population\\nof the parishes from whence they came and from others the signa-\\ntures of men were affixed who had been dead many years. Theonlv\\npress in the province was under the control of Governor Wright,\\nand the printer was charged with partiality to the royal government,\\nin withholding facts from the public which would have given the\\ntrue impression; which had a tendency to strengthen the British and\\nweaken the American cause.", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "48 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nDISSENT TO THE RESOLUTIONS OF AUGUST 10, 1774.\\nOn the tenth instant, a meeting was held at Savannah, to which\\nseveral districts and parishes, particularly St. Paul s, one of the most\\npopulous in the Province, sent no deputies and although one Lord,\\nand another person attended as deputies from the parish of St. George,\\nyet upwards of 80 respectable inhabitants of that parish sent down\\ntheir dissent. Nor was the parish of Christ Church represented at\\nthis meeting, unless the self-appointed committee be considered as\\ntheir representatives. The measure left an opening for any to appear at\\nthe meeting in the character of deputies, who brought down an appoint-\\nment as such, without any inquiry whether they were constituted by\\nthe majority of the parish or not. Several artful falsehoods were\\nthrown out to induce the parishes and districts to send deputies. In\\nthe Parish of St. George, it was said that the Stamp Act was to be\\nenforced and in the parish of St. Matthew, the people were told thav\\nnothing was intended but a dutiful petition to the king, as the father\\nof his people and to such lengths were matters carried, that when\\nsome of the inhabitants of St. Matthew s parish discovered the deception,\\nand desired that they might scratch out their names from the instru-\\nment appointing deputies it was refused them. Their adjournment\\nfrom the 27th of July to the tenth of August was general, and there-\\nfore it was natural to suppose that the last meeting would be held at\\nthe Vendue house, the same place as the first for whenever it is in-\\ntended that a future meeting of any kind shall be held at a different\\nplace than that which is usual, notice is always given of the altera-\\ntion of the place of meeting, otherwise most of those who may be de-\\nsirous of attending, would not know where to go. In the present\\ncase none knew that the second meeting would be held at a different\\nplace than the first, except those few who were in the secret. But\\nthe important meeting of the 10th of August, in defence of the con-\\nstitutional rights and liberties of American subjects, was held at a\\ntavern, and it was said, twenty-six persons, with the doors shut for a\\nconsiderable time, undertook to bind them by resolution and when\\nseveral gentlemen attempted to join, the tavern-keeper, who stood at the\\ndoor with a list in his hand, refused them admittance, because their\\nnames were not mentioned in that list. Such was the conduct of\\nthese pretended advocates for the liberties of America. Several of\\nthe inhabitants of St. Paul s and St. George s, two of the most populous,\\nhave transmitted their written dissent to any resolutions, and there\\nwere gentlemen ready to present their dissent, had not the doors been\\nshut for a considerable time, and admittance refused. And it is con-\\nceived that shutting the door and refusing admittance to any but reso-\\nlutioners, was calculated to prevent the rest of the inhabitants from\\ngiving their dissent to measures that were intended to operate as the\\nunanimous sense of the Province. Upon the whole, the world will\\njudge whether the meeting of the 10th inst., held by a few persons in", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "REVOLUTIONARY DOCUMENTS.\\n49\\na tavern, with doors shut, can, with any appearance of truth or de-\\ncency, be called a general meeting of the inhabitants of Georgia.\\nHaving now given our reasons at large, we enter this our public dis-\\nsent to the said resolutions of. the 10th, and all the proceedings had\\nor to be had thereon, and do earnestly desire that such resolutions\\nmay not be taken as the sense of the inhabitants of Georgia.\\n(Signed.)\\nWm. Ross,\\nJohn Parkinson,\\nE. Jones.\\nJohn Graham,\\nThomas Ried,\\nJohn Storr,\\nWm. Brown, Jr.,\\nJames Herriott,\\nJohn Lowery,\\nN. Wade,\\nMatthew Stewart,\\nCharles Gounge,\\nRobt. Gray,\\nJames Dixee,\\nSamuel Shepherd,\\nWm. Strothers,\\nWm. Thompson,\\nStephen Britton,\\nGeo. Henley,\\nJohn Spencer,\\nJames Low,\\nDaniel McInnes,\\nJonathan Holden,\\nHenry Forest,\\nJohn Mills.\\nJames Habersham,\\nLachlan McGilliyray,\\nJosiah Tattnall,\\nJames Hume,\\nJohn Jamierson.\\nTho. Johnston,\\nJohn Simpson,\\nJames Robertson,\\nA\u00c2\u00a3TXr~TH0MPSON,\\nLewis Johnson,\\nJohn Irvine,\\nAnthony Stokes,\\nEdward Langworthy,\\nJoseph Butler,\\nWm. Skinner,\\nJames Mossman,\\nHenry Younge,\\nPhilip Younge,\\nTho. Moodie,\\nPhilip Moore,\\nJos. Ottolenghe,\\nGeo. Frazer,\\nJohn Inglish,\\nDavid Montaigut,\\nJames Read,\\nWm. Moss,\\nHenry Younge, Jr..\\nJames Farley,\\nJames Nicol,\\nTho. Ross,\\nJames Thompson.\\nRichard Wright,\\nJohn Patton,\\nJohn Hume,\\nJames E. Powell,\\nLeonard Cecil,\\nMoses Nunes,\\nAndrew^Robertson,\\nHenry Preston,\\nRobert Bolton,\\nNoble Jones,\\nJames Habersham,\\nJames A. Stewart,\\nPeter La Vein,*\\nJohn Mullryne,\\nJohn B. Garardiau,\\nAbraham Gray,\\nRobert Watt,\\nAlex. Wylly,\\nDavid Gray,\\nWm. Moore,\\nQuinton Pooler,\\nFrancis Knowles,\\nGeo. Finch,\\nThe following persons in other districts of this parish have subscri-\\nbed hereunto\\nUpon the Island of Skidaway, Geo. Barry, Charles W. McKinon,\\nRobert Reid.\\nIn Vernonburgh, David Johnson, Geo. Dron, Nathaniel Adams,\\nWalter Denny, Peter Theis, Joseph Sp ense r, Henry Nungazer,\\nJohn Campbell, George Nungazer, James Noble, John Ranstal-\\nler.\\nPeter La Vein dissents, because he conceives that, as an inhabitant of Christ Church\\nParish, he was not represented.", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "50 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nGOVERNOR WRIGHT S SPEECH TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY,\\nAND THEIR ANSWER.\\nSavannah, Geo., January 18, 1775.\\nThis day the General Assembly of this Province met here, when\\nhis Excellency, Sir James Wright, Baronet, Governor in Chief, c,\\nwas pleased to deliver the following speech to both Houses, viz\\nSavannah, Geo., January IS, 1775.\\nHonourable Gentlemen, Mr. Speaker,\\nand Gentlemen of the Commons House of Assembly\\nThis being the first opportunity that has offered in General Assem-\\nbly, I must not omit acquainting you that in consequence of the\\nPetition of both Houses, his Majesty was spaciously pleased to\\ndirect, that if this Province should be engaged in any actual Indian\\nwar, we should have every proper succour and protection and I was\\nordered to apply to the Commander-in-chief of his Majesty s forces\\nin America, for that purpose, who had received directions thereupon.\\nThe alarming situation of American affairs at this juncture makes\\nit highly necessary for me to sav something to you on the subject\\nand it is with the utmost concern that I see by every account all\\nthe colonies to the northward of us. as far as Nova-Scotia, in a gen-\\neral ferment and some of them in such a state as makes me shudder\\nwhen I think of the consequences which it is most probable will soon\\nbefall them. The unhappv disputes with the mother countrv are\\nnow become of the most serious nature, and I am much afraid the\\nvery extraordinarv and violent measures adopted and pursued, will\\nnot only prevent a reconciliation, but may involve all America in the\\nmost dreadful calamities.\\nGentlemen. I think myself very happy in having it in my power to\\nsav. that this Province is hitherto clear and I much hope, by your\\nprudent conduct, will remain so. Be not led away by the voices and\\nopinions of men of overheated ideas consider coolly and sensibly of the\\nterrible consequences which may attend adopting resolutions and mea-\\nsures expressly contrary to law, and hostile to the mother country espe-\\ncially at so late a season, when we may almost daily expect to hear the\\ndetermination of Great Britain on the matters in dispute, and there-\\nfore, I conceive, can answer no purpose but that of throwing the\\nProvince into confusion and I tremble at the apprehension of what\\nmaybe the resolution and declarations of the new Parliament relative\\nto the conduct of the people in some parts of America. \\\\ou may be\\nadvocates for liberty, so aro I but in a constitutional and le^al way.\\nYou, gentlemen, are legislators, and let me entreat you to take care\\nhow you give a sanction to trample on law and government and be\\nassured it is an indispensable truth, that where there is no law\\nthere can be no liberty. It is the due course of law. It is the\\ndue course of law and support of government which only can ensure", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "REVOLUTIONARY DOCUMENTS. 51\\nto you the enjoyment of your lives, your liberty, and your estates\\nand do not catch at the shadow and lose the substance. I exhort you\\nnot to suffer yourselves to be drawn in to involve this Province in the\\ndistresses of those who may have offended we are in a different sit-\\nuation, and on a very different footing from the other colonies. Do\\nnot consider me as speaking to you as the Kind s governor of this\\nProvince. As such, gentlemen, it is certainly my duty to support\\nhis Majesty s just right and authority, and preserve peace and good\\norder within my government, and to contribute as much as possible\\ntowards the prosperity and happiness of the Province and people.\\nBelieve me, when I tell you I am at this time actuated by further\\nmotives than a show only of discharging my duty as the King s gov-\\nernor. I have lived amongst and presided over you upwards of four-\\nteen years, and have other feelings. I have a real and affectionate\\nregard for the people, and it grieves me that a Province that I have,\\nbeen so long in, and which I have seen nurtured by the Crown, at the\\nleast expense to the mother country, and grew up from mere infancy,\\nfrom next to nothing, to a considerable degree of maturity and opu-\\nlence, should, by the imprudence and rashness of some inconsider-\\nate people, be plunged into a state of distress and ruin. We have\\nbeen most happy in, I hope, avoiding Scylla, and let me, in the\\nstrongest terms, conjure you to steer clear of Charybdis.\\nIt is a most melancholy and disagreeable subject, and therefore I shall\\navoid making any observations on the resolutions adopted by the other\\ncolonies but hope, through your prudence and regard for the welfare\\nand happiness of this Province, of yourselves and your posterity, none will\\nbe entered into here. The strongest reasons operate against it, and as\\nthey must occur to every considerate person, I shall not mention any.\\nGentlemen of Assembly, The very dangerous and critical situa-\\ntion of our affairs with tbe Creek Indians last spring, preventing your\\ngoing on with the necessary business of the Province at that time, I\\ntherefore hope and depend, that, agreeable to your address to me, of the\\n12th of March, 1? 74, you shall now take the several matters formerly re-\\ncommended to you into consideration, and proceed thereupon with that\\nserious attention they require, and to which I shall only add, that, in\\norder to preserve and continue to us peace and quietness with the\\nIndian trade, and transactions in the Indian country, to prevent en-\\ncroachments and trespasses on the lands and hunting grounds of the\\nIndians, and other irregularities and abuses being committed by hun-\\nters and other disorderly people, both without and within the settle-\\nments and therefore most earnestly recommend a revisal of a Bill\\nrelative to Indian affairs, which was before the House of Assembly\\nin the year 1769, in which I am persuaded you will find some clauses\\nthat may be most useful and salutary to the Province.\\nI have ordered the treasurer to lay all the public accounts before\\nyou, and will very soon send you an estimate of the usual and neces-\\nsary supplies since the last tax. James Wright.\\nTo the Upper House of Assembly.", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "52 historical collections of georgia.\\nIn the Upper House of Assembly,\\nJanuary \\\\8th, 1775.\\nA Message to the Commons House of Assembly\\nMr. Speaker and Gentlemen\\nThis House having- taken seriously into consideration those mat-\\nters mentioned by his Excellency, in his speech to both Houses,\\nrespecting the present alarming state of the unhappy dispute between\\nGreat Britain and the colonies, and conceiving the subject to be of\\nthe highest importance to the welfare and safety of both, is therefore\\ndesirous of having a free conference with your House thereon, in hopes\\nof being able to fix on such a plan of conduct as may reasonably be\\nexpected will prove conducive to the obtaining the great point, which\\nevery true friend to America hath or ought to have only in view, to wit:\\nthat of securing to its inhabitants, on a clear, solid, and permanent\\nfooting, all the rights and privileges to which, as British subjects,\\nthey are entitled on the principles of the constitution.\\nFor, however warmly this House may and doth condemn the vio-\\nlent and ill-judged measures pursued by some of the other Provinces,\\nwhich they conceive to have an evident tendency to widen the breach\\nbetween Great Britain and the colonies, it may involve all America\\nin a scene of the utmost distress and misery yet it is the sincere\\nwish of this House, as far as in their power, to see every obstacle\\nremoved which may interrupt a cordial and lasting union with the\\nmother country, or obstruct or prevent his Majesty s American sub-\\njects from enjoying all the constitutional rights of British subjects,\\nand will at once testify loyalty to our most gracious Sovereign, a firm\\nattachment to the British Constitution, and a warm and proper regard\\nto the rights and liberties of America.\\nOn Friday, the 20th of January, the following Addresses were pre-\\nsented to his Excellency, viz.\\nTo his Excellency, Sir James Wright, Baronet, Captain- General,\\nGovernor and Commander -in- Chief in and over his Majesty s Pro-\\nvince cf Georgia, Chancellor and Vice-Admiral of the same.\\nThe humble Address of the Upper House of Assembly\\nMay it please your Excellency, We, his Majesty s most dutiful\\nand loyal subjects, the Council of Georgia, in General Assembly met,\\nbeg leave to return your Excellency our most cordial thanks for your\\ntruly affectionate speech to both Houses of Assembly, at the opening\\nof this session. We receive with pleasure and gratitude the inform-\\nation you have been pleased to give us of the favourable reception\\nthe petition from both Houses met with from our most gracious", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "REVOLUTIONARY DOCUMENTS. 53\\nSovereign, and that his Majesty had been pleased to order troops for\\nour protection, in case we had been unhappily engaged in an Indian War.\\nAfter having had the experience of your Excellency s prudent and\\nequitable administration for upwards of fourteen years, we can have\\nno doubt of your real and friendly concern for the true interest of this\\nProvince. The language of your Excellency s speech upon the sub-\\nject, of the highest importance to the people of Georgia, is so truly\\npaternal, that every unprejudiced person must be convinced of its being\\ndictated by a heart warm with love and affection for the people over\\nwhom you preside and we hope it will meet with that return of\\ngratitude and attention which the affectionate spirit it breathes, and\\nthe great importance of the subject merits.\\nIt is with the deepest concern we see the alarming lengths to\\nwhich the present unhappy dispute between the mother country and\\nthe colonies is carried lengths that threaten a dissolution of\\nall good order and government, and of that union on which the hap-\\npiness and prosperity of both countries depend.\\nBut, whilst we lament these unhappy discussions, and disapprove\\nof all violent and intemperate measures, and at the same time declare\\nit to be our pride and glory to be constitutionally connected with\\nGreat Britain by the closest and most endearing ties, and that we\\ndread nothing more than a dissolution of those ties yet, anxious for\\nthe present welfare of our country, and the interest of our posterity,\\nour ardent wish is that his Majesty s American subjects may enjoy\\nall the rights and privileges of British subjects, as fully and effectu-\\nally, in all respects, as the inhabitants of Great Britain do and to\\nthat end it now appears highly necessary that the constitutional\\nrights of his American subjects may be clearly defined and firmly\\nestablished, that so they may hold those inestimable blessings on such\\na footing as will unite the mother country and the colonies by a recip-\\nrocation of benefits, and on terms consistent with the spirit of the\\nconstitution, and the honour, dignity and safety of the whole empire.\\nAnd we wish and hope to see a matter of such importance taken up\\nin a constitutional way by both Houses of Assembly, not in the least\\ndoubting, but that if such prudent and temperate measures are adopted\\nby the legislatures of other Provinces, we shall see them crowned\\nwith that success which may remove the unhappy division now sub-\\nsisting, and bind us to our mother country by the tie of interest, love\\nand gratitude, and establish the prosperity, power and grandeur of the\\nBritish Empire, on foundations which may last till time shall be no\\nmore. Nor can we doubt of success, when we reflect that we are\\nblessed with a King who glories in being the equal father of all his\\npeople and therefore can and do submit our cause with full confi-\\ndence to his royal wisdom and paternal goodness. Neither will we\\nsuppose that a British Parliament, that great and august body, who\\nhave so often generously asserted and defended the liberties of\\nother nations, will disregard the equitable claims of their fellow-\\nsubjects.\\nWe entirely agree with your Excellency in the opinion that where", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "54 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nthere is no law there can be no true liberty, and that it is the due and\\nregular course of law and support of government which can alone\\nensure to us and our posterity the enjoyment of our lives, liberty and\\nproperty.\\nWe will cheerfully concur in the several matters recommended by\\nyour Excellency, and give them that serious attention which the util-\\nity of them requires.\\nBy order of the House.\\nN. Jones.\\n(His Excellency s Answer.)\\nHonourable Gentlemen,\\nThe loyalty and affection expressed towards his Majesty, in\\nthis address, give me the greatest satisfaction, as it likewise\\ndoes to see that your sentiments on the very important matters men-\\ntioned in many respects coincide with my own and happy would it\\nhave been for America had the several legislatures proceeded in\\nthe manner you propose.\\nI return you my best thanks, gentlemen, for your kind opinion of\\nmy regard for, and wishes to serve this Province.\\nJames Wright.\\nTo his Excellency, Sir James Wright, Baronet, Captain- General,\\nand Governor -in- Chief of his Majesty s Province of Georgia,\\nChancellor and Vice-Admiral of the same.\\nThe Address of the Commons House of Assembly\\nMay it please your Excellency, We, his Majesty s dutiful and\\nmost loyal subjects, the Commons of Georgia in General Assem-\\nbly, return your Excellency our thanks for your speech to both\\nHouses on the opening of this session.\\nWe are greatly obliged to his Majesty for his gracious intentions\\nbut allow us, sir, to observe, that we apprehended the Province was\\nactually involved in a war, when we submitted our Petition for assist-\\nance and, whilst we confess our real obligations to your Excellency\\nfor your conduct, assiduity, and perseverance, and render you our\\nwarmest acknowledgments for putting a happy end to that war, we\\ncannot, but with horror, reflect on the dreadful crisis to which this\\nProvince must have been reduced, had we experienced no other\\nresource than those dilatory succours which the administration meant\\nconditionally to afford us.\\nWe cannot be less affected by, and concerned for, the present\\nalarming situation of our affairs between Great Britain and America,\\nthan your Excellency we would be equally insensible not to feel our\\nnumerous grievances, and not to wish them redressed it is that alone\\nwhich every good American contends for it is the enjoyment of our\\nconstitutional rights and liberties that softens every care of life, and\\nrenders existence itself supportable. At the same time, in all our", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "REVOLUTIONARY DOCUMENTS. 55\\nproceedings, we shall studiously avoid every measure that shall not\\nappear to us at once strictly consonant with our duty to his Majesty,\\nand the interest, liberty, and welfare of our constituents. We shall,\\non all occasions, exert ourselves to accomplish every assurance we\\nhave already made, or may make to your Excellency, and will not\\nfail to take into consideration the bill which you are pleased to point\\nout and recommend. When the public accounts and estimates are\\nlaid before us, we will give them proper attention.\\nBy order of the House.\\nWilliam Young, Speaker.\\n{His Excellency s Answer.)\\nMr. Speaker and Gentlemen of the\\nCommons House of Assembly\\nI am sorry that I must beg leave to differ with you in opinion with\\nrespect to the state we were in, when your Petition to his Majesty\\nwas given to me, and which I immediately transmitted. It is true\\nseveral people had been murdered by Indians, but I conceive that\\nthat could by no means be called actually involved in a war with the\\nNation. There were murders committed by a small party only of\\nCreek Indians, without the concurrence, or even the privity of the\\nNation, and disavowed by them as soon as they knew of it and I\\napprehend something further was necessary, before we could be said\\nto be involved in actual war with the Indians and every account I\\nreceived from them after this time was favourable, and showed rather\\na pacific than a hostile disposition and which accounts I always\\ntransmitted to his Majesty s Secretary of State, as it was my duty to\\ndo. It gives me great pleasure to observe my conduct approved of\\nby the Representatives of the people, and for which I thank you. 1\\nhave every inducement to serve. the Province, and to promote the\\nwelfare and happiness of the people, and which I shall continue to do\\nto the utmost of my power and on the other hand, I cannot doubt\\nbut you will also approve all my endeavours to discharge my duty to\\nthe Crown, with honour and integrity. And let me assure you, gen-\\ntlemen, that no man can more wish his Majesty s American subjects\\nthe full and present enjoyment of their constitutional rights and lib-\\nerties than I do.\\nJames Wright.\\nHouse of Assembly, Geo., January, 1775.\\nThe House, taking under consideration that the Parliament of\\nGreat Britain claim a power of right to bind the people of America\\nby statute, in all cases whatsoever, and who have in some acts ex\\npressly imposed taxes on the Americans, under various pretences,\\nbut in fact for the purpose of raising a revenue hath established a", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "56 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nBoard of Commissioners with unconstitutional powers, and extended\\nthe jurisdiction of the Courts of Admiralty, not only for collecting the\\nduties imposed by the said acts, but for the trial of causes merely\\nrising within the body of a county. And whereas standing armies have\\nbeen, and now are kept in America in time of profound peace and\\nbeing resolved in Parliament, that, by force of a statute made in the\\nthirty-fifth year of the reign of Henry the Eighth, colonists may be\\ntransported to England and tried there upon accusations for treason,\\nmisprisions, or concealments of treasons committed in the colonies\\nand, by a late statute, such trials have been directed in cases therein\\nmentioned. And whereas, also, assemblies have been frequently\\ndissolved, contrary to the rights of the people, when they attempted\\nto deliberate on the grievances Therefore, this House doth, as Eng-\\nlishmen, their ancestors, in like cases have usually done, for assisting\\nand vindicating their Rights and Liberties, Declare\\nFirst. That the inhabitants of the English Colonies of North America, by the\\nimmutable laws of nature, the principles of the English Constitution, and the\\nseveral charters or compacts, have the following Rights:\\nSecondly. That they are entitled to life, liberty and property, and they have\\nnever ceded to any sovereign power whatever a right to dispose of either, without\\ntheir consent.\\nThirdly. That our ancestors, that first settled these colonies, were, at the\\ntime of their emigration from the mother country, entitled to all the rights, liber-\\nties, and immunities of free and natural-born subjects within the realm of Eng-\\nland.\\nFourthly. That by such emigration they by no means forfeited, surrendered,\\nor lost any of these rights, but that they were, and their descendants now are, en-\\ntitled to the exercise and enjoyment of all such of them as their local and other\\ncircumstances enable them to exercise and enjoy.\\nFifthly. That the foundation of English liberty, and of all free government,\\nis a right in the people to participate in the legislative council and as the\\nEnglish colonists are not represented, and from their local and other circum-\\nstances cannot properly be represented in the British Parliament, they are en-\\ntitled to a free and exclusive power of legislation, in their several provincial\\nlegislatures, where their right of representation can alone be preserved in all\\ncases of taxation and internal policy, subject only to the negative of their so-\\nvereigns, in such a manner as has been heretofore used and accustomed: but\\nfrom the necessity of the case, and a regard to the mutual interest of both coun-\\ntries, we cheerfully consent to the operation of such acts of the British Parlia-\\nment as are bona fide restrained to the regulation of our external commerce, for\\nthe purpose of securing the commercial advantages of the whole Empire to\\nthe mother country and the commercial benefits of its respective members, ex-\\ncluding every idea of taxation, internal or external, for raising a revenue on\\nthe subjects in America without their consent.\\nSixthly.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 That the respective colonies are entitled to the common law of Eng-\\nland, and more especially to the great and inestimable privilege of being tried\\nby their peers of the vicinage, according to the course of that law.", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "REVOLUTIONARY DOCUMENTS.\\n57\\nSeventhly.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 That they are entitled to the benefit of such of the English sta-\\ntutes as existed at the time of their colonization, and which they have by expe-\\nrience respectively found to be applicable to their several local and other cir-\\ncumstances.\\nEighthly.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 That his Majesty s colonies are likewise entitled to all the immu-\\nnities and privileges granted and confirmed to them by royal charters, or se-\\ncured by their several codes of provincial laws.\\nNinthly.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 That they have a right peaceably to assemble and consider of their\\ngrievances, and petition the King, and that all the prosecutions, prohibitory\\nproclamations, and commitments for the same, are illegal.\\nTenthly.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 That the keeping a standing army in these colonies in time of\\npeace, without the consent of the legislature of that colony in which such\\narmy is kept, is against law.\\nEleventhly.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 And as it is indispensably necessary to good government, and\\nrendered essential by the English Constitution, that the constituent branches of\\nthe legislature be independent of each other\\nResolved, That the exercise of legislative power in any colony, by a coun\\ncil appointed during pleasure by the Crown, may prove dangerous and destruc-\\ntive to the freedom of American legislation.\\nAll and each of which the Commons of Georgia, in General Assembly, met to\\nclaim, demand, and insist on as their indubitable rights and liberties, which\\ncannot be legally taken from them, altered, or abridged, by any power whatso-\\never, without their consent.\\nAnd whereas, there are many infringements and violations of the foregoing\\nrights, which, from an ardent desire that harmony and mutual intercourse ot\\naffection and interest may be restored, we pass over for the present, and pro-\\nceed to state such acts and measures as have been adopted since the close of\\nthe said war, which demonstrates a system formed to enslave America.\\nResolved, That the following acts of Parliament are infringements and viola-\\ntions of the rights of the colonists, and that the repeal of them is essentially\\nnecessary, in order to restore harmony between Great Britain and the American\\nColonies\u00e2\u0080\u0094 viz. The several acts of 4 George the Third, chapter 15 and chapter\\n34 5 George the Third, chapter 25 6 George the Third, chapter 52 7 George\\nthe Third, chapter 41 and chapter 46 8 George the Third, chapter 22, which\\nimposes duties for the purpose of raising revenue in America\u00e2\u0080\u0094 extend the powers\\nof the admiralty courts beyond their ancient limits\u00e2\u0080\u0094 deprive the American sub-\\njects of trial by jury\u00e2\u0080\u0094 authorize the judge s certificate to indemnify the prose-\\ncutor of damages that he may otherwise be liable to\u00e2\u0080\u0094 requiring oppressive\\nsecurity from a claimant of ships and goods, seized before he shall be allowed\\nto defend his property\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and are subversive of American rights.\\nAlso, 12 George the Third, chapter 24, entitled An Act for the better secur-\\ning his Majesty s Dock-yards, Magazines, Ships, Ammunition, and Stores,\\nwhich declares a new offence in America, and deprives the American subjects\\nof a constitutional trial by jury of the vicinage, by authorizing the trial of any\\nperson charged with committing any offence described in the said act out of the\\nrealm, to be indicted and tried for the same in any shire or county within the\\nrealm.\\nAlso, the three acts passed in the last session of Parliament, for the stopping", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "58 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nthe port and blocking up the harbour of Boston for altering the charter and\\ngovernment of Massachusetts Bay, and that which is entitled An Act for the\\nbetter administration of justice, c.\\nAlso, the act passed in the same session, for establishing the Roman Catholic\\nReligion in the Province of Quebec, abolishing the equitable system of English\\nlaws, and erecting a tyranny there, to the great danger from so total a dissimi-\\nlarity of religion, law and government to the neighbouring British Colonies, by\\nthe assistance of whose blood and treasure the said country was conquered from\\nFrance.\\nAlso, the act passed in the same session, for the better providing suitable\\nquarters for officers and soldiers in his Majesty s service in North America.\\nAlso, that the keeping a standing army in several of these colonies, in time\\nof peace, without the consent of the legislature of that colony in which said\\narmy is kept, is against law.\\nResolved, That the thanks of this House be given to the members of the late\\nContinental Congress, for their wise and able exertions in the cause of American\\nLiberty.\\nResolved, That be Deputies to represent this Province in the\\nintended American Continental Congress proposed to be held in the City of\\nPhiladelphia on the 10th of May next, or any other place or time as may here-\\nafter be agreed on by the said Congress.*\\nOrdered, That Mr. Speaker do transmit a copy of the above resolves to the\\nHonourable Peyton Randolph, Esq., President of the said Congress.\\nAssociation entered into by forty -jive of the Deputies assembled in Provincial\\nCongress, at Savannah, in Georgia, on the 18th of January, 1775, and\\nby them subscribed on the 23rd, when they chose Noble Wymberley Jones,\\nArchibald Bulloch, and John Houstoun, Esquires, Delegates to rep-\\nresent that Colony in the Continental Congress, to be held in May next.\\nWhereas, a non-importation, non-consumption, and non-expor-\\ntation agreement, faithfully adhered to, will probably prove the most\\nspeedy, effectual, and peaceable measure to obtain redress of Ameri-\\ncan grievances, we do therefore, for ourselves and our constituents,\\nfirmly agree and associate under the sacred ties of virtue, honour,\\nand love of our country, as follows\\nFirst. That we will not receive into this Province any goods, wares, or mer-\\nchandise that shall be shipped from Great Britain or Ireland after the 15th day\\nof March next, or from any other place any such goods, wares or merchandise\\nas shall be shipped from these kingdoms after that time, except such as come\\nunder the rules and directions of the Ninth Article herein mentioned and ex-\\ncept such goods, wares or merchandise as are absolutely necessary for carrying\\non the Indian trade, subject, nevertheless, to the control of the Continental\\nSee letter from Noble Wymberley Jones, Archibald Bulloch, and John Houstoun, to\\nthe President of the Continental Congress, dated Savannah, April 6, 1775.", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "REVOLUTIONARY DOCUMENTS. 59\\nCongress intended to be held at Philadelphia on the 10th day of May next. Nor\\nwill we, from this day, import or purchase any tea from any port in the world,\\nor import any molasses, syrup, coffee, or pimento, from the British Plantations,\\nor from Dominica; nor wines from Madeira or the Western Islands, nor foreign\\nindigo.\\nSecond. That we will neither import nor purchase any slaves imported from\\nAfrica or elsewhere, after the 15th day of March next.\\nThird. That we will not export any merchandise or commodity whatsoever\\nto Great Britain or Ireland, or to the West Indies, after the first day of December\\nnext, except rice to Europe.\\nFourth. Such as are merchants, and use the British and Irish trade, will give\\norders, as soon as possible, to their factors, agents, and correspondents in Great\\nBritain and Ireland, not to ship any goods to them on any pretence whatsoever,\\nas they cannot be received in Georgia; and if any merchants residing in Great\\nBritain or Ireland shall, directly or indirectly, ship any goods, wares, or merchan-\\ndise for this Province, in order to break such non-importation agreement, or any\\nmanner contravene the same, on such unworthy conduct being well attested, it\\nought to be made public and on the same being so done, we will not from\\nthenceforth have any commercial connection with such merchant.\\nFifth. That such as are owners of vessels, will give positive orders to their\\ncaptains or masters, not to receive on board their vessels any goods prohibited by\\nthe said non-importation agreement, on pain of immediate dismission from their\\nservice.\\nSixth. We will use our utmost endeavours to improve the breed of sheep, arid\\nincrease their number to the greatest extent, and, to that end, will kill them as\\nsparingly as may be, especially those of a most profitable kind nor will we ex-\\nport any to the West Indies, or elsewhere and those of us who are. or may\\nbecome, overstocked with, or can conveniently spare any sheep, will dispose of\\nthem to our neighbours, especially to the poorer sort, on moderate terms.\\nSeventh. That we will, in our several stations, encourage frugality, economy,\\nand industry, and promote agriculture, arts, and the manufactures of America,\\nespecially those of wool and will discountenance and discourage every species\\nof extravagance and dissipation, especially horse-racing, and all kinds of gam-\\ning, cock-fighting, exhibition of shows, plays, and other expensive diversions and\\nentertainments and on the death of any relation or friend, none of us or our fa-\\nmilies will go into any further mourning dress than a black crape or ribbon on\\nthe arm or hat, for gentlemen, and a black ribbon and necklace, for ladies and\\nwe will discontinue the giving of scarfs and gloves at funerals.\\nEighth. That such as are venders of goods and merchandise, will not take\\nadvantage of the scarcity of goods that may be occasioned by this Association,\\nbut will sell the same at the rates they have been accustomed to do for twelve\\nmonths last past and if any vender of goods or merchandise shall sell any goods\\non higher terms, or shall in any manner, or by any device whatsoever, violate\\nor depart from this agreement, no person ought, nor will any of us, deal with any\\nsuch person, or his or her factor or agent, at any time thereafter, for any com-\\nmodity whatsoever.\\nNinth. In case any merchant, trader, or other person, shall receive any goods\\nor merchandise which shall be shipped after the 15th day of March, and before", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "60\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nthe 15th day of May next, the same ought forthwith, at the election of the owner,\\nto be either re-shipped or delivered to the Committee of the town, parish, or dis-\\ntrict wherein they shall be imported, to be stored, at the risk of the importer,\\nuntil the non-importation agreement shall cease, or be sold, under the direction\\nof the Committee aforesaid; and in the last-mentioned case, the owner or own-\\ners of such goods shall be reimbursed, out of the sales, the first costs and charges,\\nthe profit, if any, to be applied towards relieving such poor inhabitants of the\\ntown of Boston as are immediate sufferers by the Port Bill; and a particular ac-\\ncount of all goods so returned, stored, or sold, to be inserted in the public papers\\nand if any goods or merchandise shall be shipped after the said 15th day of May\\nnext, the same ought forthwith to be sent back again, without breaking any of\\nthe packages thereof.\\nTenth. That a Committee be chosen in every parish, town, and district, by\\nthose who contribute towards the general tax, whose business it shall be atten-\\ntively to observe the conduct of all persons touching this Association; and when\\nit shall be made to appear to the satisfaction of the majority of any such Com-\\nmittee, that any person within the limits of their appointment has violated this\\nAssociation, that such majority do forthwith cause the truth of the case to be\\npublished in the Gazette to the end that all such foes to the rights of British\\nAmerica be publicly known and universally contemned, as the enemies of Ame-\\nrican liberty; and thenceforth we will respectively break off all dealings with\\nhim or her.\\nEleventh. That the Committee of Correspondence do frequently inspect the\\nentries of the custom-house, and inform the Committees of the other Provinces,\\nfrom time to time, of the true state thereof, and of every other material circum-\\nstance that may occur relative to this Association.\\nTwelfth. That all manufactures of this Province be sold at reasonable prices,\\nso that no undue advantages be taken of a future scarcity of goods.\\nAnd we do solemnly bind ourselves and our constituents, under the ties afore-\\nsaid, to adhere to this Association until American grievances are redressed.\\nThe foregoing Association being determined upon by the Congress, was ordered\\nto be subscribed by the several members thereof, and thereupon we have here-\\nunto set our respective names accordingly.\\nIn Congress, Savannah, Georgia,\\nJanuary 23, 1775.\\nJohn Glen, Chairman.\\nNoble W. Jones,\\nSamuel Farley,\\nAmbrose Wright,\\nPeter Tondee,\\nThomas Lee,\\nWilliam Young,\\nJohn McClure;\\nArchibald Bulloch,\\nJohn Houstoun,\\nJoseph Habersham.\\nD. Zubly, Jr.,\\nJames De Veaux,\\nJoseph Clay,\\nPhilip Box,\\nWilliam Evans,\\nGeorge Walton,\\nJohn Stirk,\\nIsaac Young,\\nRobert Rae,\\nPiobeut Hamilton.\\nEdmund Bugg,\\nSamuel Germany,\\nJohn Wereat,\\nJonathan Cochran,\\nGeorge McIntosh,\\nRaymond Demere,\\nWilliam Jones,\\nJames Cochran,\\nJoseph Gibbons,\\nFrancis H. Harris,\\nSamuel Elbert,\\nHenry Jones,", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "REVOLUTIONARY DOCUMENTS 61\\nGeorge Houstoun, William Glascock, William Lord,\\nEdward Telfair, John Germany, John Mann,\\nWilliam Gibbon?, L. Marbury, David Lewis,\\nPeter Bard, Hugh Middleton, George Wyche.\\nExtract of a letter from Georgia to a gentleman in New-York,\\ndated Feb. 18, 1775.\\nOur Assembly met on the 18th January, to which time it had been prorogued.\\nThe first day of the session, a petition, signed by upwards of eighty principal\\npeople, was presented to the Commons House, condemning the measures pursued\\nby the Northern Provinces, andprayingthey would take up the business in a tem-\\nperate manner, and address the King, c. Soon after another petition was pre-\\nsented, to the same effect, signed by one hundred and eighty from St. George s\\nParish; both which were read and laid on the table, but no further notice taken of\\nthem. The day of the Assembly s meeting, the Council sent the lower house a\\nmessage, desiring a conference with them, on the present state of American af-\\nfairs, and expressing their readiness to join them in constitutional measures for\\neffecting a reconciliation with the mother country, on terms consistent with the\\ndignity and safety of the whole British Empire and the rights and liberties of Amer-\\nica, to which no answer was sent for many days. At last the Commons House\\nmet in conference. The result was, they declined joining in the measures pro-\\nposed. Some time after, a motion was made in the Commons House to take into\\nconsideration some papers and letters received by the Speaker from some of the\\nNorthern Provinces, which was agreed to, and an early day appointed for it\\nbut an adjournment till May put a stop to their proceedings.\\nSome months before the house met, a set of men who had assumed to them-\\nselves the name of a Committee of the Parish of Christ Church, in which the\\ntown of Savannah is included, issued their mandate for a Provincial Meeting of\\nDelegates, to meet also on the 18th January. Accordingly, a number of people\\nmet; but how little were they to be considered in such a light, even supposing\\ntheir election to have been a regular and legal one, I leave you to judge, for five\\nparishes out of twelve sent none at all, and in that of St. Andrew s, containing\\nat least one hundred men fit to bear arms, the delegates were chosen by thirty-six\\nonly; also, in St. Paul s Parish, which contains at least an equal number, there\\nwere no more than eighty that voted for sending delegates, and I believe the same\\nnumber voted only in Christ Church Parish. They continued to sit for eight or\\nten days, but as they have not printed or made public their resolutions, it is not\\ncertainly known what they were, and I hope, for the honour of the Province, ever\\nwill remain so. It is under consideration to augment the army at large, but an\\naugmentation to the regiments in America is actually determined upon.\\nLetter from the Georgia Delegates to the Continental Congress.\\nSavannah, Georgia, April 6, 1775.\\nSir The unworthy part which the Province of Georgia has acted in the great\\nand general contest, leaves room to expect little less than the censure, or even", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "62 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nindignation, of every virtuous man in America. Although, on the one hand,\\nwe feel the justice of such a consequence with respect to the Province in gene-\\nral, yet, on the other, we claim an exemption from it in favour of some individuals,\\nwho wished a better conduct. Permit us, therefore, in behalf of ourselves and\\nmany others, our fellow-citizens, warmly attached to the cause, to lay before the\\nrespectable body over which you preside a few facts, which, we trust, will not\\nonly acquit us of supineness, but also render our conduct to be approved by all\\ncandid and dispassionate men.\\nAt the time the late Congress did this Province the honour to transmit to it an\\nextract from their proceedings, enclosed in a friendly letter from the Honourable\\nMr. Middleton, the sense and disposition of the people in general seemed to fluc-\\ntuate between liberty and convenience. In order to bring on a determination\\nrespecting the measures recommended, a few well-affected persons in Savannah,\\nby public advertisement in the Gazette, requested a meeting of all the parishes\\nand districts, by delegates or representatives, in Provincial Congress. On the\\nday appointed for this meeting, with concern they found that only five out of\\ntwelve parishes to which they had particularly wrote, had nominated and sent\\ndown delegates and even some of these five had laid their representatives under\\ninjunctions as to ttas form of an association. Under these circumstances, those\\nwho met saw themselves a good deal embarrassed. However, one expedient\\nseemed still to present itself. The House of Assembly was then sitting, and it\\nwas hoped there would be no doubt of a majority in favour of American freedom.\\nThe plan, therefore, was to go through with what business they could in Provin-\\ncial Congress, and then, with a short address, present the same to the House of\\nAssembly, who, it was hoped, would by votes in a few minutes, and before pre-\\nrogative should interfere, make it the act of the whole Province. Accordingly,\\nthe Congress framed and agreed to such an association, and did such other busi-\\nness as appeared practicable with the people, and had the whole just ready to be\\npresented, when the Governor, either treacherously informed, or shrewdly sus-\\npecting the step, put an end to the session. What then could the Congress\\ndo On the one hand, truth forbid them to call their proceedings the voice of\\nthe Province, there being but five out of twelve parishes concerned; and, on the\\nother, they wanted strength sufficient to enforce them, on the principle of neces-\\nsity, to which all ought for a time to submit. They found the inhabitants of\\nSavannah not likely soon to give matters a favourable turn. The importers were\\nmostly against any interruption, and the consumers very much divided. There\\nwere some of the latter virtuously for the measures; others strenuously against\\nthem; but more who called themselves neutrals than either. Thus situated, there\\nappeared nothing before us but the alternative of either immediately commen-\\ncing a civil war among ourselves, or else of patiently waiting for the measures to\\nbe recommended by the General Congress.\\nAmong a powerful people, provided with men, money, and conveniences, and\\nby whose conduct others were to be regulated, the former would certainly be the\\nresolution that would suggest itself to every man removed from the condition of\\na coward but in a small community like that of Savannah, (whose members are\\nmostly in their first advance towards wealth and independence, destitute of even\\nthe necessaries of life within themselves, and from whose junction or silence so", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "REVOLUTIONARY DOCUMENTS. 63\\nlittle would be added or lost to the general cause,) the latter presented itself as\\nthe most eligible plan, and was adopted by the people. Party disputes and ani-\\nmosities have occasionally prevailed, and show that the spirit of freedom is not\\nextinguished, but only restrained for a time, till an opportunity shall offer for call-\\ning it forth.\\nThe Congress convened at Savannah did us the honour of choosing us delegates\\nto meet your respectable body at Philadelphia, on the tenth of next month. We\\nwere sensible of the honour and weight of the appointment, and would gladly have\\nrendered our country any services our poor abilities would have admitted of; but\\nalas with what face could we have appeared for a Province whose inhabitants\\nhad refused to sacrifice the most trifling advantages to the public cause, and in\\nwhose behalf we did not think we could safely pledge ourselves for the execu-\\ntion of any one measure whatsoever\\nWe do not mean to insinuate that those who appointed us would prove apostates\\nor desert their opinions; but that the tide of opposition was great: that all the\\nstrength and virtue of these our friends might be sufficient for the purpose. We\\nvery early saw the difficulties that would here occur, and therefore repeated-\\nly and constantly requested the people to proceed to the choice of other delegates\\nin our stead but this they refused to do. We beg, sir, you will view our reasons\\nfor not attending in a liberal point of light. Be pleased to make the most favour-\\nable representation of them, to the Honourable the Members of the Congress. We\\nbelieve we may take upon ourselves to say, notwithstanding all that has passed,\\nthere are still men in Georgia who, when an occasion shall require, will be\\nready to evince a steady, religious and manly attachment to the liberties of\\nAmerica. For the consolation of these, they find themselves in the neighbourhood\\nof a Province whose virtue and magnanimity must and will do lasting honour to\\nthe cause, and in whose fate they seem disposed freely to involve their own.\\nWe have the honour to be, sir, your most obedient and very humble servants,\\nNoble Wymberley Jones,\\nArchibald Bulloch,\\nJohn Houstoun.\\nTo the President of the Continental Congress.\\nTo the Committee of Donations, Boston, Massachusetts.\\nSavannah, June 1, 1775.\\nGentlemen Although the inhabitants of Georgia have unfortunately drawn\\non themselves the censure of her sister colonies, by not adopting those measures\\nwhich the wisdom of the General Congress has pointed out for the preservation\\nof the liberties of America, yet we flatter ourselves you will believe there are\\nmany among us who sincerely espouse the great cause contended for by you\\nand who ardently wish that the noble stand you have made in defence of those\\nrights to which, as men and British subjects, we are entitled, may be crowned\\nwith success. The distresses our brethren must unavoidably experience by en-\\nforcement of the late acts of a cruel and vindictive ministry, deeply affect us.\\nThe unhappy divisions amongst us have hitherto prevented our contributing to their\\nsupport; but we have now the pleasure to transmit you by the Juliana, Captain", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "64 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nStringham, bound to New-York, a small contribution of sixty-three barrels of rice\\nand one hundred and twenty-two pounds sterling, in specie, under the care of\\nJohn Eaton Le Conte, Esq., which we desire you will please appropriate towards\\nthe relief of those who have lately left the town of Boston. We hope soon to be\\nenabled by our friends, who reside at a distance from Savannah, to send you a\\nfurther token of our regard for you and those whose misfortunes must increase\\nwith the oppressive measures now pursued by the administration against America.\\nI have the honour to be, on behalf of the contributors, gentlemen, your most obe-\\ndient servant, N. Jones.\\nTo the Gentlemen, Committee for receiving Donations\\nfor the Distressed Inhabitants of Boston.\\nMEETING OF THE INHABITANTS OF SAVANNAH, GEORGIA.\\nAt the Meeting of sundry gentlemen at Savannah, on Monday,\\nJune 26, 1775, it was unanimously\\nResolved, That the present Acts of Parliament, tending to raise a revenue in\\nAmerica, are grievances.\\nResolved, therefore, That we will do all that we legally may. to obtain redress\\nof these grievances.\\nResolved, That, Friday the 30th instant, June, at nine o clock, A. M., at the\\nhouse of Mrs. Cuyler, be a day appointed for a meeting, in order to consult the\\nmost expedient method to obtain redress.", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "PROVINCIAL CONGRESS. 05\\nMEETING OF PROVINCIAL CONGRESS.\\nThe proceedings of the first Provincial Congress of Georgia, though\\nlong, will be found highly interesting to Georgians.\\nProvincial Congress, July 4, 1775.\\nGeorgia.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 At a Provincial Congress, held agreeably to appoint-\\nment, at Tondee s Long Room, at Savannah, on the fourth day of\\nJuly, 1775, and continued from day to day, the following persons\\nwere returned duly elected\\nTown and District of Savannah.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Archibald Bulloch, Noble Wymberley\\nJones. Joseph Habersham, Jonathan Bryan, Ambrose Wright William\\nYoung. John Glen. Samuel Elbert, Jmto Houstoun. Oliver Bowen, John\\nMcClure, Edward Telfair, Thomas Lee^C orgk Houstoun, Joseph Reynolds,\\nJohn Smith, William Ewen, John Martin, Dr. Zubly, William Bryan, Phi-\\nlip Box, Philip Allman, William O Bryan, Joskph Clay, Seth John Cuthbert.\\nDistrict of Vernonburgh.\u00e2\u0080\u0094*JosEPH Butler, Andrew Elton Wells, Matthew\\nRoche, Jr.\\nDistrict of Acton.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 David Zubly, Basil Cowper, William Gibbons.\\nSea Island District\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Col. Deveaux, Col. De La Gall, James Bulloch, John\\nMorel, John Bohun Geradieu, John Barnard, Robert Gibson.\\nDistrict of Little Ogeechee. Francis Henry Harris, Joseph Gibbons, James\\nRobertson.*\\nParish of St Matthew.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 John Stirk, John Adam Truitlen, George Walton,\\nEdward Jones, Jacob Walthouer, Philip Howell, Isaac Young, Jenkin Davis,\\nJohn Morel, John Flerl, Charles McCay, Christopher Cramer.\\nParish of St. Philip.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Col. Butler, William Le Conte, Wm. Maxwell,\\nStephen Drayton, Adam Fowler Brisbane. Luke Mann, Hugh Bryan.\\nParish of St. George.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Henry Jones, John Green. Thomas Burton, William\\nLord, David Lewis, Benjamin Lewis, James Pugh, John Fulton.\\nParish of St. Andrew.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Jonathan Cochran, William Jones, Peter Tarlin,\\nLachlan McIntosh, William McIntosh, George Threadcraft, John Wereat.\\nRoderick McIntosh, John Witherspoon, George McIntosh, Allen Stewart\\nJohn McIntosh, Raymond Demere.\\nParish of St. David, Seth John Cuthbert, William Williams, Sen.\\nParish of St. Mary. Daniel Ryan.\\nParish of St. Thomas. John Roberts.\\nParish of St. Paul. John Walton, Joseph Maddock Andrew Burns\\nRobert Rae, James Rae, Andrew Moore, Andrew Barney, Leonard Marbury.\\nParish of St. John, James Screven, Nathan Brownson, Daniel Roberts,\\nJohn Baker, Sen., John Bacon, Sen., James Maxwell, Edward Ball, William\\nBaker, Sen., William Bacon. Jr.. John Stevens, John Winn, Sen.\\nArchibald Bulloch, Esq., being proposed as President, was unani-\\nmously elected and George Walton, Esq., being proposed as\\nSecretary, was unanimously elected.\\nThose thus marked drrlined taking their seats\\n5", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "66 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nThe Congress then adjourned to the Meeting-House of the Rev.\\nDr. Zubly, where he preached a sermon upon the alarming state of\\nAmerican affairs.\\nThe Congress being returned, a motion was made and seconded\\nthat the thanks of this Congress be given to the Rev. Dr. Zubly for\\nthe excellent sermon he preached this day to the members, which\\nbeing unanimously agreed to, it was ordered that a Committee be\\nappointed for that purpose.\\nWednesday, 5th July, 1775.\\nA motion was made and seconded, that this Committee apply by\\nmessage to the Governor, requesting him to appoint a day of fasting\\nand prayer to be observed throughout this Province, on account of\\nthe disputes subsisting between America and the Parent State which\\nbeing unanimously passed in the affirmative, it was ordered that a\\nCommittee be appointed for this purpose.\\nCOPY OF THE MESSAGE.\\nMay it please your Excellency The Provincial Congress,\\ndeeply concerned at the present alarming state of affairs, and the dis-\\ntresses of America, humbly request that your Excellency would appoint\\na day of fasting and prayer to be observed throughout this Province,\\nthat a happy reconciliation may soon take place between America\\nand the Parent State, and that under the auspicious reign of his\\nMajesty and his descendants, both countries may remain united,\\nvirtuous, free and happy, till time shall be no more.\\nBy order of the Congress,\\nArchibald Bulloch, President.\\nThe President being informed by the messenger that John Jamie-\\nson and John Simpson, Esquires, were in waiting, and desired to be\\nadmitted, which being agreed to, they were desired to walk in. They\\nthen produced and delivered in to the President a paper containing\\nseveral resolutions entered into by a number of persons, inhabitants of\\nthe town of Savannah, which was ordered to be read, and is as follows\\nAt a meeting of several of the inhabitants of the town of Savannah, at Mrs.\\nCuyler s, on Friday, the 13th of June, 1775, John Mullryne, Esq., Joseph Clay,\\nJames Mossman, Rev. J. J. Zubly. John Simpson, Noble W. Jones, John Jamieson.\\nWin. Moss, John Glen, Josiah Tattnall, John Graham. Lewis Johnston, Wm.\\nYoung, Richard Wyley. Andrew McLean, Basil Cowper. Philip Moore, George\\nHoustoun, Joseph Butler, James Read, Thomas Reid, Wm. Panton, James E.\\nPowell, Wm. Strutters, Alexander McGowen. John C. Lucena, Thomas Sherman,\\nJ. N. Faminjr, Levi Sheftall, Charles Hamilton, Georg e Spencer, Wm. Brown.\\nJr., Francis Courvoizie. James Anderson.\\nWhereas, public confessions and grievances are much increased by private\\ndissensions and animosities;", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "PROVINCIAL CONGRESS. 67\\nResolved therefore, nem. con., That we will use our utmost endea-\\nvours to preserve the peace and good order of this Province, and that no person\\nbehaving himself peaceably and inoffensively, shall be molested in his personal\\nproperty, or even in his private sentiments, while he expresses them with decency\\nand without any illiberal reflections upon others.\\nWhereas, the acts for raising a perpetual revenue in America, and all the\\nmeasures used to enforce these acts, are not partial, but general grievances; and\\nit is most likely that redress will be obtained by the joint endeavours of all who\\nmay think these acts unconstitutional or oppressive, than by any measure that\\nmight be taken singly by individuals therefore,\\nResolved. That it is the opinion of this meeting (as a proper measure to be\\npursued, because the General Assembly is not now sitting, from whom an appli-\\ncation to the Throne must be very proper, and as no time should be lost) that a\\nhumble, dutiful, and decent petition be addressed to his Majesty, expressive\\nof the sense, apprehensions, and feelings of all such as may choose to subscribe\\nsuch a petition, which, it is hoped, will be done by every man in the Province\\nand it is therefore the wish of this meeting that such a measure be adopted by\\nthe Provincial Congress intended to be held on Tuesday next, the 4th of July.\\nResolved, That the interest of this Province is inseparable from the mother\\ncountry, and all the sister colonies, and that to separate ourselves from the latter,\\nwould only be throwing difficulties in the way of its own relief and that of the\\nother colonies, and justly increasing the resentment of all those to whose distress\\nour disunion might be an addition.\\nResolved, That this Province ought, and it is hoped will, forthwith join the\\nother Provinces, in every just and legal measure, to secure and restore the liberties\\nof all America, and for healing the unhappy divisions now subsisting between\\nGreat Britain and her colonies.\\nResolved, That the proceedings of this meeting be laid before the Provincial\\nCongress on Tuesday, the 4th of July next, and that Mr. Jamieson and Simpson\\ndo wait upon them with the same, as recommended to them by this meeting\\nBy order of the meeting.\\nJohn Mullryne.\\nA motion was made and seconded, that the paper above mentioned\\ndo lie on the table for the perusal of the members which, being car-\\nried, the same was ordered to lie upon the table accordingly.\\nA motion was made and seconded, that this Congress do put this\\nProvince upon the same footing with our sister colonies which,\\nbeing put, it was ordered that it be taken into consideration to-morrow\\nmorning.\\nThursday, 6th of July, 1775.\\nThe order of the day being read, the same was taken into con-\\nsideration, and, after some deliberation, it was unanimously\\n1st. Resolved, That this Province will adopt and carry into execution all and\\nsingular the measures and recommendations of the late Continental Congress.\\n2nd. Tn particular, that in behalf of ourselves and our constituents, we do adopt\\nand approve of the American Declaration, or Bill of Rights, published by the", "height": "3365", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "(?S HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nlate Continental Congress, and also of their several resolves made in consequence\\nof some infractions thereof.\\n3rd, That from and after (his day, we will not receive into this Province any\\ngoods, wares, or merchandise shipped from Great Britain or Ireland, or from any\\nother place, any such goods, wares or merchandise as shall have been exported\\nfrom Great Britain or Ireland; nor will we import any East India tea from any\\npart of the world nor any molasses, syrups, coffee or pimento, from the British\\nPlantations, or from Dominica nor wines from Madeira or the Western Islands,\\nnor foreign indigo.\\nIt h. Thai we will neither import nor purchase any slave, imported from Africa\\nor elsewhere, aftei tins day.\\n5th. As a non-consumption agreement strictly adhered to will be an effectual\\nsecurity for the observation of the non-importation, we. as above, solemnly agree\\nand associate, thai from this day we will not purchase or use any tea imported\\non account of the East India Company, or any on which a duty hath or shall be\\npaid; and we will not purchase or use any East India tea whatever nor will\\nwe. nor shall any person for or under us. purchase any of ihose goods, wares, or\\nmerchandise we have agreed not to import, which we shall know or have\\noause to suspect were imported after tins day.\\n6th. The earnest desire we have not to injure our fellow-subjects in Great\\nBritain and Ireland, and the West Indies, induces us to suspend a non-exportation\\nuntil the tenth day of September, 1775, at which time, if the acts and parts of\\naels of the British Parliament hereinafter meutioned are not repealed, we will\\nnot directly cr indirectly export any merchandise or commodity whatsoever\\nto Great Britain, Ireland, or the West Indies, except rice to Europe.\\n7th. Such as are merchants and use the British and Irish trade, will give orders\\nas soon as possible to their factors, agents, and correspondents in Great Britain\\nand Ireland, not to ship any goods to them on any pretence whatever, as they\\ncannot be received into this Province j and if any merchant residing in Great-\\nBritain or Ireland shall directly or indirectly ship any goods, wares, or merchan-\\ndise for America, in order to break the said non-importation agreement, or in\\nany manner contravene the same, on such unworthy conduct being well attested,\\nit ought to be made public, and on the same being so done, we will not thence-\\nforth have anj commercial connections with such merchants.\\n8th. That such as are owners of vessels will give positive orders to their cap-\\ntains or masters not to receive on board their vessels any goods prohibited by\\nthe said son-importation agreement, on pain of immediate dismission from their\\nservice.\\nPih. We will use our utmost endeavours to improve the breed of sheep, and\\nincrea.se their numbers to the greatest extent, and to that end we will kill them\\nas sparingly as may be. especially those of the most profitable kind, nor will\\nwe export any to the West Indies or elsewhere; and those of us who are or may\\nbecome overstocked with, or can conveniently spare any sheep, will dispose of\\nthem to our neighbours, especially to the poorer sort, on moderate terms.\\n10th, That we will, in our several stations, encourage frugality, economy, and\\nindustry, and promote agriculture, arts, and the manufactures of British", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "PROVIN CIAL CONGRESS. 69\\nAmerica, especially that of wool; and will discountenance and discourage every\\nspecies of extravagance and dissipation, especially horse-racing, ami every kind\\nof gaming, cock-fighting, exhibitions of shows, plays, and other expensive diver-\\nsions and entertainments and on the death of any relation or friend, none of us or\\nany of our families will go into any farther mourning dress than a black crape\\nor ribbon on the arm or hat for gentlemen, and a black ribbon and necklace for\\nladies, and we will discontinue the giving of gloves and scarfs at funerals.\\n11th. That such as are venders of goods or merchandise will not take advan\\ntage of the scarcity of goods that may be occasioned by this Association, but will\\nsell the same at the rates we have been respectively accustomed to do for\\ntwelve months last past; and if any vender of goods or merchandise shall\\nsell any such goods or merchandise on higher terms, or shall in any manner, or\\nby any device, violate or depart from this agreement, no person ought, nor will\\nany of us deal with any such person, or his or her factor or agent, at any time\\nthereafter, for any commodity whatever.\\n1 2th. In case of any merchant, trader, or other persons, shall attempt to import\\nany goods or merchandise into this Province, after this day, the same shall be\\nforthwith sent back again, without breaking any of the packages thereof.\\n13th. That a Committee be chosen in every town, district and parish within this\\nProvince, by those who pay towards the General Tax, whose business it shall be\\nattentively to observe the conduct of all persons touching this Association; and\\nwhen it shall be made to appear to the satisfaction of a majority of any such Com-\\nmittee, that any person within the limits of Iheir appointment has violated this\\nAssociation, that such a majority do forthwith cause the truth of the case to be\\npublished in the Gazette, to the end that all such foes to the rights of British\\nAmerica may be publicly known and universally contemned, as the enemies of\\nAmerican liberty, and thenceforth we will break off all connections with him or\\nher.\\n1 4th. That a Committee of Correspondence to this Province do frequently inspect\\nthe entries of the Custom House, and inform the Committees of the other Colonies\\nwhich have acceded to the Continental Association, from time to time, of the\\ntrue state thereof, and of every other material circumstance that, may occur\\nrelative to this Association.\\n1 5th. That all manufactures of this Province be sold at reasonable prices, so that\\nno undue advantage be taken of a future scarcity of goods.\\n16th. And we do further agree and resolve, that we will have no trade, com-\\nmerce, dealings or intercourse whatsoever with any Colony or Province in North\\nAmerica which shall not accede to, or which shall hereafter violate this Associa-\\ntion, but will hold them as unworthy of the rights of freemen, and as inimical to\\nthe liberties of their country. And we do solemnly bind ourselves and our con-\\nstituents, under the ties of virtue, honour, and love of our country, to adhere to this\\nAssociation until such parts of the several acts of Parliament passed since the close\\nof the last war, as impose, or continue duties upon tea, molasses, syrups, coffee\\nsugar, pimento, indigo, foreign paper, glass and painters colours, imported into\\nAmerica and extend the powers of the Admiralty Courts, beyond their ancient\\nlimits, deprive American subjects of trial by jury, authorize the judge s certificate", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "70 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nto indemnify the prosecutor from damages that he might otherwise be liable to\\nfrom a trial by his peers, require oppressive security from claimants of ships or\\no-oods seized, before he is allowed to defend his property, are repealed and until\\nthat part of the Act of the 12 George 3., ch. 24, entitled, An Act for the better\\nsecuring his Majesty s Dock-yards, Magazines, Ships. Ammunition and Stores/ by\\nwhich any person, charged with committing any of the offences therein described,\\nin America, may be tried within any Shire or County within the realm, is\\nrepealed, and until the four acts passed in the last session of Parliament, viz.\\nThat for stopping the Port and blocking up the Harbour of Boston, that for\\naltering the Charter and Government of the Massachusetts Bay, and that which\\nis entitled, An Act for the better administration, c, and that for extending the\\nlimits of Quebec, c, are repealed, and until the two acts passed in the present\\nsession of Parliament, the one entitled, A Bill to restrain the trade and com-\\nmerce of the Colonies of New-Jersey, Pennsylvania. Maryland, Virginia, and\\nSouth Carolina, to Great Britain and Ireland, and the British islands in the West\\nIndies, under certain conditions and limitations, and the other An Act com-\\nmonly called the Fishery Bill.\\nFriday, 1th of July.\\nThe following is his Excellency s answer to the message of this\\nCongress\\nSavannah, July 7, 1775.\\nGentlemen, I have taken the opinion of his Majesty s Council relative to\\nthe request made by the gentlemen who have assembled together, by the name\\nof a Provincial Congress, and must premise that I cannot consider that meet-\\ning as constitutional; but as the request is expressed in such loyal and dutiful\\nterms, and the ends proposed being such as every good man must most ardently\\nwish for, I will certainly appoint a day of Fasting and Prayer, to be observed\\nthroughout this Province.\\nJas. Wright.\\nTo Stephen Drayton, Esq., and the other gentlemen who waited on the Governor.\\nA motion was made and seconded, that the thanks of this Congress\\nbe given to his Excellency the Governor, for his answer to the mes-\\nsage of this Congress, and his ready compliance with their request,\\nwhich being put, unanimously passed in the affirmative.\\nOrdered, That Dr. Zubly, John Smith, and Joseph Clay be a com\\nmittee for that purpose.\\nA motion was made and seconded, that five persons be chosen to\\nrepresent this Province in the Continental Congress, appointed to be\\nheld at the city of Philadelphia, on the 10th of May last, and the\\nquestion being put, it passed unanimously in the affirmative.\\nThe Congress then proceeded to the choice, when John Houstoun,\\nand Archibald Bulloch, Esquires, the Rev. Dr. Zubly, Noble Wym-\\nberley Jones, and Lyman Hall, were duly elected. Dr. Zubly expressed\\nhis surprise at being chosen, and said that he thought himself for", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "PROVINCIAL CONGRESS. 71\\nmany reasons a very improper person but the choice was insisted\\nupon, and the Doctor declared he would bv no means go, unless he\\nhad the approbation of his congregation whereuponNoble Wymberley\\nJones and John Houstoun, Esqrs., were appointed to request their\\nconsent.\\nA motion was made and seconded, that a Secret Committee be\\nappointed, which being agreed to, it was resolved that the President\\ndo nominate seven persons to be that committee, whose business it shall\\nbe, to be vigilant and active in the discovery of all matters which may\\naffect the public, and that they shall have right to lay all such intel-\\nligence and information before the President of this Congress, and in\\nits recess, before the President of the Council of Safety, in order that\\nthe evil designs of wicked men may be early frustrated.\\nA motion was made and seconded, that the Congress do petition\\nthe King upon the present unhappy situation of affairs, which being\\nagreed to, it was ordered that Dr. Zubly do prepare and bring in\\nthe same.\\nA motion was made and seconded, that a letter be forthwith wrote\\nto the President of the Continental Congress, giving him an account\\nof the proceedings of this Congress, which being agreed to, it\\nwas ordered that Dr. Zubly, John Smith, William Young, William\\nLe Conte, and William Gibbons, Esqrs., be a Committee for that\\npurpose.\\nJohn Walton, Esq., who was elected as well from Wrightsborough\\ntownship, as for the town and district of Augusta, came in and took\\nhis seat for the former.\\nA motion was made and seconded, that an address be presented to\\nhis Excellency the Governor by this Congress, which being agreed\\nto, it was ordered, that Dr. Zubly, Basil Cowper, John Walton, Joseph\\nClay, and Edward Telfair be a Committee to draw up the same.\\nSaturday, July 8, 1775.\\nResolved, That this Congress are of opinion that the paper delivered into this\\nCongress on the second day of its meeting, ought not to have been entitled or\\ndressed in the form of resolves, but rather as recommendations, or in nature of a\\npetition or address to this Congress.\\nResolved, Nevertheless, from the desire this Congress hath to promote union\\nand concord among ourselves, and as it does not appear that the said paper was\\nintended to be considered as coming from a distinct and independent body,\\nthat, therefore, the matter contained in the same (being such as is in the general\\nagreeable to us) shall be duly considered and attended to.\\nA motion was made and seconded, that a sum not exceeding ten\\nthousand pounds sterling be provided, to defray the necessary services\\nof this Province, in the present alarming and distracted state of\\naffairs, which passed unanimously in the affirmative.\\nA motion was then made and seconded, that the Congress resolve\\nitself into a Committee of the Whole, to consider ways and means\\nfor raising and sinking the said sum often thousand pounds sterling,", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "72 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nwhich being agreed to, the Congress resolved itself into a Committee\\naccordingly.\\nThe Presidenl having resumed the chair, Mr. Clay, from the Com-\\nmittee of the whole Congress, reported that they had entered upon\\nthe consideration of ways and means, had made some progress\\ntherein, and desired leave to sit again.\\nThe President reported to the Congress that he had, in obedience\\nto the resolution yesterday, nominated seven persons to be a Secret\\nCommittee.\\nDr. Zubly, who was ordered to prepare and bring in a petition to\\nhis Majesty, reported that he had done so, and produced a paper con-\\ntaining the same, which he delivered in to the President and the\\nsaid paper being read and approved of, it was resolved that the Presi-\\ndent do sign the same.\\nA motion was made and seconded, that a Committee of Intelli-\\ngence be appointed, which being agreed to, it was ordered that Wil-\\nliam Young, David Zubly, Stephen Drayton, Daniel Roberts, John\\nGlen, Edward Telfair, William Ewen, Joseph Clay, and George Wal-\\nton, Esquires, be that Committee.\\nWilliam Young, Esquire, of the Committee appointed to write a\\nletter to the President of the Continental Congress, reported that\\nthey had done so, and delivered in a paper to the President, containing\\nthe same, which being read and approved of, it was resolved that\\nthe President do sign the same, and that it be forthwith sent.\\nMonday, 10th of July, 1775.\\nThe following resolves were unanimously entered into\\nWhereas, by the unrelenting fury of a despotic ministry, with a view to enforce\\nthe most oppressive acts of a venal and corrupted Parliament, an army of merce-\\nnaries, under an unfeeling commander, has actually begun a civil war in Ameri-\\nca: and whereas, the apparent iniquity and cruelty of these destructive measures\\nhaye, however, had this good effect to unite men of all ranks in the common cause\\nand whereas, to consult on means of safety and the method of obtaining redress,\\nthe good people of this Province of Georgia have thought proper to appoint a Pro-\\nvincial Congress, the Delegates met at the said Congress, now assembled from\\nevery part of the Province, besides adopting the resolutions of the late Continental\\nCongress, find it prudent to enter into such other resolutions as may best express\\ntheir own sense, and the sense of their constituents, on the present unhappy situa-\\ntion of things, and therefore think fit and necessary to resolve as follows, viz.:\\nResolced, That we were born free, have all the feelings of men, and are entitled\\nto all the natural rights of mankind.\\nResolved, That by birth or incorporation, Ave all are Britons, and whatever Brit-\\nons may claim as their birthright, is also ours.\\nResolved, That in the British Empire, to which we belong, the Constitution is\\nsuperior to every man or set of men whatever, and that it is a crime of the deep-\\nest dye, in any instance to impair, or take it away, or deprive the meanest subject\\nof its benefits.\\nResolved, That that part of the American Continent which wo inhabit was", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "PROVINCIAL CONGRESS. 73\\noriginally granted by the crown, and the charter from Charles the Second express-\\nly makes its constitutional dependence upon the crown only.\\nResolved, That those who would now subject all America, or this Province, to\\ndependency upon the crown and Parliament, are guilty of a very dangerous inno-\\nvation, which in time will appear as injurious to the crown, as it is inconsistent\\nwith the liberty of the American subject.\\nResolved, That by the law of nature and the British Constitution, no man can\\nbe legally deprived of his property without his consent given by himself or his\\nrepresentatives.\\nResolved, That the acts of the British Parliament for raising a perpetual revenue\\non the Americans, by laying a tax on them without their consent, and contrary\\nto their protestations, are diametrically opposite to every idea of property, to the\\nspirit of the Constitution, and at one stroke deprive this vast continent of all lib-\\nerty and property, and as such must be detested by every well-wisher to Great\\nBritain and America.\\nResolved, That the subsequent laws, made with a view to enforce these acts\\nviz. the Boston Port Bill\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the alteration of their charter\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the act to carry be-\\nyond sea for trial and (what refines upon every species of cruelty) the Fishery\\nBill, are of such a complexion, that we can say nothing about them for want of\\nwords to express our abhorrence and detestation.\\nResolved, That the loyalty, patience and prudence of the inhabitants of New-\\nEngland, under their unparalleled pressures, have been construed into a timidity\\nand a dread of regular troops a civil war in support of acts extremely oppressive\\nin themselves, hath actually been begun, and there is too much reason to believe\\nthat plans have been in agitation, big with every thing horrible to other Pro-\\nvinces plans as rash, barbarous and destructive as the cause which they were\\nintended to serve.\\nResolved, That in these times of extreme danger, our Assembly not being permit-\\nted to sit, we must either have been a people without all thought or counsel, or\\nhave assembled as we now are in Provincial Congress, to consult upon measures\\nwhich, under God, may prove the means of a perpetual union with the mother\\ncountry, and tend to the honour, freedom, and safety of both.\\nResolved, That this Province bears all true allegiance to our own rightful sover\\neign, King George the Third, and always will and ought to bear it agreeably to\\nthe Constitution of Great Britain, by virtue of which only the King is now our\\nsovereign, and which equally binds Majesty and subjects.\\nResolved, That we are truly sensible how much our safety and happiness depend\\non a constitutional connection with Great Britain, and that nothing but the be-\\ning deprived of the privileges and natural rights of Britons could ever make the\\nthought of a separation otherwise than intolerable.\\nResolved, That in case his Majesty or his successors shall at any time hereafter\\nmake any requisition to the good people of this Province by his representative, it\\nwill be just and right that such sums should be granted as the nature of the ser-\\nvice may require, and the ability and situation of this Province will admit of.\\nResolved, That this Province join with all the Provinces in America, now met\\nby Delegates in Continental Congress, and that John Houstoun and Archibald Bui-", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "74 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nloch, Esquires, the Rev. Dr. Zubly, Lyman Ha]], and Noble Wymberley Jones,\\nEsqs.. be the Delegates from this Province, and that any three constitute a quo-\\nrum for that purpose.\\nResolved, That a Committee be appointed, whose duty it shall be to see that\\nthe resolutions of the Continental Congress and Provincial Congress be duly ob-\\nserved, and that every person who shall act in opposition thereto, have his name\\ntransmitted to the Continental Congress, and his misdeeds be published in every\\nAmerican paper.\\nResolved, That with all such persons, except the indispensable duties we owe to\\nall mankind, (bad men and enemies are not excepted,) we will have no dealings\\nnor connection and we extend this our resolution also to all such persons or cor-\\nporations in Great Britain who have shown themselves enemies to America.\\nResolved, That we will do what in us lies to preserve and promote the peace\\nand good order of this Province and should any person become an innocent suf-\\nferer on account of these grievances, we will do whatever we justly may for his\\nrelief and assistance.\\nResolved, That in such calamitous times as the present, every possible indul-\\ngence ought to be given to honest debtors that it would be ungenerous, unless\\nthere appear intention of fraud, in any gentleman of the law, to sue without pre-\\nvious notice, and any person so sued may apply to the Committee and should it\\nappear to them that the creditor is in no danger of losing his money, or can be\\nproperly secured, they shall interpose their friendly offices to persuade him to\\ndrop the prosecution, and every prosecutor that shall appear to take advantage of\\nthe confusion of the times, to distress his debtor, ought to be publicly pointed out\\nand held in abhorrence.\\nResolved, That notwithstanding, in a late bill for restraining the trade of several\\nProvinces in America, this Province is excepted, we declare that we look upon this\\nexception rather as an insult than a favour; as being meant to break the union of\\nthe Provinces, and as being grounded upon the supposition that the inhabitants\\nof such excepted Province can be base enough to turn the oppression of America\\ninto a mean advantage.\\nTuesday, Juhj 11, 1775.\\nJohn Houstoun and Noble Wymberley Jones, Esqrs., appointed to\\nrequest the consent of Dr. Zubly s congregation for their permission\\nfor him to go to Philadelphia, reported that they had done so, and\\nthat the said congregation had voted that they were willing to spare\\ntheir minister for a time, for the good of the common cause.\\nDr. Zubly then declared he was willing to go, and thanked the\\nCongress for so signal a mark of honour and confidence.\\nMr. Clay, from the Committee appointed to draw up an address to\\nhis Excellency, the Governor, from this Congress, reported that thev\\nhad done so, and delivered it in to the President which was ordered\\nto be read, and is as follows", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "PROVINCIAL CONGRESS 75\\nTo His Excellency, Sir James Wrioht. Baronet, Captain-General and Gov-\\nernor -in- Chief, in and over h s Majesty s Province of Georgia, Chancellor\\nand Vice-President of the same.\\nMay it please tour Excellenct: We, his Majesty s dutiful and loyal sub-\\njects, the Delegates of this Province, in Provincial Congress met, beg leave to\\naddress your Excellency.\\nIn these very critical and alarming times, the good people of this Province find\\nthemselves under an absolute necessity to take some measures for the security\\nand preservation of their liberties, and every thing that is near and dear to them;\\nand they have accordingly chosen a large number of persons to meet together at\\nSavannah, to consult on the means to obtain redress, under our many and very\\nheavy grievances. These, being accordingly met, (to be distinguished from the\\nusual representation,) have styled themselves a Provincial Congress, and from the\\nnumber and character of their names, which your Excellency may see in our\\nlast Gazette, your Excellency will be convinced the Province was never more\\nfully represented in any Assembly; though possibly this measure never would\\nhave taken place, had we not, from several successive prorogations or adjourn-\\nments, too much reason to fear your Excellency had received very strong in-\\nstructions not to suffer the Assembly to enter into any measures to secure the\\nrights of America, or even to petition for relief, unless in terms which would have\\nbeen giving up the rights of, and fixing lasting disgrace upon, the petitioners.\\nAlthough there is no doubt but a great majority of the inhabitants of this Pro-\\nvince always looked upon the claim of Parliament to take away the property of\\nAmericans as illegal and oppressive, yet, from a variety of causes, not unknown\\nto your Excellency, this Province in the American chain has hitherto been the\\ndefaulting link. We have now joined with the other Provinces in the Continen-\\ntal Congress, and have sent a petition to his Majesty, appointed delegates to the\\nAmerican Congress, and entered into such resolutions which we mean inviola-\\nbly to adhere to\u00e2\u0080\u0094 as will convince the friends and foes of America that we\\nwould not live unworthy of the name of Britons, or labour under the suspicion of\\nbeing unconcerned for the rights and freedom of America. Extracts of some\\nletters which are inserted in Parliamentary proceedings widely differ from what\\nmust appear to every unprejudiced person to be the real state of the Province.\\nWe are not acquainted with an individual in Georgia that looks upon the\\nclaims of Parliament as just, and all men speak with abhorrence of the meas-\\nures made use of to enforce them. Our fellow-subjects who formerly entered a\\ndissent which we find was transmitted to the minister in terms that bespeak the\\ngreat pleasure it gave the transmitter, now generally say that they never differed\\nfrom America as to the reality of grievances, but only in the mode of obtaining\\nredress.\\nThough candour may allow these mutilated extracts laid before Parliament,\\nthey were probably rather designed by the minister to screen himself and justify\\nhis own measures, than to give a just and true account of what information he\\nmight have received, yet we cannot help observing, the general purport of these", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "76 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nletters seems to have a much greater regard to the designs of the minister, than\\nto give an impartial account of the real state of things. Other Provinces, no\\ndoubt, if they find themselves mentioned in any part of them, will view them in\\nwhat light they may think fit but, as to any prejudicial informations they may\\ncontain against many persons in this Province, while it is not to be expected that\\nthey will give up their feelings as private men, your Excellency may be assured\\nwe shall always pay due respect to His Majesty s representative, and shall with\\ngreat pleasure acknowledge every service your Excellency may hereafter ren-\\nder to Great Britain and America, whose interest we know, and whose connec-\\ntion we wish to be forever inseparable. Your Excellency may be assured, these\\nare objects which we have greatly at heart, and shall ever do what in us lies,\\ntowards a reconciliation with our parent state, on constitutional principles, as\\nwell as endeavour to preserve the peace and good order of the Province.\\nResolved, That the foregoing address be signed by the President, and be pre-\\nsented to his Excellency, the Governor, and that Stephen Drayton, Edward Tel-\\nfair, William Le Conte, John Walton. George Houstoun, and Philip Box be a\\nCommittee to present the same.\\nWednesday, July 12, 1775.\\nThe Congress resolved itself into a Committee of the Whole, to\\ntake into consideration ways and means to raise and sink ten thou-\\nsand pounds sterling and after some time spent therein, the Presi-\\ndent resumed the chair.\\nResolved, That the Congress being a full representation of the whole Province,\\nthe members of the same, their constituents, and all others resident or holding\\nproperty within the same, are bound to contribute by an equal and general tax,\\ntowards the sinking the ten thousand pounds.\\nResolved, That this Congress, while sitting, and the Council of Safety, in its\\nrecess, have power to issue certificates, from time to time, as occasion shall re-\\nquire, to the amount of ten thousand pounds sterling, and that all such certifi-\\ncates shall be signed by the treasurers, and at least three of the members of the\\nCouncil of Safety.\\nResolved, That any person who shall not receive any such certificate in pay-\\nment, will be guilty of a breach of the public faith, and ought to be considered\\nas an enemy to the Province, and treated accordingly.\\nResolved. That the said certificates be sunk in three years after a reconcilia-\\ntion shall take place between Great Britain and the Colonies.\\nThursday, July 13, 1775.\\nResolved, That this Congress do approve of and adopt the Association entered\\nInto at Savannah on the fifth day of June last past, viz.", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "PROVINCIAL CONGRESS. 77\\nAssociation unanimously entered into by the Provincial Congress, at Savan-\\nnah, in Georgia, on Thursday, the 13th of July, 1775.\\nGeorgia, being persuaded that the salvation of the rights and liberties of Ame-\\nrica depend, under God, on the firm union of the inhabitants in its vigorous pro-\\nsecution of the measures necessary for its safety, and convinced of the necessity\\nof preventing the anarchy and confusion which attend the dissolution of the\\npowers of government, we, the freemen, freeholders, and inhabitants of the Pro-\\nvince of Georgia, being greatly alarmed at the avowed design of the Ministry to\\nraise a revenue in America, and shocked by the bloody scene now acting in the\\nMassachusetts Bay, do, in the most solemn manner, resolve never to become\\nslaves; and do associate, under all the ties of religion, and honour, and love to our\\ncountry, to adopt and endeavour to carry into execution whatever may be re-\\ncommended by the Continental Congress, or resolved upon by our Provincial\\nConvention, appointed for preserving our constitution and opposing the execution\\nof the several arbitrary and oppressive acts of the British Parliament, until a re-\\nconciliation between Great Britain and America, on constitutional principles,\\nwhich we most ardently desire, can be obtained; and that we will in all things\\nfollow the advice of our General Committee, appointed respecting the purposes\\naforesaid, the preservation of peace and good order, and the safety of individu-\\nals and private property.\\nResolved, That John Smith, Basil Cowper, George Houstoun, Joseph Clay, Wil-\\nliam Young, Philip Box, Seth John Cuthbert, William O Bryan, George Wal-\\nton, William Le Conte, William Gibbons, Samuel Elbert, Edward Telfair and\\nOliver Bowen, be a Committee to present the Association to all the inhabitants\\nof the Town and District of Savannah to be signed in doing which, expedition\\nis particularly recommended, and an account of all who decline signing shall be\\nreturned to the General Committee.\\nFriday, July 14, 1775.\\nA motion was made and seconded, that a Committee be appointed\\nto report their opinion, who shall be qualified to vote for delegates to\\nsit in future Congresses, and the most equal method of representation\\nand the same being agreed to, a Committee was appointed accord-\\ningly.\\nCommittee Stephen Drayton, John Glen, and Joseph Clay, Esqs.\\nResolved, That in every case where a summons shall be applied for, the magis-\\ntrate to whom such application shall be made do in the first place, and before the\\nissuing of such summons, give notice thereof, either by personal informa-\\ntion, message, or letter, to the party defendant, and also use his best endeavour\\nto compromise and settle the matter; and unless the defendant has discovered cir-\\ncumstances of fraud or delay, and is ready and willing to give security for the\\ndebt, and shall actually offer to do so, payable in a reasonable time, nosuch sum-", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "78 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nmons ought to be issued. And in case a warrant in a civil case shall be applied\\nfor, the same ought not to be granted, unless there appear, to the satisfaction of\\nthe magistrate, that there are good and sufficient grounds besides the plaintiff s\\noath to apprehend the defendant means to abscond; but the same method ought\\nto be observed as is recommended respecting summons.\\nMr. Drayton, from the Committee appointed to report their opinion\\nwho shall be qualified to vote for delegates to sit in future Congresses,\\nreported as the opinion of that Committee, that every man contri-\\nbuting towards the general tax, shall be qualified to vote as delegates\\nin future Congresses, and the following proportion will be the most\\nequal representation, viz. The Town and District of Savannah shall\\nhave seventeen members District of Little Ogeechee, three Ver-\\nnonburgh, two Acton, two Sea Islands, three Goshen and Aber-\\ncorn, two Parish of St. Matthew, seven St. George, nine St. Paul,\\nnine; St. Philip, seven; St. John, twelve; St. Andrew, nine; St.\\nDavid, three St. Patrick, two St. Thomas, two St. Mary, two St.\\nJames, two Ceded Lands, three and that the president and thirty-\\nfour members do constitute a Congress to proceed upon business.\\nResolved, That the foregoing report be approved of, and that delegates be elect-\\ned by the persons and in the proportion therein mentioned.\\nResolved, That the following form of delegation be recommended to the inhabi-\\ntants of the several parishes and districts throughout the Province, to prevent\\nclashing and unequal powers being given by different parishes and districts; viz.\\nGeorgia The affairs of the Continent of America being now brought to a\\ntruly alarming and critical situation, and there being no other method left,\\nbut that the whole body of the people unite as one, in opposing such acts\\nas tend utterly to destroy the liberty, property, and birthright of America;\\nand it having been thought necessary and convenient, in order to consult on\\nproper ways and means for our mutual security, to assemble and convene the peo-\\nple in each colony and Province, by their representatives, into one body or coun-\\ncil, styled a Provincial Congress, who shall act in all cases whatsoever for the\\ngood of the common cause\\nNow, therefore, be it known that we, the inhabitants of Parish (or district),\\nbeing met together in order to choose such men as are capable of the important\\ntrust, do choose A, B, C. D, c being the number determined on in the Pro-\\nvincial Congress, held at Savannah, 4th of July, 1775, to represent us in the Pro-\\nvincial Congress, to be held at said town of Savannah, on the fourth of Decem-\\nber next. And we do require you, the said A, B, C, to do, transact, join, and con-\\ncur with the other delegates of this Province, so sitting as above recited, on all\\nthings, as shall appear eligible and fit at this alarming time, for the preservation\\nand defence of our rights and liberties and we further empower you to choose\\nother delegates, if in your wisdom you think proper; or if any requisition in that\\ncase should be made, by the Grand Continental Congress, in order to join or suc-\\nceed the delegates in that Congress, now chosen by the people of this Province.\\nAnd we do bind ourselves solemnly under the sacred ties of religion, virtue, and\\nhonour, and love of our country, to abide by, enforce and carry into execution, or", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "PROVINCIAL CONGRESS. 79\\nendeavour so to do, at the risk and peril of our lives and fortunes, whatsoever you\\nwith the other delegates shall resolve and agree upon to be necessary for the well\\ndoing and preservation of the violated rights of this Province and the Conti-\\nnent in general\\nSigned by us this clay of 1775.\\nSaturday, July 15th, 1775.\\nA motion was made and seconded, that a Committee be appointed\\nto report their opinion with respect to the better governing the Mili-\\ntia of this Province which being agreed to, a Committee was ap-\\npointed accordingly, to wit Stephen Drayton, Samuel Elbert, Dr.\\nBrownson, and Peter Tarlin.\\nA motion was made and seconded, that a Committee be appointed\\nto communicate to the inhabitants of this Province an account of the\\ndisputes subsisting between Great Britain and the colonies, and also\\nthe proceedings of this Congress and the same being agreed to, it\\nwas ordered that the Rev. Dr. Zubly, Noble Wy mberley Jones, Wil-\\nliam Young, and George Walton, be a Committee for that purpose.\\nResolved, That this Congress shall expire on the 20th day of August next that\\na new election be made at such times between the twentieth day of August and\\nfirst of September, as the inhabitants of the several parishes and districts (except\\nthe town and district of Savannah) shall think fit respectively, and that the\\nmembers so elected, with those who shall afterwards be chosen for the town\\nand district of Savannah, do meet in General Congress at Savannah, on the fourth\\nday of December next, or sooner, if the Council of Safety shall think it expe-\\ndient to summon them.\\nResolved, That the members of this Congress use every endeavour to give as\\npublic notice of elections as possible, and that each parish and district shall, at\\nthe time of such elections, likewise choose a sufficient number, as a parochial or\\ndistrict committee, to enforce the different resolves of the Continental and Pro-\\nvincial Congresses.\\nResolved. That the inhabitants of the town and district of Savannah do meet\\nat Savannah on Friday, the fifteenth day of September next, to choose seventeen\\ndelegates to represent them in Provincial Congress.\\nResolved, That the several delegates for the town and district of Savannah, oi\\na majority of them, together with all other delegates who shall happen to be in\\ntown, shall be a General Committee for the Province; that they shall have\\npower to superintend, direct, and advise all the Parochial or District Committees,\\nand, in case of difficulty, to inform them of their duty. And any person who\\nshall apprehend himself aggrieved by the decision of any of the Parochial or\\nDistrict Committees, may appeal to the said General Committee, who shall hear\\nhis case, and do justice according to the spirit and intention of this Congress;\\nand in case such appellant shall still be dissatisfied, he may lay his case before\\nthe next Congress, provided there be no delay occasioned by any such appeal\\nbut the sentence of each Committee shall take effect immediately after being\\npronounced.", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "80 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nMonday, July 17, 1775.\\nResolved, That the Reverend Mr. Haddon Smith, by twice refusing to comply\\nwith the request of this Congress, and to join on a day of fasting and prayer ap-\\npointed by the Continental Congress to be observed throughout all America,\\nbesides the day appointed by his Excellency the Governor, at the request of this\\nCongress, has given too much reason to believe he does not wish that the happy\\nevent mentioned in the American Proclamation may take place, and that the\\nsaid Mr. Haddon Smith has thereby incurred the censure of this Congress, and\\nought to be considered as unfriendly to America.\\nResolved, nernine coniradicente, That the delegates appointed by this Congress\\nto go to Philadelphia, do apply to the Continental Congress to incorporate this\\nProvince with the United Provinces of North America, and that they pledge\\nthe faith of us and our constituents to contribute an adequate part of the ex-\\npenses which have or may accrue in defence of the violated rights of America.\\nResolved, That the Council of Safety have full power, upon every emergency,\\nduring the recess of Congress, to give such information, and propose such\\nmeasures, by way of advice, to our Continental delegates, as the circumstances\\nof the case may require, and they shall think conducive to the public good.\\nResolved. That it be strongly recommended to the friends of America in this\\nProvince, that they use their utmost endeavours to preserve peace and good order,\\nand to cultivate harmony with one another, and always to avoid national reflec-\\ntions, which can onlv tend to produce divisions and jealousies among the in-\\nhabitants.\\nResolved, That this Congress do adjourn to the nineteenth day of August next,\\nand that the General Committee have power to call it at Savannah sooner, if\\nthey upon any emergency shall deem it expedient for the good of the Province.\\nBy order of the Congress.\\nA true copy from the minutes.\\nGeorge Walton, Secretary.", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "PROVINCIAL CONGRESS. 81\\nADDRESS OF THE COMMITTEE APPOINTED BY THE PROVINCIAL\\nCONGRESS.\\nSavannah, July 25th, 1775.\\nTo the Inhabitants of the Province of Georgia\\nFellow-Countrymen, We are directed to transmit to you an ac-\\ncount of the present state of American affairs, as well as the proceed-\\nings of the late Provincial Congress.\\nIt is with great sorrow we are to acquaint you, that what our fears\\nsuggested, but our reason thought impossible, is actually come to\\npass.\\nA civil war in America is begun. Several engagements have\\nalready happened. The friends and foes of America have been\\nequally disappointed. The friends of America were in hopes British\\ntroops could not be induced to slay their brethren. It is, however,\\ndone, and the circumstances are such, as must be an everlasting blot on\\ntheir character for humanity and generosity. An unfeeling commander\\nhas found means to inspire his troops with the same evil spirit that\\npossesseth himself. After the starving, helpless, innocent inhabit-\\nants of Boston delivered up their arms, and received his promise that\\nthey might leave that virtuous, devoted town, he is said to have broke\\nhis word; and the wretched inhabitants are still kept, to fall a prey to\\ndisease, famine, and confinement. If there are powers which abhor\\ninjustice and oppression, it may be hoped such perfidy cannot go long\\nunpunished.\\nBut the. enemies of America have been no less disappointed.\\nNothing so contemptible, in their eyes, like the rabble of an Ameri-\\ncan militia nothing more improbable than that they would dare to\\nlook regulars in the face, or stand a single fire. By this time they\\nmust have felt how much they were mistaken. In every engagement\\nthe Americans appeared with a bravery worthy of men that fight for\\nthe liberties of their oppressed country. Their success has been re-\\nmarkable the number of the slain and wounded on every occasion\\nexceeds theirs, and the advantages they gained are the more honour-\\nable, because, with a patience that scarce has an example, they bore\\nevery act of injustice and insult, till their lives were attacked, and then\\ngave the fullest proof that the man of calmness and moderation in coun-\\nsel is usually also the most intrepid and courageous in battle. You will\\ndoubtless lament with us the hundreds that died in their countries\\ncause but does it not call for greater sorrow that thousands of British\\nsoldiers sought and found their deaths when they were active to en-\\nslave their brethren and their country However irritating all these\\nproceedings, yet so unnatural is this quarrel, that every good man\\nmust wish and pray that it may soon cease; that the injured rights of\\nAmerica may be vindicated by milder means and that no more blood\\nmay be shed, unless it be of those who fomented, and mean to make\\nan advantage of those unhappy divisions. From the proceedings of\\n6", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "82 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nthe Congress, a copy of which accompanies the present, you will be\\nconvinced that a reconciliation on honourable principles is an object\\nwhich your delegates never lost sight of. We have sent an humble\\nand manly petition to his Majesty; addressed his representative, our\\nGovernor; provided, as far as in onr power, for internal quiet and\\nsafety and delegates will soon attend the General Congress, to assist\\nand co-operate in any measure that shall be thought necessary for the\\nsaving of America. His Excellency, at our request, having appointed\\nthe 19th inst. as a day of humiliation, and news being afterwards\\nreceived that the Continental Congress had recommended the 20th\\ninst. to be observed as such, both days have been observed with a\\nbecoming solemnity and we humbly hope many earnest prayers have\\nbeen presented to the Father of Mercies on that day, through this\\nextensive continent, and that He has heard the cries of the destitute,\\nand will not despise their prayers. You will permit us most earnestly\\nto recommend to you a steady perseverance in the cause of Liberty,\\nand that you will use all possible caution not to say or do anything\\nunworthy of so glorious a cause to promote frugality, peace and\\ngood order, and in the practice of every social and religious duty,\\npatiently to wait the return of that happy day, when we may quietly\\nsit under our vine and fig-tree, and no man make us afraid.\\nJ. J. Zubly.\\nN. W. Jones.\\nGeorge Walton.\\nThe following is a copy af a petition from the inhabitants of Georgia, which\\nwas presented to the King on Friday, October 28, by Governor Johnstone,\\nand of letters which accompanied it.\\nSavannah, July 14, 1775.\\nTo George Johnstone, Esq.:\\nSir, It is with singular pleasure that I am desired to transmit the accom-\\npanying papers to you, sensible that in a cause where the essential rights of so\\nmany millions are concerned, no endeavours on your part will be wanting to give\\nthem their full effect.\\nThe many proofs which the people of this Provin e had of your magnanimity,\\njustice, and disinterested integrity in establishing the neighbouring coloay ot\\nWest Florida, have rendered your name respected throughout America, and your\\nsubsequent conduct has endeared you still further to every lover of mankind in\\nthe Eastern, and Western world.\\nThese motives have determined the Congress in the application they now\\nmake. I am sensible, if the same counsels prevail, the task of conveying such\\ndisagreeable truths to the throne must prove very painful but we believe there\\nis no person who would undertake the office with less reluctance, or execute it\\nwith more becoming duty and respect to his Majesty.\\nI am, c,", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "PROVINCIAL CONGRESS. 83\\nSavannah, Georgia, July 14, 1775.\\nSir, When turbulent and wicked minds are employed solely to raise com-\\nmotions in the State and disturb the tranquillity of the subject; when by their\\nbaneful influence life, property, and freedom are inhumanly invaded, and the\\ninnocence and loyalty of thousands are unjustly questioned, we, the inhabitants\\nof Georgia, by a just delegation from the different parishes being now convened\\nin Congress in this town, have resolved to address a dutiful petition, setting\\nforth our grievances and the bad tendency of the many wicked and treacherous\\nproceedings against this Continent that have passed since the year 1763.\\nAlthough we know the fate of ail other petitions on this head, and cannot flat-\\nter ourselves that we should meet with one different: yet, as the right of petition-\\ning is the subject s, we beg leave to enclose this our prayer and remonstrance to\\nyou, hoping and trusting, on the noble sentiments you entertain and support in\\nfavour of us, much injured Americans, that, countenanced by one of your great\\nabilities, it may approach the throne.\\nWe assure you. Sir, we are, and always were, firmly attached to his Ma-\\njesty s family, nor can any thing shake our integrity. But when, by evil and\\nwicked ministers, our birthright as Englishmen shall be violated, that integrity\\nmust urge us to hand down to our children a right so invaluable.\\nWe conceive our immediate dependence on the crown can by no means hin-\\nder our doing that indispensable duty, in joining with the rest of America against\\nacts that tend to enslave a people whose loyalty and faith were never even sus-\\npected, until the actions of the times wanted an excuse.\\nWe have the honour to be, Sir,\\nYour most obedient and very humble servants,\\nWilliam Young, Edward Telfair,\\nDavid Zublt, Jr., Daniel Roberts,\\nJohn Glen, Wm. Ewen,\\nSteph. Drayton,\\nTo George Johnstone, Esq. A Committee of Intelligence.\\npetition to the king.\\nTo the King s Most Excellent Majesty\\nMay it please your Majesty Though we bring up the rear of\\nAmerican petitioners, and, from the fate of so many petitions present-\\ned to your Majesty, from America, your great city of London, and\\nothers of your European subjects, have a most melancholy prospect,\\nwe still hope that He by whom kings rule, and to whom monarchs\\nare accountable, will incline you to pay some regard to our most.\\nhumble and faithful representation. In times like these, when the\\nedge of present feeling is blunted by the expectation of calamities still\\ngreater, we must take the liberty to speak before we die. We would\\nacquaint our Sovereign with things which greatly affect his interest.\\nWe would endeavour to waken the feeling and pity of our common\\nfather.", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "84 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nYour Majesty is the rightful sovereign of the most important em-\\npire in the universe.\\nThe blessings of Providence on your arms have put a country under\\nyou of greater importance and extent than several kingdoms in Eu-\\nrope. In this large extent of territory, by some late acts, popery is\\nnot only tolerated (which we conceive would have been an act of jus-\\ntice), but an indulgence has been granted, little short of a full estab-\\nlishment, to a religion which is equally injurious to the rights of\\nsovereign and of mankind. French and arbitrary laws have there\\nby authority taken place of the just and mild British Constitution,\\nand all this has been done with a professed and avowed design to\\noverawe your Majesty s Ancient Protestant and loyal subjects, some\\nof whom had no small share in the merit of that conquest. Acts to\\nraise a perpetual res (nine on the Americans without their consent have\\nbeen enacted, which, at one stroke, turn all your American subjects\\ninto slaves, and deprive them of that right which the most oppressive\\ntaskmaster does not deny to the servant bought with his money. Ex-\\nperience must now have shown, as it will clearer, should these acts\\nbe enforced, that instead of increasing the revenue, or lessening the\\nburden of your European subjects, they can only serve to increase\\ntheir taxation. Laws which we conceive fraught with so much in-\\njustice have been attempted to be enforced by equal cruelty, and\\nwhenever we thought ourselves at the height of our troubles, your\\nMajesty s ministers have stretched their unhappy ingenuity to find out\\nnew methods of distress, and, it is believed, methods have been more\\nthan thought of, too shocking to human nature, to be even named in\\nthe list of grievances suffered under a British king.\\nThe goodness of God hath made your Majesty the father of a very\\nnumerous issue, on whom we place the pleasing hopes of a Protestant\\nsuccession but your Majesty s arms in America now every day make\\nmothers childless, and children fatherless. The blood of your sub\\njects has been shed with pleasure rather than with pity. For an act\\nwhich amounted to no more, even under the worst construction, than\\nan irregular zeal for constitutional liberty, and without any step taken\\nto find out the supposed guilty persons, the capital of your American\\ndominions has been blocked up, deprived of its trade, and its poor of\\nsubsistence. Thousands, confessedly innocent, have been starved,\\nruined, driven from, or kept like prisoners, in their own habitations;\\ntheir cries and blood innocently shed have undoubtedly, and daily,\\nreached to His ears who hateth injustice and oppression.\\nBelieve us, great sir, America is not divided; all men (crown offi-\\ncers not excepted) speak of these acts and measures with disapproba-\\ntion, and if there has been some difference of opinion as to the mode\\nof relief, the rigorous experiments which your ministry thought fit\\nto try on the Americans have been the most effectual means to con-\\nvince these of the iniquitous designs of your ministry, and to unite\\nthem all as in a common cause. Your Majesty s ministers, after intro-\\nducing the demon of discord into your empire, and driving America to\\nthe brink of despair, place all their dignity in measures obstinately", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "PROVINCIAL CONGRESS. 85\\npursued, because they were once wantonly taken. They hearkened\\nto no information but what represented Americans as rebels or cow-\\nards. Time will every day make it clearer how much they were\\ninfatuated and mistaken. Too long, we must lament, have these men\\nimposed on your paternal affection. Deign now, most gracious Prince,\\nin their room, to hearken to the cries of your loyal and affectionate\\nsubjects of this extensive Continent; let the goodness of your heart\\ninterpose between weak or wicked ministers, and millions of loyal and\\naffectionate subjects. No longer let the sword be stained with the\\nblood of your own children recall your troops and fleets and if any\\nmisunderstanding remains, let the Americans be heard, and justice\\nand equity take place. Let us be ruled according to the known prin-\\nciples of our excellent Constitution, and command the last shilling of\\nour property, and the last drop of our blood in your service.\\nUncertain as to the event of this our humble representation, it\\naffords us a relief that we may, unrestrained, apply to the great and\\nmerciful Sovereign of the whole earth, who will not despise the prayer\\nof the oppressed; and to Him we most ardently pray that, the wicked\\nbeing removed from before the king, the king s throne may be esta-\\nblished in righteousness.\\nBy order of the Congress, at Savannah, this 14th day of July.\\nA. Bulloch, President.", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "86 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nIn June, 1775, a Council of Safety was appointed at Savannah,\\nconsisting of William Evven, William Le Conte, Bazil Cowper,\\nSamuel Elbert, William Young, Elislia Butler, Edward Telfair, JohjL.\\nGlen^ieorge Houstoun, George Walton, Joseph Habersham, F. H.\\nHarris, John Smith, and John Morel. William Ewen was chosen\\nPresident, and Seth John Cuthbert, Secretary.\\nWe can give our readers only a portion of the proceedings of the\\nCouncil of Safety, not having been able to find any regular journal\\nkept by them.\\nPROCEEDINGS OF THE COUNCIL OF SAFETY.\\nMr. Rutledge laid the following draught of a letter to the Congress\\nor Council of Safety in Georgia:\\nCharlestown, Dec. 14, 1775.\\nGentlemen\\nThe Council of Safety have heard with astonishment and concern that several\\nvessels are loading at Savannah for Great Britain, some with rice, and others, one\\nin particular of Mr. T s, with indigo. It is true the General Association did not\\nprohibit the exportation of rice to Europe, or of other American produce, except\\nto Great Britain, Ireland or the West Indies, after the 10th of last September, so\\nthat shipping rice to Great Britain, before the resolutions of Congress of the 1st ult.,\\na copy of which is enclosed, were known, was allowable. It is to be wished, how-\\never, that Georgia had pursued the conduct of the northern colonies, all of whom,\\nwe are assured, in consequence of the late restricting acts, suspended exportation,\\nas this Colony did, after the 10th of September, except for purchasing the means\\nof defence, till the sense of the Continental Congress should be declared on that\\nsubject; but with respect to shipping indigo to Great Britain after that period,\\nthey are without excuse. For the honour of your Colon} and the interest of Ameri-\\nca, we shall rejoice to know, that a report so disgraceful to the former, and inju-\\nrious to the latter, is void of foundation we cannot yet be persuaded to think it\\notherwise, for we hope that the Continental resolutions will be inviolably preserv-\\ned in your Colony, as in any other, and doubt not that the disaffected in Geor-\\ngia are so few, and the friends of liberty so numerous and powerful, that all at-\\ntempts of the former to hurt the American cause will ever prove abortive. We\\nhave therefore thought it expedient to address you on the subject, being desirous\\nof obtaining a true account of the matter, from the best authority. We there-\\nfore hope that you will favour us with it by return of bearer, and hope it will ena-\\nble us to remove all impressions which may have been made. But if, unfortu-\\nnately, the fact should be reported to us, we earnestly entreat that your Congress,\\nCouncil of Safety, or General Committee, will take the most effectual means for\\npreventing so flagrant a breach of the Continental Association and resolutions.\\nWe have been applied to for leave to clear our vessels with the produce of this\\nColony for Great Britain, as a cover of safety, where it was pretended that such\\nvessel should nevertheless proceed directly to a foreign port, and for the express\\npurpose, also, of procuring ammunition but we have refused our assent, and have", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "PROCEEDINGS OF THE COUNCIL OF SAFETY. 87\\nordered the Committee at the outposts to be watchful against such attempts, which\\nthough specious at first view, are full of danger to the common cause, and might\\ngive great encouragement to designing men to commit frauds. The Congress at\\nPhiladelphia refused such indulgence even to those whom they had given special\\nlicense to export.\\nBy order of the Council of Safety.\\nThe Provincial Congress or Council of Safety in Georgia.\\nThis letter was sent by express.\\n[Answer to the above.)\\nSavannah, December 19, 1775.\\nGentlemen, We received your letter of the 14th instant, respecting exporta-\\ntion, and as two of our Continental delegates had just arrived, we thought proper\\nto defer giving you an answer until we had consulted them in Council. This we\\nhave done, and have deemed it expedient to send Stephen Drayton and William\\nEwen, Esqrs., two of this Board, to explain those things to you, in order that all\\nunfavourable mistakes, jealousies and animosities may be removed.\\nBy order of the Board.\\nWe have the honour to be,\\nGentlemen,\\nYour most obedient servants,\\nGeorge Walton, President.\\nTo Hie Hon. Council of Safety at Charlestown.\\nIn the Council of Safety,\\nSavannah, March 2, 1776.\\nFor the safety of the Province, and the good of the United Colo-\\nnies, it is unanimously\\nResolved, That the houses in the town of Savannah, and the hamlets there-\\nunto belonging, together with the shipping now in the port of Savannah, the\\nproperty of, or appertaining to the friends of America, who have associated and\\nappeared, or who shall appear in the present alarm to defend the same, and also the\\nhou-es of widows and orphans, and none others, be forthwith valued and appraised.\\nOrdered, That Messrs. Joseph Clay, Joseph Reynolds, John McLuer, Joseph\\nDunlap, and John Glen, or any three of them, be a Committee for that purpose,\\nand that (hey make a return of such value and appraisement, to the Council of\\nSafety to-morrow morning. 9 o clock, or as soon after as possible.\\nResolved, That the delegates for this Province shall be instructed to apply to\\nthe Continental Congress for an indemnification to such persons who shall suffer\\nin the defence of this town or shipping.\\nResolved, That it shall be considered as a defection from the cause of America,\\nand a desertion of property in such persons who have and shall leave the iowh\\nof Savannah, or the hamlets thereunto belonging, during the present alarm, and\\nsuch persons shall be precluded from any support or countenance towards obtain-\\ning an indemnification.\\nResolved, That it be incumbent upon the friends of America in this Province\\nto defend the metropolis as long as the same shall be tenable.", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "OO HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nResolved, That rather than the same shall be held and occupied by our ene-\\nmies, or (ho shipping now in the port of Savannah taken and employed by them,\\nthat the same shall be burnt and destroyed.\\nResolved, That orders shall be issued to the commanding officer, directing him\\nto have the foregoing resolutions put into execution.\\nCopy of a Letter from the Council of Safety in Georgia to the Hon. Council\\nof Safety for South Carolina.\\nSavannah, Georgia, March 4th, 1776.\\nGentlemen, Our dispositions on the evening of the 2d were such as appeared\\nto our officers the most likely to prevent the landing of our enemy and so as,\\nif they should make their landing good, either above or below the town, to pre-\\nvent their getting in however, notwithstanding our vigilance, they, by collusion\\nwith the masters and others on board the merchant ships which hauled near the\\nshore of Hutchison s Island, in the night-time got on board these ships, about four\\no clock yesterday morning, to the number, as far as we are competent to judge\\nfrom the observations we made, and the intelligence we received, of between\\n200 and 300, where they affected to conceal themselves. We had our fears\\nrespecting these shipping, and therefore kept a good watch upon them; but it\\nwas impossible for sentinels on shore to descry them in boarding from the other,\\nthe vessels being betwixt. Captain Rice, who commanded a boat of observa-\\ntion, was sent on board the shipping about nine o clock, to order the rigging on\\nshore, and was, without any noise, or the smallest knowledge of us, kidnapped.\\nThis we did not know till about half an hour afterwards. Two sailors, under pre-\\ntence of coming on shore for clothes, gave information of the troops being on board\\nthe shipping, and of Rice s being taken. About 300 men were then immedi-\\nately marched to Yam ac raw, opposite the shipping, with three four-pounders,\\nand threw up a breastwork. The armed schooner Hinchinblook, of guns,\\nwith a number of men on board, which, with others, went up the Back river in\\nthe afternoon of the day preceding, about this time set sail down the South river,\\nwith intent, no doubt, of covering the landing of the troops from on board the\\nmerchant shipping, but being continually fired at by two companies of rifle-\\nmen, who were placed in ambuscade, she was obliged to come very slowly and\\noften came to, and returned a very smart fire at every place where the riflemen\\nfired from, until the tide was spent, and she could not go down. During the\\ncourse of this firing, only one of our men got wounded, and that slightly, in the\\nthigh but on board several were seen to fall. In town, we had exhibited a\\nstill more interesting scene. We found the men and officers clamorous about the\\ncapture and detention of Rice; and two gentlemen, Lieut. Daniel Roberts, of\\nthe St. John Rangers, and Mr. Raymond Demere, of St. Andrew s Parish.\\nsolicited and were permitted to go on board to demand a surrender of\\nRice and his people. They accordingly divested themselves of arms, and were\\nrowed by a negro on board a vessel in which were Captain Barclay, the Commo\\ndore, and Major Grant, and these officers, contrary to all principles which cement\\nsociety and govern mankind, immediately arrested our deputies, and yet detain\\nthem as prisoners. We waited with anxious expectation for near half an\\nhour, when we demanded our deputies, by the help of a trumpet, without getting\\nany other but insulting answers. Whereupon we fired two four-pounders", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "PROCEEDINGS OF THE COUNCIL OF SAFETY. 89\\ndirectly into them, and then they informed us that they would send an answer in\\nwriting which they presently afterwards did. and signed by Lieutenant Roberts\\nand Mr. Demere, purporting that if we would send two of the persons in whom\\nthe people F?i st confided, they would treat with them. Capt. Screven, of the\\nSt. John Rangers, and Capt, Baker, of the St. John Riflemen, chagrined, no\\ndoubt, (the former particularly on account of his lieutenant,) by detention of\\nour deputies, took about a dozen of the riflemen in a boat, and rowed directly\\nunder the stern of Captain Inglis, in whose vessel were a great part of the sol-\\ndiery, and in peremptory terms demanded the deputies, and were informed, after\\none shot from Capt. Baker, by a discharge down directly upon them of near 200\\nshot, both from swivels and small arms, which were kept up while they were in\\nreach the captains and men in the boats not in the smallest degree confused, or\\neven, perhaps, disappointed by the attack, fired three rifles, most of them three\\nseveral times, as they say, not without execution and wonderful to tell, not\\na man of them was killed\u00e2\u0080\u0094 one man only received a slug in the fleshy part of his\\nshoulder, which was immediately cut out, witnout the smallest inconvenience or\\ndanger. The spectators all declare, as we now do, that such a providential\\ndeliverance has not yet been known. The unmanly attack upon a few men in\\nan open boat produced a general fire from our field-pieces and intrenchments,\\nand as smart a return from two four-pounders and several swivels from the ship-\\nping, which lasted from about 12 o clock to 4; and although they often fired lan-\\ngrage, which continually whistled about our men, not a single man was even\\ntouched, but we have no doubt a number of the enemy met with a worse fate, as\\nthey were seen frequently to fall. About 4 o clock we called a council, and\\ndetermined to have the vessels immediately burnt, and issued orders to Colonel\\nMcintosh accordingly. Whereupon the Inverness, late Capt. McGillivray, loaded\\nwith rice and deer-skins, was set on fire and cut loose. Upon this, the soldiers,\\nin the most laughable confusion, got ashore in the marsh, while our riflemen and\\nfield-pieces with grape-shot were incessantly galling them. The shipping were\\nnow also in confusion. Some got up the river, under cover of the armed\\nschooner, while others caught the flame, and as night approached, exhibited a\\nscene, as they passed and repassed with the tide, which at any but the present\\ntime would be truly horrible, but now a subject only of gratitude and applause.\\nThe ships of Captains Inglis and Wardell neither got up the river nor on fire;\\nthey were ordered on shore, and now are prisoners of Capt. Screven in the\\ncountry, and their vessels brought down close into a wharf. They were per-\\nmitted to write to Capt, Barclay in the evening, to inform them of their situa-\\ntion, and to request an exchange of prisoners, which the latter peremptorily\\nrefused.\\nWe have thus given you a particular detail of things as they really happened,\\nto prevent the belief of any erroneous intelligence, and from which you will be\\ncompetent to judge of our situation.\\nCol. Mcintosh laid before the Board a resolution of your Congress, to aid us,\\naccompanied by a letter from Mr. Lowndes and we are very glad that you have\\ndetermined to afford us further assistance. We wish it may arrive in time.\\nBy order of the Council of Safety.\\nWm. Ewen, President.", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "90 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nIn the Council of Safety,\\nSavannah, March 1, 1776.\\nWhereas, the resolution of the Hon. the Continental Congress, re-\\nstraining the exportation of rice from the United Colonies for a time,\\nhaving expired this day, without any further or additional restraint,\\nas we know of, it now lies with the Council of Safety for this Pro-\\nvince either farther to restrain the exportation, or to permit it. And\\nwhereas a formidable force, both by sea and land, having invaded\\nthis Province for several weeks past, and it appearing, by the arrival\\nof such force, that the cause of the said Continental restriction is not\\nremoved:\\nResolved, therefore, That no ships loaded with rice, or any other\\narticle of produce, in this Province, shall be permitted to sail with-\\nout leave of the Council of Safety or next Congress, except such\\nvessels as are or shall be permitted to sail for the purpose of procur-\\ning the necessary means of defence.\\nResolved, That in case any loss shall be sustained by such deten-\\ntion, the delegates of this Province shall be instructed to apply to the\\nContinental Congress to make the reimbursement for such loss a\\ngenera] charge.\\nOrdered, That the rudders be unshipped, and the rigging and\\nsails taken away and secured from the several vessels now riding in\\nthe port of Savannah.\\nOrders to Col. Lachlan McIntosh.\\nSir, You will enforce and have executed the aforementioned re\\nsolutions and order, the resolution heretofore delivered to you as of\\nthe Council of Safety being erroneous and any permit you may have\\ngiven in consequence, you will please to recall.\\nBy order of the Council of Safety.\\nWm. Ewen, President.\\nEdward Langworthey, Secretary.\\nA true copy from the Minutes.\\nIn the Council of Safety,\\nSavannah, March 2, 1776.\\na proclamation.\\nWhereas, many householders in the town of Savannah, and the\\nhamlets thereunto belonging, have basely deserted their habitations\\nsince the commencement of the present alarms\\nAnd whereas, some of them are associates in the great American", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "PROCEEDINGS OF THE COUNCIL OF SAFETY. 91\\nUnion, and by consequence, their lives and fortunes bound to support\\nit And whereas, there is a number of shipping in the port of Savan-\\nnah belonging and appertaining to persons resident in this Province\\nAnd whereas, we deem it incumbent upon every person, more espe-\\ncially those who have associated, to defend their property with their\\nlives\\nThese are, therefore, to cite and admonish all persons holding any\\nproperty in the town, or hamlets, or shipping aforesaid, forthwith to\\nrepair to head-quarters, in Savannah, to defend the same, on pain of\\nsuffering all the consequences contained in the foregoing resolutions.\\nBy order of the Council of Safety.\\nWm. Ewen, President.\\nMarch 5, 1776.\\nMr. President of the Council of Safety laid before Congress seve-\\nral papers received this morning by express from Georgia, and ad-\\ndressed to their Board.\\nResolved, That the unanimous thanks of this Congress be returned\\nby Mr. President to the Council of Safety of Georgia, in terms of the\\nhighest approbation of their noble and spirited conduct.\\nLetter of President Drayton to the Council of Safety in Georgia.\\nGentlemen, Your letters of the 1st and 2d inst., and your resolu-\\ntions, order, and proclamation of these dates, were to be laid before\\nthe Congress, transfusing a general and perfect joy.\\nAnd the Congress, sensible of the vast importance which your\\nexemplary conduct must be to the American cause, unanimously\\nvoted their thanks; and I have the honour thus to transmit them to\\nyou, for your having decisively taken the noble, politic, and vigorous\\nresolution\\nThat the vessels in the port of Savannah, ready to sail, contrary to\\nthe interest of America, shall be forthwith unrigged and unruddered,\\nand that rather than the enemy shall possess those vessels and your\\ncapital, all shall perish in a noble conflagration lighted by yourselves.\\nAn instance of heroic principle not exceeded by any, and unequalled\\nbut by few, in history.\\nYour conduct in citing such of the inhabitants of Savannah as had\\nabandoned their possessions in that town, to return to its defence,\\nunder penalty of being deemed to have deserted such property, and\\nof being excluded from any support towards obtaining an indemnifi-\\ncation for any loss they may sustain by a general conflagration, re-", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "92 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nceived the highest applause, as being worthy of imitation. The\\npolicy and justice of the measure are equally conspicuous.\\nIn short, the Congress feel the greatest satisfaction from their\\nhaving anticipated your called-for assistance. It is sufficient that\\nwe know our friends stand in need of our aid. We hope that our\\nforces under Colonel Bull will fully accommodate your necessity\\nand you may rest assured that we shall continue to afford the friends\\nof America in Georgia every support in our power.\\nI have the honour, c.\\n(Signed) Wm. Henry Drayton,\\nPresident.\\nCol. Laciilan McIntosh to Gen. Washington.\\nSavannah, in Georgia, Feb. 16, 1776.\\nSir, My country having honoured me with the command of the Continental\\nBattalion ordered to be raised by the General Congress for the protection and\\ndefence of this Colony, (though I fear too partial to my poor abilities,) it\\nbecomes my duty to inform your Excellency of the state of our Province, as\\nfar as it concerns the service, as well as of the troops to be immediately under my\\ncommand.\\nOur Province has a front along the sea-coast of above one hundred miles,\\ncovered by a range of islands, divided from each other by eight rivers from the main-\\nland, which make as many good inlets and harbours, most of them capable of\\nreceiving any frigate, and, as some say, much larger ships. Our settlements\\nextend back to the northwest above two hundred miles, in other parts to the\\nsouthward not above ten, and very thinly inhabited indeed, this large space of\\nland, altogether, has not more than three thousand men, chiefly in the back\\ncountry, and many disaffected and doubtful in our cause, especially the men of\\nthe greatest property among us. Our slaves will be above fifteen thousand\\nsouls, mostly within twenty miles of the sea-coast, and make above thirty-five\\nthousand tierces of rice annually, besides many other articles of provision, which,\\nwith our fine harbours, make the security of this colony, though weak in itself,\\nof the utmost consequence to the whole continent of America; and we have\\nevery reason to think our enemies intend to make it a place of general rendez-\\nvous and supplies.\\nWe are bounded south by the garrisoned Province of East Florida, who have\\nnow, as I am well informed, five hundred regulars in St. Augustine, and one\\nthousand more expected there daily from Europe. On the west of us is the\\nProvince of West Florida, the numerous nations of the Creel!, Choctaw, and\\nCherokee Indians, besides lesser tribes, supposed to have at least ten thousand\\nu-un-men, brave, intrepid, and eager for war, whom we will have the utmost", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "McINTOSH TO WASHINGTON. 93\\ndifficulty to keep at peace with us, as we want every article of their usual\\nsupply, and now furnished them in great plenty from the two Floridas. Our\\nmetropolis is situated, in the south corner of the Province, upon a bluff, or sand-\\nhill, thirty feet high or more above the water, and fifteen miles up the river\\nSavannah, from the inlet of Tybee, where five ships of war, the Syren, the Scar-\\nborough, the Raven, the Tamar, and Cherokee, besides tenders, are now lying,\\nand two large transports, having, it is said, above three hundred men on board,\\nand expecting more in daily, with what design, whether for this Colony or\\nCarolina, or both together, we are not yet informed. Our Province has declared\\nitself in a state of alarm, and resolved not to supply the men of war with pro-\\nvisions, and ordered a draft of half the militia to the town of Savannah to oppose\\nthe landing of any troops.\\nOur Provincial Congress having accepted the battalion ordered for their pro-\\ntection and defence, chose the officers the 29th and 30th ultimo, (a return of\\nwhom shall accompany this,) and made them sign the enclosed test before their\\ncommissions were delivered and I have this day issued general orders for re-\\ncruiting, which has been hitherto prevented by many obstacles in providing\\nmoney for that and other necessary service, and I fear will yet be attended with\\nsome difficulty. We expect very few in our own Province that of South\\nCarolina is said to be already drained of such people as will enlist, by their Pro-\\nvincial regiments, besides their bounty, subsistence, c, are so much better than\\nours.\\nTherefore, I expect we must have recourse, distant as it is, to North Carolina,\\nwith this additional disadvantage, that our currency passes in no other colony\\nthan our own, and we have received very little Continental money as yet.\\nI have received no kind of orders or instructions from the General Congress\\nor your Excellency nor have I yet been able to obtain even a copy of the\\nAmerican articles of war, which makes me at a loss how to act in many cases\\ntherefore I shall wish any orders or directions your Excellency will please to\\nsend me, to be as full and frequent as possible also, to be informed how far we\\nare under the control of the Provincial Congress, c, of this or any other Pro-\\nvince where we are upon duty, and what rank we hold when acting with militia,\\nor Provincial troops.\\nI shall take the liberty of appointing surgeons to the battalion, which are so\\nindispensably necessary, that I suppose the neglect of not naming any must be\\nowing to our delegates and also to make Capt. Colson s a rifle company, when\\nraised, which I think will be useful, and hope will meet with your Excellency s\\napprobation and I doubt not but we will be obliged to arm more with such guns,\\nfor want of others, which are very scarce.\\nI have the honour to be your Excellency s\\nMost obedient and most humble servant,\\nLachlan McIntosh.\\nTo his Excellency, George Washington, Esq., Commander-\\nin-Chief of the American Forces.", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "94\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nIn Provincial Congress, Savannah,\\nFeb. 10, 1776.\\nProvince of Georgia:\\nWhereas a battalion upon the Continental establishment is now raising in\\nthis Province; and whereas doubts may arise how far the same is subject to the\\ncontrol of the Provincial civil power Now, therefore, be it known, and we, the\\nseveral subscribers, officers bearing commissions in the same battalion, do hereby\\ndeclare that we hold ourselves and the non-commissioned officers and privates,\\nalso all others belonging to the said battalion, subject and subservient to such\\nsupreme and civil power of this Province as are or shall be erected for the pur-\\npose of defending our rights and liberties.\\nAnd further, we bound ourselves upon the words of soldiers and men of honour,\\nat all times to obey and carry into effect, as far as in us lies, the orders and com-\\nmands of the present or any future Congress or Council of Safety of this Pro-\\nvince as the same shall, from time to time, be issued by us.\\nProvided, nevertheless. That the same do not contradict or interfere with the\\norders or directions of the General Congress, or a Committee thereof, or any\\nGeneral or other officer by them appointed over us.\\nIn witness whereof, we have hereunto set our names, together with the rank and\\ndate of our commissions opposite thereto.\\nA Return of the Officers chosen for the Battalion, ordered to be raised\\nfor the protection and defence of the Colony of Georgia, Feb. 16, 1776.\\nColonel Lachlan McIntosh.\\nLieut. Col. Samuel Elbert.\\nMajor JosEPn Habersham.\\nFirst Company.\\nCaptain Francis Henry Harris.\\nFirst Lieut. John Habersham.\\nSecond Lieut. John Jenkins.\\nEnsign John Rae.\\nSecond Company.\\nCaptain Oliver Bowen.\\nFirst Lieut. George Henley.\\nSecond Lieut. John Berrien.\\nEnsign\\nThird Company.\\nCaptain John McIntosh.\\nFirst Lieut. Lachlan McIntosh.\\nSecond Lieut. Francis Arthur.\\nEnsign John Morrison.\\nFourth Company.\\nCaptain Arthur Carney.\\nFirst Lieut. Benjamin Odinsell.\\nSecond Lieut. John Eman.\\nEnsi m~\\n-Delaplaine.\\nJohn Milton.\\nFifth Company.\\nCaptain Thomas Chisholm.\\nFirst Lieut. Caleb Howell.\\nSecond Lieut. Daniel Cuthbert.\\nEnsign William McIntosh.\\nSixth Company.\\nCaptain JonN Green.\\nFirst Lieut. Ignatius Few.\\nSecond Lieut.\\nSeventh Company.\\nCaptain Chesley Bostick.\\nFirst Lieut. John Martin.\\nSecond Lieut.\\nEighth or Rifle Company.\\nCaptain Colson.\\nFirst Lieut. Shadrach Wright.\\nSecond Lieut. George Walton.\\nEnsign\\nChaplain John Holmes.", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "MC INTOSH TO WASHINGTON. 95\\nColonel Lachlan McIntosh to General Washington.\\nSavannah, in Georgia, April 28, 1776.\\nSir, I wrote to your Excellency the lGth of February and 8th of March, to\\nwhich please to be referred and now enclose you a report of our battalion made\\nto me this day which I deferred sending to you before, in expectation of our of-\\nficers coming in with all their recruits, but the distance they were obliged to go\\nrendered it impossible. I am informed that Captain Colson is on his way, with\\nhis Company, nearly complete and with the other recruiting officers, may make\\nabove 70 or 80 men more than the report; and is altogether above half the com-\\nplement of the battalion, which is more than the oldest battalion in South Carolina\\ncan boast of yet, though near twelve months standing, and their encouragements\\nso much greater, their bounty being 25 pounds South Carolina currency, with\\nthe like sum for clothes, besides their rations and pay, which are also better than\\nours. And if the ease in which the poorest people generally live in the South-\\nern Colonies, and the prejudice they have to any regular service on account of\\nthe restraint that any thing of a strictdiscipline requires, are considered, I flatter\\nmyself your Excellency will think we have not been idle. The chief of the men\\nare enlisted for 12 months; some for 18; and a few who would not engage for\\nmore than 6 months, whom I have admitted, as I had no directions about the\\ntime, and I could not tell how soon we might have occasion for them. Our Pro-\\nvince allows six dollars per man, enlisting money; and upon application have\\nraised it now to eight dollars, which is still too little for the bounty of the men\\nand expense of the officers, whose pay is so small, that they can barely afford to\\nlive in an extravagant country like this, where there are no kinds of manufac-\\ntures, and the small remains of goods advanced to two or three hundred per\\ncent. Indeed, I fear we shall be at the greatest loss to make out clothing of any\\nkind for them, or what is far worse, proper arms. The officers who are not re-\\ncruiting employ all their time in training themselves and the battalion; on which\\nspectators are pleased to pay high compliments for the proficiency they had al-\\nready made, and the appearance of the men. The Raven and the Cherokee are\\nthe only two ships of war which remain now stationed at Tybee in the mouth of\\nthe Savannah River, with whom we have no kind of communication.\\nSeveral armed vessels infest our other inlets to the southward, and have made\\nseveral captures, which we cannot prevent, as we have not a single vessel of any\\nforce but they have always been driven off the shore when they attempted to\\nget a supply of provisions. We are informed there are 2,000 men now in St.\\nAugustine lately arrived, and that they expect more daily; but this wants confir-\\nmation, as I think, in that poor starved colony, they must be much pinched for\\nprovisions. This Province is now raising a troop of sixty horse to prevent their\\ngetting any cattle from our Southern boundary, and another troop of a like num-\\nber, to protect oui Western settlements from the insults of Indians, who are like to\\nbe troublesome all things considered, I certainly think this Colony should have\\na considerable force to defend and secure it, as its safety is of the utmost conse-\\nquence to the great cause of the Continent. The troops of our neighbouring Pro-", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "96 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nvince are all upon Provincial establishment, and at a distance; therefore their as-\\nsistance may depend upon many circumstances.\\nI have the honour to be\\nYour Excellency s most obedient and humble servant,\\nLachlan McIntosh.\\nTo His Excellency, Gkorge Washington, Esq.,\\nGeneral and Commander-in-Chief.\\nA Return of the Strength of the Georgia Battalion, April 28, 1776.\\nCompanies. Capt. Lieut. Ensign. Serg. Corp. Drum. Fifer. Sentinels.\\nCapt, Francis Harris 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 24\\nCant. Oliver Bowen 1 2 3 1 1 1 20\\nCapt. John Mcintosh 1 2 1 4 2 1 19\\nCapt. Arthur Carney 1 2. 1 .4. .4. .0 48\\nCapt. Thomas Chisholm s 1 2 1 4 4 47\\nCapt. John Green 1 .2 .0 .4 .-.4 .0 39\\nCapt. Chesley Bostick s 1 2 2 1 29\\nCapt. Jacob Colson s 1 2 2 1.*. ..0 10\\nTotal 8 15 4 24 17 5 2 236\\nA Return of the present state of the Georgia Battalion, April 28, 1776.\\nCapt.\\n0..\\nLieut.\\n.1.\\nEnsign.\\n.0...\\nSerg.\\n.1\\nCorp.\\nO\\nPrum.\\n.1\\nFifer.\\n.1..\\n.1..\\nSentinels\\n...30\\n0..\\n.1.\\n.0.\\n.1..\\n9\\n.1\\n...30\\n1.\\n.0.\\n.1\\n.0.\\n.1.\\n.0.\\n.0.\\n.11\\n6..\\n0.\\n...4..\\n.1.\\n...1...\\n.0.\\n-.3..\\n.0..\\n.1.\\n.1\\n.0..\\n.1.\\n..0..\\n1\\n.10\\n0..\\n.0..\\n...0\\n.1.\\n...0..\\n...0..\\n.0..\\nArmourers 1\\nPrisoners 1 1 5\\nOfficers servants 10\\nOff duty 8 3 18 10 1 1 136\\nTotal 7 15 5. ...24 18 5 3 236\\n24 sergeants, 18 corporals, 5 drummers, 3 fifers. 236 rank and file 286 en-\\nrolled.\\nBy the information I have, I suppose our recruiting officers may have about 70\\nor 80 men more, who are not come in yet.\\nLachlan McIntosh, Colonel.\\nSavannah, in Georgia. April 28, 1776.\\nThe following is the Report of the Committee ordered to devise a Temporary\\nConstitution, and which teas sent to General Washington by Col. Lachlan\\nMcIntosh.\\nColony of Georgia\\nWhereas, the unwise and iniquitous system of administration ob-\\nstinately persisted in by the British Parliament and Ministry against\\nthe good people of America hath at length driven the latter to take\\nUp arms as their last resource for the preservation of their rights and\\nliberties which God and the Constitution gave them", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "REPORT OF COMMITTEE TO DEVISE TEMPORARY CONSTITUTION. 97\\nAnd whereas an armed force, with hostile intentions against the\\nf eople of this Province, having lately arrived at Cockspur, his Excel-\\nency Sir James Wright, Baronet, and King s Governor of Georgia, in\\naid of the views of the administration, and with a design to add to those\\ninconveniences which necessarily result from a state of confusion,\\nsuddenly and unexpectedly carried off the great seal of the Province\\nwith him\\nAnd whereas, in consequence of this and other events, doubts have\\narisen with the several magistrates how far they are authorized to\\nact under the former appointments, and the greatest part of them\\nhave absolutely refused to do so, whereby all judicial powers are be-\\ncome totally suspended, to the great danger of persons and property\\nAnd whereas, before any general system of government can be con-\\ncluded upon, it is necessary that application be made to the Conti-\\nnental Congress for their advice, and directions upon the same but,\\nnevertheless, in the present state of things, it is indispensably requi-\\nsite that some temporary expedient be fallen upon to curb the law-\\nless and protect the peaceable\\nThis Congress, therefore, as the representatives of the people, with\\nwhom all power originates, and for whose benefit all government is\\nintended, deeply impressed with a sense of duty to their constituents,\\nof love to their country, and inviolable attachment to the liberties of\\nAmerica and seeing how much it will tend to the advantage of each\\nto preserve rules, justice, and order, do take upon them for the pre-\\nsent, and until the further order of the Continental Congress, or of\\nthis, or any future Provisional Congress, to declare, and they accord-\\ningly do declare, order, and direct, that the following rules and regu-\\nlations be adopted in this Province that is to say\\n1st. There shall be a President and Commander-in-Chief appointed by ballot\\nin this Congress, for six months, or during the time specified above.\\n2d. There shall be, in like manner, and for the like time, also a Council of\\nSafety, consisting of 13 persons, besides the five delegates to the General Congress\\nappointed to act in the nature of a Privy Council to the said President or Com-\\nmander-in-Chief.\\n3d That the President, shall be invested with all the executive powers of\\ngovernment not inconsistent with what is hereafter mentioned, but shall be\\nbound to consult and follow the advice of the said Council in all cases whatso-\\never, and any seven of the said Committee shall be a quorum for the purpose of\\nadvising.\\n4th. That all the laws, whether common or statute, and the acts of Assembly\\nwhich have formerly been acknowledged to be of force in this Province, and\\nwhich do not interfere with the proceedings of the Continental or our Provincial\\nCongresses, and also all and singular the resolves and recommendations of the\\nsaid Continental and Provincial Congresses, shall be of full force, validity, and\\neffect until otherwise ordered.\\n5lh. That there shall be a Chief-Justice, and two assistant judges, an Attorney-\\nGeneral, a Provost-Marshal and Clerk of the Court of Sessions, appointed by\\nballot, to serve during the pleasure of the Congress. The Court of Sessions, or\\n7", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "98 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORCJIA.\\nOyer and Terminer, shall be opened and held on the second Tuesday in June\\nand December, and the former rules and methods of proceedings, as nearly as\\nmay be, shall be observed in regard to summoning of juries, and all other cases\\nwhatsoever.\\n6th. That the President or Commander-in-Chief, with the advice of the Coun-\\ncil as before mentioned, shall appoint magistrates to act during pleasure in\\nthe several parishes throughout this Province, and such magistrates shall con-\\nform themselves, as nearly as may be, to the old-established forms and methods\\nof proceedings.\\n7th. That all legislative powers shall be reserved to the Congress, and no per-\\nson who holds any place of profit, civil or military, shall be eligible as a mem-\\nber either of the Congress or Council of Safety.\\n8th. That the following sums shall be allowed as salaries to the respective\\nofficers for and during the time they shall serve, over and besides all such per-\\nquisites and fees as have been formerly annexed to tho said offices respectively:\\nTo the President and Commander-in-Chief, after the rate per an-\\nnum of. sterling. .\u00c2\u00a3300\\nTo the Chief-Justice 100\\nTo Attorney-General 25\\nTo Provost-Marshal 60\\nTo Clerk of Court 50\\nDISQUALIFYING ACT, PASSED JULY 6, 1780.\\nAn Act to disqualify and render incapable the several persons hereinafter\\nnamed, from holding or exercising any office of trust, honour, or profit in the\\nProvince of Georgia, for a certain time, and for other purposes therein\\nmentioned.\\nWhereas, a most audacious, wicked and unprovoked rebellion was\\nlately raised and carried on against his Majesty in the Province of\\nGeorgia, and several persons concerned therein, in a most violent,\\nhostile and unlawful manner, usurped the government thereof, and\\nerected themselves into a pretended independent State, where they\\nexercised many acts of violence and oppression, in contempt of his\\nMajesty and his laws, and to the great distress and injury of his loyal\\nsubjects\\nAnd whereas, the several persons hereinafter named were active and\\nconcerned rh the said unlawful proceedings, or some of them\\nWe therefore pray your most sacred Majesty that it may be\\nenacted, and be it enacted, by his Excellency Sir James Wright,\\nBaronet, Captain-General, Governor and Commander-in-Chief in and\\nover his Majesty s said Province of Georgia, by and with the advice\\nand consent of the Honourable the Council and Commons House of\\nAssembly of the said Province in General Assembly met, and by the\\nauthority of the same, That immediately from and after the passage\\nof this Act, and during the continuance thereof, the several persons\\nhereinafter named, that is to say, John Houstoun, late of this Pro-\\nvince, rebel Governor John Adam Treutlen, late of the same, rebel", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "DISQUALIFYING ACT. 99\\ngovernor Lachlan Mcintosh, late of the same, rebel General\\nGeorge Walton, late of the same, Member of the rebel Congress\\nWilliam Stephens, late of the same, rebel Attorney-General John\\nMcCltjre, late of the same, rebel Major Joseph Clay, late of the same,\\nrebel Paymaster-General; Noble Wymberley Jones, late of the same,\\nSpeaker of the rebel Assembly Mordecai Sheftall, late of the same,\\nChairman of the rebel Parochial Committee William O Bryan, late\\nof the same, rebel Treasurer John Wereat, late of the same, robe!\\nCounsellor; Edward Telfair, late of the same, Member of the rebel\\nCongress Edward Davies, late of the same, Member of the rebel\\nAssembly; Samuel Elbert, late of the same, a rebel General, c,\\nc, (as per list at the end and also all and every other person and\\npersons who at any time or times before the passing of this Act, hath\\nor have acted in the said Province of Georgia, as members of any\\ncouncil, assembly or committee, or as commissioner of trade, or of\\nforfeited estates, or who have held any commission or appointment\\nunder the said usurpation, either in a civil or military capacity, satis-\\nfactory proof (with respect to persons not particularly named) being\\nfirst made thereof before the chief justice, or one of the assistant jus-\\ntices, or before two justices of the peace of the said Province, (except\\nsuch persons as did, before the first day of November last past, submit\\nthemselves to his Majesty s government, and take the established\\noath,) are, and each and every of them is hereby disqualified, ren-\\ndered and made incapable to exercise, hold or enjoy any office or\\nplace of honour, trust or profit, under his Majesty, in this your Pro-\\nvince of Georgia, and of serving upon juries therein, in any case\\nwhatsoever, and of voting at elections for any representative or repre-\\nsentatives to sit in General Assembly in this Province, and of being\\nchosen to represent any parish or district of this Province in General\\nAssembly, any law, usage, statute, or custom to the contrary in any\\nwise notwithstanding provided always, nevertheless, and it shall and\\nmay be lawful to and for the governor or commander-in-chief of this\\nProvince, for the time being, at any time or times during the con-\\ntinuance of this Act, by and with the advice and consent of the\\nHonourable the Council of the said Province, to remove and take the\\ndisqualification and incapacity by this Act imposed, in the whole or\\nin part, from all and every the persons herein before named,, or any of\\nthem, and those hereinbefore described and intended, or any of them,\\nso soon as they, or any or either of them, shall signalize themselves in\\nfavour of the peace and welfare of his Majesty s said government in\\nthe Province of Georgia aforesaid, or otherwise discover themselves\\ndeserving such indulgence, to the satisfaction and good liking of the\\nsaid governor or commander-in-chief and Council for the time being\\nas aforesaid, and to restore them, or any or either of them, to all the\\nadvantages, privileges and immunities they respectively enjoyed before\\nthey engaged in the said rebellion.\\nAnd in order to prevent rebellion and traitorous attempts in time to\\ncome, and the other mischiefs arising from the possession or use of\\narms by lawless, wicked, and disaffected persons, who have submitted", "height": "3386", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "100 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nor may submit themselves to his Majesty s government, and inhabit-\\ning within this Province.\\nBe it further enacted, by the authority aforesaid, That as well all\\nand every person before named, and those before designed and in-\\ntended, as also all and every other person and persons who have since\\nthe first day of November last past, or who may hereafter, during the\\ncontinuance of this Act, separate themselves from his Majesty s sub-\\njects, who are or may be in arms or in rebellion against him in the\\nProvince aforesaid or elsewhere, and submit to the government of our\\nsaid lord the King, and comply with the other regulations directed by\\nthis Act, shall bring in and deliver up within ten days after being duly\\nsummoned, to one of the justices of the peace of the parish or district\\nwherein such person shall usually reside, all and singular his or their\\narms, swords, cutlasses, pistols, and other warlike implements and\\nweapons, for the use of his Majesty, his heirs and successors, to be\\nforwarded by every such justice to the governor or commander-in-\\nchief for the time being, or to such officer as he may think fit to\\nappoint to receive the same, to be disposed of in such manner as the\\nsaid commander shall see fit. And among such of his Majesty s\\nloyal subjects as are enrolled or may be enrolled in the militia in the\\nsaid Province, and incase any of the persons herein before named, and\\nthose designed and intended as aforesaid, or any or either of them,\\nshall neglect or refuse to bring in and deliver up their arms within the\\ntime limited as aforesaid, or shall afterwards have or bear any arms\\nor w 7 arlike weapons or implements in any part of said Province, every\\nsuch person shall forfeit and pay the sum of twenty-five pounds\\nsterling money of Great Britain, for the offence of not bringing\\nand delivering up their arms, weapons and implements as aforesaid,\\nand the sum of ten pounds, like money, for every time any such per-\\nson shall have or bear any warlike arms, implements or weapons\\nwhatsoever.\\nAnd to prevent the secreting and keeping back of any arms, swords,\\ncutlasses, pistols, or other warlike weapons or implements, or of\\npowder, ball, or ammunition Be it further enacted, That it shall and\\nmay be lawful for any justice of the peace of this Province, or of any\\nparish or district thereof, on information made on oath by any cred-\\nible person, or from his own knowledge, to issue his warrant under\\nhis hand and seal, directed to any constable of his district, requiring\\nhim to search for such concealed or retained arms, weapons, imple-\\nments, or ammunition and if any such articles be found, (the party\\nhaving no license or permission for the same, as hereinafter mentioned,)\\nto seize, sell, and dispose of forthwith, and after deducting the ex-\\npenses of the warrant, distress and sale, to divide the residue, one\\nhalf to the informer or informers, and the other half to the constable\\nor constables searching after and seizing the same and in case the\\nperson or persons who secreted or retained, or advised or concerned\\nhimself or themselves in securing or retaining such arms, weapons, im-\\nplements, or ammunition, can be discovered, the said justice is directed\\nto bind him, her or them, in a recognizance, with two sufficient securi-", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "DISQUALIFYING ACT. 101\\nties, to appear at the next Court of Sessions and in case he, she or\\nthey shall fail to give such security, fhen forthwith to commit him, her\\nor them to the common jail in Savannah, there to remain until he, she\\nor they shall find such security, or shall be otherwise discharged by\\na due course of law and every such person so offending, is and are\\nhereby subjected and made liable to be indicted for such offence as\\nfor a misdemeanour, and if convicted, to be sentenced by the said\\nCourt of Sessions at their discretion, and as may be lawful in cases\\nof misdemeanour. Provided, nevertheless, that it shall and may be\\nlawful to and for the Governor or Commander-in-Chief far the time\\nbeing, by and with the consent of his Majesty s Honourable Council,\\nat any time or times during the continuance of this Act, to grant\\nlicense and permission in writing to any person or persons aforesaid\\nto have, retain and keep in his and their, or any or either of their\\npossession, such arms, ammunition and other warlike weapons and im-\\nplements as such Governor and Commander-in-Chief may think\\nsufficient to guard and protect him and them, or any or either of them,\\nfrom injury, insult, and for defence against his and their and either of\\ntheir domestics, and against the. savages, any thing herein before con-\\ntained to the contrary notwithstanding.\\nAnd be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid,, That all and\\nevery the persons herein before named, and those designed and in-\\ntended as aforesaid, and all and every other person or persons who,\\nsince the first day of November, have separated themselves from his\\nMajesty s subjects, or shall hereafter separate themselves from his\\nMajesty s subjects who are in arms or rebellion against him, shall,\\nwithin days after his or their coming or arrival into any part of\\nthis Province, repair before some one of his Majesty s justices of the\\npeace within the same, and enter into a bond or recognizance to our\\nsovereign lord, the King, his heirs and successors, with two sufficient\\nsecurities, the principal in one hundred pounds, and the securities in\\nfifty pounds each, of sterling money of Great Britain, with condition\\nto be void if the principal shall, for twelve months thereafter, behave\\nand demean himself as a good and loyal subject, keep the peace, and\\nbe of good behaviour towards his Majesty and all his liege subjects,\\nand shall discountenance to the utmost of his ability all rebellion,\\nrebellious practices, and treasonable misdemeanours within this Pro-\\nvince, and take and subscribe, together with the State oaths, the oath\\nfollowing, viz.\\nI, A. B., do swear that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to his Majesty,\\nKing George the Third and I do solemnly and sincerely declare, that I do believe\\nin my conscience that he is lawful and rightful King of the Realm of Great\\nBritain, and of the dominions and colonies thereunto belonjjin?: that the British\\ncolonies in America of right ought to be subordinate to and dependent upon the\\ncrown of Great Britain, and the people called the General Continental Congress;\\nand all the bodies of men and individuals exercising jurisdiction under them, are\\nin rebellion against his Majesty, their lawful sovereign, and I do renounce and\\nrefuse obedience to them and every one of them, and will not hold or carry on", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "102 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nany correspondence by writing, message or otherwise, with any person or persons\\nat war with or in rebellion against hisfMajesty, without license and permission\\nlust obtained from one of his Majesty s Governors or Commanders by sea or land,\\nand that I will use my utmost endeavour to disclose and make known to his\\nMajesty and his successors, or to thorn in authority under him or them, all\\ntreasons and traitorous conspiracies which I shall know to be against the King or\\nany of his successors, and all invasions which I shall know or suspect to be\\nintended against this Province or any other of his Majesty s dominions: and I\\nwill faithfully, and to the utmost of my power, enforce, maintain and defend his\\nMajesty s Government and authority in and overall his dominions, and especially\\nin and over the British provinces and plantations in America and all this I do\\nswear voluntarily, heartily, truly and sincerely, without any equivocation, evasion\\nor secret reservation whatsoever, so help me God.\\nWhich bond or recognizance and oaths, the said justices respec-\\ntively are hereby directed to take and administer, and to give a certi-\\nficate thereof and in case any of the said persons shall neglect or\\nrefuse to appear and enter into such bond or recognizance, and take\\nand subscribe the said oaths, within the time and in manner above\\nlimited, then every such person neglecting or refusing shall be deemed\\na suspected person, and shall and may be immediately apprehended\\nby any justice of the peace in this Province, and committed to the\\nnearest common jail, there to remain without bail or mainprise for\\nthe space of three months, unless such person shall, in the mean time,\\nvoluntarily comply with the terms prescribed by this Act, or to serve\\nhis Majesty as a private soldier for and during the continuance of\\nthe present American rebellion and in case, after the expiration of\\nthe said three months imprisonment, any such person or persons shall\\ndecline or obstinately refuse to comply with the directions of this Act,\\nand enter into such bond or recognizance, and take and subscribe the\\nsaid oaths, then and in such case every such person shall be subject\\nand liable to be impressed and carried into his Majesty s sea-service,\\nand is and are hereby disqualified and rendered incapable of ever\\nhereafter becoming a resident or inhabitant within this Province.\\nThe following is a list of the persons mentioned in this Act\\n1. JOHN HOUSTOUN, rebel Governor.\\n2. JOHN ADAM TREUTLEN, rebel Governor.\\n3. LACHLAN McTNTOSH, rebel General.\\n4. GEORGE WALTON, Member of rebel Congress.\\n5. WILLIAM STEPHENS, rebel Attorney-General.\\n6. JOHN McCLURE, rebel Major.\\n7. JOSEPH CLAY, rebel Paymaster-General.\\n8. N. WYMBERLEY JONES, Speaker rebel Assembly.\\n9. MORDECAI SHEFTALL, Chairman rebel P. Com.\\n10. WM. O BRYAN, rebel Treasurer.\\n11. JOHN WEREAT, rebel Counsellor.\\n12. EDW D TELFAIR, Member of rebel Congress.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "PERSONS DISQUALIFIED. 103\\n1/13. EDW D DAVIES, Member of rebel Assembly.\\n14. SAM L ELBERT, a rebel General.\\n15. SETH JOHN CUTHBERT, a rebel Major.\\n16. WILLIAM HOLSENDORF, a rebel Counsellor.\\n17. RICH D HOWLEY, a rebel Governor.\\n18. GEORGE GALPHIN, rebel Sup. I. Affairs.\\n19. ANDREW WILLIAMSON, rebel General.\\n20. JOHN WHITE, rebel Colonel.\\n21. NEHEMIAH WADE, rebel Treasurer.\\n22. JOHN TWIGGS, rebel Colonel.\\n23. WM. FEW, rebel Counsellor.\\n24. EDW D LANGWORTHY, rebel Delegate.\\n25. WM. GLASSCOCK, rebel Counsellor.\\n26. ROB T WALTON, rebel Com. of Forfeited Estates.\\n27. JOSEPH WOOD, Jr., Clerk to the rebel Assembly.\\n28. PIGGIN, rebel Colonel.\\n29. WM. HORNBY, Distiller.\\n30. PEIRCE BUTLER, rebel Officer.\\n31. JOSEPH WOOD, Member of the rebel Congress.\\n32. REV. WM. PEIRCY, Clerk.\\n33. THOS. SAVAGE, Planter.\\n34. THOS. STONE, rebel Counsellor.\\n35. BEN J. ANDREW, President of the rebel Council.\\n36. JOHN BAKER, Sen r, rebel Colonel.\\n37. WM. BAKER, rebel Officer.\\n38. FRANCIS BROWN, Planter.\\n39. NATHAN BROWNSON, Member of rebel Congress.\\n40. JOHN HARDY, Captain of a rebel Galley.\\n41. THOS. MORRIS, rebel Officer.\\n42. SAM L MILLER, rebel Assembly.\\n43. THOS. MAXWELL, Planter.\\n44. JOSEPH WOODRUFF.\\n45. JOSEPH OSWALD, Planter.\\n46. JOSIAH POW^ELL, Planter.\\n47. SAM L SALTUS, a Committeeman.\\n48. JOHN SANDIFORD, Planter.\\n49. PETER TARLING, rebel Officer.\\n50. OLIVER BOWEN, rebel Commodore.\\n51. LYMAN HALL, Member of the rebel Congress.\\n52. ANDREW MOORE, Planter.\\n53. JOSHUA INMAN, Planter.\\n54. JOHN DOOLY, rebel Colonel.\\n55. JOHN GLEN, rebel C. Justice.\\n56. RICH D WYLEY, President of the rebel Council.\\n57. ADAM FOWLER BRISBANE, rebel Counsellor.\\n58. SHEM BUTLER, rebel Assemblyman.\\n59. JOSEPH HABERSHAM, rebel Colonel.\\n60. JOHN STIRK, rebel Colonel.\\n61. RAYMOND DEMERE, rebel Clo. General.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "104 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\n62. CHAS. ODINGSELL, rebel Captain.\\n63. WM. PEACOCK, rebel Counsellor.\\n64. JOHN BRADLEY, Captain rebel Galley.\\n65. JOSEPH REYNOLDS, Bricklayer.\\n66. RUDOLPH STROHAKER, Butcher.\\n67. CHARLES COPE, Butcher.\\n68. LEWIS COPE, rebel Butcher.\\n69. HEP WORTH CARTER, rebel Captain.\\n70. STEPHEN JOHNSTON, Butcher.\\n71. JOHN McINTOSH, Jr., rebel Colonel.\\n72. JAMES HOUSTOUN, Surgeon.\\n73. JAMES HABERSHAM, Merchant.\\n74. JOHN HABERSHAM, rebel Mayor.\\n75. JOHN MILLEDGE, Jr., rebel Assemblyman\\n76. LEVI SHEFTALL, Butcher.\\n77. PHILIP JACOB COHEN, Shopkeeper.\\n78. JOHN SUTCLIFFE, Shopkeeper.\\n79. JONATHAN BRYAN, rebel Counsellor.\\n80. JOHN SPENCE.R, rebel Officer.\\n81. JOHN HOLMES, Clerk.\\n82. WM. GIBBONS, the elder, rebel Counsellor.\\n83. SHEFTALL SHEFTALL, rebel Officer.\\n84. PHILIP MINIS, Shopkeeper.\\n85. COSHMAN POLOCK, Shopkeeper.\\n86. ROBT. HAMILTON, Attorney at Law.\\n87. BEN J. LLOYD, rebel Officer.\\n88. JAMES ALEXANDER, rebel Officer.\\n89. JOHN JENKINS, rebel Assemblyman.\\n90. SAM. STIRK, rebel Secretary.\\n91. PHILIP DENSLER, Yeoman.\\n92. HENRY CUYLER, rebel Officer.\\n93. JOS. GIBBONS, rebel Assemblyman.\\n94. EBENEZER SMITH PLATT, Shopkeeper.\\n95. MATTHEW GRIFFIN, Planter.\\n96. PETER DEVEAUX, Gent n.\\n97. BEN. ODINGSELL, rebel Officer.\\n98. JOHN GIBBONS, V. Master.\\n99. JOHN SMITH, Planter.\\n100. WM. LE CONTE, rebel Counsellor.\\n101. CHARLES FR. CHEVALIER, rebel Counsellor.\\n102. PETER CHAMBERS, Shopkeeper.\\n103. THOS. WASHINGTON, rebel Officer.\\n104. ELTSHA MAXWELL, Planter.\\n105. THOS. MAXWELL, Jr., rebel Mayor.\\n106. WM. GIBBONS, the younger, Planter.\\n107. WM. DAVIS, rebel Officer.\\n108. JOHN GRAVES, Yeoman.\\n109. CHARLES KENT, rebel Counsellor.\\n110. JOHN BACON, Mariner.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "PERSONS DISQUALIFIED. 105\\n111. NATHANIEL SAXTON, Tavernkeeper.\\n112. PHILIP LOWE, rebel Officer.\\n113. SAM UEL SPENCER, Mariner\\n114. JOHN^WlNN, Sen r, PlanterT\\n115. DEVEAUX JARRAT, rebel Assemblyman\\n116. SAMUEL WEST, Gentleman.\\n117. JOSIAH DUPONT, Planter.\\n118. JAMES PUGH, Planter.\\n119. FREDERIC PUGH, Planter.\\n120. JAMES RAE, Planter.\\n121. JAMES MARTIN, Planter.\\n122. JOHN MARTIN, rebel Sheriff.\\n123. THOS. PACE, rebel Officer.\\n124. BENJ. FELL, rebel Officer.\\n125. DIONYSIUS WRIGHT, Planter.\\n126. CHESLEY BOSTICK, Shopkeeper.\\n127. LITTLEBERRY BOSTICK, Planter.\\n128. LEONARD MARBURY, rebel Officer.\\n129. JOHN SHARP, Planter.\\n130. JAMES HARRIS, Planter.\\n131. HENRY JONES, rebel Colonel.\\n132. HUGH McGEE, rebel Captain.\\n133. JOHN WILSON, Gentleman.\\n134. GEORGE WYCHE, rebel Officer.\\n135. WM. CANDLER, rebel Officer.\\n136. ZECHARIAH TENN, Planter.\\n137. WM. McINTOSH, rebel Colonel.\\n138. DAVID BRADIE, Surgeon.\\n139. ANDREW McLEAN, Merchant.\\n140. SIR PATRICK HOUSTOUN, Baronet.\\n141. McCARTIN CAMPBELL, Merchant.\\n142. JAMES GORDON, Planter.\\n143. JOHN KELL, Gentleman.\\n144. JOHN McLEAN, Planter.\\n145. JOHN SNIDER, Planter.\\n146. JOHN ELLIOTT, rebel Officer.\\n147. THOS. ELLIOTT, rebel Officer.\\n148. RIGHT) SWINNEY, Yeoman.\\n149. HUGH MIDDLETON, rebel Officer.\\n150. JOB PRAY, Mariner.\\n151. JOSIAH McLEAN, Planter.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "106 CAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA..\\nObservations ects of Certain Late Political Suggestions.\\nBytheDelegi rgid. Philadelphia: Printed by R. Aitken, Book-\\nseller, in Marl eet, three doors above the Coffee-House.\\nWhen the compiler visited Savannah, in 1852, he received from I.\\nK. Tefft, Esq., the courteous and esteemed Corresponding Secretary\\nof the Georgia Historical Society, permission to consult its valuable\\ncollections. Here he found the reprint of a pamphlet as above en-\\ntitled, for which the Society is indebted to the liberality of Mr. George\\nWymberley Jones, a young gentleman whose praiseworthy efforts\\nto rescue from oblivion many important facts connected with the early\\nhistory of Georgia, entitle him to the gratitude of her citizens. A\\nvery limited number of copies of this pamphlet were published, and we\\nfeel much pleasure in laying it before our readers. It will be seen\\nthat it was seriously contemplated at one time to leave South Carolina\\nand Georgia under the dominion of Great Britain.\\nFrom the most recent accounts that have been received from\\nEurope, there is the greatest reason to expect that a new commission\\nwill issue from the Court of London, for the purpose of again sound-\\ning the temper of America upon the subject of a pacification, in\\nwhich the State of Georgia, and perhaps that of South Carolina, will\\nnot be regarded as part of the American Union, but excluded as hav-\\ning been again colonized to England by new conquest.\\nThe uti possidetis also has been much talked of in Europe as a probable\\nbasis for the peace and this report, although rejected with marks of\\nabhorrence by all descriptions of men in America, circulates with ter-\\nrors, as it is pretended to be drawn from the armed neutrality.\\nThe people who would be particularly affected by the operation of\\nsuch principles ought to fear every thing, although justice, humanity,\\nand the in-terests of America and her friends forbid them to dread any\\nthing. They united in the one cause, and have sacrificed their blood\\nand fortunes in its support, and therefore it would be unjust and in-\\nhuman for the other parts of the Union separately to embrace the\\nresults of the common efforts, and leave them under the yoke of a\\nbankrupt and enraged tyrant.\\nTo preserve the States entire is the object of the alliance with\\nFrance, and it cannot be the interest of the other great branch of the\\nfamily compact that we should again be made a part of the British\\nEmpire. We will not, however, enter into any further discussion\\nof this subject than will be sufficient to show the importance of the\\nquestion as it respects our own State, leaving to others to speak of\\ntheir interests.\\nIn point of Commerce, no part of North America has given such\\npresages of importance as the Colony and State of Georgia. From\\nthe conclusion of the last war, when it could scarcely be called a\\nProvince of England, to the commencement of the present, the rapid\\nincrease of its exports is scarcely to be equalled in any part of the\\nworld, as appears by Brown s Aggregate and other public documents.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "OBSERVATIONS OF GEORGIA DELEGATES. 107\\nThe principal articles of exportation before the war were rice,\\nindigo and skins to Europe, and lumber, horses and provisions to\\nthe West Indies.\\nTobacco has been cultivated with the most astonishing success by\\nmen who have emigrated from Virginia. Upon trial, it has been\\nfound that both the climate and soil are better adapted to the cultiva-\\ntion of this plant than those of Virginia the vegetation being more\\nrapid and the season longer, the planter is enabled to produce two\\ngood crops in the year; whereas only one can be obtained in Vir-\\nginia and Maryland. The face of the country is less broken, and\\ntherefore the soil is richer, although of the same species nor is the\\nquality otherwise than superior. About the beginning of this war,\\nMr. Hammond made several hogsheads from a field at the Walnut\\nHills, near Augusta, which being sent to London, sold for a farthing\\nper pound more than the best from Virginia and Maryland, although\\nhe had not all the conveniences (it being the first attempt) necessary\\nfor the well curing of the plant. It is a fact that had the State re\\nmained uninterrupted by the enemy s army, two-thirds of the planters,\\nin the year 1779, would have turned their attention almost wholly\\nupon tobacco, it being in more demand than rice or indigo.\\nUpon several other trials, also, it has been found that hemp and\\ncotton grow in the greatest luxuriance, and may be cultivated to\\nmuch advantage, and the interior of the country abounds in iron ore.\\nAdvantages such as these apply of themselves but when we con-\\nsider the amazing variety and extensive usefulness of the productions\\nof this State, the parties in this war against England must see in a\\nstill stronger point of view the necessity of keeping it out of her hands.\\nThis is not all. An object of still greater importance must be re-\\nmembered. The coast of Georgia is approached by a gradual ascent\\nfrom the Gulf of Florida, which runs nearly parallel with it, and\\nher bars and inlets are superior to any on the southern part of the\\ncontinent. She has, besides, the best timbers in the world for build-\\ning ships of war her islands and sea-board abound in live oak trees,\\nthe wood of which is the finest and most resisting against assaults,\\nand the least prone to decay of any which has yet been discovered.\\nSome time before this contest the British merchants to Georgia\\nwere encouraged by government to build large merchant vessels of\\nthis timber, with a view to convert them into frigates in case of a war\\nwhich was then near taking place with France. The scheme, how-\\never, was not pursued far, on account of the dispute with America.\\nCongress, too, since the war, has been so sensible of the utility of\\ngetting ships of this wood, that in the latter end of the year 1776\\nthey directed the Marine Committee to send persons to Georgia to\\ncut timbers for a -seventy-four gun-ship and four frigates.\\nMoulds were made in Philadelphia, and Mr. Donaldson was em-\\nployed and went and cut the timbers, and planned a Continental yard\\nupon Sutherland s Bluff, alongside of which a seventy-four gun-ship,\\nit is said, can ride with perfect safety, and near which place the tim-\\nbers now lie.\\nThis gentleman, upon his return to Philadelphia. \u00c2\u00abwvy*oH to the", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "108 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nmarine office that the best of timbers of every kind for building- any\\nnumber and sizes of ships might be had in Georgia. However,\\nthis plan of augmenting the American marine could not be prose-\\ncuted, the enemy having got possession of the coast in the latter\\npart of the year 1778.\\nAn extract from an official letter to the Marine Committee, now\\nin the Admiralty Office at Philadelphia, from Mr. Wereat, the agent\\nof Congress in that State, and who had resided upon different parts\\nof the sea-board upwards of twenty years, will give some idea of\\nthe importance of this object.\\nHe says The oak timber in this State is exceeding good and plenty; it is to\\nbe found for large ships in the greatest quantities upon the Sea Islands. The\\nlargest I have observed is on the island of Blackbeard, which is not far from the\\nmiddle of our coast.\\nSapelo Inlet is the best water of any on this part of the Continent from the\\nbest information, there are about five fathoms at high water, and a fine bold channel\\nfrom thence up to Sutherland s Bluff on the main-land, distant about twelve miles,\\non and near which place there is good timber. There is likewise to be got near\\nthis spot fine pine timber for plank, which may be cut from thirty to fifty feet\\nlong, ami upwards.\\nThere is another place about forty miles to the southward of the former, very\\nproper for the same purpose, called Brunswick, which has a communication\\nby St. Simon s Inlet, at the south end of the island of that name. It has a good\\nbar, and a forty-gun ship has been in there at the first settlement of the country\\nby General Oglethorpe. If I recollect right, there are twenty-five feet upon the\\nbar at high water, and a good channel. There are some other considerations\\nwhich may be worthy the notice of your Board, which are the inexhaustible re-\\nsources we have for naval stores, and our fine winters, in which season, snow is\\nnot seen once in several years, and near the sea-side not much frost. The above\\ncircumstances taken together, in my opinion, make this State the most proper for\\nbuilding ships of war of any of the thirteen.\\nBesides the capacious inlets mentioned in the foregoing letter, and\\nupon which the most commodious yards and docks might be erected,\\nthose to Savannah, Ogeechee, and Sunbury are well known for\\ntheir safety and convenience, to which may be added those of New-\\nport, Little St. Ilia, Great St. Ilia, Turtle River, and St. Mary s, each\\nof corresponding utility to the State, bat which, from its infancy,\\nhave not yet been much used, all, however, capable of being made\\nuseful ports for trade, and which will, most certainly, be the case, as\\nthe country back of them becomes settled.\\nFrom all these considerations it inevitably follows that the State of\\nGeorgia is a material part of the Union, and cannot be given up with-\\nout affecting its essential interests, if not endangering its existence.\\nIt seems to be almost universally acknowledged that it is not only the\\ninterest of France and Spain, but of all Europe, Great Britain only\\nexcepted, that the bulk of North America should constitute an Inde-\\npendent Power. Upon this ground, therefore, and notwithstanding\\nlittle mutinies which have happened in all States in the same circum-", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "OBSERVATIONS OF GEORGIA DELEGATES. 109\\nstances, we presume, unquestionably, that there will remain a free\\nconfederacy of republics, maugre all the redoubled efforts of the enemy.\\nBut we will venture to pronounce, that should both the Carolinas, or\\nthe farther one and Georgia, be left in the power of England, at the\\nconclusion of a peace she will desire to repeat her haughty preten-\\nsions to a superior commerce, and the dominion of the ocean.\\nShe would be able to refit and rebuild her ships by the timber in\\nthese States to extend her settlements, in a short time, back to the\\nMississippi by emigrants from Great Britain and Ireland, the refugees,\\nand all the tories of America, whom she would surely invite thither,\\nand by such means secure the commerce.\\nThe Southern Colonies, by the treaty of Paris, were bounded by the\\nriver Mississippi, but that treaty being now done away by reciprocal\\nhostilities, if any of these States should be recovered and kept bv the\\nenemy, no doubt the ancient pretensions to the South Sea will be\\nrevived. Be this as it may, there is sufficient scope within the lines\\nof Georgia, east of the Mississippi, for the most enterprising posses-\\nsor. The main branch of Savannah River, by which it is bounded\\nnorth, running a north-west course to its source, widens the country\\nexceedingly, and presents an unappropriated tract of about five hun-\\ndred miles in length and two hundred and fifty in breadth of land,\\nthe most to be preferred of any in North America, on account of the\\ntemperature of the climate, the fertility of the soil, and facilities of\\nthe most extensive navigation.\\nAnd here it should be recollected that there are several valuable\\nrivers which have their source in the interior parts of Georgia, and\\nwhich running southerly through the narrow parts of West Florida,\\nempty themselves into the Bay of Mexico the lands upon which\\nbeing intermediate between the bay and the Atlantic, are most invit-\\ningly fertile and should England have possession of this State, can\\nthere be a doubt but her subjects would presently settle upon these\\nlands, and claim the navigation into and through the Bav The genius\\nand character of the people answer the question.\\nWould not then Spanish settlements be liable to encroachments,\\nand the whole kingdom consequently exposed to a new war But\\nfurther with respect to Spain. Should England have it in her power\\nto keep a fleet in the harbours of South Carolina and Georgia, with\\nthe resulting advantages of having always fresh supplies of men and\\nprovisions, would not the Spanish trade to and from South America\\nbe greatly exposed\\nAt the same time that the strength of the nation is admitted, the\\nlength of these voyages should be considered, as well as the interme-\\ndiate position of the country about which we are speaking. Should\\nEngland, therefore, by these means, be able to control the trade of\\nSpain, is it not probable that, having lost ground among the hardy\\nsons of the North, she would ere long conceive the project of augment-\\ning her dominions in the South\\nOn the contrary, however, should the freedom of these States be pre-\\nserved and be in amity with Spain, the greatest safety will not only\\nresult to her trade, but particular advantages arise from their situation", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "110 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nand produce, such as friendly ports in distress, and supplies of fresh\\nprovisions.\\nWith regard to France, there is so fixed a confidence in its Great\\nMonarch, who has honoured us with his alliance, and whose court is\\nso illustrious for wisdom and policy, that we have a perfect reliance\\nupon his persevering in the war until the freedom and independence\\nof all the States of the Union to which he is allied shall be estab-\\nlished. From that period she will begin to experience the rewards of\\nher generous services to America. Her commerce in general will be\\nincreased, and her islands easily supplied, and most extensively and\\nconveniently, from the two Southern States. In that of Georgia alone\\nsufficient lumber might be had to rebuild all the towns of the West\\nIndies, and pitch and tar enough for the fleets of the world.\\nWe will not believe that she will ever consent that such great re-\\nsources should remain in the power of her unceasing enemy. But\\nGreat Britain says that she has already got possession so she had of\\nBoston, Rhode Island, Philadelphia, c.\\nWe conclude these remarks by repeating as our opinion what has\\nbeen said all over Europe and America, that the two Southern States\\nbeing the feeble part of the Continent in point of numbers and com-\\npactness of settlement, can only be recovered by a naval superiority\\nto which object, therefore, we could wish to fix the attention of all\\nthose whom it concerns.\\nDone at Philadelphia, the 8th day of January, 1781, and in the fifth\\nyear of our independence.\\nGeo. Walton.\\nW. Few.\\nR. Howlev.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "NAMES OF OFFICERS AND SOLDIERS WHO APPLIED FOR LAND. 1 1 1\\nNAMES OF SUCH OFFICERS AND SOLDIERS WHO MADE\\nAPPLICATION FOR LAND.\\nThe following is a list of the names of such officers and soldiers\\nonly who made application to the Governor and Council of the State\\nof Georgia, in pursuance of the second section of an act of the As-\\nsembly, passed on the 17th day of February, 1783, entitled, An Act\\nfor opening the Land Office, and for other purposes therein mentioned,\\nfor procuring a certificate in pursuance of the section above referred\\nto, and a resolution of Congress, of the 16th of September, 1776, of\\nthe bounty of land due them respectively for their services during the\\nlast war with Great Britain, in what was called the Georgia Conti-\\nnental Establishment.\\nAnderson. Charles, Soldier.\\nAndrews, George,\\nAndrew, Francis, u\\nAllen, Moses.\\nAilison, Henry, Capt.\\nBanks, Reuben, Soldier.\\nBarber, Chester,\\nBell, Hugh,\\nBe nn is, John, Capt.\\nBerrien, John. Major.\\nBerry, John, Soldier.\\nBerry, Wm.,\\nBishop, Wm\\nBlount, Jacob, Capt.\\nBooker, Gideon,\\nBraddock. John,\\nBiaddock, David, Soldier.\\nBradley, Abram,\\nBradley, Richard,\\nBerk, James,\\nBurnett, John,\\nBurton, Richard,\\nButry. Z.,\\nBrown, Francis,\\nBrown, John, il\\nBrownson, Nathan, Hosp. Surg.\\nBaxter, Wm.\\nBradley, M.\\nBrown, Jacob.\\nBarker, C.\\nBresard, C.\\nChilders, Thomas.\\nConnelly, James.\\nConway, Thomas.\\nCorbin, Wm.\\nCrocker, Wm.\\nChisolm. John.\\nCollins, Stephen.\\nCampbell, John.\\nCollins, John.\\nCamp, Samuel.\\nChilders, David.\\nCollins, John.\\nChilders. D.\\nCuthbert, A.\\nCorven, Edward, Lieut.\\nCollins, C.\\nConnolly. W. J.\\nCorney, M.\\nDean, Wm.\\nDavenport, Stephen.\\nDavis, Meredith.\\nDavidson, Wm.\\nDempier. Sergeant.\\nDavenport, Thomas.\\nDollar. John.\\nDucin, John, Capt.\\nDevereaux, Peter.\\nDay, Joseph, Capt.\\nDavis. C, Sergeant.\\nDay, Robert, Soldier.\\nDebosk, Peter, Capt.\\nDe Laplaign, Emanuel P., Capt.\\nDeveaux, Peter, Aidto Gen. Gates.\\nDooly, George, 2nd Lieut.\\nDooly, John, Capt.\\nDooly, Thomas,\\nDowman, R.,\\nDucoin, John,\\nEvans, John.\\nEacholls, E.\\nEvans, N.\\nEllis, Robert.\\nEvans, B.\\nEimbeck, Geo., Barrack Master.\\nEustice, J.\\nElliott, Daniel, Soldier.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "112\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nElbert, Samuel, Brig.-Ge.ri.\\nFrazer, John.\\nFredeoner, C.\\nGlascock. Thomas.\\nGravat, 0.\\nGibbs, Wm.\\nHarsaw, Thomas.\\nHarris, G. L.\\nHillary, C.\\nHayes, Arthur, Lieut.\\nHicks, J., Capt.\\nHughs, N., Lieut.\\nHoustoun, James, Doctor.\\nHendley, George, Capt.\\nHancock, George,\\nHabersham, John, Major.\\nJohnston, Wm.\\nJordan, Wm.\\nKin jr. John, Soldier.\\nKniel, Patrick,\\nLancaster, Rowland, Soldier.\\nLancaster, Wm.,\\nLane, James,\\nLane, Joseph, Major.\\nLanktord, Josiah, Soldier.\\nLankford, Moses,\\nLazarus, N.,\\nLester, Tho.\\nLow, P., Major.\\nLucas, J., Capt.\\nLinson, J.\\nLintch, J.\\nLynn, C\\nLynn, J.\\nLambuck, Wm.\\nMcVickers, D.\\nMabry, Ralph.\\nMcHancy, Terry.\\nMitchell, Wm.\\nMcBride, Edward.\\nMase, Joseph.\\nMastein, Wm.\\nMcintosh, L., Brig.-Gen.\\nMcCall, Richard.\\nMoore, Francis.\\nMcintosh, John, Col.\\nMarbury, L.. Col.\\nMatthews, Geo., Brig.-Gen.\\nMoseley, Robert.\\nMcintosh, L.\\nMeanly, J.\\nMorrison, J., Capt.\\nMoseley, L.\\n-Matthews, Wm., Capt.\\nMcDowell, James.\\nMcintosh, Wm.\\nMil ion, J.\\nMelvin, Geo.\\nMillar, E.\\nMitchell, J.\\nMaxwell, Josiah.\\nMcGilton, Vance.\\nMcGilton, James.\\nNewdigate, John, Capt.\\nNash, Clement,\\nNugard, Michael.\\nNewnan. John.\\nNix, George.\\nNug.tn, M.\\nOakman, W., Fife Major.\\nO Bryan, James, Soldier.\\nOrnsby, Daniel, Fife Major.\\nPounds, R.\\nPamell, Joseph, Lieut.- Col.\\nParham, Richard, Soldier.\\nPaxton, Wm.\\nPayne, Thos., Lieut.\\nPearrie, N.\\nPetillo, John, Soldier.\\nPhiney, L.\\nPorter, B., Major.\\nPorter. R., Lieut.\\nPorter, T.,\\nPowell, J.,\\nPray, Job, Capt.\\nPlaigue, D. E. L., Capt.\\nReyfield, J.\\nPae, Robert, Col.\\nReynolds, A.\\nRobinson, A.\\nRead, Wm., Doctor.\\nStiff, Wm.\\nSessums, Wm.\\nSampson, Samuel.\\nSaulberry, Thos.\\nSutton, R.\\nScreven, James, Gen.\\nSmith. R.\\nSick, F.\\nScott, Wm.\\nSheftall, M.\\nSheftall, S.\\nSharp, B. J.\\nShields, Andrew.\\nStud man, James.\\nTennell, S.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "NAMES OF OFFICERS AND SOLDIERS WHO APPLIED FOR LAND.\\n113\\nThomas. B,\\nThreadgill, T.\\nTempleton. A., Capt.\\nThreadgill, Wm.\\nTucker,^ P.\\nTurner, C.\\nTurner, G.\\nTwidall, J.\\nTurner. B.\\nTennill. T., Capt.\\nTurner. D.\\nVickers, Solomon,\\nWalton. Nathaniel. Lieut.\\nWebb, John.\\nWebster, B.\\nWilliams, C.\\nWhite, John.\\nWells, M.\\nWillaby, W.\\nWhitmore, J.\\nWebster, Thos.\\nWash, Wm.\\nWinfrey, J., Cant.\\nWarden. J.\\nWagnon, P. J.\\nWalton. Jesse.\\nWhite. John. Col.\\nWash. Patrick, Major.\\nWood, J.\\nWilliamson. L.\\nWright, S., Capt.\\nWood. James.\\nWasl^ E.\\nWaunon, T.\\nWalton, George.*\\nNames of the Officers vrfto were in the Continental Line of the Georgia\\nBrigade during the Revolutionary War, including Infantry, Dragoons,\\nLegionary Corps, and General Staff.\\nBrigade Generals. Lachlan Mcintosh, Samuel Elbert.\\nColonels. James Screven, John White, Robert Rae.\\nLieut. -Colonels. Joseph Habersham, Joseph Lane, Thomas Chisholm, Fran-\\ncis Moore. Philip Lowe, George Handley, Benjamin Porter John S. Eustace,\\nAdjutant-General; Lachlan Mcintosh, Junior Brigade Inspector; John Berrien,\\nBrigade Major; John Milton. A. D. C; George Melven. B. Q. M.\\nCaptains. John Bennis, Gideon Booker, Chestley Bostwick, Celerine Brosard,\\nJohn Bard, Charles Eudd, Isharri^Qopk, Arthur Carney, Rani Jacob Col-\\nson, John Cunningham, Alexander D. Cuthbert, Joseph Day, Daniel Duval, Peter\\nDebosh, John Dooly, Thomas Dooly Ignatius Few, John Greene, John Han-\\ncock, William Hornby, Jaret, Evans Lewis, John Lucas, William Matthews,\\nWilliam Mcintosh. Thomas Morris, Elisha Millar, John Moscly, Charles Middle-\\nton, Littlebeny Mosely, Clement Nash, Patrick Fitzpatrick. James Powell,\\nThomas Scott. Andrew Templeton, Thomas Threadgill, Jesse Winfrey, Shadrach\\nWright,\\nLieutenants. Francis Arthur, Thomas Brown, James Bryan, John Caldwell,\\nCornelius Collins, Edward Cowen, Walter Dixon, George Dooly, Thomas Glas-\\ncock, Caleb Howell. Arthur Hayes, Christopher Hillery, Robert Howe, Nathaniel\\nHughes, Wi Ham Johnson, William Jordan, William Lowne, Josiah Maxwell,\\nJohn Manley. John Mitchell, Thomas Mitchell, John Martin, William McDon-\\nald, Thomas Netherland, John Newdigate, Benjamin Odin-sell, Thomas Payne,\\nI Nathaniel Pierre. Robert, Porter, Thomas Porter, William Roach, John Rae,\\nAbraham Seixas, Robert Simpson, E. Shick, David Sarzedas, Randolph Smith,\\nThis List is taken from a book in the Executive Office at Milledgcville, prepared by\\nthe late Major B Fannin.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "114 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF. GEORGIA.\\nSteadman, Francis Tennell, David Turner, J. P. Wagnon, George Walton,\\nJesse Walton, Robert Ward.\\nGeneral Staff.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Richard Wyley, Q. M. G. Joseph Clay, P. M. G. Mor-\\ndecai Sheftall, C. G. Sheftall Sheftall, D. C. G. David Rees, Judge Advocate;\\nMoses Allen, Chaplain.\\nHospital Department. Surgeons, David Bradie, McKinne.\\nSurgeons Mates.-r-Adam Alexander, Nathan Brownson, James Houstoun,\\nThomas Davenport, Frederick Ridgley, Wood.\\nLegionary Corps. James Jackson, Colonel; Thomas Washington, Major.\\nCaptains. Henry Alison, Sherwood Bugg, John Morrison, James Stallings,\\nJohn Lyons.\\nLieutenants. Thomas Hamilton, Ezekiel Stallings, Benjamin Hawkins, Stephen\\nBlount, Benjamin Harvey, Nicholas Millar.\\nArtillery. Major, Roman de Lisle.\\nCaptains. Edward Young, John Fraser.\\nColonels. Samuel Jack, John Stewart.\\nLieut.- Colonel. Elijah Clark.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "NAMES OF OFFICERS AND SOLDIERS WHO WENT TO MEXICO. 115\\nNames of the Officers and Privates of the Georgia Regiment of Volun-\\nteers who went to Mexico.\\nHenry R. Jackson, Savannah, Colonel. Charles J. Williams, Columbus, Major.\\nThomas Y. Redd, Columbus, Lieut.-Col. John Forsyth, Columbus, Adjutant.\\nGEORGIA LIGHT INFANTRY COLUMBUS.\\nJ. S. Calhoun, Captain.\\nE. R. Goulding, 1st Lieutenant.\\nH. C. Anderson, 2d\\nW. B. Phillips, 1st .Sergeant.\\nAsa B. Hoxie, 2d\\nW. T. Smith, 3d\\nM. H. Blandford, 4th Sergeant.\\nR. R. Howard, 1st Corporal.\\nA. Scott, 2d\\nTn. Reynolds, 3d\\nGeo. Lindsay, 4th\\nPrivates.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 E. C. Allen, Lucius A. G. Allen, James Arledge, Charles J. Barrow,\\nLeonidas T. Belk, William Blankenship, George W. Bronson, Zachariah Boothe,\\nAmor Boyd, Frederic E. Brooking, Jesse S. Bryan, Calvin Bryant. Young G.\\nBurke, Lewis Chandler, Cicero J. Clarke, David S. Cooper, Joseph Crepps, James\\nT. Cunningham, John R. Gushing. Ster^heo-Daftiels, Richard Delanay, Absalom\\nM. Dennis, Nathan B. Duke, James F. H. Ellington, John H. Ellis, William\\nForsyth, Bryant Farmer, William Farmer, Peter F. Farrar, Michael Fitzpatrick,\\nThomas R. Flournoy, Richard Fox, Albert L. Garrard, Thomas Gilbert, Obadiah\\nB. R. Graham, Jackson M. Greenhow, Sidney Grigg, James R. Hanson, Upton\\nS. Heath, William M. James, John G. Jones, James E. Johnson, William Keiley.\\nJoseph Keiley, James Kellogg, John Law, Robert D. Lee, James Love, Alexan-\\nder Lowther/John R. Moore,,, William Myrick, Duncan H. Nix, Henry C. Over-\\nton, Henry S. Orr, Andrew 1 Pickens, William V. Porter, Lincoln Preble, John\\nW. Park, Jesse B. Reeves, Granville L. Robinett, Joseph T. Robinson, James T.\\nRogers, William M. Rogers, Lucius C. Saunders, Samuel Sledge, Samuel B.\\nSpencer, Lindsay Showse, Thomas B.Teate, J. Thaddeus Thompson, Micajah W.\\nThweatt, William H- Trawick, James S. Wells, Francis M. Whithurst, Charles\\nR. Wiggins, William Wilton, Thomas R. Wilson, Gilbert J. Wright, Lawrence\\nA. Wright. Musicians. William McCullough, James M. Stonaker. 91.\\nCOLUMBUS GUARDS.\\nJno. E. Davies, Captain.\\nJno. Forsyth, 1st Lieutenant.\\nC. P. Hervey, 2d\\nR. Ellis, 1st Sergeant.\\nJ. King, 2d\\nW. C. Holt, 3d\\nW. C. Hodges, 4th Sergeant.\\nW. G. Andrews, 1st Corporal.\\nV. D. Thorpe, 2d\\nJas. Hamilton, 3d\\nR. A. McGibony, 4th\\nPrivates.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Francis J. Abbot, Enoch H. Adams, William Boland, Elijah N. Bo-\\nland, John C. Blackman, James M. Bugg, Robert Boseman, John B. Buffington,\\nMichael Claffy, James Curley, William E. Cropp, Freeman W. Clem, James E.\\nCammack, Wesley G. Cox, Robert W. Coleman, William W. Crenshaw, John", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "116 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nF. Daniel, Francis W. Davidson, Ethelridge A. Dye, John B. Elam, John G.\\nEubanks, Charles S. Fontaine, Daniel Finnegan. Solomon Gowan, Benjamin F.\\nGraves, William B. Gilliam, William H. Hallman. Lafayette M. Harwell, Absa-\\nlom Hollingsvvorth, John E. Hagan, George A. Huckaby, James B. Hickey, Wil-\\nliam W. Huff. Calvin A. Hearne, John R. Ivey, M. Johnson, Marks Kanz, Wil-\\nliam Kayler, Bailey B. Light, Malcolm F. McNeil, William P. McGehee, H. L.\\nMcGehee, Patrick McDonald, Phillips Mooney, William W. McCall. William H.\\nMitchell, Marion Mallsby, Alfred Mays, Thomas Mulligan, William P. Martin\\nGeorge Pervis, Gustavua A. Parker, P. D. Roberts, Snovvden Roberts. Thomas Y.\\nRedd, Erastus Roland, William F. Ruff, Hugh Reese, Lewis Ri.v, Cyrus Robert-\\nson, John T. Sledge, Asberry Seats, Edward R. Sloat, William Sells, Joseph\\nShippey, Charles Smith, Nathaniel S. Turner, William Woods, Augustus Woods,\\nJohn Wood, Randal II. Wood, R. W. J. Wright, John B. Weems, Osbom J.\\nWells. Musicians. Martin Hettrick, Francis Gerbode.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 87.\\nRICHMOND BLUES AUGUSTA.\\nJ. F. Glover, 4th Sergeant.\\nS. Johnson, 1st Corporal.\\nH. Baker, 2d\\nA. Phillips, 3d\\nG. Gordon, 4th\\nD. W. Dill. Captain.\\nJ. Phinizy, 1st Lieutenant.\\nA. H. McLawes, 2d\\nW. Phillips, 1st Sergeant.\\nD. D. McMurphy, 2d\\nR. H. Ringgold, 3d\\nPrivates. Francis Agnew, Benjamin Ansley, William Archy, R. H. Bush,\\nJohn Bradey, R. D. Bridges, John Batly, J. W. Berry, P. Barret, J. M. Brown,\\nJohn W. Conklin, James Callahan, F. C. Cattinet, Joseph M. Collins, Washington\\nCollins, Milton Cawley, Timothy Crawley, John C. Colo, Patrick Cole, M. M.\\nCopeland, N. M. Drummond, William Dye, Matthew Doyle, C. Donovan, M.\\nDolon, William Darby, William Dickson, John Evans, Thomas Farrell, Alfred\\nGuthrie, Thomas Guideron, John Griffin, Michael Gaffney, T. Gallagher, James\\nHickey, William S. Hawthorne, E. H. Holliday, T. Haley, James M Jennings,\\nA. J. Knox, T. Li ttle, William Larkin, James Lamar, James Lynch, John P.\\nMcKenzie, Thomas McPherson, Briton Mims, Andrew Michell, Terrance Mc-\\nGuire, Robert Musgrove, John F. Markee, W. Medlar, R. W. Murray, T.\\nMcCabe, Martin O Riley, William Oaks, William Pardue, F. D. Pettagrew, Ber-\\nnard Rowe, F. E. Roathe, J. Riddel. A G. Roberts, James J. R. Roper, J. E.\\ny, Richardson, James Riley, Matthew Smith, George Shannon, J. D. Salmons,\\nLewis Sumner, Willis Seay, Thomas Tobin, J. W. Taylor, Lewis Vanzandt, Jas.\\nWolling, Samuel Wilcox, William Wilcox, J. S. Wright, W. Williamson, V. W.\\nWatkins, George W. Wheeler. Musicians. J. J. Hubbard, M. McGovern.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 93.\\nJASPER GREENS SAVANNAH.\\nJ. McMahon. Captain.\\nG. Curlette, 1st Lieutenant.\\nD. O Conner, 2d\\nJno. Devany, 1st Sergeant.\\nM. Carey, 2d\\nP. Martin, 3d\\nLeo. Wylly, 4th Sergeant.\\nM. Feery, 1st Corporal.\\nP. Tierney, 2d\\nT. Bourke, 3d\\nOwen Rielly, 4th", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "NAMES OF OFFICERS AND SOLDIERS WHO WENT TO MEXICO. 117\\nPrivates.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 William Bandy, W. D. Burke, P. Bossu, Francis Camfield, James\\nChalmers. P. Clark, Patrick Cody, John Coffee, William Coffee, James Coulih-\\nhan, Elijah Condon. Joseph Davis, Dennis Desmond, Michael Downy, Michael\\nDuggati, Francis Dutzmer, Charles Farrelly, Thomas Fenton, David Fountain,\\nJames Fleeting. James Flynn, William P. Fielding, James Feely. Patrick Ger-\\nriu, Moses Gleason, 0. B. Hall, Michael Hoar, Timothy Howard, R. M. Howard,\\nE. W. Irwin, John Keegin, Humphrey Leary, W. S. Levi, David Lynch, Michael\\nLynch, L. Mahony. Henry Marony, John Makin, Bryan Morris, Jas. McFeehilly.\\nH. V. Morel, John Meldrum, William Murray, Michael Murphy, Daniel Murphyj\\nHugh Murtagh, Henry Nagle, Dan Nickels, M. M. Payne, George Perminger,\\nThomas Pidgeon, John Regan, Francis Reeves, R. Richardson. J. Rinehart, B.\\nRodebuck, R. M. Robertson, J. D. Ryan, Thomas Ryan, John Sanderlin, Michael\\nShea, Peter SuzmeTl, David Stokes, C. F. E. Smith, R. L. S. Smith, Patrick\\nShiels, Patrick Tidings, Daniel F. Towles, J. W. Warden, James Waters,\\nMichael Weldon, John Whaling, James Waters, Jr., Jacob Zimmerman. Musi-\\ncians. William Gatehouse, George Gatehouse. 86.\\nMACON GUARDS.\\nIsaac Holmes. Captain.\\nE. L. Shklton, 1st Lieutenant.\\nE. S. Rodger s, 2d\\nWm. D. Griffin, 1st Sergeant.\\nJ. B. Gumming, 2d\\nJ. A. McGregor, 3d\\nP. J. Shannon, 4th Sergeant.\\nA B. Ross, 1st Corporal.\\nEdwin Harris, 2d\\nTnos. E. Orcutt, 3d\\nR. T. McGregor, 4th\\nPrivates. James A. Abbott, Wilson J. Aderhold, Edmund Barnard. James W.\\nBeasley. Orran W. Buffington, Edward Curd, Peter W. Clayton, William J. Cum-\\nming, Rums Cook,William Carter, John W. Cooper, John Cleesby, James Car-\\nson, John R. Candler, William Davis, Isaac Domingos, John L. Eel!s. William\\nEnglish, James E. Flint, Elijah Foster, Alfred T. Franklin, Alexander H. Fnmk-\\nlin, Charles E. Flanders, Simon W. Freeman, George ^A. Grimes, Lewis Gee\\nSolomon Groce, Richard Head, Elliott Higgins, William Hughes, Alexander\\nHammersley, Andrew W. S. Harris. William A. Harris, Alexander H. Hawkins,\\nSimeon Horton, William S. Johnston, William Kennedy, D. G. Kennedy, Wil-\\nliam King, William L King, John T. Lamar, Wilson Logue, A. D. Logan,\\nI John Loughridge, John H. Lane, Allen J. McGraw, John McGowan, Seaborn\\nj^ Moore, James Martin, Alfred B. McKee, William W. Munson, Robert E. Macar-\\nthy, Thomas McNeely, Sanford Moore, Robert Melton, Sanford F. Miniard, Tho-\\nmas J. McCrary, Thomas J. Moody, A. A. Park, William Robinson, Alexander\\nReynolds, William M. Ralston, Alexander R. Ralston, David A. Ralston, Caleb\\nW. Rembert, Marcus Roberts, AlbertL. Ross, Thomas Shirly, Sebastian Shaw,\\nRobert Snead, William Spratt, Robert H. Tindall, John S. Tilliston, Gilbert E.\\nThigpen, Claiborne Vaughan, William W. Woodall, William Walker, Edward N.\\nWood, Franklin W. Wright, Robert T. Walker, Timothy D. Wood, William M.\\nWright.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 92.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "118\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nSUMTER COUNTY VOLUNTEERS.\\nG. Hughes, 4th Sergeant.\\nH. Edwards, 1st Corporal.\\nC. H. Cottle, 2d\\nM.S. Thompson, 3d\\nW. A. Elkins, 4th\\nJ. A. S. Turner, Captain.\\n0. C. Horne, 1st Lieutenant.\\n.1 Cottle, 2d Lieutenant.\\nS. P. Woodward, 1st Sergeant.\\nN. N. Thompson. 2d\\nL. T Taylor, 3d\\nPrivates.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Jeremiah B. Ansley, Thomas J. Aiken. James T. Ballard, Joshua\\nBoyd, Sajathiel Buokner. John Burgess, Abner B. Conner, William J. Connier,\\nNorman Carmichael, Elias Clarke, John Clarke, William B. Chandler, John\\nM. Cauthen, Uriah Collum, William Champion, George W. Compton, Shadrick\\nCrawford, Daniel J. Derrizeaux, George Derrizeaux, Franklin Duvan, Jacob\\nDuckworth, Richard 0. Echolls, James Fudge, William Goodson, John B. Gib-on,\\nWilliam K. Gilmore, Robert R. Golding, Charles Graham. James H. Heffiin r, Wit-\\nHam Hardy, John H. Horne, John W. Haugabook, John A. Hunter, Sylvester\\nHewitt, Hugh G. Ivy, Bradford Johnston, Jeremiah Jackson, William P. Jourdan,\\nJames Jackson, James Lewis. Rasco Lepsey, John G. McDonald. Joseph Me-\\nMath, Jacob McNair. John J. Murphy, Jefferson Morris, John Morris, Jefferson\\nMontgomery, Milus F. Noland, Jaiob Newman, Albeit Peddy, Joshua Richards,\\nJames Richards. Samuel Smith, Abram R. Smith, Daniel Smith, James R. Smith,\\nJohn D. Smith, Wesley A. Smith, Henry J. Smith, Albert Sorrell, Oliver N.\\nStewart, James Seahorn, Franklin Singleton, Norban T. Taylor, James J. Tomp-\\nkins, John Taylor, David Turner, Albert T. White, George M. Welda. Barton P.\\nWright, William Walker. Joel Walker, James Zachary. Musicians. John Mc-\\nDonald, Richard Griggs. 89.\\nCRAWFORD GUARDS COLUMBUS.\\nD. A. Winn, 4th Sergeant.\\nJohn May, 1st Corporal.\\nJohn Lochaby, 2d\\nJas. B. Wells, 3d\\nN. J. Peabody, 4th\\nJohn Jones, Captain.\\nR. G. Mitchell, 1st Lieut.\\nJ. S. DlSMUKES, 2d\\nT. Schoonmakek, 1st Sergeant.\\nH. S. Tisdale, 2d\\nA. M. Sauls, 3d\\nPrivates.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Matthew Allen, William Barbaree, Charles L. Bass, J. R. Beck,\\nTryon Best, A. Blake, Wesley R. Bradford, Joshua Canter, Thomas Carter, Ed-\\nmund Christian, Reuben T. Clayborne, Richard C. Clarke. Daniel Crane, W. G.\\nCunningham, John H. Davis, John C. Davis, W. C. H. Doyle, David B. Ed-\\nwards, Theophilus Fowler, George W. Farrar, Samuel D. Gamble, William B.\\nGarratt, Calvin Going, John Hancock, Sterling E. Hannah, John R. Hall, Richard\\nW. Hinton, Robert H. Hood, Matthew A. Hubert, David Huson, Joseph T. Hyde,\\nCader C. Knowles, Moses Land, Arthur Lawrence, John Leigh, John Magner,\\nElijah Martin, Patrick McCabe, John R. McCorkle, Hezekiah McGraw, William\\nMisenheimer, William Moody, Martin Mooney, James Moran, Andrew L.\\nMott. Patrick OJJaire, Gustavus A. Palmer, William B. Parker, Joseph Perdue,\\nJames Pettitt, Elbert Presly, Mitchell Ralston, Harvey Rice, Thomas R. Rob-\\ninson, Milton Rose, Thomas J. Salter, Christopher Salvo, Allen W. Sanders,", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "NAMES OF OFFICERS AND SOLDIERS WHO WENT TO MEXICO. 119\\nWilliam Slaughter, Abner Smith, Thomas J. Stockton, John Sullivan, Coleman\\nB. Tait, Samuel L. Taylor, William H. Tillotson, John F. Turner, James Welden,\\nThomas White, Uriah Williams, T. H. Wooten. Musicians.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 William M.\\nChampion, Joseph T. Hodson.\\nFANNIN AVENGERS PIKE COUNTY.\\nRobt. Lattimer, 4th Sergeant.\\nAlex. 0. Reed, 1st Corporal.\\nT. D. Pertody, 2d\\nJos. Johnson, 3d\\nBenj. F. Ingraham, 4th\\nH. J. Sargent, Captain.\\nG. D. Alexander, 1st Lieutenant.\\nH. B. Holliday, 2d\\nF. M. Ison, 1st Sergeant.\\nG. D. Johnson, 2d\\nWilliam F. Moore, 3d\\nPrivates. Jonathan Allen, Thomas R. Arnold, William Aycock, William E. Beall\\nJohn H. Baker, Osborn Brewer, Cicero L. Brown, George D. Boutwell, John I. Bel-\\ncher, Thomas Burks, Robert I. Bedell, William D. Bailey, David M. Crenshaw\\nNathaniel L. Collins, William T. Crawford, Alfred Carpenter, Henry F. Car-\\npenter, Henry Coker, John W. Crow, Wm. W. Campbell, George Dusran Fre-\\nderick Dickens, Wm. Deloach, Jesse N. Davis, Ruffin Durham, Thomas Dye,\\nJohn B. Folds, James A. Green, Archibald Gibbes, Henderson Gibbs, James R.\\nGeorge, Eliphalet Hatton, Wm. R. Head, Thomas I. Ison, Anthony Ivy, Ben-\\njamin F. Jones, Samuel A. Kennedy, John T. Leggett, Andrew J. Low, John W.\\nLake, Burrell Lawrence, Hilliard I. Legg, Andrew Lendberg, Drury Lewis John\\nMillen, Dawson Millborn, John G. Morgan, Hugh C. McGehee, Joseph B.\\nMatthews, Gerardin I. Ogilsby, Sterling C. Pritohard, John C. Pryor. William I.\\nPerry, Wm. L. Prescott, John T. Reid, David R. Ross, Wm. T. Ready, John 0.\\nSmith, Robert Shaws, Joseph H. Shivers, James W. Spencer, T John Stewart.\\nBenjamin Shinn, Robert W. Terry, Henry I. fidd, John W. Turner, Thomas I.\\nTramel, John Thompson, John Treanor, Nathaniel Waller, Joseph Watkins,\\nSamuel Weems, H. N. White, Robert H. Woods, Thomas I. Warren, John H.\\nWiles, Freeman I. Waller, Thomas Waller, William Winn, Williamson B. Wil-\\nliams. Musicians. Henry McAllister, William S. Clardy. 93.\\nRENESAW RANGERS COBB COUNTY\\nA. Nelson, Captain.\\nJas. M. Dobbs, 1st Lieutenant.\\nW. J. Manahan, 2d\\nJ. H. Mehaffey, 1st Sergeant.\\nH. Trotter, 2d\\nAndrew B. Reed, 3d\\nJoseph H. Winters, 4th Sergeant.\\nS. M. Anderson, 1st Corporal.\\nWm. D. Neal, 2d\\nWm. D. Gray, 3d\\nWm. H. Craft, 4th\\nPrivates. W. A. Appling, Cicero H. Allen, T. J. Boyce, A. M, Bovd. W.\\nW. Brown, Jesse Blackburn, Thomas A. Burroughs, John I. Bennett, J. B. Burton\\nEphraim Bishop, Daniel R. Bruce, William Buse, L. D. Buse, John E. Conner.\\nE. W. C. Champion. James J. Crawford, J. N. Carter, Green Copelanrl John A.\\nCox, John Dunwoodie, Jr., William F. Davenport, Thomas Dillon, John D. S.\\nFoote, James C. N. Foote, C. C. Farris, W. H. Goodwin, Washington Green,\\nHugh Gray, John Gray. W. D. Gann, Andrew P. Gue?s. W. P. Gue^, J. O.\\nHackett, J. H. Hand, W. J. Haines, J. B. Hadea, Cicero C. Hammock William", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "120 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nH. Head, George Hodge, Nicholas Hunt, Samuel Hawkins, Caleb Hig rins, J. M.\\n.Ionian, Josiah .Ionian. B. D. Jordan, Thomas R. Johnson. David P. Kendrick,\\nAndrew J. I.afoy. John B. Lindley. John Merrett. John C. MeComiell. John Mc-\\nConnell, John McA lams, J. N. Miller, William H. Miller. J. M. McGuire, W.\\nH. McCuchin, John McGufFe, Chandler McGufTe, Bedney F. McDonald. James\\nW. Mann, L. P. McCarthur, Elisha N. Knight, Thomas L. Ow. ns, L. G. W.\\nPhillips, William M. C. Parnell, William H. Pope, Solomon L Rice, Isaac W.\\nRobinson, Benjamin H. Smith, A. L. Siler, Abner Sweat, Lewis Sedeth, Joel\\nShead, Thomas Shivers, Richard H. Shaddix, John Tiller, John R. Winters,\\nFleming Wiley, Thomas C. West, Leroy W. Walton. Musicians George T.\\nLemon, Lewis J. Parr. 92.\\nCANTON VOLUNTEERS CHEROKEE COUNTY.\\nN. F. Strain, 4th Sergeant-.\\nJohn G. Rhodes, 1st Corporal.\\nAllen Moody, 2d\\nRout. S. Kxox, 3d\\nJoshua Hughes, 4(h\\nK. Gramling, Captain.\\nA. Keath, 1st Lieutenant.\\nW. F. Mullens, 2d\\nW. G. Gram ling, 1st Sergeant\\nS. J. Cook, 2d\\nD. F. Daniel, 3d\\nPrivates. William T. Archer, George F. Amos, Alfred H. Burns. Alexander\\nF. Burns. Daniel H. Bird, Elijah W. Bond. John M. Bond, Joseph B. Co k, Wil-\\nliam S. Cook, John B. Cook. Alfred Cook, Ludy Cothren, Chesley C. Curtis, Wm.\\nM. Camp, Isaac W. Carpenter, Lewis A. Carpenter, David P. Copeland, Thomas\\nE. Dickerson, Benjamin Dean, James A. Delaney, Alexander M. Dolaney,\\nStephen P. Ellis. John T. Dickerson, John W. Finchen, Richard M. C-ramling,\\nHenry J. Gait, Nehemiah J. Garrison, Elisha Hillhouse, Samuel W. Hillhouse,\\nJoseph Heard, John O. Hobson, Nathaniel M. Harris, Christopher llulleft, John\\nC. Hatiley, Luther R. Henley, Isham Jordan, George W. Keith. George W.\\nLawhorne, John B. Lajsson, Sanford Loven, John Lusk, William Lusk. Zimmerman\\nLawhorne, Henry M. Long, James M. Lon?, Levi Lancaster, Joshua McConnel,\\nJohn C. Maddox, Jesse E. Machen, Samuel McConnel, James MoM iha Samuel\\nG. Mathis, Christenbury Phillips, James 0. Phillips, John A. Roberts. Samuel M.\\nRice, Albeit Rodders. John A. Roark, William A. Rivers, Ray Manning, Wil-\\nliam W. Rich, Isaac L. Scago, Benjamin F. Strain, Henderson Simeraly. John B.\\nSutherland; Robert Spri rafs, William H. Treadway, William Thompson, Isham\\nTyler. Jesse Tyler, John B. Thompson, George W. William^, Beveiley Wadkins,\\nWilliam S. Wood, John L. Wood, Samuel L. White. Benjamin Wotfonl. Musi-\\ncians. Anderson W. Turner. Greenburv Brooks. Total. 900.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "TREATIES WITH THE INDIANS 121\\nTREATIES\\nHELD AT DIFFERENT TIMES WITH THE INDIANS,\\nIN WHICH THE STATE OF GEORGIA WAS INTERESTED.\\nTreaty made at Savannah between General Oglethorpe and the Head\\nMen of the Lower Creeks, on the 2\\\\st of May, 1733.\\nThis treaty contains stipulations that the Indians will let the Trus-\\ntees people trade in their towns their goods to be sold according to\\nfixed rates.\\nThe Trustees bind themselves to make restitution for any injuries\\nwhich may be done to them by their people. The Indians aoree\\nthat the Trustees people shall make use of and possess all those lands\\nwhich they had no occasion to use not to molest or rob any of the\\nEnglish who might settle among them to give no encouragement to\\nany other white people to settle amon^ them, c, c. and finally,\\nthe Indians agree to keep the talk in their heads as long as the sun\\nshall shine, or the waters run into the rivers. Treaty ratified 18th\\nOctober, 1733.\\nTreaty entered into on the 2\\\\st of August, 1739, at Coweta Town between\\nGeneral Oglethorpe and the Creeks, Cherokees, and Chickasaws.\\nThe Indians declare that all the dominions, territories, and lands\\nbetween the Savannah and St. John s Rivers, including all the islands,\\nand from the St. John s River to the Apalachie Bay, and thence to the\\nmountains, do, by ancient right, belong to the Creek Nation, and that\\nthey would not suffer either the Spaniards or any other people, ex-\\ncepting the Trustees of the Colony of Georgia, to settle their lands.\\nThey also acknowledge the grant which they formerly made to\\nthe Trustees of all the lands on Savannah River, as far as the river\\nOgeechee, and all the lands along the seacoast as far as St. John s\\nRiver, and as high as the tide flowed, and all the islands, particularly\\nSt. Simon s, Cumberland, and Amelia, c.\\nTreaty at Augusta with the Cherokee and Creek Indians, held on the 1st dan\\nof June, 1773, by his Excellency Sir James Wright, Bart., Captain-Gene-\\nral, and Commander-in-Chief of the. Province of Georgia, and the Hon.\\nJohn Stewart, Esq., his Majesty s sole Agent for, and Superintendent of,\\nIndian Affairs in the Southern District of North America.\\nBy this treaty the Cherokees and Creeks jointly cede to his Ma-\\njesty a portion of territory, beginning at the place where the lower", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "122 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nCreek Path intersects Ogeechce River; and along the main branch of\\nsaid river to the source of the southernmost branch of said river and\\nfrom thence along the ridge between the waters of Broad River and\\nOconee River up to the Buffalo Lick and from thence in a straight\\nline to the tree marked by the Cherokees, near the head of a branch\\nfalling into the Oconee River; and from thence along the said ridge\\ntwenty miles above the line already run by the Cherokees; and from\\nthence across to Savannah River by a line parallel with that formerly\\nmarked by them; and the Creeks cede from the present boundary\\nline to Phinholaway Creek, on the Alatamaha River, up the said river\\nto an island opposite to the mouth of Barber Creek; and from thence\\nacross to Ogeechee River, opposite to the road about four miles above\\nBuckhead. In consideration of the lands thus ceded, his Majesty\\nagrees, after certain expenses are paid, to apply the moneys arising\\nfrom the sale of the lands to the payment of debts justly due by\\nthe Indians to their traders.\\nIn the year 1770, several of the Cherokee traders being at Augu?ta, told\\ntheir principals, the merchants there, that the Indians, quite tired of being\\npressed from year to year for the payment of their debts, which they despaired\\nof being able to accomplish by hunting, were willing to give up a body of land\\non Savannah River, in lieu of all the debts contracted by them since the peace\\nin 1761.\\nThe matter, at first, appearing to the merchants somewhat vague, was little\\nattended to or credited. The traders were only told, that if they could make it\\nappear that they were really in earnest in the matter, and that they looked upon\\nsuch a plan as advantageous to them and their people, that it would be their best\\nmethod to make application to the Superintendent and Gov. Wright,\\nThe affair then lay over until the month of February, 1771, when the traders\\nhad a meeting with the Head Men, deputed from every town in the nation, on\\npurpose to agree on something relative to those lands they before hinted at giv-\\ning up that, upon finding the Indians ready to acquiesce in the plan, they in-\\nsisted upon making a cession of their lands immediately, which the traders\\nignorantly agreed to, and the Indians being determined to finish the matter, as\\nfar as respected them, appointed a day in June for a number of them to run the\\nline; but in March, 1771, before any further steps were taken, an account of this\\naffair reached the principals at Augusta, who immediately transmitted it to Gov.\\nWright and to the Superintendent of Indian Affairs, both of whom having disap-\\nproved of the mode of proceeding, the same was communicated, without loss of\\ntime, to the traders, -and they, as the lands lay in the Province of Georgia, got\\nthe Indians to make the cession to Gov. Wright for his Majesty, for the express\\npurpose of paying off their debts.\\nWhilst in England, Gov. Wright sent a memorial to the Earl of Hillsborough\\nin which, among other things, he stated that there was a considerable body of\\nland which then lay between the boundary of Georgia with the Indians, and a\\nriver called Broad River, to the northwest, which empties into Savannah River,\\nColonial Papers.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "TREATIES WITH THE INDIANS. 123\\nand the Oconee to the westward and southward. He described the land as of\\nthe richest and best quality, supposed to contain 5,000,000 acres that the Chero-\\nkees claimed about 3,000,000 on Savannah River, and in order to pay the debts\\nthat they owe to the Indian traders, had voluntarily offered to cede the same to\\nhis Majesty.\\nGovernor Wright proposed that the land should be sold in small tracts, at the\\nmost not exceeding 1000 acres, to one person or family, and stated that the debts\\ndue from the Cherokees to these traders amounted to from \u00c2\u00a340,000 to \u00c2\u00a350.000\\nsterling.\\nInstructions were given to the Governor to return as quickly as possible to\\nGeorgia, and to make the arrangements for the cession, which he accordingly did.\\nTreaty with the Cherokee Indians, made at Augusta, on the Slst day of May,\\n1783.\\nBy this treaty the parties agree to forget all differences that all\\ndebts due by the Indians be paid, and all property taken during- the\\nwar be restored that a new line be drawn without delay between\\nthe present settlements of Georgia and the hunting-grounds of the\\nIndians, c., c.\\nSigned by his Hon. Lyman Hall, Governor of Georgia, General\\nJohn Twiggs, Col. Elijah Clark, Col. William Few, the Hon.\\nEdward Telfair,- and General Samuel Elbert, Commissioners ap-\\npointed by the Legislature of Georgia, and a number of Indian chiefs\\nor warriors.\\nTreaty with the Creek Indians, held at Augusta on the first day of November,\\n1783.\\nThe Commissioners on the part of the State of Georgia were\\nJohn Twiggs, Elijah Clark, Edward Telfair, Andrew Burns,\\nand William Glascock.\\nArticles at Hopewell, on the Keowee, between Benjamin Hawkins, An-\\ndrew Pickens, Joseph Martin, and Lachlan McIntosh, Commis-\\nsioners Plenipotentiary of the United States of America, and the Head\\nMen and Warriors of all the Cherokees.\\nConcluded November 28, 1785, and ratified April 17, 1786. Signed\\nby the Commissioners and thirty-seven of the Head Men and warriors\\nof the Cherokees.\\nTreaty at Shoulder Bone with the Creek Indians, 3d day of November, 1786.\\nThe Commissioners on the part of the State of Georgia were John\\nHabersham, Abraham Ravot, J. Clements, James McNeil, John\\nKing, James Powell, Ferdinand O Neil, Jared Irwin. Fifty-nine\\nchiefs or Head Men signed this treaty.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "124 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nTreaty at New-York with the Creek Indians, 7th day of August, 1790.\\nRatified August 13, 1790.\\nSigned by H. Knox, Secretary at War, and sole Commissioner for\\ntreating with the Creek Nation of Indians, on the part of the United\\nStates, and by Alexander McGillivrAy and the Head Men of the\\nCreeks.\\nTreaty at Holston with the Cherokee Indians, on the 2d day of July, 1791.\\nRatified 11th November, 1791.\\nThis was like the treaty of Hopewell a treaty of peace and friend-\\nship. Signed by William Blount, Governor in and over the terri-\\ntory of the United States of America south of the river Ohio, and\\nSuperintendent of Indian Affairs for the Southern District, and by\\nforty of the Cherokee chiefs.\\nTreaty at Philadelphia with the Cherokees, 26th June, 1794. Ratified\\nJanuary 21, 1795.\\nThis appears to be a recapitulation of the main articles of the\\ntreaty at flolston. Signed by H. Knox, Secretary at War, and thir-\\nteen chiefs.\\nI Treaty of Peace and Friendship, made at Coleraine, on the 29th of June,\\n1796, between the President of the United States, and the Kings, Chiefs,\\nand Warriors of the Creek Nation of Indians. Ratified March 18, 1797.\\nThe Commissioners on the part of the United States were\\nBenjamin Hawkins, George Clymer, and Andrew Pickens.\\nTha Superintendent received instructions from the Commissioners to make the\\nnecessary arrangements for the reception of the Indians. On the 16th of June,\\nat halt- past ten, all the kings, head men, and warriors, to the number of four\\nhundred, marching under the flag of the United States, came to the Commission-\\ners, atiended by the officers of the garrison. They danced the eagle tail dance\\nfrom their camp, and the four dancers at the head of the chiefs waved six times\\nthe eagle tail o/er the heads of the Commissioners. Six of the principal kings\\nand head men came up and took the Commissioners by the hand. They then\\nhanded their pipes to the Commissioners, and held them, and the fire which they\\nbrought in their hands from the camp. The Commissioners lit them and smoked.\\nThere was a short interval between each dance and wave of the eagle tail, be-\\nginning always with the Commissioners, the same interval in the shake of the\\nhands and the lighting of the pipe.\\nAfter these ceremonies the Commissioners made a short address, and which\\nthey concluded thus You will all now take a drink with us, and smoke the\\npipe of friendship; our warriors will now welcome you here in their way.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "TREATIES WITH THE INDIANS. 125\\nA signal being given, a salute of sixteen guns was discharged, and then the\\nsix chiefs were conducted by the Commissioners to their apartments, and they\\nand their followers were entertained with wine and spirits.\\nOn the 17th, the Commissioners met the representation of the whole Creek Nation,\\npresent the three Commissioners of Georgia, twenty-two kings, seventy-rive prin-\\ncipal chiefs, one hundred and fifty-two warriors, the Superintendent, Col. Gaither,\\nand the officers of the garrison. The business was conducted from day to day until\\nthe 29th of June, when the treaty was completed and signed. On the following day,\\nGeneral James Jackson, on the part of Georgia, made a long speech, in which he\\npointed out the faithless observance of their treaties with his State, by the Creeks,\\nand exhibited two schedules of the property which they had stolen, amounting to\\nthe value of one hundred and ten thousand dollars, which he demanded to be re-\\nstored. The Indians listened with profound attention, and, when he had conclu-\\nded, they adjourned for the day the Big Warrior, who had lately become a pro-\\nminent chief, facetiously remarking, I can fill up more paper than Jackson has\\ndone, with a list of similar outrages of the Georgians upon my people.\\nThe Georgia agents were offended with Seagrove, with the Indians, and with\\nthe Federal Commissioners. They presetted to the latter a protest, in which\\nthey accused them of having disregarded the interests of Georgia, and they\\nbrought charges against Seagrove, who, they contended, had influenced the\\nCreeks not to cede the lands as far as the Ocmulgee. The Federal Commission-\\ners denied these allegations. Seagrove and Jackson became great enemies, and\\nafterwards fou\u00c2\u00bbht a duel.*\\nA Treaty of Limits between the United States and the Creek Nation of\\nIndians.\\nThis treaty took place near Fort Wilkinson, on the Oconee River,\\non the 16th of June, 1802. Ratified January 11, 1803.\\nThe Commissioners on the part of the United States were James\\nWilkinson, Benjamin Hawkins, and Andrew Pickens. This treaty\\nis signed by forty chiefs and warriors.\\nTreaty with the Creeks at the Agency, near Flint River, on November 3,\\n1 804.\\nThe Indians cede to the United States certain lands in the forks\\nof the Oconee and Ocmulgee rivers in Georgia, c. Signed by\\nBenjamin Hawkins, and Hopoie Micco, and other Indians.\\nTreaty with the Creeks, made at the City of Washington, on the I4.th day of\\nNovember, 1805. Ratified June 2, 1806.\\nIn this treaty the Creeks agree to make a cession of a tract of land\\nbetween the Oconee and Ocmulgee, in consideration of which the\\nPickett s History of Alabama and Georgia.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "126 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nUnited States agree to pay to them annually, for eight years,\\n$12,000, and $11,000 annually for ten years, c. Signed by H.\\nDearborn, Secretary at War, and six Head Men of the Creek Nation.\\nTreaty xoith the Creeks at Fort Jackson, concluded August 9, 1814.\\nThe Indians acknowledge having violated their treaties, cede a\\ntract of country equivalent for the expenses of the war, c. Signed\\nby Andrew Jackson, and a number of Creek chiefs, deputies, and\\nwarriors.\\nA Treaty of Limits between the United States and the Creek Nation of Indians.\\nThis treaty was made at the Creek Agency on the 22d of January,\\n1818. Ratified March 28, 1818. Signed by David B. Mitchell,\\nAgent of Indian Affairs for the Creek Nation, and sole Commissioner\\nspecially appointed for that purpose.\\nTreaty entered into at the Indian Sprincs, ivith the Creeks, on the Sthday of\\nJanuary, 1821. Ratified March 2, 1821.\\nDaniel M. Forney, of North Carolina, and David Meriwether,\\nof Georgia, Commissioners on the part of the United States.\\nThis treaty is signed by twenty-six chiefs, in the presence of J.\\nMcIntosh, David Adams, Daniel Newnan, Commissioners of Geor-\\ngia.\\nTreaty made with the Creek Indians at the Indian Springs, 12/A day of\\nFebruary, 1825.\\nDuncan G. Campbell and James Meriwether, Commissioners on\\nthe part of the United States. Signed by Duncan G. Campbell and\\nJames Meriwether, Commissioners on the part of the United States,\\nand a number of warriors.\\nTreaty made at the City of Washington on the 24th day of January, 1826,\\nbetween James Barbour, Secretary of War, and certain Chiefs and Head\\nMen of the Creek Nation of Indians. Ratified April 22, 1826.\\nThe preamble to this treaty declares, that a majority of the chiefs\\nand warriors of the Creek Nation protested against the treaty con-\\ncluded at the Indian Springs, on the 12th of February, 1825, and\\nthat it was not signed by persons having sufficient authority, and,\\ntherefore, the said treaty was declared null and void. A cession of\\nland is made by the Creeks to the United States $217,600 to\\nbe paid to the Creeks a perpetual annuity of $20,000 to be secured", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "TREATIES WITH THE INDIANS. 127\\nto them difficulties of the nation to be amicably adjusted friends\\nand followers of General Mcintosh to be paid $100,000 improvements\\non ceded lands to be paid for, c. Signed by James Barbour, and\\nthirteen Head Men of the nation.\\nTreaty with the Creeks at the Creek Agency, on the loth day of November,\\n1827. Ratified March 4, 1828.\\nThe object of this treaty was to receive from the Creeks a cession\\nof all the lands then owned by them in the State of Georgia. In con-\\nsideration of this cession, the United States agreed to pay the Indians\\n$27,491, c. Signed by Thomas L. McKenney, John Crowell,\\non the part of the United States, and six Creek warriors, and after-\\nwards signed by eighty-four Head Men in general council, as-\\nsembled at Wetumpka, Jan. 3, 1828.\\nTreaty concluded at New Echota, in the State of Georgia, on the 20th day\\nof December, 1835.\\nGeneral William Carroll and John F. Schermerhorn, Commis-\\nsioners on the part of the United States, and the Chiefs, Head Men,\\nand people of the Cherokee tribe of Indians. Ratified May 23, 1836.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "128 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nDIFFICULTIES WITH THE CREEKS AND GENERAL\\nGOVERNMENT.\\nIn pursuance of the compact of 1802, between the United States\\nand Georgia, by which the United States agreed to extinguish the\\nIndian title to lands within the chartered limits of Georgia, Congress,\\nin 1822, made an appropriation of $30,000 to defray the expenses\\nof holding farther treaties with the Creeks and Cherokees. D. G.\\nCampbell and James Meriwether, Esquires, were appointed Commis-\\nsioners on the part of the United States.\\nThese gentlemen visited the Cherokee Nation in 1823, and em-\\nployed their best efforts to induce them to agree to a cession of their\\nlands, but returned without accomplishing their object. The chiefs\\nof the Cherokee Nation refused to meet the Commissioners on the\\nsubject of making cessions of lands, and also declared in their\\nNational Council, hereafter never to make any cession of lands.\\nIt is said that General William Mcintosh, a chief of the Creek\\nNation, and his son, attended the Council, and were at first treated\\nwith great respect but upon its being discovered that Gen. Mcin-\\ntosh had attempted to bribe some of the chiefs to vote in favour of\\na cession of lands, it was resolved that no more confidence should be\\nplaced in him, and what may be called a sentence of degradation was\\npronounced against him.\\nThe attention of the Commissioners was then directed to the\\nCreeks; and on the first of December, 1824, they met their chiefs\\nat Thle-cath-ca, or Broken Arrow, the seat of their National Coun-\\ncil. At this meeting a cession of lands was proposed; but it was\\nrefused, although it was believed that a portion of the chiefs was\\ndisposed to make a cession. At the Council at Broken Arrow, a\\ncommunication from the Cherokees, advising the Creeks not to\\ndispose of any more of their territory, was read by the sub-agent.\\nOther improper interferences on the part of the functionaries of the\\nGeneral Government, it was confidently believed, prevented the Coun-\\ncil from acceding to the propositions of the Commissioners. Mr.\\nCampbell, not feeling authorized to conclude a treaty without the\\nconcurrence of all the chiefs, repaired to Washington, for the purpose\\nof obtaining the President s permission to convene the chiefs within\\nthe limits of Georgia, to negotiate with them, exclusive of a deputa-\\ntion of chiefs from the upper towns. Mr. Monroe declined acceding\\nto this proposition, but ordered a renewal of negotiations with the\\nwhole nation. Accordingly, a meeting of the chiefs was summoned\\nto meet at the Indian Springs, in the limits of Georgia, on the 7th of\\nFebruary, 1825. On the 10th of the same month, the Commission-\\ners met the chiefs and warriors, and explained their object. On the\\nmorning of the 1 1th, at the Council, O-poth-le-yoholo, speaker of the\\nnation, replied to the talk of the Commissioners, on behalf of the Big", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "DIFFICULTIES WITH THE CREEKS AND GENERAL GOVERNMENT. 129\\nWarrior,* the head chief of the nation, in which he declared that no\\ntreaty could be made for a cession of lands, and invited them to a\\nmeeting- to be held at Broken Arrow three months afterwards. This\\nwas the only answer, he said, he was authorized to give. On the\\nfollowing night the chiefs and warriors of the Cussetuhs and Soowoo-\\ngaloos went home by order of the Big Warrior. On the 12th, a\\ntreaty was signed with the Mcintosh party.\\nThe day after the treaty was signed, Col. John Crowell, Age: for\\nthe Creek Indians, addressed a letter to the Secretary at War, in\\nwhich he informed him, that the treaty was in direct opposition to the\\nletter and spirit of the instructions to the Commissioners. A short\\ntime after writing this letter Col. Crowell went to Washing-\\nton, and soon after his departure, a council of the Creek Nation\\nwas held at Broken Arrow, in which a protest against the treaty at\\nthe Indian Springs was adopted. The treaty was, however, sent to\\nWashington, and, on the 3d of March, 1825, was ratified. On the\\nnext day after the President signed the treaty, the protest of the\\nchiefs at Broken Arrow was received at the War Department. When\\nit was known that the treaty was ratified, great excitement prevailed\\namong the Indians. Mcintosh, accompanied by a few chiefs, repaired\\nto Milledgeville, and had an interview with Governor Troup, during\\nwhich they expressed their fears of hostility from the part of the na-\\ntion opposed to the treaty, and craved the protection of the United\\nStates and Georgia. That protection was promised. It must be\\nstated that the Indians opposed to this treaty declared, that at one of\\ntheir councils a law was enacted, making it a capital offence for any\\none in authority to cede away lands Avithout the consent of the na-\\ntion. Serious doubts were entertained as to the existence of such a\\nlaw. The chiefs in council did not affirm that any such law was on\\nrecord. A white man, who had lived among the Indians between\\ntwenty and thirty years, affirmed that he was acquainted with no\\nsuch law. It was contended that no law of this kind existed, because\\nits penalties were not inflicted upon the chiefs who ceded away lands\\nin 1818 or 19. Governor Troup, desirous of learning the extent of\\nthe dissatisfaction among the Creeks, dispatched Col. H. G. Lamar\\nwith a talk to the chiefs and head men of Cussetuh and Took-au-\\nbatchee, who were met in several councils. Col. Lamar returned\\nwith the confident impression, that as soon as the ratification of the\\ntreaty was known, the hostiles would acquiesce. On the 21st of\\nMarch, Governor Troup issued his proclamation announcing the rati-\\nfication of the treaty, and on the 29th, he addressed a letter to Mcin-\\ntosh, requesting his permission to survey the territory ceded by the\\ntreaty, to which Mcintosh replied, that the chiefs would convene on\\nthe 10th of April, and that he w r ould submit the proposal and on the\\n12th, the consent of Mcintosh and his party was obtained, upon the\\ncondition that the General Government had no objections. It is due\\nBig Warrior died at Washington City on the 8th of March, 1825. He is said to\\nhave been a man of great talents. During the Indian wars he was uniformly friendly\\nto the whites\\n9", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "130 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nto Governor Troup to observe, that the object contemplated by him\\nin requesting the survey, was not to settle the country one day earlier\\nthan the provisions of the treaty would authorize, but to save the\\ntime consumed in that operation, to extend its laws over it, and to\\nsettle it immediately on the departure of the Indians.\\nOn the 8th of May, 1825, the governor received intelligence that,\\non Saturday morning, the 1st of May, an attack was made by a large\\nbody of Indians, supposed to be four hundred, who surrounded the\\nhouse of Mcintosh, set fire to it, shot him, and threw his body into\\nthe flames. Two other chiefs, Etomme Tustunnugge, and Colonel\\nHawkins, being among those who had signed the treaty, were also\\nkilled. They also plundered and destroyed considerable property.*\\nTwo days after Governor Troup was informed of these occurrences\\nhe issued his orders to the Major-Generals of the 5th, 6th, and 7th\\ndivisions of the militia of Georgia, to hold their divisions ready to\\nmarch at a moment s warning, in case the United States bound by\\nthe Constitution and Treaty to repress and punish hostility among the\\nIndians, and maintain peace on the borders of Georgia, should by\\nany means fail of their duty in these respects. The alarm which\\nensued was very great. The Mcintosh party stated their belief that\\nthis outrage was owing to the influence of a white man, who was op-\\nposed to the treaty and a communication was addressed by the\\ndeputies of the Mcintosh party to James Barbour, Secretary at War,\\ndated May 17, 1825, in which it was stated that they could trust\\nColonel Crowell, their Agent, no longer that he was opposed to the\\ntreaty at the Indian Springs, and endeavoured to prevent the Creeks\\nfrom selling their lands and begged the President to appoint an\\nagent in whose hands they could feel safe to go west of the Missis-\\nsippi. If Colonel Crowell is continued, we fear the friends of Gene-\\nral Mcintosh will be sacrificed. Governor Troup considered it a duty\\nto prefer charges against Colonel Crowell, and T. P. Andrews, Esq.,\\nwas appointed by the President to examine into these charges, as\\nwell as those made by Chilly Mcintosh, and other chiefs of the\\nCreek Nation. Upon the arrival of the agent at Milledgeville, he re-\\nquested Governor Troup to furnish him with any charges which he\\nmight have against Colonel Crow T ell, which the Governor promptly\\ndid. The charges were the following\\n1st. Predetermined opposition to prevent the Indians, by all the\\nmeans in his power, from making any cession of their lands in favour\\nof the Georgians, and this from the most unworthy and most unjusti-\\nfiable of all motives.\\n2d. With advising and instigating, in chief, the death of Mcintosh\\nand his friends.\\nAbout this time, also, General Gaines was ordered to repair to Mil-\\nledgeville, to consult with Governor Troup on the proper measures to\\nbe adopted in the then situation of affairs. Space cannot be given to\\nthe extensive correspondence between the agents of the General Go-\\nSee Biographical Sketch of Mcintosh.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "DIFFICULTIES WITH THE CREEKS AND GENERAL GOVERNMENT. 131\\nvemment and Governor Troup. It was conducted with acrimony on\\nboth sides, and if Governor Troup used, what was supposed, harsh\\nlanguage in reference to the matters in dispute, it must be ascribed\\nto the sense of wrong under which he believed the people of Georgia\\nwere then labouring.\\nAn extra meeting of the Legislature, to assemble on the 23d of\\nMay, 1825, was called by Governor Troup. That body met, and di-\\nrected the survey and appropriation of the territory ceded by the\\ntreaty at the Indian Springs. The Committee on the state of the\\nrepublic, to whom was referred the subjects of the conduct of the\\nagent of the Creek Indian affairs in relation to the late treaty with\\nthat nation, and also in respect to the murder of General Mcintosh\\nand others of the Creek chiefs, by their chairman, Mr. Blackshear,\\nmade a report, which was adopted, and of which the following is an\\nabstract\\nThat the very considerable power in his hands of affecting the interest of this\\nState has been prostituted to purposes unworthy in themselves and foreign from\\nthe objects of his appointment: That, in the opinion of this Legislature, objects\\nof private interest, and purposes arising in the strife of State politics, have mainly\\ninfluenced and governed his conduct, and that he has hence been either the ad-\\nvocate or the opponent of the rights of this State, as those rights have happened,\\nfrom time to time, to coincide with, or stand opposed to, the private advantage\\nof him or his friends, and his political predilections to which, in the opinion of\\nthis Legislature, he has long been, and now is willing to sacrifice the interests\\nof the General Government and the happiness and safety of the Creek Indians\\nThat his continuance in office hitherto has been, and hereafter will be, greatly to\\nthe injury of this State, and that the confidence of a large part of the Creek Na-\\ntion is now so irrecoverably alienated from him, that it would hereafter be im-\\npossible for him to administer and superintend their affairs to their advantage\\nand comfort, even if he were disposed so to do and that this Legislature do re-\\nquest of the President of the United States to remove the said agent from office,\\nto the end that all due and proper proof of his delinquency may be made.\\nBe it further resolved. That his Excellency the Governor do appoint two or more\\nfit and proper persons to collect and receive evidence therein, and that such per-\\nsons, when so appointed by his Excellency the Governor, shall be invested with\\nall the power of sending for persons and papers, and of examining witnesses, that\\nis vested in either or both houses of this Legislature.\\nIn 18 the President determined to refer the treaty to Congress\\nfor reconsideration, on the ground that intrigue and treachery were\\npractised to obtain it. Governor Troup ordered the surveys not to\\nbe commenced, and in his message to the Legislature in November,\\n1825, he assigns his reasons for so directing.\\nIt would be uncandid, fellow-citizens, to disguise, that but for the proposed ref-\\nerence to Congress, the survey would have been commenced and prosecuted.\\nSo long as the controversy was confined to the Executive of the Union and the", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "132 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nExecutive of Georgia, there could be no hesitation as to the measures which it be-\\ncame the latter to pursue. Between States equally independent, it is not required\\nof the weaker to yield to the stronger, because this would be settling controver-\\nsies by the rule of force, not by the rule of right, and between sovereigns the\\nweaker is equally qualified as the stronger to pass upon its rights. The imme-\\ndiate survey of the country, required certainly by the interest and convenience of\\nGeorgia, was not of that vital importance which would justify offensive mea-\\nsures to execute it. But the abandonment of a right, not considered doubtful by\\nthe only power competent to pronounce upon it. was another and a very different\\nmatter. The concession of a right without an equivalent by a weaker to a strong-\\ner power, is never made without exposing the former to injurious imputation,\\nand will always be followed by concession after concession to unjust demands,\\nuntil nothing remains to be demanded on the one side, or conceded on the other.\\nWhen therefore the President of the United States commanded the Governor of\\nGeorgia to forbear the survey, and when that command was followed by a dis-\\ntinct annunciation of the penalty which awaited the disobedience of it, the Exe-\\ncutive of Georgia would not merely have surrendered a right already declared\\nto be so by the supreme power of the State, but would have made a dishonoura-\\nble surrender to a stronger power, with the sword suspended over his head.\\nWhilst, therefore, the Governor would in this respect have treated the mandate\\nof the President as unlawful, he did not hesitate, as soon as the contemplated ref-\\nerence of the treaty for alleged intrigue and treachery was officially known\\nto him. to postpone the survey till the meeting of the Legislature; not because\\nthat reference was lawful, but that its legality or illegality was not so appro-\\npriately a question for his decision as for that of the Legislature. So that whilst\\nthe government of Georgia denied the power of the Executive authority of the\\nUnited States to pronounce upon her rights, it might not refuse to the assembled\\nStates of the Union the opportunity of investigating certain claims, or discuss-\\ning certain questions in controversy connected with the treaty, or with her own\\ncharacter and conduct in relation to it. So far as that character and conduct were\\nin any manner involved in the negotiation or conclusion of the treaty, or in the\\nevents which preceded and followed, their purity, uprightness and justice might\\nfreely be canvassed before the whole world. Thus much was conceded for our\\nown sake, until the meeting of the Legislature the rights of the State were saved\\nby protestation, and the Legislature is yet free to act upon the subject, as if no\\nmeasure had been taken by the Executive in relation to that reference.\\nBy a resolution of the Legislature of the 14th of June, 1825, Gov\\nTroup was authorized to appoint Commissioners to collect and receive\\nevidence in regard to the conduct of the Indian Agent. Warren\\nJourdan, W. W. Williamson, Seaborn Jones, and Wm. H. Torrance,\\nEsqs., were appointed. In their report to Gov. Troup, the Commission-\\ners of Georgia state that they were inhibited by Gen. Gaines from any\\nparticipation in the counsels that impediments were thrown in the\\nway of obtaining testimony intercourse with the Indians refused\\nthem, c. In his message to the Legislature of Gov. Troup\\njustly remonstrates against such proceedings. Other grounds ot", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "DIFFICULTIES WITH THE CHIEFS AND GENERAL GOVERNMENT. 133\\ncomplaint are adverted to, but our limits forbid a mention of them in\\ndetail. It may be proper, however, to remark, that owing to letters\\nwritten by the Special Agent, T. P. Andrews, Gov. Troup, in a letter\\naddressed to him, June 28, requested that he would hold no further\\ncorrespondence with him. Gen. Gaines also, in the opinion of Gov.\\nTroup, was guilty of indignities to the government of Georgia, and he\\nnot only declined any intercourse with him, but demanded of the Ge-\\nneral Government his recall, arrest, trial and -punishment. The Legis-\\nlature of this year declared by resolution that they conceived that the\\ntreaty at the Indian Springs contained intrinsic evidence of its own\\nfairness, etc., and that their confidence in the gentlemen who negotia-\\nted it remained umimpaired. By this same Legislature it was also\\nresolved, that\\nFull reliance is and ought to be placed in the treaty lately concluded between\\nthe United States for the use of Georgia and the Creek Nation of Indians at the\\nIndian Springs that the title of the territory obtained by said treaty within the\\nlimits of Georgia is considered as an absolute vested interest and that nothing\\nshort of the whole territory thus acquired will be satisfactory, and that the right\\nof entry immediately upon the expiration of the time limited in the treaty be\\ninsisted on, and accordingly carried into effect.*\\nPresident Adams presented to the Senate, for their ratification, a\\ntreaty made on the 24th day of January, 1826, as a substitute for the\\none signed at the Indian Springs on the 12th of February, 1825.\\nThis treaty was ratified by the Senate. The Georgia delegation, then\\ncomposed of Alfred Cuthbert, George Cary, John Forsyth, E. F.\\nTattnall, C. H. Haynes, Wiley Thompson, and James Meriwether,\\nprotested against the treaty in the following manner\\nThe President of the United States having submitted to the House of Repre-\\nsentatives a contract made by James Barbour, Secretary of War, and certain\\nIndians of the Creek tribe, dated the 26th day of January, 1826, which has been\\nratified by and with the advice and consent of the Senate of the United States,\\nand having asked of Congress an appropriation to carry it into effect, the un-\\ndersigned representatives of the people of Georgia feel it their duty respectfully\\nto represent to the House,\\nThat, by a contract made at the Indian Springs, between certain chiefs of the\\nCreek tribe and the Commissioners of the United States, on the 1 2th of February,\\n1825, the claim of the Creek Indians to the land occupied by that tribe in Geor-\\ngia was extinguished, and provision made for their removal by the 1st day of\\nSeptember, 1826.\\nThat this contract was, on the 7th of March, duly and solemnly ratified and\\nBy referring to Pickett s History of Alabama and Georgia, page 316, 1st vol., the\\nreader will perceive how completely the justification of the Government of Georgia is\\nmade out from beginning to end of the Indian controversy. The compiler takes\\ngreat pleasure in expressing the opinion that few works have been prepared with\\ngreater attention to authorities than Mr. Pickett s History.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "134 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nproclaimed by the President of the United States, acting by the advice and with\\nthe consent of the Senate, and that Congress, anticipating such contract, had\\nappropriated the sum of two hundred and fifty thousand dollars towards the exe-\\ncution of it. This contract partially fulfilled, on the part of the United States,\\ntheir obligation under the compact with Georgia of 1802, and removed every\\ndifficulty interposed by the occupation of the Creek Indians to the full exercise\\nof all the vested rights of the State over a considerable portion of her soil and\\nterritory.\\nThat the undersigned are under the solemn conviction that neither the Presi-\\ndent alone, nor the President and Senate conjointly, nor the government of the\\nUnited States, have any constitutional power, without the consent of Georgia, to\\ninterrupt or invalidate, under any pretence whatsoever, the right secured to that\\nState by this contract, made in obedience to an act of Congress, and ratified with\\nall due solemnity.\\nThat the new contract, for which an appropriation is now asked, differs from\\nthat at the Indian Springs in this That it does not provide for the removal of\\nthe Creek Indians prior to 1827, and does not expressly provide for their removal\\nfrom all the land occupied by them in Georgia. The undersigned are, therefore,\\ncompelled, by a just sense of what is due to Georgia, to protest, as they do most\\nsolemnly protest, against it, as violating the rights of that member of the Union\\nof which they are the representatives, leaving it to the constitutional organs of\\nthe State sovereignty to vindicate or to waive these rights, as their own sense of\\npropriety, their duty to the people of the State, and their reverence for the Union\\nof the States, under the Federal Constitution, may dictate.\\nTo this treaty Governor Troup paid no attention. His objections\\nwere, that Georgia, for whose benefit alone the treaty was nego-\\ntiated, was deprived, without her consent, of interests already vested.\\nThe party with whom the old treaty had been negotiated was not\\nrecognized at all in the conclusion of the new and in the execution\\nof the new treaty, without their consent, and even against their\\nconsent, they have not only been deprived of every right which\\nthey could claim under the old, or new, but have been, to all intents\\nand purposes, denationalized, and forced either to submit uncondition-\\nally to the power of their enemies, or abandon their country. Besides,\\nlands the rightful property of Georgia were taken from her, and\\nceded to the Indians forever, and the jurisdiction over the river Chat-\\ntahoochee, which had been secured exclusively to her by her original\\ncharter, by her constitution, and by the articles of agreement and\\ncession, was divided by the new treaty between Alabama and Geor-\\ngia.\\nThe subject was taken up by the Legislature of 1826, and they\\nadopted a resolution, by which it was declared, that the attempted\\nabrogation of the treaty of the Indian Springs by the treaty of Wash-\\nington, in so far as it divested Georgia of any right acquired under the\\nformer, is illegal and unconstitutional, c. In July, 1826, Governor\\nTroup ordered certain Commissioners to run the line between Georgia\\nand Alabama, as laid down by the compact of 1802, and on the 1st of", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "DIFFICULTIES WITH THE CREEKS AND GENERAL GOVERNMENT. 135\\nSeptember he ordered the districts to be surveyed. The Indians\\ncomplained of this, and the Secretary of War wrote to Governor\\nTroup, that the President felt himself compelled to employ all the\\nmeans under his control to maintain the faith of the nation by carry-\\ning the treaty into effect. In reply to this communication the Gover-\\nnor said, that he would feel it to be his duty to resist to the utmost\\nany military attack which the President of the United States shall\\nthink proper to make upen the territory, the people, or the sovereignty\\nof Georgia. From the first decisive act of hostility, you will be con-\\nsidered and treated as a public enemy. You have referred me as\\nthe rule of my conduct to the treaty of Washington. In turn, I refer\\nyou to a treaty of prior date and prior ratification, concluded at the\\nIndian Springs.\\nThe President having issued orders to prosecute the surveyors,\\nGovernor Troup ordered the proper officers, in every instance of com-\\nplaint made of the arrest of any surveyor, to take all necessary and\\nlegal measures to effect their liberation, and to bring to justice all the\\nparties concerned in such arrests, as violators of the peace and per-\\nsonal security of the State. Upon the same day he ordered the\\nmajor-generals of the 6th and 7th divisions to issue orders to hold the\\nseveral regimejits and battalions in readiness to repel any hostile\\ninvasion of the State.\\nHappily for the country, no acts of violence were committed upon\\nthe part of the General Government. The surveyors were not arrested,\\nthe surveys were completed, and the entire territory covered by the\\nold treaty was organized, and disposed of by lottery, in 1827.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "136 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nDIFFICULTIES WITH THE CHEROKEES.\\nWe have seen in another part of this work that, in the year 1827,\\nthe difficulties between the General Government, the State of\\nGeorgia, and the Creek Indians, were adjusted by the acquisition\\nof the whole territory of the latter within the limits of Georgia.\\nIn relation to the Cherokees, the case was far different. They\\nthen occupied the entire northwestern part of Georgia, which is still\\nknown as Cherokee Georgia.\\nThey had their own printed Constitution and code of laws, by\\nwhich they had declared themselves an independent State, and\\nclaimed the guarantees made to them, by treaty stipulations on the\\npart* of the United States, (by many thought to have been illegally\\nand imprudently made,) to protect them in the peaceful and quiet\\npossession of the country occupied by them, securing the same to\\nthem and to their heirs forever.\\nThe United States claimed the right of enforcing the intercourse laws\\nfor the government of the Indian tribes, which prohibited any person\\nfrom settling on Indian territory, or trading in any article whatever with\\nany Indian, without a special license from the proper authority.\\nThe State of Georgia had extended her criminal jurisdiction over\\nthe Cherokee territory, and the Cherokee Nation had passed a law\\nthat no person should settle on their lands, or trade with their people,\\nwithout a permit from their authorities.\\nIt is easy, therefore, to perceive that the laws of these three differ-\\nent governments, intended to govern the same people, must have\\nbeen found to be in conflict with each other, and constantly render\\ning them liable to collision.\\nWhilst this state of things existed, Georgia could not hope to free\\nherself from the inconveniences resulting from having a people with-\\nin her limits who refused to obey her laws.\\nRepeated efforts had been made to induce the Cherokees to ex-\\nchange the territory they claimed within the limits of Georgia, for a\\ncountry west of the Mississippi River, but with no success.\\nIn 1827, the Hon. Wilson Lumpkin, who was then a member of\\nCongress, consulted with his colleagues in reference to the proper\\nmeasures to be adopted, by which the removal of the Cherokees\\ncould be effected. His suggestions were frankly made and repect-\\nfully considered, but no definite and united efforts were agreed upon\\nindeed, the Georgia delegation generally entertained the opinion that\\nnothing effective in relation to the removal of the Cherokees could\\nbe done under the administration of Mr. John Quincy Adams.\\nMr. Lumpkin was placed upon the Committee of Indian Affairs,\\nand, on the 13th day of November, 1827, he introduced the following\\nresolution", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "DIFFICULTIES WITH THE GHEROKEES. 137\\nResolved, That the Committee of Indian Affairs be instructed to\\ninquire into the expediency of providing, by law, for the removal of\\nthe various tribes of Indians who have located within the States, or\\nterritories of the United States, to some eligible situation west of the\\nMississippi. This resolution was adopted, and the Committee of\\nIndian Affairs made a report, accompanied by a bill, providing for the\\nremoval of Indians still remaining within any of the States or territo-\\nries, and for their permanent settlement west of the Mississippi. The\\nbill encountered violent opposition, but it finally passed.\\nThe provisions of the act of Congress were considered plain, salu-\\ntary, and comprehensive. They secured to the Indians forever the\\nundisputed possession and control of the regions allotted them, and\\nmade such arrangements as were essential to the subsistence, safety,\\nand comfortable establishment of the colonists. Under this act many\\nIndians, from different States, emigrated to the West but, although\\nefforts were made by the General Government to induce the Chero-\\nkees to avail themselves of the provisions of Congress, a few (about\\nseven hundred) consented to do so.\\nWe might fill a volume with a narrative of the difficulties which\\nwere produced by the refusal of the Cherokees to remove, but our\\nstatement must be brief, although, we hope, sufficiently comprehen-\\nsive to embrace the principal facts connected with this portion of the\\nhistory of Georgia.\\nIt must be kept in mind that Georgia had, in 1828, extended her\\ncriminal jurisdiction over that part of her territory claimed by the\\nCherokees, besides passing many laws intended to operate upon that\\npeople. On the 22d of December, 1830, Governor Gilmer made a\\ncommunication to the Legislature then in session, in which he in-\\nformed this body that he had, on that day, received a citation, ad-\\ndressed to the State of Georgia, signed by John Marshall, Chief-\\nJustice of the Supreme Court of the United States, to appear before\\nsaid court, on the second Monday in January, 1831, to answer to that\\ntribunal for having caused a person who had committed murder with-\\nin the limits of the State to be tried and convicted therefor. In\\ncommenting upon this citation, Governor Gilmer said\\nSo far as concerns the exercise of the power which belongs to the Executive\\nDepartment, orders received from the Supreme Court, for the purpose of staying,\\nor in any manner interfering with the decisions of the courts of the State, in the\\nexercise of their constitutional jurisdiction, will be disregarded and any attempt\\nto enforce such order will be resisted with whatever force the laws have placed\\nat my command.\\nIf the judicial power thus attempted to be exercised by the courts of the Uni-\\nted States is submitted to, or sustained, it must eventuate in the utter annihila-\\ntion of the State governments, or in other consequences, not less fatal to the peace\\nand prosperity of our present highly favoured country.\\nThe Governor s communication was referred to a Select Committee,\\nwho made the following report, viz.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "138 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nWhereas, it appears by a communication made by his Excellency the Gov-\\nernor to the General Assembly, that the Chief-Justice of the Supreme Court of\\nthe United States has sanctioned a writ of error, and cited the State of Georgia,\\nthrough her Chief Magistrate, to appear before the Supreme Court of the United\\nStates, to defend said State against said writ of error, at the instance of one\\nGeorge Tassels, recently convicted in Hall Superior Court\\nAnd whereas, the right to punish crimes against the peace and good order of\\nthis State, in accordance with the existing laws of this State, is an original and\\na necessary part of sovereignty which the State of Georgia has never parted\\nwith\\nBe it therefore resolved hy the Senate and House of Representatives, fyc, That they\\nview with feelings of deep regret the interference, by the Chief-Justice of the\\nSupreme Court, of the United States, in the administration of the criminal laws\\nof this State, and that such an interference is a flagrant violation of her rights.\\nResolved further, That his Excellency the Governor be, and he, and every\\nother officer of this State, is hereby requested and enjoined to disregard any and\\nevery mandate and process that has been or shall be served upon him or them,\\npurporting to proceed from the Chief-Justice or any associate Justice of the Su-\\npreme Court of the United States, for the purpose of arresting the execution of any\\nof the criminal laws of this State.\\nAnd be it further resolved, That his Excellency the Governor be, and he is\\nhereby authorized and required, with all the force and means placed at his com-\\nmand, by the Constitution and laws of this State, to resist and repel any and\\nevery invasion, from whatever quarter, upon the administration of the criminal\\nlaws of this State.\\nResolved, That the State of Georgia will never so far compromit her sover-\\neignty, as an independent State, as to become a party to the case sought to be\\nmade before the Supreme Court of the United States by the writ in question.\\nResolved, That his Excellency the Governor be, and he is hereby authorized,\\nto communicate to the Sheriff of Hall County, by express, so much of the fore-\\ngoing resolutions, and such orders, as are necessary to insure the full execution of\\nthe laws, in the case of George Tassels, convicted of murder in Hall County.\\nThe resolution relative to the execution of Tassels was enforced a\\nfew days after its passage, and gave rise to much excitement among\\nthe Cherokees, as well as among the citizens of certain portions of the\\nUnited States.\\nMany severe charges were brought against the State of Georgia\\nby her enemies, in reference to this matter, and numerous public\\nmeetings were held, and petitions forwarded to Congress.\\nOn the 27th of December, 1830, and the 1st of January, 1831, a\\nnotice was served on the Governor and Attorney-General of Georgia,\\nsigned by John Ross, principal chief of the Cherokee Nation, that on\\nthe 5th of March, 1831, at the City of Washington, the Cherokee\\nNation would, by their counsel, move the Supreme Court of the Uni-\\nted States for an injunction to restrain the State of Georgia from\\nexecuting her laws within the Cherokee territory.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "DIFFICULTIES WITH THE CHEROKEES. 139\\nWith this notice there was also sent to the Governor and Attorney-\\nGeneral a copy of the bill containing the grounds upon which the\\nsaid motion would be made.\\nOn the day named the case came before the Supreme Court, John\\nSargeant and William Wirt, Esquires, being counsel for the Chero-\\nkees. The State of Georgia did not appear.\\nThe bill was very long, and recited with much particularity the\\ngrounds of complaint which the Cherokees had against the State of\\nGeorgia, and was supported by Mr. Sargeant and Mr. Wirt with\\nmuch learning and eloquence.\\nChief- Justice Marshall, Judge Johnson, and Judge Baldwin, voted\\nagainst granting the injunction, and Judge Thompson and Judge\\nStory in favour of it.\\nAt the session of the Legislature of Georgia, 1831, Mr. Lumpkin,\\nwho was then Governor, was requested by that body to communicate\\nany information in his possession, together with his views in relation\\nto the Cherokee Nation, and the immediate survey and occupancy of\\nthe Cherokee lands. To this request he responded, recommending\\nan immediate survey of the Cherokee territory and after the com-\\npletion of the survey, he further recommended that Georgia should\\npause for a time and endeavour to maintain her present unpleasant,\\nexpensive, and embarrassing situation, in the hope that better coun-\\nsels might then prevail among the Indians, and that those who gov-\\nerned them, might yield to such measures as would promote their real\\nand lasting interest. Should circumstances, however, render it indis-\\npensable, he further recommended to take possession of the unoccu-\\npied territory.\\nThe Legislature authorized the survey, and the Governor accord-\\ningly, in April, 1831, ordered it to be made. Great excitement fol-\\nlowed, but the survey was made and completed before the meeting of\\nthe next Legislature. During this year a majority of the judges of the\\nSupreme Court of the United States issued a mandate to the Su-\\nperior Court of Gwinnett County, ordering a reversal of the decree\\nunder whirh the Rev. Messrs. Worcester and Butler were imprisoned\\nin the penitentiary. These gentlemen, with nine others, were con-\\nvicted of illegal residence among the Cherokees, and sentenced to im-\\nprisonment for four years, at hard labour, in the penitentiary. The\\ninfluence of the missionaries was considered by many persons in\\nGeorgia a serious obstacle in the way of the arrangements proposed\\nto be made with the Cherokees.\\nThe missionaries were accused of giving advice on political ques-\\ntions. On the 29th of December, 1830, they held a meeting at New\\nEchota, at which, among other resolutions, they adopted the follow-\\ning, viz. That the frequent insinuations which have been publicly\\nmade, that missionaries have used an influence in directing the politi-\\ncal affairs of this nation, demand from us an explicit and public dis-\\navowal of the charge and we therefore solemnly affirm, that, in re-\\ngard to ourselves at least, every such insinuation is entirely unfound-\\ned. They also expressed their opinion, that the establishment of", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "140 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nthe jurisdiction of Georgia over the Cherokee people, against their will,\\nwould be an immense and irreparable injury. Such sentiments served\\nto inflame the people of Georgia against the missionaries. A law was\\npassed by Georgia, which enacted that all white men who should be\\nfound residing on the Cherokee lands after a certain time, without\\nhaving taken an oath of allegiance to the State, should be imprison-\\ned in the penitentiary, at hard labour, for not less than four years.\\nThe missionaries determined to disregard this law, and Mr. Proctor,\\nMr. Worcester, and Mr. Thompson were arrested by the Georgia\\nGuard. Worcester and Thompson were afterwards. taken, by a writ\\nof habeas corpus, before the Superior Court of Gwinnett County,\\nwhere their counsel moved for their release, on the ground that the\\nlaw was unconstitutional and void. Judge Clayton overruled this\\nmotion, but he decided that, as Mr. Worcester was a postmaster,\\nand as all the missionaries had been employed in expending the\\nUnited States fund for civilizing the Indians, the law did not apply\\nto them. They were therefore discharged. On the 16th of May,\\nGovernor Gilmer wrote to the missionaries, informing them that\\nsufficient evidence had been obtained from the Government of the\\nUnited States that they were not its agents, and requiring them to\\nleave the country with as little delay as possible, under penalty of\\nanother arrest. The missionaries refused to obey the order. They\\nwere again arrested and brought before the Inferior Court of\\nGwinnett County, and gave bonds to appear for trial before the\\nSuperior Court. On the 15th of September, the trial came on, and\\nthev were found guilty, and sentenced to the penitentiary, but recom-\\nmended to Executive clemency, if they would promise to take the oath\\nof allegiance, or leave the Cherokee country. On their arrival at the\\npenitentiary, Governor Gilmer directed the proper officers to ascer-\\ntain whether they would leave the State and accept pardon. Messrs.\\nWorcester and Butler refusing to do so, were committed to prison ac-\\ncording to their sentence. It may be well to state here, that upon the\\nreceipt of a mandate of the Supreme Court of the United States, re-\\nlating to the case of the missionaries, their counsel moved in the Supe-\\nrior Court of Georgia that the mandate be received and recorded,\\nand the missionaries discharged, but the Court refused to do so.\\nThese gentlemen were afterwards pardoned by Gov. Lumpkin. It\\nwas said that, by pardoning them, he had compromitted the rights of\\nGeorgia that he solicited them to ask for their pardon. Persons\\nwhose connection with the Government at that time gave them the\\nbest opportunities of knowing the truth, positively denied this. We\\nbelieve the facts in the case were these\\nThe missionaries were advised by their friends to change their\\ncourse. They inquired of the keeper of the penitentiary whether\\nthe Governor would release them if they removed their suit then\\npending in the Supreme Court. Their inquiries were submitted to\\nthe Governor, who replied, that whenever they yielded to the autho-\\nrity of Georgia, they should be pardoned. This was communicated to\\nthem, and they immediately addressed a letter to the Prudential Com-", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "DIFFICULTIES WITH THE CHEROKEES. 141\\nmittee of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions,\\nasking their advice in the matter. The Secretary replied, that the\\nBoard were of the opinion that they ought not to avail themselves\\nof the offer of a pardon.\\nEarly, however, in January, 1833, the Secretary of the Board ad-\\ndressed a letter to them, in which he said, that a due regard to pub-\\nlic opinion, and the cause of religion, required! that they should with-\\ndraw their suit. This letter was received on the evening of the\\n8th of January, 1833, and the same evening, Messrs. Worcester and\\nButler instructed their attorney, Mr. Wirt, to prosecute their suit\\nno further, and communicated the fact to the Governor and Attor-\\nney-General of the State. In their communication to the Governor,\\nthey remarked, that we have not been led to the adoption of this\\nmeasure by any change of views in regard to the principles on which\\nwe have acted. The Governor considered this communication dis-\\nrespectful, and determined, that as long as they regarded the prin-\\nciples on which they had acted so highly, they might stand by them\\nin the penitentiary. They were informed the next day what recep-\\ntion their communication had met with, upon which they asked\\nColonel Cuthbert to request the Governor to permit them to with-\\ndraw the communication, in order to correct it in its objectionable\\nparts this the Governor refused, and they then addressed to him\\nthe following- note\\nPenitentiary, Milledgeville, Jan. 9th, 1833.\\nTo His Excellency Wilson Lumpkin,\\nGovernor of the State of Georgia\\nSir, We are sorry to be informed that some expressions in oui\\ncommunication of yesterday were regarded by your Excellency as an\\nindignity offered to the State, or its authorities. Nothing could be\\nfurther from our design. In the course we have now taken, it has\\nbeen our intention simply to forbear the prosecution of our case, and\\nto leave the question of the continuance in confinement to the mag-\\nnanimity of the State.\\nWe are respectfully yours,\\nS. A. Worcester.\\nElizur Butler.\\nSoon after the adjournment of the Legislature of 1831, Gov.\\nLumpkin communicated to the President of the United States the\\nviews of Georgia on the subject of the unoccupied lands in the\\nCherokee country. The President manifested a disposition to effect\\nan amicable adjustment of difficulties. He proposed to the Chero-\\nkees terms, but they were rejected.\\nIn obedience to the resolution of the Legislature of Georgia, the\\nJustices of the Inferior Courts were directed to receive and return", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "142 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nthe names of persons entitled to draws in the lottery. This was done,\\nand the lottery commenced on the 22d of October, 1832.\\nIn his message to the Legislature of 1833, Gov. Lumpkin an-\\nnounced that the lotteries were completed, and that the act of the\\nLegislature providing for the organization of ten counties from the\\nterritory thus disposed of, had been carried into effect. In the early\\npart of this year, renewed efforts were made by the President of the\\nUnited States to effect a treaty with the Cherokees, but it was sup-\\nposed that these were defeated by a few of the half-breeds. They were,\\nhowever, continued, with a hope that the day was near when Georgia\\nwould be relieved from the perplexities under which she laboured, by\\nhaving an Indian population within her limits.\\nThe act of the Legislature passed this year, more effectually to\\nprovide for the government and protection of the Cherokees, c,\\nmet with considerable opposition. Various petitions for bills of in-\\njunction were made to the proper authority. Gov. Lumpkin, acting\\nunder an act of the Legislature, had appointed William G. Springer,\\nEsq., agent for carrying into effect the provisions of the act in refer-\\nence to Indian improvements. In consequence of this act, many bills\\nof injunction were filed, and sanctioned by Judge Hooper.\\nThe judicial conduct of this gentleman was animadverted upon by\\nGov. Lumpkin in his message to the Legislature. He charged\\nhim with ob, f rusting the policy of the State upon the Cherokee\\nsubject, c.\\nThe House of Representatives resolved that a committee be ap-\\npointed to investigate the entire judicial conduct of Judge Hooper\\nthat said committee have power to send for persons and papers, and\\nshould they deem it expedient, to report by articles of impeachment,\\nby address or otherwise.\\nThe Committee met on the 8th of December, and ordered some\\nsixty persons to be subpoenaed. In consequence of the multitude of\\nwitnesses, and the amount of testimony, the Committee was unable\\nto complete its examination during the session, and no further notice\\nwas taken of the matter.\\nIn 1832, the Hon. Lewis Cass addressed a communication to the\\nCherokees, in which he stated that the President of the United States\\nhad been informed that a change had probably taken place in the\\nsentiments they had heretofore entertained on the subject of a re-\\nmoval, and that propositions in reference to this matter would be\\nfavourably received that the President was convinced that a re-\\nmoval would lay a sure foundation for their future improvement and\\ncivilization. Mr. Cass also stated that the President would enter\\ninto an arrangement with them, upon certain general principles, c,\\nbut his overtures were rejected.\\nIn 1834, a treaty was entered into by a delegation of the Cherokees,\\nat Washington but the Senate of the United States declined acting\\nupon it.\\nIn the course of this year, considerable alarm was felt among the\\ncitizens of Georgia residing in the Cherokee territory, on account of", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "DIFFICULTIES WITH THE CHEROKEES. 143\\nvarious acts of violence on the part of the Cherokee Indians. Several\\ndistinguished natives were shot, because it was thought they were\\nfavourable to the policy of the General Government upon the subject\\nof emigration. In some sections, such was the alarm, that the citi-\\nzens met and adopted the most stringent resolutions, and requested\\nGovernor Lumpkin to cause troops to be stationed at suitable points to\\nprotect the people with which requesc he complied.\\nA body of men called the Georgia Guard had been organized\\nagreeably to an act of the Legislature. It was their duty to protect\\nthe citizens of Georgia and the friendly Cherokees.\\nThe arrest and confinement of John Howard Payne, who was\\ntravelling among the Cherokees for information, as was said, was con-\\nsidered as an act of oppression on the part of the Georgia Guard.\\nMr. Payne was suspected of writing papers of an improper\\ncharacter. Col. William N. Bishop, the commander of the Georgia\\nGuard, represented to the Governor that he had examined some\\nof Payne s papers, and found some very improper and indiscreet\\nstatements in relation to the President, our Government and State\\nauthorities, and many bitter remarks concerning Cherokee matters,\\nbut finally concluded that they were not of such a nature as would\\njustify his being bound over to answer for his offence in our courts.\\nHe, therefore, discharged him. This arrest took place in the State\\nof Tennessee, the Governor of which addressed a letter Jo the Execu-\\ntive of Georgia in relation to it. Anterior, however, to the receipt of\\nthis letter, the conduct of the Georgia Guard had been expressly\\ncondemned by a resolution of the General Assembly of Georgia.\\nIn February, 1835, two deputations from the Cherokees repaired\\nto the City of Washington. At the head of one was John Ross, op-\\nposed to removal and at the head of the other, John Ridge, favourable\\nto removal,\\nRoss and his party submitted a proposition for the cession of their\\nclaims in Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee, and North Carolina, founded\\nupon the basis of allowing them $20,000,000 for their rights, and\\nalso the payment of certain claims. An answer to this was prepared,\\nrepelling the proposition, and declining further negotiation with them\\nbut before it was sent, Judge Underwood, their counsel, intimated\\nthat they would be willing to submit the question of value to the\\nSenate, and abide their decision.\\nIn the meantime, Ridge s party requested that an arrangement\\nmight be made with them for submission to their people, and instruc-\\ntions were prepared for Mr. Schermerhorn, authorizing a meeting\\nwith Ridge s party, and ascertaining on what terms an arrangement\\ncould be made. Before Mr. Schermerhorn commenced the negotia\\ntion, Ross and his party requested to submit a proposal to the Presi\\ndent for his approval. Assurances were given that their propositions\\nwould be considered, and orders were given to Mr. Schermerhorn to\\nsuspend his operations but so much time had elapsed before any-\\nthing was heard from Ross s party, that he was directed to open the\\ndiscussion with Ridge and his party, which terminated in a general", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "144 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nunderstanding in regard to the basis of the arrangement which it was\\nunderstood should be explained to a meeting of the Cherokee people\\nby a Commissioner sent for this purpose, and after it had received\\ntheir approval, to lay it before the Senate for their action.\\nThe Secretary of War, the Hon. Lewis Cass, received a letter dated\\n9th of March, 1835, from the Ross party, in which they protested\\nagainst any arrangements being entered into with the Ridge party\\nthat if their people would consent to treat and accept of the sum\\noffered, then they were willing that the wishes of their nation, in re-\\ngard to the application of the money, should be consulted and adopt-\\ned, a just regard being had to individual rights.\\nUnder the arrangements made at Washington between the Chero-\\nkees and the United States Government, the President appointed\\nGovernor Carroll and the Rev. Mr. Schermerhorn Commissioners\\nof the treaty, and a programme of a treaty was furnished them, with\\ninstructions by the War Department.\\nA council of the Cherokees was held in 1835, at Running Waters,\\nto ascertain in what manner they desired their annuity to be paid.\\nMajor Benjamin F. Currey, special agent, after explaining the object\\nof the meeting, introduced Mr. Schermerhorn as one of the Commis-\\nsioners to negotiate a treaty.\\nThe compiler thinks that a short account of the proceedings of this\\nmeeting will be interesting to his readers.\\nMr. Schermerhorn delivered his opening speech thus\\nIt is not my intention to submit the proposed treaty for your final action upon\\nit at this time, because the council has not been convened for that purpose, and\\ntherefore Governor Carroll is not present. I am extremely gratified, however,\\nthat I have an opportunity to meet so many of you and, with your permission, I\\nwill address you to-morrow morning, and state to you the views of the govern-\\nment, and the advantages offered to you by the proposed treaty, in order that you\\nmay think of it until we meet again, to finally act upon the subject.\\nIf any article of the treaty, in its details, can be altered for the better in your\\nopinion, the Commissioners have power to make such alterations, and I assure\\nyou. it will afford them much pleasure to make such as you can convince them\\nwill be for your best interest as a people. I regret to find, however, one great\\ndifficulty in the way of a friendly and united action on this subject, and this ari-\\nses from the party divisions and dissensions among yourselves. For your own\\ninterest, and prosperity, and happiness, I desire to see a reconciliation between\\nyour leading men. I believe Mr. Ross and Mr. Ridge, and the leading men on\\nboth sides, are the friends of their country and people and if ever men ought to\\nmake sacrifices for the public good, you ought all to do so now. Ever since I\\nhave been among you I have laboured to effect this object, and I hope it will be\\nmet by both parties in the same spirit in which it will be proposed. 7\\nMr. Ross arose and replied as follows\\nI assure you, sir, and this council, that I am not a party man that in what I\\nhave done, I have been actuated by a desire to promote the best interest of my", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "DIFFICULTIES WITH THE CHEROKEES. 145\\npeople. I have no enmity to Mr. Ridge, nor unfriendly feelings towards any of\\nhis friends. I would be happy to have him act with us to promote the good of\\nour nation. lam not disposed to encourage party views, and feelings, and names\\nneither am I disposed to quarrel with any man, for an honest expression of his\\nopinion with regard to what is best for the interest of the people and if gentle-\\nmen are honest in the expression of their benevolence, I will cordially co-operate\\nwith them for the public good. I must, however, observe to the Commissioners,\\nthat however much we should desire to hear him, it will be, I fear, impossible,\\nbecause the people have not come prepared to stay more than one day, and many\\nare now without provisions.\\nHere Mr. Ridge arose and said, in substance\\nI arise, sir, to express my gratitude to hear such words drop from the lips of\\none of our chiefs. It is long since I have been accustomed to hear such language\\nfrom him, and if they are the words of sincerity and truth, my heart cheer-\\nfully responds to such feelings. I acknowledge I have acted different from Mr.\\nRoss and his friends. I have been driven from a sense of love for our nation, and\\nan honest conviction of duty, to take the course I have adopted, as the only\\nmeans for the preservation of our afflicted and distressed people and if Mr.\\nRoss will only go forward now, and act at once to bring our difficulties to an end.\\nand have them settled in any better manner than the government now proposes,\\nand I and my friends have agreed to accept, I am ready to acknowledge him\\nas my principal chief. I am at all times open to conviction. I shall willinglj\\nunite with my nation in any measure to promote their peace and prosperity.\\nOn this Mr. Schermerhorn again rose and said\\nIt affords me the highest satisfaction to hear and see the disposition mani\\nfested by the leading men of both parties among you and they have done\\nthemselves great honour, and I earnestly hope that this disposition may be\\ncherished by all on both sides and I trust the plan I shall propose to-morrow,\\nto settle your difficulties and to bring you to an act of unison and harmony, will\\nbe cordially acceded to, by both parties and if so, it will be the happiest and\\nbest day you have long seen as a people.\\nIf you conclude to hear me to-morrow morning, I will immediately issue a\\ntequisition for twenty-five hundred rations to supply the people another day.\\nThis proposition was agreed to, and the people concluded to hear him.\\nOn the next morning, when Mr. S. was about to address the Cherokee people,\\nMr. Ross and some of his leading men endeavoured to prevent it, pretending that\\ntheir understanding was that Mr. S. was not to address them until they had\\nfinished the business for which they were assembled for the disposing of the\\nannuity. He stated to them that their principal chief had told him that the\\npeople had agreed to hear him, according to his request, and that he was re-\\nsolved they should not make their chief lie to him but that he should stand by\\nhis word; and if the officers of government, who presided at this meeting,\\nwould permit him to proceed, he would now address them. And he had the\\nsatisfaction to say, that Maj. Currey and Lieut. Bateman, who presided, afforded\\nhim every facility and support he could ask. The people now drew near, and\\nhe addressed them as follows\\n10", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "146 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nMr Friends I informed you yesterday of my having been sent here as a\\nCommissioner, with Governor Carroll, of Tennessee, to settle the differences which\\nexist between the Cherokees and the United States. This is a subject of the\\ndeepest interest to you, and of the heaviest responsibility upon us; for it involves\\nyour future destiny and happiness, if not your very existence as a distinct peo-\\nple. This, then, is a business which we ought to enter upon without the unholy\\nfeelings of passion or prejudice, or misrepresentation, which are only calculated to\\nblind and mislead us. For my part, I desire to enter upon it with calm and cool\\ndeliberation to look at the state of things as they really are, and to help you to\\ndevise the best means for your future peace and prosperity and I hope I shall\\nfind a correspondent feeling on your part. I must, however, say, I regret to hear\\nthat some evil birds have been flying about among you to prejudice you against\\nme, before even you saw me and knew what I would say to you. I was told by\\na man whose word I cannot doubt, that it is reported among you that I am the\\nperson who after the battle of the Horse Shoe, with a company of Tennesseeans,\\nfell upon a party of friendly Creeks, and massacred them and their women and\\nchildren. I would ask warriors who signalized themselves by deeds of noble\\ndaring, whether they ever saw me, or knew me, in those days of blood and car-\\nnage. Ask Going Snake, Major Ridge, White Path, and Reese. Did you ever\\nknow me in those days No Did you ever see me there 1 If so, speak out. Did\\nyou see me there, Mr. Reese [Reese being at hand, answered no You see,\\nthen, it is false. I care not for these things on my own account, but on yours.\\nI mention it for fear such lies will shut your ears and harden your hearts against\\nme. This is the design of circulating such stories among you. I will, however,\\ntell you what I have done for you in former days.\\nHe then explained the treaty proposed to be made.\\nThe President s letter to the Cherokee people was then read and\\ninterpreted to them.\\nI am authorized by the President to say to you. that, if you reject these propo-\\nsitions for a treaty, and come to no final arrangement with the Commissioners\\nnow appointed to treat with you, he will enter into no further negotiations during\\nhis administration. You know him well; he never deceived you, by saying one\\nthing and meaning another. He will make no children s play of it. If you re-\\nject the present overture, you must abide the consequences, whatever they may\\nbe. And let me ask you, what have you to gain by delaying this matter? Cer-\\ntainly nothing. You have tried various ways, for seven years past, and every\\nyear your situation has been growing worse every overture for negotiation has\\nbeen rejected by you, and every exertion on your part to be reinstated in your\\nformer rights and privileges, and to expel the whites from among you, and to es-\\ncape the force of the laws of the State over you, have not only failed to\\nbring you the relief promised you by your lawyers, and counsellors, and chiefs,\\nbut they have been followed by new and more insupportable laws and measures.\\nYour principal men have all been turned out of their possessions, or have be-\\ncome tenants at will to the citizens of Georgia. If you continue to cast away\\nfrom you the very liberal and generous offers of the Government now made to", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "DIFFICULTIES WITH THE CHEROKEES. 147\\nyou. you will lose the sympathies of some of your best friends. You cannot\\nmistake the policy of Georgia she is determined to get rid of her Indian popu-\\nlation, and will soon legislate you out of the country, by granting possession to\\nher own citizens, who claim the free use of your lands; and then where will\\nyou go To Alabama and Tennessee You know the whites are already as\\nthick there on your lands as they are in Georgia, and every place surrounded by\\nemigrants is accompanied by white men as well as here.\\nYou need not be surprised if, in such case, they were to pass laws that they\\nwould not permit the Indians from other States to settle within their bounds.\\nBe not deceived the citizens of Alabama, Tennessee, and North Carolina are as\\nanxious to get rid of you as Georgia; and they only lie still and hold back be-\\ncause Georgia is fighting their battles, as well as her own, with you; and this\\nyou will find when the crisis arrives to which I have alluded, for they have, all\\nof them, extended their laws over you.\\nLet me tell you, these evils are now at the door. If you reject these overtures,\\nyou may look for them soon.\\nAnd now, to bring this subject to a close, let me advise and entreat you to ap-\\npoint a committee at this Council, composed of the best and most intelligent\\nmen among you, of both parties, to see if you can settle the difficulties that ex-\\nist among yourselves, and which, I believe, are the principal obstacles in the way\\nof a treaty at this time. Why should you suffer your private jealousies and ani-\\nmosities to operate to the injury and ruin of your people They are unworthy a\\nplace in the bosom of a friend of his people, and who has their interest at heart.\\nAt the head of this committee place John Ross and John Ridge, (I believe both\\nof whom have the interest of the Cherokee people at heart,) and add to them ten\\nor twelve other judicious men, and settle all your difficulties. The Commission-\\ners will meet you on the next week, at the Agency, on the 29th instant, when\\nGovernor Carroll will be there. Here the Commissioners will examine, with\\nyou, the provisions of the proposed treaty, and hear your objections to them, and\\nthe alterations you wish to have made and agree with you upon some terms of\\na treaty, to be submitted to the nation when they shall be assembled for that\\npurpose. I have done.\\nAt this meeting, arrangements were made for a meeting to be held\\nat Red Clay, October, 1835. At this time, much angry feeling existed\\nbetween those of the Cherokees who were in favour of a treaty, and\\nthose who were opposed to it. Messrs. Major Ridge, John Ridge,\\nand David Vann, were impeached for holding opinions considered as\\ncontrary to those entertained by the Cherokee authorities. Many of\\nthe treaty party assembled, and adopted resolutions, in which they\\ndeclared that it was their opinion that their people could not exist\\namidst a white population that they had come to the conclusion\\nthat their nation cannot be reinstated in its present location that\\nalthough they loved the land of their fathers, and would leave the\\nplace of their nativity with as much regret as any of their citizens,\\nthey considered the lot of the exile immeasurably more to be pre-\\nferred than a submission to the laws of a State.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "148 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nAt the time appointed, the meeting at Red Clay was held, where\\na conference took place between the representatives of the two parties,\\nfor the purpose of coming to some friendly understanding upon the\\nsubject.\\nThe treaty party, by their representatives, John Martin, George\\nM. Waters, Richard Taylor, John F. Balridge, and John Benge, on\\nthe one part, and George Chambers, Charles Vann, John Ridge,\\nElias Boudinot, and John Gunter, on the other part, recommended\\nthe following resolutions to the consideration of the Cherokee\\npeople\\nResolved, That the Cherokees cannot be relieved from their peculiar diffi-\\nculties and afflicted condition by a continued application to the General Govern-\\nment for redress under the treaties and laws of the United States.\\nResolved. That an arrangement with the Government by a general treaty is\\nthe only remedy that can be applied to relieve the Cherokees.\\nResolved, That a treaty ought to be made upon the basis of preserving the\\nCherokee people as a distinct and separate community and that, in a convention\\nto make the arrangements, all parties, and all interests, ought to be fairly and\\nfully represented.\\nResolved, That the increasing difficulties of our people demand a speedy remedy.\\nResolved, That an arrangement with the Government ought to be made within\\nthe limits of the Cherokee country.\\nRed Clay, October 21st, 1835.\\nAt this meeting the following propositions were offered by the Ross\\nparty\\nThe undersigned persons being selected by the principal chief of the Chero-\\nkee Nation to confer with certain other persons of the Treaty or Ridge party for\\nthe purpose of an endeavour to unite the two parties in a course that may even-\\ntuate in the general good of their common country, propose, 1st. The present\\nprovisional arrangement will have to be disposed of by a general vote of the\\npeople. 2d. Should the Commissioners have full powers to make a treaty, there\\nis no doubt the authorities of the nation will receive them with respect and at-\\ntention. 3d. Should no proposition be received from the Commissioners for a\\ntreaty upon just and liberal terms, it is presumed the recommendation of the\\nprincipal chief to the National Council will be acted upon that is to say, the\\nappointment of another delegation to Washington for the purpose of effecting a\\nfinal adjustment of our difficulties it is also presumed that the delegation will\\nhave power to act upon any matter in relation to a treaty, c, that may be sub-\\nmitted to them before their departure for Washington.\\nIn conclusion, the undersigned will, in good feeling, say to the conferees of\\nthe opposite party, that they will recommend one of their party to the principal\\nchief as a delegate, which they have na doubt will be received with attention.\\nGeorge M. Waters, John Martin, R. Taylor, John Benge, John Balridge.\\nRed Clay, October 21st, 1835.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "DIFFICULTIES WITH THE CHEROKEES. 149\\nTo this instrument the treaty party refused to agree, and shortly\\nafterwards they came to a compromise, which accompanied the pro-\\ntest which Ross afterwards made against the treaty, as follows\\nThe Committee of Conference on the subject of uniting the parties of the\\nnation into one, and harmonizing and associating together as one people in any\\ntreaty which may take place between the United States and the Cherokee\\nNation, in order to relieve the last from its distressed and afflicted condition, have\\nagreed that is to say, Major George M. Waters, Judge John Martin, Richard\\nTaylor, John Balridge, and John Benge, acting under the instructions of John\\nRoss, Principal Chief on the one part; and George Chambers, John Gunter, John\\nRidge, Charles Vann, and Elias Boudinot on the other, acting under the instruc-\\ntions of Major Ridge, and others of the treaty party, have agreed to bury in\\noblivion all unfriendly feelings, and act unitedly in [any] treaty [arrangement]\\nwith the United States for the relief of their nation that the number of delegates\\nto be chosen by the [General Council and] people [here present] shall consist of\\nnineteen members, to act for the nation, with full powers. That of this number\\nthere shall be three chosen by the treaty party, and nominated and appointed in\\nthe same way as the others, their authority to be joint and equal, to be confirmed\\nby the people [here present.] This agreement then and in that case only to be\\nbinding at once upon the parties. The Cherokee press is the property of the\\nnation, and as we have become friends, no more publications shall be made\\neither against the one or the other of the parties, because they are now united,\\n[and should be surrendered to the proper authorities of the nation.] In conclud-\\ning, speeches of peace and reconciliation shall be made of a prudent and judicious\\ncharacter to the people, in order to do away any unpleasant feelings which may\\nexist. Given under our hands and seals, this the 24th October, at Red Clay, in\\nthe Cherokee Nation.\\n(Signed) George M. Waters.\\nJohn Ridge.\\nJohn Martin.\\nCharles Vann.\\nhis\\nJohn x Balridge,\\nmark,\\nhis\\nGeorge fxj Chambers,\\nmark,\\nhis\\nJohn X Benge,\\nmark.\\nJohn Gunter.\\nR. Taylor.\\nElias Boudinot.\\nThe treaty party were charged by Ross with having violated the\\nabove arrangement. The anti-treaty party were accused of the same", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "150 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nact that the foregoing document was not the compromise which the\\ntreaty party signed at Red Clay that certain sentences included in\\nbrackets were afterwards added by Ross, without consulting the con-\\nferees, c.\\nAll the preliminary arrangements for negotiations being made on\\nthe part of the Cherokees, the delegation appointed, and powers\\nconferred upon them, the Commissioner of the United States was\\naccordingly informed of it, and requested to state what time he would\\nwish to confer with the delegation. He appointed a certain hour of\\nthe day, at which time the first conference took place. The Com-\\nmissioner presented his letter of appointment from the Secretary of\\nWar. He said he was authorized by the President of the United\\nStates to enter into a treaty with the Cherokees east, for all their\\nlands, under the basis awarded by the Senate at its last session. He\\nthen went into a particular history of the circumstances which\\nbrought about that award. So far as the amount was concerned, it\\nwas a settled question it was settled by the Senate at the request\\nof Mr. Ross of course the President could not transcend that\\namount. He was therefore instructed to go just so far as the Senate\\nhad permitted the President to go, and now he stood ready to negoti-\\nate with the Cherokees to the extent of his powers, and a little beyond.\\nDoubts were now suggested whether they could treat with the\\nCommissioner, from the fact that he was acting under a letter of the\\nSecretary of War, and not under a commission from the President\\nWe are authorized, said Mr. Ross and his friends, to treat with\\na Commissioner having full powers but certainly this man has not\\nfull powers, because he has no commission from the President. How-\\never, this objection may be waived. Yet we cannot treat with him,\\nbecause he proposes to negotiate only upon the basis and principles\\nwhich the people have already rejected, in the declaration that they\\nnever will consent to a treaty made upon the basis of the five millions\\nof dollars. Upon these two positions they planted themselves, and\\nproved .impregnable to the assaults of the Commissioner.\\nWithout offering any propositions themselves, it was decided to\\nput an end to the negotiations, and to proceed as speedily as possible\\nto Washington City. The treaty party attended at New Echota, on\\nthe 21st of December, 1835, as appointed by the United States\\nCommissioner, and on the 29th of the same month the treaty was\\nconcluded. It was ratified May 23d, 1836. The principal articles\\nof the treaty which was made were as follows\\nThe Cherokee Nation relinquished all lands which they claimed\\neast of the Mississippi River, in consideration of the sum of $5,000,000.\\nIn addition to a certain territory embracing 7,000,000 of acres west\\nof the Mississippi River, the United States guarantee to the Cherokees\\na perpetual outlet west, c. That should the territory thus granted\\nto the Cherokees be found insufficient for their accommodation, the\\nUnited States, in consideration of $500,000, will convey to them an\\nadditional tract of land that the land thus granted to the Cherokees\\nshall in no future time be included within the limits of any State", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "DIFFICULTIES WITH THE CHEROKEES. 151\\nor Territory the United States will protect the Cherokees from\\ndomestic strife and foreign enemies that the Cherokees, whenever\\nCongress shall make provision for the same, shall be entitled to a\\ndelegate in the House of Representatives the United States to re-\\nmove the Cherokees to their new homes, and to subsist them one\\nyear after their arrival there the United States to appoint agents to\\nvalue the improvements of the Cherokees, and their just debts to be\\npaid from any money due them for improvements the President of the\\nUnited States to invest in some productive stocks certain sums, the\\nproceeds of which shall be paid to the Cherokees, c. individuals\\nand families of the Cherokees averse to a removal, and desirous of\\nbecoming citizens of the United States, shall receive their due portion\\nof all the personal benefits accruing under this treaty for their claims,\\nc; certain persons named to be a Committee on the part of the\\nCherokees to recommend persons for the privilege of pre-emption rights.\\n$100,000 to be expended by the Commissioners for the benefit of the\\npoorer classes of the Cherokees certain reservations granted under\\nformer treaties to constitute a just claim against the United States\\nwarriors of the Cherokee Nation who were engaged on the side of the\\nUnited States in the late war with Great Britain and with Southern\\ntribes of Indians to be entitled to pensions the Cherokees to remove\\nwithin two years from the ratification of this treaty.\\nSupplemental articles were afterwards added, among the most im-\\nportant of which was, that the sum of $600,000 be allowed to the\\nCherokees, to include the expense of their removal, c.\\nIn February, 1836, John Ross and others visited Washington,\\nwhere they received a communication from Major Ridge, James\\nFoster, and Long Share, informing them of the negotiation of the\\ntreaty at New Echota.\\nNo reply was made to this communication. Ross renewed his\\nefforts to negotiate a new treaty, but was informed that he could not\\nbe received to make a treaty.\\nVery soon after the ratification of the treaty, an apprehension was\\nentertained by many citizens in Georgia that the party who had op-\\nposed the treaty would become hostile, and petitions for arms, troops,\\nand ammunition were presented to the Executive, and granted. Orders\\nwere issued to Brigadier-General James Hemphill to raise a battalion\\nof militia and place them at Lashley s Ferry, on the Coosa River, for\\nthe purpose not only of keeping the Cherokees in check, but also of\\npreventing the Creeks from coming into Georgia, which orders were\\nexecuted, and the battalion was organized under the command of\\nMajor Charles H. Nelson. A part of the Cherokees were disarmed,\\nand five hundred muskets and accoutrements were ordered and sent\\nto Cherokee County, in case of any hostile movements on the part of\\nthe Indians.\\nThese preparations on the part of Georgia, together with the ap-\\npearance of the Tennessee troops under Brigadier-General Wool, of\\nthe United States army, quieted the fears of the citizens.\\nAn unpleasant circumstance, however, occurred between a com-", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "152 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\npany of Georgia volunteers, under command of Captain Absalom\\nBishop, forming a part of Major Nelson s battalion, and a portion of\\nthe Tennessee troops. Capt. Bishop, in obedience to orders, had\\narrested a number of Creek Indians for the purpose of conveying\\nthem to Alabama, to be delivered to the proper officer having charge\\nof the Creek emigration but before his object was effected, Capt.\\nVernon, with a company of Tennessee volunteers, demanded these\\nIndians, and threatened to take them from his possession, and to take\\nhim and his company if he resisted. Before, however, any collision\\ntook place, Gen. Dunlap, commanding the Tennessee brigade, arrived,\\nand a compromise was made, by which Capt. Bishop kept possession\\nof a part of the Indians, and surrendered a part on the claim of their\\nbeing Cherokees.\\nOn the 24th day of May, 1 838, the State of Georgia was to take\\npossession of the territory ceded by the treaty. The military were\\nput in requisition for the purpose of removing the Indians. Gen.\\nScott called upon the Governor of Georgia for two regiments, to\\nwhich call there was an immediate response. On Friday, the 18th\\nof May, 1838, a sufficiency of troops had arrived at New Echota, the\\nplace of rendezvous, to organize a regiment and warrant the election\\nof officers. On the morning of the 24th of May, the regiment took\\nup the line of march for the purpose of collecting the Indians. Five\\ncompanies viz.: Capt. Stell s, Daniels Bowman s, Hamilton s,\\nEllis were destined to Sixes Town, in Cherokee County two\\ncompanies, Capt. Story and Campbell, to Rome Capt. Vincent s,\\nto Cedar Town two companies, Capt. Horton s and Capt. Brew-\\nster s, to Fort Gilmer. The collecting of the Indians continued until\\nthe 3d of June, 1838, when they started for Ross s Landing, on the\\nTennessee River, numbering about 1,560, under the immediate com-\\nmand of Capt. Stell. They arrived at Ross s Landing at 10 o clock,\\nthe 10th of June. The Georgia troops returned, and were afterwards\\nregularly dismissed from the service of the United States. Both\\nregiments were commanded by General Charles Floyd.\\nIn small detachments, the army began its operations, making pris-\\noners of one family after another, and gathering them into camps.\\nNo one has ever complained of the manner in which the work was\\nperformed. Through the good disposition of the army and the pro-\\nvident arrangements of its commander, less injury was done by acci-\\ndents or mistakes than could reasonably have been expected. By\\nthe end of June, nearly the whole nation were gathered into camps,\\nand some thousands commenced their march for the West the heat\\nof the season preventing any further emigration till September, when\\n14,000 were on their march. The journey of six hundred or seven\\nhundred miles was performed in four or five months. The best arrange-\\nments were made for their comfort but from the time May 23d\\nwhen their removal commenced, to the time when the last company\\ncompleted its journey, more than 4,000 persons sunk under their suffer-\\nings and died. On the 22d of June, 1839, Major Ridge, his son John\\nRidge, and Elias Boudinot, were assassinated. The first was waylaid", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "DIFFICULTIES WITH THE CHEROKEES. 153\\non the road forty or fifty miles from home, and shot. His son was\\ntaken from his bed early in the morning, and nearly cut in pieces with\\nknives. Mr. Boudinot was decoyed away from a house which he\\nwas erecting a short distance from his residence, and then set upon\\nwith knives and hatchets. These three Cherokees took an active\\npart in negotiating the treaty with the Government at New Echota.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "154 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES\\nOF\\nDISTINGUISHED INDIANS\\nGENERAL ALEXANDER McGILLIVRAY.\\nThis remarkable man was the son of Lachlan McGillivray, a native\\nof Scotland, who came to South Carolina in the year 1735 and en-\\ngaged in the Indian trade, at that time a very lucrative business.\\nIn the course of a few years, by his address and industry, he\\namassed a large property.\\nDuring the Revolutionary War, he associated himself with the royal-\\nists, and when Savannah was evacuated by the enemy, he left\\nGeorgia, with a hope that his son might be permitted to take posses-\\nsion of his valuable estate but in this he was disappointed for, with\\nthe exception of a few negroes, it was confiscated by the State of\\nGeorgia.\\nThe mother of Alexander McGillivray was the daughter Of a full-\\nblooded Creek woman, of high rank in her nation. Her father, Capt.\\nMarchand, was a French gentleman who was killed by his own sol-\\ndiers at Fort Toulouse, in August, 1722. Her name was Sehoy.\\nShe is represented as having been, at the time when Lachlan Mc\\nGillivray formed her acquaintance, a maiden of sixteen, cheerful in\\ncountenance, bewitching in looks, and graceful in form.\\nOf the early age of Alexander little is known. When he was\\nten years old, his father sent him to the city of New-York, and\\nplaced him under the care of a relative. Here he went to school to\\nMr. George Sheed, an eminent English teacher, and afterwards to\\nMr. Henderson, to learn the Latin language. When he was seven-\\nteen years old, he came to Savannah and entered the counting-house\\nof Samuel Elbert and afterwards, he remained a short time in the\\nestablishment of Alexander Ingliss Company. His father, discov-\\nering that he had no relish for commercial pursuits, directed him to\\nreturn to the Creek Nation. The British had stationed at the Hickory\\nGround, the site of the lower suburbs of the present Wetumpka, in\\nAlabama, Col, Tait, for the purpose of inducing the Creeks to take\\nsides with the King of England. Here McGillivray became ac-\\nquainted with Col. Tait, and, operated upon by his advice, he attached\\nhimself to the cause of the royalists. Over the Creeks he acquired a\\npowerful ascendency, and when about thirty years of age, he presided\\nat a Grand National Council at the town of Coweta, upon the Chat-\\ntahoochee. The British conferred upon him the rank and pay of a\\ncolonel. During the war of the Revolution, he used all his exertions\\nto exasperate the Creeks against the Whigs, and led several expedi-", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "ALEXANDER McGILLIVRAY. 155\\ntions against them. With the notorious Col. Daniel McGirth and his\\nadherents McGillivray often co-operated, and gave the citizens re-\\nsiding in the southern portions of Georgia much trouble by his well-\\ndirected movements.\\nAfter the termination of hostilities between Great Britain and the\\nUnited States, McGillivray still cherished resentments against the\\nlatter, and particularly against Georgia. In 1784, as the representa-\\ntive of the Creek and Seminole Nations, he formed a treaty of alli-\\nance with Spain, in which, among other things, it was agreed that\\nthe Creeks and Seminoles should defend the cause of the King of\\nSpain that no white person should be admitted into their country\\nwithout a Spanish permit, c. Upon his signing the treaty, he was\\nmade a Spanish commissary, with the rank and pay of a colonel.\\nThe Spaniards knowing that much dissatisfaction existed among the\\nIndians, on account of the treaty at Augusta and the occupation of\\ntheir territory, employed the most indefatigable exertions to foment\\ndiscords between them and the Georgians, and McGillivray united\\nwith them, endeavouring to prevent any kind of negotiation.\\nCommissioners had been appointed to treat with the Southern In-\\ndians, one of whom, Andrew Pickens, Esq., addressed a letter to\\nMcGillivray, requesting him to meet them at a convenient place to\\nenter into a treaty.\\nTo this invitation he sent a reply, in which he stated that he was\\nsurprised that the proposition for a treaty had not been made before\\nthat the Indians had expected, when American independence was\\nconfirmed by the peace, measures would be taken to settle the differ-\\nences between them and the Indians that the Georgians had pur-\\nsued a contrary course that they had sought and obtained the friend-\\nship and protection of Spain that the Indians wanted nothing but\\njustice their hunting-grounds to be preserved from encroachments,\\nc. The letter closes with a promise to meet the Commissioners\\nwhenever the Indians shall receive notice.\\nEncouraged by this reply, the Commissioners came to Galphinton,\\nbut to their surprise, McGillivray had failed to appear. Chiefs from\\ntwo towns only, together with sixty warriors, met the Commissioners,\\nwith which small number they declined making a treaty explaining,\\nhowever, the intended policy of the United States. After the Com-\\nmissioners departed, the Georgia Commissioners made a treaty with\\nthe few Indians present, and laid before the General Assembly a copy\\nof the articles intended to have been proposed by the United States\\nCommissioners, which that body declared to be a violation of the\\nrights of Georgia.\\nIn December, 1787, Dr. James White was appointed by Congress\\na superintendent of the Creeks, who, upon his arrival at Cusseta,\\naddressed a letter to McGillivray, to which he replied, that he was\\npleased to learn of the doctor s appointment for the purpose of in-\\nquiring into and settling the differences then subsisting between his\\nnation and the Georgians. The causes of these differences and the\\ndiscontents of the Creeks he states in the following words", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "156 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nThere are chiefs of two towns in this nation, who, during the late war, were\\nfriendly to the State of Georgia, and had gone at different times among those\\npeople, and once, after the general peace, to Augusta.\\nThey there demanded of them a grant of lands belonging and enjoyed as hunt-\\ning-grounds by the Indians of this nation in common, on the east of the Oconee\\nRiver. The chiefs rejected the demand, on the plea that these lands were the\\nhunting-grounds of the nation, and could not be granted by two individuals; but\\nin a few days, a promise was extorted from them, that on their return to their\\ncountry, they would use their influence to get a grant confirmed.\\nUpon their return a general convention was held at Tookabatcha, when these\\ntwo chiefs were severely censured, and the chiefs of ninety-eight towns agreed\\nupon a talk to be sent to Savannah, disapproving, in the strongest manner, of the\\ndemand made upon their nation, and denying the right of any two of their coun-\\ntrymen to make cession of land, which could be only valid by the unanimous voice\\nof the whole, as joint proprietors in common. Yet these two chiefs, regardless\\nof the voice of the nation, continued to go to Augusta, and other places within\\nthe State of Georgia.\\nThey received presents and made promises but our customs did not permit\\nus to punish them for the crime.\\nWe warned the Georgians of the dangerous consequences that would certainly\\nattend the settling of the lands in question. Our just remonstrances were treated\\nwith contempt, and these lands were soon filled with settlers. The nation,\\njustly alarmed at the encroachments, resolved to use force to maintain their\\nrights yet, being averse to the shedding of the blood of a people whom we would\\nrather consider as friends, we made another effort to awaken in them a sense of\\njustice and equity. But we found, from experience, that entreaty could not pre-\\nvail, and parties of warriors were sent to drive off the intruders, but were in-\\nstructed to shed blood only where self-preservation made it necessary.\\nThis was in May, 1786. In October following, we were invited by Commis-\\nsioners of the State of Georgia to meet them in conference at the Oconee, pro-\\nfessing a sincere desire for an amicable adjustment of our disputes, and pledging\\ntheir sacred honours for the safety and good treatment of all those that should at-\\ntend and meet them. It not being convenient for many of us to go to the pro-\\nposed conference, a few, from motives of curiosity, attended. They were sur-\\nprised to find an armed body of men, prepared for and professing hostile intentions.\\nApprehensions for personal safety induced those chiefs to subscribe to every de-\\nmand that was asked by the army and the Commissioners. Lands were again\\ndemanded, and the lives of some of our chiefs were required, as well as those of\\nsome innocent traders, as a sacrifice, to appease their anger. Assassins have been\\nemployed to effect some part of their atrocious purposes. If I fall by the hand of\\nsuch. I shall fall the victim of the noblest of causes, that of maintaining the just\\nrights of my country. I aspire to the honest ambition of meriting the appella-\\ntion of the preserver of my country, equally with the chiefs among you, whom,\\nfrom acting on such principles, you have exalted to the highest pitch of glory.\\nAnd if, after every peaceable mode of obtaining a redress of grievances proved\\nfruitless, a recourse to arms to obtain it be a mark of the savage, and not of the\\nsoldier, what savages must the Americans be, and how much undeserved ap-", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "ALEXANDER MCGILLIVRAY. 157\\nplause have your Cincinnatus, your Fabius, obtained If a war name had been\\nnecessary to distinguish that chief, in such a case, the Man-Killer, the Great\\nDestroyer, would have been the proper appellation.\\nI had appointed the Cussetas for all the chiefs of the Lower Creeks to meet\\nin convention. I shall be down in a few days, when, from your timely arrival,\\nyou will meet the chiefs, and learn their sentiments, and I sincerely hope that\\nthe propositions which you shall offer us will be such as we can safely accede\\nto. The talks of the former commissioners, at Galphinton, were much approved\\nof, and your coming from the White Town (seat of Congress) has raised great\\nexpectations that you will remove the principal and almost only cause of our\\ndispute, that is, by securing to us our hunting-grounds and possessions, free from\\nall encroachments. When we meet, we shall talk these matters over.\\nMeantime, I remain,\\nWith regard, your obedient servant,\\nAlexander McGillivray.\\nDr. White met McGillivray at Cusseta, with a large number of\\nLower Creeks, when he desired them to ratify the treaties of Augusta,\\nGalphinton, and Shoulder Bone. The chiefs answered that their\\nlands were their life and breath, and if they parted with them, they\\nparted with their blood.\\nThe two chiefs who granted these lands declared that the Geor-\\ngians compelled them to do so by threats and the flourish of long\\nknives. A new proposition was made to the superintendent by\\nMcGillivray, the substance of which was, that if Congress could\\nform a government south of Alatamaha, he would be the first to take\\nthe oath of allegiance, and in return to Georgia for giving up that\\nclaim, he would obtain a grant of the lands on the Oconee. Here the\\nconference ended.\\nIt is due to Georgia to state that she always denied that the dele-\\ngation of Indians was insufficient to make the grants, and insisted\\nthat they had been obtained without threats or violence. The\\nGeorgians, however, acknowledged that they had troops present at\\nthe treaty of Shoulder Bone, but only to suppress any apparent hosti-\\nlities and that they had carried hostages to Augusta for enforcing a\\ncompliance with the treaty, a custom sanctioned in all former negotia-\\ntions with Indians.\\nThe Creeks continued to make incursions upon the frontiers of\\nGeorgia. Congress, in 1788, appointed Commissioners to renew ne-\\ngotiations with McGillivray, but he refused to have an interview\\nwith them unless the settlers upon the Oconee lands were first re-\\nmoved. About this time Governor Thomas Pinckney, of South Ca-\\nrolina, opened a correspondence with McGillivray, but it resulted as\\nall former efforts. In 1789, the Government of the United States\\nembraced every opportunity to gain the friendship of McGillivray.\\nCommissioners requested him to meet them with a delegation\\nfrom the whole of the Creek Nation, at Rock Landing, to settle all", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "158 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\ndifficulties. He agreed to go, and just before the time appointed to\\nmeet them, he addressed a letter to William Panton, an extensive\\nIndian merchant, then in high favour with the Spanish Government.\\nThis letter is too long to be inserted in this sketch, but some\\nextracts from it will enable the reader to form an idea of the charac-\\nter and talents of the writer.\\nGalphin, whom I sent to the Rock Landing with a talk, declining the treaty\\nof June last, returned about a fortnight since, and I find that they are resolved\\nupon making a treaty. In order to accommodate us, the Commissioners are\\ncomplaisant enough to postpone it till the 15th of next month, and one of them,\\nthe late Chief-Justice Osborne, remains all the time at Rock Landing. Pickens\\nreturned for the Cherokee treaty; but in this I took measures to disappoint him,\\nfor those chiefs would not meet. In this do you not see my cause of triumph,\\nin bringing these conquerors of the Old, and masters of the New World, as they\\ncall themselves, to bend and supplicate for peace, at the feet of a people whom,\\nshortly before, they despised and marked out for destruction\\nMy people being all at home, and the grand ceremony of kindling the new\\nfire being just over, I deem it the fittest time to meet these Commissioners, and\\nhave accordingly made the broken days, of which nine are left, to set out in. In\\nconducting the business of the treaty, I will, as you observe, confine it tcthe fix-\\ning our limits and the acknowledgment of the independence of my nation. This\\nI deem very necessary, as the Americans pretend to a territorial claim and\\nsovereignty over us, in virtue of the late peace made with England. This being\\nsettled, will, in a great measure, be doing away with any cause of future quarrel\\nbetween us. You well know how customary it is in all treaties with theTudians\\nto agree to a commercial one also; it being absolutely necessary, as it more\\nfirmly attaches them to friendships formed. However, in\\nthis instance I will agree to none, as you have a prospect of being able, by the\\nfavour of the Spanish Government, to supply this trade on as moderate terms as\\nthe Georgians can do. If I find that the Commissioners insist upon\\nstipulations that will clash with those of Spain, I shall not hesitate to cut short the\\nnegotiation. But at the same time I must insist upon an equal\\nresolution in our friends, the Spaniards, to afford to us their decided support.\\nI repeat to you what I have frequently done to Governor\\nMiro that if we are obliged, for want of support, to conclude an unconditional\\npeace with the Americans, it will prove essentially hurtful to the king s interest.\\nNow let me talk a little upon my private affairs. I wish I could lay my\\nhand on that last letter, to send you, and a very curious, and, to you, not an unin-\\nteresting Carolina newspaper, just received but they are both swallowed up in\\na multitude of papers. You know how it is with me in the paper way. The\\nCommissioners of the United States say, it would give them great pleasure to\\nhave a private conversation previous to our entering into the business of the\\ntreaty, as it would tend to make it go on agreeably, and with more ease. I\\nneed not interpret this paragraph to you, when you already know that I have,\\nfor some time past, been endeavouring to recover my house and lands, with my", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "ALEXANDER McGILLIVRAY. 159\\nfamily estate, which, to your knowledge, is more than \u00c2\u00a330,000 sterling, the offer\\nof which is now, I expect, to be pressed upon me. And there has, since I saw\\nyou last, arisen considerable conflict in my mind, in revolving these matters\\nover. Here am I, an absolute heavy tax upon you, for years, and, in fact, not\\nonly for my private support, but for all the extra expenses of this department\\nand although, my dear sir, I know that I can still depend upon your generosity\\nand in your friendship, that you overlook the heavy expense that I put you to,\\nyet you well know how hurtful it is to the feeling heart to be beholden to sub-\\nsist on the bounty of private friendship. Thus situated, I ask I wish you to\\ngive me your opinion. On the one hand, I am offered the restoration of my\\nproperty, of more than one hundred thousand dollars, at the least valuation and\\non the other, not wherewithal to pay an interpreter. And I find that letters are\\nstill addressed to me, as agent for his Catholic Majesty, when I have some time\\nago renounced the pittance that was allowed, as being a consideration dis-\\ngraceful to my station. If they want my services, why is not a regular estab-\\nlishment made, as was done by the English, with a competent salary affixed,\\nand allowance for two interpreters, one among the Tipper and one among the\\nLower towns for hitherto, I have had to maintain them myself. Or shall I have\\nrecourse to my American estate to maintain them and myself? I wish you to\\nadvise me what I had best do.\\nAlthough I have no solid ground to hope for a complete adjustment of our dis-\\npute with the Americans, I am resolved to go. if it is only to wipe off the sugges-\\ntion made to me by our friends, that I am actuated by unjust motives and an un-\\nreasonable prejudice against the Americans, as the ground of hostility\\nagainst them. But if they, on the other hand, should find a body of people\\napproaching their mines, would not they say, What business have you\\nhere 1 Do you know that there are grounds from which we draw the chief\\nsource of our conveniences and happiness, and we cannot suffer you to partici-\\npate in, or deprive us of them And should these encroachers refuse to withdraw,\\nwould they not commence and support an inveterate hostility, until they should\\nexpel them\\nu The fellow, Romain, whom Madame Villar writes of, was a great liar. He\\ncame here from the Choctaws with a quantity of silver ware and a few goods,\\nand wanted Nick White to join him in purchasing negroes, to carry and sell in\\nNew-Orleans. After roving about for some time, he had a difference with\\nMilfort,* who threatened to send him in irons to New-Orleans, which terrified\\nhim, apparently, and he went off to the Creek Town, Chehaw, and from thence\\neither to Detroit or to the States.\\nA copy of this letter you can send to the Miro, as I intended the\\nformer one.\\nI expect our treaty will be over by the middle of September. If we return\\nsafe, expect a visit early in October from,\\nDear sir, yours most truly,\\nAlexander McGillivray.\\nu To William Panto n, Pensacola.\\nA French officer who lived in the nation.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "160 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nOn the 20th of Sept., 1789, Gen. Benjamin Lincoln, David Hum-\\nphreys, Cyrus Griffin, Commissioners associated with Gen. Pickens,\\narrived at the Rock Landing on the Oconee, on the western bank of\\nwhich McGillivray, with 2,000 warriors, had been encamped for more\\nthan a week. The arrival of the Commissioners was communicated\\nto McGillivray, and at the time appointed, they attended to the\\nceremony of the black drink, and were conducted to the great square\\nof the encampment by all the kings, chiefs, and warriors.\\nAfter a talk by the Commissioners, a copy of the draft of a treaty\\nwas presented to them, after which McGillivray and his chiefs had a\\nprivate council, and the next day the Commissioners were informed\\nby him that the treaty proposed was not satisfactory, and that the\\nIndians were resolved to return home. Efforts were made to induce\\nhim to remain but he refused to do so, broke up his encampment,\\nand retired to the Ocmulgee, from whence he addressed the Com-\\nmissioners a letter, in which he stated that his retreat was entirely\\nowing to the want of food for the horses of the Indians that, finding\\nthat a restitution of territory and hunting-grounds was not the basis\\nof a treaty, he resolved to return to his nation, deferring the matter\\nin full peace until next spring.\\nWhen Washington heard of this result, at first he felt a disposition\\nto wage war against the Creeks but upon ascertaining that such a\\nwar would cost an immense sum, he abandoned this idea, and deter-\\nmined, if possible, to induce McGillivray to visit him, believing that\\na negotiation in this way might be effected.\\nAccordingly, he dispatched Col. Marinus Willett as a secret agent\\nto the Creeks, and to return, if possible, with McGillivray to the Seat\\nof Government. Col. Willett left New- York, arrived in Charleston,\\nand after a few days, set out for the residence of Gen. Pickens. Ob-\\ntaining from this gentleman an Indian guide, he started upon his\\nmission, and, after a fatiguing journey, he met McGillivray, to whom\\nhe delivered the letters of Washington. He spent several days with\\nhim, and then met the chiefs, to whom he announced his mission,\\nand requested McGillivray, and such chiefs as might be selected, to\\naccompany him to New-York, where Washington would make a\\ntreaty with them as strong as the hills, and lasting as the rivers.\\nIn an hour after this council, Col. Willett was informed that the In-\\ndians had agreed that McGillivray and other chiefs should accompany\\nhim to New- York.\\nOn the 1st of June, 1790, Col. McGillivray, with his nephew and\\ntwo servants, with Col. Willett, departed for the seat of the Federal\\nGovernment. Afterwards they were joined by the Tallase King,\\nChinnobe, and twenty-six warriors.\\nWhen the company arrived at Guilford Court-House, in North\\nCarolina, Mrs. Brown, whose husband had a few years before been\\nkilled by the Creeks, and herself and children carried to their nation,\\nand whose ransom had been effected by McGillivray, and to whose\\nsupport he had contributed for more than a year, learning his arrival,\\nrushed through the crowd assembled to see the Great Chief, and with", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "ALEXANDER MCGILLIVRAY. 161\\ntears expressed to him her gratitude for the preservation of her life and\\nthat of her children. In the different places through which they\\npassed, the cavalcade was treated with much attention. When they\\nreached New- York, the Tammany Society received them, and es-\\ncorted them to the house of Washington, by whom they were enter-\\ntained with much pomp and ceremony.\\nLearning that McGillivray was willing to make a treaty, Hon.\\nHenry Knox was appointed to negotiate with him, and the treaty\\nwas concluded.\\nThere was, however, a secret treaty between McGillivray and\\nWashington, which has recently come to light. It provided that,\\nafter two years from date, the commerce of the Creek Nation should\\nbe carried on through the ports of the United States, and, in the\\nmeantime, through the present channels that the chiefs of the\\nOcfuskees, Tookabatchas, Tallases, Cowetas, Cussetas, and the\\nSeminole Nation, should be paid annually by the United States one\\nhundred dollars each, and be furnished with handsome medals that\\nAlexander McGillivray should be constituted agent of the United States,\\nwith the rank of brigadier-general, and the pay of twelve hundred\\ndollars per annum that the United States should feed, clothe, and\\neducate Creek youth at the North, not exceeding four at one\\ntime.* t\\nIn 1791, McGillivray began to lose his popularity among the\\nCreeks. William Augustus Bowles, whose history is given on pages\\n163, 164, of this work, denounced McGillivray as a traitor. Aided\\nby his emissaries, Bowles persuaded many of the Creeks to believe\\nthat he had sold them first to the Spanish Government, and after-\\nwards to the Federal Government. His situation became embar-\\nrassing. The Spanish Government was displeased with him, the In-\\ndians were dissatisfied with the treaty at New-York, and the Federal\\nGovernment called upon him to observe the articles of the\\ntreaty.\\nIn November, he made frequent visits to New-Orleans, Mobile,\\nand Pensacola, and, before he returned to the nation, he succeeded in\\nhaving Bowles captured, and sent to Madrid.\\nAt this time, the Government of the United States began to lose\\nconfidence in him. Many believed that he was acting secretly against\\nthe American interest. It was proved that the King of Spain had\\nmade him Superintendent-General of the Creeks, with a salary of\\ntwo thousand dollars per annum, and that this amount was afterwards\\nincreased with fifteen hundred dollars. He was at this time, with a\\nsalary of thirty-five hundred dollars, the agent of the United States the\\nagent of Spain, with a salary of twelve hundred dollars the co-partner\\nof Panton, and the emperor of the Creek and Seminole Nations.\\nMr. Pickett says that among a file of papers placed in his hands, he found the Secret\\nTreaty, written upon sheep-skin, and signed by Washington, Knox, McGillivray, and\\nthe chiefs.\\nt Many of the facts stated in the above article are from Pickett s History of Alabama\\nand Georgia, and American State Papers.\\n11", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "102 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nDuring the summer and fall of 1792, General McGillivray secretly\\ncaused large meetings to be held over the Creek and Cherokee Na-\\ntions, at which he appeared to be only a visitor, while Panton and\\nCaptain Oliver, in speeches, forbid the running of the line between\\nthem and the Georgians, in the name of the King of Spain, and de-\\ncreed that no American trader should enter the nation. Governor\\nCarondelct was also active in endeavouring to defeat the provisions\\nof the New-York treaty. He sent to the Creek Nation a large body\\nof bloody Shawnees, armed and equipped, who took up their abode at\\nSouvanoga, upon the Tallapoosa. McGillivray moved his negroes to\\nLittle River, gave up his house to Captain Oliver, whom he had so well\\nestablished in the affections of his people. The Spaniards not only\\nhad in view the prevention of the advancement of the Americans on\\nthe east, but determined to oppose the settlements upon the Missis-\\nsippi to effect all of which, they attempted to unite the four nations\\nof Indians on their side. They strengthened all their forts, and au-\\nthorized Captain John Linder, of Tensaw, and other active partisans,\\nto raise volunteers. Carondelet gave Richard Finnelson and Joseph\\nDurque passports, to go through the Spanish posts, to the Cherokee\\nNation, as emissaries, to incite those Indians to make war upon the\\nCumberland people. There was, suddenly, great excitement pro-\\nduced over the whole Indian country. One chief declared, at Wills-\\ntown, that he had taken the lives of three hundred Americans, but\\nthat now he intended to drink his fill of blood. During all this time,\\nMcGillivray, and the federal authorities at Rock Landing, were en-\\ngaged in fruitless correspondence, and every thing conspired to de-\\nfeat the hopes of Washington.\\nMcGillivray s career was, however, drawing to a close. He had\\nbeen in bad health for several years, and on the 17th of February,\\n1793, he departed this life, leaving considerable property. He was\\ninterred with Masonic honours, in the city of Pensacola. His death\\nproduced deep sorrow and regret among the Indians. The great\\nchieftain, who had so long been their pride, and who had elevated\\ntheir nation, and sustained it in its trials, now lay buried in the sands\\nof the Seminoles.\\nGeneral McGillivray was six feet high, spare made, and remark-\\nably erect in person and carriage. His eyes were large, dark, and\\npiercing. His forehead was so peculiarly shaped, that the old Indian\\ncountrymen often spoke of it it commenced expanding at his eyes,\\nand widened considerably at the top of his head. It was a bold and\\nlofty forehead. His fingers were long and tapering, and he wielded\\na pen with the greatest rapidity. His face was handsome, and indi-\\ncative of quick thought and much sagacity. Unless interested in\\nconversation, he was disposed to be taciturn, but, even then, was\\npolite and respectful. When a British colonel, he dressed in the\\nBritish uniform and when in the Spanish service, he wore the mili-\\ntary dress of that country. When Washington appointed him a\\nbrigadier-general, he sometimes wore the uniform of the American\\narmy, but never when in the presence of the Spaniards. His usual", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "GENERAL WILLIAM AUGUSTUS BOWLES. 163\\ndress was a mixture of the Indian and American garb. He always\\ntravelled with two servants, David Francis, a half-breed, and Paro,\\na negro, who saved the lives of over a hundred royalists, in 1781.\\nHe had good houses at the Hickory Ground, and at Little Tallase,\\nwhere he entertained, free of charge, distinguished government agents,\\nand persons travelling through his extensive dominions.*\\nGENERAL WILLIAM AUGUSTUS BOWLES.\\nAs much of the embarrassments which Georgia experienced in\\nsettling the difficulties connected with the Creek Indians, imme-\\ndiately after the Revolution, arose from the interference of the man\\nwhose name is placed at the head of this article, we have concluded\\nto give our readers a short account of his life, chiefly derived from a\\npamphlet published many years since.\\nGeneral William Augustus Bowles was born in Frederick County,\\nMaryland, in the year 1764. During the American Revolution, he\\njoined the British army, in which he soon obtained a commission.\\nAfter the battle of Monmouth, he sailed, with his regiment, to Ja-\\nmaica, and from thence to Pensacola. At the latter place, in conse-\\nquence of some neglect, he w T as deprived of his commission, and dis-\\nmissed from the army.\\nA party of Creeks having come to Pensacola for the purpose of\\nreceiving their annual presents, being on their return to their nation,\\nBowles concluded to join them, and accordingly accompanied them\\nto their home. Here he resided for some time, during which he\\nmade great proficiency in the Indian language, and married the\\ndaughter of one of the chiefs. On the 9th of May, 1781, when Pen-\\nsacola surrendered to the arms of Spain, Bowles commanded the\\nCreek Indians, whom he had brought there to assist the English.\\nHis services upon that occasion were acknowledged by the com-\\nmander of the British army, and he was reinstated in his former rank.\\nAfter the surrender of West Florida to Spain, he was allowed to\\nretire with the garrison to New- York, where he joined a company of\\nplayers, and then sailed for the Bahama Islands. Here he remained\\nsome months, following the profession of a comedian, as well as that\\nof a portrait painter, thus exhibiting the versatility of his talents.\\nThe Governor of the Bahamas, Lord Dunmore, appointed Bowles as\\nan agent to establish a trading house among the Creeks. He returned\\nto the nation, and established a commercial house upon the Chattahoo-\\nchee but it was of short duration, for Colonel McGillivray sent him\\nword to abandon the enterprise, and leave the country in twenty-four\\nhours, on pain of being deprived of his ears. He fled to New Provi-\\ndence, and from thence was sent to England, for the purpose of asking\\naid to enable him to repel the aggressions of the Americans. His\\nPickett.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "164 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\napplications were successful, and he returned to America; and having\\ntaught his warriors the art of navigating the Gulf of Mexico, he\\nbegan a system of piracy upon the vessels of Panton, an Indian\\nmerchant, against whom he had long entertained the most inveterate\\nhostility. His success in piratical enterprises, and other circum-\\nstances, gained him great popularity among the Creeks, and he was\\nelected commander-in-chief of their armies. For along time Bowles\\ncontinued to annoy Georgia, doing every thing in his power to pre-\\nvent the settlement of her difficulties with the Indians. He denounced\\nColonel McGillivray as a traitor, and exerted his utmost power to\\nprejudice the Indians against him. In 1792 he was taken prisoner\\nby the Spaniards, and sent to Madrid. The Spanish government\\nendeavoured to conciliate him, but was unsuccessful, and he was finally\\nsent to the island of Manilla, from whence he made his escape, and,\\nafter various fortunes, obtained a schooner, in which he navigated the\\nGulf and seized many Spanish vessels. After this he proceeded to\\nthe Creek Nation, interfered seriously with the policy of Colonel\\nHawkins, and captured the fort at St. Marks. At a feast given by\\nthe Indians, to which he had been invited, he was made a prisoner,\\naccording to a preconcerted plan, by Colonel Hawkins and the\\nSpanish authorities, who placed him in a canoe full of armed war-\\nriors. They then rapidly rowed down the river. Col. Hawkins and\\nJohn Forbes, of Pensacola, were in the town, but were concealed, until\\nSam McNac, a half-breed, had caused Bowles to be made a prisoner.\\nArriving at a point in the present Dallas County, Alabama, the canoe\\nw T as tied up, the prisoner conducted upon the bank, and a guard set\\nover him. In the night the guard fell asleep, when Bowles gnawed his\\nropes apart, crept down the bank, got into the canoe, quietly paddled\\nacross the river, entered a thick cane swamp, and fled. At the break\\nof day, the astonished Indians arose in great confusion, but fortunately\\nsaw the canoe on the opposite side, which Bowles had foolishly neg-\\nlected to shove off. Swimming over to that point, they got upon his\\ntrack, and by the middle of the day once more made him a prisoner.\\nHe was conveyed to Mobile, and from thence to Havana, wiiere,\\nafter a few years, he died in the dungeons of Moro Castle.*\\nPickett.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "HO-I O-ETH-LE-YO-HO-LO.\\n165\\nHO-PO-ETH-LE-YO-HO-LO,\\nA CREEK CHIEF.\\nThe Creek Nation was\\ndivided into the upper and\\nlower towns, over which\\nihe Big Warrior was chief,\\nunder whom Ho-po-eth-\\nle-yo-ho-lo held the rank\\nof principal councillor, or\\nspeaker of the councils.\\nHis influence was so great,\\nthat the questions submit-\\nted to the council were gen-\\nerally decided according to\\nhis will. The great coun-\\ncil-house of the upper towns\\nwas at Tuckabatchee,\\nwhere the Big Warrior re-\\nsided, and near which was\\nthe residence of Ho-po-eth-\\nle-yo-ho-lo.\\nOf the youth of Ho-\\npo-eth-le-yo-ho-lo little is\\nknown, except that he was\\nregarded as a youth of\\npromise. The first public\\nservice which he rendered\\nwas at the council at the\\nIndian Springs, to which he\\nwas sent to counteract the\\ninfluence of Mcintosh. It is said he executed his mission with great\\nfidelity.\\nDuring the contest between the United States and the Seminoles, in\\n1836, Saugahatchee, one of the towns of Ho-po-eth-le-yo-ho-lo district,\\nwas the first to revolt. The warriors rushed out and murdered all the\\ntravellers who fell in their way. Upon hearing this intelligence, Ho-\\npo-eth-le-yo-ho-lo immediately placed himself at the head of the war-\\nriors of his own town, marched upon the insurgents, burned their\\nvillage, and having captured some of their men, delivered them over\\nto the military, by whom they were imprisoned at the request of\\nGovernor Clay, of Alabama, he called a council of his warriors, and\\nproposed to lead them against the hostile Creeks. Within five days\\nthey were encamped at Tallahassee, the then head-quarters of Major-\\nGeneral Jesup, to whom a formal tender of their services was made,\\nwhich were accepted, and Ho-po-eth-le-yo-ho-lo appointed com-\\nmander of the w T hole Indian force, with the rank of colonel.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "166\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nThe army was marched to Hatcheehubbee, but the hostiles sur-\\nrendered. He continued to be opposed to the last to emigration. In\\n1834 or 35 he went to Texas, and purchased a large tract of land for\\n$80,000; but the Mexicans being jealous of him, and some doubts as\\nto the validity of the title existing, his intention was abandoned, with\\nthe loss of $20,000. It is believed that he had but one wife. Two\\nof his daughters are said to have been beautiful.\\nTIMPOOCHEE BARNARD,\\nA UCHEE WARRIOR,\\nWas the son of an\\nUchee woman. His fa-\\nther was Timothy Bar-\\nnard, a Scotchman, first\\nknown in public life in\\n1814, when he took part\\nwith the Americans a-\\ngainst the hostile Creeks,\\nand commanded one hun-\\ndred Uchees, with the\\ncommission of major.\\nHe was in the battle at\\nCallabee under General\\nFloyd, and distinguished\\nhimself for his bravery.\\nHe took part in several\\nengagements, and was\\ntwice wounded. On the\\nreturn of peace he re-\\njoined his family near the\\nCreek agency on Flint\\nRiver. His children were\\nconsidered the handsomest in the Creek Nation.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "MAJOR RIDGE.\\n167\\nMAJOR RIDGE.\\nIn infancy, the subject\\nof this notice was called\\nNung-noh-hut-tar-hee, or\\nhe who slays the enemy in\\nthe path. After attaining\\nthe age of a hunter, he was\\nasked, Which way did you\\ncome into camp and he\\nanswered, I came along\\nthe top of the mountain.\\nThis answer being often\\nrepeated, he was called\\nKah-nung-da-ha-geh, or\\nthe man who walks on the\\nmountain s top. We are\\nnot able to state precisely\\nthe date of his birth, pro-\\nbably about 1771, at a town\\ncalled Highwassee. His\\nfather was a full-blooded Cherokee, and his mother a Cherokee\\nwoman, of half-breed. From his earliest infancy, he was inured\\nto patience, fatigue, and self-denial, and upon his reaching the re\\nquired age, was initiated into the duties of a warrior, with proper\\nsolemnities. When fourteen years old, he joined a war party\\nagainst the Americans, at Cheestooyee, and afterwards a large party\\nagainst Knoxville, in Tennessee. At the age of twenty-one, he was\\nselected as a member of the Cherokee Council. At this time he had\\nno property but the clothes he wore, some silver ornaments, and a\\nwhite pony, stunted, old and ugly, on which he rode to the Council\\nthe members of which observing his mean appearance, ridiculed\\nhim, and proposed to exclude him from their deliberations. At first,\\nhe merely listened but at the second Council he proposed many use-\\nful laws. He gradually won the confidence of the Cherokees, and\\nfinally became one of the first men in the nation. At the battle of\\nthe Horse Shoe, under Gen. Jackson, he greatly distinguished him-\\nself. He emigrated to the West with his tribe, and was afterwards\\nmurdered, as it was believed, by the emissaries of that portion of tbe\\nCherokees opposed to emigration.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "168\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nJOHN RIDGE, A CHEROKEE CHIEF,\\nWas the son of Major Ridge, and the second, of five children.\\nHe was first put to school to the Rev. Mr. Gambold. and lady,\\nMoravian missionaries at Spring Place afterwards he was sent to\\nBrainard, then to Knoxville, Tennessee, and finally to the Foreign\\nMission School in Connecticut, where he acquired the essential parts\\nof a good education. After an engagement of two years, he married\\nMiss Northrop.\\nOn his return home, he commenced his career as a public man.\\nAt this time the Cherokees were attempting to form an independent\\ngovernment, and to the promotion of this object, Mr. Ridge employed\\nall his energies. He accompanied various delegations to Washington,\\nand acted as interpreter, secretary, agent, c. The particulars of\\nhis death are given on a previous page. ^lj", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "PADDY CARR.\\n161\\nPADDY CARR, A CREEK INTERPRETER,\\nWas the son of an Irishman, who married a Creek woman, and\\nwas born near Fort Mitchell. In his infancy he was taken into the\\nfamily of Colonel Crowell, and brought up in the habits of civilized\\nlife. In 1826, he accompanied the delegation headed by Ho-po-eth~\\nle-yo-ho-lo to Washington City, in the capacity of interpreter. He is\\nsaid to have been a most excellent interpreter.\\nSoon after his return from Washington, he married the daughter\\nof Colonel Lovett, a respectable half-breed, and engaged in trade.\\nIn 1836, he took the side of the United States Government, and at-\\ntended General Jesup as guide and interpreter. With the army he\\nwas a great favourite. When the Creeks revolted, he marched to\\nFlorida at the head of five hundred warriors.\\nCan* delighted in fine horses, and had a great passion for racing.\\nIn 1837, he owned seventy or eighty slaves, besides landed property.\\nHe had three wives, one of whom was the daughter of General\\nWilliam Mcintosh. The two first born of his children were girls\\nand Capt. Crowell, the son of his early benefactor, having a daughter\\nnamed Ariadne, he called one of his daughters A?i, and the other\\nA dne.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "170\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nGENERAL WILLIAM McINTOSH.\\nGeneral William McIntosh\\nwas a half-breed of the Mus-\\ncogee or Creek Nation, and was\\nborn at Coweta.\\nHis father was Capt. William\\nMcintosh, a Scotchman his\\nmother a native, of unmixed\\nblood.\\nOf the early life of Mcintosh\\nvery little is known. He was\\nintelligent and brave. In per-\\nson he was tall, finely formed,\\nand of graceful and commanding\\nmanners.\\nThe first notice we have of\\nhim is after his junction with\\nthe American forces in 1812.\\nGen. Floyd speaks highly of\\nhim in his report of the battle of\\nAutossee. Gen, Jackson speaks\\nof him as Major Mcintosh. He\\ndistinguished himself in the\\nbattle of the Horse Shoe. He\\nalso signalized himself in the\\nFlorida campaign by various acts\\nof gallantry. His connection\\nwith the treaty at the Indian\\nSprings is given in our article on\\nthe Creek difficulties, beginning\\non page 128.\\nWe are indebted to Colonel\\nAlfred J. Pickett, author of the\\nHistory of Alabama and Georgia,\\nfor the following interesting\\nparticulars connected with the death of Gen. Mcintosh\\nMontgomery, Sept. 13^, 1853.\\nDear Sir, In September, 1847,1 arrived at the town of Dudley-\\nville, in the county of Tallapoosa, State of Alabama. I found in that\\nplace an aged person named James Moore, whom the Creek Indians,\\namong whom he had lived for the period of fifty years, familiarly\\ncalled Jimmy Tawny, on account of his sallow complexion. I de-\\nsired to consult him in relation to the killing of General William Mc-\\nintosh, having heard that his son-in-law, James Hutton, had accom-\\npanied the Indians who committed the deed.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0192.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "GENERAL WILLIAM M lNTOSH. 171\\nThe memory of James Moore was good, although he had reached\\nthe age of seventy-eight, and the following is the account he gave me,\\nhaving a perfect knowledge of all the facts, for a portion of the Indians\\nwho killed Mcintosh marched from the Indian village in which he was\\nthen living. He saw them when they started on the expedition, and\\non their return from it.\\nHe stated that the Ocfuskees* and the Tookabatchast had become\\nindignant in consequence of the sale of much of the Creek territory,\\nwhich General William Mcintosh had made with the Georgians, and\\nthey had determined to make him answer for his treachery by the\\nforfeiture of his life At that time, the Big Warrior was the chief of\\nthe Great Muscogee Confederacy, and one of his chief counsellors was\\nthe gifted Ho-po-eth-le-yo-ho-lo. A secret council resulted in the selec-\\ntion of the bravest warriors of the nation to consummate the killing.\\nHo-po-eth-le-yo-ho-lo gave them minute instructions how they were to\\nmarch, where they were to camp, and how they were to take the life\\nof Mcintosh. The party consisted of one hundred and seventy men,\\none half of whom were from the town of Ocfuskee, led by Manowa,\\nan old fighter who had encountered Jackson at the battle of the Horse\\nShoe, and the other half from the town of Tookatacha, commande d\\nby Tuskehadjo, with whom went Ho-po-eth-le-yo-ho-lo, ostensibly as a\\nprivate. They marched on foot, one before the other, in the most cau-\\ntious and noiseless manner. The route lay across the country from the\\nTallapoosa River to the Chattahoochee, and their destination was the\\nresidence of General Mcintosh, situated upon the bank of the latter\\nstream. Arriving within the neighbourhood of that place towards the.\\nclose of the second day, the party observed, from a concealed position\\ntwo persons, riding along a trail. One of these proved to be Genera-\\nMcintosh, and the other his son-in-law, Hawkins. They could have-\\nbeen easily killed, but their lives were spared for the moment to pre\\nserve a consistency so common in all the plans of the Indians. They\\nhad determined to kill Mcintosh in his own yard, in the presence of\\nhis family, and to let his blood run upon the soil of that Reserva-\\ntion which the Georgians had secured to him in the treaty which he\\nhad made with them.\\nPursuing their way for a short distance, but still in view of the\\nparty, Mcintosh bid Hawkins good evening, wheeled his horse round,\\nand rode back on the trail towards his residence and, although then\\nalone, the Indians declined to kill him. Hawkins, who had been to\\npay his father-in-law a visit, continued to ride homeward. The un-\\nconscious and ill-fated Mcintosh rode on to his own residence, and as\\nhe disappeared from the observation of his murderers, smiles and\\nfrowns alternately played upon their savage faces, knowing that they\\nhad him in their power. The first duty was to secure a supply of fat\\nlightwood, which, being nicely split, and tied in bundles, was placed\\nupon the backs of three stout warriors.\\nOfuskee. a Creek town on the Tallapoosa River.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0f Tookabatcha, the capital of the Creek Confederacy, also situated on the Tallapoost\\nRiver-", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0193.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "172 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nThe expedition remained in the woods until the hour of three\\no clock in the morning, secreted within half a mile of the house. I\\nhave mentioned that James Hutton, the son-in-law of the person who\\ngave me this account, was one of this expedition, and he was taken along\\nas an interpreter to converse with any Americans who might be at Mcin-\\ntosh s house. He was instructed to assure them that neither their\\npersons nor property would be disturbed a wise arrangement, for as\\nthis was a public house, it was usually filled with American travellers,\\nwho were exploring the new lands, or who roamed over the nation to\\ngratify a curiosity not then uncommon. Travellers were usual lv\\nlodged in an outhouse in the yard, and thither Hutton and two Indi-\\nans repaired.\\nThey found a pedler in one bed, and Chilly Mcintosh, the son of\\nthe General, in another. The latter instantly sprang to his feet,\\njumped out at a window, and, as he ran off, several guns were dis-\\ncharged at him without effect. He made his way to the river, in\\nwhich he plunged, and, gaining the opposite side, effected his escape.\\nThe pedler, who was operated upon by the double fear of losing his\\nlife and his wares, was a most wretched man, until assured by Hut-\\nton that neither would be disturbed. His goods were removed into\\nthe yard, and the house in which he had slept was soon in flames\\nIn the meantime, the principal body of the assailants had surrounded\\nthe main building, and the light wood being immediately kindled,\\ntorches were applied to the sides, and under it. The flames threw a\\nbright light over the yard, and exhibited to the astonished family of\\nMcintosh the approaching conflagration of the houses, and the hide-\\nous forms of those who were to murder him. They frequently\\nshouted with much exultation, Mcintosh, we have come, we have\\ncome. We told you, if you sold the land to the Georgians, we would\\ncome.\\nMcintosh, upon the first discovery of the assailants, had barricaded\\nhis front door, and stood near it when it was forced. He fired on\\nthem, and, at that moment, one of his steadfast friends, Toma Tusti-\\nnugee, fell lifeless upon the threshold. His body was riddled with\\nballs. Mcintosh then retreated to the second story, with four guns\\nin his hand, which he continued to discharge from a window. He\\nfought with great courage, and, aware that his end was near, deter-\\nmined to sell his life as dear as possible. He was at this time the\\nonly occupant of the burning house, for his two wives, Peggy and\\nSusannah, who had been dragged into the yard, were heard implor-\\ning the savages not to burn him up, but to get him out of the house,\\nand shoot him, as he was a brave man, and an Indian like them-\\nselves. Mcintosh now came down to the first story, and was received\\nwith salutes of the rifle, until, being pierced with many balls, he fell\\nto the floor, was seized by the legs, and dragged down the steps to\\nthe ground. While lying in the yard, and while the blood was gush-\\ning from his wounds, he raised himself on one arm, and surveyed his\\nmurderers with looks of defiance. At that moment, an Ocfuskee\\nIjiidian plunged a long knife, to the hilt, in the direction of his heart.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0194.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "GENERAL WILLIAM M INTOSH. 1/3\\nHe brought a long breath, and expired. The party, after this,\\nplundered the houses, killed the stock, and committed other depreda-\\ntions, as described in the public papers of that day.\\nOn the evening when Mcintosh took leave of Hawkins upon the\\ntrail, the latter continued to his residence, as related. He was fol-\\nlowed by chosen warriors, who were instructed to make him a pri-\\nsoner that night. His house was on one of the branches of the Tal-\\nlapoosa, which the Indians surrounded just before the break of day.\\nThey ordered him to come out. He refused but, after defending\\nhimself to no purpose, was secured with ropes, and kept alive until\\nthe fate of Mcintosh became known then he was killed, and his\\nbody thrown into the river. The Indians marched back to the Tal-\\nlapoosa with the scalps of these men.\\nThat of Mcintosh, which was suspended upon a pole in the public\\nsquare of Ocfuskee, was the spectacle for old and young, who danced\\naround it, with shouts of joy.\\nIn the second volume of the History of Alabama, a chapter of\\nwhich has been devoted to incidents in the lives of the Mcintosh fam-\\nily, I have stated, that General William Mcintosh was the son of\\nOld Rory Mcintosh. When 1 wrote the chapter, I had some\\ndoubts upon that point, and corresponded with Governor Troup, who\\nis a cousin of the Indian Mcintosh, to know if I was correct. His\\nreply, unfortunately, reached me not in time to make the correction,\\nand the book was published with the error. Governor Troup had an\\nuncle, Captain William Mcintosh, a British officer, who, before the\\nRevolutionary War, was frequently upon the Chattahoochee. This\\ngentleman was the father of General William Mcintosh.* Having\\nbeen thrown into the society of the more polished of our people, and\\nhaving been the associate of our officers in the war of our Southern\\nborders, he had acquired all the manners, and much of the polish, of\\na gentleman. At his death, he was perhaps over forty years of age.\\nVery respectfully,\\nA.J. Pickett.\\nSee History of the Indian Tribes of North America, by Thomas L. M Kenney, late\\nof the Indian Department, Washington, and James Hall, of Cincinnati, from which\\nmany of the facts related in our Indian sketches have been derived.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0195.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "174\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEOKiJIA.\\nTUSTENNUGGEE EMATHLA,\\nA CREEK WARRIOR,\\nWas a full-blooded Creek, and was born on the Tallapoosa River\\nabout the year iTiW. He was familiarly known by the name of Jim\\nBoy, bul was properly entitled to thai which we have placed at the\\nhead of this article Tustennuggee, meaning warrior, and Emathla,\\nwhich signifies next to the warrior. hen the war broke out, in\\n1 81 1 between the Creeks and Americans, he was too young to wield\\nthe tomahawk, but was permitted to follow the warriors. When the\\nCreeks became divided into two parties, one of whom was friendly\\nto the Americans, and the other hostile, and unwilling to emigrate,\\nTustennuggee Emathla attached himself to the former party. In\\nthe Florida war. he rendered important services. His family, con-\\nsisting oi a wife and nine children, were among the unfortunate per-\\nsons who were on board the steamboat Monmouth when that vessel\\nsunk, and two hundred and thirty-six oi the Creeks, including four\\nof the children of Tustennuggee Emathla, were drowned.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0196.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "kpnfal Sketches\\nGOVERNORS OF GEORGIA,\\nFROM 1733 TO 1855.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0197.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0198.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0199.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "GEN. O G L E T II O R V E", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0200.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "GENERAL OGLETHORPE. 177\\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.\\nGENERAL JAMES EDWARD OGLETHORPE.\\nIn this work the reader will find, many particulars connected with\\nthe life of Oglethorpe, and therefore in the present article a few items\\nonly are given.\\nThe founder of the Colony of Georgia was the son of Sir Theo-\\nphilus Oglethorpe, and was born in London, on the 21st of December,\\n1688. At the age of sixteen he was admitted a student of Corpus\\nChristi College, but he did not finish his studies, the military pro-\\nfession having more charms for him than literary pursuits. His first\\ncommission was that of Ensign. After the death of Queen Anne, he\\nentered into the service of Prince Eugene. When twenty-four years\\nof age he was brought into Parliament, and continued a member for\\nthirty-two years. In November, 1732, Oglethorpe, with one hundred\\nand sixteen settlers, embarked for Georgia, and on the 13th of January,\\n1733, the ship dropped anchor outside of the bar at the port of Charles-\\ntown, South Carolina. By the Governor he was received with the\\ngreatest kindness. A few days afterwards he proceeded on his\\nvoyage, and arrived at Yamacraw, where he marked out a town,\\nand called it Savannah. After he had placed his colony in as good\\na situation as circumstances would allow, he secured the good-will of\\nthe Indians. He continued to take a deep interest in the prosperity\\nof the Colony for many years. In 1743 he left Georgia for England,\\nto answer charges brought against him by Lieutenant-Colonel Cook.\\nA court-martial declared the charges groundless and malicious, and\\nCook was dismissed from the service. In 1744 he was appointed one\\nof the field-officers under Field-Marshal the Earl of Stair, to oppose\\nthe expected invasion of France. General Oglethorpe died on the\\n1st of July, 1785. On a mural tablet of white marble, in the chancel\\nof Cranham Church, is the following inscription\\nNear this place lie the remains of\\nJAMES EDWARD OGLETHORPE, Esq.,\\nwho served under Prince Eugene,\\nand in 1714 was Captain Lieutenant in the\\nfirst troop of the Queen s Guards.\\nIn 1740 he was appointed Colonel of a Regiment\\nto be raised for Georgia.\\nIn 1745 he was appointed Major-General;\\nin 1747, Lieutenant-General; and\\nin 1760, General of His Majesty s forces.\\n12", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0201.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "178 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nIn his civil station,\\nhe was very early conspicuous.\\nHe was chosen Member of Parliament\\nfor Haslemere, in Surrey, in 1722,\\nand continued to represent it till 1754.\\nIn the Committee of Parliament,\\nfor inquiring into the state of the jails,\\nformed 25th of February, 1728,\\nand of which he was Chairman,\\nthe active and persevering zeal of his benevolence\\nfound a truly suitable employment,\\nby visiting, with his colleagues of that generous body,\\nthe dark and pestilential dungeons of the Prisons,\\nwhich at that time dishonoured the metropolis;\\ndetecting the most enormous oppressions;\\nobtaining exemplary punishment on those who had been\\nguilty of such outrage against humanity and justice\\nand redressing multitudes from extreme misery\\nto light and freedom.\\nOf these, about seven hundred, rendered, by long confinement for debt, strangers\\nand helpless in the country of their birth, and desirous of seeking an asylum in\\nthe wilds of America, were by him conducted thither in 1732.\\nHe willingly encountered in their behalf\\na variety of fatigue and danger,\\nand thus became the founder of\\nthe Colony of Georgia;\\na Colony which afterwards set the noble example\\nof prohibiting the importation of slaves.\\nThis new establishment\\nhe strenuously and successfully defended\\nagainst a powerful attack of the Spaniards.\\nIn the year in which he quitted England\\nto found this settlement,\\nhe nobly strove to secure\\nour true national defence by sea and land\\na free navy\\nwithout impressing a constitutional militia.\\nBut his social affections were more enlarged\\nthan even the term Patriotism can express\\nhe was the friend of the oppressed negro,\\nno part of the globe was too remote,\\nno interest too unconnected,\\nor too much opposed to his own,\\nto prevent the immediate succour of suffering humanity.\\nFor such qualities he received,\\nfrom the ever memorable John, Duke of Argyle,", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0202.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "GENERAL OGLETHORPE. 179\\na full testimony, in the British Senate,\\nto his military character,\\nhis natural generosity,\\nhis contempt of danger,\\nand regard for the Public.\\nA similar encomium is perpetuated in a foreign language j*\\nand. by one of our most celebrated Poets,\\nhis remembrance is transmitted to posterity\\nin lines justly expressive of\\nthe purity, the ardour, and the extent of his benevolence.\\nHe lived till the 1st of July, 1785;\\na venerable instance to what a duration\\na life of temperance and virtuous labour\\nis capable of being protracted.\\nHis widow, Elisabeth,\\ndaughter of Sir Nathan Wright, of Cranham Hall, Bart.,\\nand only sister and heiress of Sir Samuel Wright, Bart.,\\nof the same place,\\nsurviving, with regret,\\nbut with due submission to Divine Providence,\\nan affectionate husband,\\nafter an union of more than forty years,\\nhath inscribed to his memory\\nthese faint traces of his excellent character.\\nReligion watches e er his urn,\\nAnd all the virtues bending mourn,\\nHumanity, with languid eye,\\nMelting for others 7 misery\\nPrudence, whose hands a measure hold,\\nAnd Temperance, with a chain of gold\\nFidelity s triumphant vest,\\nAnd Fortitude in armour drest;\\nWisdom s gray locks, and Freedom, join\\nThe moral train to bless his shrine,\\nAnd pensive all, around his ashes holy,\\nTheir last sad honours pay in order melancholy. -f\\nReferring to the encomium of the Abbe Raynal, in his Histoire Philosophique et\\nPolitique.\\nt Spalding s Life of Oglethorpe, and Harris s Memorials of Oglethorpe, maybe consulted\\nby those desirous of having a full account of the founder of Georgia.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0203.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "180 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nWILLIAM STEPHENS.\\nWilliam Stephens was the son of Sir William Stephens, Baronet,\\nLieutenant-Governor of the Isle-of- Wight, at which place he was\\nborn, January 28th, 1671, 0. S. When a boy, he was remarkable for\\nhis amiable disposition. The rudiments of education he obtained at\\nWinchester School, from which he was sent to King s College, Cam-\\nbridge and after his graduation he was entered at the Middle Temple,\\nin London, although he was never called to the Bar. In his twenty-\\nfifth year he married a daughter of Sir Richard Newdigate. About\\na year after his marriage he represented the town of Newport in\\nParliament. At this time he held several offices, was highly esteemed\\namong his neighbours, and was often called to decide their differences.\\nIn 1712 he was appointed a Commissioner of the Victualling. After\\nthis, Colonel Horsey made him an offer of going to South Carolina to\\nsurvey a barony of land. Upon his arrival in Charlestown, he was\\nreceived very courteously. Here he became acquainted with General\\nOglethorpe, at whose recommendation, in August, 1737, he was\\nappointed Secretary to the Trustees in Georgia, and arrived in Sa-\\nvannah the following November. His office was to take a general\\noversight of affairs. In religion he was opposed to Wesley and\\nWhitefield, and often commented on their doings and preaching with\\ngreat severity. In 1741 he was made President of the county of\\nSavannah, and in 1743 President of the whole Colony. He was over\\nseventy years when he entered upon this office and the infirmities\\nof age, hastened upon him by private misfortunes and domestic be-\\nreavements, soon incapacitated him for his duties. He was called\\nupon in 1750 by his assistants, who frankly stated the difficulties\\nunder which they laboured, resulting from his age and incapacity.\\nThe venerable President immediately comprehended their intentions,\\nand told them to proceed without him that he would soon retire\\ninto the country, where he should be at liberty to mind the more\\nweighty things of a future state not doubting but the Trustees would\\nenable him to end his few remaining days without care and anxiety.\\nHe died in August, 1753, at the age of fourscore years.*\\nThe compiler of this work has had the pleasure of examining a\\njournal of Colonel Stephens, which commences on the 20th of Octo-\\nber, 1737, and comes down to October 28, 1741. Of this journal, the\\nRev. Thaddeus Mason Harris, in his biography of General Oglethorpe,\\nthus speaks It gives a minute account of everything which oc-\\ncurred, and bears throughout the marks of correctness, of ingenuous-\\nness, and frankness in the narrative of transactions and events, and of\\nintegrity, strict justice, and unflinching fidelity in the discharge of\\nhis very responsible office. As exhibiting the form and pressure of\\nthe times, it is of essential importance to the historian of Georgia,\\nand, happily, it was printed, making three octavo volumes. But the\\nStevens s History of Georgia.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0204.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "HENRY PARKER. 181\\nwork is exceedingly rare, especially the third volume. A complete\\nset is among the EBELING books in Harvard College Library. In\\nthe library of the Georgia Historical Society, there is a book called\\nThe Castle Builders; or, the History of William Stephens a very\\nrare work, written by his son.\\nHENRY PARKER\\nAs early as the year 1734, this gentleman held the office of Bailiff\\nin Savannah, regarded at that time as quite dignified and trustworthy.\\nBailiffs then acted as magistrates, and when on the bench wore a\\npurple gown, edged with fur. At an early period, Mr. Parker made\\na settlement on the Isle of Hope, near Savannah, which we believe\\nnow remains in the possession of some of his connections. In 1741,\\nwhen the Province of Georgia was divided into two counties, viz.,\\nSavannah and Frederica, he was made one of the assistants of\\nWilliam Stephens, President of the former. Ill health compelled Mr.\\nStephens to resign in 1750, and Mr. Parker became his successor.\\nAbout this time a Colonial Assembly was authorized by the Trustees,\\nand they instructed Mr. Parker to call one, which he accordingly did.\\nThis Assembly convened on the 15th of January, 1751 and upon\\nthis occasion the customary formalities of being addressed by the\\nExecutive and replied to by the Assembly were for the first time gone\\nthrough in Georgia. Mr. Parker continued to discharge the duties\\nof the Executive of the Province of Georgia until the surrender of\\nthe charter. After the arrival of Governor Reynolds, Mr. Parker\\nretired to the Isle of Hope, where he departed this life, at an advanced\\nage.t\\nADDRESS OF ASSEMBLY.\\nAssembly Room, 25th January, 1751.\\nSir We, the deputies of the several districts, in General Assembly met, desire to\\nreturn you our sincere thanks for your speech to us and we assure you, we shall en-\\ndeavour, with all concord and unanimity, to go through the business appointed for us to\\ndo and we also beg leave to embrace this opportunity of heartily congratulating you\\non your being appointed Vice-President of the Province, which we look upon as no more\\nthan a just reward for your long and faithful .services in it and we have no doubt but\\nthe same steadiness, justice, and candour, which have formerly guided you in the execu-\\ntion of other offices, will direct and govern you in this.\\nFrancis Harris, Speaker.\\nHenry Parker, Esquire, Vice-President\\nof the Colony of Georgia.\\nThe Vice-President returned the following answer\\nMr. Speaker and Gentlemen of the Assembly I heartily thank you for your\\nkind and flattering address, and will always make it my study and endeavour to promote\\nanything which may tend to the service and advantage of the Colony.\\nHenry Parker,\\nVice-President of the Colony of Georg a.\\nI Stevens s History of Georgia.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0205.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "182 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nJOHN REYNOLDS.\\nAfter the surrender of their charter by the Trustees to the crown,\\nthe Lords Commissioners for Trade and Plantations were directed to\\nlay before the Privy Council a plan of government for the Colony of\\nGeorgia, which they accordingly did on the 5th of March, 1754. The\\nplan recommended was approved, and Captain John Reynolds was\\nappointed by the King of England Governor of Georgia, with the title\\nof Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief of His Majesty s Province\\nof Georgia, and Vice-Admiral of the same. A few days after the\\ndate of his commission, (6th of August, 1754,) he embarked for the\\ncolony, and on the 29th of October of the same year landed at Sa-\\nvannah. A new system of government now commenced, entirely dif-\\nferent from that which existed under the supervision of the Trustees,\\nbut similar to that which prevailed in the other colonies. The\\nGovernor had authority to call an Assembly, to pass laws, to erect\\ncourts of judicature, to grant lands, c, c. A Council of twelve per-\\nsons was also appointed to advise and assist the Governor. Officers\\nwere also appointed to collect the customs and duties, to manage the\\nquit-rents and grants of land, besides others, such as Secretary, Provost-\\nMarshalj and Attorney-General. The seal of the Colony was changed,*\\nand the following persons appointed Councillors Patrick Graham,\\nSir Patrick Houstoun, Bart., James Habersham, Alexander Kellett,\\nWilliam Clifton, Noble Jones, Pickering Robinson, Francis Harris,\\nJonathan Bryan, William Russell, James Habersham, Secretary of\\nthe Province; William Clifton, Attorney-General Alexander Kellett,\\nProvost-Marshal; William Russell, Naval Officer; Thomas Young,\\nWilliam Brahm, Surveyors Sir Patrick Houstoun, Bart., Register\\nApproval of the King and Council of the Draught of a Colonial Seal.\\nOrder of Council at the Court of Kensington, 21st of June, 1754.\\nPresent, the King s Most Excellent Majesty in Council.\\nUpon reading at the Board a representation from the Lords Commissioners for Trade\\nand Plantations, setting forth that his Majesty, having been graciously pleased to ap-\\nprove of a plan for the establishment of a civil government in his Majesty s Colony of\\nGeorgia, in America, and it appearing necessary that a public Seal should be prepared\\nfor sealing all public documents there, according to the method practised in all his Ma-\\njesty s colonies in America, the said Commissioners have therefore prepared the draught\\nof such a Seal as to them seems to be proper for the said Colony of Georgia, whereon a\\nfigure, representing the Genius of the Colony, is described, offering a skein of silk to his\\nMajesty, with the motto, Hinc laudem sperate Coloni, and around the circumference,\\nSigillum Provincise nostra Georgice in America; and on the obverse are his Ma-\\njesty s arms, crown, garter, supporters, and motto, with the inscription, Georgius II.\\nDei Gratia Magnse Britannia Fr. et Hib. Rex Fidei Defensor, Brunswici et Lunenbergi\\nDux, Sacri Romani Imperii Archi Thesaurarius et Elector.\\nHis Majesty, in Council, took the same into consideration, and was pleased to approve\\nof the same draught, and to order that his Majesty s Chief Engraver of Seals do forthwith\\nengrave one Silver Seal for the use of his Majesty s Culony of Georgia, according to the\\nsaid draught, and of the same size with those sent to his Majesty s Provinces of South\\nand North Carolina and the said Lords Commissioners for Trade and Plantations are to\\nprepare a warrant for his Majesty s royal signature to the said engraver, as usual upon\\nthe like occasions, and to direct him to lay the said Seal before his Majesty at this Board\\nfor his royal approbation. (Signed) W. Sharpe.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0206.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "JOHN REYNOLDS. 183\\nof Grants. One among the first acts of Governor Reynolds was to\\nsecure the friendship of the Indians, for which purpose he wrote let-\\nters to the head men of the Upper and Lower Creeks, assuring them\\nof his amicable feelings, and promising some tokens of his Majesty s\\nregard. The establishing of proper courts of judicature being of\\ngreat importance to the prosperity of the Province, Governor Rey-\\nnolds, as early as circumstances would permit, brought this subject\\nbefore the Council, and on the 12th of December a General Court was\\nestablished, besides a Court of Chancery, a Court of Oyer and Ter-\\nminer, and a Court of Admiralty.\\nAfter the arrangement of the Courts, the Governor called a Gene-\\nral Assembly to meet in Savannah on the 7th of January, 1755, and\\naccordingly the first Legislature of Georgia, consisting of three\\nbranches, the Governor, Council, and Commons, met upon the day\\nappointed. With the exception of some interruptions, originating\\nwith Edmund Gray, a pretended Quaker, one of fche members of the\\nAssembly, business was conducted with harmony. Twelve acts were\\npassed, and received the assent of the Governor. After the adjourn-\\nment of the Assembly, Reynolds made a tour through the southern\\nparts of the Province. It was on this tour that he laid out a town on\\nthe Ogeechee River, which he named Hardwick. In a letter addressed\\nto the Board of Trade, he expresses the opinion, that Hardwick\\nwill become a fit place for the seat of government. The necessity\\nof having the southern boundaries of the Province clearly defined\\nstruck the Governor as highly important, and he proposed to the\\nCouncil in England to extend his authority to 30 cleg. 20 min. north\\nlatitude, and thence in a straight line westward to the Pacific, but no\\ndefinite action was taken upon the subject. In his efforts to protect\\nthe colony, by proper military defences, the Governor exhibited much\\nzeal, and sent to the Board of Trade a representation upon the sub-\\nject. Wishing to maintain peaceful relations with the Indians, he re-\\nsolved, accompanied by some of the Council, to meet them at Au-\\ngusta. A day was appointed, but the Indians failing to attend, he\\nreturned to Savannah, leaving William Little as his agent to deliver\\nhis speeches and presents. It was just about this time that two\\ntransports from Nova Scotia, with four hundred French Papists, ar-\\nrived at Savannah. It was one of the express conditions on which\\nGeorgia was settled, that no Papist should be allowed in it, and conse-\\nquently the Governor was placed in an awkward position. These\\nnew-comers brought letters to Reynolds from Lieut. -Governor Law-\\nrence, of Nova Scotia, acquainting him that for the better security\\nof that province, and in consequence of a resolution of his Council,\\nhe had sent these people to Georgia, and he did not doubt of his con-\\ncurrence. To the honour of the Governor, he treated them with\\nkindness. The season of the year not admitting of their going north, and\\ntheir provisions being nearly exhausted, they were distributed about the\\nProvince in small parties, and maintained at the public expense until\\nthe following spring, when the greater part of them left. In 1756,\\nBoard of Trade, vol. vi., p. 39.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0207.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "184 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nmisunderstandings began between the Assembly and the Governor.\\nThese arose from the Assembly refusing to admit to their seats three\\nnew members, on account of which, it w T as adjourned from the 5th to\\nthe 12th of February, 1756. So determined was the Assembly to\\ndisregard the instructions of the Governor, that they ordered a mes-\\nsage of adjournment, sent by him, to lie on the table, confined the\\nSpeaker to his chair, forced him to sign a paper, while some private\\nmembers seized upon the minutes, made such alterations as they\\npleased, and refused to deliver them to his written order. Of these\\nproceedings he complained to the Board of Trade. With the Coun-\\ncil, also, the Governor had difficulties. In a letter to the Board of\\nTrade, he informs them that a great majority of the Council have\\nall along appeared to be extremely greedy of power, and would fain\\nhave all things determined by vote, desiring even his official corres-\\npondence with the Board of Trade to pass under their approval.\\nRepresentations w%re made to the Board of Trade, that a sad decline\\nof the colony had taken place, which was attributed to the Governor,\\nand to William Little, his Secretary. This man had served with Rey-\\nnolds in the navy as a surgeon, and had accompanied him to Georgia,\\nand by him was advanced to some of the most responsible posts. In\\nconsequence of his conduct, he became very unpopular, and in Sept.,\\n1755, all the Council except one presented to the Governor a memorial,\\nin which they charged Little with forgery, illegal commitments, and\\narbitrary conduct, and desired his removal from office. The Governor\\nrefused to remove him. Various representations were sent to Eng-\\nland against the Governor and Little and although active measures\\nwere taken to contradict these representations, the Lords of Trade\\nfelt it to be their duty to attend to the complaints, and accordinglv\\nReynolds was recalled. On the 17th of February, 1757, the Governor\\nreceived a letter from the Board of Trade, dated 5th of August,\\n1756, signifying his Majesty s pleasure il that he should return to\\nEngland, to the end that an account of the present situation and cir-\\ncumstances of the Province, and of his conduct in the administration\\nof the Government there, might be laid before his Majesty for his\\nfurther directions, and to resign the Government of the colony into\\nthe hands of Henry Ellis, Esq. Immediately upon the receipt of\\nthis letter Governor Reynolds resigned, and in a few days embarked\\nfor England, having previously furnished himself with such neces-\\nsary documents and papers as he thought would enable him to obey\\nthe commands of his Majesty. The vessel in which he embarked\\nwas taken by a French privateer, and carried into the port of Bayonne,\\nfrom whence he procured a passage home, having been stripped by\\nthe enemy of his journal, papers, and every thing of value belong-\\ning to him. On the 7th of July, 1757, he arrived in London, and\\nit was not until the 6th of March of the next year that the Board of\\nTrade furnished him with a statement of complaints. To these\\ncomplaints he responded, but the Board of Trade were not satisfied\\nwith his explanations. He now resumed his rank in the navy. He\\nwas finally made Rear- Admiral of the Blue, and died in January, 1776.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0208.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "HENRY ELLIS. 185\\nHENRY ELLIS.\\nThis gentleman was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Georgia on\\nthe 15th of August, 1756. He was born in 1720. His devotion to\\nthe natural sciences, and his fondness for geographical discoveries,\\ninduced a committee of Parliament to constitute him their agent to\\ntake charge of an expedition which was fitted out to find a new pas-\\nsage to the Pacific. The expedition left England on the 24th of\\nMay, 1746, and after twelve months employed in persevering but in-\\neffectual efforts to find the wished- for passage, returned. Ellis pub-\\nlished a narrative of his voyage, the merits of which were so highly\\nesteemed that he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. At\\nSavannah, where he arrived on the 16th of February, 1757, he was\\nreceived with demonstrations of respect and joy by all classes of the\\npeople Before Governor Ellis had taken the reins of Government, he\\nhad learned that the task he was about to undertake would be a difficult\\none that the colony was not only in a defenceless state, but much dis-\\ntracted by factions, and he therefore addressed a memorial to the pro-\\nper authorities, in which he solicited five hundred stand of arms for\\nthe inhabitants, a ship of war to defend the coast, and presents for\\nthe Indians, all of which was granted. The situation of things re-\\nquired firmness and decision, and Ellis possessed these qualities in\\nan eminent degree. To the interests of the colony he appears to have\\ndevoted himself with Zealand judgment. The state of the judiciary,\\nthe importance of keeping up friendly relations with the Indians, and\\nother subjects highly conducive to the welfare of the Province, were\\nstrongly presented to the consideration of the Lords Commissioners.\\nIn a letter dated May 5, 1757, which he addressed to the Board of\\nTrade, he informed them that he had made a visit to the southern\\nparts of the Province, examined minutely the principal rivers, and\\ndescribed the Great Ogeechee as possessing advantages much supe-\\nrior to any of the others, and expressed the opinion, that Hard-\\nwick was the most eligible place for the seat of government. In\\nhis journey he met with many Indians, whose friendly feelings he en-\\ndeavoured to cultivate. On the 16th of June, 1757, the Assembly of\\nthe Province met agreeably to his call. In his speech to them, he\\nsays I can with unfeigned sincerity declare, that I enter upon this\\nstation with the most disinterested views, without prejudice to any\\nman or body of men, or retrospect to past transactions or disputes,\\nbut animated with the warmest zeal for whatever concerns your hap-\\npiness or the public utility, sincerely inclined to concur with you in\\nevery just and necessary measure, and fully resolved, that if unfortu-\\nnately my wishes and endeavours prove fruitless, to be the first to so-\\nlicit my recall.\\nIn reply to this address, he was assured by the Council that they\\nMinutes of Council in Assembly, 164.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0209.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "186\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\ncongratulated him upon his arrival into the Province, and that they\\npromised themselves, from his distinguished abilities, acknowledged\\nprobity, and unwearied application, that the day of his arrival will\\nprove the era of the prosperity of this colony. A feeble effort was\\nmade by Little, to whom we have referred in our memoir of Rey-\\nnolds, to disturb the Government, but it was completely defeated by\\nthe mild, but decided, measures of Ellis. This Assembly w r as pro-\\nrogued on the 28th of July, after which, Governor Ellis applied him-\\nself to the preservation of amity with the Spanish Governor, in St.\\nAugustine, and securing the friendship of the Indians. His correspond-\\nence with the Spanish Governor is to be found in volume viii., Book\\nof Trade, Colonial Documents. We have perused it carefully, and\\nthink it affords evidence of the great talents of Mr. Ellis, and if our\\nlimits allowed we would insert the whole of it. At this time war\\nexisted between France and England, and letters were addressed to\\nthe colonial Governors, by Pitt, then the Prime Minister of England,\\ncommunicating the resolution of his Majesty to prosecute the war in\\nthe most vigorous manner, and calling upon them to raise troops for\\ntheir defence. Governor Ellis laid the letter sent to him before the\\nAssembly, but such was the state of the colony, that it could not re-\\nspond to the call of the mother country. On the 25th of October,\\n1757, a conference was held by Governor Ellis and the Council with\\nthe Upper and Lower Creeks, From the minutes of Council, dated\\n29th of October, 1757, we make the following extracts in regard to\\nthis conference\\nThe Indians were escorted by Captain Milledge, with his troop of Rangers,\\nand approached the town. They were met in an open savanna, about a mile\\ndistant, by Captain Bryan, with the principal inhabitants of the town, on horse-\\nback, who welcomed them in his honor s, the Governor s, name, and regaled them\\nin a tent pitched for that purpose. This being ended, the cavalcade resumed\\ntheir march Captain Bryan, at the head of the gentlemen, led the way, the In-\\ndians followed according to their rank, and the Rangers brought up the rear.\\nThey advanced in this order until they were in sight of the town, where they\\nhalted, and were saluted with three cannon from the King s, from the Prince s\\nfive, from the Halifax five, and five from Loudon s bastions. They then moved\\non to the gate, when Captain Bryan, and the horse that were with him, filing to\\nthe right and left, formed two lines, through which the Indians marched. They\\nwere then next received by Colonel Jones, at the head of the regiment of Foot\\nMilitia, who conducted them with great regularity towards the Council-Cham-\\nber. As they passed the Governor s house they were saluted with seven cannon\\nat the water side, and from vessels in the river. A little short of the Council-\\nChamber, the Foot Militia divided in good order to the right and left. The In-\\ndians marched through, and were again received by a company of the Virginia\\nRegiment of Blues, drawn up in a line in front, who, first saluting them with a\\nvolley, by a particular evolution, formed two lines, extending to the Council-\\nHouse, where the Indians were conducted to the Council, and were introduced\\nto his honor, the Governor, who, holding out his hand, addressed them in the fol-", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0210.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "HENRY ELLIS. 187\\nlowing manner My friends and brothers behold my hands and arms. Our\\ncommon enemies, the French, have told you that they are red to the elbows\\nview them do they speak the truth? Let your own eyes witness. You see\\nthey are white and could you see my heart, you would find it as pure, but very\\nwarm, and true to you, my friends. The French tell you, whoever shakes my\\nhands will be immediately struck by disease, and die. If you believe this lying,\\nfoolish talk, don t touch me. If you do not, I am ready to embrace you. Where-\\nupon they all approached his Honor, and shook hands, declaring.the French had\\noften deceived them in this manner. These ceremonies being over, and the In-\\ndians seated, his Honor addressed himself to them again, to which the Wolf\\nKing Mico, of the Upper Creeks, made a suitable reply. His Honor then invited\\nthe head men to dine with him at his own house, where they were entertained\\nin the kindest manner. The conference lasted several days, and resulted in a\\ntreaty of peace and friendship.\\nAt the opening of 1758, Governor Ellis assured the Board of Trade,\\nthat notwithstanding the calamities of the times, the Province was in\\nthe enjoyment of a large share of happiness and prosperity. The\\nsecond General Assembly met in Savannah, 11th of January, 1758.\\nAmong the laws enacted by this body, was one dividing the Province\\ninto parishes, regulating Indian affairs, prohibiting slaves from being\\ntaught handicrafts, c. Upon the adjournment of the Assembly,\\nGovernor Ellis made a second tour through the southern parts of the\\nProvince, and proceeded as far as the south end of Cumberland\\nIsland. Important points he discovered to be in a defenceless situa-\\ntion, and in his communications to the Board of Trade, he earnestly\\nentreats them to make provision to have these points defended but\\nother matters occupied their attention, and he was compelled to fit\\nout a suitable vessel for the defence of the Province.\\nThe Governor s services were not unnoticed by the mother country,\\nand he was appointed on the 17th of May, 1758, Governor-in-Chief\\nof the colony.\\nSoon after he was made Governor-in-Chief, he received an order\\nfrom Government to remove certain persons, numbering over three\\nhundred, who had settled on lands between the Alatamaha and the\\nSt. John s, and who had called their settlement New Hanover. The\\nreasons for this order were many, but the principal one urged was,\\nthat it might become a rendezvous for fugitives and outlaws. Com-\\nmissioners were appointed to break up the settlement.\\nIt was under the administration of Governor Ellis that the long\\ndisputed claim of the Bosomworths was settled. We have already\\ngiven a full account of this dispute, and we deem it unnecessary\\nto say any thing here in regard to it. The climate of Georgia had a\\nvery injurious effect upon the health of Mr. Ellis, and in November,\\n1759, he solicited a recall, which was granted, and he took his de-\\nparture from Georgia on the 2d of November, 1760, amidst the sin-\\ncere regrets of the people. He was afterwards appointed Governor", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0211.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "188 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nof Nova Scotia, which station he held for two years and a half. Ill\\nhealth compelled him to visit France, and afterwards Naples. He\\ndied in 1805, over eighty-five years of age. Dr. Stevens, in his His-\\ntory of Georgia, says The period of his connection with Georgia\\nwill ever be in her history like the calm hour of sunshine, after a\\ntempest has blackened the sky.\\nSIR JAMES WRIGHT\\nWas descended from an ancient family. His father was Robert\\nWright, Esq., of Sedgefield, in Durham, England, who removed to\\nSouth Carolina, and settled in Charleston. He was appointed Chief-\\nJustice of South Carolina, the duties of which office he continued to\\ndischarge until his death. In Charleston, he married a widow lady\\nby the name of Pitts, by whom he had James Wright, the subject of\\nthis memoir.*\\nAs it was customary at this period for gentlemen to have their sons\\neducated in Europe, it is probable that Mr. Wright received his educa-\\ntion in England. He practised law in Charleston, and was afterwards\\nappointed agent of the Province of South Carolina in Great Britain.\\nOn the 13th of May, 1760, he was appointed Governor of Georgia,\\nand arrived at Savannah in the following October. It is impossible\\nto compress within the limits allotted for our sketches a full account\\nof the administration of this gentleman. Our readers must be satis-\\nfied with brief statements of the events which occurred during the\\ntime he held the reins of Government.\\nGovernor Wright found Georgia in a languishing condition, and he\\nlost no time in endeavouring to correct abuses. In a short period the\\ncolony gave signs of prosperity. Soon after his arrival, he issued\\nwrits of election for members of the Assembly. At the time desig-\\nnated, the Assembly met at Savannah, and, at the suggestion of the\\nGovernor, adopted many regulations, the utility of which was soon\\nmanifested in the progress which the colony made in agriculture and\\ncommerce. Governor Wright feeling the importance of cultivating\\nfriendly relations with the Indians, took every precaution to guard\\nthem against oppression, and prevent any rupture with them. The\\nProvince felt the happy effects of the Governor s energy, and it bid fair\\nto become one among the most important of his Majesty s colonies.\\nThe Governor being a firm advocate of what he considered the rights\\nof the colony over which he presided, he never would permit them to\\nbe violated with impunity. In 1763, Governor Boone, of South Caro-\\nlina, issued grants for many thousand acres of land situated south of\\nthe Alatamaha River, to several persons. Governor Wright regarded\\nthis proceeding as contrary to the spirit and intention of his Majesty s\\nBurke s Peerage and Baronetage.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0212.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "SIR JAMES WRIGHT. 189\\norders, as well as highly detrimental to the welfare of Georgia, and\\naccordingly sent an agent to Charleston with a protest and caveat\\nagainst the proceedings of the Governor of South Carolina. To the\\nagent, the Governor s protest and caveat, Boone paid no attention,\\nupon which Governor Wright forwarded an account of the matter to\\nthe Commissioners for Trade and Plantations. Their Lordships, in\\na short time afterwards, ordered Boone s grants to be discontinued.*\\nFor some time everything seemed to go on well in Georgia, but the\\npassage of the Stamp Act by the mother country produced a spirit\\nof discontent. As soon as it was known that the Stamp Act had re-\\nceived the royal assent, the American colonies adopted resolutions\\nexpressive of their abhorrence of the Act. Georgia was not back-\\nward in declaring her sentiments in regard to this obnoxious measure.\\nAt this time William Knox, Esq., was the agent of the Province of\\nGeorgia in Great Britain. This gentleman had written a letter to a\\nfriend in America, in which he defended the Stamp Act. This gave\\ngreat offence to the people of Georgia, and the General Assembly, at\\ntheir meeting November 15, 1765, resolved to give instructions to\\nthe Committee of Correspondence to acquaint Mr. Knox, agent of\\nthis Province, that the Province has no further occasion for his ser-\\nvices; and at a subsequent Assembly, Charles Garth was appointed\\nagent. Governor Wright objected to this appointment, and desired\\nthe Assembly to appoint another person but they adhered to their\\nfirst nomination, and sent it up to the Council, with an article of\\n\u00c2\u00a3100, as the estimate for his salary. The Council disagreed to the\\nordinance, upon the ground that Mr. Garth being the agent of South\\nCarolina, he could not exercise those functions for Georgia, but were\\nwilling to concur in the nomination of any other unexceptionable per-\\nson, of which they informed the Assembly but this body insisted\\nupon their first appointment, and declared, if the ordinance was re-\\njected, they would appoint him themselves, which they accordingly\\ndid on the 26th of March, 1767. This gave great umbrage to the\\nGovernor and in a letter addressed to Secretary Conway, he says,\\nThe nomination of a provincial agent by the Assembly alone is a\\nthing, I believe, never before attempted in any province on the Con-\\ntinent of America, unless very lately, when they have been seized with\\ntheir strange enthusiastic ideas of liberty and power. In another\\nletter written about this time, he complains that a large proportion\\nof the people of Georgia are sons of liberty, and that the same spirit\\nof sedition which first appeared in Boston had reached Georgia.\\nWith his usual energy, Governor Wright laboured to convince the\\npeople of the propriety of submitting to the King s authority. He\\nrepresented, in the strongest manner possible, the dangerous conse-\\nquences of following the example of their Northern brethren, but to\\nno purpose. The people became alarmed at beholding an attack upon\\ntheir constitutional liberties, and they determined, as far as circum-\\nstances would permit, to resist such attack. In a variety of ways did\\nAmerican State Papers.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0213.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "190 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nthey manifest their opposition to the Stamp Act. On the 26th of\\nOctober, 1765, the day of his Majesty s accession, Governor Wright\\nhad ordered a general muster, and in the evening of which there\\nwas a very great tumult in the streets, and some effigies were burnt,\\nand two or three days afterwards several incendiary letters were\\nwritten.\\nThese exhibitions of violence drew from the Governor a proclama-\\ntion, which, however, instead of awing the people, only exasperated\\nthem, and led to the formation of an association to oppose and pre-\\nvent the distribution of the stamped papers. The difficulties and dis-\\nturbances prevailing at this time were attributed by the Governor\\nto the inflammatory papers, letters, and messages continually sent\\nto Georgia from the Sons of Liberty, as they call themselves in Charles-\\nton, South Carolina. On the 5th of December, 1766, his Majes-\\nty s ship Speedwell arrived in the Savannah River, having on board\\nthe stamped papers. The Governor used every precaution to prevent\\neither the papers or officers from falling into the hands of the Sons\\nof Liberty. As sqon as it was known that the vessels with the\\npapers were in the. river, several of the citizens waited upon the\\nGovernor, and informed him that there was no intention to seize upon\\nand destroy the papers. The papers were landed and lodged in the\\nKingston or Warehouse, under the care of the Commissary but not-\\nwithstanding the assurances given to the Governor, he soon dis-\\ncovered much discontent among the people. On the 2d of January\\nhe received information that the Liberty Boys in town had assem-\\nbled, to the number of about two hundred, and that some of them had\\ndeclared they were determined to go to the fort and break open the\\nstore, take out the stamped papers, and destroy them. This induced\\nthe Governor to order the officers to collect their men, and make other\\narrangements which he conceived would prevent a seizure of the\\npapers. On the 3d of January, Mr. Agnus, the distributor of the stamps\\nfor the Province of Georgia, arrived in the river, upon which the\\nGovernor sent a scout boat with an officer and a party of men to pro-\\ntect him. He was guarded to the Governor s house, where he remain-\\ned two weeks but such was the excitement of the people, that it was\\ndeemed necessary to send him into the country. Some time after\\nthis six hundred men assembled near Savannah, and threatened, if\\nGovernor Wright did not promise that he would issue no more\\nstamps until the King s pleasure was known, they would surround\\nhis dwelling, seize and destroy the papers, and commit other acts of\\nviolence. The Governor, upon hearing this, had the papers removed\\nto Fort George, on Cockspur Island, where they were protected by\\na captain, two subalterns, and fifty men. On the 4th of February the\\ntown was again alarmed by the appearance on the commons of be-\\ntween two and three hundred men, clamorous for the redress of their\\ngrievances. The Governor ordered out the company of Rangers,\\nand all the regulars and volunteers, together with a party of marines\\nWright s Letter to Secretary Cunway, in Colonial Documents", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0214.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "SIR JAMES WRIGHT. 191\\nand seamen from the Speedwell. The most daring of the Sons of\\nLiberty were in favour of attacking the Governor s soldiers, but the\\nmore prudent thought differently, and after a parley with the Governor,\\nthey retired without coming to any settled purpose.* On the arrival of\\nthe stamps, says Dr. Stevens, there were between sixty and seventy\\nsail of vessels in port waiting for clearance. The whole exporting pro-\\nduce of the Province was shipped on board these vessels, and the\\nnecessities of the case seemed so urgent, that though the people re-\\nfused to use stamps for any other purpose, they consented to employ\\nthem to clear out their ships, by which means the port was opened,\\nthough the courts remained closed, and every species of judicial busi-\\nness was suspended. Such a course gave much umbrage to the other\\ncolonies, and particularly to South Carolina. Governor Wright was\\ntermed by the Carolinians a parricide, and Georgia a pensioned\\nGovernment, which had sold her birthright for a mess of pottage, and\\nwhose inhabitants should be treated as slaves, without ceremony.\\nThey resolved, that no provisions should be shipped to that infamous\\ncolony, Georgia that every vessel trading there should be burnt,\\nand whosoever should traffic with them should be put to death.\\nBut the injustice of these measures towards Georgia will be evident,\\nwhen it is remembered that through the irresolution of Governor\\nBull, the port of Charleston itself was opened, under pretence that no\\nstamped papers were to be had, when, in fact, they were lodged by\\nhis authority in Fort Johnston, whence, overawed by the populace,\\nhe dared not remove or use them. Charleston, also, was a city of\\nmany thousand inhabitants, and its Governor hesitating and timorous,\\nwhile Savannah had hardly as many hundreds, controlled by a Chief\\nMagistrate whose energy and decision could neither be wearied by\\nimportunity, nor daunted by danger. Georgia did not deserve this\\nreproach, for every thing which a Province similarly situated could\\ndo, was done, and she rested not from her efforts till a repeal of the\\nAct and a change of Ministry brought with them a temporary quiet\\nand repose.\\nThe repeal of the Stamp Act was followed by others equally op-\\npressive. In 1767, Governor Wright received an application for\\nbarracks to accommodate a company of British soldiers, of which\\nhe gave the Assembly information; but this body refused to make\\nthe necessary arrangements for their accommodation, declaring that\\nthey humbly conceive their complying with the requisition would\\nbe a violation of the trust reposed in them by their constituents,\\nand founding a precedent they by no means think themselves justifi-\\nable in introducing. In 1768, Governor Wright received a letter\\nfrom the Earl of Hillsborough, enclosing a copy of a letter from the\\nSpeaker of the House of Representatives of the Colony of Massa-\\nchusetts Bay to the Speaker of the Assembly of Georgia. On ac-\\ncount of the Assembly not sitting, they had no opportunity of con-\\nsidering the same; but the late Speaker, Alexander Wyley, Esq.,\\nwrote a letter to the Speaker of the Boston Assembly, informing him\\nSee Dr. Stevens s Discourse before the Georgia Historical Society.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0215.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "192 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nof the Governor s having prorogued the Assembly, which prevented\\nits being answered in a public way, and assuring him that when the\\nAssembly meets, he would lay it before the House, and that such\\nmeasures will be pursued as will manifest their regard for constitu-\\ntional liberty, and their respect for the House of Representatives of\\nthe Province of Massachusetts Bay, whose wise and spirited conduct\\nis so justly admired and also informed him that they had instructed\\nDr. Franklin, their agent, to join the other colonies agents in solicit-\\ning a repeal of sundry laws.* When these facts were communicated\\nby Governor Wright to the Earl of Hillsborough, that nobleman\\ndirected, if Wyley should be elected Speaker of the next Assembly,\\nthe Governor should put a negative upon such a choice.\\nIn the Commons House of Assembly, 24th of December, 1768,\\nMr. Alexander Wyley presented the letter to which we have just re-\\nferred and also one signed by Peyton Randolph, Esq., Speaker of\\nthe House of Burgesses of the Colony of Virginia, which were read,\\nand the following. resolutions adopted\\nResolved, That from the inherent right of the subject to petition the throne\\nfor redress of grievances, a right allowed and confirmed by the act of William\\nand Mary, the said letters do not appear to this House of a dangerous or factious\\ntendency, but on the contrary, in the opinion of this House, only tend to a justi-\\nfiable union of subjects aggrieved, in lawful and laudable endeavours to obtain\\nredress by an application founded upon, and expressive of, duty and loyalty to\\nthe best of Kings, a becoming respect for the Parliament of Great Britain, and\\nan equitable and natural affection for our mother country, and arises from the\\ntender and commendable attention of those Colonies to the natural rights and\\nliberties of British subjects in America, and to which they are undeniably enti-\\ntled upon the happy principles of the Constitution.\\nResolved, That copies of this resolution be sent by the Speaker of the House\\nto the Speaker of the House of Representatives of Massachusetts Bay, and the\\nSpeaker of the House of Burgesses in Virginia and that they be acquainted by\\nhim that this House approves of the measures by them pursued to obtain redress\\nof our common grievances, also of the method by them taken of enunciating\\nthese measures to the other Provinces on the Continent/\\nThese resolutions were offensive to Governor Wright, who charged\\nthe Assembly with revolutionary conduct, and dissolved that body;\\ninforming the members, that if America w r as to become independent\\nof the mother country, from that day you may date the foundation of\\nyour ruin and misery.\\nIn 1770, instructions were sent to Governor Wright from the Board\\nof Trade, to consent to an act for electing representatives in the four\\nparishes south of the Alatamaha. The Deputy-Secretary of State\\nhad been required to give evidence before the House of Representa-\\ntives but having doubt as to certain powers exercised by the House,\\nhe refused to answer the questions proposed to him, and in conse-\\nquence of which he was committed to prison. The Governor refused\\nGovernor Wright s Letters to the Earl of Hillsborough, dated August 6, 1768.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0216.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "SIR JAMES WRIGHT. 193\\nto notice the proceedings of the House, upon the ground of their being\\nillegal, declaring that he had not sanctioned a representation from\\nthese parishes, and he was highly displeased with the power which had\\nbeen assumed by them in the imprisonment of the Deputy-Secretary.\\nThese circumstances, together with the evident disposition of a large\\nmajority of the members to support the resolutions entered into at the\\npreceding session, induced the Governor to dissolve the Assembly.\\nil The General Assembly met at Savannah on the 23d of April, 1771. On the\\n24th, the new-elected Commons House of Assembly unanimously re-chose the\\nHon. Noble Wymberley Jones their Speaker: but, being disapproved of by the\\nGovernor, they, the same day, unanimously chose Archibald Bulloch, Esq. He\\nwas approved of, and the session opened with a speech by the Governor, in which\\nhis Excellency informed the Assembly, that on his representation with respect to\\nthe Election Bill formerly presented to him, and which he then rejected, his Ma-\\njesty had been pleased to assent to one for the purposes therein proposed, except\\nfor limiting the duration of the Assembly; and his Excellency concluded with\\nrecommending to them to confine their views to such things as are only essential.\\nOn the 25th, the House resolved, That the rejecting the Speaker elected by\\ntheir unanimous, consent was a high breach of the privilege of the House, and\\ntended to subvert the most valuable rights and liberties of the people and their\\nrepresentatives and that the members, being unwilling to delay the necessary\\nbusiness of the Province, did proceed to choose another member as Speaker;\\nnevertheless, declaring that it ought at no time to be admitted as a precedent.\\nThe 26th, an address was drawn up; and, while two members were ordered\\nto wait on the Governor, to know his pleasure when he would be attended with\\nthe said address, his Excellency commanded the immediate attendance of the\\nHouse, and delivered to them the following speech, viz.\\nMr. Speaker and Gentlemen of the Assembly\\nWhen I met you, I was hopeful that you would have entered upon such\\nbusiness as appeared most essential to the public welfare, with a proper disposi-\\ntion, in which case, I conceive it might have been gone through in a very short\\ntime but am sorry to find, by the proceedings entered on your journals, that,\\ninstead of paying any attention to my recommendation, a spirit of a very dif-\\nferent kind prevails among you, and that you have been hardy enough not only\\nto call in question, but absolutely to deny his Majesty s undoubted right to\\napprove or disapprove of a Speaker, and which power is particularly delegated\\nto me; I say, when I see you have committed such an insult and attack on\\nhis Majesty s authority, it totally puts it out of my power to enter upon any busi-\\nness with you, or suffer you to sit any longer; and however unwilling you may\\npretend to be to delay the necessary business of the Province, yet I doubt not\\nbut all discerning and unprejudiced persons will clearly see that the obstruction\\nto public business proceeds from your conduct^ and not from mine. And I do; by\\nand with the unanimous opinion and advice of his Majesty s honourable Council,\\ndissolve this Assembly, and the same is hereby dissolved.\\nSavannah, Council Chambkr, James Wrioht.\\nApril 26, mi.\\n13", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0217.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "194 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nAn address was sent by this Assembly to the King, in which they\\nrepresented the grievances the Province laboured under, by the late\\nacts of the Parliament of Great Britain, for raising a revenue in\\nAmerica assured his Majesty, that whilst they were equally at-\\ntached by interest, and principle, and affection to the mother country,\\nat the same time they lamented that by the imposition of internal\\ntaxes, they were deprived of privileges which they apprehended to be\\ntheir indubitable right. That from his Majesty s equity, wisdom, and\\nregard for the rights and liberties of his subjects, upon which they\\nrelied, they flattered themselves that the grievances would be removed,\\nand that none of his subjects could, or did, more ardently desire and\\npray for a continuance of his Majesty s most auspicious reign, than\\nhis faithful Commons in Georgia.\\nThis address was signed by N. W. Jones, Speaker. It was sent\\nto Dr. Franklin, and by him placed in the hands of the Earl of Hills-\\nborough, who presented it to the King but it was coldly received\\nby his Majesty, for in a letter written by the Earl of Hillsborough\\nto Governor Wright, dated March 23, 1769, he remarks The\\ntransmission of this address by any other channel than by the Go-\\nvernor, is irregular and disrespectful, but he had not weighed the\\ncontents with the less attention but finding that it does both in the\\nletter and spirit deny, and draw in question the authority of Parlia-\\nment to enact laws binding upon the colonies, in all cases whatso-\\never, his Majesty disapproved of the address, and firmly resolved to\\nsupport the Constitution as by law established, and not to counte-\\nnance any claims inconsistent with its true principles.\\nIn 1774, the people of Georgia, by various public meetings, gave\\nutterance to their feelings in regard to the questions then at issue.\\nOn the 24th of July of this year, a meeting of the inhabitants was\\nheld, to take into consideration their grievances. Governor Wright\\nissued a proclamation, declaring it unlawful and in a letter, dated\\nthe 24th of August, of the same year, addressed to the Earl of Dart-\\nmouth, he says\\nEvery thing was done that could be done to frustrate them, but this did not\\ntotally prevent it. They have been strongly invited by the Carolina Sons of\\nLiberty, who have been suffered to do whatever they pleased, without the least\\nmark of disapprobation, or attempt to check them, tbat I have heard of; and now\\nagain, my Lord, as in the time of the Stamp Act, I am to be reflected upon\\nand abused, for opposing the licentiousness of the poople, and it is thrown out\\nWhy should our Governor do so, and, too, when the people of Carolina have\\ngone greater lengths than we have, and the Governor has not taken any notice\\nof it V In short, at such times as these, if a man had resolution and integrity\\nenough to stand forth and attempt to do his duty, it is like being set up as a mark\\nto be shot at, and raising the resentments of great numbers against him.\\nOn the 11th of May, a party of patriots, headed by Joseph Haber-\\nsham, repaired to the magazine, and removed the powder. The", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0218.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "SIR JAMES WRIGHT. 195\\nGovernor issued a proclamation, offering a reward for apprehending\\nthe offenders, but they were not discovered until the Sons of Liberty-\\nhad occasion to use this very powder against the enemies of their\\ncountry.\\nOn the 1st of June, 1775, Governor Wright ordered preparations\\nto be made for the celebration of his Majesty s birthday but on the\\nnight of the 2d a number of the citizens assembled, spiked up all the\\ncannon, and threw them down the bluff. A few of the spikes were\\ndrawn with great difficulty, and the guns remounted to perform the\\nusual ceremonies.\\nIn June, 1775, Governor Wright wrote to the Earl of Dartmouth,\\nA few troops, twelve months ago, would have kept all the Southern\\nProvinces out of rebellion and, according to the direction of the\\nnoble Earl, the Governor, that same month, wrote to General Gage\\nand Admiral Graves, soliciting immediate assistance, which would\\nhave been promptly rendered, but for the interception of the letters\\nby the Committee of Safety, at Charleston, and their transmitting by\\nthe post others, stating that Georgia was quiet, and no occasion ex-\\nisted for the troops or vessels which they had been commanded to\\nhold subject to his order. The ships and soldiers were consequently\\nwithheld, and it was not until Sir James Wright, casually meeting\\nGeneral Gage in London, some years after, inquired the cause of his\\nnon-compliance with so pressing a request, that the forgery was re-\\nvealed to them.*\\nOn the 17th of June, several men-of-war arrived at Tybee, and to\\nprevent the Governor from holding any communication with them,\\nit was determined to secure his person, and, accordingly, Joseph\\nHabersham entered the Governor s dwelling, took him prisoner, pa-\\nroled him to his own house, and placed a sentinel at his door. The\\nGovernor, however, made his escape by a back door, and went to\\nBonaventure, about four miles from Savannah, where a boat was\\nwaiting for him, by which he was conveyed on board the armed ship\\nScarborough, from which he addressed a letter to some members of\\nhis Council. The Assembly adjourned without giving Governor\\nWright an answer to his letter, and he forced his way up to the town,\\nand obtained, by rifling the vessels, the supplies necessary for the\\nfleet.\\nIn 1779 he was dispatched to reassume the government of Georgia.\\nIn 1775 the Swallow packet, being just arrived in the port of Charleston, from Eng-\\nland, William H. Drayton, Chairman of the Secret Committee, resolved to seize the mail,\\nand on his way to the post-office, he met John Neufville and Thomas Corbett, two mem-\\nbers of the Committee of Intelligence, who were proceedins thither on the same errand.\\nOn th^ir arriving at the post-office, then kept by Jervis Henry Stevens, as Secretary to\\nGeorge Roupell, the Deputy-Postmaster, they demanded the mail which had just ar-\\nrived in the packet, to which a refusal was made. They then informed Stevens they\\nwould take i by force, if not speedily delivered to which he answered he should not\\ndeliver it. They then took possession of it, and upon examining it the Secret Committee\\nfound several despatches, among which were five letters for Governor Wright, of Georgia.\\nAbout the same time the mail was seized, the Secret Committee intercepted two letters\\nfrom Sir James Wright, each of them dated 27th June, 1775 one of them directed to\\nAdmiral Graves, and the other to General Gage. Drayton.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0219.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "196 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nSavannah at that time was in the possession of the British. The\\nfriends of Governor Wright claim, that by his determined zeal and\\nspirit, the defence of Savannah was one of the most brilliant events\\nin the war at the South.\\nThis defence, it is said, would not have been made but for his vote\\nin the Council of War, as the other members were equally divided.*\\nAt the close of the war he retired to England.\\nHe owned a large property in Georgia, which was confiscated.\\nIn 1783, he was placed at the head of the Board of Agents of the\\nAmerican Loyalists, for prosecuting their claims for compensation.\\nHis own claim occupied the attention of the Commissioners for a long\\ntime. At length they reported him as having rendered important ser-\\nvices to Great Britain, and to have lost real and personal property to\\nthe value of \u00c2\u00a333,702, and his office of Governor of Georgia, value\\n\u00c2\u00a31,000 per annum. He was created a Baronet on the 8th of Decem-\\nber, 1772.f\\nJAMES HABERSHAM.\\nThis gentleman was born at Beverly, Yorkshire, in England, in\\n1712. Having formed a great friendship for the celebrated White-\\nfield, he determined, contrary to the wishes of his relatives, to accom-\\npany him to America. The two friends landed in Savannah on the\\n7th of May, 1738. Agreeably to a plan resolved upon by Whitefield,\\nbefore he left England, to establish an Orphan House in Georgia,\\nMr. Habersham, in a short time after his arrival, opened a school for\\norphans and destitute children. When Whitefield again left the Pro-\\nvince for England, he committed the affairs of the Orphan House to\\nMr. Habersham, whose energy eminently qualified him for such\\na trust.\\nThe Trustees had granted to Mr. Whitefield five hundred acres of\\nland, for the establishment of the Orphan House, and Mr. Haber-\\nsham selected a tract, which he considered suitable for such an object,\\nabout nine miles from the City of Savannah. On the 3d of Novem-\\nber, 1741, he was enabled to remove his orphans to their new resi-\\ndence the buildings having been so far completed as to admit of this\\narrangement.\\nUnder his management, the Orphan House flourished but in 1744,\\nhe resigned the Presidency of it, and formed a commercial copart-\\nnership with Francis Harris. Before this, the business of the colony\\nwas managed by the storekeeper of the Trustees so that this estab-\\nlishment of Harris and Habersham may be considered the first com-\\nmercial house in Georgia.\\nSabine s American Loyalists.\\nt Governor Wright married, in 1740, Sarah, only daughter and heiress of Captain\\nMaidman, of the Army. This lady was drowned on her voyage to England, in 1763.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0220.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "JAMES HABERSHAM. 197\\nFor a few years their trade was mostly confined to Boston, New-\\nYork, and Philadelphia but in 1747, they opened a correspondence\\nin London, and began the system of direct importation. These\\ngentlemen soon had the satisfaction of knowing that their operations\\nafforded great assistance to the colony.\\nAbout this time, the Rev. Mr. Bolzius, Minister at Ebenezer, re-\\nquested Mr. Habersham to give him, in a letter, his views in relation\\nto agriculture and commerce. With this request he complied and\\nas, in his letter, he had made some remarks in regard to the promi-\\nnent men in the colony, as well as to the plans of the Trustees, he\\nbegged that it might be considered confidential but, finally, he con-\\nsented that Mr. Bolzius might furnish a friend of his in Germany\\nwith a copy, who sent it to the Trustees.\\nWhen Mr. Habersham heard this, he concluded that he would in-\\ncur the displeasure of the Trustees but his letter, instead of produ-\\ncing this effect, gave them a high opinion of his talents, and he\\nwas appointed an Assistant to the President of the Province of\\nGeorgia.\\nIn 1750, Mr. Habersham, in conjunction with Mr. Pickering Rob-\\ninson, was appointed a Commissioner to advance the culture of silk\\nin the colony and although his business demanded much of his at-\\ntention, yet he attended to this subject. Copies of his letters upon\\nthe silk business are to be found among the Colonial Documents, now\\nin the keeping of the Georgia Historical Society, and they evince an\\nintimate acquaintance with the subject, and an earnest desire that\\nthe inhabitants of the Province should feel it to be their interest to\\nbestow a portion of their labour upon the culture of silk.\\nIn 1754, under the administration of Governor Reynolds, Mr. Haber-\\nsham was appointed by the King, Secretary of the Province, and one\\nof the Councillors. In 1767, he was President of the Upper House\\nof the General Assembly.\\nIn the royal commission, by which James Wright was made Go-\\nvernor of the Province of Georgia, it was provided that, upon the\\ndeath or absence of the Governor, the eldest Councillor, whose\\nname is first placed in his Majesty s instructions, shall take upon him\\nthe administration of the Government. In 1769, Governor Wright\\nrequested leave of absence, and that Mr. Habersham should supply\\nhis place. He represented him as being a gentleman of property,\\nand no Liberty Boy? Permission was granted that Mr. Habersham\\nshould take the reins of government. Delicate were the duties de-\\nvolving upon him, but space will not permit anything like a full\\naccount of the interesting incidents that occurred during the time\\nhe filled the Executive office.\\nThe excitement which the measures of the British Government\\nproduced in Georgia, and the difficulties with the Indians, rendered\\nhis position unpleasant. In his address delivered to the Assembly\\n29th of April, he says, I am very sensible of the high and important\\npost committed to me, which calls for the utmost of my best abilities\\nto discharge, so as to approve myself to our most gracious Sovereign,", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0221.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "198 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nby promoting the true interest and prosperity of his good subjects in\\nthis Province, to effect which, you may depend on my most sincere\\nand unwearied endeavours. My long residence in this Province, and\\nthe strong attachment I must have for its welfare from motives obvi-\\nous to you, must make it extremely grateful to me to be in the least\\ninstrumental in furthering its growing prosperity. Although he was\\nwarmly attached to the mother country, he was not insensible to the\\nrights of the Colonies, for in a letter addressed to the Earl of Hills-\\nborough, after giving his views in regard to American affairs, and\\nexpressing his opinion, that according to the present constitution, the\\nParliament had an undoubted right to bind the Colonies, he suggests,\\nwhether it would not be expedient to make some alteration in the\\nConstitution relative to America.\\nIn April, 1772, he attempted to make the Assembly sensible of\\ntheir duty to the King, in acknowledging his Majesty s right to nega-\\ntive a Speaker. On the day upon which they met, they elected Mr.\\nN. W. Jones their Speaker, and sent two of the members to Mr.\\nHabersham, to inform him of the election. He replied that he would\\nbe in the Council Chamber at five o clock in the afternoon, when\\nthey should have his answer. At the time appointed they met, and\\nthe Governor put a negative on the Speaker, and directed them to\\nchoose another.\\nShortly afterwards he was informed that the Assembly had re-\\nelected Mr. Jones, upon whom he put a second negative.\\nThe following day he went to the Council Chamber with the in-\\ntention of dissolving the Assembly, if they persisted in their choice,\\nand was informed that they had elected Mr. Archibald Bulloch their\\nSpeaker, and on his being presented, he approved of him. In the\\nevening he sent for their journals, and noticing that immediately be-\\nfore the election of Mr. Bulloch, they had re-elected Jones a third\\ntime, and that, only in consequence of his resigning, they had chosen\\nMr. Bulloch, Mr Habersham sent for him the next morning, and\\ninformed him that he could not proceed on business with the House\\nwhile that minute was suffered to remain on their journals. After\\nconsiderable parley, Mr. Habersham dissolved the Assembly.\\nWhen South Carolina determined to have no intercourse with\\nGeorgia on account of the refusal of the latter to accede to the reso-\\nlutions of the Continental Association, Mr. Habersham wrote the fol-\\nlowing letter to one of his friends in London\\nSavannah, Ga., April 17, 1775.\\nThe fiery patriots in Charleston have stopped all dealings with us, and will not\\nsuffer any goods to be landed there from Great Britain, and I suppose the\\nNorthern Provinces will follow the example.\\nu The people on this Continent are generally almost in a state of madness and\\ndesperation and should not conciliatory measures take place on your side, I\\nknow not what may be the consequence. I fear an open rebellion against the\\nParent State, and consequently among ourselves.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0222.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "WILLIAM EWEN. 199\\nSome of the inflammatory resolutions and measures taken and published in\\nthe Northern Colonies, I think, too plainly portend this.\\nHowever, I do most sincerely upon every occasion declare that I would not\\nchoose to live here longer than we are in a state of proper subordination to, and\\nunder Great Britain although I cannot altogether approve of the step she has\\nlately taken, and do most cordially wish that a permanent line of Government\\nwas drawn and pursued by the mother country and her children, and may God\\ngive your Senators wisdom to do it, and heal the breach, otherwise I cannot think\\nof the event but with horror and grief father against son, and son against father,\\nand the nearest relatives and friends combating with each other I may, perhaps,\\nsay with truth, cutting each other s throats. Dreadful to think of, much more to\\nexperience, c.\\nJames Habersham.\\nShortly after writing this letter, Mr. Habersham s ill health ren-\\ndered it necessary that he should go to the North, but the change\\ndid not benefit him, and he departed this life at New-Brunswick,\\nNew-Jersey, on the 28th of August, 1775.\\nThe Gazette of the day spoke of him thus\\nIn the first stations of the Province he conducted himself with ability, honour,\\nand integrity, which gained him the love and esteem of his fellow-citizens nor\\nwas he less distinguished in private life by a conscientious discharge of the social\\nduties as a tender and affectionate parent, a sincere and warm friend, and a kind\\nand indulgent master. Mr. Habersham was married by the Rev. Mr. Whitefield to\\nMary Bolton, at Bethesda, on the 26th of December, 1740, by whom he had ten\\nchildren, three of whom sons, survived him, and were zealous in the cause of\\nAmerican liberty.\\nWILLIAM EWEN\\nWas a native of England, and came to Georgia probably in 1734,\\nas an apprentice to the Trustees. In a few years, by his correct be-\\nhaviour and business habits, he became very popular with his fellow-\\ncitizens. During the period in which the affairs of the Colony of\\nGeorgia were managed by William Stephens, Esq., much discontent\\nexisted among the people. Repeated complaints of grievances had\\nbeen made, which were never effectually redressed and a meeting\\nof the disaffected citizens was called, at which Thomas Stephens,\\nthe son of William Stephens, was appointed to represent their in-\\nterests in Great Britain and a Committee was also appointed to\\ncorrespond with Mr. Stephens, of which Mr. Ewen was an active\\nmember. In the discharge of his duties, he was frequently brought\\ninto collision with the President of the Colony, who, judging from\\nseveral portions of his journal, did not award to him much credit for the\\ncourse which he thought proper to adopt. When the struggle between", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0223.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "200 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nGreat Britain and her Colonies commenced, he was among the first\\nof that immortal band who took up arms in defence of American\\nliberty. On the 21st of June, 1775, he was appointed a member of\\nthe Council of Safety, and, shortly afterwards, President of the\\nCouncil, the duties of which were very arduous. At this period\\nGeorgia occupied a very critical situation. Of all the Colonies, none\\nwere so illy prepared to dispute the claims of the mother country.\\nOn the south, she was exposed to the attacks of the Spaniards\\nof Florida on the east, her coast was at the mercy of the foe\\non the north and west, countless tribes of savages, known to be in the\\npay of the British King, were ready to make inroads upon her popula-\\ntion. She was destitute of soldiers, and all the means of war. A\\nvery large proportion of the people, although they felt that they had\\njust grounds of complaint against the mother country, were disposed\\nto postpone open resistance, with a hope that their grievances would\\nbe redressed. The Sons of Liberty were indeed few. Says an actor\\nin those days, There are few righteous souls among them a panic\\nseems to have run among the people assistance is wanted from\\nCarolina to overawe such men as would sell their birthright for a\\nmess of pottage. Happily for Georgia, she had such men as Wil-\\nliam Ewen at the head of her Government. The wisdom of the\\narrangements he proposed, and his firmness in executing them, baffled,\\nin many instances, the designs of the foe. His letters, his proclama-\\ntions, and other official papers, breathe a spirit of determined opposi-\\ntion to tyranny. He lived to see the independence of his country\\nestablished, and to receive the plaudits of his grateful fellow-citizens\\nfor his devoted attachment to her cause.\\nARCHIBALD BULLOCH.\\nMr. Bulloch was a native of Charleston, and upon the commence-\\nment of the difficulties between Great Britain and her Colonies, took a\\ndecided part in favour of the latter. At that time the friends of liberty\\nin Georgia were few, but Mr. Bulloch was not to be dismayed.\\nWhen intelligence of the glorious events of the 4th of July, 1776,\\nreached Savannah, Mr. Bulloch read the Declaration of Independence\\nto a large audience, being the first man who read this document in\\nGeorgia.* In 1775 he was appointed a delegate to represent Georgia\\nin the Congress at Philadelphia. On the 20th of January, 1776, he\\nwas elected President of the Executive Council of Georgia. Mr.\\nIn the Universal Intelligencer, printed by Timothy Green, in 1776, we find the fol-\\nlowing\\nSavannah, (in Georgia,) August 10th, 1776.\\nA Declaration being received from the Honourable John Hancock, Esq., by which it\\nappeared that the Continental Congress, in the name, and by the authority of their con-\\nstituents, had declared that the United Colonies of North America are, and of right", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0224.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "ARCHIBALD BULLOCH. 201\\nBulloch did not live to see the issue of his country s struggle, for in\\nless than twelve months after the Declaration of Independence, his\\nfellow-citizens had to mourn his death. Mr. B. Shaffer, the father\\nof Jacob Shaffer, of Savannah, used to relate the following incident,\\nas illustrating the republican character of Mr. Bulloch. Colonel\\nLachlan Mcintosh, Commander of the Continental troops in Savan-\\nnah, upon the election of Mr. Bulloch to the Executive chair, had or-\\ndered a sentinel to be posted at his door, which sentinel was Mr. B.\\nShaffer. This did not suit Mr. Bulloch s views, and he requested\\nthe sentinel to be removed, saying I act for a free people, in whom\\nI have the most entire confidence, and I wish to avoid, on all occasions,\\nthe appearance of ostentation.\\nought to be, Free and Independent States, and absolved from all allegiance to the British\\nCrown, his Excellency the President, and the Honourable the Council, met in the Coun-\\ncil-Chamber, and read the Declaration.\\nThey then proceeded to the square before the Assembly House, and read it to a oreat\\nconcourse of people, when the grenadier and light infantry companies fired a general\\nvolley. After this they proceeded in the following procession to the Liberty Pole The\\ngrenadiers in front the Provost-Marshal, on horseback, with his sword drawn the\\nSecretary, with the Declaration His Excellency the President the Honourable the\\nCouncil and gentlemen attending then the light infantry, and the rest of the militia of\\nthe town and district of Savannah, At the Liberty Pole they were met by the Georgia\\nbattalion, who, after reading of the Declaration, discharged their field-pieces, and fired\\nin platoons. Upon this they proceeded to the battery, at the Trustees gardens, where\\nthe Declaration was read for the last time, and the cannon of the battery discharged.\\nHis Excellency and Council, Colonel Lachlan Mcintosh, and other gentlemen, with the\\nmilitia, dined under the cedar trees, and cheerfully drank to the United, Free, and Inde-\\npendent States of America. In the evening the town was illuminated, and there was\\nexhibited a very solemn funeral procession, attended by the grenadier and light infan-\\ntry companies, and other militia, with their drums muffled, and fifes, and a greater num-\\nber of people than ever appeared on any occasion before in this Province, when\\nGeorge the Third was interred before the Court-Housc in the following manner\\nFor as much as George the Third, of Great Britain, hath most flagrantly violated\\nhis Coronation Oath, and trampled upon the Constitution of our country, and the\\nsacred rights of mankind we, therefore, commit his political existence to the ground\\ncorruption to corruption tyranny to the grave and oppression to eternal infamy in\\nsure and certain hope that he will never obtain a resurrection to rule again over these\\nUnited States of America. But, my friends and fellow-citizens, let us not be sorry, as\\nmen without hope, for Tyrants that thus depart rather let us remember America is\\nfree and independent that she is, and will be, with the blessing of the Almighty, great\\namong the nations of the earth. Let this encourage us in well doing, to fight for our\\nrights and privileges, for our wives and children, for all that is near and dear unto us.\\nMay God give us his blessing, and let all the people say Amen.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0225.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "202 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA\\nBUTTON GWINNETT.\\nThe Hon. Button Gwinnett was born in England, came to Georgia\\nin 1772, and settled on St. Catherine s Island. For some time after\\nthe beginning of the Revolutionary difficulties, he was in doubt as to\\nthe course he would take but the arguments of Dr. Lyman Hall,\\nwith whom he was intimate, convinced him of the justice of the\\nAmerican cause, and in 1775 he commenced taking an active part in\\npublic affairs. In 1776, at the meeting of the General Assembly in\\nSavannah, he was appointed a representative to Congress, and\\nhis name is affixed to the Declaration of American Independence as\\na delegate from Georgia. He was a member of the Convention\\nwhich met in February, 1777, to frame a constitution for the future\\ngovernment of the State. Upon the death of Mr. Bulloch, he became\\nGovernor of Georgia. A delegation from South Carolina called\\nupon Mr. Gwinnett during the early stage of the Revolution, for the\\npurpose of suggesting to him the expediency of recommending that\\nGeorgia should place herself under the jurisdiction of the former\\nbut to the praise of Mr. Gwinnett let it be known, that he treated the\\nsuggestion with contempt. An unfortunate misunderstanding occurred\\nbetween General Lac hi an Mcintosh and Mr. Gwinnett, which re-\\nsulted in a dael. The parties fought near Savannah, at the distance\\nof twelve paces. Both gentlemen were seriously wounded. Mcin-\\ntosh recovered, but Gwinnett died twelve days after the combat\\n27th of May, 1777.\\nJOHN ADAM TREUTLEN.\\nIn regard to the birth and education of this gentleman, we are un-\\nable to give our readers any account. He was a member of the As-\\nsembly under the administration of Governor Wright, and his name\\nappears on the list of those w T ho swore allegiance to the British Gov-\\nernment. When the contest for liberty commenced, he was found\\namong the foremost of those who stood up in defence of the rights of\\nAmerica. He was a member of the first Provincial Congress of\\nGeorgia, which met in Savannah on the 4th of July, 1775, acting as\\nthe representative from the parish of St. Andrew. On the 8th of\\nMay, 1777, he was elected Governor of Georgia by a large majority\\nover his opponent, the Hon. Button Gwinnett.\\nIn 1780, an Act was passed by the Royal Government of Georgia,\\ndisqualifying, and rendering incapable, certain persons from holding\\nor exercising any office in Georgia, and Mr. Treutlen had the honour\\nof being placed upon the list as Rebel Governor. When Treutlen", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0226.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "JOHN ADAM TREUTLEN. 203\\nwas at the head of the administration in Georgia, a proposition was\\nmade by South Carolina to Georgia, to unite the two States; and\\nthe Hon. William Henry Drayton was appointed one of the Commis-\\nsioners to propose this union.\\nFor the following highly interesting papers in relation to this affair,\\nwe are indebted to Robert W. Gibbes, M.D., of Columbia, South\\nCarolina.\\nLetter from Wm. Henry Drayton to Humphrey Wells, of Augusta, dated\\nSnow Hill, S. C, June 8, 1777.\\nSir, In compliance with your request, I do myself the pleasure of commit-\\nting to paper some of the principal circumstances and arguments relative to the\\nlate proposition of an union between South Carolina and Georgia.\\nBy our General Assembly, which is a pretty numerous body, it was unani-\\nmously resolved, that an union between the two States would tend effectually to\\npromote their strength, wealth, and dignity, and to secure their liberty, indepen-\\ndence, and safety. Commissioners were sent to Savannah to treat of an union,\\nand I was honoured by being sent upon this business.\\nImmediately after I arrived in Savannah, I found that every gentleman in\\npublic office, with whom I conversed, was strongly against an union. How\\never, I had the pleasure to find some gentlemen of fortune, though not in office or\\nConvention, who heartily approved the measure. The Convention was adjourned\\nwhen I arrived, the beginning of January last, but upon their meeting, I notified\\nthat I had important matters to lay before them as Commissioner from South\\nCarolina. I then was assured, and I gave full credit to it, that I should fail in my\\napplication, but I proceeded in the discharge of my duty.\\nBeing admitted to an audience in Convention, after a short introduction of\\nwhat I had to say, I stated, that chance had originally placed the present dis-\\ntricts of South Carolina and Georgia under one government at Charlestown and\\nalthough these districts, then forming but one, had been separated and placed\\nunder two governments, yet nature pointed out that the two should again form\\nbut one for their climate, soil, productions, and interests were the same. That\\nif they continued two States, we had only to recollect the history of mankind,\\nand the nature of things, to foresee that from such causes their counsels and con-\\nduct would clash; and of course jealousies and rivalship would daily increase\\nbetween them, to the natural prejudice of their internal improvement, common\\nproduction, and foreign commerce. That there might be dangerous disputes\\nabout boundaries, and the property of Savannah River; since on these sub-\\njects many people in Carolina and Georgia thought very differently a natural\\nand great obstruction to the rise of the value of property. But that, on the other\\nhand, by an union, all such jealousies, rivalship, prejudice, danger, and obstruc-\\ntion, would be removed. Improvements of every kind, especially in agriculture,\\ninland navigation, and foreign commerce, would be studied and advanced with\\nrapidity. The expenses of Government would be lessened, to the great ease of\\nthe people, because only one establishment of civil officers would be paid in the\\nroom of two. The public defence would be more powerful, and at a less expense,", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0227.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "204 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nunder one government than under two, which might be jealous of, and, there-\\nfore, often desirous to thwart each other, and at any rate certainly liable, unde-\\nsignedly, to defeat each other s plans, to the ruin of the people concerned. And\\nthus, sir, you see many important advantages that would be common to the two\\nStates by an union. But there are others which would be peculiar to Georgia.\\nBy an union, the land in Georgia would rise in value, because the Carolina\\nplanters would be encouraged to extend their improvements into Georgia,\\nand the merchants carry that trade immediately to Georgia, which otherwise\\nmust continue to be carried on as it always has been, and especially of late,\\nthrough Carolina. The Georgia currency, always hitherto of inferior value to\\nthat of Carolina, (some more than 20 per cent.,) would be put upon an equal\\nfooting with that of South Carolina. The town of Savannah, in particular, and\\nthe adjacent lands, would be of much more importance and value, because Sa-\\nvannah River would be immediately cleared, a measure that would encourage\\nand occasion an immense increase of agriculture upon all the land within reach\\nof its navigation, and hence an amazing increase of produce and river naviga-\\ntion, all of which would centre in Savannah. Thus, in a state of separation from\\nSouth Carolina, Savannah could reasonably expect, and that but by slow degrees,\\nand at a distant day, only the one-half of the produce of a well-improved culti-\\nvation of the lands on that river, but by an union she would, in a very short\\ntime, receive the whole of that improved cultivation and trade and her own\\ncommerce would be increased almost beyond imagination, although she would\\nlose the seat of government. Finally, I may add, that in a state of separation, in\\nall probability Savannah will be ruined, because it will be our interest to pre-\\nserve our trade to our own people. A town will rise on the Carolina side of Sa-\\nvannah River, which will be sure to preserve our half of the trade of that river,\\nand by being wisely supported it may draw to it the other half also; and let it\\nnot be said, we cannot find a situation for a town, because it ought to be remem-\\nbered, that history is full of instances of towns having been built and made to\\nflourish in situations that had been deemed impracticable for such purposes.\\nRivers and lands make wealthy towns for these are natural causes the pre-\\nsence and expenses of a few officers of Government are but as drops of water in\\nthe ocean these go but a little way towards filling a Government post with\\nloaded ships. The principal materials for the building of such towns are policy\\nand opulence I thank God, Carolina is known not to be in want of either.\\nIn short, sir, it was in vain I declared that Georgia should not be liable to pay\\na shilling of the public debts of South Carolina; that we would not be unwilling\\neven to aid Georgia in the discharge of her own that we would condition\\nagainst the taking up of great tracts of land south of Savannah River; and that\\nwe were desirous of granting, in the treaty of union, whatever they could rea-\\nsonably ask for in case of an union. It would be the duty and interest of the in-\\nhabitants north of Savannah River to promote the prosperity of those south of it,\\nequally the same, as it was the duty and interest of the people in Georgia, north\\nof Ogeechee, to aid those south of that river. Upon the whole, that we sought\\nto promote the general welfare, and that we knew such an end would not be ob-\\ntained, but by an union having justice and equity for its basis.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0228.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "JOHN ADAM TREUTLEN. 205\\nHaving discoursed upon such topics about an hour, I delivered a written pro-\\nposition as a groundwork to proceed upon, and then departed. The Convention\\nthen determined (as it was said) to consider the subject the next day and in the\\nmeantime, in the evening, I repaired to Dr. Jones, their Speaker, and informed\\nhim, that as the Public Body of Georgia had heard at large the Carolina reason-\\nings upon the expediency of the union, I thought it equitable that the repre-\\nsentatives of Carolina should also hear at large the Georgia reasonings upon the\\nsame subject, in order that if objections were made, they might, by knowing,\\nhave an opportunity of endeavouring to obviate them and I desired he would,\\nin the morning, take the sense of the Convention on this subject; he did so, and\\ninformed me that I was not to be admitted, as a public person, to hear their\\nreasonings. Thus, while I found they had shut my mouth, I was made sensible\\nthat they thought their objections would appear to be more weighty by being\\nsecured against the possibility of a reply And so Mr. Button Gwinnett appeared\\nas the champion against me, when he had taken care to deprive me of an op-\\nportunity of exposing the fallacy of his arguments.\\nHowever, I took notes of his principal answers to what I had said; and in\\nan hour after, in presence of an officer of high military rank, and of three or four\\nmembers of the Convention, I produced those notes, and asked if they were just;\\nand they agreed with me that what he had said was either gross misrepresen-\\ntations of what I had advanced, or no answer to my arguments. In the after-\\nnoon, the Convention delivered to me a paper containing their rejection of the\\nproffered union; founded, as 1 apprehend, upon a reason which does not exist in\\nnature. For they declared, they could not treat of an union, because of such a\\nparticular article (which they specified) in, as they said, the Confederation of the\\nUnited States, to which they had acceded. A confederation, sir, which I do assure\\nyou never existed as a public act of the general Congress binding upon the\\nStates but which, nevertheless, the Convention were taught to receive as a pub-\\nlic act of Congress, and to consider as such. The Convention were certainly\\ninnocent, but some individual is culpable. I received the paper, and in silenco\\nquitted the room.\\n1 am, Sir,\\nYour most humble servant,\\nW. H. Drayton.\\nHumphrey Wells, Esq.,\\nNear Augusta, Ga.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0229.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "20H HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA..\\nThe following is the Proclamation issued by Governor Treutlen\\nin regard to the Hon. W. H. Drayton and others\\nGEORGIA.\\nBy his Honour John Adam Treutlen, Esquire, Captain-General, Governour, and\\nCommander-in-Chief in and over the said State.\\nA PROCLAMATION.\\nWhereas it hath been represented unto me, that William Henry Drayton,\\nof the State of South Carolina, Esq., and divers other persons, whose names are\\nyet unknown, are UNLAWFULLY endeavouring to POISON the minds of the\\ngood people of this State against the Government thereof, and for that purpose\\nare, by letters, petitions, and otherwise, daily exciting animosities among the\\ninhabitants, under the pretence of redressing imaginary grievances, which by the\\nsaid William Henry Drayton it is said this State labours under, the better to\\neffect, under such specious pretences, an union between the States of Georgia\\nand South Carolina, all which are contrary to the Articles of Confederation, en-\\ntered into, ratified, and confirmed by this State as a cement of union between\\nthe same and the other United and Independent States of America, and also\\nagainst the resolution of the Convention of this State, in that case made and en-\\ntered into THEREFORE, that such pernicious practices may be put an end to,\\nand which, if not in due time prevented, may be of the most dangerous conse-\\nquences, I HAVE, by and with the advice and consent of the Executive Council\\nof this State, thought fit to issue this Proclamation, hereby offering a reward of\\nONE HUNDRED POUNDS, lawful money of the said State, to be paid to any\\nperson or persons who shall apprehend the said William Henry Drayton, or any\\nother person or persons aiding and abetting him in such unlawful practices, upon\\nhis or their conviction And I DO hereby strictly charge and require all ma-\\ngistrates and other persons to be vigilant and active in SUPPRESSING THE\\nSAME, and to take all lawful ways and means for the discovering and appre-\\nhending of such offender or offenders, so that he or they may be brought to con-\\ndign punishment.\\nGIVEN under my Hand and Seal in the Council Chamber at\\nSavannah, this fifteenth day of July, one thousand seven\\nhundred and seventy-seven.\\nJohn Adam Treutlen.\\nBy his Honours Command,\\nJames Whitefield, Secretary.\\nGOD SAVE THE CONGRESS.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0230.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "JOHN ADAM TREUTLEN. 207\\nMR. DRAYTON S REPLY.\\nTo his Honour, John Adam Treutlen, Esquire, Captain-General, Governour, and\\nCommander-in-Chief of the State of Georgia, and to those Members of his Ex-\\necutive Council who advised the above Proclamation.\\nThat terrible performance, which, by the by, most wise and respected rulers,\\nwas torn down, as it were, from under your noses, almost as soon as it was stuck\\nup in Savannah, reached this place only last night; and, with all imaginable\\ntenderness, I beg leave to assure you, that it is only to your own handy work you\\nare indebted for this public reprehension.\\nIn plain terms, I tell you your Proclamation is a compound of nonsense and\\nfalsehoods. It is illegal and void in itself, for your law does not consider that an\\noffence which you proclaim to be so. The King of Great Britain s late Proclama-\\ntion, even although by advice of the House of Commons, to apprehend VVheble,\\nthe printer, is a case in point. The party was apprehended, but a magistrate of\\nLondon, knowing that an apprehension under such a Proclamation was illegal,\\ndischarged him. But to satisfy you how I regard your Proclamation, and the\\npeople of Georgia what an empty thing it is, I do hereby promise to furnish the\\nnecessary sums of money to institute and prosecute an action of damages for\\nfalse imprisonment against the party who shall apprehend any one in conse-\\nquence of it And I hint to you, that the famous cases of the journeymen prin-\\nters against the King s messengers are in terrorem.\\nThe Confederation you speak of is an imposition upon the people of Georgia,\\nno other of the States of America but yours having ratified or even considered of\\nany such thing, or have had it to consider of. Pray how did you blunder upon it?\\nThe Congress never sent it to you why, they have not even concluded upon\\nsuch a thing themselves. Nor does the resolution you mention warrant your\\nassertion relative to letters, petitions, animosities. imaginary grievances,\\nabout ALL WHICH, to use your own words, it is absolutely silent. Why you\\nreally bring yourselves into utter contempt, proclaiming, as you do, to the people,\\nthings that are not. Let me whisper in your ears, that this Proclamation of yours\\nis not the first instance of your doing so.\\nYou say, I was daily exciting animosities among the inhabitants, under the\\npretence of redressing imaginary grievances; but you cannot prove that I even\\nfor an hour endeavoured to excite animosities. I was not among your inhabitants\\neight and forty hours. Twelve of these I spent in bed, the others at private en-\\ntertainments by invitation, or while I travelled an unavoidable route during the\\nwhole time of which even the subject of an union or your mal-administration was\\nscarce mentioned. To some gentlemen of Georgia who applied to me in my\\nown State, I spoke in plain terms of the real grievances under which they laboured.\\nUpon their desire, I threw the matter into the form of a petition for a redress of\\nthem; and do you dare to threaten petitioners, or the promoters of petitions, for\\nredress of grievances, with imprisonment You would deserve to be hanged for\\ndoing so, but that you know not what you do.\\nIn the year 1679, Charles the Second issued a Proclamation against petitions\\nfor specious purposes relating to the public, for that they tended to promote", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0231.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "208 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\ndiscontents among the people, and to raise sedition and rebellion. But when the\\nParliament met they voted that the subject had a right to petition, and that to\\ntraduce petitioning as tumultuous, is betraying the liberty of the subject, and tends to\\nthe introducing of arbitrary power. Lord Chief Justice North drew the Procla-\\nmation and the Parliament ordered him to be impeached for it He escaped\\ncondign punishment, only because of his great caution in the draught of the Pro-\\nclamation, in which he only commanded all magistrates and other officers to\\nwhom it shall appertain, to take effectual care that all such offenders against the\\nlaws be prosecuted and punished according to their demerits. These magistrates\\nand other officers saw no demerit in petitioning for a redress of grievances they\\ntherefore issued no process against persons promoting such petitions but you (as\\ntraitors or simpletons only would do) traduce petitioning, and order petitioners to\\nbe apprehended\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a. step that Lord Chief Justice North did not even dare to advise.\\nAs things are situated in Georgia, and as that Government is conducted, I\\nthink I am bound to proclaim to your people and turn about^ you know, is but\\nfair play\u00e2\u0080\u0094 that in my opinion, which, I believe, will go farther with them than\\nyours to the contrary, their property is not secure under your Government a\\ndisgrace and detriment to the American cause; that the life and liberty of the\\nsubject are in the greatest danger under your management, or we should not,\\namong many other enormities, have seen George M Intosh, Esq., who I consider as\\nan abused gentleman, arbitrarily ordered into a distant State, to be tried by those\\nwho have no jurisdiction in such a case, and far out of the reach of a jury of his\\nvicinage circumstances of tyranny, and total disregard to the most valuable\\nrights of the people, that not only ought to alarm every honest and sensible man\\nin Georgia, but fill such with indignation against you; that I highly approve the\\nproposed union, and will promote it to the utmost of my power, notwithstanding (as\\nyou think) your formidable Proclamations that now, having the very great honour\\nof addressing you, I snatch the opportunity to make even yourselves co-operate in\\nadvancing my plan of an union, and to make you instruments to convey to the\\ninhabitants of Georgia my most friendly and pressing recommendations, that\\nwhile their Assembly shall be sitting, they will redouble their efforts to procure a\\nredress of their grievances and an union with this State and this my declaration,\\nthat I am inclined to think you are concealed Tories, or their tools, who have\\nclambered up, or have been put into office, in order to burlesque Government and\\n1 never saw a more extravagant burlesque upon the subject than you exhibit that\\nthe people might be sick of an American Administration, and strive to return under\\nthe British domination, merely for the sake of endeavouring to procure something\\nlike law and order. I respect the people of Georgia but, most wise rulers, kiss-\\ning your hands, I cannot but laugh at some folks. Can you guess who they are\\nA.nd so you would fain use me ill. It is well for you that I am in a most excel-\\nlent humour. See how handsomely I will treat you. A good book says,\\nBLESS them that C UESE you. Let me assure you I obey the precept most\\ndevoutly. Could you have expected such a return\\nI have now answered your Proclamation, with what, as great folks should use\\ngreat titles, I call a declaration. If you are content, I am satisfied, and we may\\npossibly be good friends yet. However, if you have a mind to amuse the public", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0232.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "JOHN HOUSTOUN. 209\\nwith any other productions of your masterly pens, and wish to draw me in to con-\\ntribute to the entertainment, I have no objection to be of the party j but I warn\\nyou beforehand, that whatever I contribute shall be entirely at your expense.\\nThis is but equitable so if you are for such a frolic, I am, with all due respect to\\nyour dignities and compassion to your follies, Tout a vous,\\nWilliam Henry Drayton.\\nSouth Carolina, Charlestown,\\nAugust 1, 1777.\\nJOHN HOUSTOUN.\\nJohn Houstoun, a son of Sir Patrick Houstoun, was among the\\nearliest and most zealous advocates of the Colonies. At a crisis so\\nmomentous, it was fortunate for Georgia that there were men like\\nMr. Houstoun, willing and able to serve her. On the 15th of July,\\n1775, he was appointed one of the representatives of the Province to\\nthe Congress in Philadelphia and the same honour was conferred\\nupon him the 2d of February, 1776. His name would have appeared\\non the Declaration of American Independence, had he not been called\\nfrom Congress to counteract the influences of the Rev. Mr Zubly, a\\ndelegate from Georgia, who had suddenly left Philadelphia for the\\npurpose of using his efforts at home against the Declaration. On\\nthe 8th of May, 1 777, Mr. Houstoun was appointed a member of the\\nExecutive Council and on the 8th of January, 1778, was elected\\nGovernor of Georgia. The invasion of East Florida had long been a\\nfavourite object of Mr. Houstoun and soon after his elevation to the\\nExecutive chair, he expressed to Major-General Robert Flowe, then\\nin command of the Southern Department, his willingness to co-operate\\nwith him in this expedition. The force thought necessary for the ex-\\npedition being raised, General Howe, accompanied by Governor\\nHoustoun, proceeded against East Florida. Arriving at the St.\\nMary s River, numerous obstacles prevented further progress, and a\\ncouncil of war was called to decide whether a retreat would not be\\nproper and it was determined that, under present circumstances, a\\nretreat was not only expedient, but absolutely necessary. Governor\\nHoustoun was a man of high spirit, and was unwilling to relinquish\\nthe command of the Georgia militia to General Howe and this mis-\\nunderstanding between the Governor and the General was probably\\none of the principal causes which led to the failure of the expedition.\\nIn 1784, he was again Governor of Georgia. In 1787, in conjunction\\nwith John Habersham and Lachlan Mcintosh, he was appointed a\\nCommissioner by the General Assembly, on the part and behalf of the\\nState of Georgia, for settling disputes respecting boundary with the\\nState of South Carolina but he differed in opinion from the other\\nCommissioners, and protested against their proceedings. His protest\\nmay be found on page 666, in Marbury and Crawford s Digest. Mr\\nHoustoun was by profession a lawyer, comparable to any of his day\\nHe died at White Bluff, near Savannah, July 20, 1796..\\n14", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0233.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "210 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA\\nJOHN WERE AT.\\nThis gentleman took an early and decided part in favour of Ame-\\nrican liberty. He was one of the representatives in the first Pro-\\nvincial Congress of Georgia, in 1775. He was Speaker of the\\nProvincial Congress of 1776, and acted with distinguished patriotism\\nduring the whole period of the American Revolution. After Savannah\\nfell into the hands of the enemy, the Legislature dispersed without\\nappointing a Governor for the succeeding year. Mr. Wereat, as\\nPresident of the Executive Council, continued the operation of the\\nfunctions of Government, and issued a proclamation, directing that\\na general election for members of the Assembly should be held.* In\\n1782, the people west of- Augusta suffered much for want of food, and\\nMr. Wereat employed his negroes and boats for a considerable time\\nin carrying rice up the river to relieve them from want. He was\\nremarkable for his financial talents, which he exerted with much use-\\nfulness to his country. He was President of the Convention of\\nGeorgia which ratified the Federal Constitution at Augusta, 2d of\\nJanuary, 1788. He died in Bryan County, in 1798.\\nGEORGE WALTON\\nLike many illustrious men who have adorned the annals of this\\nand other countries, Mr. Walton owed the distinction to which he\\nattained to his own efforts. He was born in Frederick County, Vir-\\nginia, in 1740, and received no other education except that which he\\nacquired during the intervals of labour. He was apprenticed to learn\\nthe trade of a carpenter and such was his thirst for knowledge, that\\nPROCLAMATION.\\nAugusta, in the State of Georgia, November 4, 1779.\\nWhereas, from the invasion of the State by the enemy, in December last, the absence\\nof many of the members elected to represent the different counties in the House of Re-\\npresentatives for the present year, with unavoidable causes, several ineffectual attempts\\nhave been made to convene a Legal House of Representatives and whereas, it is es-\\nsential to the welfare and happiness of the State, that a Legal and Constitutional House\\nof Assembly should be convened We, therefore, earnestly recommend to such of the citi-\\nzens of this State as have preserved their fidelity to the cause of America, and were\\ninhabitants of the counties of Chatham, Liberty, Glynn, Camden, and Effingham, prior to\\nthe reduction of these counties by the British forces, to repair to such place within this\\nState as to them shall appear most safe and convenient, on the first Tuesday in\\nDecember next, that being the day appointed by the Constitution for a general election\\nthroughout the State, in order to elect persons to represent those counties in the General\\nAssembly for the ensuing year, that a full, free, and equal representation may be had, to\\nproceed on business of the utmost importance to the community and it is the opinion\\nof this Board, that this town would be the most eligible, in the present situation of affairs,\\nfor the meeting of the Assembly, which will be the first Tuesday in January next,\\nagreeably to the Constitution of the State.\\nBy order of the Board.\\nJohn Wereat, President.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0234.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "RICHARD HOWLEY. 211\\nhe collected lightwood during the day, by the light of which he would\\npursue his studies, his master not allowing him the use of a candle.\\nAfter his apprenticeship had expired he removed to Georgia, and\\ncommenced the study of law in the office of Henry Young, Esq.\\nAbout the time that he commenced practice, the Colonies were con-\\ntending against the tyranny of Great Britain, and Walton did not\\nhesitate to advocate the cause of his injured country. In the first\\ncall, published in the Georgia Gazette, for a meeting of the friends of\\nliberty, to be held at Tondee s Tavern, 27th July, 1774, Mr. Walton s\\nname first appears in the history of Georgia. On the 12th of Janu-\\nary, 1775, another meeting was held, and with great earnestness he\\nendeavoured to convince those who doubted the propriety of the mea-\\nsures which the other colonies had adopted, that further efforts to\\nobtain a redress of grievances were wholly useless. At this period\\nhe acquired the reputation of a determined patriot. In February,\\n1776, his talents and patriotism were recognized by the Legislature,\\nby appointing him a delegate to Congress. Between February and\\nJune of this year, he appears to have been in Virginia, exerting him-\\nself in behalf of his country. Mr. Walton was six times elected a\\nrepresentative to Congress, and the journals of that body show his\\nhigh standing. His name is affixed to the Declaration of American\\nIndependence. When Savannah was taken by the British troops\\nunder Colonel Campbell, he commanded a battalion on the right of\\nGeneral Howe s army. In this battle he was wounded and taken\\nprisoner. He was paroled until he recovered from his wound, and\\nthen transferred to Sunbury, as a prisoner of war. In 1779 he was ex-\\nchanged, and in October of this year he was elected Governor of the\\nState of Georgia. Many other important offices were conferred upon\\nhim, among which was that of Judge of the Superior Court, the\\nduties of which he discharged for fifteen years, and until the day of\\nhis death, which took place at Augusta, February 2d, 1801.\\nRICHARD HOWLEY.\\nWe have not had it in our power to collect materials sufficient to\\nenable us to furnish our readers with anything like a satisfactory\\nmemoir of this gentleman.\\nThe records of the State prove that he filled many responsible ol\\nfices. He was a lawyer by profession, and from what we have been\\nable to learn, attained to great eminence. He represented Liberty\\nCounty in the Legislature of Georgia, and was elected Governor at\\nAugusta, January 4, 1780. When the State was overrun by the\\nBritish, a council of officers was held at McLean s Avenue, near\\nAugusta, at which Governor Howley, his Council, his Secretary of", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0235.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "212 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nState, besides several militia and Continental officers, were present\\nand after the consideration of various plans, they determined to retreat\\nto North Carolina, and narrowly escaped capture on the way.\\nMcCall says\\nDuring the brief administration of Governor Howley, the gay and\\njoyous temperament of that gentleman, and of his Secretary of State,\\nsustained the spirits of the fugitive Council from sinking into gloom\\nand despondency.\\nThe value of paper money was at that time so depreciated, that\\nthe Governor dealt it out by the quire for a night s lodging for his\\nparty and if the fare was anything extraordinary, the landlord was\\ncompensated with two quires, the Governor gravely signing a draft\\nupon the Treasurer, made out in due form, for the delivery of the\\nsame.\\nMr. Howley was a member of the Continental Congress in 1780-1.\\nIn the latter year some apprehensions were entertained that it was\\nthe design of Congress to give up Georgia to the British. The del-\\negation from Georgia, of which Mr. Howley was one, protested\\nagainst any such measure, and published a remonstrance against it.\\nMr. Howley has a daughter residing in Savannah, the venerable Mrs.\\nStebbins, well known as one among the most intelligent and amiable\\nladies in Georgia.*\\nSTEPHEN HEARD.\\nStephen Heard was one among the most active officers of the Revo-\\nlutionary War. He was born in Ireland, and with his father, John\\nHeard, emigrated to Virginia, during the period of the French war.\\nIn those stirring times, education beyond the common branches was\\nenjoyed by few, and Mr. Heard was not among that few. He served\\nunder General Washington, during the French war, as a captain, and\\nacquitted himself with honour. In 17 when hundreds of the people\\nof Virginia were emigrating to other States, Mr. Heard came to Wilkes\\nCounty, Georgia, and settled on Fishing Creek. But little time was\\nafforded him to cultivate the soil for hostilities having taken place\\nbetween Great Britain and her Colonies, he hastened to the standard\\nof liberty, and under Colonel Elijah Clarke, contributed his best\\nefforts in defending the western portions of Georgia against the at\\nWe copy the following from the Royal Gazette, published in Charleston, on the 24th\\nof October, 1781, to show what the enemy thought of the patriots of Georgia\\nWe hear from Augusta, thai the Rebel Junto there are endeavouring to outdo each other\\nin every species of rapine and villany. Even Howley and his associates were gentlemen\\ncompared to the present set. The mock Governor is led by the nose by young Eustace,\\nand Sam Stirk directs the Council, who have got one Meyrick Davis, an old miller, from\\nBriar Creek, for their President. When such murdering villains as Dunn, Inman, and\\nMackey are Colonels Councillors, and Assemblymen, it is easy to guess what must be\\nthe result of their counsels.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0236.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "NATHAN BROWNSON. 213\\ntacks of a cruel enemy. At the battle of Kettle Creek, he acted a\\ndistinguished part, not only by encouraging the Americans by his\\npatriotic speeches, but also by taking an active part in the engage-\\nment. During a portion of the time in which Georgia was overrun\\nby the British, and gloom sat upon the countenances of all, he was\\nPresident of the Executive Council, and in this capacity did all in\\nhis power to inspire the desponding people with hope. After the\\nwar he resumed his agricultural pursuits, and was among the most\\ninfluential men in Wilkes. He was Chief Justice of the Inferior\\nCourt, and a Trustee of the Academy at Washington. He died 15th\\nNovember 1815.\\nNATHAN BROWNSON.\\nThis gentleman was a physician in Liberty County, being intro-\\nduced to the citizens of this portion of the State by Dr. Dunwoody,a\\npatriot of the Revolution, and the first physician that practised medi-\\ncine south of the Ogeechee, before the Revolution. Dr. Brownson was\\nan early supporter of the rights of his country. For some time he\\nwas connected with the Continental Line of the Georgia Brigade, as\\nsurgeon. His name occurs frequently upon our State records, and\\nproves that he was a man of considerable prominency.\\nHe was Speaker of the Legislature of 1781, and by that body was\\nelected Governor of Georgia. The address of the House to him upon\\nhis election was highly complimentary to his general character.\\nAfter his election he issued the following Proclamation\\nSince the present crisis demands the most vigorous exertions on the part of\\neach individual to finish the glorious contest in which we are engaged, and jus-\\ntice requires that the weight of the difficulties still to be surmounted before we can\\nreach that happy period should be equally divided and since the present situa-\\ntion of Georgia claims the assistance of all her citizens, in consequence of a resolu-\\ntion of the Hon. House of Assembly of this State, I publish the present Proclama-\\ntion, by which it is decreed that all who consider themselves as citizens, shall\\nreturn hither within the different spaces of time hereafter prescribed that is to\\nsay if they are in South Carolina within thirty days, if in North Carolina in\\nsixty, if in Virginia ninety, and if further northward four months; and we as-\\nsure by these presents, all those who neglect or refuse to conform to them, that\\nin consequence of the aforesaid resolution, their landed property will be charged\\nwith a treble tax, commencing from the expiration of the time fixed for their\\nreturn.\\nSigned by my hand, and sealed with the great seal of the State, at Augusta,\\n24th of August, 1781, in the sixth year of the Independence of America.\\nNathan Brownsc*).", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0237.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "214 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OP GEORGIA.\\nHe was a member of the Continental Congress of 1776 and 1778,\\nSpeaker of the House of Representatives of Georgia in 1788, and\\nPresident of the Senate in 1789, 90 and 91, and member of the\\nConvention that formed the Constitution of Georgia in 1789.\\nHe was distinguished for his good sense. He was taciturn and\\ndignified. He died at his plantation, in the county of Liberty, in\\nNovember, 1796. His expiring moments, says one, were marked\\nwith that peculiar firmness of mind which distinguished him through\\nlife and his last words, delivered in whispers, were more sublimely\\neloquent than all the studied declamation of the pulpit The scene,\\nsaid Mr. Brownson, is now closing the business of life is nearly\\nover. I have, like the rest of my fellow-creatures, been guilty of\\nfoibles, but I trust to the mercy of my God to pardon them, and to his\\njustice to reward my good deeds.\\nJOHN MARTIN,\\nDuring our Revolutionary struggle, was a zealous and active de-\\nfender of the liberties of his country. He was a member of the first\\nProvincial Congress of Georgia, which assembled in the city of Sa-\\nvannah, on the 4th of July, 1775. It will be remembered that the re-\\nsolutions adopted by this body were of the most spirited character.\\nMany of its members afterwards gave unquestionable proofs of the\\nsincerity of these resolutions, and of their determination to peril\\neverything in behalf of their country. Among these was Mr. Martin.\\nHe first entered the army as a Captain, in the Continental Line of the\\nGeorgia Brigade. In 1781 he was a Lieutenant-Colonel, and a mem-\\nber of the Legislature from the county of Chatham. In 1782, he\\nwas elected Governor of Georgia, and in the communication of the\\nLegislature informing him of his election, the integrity and patriotism\\nwhich he evinced from the beginning of the contest are highly praised.\\nWe think it was when Mr. Martin was Governor that the Legisla-\\nture passed a resolution directing him to purchase, for the use of the\\nExecutive, Council, and House of Assembly, twenty-three pounds of\\ncoffee, three hundred and seventy pounds of sugar, sixteen bushels of\\nsalt, and forty-two gallons of rum and a Committee was appointed to\\ndesignate a mode for the distribution of the articles purchased by the\\nGovernor, viz. Washington, Bugg, Bonnell, Williamson, and Lewis.\\nWhen Savannah was evacuated by the British in 1783, Mr. Martin\\nwas Governor of Georgia. General Wayne was requested to procure\\nfrom him assurances that the persons and property of such inhabi-\\ntants as thought proper to remain in the town should be protected\\nbut he declined entering into any stipulations, alleging that the Ex-\\necutive and Judiciary were separate and distinct, and that over the\\nlatter he had no control.*\\nMcCall.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0238.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "LYMAN HALL SAMUEL ELBERT. 215\\nL YM AN HALL.\\nDr. Lyman Hall was born in Connecticut, in 1731, and was\\ngraduated at Yale College, 1747. After his collegiate course, he\\nstudied medicine, removed to Dorchester, South Carolina, and finally\\ncame to Georgia, and settled in St. John s Parish, now the County\\nof Liberty. The inhabitants of this parish sent Dr. Hall as their\\ndelegate to the Continental Congress. Upon taking his seat, a diffi-\\nculty arose as to whether the Parish of St. John should be considered\\nas representing the Colony of Georgia. Mr. Hall expressed a wish\\nmerely to hear and assist in the debates, as he only represented a part\\nof Georgia, and to vote only when the sentiments of Congress were\\nnot taken by colonies. Soon after this, Georgia, by her Provincial\\nAssembly, determined to join the other colonies, and Lyman Hall,\\nwith others, was selected to represent the whole Province. Mr.\\nHall s name appears among the signers of the Declaration of Inde-\\npendence. When the enemy took possession of Georgia, he was\\ncompelled to remove his family to the North. In 1782, he returned\\nto Georgia, and in the succeeding year was elected Governor of that\\nState. He afterwards removed to the County of Burke, where he\\ndied, in the sixty-seventh year of his age.\\nSAMUEL ELBERT.\\nThis gentleman was born in South Carolina, in the year 1740. At\\nan early age he became an orphan, and went to Savannah to seek\\nemployment. Here he engaged in mercantile pursuits, and con-\\ntinued to be so engaged until the commencement of the American\\nRevolution.\\nA Council of Safety was appointed on the 22d of June, 1775, of\\nwhich he was elected a member. The General Assembly of Georgia\\npassed a resolution to raise a battalion of Continental troops and on\\nthe 4th of February, 1776, he was appointed Lieut.-Colonel. On the\\n16th of September, 1776, he was promoted to the rank of Colonel\\nand in May, 1777, he commanded in an expedition intended by Presi-\\ndent Gwinnett for the reduction of East Florida. On the 19th of\\nApril. 1778, Colonel Elbert having heard that some British vessels\\nwere at anchor at Frederica, obtained the galleys, and manned them\\nwith some of his own landsmen, and captured them.* The troops\\nunder his command at the battle at Savannah, 29th of December,\\n1779, made a brave but ineffectual resistance.\\nSee under the head of Glynn County.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0239.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "216 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nThe next battle in which Colonel Elbert was engaged was at\\nBriar Creek, where General Ashe, of North Carolina, commanded the\\nAmericans. This was a complete surprise and total defeat.*\\nWhen the Southern States were overrun by the British troops after\\nthe fall of Charleston, Colonel Elbert having been exchanged, went\\nnorthward, and offered his services to General Washington. They\\nwere gladly accepted by this excellent judge of human character, and\\nat the siege of Yorktown, in Virginia, Colonel Elbert was honoured\\nwith the command of the grand deposit of arms and military stores, a\\npost of great trust and responsibility and by his strict adherence to\\nhis orders, merited and received the approbation of the Commander-\\nin-Chief.\\nColonel Elbert was gradually advanced in rank by the Legislature\\nof Georgia, and finally made Major-General, the highest military\\nrank in the State. In civil offices he was also favoured, having been\\nelected Sheriff, an office then considered the most desirable and the\\nmost profitable in Georgia. In 1785 he was elected Governor, by a vote\\nalmost unanimous.\\nHe died in Savannah, on the 2d of November, 1788.\\nEDWARD TELFAIR.\\nEdward Telfair was born in Scotland, in 1735. He received an\\nEnglish education at the grammar school of Kirkcudbright.\\nAt the age of twenty-three, he came to America as an agent of a\\nmercantile house, and resided some time in Virginia. He afterwards\\nremoved to Halifax, N. C, and subsequently to Georgia, and in 1766\\nsettled in Savannah, and engaged in commercial pursuits. When the\\nstorm of the American Revolution began to lower, Mr. Telfair was\\nfound among the Sons of Liberty. At a meeting of the patriots, held\\nin the city of Savannah, on the 27th of July, 1774, he was placed\\nupon a committee appointed to draw up resolutions expressive of the\\ndetermination of Georgia to co-operate with the other Colonies in\\ndefence of their violated rights. About this time the citizens of\\nBoston were suffering much inconvenience from the effects of the\\nBoston Port Bill, and their distressed condition had excited a feeling\\nof commiseration throughout the Colonies. The friends of liberty\\nexerted themselves to render every assistance in their power to the\\ninhabitants of Boston. Contributions in money and provisions were\\nsent to them from various sections and although Georgia was weak,\\nand incapable of sending much aid, she resolved to do all which her\\nmeans would allow. Accordingly, a committee was appointed to re-\\nceive subscriptions for the relief of the suffering Bostonians, and Mr.\\nTelfair had the honour of being placed upon this committee.\\nSee under the head of Screven Countv.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0240.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "GEORGE MATTHEWS. 217\\nMr. Telfair was one of the brave band, under the direction of Mr.\\nHabersham, who broke open the magazine at Savannah, and removed\\na quantity of powder.\\nWhen the exigency of the times demanded the appointment of a\\nCouncil of Safety, such had been the devotion of Mr. Telfair to the\\ncause of freedom, that he was honoured with a seat in this illustrious\\nbody.\\nThroughout the whole Revolutionary struggle he bore a conspicu-\\nous part, and was intrusted by his fellow-citizens with the highest\\noffices.\\nIn February, 1778, he was elected by the House of Assembly of\\nGeorgia one of the delegates to represent the State in the Continental\\nCongress, and took his seat in that body on the 13th of July follow-\\ning, and on the 24th of that month signed the ratification of the Ar-\\nticles of Confederation. In November of that year, he obtained leave\\nof absence, returned to his seat on the 15th of May, 1780, and con-\\ntinued a member until January, 1783, when his term of office expired.\\nEarly in this year he was appointed, by the Governor of Georgia,\\none of the Commissioners to form a treaty with the Cherokee chiefs.\\nIn May, 1785, he was re-elected a member of Congress, but did\\nnot take his seat.\\nHe was Governor of Georgia from the 9th of January, 1786, to\\nthe 9th of January, 1787, and again from the 9th of November, 1790,\\nto the 7th of November, 1793.\\nDuring General Washington s visit to Georgia, he was brilliantly\\nentertained by Governor Telfair, at his family residence, near\\nAugusta, called the Grove.\\nHe died at Savannah, 17th September, 1807, in the seventy-second\\nyear of his age.\\nGEORGE MATTHEWS\\nWas born in Augusta County, Virginia. At an early period of life he\\ncommanded a company against the Indians at Point Pleasant, on the\\ngreat Kenhawa, and his consummate bravery at this place (10th of\\nOctober, 1774) has long been inscribed in brilliant characters on the\\nroll of fame.* At the commencement of the Revolution he was ap-\\npointed a colonel in the 9th Regiment of the Virginia Line, and with\\nhis command he joined the army of Washington, and was engaged in\\nthe battles at Germantown and Brandywine. In a skirmish he was\\ntaken prisoner, and confined on board of a prison-ship in the harbour\\nof New- York. After his exchange, he joined the army of General\\nGreene as commander of the 3d Virginia Line. In 1785, he pur-\\nchased a tract of land called the Goose Pond, on Broad River, in Geor-\\nFor a full account of the battle at Point Pleasant, see Historical Collections of Vir-\\nginia, page 361.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0241.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "218 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\ngia, to which he removed with his family. His military distinction\\nsoon made him a prominent man, and in 1780 he was elected Governor\\nof Georgia, and again in 1794, 95. During the period in which Go-\\nvernor Matthews filled the Executive chair, the Indians gave the citi-\\nzens much trouble, and his determined spirit contributed in no small\\ndegree in controlling their violence. In a former work we have given\\na particular account of this gentleman, and to it, for further information,\\nwe must refer the reader. He died at Augusta, August 30, 1812, aged\\nseventy-three years, and was buried in St. Paul s Churchyard.\\nGEORGE HANDLEY.\\nThis patriotic gentleman was the son of Thomas Handley, and\\nwas born near Sheffield, in Yorkshire, England, on the 9th of February,\\n1752. At the period of his arrival at Savannah, which was in May,\\n1775, the inhabitants were adopting measures to resist the encroach-\\nments of the British Government. It is not known with certainty at\\nwhat time Mr. Handley joined the ranks of freedom, but it is probable\\nhe did so the year after his arrival, when the Assembly of Georgia\\npassed a resolution to raise a battalion of Continental troops. He first\\nentered the army as Captain, and rose to the rank of Lieutenant-\\nColonel. During the whole struggle for liberty, he was actively en-\\ngaged in South Carolina and Georgia. In several engagements he dis-\\ntinguished himself. After the reduction of Augusta, he was sent to\\nCharleston as a prisoner of war. At the close of the war, he married\\nMiss Sarah Howe, a niece of General Elbert, and removed to Augusta.\\nHere he was highly esteemed. Besides being elected Sheriff of Rich-\\nmond County, he was repeatedly chosen a member of the Legisla-\\nture. In 1788 he was elected Governor of Georgia. In 1787 he\\nheld the office of Inspector-General of Georgia. He was also Com-\\nmissioner to the State of Franklin. In August, 1789, he was appointed\\nCollector of the Port of Brunswick by President Washington. He\\ndied at Rae s Hall, then the residence of J. Hammond, Esq., on the\\n17th of September, 1793.\\nJARED IRWIN\\nServed his country faithfully many years during the latter part of the\\nRevolutionary War, and afterwards in campaigns on the Georgia\\nfrontiers against the Indians. He at one time commanded a detach-\\nment of Georgia Militia in the Creek country. In early life he lived\\nin Burke County afterwards he removed to Washington County,\\nwhich he often represented in the Legislature. He was a Brigadier-\\nGeneral of the Militia. He was in the Convention for revising our\\nState Constitution in 1789 in a Convention for the same purpose in", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0242.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "JAMES JACKSON. 219\\n1795, and President of the Convention that formed the present Con-\\nstitution in 1798. The Presidency of the Senate was frequently con-\\nferred upon him, at various periods, from 1790 to 1818, when he died.\\nAs Governor, in 1796, he had the honour of signing the Act rescinding\\nthe Yazoo Law. He was again Governor from November 7, 1806,\\nto November 9, 1809. At the close of the war of Independence, he\\nwas a member of the first Legislature that convened under our pre-\\nsent form of government He died at Union Hill, in Washington\\nCounty, aged sixty-eight years.\\nJAMES JACKSON.\\nThis gentleman was born in England, September 21, 1757. He\\narrived in Savannah when only fifteen years of age, an entire stranger\\nto every one except John Wereat, Esq., who had been intimate with\\nhis father in England. Samuel Farley, Esq., attorney-at-law, re-\\nceived him into his office, and superintended his studies. But the\\ntimes were exciting. People spoke their sentiments freely in regard\\nto the differences between Great Britain and her colonies. Jackson\\nlaid aside his law-books, and associated himself with that portion of\\nthe citizens who had resolved no longer to wear the chains of slavery.\\nThe first time he had an opportunity of distinguishing himself was\\nwhen an attack was proposed against Savannah by a fleet of vessels\\ncommanded by Captain Barclay, aided by land forces under Majors\\nM aitland and Grant. This affair gained him the approbation of his\\nfellow-citizens, and upon the organization of a company of light in-\\nfantry, he was elected Lieutenant, and afterwards Captain, but shortly\\nafterwards resigned, from an impression that injustice had been done\\nhim by his Colonel. In the battle at Midway he commanded a party\\nof volunteers, received a wound, and acquired fresh laurels for soldier-\\nlike conduct. After the fall of Savannah, in 1778, in company with\\nhis friend Mr. Milledge, he went to South Carolina, and joined the\\ncommand of General Moultrie. During the progress of these sons of\\nliberty, barefoot and clothed in rags, they were apprehended as spies\\nby some American soldiers, and condemned to be hung. The gal-\\nlows was actually prepared, and but for the timely arrival of Major\\nPeter Deveaux, who accidentally heard of the transaction, these two\\npatriots would have been executed. In 1779, he was at the ill-fated\\nsiege of Savannah, attached, as it is thought, to the division of troops\\nunder Colonel Marbury. Georgia being now in possession of the enemy,\\nmany of its noble defenders were compelled to retreat to South Caro-\\nlina, among whom was Major Jackson. In August, 1780, General\\nSumter was attacked at Blackstock s house by Colonel Tarlton. In\\nthis action, the bravery of Jackson was not surpassed by that of any\\nother officer.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0243.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "220 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nThe battle of Cowpens gave Jackson another opportunity of evin\\ncing his unconquerable desire to serve his country. Having raised a\\nlegion, according to General Greene s orders, he received his com-\\nmission as Lieutenant-Colonel, which was afterwards confirmed by\\nCongress.\\nJackson s arrangements at the beginning of the attack upon Au-\\ngusta contributed in a great degree to the success of the American\\narms. He led one of the advance parties, and performed other peril-\\nous duties with great honour to himself. After the surrender of the\\ntown, he received orders to level the fortifications, to collect as many\\nmen as possible, and join the army of General Greene but having\\nmarched about thirty miles, he found it impossible to reach the main\\narmy, and therefore returned to Augusta, of which he had been ap-\\npointed commandant.\\nIn July he was ordered to advance towards Savannah, and take\\npost midway between this town and Augusta. Before Colonel Jack-\\nson with his legion reached Ebenezer, he had several skirmishes with\\nthe foe, in which he was generally victorious. On the 2d of Novem-\\nber, 1781, he determined to surprise the British post at the Ogeechee\\nFerry. His approach to the post was conducted with so much ad-\\ndress, that it was not perceived until the demand was made upon it to\\nsurrender. In consequence of the improper conduct of Captain Pat-\\nrick Carr, Jackson was compelled to abandon his enterprise. With his\\nforce much thinned, he proceeded about a mile, when he attacked a\\nhouse in which were fifteen Loyalists, commanded by Captain How-\\nell and the whole party were either killed or taken prisoners. A\\nfew hours after this affair, he was attacked by a superior force, con-\\nsisting of the whole British cavalry from Savannah, under Lieut.-\\nCol. Campbell, and compelled to retreat to a swamp but not until\\nhe had killed or disabled as many of the foe as he had men under his\\nown command. Efforts were made to dislodge him, but the Colonel\\ncould not easily be caught. Taking advantage of the night, he re-\\ntreated towards Ebenezer. Upon reaching Ebenezer, he was order-\\ned by General Twiggs to retreat to Burke County, for the purpose of\\nreinforcements. After his force had been considerably augmented,\\nhe was for some time engaged in cutting off the foraging parties of\\nthe enemy.\\nOn the 12th of July, 1782, the British evacuated Savannah, and\\nGeneral Wayne honoured Colonel Jackson with the distinction of re-\\nceiving from them the surrender and keys of the town. He entered\\nit with his ever-faithful cavalry, having the proud satisfaction of being\\nthe first American officer who in actual command had been within its\\nlines since its fall, in 1778.\\nAfter the war, Colonel Jackson took up his residence in Savan-\\nnah, and married Miss Mary Charlotte Young, daughter of William\\nYoung, Esq., an ardent patriot, and devoted himself to the practice of\\nlaw, in which he soon became eminent. When elected to the Legis-\\nlature, with a magnanimity eminently characteristic of him, he laid\\naside his Revolutionary animosity against some of the Tories, who", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0244.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "DAVID EMANUEL. 221\\nwere greatly indebted to his exertions in procuring for them a release\\nfrom the penalties of the confiscation acts.\\nIn 1784 he became Colonel of the First Regiment, and in 1786 he\\nreceived the commission of Brigadier-General the duties of which\\nwere peculiarly arduous, involving the charge of the operations against\\nthe Indians. When only thirty-one years of age he was elected Go-\\nvernor of Georgia, but for reasons which he deemed satisfactory, he\\nrefused to serve. About this time he was made Grand Master of the\\nGrand Lodge of Masons in Georgia, and Honorary Member of the State\\nSociety of the Cincinnati. In 1789 he was elected to represent the\\nEastern District in the first Congress held under the Federal Consti-\\ntution. Between this period and 1806 he held almost every hio-h\\noffice in Georgia, viz. member of the Legislature, Major-General,\\nmember of the Convention that framed the present Constitution of\\nthe State, of which he wrote the greater part Elector for Presi-\\ndent and Vice-President Governor, and Senator to Congress. In\\n1791, General Anthony Wayne, who had become a citizen of Georgia,\\nwas induced to become a candidatejn opposition to General Jackson for\\nthe same district in Congress. An animated contest took place. Gene-\\nral Wayne was returned. General Jackson presented himself before the\\nHouse of Representatives in February, 1792, contested the return,\\npersonally conducted his claim to the seat, and obtained a decision,\\nawarded without a dissenting voice, that General Wayne was not en-\\ntitled to retain it. By the casting vote of the Speaker alone, the\\nHouse refused to declare General Jackson elected. Of Mr. Jackson s\\nagency in defeating the Yazoo speculation, the author has spoken\\nin a pamphlet recently published by him.* In the establishment of\\nthe University at Athens, Mr. Jackson cheerfully co-operated with\\nBaldwin, Milledge, and other friends of education. In 1802 he was\\nassociated with Abraham Baldwin and John Milledge in ceding to\\nthe United States the State territory west of the Chattahoochee. Mr.\\nJackson died in the City of Washington, on the 19lh of March,\\n1806, whilst serving as Senator from Georgia.\\nDAVID EMANUEL.\\nDavid Emanuel came to Georgia about 1768 or 1770, and settled\\nin Burke County. At a very early age he took up arms in defence of\\nhis country. Burke County was the scene of some severe skirmish-\\nes between the Americans and British, in which Emanuel participated.\\nOn one occasion he was captured by a party of Loyalists commanded\\nby Captain Brantley, and conveyed to McBean s Creek, where, after\\nconsultation, it was determined to shoot him. Brantley ordered a large\\nfire to be kindled, and made Emanuel and his fellow-prisoners, Lewis\\nand Davis, take off their clothes, with the exception of their shirts\\nHistory of the Yazoo Fraud.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0245.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "222 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nThey then designated three men to shoot them, and placed the prison-\\ners between them and the fire. The word fire was then given, upon\\nwhich Davis and Lewis received their death-shots but the man who\\nwas directed to dispatch Emanuel missed his aim, upon which our\\nhero, with the rapidity of lightning, leaped over the fire and made his\\nescape. For many years he was a member of the Legislature from\\nBurke County. He was President of the Senate, and for some time\\nfilled the Executive chair. He is represented to have been a fine-\\nlooking man, amiable, of good judgment and inflexible integrity. He\\ndied in 1808, at the age of sixty-four years.\\nJOSI AH TATTNALL\\nThis gentleman was the son of Colonel Josiah Tattnall, and was\\nborn at Bonaventure, below Savannah, a place owned by his grand-\\nfather, Colonel Mullryne.\\nHe was sent to Nassau to school, where he remained for eighteen\\nmonths after which his uncle placed him on board of a man-of-war\\nship, to prevent his return to Georgia. He was under the patronage\\nof the captain, with assurances of rapid promotion if he behaved well.\\nThe ship was bound for India,\\nHaving procured a little money from his godfather, a gentleman of\\nthe name of Elliott, who had lived in Georgia, unknown to his parents\\nor uncle, he found his way back to America.\\nAt the age of eighteen he landed, without a shilling in his pocket,\\non the north side of the Savannah River, and travelling alone on foot\\nthrough the country, arrived at Purysburg, where he crossed into\\nGeorgia, and then joined the army of General Wayne, at Ebenezer.\\nThe war was closing, and no opportunity was presented for drawing\\nhis sword in defence of freedom. On the surrender of Savannah he\\nwas immediately placed in office.\\nIn 1792 he had command of the Chatham Artillery. In 1793 he\\nbecame Colonel of the regiment. In 1800 he was elected Brigadier-\\nGeneral of the First Brigade of the First Division. In his military\\ncapacity he rendered important services in 1788 and 1793, in or-\\nganizing detachments of militia sent from Chatham into the counties\\nof Bryan, Liberty, and Mcintosh, then much troubled by the Indians.\\nIn 1797 and 1798, Colonel Tattnall was much engaged, when not\\nin attendance upon the sessions of Congress, in the drill of his regi-\\nment. He was frequently sent to the Legislature. He served in the\\nyear 1796 at Louisville, in the General Assembly that rescinded the\\nYazoo Act of January, 1795.\\nHe died in the West Indies, in 1804. His dying request was, that his\\nbody should be removed to his native State. The Hon. Nathaniel Hall,\\nof Nassau, to whom the management of his affairs was committed,\\ncomplied with his last wishes, and accompanied his remains to\\nGeorgia, and deposited them in the burial-ground at Bonaventure.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0246.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "JOHN MILLEDGE. 223\\nJOHN MILLEDGE\\nThe ancestors of this gentleman came to Georgia with General\\nOglethorpe. He was born in the city of Savannah, in the year 1757,\\nand received the best education which the infant colony then afforded.\\nHe was placed in the office of the King s Attorney, where he had\\nexcellent opportunities of becoming acquainted with the forms of\\nbusiness.\\nAt the very beginning of the difficulties between Great Britain and\\nthe colonies, he espoused the cause of the latter. He was one of the\\nparty which took Governor Wright prisoner in his own house the first\\nbold Revolutionary act performed in Georgia. When Savannah was\\ntaken by the British, Mr. Milledge, with his friend Major James\\nJackson, retreated into South Carolina, where they were captured by\\na party of Americans, who took them to be spies, and, notwithstand-\\ning their reiterated denial of the charge, they were about to inflict\\nupon them a spy s death, but were prevented by Major Deveaux, an\\nAmerican officer, who, fortunately coming up at this time, declared\\nthe prisoners to be Georgia officers, and ordered them to be released.\\nAt the unsuccessful attempt, by the combined forces of the Count\\nD Estaing and General Lincoln, to recover Savannah from the\\nBritish, Mr. Milledge was present, and, with his associates, evinced a\\nbravery that would have done honour to veterans. In South Caro-\\nlina, at the siege of Augusta, and upon various occasions, he con-\\ntinued to do everything in his power to advance the cause of liberty.\\nThroughout the whole Revolutionary conflict, few made more costly\\nsacrifices than Mr. Milledge. After the war he became one of the\\nleading men of the day. As a representative of the people in the\\nState Legislature as Governor of Georgia at a period of great poli-\\ntical bitterness as member of both branches of Congress, his course\\ngave satisfaction to the people of Georgia. He was the first to ad-\\nvocate everything which he thought would promote her interests.\\nIt is due to the memory of Mr. Milledge to say, that he was one of\\nthe first with whom the idea of establishing our State University\\noriginated. He cordially united with the most eminent men in\\nGeorgia to carry out that important measure. The funds of the\\nUniversity, however, were very small, when the Legislature and the\\nTrustees determined to commence the institution. No lands belong-\\ning to it were thought suitable for a seat of the College. One was\\nselected on the 6th of July, 1801, by a Committee, of which Mr.\\nMilledge was a member, and he generously purchased a tract of land,\\nat a cost of about $4000, and made it a donation to the College.\\nOn this land Athens is principally built. President Meigs, in a letter,\\naddressed to Mr. Milledge, dated May 11, 1808, says Your institu-\\ntion has taken a strong root, and will flourish and I feel some degree\\nof pride in reflec ting that a century hence, when this nascent village", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0247.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "224 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nshall embosom a thousand of the Georgian youths, pursuing the paths\\nof science, it will now and then be said that you gave this land, and T\\nwas on the forlorn hope.\\nMr. Milledge distinguished himself by his opposition to the cele-\\nbrated Yazoo fraud. He resisted with all his influence the vile ma-\\nchinations of the speculators, and if he had performed no other* service\\nfor Georgia, this alone ought to entitle him to the gratitude of her\\ncitizens. In 1802 he was associated with James Jackson and Abra-\\nham Baldwin, as a Commissioner for ceding to the United States\\nGovernment certain portions of the territory of Georgia.\\nMr. Milledge died at the Sand Hills, near Augusta, on the 9th of\\nFebruary, 1818.\\nDAVID B. MITCHELL\\nWas the son of John Mitchell, and was born in Scotland, on the 22d\\nof October, 1766. His uncle, Dr. David Bradie, was present at the\\nskirmish near Midway when General Screven was killed, and attended\\nthat officer in his dying moments. When the British took Savannah,\\nhe was placed or. board of a prison-ship, close confinement in which\\nterminated his life.\\nBy his will, Dr. Bradie left his property in Georgia to the subject\\nof this memoir, who arrived at Savannah in 1783, to take possession\\nof it.\\nHe studied law under the Hon. William Stephens. At this time\\nthe criminal code of Georgia was undergoing a revision. The gen-\\ntlemen appointed to revise it met at the house of Mr. Stephens, and\\nMr. Mitchell was appointed their clerk, and from writing the acts\\nover several times, and hearing them discussed, he acquired consider-\\nable legal information. In 1795, he was elected Solicitor-General of\\nGeorgia. In 1796, he was a member of the Legislature which passed\\nthe Yazoo Law, and voted against it. In 1804 or 5, he was elected\\nMajor-General of the First Division of Georgia Militia, and on the 9th of\\nNovember, 1809, was elected Governor of Georgia, and on the day\\nafter took the oath of office.\\nDuring the first year of Governor Mitchell s administration, some\\nexcesses were committed on the frontiers of Camden County by the\\nIndians. The Governor promptly gave the necessary orders to have\\nthe Indians punished. In his message, he called the attention of the\\nLegislature to various important subjects, viz., alterations in regard\\nto the law relating to libels, regulations concerning roads, the im-\\nprovement of the navigation of rivers, the payment of the public\\ndebt, c.\\nIn 1811, the Governor made many efforts to bring to an end the\\ndifficulties between North Carolina and Georgia relating to bounda-", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0248.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "DAVID B. MITCHELL. 225\\nnes, but was unsuccessful. In 1812, the United States were com-\\npelled, in vindication of their rights, to declare war against Great\\nBritain. In his message of this year, the patriotic Governor thus\\nspeaks\\nThe insolent and arbitrary domination assumed by the British, to control by\\nher naval power the rights of this country, and the measures adopted by our\\nGovernment, with a view of bringing the corrupt and corrupting ministry of\\nGreat Britain to a sense of justice, have been felt by Georgia with as much\\nseverity as any other State in the Union. Let us, therefore, maintain the char-\\nacter we have acquired, and unite heart and hand in support of the Government,\\nand the contest in which our country is now engaged.\\nWhen we contemplate the present situation of this State, our attention is\\nirresistibly directed to our extensive frontier. Our sea-coast, from the River Savan-\\nnah to that of St. Mary s, inclusive, is indented by numerous inlets, affording\\nsufficient depth of water for armed ships of considerable force, to oppose the en-\\ntrance of which there are few works of defence, the population thin, and a vast\\nproperty to invite the attention and satisfy the cupidity even of British cruisers.\\nFrom the mouth of the St. Mary s to the termination of our line on the Tu-\\ngalo River, we have an extent of frontier of between three and four hundred miles,\\nthe territory immediately beyond which is occupied by numerous tribes of restless\\nand warlike savages some hostile to us. With due preparation, however, the\\nState is capable of defending herself against any hostile attempt of British\\ncruisers or Indian enemies. Our citizens of the middle and western parts are\\nnumerous, hardy, and brave, and are not only capable of defending themselves\\nagainst the Indians, but would march at a moment s warning to the assistance\\nof their fellow-citizens on the sea-board in case of need, who, although equally\\nbrave, are less numerous, and consequently less able to defend their extensive\\nand vulnerable coast. But to do this, the citizens must have arms, and they\\nmust be taught the use of them, as well as the duties of the camp.\\nIn view of these considerations, he pressed upon the attention of the\\nLegislature a revision of the militia laws, and the encouraging the\\nformation of artillery companies. During this year, he was requested\\nby the President of the United States, as the Governor of Georgia,\\nto act for the General Government in settling some difficulties arising\\nfrom the part taken by the Commissioner of the United States in\\nEast Florida. He proceeded without delay to St. Mary s. On his\\narrival, he found the progress of the Revolution stopped before St.\\nAugustine, the patriots not being able to attack that post. In a few\\ndays, a correspondence between the person who acted as Governor\\nand Mr. Mitchell commenced, which, however, soon terminated, in\\nconsequence of the Spaniard preferring the application of force to re-\\nmove the American troops, which experiment, however, failed.\\nIn his message to the General Assembly, November 1, 1813, the\\nGovernor, in alluding to the events of the past year, remarked\\nWith a little experience in the art of war, which we are gaining daily, our\\nofficers and men will soon teach the British legions the difference between the\\n15", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0249.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "226 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nenergies of freemen fighting the battles of the Republic, and mercenary slaves\\ncontending for injustice and oppression under the orders of a despot. But what\\nshall be said of our Navy our infant Navy Its achievements, in a relative\\npoint of view, are unparalleled in the history of any country upon the face of the\\nglobe. The enemy, with his thousand ships of war, has to boast of but two tri-\\numphs over it, whilst we can claim almost as many as we have ships.\\nGovernor Mitchell was active in adopting measures to defend the\\nState both from the attacks of the British and the incursions of the\\nIndians. On the 9th of November, 1815, he was again elected Gov-\\nernor of Georgia. In the commencement of his message, in 1816, he\\nremarked\\nBut whilst theorists and the advocates of monarchy are indulging themselves\\nin the belief of the weakness of our system, it is both our pride and happiness to\\nknow that our gallant army and navy, although, as it were, in their infancy, and\\ncomposed of citizens hastily collected from the private walks of life, and unac-\\ncustomed to military discipline, gave the enemy, in our recent contest, such\\nproofs of republican energy, as made them glad to withdraw their royal mercena-\\nries from the conflict, under a succession of disasters, which confounded them-\\nselves and astonished all Europe.\\nHis views upon the subject of education may be gathered from the\\nfollowing very sensible remarks\\n(i Good morals are all-important in estimating the value of a liberal education.\\nA disregard of -moral instruction will have an inevitable tendency to promote\\nluxury and vice, and ultimately endanger, if it does not entirely overthrow, our\\npresent happy Government.\\nM Mitchell was, in 1817, appointed by the President of the United\\nStates Agent to the Creek Nation of Indians, and on the 4th of No-\\nvember of the same year, he resigned the Executive government of\\nthe State to the Hon. William Rabun, President of the Senate. In\\nannouncing this fact to the Legislature, he observed\\nIn retiring from the service of the State, I shall carry with me a just sense\\nof the obligation which their long-continued confidence has laid me under,\\nand my gratitude will be as lasting as my life. In the various and compli-\\ncated duties which in the course of my public life I have been called upon to\\nperform, I cannot flatter myself that my conduct has been exempt from error;\\nbut my conscience acquits me of any intentional departure from duty. Devoted\\nas I have been to the service of the State, and still ardently desiring to see her\\nprosperous and happy, it is a reflection which gives me much pleasure, that the\\nduties of the appointment I am about to enter upon are so intimately connected\\nwith the interest of the State, that by a faithful discharge of the one, the other\\nwill be promoted.\\nOn the 22d of January, 1818, he concluded a treaty with the Creek\\nIndians at the Creek Agency. Whilst performing the duty of Agent,", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0250.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "PETER EARLY. 227\\nexceptions were taken to his proceedings in regard to some African\\nslaves. Mr. Mitchell explained the connection that he had with this\\naffair. His statements were denied, and angry discussions occurred.\\nHe died in the County of Baldwin. In honour of his memory, the\\nLegislature of Georgia ordered a slab to be erected, which was accord-\\ningly done.\\nPETER EARLY.\\nThis gentleman was born in Madison County, Virginia, on the 20th\\nof June, 1773, and came to Georgia about 1795 or 1796, and com-\\nmenced the practice of law in Wilkes County. In 1802 he was\\nelected to Congress, and soon became a leading member of that body.\\nWhen the impeachment of Judge Chase was before Congress, he\\nwas associated with Randolph, Rodney, Nicholson, Clark, Campbell,\\nand Boyle, in conducting the prosecution. His speech on this occa-\\nsion is said to have been the ablest that was delivered on the side of\\nthe prosecution. He continued in Congress until 1807, when he was\\nappointed by the Legislature, Judge of the Superior Court in the Oc-\\nmulgee Circuit. For this station he seems to have been eminently\\nqualified. In 1813 he was elected Governor of Georgia. This was\\na critical period. Accumulated disasters had nearly broken the spirit\\nof the nation, and the howling tempest of war raged with violence.\\nWhilst the stoutest hearts trembled for the safety of the country, the\\nresolute mind of Governor Early beheld the threatened storm with-\\nout dismay, and boldly prepared to avert its fury. His military ar-\\nrangements were extremely judicious, and his administration of the\\nGovernment most able and patriotic.\\nAn officer in the service of the United States being destitute of\\nfunds, and unable to procure a further supply, in consequence of the\\nembarrassed state of the national finances, applied to Governor Early\\nfor a loan of $80,000, and pledged for its payment the faith of the\\nGeneral Government. Rather than the operations of the army should\\nlanguish, the request was readily granted, and a warrant for the\\namount drawn upon the Treasury of the State. It was suggested\\nby a gentleman who happened to be present, that as the union of\\nthe States might not be of very long duration, in which case each\\nmember of the confederacy must defend itself, it would be well to\\nhusband our resources. To this hint Governor Early replied, that\\nhe hoped such a thing would never happen, but if it should, he had\\nno wish that Georgia should survive the general wreck he wanted\\nto swim or sink together. In 1814, a majority of the Legislature\\ndesired to continue what was called the Alleviating Law. Governor\\nEarly considered its continuance inexpedient and unconstitutional,\\nand vetoed it, and on this account was not re-elected Governor.\\nSome circumstances connected with this event gave him such a dis-\\ngust for public life that he resolved to abandon it altogether but this", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0251.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "228 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\ndetermination he relinquished. His countrymen, to convince the\\nworld that their confidence in him was undiminished, and perhaps to\\nsoothe his feelings for the harsh and unmerited treatment he had re-\\nceived, elected him by common consent to the senatorial branch of\\nthe ensuing Legislature, in which capacity he agreed to serve, because,\\nto use his own words, he felt bound to comply with the wishes of his\\nconstituents, as they had always shown a correspondent disposition\\nto oblige him. He died on the 15th of August, 1817.\\nWILLIAM RABUN\\nWas born in Halifax County, North Carolina, on the 8th of April,\\n1771.\\nHe came to Georgia in 1785, with his father, Matthew Rabun,\\nwho, after residing in Wilkes for one year, removed to the County\\nof Hancock, where he resided for a long period, honoured by his fellow-\\ncitizens.\\nThe education of his son was limited but still, by reading and\\nobservation, he acquired considerable information. His popularity in\\nHancock was very great.\\nFor many years he represented this county in both branches of the\\nState Legislature. Being President of the Senate in 1817, upon the\\nresignation of Governor Mitchell, he became Governor, and after-\\nwards was elected to this office by the Legislature. During his\\nadministration, a correspondence took place between General Jack-\\nson and himself, relative to an attack upon an Indian village called\\nCheha.* Mr. Rabun died, whilst Governor, on the 24th of\\nOctober, 1819. The message which he had prepared for the Legis-\\nlature was sent to that body, Matthew Talbot being Governor pro\\ntern.\\nThe Legislature, in honour of his memory, adopted the following\\nreport\\nThe joint committee appointed for the purpose of taking into consideration\\nthe subject of the death of the late Governor Rabun, being deeply affected by\\nthe afflicting dispensation that has deprived society of an ornament, the State of\\nan undeviating and zealous patriot, and humanity of an unwavering friend, de-\\nspair of doing justice to worth so seldom equalled.\\nThe eulogium of this excellent man is written in the hearts of the people of\\nGeorgia. Nature had endowed him with a strong and vigorous mind, and a\\nlirmness of character which never forsook him. Love of order and love of his\\ncountry were conspicuous in his every action, and justice he regarded not only\\nas a civil, but a religious duty. His public life flowed naturally from these prin-\\nciples. Ever obedient and attentive to the admonitions of his conscience, his\\nSee under the head of Lee County.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0252.jp2"}, "253": {"fulltext": "MATTHEW TALBOT JOHN CLARKE. 229\\npublic acts were marked with an integrity which did honour to his station.\\nHis private virtues were of the highest order. Their remembrance is the me-\\nlancholy joy of his family and his friends. Who can estimate the loss of\\nsociety in such a man Who can but weep, that he should be cut off in the\\nmidst of his usefulness, when his heart was dilated with the prospect of soon re-\\ntiring to the bosom of his family, to enjoy that bliss which Heaven appeared to\\nhave spread out to him, in its most generous profusion Yet to Rabun death\\nwas a welcome messenger. How great, how sublime does he appear, when\\ncalmly resigning the fulness of earthly joy, to the triumphant hope of everlasting\\nhappiness\\nDeeply impressed with these reflections, your committee recommend the\\nadoption of the following resolution, which was unanimously agreed to\\nResolved, That the Executive and Judicial officers of this State, together\\nwith the members of this Legislature, do wear crape on the left arm for sixty\\ndays, and that the members of both branches do attend at the Baptist Church, on\\nWednesday the 24th inst, at twelve o clock, for the purpose of hearing a funeral\\nsermon, to be delivered by the Rev. Jesse Mercer, on this mournful occasion.\\nMATTHEW TALBOT.\\nMr. Talbot being President of the Senate at the time of Governor\\nRabun s death, became, by the provisions of the Constitution, Gover-\\nnor of Georgia.\\nBy birth he was a Virginian, settled in Wilkes in 1785, and after-\\nwards moved to Oglethorpe. His honesty and firmness made him\\none among the most popular men in Georgia. Whilst a citizen of\\nWilkes, he was often elected a member of the Legislature. When\\nhe removed to Oglethorpe, he was appointed a delegate to the Con-\\nvention which framed the present Constitution of the State of\\nGeorgia. In 1808 he was elected to the Senate, and was President\\nof that body from 1818 to 1823. He died in Wilkes, 17th of\\nSeptember, 1827, aged sixty years, leaving behind him the character\\nof an honest and patriotic citizen.\\nJOHN CLARKE.\\nAt fourteen years of age this gentleman was sent to school in\\nWake County, North Carolina, where he, however, did not long re-\\nmain. A scouting party being raised to go against the Tories, he\\njoined them. At the age of sixteen, he was appointed Lieutenant,\\nand then Captain of Militia. Under the command of his father,\\nGeneral Elijah Clarke, he fought at the siege of Augusta and at the\\nbattle of Jack s Creek, in 1787, the particulars of which are given\\nunder the head of Walton County, he greatly distinguished himself.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0253.jp2"}, "254": {"fulltext": "230 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nHe rose rapidly, until he was elected by the Legislature of Georgia\\nBrigadier, and then Major-General. Important civil offices were fre-\\nquently conferred upon him. Near the conclusion of the last war\\nwith England, at a most critical and dangerous time, the command\\nof the forces destined for the protection of the sea-coast and\\nsouthern boundary of Georgia was given to him by Governor Early.\\nIn 1816, he was chosen Elector of President and Vice-President, and\\nwas afterwards twice elected Governor. In 1827, he moved to West\\nFlorida, and sought a retreat from the cares of busy life. He died\\non the 15th October, 1832, in the sixty-seventh year of his age.\\nThe following tribute to the memory of this gentleman appeared in\\none of the papers of the day\\nA large number of citizens, from every part of the State, assem-\\nbled in Milledgeville, on the evening of the 16th, to express their\\nfeelings at the death of our late estimable fellow-citizen, General\\nJohn Clarke, formerly Chief Magistrate of this State; when Jacob\\nWood, Esq., was appointed Chairman, and Joseph Sturges, Esq.,\\nwas appointed Secretary of the meeting.\\nThe following preamble and resolutions were submitted by John\\nA. Cuthbert, Esq., and were unanimously adopted\\nThis assembly of citizens of Georgia, convened on the afflictive intelligence\\nof the decease of our late distinguished fellow-citizen, and of his respected con-\\nsort, with strong emotions of grief, feel it to be a melancholy, but a grateful duty,\\nto render honour to departed worth. In the death of General John Clarke, his\\ncountry has sustained a severe bereavement, and his friends have suffered an\\nirreparable loss but his memory will long live in the hearts or his countrymen,\\nand his example will light them to the paths of honour and patriotism.\\nIn the green days of his unripened boyhood, we honour that ardent courage\\nwhich prompted him to encounter the dangers of battle, and that unshaken con-\\nstancy which sustained him in enduring the hardships and privations of the\\ncamp. At the early age of fourteen, he was a soldier of the Revolution.\\nIn his mature years, we admire that integrity of heart, that warmth of affec-\\ntion, and fixedness of purpose, which marked him as an upright man, a disin-\\nterested patriot, a generous and constant friend, a pure, energetic, and consistent\\nstatesman. We revere that unalterable resolution and inflexible virtue, which\\nnever yielded to an enemy, which never forsook a friend, which never swerved\\nfrom duty to his country.\\nBe it therefore Resolved, That, in honour of his memory, and in token of grief\\nat his decease, and that of his respected, amiable, and pious consort, his partner\\nin life and in death, we will, and his friends throughout the State are requested\\nto, wear crape on the left arm for thirty days.\\n11 Be it further Resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting be published in\\nthe Gazettes of the State and that a copy be sent to the surviving kindred of\\nthe deceased.\\nJacob Wood, Chairman.\\nJoseph Sturges, Secretary, V", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0254.jp2"}, "255": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0255.jp2"}, "256": {"fulltext": "JEO. M", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0256.jp2"}, "257": {"fulltext": "GEORGE M. TROUP. 231\\nGEORGE M. TROUP.\\nColonel George M. Troup was born at Mcintosh s Bluff, on the\\nTombigbee, in what was then the Territory of Georgia, now Alabama,\\nin September, 1780. After receiving the rudiments of a classical\\neducation in Mcintosh County, and afterwards in Savannah, he was\\nsent to a celebrated academy at Long Island, State of New- York.\\nThence he went to Princeton College, where he graduated honourably.\\nOn his return to Savannah, he studied law with Mr. Noel.\\nIn 1800, before he was twenty years of age, he was invited by the\\nRepublicans of Chatham County to represent it in the Legislature.\\nThis he declined, because of his minority.\\nIn 1801, he yielded to a second application, and was elected a re-\\npresentative. In the Legislature he at once occupied a high posi-\\ntion. In 1802, he was again elected, and again in 1803. In 1804,\\nhe removed to Bryan County, where he resided some years. In\\n1806, he was elected to Congress. He was a member of the House\\nof Representatives until 1815, when he withdrew to private life.\\nHis support was given to the administrations of Mr. Jefferson and\\nMr. Madison, possessed of the confidence of both. As a representa\\ntive of Georgia, he was distinguished by his opposition to the com-\\npromise made by the Federal Legislature with the Yazoo speculators.\\nAs a legislator of the Union, he sustained the war measures which\\nwere adopted towards England.\\nNaturally fervid, he was impassioned in debate scrupulously\\nhonest, he was listened to with respect devoted to his country, he\\ngave to her all his heart and all his mind.\\nIn 1816, in opposition to his own wishes, Colonel Troup was\\nelected a Senator in Congress over Dr. Bibb, a very distinguished\\nservant of Georgia. Dr. Bibb s term would have expired on the 3d\\nof March, 1817, but he resigned, and the Legislature, in addition to\\nthe ensuing full term, conferred the vacancy on Colonel Troup. He\\ncontinued but two years in the Senate. In 1823 he was elevated to\\nthe Chief Magistracy of the State of Georgia.\\nThe Legislature of 1823 required the Governor elect to use his\\nexertions to obtain from the United States the extinguishment of\\nthe Indian title to all our remaining territory. He immediately\\nopened a correspondence with the Secretary of War, which re-\\nsulted in a commission to Duncan G. Campbell and James Meri\\nwether, two distinguished Georgians, to treat with the Creek In-\\ndians.*\\nDuring Governor Troup s administration, the great and good Lafay-\\nette visited America. He was a guest of Georgia. Governor Troup,\\nin 1825, received him on the Bluff of Savannah. The author of this\\nFor Governor Troup s acts in relation to the Creeks, we refer the reader to\\nour article upon the Creek difficulties.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0257.jp2"}, "258": {"fulltext": "232 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nmemoir heard his address to the nation s friend. Welcome, Lafay-\\nette General, tis little more than ninety years since the founder of\\nthis State first set foot upon the bank upon which you stand. Now,\\nfour hundred thousand people open their arms to receive you.\\nThanks to a kind Providence, it called you to the standard of inde-\\npendence in the helplessness of our Revolution. It has preserved\\nyou, that in your latter days the glory of a great empire might be\\nreflected back upon you, amid the acclamations of millions. The\\nscenes which are to come will be for you comparatively tranquil and\\nplacid. There will be no more of dungeons, no more fears of tyrants.\\nOh, sir, what a consolation for a man, who has passed through seas\\nof trouble, that the millions of bayonets which guard the blessings\\nwe enjoy, stand between you and them But enough Welcome,\\nGeneral Thrice welcome to the State of Georgia\\nMr T. retired from the government in November, 1827, with a popu-\\nlarity equal to that of any former Chief Magistrate. In 1828, he was\\nrecalled to the United States Senate. This appointment was accept-\\ned by him with unfeigned regret. Ill health and other circumstances\\nhad determined him to live in domestic seclusion. It is not generally\\nknown that, when apprised of the legislative intention to send him to\\nW ashington, he, to prevent it, hastened from his home in Laurens,\\nto Milledgeville, where he arrived only a few hours after his election.\\nHe continued in Congress until 1834, enjoying the respect and venera-\\ntion of his fellow-citizens of Georgia. In the Senate, his feebleness\\nof health forbade participation in debate. The same cause produced\\nhis final resignation. By his more intimate friends, Governor Troup\\nis regarded as the living Apostle of State Rights, the Champion of\\nState Sovereignty. It was under the conviction that these were im-\\nperilled that he declared, in 1833, that he would have been carried\\non his death-bed to the Capitol, rather than not have given his vote\\nagainst the Force Bill. His opinions upon topics of public interest\\nare given unreservedly when solicited and the acknowledged con-\\nsistency of his life the admitted integrity of his heart the soundness\\nof his intellect give them a weight felt by all. Governor Troup re-\\nsides in Laurens County.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0258.jp2"}, "259": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0259.jp2"}, "260": {"fulltext": "^^^o^X^", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0260.jp2"}, "261": {"fulltext": "JOHN FORSYTH. 233\\nJOHN FORSYTH\\nWas born in Frederick County, Virginia, and came with his father\\nto Georgia when he was about four years of age. He studied the\\nclassics under the Rev. Mr. Springer, who had charge of an academy\\nof great repute in Wilkes County. He then went to Princeton Col-\\nlege, where he was graduated in 1799. After his collegiate course\\nhe studied law in Augusta with Mr. Noel, and commenced practice\\nin 1802. A short time afterwards he was appointed Attorney-Gene-\\nral of the State, and in this office acquired great distinction. In 1811\\nhe was honoured by his fellow-citizens with, a seat in the House of Re-\\npresentatives of the United States. Upon most of the important\\ntopics which then agitated Congress he distinguished himself. In\\n1818 he resigned his seat in the House of Representatives, and was\\nelected a member of the Senate. In this august body he displayed\\nthe superiority of his talents, and the whole country regarded) him\\nwith pride and admiration. During the winter of 1818, he was; sent\\nMinister to Spain, where he remained several years engaged in ad-\\njusting the differences between that country and the United States.\\nBy his skill and prudence, he brought matters to a successful termina-\\ntion. Whilst in Spain, Georgia elected him a member of the House\\nof Representatives of the United States, in which body he took his\\nseat in 1823. At this session he showed himself to be the firm friend\\nof the rights of Georgia. The report which he then made on the\\nsubject of the original compact, by which the United States had\\nagreed to extinguish the Indian title to the territory within Georgia,\\nis acknowledged by the most able men to be equal to any ever pre-\\nsented to Congress. In 1827 he was elected Governor of Georgia,\\nand warmly and ably sustained the ground he had taken in the coun-\\ncils of the nation relative to the Indian question. At the expiration\\nof his term as Governor, he was again elected to the Senate of the\\nUnited States, where he remained until 1834, when he succeeded Mr.\\nMcLane as Secretary of State. During no period since the war of\\n1812, had our foreign relations involved questions more important\\nand the honour and success with which they were conducted were\\nowing, in a great degree, to the talents and firmness of Mr. Forsyth.\\nHe died in Washington City on the 21st day of October, 1841, in the\\nsixtieth year of his age. In person he was upright, and finely pro-\\nportioned height about five feet eight inches. As a speaker, Mr.\\nForsyth never failed to attract attention. In the Boston Morning\\nPost, a correspondent thus spoke of him\\nMr. Forsyth s manner is peculiarly Virginian respectful in his\\nlanguage, courteous and complimentary to his antagonist. Without\\never exhibiting passion, he evinces deep feeling. His voice is pecu-\\nliarly melodious, and without talking fast, the words seem to melt\\ninto each other, like one continued sound, not unlike the enuncia-", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0261.jp2"}, "262": {"fulltext": "234 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\ntion of Judge Story, though with less compass of note. He uses\\nbut little gesture, and his most emphatic passages are always in an\\nunder-tone, which produce a solemn effect and leave a deep impression.\\nIt is the still small voice in which he pours out heart, and soul, and feel-\\ning, charming the audience into a silence, as if they were listening to\\nthe last fading notes of an vEolian harp, when they feel that the spirit\\nof the wind is dying away. His countenance is fair and pleasing, with\\na smile always playing around his lips.\\nMr. Forsyth was not a hard student in the midnight lamp sense.\\nHe was, however, a deep thinker. He mastered the contents of a book\\nwhilst others would be turning over its leaves. His knowledge was\\nextensive, and whatever he knew was always at his command. As an\\noff-hand debater he had no superior. To his lofty spirit as a man, was\\nadded a breast overflowing with ardent affection for his family.\\nThe Legislature of Georgia, at their session in 1841, unanimously\\nadopted the following report\\nThe people of Georgia have heard, with feelings of deep regret, of the de-\\ncease of this distinguished citizen, whose eminent talents and elevated political\\ncourse have, through a long series of years, shed lustre, not only upon this State,\\nbut upon the whole Union. Entering public life at a period of extreme youth,\\nand at an early day in the history of the Republic, John Forsyth rose at once to\\nthe first rank with unequalled rapidity attained political eminence, in which\\nelevated sphere he continued to move, with splendour and applause exempli-\\nfying the statesman, dignified and firm the orator, brilliant and beautiful the\\ngentleman, whose elegant deportment and honourable bearing attracted univer-\\nsal admiration and regard. First, the Attorney-General of Georgia then its Re-\\npresentative in Congress the Ambassador of the nation at a Foreign Court sub-\\nsequently the Chief Magistrate of this State, and its Senator in Congress and\\nfinally, Secretary of the United States. John Forsyth discharged the duties of\\nthese several stations with a brilliancy, a readiness, and an ability which few\\nmay expect to equal in all of them maintaining the honour and sustaining the\\ninterest of this State and of the nation.\\nAs the immediate representative of Georgia, John Forsyth early riveted the\\nattention and secured the affections of its citizens, by his great talents and his\\ncommanding power of eloquence, and the promptness with which he employed\\nthem in vindicating their honour, and in defending their peculiar and exclusive\\nrights. Occasional differences of opinion and embittered party excitements\\nhave never withdrawn the attention, nor dislodged those affections, and the peo-\\nple of Georgia now mourn his death as a great national bereavement, sensibly\\nfelt by the State of which his eloquence and talents made him so distinguished\\nan ornament, and by the nation, in whose service much of his life was spent,\\nand for the protection of whose honour and interest some of his greatest intellec-\\ntual efforts were made.\\nIt is therefore most fit and proper that the representatives of the people of\\nGeorgia here assembled should, in a becoming manner, acknowledge the mag-\\nnitude and importance of the public services of this accomplished citizen through\\na long and eventful political career, and testify to the country, in an imposing", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0262.jp2"}, "263": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0263.jp2"}, "264": {"fulltext": "fo\u00e2\u0080\u00943 V\\nA,", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0264.jp2"}, "265": {"fulltext": "GEORGE It. GILMER. 235\\nform, their just appreciation of one of tne distinguished men of the age, whose\\ncharacter is identified with that of the nation and with this view, the Committee\\npresent the following resolutions, and ask for them the unanimous concunence of\\nthis Legislature.\\nResolved, That we receive with feelings of deep and sincere regret the intelli-\\ngence of the death of the Hon. John Forsyth, and that his talents and his eloquence,\\nand the valuable public services rendered by him, justly entitle his memory to\\nan official manifestation of respect by the Legislature of Georgia.\\nResolved, That we hold in proper estimation his efforts in time of difficulty to\\npreserve the rights, promote the interests, and sustain the honour of the State of\\nGeorgia.\\nResolved, That this report and resolutions be sent to the Governor for his con-\\ncurrence, and that he be requested to transmit a copy of them to the family of\\nthe deceased.\\nGEORGE R. GILMER\\nWas born on the 11th of April, 1790, in the County of Wilkes, now\\nOglethorpe. When he was thirteen years of age, his father sent him\\nto Dr. Wilson s Classical School, near Abbeville Court-House, South\\nCarolina, and afterwards to the Academy of Dr. Waddel. At these\\ninstitutions he studied the languages, and would have entered college,\\nbut his ill health prevented. He then employed his time in teaching\\nhis younger brothers and a few of the children in the neighbourhood\\nof his father. After this, he commenced the study of law with\\nthe Hon. Mr. Upson, but was compelled to abandon it on account of\\nhis health, although he had been admitted to the bar. His physician,\\nDr. Bibb, then a Senator in Congress, believing that an active life\\nmight improve his health, obtained a commission for him in the United\\nStates Army.\\nIn October, 1813, he was appointed First Lieutenant in the 43d\\nRegiment of Infantry, and took up his quarters near Washington,\\nwhere Captain Tattnall had established a recruiting station. As soon\\nas a few recruits were collected, orders were received from General\\nPinckney to place them under a suitable officer, and to march them\\nto the Creek territory. With this command Lieutenant Gilmer was\\ninvested, and by the prompt manner with which he executed his or-\\nders, as well as by his subsequent prudent arrangements, contributed\\nmost essentially to the quiet of the whites residing near the Chatta-\\nhoochee, who had been much alarmed by hostile appearances on\\nthe part of the Indians. After the war, Mr. Gilmer returned to Ogle-\\nthorpe, and in 1818, commenced the practice of law at Lexington,\\nand soon acquired reputation as an able lawyer. The citizens of Ogle-\\nthorpe called upon him to represent their interests in the State Le-\\ngislature, and for two years he was their faithful representative. The\\njournals of the House for that period will show that his course was", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0267.jp2"}, "266": {"fulltext": "236 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nindependent and fearless. By his exertions chiefly, a law was enacted\\nto prevent private banking, at that time a very sore evil. Mr. Gilmer\\nis entitled also to the praise of having made the first effort which\\nawakened public attention to the importance of establishing an Ap-\\npellate Court for the Correction of Errors. In 1820 and 1824, he\\nwas elected to Congress, and also in 1828 but failing to give notice\\nof his acceptance to the Executive within the time required by law,\\nGovernor Forsyth declared his appointment vacant, and ordered a\\nnew election. Mr. Gilmer declined being a candidate.\\nAs a member of Congress, Mr. Gilmer distinguished himself by his\\nability and devotion to the interests of Georgia.\\nIn 1828, Mr. Gilmer was a candidate for Governor, and was elected,\\nhis opponent being Major Joel Crawford. In 1830, he was again a\\ncandidate for the gubernatorial chair, but was defeated by Mr. Lump-\\nkin. In 1832, his fellow-citizens selected him as one of their repre-\\nsentatives in Congress and in 1834 he was a candidate for re-election,\\nbut was defeated. In 1836, he was President of the Board of Elec-\\ntors of President and Vice-President, when the votes of that body\\nwere given for Judge White, of Tennessee. The next year he was\\nelected to the Chief Magistracy of Georgia, the duties of which de-\\nmanded so much labour as seriously to injure his health. No Gover-\\nnor of Georgia had ever been called upon to perform so many com-\\nplicated and delicate duties. The situation of the Cherokee Indians\\nthe injustice said to have been practised upon them by the State of\\nGeorgia the conflicting opinions of the United States Government\\nand the constituted authorities of Georgia, all conspired to render\\nGovernor Gilmer s administration anything else than pleasant. Wis-\\ndom, prudence, and firmness were requisite to conduct the helm of\\nState at this critical period and we believe we utter the sentiments\\nof every thinking man in Georgia, when we say that Governor Gil-\\nmer s administration was marked by all these attributes.\\nDuring his Executive term, in 1837 and 1838, the Indians were\\nremoved from Georgia, and we have no doubt that by their re-\\nmoval their condition has been greatly improved. Mr. Gilmer has\\nretired from public life, and holds no appointment except that of\\nTrustee of Franklin College. He resides in Lexington, Oglethorpe\\nCounty.\\nWILSON LUMPKIN.\\nMr. Lumpkin was born in Pittsylvania County, State of Virginia,\\non the 14th of January, 1783. When he was one year old, his father\\nremoved to Georgia, and settled in that part of the State then known\\nas Wilkes County, now Oglethorpe County. At this period the\\nmeans of education were very limited and his father being unable\\nto send his children from home to be educated, they received no other\\ninstruction than that which is acquired in a common country school.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0268.jp2"}, "267": {"fulltext": "WILSON LUMPKIN. 237\\nWhen young Lumpkin was fourteen years old, his father held the\\noffice of Clerk of the Superior Court of Oglethorpe County, and,\\nknowing that many advantages would be enjoyed by his son in an\\noffice of this kind, he employed him in copying, writing, c. This\\nwas of incalculable benefit to him, compensating, in no small degree,\\nfor the want of a regular education, and introducing him to many gen-\\ntlemen of the legal profession. He imbibed a great fondness for read-\\ning, and during the time he continued in this office he devoted all his\\nleisure moments to reading law. A short time after he was twenty-one\\nyears of age, he was elected a member of the Legislature for Ogle-\\nthorpe County, and for several years continued a member, discharging\\nhis duties with zeal and fidelity. He served for several years both\\nas a member of the House of Representatives and Senate of the\\nUnited States. When he was solicited to become a candidate for the\\noffice of Governor of Georgia, he reluctantly consented, and was\\nelected, and at the close of his Executive term was re-elected. Mr.\\nLumpkin has filled many other responsible offices, but the limits fixed\\nto these sketches will not allow us to enumerate all of them. In\\n1823, Mr. Lumpkin was commissioned by President Monroe to ascer-\\ntain and mark the boundary line between Georgia and Florida. By\\na commission from General Jackson, he was one of the first Com-\\nmissioners appointed under the Cherokee treaty of 1 835. The records\\nof the country will bear testimony to the ability and justice with\\nwhich he discharged that delicate and difficult trust. When the\\nLegislature of Georgia created a Board of Public Works, with a view\\nof commencing a systematic course of internal improvement, it pro-\\nvided for a Board, to consist of six members. Of this Board, Mr.\\nLumpkin was appointed a member. The act also directed that a civil\\nengineer should be appointed to take a general survey of the State,\\nwith a view to report upon the expediency of canals and railroads\\nand it also directed that a member of the Board should accompany\\nthe engineer. Mr. Lumpkin was selected, and in his report he re-\\ncommended a route which varied very little from the present location\\nof our railroads. It will be seen from this short sketch, that Mr.\\nLumpkin has been an active man all his life. To the interests of this\\nState he has devoted much labour. He enjoys better health now\\nthan at any period before he was sixty years old, works every day,\\nand reads more than at any former period of his life. He never had\\na lawsuit or arbitration. He has been a member of the Baptist\\nChurch for more than fifty years, and is an active and liberal supporter\\nof many benevolent institutions. Of such men as Wilson Lumpkin\\nany country may well be proud.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0269.jp2"}, "268": {"fulltext": "238 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nW L L I A M SCHLEY.\\nWilliam Schley was born in the city of Frederick, in the State of\\nMaryland, on the 10th of December, 1786. His education was ac-\\nquired in the academies at Louisville and Augusta, Georgia. He\\nwas admitted to the bar in 1812, and continued the practice of law\\nuntil 1825, when he was elected Judge of the Superior Court of the\\nMiddle District of Georgia, the duties of which high office he dis-\\ncharged with ability until 1828.\\nIn 1 830, he was elected a member of the Legislature from Rich-\\nmond County; and in 1832, was elected a member of Congress. In\\nthis body, he served during the sessions of 1833, 4, and 5. In 1835,\\nhe was elected Governor of Georgia, and acted in that capacity until\\nNovember, 1837. During his administration the Creek war broke\\nout, and, accompanied by Generals Scott and Jesup, he repaired to\\nColumbus, where he remained six weeks, in the discharge of such\\nduties as the peculiar position of things at that time demanded.\\nIn his first message to the Legislature, in 1836, he strongly recom-\\nmended the construction of the Western and Atlantic Railroad. To this\\nwork he devoted all the time he could possibly spare from the discharge\\nof the duties of the Executive office. He twice visited the engineers\\non the several routes, for the purpose of giving such instructions as\\nseemed proper, and obtaining accurate information in regard to the sur-\\nveys, and other matters immediately connected with the subject.\\nGovernor Schley had the honour of signing the law authorizing the\\nconstruction of this road.\\nMr. Schley is, we understand, an uncompromising Democrat. He\\nbelieves in a strict construction of the Constitution of the United\\nStates, and allows no implied powers to Congress, except such as are\\nabsolutely necessary to carry into effect special delegated powers. In\\na work published by him, called Digest of the English Statutes,\\nhe gives some notes on Magna Charta, from which we make the\\nfollowing extract, for the purpose of showing what his political creed\\nthen was, and from which it is said he has never departed. Speak-\\ning of the Federal Government, Mr. Schley says\\nIt was necessary, in the formation of the Federal Government, that\\neach State should give up a part of its sovereignty, delegating to the\\nGeneral Government such powers as were necessary for its existence,\\nand to enable it efficiently to sustain its own dignity, and to protect\\nthe individual States. This was accordingly done by the original\\nframers of the Constitution, and their acts were ratified by the States.\\nBut neither the Convention who formed, nor the States who ratified\\nthis Constitution, had the most distant idea that the doctrine of con-\\nstructive powers would be carried to the alarming extent contended\\nfor by some politicians of the present day, and which threatens the\\ntotal destruction of State rights and State sovereignty. If the doc-\\ntrine be persisted in, and no remedy be provided for the evil, the", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0270.jp2"}, "269": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0271.jp2"}, "270": {"fulltext": "L^^ 2-t_--z^t_^w^t--", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0272.jp2"}, "271": {"fulltext": "CHARLES J. M DONALD. 239\\nFederal Government, like Aaron s rod, will swallow up the State\\nGovernments, and a final consolidation of the whole will put an end\\nto that beautiful system of liberty, which is now the pride and boast\\nof the free people of these States.\\nGovernor Schley has always taken a deep interest in everything\\nconcerning the welfare of Georgia. He recommended the establish-\\nment of the Lunatic Asylum, and a geological survey of the State.\\ncharles j. Mcdonald.\\nThe subject of this sketch is a native of South Carolina. In his\\nearly infancy, his parents removed to Georgia, and settled in the\\nCounty of Hancock. The citizens of that section of the State had\\nalways shown a deep interest in the subject of education, and at one\\nof their celebrated schools, under the direction of the Rev. Nathan S.\\nS. Beman, Mr. McDonald received his academical education. He\\nthen entered Columbia College, South Carolina, of which institution\\nhe is a graduate. After studying law in the office of Major Joel\\nCrawford, he was admitted to the bar in 1817, and the following\\nyear entered upon the duties of his profession. In a very short time\\nhe obtained an extensive practice.\\nAs evidence of the public appreciation of his talents and worth, the\\nLegislature of 1822 elected him to the office of Solicitor-General of\\nthe Flint Circuit, which he held until elected Judge of the same\\nCircuit, in 1825. Upon his elevation to the bench, he resigned his\\ncommission of Brigadier-General, to which post he had been elected\\nin 1823. Presiding over a circuit embracing territory then newly\\nsettled, Judge McDonald found himself frequently in positions which\\nrequired prudence and firmness, both of which qualities, so essential\\nto those clothed with judicial power, were conceded to him.\\nIn 1830, Mr. McDonald was elected a representative to the Legis-\\nlature from the County of Bibb. In 1834, and again in 1837, he\\nwas elected to the Senate. Among ail the members with whom he\\nwas associated, many of whom subsequently rose to the highest hon-\\nours, none exerted a greater influence, or commanded higher respect.\\nHis election to succeed Mr. Gilmer as Governor of the State of\\nGeorgia, in 1839, showed the estimate placed upon his character\\nand ability, by those who agreed with him in political principle, as\\nwell as by the people of the State. The office to which he was\\nelected was at that time especially replete with responsibility.\\nGovernor McDonald found the State Treasury empty, without the\\nmeans of pushing to completion the great work undertaken in the\\nconstruction of the Western and Atlantic Railroad, with the public\\ndebt increased to a million of dollars, and what was worst of all, the\\ncharacter of Georgia disgraced by the protest of an obligation for\\nthree hundred thousand dollars, contracted by the Central Bank", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0273.jp2"}, "272": {"fulltext": "240 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nunder legislative authority. The work of restoring the State to a\\nhealthy financial condition, and establishing its credit abroad, was\\nrendered much more arduous from the fact, that the commerce and\\nbusiness of the country had hardly more than begun to recover from\\nthe revulsion that had followed the excitement of 1836 and 1837.\\nGeorgia shared largely in this excitement. The Central Bank, es-\\ntablished in 1828, had been required by the Legislature, from year to\\nyear, to meet its appropriations from the resources of the State. In\\n1837, the counties had been authorized, by legislative act, to re-\\ntain the general tax to be applied by the inferior courts to county\\npurposes. Notwithstanding the State taxes had thus been re-\\nlinquished to the counties, the Central Bank was still required to pay\\nthe annual ordinary and extraordinary appropriations. In the em-\\nbarrassed condition of the finances, the position of the Chief Magis-\\ntrate was a difficult one, involving the duty of recommending to the\\nlegislative branch of the Government a line of policy that would\\nrelieve the State from her financial difficulties. Governor McDonald,\\nin his first annual message, in 1840, recommended, as a remedy for\\nthe embarrassments then existing, a resumption of the entire\\namount of State taxes, which had for some years been given to\\nthe counties with but little benefit to them, and greatly to the\\ninjury of the finances of the State. The recommendation of the\\nGovernor prevailed, and a law was enacted directing the State taxes\\nto be paid into the State Treasury.\\nIn 1841, a bill reducing the taxes of the State twenty per cent.,\\npassed both branches of the Legislature.\\nTo this act the Governor refused his assent, and communicated his\\nobjections to its passage to the Legislature, which we insert in his\\nown language\\nIt is with extreme reluctance, said Governor McDonald, that I dissent from\\nan act of the Legislature, so as to prevent its becoming a law, which has for its\\nobject the regulation of the amount of revenue to be raised from the people.\\nNothing but a most imperative sense of duty could induce it. There is now a\\npermanent tax law, not requiring renewal from year to year. The act under con-\\nsideration proposes to reduce the taxes required to be raised by that law twenty\\nper centum, on the supposition that they are not required by the exigencies of\\nthe Government. The measure is, doubtless, based upon the opinion of the\\nCommittee on Finance, that the amount of the revenue arising under the law\\nfrom ordinary sources, exceeds the amount required to meet the expenditures of\\nthe Government twenty per centum. It will be found, upon investigation, that.\\nthe amount of estimated receipts at the Treasury from such sources is greatly\\noverrated, and that the actual receipts will not reach the estimate by fifty thou-\\nsand dollars or more. If the error had been detected which led to this over-estimate,\\nI am compelled to presume that a reduction would not have been made, which\\nmust leave the Government without the necessary means to sustain itself, and\\nmeet its indispensable engagements.\\nAgain the Committee recommended, and an act has been passed accordingly,", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0274.jp2"}, "273": {"fulltext": "CHARLES J. m dONALD. 24!\\nthat the interest on the public debt should be paid by the Central Bank instead\\nof the Treasury. The condition of the Central Bank does not justify the belief\\nthat this can be a permanent regulation. It must be relieved from this heavy\\nrequisition, or its notes must depreciate, so as to become a greater tax upon the\\npeople than twenty per centum upon the amount now levied. In every view of\\nthe case, then, I am forced to a conclusion different from that to which the Com-\\nmittee has arrived, both in regard to the amount of the revenue expected to be\\nlevied under the law, and the propriety of throwing on the Central Bank, perma-\\nnently, the burden of paying the interest on the public debt. Believing that the\\namount of taxes levied under the act of 1840 are absolutely required by the Gov-\\nernment to meet its necessary expenditures, I feel bound to withhold my con-\\nsent.\\nIn his annual message of November 8th, 1842, Governor McDonald\\nurged again upon the Legislature the only efficient remedy for re-\\nlieving the State from its embarrassments. Said he, in that message\\nThe difficulty should be met at once. Had there been no Central Bank, the ex-\\npenses of the Government must have been by taxation. These expenses having\\nbeen paid by the Central Bank, they become a legitimate charge upon taxation.\\nThis must be the resort, or the Government is inevitably dishonoured. The\\npublic faith must be maintained and to pause to discuss the question of prefer-\\nence between taxation and dishonour, would be to cast a reflection upon the\\ncharacter of the people whose servants we are.\\nHe was aware that he was thus deliberately presenting an issue\\non a subject in regard to which men living under a republican gov-\\nernment are always deeply jealous and sternly watchful. But he\\nhad given the question the most mature consideration, and\\ndid not hesitate to face the opposition that he knew must be en-\\ncountered. He made his appeal to the Legislature. He cited them to\\nthe fact, that upwards of nine hundred and eighty-five thousand dollars,\\nwhich ought to have been applied to the support of Government, (un-\\nder the erroneous pretence of raising taxes from the people,) were\\nto be relinquished to the counties and that while this had been going\\non, the capital of the Central Bank had been appropriated to supply\\nmoney for the expenses of the Government. A former Legislature\\nhad authorized a sale of bonds bearing a high rate of interest.\\nGovernor McDonald stated, in this same message, that there was\\nnot, at that time, a market in the world in which State stocks, to any\\nconsiderable amount, could be advantageously sold. But, added he,\\nif bonds could be sold, it is highly questionable whether sound policy\\nwould justify the measure. The interest of the bonds must be paid\\nannually, and eventually the principal at maturity. The postponement\\nwould throw on a future generation the unjust burden of supporting\\nthe Government, which should devolve upon us. After remarking that\\nthe people are ever sensitive on the subject of taxes, and it is proper\\nthat they should be, to check the wasteful prodigality of their rulers,\\nbut that they pay them without murmur or complaint when they are\\n16", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0275.jp2"}, "274": {"fulltext": "242 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nconvinced they are required by the necessities of the Government, he\\nrecommended a small addition to the amount of taxes then paid as\\nall that was required.\\nNotwithstanding the urgent appeal and decided recommendations\\nof the Executive, the Legislature took no effectual action for restoring\\nthe credit of the State. A bill, making an addition of twenty-five per\\ncent, to the tax of the previous year, had been introduced and rejected,\\nthen reconsidered, and again lost. The session was near its close\\nprompt action was necessary. Governor McDonald took his decision.\\nHe found the Treasurer, in accordance with usage, sitting with mem-\\nbers of the Legislature, preparatory to their departure, in anticipation\\nof the passage of the Appropriation Bill. He immediately directed him\\nto suspend all payments from that department, except upon appropri-\\nations actually made, and warrants legally drawn thereon. The\\nGovernor gave as his reason for this step, that the Legislature was\\nabout to adjourn, leaving him without the means of meeting the en-\\ngagements of the State, for the performance of which her faith and\\nhonour had been repeatedly pledged. The Governor cited the Le-\\ngislature to the report of the Treasurer, which he at the same time\\ntransmitted to that body, from which it appeared, that the appropria-\\ntions of a general nature absolutely required in the administration of\\nthe Government, with, the amount necessary to defray the expenses\\nof protecting the Florida frontier from Indian invasions, would exceed\\nthe probable amount remaining in the Treasury, leaving the sum of\\none hundred and ten thousand dollars, for the payment of the interest\\non the public debt, altogether unprovided for.\\nNever was there, perhaps, a higher state of excitement from any\\nsimilar cause, among the members of the Legislature, than when they\\nfound the treasury thus closed upon them. The opposition denounced\\nGovernor McDonald as a tyrant, as guilty of a high-handed measure,\\nworse than Jackson would have enforced. His political friends,\\nalarmed, urged him to recede from his determination, and rescind\\nhis order to the Treasurer. He peremptorily refused. The result\\nwas, that the bill was finally passed. At the next session of the Le-\\ngislature, Governor McDonald reported a greatly improved condition\\nof the finances, and upon submitting the estimate of the Comptroller-\\nGeneral, it appeared that the receipts into the Treasury would be\\nmore than sufficient to defray the ordinary expenses of the Govern-\\nment, and pay the interest on the public debt. He further reported\\nthat public confidence was reviving in regard to the Central Bank,\\nand that specie-paying banks would no doubt, at an early day, find\\nit to their interest to receive its notes in payment.\\nWe have been thus particular in regard to the subjects of taxation\\nand finance, as connected with the administration of Governor McDon-\\nald, that the people of Georgia might understand his agency in re-\\nstoring the credit of the State. No man, in the existing embarrass-\\nments under which the State laboured, could have acted with greater\\nprudence in the management of her fiscal affairs than did Governor\\nMcDonald,", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0276.jp2"}, "275": {"fulltext": "CHARLES J. M DONALD. 243\\nIn behalf of popular education, Governor McDonald uniformly ex\\nerted his influence, avowing his belief that our political institutions\\ncan be supported only by the virtue and intelligence of the people.\\nWhile urging upon the Legislature attention to the subject of educa-\\ntion, he said, The first thing to be regarded in a republic is the vir-\\ntue of the people the second, their intelligence. Both are essential to\\nthe maintenance of our free institutions the first inspires them with a\\ndisposition to do right, the second arms them with power to resist\\nwrong.\\nIn August, 1840, a party of Indians from Florida made an incursion\\ninto the counties of Camden and Ware, who, after murdering some of\\nthe inhabitants, and plundering and destroying their farms and dwel-\\nlings, disappeared. Governor McDonald promptly communicated in-\\nformation to the Secretary of War, and at the same time authorized a\\nsufficient force to be raised at once, composed of volunteers, to pursue\\nthe enemy, and capture and drive him from his hiding-places. In the\\nmean time he took all necessary steps for the security of our people,\\ndeeming it his sacred duty not to shrink from any responsibility when\\nthe property and lives of the frontier inhabitants were in danger. He\\nafterwards presented with confidence the claims of Georgia against\\nthe General Government. Their justice was recognized, and the State\\nwas reimbursed for the expenditure that had been incurred in the pro-\\ntection of the citizens.\\nWe understand that in politics, Governor McDonald has always\\nbeen a strict constructionist. Regarding the Federal and State Go-\\nvernments as distinct, and each sovereign in its sphere to the extent\\nof its constitutional powers, and that, within that sphere, neither\\nhas the right to interfere with the affairs of the other, he has always\\nbeen found in opposition to every encroachment upon the rights of\\nthe States, whilst he has maintained the authority of the General\\nGovernment in the exercise of all power granted in the Constitution.\\nIn every question of disputed authority he makes his appeal to that\\ninstrument, as the only rightful standard for determining the extent\\nof delegated powers. Hence his affinities have been with the teach-\\nings of Jefferson and Madison, and with democratic principles and\\nmeasures.\\nGovernor McDonald s official character and prominent public posi-\\ntion devolved upon him important duties in maintaining the rights and\\ninterests of the Southern States, in opposition to the aggressions\\nmade from various quarters upon the institution of slavery. In laying\\nthe address and resolutions of the Anti-Slavery Convention held in\\nLondon, in June, 1839, before the Georgia Legislature, he remarked,\\nThe suggestion of any measure to the General or State Governments\\nof this Union, whether constitutional or not, by the subjects of foreign\\npowers, is an impertinence not to be endured but an offer to dictate\\nan unconstitutional policy, subversive of the authority of the States,\\nviolative of individual rights, and endangering the peace of any mem-\\nber of the confederacy, is an injury that should be felt by every\\nAmerican citizen.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0277.jp2"}, "276": {"fulltext": "244 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nGovernor McDonald s correspondence with Governor Seward, in\\nregard to the refusal of the latter to deliver up a slave who had\\nescaped to New- York, was a most profound and masterly expo-\\nsition of the whole constitutional question. In communicating\\nthis correspondence to the Legislature, Governor McDonald pointed\\nout the defect in the Act of 1793, which had devolved upon the\\nofficers of the State Governments the duty of delivering fugitives.\\nIn his message, he remarked, The duty of delivering fugitives\\nfrom justice, without discrimination, is created by the Constitution\\nof the Union, and is unknown to the laws of nations so that the\\nStates, as independent sovereignties, would have no right to demand\\nit of each other, except by compact or treaty. The Constitution\\nnowhere requires the execution of this duty by the States. It is,\\nthen, to be performed by the General Government, and it ought to\\nbe required to execute it. This is the true doctrine of State Rights.\\nWhile it jealously guards against the encroachments of Federal\\npower, it requires of the General Government the strict performance\\nof all its constitutional obligations.\\nThe acquisition of territory from Mexico, upon the termination of\\nthe war between the United States and that power, was attended\\nwith an alarming controversy connected with the question of slavery.\\nGovernor McDonald took high ground in behalf of what he re-\\ngarded as the constitutional rights of the Southern States. He\\nheld that from the nature of our Government, all the people of all\\nthe States had an equal right of ingress into the public territory,\\ncarrying with them any property which, by the laws of any of the\\nStates, they are entitled to hold. He advocated the adoption of the\\nMissouri Compromise line recommended by the Nashville Conven-\\ntion, as reasonable and right as having been acted upon before, as not\\nsubject to constitutional objection, and as one to which all who wished\\nto preserve the Union, execute justice, and insure domestic tranquil-\\nlity, no matter to what latitude they belong, would readily assent.\\nIn the height of the controversy relating to the acquired territory,\\nGovernor McDonald steadily referred to the Constitution as the\\nsupreme law, and said, in accepting the appointment of delegate to\\nthe Nashville Convention, that if the Constitution of the Union\\nwere administered according to its letter and spirit, the South would\\nnot complain.\\nAfter the decision of the Georgia Convention, which had resolved\\nto acquiesce in the Compromise measures passed by Congress,\\nGovernor McDonald regarded the controversy as settled. He said,\\nThat decision ought not to be disturbed, however much it may con\\nflict with individual opinions. In a government of law and order,\\nsuch decisions must be considered authoritative they are the will of\\nthe people.\\nIn public life, Mr. McDonald has ever been governed by the same\\nprinciples of honour and stern integrity which have given lustre to\\nhis private character. When the prospect of high dignities and\\nelevated office has been held up to him, if he would enter into com-", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0278.jp2"}, "277": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0279.jp2"}, "278": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0280.jp2"}, "279": {"fulltext": "GEORGE W. CRAWFORD. 245\\nbinations to promote the personal ambition of others, his invariable\\nreply has been\u00e2\u0080\u0094 I have never bargained for any office, and if I do\\nnot receive it without conditions, I shall never reach it. The con\\nsequence has been, that he has obtained a most enviable position in\\nthe estimation of the people of Georgia. Even when unsuccessful\\nas a candidate, he has never lost the respect even of his opponents.\\nIn concluding this sketch, it is sufficient to say, that while Governor\\nMcDonald s comprehensive and cool judgment, his habits of method,\\nand his untiring industry, have won for him a high rank as a jurist\\nand statesman, his urbane manners, his benevolence of heart, and\\nhis strict integrity, have secured to him universal respect and esteem\\nin the walks of private life.\\nGEORGE W. CRAWFORD.\\nGeorge W. Crawford was born in Columbia County, Georgia, on\\nthe 22d day of December, 1798.\\nHe is the son of Peter Crawford, one of the early and prominent\\ncitizens of that county. At the usual age the subject of this memoir\\nentered Princeton College, where he was graduated in 1820.\\nUpon his return to Georgia, he commenced the study of law in the\\noffice of the Hon. Richard H. Wilde, and was admitted to practice in\\n1822, when he opened an office in the city of Augusta. He rose ra-\\npidly to a position of eminence amidst a bar remarkable for its ability.\\nIn 1827 he was elected Attorney-General, and remained in that office\\nuntil 1831, discharging its duties with zeal and ability.\\nIn 1837 he was elected by the people of Richmond County to the\\nLegislature, and, with the exception of one year, continued to act as\\ntheir representative until 1842.\\nIn 1843 he was elected a representative to Congress, to fill the un-\\nexpired term of the lamented Habersham. At the Whig Convention\\nof 1843, he was nominated for Governor, much against his wish, arid\\nelected by a large majority, and re-elected in 1845.\\nAt the period of Mr. Crawford s election as Chief Magistrate of\\nGeorgia, the public finances were in a very deranged condition. The\\nState was almost without credit, and her currency at a ruinous depre-\\nciation. The Western and Atlantic Railroad was in a languishing\\ncondition. The Penitentiary was a tax upon the people. The ad-\\nministration of Mr. Crawford will long be remembered for the refor-\\nmation which he achieved in all these particulars. The difficulty in\\nthe way of State credit had not been a lack of means, but the en-\\ntire want of confidence in their administration. This confidence Mr\\nCrawford restored, by inducing some of the leading banks of the State\\nto receive State bonds and Central Bank notes at par, which arrange-\\nment soon made them available as money, and equal to coin. This\\nimportant transaction was effected partly through the confidence of\\nthe banks in Mr. Crawford s management of the State finances, and", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0281.jp2"}, "280": {"fulltext": "246 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\npartly by his pledging to some of them his personal responsibility to\\nthe extent of $150,000, to make good any depreciation. The subse-\\nquent value of the State securities, however, rendered any sacrifice on\\nthe part of the Governor unnecessary. Almost immediately upon his\\ninauguration, followed the restoration of the public credit. Vitality\\nwas infused into all the public enterprises.\\nIn March, 1849, Mr. Crawford was appointed, by President Taylor,\\nSecretary of War, but upon the death of the latter, he resigned, and\\nretired to private life.\\nIt is known to many of our readers that Mr. Crawford s connection\\nwith what is called the Galphin claim has been the subject of much\\nspeculation. We believe the facts in this case have not been under-\\nstood, and that injustice has been done to Mr. Crawford. To show\\nthat his course has been beyond reproach, we have taken much pains\\nto examine the original documents, relating to this affair, now in the\\nTreasury Department, at Washington City, and we think the fol-\\nlowing is a true statement of the case\\nPrior to the year 1773, George Galphin was a licensed trader to\\nthe Creek and Cherokee tribes of Indians then within the limits of\\nthe Colony of Georgia, and to whom these tribes were largely in-\\ndebted, in his own right, or by assignment of the claims of other\\ntraders. In the same year, Sir James Wright, Governor of Georgia,\\npursuing the instructions of the parent government, concluded at\\nAugusta a treaty of cession of land, for the sole purpose of discharg-\\ning the indebtedness of the Indian traders, and by which was annexed\\nto the British Crown a large extent of territory, embracing the present\\ncounties of Wilkes, Lincoln, Elbert, and parts of Greene, Oglethorpe,\\nand Franklin.\\nIt was expressly stipulated that the traders, in accepting this fund\\nin payment of their debts, took it in full satisfaction of their claims,\\nand at the same time released the Indians and British Government.\\nIn 1775 the treaty was ratified by the British Crown, and Com-\\nmissioners were appointed to ascertain and liquidate the claims under\\nit. Accordingly, on the 6th of June, the claim of George Galphin was\\nproved for \u00c2\u00a39,791, 15s. 5d., and duly certified by the Governor in\\nCouncil, and payable out of such moneys as shall or may arise by\\nthe sale of lands lately ceded to his Majesty by the Creek and Chero-\\nkee Indians.\\nThe menace of hostilities and open war in the succeeding year ar-\\nrested, and, by its result, entirely destroyed the prospect of payment\\nfrom this source.\\nIn January, 1780, the Legislature of Georgia, under the exigencies\\nand pressure of the war, appropriated these ceded lands, and applied\\nthem to the uses of that war. An important reservation was, how-\\never, made in behalf of such Indian traders who were friends to\\nAmerica. They were required to lay their claims before the then,\\nor some future House of Assembly, to be examined, and whatever\\nA copy of these documents is in the office of the Secretary of State, at Milledgeville.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0282.jp2"}, "281": {"fulltext": "GEORGE W. CRAWFORD. 247\\nclaims should be allowed as just and proper, were to be paid by Trea-\\nsury Certificates, payable within two, three, and four years, and car-\\nrying six per cent, interest.\\nThis act of Georgia brought into view the inquiry What was the\\nrelation of George Galphin to the American Revolution As preli-\\nminary to the answer, it is proper to state that George Galphin was a\\nnative of Ireland, emigrated soon after manhood to America, and\\ndied at Silver Bluff, his residence, on Savannah River, in South Caro-\\nlina, on the 2d of December, 1780, in the seventy-first year of his age.t\\nBy his enterprise, he extended his mercantile transactions with seve-\\nral Indian tribes, far into their country, and, by fair dealing and uni-\\nform kindness, acquired a controlling influence over their temper and\\nconduct, which were always predisposed to resentment and war.\\nHis position commended him to the notice and employment of the\\nColonial Government, and, as a Commissioner of Indian Affairs, his\\nofficial duties were discharged with promptitude and fidelity. To the\\nperiod of his death his conduct, during the war of the Revolution,\\nwas consistent, uniform, and patriotic. We have before us a copy of a\\nletter, from the original, in the possession of Colonel Peter Force, of\\nWashington City, addressed by General Robert Howe to General\\nWashington, dated Charlestown, November 3, 1777, from which we\\nmake the following extract The temper of the Creek Nation, by.\\nthe unwearied exertions of Mr. Galphin, and by the liberality of this\\nState in supplying them, upon generous terms, with those goods they\\nwanted, seems at present to promise peace, which I consider as a very\\nhappy event for this State, and that of Georgia. The Hon. George\\nWalton, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and Chairman\\nof the Committee which reported the Act of Georgia, in 1780, and\\nknew its motives, its sincerity, and intention of justice, was called\\nupon in the year 1800, by the representatives of George Galphin, for\\nhis knowledge and recollection of and concerning the objects, terms,\\nand conditions of a treaty held at Augusta, in the year 1773. To that\\ncall he responded, and spoke highly of Mr. Galphin. He said Hav-\\ning enjoyed his friendship in his lifetime, having fully known his\\nsentiments as to the Revolution, and been a frequent witness to his\\nexertions in favour of it, I cannot resist the occasion of paying my\\nown individual tribute of gratitude to his memory and services. W 7 ho\\nis there that has forgot the exercise and right of his influence in re-\\nstraining the inroads and consequent murders and ravages of the\\nsavages, especially the Creeks None. The undersigned is of\\nopinion, therefore, that to dispense with the claim of this venerable\\nman, founded as it is, is to dispense with the justice and laws of the\\nland.\\nBy the side of this full statement of Mr. Walton may fitly be placed\\nthat of his compatriots, Major Joseph Habersham, Hon. Judge William\\nStephens, and Major Peter Deveaux, who unite in testifying that Mr.\\nGalphin was a decided friend of the American Revolution, from its\\nSee Walkins Digest, page 236.\\nt Family Bible in possession of George Galphin s grand-daughter, Mrs. B. McKinnie.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0283.jp2"}, "282": {"fulltext": "248 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nearly origin to his death that he, with others, suffered very consider-\\nably, indeed largely, in property, during the war.\\nThe act of Georgia was an open invitation to all claimants,\\nfriends to America, on the ceded lands, to apply to her Legislature\\nfor payment.\\nThe heirs of Galphin have been the only applicants.\\nTheir first petition was in 1793, when the Senate passed a bill, by\\neight to three, to carry into execution the promise of the State made\\nin 1780 to the whole amount of Galphin s claim.*\\nMost of the members of that body had signalized their devotion to\\nthe new Government, and must have known who had been, only a\\nfew years before, their friends and foes.\\nThe Royal Assembly which met in Savannah, in 1780, attainted\\nGeorge Galphin of high treason, only four months before he was car-\\nried to his grave.f\\nIn 1790 the British Parliament appropriated $250,000 for the pay-\\nment of the claims of the sufferers, by the cession of Georgia to\\nthe Americans, with the allowance of four per cent, on each claim.\\nThe heirs of George Galphin, in 1792, applied to participate in this\\nfund, but were rejected on the ground that an Act of Parliament in-\\ntended to indemnify British loyalists was purely an act of grace,\\nand comprehended only those who belonged to that class.J It is also a\\nfact that the patrimonial estate of Galphin s heirs was sold under\\nexecution to satisfy debts incurred by their ancestor, in his trade with\\nthe Indians, and for the payment of which he and they relied on the\\nproceeds of these ceded lands, but which, as before stated, had been\\napplied in aid of the Revolutionary War.\\nThis claim was referred to the Committees on the Judiciary, whose\\nreports received the unanimous approval of both houses of Congress,\\nthe conclusion of which was as follows\\nAs there can be no question as to the justice or equity of this\\nclaim, the question presents itself, Who is bound to pay it The\\nGovernment of the United States, or that of the State of Georgia\\nHere was a debt secured by express treaty stipulation between the\\nBritish Government and certain Indians, and no obstacle remained in\\nthe way to its payment as provided for in the treaty it had become\\na vested right, and but for the Revolution which intervened, would\\nhave been acquitted and discharged. The Revolution was not the\\nact of the State of Georgia. She was merely a participant in what\\nwas the common glorious act of all it was by no special act of hers\\nthat the treaty by which this debt was secured was set aside and.it\\nwould seem that, being only a sharer in the act which caused the\\nrights secured under it to be disregarded, she could scarcely be called\\non to meet the whole responsibility, which should be the joint respon-\\nSee Journal of the Senate of the State of Georgia. 1793.\\nt See Disqualifying Act of 1780, on page 98, where George Galphin is cailed Rebel\\nSuperintendent of Indian Affairs.\\nt See British Statutes at large, by Pickering, vol. xxxvii., pp. 35, 36 also vol. xxxvi.,\\npp. 475 and 476.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0284.jp2"}, "283": {"fulltext": "GEORGE W. CRAWFORD. 249\\nsibility, as its benefits were the joint benefits of all who contributed to\\nits accomplishment. As well might any single State be called on to\\nto indemnify a citizen of the United States against the act of the\\nGeneral Government, because he resided within her limits, as that\\nthe S.tate of Georgia should be called on to discharge this debt, which\\nwas arrested in its payment by the Revolution which may, consider-\\ning its consequences, be called a national act, and which transferred\\nfrom the British Government, against which Galphin s heirs could now\\nhave no claim, to that of the United States, their right of appeal for\\nits settlement. By the act of the Revolution, the Government which\\nfollowed, and of which Galphin, as he had contributed to its establish-\\nment, claimed the protection, transferred to itself all the obligations\\nwhich existed prior thereto on the part of the Government which by.\\nit was set aside, as far as the claims of a similar character with the\\npresent were concerned. The Government of the United States now\\nstands in the relation to the Indian tribes that Great Britain did prior\\nto the Revolution. And the obligations of the treaty entered into by\\nthat Government with the Creek and Cherokee Indians before that\\nevent, which had for its object the payment of the just debts of the tra-\\nders, would seem to devolve on the United States, wherever it could be\\nshown that the claimant had fixed that obligation by his support of\\nthe Government substituted. That the obligation runs no further is\\nsufficiently manifest, and needs no argument. The Government of\\nGreat Britain paid the debts of the Indians to such traders as had\\nespoused her cause, and rejected Galphin s, who opposed it. And\\nit was the duty of the United States, of whose Government Galphin s\\nheirs were now the subjects, to prosecute theirs, and failing to do so,\\nhave made themselves justly liable for its payment.\\nApart from the considerations above set forth, the State of\\nGeorgia appropriated these lands set apart as they were by the\\ntreaty of 1773, as a fund for the payment of these debts to the\\npublic defence, and the bounty warrants of the officers and soldiers\\nof the Georgia line in the Revolutionary army were located upon\\nthem. By an act of Congress, approved July 5, 1832, the Govern-\\nment of the United States provided for certain claims, which Vir-\\nginia had assumed, to the officers of that State engaged in the public\\nservice during the Revolutionary War. It is believed that the prin-\\nciples of that act are applicable to the present claim, which the\\nCommittee think ought to be allowed, and accordingly report a bill\\nfor his relief.\\nIn accordance with the recommendation of the Committee, the\\nSecretary of the Treasury was directed to pay the claim of Galphin.\\nWhatever may be the opinion of others, we must be allowed to say\\nthat, in our judgment, this report embodies the force of truth and pa-\\ntriotism. The States united had conquered the territory, and displaced\\nBritish sovereignty. The power to make and to execute a treaty was\\ninseparable.\\nWar may change the capacity, but conquest fixes and retains the\\nliability", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0285.jp2"}, "284": {"fulltext": "250 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nThe war of 76 only transferred the sovereignty, which, in this\\ninstance, could not rightfully annul a vested right without an act of\\npolitical disobedience of the possessor. By the result of that war,\\nand powers delegated by the States in their early confederation, and\\nunder the present Constitution, the American Congress succeeded to\\nthat supreme authority that had been exercised by the British Crown.\\nHere, then, was a treaty, and in respect to one, and only one,\\nparty interested in it. There had been no offence, and, consequently,\\nno forfeiture. It would, therefore, have been a paradox and an out-\\nrage to have acquired and succeeded to a right that attested nation-\\nality, without the corresponding obligation of performing whatsoever\\nwas nationally and morally a duty to perform. But when important\\nbenefits have been derived without a strict estimate of the result\\nwhich a particular incident may be presumed to have aided to pro-\\nduce, something may, and will be, conceded to a rule of justice or\\ngratitude adopted in a similar case. Hence, in the settlement between\\nthe States and the General Government, concluded in 1790, it was\\ndeclared and accepted that the principles of the case of Virginia\\nwere applicable to that of Galphin.\\nDuring the Revolutionary War, Virginia agreed to pay the officers\\nof three regiments and of the navy, for their services in the prosecu-\\ntion of that war. She failed to fulfil her promise, and was sued in\\nseveral cases, on which judgments were obtained. She applied\\nto Congress for relief, and in 1832 her present and accruing liabilities\\nwere assumed by the Federal Government.\\nThe legislative acts of Virginia and Georgia had their existence\\nfrom the wants and pressure of the times.\\nThe former were passed in 1799, the latter in 1780. Virginia pro-\\nmised to pay for military and naval services, Georgia for land which\\nwas encumbered. Both were deemed necessary to the particular\\nor general defence, and so applied.\\nBoth States failed to pay, and both have been relieved by the Ge-\\nneral Government.\\nVirginia applied by memorial, the claimant of Georgia by petition.\\nThe former did not promise to pay interest the latter did. The\\nclaimants of each State have received interest. When the act for the\\nrelief of Galphin s representative was passed in 1848, the claimants of\\nVirginia had received 81,468,354. Subsequently the heirs of Galphin\\nhave obtained $234,871. The Virginia cases are in progress that,\\nthe only one of Georgia, is concluded.\\nThe immediate connection of Mr. Crawford with this claim can be\\nexplained in a few words.\\nThe representatives of Galphin had been prosecuting it for forty\\nyears, until repeated failures led them almost to despair of justice\\nThey had become impoverished in the pursuit. In 1833, they em-\\nployed Mr. Crawford, then neither holding nor looking for any office,\\nas agent and attorney in the matter. He pressed the claim, in every\\ndirection, with zeal, industry, and at a heavy expense. It was\\nbrought before the Commissioners for treating with the Cherokee In-", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0286.jp2"}, "285": {"fulltext": "GEORGE W. CRAWFORD. 251\\ndians, in 1835. In 1837, in 1839 and 1840, favourable reports were\\nobtained in the State Legislature but no bill for relief ever passed\\nthem the only resource was the General Government. Here Mr.\\nCrawford was finally successful but it is worthy of notice, that the\\nclaim was allowed when he was in no way connected with the ad-\\nministration or with Congress, and the reports in favour of the claim\\nwere drawn by his political opponents, and passed when the majority\\nof both houses was of that stamp. The principal of the claim was\\nactually paid during the administration of Mr. Polk the Secretary of\\nthe Treasury expressly leaving undecided the question of interest, and\\nreferring it to his successor.\\nWhen General Taylor s administration commenced, and Mr. Craw-\\nford became a member of it, he placed the claim in the hands of an\\nagent at Washington making known his own interest to the Presi-\\ndent alone, but leaving his colleagues, on whose decision the question\\nof interest depended, wholly free of any influence from his official\\nposition. The Secretary of the Treasury, on the written and deliber-\\nate opinion of the Attorney-General, allowed the claim of interest,\\nand when the matter was called up in Congress, each of those high\\nfunctionaries declared on oath, that he had no knowledge whatever\\nof any interest in, or connection with it, on the part of Mr. Crawford,\\nuntil after the decision was made. These statements were made dur-\\ning an investigation by a committee of the House of Representatives,\\nappointed at the personal request of Mr. Crawford and when, on the\\nreport of that committee, the House resolved that the interest ought\\nnot to have been paid, he proposed to submit the matter to the de-\\ncision of the courts, in a suit to be instituted against himself. But\\na resolution to this effect was lost in the Senate all his political\\nfriends voting in favour of it.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0287.jp2"}, "286": {"fulltext": "252 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nGEORGE W. TOWNS.\\nGeorge W. Towns was bora in the County of Wilkes, in this\\nState, on the 4th day of May, 1802. His parents were from Vir-\\nginia. His father, when but a youth, was in the battles at Eutaw\\nand Cowpens. Mr. Towns was prevented from receiving a classical\\neducation by ill health. A fall from a horse produced a hemorrhage\\nfrom the lungs, which at times threatened his life, and from the effects\\nof which he did not recover until he attained the age of thirty. He\\nstudied law in Alabama, and was admitted to practice in 1824. In\\n1826 he returned to Georgia, and settled in Talbot County, where\\nhe became very popular, representing that county for several years in\\nboth branches of the State Legislature. In October, 1834, he was\\nelected to Congress, and again in 1836. In 1839 he resumed the\\npractice of law, in which he continued until 1846, when he was\\nagain elected to Congress to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resig-\\nnation of Washington Poe, Esq. In 1847, he was elected Governor\\nof Georgia, and re-elected in 1849.\\nWhile Mr. Towns was Governor, he issued a proclamation calling\\na convention to consider the action of Congress upon subjects affected\\nby the question of slavery. The candidates for delegates were very\\nnumerous, and of all shades of opinion.\\nFew men possess a kinder heart and more insinuating manners\\nthan Mr. Towns.\\nHOWELL COBB.\\nHowell Cobb was born at Cherry Hill, Jefferson County, Georgia,\\non the 7th of September, 1815. He is the son of Colonel John A.\\nCobb, who, when quite a boy, removed from Greenville, N. C, with\\nhis father. His mother, Sarah R. Cobb, was the daughter of the late\\nThomas Rootes, of Fredericksburg, Va. At nineteen, he graduated\\nat the University of Georgia. In 1836 he was admitted to the bar, and\\nat once gave such evidence of talents, character, and attainments, that\\nin the ensuing year he was elected Solicitor-General of the Western Cir-\\ncuit. Here he was compelled to contend with the ripe abilities and\\nlong-trained skill of some of the first gentlemen of the bar in Georgia.\\nWe believe we hazard nothing in saying that the office was never\\nfilled in that circuit with more skill and vigour than during the three\\nyears it was occupied by Mr. Cobb.\\nIn 1842 he was elected, on a general ticket, to the Congress of the\\nUnited States, it being his first service in any legislative body. He\\nwas successively re-elected in 1844, 46, and 48.\\nSpace will not allow a full account of Mr. Cobb s Congressional\\ncareer but justice to him demands that we make a few remarks in\\nreference to it. Upon the floor of Congress, he has delivered able", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0288.jp2"}, "287": {"fulltext": "^J2", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0289.jp2"}, "288": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0290.jp2"}, "289": {"fulltext": "HOWELL COBB. 253\\nspeeches upon many leading questions. On the 14th and 18th of\\nJanuary, 1844, on the motion of his colleague, Mr. Black, for the re-\\nadoption of the celebrated twenty-first rule, he delivered a very able\\nspeech in vindication of the constitutionality of that regulation, of the\\ndevotion of the South to the Union, and of the title of the Northern\\nDemocrats, who had taken what he conceived to be the true constitu-\\ntional position upon the question, to the gratitude of his own section\\nof the Confederacy.\\nDuring his Congressional career, Mr. Cobb obtained great celebrity\\nby the delivery of speeches on various subjects, as for instance, the\\nTariff question, the annexation of Texas, the Oregon question, and on\\nthe causes and conduct of the war with Mexico.\\nIn 1848-9, many of the Southern members, becoming alarmed by\\nthe decided encroachments upon what they regarded as the consti-\\ntutional rights of their constituents in the matter of slavery, mani-\\nfested by certain votes in the House of Representatives, called a\\nmeeting of Southern delegates in Congress, without distinction of party,\\nto consider their common danger, and deliberate upon the line of con-\\nduct proper on their part. This meeting or convention resulted in the\\npromulgation of the Southern address, signed by a large portion of the\\nDemocratic Senators and Representatives from the South.\\nMr. Cobb did not feel at liberty to sign that paper and, finding\\ntheir motives misrepresented, himself and his colleague, Mr. Lumpkin,\\nwith Messrs. Boyd and Clarke of Kentucky, published a joint address\\nto their constituents, understood to have been written by him, in which\\nthe motives for their course in this important affair were duly set\\nforth. This paper obtained almost as general circulation as the\\nSouthern address. The following, with a slight alteration, is taken\\nfrom the Whig Almanac and United States Register for 1851\\nThe First Session of the XXXIst Congress, w T hich commenced\\nNovember 3d, 1849, and closed September 30th, 1850, was one of the\\nlongest and most exciting ever held. Its ten months duration was in\\ngood part devoted to speech-making nearly the first month having\\nbeen consumed by the House in ineffectual ballots for a Speaker.\\nThe Opposition had a small plurality in the House, with a very de-\\ncided majority in the Senate but the number of Free-Soil Demo-\\ncrats, who could not vote for a Speaker so thoroughly adverse as Mr.\\nCobb to their views of Slavery Extension, rendered the result doubtful,\\nand would have secured the re-election of Mr. Winthrop, but for cer-\\ntain members who refused to vote with their party on Speaker without\\na distinct committal against the Wilmot Proviso. This could not be\\nconceded, so Mr. Winthrop was steadily voted against by several pro-\\nslavery Whigs on one side, and anti-slavery men elected by Whig\\nvotes on the other, while Mr. Cobb lost votes on one side only.\\nSeveral other candidates were tried on either side with like success,\\nthough one (Mr. W. J. Brown, of la.) came very near an election,\\nhaving succeeded in uniting both wings of the Opposition upon him-\\nself, by satisfactory private assurances on the slavery question. The\\nfact that such cross-eyed assurances had been given became public", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0291.jp2"}, "290": {"fulltext": "254 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nbarely in time to prevent his election. Finally, the House decided to\\ntry a plurality vote, agreeing that the highest candidate at the next\\nballot should be thereupon elected and on this vote Howell Cobb, of\\nGeorgia, had 102 votes, Robert C. Winthrop, of Massachusetts, 100,\\nand there were some fifteen scattering. Howell Cobb was thereupon\\ndeclared Speaker by a resolution moved by Edward Stanly, (Whig,)\\nof North Carolina.\\nMr. Cobb was elected Governor of Georgia in 1851. and discharged\\nhis duties most faithfully. Even those who differ from him in poli-\\ntics, acknowledge that he cannot be charged with any neglect of\\nduty. His management of the State road, and the finances of the\\nState, deserves the highest commendation. His messages are papers\\nof great merit, treating on every important topic.\\nHERSCHEL V. JOHNSON.\\nHerschel V. Johnson, the present Governor of Georgia, was born\\nin Burke County, on the 18th of September, 1812. In early life he\\nenjoyed all the facilities for intellectual improvement which his na-\\ntive county afforded. At public schools, he was prepared for college,\\nand in January, 1831, became a member of the Freshman Class in\\nthe University of Georgia, and was graduated in 1834. Having se-\\nlected the law as his profession, many of his leisure hours, while in\\ncollege, were devoted to its study, and for months before his gradua-\\ntion, he repaired to the Law School of Judge Gould, in Augusta,\\nwhere, while attending a course of law lectures, he reviewed at\\nthe same time the college studies in which his class was engaged.\\nBy this double tax upon his physical and intellectual energies, he\\nwas enabled to stand his examination in college in August, and in the\\nSeptember following was admitted to the bar.\\nHe opened an office in Augusta, where he pursued his profes-\\nsion till 1839, when he removed to Jefferson County, and soon ac-\\nquired an extensive and lucrative practice. Like most young men of\\nour country, political life held out to him its allurements, and with\\nlittle resistance on his part, he soon found himself engulfed in its\\nvortex. Educated in the principles of democracy, he entertained\\nsentiments of profound respect for them, and for all who con-\\nsistently maintained them. Through the press, and on the stump,\\nin the ever memorable race between Van Buren and Harrison, he\\ndid his party important services. The gallant Glascock, who was\\nthen in the meridian of his renown, and who often witnessed his\\nexploits, spoke of him as a youthful giant, who fought with bur-\\nnished armour, and was able to compete with the most stalwart of\\nhis foes. In June, 1841, in a State Convention of the Democratic\\nparty, held at Milledgeville, for the purpose of nominating candidates\\nfor Congress, (the State then electing by general ticket,) Mr. John-\\nson was brought forward as a candidate for a seat. He, however,", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0292.jp2"}, "291": {"fulltext": "Sf^ ^y-", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0293.jp2"}, "292": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0294.jp2"}, "293": {"fulltext": "HERSCHEL V. JOHNSON. 255\\nbeing a member of the Convention, withdrew his name, and urged\\nhis friends to cast their ballots for Mr. Howell Cobb.\\nIn 1843, Mr. Johnson was nominated to fill a vacancy in Congress;\\nbut was defeated, with the whole Democratic ticket.\\nIn the spring of 1844, he located himself in the vicinity of\\nMiiledgeville. The State, at this time, was divided into Congres-\\nsional districts, and Mr. Polk having been nominated for the Presi-\\ndency, Mr. Johnson was unanimously selected by the Democratic\\nConvention as the elector for the Seventh District. The canvass in\\nGeorgia, as all well remember, was exciting, and warmly contested;\\nand upon Mr. J. devolved a large proportion of the labours of the hust-\\nings. The seventh was the district so long and ably represented by\\nMr. Stephens, with its overwhelming Whig majority and the eighth,\\ncontiguous to it, was Mr. Toombs district, with a still larger Whig\\nmajority. Nearly all, if not all, the counties of those districts, he\\nvisited, and addressed the people, some of them more than once and\\nbesides this, in obedience to the numerous calls of his party friends\\nabroad, traversed almost every portion of the State.\\nIn 1845, when the State Democratic Convention assembled to no-\\nminate a candidate for Governor, there were but two names promi-\\nnently before that body those of Colonel M. Hall McAllister and\\nMr. Johnson. Their respective friends urged the claims of each with\\ngreat pertinacity but aware that neither could be nominated under\\nthe state of feeling existing in the Convention, Mr. Johnson, before\\nthe ballotings commenced, formally addressed a letter to the Con-\\nvention, withdrawing the use of his name.\\nIn 1847, his friends in the Convention that assembled to select the\\nDemocratic nominee for the Executive chair, again urged his claims.\\nOn the first ballot he received a number of votes nearly equal to his\\ncompetitor, Colonel Towns, when his friends withdrew his name.\\nThe prominent objection urged against him was, that he had made\\ntemperance speeches, and that on this account he was not so available\\nas Colonel Towns. Many of his friends, disappointed at the result of\\nthe nomination, anticipated the defeat of the party. Colonel Towns\\nwas, however, elected. Shortly after his inauguration, Hon. Walter T.\\nColquitt having resigned his seat in the U. S. Senate, Governor\\nTowns appointed Mr. Johnson to fill the vacancy. He took\\nhis seat in that body on the 14th of February, 1848, and sustain-\\ned the measures of Mr. Polk s Administration. The first speech\\nwhich he made was upon the Ten Regiment Bill, in vindica-\\ntion of the Administration touching the Mexican war, and the ne-\\ncessity and policy of its vigorous prosecution. The talent, patriotism\\nand statesmanship evinced by this speech, gave him at once po-\\nsition in the National Council, and equalled the expectations of his\\nfriends. During the long session of 1848, besides taking part in the\\noccasional debates of the Senate, he made a speech on the resolutions\\ncongratulating France upon her Republican movements, and another\\nupon the Oregon Territorial Bill.\\nHe was a delegate to the National Democratic Convention held at", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0295.jp2"}, "294": {"fulltext": "256 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nBaltimore, in June, 1848. On his return to Georgia, after the ad-\\njournment of Congress, he participated in the Presidential canvass\\nthen in progress. On reassuming his seat in the Senate in Decem-\\nber, he was elected Chairman of the Committee on the District of\\nColumbia. The feeble state of his health during the early and\\ngreater part of this session, prevented him from taking an active part\\nin many of the exciting discussions which occupied it. He did,\\nhowever, near its close, make an able and effective speech on what is\\nknown as Walker s amendment to the Civil Appropriation Bill. It\\nwas during this session of Congress that the meeting of the South-\\nern members was held, which promulgated what is known as the\\nSouthern Address. That paper received his signature. The\\ncareer of Colonel Johnson in the U. S. Senate was brief, but it\\nwas brilliant. It was no small compliment to him that he stood high in\\nthe estimation of Mr. Calhoun that distinguished Senator having\\nmore than once declared that he regarded him the ablest man of his\\nage then in the Senate.\\nIn November, 1849, he was elected by the Legislature of Georgia\\nJudge of the Superior Court for the Ocmulgee District. In this\\nnew and responsible position, he did not disappoint the expectations of\\nthose who placed him in it. Upon his elevation to the Bench, it was\\nhis determination to abstain from any active participation in politics,\\nbut the Compromise Measures, as they are termed, excited every\\nman in the State, and he could not easily avoid participating in the\\nfeelings they engendered, and the discussions they elicited. These\\nn vasures gave rise to two new party organizations in Georgia the\\nUnion and Southern Rights. His feelings and sentiments threw him\\ninto the ranks of the latter. Mr. Johnson s friends say he was never\\na disunionist. He believes in the right of secession, not as constitu-\\ntional, but as resulting necessarily from the character of our con-\\nfederated government, the sovercitziity of the States composing it.\\nHe therefore favoured a Southern Congress, not to ride rough-\\nshod over the Constitution, but to preserve it not to dissolve the\\nUnion, but to perpetuate it. He believed that a Southern Congress\\nwas the best practicable mode of securing union and harmony among\\nthe States of the South, and consequently of securing the glorious re-\\nsults anticipated from it. But when Georgia, in her Convention in\\nDecember, 1850, resolved to acquiesce in the Compromise, Judge\\nJohnson was one of the first to declare that the causes which led to\\nthe organization of the Southern Rights party had ceased to exist,\\nlie therefore was found in the meeting held in the capitol at Mil-\\nledgeville, in November, 1851 the design of which was, among other\\nthings, to nominate a democratic electoral ticket for the State. In\\nthat meeting he offered a preamble, reciting among other things the\\nviews that have been adverted to, concluding with the following,\\namong other resolutions\\nResolved, That the question of submission to the Compromise is settled in this\\nState and that it is the duty of the people, for the future, to unite as one man, in", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0296.jp2"}, "295": {"fulltext": "HERSCHEL V. JOHNSON. 257\\nthe inflexible determination to maintain, to the letter, the position which Georgia\\nhas taken against all future aggressions by Congress upon the institution of slavery.\\nResolved, That, in view of the indications given by the Northern Democracy,\\nto consider the slavery question as finally settled by the Compromise, to enforee\\nthe Fugitive Slave Law, and to oppose its repeal or material modification, Geor-\\ngia should be represented in the Baltimore Convention, to co-operate in such ac-\\ntion by that body, and the nomination of such candidates for the Presidency and\\nVice-Presidency, as will give vitality and efficacy to the Compromise, secure\\nsafety to the South, and harmony to the Confederacy.\\nResolved, That we recommend the Democratic party to hold a Convention at\\nMilledgeville, at as early a day as may be convenient and expedient, to appoint\\ndelegates to the Baltimore Convention, and that a committee of nine be appoint-\\ned by the President of this meeting, to confer with the friends of this policy in\\nevery part of the State, to designate and publicly announce the day for the as-\\nsembling of such Convention.\\nMr. Johnson s preamble and resolutions were unanimously adopted.\\nThe Convention ordered by that meeting assembled on the 31st\\nof March, and sent delegates to the National Democratic Convention,\\nin which Judge Johnson occupied a seat, and, in connection with his\\ncolleagues, cordially seconded the movement of Virginia, which re-\\nsulted in the nomination of General Pierce. He was also unani-\\nmously nominated by the Convention of Georgia one of the electors\\nfor the State at large, and was elected.\\nHaving been nominated a candidate for Governor, he resigned his\\nseat on the bench in August, 1853, was elected Governor on the first\\nMonday of October, and inaugurated on the 9th of November.\\nIn commenting upon his inaugural, the editor of the Savannah Re-\\npublican says\\nThe inaugural address of Governor Johnson will not fail to attract\\nthat general attention due alike to a document of the kind, and the\\ndistinguished source from whence it emanates. Had the people of\\nour commonwealth no other evidence whereby to judge of the cha-\\nracter of its chief magistrate, and his ability to administer its laws,\\nthan the authorship of this address, their confidence in his honesty of\\npurpose, under a just appreciation of the trusts and responsibilities\\nwhich devolve upon him, would be hearty and unreserved. This ad-\\ndress gives evidence on the part of its author of a clearness of percep-\\ntion, a firmness of purpose, and an humble reliance, worthy the head\\nand heart of one called to preside over and administer the extended\\nand varied interests of a free and Christian people. The great in-\\nterests of education, agriculture, internal improvements, and the me-\\nchanic arts, are alluded to as worthy the fostering care of the Go-\\nvernment.\\nUpon the subject of education, Governor J. says\\nOur system assumes, that the people are capable of self-government; each\\nman is a portion of the sovereignty, and, to the extent of his individual influ-\\nence, gives direction to all the operations of government. But this assump-\\ntion is not based upon any inherent capacity for government, as an attribute of\\n17", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0297.jp2"}, "296": {"fulltext": "258 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nman. It presupposes intelligence, to understand his rights, and virtue to give\\nthat intelligence proper direction. Hence, public education and morality en-\\nlightened intellect and cultivated heart are indispensable to the success of our\\npolitical system. They are the main pillars on which the structure is built; let\\nthem be substituted by ignorance and vice, and the fabric will tumble to ruins.\\n11 If to this consideration we add the reflection, that education is the most potent\\nmeans for the rapid development of a high civilization the proper end of go-\\nvernment how obvious and imperative is the obligation to foster its diffusion\\namong the people, with a liberality commensurate with its importance and the\\nunnumbered blessings which it procures The cause of public education is em-\\nphatically the cause of our State. It addresses itself to every noble feeling of our\\nhearts. If, as patriots, we desire the perpetuity of our free institutions if, as\\nphilanthropists, we would gladden the children of poverty with the sunbeams of\\nscience, elevate them to useful citizenship, and press to their lips the cup of in-\\ntellectual happiness, it pleads with an urgency and pathos that should awaken\\nevery generous impulse.\\nWe most ardently wish that such sentiments may be speedily ap-\\npreciated and acted upon throughout the length and breadth of Geor-\\ngia-\\nJudge Johnson, besides his political speeches, has, on several occa-\\nsions, distinguished himself by his efforts in other fields. In 1842,\\nhe delivered the Annual Address before the Alumni of the State Uni-\\nversity in 1845, the eulogy on General Jackson before the citizens\\nof Milledgeville; and in 1847, the annual commencement oration be-\\nfore the Literary Societies of Mercer University also before the Wes-\\nleyan Female College at Macon, on the 14th July, 1853. All these\\naddresses were published, and added to the reputation he had pre-\\nviously acquired.\\nAs a public speaker, he enjoys an enviable reputation. On the\\nhustings, he has few equals. As a man, Judge Johnson s public and\\nprivate character is without a stain.\\nAt the age of forty, without any adventitious circumstances to aid\\nhim, by mere force of talent and weight of character, he has won\\nhis way to a proud distinction among the leading spirits of the coun-\\ntry.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0298.jp2"}, "297": {"fulltext": "ftdcjjes of Counties.\\nAPPLING COUNTY,\\nNamed after Colonel Daniel Appling, was laid out in 1818; part\\nadded to Telfair in 1819, part to Ware in 1824, and a part to Telfair\\nin 1825. Length, 55 m. breadth, 35 m. area square miles, 1,925.\\nAppling is sparsely populated.\\nThe head waters of the Great and Little St. Ilia are in this county.\\nThe creeks are Ten-mile Creek, Five-mile Creek, Big and Little\\nGoose, Dougherty s, c.\\nThe face of the country is level. The soil is poor. Productions,\\ncotton, sugar-cane, corn, and rice.\\nHolmesville is the county site, distant from Milledgeville 115 m.\\nTown Bluff is a small place on the Alatamaha.\\nThe climate is healthy.\\nThe first settlers of this county were Nathan Dean, John Taylor,\\nHenry Taylor, Silas 0. Quin, Moses Vick, John Johnson, John\\nHawkins, John Smith, D. Redish, D. Summerall, R. Strickland,\\nSamuel Sellears, John Pervis, A. Eason, G. Moody7 John Rober-\\nson, Jesse Carter, Samuel Carter, Thomas Woods, R. and S.\\nSwilley, B. George, the Mobleys, Halls, Overstreets, and Wil-\\ncoxes.\\nAccording to the census of 1850, there were in this county 410\\ndwellings, 410 families, 1,271 white males, 1,250 white females, 17\\nfree coloured males, 7 free coloured females. Total free population,\\n2,545; slaves, 405. Deaths, 27. Farms, 313.\\nBAKER COUNTY.\\nThis county was laid out from Early in 1825, and was named after\\nColonel John Baker, of Revolutionary memory. It is 37^ miles in length,\\nand about the same in width.\\nThe lands of this county have a wide-spread and well-deserved repu-\\ntation for great productiveness and certainty of crops. Cotton and\\ncorn are the chief productions but sugar-cane, Upland rice, tobacco,", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0299.jp2"}, "298": {"fulltext": "260 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nand the various grains, fruits, and vegetables, which grow in the same\\nlatitude elsewhere, thrive well here.\\nThroughout this county there is a substratum of soft limestone,\\nwhich is supposed to add to the fertility of the land. This limestone\\nin many places forms the banks and bed of the principal streams, giv-\\ning them somewhat the appearance of works of art. Many streams\\npass through the limestone formation, concealed from view until they\\nempty into the Flint River. The occasional falling in of the earth\\nabove these streams forms funnel-shaped cavities, which are called\\nlime-sinks.\\nThe county is well timbered, chiefly with the finest size and quality\\nof yellow pine, though there are large districts in which oak, hickory,\\nc, predominate.\\nFlint River runs almost diagonally through the county from north-\\neast to southwest, and is navigable a part of the year, by steamboats,\\nto Albany. The county is watered by several creeks, which empty\\ninto the Flint River.*\\nThe face of the country is level, or gently undulating the cli-\\nmate is equable and pleasant the atmosphere is generally clear,\\nand free from fogs and the pine lands are considered very healthy.\\nNewton, the capital, is situated on the west bank of Flint River,\\nnear the centre of the count) r and is a place of some trade.\\nAlbany is situated on the west bank of Flint River, in the\\nnortheastern part of the county. The location is pleasant and\\nhealthy it is the centre of a large fertile district of country is the\\nhead of steamboat navigation, and has a thriving trade. Albany\\nwas founded in October, 1836. The place where it now stands was\\nthen an unbroken pine forest, without an inhabitant. The removal of\\nthe remaining Creek Indians, in 1836, from the southwestern part of\\nthe State, promoted the settlement of this fertile district by the whites,\\nand the population and productions of the country, and the conse-\\nquent importance of Albany as a market town, has been steadily in-\\ncreasing. In 1841, the Legislature granted a charter for the City\\nof Albany, under which that place has since been governed, by a\\nMayor and City Council, annually elected by the citizens.\\nIt will not be inappropriate to mention in this place a railroad pro-\\nject which was originated here, and which, if accomplished, as recent\\nevents seem to indicate, will add very greatly to the importance and\\nvalue of the whole southern part of the State. In 1847 the represen-\\ntation of Baker County obtained from the Legislature a charter for\\nthe Savannah and Albany Railroad Company, which authorized\\nthe construction of a railway from Savannah to Albany, and thence\\nacross the Chattahoochee River, with such branches as the company\\nmay determine. On the 27th August, 1853, a company was organ-\\nized in Savannah under this charter, whose purpose it is to construct\\na direct road from Savannah, through Albany, to Mobile, Alabama,\\nwith branches. The city of Savannah immediately subscribed one\\nThe Indian name for Flint River is Thronaleeska.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0300.jp2"}, "299": {"fulltext": "BAKER COUNTY. 261\\nmillion dollars of the capital stock of the company agents were\\nappointed to procure the further necessary capital, and the work will\\nprobably be commenced within the year.\\nConcord is a public place, and a post-office in the northern part of\\nthe county.\\nMilford is a place of some business, and a post-office, situated on\\nthe Ichawaynochaway Creek, in the western part of the county.\\nOak Lawn and Gillionsville are post-offices in the northern part of\\nthe county.\\nGumpond is a post-office in the eastern part.\\nThe census of 1850 gives this county 755 dwellings, 755 families,\\n2,311 white males, 2,044 white females; free coloured males, 17;\\nfree coloured females, 7 total free population, 4,355 slaves, 3,765\\ndeaths, 126; farms, 444; manufacturing establishments, 12. The\\npopulation is supposed now (1853) to exceed 10,000.\\nThere are several saw and grist mills in this county, among which\\nare Tift and Brisbane s, on the Kinchafoona Creek, two miles north\\nof Albany, Hampton and Harris s steam-mill, one mile east of\\nAlbany, and Lawton s steam-mill, several miles southwest of\\nAlbany, each of which is capable of cutting four thousand feet of\\ntimber per day.\\nThe county is rapidly improving. Should the season prove favour-\\nable, it is estimated by resident merchants that the cotton crop of\\nBaker, for 1853, will reach 30,000 bales.\\nIntelligence, industry, and hospitality are prominent traits in the\\ncharacter of the citizens.\\nAmong the first settlers of this county were the Tinslys, Howards,\\nHalls, Hobbys, Wheeler^ Jarnigans, and the persons whose names\\nappear in the list of the first Grand Jury.\\nThe following is an extract from the record of the proceedings of\\nthe first Superior Court held in Baker\\nGEORGIA, BAKER COUNTY.\\nJanuary Term, 1827.\\nThe Honourable Superior Court met according to law,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 present, the Honour-\\nable Moses Fort.\\nThe following persons appeared, and were sworn as the Grand Jury\\n1. John S. Porter. 12. Nathan Griffin.\\n2. John Kell. 13. John L. W. Spears.\\n3. Stephen Johnson. 14. Asa Foscue.\\n4. Curtis Nellums. 15. Thomas Howard.\\n5. John Kelly. 16. Hillory Hooks.\\n6. William Kemp. 17. John Gillion.\\n7. JohnDennard. 18. Patrick Sessum.\\n8. Berrajah Joyner. 19. Chas. S. Miller.\\n9. Robert Kelly. 20. James J. Goodwin.\\n10. Benjamin Keaton. 21. Joseph Hollaway.\\n11. Henry Smith.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0301.jp2"}, "300": {"fulltext": "262 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nThe Grand Jury made the following report\\nThe Grand Jury for the County of Baker having had nothing laid before them\\nfor consideration, and from the peaceable and orderly condition of their county,\\nknow of no grievance of sufficient magnitude for presentment.\\nCourt adjourned.\\nEx d. Moses Fort, J.S.C.S.C.\\nThomas F. Whittington, Clerk.\\n3KtsnlUit*BB2.\\nBATTLE OF CHICKASAWHACHEE.\\nThis was the hardest fought battle of the war with the Creek In-\\ndians, in 1836. The Chickasawhachee Creek has a swamp, several\\nmiles in extent, lying partly in the second and partly in the third dis-\\ntricts of Baker County, covered with timber and a dense undergrowth,\\nand in a great many places to a considerable depth with water.\\nIn the latter part of June, 1836, the Creek Indians, after burning\\nRoanoke, in Stewart County, and committing other depredations, de-\\nparted for Florida, with the purpose of joining the Seminole Indians.\\nCaptains Rich and Hentz, with two small companies of militia, who\\nwere volunteers from Baker and adjoining counties, followed their\\ntrail into Baker County and on the 26th of June, at night, knowing\\nthey were in the vicinity of the Indians, dispersed in small squads\\nto protect their own families and those of their friends and neigh-\\nbours. The next morning they heard the report of guns, and taking\\nthe trail, they found the Indians had murdered a gentleman, whose\\nname we have forgotten, with his wife and three children, also Mr.\\nWilliam Hicks, and a Mr. Padget and his two children. Mr. and\\nMrs. Hollaway and their daughter were wounded, but made their es-\\ncape. The dead bodies were shockingly mangled. The Indians, to\\nthe number of three hundred warriors, penetrated the Chickasawha-\\nchee Swamp, and took possession of an island in the middle of it,\\nwhere they prepared to defend themselves against any attack which\\nmight be made by the whites. The Baker militia, after burying\\nthe dead, devoted themselves to the security of the inhabitants,\\nuntil other troops arrived. On the 3d of July, a week after the\\nIndians had entered the swamp, the two Baker companies, having\\nbeen joined by Captain Jarnigan s company from Stewart County,\\nCaptain Holmes company from Early County, a company from\\nThomas County, and a company of cavalry from Bibb County,\\nnumbering together about five hundred men, the whole under the\\ncommand of Colonel Beall, it was determined to attack the Indian\\ncamp. Accordingly, two hundred men were stationed outside of the\\nswamp, to prevent the escape of the enemy and these were subse-\\nquently joined by Captain Bostwick s company from Pulaski County.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0302.jp2"}, "301": {"fulltext": "BAKER COUNTY. 263\\nThe remaining force penetrated the swamp, through undergrowth,\\nmud, and water, sometimes to their waists, to the Indian camp, when\\na warmly-contested battle of more than half an hour was maintained,\\nuntil the Indians were driven from the field, leaving nine dead, to-\\ngether with their horses and plunder. Several dead were seen to be\\ncarried off the field during the battle, and some were afterwards found\\nby the whites. Of the Georgia troops, tw T elve or fourteen were wound-\\ned one mortally. The Indians were dispersed and being closely\\npursued by the different companies, were made captive, or killed, be-\\nfore reaching Florida. The consequences of this action were very\\nimportant, as it prevented the junction of a band of brave and expe-\\nrienced warriors with the Seminoles, who were then giving the Gen-\\neral Government much trouble in .Florida. Although the troops\\nengaged in it were militia, without experience or discipline, they be-\\nhaved with great coolness and bravery.\\nThe following, supposed to have been written by an officer w r ho\\nwas present in the above engagement, is taken from the Columbus\\nSentinel of 1836\\nI will, as far as I have been able to learn them, give you some of the par\\nticulars relative to Colonel Beall s fight, in the Chickasawhachee. After march-\\ning about four miles in mud and water from knee deep to near their waists, the\\nadvance guard discovered the enemy s tents pitched on dry ground, and such\\nbeing their eagerness for fight, they cracked away at an Indian who chanced to\\nbe walking down to the water to wash his hands. This alarmed the whole\\ncamp, and they rushed out and commenced a regular fire at our men, behind\\nthe cover of trees, c, led on by a chief, who did all that he could to encour-\\nage his men, until an unerring ball from a rifle laid him prostrate upon the\\nearth. The firing lasted about twenty minutes, when the charge was made\\nand the enemy fled with precipitation, leaving thirteen dead upon the field, and\\nample evidence of a much greater number being slain; many were seen to be\\npicked up and carried off; they were pursued for some distance. The Indians\\nhad thirty-six tents, and an incredible quantity of beef, bacon, horses, saddles,\\nbridles, homespun, cooking utensils, c, c, all of which fell into the hands of\\nthe victorious whites. Many rifles were also taken; in a word, the whole camp\\nequipage was taken and destroyed by the troops. Their situation now is des-\\nperate. The whites had nine wounded, of which one has since died, Mr. John\\nHardison, of Early. Mr. James Buchanan of this place, a gallant soldier, had his\\nthigh broken, but is doing well. It is generally admitted that if the advance\\nguard had reserved their fire until the main body could have gotten up, every\\nrascal of them would have been taken. As an evidence of their desire to fight,\\nwhen it was necessary for a guard to be placed over the horses, during the ab-\\nsence of the troops, the officers were compelled to detail them regularly for that\\npurpose, no one being willing to remain. After Buchanan fell, he called some\\nmen to him and begged them to hold him up until he could shoot, but his gun\\nhad- been wet, and it would not fire. Two dead Indians have been found since\\nthe battle, and some twenty-five or thirty horses and mules taken. The swamp\\nis from four to eight miles wide, and fifteen miles long, and now and then a dry", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0303.jp2"}, "302": {"fulltext": "264 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nspot of earth appears. It is infested with alligators, bears, wolves, c. not a human\\nbeing save the savage has ever explored it. It is impossible to say how many\\nIndians there are. Tom Carr s estimate is generally believed to be correct.\\nHe was in the battle, and fought gallantly he numbers them at three hun-\\ndred there were, at any rate, thirty-six cloth tents. Beall had two hundred and\\nseventy-five. The Indians will now, without doubt, use every effort to escape,\\nfor their situation is, as I have before stated, desperate. It is feared by some\\nthat they have already gone if they have not, their time has well nigh drawn\\nto a close, for the boys are mad and determined to have them. Beall has now\\nthree hundred men under his command our battalion will augment that num-\\nber to five hundred. It is believed that yet a greater number of men will be\\nnecessary to force the Indians from the swamp, or to keep them in it.\\nWe copy from the Albany Patriot of May 14, 1845, the following\\naccount of a tragical incident connected with the Creek war:\\nNear the road leading from Albany to Blakely, in a solitary place about two\\nmiles from the Chickasawhachee Swamp, stands a dilapidated house, which is\\nnow uninhabited, and has a very desolate appearance. To a believer in ghosts,\\nit would present a favourable spot for their nocturnal visits. A traveller ap-\\nproaching it in the twilight, would almost expect to see something frightful start\\nup before him. This was the scene of a bloody tragedy in the last Creek war.\\nIt was then inhabited by a man and his wife, with several children and ser-\\nvants. A former resident of the place had offended the Creeks, and they, with\\nthat unrelenting spirit peculiar to their race, had determined to have revenge.\\nA party of them, in their flight from Alabama to Florida, passed near this place.\\nThey believed the object of their hatred was within their reach the demon of\\nrevenge stirred within them, and they determined to sacrifice their victim and\\nhis whole family. Concealed by the forest, they approached the house while the\\nunsuspecting family and several neighbours were assembled at breakfast.\\ni: Alarmed by the shouts of the savages, they attempted to escape. A horrid\\nmassacre ensued. The blood of father, mother, children, neighbours, and ser-\\nvants was mingled together.\\nA party of whites next day visited the spot. They found some dead, some\\ndying, and some, though shockingly mangled, still survived.\\nIn their blind rage, the savages had missed the object of their vengeance, and\\nbrought destruction upon an innocent family.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2The appearance of the place is in keeping with its history; the woods look\\ndark and gloomy long moss hangs in curtains from the trees, as if nature,\\nin sympathy for the murdered family, had clothed herself in the habiliments of\\nwoe.\\n*To Nelson Tift, Esq., of Albany. Baker County, we acknowledge ourselves much\\nindebted for valuable information relating to the section of country in which he resides.\\nWe feel it to be a duty we owe to this intelligent and enterprising gentleman to state\\nthat he furnished us with the above sketch of Baker County.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0304.jp2"}, "303": {"fulltext": "BALDWIN COUNTY.\\n265\\nBALDWIN COUNTY.\\nThis county was first laid out by the Lottery Act of 1803 parts\\nadded from Wilkinson, Washington, and Hancock, 1807; parts add-\\ned from Washington, 1812, and a part taken from Washington,\\n1826. Organized in 1805. Named after the Hon. Abraham Bald-\\nwin. The Oconee runs through the middle of the county, into\\nwhich Fishing and other creeks empty.\\nMilledgeville is the seat of justice for the county, and the capital\\nof the State of Georgia situated on the west side of the Oconee\\nRiver, in lat. 33\u00c2\u00b0 4 10 West Ion. from Washington, 6\u00c2\u00b0 19 It is\\ndistant 659 miles S.W. of Washington City 158 N. W. of Savannah\\n89 W. S.W. of Augusta; 193 N. of Darien 32 E. of Macon, and\\n125 E. N. E. of Columbus. The town was named after Governor\\nJohn Milledge. It was made a city in 1836. The Legislature first\\nheld its session here in 1807.\\nSTATE-HOUSE.\\nThe State-House stands upon an eminence, about three-fourths of\\na mile from the river. In it are rooms for the Legislature, offices for\\nthe Governor, Secretary of State, Treasurer, Comptroller, and Sur-\\nveyor-General and rooms for clerks, committees, c.\\nThe Penitentiary is located at Milledgeville.\\nThe outer walls of the Penitentiary are made of brick, averaging\\ntwenty feet in height, by two and a half feet thick, containing\\nwithin the walls two and a half acres. The cells, or prison proper,", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0305.jp2"}, "304": {"fulltext": "266 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nare contained in a three-story granite building, two hundred feet long\\nby thirty feet broad. They are on each side, and divided into four\\nwards, designated by the letters A, B, C, and D. These cells are\\nnumbered on the doors, beginning in each ward at No. 1, and rising\\nuntil all are numbered in each respective ward. The occupants are\\nalso numbered, corresponding with the letter of the ward to which\\nthey belong. The present workshops were constructed in 1844.\\nThey are built of brick, one story high, of nine feet pitch, with jointed\\nsheathing, and covered with shingles. The form at its common cen-\\ntre is that of an octagon, with three of its angles cut to a straight line,\\nleaving five angles of thirty feet each, which angles being all open,\\nthey present so many openings into as many shops, each one hundred\\nand fifty feet long, by thirty broad. There is in the inclosure a two-\\nstory building of brick, forty feet square, in which are apartments\\nfor the sick, female convicts, c.\\nState Lunatic Asylum. Number of buildings for patients, 2.\\nSize of buildings height, four stories; length, 129 feet; width, 39\\nfeet. Number of rooms for patients in each of the two buildings, ex\\nelusive of those used for bathing purposes, c, 63 size of those\\nrooms, ten feet by nine. Extent of ground at present belonging to\\nthe Asylum, forty acres.\\nThe Milledgeville Manufacturing Company is located at Milledge-\\nville. Capital, $83,000. Main building four stories high, built of\\nbrick. 3,136 spindles 53 looms.\\nIn the vicinity of Milledgeville there is much to interest the geolo-\\ngist. Sir Charles Lyell, President of the London Geological Society,\\nwho visited Georgia in 1846, in a volume which^ he afterwards pub-\\nlished, has some valuable remarks on the subject of the boulders of\\ngranite lying on the surface of the soil in the vicinity of Milledgeville\\nMidway, one mile and a half from Milledgeville, is the seat of Ogle\\nthorpe University. This institution is under the government of the\\nPresbyterian Church, represented by the Synod of South Carolina\\nand Georgia. The College commenced operations in January, 1838.\\nThe main college building is of brick, two stories high, besides a\\nbasement. The central part contains a fine chapel; whole dimensions,\\n52 feet front by 89 feet deep, including a colonnade 14 feet deep\\nAttached to the building are two wings, 30 feet front by 34 feet deep,\\nthree stories high. In the basement and wings are 16 rooms, for li-\\nbrary, museum, c. On each side of the campus there is a row of\\ndormitories of one story, for the accommodation of the students. The\\nother buildings are the President s house, the Academy, and a build-\\ning used for recitations.\\nScottsborough, named after General John Scott, four miles south of\\nMilledgeville, is a pleasant summer residence.\\nFort Wilkinson is on the Oconee, three miles below Milledgeville,\\nfamous as the place where a treaty was held with the Creeks in\\n1802.*\\nSee under the head of Treaties.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0306.jp2"}, "305": {"fulltext": "BALDWIN COUNTY. 267\\nThe climate is regarded healthy. The cases of longevity that\\nhave come to the compiler s knowledge are, Mrs. Martha Thomas,\\nnow living, aged 107 years Mrs. Martha Bass, died at the age of\\n83; Mrs. Edith Howard, 89; Mrs. Susanna Jackson, 84; Mrs.\\nMyric, 85; Jesse Doles, 85; Mrs. Huson, over 80; William\\nMcGehee, 80 John Dismukes, 93.\\nAccording to the census of 1850, this county has 647 dwellings,\\n647 families, 1,885 white males, 1,637 white females, 19 free coloured\\nmales, 5 free coloured females. Total free population, 3,546. Slaves,\\n4,602. Deaths, 77. Farms, 240. Manufacturing establishments, 3.\\nValue of real estate, $1,051,350. Value of personal estate, $2,058,778.\\nAmong the early settlers were, Major John Howard, Herbert\\nReynolds, General John Scott, General Jett Thomas, Captain\\nAugustine Harris, Colonel Abner Hammond, Major Thomas H.\\nKenan, Jesse Sanpord, Lazarus Battle, Hines Holt, George R.\\nClayton, Dr. Thompson Bird, Colonel Z. Lamar, Charles Malone,\\nWilliam and Archy Devereaux, W. D. Jarrett, Thomas Napier,\\nD. Fluker, A. Greene, and R. White.\\nSeveral prominent men of the State have resided in Baldwin.\\nAmong them may be mentioned Major John Howard, a gentleman\\nof most excellent character Robert Rutherford, a lawyer of dis-\\ntinction, and of great energy of character John W. Devereaux, an\\nhonest and enterprising citizen S. Grantland, an editor, and mem-\\nber of Congress; Seaborn Jones, now of Columbus, acknowledged\\nto be one of the best lawyers in Georgia Augustine Harris, a gen-\\ntleman of great probity of character; General John Scott, a resolute,\\npersevering man; Thomas Fitch, an able lawyer, and of unimpeach-\\nable integrity Dr. Sa m uel Boykin, a man of science. Drs. Fort\\nand White now reside in MiTI dgeville, standing high in their profes-\\nsion, and acknowledged by all the citizens of Georgia to be upright\\nand kind gentlemen.\\nThe following items are taken from old Milledgeville papers\\nDuncan M Krimmon, a resident of this town, was a Georgia militiaman in\\nthe service of the United States during the late Seminolean war. While sta-\\ntioned at Fort Gadsden on the Appalachicola, he one morning went fishing, and\\nin attempting to return, missed his way, and was several days lost in the sur-\\nrounding wilderness. After wandering about in various directions, he was\\nespied and captured by a party of hostile Indians, headed by the well-known\\nProphet, Francis, who had an elegant uniform, a fine brace of pistols, and a\\nBritish commission of Brigadier-General, which he exultingly showed to the\\nprisoner. Having obtained the satisfaction they wanted respecting the strength", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0307.jp2"}, "306": {"fulltext": "268 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nand position of the American army r they began to prepare for the intended sac\\nrifice. M Krimmon was placed at a stake and the ruthless savages, having\\nshaved his head and reduced his body to a state of nudity, formed themselves\\ninto a circle, and danced around him some hours, yelling all the while most hor-\\nribly. The youngest daughter of the Prophet (who is about fifteen years of age,\\nand represented by officers of the army we have conversed with to be a woman\\nvery superior to her associates) was sad and silent the whole time she partici-\\npated not in the general joy, but was evidently, even to the affrighted prisoner,\\nmuch pained at the savage scene she was compelled to witness. When the\\nfatal tomahawk was raised to terminate for ever the mortal existence of the un\\nfortunate M Krimmon at that critical, that awful moment, Milly Francis, like\\nan angel of mercy, placed herself between it and death, resolutely bidding the\\nastonished executioner, if he thirsted for human blood, to shed hers, being deter-\\nmined, she said, not to survive the prisoner s death. A momentary pause was\\nproduced by this unexpected occurrence; and she took advantage of the circum-\\nstance to implore the pity of her ferocious father, who finally yielded to her\\nwishes, with the intention, however, it is believed, of murdering them both, if he\\ncould not sell M Krimmon to the Spaniards, which was luckily effected a few\\ndays after at St. Mark s, for seven gallons and a half of rum. As long as he re-\\nmained a prisoner. M Krimmon s benefactress continued to show him acts of\\nkindness. Now, the fortune of war has placed her in the power of the white\\npeople she arrived at Fort Gadsden not long since, with a number of others that\\nhad surrendered, in a starving condition. We are gratified to learn, that a pro-\\nper respect for her virtues induced the commanding officer, Colonel Arbuckle, to\\nrelieve her immediate wants. M Krimmon appears to have a due sense of the\\nobligation he owes the woman who saved his life at the hazard of her own he\\nleft town last week to seek her, and as far as may be in his power to alleviate\\nher misfortunes. It is also his firm determination, we understand, if she will\\nconsent, to make her his wife, and reside, provided he can prevail upon her to\\ndo so, within the settled parts of Georgia.*\\nIndian Talk. On Saturday, the 19th of July, 1811, a company of fifty-seven\\nof our red brethren of the lower Creeks, of whom twenty-two are of distinction,\\nencamped on the banks of Fishing Creek, about a mile from the State-House.\\nOn Sunday, about twenty attended Divine service at the Methodist Meeting-\\nHouse, and their deportment was such as to evince they were disposed to be\\norderly and attentive. On Monday, at 10 a. m., thirty-eight assembled in the\\nRepresentative Chamber in order to have a talk with his Excellency the Go-\\nvernor they were attended by Colonel Hawkins, the United States Agent for In-\\ndian Affairs, and Mr. Timothy Barnard, as interpreter. A numerous concourse\\nof ladies and gentlemen were present. About 11, the talk was commenced.\\nThe principal speakers were Tustunnuggee Hopoie, or Little Prince, Micco\\nThlucco of Cusseta, (known in the treaty at New-York by Birdtail King,) and\\nTustunnuggee Hutkee known by the whites as Win. M Intosh, who was one\\nof the deputation that made the last treaty at Washington City. The purport\\nof the talk was a reciprocal assurance of amity and friendship, and a desire\\nto cultivate a more close attachment and friendly intercourse between the", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0308.jp2"}, "307": {"fulltext": "BIBB COUNTY. 269\\nwhite and red men to be of one house and one fire. Tustunnuggee Hutkee,\\namong other things, said, he was pleased to see so many white men, because\\nthey could hear what they had to say, and tell others. That whenever persons\\nwere intoxicated, they looked upon them as beside themselves, and took no\\nnotice of what they said or did this was their manner of treating white\\nmen, and they expected to receive the same treatment in return. That\\nthe old people would soon be gone, and this talk was intended for the\\nrising generation, and to evince to them that their young men would as anx-\\niously cultivate a good understanding with their white brethren as their fa-\\nthers had done. They informed Governor Mitchell that they had some other\\nmatters to mention, but would make him acquainted with them through Colonel\\nHawkins. After the talk wa3 concluded, about twenty of them, Colonel\\nHawkins, Mr. Barnard, c, dined with the Governor. It affords us pleasure to\\nstate that not the least complaint of irregularity or riotous behaviour occurred\\nand brotherly love and harmony mutually subsisted whenever the white and red\\nmen were together.\\nIt thus appears that rude and uncultivated minds are susceptible of the finest\\nsensibility, of the warmest attachments, of the most inviolable friendship, and\\nthat they sometimes practise virtues which would do credit to a people the most\\nrefined and enlightened.\\nBIBB COUNTY.\\nLaid out in 1822; part taken from Twiggs in 1833; part from\\nJones in 1834. Lot 78 and fraction 79, in Old Baldwin, now Jones,\\nadded to Bibb, 1835. Organized in 1822, and named in honour of\\nDr. William W. Bibb. Length, 19 miles; breadth, 16 miles; area\\nsquare miles, 304.\\nThe Ocmulgee River is the chief stream. The creeks are Tobesof-\\nkee, Rocky, Savage, Echaconnee, c.\\nMacon, named after the Hon. Nathaniel Macon, is the seat of jus-\\ntice. The first lots were sold in 1823. It is situated on both sides of\\nthe Ocmulgee River, 32 miles from Milledgeville. The Municipal\\nGovernment consists of a Mayor and eight Aldermen, elected annually.\\nThere are many handsome public buildings in Macon, namely, the\\nCourt-house, the various churches, as, the Presbyterian, Episcopa-\\nlian, Methodist, Baptist, and Roman Catholic.\\nThe Female College, standing upon an eminence, is constructed of\\nbrick, 160 feet by 60. The Southern Botanico Medical College is\\nlocated at Macon. The Legislature of 1852 appropriated $5,000 to\\nenable the Board to erect a building, procure apparatus, c. One\\nstudent from each Congressional district in the State is to receive in-\\nstruction free of charge.\\nThe Georgia Academy for the Blind is located in this city.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0309.jp2"}, "308": {"fulltext": "270\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nThe above js a front view of the Rose Hill Cemetery. It is the ad-\\nmiration of strangers. We are indebted to Mr. S. Rose for the fol-\\nlowing description of this interesting spot\\nIt is situated about half a mile above the city, on the banks\\nof the Ocmulgee River, mostly on elevated ground, the highest point\\nbeing 142 feet above its bed. Its entrance is through a lofty arched\\ngate, constructed after the Doric order of architecture. The area of\\nground comprised within the inclosure is about fifty acres. Another\\nspot could scarcely be found in any section of our country so much\\ndiversified, and comprising so many distinct objects and combinations\\ngoing to form a perfect picture of rural beauty. Many who have\\nvisited the cemeteries of the North, and even the far-famed Mount\\nAuburn, think them far inferior in natural beauty and location to Rose\\nHill. A prominent feature in its scenery is the Ocmulgee River,\\nalong which it extends nearly half of a mile. The banks are from\\nthirty to sixty feet high, and generally rocky and precipitous, and\\nform an impenetrable barrier to its approaches. The higher parts of\\nthe ground are nearly level, and laid out as places of interment other\\nplaces have been selected by many in the wildest parts, almost over-\\nhanging the deep valleys. From the river, deep and narrow dells\\npenetrate the ground from fifty to two hundred yards one of them\\ndivides it entirely near its centre, through which a rivulet murmurs\\nover a steep and rocky bed to the river. This is supplied by four\\nsprings, one at the head, outside the ground, and three within it.\\nThe water of one is reputed to be the coolest and purest in this vicinity.\\nIt is most beautifully located, and is the most attractive spot for visi-\\ntors. The banks around it are high and steep, and thickly wooded.\\nAbove it tower giant poplars and the shady beech, and the sun can\\nscarcely penetrate a beam to enlighten this quiet and solemn solitude.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0310.jp2"}, "309": {"fulltext": "BIBB COUNTY.\\n271\\nSeats are provided here for visitors, as well as in many other parts of\\nthe ground. Two rustic bridges of rock and earth cross this valley\\nand in it a pond of about eighty yards in length, by twenty in breadth,\\nhas been excavated, supplied by pure water from the springs, and its\\nbanks neatly sodded with grass. Around it are several cypresses and\\nweeping willows, and one rises from a mound in its centre. A variety\\nof fine roses is also near it, and in perpetual bloom. These are also\\nscattered over the ground, and along the walks and roads, in great\\nprofusion. The ridges between the dells are steep, and generally\\nterminate abruptly in rocky cliffs at or near the river. On their sum-\\nmits are most beautiful sites for burial lots, most of which are occu-\\npied. A broad avenue from the gate terminates on a rocky bluff at\\nthe river. Carriage-ways are laid out wherever necessary. One\\nmakes the entire circuit of the ground another winds along the heads\\nof the valleys, and presents most picturesque views. The entire\\nlength of the roads and foot-walks is about five miles. Many of them\\nhave been constructed with great labour, being cut into the steep sides\\nof the river bank and hills, winding through every place that presents\\nany object of attraction.\\nChrist Church, (Protestant Episcopal,) here represented, is a\\nbeautiful edifice. Its extreme length is one hundred and nine feet,\\nand it has ninety-two pews, each capable of seating six persons.\\nThe galleries will accommodate three hundred more. It is of the\\nGothic order, and cost upwards of sixteen thousand dollars.\\nBeing in the centre of a thickly-settled and fertile part of the State,\\nMacon enjoys many advantages.\\nAccording to the census of 1850, there were in Bibb 1,234 dwell-\\nings, 1,280 families, 3,619 white males, 3,390 white females, 20 free\\ncoloured males, 33 free coloured females. Total free population,\\n7,062; slaves, 5,637; 177 deaths; 308 farms; 82 manufacturing es-\\ntablishments.\\nIn Macon there are two extensive foundries. First, Findley s\\nFoundry, the principal building of which is 320 feet long, fifty feet\\nwide, and two stories high. Hands employed, 70 capital invested,\\n$30,000. The principal work is the building of steam-engines, with", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0311.jp2"}, "310": {"fulltext": "272\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nall the necessary outfit of boilers, pipes, c, for the same also ma-\\nchinery for saw and grist mills, of every description, by steam or water\\npower.\\nSecondly, Nesbet Levy s Ocmulgee Foundry and Machine Shop.\\nAt this establishment steam-engines and boilers, rice thrashers, bark\\nand sugar mills, gin and mill gearing, water-wheels, castings, and\\nmachinery in general, are manufactured. Number of hands employed,\\n60 and the establishment is prepared to manufacture from twenty-\\nfive to thirty stationary engines per annum.\\nAt a meeting of the Southern Central Agricultural Society and Me-\\nchanics Institute, October 22, 1852, the Committee on Machinery\\nawarded to this establishment a silver cup and a gold medal for the\\nbest steam-engine, a premium for the best pumps, a premium for the\\nbest water-wheels and the Committee on Steel and Iron gave it\\nas their opinion, that two sets of gin gear, together with some cast\\nings, were the best exhibited.\\nMACON COTTON FACTORY.\\nThis establishment is situated in the southwestern part of Macon,\\non the road leading to Columbus. Capital, we believe, $125,000.\\nThe building is of brick, neatly constructed.\\nVineville, one mile from Macon, is a pleasant retreat.\\nMessrs. Ingersoll and Ross erected the first framed building in Macon.\\nThe first court was held on the 20th March, 1823, in a small log-\\nbuilding which stood near the depot of the Western and Macon Rail-\\nroad. Judge Shorter presided.\\nThe first presentment was against a free man of colour, for retailing\\nliquor. The first indictment was stabbing.\\nAmong the first settlers were Roland Bevins, Geo. B. Wardlaw,\\nB. Bullock, C. Baitman, John Douglass, James Henderson, Jon-\\nathan Wilder, John Loving, Thompson Bird, Jeremy Stone,\\nThomas Howard, Leonard Sims, Benjamin Mariner, Henry\\nBailey, Jeremiah Burnett, Anson Kimberly, John Lamar, B. B.\\nLamar, Daniel Wadsworth, Jordon Witcher, Jeremiah Baugh,\\nTimothy Matthews, James W. Allston, A. Meriwether, J. Bates,\\nC. McCardell, S. Rose, James Fitzgerald, Henry Williams,\\nThomas House, H. G. Ross, who has been Clerk of the Superior", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0312.jp2"}, "311": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0313.jp2"}, "312": {"fulltext": "za*f,", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0314.jp2"}, "313": {"fulltext": "BIBB COUNTY. 273\\nCourt for twenty-four years Thomas Moody, N. W. Wells, C\\nBullock, and Wm. Cummings.\\nThe climate is favourable to health. Dr. William Greene died at\\n84 Mr. Richard Bullock at 95 John Dalton, 80 Mrs. Cleveland,\\n90 Mrs. Mary Bullock, 84.\\nIn this county reside many gentlemen of high intellectual and moral\\ncharacter. In the learned professions there are many who occupy\\nelevated positions.\\nJudge Christopher Strong lived in Macon several years. He\\nwas a man of active mind and liberal sentiments. He was favoured\\nwith a retentive memory. May the recollection of his virtues be long\\ncherished\\nThe Rev. Seneca G. Bragg, of the Protestant Episcopal Church, has a\\nhigh place in the affections of the citizens. Perhaps there is no man\\nin Georgia who is more beloved than this gentleman. He was rector\\nof the Episcopal Church in Macon for a long period, and by his devo-\\ntion to the duties of his office, united to his conciliating conduct, gained\\nuniversal esteem. We have often heard the opinion expressed that\\nMr. Bragg has not an enemy in the world.\\nHon. Eugenius A. Nesbit resides in Macon, and we are glad that\\nwe have it in our power to give the reader a brief sketch of his life.\\nThis gentleman was the son of Dr. James Nesbit, who emigrated\\nto Georgia from North Carolina, in 1791, and settled in Greene County,\\nwhere, in a very short period, he became one of the most useful and\\nactive citizens. Offices of the highest responsibility were conferred\\nupon him, the duties of which he performed with ability and inte-\\ngrity.\\nThe subject of this memoir was born in the County of Greene,\\nGeorgia, on the 7th of December, 1803. His academical education\\nwas conducted at Powelton, Hancock County, from whence he was\\ntransferred to Columbia College, and continued there until the end\\nof his sophomore year, when he joined the Junior Class in Franklin\\nCollege, at which institution he was graduated in 1821, with the\\nhighest honours of his class.\\nHe commenced his forensic studies under the direction of the Hon.\\nJudge Clayton, and completed them at the celebrated law school in\\nLitchfield, Conn., conducted by Judge Gould.\\nUpon his return to Georgia he was admitted to the bar by a spe-\\ncial act of the Legislature, and established himself in Madison, Mor-\\ngan County. This portion of the State was included in the Ocmul-\\ngee Circuit, and its bar, at the time Mr. Nesbit entered upon his pro-\\nfession, was said to be the most able in Georgia, having its rolls illus-\\ntrated by the names of Early, Cobb, Shorter, Gordon, Longstreet,\\nLamar, Dawson, and others, and it is certainly a strong evidence in\\nfavour of his talents and industry, that notwithstanding such competi-\\ntion, he succeeded in obtaining a lucrative practice.\\nThe citizens of Morgan appreciated the character of Mr. Nesbit,\\n18", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0315.jp2"}, "314": {"fulltext": "274 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nand elected him a member of the General Assembly for seven terms\\nf our in the House, and three in the Senate. The limits fixed to this\\nsketch will not allow us to comment upon all the various measures\\nproposed and advocated by Mr. Nesbit whilst a member of the Le-\\ngislature. The journals of both houses show, that uninfluenced by\\nparty considerations, he was always ready to support any policy by\\nwhich the interests of Georgia could be promoted. At the session of\\n1828 there was much discussion in regard to the Penitentiary. This\\ninstitution had worked badly, and a proposition was seriously enter-\\ntained to abolish it. Mr. Nesbit, as Chairman of the Committee to\\nwhom this subject had been referred, made an elaborate report in fa-\\nvour of the continuance of the Penitentiary, which was adopted.\\nIn 1830 he took his seat in the Senate, and made his debut in that\\nbody by a speech advocating, with much zeal, an increase of the an-\\nnual appropriation to Franklin College. Our State University has\\nnever wanted for efficient friends when her interests were in jeopardy,\\nbut we believe we hazard nothing in saying that in devotion to the\\ncause of his alma mater, there is no person now living who will not\\naward to Mr. Nesbit the praise of standing among the first on the\\nlist of her defenders.\\nHe has, indeed, sustained every interest of education and letters.\\nFond of literature, he is a writer of excellent taste and high cultiva-\\ntion. Although from early life a hard professional worker, he has\\nfound time to be an occasional contributor to some of our most po-\\npular magazines. He has been invited to deliver addresses upon nu-\\nmerous literary occasions. For example before the Literary So-\\nciety of the State University at Commencement at the Anniversary of\\nthe Alumni Society of the University at the Anniversary of the\\nGeorgia Historical Society, c, c. He has devoted much time\\nand thought to the cause of Common and Free Schools, and presided\\nover a Convention of Delegates elected by the counties to devise a\\nplan of Common Schools, which convened at Marietta in the sum-\\nmer of 1850, and which was composed of able men from every sec-\\ntion of the State.\\nAt the session of 1830 he made a masterly speech in favour of a bill\\nfor the establishment of a Supreme Court, in which he replied to the\\nvarious objections urged against such a measure, and anticipated all\\nthe benefits which the State has since realized from that institution.\\nThe bill was, however, lost but so highly was his speech appre-\\nciated by his brother Senators, that they requested a copy of it\\nfor publication. A Convention met in 1832 for the purpose of consi-\\ndering the reduction and equalization of the representatives in both\\nbranches of the Legislature. Of this body Mr. Nesbit was an active\\nmember, and participated largely in its discussions. His speech to\\nthe Convention was regarded as a brilliant effort, and a copy desired\\nfor the press.\\nIn 1836 he was nominated for Congress on the general Whig tick-\\net, which was defeated.\\nIn 1838 he was again nominated for Congress, and was elected,", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0316.jp2"}, "315": {"fulltext": "BIBB COUNTY. 275\\nand in 1840 was re-elected, but from private considerations resigned\\nbefore the expiration of his term.\\nWhen the Supreme Court was established in 1845, he was elected\\none of the judges, and in 1847 was re-elected, and he is at this time\\nan incumbent of that bench.\\nMr. Nesbit, like many of the distinguished men of Georgia, is a\\nprofessor of religion, having in early life connected himself with the\\nPresbyterian Church, and to his life religion has given a beautiful\\nsymmetry and form.*\\n3Hisr*lUnjons.\\nThe Indian mounds in the vicinity of Macon, on both sides of the river,\\nhave always been objects of curiosity to visitors and travellers. The one most\\nnoted, called the Large Mound, is on the east side, about half a mile below the\\nbridge; from which, leaving the public road, a smooth carriage road takes you to\\nthe foot of the mound, about the eighth of a mile from the river. The face of the\\ncountry surrounding it is uneven, though having the appearance of being formerly\\na level plain, and its present unevenness may be in consequence of the over-\\nflowing of the river or the lashing of the ocean. The top of the mound is about\\none hundred and twenty feet above the bed of the river, about one hundred above\\nthe ravine on the south, eighty above the plain on the southwest, (between the\\nmound and the river.) and not over thirty above the plain on the north. The\\nshape approaches that of a cone flattened at the top, which contains an area of\\nnearly a quarter of an acre. The sides are covered with large oaks and hicko-\\nries. From the summit the trees have been removed, and some years since\\nit was tended as a flower-garden. Other mounds, of a smaller size, are near\\nthis. One, situated in a secluded, romantic spot, goes by the name of McDougald s\\nMound, from the circumstance of Captain Robert McDougald being buried here,\\n(by his own request,) while commanding the garrison of Fort Hawkins, about\\nthe year 1809. It is a small hillock, thirty feet high. A neat paling, on which\\nmany visitors have left their names, incloses the grave on its summit. About\\nthirty-five years ago a brother of Captain McDougald was buried on the same\\nspot.\\nBrown s Mount, seven miles below Macon, presents a long high ridge of shell-\\nstone, several hundred feet above the bed of the river. The ridge has much the\\nappearance of the oyster reefs off the coast. The whole mass appears one vast\\nconglomeration of sea-shells, the different genera and s.pecies of which may be\\ndistinctly traced, though some parts are of the hardest flint, and others in various\\nstages of decomposition.\\nFort Hawkins was built for protection against the Indians about the year\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a21805-6, and was a place of considerable importance during the war of 1812 and\\nSee Memoir of Judge Nesbit, in Livingston s Sketches of Distinguished Lawyers,\\nfrom which, with the exception of a few thoughts of our own, the above has been con-\\ndensed.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0317.jp2"}, "316": {"fulltext": "276 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nthe subsequent Indian wars. No garrison has been stationed here, we believe,\\nsince 1819, the time of the first settlement of New Town, (now forming part of\\nMacon,) on the east bank of the Ocmulgee, three-quarters of a mile from the\\nfort\\nBRYAN COUNTY.\\nThis county was laid out in 1793 a part taken from Effingham,\\n1794 and a part set off to Bulloch in 1796.\\nThere are no large towns or villages.\\nThe county site is Bryan Court-House.\\nFort Argyle, so called by Oglethorpe, after John, Duke of Argyle,\\nstood upon the west bank of the Ogeechee River built in 1733, as a\\ndefence against the Spaniards.\\nHardwick, so called from the Earl of Hardwick, Lord High Chan-\\ncellor of England, is situated on the south side of the Ogeechee River,\\nfifteen miles from the ocean.\\nExtract from Census of 1850 Dwellings, 212; families, 212; white\\nmales, 604 white females, 560; free coloured males, 10; free coloured\\nfemales, 5. Total free population, 1,179; slaves, 2,245. Deaths,\\n63. 209 farms. Value of real estate, $250,000 value of personal\\nestate, $1,235,400.\\nSamuel Stiles, with his brother, B. Stiles, came to this country\\nabout 1769, and settled a plantation in what is now called Bryan\\nCounty. When the Revolutionary War commenced, although his\\nfamily was in Bermuda, Mr. S. Stiles took part with the Americans.\\nHis services to the United States were very valuable. He was en-\\ngaged, a large portion of his time, in procuring warlike stores and\\nammunition for the United States, as well as for the State of Georgia.\\nMuch of the powder used by the Americans in the Revolution came\\nfrom Bermuda. It is said that the Bermudians, being in a starving\\ncondition, stole the Government powder from the magazines, and sold\\nit for provisions, and that Mr. Stiles was the person who arranged the\\ntrade, and carried off the powder. The British Government offered\\na large reward for the apprehension of the persons engaged in the\\ntheft. Mr. Stiles had the honour of being at the siege of Savannah,\\nat which he had a horse shot under him.\\nThe Count D Estaing made Mr. Stiles liberal propositions to assist\\nhim in taking some of the West India Islands, but unavoidable cir-\\ncumstances prevented his acceptance of the offer.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0318.jp2"}, "317": {"fulltext": "BRYAN COUNTY. 27\\nCOLONEL JOSEPH CLAY,\\nPAYMASTER-GENERAL To THE SOUTHERN DEPARTMENT.\\nThis gentleman was connected with the army during the greater\\npart of the Revolutionary War. His cotemporaries speak of him as a\\nman of high virtue and patriotism. Though brought up in affluence,\\nhe cheerfully endured all the privations to which the Southern army\\nwas exposed. In a paper describing some of the incidents of the\\nwar in Georgia, which has been placed in our hands, we find the\\nfollowing particulars in relation to Colonel Clay. He went as a vo-\\nlunteer under Jackson to the relief of Wilkes County. His patriot-\\nism was severely tried. At this time the sufferings of the army were\\ngreat tents were unknown for weeks together salt could not be\\nprocured at night officers and men lay exposed to the open air. Mr.\\nClay submitted to all these privations, eat and slept like the common\\nsoldier. He was highly esteemed by his fellow-citizens. He was\\nplaced upon the Committee appointed by the Sons of Liberty, in 1774,\\nto draw up resolutions relating to the grievances of which the Colo\\nnies then complained and also upon the Committee to receive sub-\\nscriptions for the suffering citizens of Boston and in 1775 was ap-\\npointed a member of the Council of Safety. He was also a member\\nof the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1780, besides filling manv\\nimportant offices.\\nRev. Joseph Clay. This gentleman, the son of Colonel Joseph\\nClay, was born in the city of Savannah, August 16, 1764. The Hon.\\nMr. Berrien says: I knew him well he was the friend of my father,\\nand my legal preceptor. At his own request, I lived in his family in the", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0319.jp2"}, "318": {"fulltext": "278 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\ncountry, while engaged in the prosecution of my law studies, and had\\ntherefore an opportunity of knowing and appreciating his many virtues.\\nHe was descended from one of the oldest and most respectable fami-\\nlies in our State, and was himself possessed of talents of the highest\\norder. He was liberally educated, and received the first honour in\\nthe class of which he was a member, at the College of Princeton,\\nwhere he graduated.\\nReturning to Georgia, he entered upon the study of law, and\\nhaving been admitted to the bar, soon rose to the highest eminence\\nin his profession. He was particularly distinguished as an advocate,\\nand especially in criminal cases.\\nMr. Clay was a leading member of the Convention which formed\\nthe present Constitution of Georgia. The original draft was care-\\nfully prepared by him in his retirement, but the Convention met in\\ntimes of high party excitement, arising from the then recent contro-\\nversy about the sale of our western lands, commonly denominated the\\nYazoo lands, and the plan of government submitted by Mr. Clay re-\\nceived various modifications which diminished its value.\\nMr. Clay was called from his retirement (m what precise year I\\ndo not recollect) to fill the office of District Judge of the United\\nStates for the district of Georgia, and presided in that court for seve-\\nral years, with distinguished ability and with universal approbation.\\nBut he was destined, in the providence of God, to a higher sphere of\\naction. Mr. Clay had always been a moral man. His disposition\\nwas peculiarly amiable, and he was distinguished by a warm and ac-\\ntive benevolence. These, combined with his social qualities, made\\nhim an object of universal affection and respect in the community in\\nwhich he lived. If any one of that community had been recpaested\\nto point to a man of blameless conduct, he would have been desig-\\nnated. He alone did not concur in this judgment. While he was\\nyet actively engaged in his judicial duties, the subject of religion\\npresented itself to his mind and engrossed his thoughts.\\nHe became a member of the Baptist Church in 1802, and imme-\\ndiately entered upon the ministry. He died in 1811.\\n3ii i s r b 1 1 n n r n n js\\nOn 20th August, 1852. died in this county, Bess, an aged negro woman, whose\\nhistory in some respects is remarkable. On the death of her then late mistress\\nthe widow of a Revolutionary officer in South Carolina her younger son was\\nleft under the care of a rapacious executor, who took little or no care of him,\\nand squandered the greater part of his property. While this lad was living on\\nthe plantation, not very far from Charleston, Bess, who had been freed by her\\nmistress for her faithful conduct, grieved at the treatment which her young mas-\\nter was receiving, went to the plantation, took the orphan, then a very little fel-\\nlow, carried him into Charleston, and there supported him by her own labour and", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0320.jp2"}, "319": {"fulltext": "BULLOCH COUNTY. 279\\nthat of her husband, who was a fisherman for Charleston market. She after-\\nwards came with him to Georgia, to see him educated, took care of him while at\\nschool, and on his marriage continued to live as a domestic in the family, making\\nherself useful in several departments of voluntary service. For some time pre-\\nvious to her death, she was very infirm, and at her decease must have been con-\\nsiderably over one hundred years old. She was often heard to speak of the risk\\nshe ran in entering Charleston at night.\\ni\\nRelics of the Aborigines. From the number of mounds or burial-places\\non the banks of the Ogeechee, that river would appear to have been a favourite\\none with the natives. About fifteen miles from its embouchure, a part of the land\\nprojects several miles out, called the Seven Mile Point, from the number of\\nmiles in its circumference across this point the extent is not more than the sixth\\nof a mile: and each side of it is swept by the bold and rapid river. The tumuli\\nabound more especially here and there are found in them, besides a great num-\\nber of human bones, the urns in which the ashes and bones of the dead are con-\\ntained. Some of these urns are carved with a degree of skill and beauty, and\\ncontain, also, the ornaments in use with the natives, among which I have found\\npearls, perforated to be strung, and on one occasion an ornament which, from its\\nsize and texture, must have been made from the tooth of an elephant or hippo-\\npotamus; a proof (as neither these animals nor their relics are found with us)\\nthat the earliest inhabitants of this continent had commercial relations; and a\\nconcurring proof, with the remains of regular fortifications, and other works of\\nart which are found everywhere in our country, that there was a people who had\\nattained a higher degree of excellence in the arts of civilized life, than those who\\n\\\\vere its inhabitants when Columbus discovered it.\\nThe bones found in the tumuli mentioned are in a petrified state, to which may\\nbe attributed their preservation; and it may also be remarked, that their processes\\nand spines for the insertion of muscles are bolder and more prominent than those\\nwe find at present; their muscular force must have been proportionately greater.\\nA very old burial-place of the earliest white settlers adjoins the Indian one, and\\nalso a more recent one of the negroes, a striking amalgamation in the death of\\nthose races, who in each are so widely separated by customs, and physical and\\nmoral peculiarities. Savannah Republican.\\nBULLOCH COUNTY.\\nThis division of the State was laid out in 1796, and named after\\nArchibald Bulloch, Governor of Georgia length 40 miles, breadth\\n30 miles; area, square miles, 1,200.\\nThe face of the country is level. The soil, except on the water-\\ncourses, is poor.\\nThe climate is healthy and pleasant. The general appearance of\\nihe inhabitants speaks favourably in this respect. There are few", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0321.jp2"}, "320": {"fulltext": "280 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\ndiseases and we know of no section of Georgia in which there are\\nmore chances for health than among the pine forests of Bulloch\\nCounty.\\nThe cases of longevity which have come to our knowledge are,\\nMrs. Driggers and Mrs. Cannon, both of whom were said to have\\nbeen 104 years at their death Mrs. Everitt, 106. Mr. Rimes died\\nat 92; William Kirby, 90 Joseph Hodges, 80. Three years ago\\nthere were living Mrs. Shepherd, 106 Mr. Donaldson, 82 Nathan\\nBrewton, 90 Mr. Kicklighter, 80 Mrs. Polly Williams, 90\\nMrs. Hagan, 80.\\nThe rivers are the Ogeechee and Cannouchee. Near the Ogeechee\\nis a lake ten miles long.\\nStatesborough is the county site distant from Milledgeville, 120\\nmiles.\\nAmong the early settlers of this county were, William and\\nBenjamin Cook, Barnard Michael, John and Jehu Everitt,\\nAndrew E. Wells, George Threadcraft, Charles McCall,\\nAlexander Stewart, M. Burkhalter, A. McKenzie, Daniel and\\nArthur Lot, Wm. Mezell, Lewis Lanier, Clement Lanier,\\nDaniel Hendrix, N. Sweat, Mr. Oliff, Mr. Shorter, John\\nGroover, Wm. RowE,the families of the Hodges, Cones, Hagans, c.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850 Dwellings, 477 families, 487;\\nwhite males, 1,435; white females, 1,405. Total free persons,\\n2,840; slaves, 1,460; deaths, 28; farms, 412; manufacturing estab-\\nlishments, 3 value of personal estate, $379,205 value of real estate,\\n$885,200.\\nThe Clerk of the Superior Court of Bulloch County has politely\\nfavoured us with the following extracts from the minutes of the first\\nCourt held in this county\\nAt a Superior Court, began and held at the house of Stephen Mills, in and\\nfor the County of Bulloch, on Tuesday, the 16th day of May, 1797. the Hon.\\nWilliam Stephens, Esq., one of the Judges of the Superior Court of the State of\\nGeorgia, presiding. The Court opened in due form, and proceeded to the or-\\nganization of the same hy calling the Grand and Petit Jurors, when the following\\nappeared as Grand Jurors\\nJohn M. Buckhalter, W illiam Cone, James Jackson, John Fletcher. Samuel\\nPeacock, James Webb, Jacob Hoofman, George McCall, A. Hagan, Isaac\\nCarter, John Rawles, M. Pridgeon, M. Carter, James Bird, M. Driggers, Francis\\nWells, R. Abritton, Jehu Everitt, N. Sweat. The Grand Jury presented William\\nCone as their Foreman, who, with the rest of the Jurors, were duly sworn, and\\na charge delivered to them by the Judge. The following gentlemen of the Bar", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0322.jp2"}, "321": {"fulltext": "BULLOCH COUNTY. 281\\nattended and took their seats at the table: D. B. Mitchell, Esq., Attorney-\\nGeneral of the State; Jeremiah Cuyler, and William B. Bulloch, Esqrs., Attor-\\nneys at Law.\\nDaniel McGirth. During the Revolutionary War, the section of the State\\nnow known as Bulloch County was a favourite resort of Colonel Daniel McGirth.\\nHe was a native of Kershaw District, South Carolina. From his early attach-\\nments and associates, he joined cordially in opposition to the claims of the British\\nGovernment. Being a practised hunter, and an excellent rider, he was well ac-\\nquainted with the woods in that extensive range of country. He was highly\\nvaluable to the Americans for the facility with which he acquired infoftnation\\nof the enemy, and for the accuracy and minuteness with which he communi-\\ncated what he had obtained. He had brought with him into the service a\\nfavourite mare, his own property, an elegant animal, on which he felt safe from\\npursuit when engaged in the duties of a scout. He called the mare the Gray\\nGoose. This animal was coveted by one of the American officers at St. Ilia, in\\nGeorgia, who adopted various means to obtain possession of her, all of which\\nwere opposed by McGirth, chiefly on the ground that she was essentially neces-\\nsary to the American interest in the duties performed by him, and without her\\nhe could no longer engage in them. The officer continuing urgent, McGirth\\nsaid or did something to get rid of him, which he might have only intended as a\\npersonal rebuff, but probably was much more. He was arrested, tried by a\\ncourt-martial, found guilty of violating the articles of war, and sentenced to be\\nwhipped. He suffered this punishment, and was again placed in prison, waiting\\nto receive another whipping, according to his sentence. Whilst thus situated, he\\nsaw his favourite mare, observed where she was picketed, and immediately\\nbegan to concert measures for his escape and the re-possession of his mare. He\\nsucceeded in both, and when seated on her back, he turned deliberately round,\\nnotwithstanding the alarm at his escape, and denounced vengeance against all\\nthe Americans for his ill treatment. He executed his threats most fully, most\\nfearfully, most vindictively. Indulging this savage, vindictive temper, was in-\\ndeed productive of great injury to the American cause, and of much public and\\nprivate suffering, but it was also the cause of his own ruin and misery. When\\nthe State was again recovered by the American army, he still kept in the woods,\\nretreated into Georgia, and thence into Florida. When Florida was reconveyed\\nto the Spaniards by the treaty of peace, he became subject to their laws, and on\\naccount of suspicious conduct was arresled and confined by them five years in\\none of their damp dungeons in the Castle of St. Augustine, where his health was\\ntotally destroyed. When discharged from St. Augustine, he, with much diffi-\\nculty, returned to his wife in Sumter District, S. C, where he ended his life.\\nJohnson s Traditions and Reminiscences of the American Revolution in South\\nCarolina.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0323.jp2"}, "322": {"fulltext": "282 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nBURKE COUNTY.\\nThis county was laid out as St. George s Parish in 1758, and the\\nname changed to Burke, in honour of Edmund Burke, the great\\nchampion of American liberty, in 1777. In 1793, a part was added\\nto Screven and in 1798, a part to Jefferson. Length, 32 j miles\\nbreadth, 32 miles. Area, square miles, 1,040.\\nThe Savannah separates this county from South Carolina, and the\\nOgeeehee from Emanuel. Briar Creek flows through its whole length,\\nand is celebrated for the rich lands upon its borders.\\nThe soil is generally very productive, peculiarly adapted to cotton,\\ncorn, c.\\nExtract from the Census o/1850: 1,017 dwellings, 1,017 families,\\n2,757 white males, 2,359 white females 80 free coloured males, 72\\nfree coloured females. Total free population, 5,268. Slaves, 10,832.\\nDeaths, 326. Farms, 712. Manufacturing establishments, 41.\\nWavnesborough is the seat of justice. It is 80 miles-east of Mil-\\nledgeville. Incorporated in 1812.\\nAlexander is a village of recent date, on the road from Waynes-\\nborough to Savannah.\\nBurke Jail is noted for a battle which took place in 1779, between\\nthe British, commanded by Colonels Brown and McGirth, and the Ame-\\nricans, under the command of Colonels Twiggs and Few, in which\\nthe latter were victorious. In this engagement, Captain Joshua In-\\nman, of the Americans, killed three of the enemy with his own hand.\\n3Bimlla\u00c2\u00abuit8\\nA nousE of worship now owned by the Methodists, called the Old Church, is\\nsix miles southeast of Waynesborough, on the old Quaker road leading to Savan-\\nnah. It was formerly an Episcopal Church, and had a glebe of forty-seven acres.\\nIn 1770 and 1772, Rev. Alexander Findlay was rector of this Church.\\nIn 1773, Mr. Findlay, rinding the church and parsonage not finished, left. St.\\nGeorge s, and went to North Carolina.\\nIn 1 774, Rev. Mr. Seymour and Rev. John Holmes had charge of St. George s\\nChurch.\\nIn 1776, 1777, 1778, Rev. Mr. Holmes, rector.\\nIn 1780, Rev. Mr. James Brown, rector.*\\nIt is said that, after the location of Waynesborough for the county site, the\\nJustices of the Inferior Court passed an order that the Old Church building should\\nbe torn down, removed to Waynesborough, and converted into a court-house;\\nand that this would have been done, but for a lawyer by the name of Allen,\\nwho said that the passage of Scripture would be fulfilled, which says My\\nhouse shall be called an House of Prayer, but you have made it a den of thieves.\\nFrom the Minutes of the Society for the Propagation of Religion in Foreign Parts.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0324.jp2"}, "323": {"fulltext": "BURKE COUNTY.\\n283\\nREVOLUTIONARY PAPER CONNECTED WITH THE HISTORY OF BURKE COUNTY.\\nWednesday, Sept. 28, 1774.\\nWe, the subscribers, inhabitants of the Parish of St. George, in the Province\\nof Georgia, do hereby publicly declare that we entirely disagree to the paper\\ncontaining certain resolutions which were drawn up in the city of Savannah, by\\nsome persons met there on the 10th of August, 1774; because, although many of\\nus gave our votes that Mr. Jones and Mr. Lord should go to the said meeting,\\nyet it was because we were told that unless we did send some persons there, we\\nwould have the Stamp Act put in force. By these and such like arguments, we\\nwere prevailed upon to do what we did; but as we find we were deceived, and\\nthat the said meeting was intended to draw up a paper that we think reflects\\nvery improperly upon our King and the Parliament, and may be of bad conse-\\nquence to this Province, and can serve no good purpose, we therefore declare\\nthat we do not approve of the said paper: and we give our dissent in this public\\nmanner.\\nSigned, George Wells,\\nPeter Shand,\\nJames Dayle,\\nShadrach Barrow,\\nDaniel Thomas,\\nGideon Thomas,\\nJohn Thomas,\\nRobert Henderson,\\nFrancis Lewis Feyer,\\nJohn Red,\\nJames Warren,\\nJames Williams,\\nSamuel Red,\\nAlexander Berryhill,\\nEdmund Hill,\\nCharles Williams,\\nThomas Pennington,\\nJohn Rogers,\\nJohn Anderson,\\nJohn Catlett,\\nDavid Greene,\\nJohn Pettycrew,\\nWilliam Callett,\\nJohn Ratten,\\nJohn Frier,\\nJames Davis,\\nWilliam Milner,\\nElijah Dix,\\nSamuel Berryhill,\\nThomas Red,\\nJohn Bledsoe,\\nJames Rae,\\nJoseph Gresham,\\nWilliam Dayle,\\nJoseph Tilley,\\nJob Thomas,\\nDrury Roberts,\\nJoel Walker,\\nJames Red.\\nWilliam M. Norell,\\nJohn Kennedy,\\nFrancis Stringer,\\nPaul McCormick,\\nHumphrey Williams,\\nJohn Greenway,\\nRobert Blaishard,\\nHugh Irwin,\\nThomas Carter,\\nJames Brantley,\\nWilliam Whet hers,\\nWilliam Moore,\\nWilliam Godbe,\\nRichard Curton,\\nWilliam Curton,\\nPhilip Helveston,\\nElias Daniel,\\nEphraim Odom,\\nBenjamin Brantley,\\nThomas Grey,\\nJeremiah Brantley,\\nJohn Greene,\\nJohn Burnsides,", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0325.jp2"}, "324": {"fulltext": "284\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nStarling Jordan,\\nPatrick Dickey,\\nZechariah Wimberly,\\nStephen Lamb,\\nBenjamin Warren,\\nSolomon Davis,\\nJohn Gray,\\nFrancis Hancock,\\nPleasant Goodall,\\nWade Kitts,\\nDaniel Logan,\\nMyrick Davis,\\nJohn Roberts,\\nRobert Douglass, Sen.,\\nJesse Scruggs,\\nHenry Mills,\\nJoseph Moore,\\nAmos Whitehead,\\nJohn Robinson,\\ne/ekiel brumfield,\\nJacob Sharpe,\\nClement Yarborough,\\nJames Hunt,\\nBarnaby Lamb,\\nSeth Slockumb,\\nLewis Hobbs,\\nJohn Forth,\\nNathan Williams,\\nEdward Watters,\\nJohn Stephens,\\nFrederick Francis,\\nMoses Davis,\\nA rthur Walker,\\nAmos Davis,\\nJacob Lamb,\\nAllen Brown,\\nJoseph Allday,\\nJames Douglis,\\nLandman Ashbury,\\nCharles Golightly,\\nJohn Howell,\\nBud Cade,\\nJames Moore,\\nJohn Whitehead,\\nJohn Sharpe,\\nThomas Odom,\\nWilliam Hobbs.\\nJohn Thomas, Sen.,\\nWilliam Young,\\nJohn Tillman,\\nCaleb Whitehead.\\nRobert Cade.\\nAmong some papers loaned us by the late Major Twiggs, we found\\nthe following, the insertion of which we believe will be interesting to\\nour friends in Burke\\nA Return of the First Battalion of Burke County Militia, agreeable to order, with\\nits present situation and rank, with the number of effective men in each Company,\\nand the number of arms, shot-bags, and powder-horns, for the year 1792.\\nNo. of\\nMen.\\nCaptains. 1st Lieut. 2d Lieut,\\nSamuel White Hopkin Dye John McGomery 44\\nWillis Watson Lark Robinson. .Martin Martin 68\\nDill Sapp Wills Davies .Henry Bryant 48\\nDaniel Evans Wm. Martin .Basil Gray 38\\nChas. Kilbee Lemuel Lasiter. John Tredwell 48\\nJohn Buford Nich. Stregles. ..John McCarroll 92\\nWm. Edwards John Roberts John Wright 55\\nWm. Coursey Wm. Parrimore John Salter 34 20 20\\nLaban Thompson Elihu Thompson Wm. Dunn 37 15 15\\nBenj. Matthews. .John Fryar Mich l McCormick..82 41 41\\nNoah Williams James Rawles .Aaron Justice 43 21 21\\nTho. Lewis.\\nNo. of\\nArms.\\n..23.,\\n..50.,\\n..30.\\n..20.,\\n..27*.,\\n..68.\\n..15.\\nShot-Bags,\\nfec.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0326.jp2"}, "325": {"fulltext": "BUTTS COUNTY. 285\\nBUTTS COUNTY.\\nThis county was laid out from Monroe and Henry in 1825.\\nLength, 17 m. 13 m. in breadth area square miles, 221. Named\\nafter Captain Samuel Butts, who lost his life in the battle of Cha-\\nlibbee, on the 27th of January, 1814.\\nThe Ocmulgee flows along the eastern borders of this county.\\nThe small streams are Tussahaw, Yellow Water, Sandy Creek,\\nc.\\nThe face of the country is level. The gray lands prevail, and are\\nadmirably suited for cotton.\\nJackson is the county site, 55 m. N. W. of Milledgeville.\\nDublin is eight miles from Jackson.\\nLofton s Store, 7 m. from Jackson.\\nThe Indian Springs are situated upon the waters of Sandy Creek.\\nThey have a high reputation, and are much resorted to.\\nExtract from the Census, 1850: Dwellings, 642; families, 642\\nwhite males, 1,888; white females, 1,792; free coloured males, 2\\nfree coloured females, 1 total free population, 3,683 slaves, 2,805\\ndeaths, 55 farms, 391 manufacturing establishments, 14 value of\\nreal estate, $717,112; value of personal estate, $1,588,752.\\nThe climate is salubrious. Among the instances of longevity are,\\nMrs. McMichael, who died at 100 Mr. Butril, over 80 E. Price,\\na Revolutionary soldier, 79; Robert Grier, 80; Wm. Foster, 105.\\nEarly settlers, A. McClendon, Jesse Dolly, Samuel Clarke,\\nThos. Robinson, Col. Z.Phillips, John Terrell, Howell Andrews,\\nThos. Buford, A. Woodward, Wm. Barclay, James Harkness, Ab-\\nner Bankston, John McMichael, McCord, and others, mostly\\nfrom South Carolina, and the upper counties of Georgia.\\nPlanters Factory is situated at the seven islands on the Ocmulgee\\nRiver. Capital, $50,000. Water power said to be unsurpassed by\\nany in Georgia.\\nIn 1826, Ludwell Watts was convicted of murder in this county, and was\\nsentenced to death, but was twice respited by the Governor, to afford the Le-\\ngislature an opportunity of considering his case. A bill for his pardon was\\npassed in the House, but rejected by the Senate. The last respite extended to\\nFriday, 14th December, 1826, on which day the Sheriff went to the jail to carry", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0327.jp2"}, "326": {"fulltext": "286 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nthe prisoner to execution, but he having procured arras, defied the officer, threat-\\nened to kill him if he entered the jail, and it was not until three or four days\\nafterwards that Watts gave up and was hung.\\nOn Major Ward s plantation there are three mounds, with embankments, run-\\nning to the River Ocmulgee. These mounds were excavated a few years ago\\nand a variety of Indian implements found.\\nCAMDEN COUNTY.\\nThis county was formerly embraced in the Parishes of St. Tho-\\nmas and St. Mary s but in 1777 these were formed into the County\\nof Camden, and named after the Earl of Camden, the fearless cham-\\npion of Colonial rights. Part taken from Wayne, 1805 part added\\nto Wayne, 1808.\\nThe streams of most importance are, the St. Mary s, (Thlathlo-\\nthlaguphka,) Indian name, signifying rotten fish, St. Ilia, and Little\\nSt. Ilia.\\nJeffersonton, the seat of justice, is situated on the south side of\\nSt. Ilia River. It is 25 miles from St. Mary s, 28 from Brunswick,\\nand 50 from Darien.\\nfrom Darien.\\nSt. Mary s is beautifully situated on the north side of the St. Mary s\\nRiver, nine miles from, and in sight of the ocean. It has a fine har\\nhour, being accessible to the largest vessels.\\nCentreville is a place of considerable business.\\nColeraine is 45 miles above St. Mary s.\\nBurnt Fort is on the St. Ilia.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850 Dwellings, 400 families, 400\\nwhite males, 1,028; white females, 1,041 free coloured males, 3;\\nfree coloured females, 1 Total free population, 2,073 slaves, 4,246\\ndeaths, 61 farms, 235 manufacturing establishments, 5 value of\\nreal estate, $694,712 value of personal estate, $1,843,466.\\nAmong the early settlers of this county were, Henry Osborne,\\nTalmage Hall, James Armstrong, Jacob Weed, Henry Wright,\\nJohn Flemming, James Woodland, Thomas Stafford, Langley\\nBryant, Wm. Reddy, Hugh Brown, John King.\\nCumberland is the most important of the islands. The Indian\\nname of Cumberland Island was Missoe. The name was changed,\\nwhen Oglethorpe visited it, at the request of an Indian chief who had\\nreceived some kindness from the Duke of Cumberland, to that of\\nCumberland.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0328.jp2"}, "327": {"fulltext": "CAMDEN COUNTS. 287\\nGeneral Lee, a Revolutionary officer, and author of the Memoirs\\nof the War in the Southern Department of the United States, died\\non this island. In the Savmnah Republican of 18 a writer says\\nI yesterday witnessed the interment of another of those patriots that our\\ncountry, in Congress assembled/ so frequently speak of, but, so little assist. I\\nhave seen the body of General Lee receive all the honours that could be given\\nby feeling hearts, from those, who will be forgotten by their country, when no\\nlonger serviceable, until it, is too late to benefit them, either by pecuniary re-\\nwards or a just acknowledgment of their merits. He was buried from Dunge-\\nness house, the property of one of our Revolutionary heroes, General Greene.\\nWhether to meet, in fancy, his old companion in arms, in the house that he had\\ninhabited, or to call back scenes of better times, led him here, I did not inquire\\nbut heard that he came an invalid that Mr. Shaw and family strove all in their\\npower to keep the lamp of life burning, and although the oil was expended, they\\nstill blew the gentle breath of affection and attention, to preserve the wick alive.\\nCommodore Henley superintended the last sad duties. Captains Elton, Finch, Madi-\\nson, Lieutenants Fitzhugh and Richie, of the navy, and Mr. Lyman, of the army,\\nwere pall-bearers. As the procession moved, the swords of the two first crossed\\nthe old man s breast they were in their scabbards: for his heart beat no more,\\nand I thought they said, rest in peace. The other officers of the navy, and\\nCaptain Payne of the army, followed. The marines of the U. S. ship John\\nAdams and brig Saranac formed the guard, and a band from our army assisted.\\nA Mr. Taylor performed the last ceremonial duties. The sight of a long train of\\n6ailors, cleanly dressed, their respectful deportment, and rough but independent\\nlooks, interested my feelings and leaning against a fine live oak, I was imme-\\ndiately absorbed in contemplation. I pointed to the procession they were march-\\ning over the field where once a fine orange orchard flourished. An invader of our\\ncountry had destroyed it. Admiral Cockburn had been there, the last of his name, 5\\nand a far greater scourge to mankind than the locusts of Africa. Involuntarily I\\nturned to embrace the venerable but sturdy monarch that supported me; for it\\npromised such things never should be again. A volley of musketry over the\\ngrave of General Lee aroused me, and with folded arms I retraced my steps,\\nwhile the howling of the minute-guns from the John Adams echoed through the\\nwoods.\\nOn the north end of the island, or rather on Little Cumberland, is\\na light-house sixty feet high, with a revolving light, which can be seen\\nat sea twenty miles. Dungeness, formerly General Greene s pro-\\nperty, is on this island.\\nOn the 11th of January, 1815, the British effected a landing on\\nCumberland Island, in two divisions, with nineteen barges, assisted\\nby two look-out boats, and flanked by two gun barges. At first they\\nshowed a disposition towards the bay but ascertaining that the\\nAmericans were prepared to receive them, they changed their course,\\nand took the Plum Orchard passage, keeping Cumberland close", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0329.jp2"}, "328": {"fulltext": "288 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nahead. The first division effected its landing at Dungeness the se\\ncond at the Plum Orchard. On the morning of the 13th January,\\n1815, the enemy, with fifteen hundred men, moved against Point\\nPetre. Captain A. A. Messias received information of the approach,\\nand, aware of his intentions to place himself in his rear while he was\\nadvancing in considerable force in front, to attack the battery on the\\nSt. Mary s, with a view to cut off Messias retreat, he ordered Cap-\\ntain Stallings to remain at the Point, with about thirty-six effectives,\\nwith orders to defend it as long as possible, and if he should be over-\\npowered to spike the guns, fire the train at the magazine, and retreat\\nto him with the remainder, about sixty riflemen and infantry. Mes-\\nsias detachment moved against the enemy in the rear, determined to\\noppose his passage at a narrow defile near Major King s, at which they\\ncame about nine o clock. This defile was flanked by a marsh on each\\nside, and had a complete cover for riflemen on the right and left,\\nacross which the day before Messias had caused some large trees to\\nbe fallen. It was the intention of Messias to gain the cross-roads\\nnear Major King s but finding himself stopped, Lieutenant Holt, of the\\n43d infantry, was ordered, with a detachment of riflemen, to advance\\non the enemy s left, and Lieutenant Harllee, with another detach-\\nment, to pass the thicket, and endeavour to gain his rear, which order\\nwas promptly obeyed. Captain Tattnall, of the 43d infantry, was or-\\ndered at the same time to advance in close column and pass the de-\\nfile. At this moment the enemy s bugle sounded, and a brisk fire\\ncommenced on both sides. The Americans had already passed some\\ndistance, and the enemy had given away twice, when Captain Tatt-\\nnall received a severe wound which obliged him to fall back, and the\\nnumber of the enemy appearing too imposing, a thousand to sixty, a\\nretreat was ordered, which was effected in good order, without the\\nloss of a man. In this battle, Captain Tattnall, Sergeant Benson,\\nand Private Greene, are mentioned as having acted bravely. All did\\ntheir duty.\\nOne among the most remarkable feats ever recorded in the\\nannals of w r ar took place on the St. Mary s River in the year\\n1815. Twenty-three barges, filled with British soldiers, ascended\\nSt. Mary s River for the purpose of burning Major Clarke s mills, as\\na retaliation for breaking his parole. The St. Mary s is a very\\ncrooked river, from sixty to one hundred yards wide. The enemy\\nintended to land at a place called Camp Pinckney, and march to\\nClarke s mills, which were situated on Spanish Creek, three miles dis-\\ntant from St. Mary s River. Whilst the barges were ascending, they\\nwere attacked by a party of twenty-eight men under the command\\nof Captain William Cone. As soon as they were attacked they fired\\ntheir cannon but the palmetto on both sides of the river served as\\na screen for Cone s men, so that the shot from the enemy proved\\nharmless. In this manner the barges were harassed for several\\nmiles, Cone s men taking advantage of every turn of the river to\\nfire upon them, and every shot brought down a man. Finding them-\\nNow Judge W. W. Holt", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0330.jp2"}, "329": {"fulltext": "CAMDEN COUNTY. 289\\nselves exposed to so deadly a fire, the barges retraced their course\\ntowards St. Mary s. Upon their arrival at the latter place, they re-\\nported one hundred and eighty men killed, and as many wounded.\\nThe following is taken from a newspaper of the day\\nFebruary 26, 1817. On the 24th of this month, the house of Mr.\\nGarrett, residing in the upper part of this county, was attacked during\\nhis absence, near the middle of the day, by a party of Indians con-\\nsisting of about fifteen, who shot Mrs. Garrett in two places, and\\nthen dispatched her by stabbing and scalping. Her two children,\\none about three years old, the other two months old, were also\\nmurdered. They then plundered the house of every article, and\\nset it on fire. A young man in the neighbourhood hearing the re-\\nports of the guns, went immediately towards the house, where he\\ndiscovered the murdered family.\\nTo Major Joel Crawford, of Early County, we are indebted for the\\nfollowing interesting sketch of General John Floyd, who lived and\\ndied in Camden County\\nThe father of this distinguished man was Mr. Charles Floyd, a\\nnative of Virginia, who came to Beaufort District, in South Car-\\nolina. Here his son John was born, on the 3d of October, 1769.\\nThe devotion of Charles Floyd to the cause of American liberty\\nwas remarkable. During the Revolution, he was in the habit\\nof wearing a silver crescent, about two inches long, with the\\nmotto Liberty or Death engraved on it. Few patriots of 76\\nwere doomed to greater sufferings. Besides a long imprisonment,\\nhis estate was ruined by the devastations and plunder of the British\\nsoldiery, and their infamous allies, the Tories. After the close of the\\nwar, the broken fortunes of the family demonstrated to the son the\\nnecessity of providing for his own wants; and at the age of sixteen,\\nhe, with the approbation of his father, apprenticed himself to a house-\\ncarpenter for the term of five years. Having served four, his master,\\nas a compliment to his fidelity, offered to release the services of the\\nfifth year but the apprentice gave proof of that conscientious esti-\\nmate of moral obligation and high-toned self-denial, which shone so\\nconspicuously through the subsequent scenes of his life. When a\\nboy, he had promised the service of five years, and nothing short of\\na plenary fulfilment could satisfy the requirements of his own buoy-\\nant and honest heart. About the year 1791 or 1792, both father and\\nson removed to Georgia, and established themselves near the mouth\\nof St. Ilia River, in the County of Camden. The great demand at\\nthat time for water craft adapted to the navigation of the numerous\\nsounds, creeks, and rivers of the country, determined him to com-\\nmence the business of boat-wright. Having procured at Charleston\\ndrawings and models of the most approved keels in that harbour,\\nhe hired the requisite number of timber cutters, and without delay\\nentered upon his new business. By nature he was endowed with\\ngreat aptitude for mechanics, and, by the habits of his life, for\\n19", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0331.jp2"}, "330": {"fulltext": "290 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\ngreat activity in business. With these qualifications, he soon raised\\nhimself from a state of comparative poverty, to one of opulence\\nand long after he had acquired an independent estate, he still retained\\nhis chest of fine tools, and occasionally applied his own hands to the\\nlabours of a boat-wright, as well as to house-building.\\nHe was frequently a representative from the County of Camden\\nin the General Assembly of the State and in 1826 was elected one\\nof the representatives of Georgia in the Congress of the United\\nStates. Anterior, however, to his election to Congress, he received\\nthe commission of Brigadier-General in the militia service of\\nGeorgia, and on the occurrence of a vacancy, he was advanced to\\nthe grade of Major-General of the First Division.\\nThough not averse to politics, his predilections were decidedly\\nmilitary, and considering the defects of his early education, his at-\\ntainments in the history and art of war were quite remarkable.\\nThe act of Congress passed in June, 1812, declaring war between\\nthe United States and Great Britain, opened a theatre for the display\\nof Floyd s military talents, although, as the British did not attempt\\nan invasion of the State, his action was confined to a limited sphere.\\nIn September, 1813, the Federal Government called for a levy of\\nGeorgia troops, and 3,600 men were ordered to rendezvous at Camp\\nHope, near Fort-Hawkins, on the Ocmulgee River. This force con-\\nsisted of one company of artillery, one squadron of dragoons, one bat-\\ntalion of riflemen, and two regiments of infantry, a majority of whom\\nwere volunteers, and considered at the time the flower of the State\\nMilitia.\\nGeneral Stewart, of Oglethorpe County, being the oldest Brigadier,\\nwas ordered to the command of these troops, but from age, infirmity, or\\nsome other cause, he resigned his commission, leaving Floyd the senior\\nofficer of that grade in the State. Though unapprised of General\\nStewart s resignation, and of course unprepared for the Executive\\norder which conferred upon him the command, he accepted it, and\\npromptly repaired to the place of encampment of the army, and with-\\nout subsistence and the means of transporting military stores. Ener\\ngy and dispatch in all things were characteristic of General Floyd,\\nand on assuming the command, he proceeded to make immediate ar-\\nrangements for taking the field. Unfortunately, it was not in his\\npower to control the Commissariat of the army it could not march.\\nEither the perfidy of the contractors, or what they alleged in case\\nof themselves, the default of the Federal Government, in supplying\\npromised funds, prevented the army from moving into the country of\\nthe Creek Indians, then the allies of England, before the middle or\\nlatter part of November. Even then the march of the army would\\nhave been impracticable, had not the General succeeded in an\\napplication to the Legislature, then in session, for a loan out of the\\nState Treasury. Tins loan was placed in the hands of Captain\\nSamuel Butts, a special commissioner, who, under the orders of the\\nGeneral, procured a temporary supply of provisions and transportation.\\nThough the troops could anticipate but little glory in contend-", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0332.jp2"}, "331": {"fulltext": "CAMDEN COUNTY. 291\\ning- with an undisciplined foe, they marched with alacrity, and bore\\nwith patience the heavy labours of constructing a line of forts and\\nblock-houses, extending fooni the Ocmulgee to the waters of the\\nAlabama River.\\nThey missed no opportunity of encountering the enemy, but by\\nreason of the great distances which were to be traversed before the\\nhostile towns could be reached, and the unfortunate, if not culpable,\\ndelinquency of the Federal Government, in failing to supply provisions\\nand transportation, it was not in the power of General Floyd to meet\\nthe Indians in any considerable force, but at two places. Having\\ncompleted a work on the right bank of the Chattahoochee, called\\nFort Mitchell, he put himself at the head of a detachment of nine\\nhundred troops, and hastened to the attack of Autossee, one of the\\nmost populous towns of the Creek Nation.\\nIt was situated on the left bank of the Tallapoosa River, and in\\nthe immediate vicinity of a considerable towm called Tallasee. On\\nthis expedition, every man, for the want of other conveyance, carried\\nhis rations in his own knapsack and after a rapid march over a distance\\nof sixty miles, at daybreak a successful and simultaneous attack was\\nmade on both towns. The action lasted more than an hour, when the\\nIndians fled from the field, and the towns were burnt to ashes. This\\nvictory over a superior force, however, was not achieved without serious\\nloss to the detachment as well as to the enemy. The General received\\na dangerous wound, from the effects of which it is believed he never\\nentirely recovered.\\nSoon after the battle of Autossee, as General Floyd found himself\\nable to ride on horseback, he determined to make another inroad and\\nhaving received information that certain bands of savages, known as\\nthe Upper Creeks, had collected in great force, and fortified Hothle-\\nwaulee, a town on the same river, he determined to attack it, and\\nfor that purpose detached from the army a force of 1,500, rank and\\nfile. The march of these troops was badly obstructed by continued\\nfalls of rain, and the want of bridges and roads.\\nWhen the detachment had advanced to a point within fifteen or\\ntwenty miles of the town, it w r as attacked about an hour and a half\\nbefore daybreak, and by such a superiority of numbers, as to render\\nthe issue at first doubtful.\\nEverything, except the firmness and discipline of the detachment,\\nwas in favour of the enemy. The darkness of the hour, the covert\\nafforded the Indians by a thick forest of pines, with which the camp\\nwas surrounded, the total want of breastworks or other defences, the\\nsurprise which the first yell of the savages occasioned, and the esti-\\nmated numerical superiority of the enemy s force, were well calculated\\nto put the courage of the militia to a severe test but they had been in\\nservice six months, had become hardened to the privations and hard-\\nships of camp life, had met the enemy before, and now they encoun-\\ntered him w T ith the coolest intrepidity.\\nNot a platoon faltered, but every one brought into action kept up a\\nbrisk fire, until the dawn of dav enabled General Floyd o order a", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0333.jp2"}, "332": {"fulltext": "292 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\ncharge. In less than fifteen minutes, every hostile Indian but the\\ndead and dying had fled from the battle-field.\\nIn this action, known in the official report as the battle of Chalibbee,\\nthe detachment sustained severe losses in both killed and wounded\\nAmong the former was that gallant soldier and true patriot, Captam\\nSamuel Butts. The loss of the enemy was, doubtless, greater but\\nas it is the known custom of the Indians to carry off their wounded in\\ntime of battle, and as many of the killed as practicable, their actual\\nk)ss was never ascertained.\\nWithin a few days after the battle of Chalibbee, the term for which\\nthis army had been called into service expired, and the several corps,\\nafter due inspection, received an honourable discharge. But the war\\ncontinuing, new levies were made, and another brigade was placed\\nunder command of General Floyd, for the purpose of repelling an ap-\\nprehended assault on Savannah. This, however, turned out to be a\\nbloodless campaign. The British troops never appeared in that vicinity\\nuntil the President s proclamation announced the treaty of peace.\\nAfter the close of the war in the spring of 1815, General Floyd\\nserved several sessions as a member, either of the State Legislature\\nor of Congress everywhere and at all times esteemed and honoured\\nas one of the most meritorious citizens of Georgia. Though his public\\nand private life exemplified, to a great extent, the circle of social and\\nmoral virtues, it has been said by those who knew him best, that the\\nsturdiest and most effective element of his character was patriotism.\\nWith him it was a deeply-seated passion a fixed sentiment, that\\nseemed to modify all his estimate of human merit. He died on the\\n24th of June, 1834.\\nB I\\nCAMPBELL COUNTY.\\nLaid out from Coweta, Carroll, De Kalb, Fayette, in 1828 a\\npart taken from Cherokee, 1832. Length, 16 m. breadth, 12m.;\\narea square miles, 192.\\nThe Chattahoochee is the principal river.\\nThe climate is healthy.\\nAmong the instances of longevity are the following Mr. W.Wood\\ndied at 80 Mr. H. Rowan, 80 Mr. Winn, 80 Mr. McClarty,\\nover 80 Joseph Howell, 99 Mr. Clinton, over 98, served under\\nMarion Mrs. Clinton, over 90 William Humphries, 83 James 1\\nEndsley, 80 Sarah Millar, 80 Moses Hartsfield, 80 John\\nDemone, 83 Simeon Wyatt, 90 Mrs. Turner, 80. These were\\nliving twelve months since.\\nCampbellton is the county site, situated on a commanding eminence\\nupon the Chattahoochee River, distant from Milledgeville 151 miles.\\nSand Town is on the Chattahoochee.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0334.jp2"}, "333": {"fulltext": "CAMPBELL COUNTY. 293\\nExtract from the Census of 1850 Dwellings, 920; families, 920;\\nwhite males, 2,893 white females, 2,825 free coloured males, 3\\nfree coloured females, 4. Total free population, 5,725 slaves, 1,507.\\nDeaths, 62 farms, 694 manufacturing establishments, 1 8 value\\nof real estate, $1,700,609 value of personal estate, 81,045,104.\\nAmong the earliest settlers of this section were, George McClarty,\\nWilson McClarty, James Stewart, Colonel Latham, Robert O.\\nBeavers, Reuben C. Beavers, W. A. J. Beavers, the Longinos,\\nMr. Davenport, Mr. Roberts, Berry Watts, C. Cochran, Wade\\nWhite, Martin Kolb, Henry Paulett, P. Skeene, E. Pennington,\\nthe Bullards, the Bryans, William Hightower, J, A. Hopkins,\\nAndrew Smith, Wm. Jennings, D. and W. Silvey, M. Thornton.\\nSweet Water Factory. Situated in Campbell County, about\\n18 miles from Marietta, on Sweet Water Creek. Capital, 850,000.\\nWater power one of the best in the Southern country. Building of\\nbrick, five stories high, 48 by 120 ft. number of hands employed,\\n60. Manufactures yarns only, at the rate of 750 lbs. per day. The\\nscenery is very picturesque. About two hundred persons reside within\\none mile of the factory.\\n3BimlUttinn\u00c2\u00ab.\\nFirst Grand Jury of the County.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 On Monday, the 20th day of April, 1829,\\nthe Court met, pursuant to a law of the Legislature of Georgia. Present his\\nHonor Walter T. Colquitt.\\nThe following persons appeared, and were sworn to serve as Grand Jurors for\\nand during the present term of this Court\\n1. Tarlton Sheats, Foreman. 13. James West.\\n2. Jeremiah Sampler. 14. Elijah Dorsett.\\n3. J. D. Crumpton. 15. John Wise.\\n4. Stephen Baggett. 16. James Gresham.\\n5. Henry C. Bird. 17. Jacob Hogue.\\n6. John Turner. 18. John Dorsett.\\n7. Reuben Dawson. 19. Isaac Gray.\\n8. Caleb Fields. 20. Daniel Hull.\\n9. George Harris, Jr. 21. Shadrach Grun.\\n10. Middleton W. Antony. 22. Daniel D. Smith.\\n11. Thomas Hill. 23. Moses W. Benson.\\n12. Jacob Crow.\\nN.B. The Court was held at Campbellton.\\nAnawaqua s Tomb. Opposite the village of Campbellton, on the western\\nbank of the Chattahoochee, in a tuft of trees, on one of those mounds so common\\nin Georgia, rest the remains of Anawaqua, an Indian Princess, the former pro-\\nprietor of the soil. It is situated in a meadow, in a bend of the Chattahoochee,\\nand near the foot of a considerable hill. Ancient fortifications are traced all\\naround the plain, extending from the river to the hill.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0335.jp2"}, "334": {"fulltext": "294 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nCARROLL COUNTY.\\nLaid out in 1826; a part set off to Campbell in 1828; and portions\\nsuccessively set off to Heard in 1830, 1831, and 1834. Organized\\nin 1826; and named after Charles Carroll, a signer of the Declaration\\nof American Independence. Length, 26 m. breadth, 22 m. Area\\nsquare miles, 572.\\nSeveral ridges run through the county. These ridges give origin\\nto many springs. The soil is various. Some of the land is gray,\\nand a large portion is productive red land.\\nThe principal streams are the Chattahoochee and Little Tallapoosa.\\nCarrollton is the county seat, situated upon the waters of Little\\nTallapoosa, 151 m. from Miliedgeville. Incorporated in 1829.\\nVilla Rica is a pleasant village, situated in the centre of the gold\\nregion, on the ridge dividing the waters of the Tallapoosa and Sweet\\nWater Creeks. It was settled in 1830, by persons interested in the\\nmining operations. Distance from Carrollton, 16 miles northeast.\\nNo country enjoys a finer climate. The instances of longevity are,\\nMrs. Warren, over 84 William Goggans, who died in this county\\nat the age of 94. He was a soldier of the Revolution, and performed\\nhis duty gallantly. At the battle of King s Mountain, he received a\\nsevere wound. Some time after, he received two other very severe\\nwounds, in engagements with the Tories. In all the relations of life\\nhe faithfully discharged his duty. He was an exemplary member of\\nthe Baptist Church.\\nThe early settlers were, Hinche P. Mabry, W. C. Springer,\\nJoseph Chambers, John Robinson, Giles S. Boggess, John Gris-\\nwold, Wm. H. Mallery, and others.\\nExtracts from the Census of 1 850.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Dwellings, 1,379 families, 1,379;\\nwhite males, 4,174; white females, 4,078 free coloured males, 2;\\nfree coloured females, 2. Total free population, 8,256. Slaves,\\n1,101. Deaths, 70. Farms, 782. Manufacturing establishments, 16.\\nValue of real estate, $1,092,680. Value of personal estate, $831,005.\\nGold has been found in large quantities in this county The Car-\\nroll mines were once much celebrated", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0336.jp2"}, "335": {"fulltext": "CARROLL COUNTY. 295\\ni s r i 1 1 a n t n u s\\nIt was in this county that General William Mcintosh was killed\\nby the Indians. The circumstances of his death have already been\\ndetailed.\\nThe following will be read with interest\\nCopy of a Letter from Peggy and Susannah McIntosh to Messrs. Camp-\\nbell and Meriwether, United States Commissioners.\\nLine Creek, Fayette County, May 3.\\nGentlemen When you see this letter stained with the blood of my husband,\\nthe last drop of which is now spilt for the friendship he has shown for your\\npeople, I know you will remember your pledge to us in behalf of your nation,\\nthat in the worst of events you would assist and protect us and when I tell you\\nthat at daylight on Saturday morning last, hundreds of the Hostiles surrounded\\nour house, and instantly murdered General Mcintosh and Tome Tustennuggee\\nby shooting near one hundred balls into them, (Chilly and Moody Kenneard\\nmaking their escape through a window they then commenced burning and\\nplundering in the most unprincipled way, so that here I am driven from the\\nashes of my smoking dwelling, left with nothing but my poor little naked\\nhungry children, who need some immediate aid from our white friends and we\\nlean upon you while you lean upon your Government. About the same time\\nof the morning that they committed the horrid act on the General, another\\nparty caught Colonel Samuel Hawkins, and kept him tied until about three\\no clock, when the Chiefs returned from our house and gave orders for his execu-\\ntion in the same way, and refused to leave his implements to cover his body up\\nwith, so that it was left exposed to the fowls of the air and the beasts of the\\nforest and Jinney and her child are here in the same condition as we are\\nthis party consisted principally of Oakfuskies, Talledegas, and Muckfaws\\nthough there were others with them. The Chiefs that appeared to head the\\nparty were Inlockunge, of Muckfaw, Tholocco-cosco-mico, of Arpachoochee,\\nMunnauho, but I know not where he was from, who said they were ordered to\\ndo it by the Little Prince and Hopoiethyoholo and that they were supported\\nand encouraged in it by the Agent and the Chiefs that were left after the\\nBig Warrior s death, in a Council at Broken Arrow, where they decreed that\\nthey would murder all the Chiefs who had any hand in selling the land, and\\nburn and destroy, and take away all they had, and then send on to the Presi-\\ndent that he should not have the land. I have not heard of the murder of any\\nothers, but expect all are dead that could be catched. But by reason of a\\ngreat freshet in the Chattahoochee, they could not get Colonel Miller nor Hogey\\nMcintosh, nor the Darisaws, and they and Chilly are gone to the Governor.\\nOur conntry is in a most ruined state, so far as I have heard, (though by reason\\nof the high waters word has not circulated fast;) all have fled from their\\nhomes in our parts and taken refuge among their white friends, and I learn\\nthere are now at General Ware s (near this place) from one hundred and fifty", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0337.jp2"}, "336": {"fulltext": "296 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nto two hundred of them, who are afraid to go to their homes to get a grain of\\nwhat little corn they have to eat, much more to try to make any more, and if\\nyou and your people do not assist us, God help us we must die either by the\\nsword or the famine. This moment General Ware has come in, and will in\\na few minutes start with a few men and a few friendly Indians, to try to get a\\nlittle something for us to eat. I hope so soon as you read this you will lay it\\nbefore the Governor and the President, that they may know our miserable con-\\ndition, and afford us relief as soon as possible. I followed them to their camp,\\nabout one and a half miles, to try to beg of them something to cover the dead\\nwith, but it was denied me. I tried also to get a house to take my little\\nchildren and some provisions to last us to the white settlements, which was\\ngiven up to me, and then taken back and had it not have been for some white\\nmen who assisted in burying the dead and getting us to the white settlements)\\nwe should have been worse off than we were, if possible. Before I close, I\\nmust remark, that the whole of the party, so far as I knew them, were hostiles\\nduring the late war.\\n(Signed) Peggy and Susan McIntosh.*\\nTo Colonel Campbell and Major Meriwether.\\nFayette County, May 3, 25.\\nMy Dear Friends I send you this paper, which wili not tell you a lie but\\nif it had ten tongues, it could not tell all the truth. On the morning of the 30th\\nof April, at break of day, my father s house was surrounded by a party of hos-\\ntile Indians, to the number of several hundred, who instantly fired his dwell-\\ning, and murdered him and Thomas Tustennuggee, by shooting more than one\\nhundred balls into them, and took away the whole of father s money and pro-\\nperty which they could carry off, and destroyed the rest, leaving the family no\\nclothes (some not a rag) nor provision. Brother Chilly was at father s, and made\\nhis escape through a window, under the cover of a travelling white man. who\\nobtained leave for them to come out that way. It being not yet light, he was\\nnot discovered. While those hostiles were murdering my beloved father, they\\nwere tying my husband (Colonel Samuel Hawkins) with cords, to wait the arri-\\nval of Itockchunga, Tholocco-coseo-mico, and Munnawana, who were the com-\\nmanders at father s, to give orders for the Colonel s execution also, which took\\nplace about three o clock the same day. And these barbarous men, not content\\nwith spilling the blood of both my husband and father, to atone for their con-\\nstant friendship to both your nation and our own, refused my hands the painful\\nprivilege of covering his body up in the very ground which he lately defended\\nagainst those hostile murderers, and drove me from my home, stripped of my\\ntwo best friends in one day, stripped of all my property, my provision, and my\\nclothing with a more painful reflection than all these, that the body of my\\npoor murdered husband should remain unburied, to be devoured by the birds\\nand the beasts. Was ever poor woman worse off than 11 I have this moment\\nThese were General Mcintosh s two wives, the one a Creek, the other a Cherokee\\nwoman ^hey are both said to have been affectionately attached to their husband, and\\nlived on amicable terms with each other.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0338.jp2"}, "337": {"fulltext": "CASS COUNTY. 297\\narrived among our white friends, who, although they are very kind, have but\\nlittle to bestow on me and my poor helpless infant, who must suffer before any\\naid can reach us from yours but I can live a great while on very little beside\\nthe confidence I have on you and your Government, for I know by your pro-\\nmise you will aid and defend us, as soon as you hear from our situation. These\\nmurderers are the very same hostiles who treated the whites ten years ago as\\nthey have now treated my husband and father; who say they are determined to\\nkill all who had any hand in selling the land, and when they have completed\\nthe work of murdering, burning, plundering, and destruction, they will send the\\nPresident word that they have saved their land, and taken it back and that he\\nand the white people never shall have it again which is the order of the heads\\nof the nation, by the advice of the Agent. We expect that many of our best\\nfriends are already killed, but have not heard, by reason of the waters being too\\nhigh for word to go quick, which is the only reason. Colonel Miller and others\\non his side of the river were not killed. We are in a dreadful condition, and I\\ndon t think there will be one ear of corn made in this part of the nation, for the\\nwhole of the friendly party have fled to De Kalb and Fayette counties, too much\\nalarmed to return to their house to get a little grain of what corn they left for\\nthemselves and their families to subsist on, much more to stay at- home to make\\nmore, and we fear every day that what little provision we left will be destroyed.\\nI am afraid you will think I make it worse, but how can that be for it is worse\\nof itself than any pen can write. My condition admits of no equal, and mocks\\nme when I try to speak of it. After I was stripped of my last frock but one,\\nhumanity and duty called on me to pull it off and spread it over the body of my\\ndead husband, (which was allowed no other covering,) which I did as a farewell\\nwitness of affection. I was twenty-five miles from any friend but sister\\nCatherine who was with me, and had to stay all night in the woods, surrounded\\nby a thousand hostile Indians, who were constantly insulting and affrighting us.\\nAnd now I am here with only one old coat to my back, and not a morsel of bread\\nto save us from perishing, or a rag of a blanket to cover my poor little boy\\nfrom the sun at noon or the dew at night. I am a poor distracted orphan and\\nwidow.\\n(Signed) Jane Hawkins.\\nCASS COUNTY.\\nLaid out from Cherokee, 1832. Part taken from Murray, 1834.\\nNamed after the Hon. Lewis Cass.\\nThe chief stream is the Etowah. Numerous creeks water the\\ncountry.\\nThe soil in many places is very productive. Rye, barley, oats,\\ncotton, and indeed everything does well on this soil. No part of\\nGeorgia is richer in valuable rocks and minerals. Iron ore, equal to\\nany in the world, is abundantly diffused. Fine marble, limestone in\\nany quantity, from which lime is made and sent to different parts of", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0339.jp2"}, "338": {"fulltext": "298\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA\\nthe State, elastic sandstone, asbestos, soapstone, plumbago, lead,\\ngold, and copper, exist in considerable quantities.\\nCassville is the seat of justice, 150 miles northwest of Milledge-\\nville. In the vicinity are several fine springs.\\nCartersville is on the Western and Atlantic Railroad, surrounded\\nby a rich country. Named, after Colonel F. Carter, of Milledgeville.\\nKingston is on the Western and. Atlantic Railroad. This place is\\ncelebrated for the excellency of the water. Named after J. P. King,\\nEsq., of Augusta.\\nThe above is a view of Spring Bank, the residence of the Rev.\\nC. W. Howard, one of the most beautiful seats in Cherokee Georgia.\\nAdairsville is on the Western and Atlantic Railroad, twelve miles\\nfrom Cassville.\\nEarly Settlers. Colonel Harden, Z. B. Hargrove, John\\nDawson, D. Irvine, T. G. Baron, Robert Patton, L. Tumlin,\\nthe Johnsons, the Wyleys, Dr. Hamilton, and others.\\nExtract from Census of 1850. Dwellings, 1,712, families, 1,750\\nwhite males, 5,333 white females, 4,938 free coloured males, 1 1\\nfree coloured females, 10. Total free population, 10,292 slaves, 3,008\\ndeaths, 105; farms, 601; manufacturing establishments, 8; value\\nof real estate, $1,773,689; value of personal estate, $1,942,121.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0340.jp2"}, "339": {"fulltext": "CASS COUNTY.\\n299\\nThere are many fine springs, impregnated with mineral qualities,\\nin this county. Among these are the Rowland Springs, purchased in\\n1843 by their present owner, John S. Rowland, Esq. The tract of\\nland contains 2,100 acres, and is in the midst of the great iron\\nregion of Cherokee Georgia. When this property was purchased,\\nit was a forest, being entirely unimproved. The proprietor has made\\nall the improvements. Water is conveyed upon the premises in the\\ncentre of the square, in front of the main building, watering the\\nwhole place. The springs are numerous, of pure freestone, chaly-\\nbeate, and sulphur. The location is high and healthy, surrounded\\nby mountains and romantic scenery.\\nThis place was said to be the favourite resort of the Cherokee\\nIndians for health in sickly seasons.\\nThe Rowland Springs were kept as a watering-place by their\\nowner until the year 1850, and were one of the most fashionable\\nresorts at the South, being always crowded to excess in the\\nsummer months, since which time they have been used as a stock-\\nfarm and summer residence of the proprietor.\\nThere are several remains of ancient works in this county. Among\\nthem is a mound on the plantation of Colonel Tumlin, a diagram of\\nwhich is given above. The following description of it first appeared\\nin one of the early numbers of SillimarCs Journal\\nOn the north side of the Etowah, vulgarly called the High-tower River,\\nis a mound of large dimensions. It stands upon a strip of alluvial land,\\ncalled river bottom. The first object which excited attention was an excavation\\nabout twenty feet wide, and in some parts ten feet deep. Its course is nearly", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0341.jp2"}, "340": {"fulltext": "300 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nthat of a semicircle, the extremities extending towards the river, which form\\na small elbow. I had not time to examine it minutely. An Indian said it ex-\\ntended each way to the river, and had several unexcavated parts, which served\\nas passages to the area which it incloses. To my surprise, I found no embank-\\nment on either side of it, but I did not long doubt to what place the earth had\\nbeen removed, for I had scarcely proceeded 200 yards, when, through the thick\\nforest trees, the stupendous pile met the eye, whose dimensions were in full pro-\\nportion to the intrenchments. I had at the time no means of taking an accu-\\nrate admeasurement. To supply my deficiency, I cut a long vine, which was\\npreserved, until I had an opportunity of ascertaining its exact length. In this\\nmanner I found the distance, from the margin of the summit to the base, to be\\n111 feet; and, judging from the degree of its declivity, the perpendicular height\\ncannot be less than seventy-five feet. The circumference of the base, including\\nthe feet of three parapets, measured 1,114. One of these parapets extended from\\nthe base to the summit, and can be ascended, though with difficulty, on horse-\\nback. The other two, after rising thirty or forty feet, terminate in a kind of\\ntriangular platform Its top is level, and at the time I visited it, was com-\\npletely covered with bushes and trees of a most luxuriant growth, so that I could\\nnot examine it as well as I wished. Its diameter, I judge, must be 150 feet.\\nOn its side and summit are many large trees of the same description, and of\\nthe same dimensions as those around it. One beech tree near the top mea-\\nsured ten feet and nine inches in circumference. The earth on every side of\\nthe tree was several feet lower than on the opposite side. This fact will give a\\ngood idea of the mound s declivity. An oak which was lying down on one\\nof the parapets, measured, at the distance of six feet from the butt, without the\\nbark, twelve feet four inches in circumference. At a short distance to the south-\\neast is another mound, in ascending which I took thirty steps. Its top is en-\\ncircled by breastworks three feet high, intersected through the middle with\\nanother elevation of a similar kind. A little further is another mound, which I\\nhad not time to examine. On these great works of art the Indians gazed with\\nas much curiosity as any white man. I inquired of the oldest chiefs if the\\nnatives had any tradition respecting them, to which they answered in the nega-\\ntive. I then requested each to say what he supposed was their origin. Neither\\ncould tell, although all agreed in saying that they were put there by our\\npeople.\\nSaltpetre Cave. In this county are many caves. A remarkable one is si-\\ntuated about five miles from Cassville. The adjoining country around it is poor,\\nrocky, and mountainous. The descent is steep, abrupt, and somewhat difficult,\\nfor perhaps one hundred and fifty feet, where the bottom becomes perfectly\\nsmooth and even owing, no doubt, to the collection of dirt which has been\\nwashed down the mouth, and settling there for ages. This smooth and even sur-\\nface extends forty by sixty feet. Here the Indians are said to have been in the\\nhabit of meeting for the purpose of dancing, and to indulge in other customary\\npastimes and festivities. The air is damp, and unpleasantly cold. From the\\nmouth to the bottom of the first descent, the aperture becomes larger and larger\\nuntil the bottom is reached. About midway the rocks overhead are so far above", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0342.jp2"}, "341": {"fulltext": "CASS COUNTY. 301\\nas to render the top almost invisible from the light of the torches. Stones thrown\\nup can barely reach it. At the bottom of the first room, as it is usually called,\\nthe rocks close in on all sides, except the entrance, and a few feet through which\\nthe visitor must pass half bent, if he desires to proceed farther. After going in\\nthis way for twenty or thirty feet, the opening again becomes suddenly large and\\nextensive on all sides, and a steep and rugged ascent has to be encountered for\\neighty or one hundred feet. Here, if it were not that the cave is in the side of a\\nmountain, it could not be very far to the surface of the earth above, as it is now\\nascended a distance nearly equal to that which was descended in entering, and\\nit is also some distance to the rock overhead. But the visitor is now in the heart\\nor centre of the mountain, where no ray of light ever found its entrance, except\\nthat of the torch or lantern of exploring man. At the top of this ascent a road\\nbranches off to the right and left. Both are circuitous, and lead into various\\nrooms of different sizes and shapes. The one to the right leads by a difficult and\\nsometimes dangerous route, to the longest room in the cave. From this there is\\na small and narrow outlet, scarcely of space sufficient to proceed erect, of about\\none hundred and fifty or two hundred feet in length, and leads to another issue,\\nthough small. There are in this cave some twenty or thirty rooms of different\\nsizes and forms, and generally connected with each other by apertures sufficient-\\nly large to admit of easy access but in some places, though rarely, the visitor\\nmust gain his way on his hands and knees. Some visitors, of more enterprise\\nand perseverance, have taken in poles, by which to ascend to the rooms over-\\nhead. The continual drippings of the lime and saltpetre have, in many of the\\nrooms, formed beautiful columns and pillars, by concretion. Many of these,\\nfrom the different shapes which they have assumed, are interesting curiosities.\\nThese pillars are, in a state of nature, almost as white as marble but the fre-\\nquent visits to the cave, and the visitors using pine for torches, they have become\\nsmoked black. Several years ago, considerable quantities of saltpetre were manu-\\nfactured from the dirt dug out of this cave, and the signs are yet visible, but no\\noperation of the kind is now going on.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0343.jp2"}, "342": {"fulltext": "302 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nCHATHAM COUNTY.\\nThis county forms the southeast corner of the State. It is a por-\\ntion of what was once called Savannah County, for in 1741, by or-\\nder of the Trustees, the Colony of Georgia was divided into two\\ncounties, one of which was called Savannah, embracing all the ter-\\nritory north of Darien. It was laid out in 1758 into St. Philip s and\\nChrist Church Parishes, and Christ Church and a part of St. Phil-\\nip s were formed into the County of Chatham, which name was given\\nin honour of the celebrated Earl of Chatham. Length, 28 m.\\nbreadth, 15m.; area square miles, 420.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 1,915; families,\\n1,979 white males, 4,794 white females, 4,367 free coloured males,\\n296 free coloured females, 426 total free population, 9,883 slaves,\\n14,018 deaths, 385 farms, 132 manufacturing establishments, 13\\nvalue of real estate, $4,890,750; value of personal estate, $5,828,388.\\nThe chief streams are the Savannah, Big and Little Ogeechee.\\nThe smaller are, St. Augustine, Vernon, Pipemaker, c.\\nThe face of the country is flat, interspersed with many swamps.\\nThe country has a large portion of fertile land. On the Savannah\\nRiver, the bodies of tide swamp lands are extensive, and are culti-\\nvated upwards of twenty miles from the brackish marsh up the river,\\nand are considered the most valuable lands in the State. Many of the\\nrice plantations have a picturesque appearance. The annexed cut ex\\nhibits a view of Mr. James Potter s plantation on the Savannah River\\nSavannah is the seat of justice, and the largest city in Georgia.\\nIt is situated on the southeast bank of the Savannah River, on a high\\nbluff forty feet above low-water mark, twelve miles in a direct line\\nfrom the ocean, and eighteen miles by the course of the river.\\nIt is in north latitude 32 degrees, 4 minutes, 56 seconds west lon-\\ngitude 81 degrees, 8 minutes, 18 seconds from Greenwich and 4 de-\\ngrees, 6 minutes, 54 seconds, west longitude from Washington City\\n158 miles E.S.E. from Milledgeville, the capital of the State.\\nThe city contains the following public buildings, viz. two Epis-\\ncopal churches, one Roman Catholic, one Lutheran, one Indepen-\\ndent Presbyterian, one Presbyterian, one Unitarian, two Baptist\\nchurches for whites, three for coloured people, one Hebrew Syna\\ngogue, one for Mariners, one Methodist Church for whites, one Me-\\nthodist for coloured people, Court-House, Jail, Exchange, Female\\nAsylum, Armoury, Arsenal, Guard-House, Market-House, Academy,\\nHall of the Georgia Historical Society, Institution of the Sisters of\\nour Lady of Mercy, United States Barracks, Savannah Poor-House\\nand Hospital, Hall of St. Andrew s Society, Custom-House, Athe-\\nnaeum, Masonic Hall, Odd Fellows Hall, Powder Magazine, Bank\\nof the State of Georgia, Planters Bank, Marine and Fire Insurance\\nBank, Central Railroad and Banking Company, Savaj Bank.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0344.jp2"}, "343": {"fulltext": "W^%.\\ng", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0345.jp2"}, "344": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0346.jp2"}, "345": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY.\\n303\\nThere are in the city about 45 charitable societies\\nprivate dwellings are beautiful.\\nThis institution was organ-\\nized the 17th September, 1801.\\nMrs. Ann Clay was called to\\nthe chair, and the following la-\\ndies elected Managers, viz.\\nMrs. Elisabeth Smith, Mrs.\\nAnn Clay, Lady Ann Hous-\\ntoun, Mrs. Margaret Stephens,\\nMrs. Hannah McAllister, Mrs.\\nFrances Holcombe, Mrs. Jane\\nSmith, Mrs. Margaret Hun-\\nter, Mrs. Phebe Mosse, Mrs.\\nSarah Lamb, Mrs. Susanna\\nJenkins, Mrs. Ann Moore, Mrs\\nRebecca Newell, Mrs. Mary\\nWall. Mrs. Elisabeth Smith was\\nAnn Clay the Second. Mrs\\nSecretaries\\nMany of the\\ns^JR^i^fefc 5\\nFEMALE ASYLUM.\\nelected First Directress, and Mrs.\\nJane Smith and Mrs. Sarah Lamb, the\\nand Mrs. Margaret Hunter, Treasurer.\\nThe compiler has been politely favoured with the following account\\nby James 0. Morse, Esq., Civil and Mechanical Engineer, of New-\\nYork, the gentleman who designed and is engaged in constructing the\\nworks, with whom is associated H. R. Worthington, Esq., of the same\\nplace, the patentee and builder of the pumping apparatus\\nThe Savannah Water-Works were commenced in the winter\\nof 1852-3. A brief description of this important public work will\\nperhaps be deemed interesting.\\nThe supply is obtained from the Savannah River, the water of\\nwhich, though turbid in its appearance, (rendered so by the minute\\nparticles of clay held by it in suspension,) is nevertheless of remarka-\\nble purity inasmuch as it contains no soluble impurities, the sources\\nof the river being in regions of a primitive formation.\\nThe water is taken from the river above the city, and received into\\na reservoir located on the low lands west of the Ogeechee Canal. In\\norder to free the water from the earthy matter it holds in suspension,\\nthis reservoir is divided into four compartments, rendered distinct\\nfrom each other by partitions faced with masonry. Into any or all of\\nthese compartments, or basins, the water is admitted by means of iron\\ngateways the contents of one basin, therefore, can be used while\\nthe process of sedimentation is going on undisturbed in the others.\\nEach one of these basins is made to communicate, by means of cul-\\nverts of masonry and iron gateways, with a chamber, or pump-well,\\nof masonry, situated underneath a building which contains the boilers\\nand engines of the pumping apparatus, by means of which the water\\nis forced into the city.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0347.jp2"}, "346": {"fulltext": "304\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nThe plateau upon which the city of Savannah is built has an alti-\\ntude of about forty feet above the river. Upon this elevation is\\nbuilt the Distributing- Reservoir, having a height of about eighty feet\\nabove the general grade of the streets. This structure, a repre-\\nsentation of which is annexed, consists of a circular tower of\\nsubstantial masonry, upon which is placed the reservoir, of iron.\\nFrom this reservoir, having an elevation sufficient for all purposes,\\nthe water is distributed throughout the city in the usual manner, by\\nmeans of cast-iron pipes, furnished with all necessary fire hydrants,\\nstop-gates, etc.\\nThe whole height to which the water is raised by the pumping en-\\ngines is one hundred and twenty feet the distance from the receiv-\\ning to the distributing reservoir is somewhat more than half a mile.\\nMost of the cities in the United States that are supplied with water\\nunder pressure sufficient to carry it to all parts of the buildings, are\\nso situated as to have in their vicinity ground of sufficient elevation\\nto command the town, and on which the reservoir is built. The city\\nof Savannah having no such advantages, it became necessary in the\\ndesign for these works to devise some means whereby an ample supply\\nof water might be delivered into the town with height, or head,", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0348.jp2"}, "347": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY.\\n305\\nsufficient to give the necessary pressure in the pipes of distribution,\\nwithout incurring the enormous expense of creating an artificial eleva-\\ntion of large area on which to build the usual plan of reservoir con-\\ntaining many days supply. The plan adopted to effect the object re-\\nquired is this Upon a tower of masonry, a tank, or reservoir, is\\nerected, of a capacity to hold the quantity of water required for the\\nnight supply while the pumping apparatus is so arranged as to place be-\\nyond all contingency of failure the ability of the apparatus to preserve\\nin the reservoir the quantity of water necessary for the day supply.\\nThe pumping apparatus consists of three direct action, condensing\\npumping engines, each one independent of the other, and each capable\\nof delivering into tne reservoir one million of gallons in twelve hours.\\nThese are supplied by two steam-boilers, each in like manner inde-\\npendent of the other. From these engines, situated, as before men-\\ntioned, at the lower or receiving reservoir, two distinct lines of forcing\\npipes, or mains are laid to the upper or distributing reservoir, and\\nfrom thence the water is conveyed, under the pressure due to the\\nheight of this reservoir, throughout the streets of the city.\\nBy this arrangement it will be seen that not only is the apparatus\\namply able to meet the demands that the town makes upon it, but\\nthat It is sufficiently large to respond to the increased wants due to\\nan increase of population.\\nThe Custom-House, at the\\ncorner of Bull and Bay streets,\\nis an imposing building. Length\\n110 feet, depth 52 feet, and in\\nheight, from the pavement to the\\nridge of the roof, 52 feet. The\\nbasement story is devoted to the\\nuse of the Post-office and the ap-\\npraisers department. The first\\nor principal floor is used for Cus-\\ntom-house purposes. The third,\\nor upper story, for United States\\nCourt-rooms. It is built of\\nQuincy granite. The structure\\nis fire-proof.\\nIndependent Presbyterian Church. To the Rev. Dr. Preston,\\nits present pastor, we owe our thanks for the following information\\nThe exact date of the organization of this church is not\\nknown. In 1755 a grant was obtained for a site on which to\\nerect a house of worship, and a charter was granted by the\\nAssembly, and Trustees appointed. The Confession of Faith was\\nsubstantially the doctrines of the Church of Scotland, agreeably\\nto the Westminster Confession of Faith, but not in ecclesiastical\\nconnection with that church, having from the first declared them-\\nselves an Independent Presbyterian Church, and by that style and\\ntitle were originally incorporated, and by this name it has always\\n20\\nCUSTOM-HOUSE.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0349.jp2"}, "348": {"fulltext": "306\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nbeen known. The first pastor was the Rev. John J. Zubly, D. D.\\nIn 1796, the house of worship was destroyed by fire. Previously\\nto that date, and after Dr. Zubly left, or in his absence, the Rev.\\nMessrs. Phillips and Johnson supplied the church for a few years.\\nThey were sent by Lady Huntingdon to take charge of the Orphan\\nAsylum, established by the Rev. George Whitefield, in the neigh-\\nbourhood of Savannah. The former of these ministers came in 1778,\\nand left in 1790. The latter succeeded him, and left in 1793. In\\n1794 the Rev. Mr. McCall was employed to preach, and died in 1796.\\nThis gentleman was succeeded by the Rev. Mr. Morduth in 1797,\\nwho resigned in 1799. In 1800 the Rev. Robert Smith took charge\\nof the church, but death called him from his labours two years after\\nhis settlement. The next pastor was the Rev. Samuel Clarkson,\\nD. D., whose connection with the church was dissolved at the expira-\\ntion of three years. In the fall of 1806, the Rev. Henry Kollock,\\nD. D., became its pastor, the duties of which he continued to dis-\\ncharge until 1819, when death closed his labours. He was suc-\\nceeded by Dr. Snodgrass, and successively by the Rev. Messrs. Howe\\nand Baker, the term of whose united ministry was less than eight\\nyears, ending in the fall of 1831. In the month of December of the\\nsame year, the Rev. Dr. Willard Preston was invited, and became\\nthe pastor the following month, and whose uninterrupted ministry has\\ncontinued for more than twenty years.\\nMETHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.\\nMethodism was established in Savannah in 1807. As early as\\n1790, Rev. Hope Hull was sent to Savannah, and he preached a few\\ntimes in a chairmaker s shop belonging to Mr. Lowry, but such was\\nthe opposition manifested towards him that he was assailed with mob", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0350.jp2"}, "349": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY.\\n307\\nviolence, and his success was small. He was followed, in 1796, bv\\nJonathan Jackson and Josiah Randle, but they left the place without\\nmaking any permanent impression. In 1800, John Garvin made an\\nineffectual attempt to collect a society in Savannah; and though he\\nsucceeded after many difficulties, in inducing a few to attend his\\nmeetings for a season, yet he also abandoned the place in despair\\n1 he next attempt was made by Mr. Cloud, whose conduct increased\\nthe prejudices against the Methodists. In 1806, Rev. Samuel Dun-\\nwody came to Savannah and laboured assiduously. After hard toil-\\ning, the members succeeded in erecting a house of worship, which\\nwas called Wesley Chapel.\\nThe church of which we have given a sketch was erected three\\nyears ago, and is one among the neatest and most commodious in\\nthe city\\nCOUNT PULASKI.\\nnipt f i\u00c2\u00a3 T 11 P u Ulaskl had unsuc cessfully contended for the princi-\\nL iT m Wn C J Untrj he dfiterm ^d to connect himself\\nwith those who were engaged in the same struggle in America Fur-\\nmshed with testimonials from Franklin, Pulaski found no difficulty Tn\\nltp n \u00c2\u00a3T5 7me t m th A f erican arm In the battl e of Brandy-\\nwine he had a post near Washington, and by his bravery and activity\\noffic/r Aft e ^w? W hlCh hG had in E r \u00c2\u00b0P fi as an -com; shed 7\\nofficer. After th 1S battle Congress appointed him to the command of\\nthe cavalry, with the rank of Brigadier-General but owin^ to some\\ndissatisfaction among the officers under him, he resigned his\\ncom-", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0351.jp2"}, "350": {"fulltext": "308\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nmand, and joined the main army at Valley Forge. In 1778, with the\\napprobation of Washington and Congress, he raised a corps, which\\nwas afterwards called Pulaski s Legion. In the assault upon Savan-\\nnah, in 1779, he sealed his devotion to liberty with his blood. He died\\nat sea a few days after he received his wound.\\nPULASKI MONUMENT.\\nWe extract from the Savannah Republican the following account\\nof the laying of the corner-stone of this monument\\nThe ceremony of laying the corner-stone of the monument to be\\nerected to the memory of Brigadier Count Pulaski, a name dear to\\nthe heart of every American, and especially so to the people of Georgia,\\nwas performed on Tuesday afternoon, in Monterey Square, 11th Octo\\nber, 1853. The military, under the command of Colonel A. R. Law-\\nton, the different Masonic Lodges, together with a large concourse of\\ncitizens, were present during the very interesting ceremonies. The\\noration delivered upon the occasion by Henry Williams, Esq., is said\\nto have been a masterly production.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0352.jp2"}, "351": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY. 309\\nAfter the delivery of the oration, Wm. P. Bowen, Sen., read the\\nfollowing record, which was deposited in the corner-stone\\nPULASKI MONUMENT.\\nSavannah, Georgia, Chatham County,\\nUnited States of America.\\n11th October, 1853.\\nThis parchment is to record the laying of the corner-stone of a Monument\\nin the centre of Monterey Square, at the junction of Bull and Wayne streets\\n(City of Savannah,) to the memory of Brigadier-General Count Pulaski, who\\nfell mortally wounded by a swivel shot while on a charge at the head of a body\\nof cavalry before the British lines, at the Siege of Savannah, on the ninth day\\nof October, seventeen hundred and seventy-nine.\\nCount Casimir Pulaski was bom in the province of Lithuania, Poland, in the\\nyear seventeen hundred and forty-six. Arrived in the United States in the\\nyear seventeen hundred and seventy-seven (1777), and volunteered his services\\nto the American Government in the great and glorious cause of Liberty and\\nFreedom from British tyranny received a commission from the Government as\\nBrigadier-General of Cavalry, and fought gallantly in the battles of this\\ncountry at Brandywine, Germantown, Trenton, Charleston, and Savannah.\\nAged 33.\\nRobert E. Launitz, of New- York, Designer. M. Lufburrow and E. Jones\\nbuilders of the foundation.\\nRobert D. Walker, sculptor of the corner-stone.\\n(Signed)\\nRichard D. Arnold,\\nChairman of Commissioners.\\nWm. Robertson, by Geo. Robertson, Jun.,\\nTreasurer.\\nWm. P. Bowen, Sen.,\\nSecretary and Commissioner.\\nThe following articles contributed by the citizens were deposited\\nin a copper box in the stone\\nRoll of the officers of the Independent Volunteer Battalion of Savannah, to-\\ngether with rolls of the several volunteer corps composing said battalion.\\nStatement of the Marine and Fire Insurance Bank. Last report and list of\\nstockholders, together with notes of the denominations one, two, five, ten, twenty,\\nfifty, and one hundred.\\nStatement of the Bank of the State of Georgia, with notes of five and ten\\ndollars.\\nBills of the Planters Bank, of the denominations of five and ten.\\nBills of the Central Railroad and Banking Company, of the denominations of\\none, two, five, and ten.\\nStatement of the Bank of Savannah, also notes of the denominations of five,\\nten, twenty, fifty, and one hundred dollars", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0353.jp2"}, "352": {"fulltext": "310 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nNames of the Officers of the Governments of the United States and of the State\\nof Georgia.\\nEngraved likenesses of Generals George Washington, Benjamin Lincoln, and of\\nRobert Morris, Esq.; presented by I. K. Tefft.\\nMedal representing a view of the city of Bremen, with a statue of Rolandi,\\ndated 1540; also, medallions of Benjamin Franklin and Henry Clay; presented by\\nA. Oemler.\\nMedallion representing the Crystal Palace of New-York; presented by W. A.\\nRichmond.\\nHungarian Bond; presented by Hinko Naklen Kazel.\\nA piece of the oak tree from Sunbury, Liberty County, Georgia, under which\\nGeneral James Oglethorpe opened the first Lodge of Free Masons in Georgia\\nalso under which, in 1779, the charter of the Union Society was preserved, and\\nMr. Mordecai Sheftall, Sen., then a prisoner of war, elected President; pre-\\nsented by Mrs. Perla Sheftall Solomons.\\nCopies of the Savannah Republican, of October 1, 1853, giving an account of\\nthe exhumation of the corner-stone laid by General La Fayette, in 1825; also of\\nthe 11th of October, 1853.\\nCopies of the Savannah Daily Morning News, of the 4th, 6th, and 11th of\\nOctober, 1853.\\nCopies of the Savannah Daily and Weekly Courier, of October 11, 1853.\\nCopy of the Savannah Georgian, established in 1817.\\nPast Master s Masonic Jewel, dated 1710; presented by S. P. Bell, Esq.\\nA silver dollar, found among the bones of the soldiers who fell at the siege of\\nSavannah, dated 1778; presented by Barnard Constantine, Esq.\\nA badge, medals, and copper coin presented by Mrs. David Thompson.\\nTwo Roman coins of the days of Constantine, Emperor of Rome; presented by\\nBenjamin Arnold.\\nGold, silver, and copper coin presented by A. Oemler, N. Wolf, J. N. Prentiss,\\nC. F. Preston, P. G. Thomas, R. W. Pooler, T. Holcombeand F. J. Rosenberg.\\nThree German coins, dated 1623, 1624, and 1632, presented by Paul Haller.\\nFrench Masonic Lodge Jewel presented by William Hone.\\nA silver dollar, dated 1727; presented by A. Bonaud.\\nOne cent, dated 1793 presented by J. H. Damon.\\nTwo silver medals presented by John J. W. Buntz and George J. J. Buntz.\\nContinental notes, by Mrs. David Thompson; and rare coin, by R. R. Scott,\\nEsq.\\nDirectory and Census of the City of Savannah for the year 1853 presented by\\nDavid H. Galloway, Esq.\\nOfficers and assistants of the Savannah Post-office.\\nConstitution, by-laws, list of officers and members of Zerubbabel Lodge, No. 15.\\nRecords of the Georgia Chapter, No. 3.\\nRecords of Clinton Lodge, No. 54 list of officers and members; and a silver\\ncompass.\\nRecords of Solomon s Lodge for the year 1853, with by-laws, c.\\nThe Masonic ceremonies were performed by Acting Grand Master\\nR. R. Cuyler.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0354.jp2"}, "353": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY. 311\\nIn the course of his address, Mr. Williams observed Nor should\\nallusion be omitted to the artist under whose creating hands this mar-\\nble memorial is destined to rise. Particularly appropriate is it, that\\nthe genius of Polish art should be invoked to illustrate the virtues of\\na Polish patriot, and that the execution of a monument raised upon\\nAmerican soil to a chivalrous son of Poland should be intrusted to\\none who breathed his native air in Poland, and drew his inspiration\\nbeneath her skies to one who, in his adopted country, has already\\nmade the marble breathe, in so many forms of varied beauty, to the\\ncompatriots of Pulaski and Kosciusko the gifted and accomplished\\nLaunitz.\\nMr. Launitz has furnished us with the following description, being\\na copy of his letter to the Commissioners of the Pulaski Monu-\\nment\\nSavannah.\\nGentlemen I herewith have the honour to submit, according to your pro-\\nposals, a design for a monument to the memory of Count Pulaski, consisting of\\nan elevation and perspective view. In designing the Monument, I have had par-\\nticular regard to purity of style, richness of effect, and strength and durability\\nin material and execution; while I have not lost sight of the main object, which\\nis to design a Monument for Pulaski.\\nIt is perceived at the first glance that the monument is intended for a\\nsoldier, who is losing his life fighting. Wounded, he falls from his horse, while\\nstill grasping his sword. The date of the event is recorded above the subject.\\nThe coat of arms of Poland and Georgia, surrounded by branches of laurel, orna-\\nment the cornice on two sides, or fronts; they stand united together; while the\\neagle, emblem of liberty, independence, and courage, rests on both, bidding\\nproud defiance the eagle being the symbolic bird of both Poland and America.\\nThe allegory will need no further explanation. The cannon reversed on the\\ncorners of the die, are emblematical of military loss and mourning, while they\\ngive the monument a strong military character.\\nTo facilitate the execution of the shaft, which it would be impossible to execute\\nin one piece, I have divided the same into several parts, separated by bands, so\\nas to remove the unsightliness of horizontal joints on a plain surface. The bands\\nare alternately ornamented with stars, emblems of the States and Territories now\\nand in embryo, which enjoy and will enjoy the fruits of the valour and patriotism of\\nthe heroes of the Revolution. The garlands on the alternate bands above the\\nstars denote that they (the States) are young and flourishing. The shaft is sur-\\nmounted by a highly elaborate cap, which adds richness, loftiness, and grandeur\\nto the structure. The monument is surmounted by a statue of Liberty, holding the\\nbanner of the stars and stripes. The love of liberty brought Pulaski to Ameri-\\nca; for love of liberty, he fought; and for liberty he lost his life; and thus I\\nthought that Liberty should crown his monument, and share with him the crown\\nThis is true only in part. Mr. Launitz informs the author that he is a native of\\nCourland, formerly an independent dukedom under the protection of the King of Poland,\\nbut at present a Russian province.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0355.jp2"}, "354": {"fulltext": "312\\nHISTOKiCAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nof victory. The garlands surrounding the column show that Liberty now is a\\nyoung and blooming maiden, surrounded with fragrant flowers.\\nThe monument is designed to be fifty-five feet high, which, for a square in a\\ncity, is of ample height. The two steps and lower plinth to be of granite and\\nall the rest, of the finest and best. Italian marble, in solid blocks weighing from\\none to six tons, and to be executed in the most artistical and workmanlike\\nmanner; to rest on a solid foundation six feet deep, or more, if the soil requires\\nit. The first step to be in twelve pieces, the second step in eight pieces, as\\nalso the plinth, of best hammered granite. The base-block in four pieces, the\\nbase moulding in two pieces. The die with the cannon in four pieces, jointed at\\nthe sides; each front will weigh five tons. The cornice in two pieces; the base-\\nblock of shaft, as well as every section of the shaft, each in one solid piece; the\\ncap of shaft in two pieces: the statue and columns each part in one piece. All\\nthe parts that are composed of more than one piece to be cramped with dovetail\\nkeys of metal. The monument to be delivered and erected in Savannah in two\\nyears, say on or before the 1st of July, 1854. The cost of the whole, as above\\nspecified, to be seventeen thousand dollars.*\\nPULASKI HOUSE.\\nThe Pulaski House, a view of which is here given, is a large build-\\ning facing Monument Square. The City Hotel, on the bay, the Mar-\\nshall House, in Broughton street, and the Pavilion, on the corner of\\nBull and South Broad streets, are well conducted. The private\\nboarding-houses are numerous, and some of them have a high reputa-\\ntion.\\nStrangers have heretofore found some difficulty in procuring accom-\\nmodations in the city of Savannah but it is confidently expected\\nthat the early erection of a splendid hotel, now proposed, will remedy\\nany inconvenience in this respect.\\nIt is hoped that the spirited citizens of Savannah will unite in any\\neffort which may be proposed to multiply the inducements for stran-\\ngers to visit the city, among which, it is well known, good hotels form\\na very important item.\\nThis monument was finished last December", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0356.jp2"}, "355": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY.\\n313\\nColoured Baptists. The first ordained minister of colour,\\nin Savannah, was George Leile, who was liberated by Mr. Henry-\\nSharp, of Burke County, Georgia, and afterwards became pas-\\ntor of a large church in Kingston, Jamaica. During his short\\nstay in Savannah, he baptized, among others, Andrew and his wife\\nHannah, and Hagar, belonging to the Hon. Jonathan Bryan, and by\\nwhom they were made free. Andrew became a preacher, suffered\\nmuch opposition, but succeeded in establishing his character as a pious\\nman. He preached in his master s barn at Brampton, three miles\\nfrom Savannah. On the 20th of January, 1788, Andrew, surnamed\\nBryan, was ordained by the Rev. Abraham Marshall, and a coloured\\nminister named Jesse Peter, from the vicinity of Augusta, and con-\\nstituted the first coloured Baptist Church in Savannah, consisting of\\nsixty-nine members.\\nWM^m\\nEXCHANGE.\\nThis building is situated on the bay fronting Bull-street. It is\\nconstructed of brick, and has a venerable appearance. For a num-\\nber of years the business of the Custom-House was transacted in\\nit. From the steeple is presented a fine view of the city and sur-\\nrounding country.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0357.jp2"}, "356": {"fulltext": "314\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nSAVANNAH POOR-HOUSE AND HOSPITAL.\\nThis is a commodious structure, situated on the southeastern part of\\nthe Commons. It is under the management of a Board of Directors,\\nwho have made the most ample provision for the comfort of its inmates.\\nST. ANDREWS HALL.\\nThis building is situated on the south side of Broughton-street. It\\nis sixty feet in front by ninety in depth. The first floor is designed\\nfor stores. Upon the second floor are a spacious hall and ante-rooms,", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0358.jp2"}, "357": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY.\\n315\\nand on the third are dinner-rooms, c. The building cost $27,000.\\nIt is the property of the St. Andrew s Society, organized in 1819.\\nThe eligibility for membership is confined to Scotchmen, their sons\\nand grandsons, on the paternal side only, and its object the relief of\\ndistressed Scotchmen, their widows and orphans, with provision for\\neducational purposes.\\nNorman Wallace, Esq., is the only member living, of some twenty-\\nfive in number present at its original organization.\\nHALL OF THE GEORGIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY.\\nThis is a beautiful building, and admirably adapted for the pur\\nposes for which it was intended.\\nIn the city of Savannah, the want of some Historical Society had\\nlong been felt, but it was not until April, 1839, that any definite ac-\\ntion was taken in regard to the subject, when the Rev. William B.\\nStevens, I. K. TefTt, Esq., and Dr. Richard D. Arnold, addressed a\\ncircular to a number of gentlemen whom they thought most likely to\\ninterest themselves in the design, inviting them to attend a meeting\\nfor the purpose of forming an Historical Society.\\nAccordingly the meeting was held, and a Society formed.\\nThough its operations have been limited, it has nevertheless achieved\\nmuch. It has published two volumes of highly interesting collections.\\nIts archives contain many valuable manuscripts and rare books.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0359.jp2"}, "358": {"fulltext": "316\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nSTATE BANK.\\nBy many, this is thought to be the handsomest building in Savannah.\\nIt fronts Monument Square, is built of brick, and three stories high.\\nSECOND BAPTIST CHURCH.\\nIn the year 1794, Messrs. Jonathan Clarke, George Mosse, Tho-\\nmas Polhill, and David Adams, proposed the erection of a house of\\nworship for the Baptists, in Savannah. The whole number of Bap-\\ntists did not exceed eight or ten. About this time the Rev. Mr.\\nReese, a Baptist minister from Wales, visited Savannah, and encou-\\nraged the design. Accordingly, in 1795, a Baptist Church, 50 by 60\\nfeet, with galleries and a steeple, was erected by the subscriptions of", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0360.jp2"}, "359": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY. 31?\\nseveral denominations, under the superintendence of Ebenezer Hills.\\nJohn Millen, Thomas Polhill, John Hamilton, Thomas Harrison, and\\nJohn H. Roberds, as Trustees. In 1796, as the Baptists had no min-\\nister to occupy their church, they rented it to the Presbyterians, who\\nhad lost their place of worship by fire. By the Presbyterians it was\\noccupied for about three years, when the Rev. Henry Holcombe was\\ninvited by the Baptists to become their minister. This gentleman ac-\\ncepted, the invitation, and under his ministry many additions were\\nmade to the Baptist faith. In 1800 the church formed a constitution\\nfor its government, which was signed by H. Holcombe, F. Holcombe,\\nGeorge Mosse, Phebe Mosse, Joseph Hawthorn, Mary Hawthorn,\\nElias Robert, Mary Robert, Rachel Hamilton, Esther McKenzie,\\nElisabeth Stoney, and Martha Stephens.*\\nst. John s church.\\nThis church is built in the English style of Gothic, that which pre-\\nvailed in England from the year 1200 to the year 1300 of the Chris-\\ntian era.\\nChrist Church is one among the most imposing edifices in Savan-\\nnah. The order of architecture is the Grecian Ionic.\\nThe first building was commenced on the 11th of June, 1740. Six\\nyears afterwards the roof was covered with shingles. It was finally\\ncompleted and on the 7th of July, 1750, was dedicated to the worship\\nof God. The fire of 1796 reduced it to ashes. The first minister of the\\nparish was the Rev. Dr. Herbert. He was succeeded by the Rev. S.\\nQuincy, who remained until 1735, when the Rev. John Wesley became\\nrector. The latter was followed by the Rev. William Norris, who", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0361.jp2"}, "360": {"fulltext": "318\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nresided alternately at Savannah and Frederica. Rev. Wrn. Metcalf\\nwas next appointed, but he died before he entered upon his duties\\nand his place was filled by the Rev. Mr. Orton, who died in 1742.\\nThe Rev. T. Bosomworth was his successor this gentleman was\\ndisplaced, and the Rev. Mr. Zouberbuhler appointed, who faithfully\\nperformed his duties for twenty r one years. In 1768, 1771, 1773, the\\nRev. Mr. Frink was the minister of Christ Church. We cannot say\\nwho were the rectors for some time after 1763. The Rev. John V.\\nBartow had charge of the parish from 1810 to 1814, when the church\\nwas rebuilt. Mr. Bartow removed to Baltimore, having received a\\ncall from Trinity Church, the pastoral care of which he retained for\\ntwenty-one years. This gentleman died in 1836. In 1820, Rev. Mr.\\nCranston became rector. He was succeeded by the Rev. A. Carter,\\nwho was followed by Rev. Dr. Neufville. Upon the death of the latter,\\nRev. A. B. Carter was chosen rector. This gentleman remained but\\na short time and the present Bishop of the diocese, Stephen Elliott,\\nbecame its minister.\\nwinia-iouiti\\nLUTHERAN CHURCH.\\nThis is a chaste building. The whole length, with the portico, is\\n88 feet width, 56 feet. It can accommodate more than 800 persons.\\nThe whole cost was $15,000, and erected in 1843. The early records\\nof the church being lost, we are unable to give a history of it. It\\nwas established, probably, before 1759, under the direction of Rev.\\nMessrs. Rabenhorst and Wottman, but divine service being conduct-\\ned in the German language, and the younger part of the congregation\\nbeing ignorant of that language, the church was closed, and remained\\nin this situation for many years. It was again opened for worship in\\n1824.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0362.jp2"}, "361": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY.\\n319\\nNOTICES CONNECTED WITH THE EARLY SETTLEMENT OF\\nCHATHAM.\\nAssociations, both colonial and revolutionary, of deep interest, are\\nconnected with the history of that section of Georgia now known as\\nthe County of Chatham.\\nHere Oglethorpe first landed here was commenced the Colony of\\nGeorgia. The annals of no nation can produce one more generous\\nand praiseworthy. Its benevolent founders gave their time and money\\nfor promoting the welfare of others, expecting no other reward than\\nthat which arises from the performance of virtuous actions. Here, too,\\nwas exhibited the first opposition of Georgia to the unjust demands of\\nthe mother country. Here her first Revolutionary battle was fought.\\nFrom the Colonial documents and other sources w x e have selected\\nseveral notices connected with the arrival of Oglethorpe and the set-\\ntlement of Georgia, which, doubtless, will be interesting to our readers.\\nThe Seal of the Trustees was formed with\\ntwo faces one for legislative acts, deeds, and\\ncommissions; and the other, the common\\nseal, for grants, orders, certificates. c. The\\ndevice on the one was two figures resting upon\\nurns, representing the rivers Savannah and\\nAlatamaha, the northeastern and southwestern\\nboundaries of the Province, between which\\nthe genius of the colony was seated, with a\\ncap of liberty on her head, a spear in one\\nhand, and a Cornucopia in the other, with the\\ninscription, Colonia Georgia Aug. On\\nthe other face was a representation of silk-\\nworms, some beginning and others completing\\ntheir labours, which were characterized by\\nthe motto, Non sibi, sed aliis.\\nSEAL OF THE TRUSTEES.\\nFrom A Brief Account of the Establishment of the Colony of Georgia, under Gen. Oglethorpe, 1733.\\nArrival of first Colonists at Charlestown, South Carolina, 13th January, 1733.\\nCharlestoiun, January 20. On Saturday night, 13th January, 1733, came to\\nanchor off our bar, a ship with about 120 people, for settling the new Colony of\\nGeorgia, in which was James Oglethorpe, Esq., who came ashore that night, and\\nwas extremely well received by his Excellency, our Governour. The next\\nmorning he went on board, and the ship sailed for Port Royal; and we -hear\\nthere are two more ships, with people, (which will make the number 500,) ex-\\npected daily.\\nAccount of the Progress of the first Colony sent to Georgia.\\nWe set sail from Gravesend on the 17th of November, 1732, in the ship Anne,\\nof 200 tons, John Thomas, Master, being about 130 persons, and arrived off the bar\\nof Charlestown on the 13th day of January following. Mr. Oglethorpe went on\\nshore to wait on the Governour; was received with great marks of civility and", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0363.jp2"}, "362": {"fulltext": "320 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nsatisfaction obtained an order for Mr. Middleton, the King s pilot, to carry the\\nship into Port Royal and for small craft to carry the Colony from thence to .the\\nriver Savannah, with a promise of further assistance from the Province. He re-\\nturned on board the fourteenth day, and came to an anchor within the bar of\\nPort Royal, at about sixteen miles distance from Beaufort. On the 18th, he went\\non shore upon Trench s Island, and left a guard of eight men upon Johns, beino-\\na point of that island which commands the channel, and is about half-way be-\\ntween Beaufort and the river Savannah they had orders to prepare Huts, for\\nthe reception of the Colony, against they should lie there in their passage.\\nFrom thence he went to Beaufort town, where he arrived about one o clock in\\nthe morning, and was saluted with a discharge of all the Artillery, and had the\\nnew Barracks fitted up where the Colony landed on the 20th day, and were, in\\nevery respect, cheerfully assisted by Lieutenant Watts, Ensign Farrington, and\\nthe other officers of his Majesty s independent company, as also by Mr. Delabarr,\\nand other gentlemen of the neighbourhood.\\nWhile the Colony refreshed themselves there, Mr. Oglethorpe, went up the\\nriver, and chose a situation for a town, and entered into a treaty with Tomo Chachi,\\nthe Mico, or Chief of the only nation of Indians living near it. He returned on\\nthe 24th day, and they celebrated the Sunday following as a day of Thanksgiv-\\ning for their safe arrival and a sermon was preached by the Rev. Mr. Jones,\\n(the Rev. Dr. Herbert, who came with the Colony, preaching that day at Beau-\\nfort town.) There was a great resort of the gentlemen of that neighbourhood and\\ntheir families; and a plentiful dinner provided for the Colony, and all that came,\\nby Mr. Oglethorpe being four fat hogs, eight turkeys, besides fowls, English\\nbeef, and other provisions, a hogshead of punch, a hogshead of beer, and a large\\nquantity of wine and all was disposed in so regular a manner, that no person\\nwas drunk, nor any disorder happened.\\nOn the 30th, the Colony embarked on board a sloop of seventy tons, and five\\nPeriaugers, and made sail, but were forced by a storm to put in at a place called\\nthe Look-out, and to lie there all night. The next day they arrived at John s,\\nwhere they found huts capable to contain them all, and a plentiful supper of\\nvenison. They re-embarked the next day, and in the afternoon arrived at the\\nplace intended for the town.\\nBeing arrived, on the 1st of February, at the intended town, before night they\\nerected four large tents, sufficient to hold all the people, being one for each\\ntything. They landed their bedding and other little necessaries, and all the\\npeople lay on shore. The ground they encamped upon is the edge of the river\\nwhere the Key is intended to be.\\nUntil the 7th was spent in making a Crane, and unlading the goods which\\ndone, Mr. Oglethorpe divided the people employing part in clearing the land\\nfor seed, part in beginning the palisade, and the remainder in felling of trees\\nwhere the Town is to stand.\\nColonel Bull arrived here, with a message from the General Assembly to Mi.\\nOglethorpe, and a letter from his Excellency Governour Johnson and the Council,\\nacquainting him that the two Houses, upon a conference, had agreed to give\\nthe Colonists all the assistance in their power.\\nOn the 9th day, Mr. Oglethorpe and Colonel Bull marked out the Square, the", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0364.jp2"}, "363": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY. 321\\nStreets, and forty Lots for houses of the town and the first House (which was\\nordered to be made of clap-boards) was begun that day.\\nThe town lies on the south side of the river Savannah, upon a flat on the top\\nof a hill, and sixty yards of it is reserved between it and the Key. The river\\nwashes the foot of the hill, which stretches along the side of it about a mile, and\\nforms a terrace forty feet perpendicular above high water.\\nFrom the Key, looking eastward, you may discover the river as far as the\\nislands in the sea and westward, one may see it wind through the woods above\\nsix miles. The river is one thousand feet wide the water fresh, and deep\\nenough for sloops of seventy tons to come up close to the side of the Key.\\nThe following is a copy of the Assembly s resolutions, in regard to\\nthe assistance to be given to Mr. Oglethorpe\\nThe Committee of his Majesty s Honourable Council, appointed to confer with\\na Committee of the Lower House, on his Excellency s message relating to the\\narrival of the Hon. James Oglethorpe. Esq., report\\nThat agreeable to his Majesty s instructions to his Excellency, sent down to-\\ngether with the said message, we are unanimously of opinion that all due coun-\\ntenance and encouragement ought to be given to the settling of the Colony of\\nGeorgia. And for that end, your Committee apprehend it necessary that his\\nExcellency be desired to give orders and directions that Capt. McPherson, to-\\ngether with fifteen of the Rangers, do forthwith repair to the new settlement of\\nGeorgia, to cover and protect Mr. Oglethorpe, and those under his care, from any\\ninsult that may be offered them by the Indians, and that they continue and abide\\nthere till the new settlers have enforted themselves, and for such further time as\\nhis Excellency may think it necessary.\\nThat the lieutenant and four men of the Appalachicola garrison be ordered to\\nmarch to the Fort on Cainbahee to join those of the Rangers that remain and\\nthat the Commissary be ordered to find them with provision, as usual.\\nThat his Excellency will please to give directions that the scout-boat at Port\\nRoyal do attend the new settlers as often as his Excellency shall see occasion.\\nThat a present be given Mr. Oglethorpe for the new settlers of Georgia forth-\\nwith, of an hundred head of breeding cattle and five bulls, as also twenty breed-\\ning sows and four boars, with twenty barrels of good and merchantable rice; the\\nwhole to be delivered at the cliLVge of the public, at such place in Georgia as\\nMr. Oglethorpe shall represent.\\nThat peiiaugers be provided at the charge of the public to attend Mr. Oglo\\nthorpe at Port Royal, in order to carry the new settlers, arrived in the ship Anne,\\nto Georgia, with their effects, and the artillery and ammunition now on board.\\nThat Colonel Bull be desired to go to Georgia with the Hon. James Oglethorpe.\\nEsq., to aid him with his best advice and assistance in settling the place.\\nOn the 13th of January, 1732-3, the Governor of South Carolina\\npublished in the Charlestown newspaper the following advertisement\\nWhereas I have lately received a power from the Trustees for establishing a\\nColony in that part of Carolina between the livers Alatamaha and Savannah,\\n21", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0365.jp2"}, "364": {"fulltext": "322 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OP GEORGIA.\\nnow granted by his Majesty s Charter to the said Trustees, by the name of the\\nProvince of Georgia, authorizing me to take and receive all such voluntary con-\\ntributions as any of his Majesty s good subjects of this Province shall voluntarily\\ncontribute towards so good and charitable a work as the relieving poor and in-\\nsolvent debtors, and settling, establishing, and assisting any poor Protestants, of\\nwhat nation soever, as shall be willing to settle in the said Colony j and whereas\\nthe said intended settlement will, in all human appearance, be a great, strength-\\nening and security to this Province, as well as a charitable and pious work, and\\nworthy to be encouraged by all pious and good Christians: I have therefore\\nthought fit to publish and make known to all such pious and well-disposed per-\\nsons as are wdling to promote so good a work, that I have ordered and directed\\nMr. Jesse Badenhop to receive all such subscriptions or sums of money as shall\\nbe by them subscribed or paid in for the uses and purposes aforesaid which\\nsums of money (be they great or small) I promise them shall be faithfully re-\\nmitted to the Trustees by the aforesaid charter appointed, together with the\\nnames of the subscribers, which will by them be published every year; or. if\\nthey desire their names to be kept secret, the names of the persons by whom\\nthey make the said subscriptions.\\nThe piety and charity of so good an undertaking, I hope will be a sufficient\\ninducement to every person to contribute something to a work so acceptable to\\nGod, as well as so advantageous to this Province. P. Johnson.\\nA Copy of the Letter of the Governor and Council of South Carolina to Mr.\\nOglethorpe.\\nSir We cannot omit the first opportunity of congratulating you on your safe\\narrival in this Province, wishing you all imaginable success in your charitable\\nand generous undertaking; in which we beg leav^ to assure you that any assist-\\nance we can give shall not be wanting in the promotion of the same.\\nThe General Assembly having come to the resolutions inclosed, we hope you\\nwill accept it as an instance of our sincere intentions to forward so good a work;\\nand of our attachment to a person who has at all times so generously used his\\nendeavours to relieve the poor, and deliver them out of their distress in which\\nyou have hitherto been so successful, that we are persuaded this undertaking\\ncannot fail under your prudent conduct, which we most heartily wish for.\\nThe Rangers and scout-boats are ordered to attend you as soon as possible.\\nColonel Bull, a gentleman of this Board, and who we esteem most capable to as-\\nsist you in the settling of your new Colony, is desired to deliver you this, and to\\naccompany you, and render you the best services he is capable of, and is one\\nwhose integrity you may very much depend on.\\nWe are. with the greatest respect and esteem,\\nSir, your most obedient, humble servants,\\nRobert Johnson, James Kinlock,\\nThomas Broughton, John Fenwicke,\\nAl. Middleton, Thomas Waring,\\nA. Skeene, J. Hammerton.\\nFra. Younge,\\nCouncil Chamber, 2Qth Jan., 1733.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0366.jp2"}, "365": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY. 323\\nExtract of a Letter from His Excellency Robert Johnsox, Esq., Governor of South\\nCarolina, to Benjamin Martyn, Esq., Secretary to the Trustees, c.\\nCharlestown, Feb. 12, 1733.\\nSir\u00e2\u0080\u0094 I have received the favour of yours, dated the 20th of October, and the\\nduplicate of the 24th. I beg you will assure the Honourable Trustees of my\\nhumble respects, and that I will attach myself to render them and their laudable\\nundertaking- all the service in my power.\\nMr. Oglethorpe arrived here with his people, in good health, the 13th of\\nJanuary. I ordered him a pilot, and in ten hours he proceeded to Port Royal,\\nwhere he arrived safe the 19th; and I understand from thence, that, after re-\\nfreshing his people a little in our barracks, he, with all expedition, proceeded to\\nYamacraw, upon Savannah River, about twelve miles from the sea, where he\\ndesigns to fix those he has brought with him.\\nJ do assure you, that upon the first news I had of this embarkation, I was not\\nwanting in giving the necessary orders for their reception; and, being assisted\\nat Port Royal, (although they were here almost as soon as we heard of their de-\\nsign of coming,) not knowing whether Mr. Oglethorpe designed directly there,\\nor would touch here.\\nI am informed he is mighty well satisfied with his reception there, and likes\\nthe country; and that he says things succeed beyond his expectation; but I have\\nnot yet received a letter from him since his being at Port Royal.\\nOur General Assembly meeting three days after his departure, I moved to them\\ntheir assisting this generous undertaking. Both Houses immediately came to the\\nfollowing resolution: That Mr. Oglethorpe should be furnished, at the public ex-\\npense, with one hundred and four breeding cattle, twenty-five hogs, and\\ntwenty barrels of good rice that boats should also be provided, at the public\\ncharge, to transport the people, provisions, and goods, from Port Royal to the\\nplace where he designed to settle that the scout-boats and fifteen of our Rangers,\\n(who are horsemen, and always kept in pay to discover the motions of the In-\\ndians.) should attend to Mr. Oglethorpe, and obey his commands, in order to pro-\\ntect the new settlers from any insults, which I think there is no danger of; and\\nI have given the necessary advice and instructions to our out garrisons, and the\\nIndians in friendship with us, that they may befriend and assist them.\\nI have likewise prevailed on Colonel Bull, a member of the Council, and a\\ngentleman of great probity and experience in the affairs of this Province, the\\nnature of land, and the method of settling, and who is well acquainted with the\\nmanner of the Indians, to attend Mr. Oglethorpe to Georgia, with our compli-\\nments, and to offer him advice and assistance and, had not our Assembly been\\nsitting, I would have gone myself.\\nI received the Trustees commission, for the honour of which I beg you will\\nthank them. I heartily wish all imaginable success to this good work, and am,\\nSir, Your most humble servant,\\nRobert Johnson.\\nP. S. Since writing the above, I have had the pleasure of hearing from Mr.\\nOglethorpe, who gives me an account that his undertaking goes on very suc-\\ncessfully.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0367.jp2"}, "366": {"fulltext": "324 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA\\nEffects received in America for the use of the Colony of Georgia at the times\\nand from the several ])ersons hereafter mentioned*\\n1732. January. Periaugers were provided at the charge of the public, pur-\\nsuant to a resolution of the General Assembly of South Carolina,, to carry the\\nnew settlers to Georgia, with their effects, and the artillery and ammunition on\\nboard the ship Anne, then at Port Royal.\\nFebruary. Colonel Bull came to Savannah with four labourers, and assisted the\\ncolony for a month, ne himself measuring the scantling and setting out the work\\nfor the sawyers, and giving the proportion of the houses; and also gave the work\\nof his four servants for the said month. Capt. McPherson, with fifteen of the\\nHangers, pursuant to a resolution of the General Assembly of South Carolina,\\ncovered and protected the new settlers until they enforted themselves, and as\\nthey had occasion. The scout-boat at Port Royal attended the new settlers as\\noccasion required, pursuant to a resolution of the General Assembly of South\\nCarolina. Tweiny barrels of rice were sent to the colony, by order of the said\\nAssembly. Mr. Bellinger, at Purysburgh, by order of the said Assembly, deliv-\\nered to the colony 58 cows, with their calves, and 4 bulls, making together 120\\nhead of cattle.\\nMr. Whitaker and his friends sent the colony 100 head of cattle. Mr. St. Ju-\\nlian came to Savannah and stayed a month, directing the people in building\\ntheir houses and other works. Mr. Barlow and Mr. Woodward came to Savan-\\nnah to assist the new settlers. Mr. Hume gave a silver boat and spoon for the\\nfirst child born in Georgia, which being born of Mrs. Close, were given\\naccordingly.\\nMarch. Mr. Joseph Bryan himself, with four of his sawyers, gave two months\\nwork to the colony. The inhabitants of Edistow sent sixteen sheep to the colony.\\nMr. Barnwell sent four sheep to the colony. Mr. Hammerton gave a drum.\\nColonel Bull came to Savannah with several of his relations, and sixteen ser-\\nvants belonging to himself and family, while Mr. Oglethorpe was at Charlestown,\\nand gave a month s work.\\n1733. April. Captain Odingsell and Mr. Grimball sent four sawyers for four-\\nteen days, and gave their work to the colony. Mr. Thomas Drayton sent a pair\\nof sawyers, and Mrs. Anne Drayton sent two pair of sawyers in the colony one\\nmonth; their labour, valued at \u00c2\u00a360 South Carolina currency, was part of the\\nsubscription in St. Andrew s Parish.\\nMay. Mr. Whitaker and his friends gave fifty head of cattle to the colony.\\nJuly. Colonel Bull and Mr. Bryan came to Savannah to assist, with twenty\\nservants, whose labour they gave to the colony.\\n1734. April. Captain Odingsell and the other inhabitants of Edistow gave fifty\\nmore head of cattle. His Excellency Robert Johnson, Esq., gave the colony\\nseven horses, value \u00c2\u00a325 South Carolina currency each.\\nExtract from a report of the Committee appointed to examine into the proceedings\\nof the people of Georgia with respect to the Province of South Carolina, and the dis-\\nputes subsisting between the two colonies. Charlestown Printed by Lewis Timothy.\\n1737.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0368.jp2"}, "367": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY.\\n325\\nKnowing it to be important to obtain the consent of the Indians to\\nthe settlement of his colony, Oglethorpe sought an interview with\\nTomo Chachi, the Mico, or Chief, of a small tribe who resided at a\\nplace called Yamacraw, three miles up the river. By means of an\\nIndian woman named Musgrove, who had married a Carolina trader,\\nand who understood the English language, he was able to communi-\\ncate with the Indians. A general meeting of the chiefs was called\\nat Savannah, at which Oglethorpe informed them that the English\\nhad no intention of dispossessing the natives of their land, c.\\nPresents were distributed, and a treaty of peace and amitv was\\nentered into.\\nTOMO CHACHI,\\nMico, or King, of Yamacraw; and his nepkeu-, Tooanahowi, son 0/ his brother, King of Etiahitas.\\nPainted by Verilst. Engraved at Augsburgh by J. J. Kleinsmidt, after the London original. Oglethorpe\\ncarried both to England, where the above portraits were painted. Tomo Chachi died in 1739, aged 97,\\nand teas buried in Court-House Square, at Savannah.\\nOn the 7th of May, 1734, General Oglethorpe set sail for England,\\naccompanied by Tomo Chachi and Scenawki, his wife, and Tooanaho-\\nwi, his nephew by Hillispilli, the war chief, Apakowlski, Stimalchi,\\nSinlouchi, and Hinguithi, five chiefs of the Creek Nation and by\\nUmphichi, a chief from Palachocolas, with their interpreter.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0369.jp2"}, "368": {"fulltext": "326 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nThe following is an account of their visit, extracted from an English\\nperiodica]\\nAugust 1. This day at one o clock, Sir Clement Cotterel, attended by three\\nof his Majesty s coaches, with six horses each, came to the Trustees Office, for\\nGeorgia, in Old Palace Yard, and proceeded from thence with the Indian King,\\nQueen, and Chiefs, and the interpreter, to Kensington Palace, where his Majesty\\nreceived him seated on his throne in the Presence Chamber; and Tomo Chachi,\\nMico or King of Yamacraw, made the following speech:\\nThis day I see the majesty of your face, the greatness of your house, and the\\nnumber of your people. I am come for the good of the whole nation, called\\nthe Creeks, to renew the peace which long ago they had with the English I am\\ncome over in my old days. Though I cannot live to see any advantage to my-\\nself, 1 am come for the good of the children of all the nations of the Upper and\\nof the Lower Creeks, that they may be instructed in the knowledge of the Eng-\\nlish.\\nThese are the feathers of the eagle, which is the swiftest of birds, and who\\nflieth all round our nations. These feathers are a sign of peace in our land, and\\nhave been carried from town to town there and we have brought them over to\\nleave with you, great King, as a sign of everlasting peace.\\ngreat King, whatsoever words you shall say unto me, I will tell faithfully\\nto all the kings of the Creek nations.\\nTo which his Majesty gave this answer:\\nI am glad of this opportunity of assuring you of my regard for the people from\\nwhom you came, and am extremely well pleased with the assurances you have\\nbrought me from them, and accept very graciously this present, as an indication of\\ntheir good disposition to me and my people. I shall always be ready to cultivate\\na good correspondence between them and my own subjects, and shall be glad of\\nany occasion to show you a mark of my particular friendship and esteem.\\nThey were afterwards introduced to her Majesty, to whom Tomo Chachi made\\nthe following speech\\nI am glad to see this day, and the opportunity of seeing the mother of this\\ngreat people.\\nAs our people are joined with your Majesty s, we do humbly hope to find you\\nthe common mother and the protectress of us and all our children.\\nTo which her Majesty returned a most gracious answer.\\nThey were very importunate to appear at Court in the manner they go in their\\nown country, which is only with a proper covering round their waist, all the rest\\nof their body being naked but Mr. Oglethorpe, whom they reverence as their\\nfather, recommending to them the dress they have at present, they declined any\\nfurther solicitations. Their faces were painted in a surprising manner, some half\\nblack, others triangular, and others with bearded arrows instead of whiskers.\\nTomo Chachi, the Chief, and Scenawki, his wife had on scarlet garments, adorned\\nwith fur and gold lace two others were in blue, and three more in yellow, with\\nfur. All of them wore their own Indian shoes and boots, and had their heads\\ndressed with feathers.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0370.jp2"}, "369": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY. 327\\nAugust 2. This night, died at his apartments in Little Arabrey, West-\\nminster, one of the Indian Chiefs, brother to the queen. The particular manner\\nof burying him in the burying-ground of St. John the Evangelist, in the Horse\\nFerry Road, according to the custom of the Kings and inhabitants of Karakee\\nCreeks, was as follows, viz.: the deceased being sewed up in two blankets, with\\none deal board under and another over him, and tied down with a cord, w r as\\nplaced upon a bier, and carried to the place of interment. There were only pre-\\nsent, at the time of his being put into the grave, the Emperor Tomo, some of his\\ndomestics, the Upper Churchwarden of the Parish, and the grave-digger.\\nWhen the corpse was laid in the earth, without any rites or ceremony, the cloths\\nof the deceased were thrown into the grave; after this a quantity of glass beads\\nwere cast in, and then some pieces of silver. For the custom of these Indians\\nis to bury all their effects with them.\\nAugust 17. The Archbishop of Canterbury sent his barge to wait on Tomo\\nChachi, Mico, or King of Yamacraw, and the rest of the Indians, in which they\\nwent to Putney, being engaged to dine at Lady Dutry s, where they were enter-\\ntained in a very handsome manner.\\nTomo Chachi made a compliment to Lady Dutry. on his taking leave of her,\\nin which he said could he but speak English he could tell her the thoughts of\\nhis heart, and how sensibly he was touched with the noble reception she had\\ngiven him, and was much more pleased at being able to see and thank her for\\nhaving assisted in sending the white people to Georgia.\\nThey next waited on his Grace the Archbishop, at Lambeth, who received\\nthem with the utmost kindness, and expressed his fatherly concern for the igno-\\nrance they were in with respect to Christianity; his strong desire for their in-\\nstruction, and great satisfaction at the probability of the door being now opened\\ntowards it. His Grace, notwithstanding his present weakness, would stand up\\nthe Mico perceiving it to be uneasy to him, insisted upon his sitting down,\\nwhich his Grace excusing, the Mico omitted speaking what he intended, and\\nonly desired his Grace s blessing, acquainting him that what he had further to\\nsay he would speak to the Rev. Dr. Lynch, his Grace s son-in-law and then\\nwithdrew. He had a conference with the Rev. Dr. Lynch, and expressed his\\ngreat satisfaction at the venerable appearance of his Grace, and the tenderness\\nhe expressed towards him. After the Mico returned, he showed great joy, be-\\nlieving some good persons would be sent to them to instruct their youth.\\nSeptember 16. The Indians from Georgia went to Eaton College, and were re-\\nceived by Dr. George, Dr. Berriman. and the rest of the Fellows present they\\nwent into the school-room, among the scholars, where Tomo Chachi begged them\\nan holiday, desiring it might be when the Dr. thought most proper, which caused\\na general huzza in the school. They were shown the several apartments in this\\nCollege, and afterwards went to Windsor, where they were kindly received, and\\nafter having seen the royal apartments there, went to St. George s Chapel, where\\nthe Prebendaries present named Dr. Maynard to compliment the Mico from the\\nDean and Chapter. They went to Hampton Court the next day, saw the royal\\napartments there, and walked in the gardens, where was a great concourse of\\npeople to see them.\\nNovember 1. On the 30th past, Tomo Chachi, Mico, or King of Yamacraw,", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0371.jp2"}, "370": {"fulltext": "328 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nand his Queen, Scenawki, Tooanahowi, and his other Indian Chiefs, set out in one\\nof the King s coaches for Gravesend, where they arrived the same day, and the\\nnext day went on board the Prince of Wales, bound for Georgia. They express-\\ned great satisfaction at the treatment they had met with in England, and at the\\npower and greatness of the King and nation. They were mighty desirous of re-\\nturning to their own country, and at the same time showed a great deal of tender-\\nness at parting with Mr. Oglethorpe, who took leave of them on board the ship.\\nThe Mico, among other things, said that he would show his gratitude to the\\nKing of England for all the favours he had received here, by loving and assist-\\ning the English people in Georgia. The ship set sail a little after midnight, with a\\nfair wind. The Saltzburghers were on board the same ship, as also some Eng-\\nlish gentle^men with foreign servants, who intend to settle in Georgia. The\\nTrustees encourage the people to take foreigners for servants, since thereby the\\nKing s subjects are increased, and no labouring hands are taken from England.\\nAbout this time a company of forty Israelites landed in Savannah.\\nReference is made to them in the minutes of the Trustees, from which\\nthe following extracts are given\\nPalace Court September 21, 1732. Commissions were desired by Thomas\\nFrederick, Mr. Anthony da Costa, Fiancis Salvador, and Alvaro Lopez Suaso, to\\ntake subscriptions and collect money for the purposes of the Charter. Granted.\\nJanuary 31, 1732-3. Ordered, That the Secretary do wait upon Mr. Salvador,\\nSuaso, and Costa, with the following message in writing\\nWhereas, commissions were granted to the said persons to collect such moneys\\nas should be contributed for establishing the Colony of Georgia, in America, and\\nto transmit the same to the Trustees, by them to be applied to the purposes in\\ntheir charter mentioned; and the Trustees being informed that certain expecta-\\ntions have from thence been raised, contrary to their intentions, which may be of\\nill consequence to their said designs therefore, to obviate any difficulty that\\nmay attend the same, they desire the said persons will redeliver to Mr. Martyn,\\ntheir Secretary, the said commissions.\\nFebruary 7, 1732-3. Secretary acquainted the Board that he had waited upon\\nthe above persons.\\nDecember, 1733. Ordered, That the Secretary do wait on Messrs. Lopez\\nSuaso, c, with the following message in writing\\nWhereas, a message, dated January 31, 1732-3, was sent for the redelivery of\\ntheir commissions, with which they did not think proper to comply, and which,\\non the said refusal, were vacated by the Trustees; and whereas, the Trustees\\nare informed that, by moneys raised by virtue of their commissions, which moneys\\nought to have been transmitted to the Trustees, certain Jews have been sent to\\nGeorgia, contrary to the intentions of the Trustees, and which may be of ill con-\\nsequence to the colony the Trustees do hereby require the said persons to im-\\nmediately redeliver to Mr. Maityn, their Secretary, the said commissions, and to\\nrender an account in writing to the Trustees of what moneys have been raised\\nby virtue thereof, and if they refuse to comply with this demand, that then the\\nTrustees will think themselves obliged not only to advertise the world of the\\ndemand and refusal of the said persons to deliver the commissions and accounts,", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0372.jp2"}, "371": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY. 329\\nand of the misapplication before mentioned, in order to prevent any further\\nimpositions on his Majesty s subjects, under pretence of an authority granted by\\nthose vacated commissions, but likewise to recover these commissions, and de-\\nmand an account of the moneys collected, in such manner as their Council shall\\nadvise.\\nDecember 29, 1733. Read a letter from Lopez in answer to the message, and\\nSecretary ordered to deliver the message.\\nThe Trustees for establishing the Colony of Georgia in America received a\\nletter from said persons, in answer to a message sent for their commissions,\\nwhich letter does not appear satisfactory to the said Trustees; they think them-\\nselves obliged not only to insist on the redelivery of their commissions, but as\\nthey cannot conceive but the settling of Jews in Georgia will be prejudicial\\nto the colony, and as some have been sent without the knowledge of the\\nTrustees, the Trustees do likewise require that the said persons, or whoever else\\nmay have been concerned in sending them over, to use their utmost endeavours\\nthat the said Jews be removed from the Colony of Georgia, as the best and only\\nsatisfaction they can give to the Trustees for such an indignity offered to gen-\\ntlemen acting under his Majesty s charter.\\nJanuary 19. The Secretary acquainted the Trustees that he had called upon\\nsaid persons, and delivered to the Board their commissions.\\nThe remains of Whitefield s Orphan House are about nine miles\\nfrom Savannah. The following account of the Orphan House is\\ntaken from a pamphlet printed in the year 1746, entitled, A Brief\\nAccount of the Rise, Progress, and Present Situation of the Orphan\\nHouse in Georgia, in a letter to a friend, by George Whitefield, A. B.,\\nlate of Pembroke College, Oxon\\nRomans xii. 17 l: Provide things honest in the sight of all men.\\nBethesda, in Georgia, March 21, 1745-6.\\nSome have thought that the erecting such a building was only the produce of\\nmy own brain; but they are much mistaken for it was first proposed to me by\\nmy dear friend, the Rev. Mr. Charles Wesley, who, with his excellency General\\nOglethorpe, had concerted a scheme for carrying on such a design before I had\\nany thoughts of going abroad myself. It was natural to think that as the\\nGovernment intended this Province for the refuge and support of many of out-\\npoor countrymen, that numbers of such adventurers must necessarily be taken\\noff, by being exposed to the hardships which unavoidably attend a new settle-\\nment. I thought it, therefore, a noble design in the General to erect a house for\\nfatherless children and believing such a provision for orphans would be some\\ninducement with many to come over, I fell in with the design, when mentioned\\nto me by my friend, and was resolved, in the strength of God, to prosecute it\\nwith all my might. This was mentioned to the honourable the Trustees. They\\ntook it kindly at my hands, and as I then began to be pretty popular at Bristol\\nand elsewhere, they wrote to the Bishop of Bath and Wells for leave for me to\\npreach a charity sermon on this occasion in the Abbey Church. This was\\ngranted, and I accordingly began immediately to compose a suitable discourse.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0373.jp2"}, "372": {"fulltext": "330 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nBut knowing my first stay at Georgia would necessarily be short, on account of\\nmy returning again to take Priest s orders, I thought it most prudent first to go\\nand see for myself, and defer prosecuting the scheme till I came home.\\nWhen I came to Georgia, I found many poor orphans who, though taken notice\\nof by the Honourable Trustees, yet, through the neglect of persons that acted\\nunder them, were in miserable circumstances. For want of a house to breed\\nthem up in, the poor little ones were tabled out here and there others were at\\nhard services, and likely to have no education at all.\\nUpon seeing this, and finding that his Majesty and Parliament had the interest\\nof the colony much at heart, I thought I could not better show my regard to God\\nand my country than by getting a house and land for these children, where they\\nmight learn to labour, read and write, and at the same time be brought up in the\\nnurture and admonition of the Lord. Accordingly, at my return to England, in\\nthe year 1738, to take Priest s orders, I applied to the Honourable Society for a\\ngrant of five hundred acres of land, and laid myself under an obligation to build\\na house upon it, and to receive from time to time as many orphans as the land\\nand stock would maintain. As I had always acted like a clergyman of the\\nChurch of England, having preached in a good part of the London churches,\\nand but a few months before collected near a thousand pounds sterling for the\\nchildren belonging to the Charity Schools in London and Westminster, it was\\nnatural to think that I might now have the use at least of some of these churches\\nto preach in for the orphans, hereafter more immediately to be committed to my\\ncare. But by that time I had taken Priest s orders, the spirit of the clergy began\\nto be much embittered. Churches were gradually denied me and I must let\\nthis good design drop, and thousands (and I might add ten thousands) go without\\nhearing the word of God, or preach in the fields. Indeed, two churches, one, in\\nLondon, viz., Spitalfields, and one in Bristol, viz., St. Philip s and Jacob,\\nwere lent me upon this occasion, but those were all. I collected for the Orphan\\nHouse in Moorfields two-and-fifty pounds one Sabbath day morning, twenty-two\\npounds of which were in copper. In the afternoon I collected again at Ken-\\nnington Common, and continued to do so at most of the places where I preached.\\nBesides this, two or three of the Bishops and several persons of distinction con-\\ntributed, until at length, having gotten about a thousand and ten pounds, I gave\\nover collecting, and went with what I had to Georgia. At that time multitudes\\noffered to accompany me but I chose to take over only a surgeon and a few\\nmore of both sexes, that f thought would be useful in carrying on my design.\\nMy dear fellow-traveller, William Seward, Esq., also joined with them. Our\\nfirst voyage was to Philadelphia, where I was willing to go for the sake of lay-\\ning in provision. I laid out in London a good part of the thousand pounds for\\ngoods, and got as much by them in Philadelphia as nearly defrayed the family s\\nexpense of coming over. Here God blessed my ministry daily\\nJanuary following. 1739, I met my family at Georgia, and being unwilling to\\nlose any time, I hired a large house and took in all the orphans I could find in\\nthe colony. A great many, also, of the town s children came to school gratis,\\nand many poor people that could not maintain their children, upon application\\nhad leave given them to send their little ones, for a month or two, or more as\\nthey could spare them, till at length my family consisted of between sixty and", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0374.jp2"}, "373": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY. 331\\nseventy. Most of the orphans were in poor case and three or four almost eat\\nup with lice. I likewise erected an infirmary, in which many sick people were\\ncured and taken care of gratis. I have now by me a list of upwards of a hun-\\ndred and thirty patients, which were under the surgeon s hands, exclusive of my\\nown private family. About March I began the great house, having only about\\none hundred and fifty pounds in cash. I called it Bethesda, because I hoped it\\nwould be a house of mercy to many souls. Many boys have been put out to\\ntrades, and many girls put out to service. I had the pleasure the other day of\\nseeing three boys work at the house in which they were bred, one of them out\\nof his time, a journeyman, and the others serving under their masters. One that\\nI brought from New-England is handsomely settled in Carolina and another from\\nPhiladelphia is married, and lives very comfortably in Savannah. We have\\nlately begun to use the plough; and next year I hope to have many acres of good\\noats and barley. We have near twenty sheep and lambs, fifty head of cattle, and\\nseven horses. We hope to kill a thousand weight of pork this season. Our gar-\\nden is very beautiful, furnishes us with all sorts of greens, c, c. We have plenty\\nof milk, eggs, poultry, and make a good deal of butter weekly. A good quantity\\nof wool and cotton have been given me, and we hope to have sufficient spun and\\nwove for the next winter s clothing. If the vines hit, we may expect two or\\nthree hogsheads of wine out of the vineyard. The family now consists of twenty-\\nsix persons. Two of the orphan boys are blind, one is little better than an idiot.\\nI have two women to take care of the household work, and three men and two\\nboys employed about the plantation and cattle. A set of Dutch servants has\\nbeen lately sent over. The magistrates were pleased to give me two and I took\\nin a poor widow, aged near seventy, whom nobody else cared to have. A valu-\\nable young man from New-England is my schoolmaster, and in my absence per-\\nforms duty in the family. On Sabbaths the grown people attend on public wor-\\nship at Savannah, or at White Bluff, a village near Bethesda, where a Dutch\\nminister officiates. The house is a noble, commodious building, and everything\\nsweetly adapted for bringing up youth. Georgia is very healthy; not above one,\\nand that a little child, has died out of our family since it removed to Bethesda.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0375.jp2"}, "374": {"fulltext": "332\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nO\\n25\\nQ\\nH\\nQ\\nW\\no\\nt)\\na\\nQ\\n(23\\nj\\nQ\\nH\\n5zj\\n33\\n\u00c2\u00a33tf\\n3\u00c2\u00a7\\nc5\\nBH\\n\u00c2\u00abg\\na 1\\nWW\\nO\\nQ\\na\\nPh\\no\\nw\\nH\\no\\nH\\no\\no\\n1\\nJo S\\nr-J\\n4 fe\\n5\\nS\\n5 P\\n(5 o\\n5 n\\nP 1 a\\nS3 (3 3\\nA\\nt- O\\n-1\\nsap\\ns~\\na a\\ns\\n2 -a\\n\u00c2\u00b12 2\\n03\\nc\\nOS O\\n.O B\\nr.\\nsi-\\njz\\nA\\nc =s\\nCU\\nJ3\\nh\\nTl\\nT*\\nS\u00c2\u00a3\\nP\\nH\\nM\\n.o\\nS]\u00c2\u00ab\\nfe H O\\nCO OS o", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0376.jp2"}, "375": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY.\\n333\\nII\\nK-* a\\na\\n8 3\\n2 t\u00c2\u00a3H\\nc m\\ncs 3 3\\no\\na\\nuse\\ntor\\ntea\\n1 la\\nuse\\no\\nthe he\\nended\\nsts in\\nins, an\\nthe ho\\nd\\nP^*;fl\\nT 8 tj)T\\nSz;\\nS5-\u00e2\u0080\u0094 r~~ S3\\nJ J ,a\\nizi Szi !zi\\no\\na jz;\\nCO \u00c2\u00abi w\\nS-S*f\\ni-H rl to t* 00\\n5\\no 5\\nw t\\n=o\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2a b\\ni O\\nS S?. 3 2\\nN M CN OJ.\\nMl\\nOS O i-H\\nCM CO CO\\nS i\\ni\\nfir.\\n\u00c2\u00a3X\\nsi\\nCO\\n3\\nHri\\nw\\ne\\ns\\n.3\\nO\\ns\\n3\u00c2\u00ab o\\n05 13 3\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2sfc E\\n8\\nOS\\no\\nc\\nC9\\n3\\no\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a02 =2 o\\no\\nCS S\\nw\\n5^3\\n3 a\\n13\\ne\\n5\\nJl\\nej 03\\n.B\\na\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0a\\n3\\ns\\n\u00c2\u00a303\\nc\\noof\\n3 OJ\\n3\\nc i\\no\\nf\\no\\n3\\n5\\ncs\\na\\n5 1*\\no\\na\\nfc C\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2S =8\\nH\\nS\\ni\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a07\\nC\\n|2\\n!zi -v-\\n3\\nO\\nT3\\nd\\n3\\ng\\nc\\n03\\nS3\\n3\\n3 \u00c2\u00abJ\\ns\\n3\\n3 3\\n1-5\\nPa\\no\\n7\\nOS O J\\ne e 5\\nCO\\nt-\\nof\\n-a)\\n1\\nj\\nC\\n1 1\\nx a\\n03 03 3\\no\\n1 w\\nFH\\n3\\n3\\nOS\\n3 os\\n\u00c2\u00bb-s *s l\u00c2\u00bbt\\na\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00ba5\\na\\nS 03\\nJ3 .3\\nJ3\\nX! Si\\n00\\nOl\\nW\\nai\\no\\nh!\\n03\\n3 3\\ns\\n3\\n3\\n3 3\\n\u00c2\u00ab1\\na\\nO\\nCS\\nN\\nO\\nIT\\nCO C5\\nw\\n8\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0e 2\\nPm\\n,\u00c2\u00a32 aJ\\nM\\ns\\n1\\n-9\\n|3\\ns\\n03\\n3\\n3 I\\n03 g\\nS 00\\ni-\\ng|\\nk_\\n_\\nA_\\na S\\nv\\na\\ns\\n.a\\na\\n,g\\n3\\nS 3\\nI S T\\nB-a s\u00c2\u00ab|\\na\\ng\\na\\n3 O-S\\n,3\\nn\\n13 S\\nrt\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a25\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0z\\n3\\no\\nz\\ni 1\\nj5\u00c2\u00ab\\nt3\\n\u00c2\u00a322 g gi\\n5\\n3\\nO\\nu\\na\\no\\no\\nes\\n03\\n02\\nt\\nc\\n7\\nJohn Millidge,\\nPeter Joubert,\\n3\\n1\\nHer parents\\nj Gate, near\\nEev. Mr. McCl\\nN. B.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A per\\nservod the- Orpliun\\n3\\n3\\nt\\nfc\\nM\\ni fcD\\n3\\n3\\nu\\nu\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2a\\n.3\\ni 1 1\\n2 m 3\\n2\\nM\\n3.\\n3\\ni\\n3 1 a\\n3\\nc\\no\\nP\\n3\\nS\\ni I g\\n3 fo\\n3\\n-_\\ni.\\n1 J\\n3\\nj a g\\n5 S\\nc\\n3 i-l CM\\nS CO CO\\n00\\nc", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0377.jp2"}, "376": {"fulltext": "334\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\ne s -O\\nc\u00c2\u00ab o fe\\nB o o\\na \u00e2\u0096\u00a0a\\nS 3 S o\\no P\u00c2\u00bb-J\\nK -g\\n05\\nd\\nSi 2\\n3\\no3\\n*S S-2J3 -fe\\ng aa g a\\ng E 5 lS \u00c2\u00ab5\\nn S 5= S 5 5\\nSW M f\\nS 53.3\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0a 5 J\\ni- b\\nC3*~\\nH g 2\\ni\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Ol\\nrH\\n1 S\\n-f o\\n13 rH t-\\nt 5 3 q\\np, S js\\no 3 Si\\nis z? c\\nw\\nCO CO CO CO O\\na is\\na o\\nC3 u\\nCO =3\\nH\\nIn\\nCO \u00c2\u00ab2 CO CO CO CO\\nt S*S\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0^T.\\np. 2\\no3\\na S\\nm**\\ni-bOi\\n3$\\nCO t-\\nm a\\na ,3 s\\nc O\\na eg .g t3 .a\\nW h-1 Ph o w\\nO O *C\\n2", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0378.jp2"}, "377": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY.\\n335\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2J3)STUU|00[p\u00c2\u00a3\\najnv siq\\npuB }uapua}imadiig\\nSjapjBog\\napjma^i\\nII ni\\nA\\\\opu\\\\ pa^B ny 3\\nop eiBnraj\\nS1UBA g\\n-jas apstu pa^uapujU\\n-siaunoqBi paJiHuT snsqdjo ap. j\\\\[lgg\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2asnoq aq} in aio^j\\n101 II\u00c2\u00abni\\nSI asnoq oqi ui q^s a.iu qatqAV\\njo OMj aoiiwanpa puu pjBoq Jiaq} joj\\nuouavjsuvs apBiu suonBia.i asoqAY uaapuqQ\\n9VaJBuiaj\\nS3 apnu sjuajBd psq oq.u najpuqo jooj\\nsiiBqiljo a[Binaj;\\nsuBqdio a[Bj^\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2uajp|iqajo aaqmnu a[oqA\\\\ aqj,\\nasnoq aqj ib sjapjBoq A\\\\an oavj pno noiiaBjst]BS\u00c2\u00a7ni^Bia spnauj jo sjuajud jiaqi pauopuata\\na.iu ubw asnoq oqj in uopBanpa paAtaaaj oqAv ajoui naa^aiq; uaaq 9.\\\\m\\\\ a-iaqj, aioj i", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0379.jp2"}, "378": {"fulltext": "336 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nThunderbolt is five miles southeast of Savannah. According to\\nGeneral Oglethorpe s account of Carolina and Georgia, this place re-\\nceived its name from the fall of a thunderbolt, and a spring there-\\nupon arose in that place, which still smells of the bolt.\\nBeaulieu, about twelve miles from Savannah, was formerly the resi-\\ndence of Colonel William Stephens, celebrated in the early history\\nof the State.\\nBonaventure is four miles from Savannah, known as the seat of\\nGovernor Tattnall, one among the most lovely spots in the world.\\nBrewton s Hill, now the property of Dr. Screven, was the place\\nwhere a portion of the British landed preparatory to their attack upon\\nSavannah in 1778.\\nAt Gibbons plantation, seven or eight miles from Savannah, a bat-\\ntle occurred in 1782, between General Wayne and a body of Creek\\nIndians, commanded by Guristersigo. The Indians fought with\\nmuch spirit, but finally were compelled to fly, leaving Guristersigo\\nand seventeen of his warriors dead upon the field.\\nCherokee Hill, eight miles from Savannah, Hutcheson s Island,\\nopposite to the city, and many other places in this county, are asso-\\nciated with Revolutionary incidents.\\nUnited States Fortifications in Savannah River.: Fort Pu-\\nlaski is situated upon Cockspur Island, fourteen miles from the city.\\nThe site was selected by Major Babcock, of the U. S. Engineer\\nCorps, about twenty years ago, but it was not until 1831 that the\\nwork was commenced in earnest. In that year, Captain Mansfield\\n(now Colonel Mansfield, of the U. S. Engineer Corps) took charge\\nof its erection. The entire cost of the work was near a million of\\ndollars, and was nearly sixteen years in construction. It has been\\npronounced by competent judges to be one of the strongest and most\\nperfect of the kind on the continent.\\nFort Jackson, named after Governor James Jackson, is situated on\\nthe south side of the river, about three miles from the city.\\nJasper Spring, which is about two miles from Savannah, and just\\nwithin the edge of a forest of oaks and gums, derives its name from\\nthe following incident\\nLearning that a number of American prisoners were to be brought\\nfrom Ebenezer to Savannah for trial, Sergeant Jasper determined to\\nrelease them at all hazards. With Sergeant Newton as his compan-\\nion, at this spring, about thirty yards from the main road, he waited\\nthe arrival of the prisoners. When the escort, consisting of a sergeant,\\ncorpora], and eight men, and the prisoners in irons, stopped to refresh\\nthemselves at the spring, two of the guard only remained with the\\ncaptives. The others leaned their guns against the trees, when Jas-\\nper and Newton sprung from their hiding-place, seized the guns,\\nand shot down the two sentinels. The remaining six soldiers were\\ndeterred from making any effort to recover their guns, by threats of\\nimmediate death, and were forced to surrender. The prisoners were", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0380.jp2"}, "379": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY. 337\\nreleaased, and Jasper and Newton, with their redeemed friends and.\\ncaptive foes, crossed the Savannah River and joined the army at Pu-\\nrysburg. j In the disastrous siege of Savannah, the gallant Jasper lost\\nhis life Shortly after the battle of Fort Moultrie, the lady of Colo-\\nnel Bernard Elliott presented an elegant pair of colours to the Second\\nRegiment, to which Jasper was attached. Her address on the occa-\\nsion concluded thus I make not the least doubt, under Heaven s\\nprotection, you will stand by these colours so long as they wave in\\nthe air of liberty. In reply, a promise was made that they should be\\nhonourably supported, and never should be tarnished by the Second\\nRegiment. This engagement was literally fulfilled. Three years af-\\nter they were planted on the British lines at Savannah. One by\\nLieutenant Bush, who was immediately shot down. Lieutenant\\nHume, in the act of planting his, was also shot down and Lieute-\\nnant Gray, in supporting them, received a mortal wound and while\\nJasper was in the act of replacing them, he received a death-shot.\\nAn officer called to see him, to whom he thus spoke I have got\\nmy furlough. That sword was presented to me by Governor Rut-\\nledge, for my services in the defence of Fort Moultrie give it to my\\nfather, and tell him that I have worn it with honour. If he should\\nweep, tell him his son died in the hope of a better life. Tell Mrs.\\nElliott that I lost my life supporting the colours which she presented\\nto our regiment. If you should ever see Jones, his wife and son, tell\\nthem that Jasper is gone, but that the remembrance of the battle\\nwhich he fought for them brought a secret joy to his heart, when it\\nwas about to stop its motion for ever.\\nSavannah was taken by the English in 1779.\\nThe following is the English account of the reduction of Savannah\\nin 1779, contained in a letter addressed by Colonel Campbell to Lord\\nGeorge Germain, dated Savannah, January 16, 1779\\nIn consequence of orders from Sir Henry Clinton, to proceed to Georgia with his\\nMajesty s 71st Regiment of foot, two battalions of Hessians, four battalions of Provin-\\ncials, and a detachment of the Royal Artillery, Colonel Archibald Campbell em-\\nbarked at Sandy Hook on the 27th November. 1778, and arri/ed off the Island of\\nTybee on the 23d December, escorted by a. squadron under the command of Com-\\nmodore Parker. On the 24th, the greatest part of the transports got over the bar\\nand anchored in Savannah River. On the 27th, the balance of Commodore Parker s\\nfleet joined him. During the time occupied in bringing the last division of the\\nfleet over the bar, from the provincial battalions, were formed two corps of light\\ninfantry, the one to be attached to Sir James Baird s light company of the 7lst\\nHighlanders, the other to Captain Cameron s company of the same regiment.\\nHaving no intelligence that could be depended upon with respect to the military\\nforce of Georgia, or the dispositions formed for its defence, Sir James Baird s\\nHighland company of light infantry, in two flat-boats, with Lieutenant Clarke, of\\nthe Navy, was dispatched in the night of the 25th, to seize any of the inhabit-\\nants they might find on the banks of Wilmington River. Two men were taken,\\nfrom whom the enemy derived information which they considered satisfactory, and", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0381.jp2"}, "380": {"fulltext": "338 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\ninduced them to resolve to land the troops the next evening at the plantation of\\nMr. Gerredeaux, twelve miles further up the river, and two miles from the town\\nof Savannah. The Vigilant man-of-war, with the Comet galley, the Keppel armed\\nbrig, and the Greenwich armed sloop, followed by the transports in three divi-\\nsions, in the order established for a descent, proceeded up the river with the tide,\\nat noon. About four o clock in the evening the Vigilant opened the reach to\\nGerredeaux s plantation, and was cannonaded by two American galleys.\\nThe tide and evening being too far spent, and many of the transports having\\ngrounded at the distance of five or six miles below Gerredeaux s plantation, the\\ndescent was delayed until next morning. The first division of troops, consisting\\nof all the light infantry of the army, the New-York volunteers, and the first bat-\\ntalion of the 71st, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Maitland, were\\nlanded at break of day on the river dam in front of Gerredeaux s, from whence a\\nnarrow causeway of six hundred yards in length, with a ditch on each side, led\\nthrough a swamp directly for Gerredeaux s house, which stood upon a bluff about\\nthirty feet high. The light infantry, under Captain Cameron, having first reached\\nthe shore, were formed, and led briskly forward to the bluff, where a body of fifty\\nAmericans were posted, and from whom they received a smart fire of musketry;\\nbut the enemy rushed forward and drove them into the woods, and secured a\\nlanding for the rest of the army. Captain Cameron and two Highlanders were\\nkilled, and five Highlanders wounded. The army of Major-General Howe was\\ndrawn up about half a mile east of the city of Savannah, with several pieces of\\ncannon in their front. The first division of troops, together with one company of\\nthe second battalion of the 71st, the first battalion of Delancey s, the Wellworth,\\nand a part of the Wissenbach regiment of Hessians being landed, Colonel Camp-\\nbell went in pursuit of the Americans, leaving a considerable force to cover the\\nlanding-place. On the troops reaching the road leading to Savannah, the divi-\\nsion of the Wissenbach regiment was posted on the cross-roads, to secure the\\nrear of the army; a thick swamp covered the left of the line of march, and the\\nlight infantry, with the flankers of each corps, effectually covered the cultivated\\nplantations on the right. The troops reached the open country, near Tattnall s\\nplantation, before three o clock in the afternoon, and halted on the road about two\\nhundred paces short of the gate leading to Governor Wright s plantation.\\nThe American army were drawn up across the road, at the distance of eight\\nhundred yards from this gateway. One-half, consisting of Thompson s and\\nHuger s regiments of Carolina troops, were formed under Colonel Huger, with their\\nleft oblique to the road leading to Savannah, their right to a wooded swamp\\ncovered by the houses of Tattnall s plantation, in which some riflemen had been\\nplaced. The other half of the American army, consisting of part of the first,\\nsecond, third, and fourth battalions of the Georgia brigade, was formed under\\nColonel Elbert, with their right to the road, and their left to the rice swamps of\\nGovernor Wright s plantation, with the fort of Savannah bluff behind their left\\nwing, in the style of a second flank: the town of Savannah, round which were\\nthe remains of an old line of intrenchment, covered their rear. One piece of\\ncannon was planted on the right of their line, about one hundred paces in front\\nof the traverse. At a spot between two swamps a trench was cut across the\\nroad and about one hundred yards in front of this trench a marshy rivulet run", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0382.jp2"}, "381": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY. 339\\nalmost parallel the whole extent of their front the bridge of which was burnt\\ndown, to interrupt the passage and retard the progress of the English.\\nColonel Campbell discovered, from the movements of the Americans, that they\\nexpected an attack upon their left, and he was desirous of confirming that expec-\\ntation. Having fallen in with a negro named Quamino Dolly, Colonel Campbell\\ninduced him, by a small reward, to conduct the troops, by a private path through\\nthe swamp, upon the right of the Americans. Colonel Campbell ordered the first\\nbattalion of the 71st to form on his right of the road, and move up to the rear of\\nthe light infantry, whilst he drew off that corps to the right, as if he meant, to\\nextend his front to that quarter, where a fall of ground favoured the concealment\\nof this manoeuvre. Sir James Baird had orders to convey the light infantry to\\nthe hollow ground quite to the rear, and penetrate the swamp upon the enemy s\\nleft, with a view to get round, by the new barracks, into the rear of the enemy s\\nright flank. The New-York volunteers, under Colonel Tumbull, were ordered to\\nsupport him. During the course of this movement, the enemy s artillery were\\nformed in a field on their left of the road, concealed from the Americans by a\\nswell of ground in front, to which Colonel Campbell meant to run them up for\\naction, when the signal was made to engage, and from whence he could either\\nbear advantageously upon the right of the American line as it was then formed,\\nor cannonade any body of troops in flank which they might detach into the\\nwood to retard the progress of the light infantry. Campbell then commenced the\\nattack, and the American line was broken. About one hundred of the Georgia\\nMilitia, under the command of Colonel George Walton, posted at the new bar-\\nracks with some pieces of cannon, were attacked by Sir James Baird, and,\\nafter fighting bravely, were compelled to retreat. The General (Howe) or-\\ndered a general retreat, which was made in great confusion.\\nFew conquests, says McCall, have ever been made with so little loss\\nto the victor. Thirty-eight officers, four hundred and fifteen non-commissioned\\nofficers and privates, one stand of colours, forty-eight pieces of cannon, twenty-\\nthree mortars, ninety-four barrels of powder, the fort, with all its stores, and the\\ncapital of Georgia, fell into the hands of the enemy, without any other loss on\\ntheir part than that of one commissioned officer and two privates killed, one ser-\\ngeant and nine privates wounded. The Americans lost eighty-three killed.\\nMany of the inhabitants of Savannah who were not in this action\\nwere bayoneted in the streets, and those who refused to enlist in the\\nBritish service were placed on board of prison-ships. Among- the\\nprisoners were the Hon. Jonathan Bryan, Rev. Moses Allen, Mr.\\nMordecai Sheftall and Mr. Sheftall Sheftall, Edward Davis, Dr.\\nGeorge Wells, David Moses Vallotton, and James Bryan, son of\\nJonathan Bryan.\\nThe following were the names of the prison-ships and their com-\\nmanders\\nNancy, Captain Samuel Tait.\\nWhitby, Captain Lawson.\\nEleanor, (hospital ship,) Captain Rathbone.\\nThe Munificence, Captain", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0383.jp2"}, "382": {"fulltext": "340 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nAfter the fall of Savannah, Commodore Parker and Colonel Camp-\\nbell issued a proclamation, which induced a considerable number to\\nflock to the royal standard and, having left Colonel Innis Com-\\nmandant of the town of Savannah, Colonel Campbell directed hi\u00c2\u00bb\\ncourse towards Augusta.\\nSheftall Sheftall, Esq., a soldier of the Revolution, died a few\\nyears since, at an advanced age. Our artist has represented him\\ndressed in the costume which he always wore. He was possessed of\\na most extraordinary memory. Nothing afforded him more pleasure\\nthan to communicate information concerning the times that tried\\nmen s souls.\\nWe acknowledge our obligations to one of the members of his\\nfamily for a copy of the narrative of the Capture of Mordecai Shef-\\ntall, Deputy Commissary-General of Issues to the Continental Troops\\nfor the State of Georgia, viz., 1778, December 29th. Mordecai Shef-\\ntall was the father of Sheftall Sheftall, Esq.\\nThis day the British troops, consisting of about three thousand five hundred men,\\nincluding two battalions of Hessians, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel\\nArchibald Campbell, of the 71st regiment of Highlanders, landed early in the\\nmorning at Brewton Hill, two miles below the town of Savannah, where they\\nmet with very little opposition before they gained the height. At about three\\no clock, p. m., they entered, and took possession of the town of Savannah,\\nwhen I endeavoured, with my son Sheftall, to make our escape across Musgrove\\nCreek, having first premised that an intrenchment had been thrown up there in\\norder to cover a retreat, and upon seeing Colonel Samuel Elbert and Major\\nJames Habersham endeavour to make their escape that way; but on our arrival\\nat the creek, after having sustained a very heavy fire of musketry from the light\\ninfantry under the command of Sir James Baird, during the time we were\\ncrossing the Common, without any injury to either of us, we found it high water;\\nand my son, not knowing how to swim, and we, with about one hundred and\\neighty-six officers and privates, being caught, as it were, in a pen, and the", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0384.jp2"}, "383": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY. 341\\nHighlanders keeping up a constant fire on us, it was thought advisable to sur-\\nrender ourselves prisoners, which we accordingly did, and which was no sooner\\ndone than the Highlanders plundered every one amongst us, except Major Low,\\nmyself and son, who, being foremost, had an opportunity to surrender ourselves\\nto the British officer, namely, Lieutenant Peter Campbell, who disarmed us as\\nwe came into the yard formerly occupied by Mr. Moses Nunes. During this\\nbusiness, Sir James Baird was missing; but, on his coming into the yard, he\\nmounted himself on the stepladder which was erected at the end of the house,\\nand sounded his brass bugle-horn, which the Highlanders no sooner heard than\\nthey all got about him, when he addressed himself to them in Highland language,\\nwhen they all dispersed, and finished plundering such of the officers and men as\\nhad been fortunate enough to escape their first search. This over, we were marched\\nin files, guarded by the Highlanders and York Volunteers, who had come up before\\nwe were marched, when we were paraded before Mrs. Goffe s door, on the bay,\\nwhere we saw the greatest part of the army drawn up. From there, after some\\ntime, we were all marched through the town to the court-house, which was very\\nmuch crowded, the greatest part of the officers they had taken being here col-\\nlected, and indiscriminately put together. I had been here about two hours,\\nwhen an officer, who I afterwards learned to be Major Crystie, called for me by\\nname, and ordered me to follow him, which I did, with my blanket and shirt\\nunder my arm, my clothing and my son s, which were in my saddle-bags, having\\nbeen taken from my horse, so that my wardrobe consisted of what I had on my\\nback.\\nOn our way to the white guard-house we met with Colonel Campbell, who\\ninquired of the Major who he had got there. On his naming me to him, he\\ndesired that I might be well guarded, as I was a very great rebel. The Major\\nobeyed his orders, for, on lodging me in the guard-house, he ordered the sentry\\nto guard me with a drawn bayonet, and not to suffer me to go without the reach\\nof it; which orders were strictly complied with, until a Mr. Gild Busier, their\\nCommissary-General, called for me, and ordered me to go with him to my stores,\\nthat he might get some provisions for our people, who, he said, were starving, not\\nhaving eat anything for three days, which I contradicted, as I had victualled\\nthem that morning for the day. On our way to the office where I used to\\nissue the provisions, he ordered me to give him information of what stores I had\\nin town, and what I had sent out of town, and where. This I declined doing,\\nwhich made him angry. He asked me if I knew that Charlestown was taken. I\\ntold him no. He then called us poor, deluded wretches, and said, Good God\\nhow are you deluded by your leaders When I inquired of him who had taken\\nit, and when he said General Grant, with ten thousand men, and that it had been\\ntaken eight or ten days ago. I smiled, and told him it was not so, as I had a letter\\nin my pocket that was wrote in Charlestown but three days ago by my brother.\\nHe replied, we had been misinformed. I then retorted that I found they could be\\nmisinformed by their leaders as well as we could be deluded by ours. This made\\nhim so angry, that when he returned me to the guard-house, he ordered me to\\nbe confined amongst the drunken soldiers and negroes, where I suffered a great\\ndeal of abuse, and was threatened to be run through the body, or, as they termed\\nit, skivered by one of the York Volunteers which threat he attempted to put into", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0385.jp2"}, "384": {"fulltext": "342 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nexecution three times during the night, but was prevented by one Sergeant\\nCampbell.\\nIn this situation I remained two days without a morsel to eat, when\\na Hessian officer named Zaltman, rinding I could talk his language, removed me\\nto his room, and sympathized with me on my situation. He permitted me to\\nsend to Mrs. Minis, who sent me some victuals. He also permitted me to go and\\nsee my son, and to let him come and stay with me. He introduced me to Cap-\\ntain Kappel, also a Hessian, who treated me very politely. In this situation I\\nremained until Saturday morning, the 2d of January, 1779, when the commander,\\nColonel Innis, sent his orderly for me and son to his quarters, which was James\\nHabersham s house, where, on the top of the step, I met with Captain Stanhope,\\nof the Raven sloop of war, who treated me with the most illiberal abuse and,\\nafter charging me with having refused the supplying the King s ships with\\nprovisions, and of having shut the church door, together with many ill-natured\\nthings, ordered me on board the prison-ship, together with my son. I made a\\npoint of giving Mr. Stanhope suitable answers to his impertinent treatment, and\\nthen turned from him, and inquired for Colonel Innis. I got his leave to go to\\nMrs. Minis for a shirt she had taken to wash for me, as it was the only one I\\nhad left, except the one on my back, and that was given me by Captain Kappel,\\nas the British soldiers had plundered both mine and my son s clothes. This\\nfavour he granted me under guard after which I was conducted on board one\\nof the flat-boats, and put on board the prison-ship Nancy, commanded by Cap-\\nfain Samuel Tait, when the first thing that presented itself to my view was one of\\nour poor Continental soldiers laying on the ship s main deck in the agonies of death,\\nand who expired in a few hours after. After being presented to the Captain\\nwith mine and the rest of the prisoners names, I gave him in charge what paper\\nmoney I had, and my watch. My son also gave him his money to take care of.\\nHe appeared to be a little civiller after this confidence placed in him, and per-\\nmitted us to sleep in a state-room that is, the Rev. Moses Allen, myself and son.\\nIn the evening we were served with what was called our allowance, which con-\\nsisted of two pints and a half and a half-gill of rice, and about seven ounces of\\nboiled beef per man. We were permitted to choose our messmates, and I\\naccordingly made choice of Captain Thomas Fineley, Rev. Mr. Allen, Mr. Moses\\nValentonge, Mr. Daniel Flaherty, myself and son, Sheftall Sheftall.\\nAfter the conquest of Grenada, in 1779, Count D Estaing re-\\nceived letters from Governor Rutledge, and Monsieur Plombard, the\\nFrench Consul in Charleston, in which he was urgently requested to\\nvisit the American coast and was also informed that Savannah\\nmight be taken from the English. Having received orders to act\\nin concert with the forces of the United States, the Count sailed for\\nthe American Continent, and arrived early in September.\\nAs soon as his arrival was known, General Lincoln, with the army\\nunder his command, marched for Savannah.\\nVarious accounts have been given of the unsuccessful attempt of\\nthe Count D Estaing and General Lincoln to recover Savannah from", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0386.jp2"}, "385": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY. 343\\nthe British. We believe the principal facts to be correctly stated\\nm the following\\nEnglish Account of the Attack and Repulse at Savannah.\\n(From the London Gazette of December 21, 1779.)\\nAdmiralty Office, December 21.\\nCaptain Christian, of his Majesty s armed ship the Vigilant, arrived here\\nearly this morning with a letter from Captain Henry, of his Majesty s ship\\nFowey, to Mr. Stephens, of which the following is an extract\\nSavannah River, Georgia, November, 8, 1779.\\nI beg you will be pleased to communicate to the Right Honourable my Lords\\nCommissioners of the Admiralty the following important particulars\\nThat the French fleet, under, the Count D Estaing, consisting of twenty sail of\\nthe line, two of fifty guns, and eleven frigates, arrived on this coast the 1 st of\\nSeptember past, from Cape Francois, having on board a large body of troops\\npurposely for the reduction of this Province. They sailed from the Cape on the\\n20th of August, and came through the windward passage, when they dispatched\\ntwo ships of the line and three frigates to Charlestown, to announce their coming\\nand prepare the rebel force by sea and land to join the Count D Estaino-. These\\ntwo ships of the line and frigates were seen from Tybee, the 3d of September\\nwhen Lieutenant Lock, of the Rose, was sent to reconnoitre them, and brought\\nword they were French.\\nLieutenant Whitworth, who commands the Keppel armed brig was ordered\\nto get ready a fast-sailing tender of his own to proceed to New- York with this\\nintelligence, and sailed with his despatches on the 6th, but was chased in a\u00c2\u00b0-ain\\nby seven sail. On the 7th, at night, he made another attempt, wherein there is\\nevery reason to hope he was successful.\\nOn the 8th, forty-one sail were discovered to the southward of Tybee plyin^\\nto windward. The wind being northerly, as it had been for some days past,\\ndrove them to the southward of this port.\\nMajor-General Prevost, at Savannah, was immediately acquainted with their\\nappearance, who went to work with every exertion to increase the fortifications\\nof the town. Despatches were sent to the Hon. Colonel Maitland, who was\\nposted with part of the army on Port Royal Island, and to Captain Christian of\\nhis Majesty s ship Vigilant, to repair to Savannah as soon as possible with the\\ntroops, ships, and galleys there.\\nThe Fowey, Rose, Keppel, armed brig, and Germain, provincial armed ship,\\nwere so placed that if the French ships came in superior, we might run up the\\nriver; and the leading marks for the bar were cut down.\\nOn the 9th, the whole French fleet anchored off the bar, and next day four\\nirigates weighed and came to Tybee anchorage. It was determined on their\\napproach to run up the river with the King s ships, and join our force with the\\nGeneral for the defence of the town. At this time the French were sending\\ntroops from their ships, which were first put into small crafts from Charlestown", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0387.jp2"}, "386": {"fulltext": "344 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nand run into Osabaw Inlet, from whence they were landed in launches at\\nBowley, thirteen miles from Savannah, under cover of four galleys; and their\\nfrigates were preparing to advance up the river.\\nFrom the 10th to the 13th we were busy sending to town part of the Fowey\\nand Rose s guns and ammunition, in vessels sent by the General for that pur-\\npose. On the 13th, the Fowey and Rose, being much lightened, sailed over the\\nMud Flat to Five-Fathom Hole, three miles below the town, from whence was\\nsent up the remainder of the guns and ammunition.\\nThe Comet galley and Keppel armed brig were directed to place themselves\\nbelow the Mud Flat, so as to cover the passage of Colonel Maitland with the\\nKing s troops from Port Royal, through Wall s Cut, from whom we had not\\nheard since our despatches to him were sent, the communication by boats being\\ncut off.\\nThe 14th and 15th the seamen were employed landing the cannon and ammu-\\nnition of the ships from the small vessels and this having been done, the seamen\\nwere appointed to the different batteries, and the marines incorporated with the\\ngrenadiers of the 60th Regiment.\\nOn the lGth, the Count D Estaing summoned the General to surrender the town\\nto the arms of his most Christian Majesty at the same time saying, his troops\\nwere the same who so recently stormed and conquered the Grenades that their\\ncourage and present ardour were so great, that any works we should raise, or any\\nopposition we could make, would be of no import. Not intimidated with this lan-\\nguage, the General called a meeting of field and sea officers, when it was resolved\\nto take twenty-four hours to consider. In that time the troops from Beaufort ar-\\nrived in boats from the Vigilant and transports, (in Callibogie Sound,) through\\nWall s Cut, under the direction of Lieutenant Goldensborough, of the Vigilant\\nand now the Count D Estaing had his final answer, that we were unanimously\\ndetermined to defend the town.\\nThe General, ever attentive to increase the defences of the town, with Captain\\nMoncrief, our principal engineer, was now indefatigably, night and day, raising\\nnew works and batteries, which astonished our enemies and every officer, sol-\\ndier, and sailor worked with the utmost cheerfulness, and I have the pleasure to\\ninform their Lordships, the General has been pleased to express his particulai\\nsatisfaction with the services of the officers of the King s ships and transports,\\nduring the whole siege.\\nIt being apprehended that the enemy s ships might come too near the town,\\nand annoy the rear of our lines, it was judged expedient to sink a number of ves-\\nsels to stop the passage his Majesty s ship Rose, making at this time seventeen\\ninches of water an hour, after sheathing her as low as we could at Cockspur, her\\nbottom worm-eaten quite through, and her stern rotten, as appears by a survey\\nof shipwrights held on her a short time before, wherein it is declared she could\\nnot swim over two months, her guns, men, and ammunition being on shore, I\\nthought her the most eligible to sink, as her weight would keep her across the\\nchannel, when lighter vessels could not, owing to the rapidity of the current, and\\nhard sandy bottom, which prevented them sticking fast where they were sunk.\\nThe Savannah armed ship, purchased into the King s service some time before,\\nby Commodore Sir James Wallace, was scuttled and sunk also four transports*", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0388.jp2"}, "387": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY. 345\\nwere sunk besides, which, blocked up the channel; several smaller vessels\\nwere sunk above the town, and a boom laid across the river, to prevent the ene-\\nmy from sending down fire rafts among our shipping, or landing troops in our\\nrear.\\nThe Fowey, Keppel brig, Comet galley, and Germain provincial armed ship,\\nwere got to town previous to sinking the vessels; the Germain having her guns\\nin, was placed off Yamacraw to flank our lines.\\nThree French frigates were now advanced up the river to the Mud Flat, one of\\nthem having 12-pounders, with two rebel galleys, carrying two 18-pounders in\\ntheir prows, anchored in Five-Fathom Hole, from whence the frigate sailed into\\nthe back river, with intent to cannonade the rear of our lines; they threw a great\\nnumber of shot, which being at their utmost range, did no execution. The gal-\\nleys, advancing nearer, did some damage to the houses. A few shot now and\\nthen from the river battery, made them keep a respectable distance.\\nThe French having now made regular approaches, and finished their batteries\\nof mortars and cannon, near enough to our works, on the 3d of October, at mid-\\nnight, opened their bomb battery of nine large mortars at daybreak, they also\\nopened with thirty-seven pieces of heavy cannon, landed from their fleet, and\\nfired on our lines and batteries with great fury. This lasted day and night until\\nthe morning of the 9th, when, finding little notice taken of their shot and shells,\\nat daybreak stormed with their whole force, the Count D Estaing at their head.\\nThis attempt proved most fatal to them, for they met with so very severe a repulse\\nfrom only three hundred men, assisted by the grape-shot from the batteries, that\\nfrom this day they worked with indefatigable labour to carry off their cannon and\\nmortars, and descended to a degree of civility we had hitherto been strangers to.\\nTheir loss was very great, most of their best officers and soldiers being killed or\\nwounded, the Count D Estaing among the latter.\\nOn the night of the 17th, the French entirely quitted their works, retreated to\\ntheir boats, and embarked under cover of their galleys. General Lincoln, with\\nthe rebel army, retreated up the country with the greatest precipitation, burning\\nevery bridge behind them, and we are told that their army is totally dispersed.\\nThe French have been favoured by the weather to their utmost wishes the\\nwhole time of being on this coast, their great ships lying constantly at anchor in\\nfourteen fathoms, and the small craft from Charlestown employed watering them\\nfrom this river. The only accident we know they met with was losing one boat\\nwith one hundred men.\\nWhen the French troops were all embarked, an officer was sent on shore to\\nexchange prisoners. This being finished, they lost no time in returning down\\nthe river, with their frigates and galleys, to Tybee.\\nThe Vigilant, with the Scourge and Vindictive galleys, the Snake, half galley,\\nand three transports, were obliged to remain at Callibogie the whole siege, where\\nCaptain Christian, of the Vigilant, secured them in so strong a position, and\\nerected a battery on shore to protect them, that the French and rebels thought\\nit most prudent to let them alone. They are now all at Tybee, the French fleet\\nhaving left this coast the 26th of October, and their frigates left this river the 2d\\nof November.\\nOn the 4th of November, the Myrtle, navy victualler, who was taken by the", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0389.jp2"}, "388": {"fulltext": "346 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nFrench, and turned into a watering vessel, being blown out of this river a few\\ndays before they left it, returned to Tybee with a rebel galley, expecting to find\\ntheir friends. They both fell into our hands. The galley is called the Rutledge,\\ncarries two 18-pounders in her prow, and four sixes in her waist. I have\\nnamed her the Viper, and appointed Mr. John Steel, Master s Mate of the Rose,\\nto command her, with an establishment similar to other galleys, until the Admi-\\nral s pleasure is known. Mr. Steel s behaviour at the battery, on the spot where\\nthe French and rebels stormed our line, deserves particular notice.\\nHis Majesty s ship, Ariel, of twenty-four guns, on a cruise from Charlestown,\\n(when the French came on this coast,) was taken on the 11th of September, after\\na gallant resistance, by the French frigate Amazon, of thirty-six guns. His\\nMajesty s ship Experiment, having lost all her masts and bowsprit in a gale of\\nwind, on her passage from New-York to Savannah, fell into the middle of the\\nFrench fleet off this bar, and was taken on the 24th of September, together with\\nthe Myrtle, navy victualler, and Champion, store-ship.\\nList of the French Fleet on this Coast, under Count DEstaing.\\nFirst Division Mr. Bougainville.\\nLe Guerriere 74 Le Province 64\\nLe Magnifique 74 Le Marseilles 64\\nLe Caesar 74 Le Fantasque 64\\nLe Venguer 74\\nSecond Division Comte D Estaing.\\nLe Languedoc 74 Le Vaillant 74\\nLe Robuste 74 Le Artizien 64\\nLe Zele 74 Le Sagitaire 54\\nLe Annibal 74\\nThird Division.\\nLe Tonant 80 Le Fendant 74\\nLe Diademe 74 Le Refleche 64\\nLe Hector 74 Le Sphynx 64\\nLe Dauphine, Royal 70 Le Roderique, store-\\nLe Royal 70 ship 00\\nFrigates.\\nLe Fortune 38 La Chimere 36\\nL Amazon 36 La Bordeaux 36\\nL Iphigene 36 La Bricoli 36\\nLa Blanche 36 La Lys 18\\nEnglish Ships taken.\\nExperiment 50 Lively 20\\nCeres 18 Alert Cutter 14\\nThe land forces on board this fleet were the Irish Brigade, (Dillon,) the regi-\\nment of Foix, the grenadiers, light infantry, and a picquet of the regiments of", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0390.jp2"}, "389": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY. 347\\nArmagnac, Agenois, Bram, and Royal Rousillon, and of the colony troops of\\nGuadaloupe, Martinique. Cape Francois, and Port au Prince, with marines of\\nthe ships, amounted to about five thousand five hundred men. They landed at\\nfirst four thousand, and at different landings about three hundred more, (the rebels\\nhad three thousand,) besides some hundreds of free blacks and mulattoes, taken\\non board in the West Indies. This fleet is very badly manned, very sickly, and\\nthe ships in very bad condition, short of anchors and cables, having no running\\nrigging to reel but what came out of the Champion store-ship, from New-York,\\nand intended for this port. We have every reason to believe this expedition cost\\nthem two thousand men.\\nReturn of Seamen and Marines killed and wounded during the Siege.\\nFowey One marine killed, one wounded.\\nReturn of the Officers of the American Forces who were killed and wounded\\nin the action at Savannah, Oct. 9, 1779.\\nKilled. Second Regiment Major Motte Lieutenants Hume, Wickham, and\\nBush.\\nThird Regiment Major Wise, Lieutenant Bailey.\\nGeneral Williamson s Brigade Captain Beraud.\\nCharlestown Regiment Captain Shepherd.\\nSouth Carolina Artillery Captain Lieutenant Donnom.\\nMajor Jones, aid to General Mcintosh.\\nWounded. Cavalry Brigadier -General Count Pulaski; Captain Bendelo,\\nCaptain Giles.\\nSecond Regiment Captain Roux; Lieutenants Gray and Petre.\\nThird Regiment Captain Tanar; Lieutenants Gaston and Dessasure.\\nSixth Regiment Captain Bowie.\\nVirginia Levies Lieutenants Parker and Walker.\\nLight Infantry Captain Smith, of the Third; Captains Warren and Hogin, of\\nthe Fifth Lieutenant Vleland, of the Second Lieutenant Parsons, of the Fifth.\\nSouth Carolina Militia Captain Davis Lieutenants Bruneau, Wilkie, and\\nWarded.\\nAfter five hours hard fighting, the combined armies displayed a\\nwhite flag, and asked a truce to bury their dead. Prevost granted\\nfour hours and during that interval D Estaing and General Lin-\\ncoln consulted in regard to further operations. The latter wished\\nto continue the siege, but the Count D Estaing, whose loss had been\\nheavy, resolved on immediate departure. The siege was raised and\\non the 18th of October, 1779, the combined armies withdrew.\\nThe result of this siege was a death-blow to the hopes of the South.\\nOn the sea-board, every appearance of opposition to royal power was\\ncrushed and only in the interior did the spirit of armed resistance\\nappear. In 1782, the British Parliament began to listen to the voice\\nof reason, and steps were taken towards the establishment of peace\\nbetween the United States and Great Britain. On the 11th of July\\nthe British army evacuated Savannah, after an occupation of three", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0391.jp2"}, "390": {"fulltext": "348 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nyears and a half. General Wayne, in consideration of the services of\\nColonel James Jackson, appointed him to receive the keys of Savan-\\nnah from a committee of British officers. Three weeks after the\\nevacuation, Governor Martin called a meeting of the Legislature.\\nHOUSE IN WHICH THE LEGISLATURE MET.\\nThis house is on South Broad street, eastward from Drayton street,\\nand is supposed to be the oldest brick house in Savannah.\\nAn account of the siege of Savannah was written by Major-General\\nPrevost, commanding his Majesty s forces in the Province of Georgia.\\nIt does not differ very materially from the above account. It may\\nbe found in the American Remembrancer, for 1780. From this ac-\\ncount we have only space for the letters which passed between the\\nrespective commanders.\\nCopies of Letters which passed between Count D Estaing and General\\nPrevost.\\nNo. I. Translation.\\nCount D Estaing summons his Excellency, General Prevost, to surrender to the\\narms of the King of France. He apprises him that he will be personally respon-\\nsible for all the events and misfortunes that may arise from a defence, which, by\\nthe superiority of the force which attacks him, both by sea and land, is rendered\\nmanifestly vain and of no effect.\\nHe gives notice to him, also, that any resolution he may venture to come to,\\neither before the attack, in the course of it. or at the moment of the assault, of\\nsetting fire to the shipping or small craft belonging to the army or the merchants,\\nin the river of Savannah, as well as to all the magazines in the town, will be im-\\nputable to him only.\\nThe situation of Hospital Hill in the Grenades, the strength of the three in-\\ntrenchments and stone redoubts which defended it, and the comparative disposi-\\ntion of the troops before the town of Savannah, with a single detachment which\\ncarried the Grenades by assault, should be a lesson to futurity. Humanity obliges\\nthe Count D Estaing to recall this event to his memory; having so done, he has\\nnothing to reproach himself with.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0392.jp2"}, "391": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY- 349\\nLord Macartney had the good fortune to escape from the first transport of troops\\nwho entered a town sword in hand but notwithstanding the most valuable effects\\nwere deposited in a place supposed by all the officers and engineers to be impreg-\\nnable, Count D Estaing could not have the happiness of preventing their being\\npillaged. (Signed,)\\nESTAING.\\nCamp before Savannah, the 16th of September, 1779.\\nAnswer No. I.\\nCopy of a Letter from Major- General Prevost to Count D Estaing, dated\\nCamp, Savarinah, September 16th, 1779.\\nSir I am just now honoured with your Excellency s letter of this date, con-\\ntaining a summons for me to surrender this town to the arms of his Majesty, the\\nKing of France; which I had just delayed to answer till I had shown it to the\\nKing s civil governor.\\nI hope your Excellency will have a better opinion of me, and of British troops,\\nthan to think either will surrender on general summons, without any specific\\nterms.\\nIf you, Sir, have any to propose, that may with honour be accepted of by\\nme, you can mention them, both with regard to civil and military; and I will then\\ngive my answer. In the mean time I will promise, upon my honour, that nothing,\\nwith my consent or knowledge, shall be destroyed, in either this town or river.\\n(Signed,)\\nA. Prevost.\\nHis Excellency Count D Estaing, commanding the French Forces, c, c, fcc.\\nNo. II. Translation.\\nCamp before Savannah, Sept. 16th. 1779.\\nSir I have just received your Excellency s answer to the letter I had the\\nhonour of writing to you this morning. You are sensible that it is the part of the\\nbesieged to propose such terms as they may desire and you cannot doubt of the\\nsatisfaction I shall have in consenting to those which I can accept consistently\\nwith my duty.\\nI am informed that you continue intrenching yourself. It is a matter of\\nvery little importance to me; however, for form s sake, I must desire that you\\nwill desist during our conferences.\\nThe different columns which I had ordered to stop, will continue their march,\\nbut without approaching your posts, or reconnoitering your situation.\\nI have the honour to be, with respect, Sir, your Excellency s most humble\\nand most obedient servant,\\n(Signed,)\\nEstaing.\\nHis Excellency General Prevost, Major-General in the service of his Britannic\\nMajesty, and Commander-in-Chief at Savannah, in Georgia.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0393.jp2"}, "392": {"fulltext": "350 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nP. S. I apprise your Excellency that I have not been able to refuse the army\\nof the United States uniting itself with that of the King.\\nThe junction will probably be effected this day. If I have not an answer,\\ntherefore, immediately, you must confer in future with General Lincoln and me.\\nAnswer No. II.\\nCopy of a Letter from Major- General Prevost to the Count D Estaing,\\ndated September Kith, 1779.\\nSir I am honoured with your Excellency s letter in reply to mine of this\\nday.\\nThe business we have in hand being of importance, there being various in-\\nterests to discuss, a just time is absolutely necessary to deliberate. I am there-\\nfore to propose that a suspension of hostilities shall take place for twenty-four\\nhours from this date and to request that 3 our Excellency will order your columns\\nto fall back to a greater distance, and out of sight of our works, or I shall think\\nmyself under the necessity to direct their being fired upon. If they did not re-\\nconnoitre anything this afternoon, they were sure within the distance.\\n(Signed,)\\nA. Prevost.\\nHis Excellency Count D Estaing, c, c\\n(Translation.)\\nCamp before Savannah, Sept. 16th, 1779.\\nSir I consent to the truce you ask. It shall continue till the signal for re-\\ntreat to-morrow night, the 17th, which will serve also to announce the recom-\\nmencement of hostilities. It is unnecessary to observe to your Excellency, that\\nthis suspension of arms is entirely ill your favour, since I cannot be certain that you\\nwill not make use of it to fortify yourself, at the same time that the propositions\\nyou shall make may be inadmissible.\\nI must observe to you, also, how important it is that you should be full aware\\nof your own situation, as well as that of the troops under your command. Be\\nassured that I am thoroughly acquainted with it. Your knowledge of military\\naffairs will not suffer you to be ignorant, that a due examination of that circum-\\nstance always precedes the march of the columns; and that this preliminary is\\nnot carried into execution by a mere show of troops.\\nI have ordered them to withdraw before night comes on, to prevent any\\ncause of complaint on your part. I understand that my civility in this respect\\nhas been the occasion, that the Chevalier de Chambis, a lieutenant in the navy,\\nhas been made a prisoner of war.\\nI propose sending out some small advanced posts to-morrow morning. They\\nwill place themselves in such a situation as to have in view the four entrances\\ninto the the wood, in order to prevent a similar mistake in future. I do not know\\nwhether two columns commanded by the Viscount de Noailles and the Count\\nde Dillon, have shown too much ardour, or whether your cannoniers have not\\npaid a proper respect to the truce subsisting between us; but this I know, that what", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0394.jp2"}, "393": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY. 351\\nhas happened this night is a proof that matters will soon come to a decision be-\\ntween us one way or another.\\nI have the honour to be, with respect, c.\\n(Signed.)\\nE STAIN G.\\nHis Excellency General Prevost, Major-General in the service of his Britannic\\nMajesty, and Commander-in-Chief at Savannah, in Georgia.\\nNo. III.\\nCopy of a Letter from Major- General Prevost to Count D Estaing, dated\\nSavannah, September 17th, 1779.\\nSir In answer to the letter of your Excellency, which I had the honour to\\nreceive about twelve last night, I am to acquaint you, that having laid the whole\\ncorrespondence before the King s civil Governor, and the military officers of rank\\nassembled in council of war, the unanimous determination has been, that though\\nwe cannot look upon our post as absolutely inexpugnable, yet that it may and\\nought to be defended; therefore, the evening gun to be fired this evening at an\\nhour before sundown, shall be the signal for recommencing hostilities, agree-\\nable to your Excellency s proposal.\\nT have the honour to be,\\n(Signed,)\\nA. Prevost.\\nCopy of a Letter from Major- General Prevost to Count D Estaing, dated\\nCamp, Savannah, October 6th, 1770.\\nSir I am persuaded that your Excellency will do me justice and that in\\nefending this place, and the army committed to my charge, I fulfil what is due\\nu honour and duty to my prince. Sentiments of a different kind occasion the\\nliberty of now addressing myself to your Excellency they are those of hu-\\nmanity. The houses of Savannah are occupied solely by women and children.\\nSeveral of them have applied to me, that I might request the favour you would\\nallow them to embark on board a ship or ships, and go down the river under the\\nprotection of yours, until this business is decided. If this requisition you are so\\ngood as to grant, my wife and children, with a few servants, shall be the first to\\nprofit by this indulgence.\\nI have the honour to be, c, c,\\nA. Prevost.\\nAnswer No. IV.\\nCopy of a Letter from Count D Estaing and General Lincoln to Major-\\nGeneral Prevost, dated Camp before Savannah, October 6th, 1779.\\nSir We are persuaded that your Excellency knows all that your duty pre-\\nscribes perhaps your zeal has already interfered with your judgment. The\\nCount D Estaing, in his own name, notified to you that you would be personally", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0395.jp2"}, "394": {"fulltext": "352 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nand alone responsible for the consequences of your obstinacy. The time which\\nyou informed him, in the commencement of the siege, would be necessary for\\nthe arrangement of articles, including the different orders of men in your town,\\nhad no other object than that of receiving succour. Such conduct, Sir, is suffi-\\ncient to forbid every intercourse between us which might occasion the least loss\\nof time. Besides, in the present application, latent reasons may again exist.\\nThere are military ones, which in frequent instances have prevented the in-\\ndulgence you request. It is with regret we yield to the austerity of our\\nfunctions; and we deplore the fate of those persons who will be the victims of\\nyour conduct, and the delusion which appears to prevail in your mind.\\nWe are, with respect, c, c,\\n(Signed,)\\nB. Lincoln.\\nEsTAING.\\nReturn of the Casualties in the different Corps, during the Siege.\\nOne Captain, 2 Lieutenants, 1 Ensign, 4 Sergeants, 32 rank and file, killed.\\n2 Captains, 2 Lieutenants, 2 Sergeants, 1 drummer, 56 rank and file, wounded.\\n2 drummers, 2 rank and file, missing. 5 Sergeants, 2 drummers, 41 rank and file,\\ndeserted.\\nNames of Officers killed.\\nLieutenant Henry McPherson, 1st battalion 71st, 24th September.\\nLieutenant Tawse, of ditto, and Captain Lieutenant of dragoons, 9th of Oc-\\ntober.\\nCaptain Simpson, Georgia Loyalists, 8th of October.\\nEnsign Pollard, 2d battalion, De Lancey s, 4th of ditto.\\nNames of Officers killed.\\nCaptain Cozens, 3d battalion, Jersey Volunteers, 24th of September.\\nLieutenant Smollet Campbell, 2d battalion, 71st, and Lieutenant of dragoons,\\n9th of October.\\nCaptain Henry, of the South Carolina Royaiists, 9th of October.\\n(Signed,)\\nA. Prevost, M. G.\\nCamp, Savannah, Oct. \\\\8th, 1779.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0396.jp2"}, "395": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY. 363\\nLOSS OF THE STEAMER PULASKi.\\nA gentleman who was on board of this ill-fated steamer, has kindly\\nfurnished us with the following interesting narrative, entitled A\\nMemorandum of the Incidents of One Day at Sea. It was prepared\\nfor the sole use of his family, and it was only after earnest solicitation\\non the part of the author that he consented to furnish him with a copy\\nfor insertion among the Historical Collections of Georgia. That\\nit will be read with the most thrilling interest, we cannot entertain a\\ndoubt.\\nThe steam-packet Pulaski, Captain Dubois, left Savannah at. eight o clock on\\nWednesday morning, the 13th of June, 1838, with about ninety passengers, and\\na crew of thirty-seven persons. She arrived at Charleston the same afternoon,\\nand departed the next morning at six o clock for Baltimore, with about sixty-five\\nadditional passengers.\\nOf the passengers about forty-five were females, and from fifteen to twenty\\nwere children. As it was the period of the year when the usual summer migra-\\ntion from the South to the North was at its height, and as the Pulaski was a\\nfavourite boat, particularly in Savannah, the passengers consisted of some of the\\nmost respectable persons of the two States of Georgia and South Carolina, em-\\nbracing, in several instances, every, and in many, most of the members of distin-\\nguished families.\\nAttracted by the reputation of the packet, the shortness of the voyage, and the\\ncircumstance that it would embrace only one night at sea, many persons had\\ncome to Savannah from distant points to embark in the Pulaski. Among them\\nmay be particularly mentioned Judge Rochester, of New- York, from Pensacola,\\nand a party of eleven persons from Florida, consisting of the Rev. Mr. Woart,\\nlady and child, the Rev. Mr. Dr. Stewart, lady and child, Mrs. Taylor, Mr.\\nStewart, and Mr. McCrea.* From Savannah were Mr. G. B. Lamar, with his\\nwife and seven children, being every member of his immediate family;\\nMr. Parkman, with three daughters and a son, Mr. Hutchinson, wife and two\\nchildren, Dr. Cumming and lady, Mrs. William Mackay and two children,, with\\nmany others.\\nThe Pulaski, dressed out gaily in her flags, crossed the bar of Charleston be-\\ntween seven and eight o clock. The weather was clear, and apparently settled,\\nthe wind blowing freshly and coolly from the southeast, and both sky and sea\\ngiving every promise of a safe and pleasant passage. The appearance and feel-\\nings of the passengers were in harmony with the elements around them. Cheer-\\nfulness and pleasure were depicted in every countenance. All appeared happy\\nand disposed to contribute to the happiness of others; and the observation was\\ngeneral, that to travel in such a way was, truly, a mere jaunt of pleasure.\\nAs the day advanced the wind increased in force, and shifted to the east.\\nDuring the latter part of the afternoon the waves became high, and the vessel\\nOf this party of eleven persons^ only one escaped.\\n23", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0397.jp2"}, "396": {"fulltext": "354 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nrolled so much that most of the ladies retired to their berths, and at tea many\\neven of the gentlemen were missing.\\nAbout sunset the clouds began to muster heavily towards the northeast, and\\npredictions were made that a gale was brewing in that quarter. At nine, how-\\never, the clouds had very generally dispersed, and the stars shone out with great\\nbrilliancy above; beneath, the sea heaved in long waves, the inky darkness of\\nwhich was relieved only as the wind broke their crests into wreaths of snowy\\nfoam.\\nThe sea striking the vessel under the weather bow. and impeding her progress,\\na full pressure of steam was given, to enable her to overcome the resistance,\\nwhich she did in gallant style and at ten o clock, when I left the deck, she was\\ndashing through the water at the rate of eleven miles an hour, with a steadiness\\nand ease which indicated power, but no unusual effort. At this time nearly all\\nof the passengers had retired from the deck to the cabins, where a few still con-\\ntinued to converse or read, until half after ten, when the last stragglers went to\\ntheir berths, anticipating a quiet and refreshing night s rest. Having exchanged\\nwith Colonel and Mrs. Dunham, who occupied the next berths to my own, and\\nwith whom I had been conversing, the usual wishes for a pleasant night s rest,\\nundressing myself, I soon fell into a sound slumber.\\nI could not have been asleep more than half an hour when I was suddenly\\nawoke by a deep, hollow, and heavy sound, like the discharge of a battery of\\ncannon at a short distance, which was instantly followed by a violent concussion\\nof the air, a universal tremor of the vessel, and a loud and general crash, as if\\nthe sides and decks had been, by some irresistible force, crushed together. The\\nreport and the crash left no doubt that the boiler had exploded; and, as I sprung\\nup from my berth, the conviction was strong in my mind that the vessel was in\\na sinking condition.\\nThe lights having been extinguished in the after cabin, in which I was, by\\nthe concussion of the air, it was some moments before I could ascertain the posi-\\ntion of the companion stairway; and it was only after stumbling over the floor,\\nwhich was torn up, that, placing my hand on the table, and following it down, I\\nperceived the light at the head of the companion. On reaching the deck, I pro-\\nceeded to the door of the ladies cabin which was immediately above that of\\nthe gentlemen s with the intention of seeing two ladies who were under my\\ncharge, with the double object of calming their fears, and of placing them where\\nI could find them. At the door, I met the ladies with their children, all in their\\nnight-dresses, huddled together, with an expression of wild dismay and horroi\\ndepicted on every countenance, anxiously inquiring what was the matter. 1\\ncalled for the ladies under my care, when one of them, holding her son by the\\nhand, answered, and came to me. I requested her to be composed, and not to\\nleave that spot, until I could ascertain the character of the accident, and return\\nto her. Proceeding over the fragments of glass with which the deck was\\nstrewed, and which gashed my feet, I met several persons crying out that the\\nboat was on fire, and calling for buckets and water. For an instant I turned;\\nbut, reflecting that the fire must soon be checked by the leaks, I proceeded over\\nthe starboard deck to the centre of the vessel, where the engine was placed.\\nThe scene of wild destruction which there presented itself precluded all hope", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0398.jp2"}, "397": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY. 355\\nof safety, and rendered it certain that the vessel must sink in a very few minutes.\\nThe promenade deck and wheel-house, (which were above the boilers.) with the\\nstate-rooms on the right side, were all blown off, the decks ripped up, the bar-\\nroom and bulkhead, between the boilers and the forward cabin, crushed, and the\\nright side of the hull so shattered, that the sea rushed in most fearfully. The\\nboiler appeared to have been rent in the top, throughout its whole length, and\\nthe end next to the bow of the boat burst out on the right side.\\nThe Jefl boiler and that side of the vessel were comparatively uninjured, in\\nconsequence of which, she careened over to the left^ and fortunately threw the\\nshattered side partially out of water. As she, however, soon fell into the trough\\nof the sea, at every roll the water rushed in, and increased in quantity as she set-\\ntled down. Perceiving that the boat was inevitably and rapidly sinking, I\\nreturned towards the stern.\\nAs I reached the companion of the after cabin, I met a poor wretch dragging\\nhimself on the deck, and calling out most piteously, 0 God! both of my legs\\nare blown off. It was the barber, whose shop was near the boilers.\\nAt this moment, the ladies cabin and the deck in front of it presented a most\\nheart-rending spectacle. Ladies, children, and men, all in their night-clothes,\\nwere grouped together. The wildest expression of alarm and despair marked the\\ncountenances of the ladies, while the gentlemen were anxiously seeking for their\\nwives and children, and endeavouring to calm their fears by holding out hopes\\nwhich they knew to be utterly vain. There were frantic and wild calls for hus-\\nbands and children despairing inquiries if there was no hope of safety horror\\nand utter dismay; but there was little shrieking. The shock was, as yet, too\\nsudden and stupefying, the danger too undefined, for loud exclamations of grief or\\nalarm. There seemed to be a general, deep, and appalling feeling, that some\\nterrible and overwhelming calamity had occurred; but as yet everything was\\nuncertain and undefined.\\nAs I reached the companion of the gentlemen s cabin, I stood still for a moment\\nto rally myself. I felt that the final hour of my existence had arrived, that there\\nwas no possible escape, and I summoned up all my energies to meet my fate with\\ncalmness and fortitude. The images of my wife, children, father and mother,\\nflashed before my mind; the bitter pang of the last separation wrung my soul for\\nan instant the struggle was over, and I w T as collected and ready to meet the\\nemergency.\\nMy thoughts were now directed to the ladies and children under my care,\\nwhose helpless and dependent situation called for every effort to save them. Im-\\nmediately descending to my berth, I drew on my pantaloons, and made the mental\\ninquiry, what articles of clothing would be most useful. Boots and shoes were\\nrejected, as too cumbrous for swimming; and, throwing a large camlet cloak\\nover my arm, for the protection of the ladies and children, I reached the deck,\\nand passed rapidly to the starboard quarter, where I had noticed one of the small\\nyawls hanging, and many settees and tables. As I got to it, I found two of the\\ncrew casting off the ropes, and in the act of lowering the boat. I had now but\\nto spring in, and my individual safety was insured; the ladies were, however,\\nnot there. The time lost in searching for them would probably deprive me\\nof this only chance of life; but the occasion called for the risk.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0399.jp2"}, "398": {"fulltext": "356 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nProceeding to (he door of the ladies cabin, and assuming as calm a tone as I\\ncould, I called for the ladies under my care. They instantly replied when,\\nmerely observing, Follow me, ladies you have not a moment to lose, I turned\\ntowards the yawl, and the ladies followed. We had not proceeded far when\\nMrs. s foot slipped, and she fell with her son. I turned to assist them, but\\nbefore I reached her she had recovered. This accident placed one of the ladies\\nin advance, and, by the time I had got up with her, she had reached the boat.\\nThe hands were in it, and had nearly lowered it down to the water. Taking the\\ninfant from Mrs. I assisted her on to the bulwarks, and requested her to\\njump into the boat, which she immediately did a distance of ten feet. Her\\nfall was fortunately broken by striking on one of the persons in the boat. Per-\\nceiving that the boat was about to be shoved off, I then sprang down myself, with\\nthe infant in my arms. The yawl surged off as I sprang, my feet struck the\\ngunwale, and I fell backwards into the sea. When I arose to the surface, I re-\\ngained the boat, and threw the infant into its mother s arms. Getting in. I\\nrequested Mrs. to throw down her son, which she immediately did. I\\ncaught him, and called to her to jump herself; she fell into my arms, and the\\nwhole of our party were safe in the yawl. The next instant it was shoved off.\\nAs I looked up, the side of the steamboat was thronged with persons, calling out,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Hold on to that boat don t shove off that boat. In another moment, had the\\nboat not been pushed off, they would have precipitated themselves in a mass on\\nus, and sunk it.\\nThere are moments in life, when the escape from impending danger has ex-\\nceeded all possible hope, that the belief of an overruling Providence is felt\\nwith irresistible force. The heart then, overflowing with gratitude, bows with\\ndeep-felt thankfulness to the hand that has been stretched out to save. Never were\\npersons in a situation more calculated to inspire such a feeling than we were at\\nthis moment.\\nWhen the yawl left the side of the Pulaski, it was agreed that we should place\\nourselves at such a distance from her as to be beyond the vortex, if she sunk sud-\\ndenly, and yet near enough to regain her, if, contrary to our expectations, she\\nshould continue to float. In pursuance of this intention, the yawl was allowed\\nto drift about one hundred and fifty yards astern of the steamer, and, keeping her\\nhead on to the sea, the two sailors, who had taken the oars, endeavoured to pre-\\nserve that distance.\\nHaving accomplished the great object of getting out of the sinking vessel, our\\nattention was now directed to our own situation. We found ourselves in a\\nsmall yawl from sixteen to eighteen feet long, crowded with twelve persons,\\nwho consisted, besides the ladies and children under my care, of Captain Pooler\\nand son, Mr. William Robertson, a seaman, (alias Barney,) a negro waiter, (Solo-\\nmon,) and two negro women. For some minutes it was doubtful whether the\\nboat could live in the sea, or whether she could be kept from filling with water.\\nShe leaked very much, and the only article to bail with was a slipper of one of\\nthe negro women. The wind was blowing freshly, and the sea running high,\\nand there were but two oars in the boat with which to manage her. These dan-\\ngers appeared, however, small to that which had just been escaped, and there\\nwas a feeling of comparative safety. The two seamen rowing to keep the head", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0400.jp2"}, "399": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY. 357\\nof the boat to the sea, and to avoid drifting, and one person bailing incessantly.\\nwe remained at one hundred to two hundred yards from the Pulaski, awaiting,\\nwith feelings of intensely painful anxiety, the closing scene of the awful catas-\\ntrophe. The wind was blowing freshly and keenly from the east, tne sea rolling\\nin heavy black waves below us, whilst the sky above was partially obscured by\\nflying clouds. The galley lights of the steamer were still burning brilliantly,\\nand, as she rose and fell with the heaving ocean, she appeared as if illuminated\\nfor some fete. This brilliant and holy- day appearance, compared with the utter\\nwretchedness and despair of the helpless human beings in her, who were rapidly\\napproaching that awful moment when the ocean was to swallow up them and\\nher, presented a contrast the most touching and painful.\\nFrom our position, we could perceive that she was fast settling in the water\\nand in profound silence, and with the most intensely painful feelings, we awaited\\nthe moment when nearly two hundred human beings, many of them our intimate\\nfriends, were to experience the agony of the last mortal struggle, in the darkness\\nof the night, on the wild abyss of the ocean, remote from friends or human suc-\\ncour, and suddenly called from the deep slumber which had followed a day of\\nhappiness and of hope, to meet not only a fearful death themselves, but to witness\\nthe expiring agonies, and to hear the dying shrieks, of those most dear to\\nthem.\\nThe mass above the waters gradually diminished, and in a moment every lio-ht\\nwas extinguished, and all was darkness. As the water approached the upper\\ndeck, a single wave had swept over the whole of the galley lights, and with\\nthem hope seemed also to be extinguished.\\nSoon afterwards a heavy crash was heard, followed by a loud and piercing\\nshriek. The boat had broken in two; then came the crackling of planks, as if\\nthe decks were breaking up; shrill, wild, and prolonged shrieks ensued, with the\\nquick and agonizing cry of the dying, all rising at once, and ringing wildly over\\nthe waste of waters. In a few minutes the burst of frantic despair and agony\\nhad ceased; the larger portion of the sufferers had experiened the short and bitter\\npang of death, and had sunk to rise no more. Instead of shrieks, were now heard\\nthe long and deep halloo for assistance from persons who were clinging to such\\nfragments of the wreck as they had grasped when they were precipitated in the\\nocean by the breaking of the boat, and the separation of the deck from the\\nhull.\\nSoon after this time, the other quarter-boat, under charge of the mate, Mr.\\nHibbert, came near us. Having hailed each other, it was agreed that we\\nshould keep together, to render such mutual assistance as might be in our\\npower. Understanding that we were in a leaky situation, the mate gave us a\\nhat to bail with, and an oar to aid in steering. We then, supposing that he had\\nin his boat as many as it could carry, proposed to steer for the shore. To this he\\nreplied, that he would not quit the wreck until daylight, and that he would con-\\nsider it an act of murder if he did. We very cheerfully assented, when we found\\nthat he had but five persons in his boat, to cruise with him among the fragments\\nof the wreck, in order to pick up as many persons as his boat could carry. In\\nour leaky state, we had already as many on board as she could well float\\nwith.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0401.jp2"}, "400": {"fulltext": "358 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nFollowing at a-short distance from the other boat, we continued for several\\nhours to cruise among the fragments of the wreck, which were thickly strewed\\nover the sea, and which threatened, from the darkness of the night, to stave in\\nour frail barks. The mate directed his course as he heard the calls for assistance.\\nThe first person relieved was Mr. Bird, of Georgia, who was nearly exhausted\\nwith the effort of supporting himself. The next were two firemen, dreadfully\\nscalded. We were then hailed by some persons on a raft, who said they were\\nten in number. Fearing that they would sink our boats, we turned away from\\nthem. The next person picked up was a young German, a son of the Duke of\\nLeuchtenberg, who was found floating on a settee. The last was an old gentle-\\nman, Judge Rochester, of New-York. The mate then came alongside, and re-\\nquested us to take the last gentleman into our boat, which we did, and proposed\\nto go in search of one of the deck boats, which had sunk after having been\\nlaunched. When he had placed Judge Rochester in our boat, and was turning\\noff, the judge, filled with joy at his escape, and gratitude to his preserver, called\\nout, in the most heartfelt manner, Mr. Hibbert, you are a noble fellow God\\nbless you Alas! at that moment of supposed safely, he little thought that he\\nhad received but a brief respite from that watery grave into which he was des-\\ntined to sink, after enjoying for a few short hours the cheerful light of day.\\nWe soon reached the yawl we were seeking, and the united efforts of the per-\\nsons in the two boats were directed to bail her out. After a long but fruitless\\nattempt, she was abandoned, as the water poured in through the open seams faster\\nthan we could bail it out with hats, the only instruments for that purpose we had.\\nAs both boats had now as many persons in them as they could safely carry,\\nit was proposed that we should direct our course for the land. Our longer stay\\nwith the wreck could be productive of no good to others, and might endanger our\\nown lives, should a change of wind or stormy weather occur. We were also de-\\nsirous of avoiding the harrowing sight of recognizing our perishing friends, and of\\nleaving them, with a knowledge of who they were, to die without being able to\\nrender them any assistance. These reasons, added to the threatening appearance\\nof the sky, from which a squall of wind and rain had just burst on us, overruled\\nthe objections of the mate, and at half past three o clock the heads of the boats\\nwere turned towards the land.\\nThe moon, which had arisen about two hours before, gave but a very feeble\\nlight from behind a mass of heavy clouds; and the first faint streaks of the\\nmorning light were just appearing in the east. The sky was gloomy and\\nthreatening, and the sea. under a fresh wind, was heaving in long inky waves,\\nthe crests of which broke incessantly into sheets of white spray. The fragments\\nof the wreck floated by us but we saw nothing of the hull of the Pulaski\\nand we presumed, from its sudden disappearance from our eyes, and the assur-\\nances of those we had picked up, that it had sunk with the machinery. The\\nonly survivors were supposed to be those who were clinging to fragments of\\nthe wreck, to whom we could render no farther assistance; and with heavy\\nhearts we turned away from the melancholy scene. The calls for aid were\\nstill heard around us. As they came faintly and despairingly from the dis-\\ntance, now drowned by the winds and the waves, and again swelling mourn-\\nfully on the ear, the unseen spirits of the deep seemed to be wailing for the un-", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0402.jp2"}, "401": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY. 359\\ntimely fate of the young, the beautiful, the wise, and the brave, whose lifeless,\\nbut yet warm bodies, were sinking to that deep tomb where rest the sea-\\nburied.\\nThe land was supposed to lie in a northwest direction, about thirty-five miles\\ndistant; and the mate steering one boat, and myself the other, we struck off for\\nit. Few words were exchanged and in silence, broken only by the incessant\\nmoaning of the scalded firemen, one of whom was fast dying from the acuteness\\nof his sufferings, we proceeded on our melancholy and dangerous voyage. The\\nsea and wind were both high but the boats, which became tighter, rode the\\nwaves admirably, although they appeared every moment in danger of destruc-\\ntion, as they reeled on the crests of the waves, or plunged into the deep gulfs\\nbetween them.\\nDay at length broke, and all eyes were directed to every point of the horizon,\\nin the hope of seeing some friendly sail but nothing met the sight but the\\nboundless ocean, which seemed the more dreary and solitary when con-\\ntrasted with the small and frail barks which were tossing on its bosom. The\\nsun rose brilliantly, and the hearts of all were insensibly cheered by its en-\\nlivening influence. The heat, however, soon became oppressive, as it fell with\\ntropical fervour on the unprotected heads of the half-naked party; and such ex-\\npedients as were in the power of each, were adopted for protection. The ladies\\nand children found the ample folds of the cloak almost, as valuable a screen\\nagainst the fervid rays of the sun, as it had proved against the chill wind of\\nthe night. The gentlemen resorted to handkerchiefs, waistcoats, and aprons, as\\nsubstitutes for hats. The half-clad and grotesque appearance of every one\\ntended to excite feelings of the ridiculous, which were suppressed as soon as\\nthey arose, by the recollection of the awful scene that had just been witnessed,\\nand of the dangers yet before us. Notwithstanding this, there was yet an obvi-\\nous feeling of cheerfulness pervading the party. The mind, after the intense\\nexcitement of the night, required relief, and passed rapidly from a state of de-\\nspair to that of hope. Conversation became general and the ladies, who during\\nthe most trying period of the night had never uttered an expression of fear,\\nshowed a calmness and cheerfulness which did them the greatest honour.\\nDirecting our course by the position of the sun, we continued to pull steadily\\nfor the shore. The only coat in the boat was extended by two of the seats, and\\nerected into a temporary sail. Aided by it, the oars, the waves, and the wind,\\nwhich blew directly on to the shore, we proceeded at the rate of three miles an\\nhour.\\nThe moanings of the scalded seamen increased as the day advanced; and it\\nwas a piteous sight to witness the swollen, blackened, and skinless faces of the\\ntwo poor wretches as they writhed under the burning sun, and tossed their arms\\nabout in the agony of their pain. About nine o clock, the persons in the mate s\\nboat lay on their oars, and allowed us to pass ahead of them, until they were\\nsufficiently astern to escape the observation of the ladies, when the body of one\\nof the scalded men, who had died, was consigned to the deep. The boat then\\ncame alongside, and it was proposed to relieve us of some of our crew, as we\\nwere found to be overloaded. Judge Rochester and the negro women were ac-\\ncordingly transferred to it.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0403.jp2"}, "402": {"fulltext": "360 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nThe men in the boats taking their turns at the oars, now continued to row\\nunder a most scalding sun, which blistered their faces, hands, and feet, and oc-\\ncasioned the most painful thirst. There being neither water nor food in the\\nboats, the only relief to be found was in keeping the feet and arms wet with\\nsalt water.\\nAbout ten o clock a large shark came near the boats, but after some time,\\nleft us.\\nThe persons in the boats, who had been incessantly exerting themselves since\\nmidnight, now began to sink from fatigue and thirst, and every eye was\\nanxiously directed towards the land. Deceived by their wishes, there were fre-\\nquent false reports that it was in sight. At last, about twelve o clock, the mate,\\nwho was standing up in his boat, was observed to wave his handkerchief and\\npoint to the west. As we strained our eyes in that direction, a faint line of blue\\nhanging above the water, and scarcely distinguishable from it, gave us the glad\\nassurance that we were really in sight of land. The hopes of the party re-\\nvived, and with it their strength. Even the poor negro, whose tongue had been\\nfor some time hanging from his mouth from exhaustion, cheered up and renewed\\nhis efforts.\\nAs we neared the land, it was found to be low, with a white sandy beach\\nskirting it.\\nDeceived by our wishes, we imagined that we saw houses and villages, but\\nthey vanished from our eyes as we approached, and melted into barren hillocks\\nand a desert shore.\\nAt three o clock, we were within a quarter of a mile of the land, and endea-\\nvoured to discover some inlet or bay which would afford us a safe landing. But\\nas far as the eye could extend, there was between us and the land an uninter-\\nrupted wall of heavy breakers roaring and dashing on it with irresistible force.\\nBeyond the beach, at the distance of two miles, the country appeared to be\\nbetter wooded and in the midst of a field several buildings were distinguish-\\nable. Behind us was the ocean, with all the recollections of the fearful night\\nfresh in every memory; before us the firm land, associated with the idea of per-\\nfect safety but between us and that place of security dashed the breakers,\\nthreatening destruction to all who should attempt to reach it through them.\\nThe mate, who was some distance in advance, as he approached the shore\\nlaid on his oars until we came up. He then mentioned that the persons in his\\nboat, worn out with fatigue, thirst, and hunger, refused to row any farther, and\\nhad determined to attempt a landing; but that he himself regarded it as a very\\ndangerous measure. Fully agreeing with him in opinion, I urged the propriety\\nof keeping down the coast, in the hope of reaching some inlet, or of meeting with\\naid from the shore. Being overruled by the persons in both boats, who insisted\\non landing at once, we most reluctantly consented to do so. Mr. Hibbert then\\nproposed, as there were ladies and children in our boat, that we should lie off\\nuntil he had made the attempt, when he would be prepared to point out the\\nbest course to us. and be ready to assist us as we reached the shore.\\nIn pursuance of this advice, our yawl was kept with her head to the sea about\\none hundred and fifty yards from the breakers, to await the result of the at-\\ntempted landing of the other boat. Every eye was fixed on her. We saw her", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0404.jp2"}, "403": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY. 361\\nrise to the summit of the first breaker and disappear behind it. Anxiously we\\nsought to catch a view of her rising on the crest of the next, but nothing for\\nsome minutes was to be seen but the sheet of angry foam which extended for a\\nhundred yards from the shore. It was now certain that she had upset, and that\\nall in her were struggling for life in the boiling surf. In a short time two per-\\nsons were seen issuing from the waves, and reaching the shore. They turned,\\nafter resting a few seconds, entered the water, and dragged two others to the\\nshore, who were thrown on the beach, where they lay apparently insensible.\\nThe two first persons were then seen to walk in a hurried manner up and down\\nthe beach, again enter the water, and bring out another. After a considerable\\ninterval of time, a sixth was dragged to the shore. Those who had landed were\\nthen observed to spread themselves along the beach, as if searching for the re-\\nmaining persons of their party; but no more appeared. After some time, they\\nwere seen to drag their boat out of the water. All further hope then ceased\\nand it was certain that five out of the eleven had perished. They were, as we\\nafterwards learned, Judge Rochester, of New- York, Mr. Bird, of Georgia, the\\nscalded fireman, and the two negro women.\\nDeterred by the fate of the other boat, my companions now consented to keep\\noff, until they could receive aid from shore, through those who had just landed\\nbut they positively refused to row any farther, as I earnestly urged them to do.\\nIt was now but three o clock, and as the sun set after seven, we had still four\\nhours of light, in which time, feeble and exhausted as we were, we could row,\\nwith the aid of the wind, eight or ten miles, in which distance there was every\\nprobability of finding some inlet or safer place of landing. There was also the\\nprobability that the wind, which was blowing freshly from the southeast, would sub-\\nside at sunset; or that a squall, then forming over the land, would come out, and\\nenable us to run in with safety when the first gust of wind should flatten the sea,\\nwhich was breaking on the shore from the southeast. On men suffering from\\nintense thirst, and exhausted by fatigue, these arguments had, however, no in-\\nfluence. Exertion had become severely painful; and as long as there was the\\nfaintest hope of safety, they were willing to encounter the danger before them,\\nrather than continue their labour and sufferings.\\nThose who had landed were observed to drag their boat across the beach, with\\nthe intention, as we supposed, of proceeding to the settlement which was observ-\\ned in the distance beyond it. The mate was at the same time seen to walk down\\nthe beach in the direction of a fisherman s hut about a mile and a half south.\\nAfter having been out of sight for some time, the men who had dragged the boat\\nacross the beach returned, except two, and the mate soon afterwards joined them.\\nTo our signals of inquiry what we should do, they replied by gestures not to be\\nmisunderstood that we should continue to keep off, and by no means attempt to\\nland. Our party now became desponding, and insisted on landing. Against this\\nI warmly remonstrated; but was compelled finally to enter into the compromise\\nwith them, that if, when the sun touched the horizon, no aid came to our relief,\\nI would steer them to land.\\nThe time dragged heavily along as, with the bow to the sea, the boat was\\nmerely kept from drifting into the breakers; while we watched anxiously, but in\\nvain, for the hoped-for succour. The wished-for squall, after rising for some time,", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0405.jp2"}, "404": {"fulltext": "362 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nwas borne back by the wind from the sea, which, instead of diminishing, fresh-\\nened up considerably as the evening approached. The sun at last sunk behind\\nthe heavy mass of clouds that obscured the western sky, and admonished me\\nthat the lime had arrived when the perilous act of landing was to be attempted.\\nWhen I beheld the two helpless ladies and their children, doomed, as it appeared\\nto me, to almost certain destruction, I again appealed to the men to abandon the\\nattempt. It was, however, made in vain; and submitting to the necessity of the\\ncase, I proceeded to make such arrangements as promised to increase the proba-\\nbility of safety.\\nBarney, the young sailor, as the person most to be relied on, was requested to\\nendeavour to save Mrs. should we be upset. Solomon, the negro man,\\nwas to take care of her child; and as Mr. had his son to attend to,\\nMr. was requested to take Mrs. s child. But as he declared him-\\nself unable to render any assistance, the only alternative was to adopt Mrs.\\ns suggestion, to lash her infant to her person, and to endeavour to save\\nthem both myself. Having requested the ladies to avoid grasping any one around\\nthe neck or waist who came to their assistance; and the general direction hav-\\ning been given to the party to advance forward rapidly as the breakers struck\\nthem, to stand still and brace themselves as they receded, and to recover, if pos-\\nsible, their footing, should they fall, I requested Barney and Solomon to prepare\\nthemselves for the attempt of landing, by taking some rest in the bottom of the\\nboat. Following their example, I instantly fell asleep and remained in that\\nstate for a quarter of an hour, when, being awoke by one of the men, I took\\nthe steering oar, whilst Barney and Solomon rowed.\\nProceeding down the coast about a quarter of a mile, the head of the boat was\\nturned to the shore; and waiting until the third heavy roller raised us on its\\ncrest, the order to row was given and in an instant we were among the break-\\ners. The sea broke under and around us in one wide sheet of hissing and boil-\\ning foam and the boat darted forward with the velocity of an arrow, as it was\\nhnpelled by the breaker, which was roaring and dashing with headlong fury to\\nthe shore. For a moment there was a hope that the boat would preserve her\\ncourse, and escape upsetting; but the next instant the following wave dashed\\ntiie oar out of the hands of the negro, and before he could use that which I threw\\nto him, the boat broached-to. Another breaker came roaring behind! For a\\nmoment it hung with its curling crest threatening over us, then rushed down\\nwith the noise and force of a cataract. The water dashed madly into the boat, and\\nin an instant she was turned bottom up, and we were all precipitated into the sea.\\nI felt a severe blow on the back of my head, and another on my breast the water\\nhissed with a confused and rushing sound as it entered ray ears and nostrils, and\\nI found myself under the water, and the boat above me. Holding my breath, I\\ndove down perpendicularly, struck off horizontally until the light was seen above,\\nand then arose to the surface. As I reached it, the boat was floating a few yards\\nfrom me, keel up; and beyond it the men, who had just reached the surface,\\nwere swimming for the shore.\\nGlancing my eyes rapidly around, neither of the ladies nor the children were\\nto be seen; but in a few seconds the back of Mrs. came slowly to the sur-\\nface. Her head and feet were under water, and she appeared to be struggling.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0406.jp2"}, "405": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY. 363\\nAs I reached her and brought her head above the water, T found that she had\\nher son by the wrist, having convulsively retained the grasp she had of his arm\\nas she sat by him before the boat upset. Keeping them above the water, I re-\\ngained the bottom of the boat; and supporting them across it, called to Barney\\nand Solomon, and reminded them of their promise to save that lady and her child.\\nThey both immediately turned back, and came to my assistance. I then gave\\none to each; and perceiving that they were in a fair way of being saved, directed\\nmy attention to Mrs. and her child. They were nowhere to be seen\\nand I was about diving under the boat, supposing that they might be entangled\\nthere, when something brushed against my feet, and looking down, I saw a body\\nfloating, about three feet deep, with the undertow out to sea. Diving down and\\ngrasping at the head, I caught Mrs. by the hair, and brought her to the\\nsurface. She was still conscious and glancing my eyes down to the infant,\\nwhich continued bound to her body, I had the happiness to find that it was also\\nalive, and so little injured that it was as composed as if resting in its nurse s arms.\\nSupporting them with my right hand, I swam back to the boat, and held on to\\nthe keel with my left. In this situation we were forced towards the shore by\\nthe breakers, which rolled over us with such violence that it was with difficulty\\nI retained my hold, as each wave buried me and my charge beneath it. Feeling\\nthe bottom with my feet, as the fourth wave passed over us, I determined to\\nabandon my hold of the boat, as there was danger that it would be dashed against\\nus and taking Mrs. by the arm, we waded for the shore. The bottom\\nwas in ridges, and the sand slipped from under our feet, whilst the receding\\nwaves rushed past us with great force. We had not proceeded very far, when\\nMrs. fell. I made several ineffectual attempts to raise her up; and as\\nthe water was sweeping us back into the sea, I felt assured that she must perish\\nunless she could be got up. Reminding her of my observation that her safety\\ndepended on her keeping her feet, I requested her to attempt to rise. Fortunate-\\nly, she was sufficiently collected to do so and after a further effort, we reached\\nthe edge of the beach when the gentlemen of the first boat, who, seeing us about\\nmaking the attempt to land, had run forward to meet us, came into the water and\\nrelieved me.\\nThe excitement being now over, my strength suddenly failed me, and I fell\\ndown in the water. As the waves passed over me, I crawled forward on my\\nhands and knees; and sinking my fingers in the sand, held on as they receded.\\nWith painful effort. I at length reached the beach beyond the waves, when,\\nbeing completely exhausted, I threw myself in an almost insensible state on\\nthe sand. I had the happiness, however, before I did so, of knowing that the\\nladies and their children, with every person belonging to our boat, were safely\\nlanded.\\nThe first object, after reaching the shore, was to screen the ladies and children\\nfrom the keen easterly wind, which, in their thin and drenched clothes, threat-\\nened to chill them with an ague. The only protection which offered was the lee\\nside of a small sandy hillock and to this they were taken and covered with dry\\ngrass and sand, to protect them against the air. The mate then, with the aid of\\nsome shells which were picked up on the beach, dug a hole in the sand, and pro-\\ncured a scanty supply of muddy and brackish water. Nauseous as it would", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0407.jp2"}, "406": {"fulltext": "364 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nhave proved under ordinary circumstances, it was now most grateful and re-\\nfreshing to persons, none of whom had tasted food or water for twenty-four hours.\\nAfter this slight refreshment, the gentlemen of the party placed themselves in a\\nrow on the sand, lying as closely as they could together, for mutual warmth, and\\nwere all soon asleep.\\nSoon after ten o clock, we heard the welcome hail of those who had gone for as-\\nsistance and in a few minutes we received the glad assurance that they had\\nreturned with boats, food, and clothing.\\nA jug of coffee, another of water, with fried bacon and corn bread, were di-\\nvided among us and a most welcome distribution of homespun garments, of\\nevery size and kind, was made among the half-clad and shivering party. We\\nthen embarked in canoes, and crossed Stump Sound, which separated the small\\nbarren island, called the Bermudas, from the main-land; and as the clock struck\\neleven, we found ourselves in the house of the kind-hearted Mr. Tigler Kedd, of\\nOnslow County, North Carolina.\\nOne day had just elapsed since the deep sound of the bursting boiler had\\nawoke two hundred human beings in the darkness of the night, and in the\\nmidst of the wild ocean, from their unsuspecting slumbers, to the certainty of a\\nspeedy and terrible death. We, a small remnant of that gallant crew, found\\nourselves, by the blessing of Providence, alive and on land, after a day of suffer-\\ning, which embraced within its brief space more of excitement, and of danger,\\nof horrible and painful recollection, than occur in many long years of ordinary\\nexistence.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0408.jp2"}, "407": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY.\\n365\\nDISTINGUISHED MEN OF CHATHAM.\\nRev. J. J. Zubly.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 This gentleman was a native of Saltzburg,\\nGermany, and appeared to be active among the sons of liberty at the\\ncommencement of the Revolution. In the first Provincial Congress\\nof Georgia he was placed on the most important committees, and\\nappointed a member of the Continental Congress. He suddenly left\\nthe Congress at Philadelphia, and took sides with the crown. He\\nwas accused of treasonable correspondence with Sir James Wright.\\nHe returned to Savannah, and, to avoid the indignation of the peo-\\nple, for some time lay concealed in the cellar of a Whig lady, Mrs.\\nSmith, the grandmother of A. Smith, Esq., of Roswell.\\nWe believe that he was afterwards restored to favour with the\\npublic, so as to be useful during the remainder of his life as a clergy-\\nman. He died in Savannah in 1781.\\nCOLONEL FRANCIS H. HARRIS.\\nIn the Magnolia, published in 1842, by P. C. Pendleton, Esq., we\\nfind the following notice of Colonel Harris\\nLieutenant-Colonel Francis H. Harris was a native of Georgia.\\nHis father, the Hon. Francis Harris, was among the earliest settlers\\nof this State, having come from England immediately after Ogle-\\nthorpe had planted the colony. When a boy, he was sent to England\\nto receive his education, and whilst he was prosecuting his studies,\\nthe disturbances between the mother country and the colonies com-\\nmenced. His devotion to his native country would not permit him to", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0409.jp2"}, "408": {"fulltext": "366 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nremain in England, and accordingly he left college, and arrived in\\nGeorgia just in time to be amongst the first to take up arms in resist-\\ning the oppressions of Great Britain. He was appointed a Captain by\\nthe Continental Congress, and in a short time afterwards was pro-\\nmoted to the command of a battalion. In this capacity, he is men-\\ntioned, in the History of South Carolina, as leading a detachment of\\nContinental troops to relieve Charleston when it was besieged by\\nGeneral Prevost. At Ashe s defeat at Briar Creek, after a gallant\\ndefence, he was taken prisoner by the enemy. He was present in\\nthe battles at Camden and Eutaw, and displayed great prowess and\\nskill. He died in 1782, and was buried at the high hills of Santee\\nbut his relatives have never been able to discover his grave.\\nThe Hon. Jonathan Bryan was a prominent man in the early his-\\ntory of Georgia, and distinguished himself by his opposition to the\\narbitrary measures of the crown. This patriot, with his son James,\\nwas sent to New- York and placed on board of a prison-ship. He was\\nfinally exchanged and afterwards, although eighty years of age, fought\\nunder General Wayne. He died March 12, 178b.*\\nDavid Montaigut, Esq., died in 1796, aged eighty years. This gen-\\ntleman had been Speaker of the House of Assembly, Judge of the\\nCourt of Conscience, Naval Officer, Vice-Consul of France, and Sec-\\nretary to most of the societies in Savannah. His father and mother\\nlived to be about the same age with himself.\\nMajor John Habersham died on the 19th of November, 1799, at\\nthe age of forty-five years. In the American Revolution he early de-\\nfended the rights of his country, and was promoted to the rank of\\nMajor in the First Continental Regiment of Georgia. He was a\\nmember of Congress in 1785 and 86. Upon the organization of the\\nFederal Constitution, he was appointed Collector of the Port of\\nSavannah, in which office he continued until his death.\\nMajor John Barnard, a soldier of the Revolution, died in this\\ncounty at the age of sixty-nine years. Unequivocal in his attachment\\nto our republican institutions, he always raised his voice in favour of\\nthose men and those measures which he believed most friendly to re-\\npublican principles.\\nHon. Anthony Stokes. This gentleman was a native of Wales,\\nand upon coming to Georgia, became Chief Justice. He was decided\\non the part of the crown, and, at the evacuation of Charleston by\\nthe British troops, he became a loyalist refugee.\\nExtract from a letter addressed to Lord George Germain by Major- General Prevost,\\ndated January 18th, 1779 On the first of January, Lieutenan Clarke, of the Phoenix,\\nwas detached with row-boats about seventeen miles up the river Savannah, above Savan-\\nnah, upon information that the late rebel Governor of Georgia was at a plantation on\\nthe South Carolina shore. He did not get the Governor, but returned with one Bryan,\\na notorious ringleader of rebellion.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0410.jp2"}, "409": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY. 367\\nHon. William Stephens, District Judge of Georgia, died in this\\ncounty, at the age of sixty-seven. He was the son of William Ste-\\nphens, Esq., President of the Colony of Georgia, and was distinguish-\\ned for his fine intellect and amiable disposition.\\nHon. James Jones was born in Maryland, and came to Georgia when\\nvery young. After he was admitted to the practice of the law, he\\nsettled in Savannah, where he soon became very popular. He was\\noften a member of the Legislature, and in 1 798 was elected to Con-\\ngress. He died at Washington City, 12th January, 1801.\\nHon. Noble Wymberley Jones. This patriot was born near Lon-\\ndon, in the year 1723 or 1724. At the commencement of the dissensions\\nbetween Great Britain and the colonies, Mr. Jones took a decided stand\\nin favour of the latter. He was among the first of those who asso-\\nciated for the purpose of sending delegates to a General Congress at\\nPhiladelphia, and would have gone himself as one, had it not been\\nfor the entreaties of his father, then the Treasurer of the Province,\\nand a member of the Council, who was far advanced in years.\\nHe was, however, chosen Speaker of the Provincial Legislature\\nand at every new election consequent upon the frequent dissolutions\\nof the House of Commons by the Governor, he was returned, and\\nelected to that office. When Savannah fell under the power of the\\nBritish, in 1778, he removed to Charleston, where he was arrested,\\nby order of the British commander, and carried to St. Augustine. On\\nthe following July he was released, and went to Philadelphia.\\nIn this city he remained some time, practising medicine. Whilst\\nhere, he was appointed by the Legislature of Georgia a delegate to\\nCongress, and continued in that capacity until 1782, when he returned\\nto Savannah. He died on the 9th of January, 1805, honoured by the\\ncommunity as an honest man, a sterling patriot, and a skilful physi-\\ncian.*\\nJohn Y. Noel, Esq., died in Savannah acknowledged to be one of\\nthe first lawyers of his day.\\nHon. Judge William Davies died in Savannah. His talents were\\nof a high order. He was a gentleman of unspotted integrity.\\nHon. Thomas U. P. Charlton died in the city of Savannah. He was\\ndistinguished for his legal learning. In 1808 he published the Life of\\nGeneral James Jackson.\\nColonel John White. This gentleman was an Englishman by\\nbirth, of Irish parentage, and was atone time a surgeon in the British\\nnavy. On leaving the naval service, he embarked with his family for\\nAmerica, and purchased a suitable residence near Philadelphia.\\nAbridged from a sketch in the Americana Encyclopaedia, vol. T p. 479", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0411.jp2"}, "410": {"fulltext": "368 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nWhen the Revolution commenced, and all aliens were ordered to\\nquit the country or to take the oath of allegiance, he preferred the\\nlatter, saying that he had fought for the King as long as he ate\\nhis bread, but that now America was his home, and for America he\\nwould now fight. He entered the American army as a captain, and\\nwas promoted to the rank of colonel. His regiment (4th Georgia\\nBattalion) was ordered to Savannah. His exposure and fatigue\\nbrought on a pulmonary disease, of which he died in Virginia.*\\nColonel White effected, during the siege of Savannah, one of the most\\nextraordinary captures the annals of warfare ever recorded. When\\nGeneral Prevost called in his detachments, he ordered the com-\\nmandant at Sunbury, on the Georgia coast, upon evacuating that\\npost, to put the invalids on board of the small-armed vessels, and to\\nsend them by the inland navigation to Savannah, under the care of\\nCaptain French, of the British Regulars. In consequence of head\\nwinds, Captain French and his command were detained until some\\nof D Estaing s fleet wejje in possession of the pass, and he was in-\\nduced to sail up the Ogeechee River until he reached a point about\\ntwenty-five miles from the city of Savannah. Having arrived here,\\nhe learned that the passage over land was also blocked up by the\\nallied force, and he therefore made a descent upon the shore, and\\nfinally took post with his party about fifteen or twenty miles\\nfrom Savannah. Colonel White, having ascertained that Captain\\nFrench s force consisted of one hundred and eleven soldiers, possessing\\none hundred and thirty stand of arms, and that he also had under his\\ncharge, in the river Ogeechee, adjacent to his camp, five vessels,\\nfour of them fully armed, and one of them mounting fourteen guns,\\nand manned by forty seamen, formed the resolution of capturing the\\ndetachment. He disclosed his plan to those who were with him.\\nMcCall, in his History of Georgia, says that the party consisted of\\nColonel White, Captains Geo. Melvin and A. E. Elholm, a sergeant\\nand three privates, seven in all. Other historians make no mention\\nof Captain Melvin, or of a sergeant, but give the whole praise to Col-\\nonel White, Elholm, and three soldiers, reducing the number to five.\\nWhite built many watch-fires around the camp, placing them in such\\na position, and at such intervals, as to induce Captain French and his\\nsoldiers to believe that he was absolutely surrounded by a large\\nforce. The deception was kept up through the night by White and\\nhis companions, marching from fire to fire with the measured tread\\nand the loud challenge of sentinels, now hailing from the east of\\nthe British camp, and then shifting rapidly their position and\\nchallenging from the extreme west. Nor was this the only strata-\\ngem each mounted a horse and rode with haste in divers directions,\\nimitating the manner of the staff, and giving orders with a loud\\nvoice. The delusion was complete. Captain French suffered hinv\\nself to be completely trapped. White carried his daring plan for-\\nward by dashing boldly and alone to the camp of the British, and\\nExtract from MSS. furnished by the Hon. R. M. Charlton, of Savannah.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0412.jp2"}, "411": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY. 369\\ndemanding a conference with French. I am the commander,\\nSir, he said, of the American soldiers in your vicinity. If you\\nwill surrender at once to my force, I will see to it that no injury is\\ndone to you or your command. If you decline to do this, I must\\ncandidly inform you that the feelings of my troops are highly in-\\ncensed against you, and I can by no means be responsible for any\\nconsequences that may ensue. French thanked him for his hu-\\nmanity, and said, despond ingly, that it was useless to contend with\\nfate or with the large force that he saw was around him, and an-\\nnounced, his willingness to surrender his vessels, his arms, his men,\\nand himself to Colonel White. At this instant Captain Elholm\\ncame suddenly dashing up at full speed, and saluting White, in-\\nquired of him where he should place the artillery. Keep them\\nback, keep them back, Sir, answered White, the British have sur-\\nrendered. Move your men off, and send me three guides to conduct\\nthem to the American post at Sunbury. The three guides arrived.\\nThe five vessels were burned, and the British, urged by White to\\nkeep clear of his men, and to hasten their departure from the en-\\nraged and formidable Americans, pushed on with great celerity,\\nwhilst White retired with one or two of his associates, stating that\\nhe would go to his troops in the rear and restrain them. He now\\nemployed himself in collecting the neighbourhood militia, with\\nwhich he overtook his guides, and conducted, them in safety to the\\nSunbury post.\\nLee, in his account of this affair, says\\nThe extraordinary address of White was contrasted by the extra-\\nordinary folly of French, and both were necdfesary to produce this\\nwonderful issue. The affair approaches too near the marvellous to\\nhave been admitted into these memoirs, had it not been uniformly\\nasserted, as uniformly accredited, and never contradicted. Captain\\nElholm was an officer of Pulaski s Legion. Captain Melvin, it is be-\\nlieved, lived and died in Savannah.\\nHon. Joseph Habersham was the son of James Habersham, born 28th\\nJuly, 1751. Among all the patriots of Georgia, there were none\\nmore devoted to liberty than Joseph Habersham. On every occasion\\nin which danger was to be encountered, or service performed, he was\\nactively engaged. In 1795 he was appointed by Washington Post-\\nmaster-General of the United States. He died on the 17th of No-\\nvember, 1815.\\nThe Rev. Henry Kollock, D. D., was for many years the pastor of\\nthe Independent Presbyterian Church in the City of Savannah. This\\ndistinguished minister was born in New-Jersey, on the 14th of De-\\ncember, 1778. On the 7th of May, 1800, he was licensed to preach,\\nandl was shortly afterwards invited to become the pastor of a church\\nin Elisabethtown, which he accepted, and continued there until 1803,\\nwhen he removed to Princeton, to take upon him the office of Profes-\\nsor of Divinity, to which he had been elected. In 1806, he entered\\n24", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0413.jp2"}, "412": {"fulltext": "370 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nupon his duties as pastor of the Independent Presbyterian Church in\\nSavannah, and continued in that relation until the 29th of December,\\n1819, when he was removed by death. As a preacher, Dr. Kollock\\npossessed a reputation surpassed by few in America. As a pastor, he\\nwas diligent and prudent. In private life he was kind and tender. A\\nbeautiful monument has been erected to his memory in the Savannah\\nCemetery, by his congregation.\\nRev. Henry Holcombe was the son of Grimes and Elisabeth Hol-\\ncombe, and was born in the County of Prince Edward, Va., on the\\n22d of September, 17G2. When very young, his parents removed to\\nSouth Carolina. At eleven years of age he completed all the edu-\\ncation he ever received from a living preceptor. When the Revolu-\\ntion commenced, he hastened to the standard of liberty, joined the\\narmy, and was made a Captain, but soon directing his mind to reli-\\ngious subjects, he resigned his commission, connected himself with\\nthe Baptist denomination, and immediately commenced preaching.\\nIn a short time afterwards he accepted a call to become the pastor of\\na church at Pipe Creek, South Carolina. Here he continued la-\\nbouring to advance the interests of religion, and multitudes under his\\nministry were brought to the knowledge of the truth. Whilst pastor\\nof this church, he was honoured by being appointed a member of the\\nSouth Carolina Convention, which ratified the Constitution of the\\nUnited States. On the first of February, 1791, he became pastor of\\nthe church at the Euhaw, in Beaufort District, South Carolina. Here\\nhis influence was immediately felt, in removing the prejudices which\\nhad long existed against the denomination to which he was attached,\\nand he may be considered as the founder of the Baptist Church at\\nBeaufort. The citizens of Beaufort elected him President of a so-\\nciety for the encouragement of literature. Mr. Holcombe discharged\\nhis duty with uncommon zeal, and took great interest in the estab-\\nlishment of the Beaufort College, of which he was made a trustee.\\nIn 1799 he removed to Savannah, and in 1800 became pastor of the\\nBaptist Church in Savannah. In every scheme proposing the reli-\\ngious and intellectual improvement of the people, no one could ex-\\nhibit more zeal than Mr. Holcombe. The Georgia Analytical Repo-\\nsitory, the first periodical published in Georgia, originated with, and\\nwas conducted by him. In 1804 he selected a site for a seminary,\\nand petitioned the General Assembly of Georgia for an act of incor-\\nporation, but was refused, a small majority supposing that if the\\nBaptists became directors of a college, their numbers and influence\\nwould be dangerous to the religious liberties of the State. It was\\ninsinuated in the public papers that the Baptists were the leading de-\\nnomination in Georgia, and if they obtained a charter with a cele-\\nbrated writer at their head, the treasury would be in an alarming\\ncondition, and eventually everything would be under Baptist direc-\\ntion. Several applications for an act of incorporation were after-\\nwards made, and finally the General Assembly incorporated the se-\\nminary, under the title of the Trustees of the Mount Enon Aca-", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0414.jp2"}, "413": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0415.jp2"}, "414": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0416.jp2"}, "415": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY. 371\\ndemy, which for several years was in successful^ operation. In 1810\\nhe resigned his charge of the church in Savannah, and retired to\\nMount Enon for the purpose of recruiting his health. Whilst here,\\nhe was called to Beaufort and Boston, both of which calls he de-\\nclined. He afterwards accepted a call to be pastor of the First Bap-\\ntist Church in Philadelphia, in which city he died on the 22d of May,\\n1824.\\nHon. Charles Harris was born in England, and received his edu-\\ncation in France. He came to Georgia in 1788, settled in Savannah,\\nand became one of the most profound lawyers in Georgia. He died\\nMarch 17, 1827.\\nRev. Edward Neufville, D. D. We feel that we would be failing\\nin our duty did we not give this gentleman a place in our Collections.\\nAt the age of twenty he took his degree at Columbia College, New-\\nYork, and entered upon the study of divinity in the General Theo-\\nlogical Seminary of the Episcopal Church. He received deacon s\\norders in 1824. His first and only parish, save the one in which he\\ndied, (Christ Church, Savannah,) was Prince William s, South Caro-\\nlina. Upon the death of the Rev. Abiel Carter, in 1827, then pastor\\nof Christ Church, Dr. Neufville was called to fill the. vacancy. For\\nnearly a quarter of a century did he continue to occupy this respon-\\nsible station, and we hazard nothing in saying, that few ministers\\nhave passed so blamelessly, and so successfully, through so long a\\ncourse of service. He died on the first of January, 1851.\\nHon. John Macpherson Berrien. The paternal ancestors of this\\ngentleman were Huguenots. Fleeing from France to Holland on the\\nrevocation of the Edict of Nantes, two brothers emigrated to this\\ncountry, and settled, the one on Long Island, the other in New- Jer-\\nsey.\\nHis paternal grandfather, John Berrien, was one of the Judges of\\nthe Supreme Court of New-Jersey.\\nThe father of the subject of this memoir, Major John Berrien, of\\nwhom we give a brief sketch in another part of this work, came\\nto Georgia at a very early age. Towards the close of the Revolu-\\ntionary War he married, in Philadelphia, Margaret Macpherson, the\\nsister of John Macpherson, (aid-de-camp of General Montgomery,\\nwho fell with him at Quebec,) and of General William Macpherson,\\nwho served in the American army until the close of the war. The\\nlatter gentleman had a commission in the British army, and the com-\\npany under his command was stationed at New-York but beino- un-\\nwilling to bear arms against his countrymen, he applied for permis-\\nsion to resign, which was granted, coupled with a condition that he\\nshould not leave the British lines, within which he remained under\\nthe surveillance of a soldier, being indulged, however, with the liberty\\nof going in pursuit of ducks on the East River, attended by his guard.\\nHaving one day advanced some distance from the city, he put his fu-", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0419.jp2"}, "416": {"fulltext": "372 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nsee to the head of his attendant, and ordered him to pull him over to\\nthe Long Island shore, where he was received by a party of Ameri-\\ncans.\\nThis fact being- known to Congress, that body gave him a Major s\\ncommission in the American army. Major Berrien having returned\\nto Georgia, after the termination of his military service, to prepare\\nfor the reception of his family, his wife was left at his mother s\\nhouse in New-Jersey.\\nThis house had been the head-quarters of the army, and from it\\nWashington s farewell address to that gallant band was issued.\\nHere the subject of this sketch was born, on the 23d of August, 1781.\\nMr. Berrien, then, can claim a double nativity in New-Jersey, the\\nplace of his actual birth, and in Georgia, that of his father s domicil,\\nto which he was brought when a few months old. His academical\\neducation was obtained at various schools in New- York and New-\\nJersey, and he was graduated at Princeton at the age of fifteen. It\\nis not unworthy of note that this time-honoured institution, in 1830,\\nconferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Laws, on the occasion\\nof his delivering an address before its two literary societies.\\nReturning to Georgia, he commenced the study of law under the\\ndirection of the Hon. Joseph Clay, and such was his assiduity,\\nthat before he had attained the age of eighteen years he was admitted\\nto the bar. He opened his office first at Louisville, then the seat ot\\ngovernment, and afterwards in the city of Savannah, and applied\\nhimself with indefatigable industry to the profession in which he had\\nembarked. His books were his delight, and to his studious habits in\\nthe early stages of his legal career may doubtless be attributed the\\ngreat success which he afterwards met with, and which at this time\\nplaces him among the first lawyers in America.\\nIn November, 1809, he was elected Solicitor of the Eastern Dis-\\ntrict of the State of Georgia, and the following year judge of the\\nsame district. At this period the judicial term was limited to three\\nyears, and Mr. Berrien was elected four times to that office. The\\nwar with England from 1812 to 1815, in the earlier portion of Mr\\nBerrien s judicial career, and the excitement of the public mind in\\nsuch a crisis, in no small degree added to the responsibilities of his\\nstation. The excesses which prevailed at that period are doubtless\\nremembered by many persons now living, and we are sure that they will\\naward to Mr. Berrien the praise of having administered the laws with\\nprudence, firmness, and impartiality. During the period of his judi-\\ncial service, the State was agitated by the advocates and opponents\\nof what were called the alleviating laws certain legislative acts\\nwhich prevented the collection of debts, and in effect almost closed\\nthe courts of justice for all civil suits. The question of the constitu\\ntionality of these acts was brought before a Convention of Judges of\\nthe State, assembled at Augusta, at which Mr. Berrien prepared and\\ndelivered the unanimous opinion of those judges, declaring the law\\nto be unconstitutional, and thus reopening the courts of justice to\\nthe people. Whilst upon the bench, Mr. Berrien frequently recom-", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0420.jp2"}, "417": {"fulltext": "*n jtoxD-jp-*^", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0421.jp2"}, "418": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0422.jp2"}, "419": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY. 373\\nmended to the General Assembly, at their annual sessions, changes in\\nour penal code, which changes have since been made, and their utility\\nacknowledged by the wisest men in our State.\\nBelieving that the defects then existing in our judiciary system could\\nbe more efficiently corrected by the adoption of measures that would in\\nsure uniformity of interpretation, rather than by any new legislative\\nenactments which might again be liable to variety of construction, he\\nstrenuously advocated the establishment of a Court of Errors and\\nAppeals.\\nDuring the long period in which Mr. Berrien presided in the East-\\nern Circuit, it is natural to conclude that cases involving human life\\nmust have been often brought before him. Upon such occasions,\\nwhilst he felt it to be his duty to see that the mandates of the law\\nwere strictly observed, he never failed to show to those arraigned be-\\nfore him for offences, the utmost sympathy, and every indulgence not\\ninconsistent with the obligations he owed to the public weal.\\nIn discharging the last duty which the law requires in cases punish-\\nable by death, it was hardly possible for a judge to be more solemn\\nand impressive. We happen to have in our possession a copy of the\\nremarks which he delivered to an unfortunate man who had been\\nfound guilty of murder at Effingham Superior Court in 1818, and\\nfrom it we make a brief extract, to give our readers some idea of Mr.\\nBerrien s feelings and language upon such melancholy occasions.\\nAddressing himself to the culprit, the Judge said You are\\nyoung would I could add that you are innocent. The bloom of youth\\nstill plays upon your cheeks would that I could add that the con-\\nsciousness of rectitude beams from your countenance. But it may\\nnot be. The sad reality is before me, and even in your youthful vis-\\nage I behold the deep, indelible impressions with which guilt ever\\nmarks her fallen victims. Alas what is man The child of error\\nthe sport of every furious passion a helpless vessel on the tem-\\npestuous ocean of life, without a rudder to guide it from the shoals\\nand quicksands of vice. Such is the wretched condition of him who\\nmadly refuses to yield to reason s guidance.\\nIn Mcintosh, one of the counties embraced in Judge Berrien s\\ncircuit, a case of homicide occurred, which at the time produced\\nmuch excitement. At the session of the Legislature of 1818, a reso-\\nlution was adopted directing inquiries to be made in reference to the\\nconduct of the Court and Sheriff. Learning that reports as injurious to\\nhis reputation as they were unfounded, had been circulated in some\\nportions of the State, Mr. Berrien came to Milledgeville, and ad-\\ndressed a letter to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, in\\nwhich he demanded a full investigation of his conduct. A commit-\\ntee, composed of some of the first men in Georgia, was appointed to\\nexamine the matter, and after a patient investigation, both houses re-\\nported unanimously that Judge Berrien stood acquitted and dis-\\ncharged, and that whilst they would watch with an attentive and\\njealous eye the administration of the public justice, they would guard\\nand protect with a steady hand the inestimable boon of private vir-", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0423.jp2"}, "420": {"fulltext": "374 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\ntue and judicial reputation and they therefore recommended the fol-\\nlowing resolution, which was adopted\\nu That in the trial, conviction, and sentence of John L. Hopkins, the conduct\\nof the Hon. John Macpherson Berrien was identified with ability, unyielding vir-\\ntue, and rigid integrity.\\nDuring a part of trie time in which Mr. Berrien occupied a seat\\nupon the bench, as has already been stated, war existed between\\nEngland and the United States. With a regiment of volunteer\\ncavalry under his command, he performed a short tour of service at\\nDarien, while the British forces were upon the Island of St. Simons,\\nand in the adjacent waters, but did not come into contact with the\\nenemy.\\nMr. Berrien resigned his office as Judge in the second year of his\\nfourth term, and returned to the practice of law, which soon became\\nvery extensive.\\nIn 1822 and 1823, he represented the County of Chatham in the\\nState Senate, and as the journals of that body will show, with dis-\\ntinguished ability.\\nA wider field, however, for the exercise of his talents was reserved\\nfor Mr. Berrien, viz., the Senate of the United States, to which he\\nwas transferred by the Legislature of Georgia in 1824, and took his\\nseat in that body on the 4th of March, 1825.\\nIt is not in accordance with the plan of this work to express\\nopinions in regard to the policy and propriety of any measures advo-\\ncated in their official capacity by those whose memoirs we have pre-\\npared. This task we leave for others remarking, however, at the\\nsame time, that during the period of Mr. Berrien s senatorial term,\\nabove referred to, there was not a subject of general interest with\\nwhich he did not display consummate knowledge. His speeches\\nbefore the Senate were always listened to with profound attention,\\nand acquired for him the reputation of being one of the most gifted\\norators and able statesmen in our country.\\nIn 1829, Mr. Berrien received the appointment of Attorney\\nGeneral of the United States, in consequence of which he resigned\\nhis seat in the Senate. For this office his great .legal attainments\\neminently qualified him, but owing to a want of concert in President\\nJackson s Cabinet, Mr. Berrien resigned his office in 1831, and re-\\nsumed the practice of his profession in the city of Savannah, and\\ncontinued in it until 1841, serving intermediately in a State Con-\\nvention which had been called to consider the ratio of representatior\\nin the Legislature.\\nIn 1840, Mr. Berrien was again elected to the Senate of the United\\nStates, and took his seat on the 4th of March, 1841. This period of\\nour country s history will long be remembered for the important and\\ndelicate political questions which agitated the councils of the* nation.\\nIn them Mr. Berrien took a prominent part, and added to the fame\\nhe had already acquired.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0424.jp2"}, "421": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY. 375\\nAt the session of the Legislature of Georgia in 1841, the Com-\\nmittee upon the State of the Republic reported a series of resolu-\\ntions expressive of disapprobation of the political course of Mr.\\nBerrien, particularly in regard to his support of the nomination of\\nthe Hon. Mr. Everett as Minister to England, the subject of a Na\\ntional Bank, the bill to distribute the proceeds of the public lands\\namong the States, the Bankrupt Law, and the Revenue and Loan Bills.\\nThe report occupied the attention of the Legislature for several\\ndays, and was finally passed, accompanied by resolutions requesting\\nthe Senators and Representatives in Congress from Georgia to vote\\nagainst the establishment of a Bank of the United States, bankrupt\\nlaw, c, c, and directing the Governor to send a copy of these re-\\nsolutions to each of the Senators and Representatives in Congress\\nfrom the State of Georgia.\\nThirty of the members declined voting on the resolutions censur-\\ning Mr. Berrien, believing that he had not done anything worthy of\\ncensure.\\nGovernor McDonald, in compliance with the directions of the\\nLegislature, sent a copy of these resolutions to Mr. Berrien and in\\nhis message to the Legislature of 1842, informed that body that he\\nhad complied with the resolutions, accompanied by some remarks\\nin regard to Mr. Berrien s course. This part of his message was re-\\nferred to the Committee upon the State of the Republic.\\nThe report of this Committee excited much feeling in the Senate.\\nOn the 6th of December, a minority of said Committee made a re-\\nport, in which the following resolution was embraced That the\\nHon. John M. Berrien, our Senator in Congress, for the able and\\ndistinguished manner in which he has discharged his public duties,\\nreceives our warmest approbation, and is entitled to the thanks and\\nconfidence of the people of Georgia. Upon receiving the report of\\na majority of the Committee, the votes stood thus yeas, 46 nays,\\n35 so the report was adopted, and Mr. Berrien was virtually pro-\\nclaimed as not representing the sentiments of the people of Georgia.\\nThe communication of Governor McDonald did not reach Mr.\\nBerrien until after the adjournment of the Legislature and being\\nthus deprived of the opportunity of replying directly to his accusers,\\nhe determined to appeal from the decision of that body to the people\\nat large. He accordingly issued an address to the people of Georgia,\\nin which, after discussing various political questions, he entered into\\na full consideration of the doctrine of legislative instruction, and\\ndenounced it, as a usurpation of power, equally inconsistent with\\nthe Constitution of the State, and of the United States.\\nJudge Story, in a letter addressed to Mr. Berrien, dated Cambridge,\\n14th of February, 1843, from which we are permitted to make the fol-\\nlowing extract, says\\nI read your address with unfeigned satisfaction. It was in every respect\\nworthy of yourself, and of your principles and I heartily concur in your power-\\nful, and, in my judgment, conclusive reasoning on all the topics which you have", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0425.jp2"}, "422": {"fulltext": "376 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\ndiscussed. My only regret is, that the address is not put in pamphlet form, so as\\nto be capable of a more enduring mode of preservation. Your argument upon\\nwhat is called the right of instruction is exceedingly cogent, and, as I think,\\nunanswerable. If ever my work on the Constitution shall reach another edi-\\ntion, I mean to extract the passage, and use it in that work. have laid aside\\nthe newspaper for this purpose, among my choice collections.\\nThis appeal of Mr. Berrien was generally circulated among the\\npeople of Georgia.\\nAt the session of the Legislature of 1843, the following preamble\\nand resolutions were adopted:\\nThe last General Assembly of the State of Georgia having adopted a series\\nof resolutions, approved on the 28th of December, 1842. censuring the course of\\nthe Hon. John M. Berrien, one of our Senators in Congress, withdrawing their\\nconfidence from him, and declaring that they would not receive from, nor address\\nto him any communication to further the interests or defend the rights of the\\npeople of Georgia, the General Assembly feel constrained to restore the relations\\nthus dissevered between the people of Georgia and their faithful Senator, and to\\nexpress their confidence in his worth and patriotism.\\nBe it therefore Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the\\nState of Georgia, in General Assembly met, That we and our constituents approve\\nthe course of the Hon. John M. Berrien in the Senate of the United States, and\\ncherish an honest pride in his enlightened patriotism and distinguished ability.\\nResolved further, That we especially commend his uncompromising resistance\\nto the disorganizing doctrine of legislative instruction.\\nResolved further, That this General Assembly hereby express their unqualified\\nconfidence in their honourable Senator; that it will always be their pride and\\ntheir pleasure to communicate with him; and that, in any and every emergency,\\nthey will address themselves to him as the willing champion and able de-\\nfender of the rights and interests of the people of Georgia.\\nResolved, That the Governor be requested to transmit a copy of these resolutions\\nto our Senators in Congress, with the request that they be laid before the Senate\\nof the United States.\\nThus sustained by the Legislature and people of Georgia, Mr. Ber-\\nrien continued in the discharge of his public duties in the Senate oi\\nthe United States and in 1847 was re-elected for another term of six\\nyears, which would have terminated on the 4th of March, 1853; but\\nhe resigned his seat in May, 1852, and retired to private life.\\nThe manner in which his resignation was announced to the Senate\\nby that excellent man, the late Vice-President King, and the remarks\\nof the Chairman of the Judiciary Committee on the occasion, afford\\nevidence of the high estimation in which Mr. Berrien was held in that\\nbody. As we have already said, Mr. Berrien bore his full share in\\nthe discussion of the exciting subjects which agitated the Senate.\\nHe was ever the uncompromising advocate of the constitutional rights\\nof the people of Georgia but he sought with equal zeal to advance\\nthe interests, and steadfastly to preserve the integrity of the Union.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0426.jp2"}, "423": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY. 377\\nTwo of Mr. Berrien s speeches are now before us one on the sub-\\nject of Slavery in the Territories, and the other on the President s\\nMessage, in relation to the slave rescue at Boston, Mass. From both\\nof these speeches we conceive it to be our duty to give a few extracts,\\nto show that he has never lost sight of his duty to Georgia.\\nFrom the first of these we make the following extract in reference\\nto the right of the people of the South to participate in the benefits\\nof all public property, and in the territories of the Union\\nThis right is based upon the equality of the States. If they be equal in dig-\\nnity, in right; if they were so at the formation of the Constitution; if nothing has\\nintervened since to produce an inequality, then the right which is claimed rests\\nupon the basis of their equality. It is the inevitable consequence of it. You can\\nperceive that such an equality of rights between the members of the Union must\\napply not only to actual possessions at any given time, but also to all future ac-\\nquisitions.\\nIt is difficult to prove so self-evident a proposition, as the equality of the States\\nof this Union at the formation of this Constitution. But let us for a moment con-\\nsider it. Thirteen independent States, loosely connected by the Articles of Con-\\nfederation, with a view to form a more perfect union, established our federal\\ncharter. That they were free and independent States, they affirmed in their De-\\nclaration of Independence, and they maintained that declaration by their wisdom\\nin council and by their gallantry in the field. That they were sovereign States\\nwas recognized by the country of which they were colonies, by a treaty in which\\nthey were severally and byname acknowledged as free, sovereign, and indepen\\ndent. Well now, sir, their equality necessarily resulted from their sovereignty,\\nas sovereignty is correlative to equality. I do not know whether upon a question\\nof this sort it may be necessary to resort to authorities; but Vattel says:\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Since\\nmen are naturally equal, and a perfect equality prevails in their rights and obli-\\ngations, as equally proceeding from nature nations composed of men, and con-\\nsidered as so many free persons living together in a state of nature, are naturally\\nequal, and inherit from nature the same obligations and rights. Power or weak-\\nness does not in this respect produce any difference. A dwarf is as much a man\\nas a giant a small republic is no less a sovereign State than the most powerful\\nkingdom. The thirteen States of this Union, then, entered into the bond which\\nnow unites us as equals. The Constitution of the United States recognizes that\\nequality as existing between the States, not only by its grants, but also by its\\nreservations of power.\\nIn the exercise of these, their equal rights, they formed a Constitution and\\nestablished a government to administer it. Now, is it to be doubted\u00e2\u0080\u0094 this is the\\ninquiry which I would address to the Senate\u00e2\u0080\u0094 is it to be doubted that a govern-\\nment so formed was to be conducted for the common and equal benefit of all\\nthose equal and sovereign States who formed it?\\nWe wish we had space to allow us to give more extracts from this\\nspeech, particularly that portion of it which relates to the Mexican laws\\non the subject of slavery but we are compelled to omit it.\\nMr. Berrien concluded his speech in the following language", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0427.jp2"}, "424": {"fulltext": "378 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nI hope to return to that people, bearing to them the evidence of your disposi-\\ntion to preserve the peace and harmony of the Union. I know their devotion to\\nit. For myself. I do not hesitate to say that disunion is an idea which, even in\\nimagination, I cannot fully realize. In moments of despondency, it floats before\\nmy mind, as a shapeless vision, to which I can give no distinct form, dimly ex-\\nposing to my view, in the background, the horrors of anarchy and civil commo-\\ntion. I could not draw the dividing line by any effort of imagination of which I\\nam capable. I am not within the broad limits of the State in which I dwell\\nI do not believe there is a single advocate of disunion but that which the under-\\nstanding cannot devise, which the imagination cannot conceive, desperation,\\nproduced by a sense of injustice, may accomplish. I pray that it may be averted.\\nMy best efforts shall be employed to avert it. 1 do not indicate the course which\\nGeorgia will pursue, if the measures which you propose are carried into execu-\\ntion. That is for her people to determine and I am but one of these. I can\\nonly say, that the rights and the interests of that people are mine that they are\\nendeared to me by a thousand recollections which can never be obliterated that\\nI cannot separate myself from a gallant and patriotic people, the protectors of my\\ninfancy, who have in manhood extended to me a generous and unwavering con-\\nfidence which commands all my gratitude. Beneath the soil of Georgia the ashes\\nof my parents and of my children repose and there, too, my own must shortly\\nrest. Whether in weal or woe, the lot of her people shall be mine.\\nThe motion of the Hon. Mr. Clay in the Senate of the United\\nStates, in 1851, to refer the Message of the President, in relation to\\nthe slave rescue at Boston, to the Committee on the Judiciary, gave\\nrise to a very animated debate. Mr. Berrien expressed the opinion\\nthat the President of the United States ought to be armed with all\\npower which can be constitutionally conferred upon him, for the pur-\\npose of carrying the Fugitive Slave Bill into execution. In support of\\nthe opinion, that those States in which abolition societies exist should\\nby their own laws repress them, Mr. Berrien argued thus\\nMr. President, I may be told that freedom of speech and of the press are guar-\\nanteed by the Constitution. Be it so. But there are other rights also which are\\nguaranteed by that instrument. One principle of law, of justice, and of common\\nsense, is, that however absolute the right which any man possesses, he may not\\nso use it as to inflict injury upon others. Sic uterc tuo, ut non alienum laderc, is a\\nmaxim of law, but it is also a maxim of common sense and of justice. If the\\npeople thus associated, and claiming this right of freedom of speech and of the\\npress, exercise it for no legitimate purpose within theii own limits, for the enjoy-\\nment of no right which they possess, but solely for the purpose of disturbing the\\npeace, and violating the rights of others residing in States in which slavery ex-\\nists, they violate that principle, and are no longer within the pale of the protection\\nof the Constitution.\\nThe Senate will bear with me in a very brief view of this subject. They\\nwill not, I trust, consider that time as misspent which is employed in fixing this\\ngreat principle on the basis on which truth, justice, the laws of nations, the Con-\\nstitution of the country, and our own uniform practice, have established it. I", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0428.jp2"}, "425": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY. 379\\nsay, then, it is an established principle of the law of nations, that no one State\\nhas a right to do anything, even within her own limits, which may operate inju-\\nriously to the people of another, although a foreign State, with whom they are at\\npeace. The proposition is laid down so simply, so briefly, and yet so forcibly, by\\nVatfel, that I will for a moment refer to it. After stfetmg that no hation ought\\nto commit actions tending to injure others, Vattel says: The general principle\\nforbids nations to practise any evil manoeuvres tending to create disturbance in\\nanother State, to foment disorder, Sfc, to raise enemies against it, c, c.\\nThis principle of the law of nations, thus stated by this writer, and recognized\\nby every other on the subject, is enforced (as you have seen by reading a portion\\nof the report of the Convention of Georgia) by the Constitution of the United\\nStates, one of the objects declared in the preamble being to insure the domestic\\ntranquillity of each State. The obligation, then, which exists between foreign\\nStates, not by any act committed within their limits, to disturb the repose of any\\nState, is recognized, enforced, and applied by the Constitution of the United\\nStates to the people of the several States composing this Confederacy. And, sir,\\nthe Government of the United States has acted upon this principle from its very\\nfoundation. It is now acting upon it at the very moment in which I am speaking\\nto you. That principle lies at the foundation of all the laws on your statute-book,\\nwhich inhibit citizens of the United States from fitting out armed vessels within\\nthe United States to cruise against a nation at peace with them. The offence is\\ncomplete before the injury is done to the foreign nation. It is the act of fitting\\nout with the intent to cruise against a nation with which the United States are\\nat peace. So, also, the provisions which forbid any warlike preparation for the\\npurpose of doing an injury to the people of such foreign State.\\nSince the resignation of his seat in the Senate of the United States,\\nMr. Berrien has remained in retirement, under the pressure of a do-\\nmestic calamity, devoting- himself to the care and education of his\\nyoung family. He appears occasionally in the courts ;is assistant\\ncounsel, and at the meetings of his fellow-citizens of Savannah, who\\nat this time are extensively engaged in measures of internal improve-\\nment, of which he has always been a zealous advocate.\\nWe cannot conclude this sketch without remarking, that Mr. Ber-\\nrien has long been a worthy member of the Protestant Episcopal\\nChurch, and in its State and General Conventions has always acted\\na prominent part.\\nHon. James Moore Wayne was born in the city of Savannah, in\\nthe State of Georgia.\\nHis father, an Englishman by birth, came to this country early in\\nlife, and marrying a Miss Clifford, a descendant of a family which\\nemigrated from England to South Carolina as early as 1687, esta-\\nblished himself in business in Charleston, whence he removed t\\nSavannah. Of the thirteen children born of this union, but two no\\\\\\nsurvive the subject of this memoir, and his younger brother, Genera\\nWilliam C. Wayne, at present residing in South Carolina.\\nMr. Wayne received the rudiments of his education under the care", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0429.jp2"}, "426": {"fulltext": "380 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nof Mr. Mackay. At a proper age, he joined the Freshman Class of\\nPrinceton College, at which he was graduated.\\nReturning to Savannah, he entered upon the study of law in the\\noffice of John Y. Noel, Esq., where he remained, however, only a\\nfew months, being advised by his friends to prosecute his legal studies\\nat the North.\\nHe accordingly repaired to New-Haven, and became the law pupil\\nof the Hon. Judge Chauncey, a gentleman of high legal education.\\nAs commemorative of this high-minded and estimable gentleman s\\npeculiarities, which will be instantly recognized by all who knew him,\\nand as illustrative of his method of instruction, conveying useful hints\\nfor legal education, we shall here quote Judge Wayne s own description\\nof his New-Haven course. I can never forget Judge Chauncey, he\\nwrites, for in his parlour and office was laid the foundation of my\\nprofessional career. But I did not get into either, without much ques-\\ntioning of, who I was where I had been what I had done\\nwhy I came to him and not before he verified, in some measure,\\nmy answers, by examining me in both Latin and Greek saying, that\\nhe had never undertaken to teach any one the law, who was not pre-\\npared for it by previous education. The end of it was, that after a\\nweek, I was sent for to begin my course. He was well acquainted\\nwith his profession and its literature. First, he gave to me alone, for\\nhis other students were advanced, several lectures upon the ethics of\\nthe profession, illustrating them by narratives and anecdotes from the\\nlives of eminent lawyers. These were not conversations, but precisely\\nwritten chapters upon the practice of the profession, in the different\\nrelations of lawyer and client, lawyer with lawyer, and lawyer with\\nthe court and jury, in which were traced their obligations to each\\nother, with exactness and truth. I was then lectured for three or four\\nmonths upon the Roman law. First, historically, as to its sources and\\nits reception in modern Europe, and then in its subdivisions concerning\\npersons, things, rights, the modes of prosecuting them, and in all of\\nthose analogies in relation to contracts, which exist between it and the\\nEnglish common law. It was in this course that the Latin I had learned\\nwas of use to me, and it has been so ever since professionally. In\\nconnection with this course, I was carried through the history of the\\nEnglish common law, before I was permitted to take up any of the\\nworks ordinarily first used in getting a knowledge of the law. Hale s\\nHistory of the Common Law was his text, and Edward I. his hero.\\nEvery statute of that prince s reign, and of each succeeding reign, in\\nany way bearing upon the improvement of the law, I was made to\\nknow something of, in contrast with the antecedent defective condition\\nof English law. My instructor did everything he could to point out\\nthe road for my future travel in the profession, and it is my own fault\\njf I have not made the journey. Circumstances which I could not con-\\ntrol, forced me to leave Judge Chauncey sooner than I wished, after I\\nhad been with him for twenty months. When taking my leave of him,\\nhe put into my hand a complimentary certificate, with one of his charac-\\nteristic remarks. It was to this effect I have tried to make alawver", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0430.jp2"}, "427": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY. 381\\nof you go but do not think yourself one yet. Continue to do as you\\nhave done with me, and I may hear before I die that you are one.\\nNor did his interest in me cease with our separation for, having been\\ntold some time afterwards, that I was more devoted to social pleasures\\nthan he thought consistent with my becoming a lawyer, he wrote a\\nfriendly letter to me, very much in his peculiar way. It was as fol-\\nlows I hear of your health, and am glad of it but I hear also, that\\nyour time is very much given to balls and dinners. That is not the\\nway for you to become a lawyer. Others have tried it without suc-\\ncess, and so will you. As regards myself, he was more than half\\nright. Under strong allurements, I was giving myself too much to\\nsociety, in a vain hope that I could divide my time between study and\\npleasure.\\nAfter he left Judge Chauncey s office he returned to Savannah,\\nwhere he passed five months in the office of Mr. Stites, for the\\npurpose of becoming familiar with the practice in Georgia. He then\\nentered upon his profession, and in a few years acquired an extensive\\npractice. Mr. Wayne was first drawn into public life by an induce-\\nment which bore hard upon the profession in Georgia.\\nThe Legislature had passed what is commonly known as a relief law\\nfor debtors. Suits could not be commenced against them such as had\\nbeen begun, were stayed in the courts from being carried into judg-\\nment and execution and levies could not be made for the payment of\\njudgments obtained before the enactment of the law. Judge Berrien,\\nthen presiding in the Superior Court of Georgia, took the lead in show-\\ning and deciding that such a law was unconstitutional. Mr. Richard\\nHenry Wilde, of Augusta, published a well-written and learned pam-\\nphlet against it, with great success and there was organized an oppo-\\nsition to the law, for its repeal at the sitting of the next General\\nAssembly. Public sentiment in Savannah was against the law, and\\nbecame more efficient from the stand Judge Berrien had taken, and\\nfrom the violence of the advocates of the law against him, in other parts\\nof the State. Candidates for the General Assembly were selected in\\nevery county of the State with reference to their advocacy or opposition\\nto the Relief Act. In Chatham County, in which is the city of Savannah,\\nMr. Wayne was put forward as a candidate, and was elected by a large\\nmajority. It was his first appearance in public life, or in politics, and\\nwas the means of introducing him to an extensive circle of gentlemen\\nin the General Assembly, who had been prominent in Georgia affairs\\nfor a longtime, but many of whom had been, voluntarily, in retirement\\nfor years, and had only left it for the occasion, to help in restoring the\\nState to an upright position. The proposition to repeal the law\\nbrought out the speakers on both sides, and it was thoroughly dis-\\ncussed.\\nThe part borne in this discussion by Mr. Wayne was his first\\nattempt in political debate, and gained for him the favourable opin-\\nion of all who thought with him, and of many of those who were\\nopposed to him. A large number, on both sides, united in asking him\\nto write out his speech for publication. He did so and it being very", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0431.jp2"}, "428": {"fulltext": "382 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\ngenerally circulated, formed the beginning of that good-will which the\\npeople of Georgia have always since shown to him, in every instance in\\nwhich he has been put before them, or the Legislature, as a candi-\\ndate.\\nThe next year, he was again elected a member of the General As-\\nsembly but the year after, he declined being a candidate, having been\\nplaced at the head of the municipality of his native city. As Mayor of\\nSavannah, he introduced and established the system of financial ac-\\ncountability in the management of the city affairs, which still exists,\\nand under which they have prospered, without loss by the defalcation\\nof any of its officers. Resigning the mayoralty as soon as he could,\\nhe returned, exclusively, to the practice of his profession, and worked\\nat it, in partnership with Mr. Richard R. Cuyler, earnestly, indus-\\ntriously, and profitably, until he received a written communication,\\nsigned by every practising member of the bar in the Eastern Circuit of\\nthe State, requesting him to become a candidate before the General\\nAssembly for the bench of the Superior Court. He did so, and was\\nelected. He presided in this court for five years and a half, and\\nthen resigned, to take his seat in the Congress of the United States,\\nin the session of 1829-30, to which he had been elected by the peo-\\nple of the State Georgia then electing her representatives by a gen-\\neral ticket.\\nThe State Reports, and the records of the Superior Court, suffi-\\nciently show how his judicial duties during this period were discharged\\nand to the reputation he then earned must mainly be attributed his sub-\\nsequent appointment to the bench of the Supreme Court of the United\\nStates.\\nThe period of Mr. Wayne s entry into public life was an exceed-\\ningly interesting one in the history of our country. The administra-\\ntion of the younger Adams had been terminated in the March previous\\nby the inauguration of General Jackson. The United States were at\\npeace with all the world but there were unsettled questions with\\nEngland, France, and Spain, requiring, on our part, delicate treatment\\nand consideration. They had been the subjects of an unsuccessful\\nnegotiation, our people were impatient of the delays which had attend-\\ned the same, and the time had come when, in order to avoid greater\\ndifficulties, it was necessary for our Government to arrange the dis-\\nputed boundary with England, and to settle the claims of our citizens\\nwith France and Spain for spoliations upon our commerce. With the\\nnew republics of the American Continent we were in friendly relation,\\nbut against all of them we had complaints, which were to be adjust-\\ned before commercial arrangements for mutual benefit could be ma-\\ntured.\\nAt home, the many questions of domestic policy, bearing directly\\nupon sectional interests and the constitutional powers of the govern-\\nment in legislation, were more perplexing even than our foreign affairs\\nmore embarrassing, perhaps, than ever before in the history of the\\nnation. The tariff internal improvements the Bank of the United\\nStates the public lands the policy to be adopted in relation to the", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0432.jp2"}, "429": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTY. 383\\ntribes of Indians within the limits of some of the States were all\\nengrossing and dividing public attention.\\nThere were other difficulties which brought upon the administra-\\ntion many responsibilities, present and prospective.\\nComing into Congress under these circumstances, and with the con-\\nfidence of the people of this State, particularly as regarded her Indian\\ndifficulties, Judge Wayne, soon after taking his seat, was brought\\ninto frequent and close intercourse with the President and his Cabinet.\\nIn the arrangement of the committees, he was placed on that of com-\\nmerce, of which the Hon. C. C. Cambreleng was chairman, to whom was\\nconceded by all, an enlarged knowledge of the principles of trade, with\\ngreat practical experience in their operation. It was in the business\\nof this committee that it was first seen that the representative from\\nGeorgia possessed industry with great application, and the ability to\\ndefend its action in debate when brought before the House. He was,\\nat the same time, a member of the Library Committee, which brought\\nhim into frequent and pleasant intercourse with many of the mem-\\nbers.\\nSubsequently, as chairman of a special committee, he reported a\\nplan for the reorganization of the Treasury Department and after-\\nwards he occupied the responsible position of chairman of the Com-\\nmittee on Foreign Affairs, until removed from it to the bench of the\\nSupreme Court.\\nNotwithstanding the engrossing duties which devolved upon him as\\na member of different committees, he found time to inform himself in\\nrelation to the other business before Congress, and to participate in\\nthe discussion of every measure of importance, connected or uncon-\\nnected with our foreign or domestic policy.\\nHis support of the administration was liberal, without partisan in-\\ntention, or advocacy of what he could not approve. Its foreign policy\\nhad his uniform support. He sustained free trade, without denying\\nthe constitutionality of protection. He opposed internal improvements\\nby Congress, except of rivers and harbours, which he always upheld.\\nHe differed from the President as to the distribution to the States of\\nthe revenue received from the sale of public lands. He opposed the\\nrechartering of the United States Bank, on account of its misman-\\nagement and its power, always admitting, however, that Congress had\\nconstitutional power to charter a bank and he took an active part\\nin the removal of the Indians to a permanent home.\\nHis position in regard to the rechartering of the United States\\nBank we find clearly defined in his speech delivered on the 13th\\nMarch, 1832. (Gales and Seaton s Debates, vol. viii., part 2, page\\n2129.)\\nThis speech was widely circulated, and brought him into corres-\\npondence and connection with the most distinguished bankers and\\nfinanciers of the country. Judge Wayne defended President Jack-\\nson s course in relation to the South Carolina resolutions, proposing\\nto nullify the acts of Congress for the collection of the revenues. He\\nvoted for the Force Bill, and, in consequence, was denounced by a", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0433.jp2"}, "430": {"fulltext": "384 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nportion of his own party. But the people of Georgia sustained him,\\nand returned him to Congress by a larger majority than he had eve*\\nbefore received.\\nIn debate, Judge Wayne is ready, quick, ingenuous, and courteous,\\nnever forgetting, in the excitement of the subject or the moment, the\\nrespect due to himself, to the House, or to individuals. His legal\\npractice, and the early habit of noting the arguments of eminent\\ncounsel, served him here to great advantage, and we find him, gene-\\nrally, attacking the turning point of his adversary s argument. In his\\nspeeches we find no efforts at declamation, nor attempts at rounded\\nor inflated periods for popular applause, but great research and varied\\ninformation, exhibiting a thorough and extensive range of examination,\\nwith much and careful study. In their arrangement, the system and\\nhabit of legal argument are evident and we find him adhering to the\\nmain points of the case with a tenacity that no diversions of his oppo-\\nnents could relax. In his politics, he uniformly assumed high nation-\\nal ground yet no one has defended the constitutional rights of the\\nStates more consistently, or with more vigour and ability, when those\\nrights have been assailed.\\nThe impressions and influences of his political career are to be\\nseen in many of the measurss of public policy to which he gave his\\nsupport, and which are now matters of national history. But in none\\nhave they been more apparent and decisive than in the advancement\\nand prosperity of his native State, resulting from the removal of the\\nIndian tribes within her borders.\\nWithdrawing from political strife upon the acceptance of the appoint-\\nment to the supreme bench, Judge Wayne has taken but little part\\nsince in public affairs, and then, only upon the urgent solicitations of\\nhis friends, or the unequivocal demands of national obligations. As a\\ndelegate from Savannah, he attended the famous Knoxville Internal\\nImprovement Convention but perceiving upon its organization thai\\nit was merely called to confirm a predetermined conclusion, without\\nan examination of, or regard to, the route through Georgia, he sug-\\ngested to his colleagues, and impressed it upon them as essential to\\nthe interests of their own State, the imperative necessity of unani-\\nmous action and recommended, as best calculated to promote agree-\\nment among them, and to render their action effectual, that the dele-\\ngates from Georgia should meet daily, after the adjournment of the\\nConvention, for the purpose of examining and criticising its proceed-\\nings. The suggestion and recommendation were both approved and\\nacted upon, and the result of these meetings was the subsequent Con-\\nvention of the people of Georgia, in which he presided, and in which\\nwas laid the foundation of that line of internal improvements, uniting\\nthe current of the Mississippi with the tide-waters of the Atlantic, so\\nsuccessfully undertaken, and now almost completed. He has also\\npresided in two conventions called for revising the constitution of his\\nnatwe State.\\nBefore we close this memoir, we conceive it to be a duty we owe\\nto Judge Wayne to say something of his judicial career.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0434.jp2"}, "431": {"fulltext": "CHATHAM COUNTV. 385\\nTwo important branches of the law, in which Mr. Justice Wayne\\nhas exerted an especial influence, demand particular notice here.\\nOne of the most interesting subjects, in every point of view, which\\nis exhibited in our judicial history, is that of admiralty jurisdiction.\\nIt is perfectly well known to the profession, and to his brethren on\\nthe bench, that no individual has more earnestly devoted himself to\\nthis particular topic, nor exhibited more industry or research in ex-\\nploring it, nor contributed more effectively to the establishment of\\nthose principles which are now recognized as governing this inter-\\nesting and important branch of jurisprudence, than the subject of the\\npresent memoir. In the year 1847, the case of Waring v. Clark was\\nbrought to the consideration of the court. It was a suit in the admi-\\nralty, originating in a collision which occurred between the vessels on\\nthe Mississippi River, about ninety five miles above New-Orleans. In\\nthe judgment delivered by Mr. Justice Wayne, it became necessary\\nto examine at great length the history of the admiralty jurisdiction in\\nboth England and the United States, to institute a comparison, and to\\ndiscriminate between them, and to lay down certain and precise rules,\\nby which the courts of the Union are to be governed in the adminis-\\ntration of their functions. This task was performed with great ability\\nand it is believed that the lines there drawn will henceforward be re-\\ngarded as permanently settled landmarks on this subject.\\nThere is, perhaps, no one department of the law involving greater\\nor more momentous interests than those which concern the public\\nlands, particularly that portion of them which lies within the terri-\\ntories which the United States have acquired from foreign powers.\\nIn the investigation of such causes, it is perfectly well known that\\nno member of the bench has been more laborious, more conversant\\nwith the law by which they were to be decided, nor, above all, more\\ndistinguished for high appreciation of the obligations of treaties, and\\nimpartiality in the adjudication of them, than the subject of this me-\\nmoir.*\\nGeorgia is proud to own Judge Wayne as one of her most gifted\\nsons.\\nThe Right Rev. Stephen Elliott, Jr., Bishop of the Protestant\\nEpiscopal Church in the Diocese of Georgia, was born at Beaufort,\\nin South Carolina, on the 31st of August, 1806. His father was Ste-\\nphen Elliott one among the most eminent scholars which the South\\nhas ever produced, and a gentleman universally beloved. His mo-\\nther was the grand-daughter of the Hon. James Habersham, who was\\nGovernor of Georgia in 1771, and sister to the Hon. Richard W.\\nHabersham, formerly a member of Congress from this State.\\nBishop Elliott received the rudiments of his education in Charles-\\nton, under a celebrated teacher, Mr. Hurlbert, and entered the Sopho-\\nmore class at Harvard University, where he remained one year, and\\nAbridged from a memoir in Biographical Sketches of Eminent American Law-\\nyers, edited by John Livingston, of the New-York bar.\\n25", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0435.jp2"}, "432": {"fulltext": "386 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nthen returned to South Carolina, and entered Columbia College, at\\nwhich he was graduated in 1825.\\nUnder James L. Pettigrew, Esq., an eminent barrister in Charles-\\nton, he studied law, and was admitted to practice as soon as he be-\\ncame of age. He pursued his profession in Charleston and Beaufort\\nuntil 1833, when he determined to study for the ministry, and became\\na candidate for orders in the Protestant Episcopal Church. Anterior\\nto this, his mind had been directed to religious subjects. It will be\\nremembered by some, that, in 1830 and 31, the churches of almost\\nevery denomination in the lower part of South Carolina were uncom-\\nmonly excited upon the subject of religion. The Rev. Daniel Baker,\\nwe believe, was at this time the instrument in the hands of the\\nAlmighty of bringing many to feel that religion was the one thing\\nneedful, and among whom, if we are not mistaken, was Mr. Elliott.\\nHe was ordained deacon by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Bowen in 1835, and\\nshortly afterwards took charge of the parish at Wilton, South Caro-\\nlina, where he remained but one month, and was elected Professor of\\nSacred Literature in South Carolina College, the duties of which pro-\\nfessorship he assumed early in January, 1836.\\nWhen, in 1840, the weak Diocese of Georgia believed that the time\\nhad arrived when Providence seemed to open a way by which a\\nBishop might be secured, attention was turned to Mr. Elliott, and at\\nthe Convention held at Clarkesville, May 1st, 1840, he was elected,\\nand consecrated in Christ Church, at Savannah, in 1841.\\nCHATTOOGA COUNTY.\\nTins county was laid out from Walker and Floyd, in 1838, and de-\\nrived its name from its principal river, Chattooga.\\nThe most prominent streams are Chattooga River Snake, Euke-\\nlanaquaw, Jobns, and Amuchee Creeks.\\nSummerville is the county town, situated in Chattooga Valley,\\none hundred and ninety-five miles from Milledgeville.\\nThe climate is considered healthy. Among the instances of longe-\\nvity are, Joseph Pollard and Henry Laurence, 80 Mrs. Margaret\\nMiddleton, 90.\\nThe face of the country is uneven, traversed by mountains and\\nridges running N. E. and S. W. Although a small county, it con-\\ntains much good land. It is interspered with rich and delightful\\nvalleys and mountains, unfolding picturesque and highly interesting\\nscenery. The names of the principal valleys are Broomtown, Chat-\\ntooga, and Amuchee. The mountains are Taylor s Ridge and John s\\nMountain there is also a very high peak which stands by itself,\\ncalled Dirtseller Mountain the Indians called it Karte Kunteesky.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0436.jp2"}, "433": {"fulltext": "CHATTOOGA COUNTY. 387\\nw\\nTryon Factory, on Chattooga River, is five miles N. of Summer-\\nville, 864 spindles, 10 looms, averaging 45 yards per loom; 45\\noperatives. Factory 114 feet by 44; 2 stories high. Water power\\ngood.\\nAmong the first settlers of this county were, Robert Cameron,\\nCharles Price, Francis Kirby, John Lamar, Wm. McConnell,\\nIsaac Chandler, James Herndon, James Wells, John Johnson,\\nPhilip Burns, Sanders Dickson, Wm. Price, Hugh Montgomery,\\nAlbert Mitchell, Edward Adams, Reuben Slaton, N. Allman,\\nElijah Mosley, Thomas Tredaway, Albert Quinn, Joseph Crook,\\nCharles A. Heard, John F. Beavers, Hugh McMullin, James\\nPrice.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. 869 dwellings; 869 families;\\n2,628 white males 2,503 white females 1 free coloured male 3\\nfree coloured females. Total free population, 5,135 slaves, 1,680.\\nDeaths, 79. Farms, 419 manufacturing establishments, 10. Value\\nof real estate, $861,066 value of personal estate, $1,018,308.\\n3fi.isrilia-iiifl.ttH.\\nIn the vicinity of Summerville there was a very large Indian town\\ncalled Island Town, the principal chief of which in 17 was\\nCabin Smith, one of the signers of the treaty concluded at the\\nCherokee Agency, July 8, 1817, and also of the treaty at Washington,\\nFebruary 27, 1819. About the end of the American Revolution, the\\nsmall-pox made great ravages among the inhabitants of this town.\\nBroomtown was situated west of Island Town, and took its name\\nfrom its chief, The Broom, whose name is affixed to the treaty con-\\ncluded at Tellico, October 24, 1804.\\nSequoia, or George Guess, the inventor of the Cherokee alphabet,\\nformerly resided in this county.\\nCherokee Alphabet. We find the following interesting article in the mis-\\ncellaneous department of a Northern paper, but without any acknowledgment\\nof the source whence it. was derived. The material facts here stated are,\\nhowever, well established, but we do not recollect to have before seen so par-\\nticular an account of this singular aboriginal invention. Sparta Republican.\\nThe invention of the new Cherokee alphabet is one of the most remarkable\\ncircumstances which has ever occurred in the history of the Indian tribes of\\nAmerica. We lately conversed with a reverend gentleman, who has for some\\ntime laboured as a missionary in the territories of that tribe, and who, from the\\nstation he lately held, was able to give us some information respecting this in-\\nteresting piece of aboriginal improvement. The American Cadmus, it seems, is\\nan illiterate Cherokee, unacquainted both with the English language and the\\npowers and system of the English alphabet. The language of the tribe, though", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0437.jp2"}, "434": {"fulltext": "388 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nperhaps the most copious of any Indian dialect on the continent, is wholl) com-\\nposed of the various combinations of about sixty monosyllables. The ingenious\\nsavage, after a persevering labour of two years, having ascertained the certain\\nnumber of those radical particles of his native tongue, invented for each a re\\npresentative character, and thus formed a complete, and perhaps the only sylla\\nbic alphabet in the world. The accomplishment of this among a people sc\\nlittle addicted to inventive study as the savages of our country, is truly astonish\\ning, and proclaims the author of it to be a person of no ordinary mind. During\\nthe course of his labours, it is said, his fellow-savages often remarked the singu-\\nlarity of his behaviour in generally sitting apart from his companions, apparently\\ndeep in thought, and employed in making marks on the ground. He, however,\\nwith true Indian taciturnity, declined speaking to any one of the object of his\\nstudy till his work was finished. He then took one of his brethren aside, and\\nexplained to him his new invention, and ended with saying, We can now have\\nspeaking papers as well as white men. 1\\nThe newly discovered art was seized with avidity by the people of the tribe,\\nand, from the extreme simplicity of the plan, the use of it soon became general.\\nAny one, on fixing in his memory the names and forms of the letters, imme-\\ndiately possessed the art of reading and writing; and the whole could be ac-\\nquired in one day. It is now but two or three years since this discovery was\\nmade, and reading and writing have already become so general among the\\nCherokees, that they not only carry on a correspondence by letter between the\\ndifferent parts of their territory, but are also in the habit of taking receipts and\\ngiving promissory notes in affairs of trade. The gentleman from whom we re-\\nceived this information told us, that it is now common, in travelling the lands of\\nthe tribes, to see directions for the different paths inscribed on the trees. The\\ninventor of the alphabet adopted a few of our manuscript letters. Those were\\nprobably the only ones he knew of; and it is certain that he was unacquainted\\nwith their power, for he gives proof of it, by applying them to sounds wholly\\ndifferent from those they stood for in English. Nearly all his characters, how-\\never, are of his own invention.\\nThe following interesting particulars are taken from the Missionary\\nHerald for October, 1828\\nMr. Guess is, in appearance and habits, a full Cherokee, though his grand-\\nfather on his father s side was a white man. He has no knowledge of any\\nlanguage but the Cherokee, consequently, in his invention of the alphabet, he\\nhad to depend entirely on his own native resources. He was led to think on the\\nsubject of writing the Cherokee language, by a conversation which took place\\none evening at Sauta. Some young men were making remarks on the superior\\ntalents of the white people one said that white men could put a talk on paper\\nand send it to any distance, and it would be understood by those who received\\nit. They all agreed that this was very strange, and they could not see how it\\ncould be done. Mr. Guess, after silently listening to their conversation for a\\nwhile, raised himself, and putting on an air of importance, said: You are all\\nfools; why, the thing is very easy; I can do it myself; and picking up a flat\\nstone, he commenced scratching on it with a pin, and after a few minutes read", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0438.jp2"}, "435": {"fulltext": "CHATTOOGA COUNTY. 389\\nto them a sentence which he had written, by making a mark for each word.\\nThis produced a laugh, and the conversation on that subject ended. But the\\ninventive powers of Guess s mind were now roused to action, and nothing short\\nof being able to write the Cherokee language would satisfy him. He went\\nhome, purchased materials, and sat down to paint the Cherokee language on\\npaper. He at first thought of no way but to make a character for each word.\\nHe pursued this plan for about a year, in which time he had made several\\nthousand characters. He was then convinced that the object was not attainable\\nin that way but he was not discouraged. He firmly believed that there was\\nsome way in which the Cherokee language could be expressed on paper, as\\nwell as the English and after trying several other methods, he at length con-\\nceived the idea of dividing the words into parts. He had not proceeded far on\\nthis plan, before he found, to his great satisfaction, that the same characters\\nwould apply in different words, and the number of characters would be com-\\nparatively few. After putting down and learning all the syllables that he could\\nthink of, he would listen to speeches, and the conversation of strangers, and\\nwhenever a word occurred which had a part or syllable in it which he had not\\nbefore thought of, he would bear it on his mind until he had made a character\\nfor it. In this way he soon discovered all the syllables in the language. In\\nforming his characters, he made some use of the English letters, as he found\\nthem in a spelling-book which he had in his possession. After commencing\\nupon the last- mentioned plan, I believe he completed his system in about a\\nmonth. During the time he was occupied in inventing the alphabet, he was\\nstrenuously opposed by all his friends and neighbours. He was frequently told\\nthat he was throwing away his time and labour, and that none but a delirious\\nperson, or an idiot, would do as he did. But this did not discourage him. He\\nwould listen to the expostulations of his friends, and then deliberately light his\\npipe, pull his spectacles over his eyes, and sit down to his w r ork, without attempt-\\ning to vindicate his conduct. After completing his system, he found much diffi-\\nculty in persuading the people to learn it; nor could he succeed, until he went\\nto the Arkansas and taught a few persons there, one of whom wrote a letter to\\nsome friends in this nation, and sent it by Mr. Guess, who read it to the people.\\nThis letter excited much curiosity. Here was a talk in the Cherokee language,\\nwhich had come all the way from the Arkansas sealed up in a paper, yet it was\\nvery plain. This convinced many that Mr. Guess s mode of writing would be\\nof some use. Several persons immediately determined to try to learn. They\\nsucceeded in a few days, and from this it quickly spread all over the nation, and\\nthe Cherokees (who, as a people, had always been illiterate) were, in the course\\nof a few months, without school or expense of time or money, able to read and\\nwrite in their own language.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0439.jp2"}, "436": {"fulltext": "390 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA\\nCHEROKEE COUNTY\\nThis division of the State was laid out in 1832.\\nThe Etowah River flows almost through the centre of the county.\\nThe Little River empties into the Etowah. The creeks are, Cooper s,\\nSandy, Chicken, c\\nCanton is the seat of justice, on the southeast bank of the Etowah\\nRiver, one hundred and thirty miles northwest of Milledgeville.\\nThe portion of the county west of the Etowah, and south of Long-\\nSwamp, is very hilly. The part that is traversed by Little River and\\nits tributaries is undulating. The section of the county east of the\\nEtowah is hilly, except some portions contiguous to Forsyth. Lands\\nof the first quality are on Etowah River and Long Swamp.\\nSharp Mountain, in the northwest part of the county, is remarkable\\nfor its peak, running up like a sugar-loaf.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 1,970; families,\\n1,994; white males, 5,921; white females, 5,708; free coloured\\nmales, 6; free coloured females, 8. Total free population, 11,643.\\nSlaves, 1,157. Deaths, 81. Farms, 1,000, manufacturing establish-\\nments, 5 value of real estate, $1,637,037; value of personal estate,\\n$790,175.\\nGold is found in this county. Sixes Mines are six miles southwest\\nof Canton, on the road to Allatoona.\\nWilliamson s Mines are on the waters of Little River.\\nFranklin Mines are on Etowah River, five miles from Frog Town.\\nThe other minerals are iron, sulphate of iron, sulphate of cop-\\nper, titanium, quartz, granite and marble. Quicksilver and cobalt\\nare said to exist.\\nOn Long Swamp there are large quarries of marble, which are be-\\nginning to be a source of profit to the owners.\\nOld Sixes, an Indian town, was situated about seven miles S. W.\\nof Canton. In 1833 about four hundred Indians resided here. Stop\\nwas the chief.\\nThe Ball-ground was a prominent place among the Cherokees.\\nLittle River Town, fourteen miles S. E. of Canton, was in 1833 in-\\nhabited by three hundred Indians. Chicken was the chief.\\nAmong the early settlers were, Daniel H. Bird, John P. Brooks,\\nJohn Wagner, General Eli McConnell, John McConnell, John B,\\nGarrison, R. F. Daniel, James ^Daniel, William Grisham, John\\nEperson, Washington Ltjmpkin,TIenry Cobb,jCharles Christian,\\nJohn Maddox, Thomas Johnston, William Greene, Samuel Tate,\\nPeter Ktjykendall, John P. Winn, Joseph S. Dyer, Martin\\nEvans, John M. Chambers, Joseph Donaldson, Merrick Ford, E.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0440.jp2"}, "437": {"fulltext": "CLARKE COUNTY. 391\\nPutnam, T. Chamlee, M. Chamlee, S. Rucker, James Dorris,\\nDavid Rusk, John Hunt, Sen., John Leonard, William May, Wil-\\nliam Key, James A. Maddox, B. Bailey, John Mullins, John Pugh,\\nJohn Henson, John Wheeler, Henry Wheeler, P. C. Boger, E.\\nDyer, c.\\nThis county derived its name from the Cherokee Indians.\\nThe word Cherokee is derived from Chera, fire, and the prophets\\nof the nation were called Cheralaghye, men of divine fire.\\nCLARKE COUNTY.\\nThis portion of the State was laid out from Jackson in 1801 a part\\ntaken from Greene, 1802, 1807; part set off to Madison in 1811;\\npart added to Oglethorpe, 1813 and part added to Madison in 1829.\\nLength, 20 m. breadth, 14 m. area square miles, 280.\\nWatkinsville, named after Colonel Robert Watkins, of Augusta,\\nwas made the county site in 1802.\\nIt is situated three miles west of the Oconee, and sixty-four miles\\nnorth-northwest of Milledgeville.\\nAthens is on the west bank of the Oconee. The public buildings,\\nnot including those connected with the University, are the Episcopal,\\nMethodist, Baptist, Presbyterian, and two churches for coloured peo-\\nple, Town Hall, c.\\nFranklin College is located in Athens. As early as 1788-9, the\\nLegislature of Georgia made liberal endowments for the establish-\\nment of the University but it did not go into operation until 1801.\\nIts first President was Mr. Josiah Meigs, Professor of Natural Philo-\\nsophy and Astronomy iu Yale College. Mr. Meigs resigned the Pre\\nsidency in 1811, and the Rev. Dr. Kollock was elected to fill the va-\\ncancy. This gentleman, however, declined the appointment, and Dr.\\nBrown, Professor of Moral Philosophy, Columbia College, South Ca-\\nrolina, was then chosen to the office, who continued to preside over\\nthe University until 1816, when he resigned. Dr. Finley, of New\\nJersey, was appointed his successor. This great and good man ap-\\nplied himself with indefatigable zeal to the advancement of the Col-\\nlege, and confidence was felt throughout the State that it would soon\\noccupy a prominent stand among the literary institutions of the United\\nStates but his sudden and lamented death for a time obscured\\nthe cheering prospect. The Rev. N. S. S. Beman was selected\\nto fill the vacancy occasioned by the demise of Dr. Finley but\\nthis gentleman declined serving. In 1819, Dr. Moses Waddel was\\nelected President, under whose administration the University suc-\\nceeded. Dr. Waddel resigned in 1829, when the present incumbent,\\nDr. Alonzo Church, of Brattleborough, Vermont, was appointed to\\nthis distinguished station.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0441.jp2"}, "438": {"fulltext": "392 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nThe resources of the University are 100,000 dollars in stock of the\\nBank oi the State of Georgia, and about $1,500 in other stocks, to-\\ngether with the proceeds of the tuition of students, and a small\\namount oi town lots. The buildings are Two three-story, 120 by\\n45 feet, for lodging rooms for students a philosophical hall and che-\\nmical laboratory, a chapel, a library and cabinet, president s house,\\nand three houses for the professors. The library contains between\\neight and nine thousand volumes. The philosophical apparatus is one\\nof the most extensive and complete in the country the chemical la-\\nboratory is ample, the cabinet of minerals large, and the botanic\\ngarden in good order.\\nThe College has forty-four acres oi ground, on which the build-\\nings are erected, and which are set apart by the Legislature of the\\nState for that purpose, and can never be diminished.\\nSalem is eleven miles south oi Watkinsville.\\nFarminu ton is six miles south of Watkinsville.\\nThe face oi the country is hilly. One-third oi the land is worn\\nout but. in the opinion oi many, may be restored with proper care.\\nThe richest lauds are on the different forks of the Oconee.\\nAmong the early settlers oi tins county were. Thomas Grf.er,\\nCharles Dean, F. Eobersox, James Greer, Col. Wm. Craig, Solo-\\nmon Edwards. Wm. Clark, Wm. Williams, William Jones, Francis\\nOliver, Thomas Wade, David Elder. Zadock Cook. John Jack-\\nson. High Neisler, Thomas Mitchell, James Cook, Wyatt Lee,\\nRobert Barber. Rev. Hope Hull, A. Boggs, Jesse White, General\\nMeriwether, Thomas Mitchell, Joseph Espey, John Espey.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 1,024; families,\\n1,00 1; white males. 2,711; white females. 2,804; free coloured\\nmales, 11; free coloured females. -1. Total population of free\\npersons. 5,53 si; i i 5,589 deaths, 149 farms. 400 manufactur-\\ning establishments, 55; value of real estate, $2,122,644 value of\\npersonal estate, $3,039,428.\\nIn this county great attention has been paid to manufactures. The\\nfollowing are the factories\\nAthens Manufacturing Company, capital. $92,600 spindles. 2,500\\nlooms, 40; operatives, mostly females. 85; overseers.:?; expenses\\nper month. $800 goods manufactured per day. 1.500 yards; bunches\\nof yarn per day, 100 machinery made in New-Jersey cost. $60,000.\\nPrinceton Manufacturing Company, capital $54,000, organized in\\n1S;?0, and purchased by the present company in 1845, is situated two\\nmiles southwest oi Athens, On the middle branch of the Oconee.\\nCotton spindles, 2,184; wool do.. 040; looms. 45; bales of cot-\\nton used per week. 21 yards oi cloth made per day. 1.700 bundles\\nof yam per day, 90; mattresses made per year. 100. The goods\\nmanufactured are shirtings, bed-ticking, linsey-woolsey, jeans, and\\nchecks, quality very superior.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0442.jp2"}, "439": {"fulltext": "CLARKE COUNTY.\\nMars Hill Factory is situated on Barber s reck, seven miles south-\\nwest of Athens. Capital, $20,000 owned by Moses Jenkinson.\\nWaterpower fine. Spindles, 850 looms, 12; machinery cost $8,000;\\nyards of cloth made per day, 400 bales of cotton consumed per day,\\nl\u00c2\u00a3; number of operatives, 25; wages of operatives per month, from\\n$5 to $25; saw-mill, 1 grist-mill, 1.\\nGeorgia Factory, owned by John White, Esq. situated lour miles\\nsouth of Athens. Machinery cost $50,000 spindles, 1,704; bundles\\nof yarn per day, 140; looms, 20; yards of cloth per day, 800; opera-\\ntives, 70. Goods sent to North and South Carolina, Philadelphia,\\nand New-Orleans. New machinery has recently been erected.\\nPioneer Paper Mill, owned by Albon Chase and .1. S. Linton.\\nLocated on Barber s Creek, three and a half miles southwest of\\nAthens. Building of wood, upon a stone basement, two stories\\nhigh. At this mill is manufactured writing, printing, and wrapping\\npaper.\\nThe Watkinsville Tanning, c, Company is situated at Watkins-\\nville. There are two brick buildings; the larger, 40 by 50 feet,\\nthree stories high engine 25 horsepower; mill can turn out 200\\nbushels of grain per day. Saw-mill turns out 1,500 feet of lumber\\nper day. Connected with the establishment is a lulling mill for hides\\n7 or 8,000 pairs of shoes are made per annum. Establishment sup-\\nplied with water from a spring fifty yards distant.\\nDISTINGUISHED MEN.\\nRev. Hope Hull. This gentleman was one of the founders of\\nMethodism in Georgia. He was born on the Eastern Shore of Mary-\\nland, in 1703, and was admitted to the travelling ministry of the\\nMethodist Episcopal Church in 1785. His itineranl career, with the\\nexception of a short interval which he spent in the New-England\\nStates, was devoted to the introduction and propagation of Methodism\\nin North and South Carolina and Georgia, to which last Slate he\\ncame in 1788. Wherever he preached he produced a deep sensation.\\nThere are a few persons now living in Wilkes, Burke, and Chatham\\nCounties, who retain a recollection of the great eloquence of Mr. Hull.\\nA venerable clergyman, who remembers him well, says, I knew Mr.\\nHull, and almost envied him his talents. I thought, indeed, if i pos-\\nsessed his qualifications, I could be instrumental in saving thousands.\\nThis extraordinary young man drew multitudes after him, who, dis-\\narmed of their prejudices, were under the influence of his discourses\\nlike clay in the hands of the potter. In 1796, Mr. Hull married Miss\\nAnn Wingfield, of Wilkes County; and about this time, or perhaps\\nbefore, ceased to be a travelling minister. In connection with the\\nRev. Mr. Springer, Mr. Hull established a classical school at Wash-\\nington, in Wilkes County. In 1803 he settled at Athens, the seat of\\nthe State University, having been appointed one of its trustees. In", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0443.jp2"}, "440": {"fulltext": "394 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nthe prosperity of this institution he took a very deep interest and\\nperhaps we may venture to say, that to very few persons is our Uni-\\nversity more indebted than to Mr. Hull. He died at Athens, October\\n1, 1818.\\nHe left two sons, the elder of whom, the Hon. Asbury Hull, is well\\nknown to the people of Georgia. He has filled a number of important\\nstations in the State, such as Judge of the Inferior Court, member and\\nSpeaker of the House of Representatives, delegate, c.\\nThe second son, Dr. Henry Hull, has been a successful practitioner\\nof medicine, and subsequently Professor of Mathematics in the State\\nUniversity.\\nMr. Hull left one daughter, the wife of Professor James P. Waddel,\\nof Franklin College.\\nRev. Moses Waddel, D.D., was born on the 29th of July, 1770, in\\nIredell County, North Carolina. So confident were his parents that\\nMoses would not survive his birth a single day, that when they found\\nthemselves mistaken, they gave him the name of the Patriarch, who\\nwas providentially preserved in his infancy.\\nIn May, 1777, he entered, as a half scholar, a school about three\\nmiles from his father s residence. At his tender age, it was believed\\nthat he would not be able to attend more than half the year and\\nthis proved true. In the May following, he left this school, having\\nreceived at it, in all, about six months instruction. In this time\\nhe learned to read accurately, and to write a fair hand. His profi-\\nciency here, which was unequalled by any child of his age in the\\nschool, opened the way to all his subsequent usefulness.\\nIn 1 778, by the instrumentality of the Rev. James Hall, a Pres-\\nbyterian divine, a grammar school was established in the neighbour-\\nhood, and Mr. Waddel s friends besought him to enter his son Moses\\nin the Latin department. The old man objected, upon the very\\nreasonable ground that he was not able to purchase the books, much\\nless to endure the more heavy expenses of such a course of study.\\nHe at length, however, yielded to the importunities of his friends,\\ncasting himself on Providence for the means.\\nOn the 15th of October, 1784, he took charge of a school not far\\nfrom his father s residence. This was the beginning of his labours in\\nthat field in which he reaped so much renown.\\nAt this place, near the waters of Hunting Creek, in what is now\\nIredell County, and in its vicinity, he continued to teach, giving gene-\\nral satisfaction to his employers, until the latter part of the year\\n1786, when he removed to Greene County, in the State of Georgia.\\nIn January following, he established a school, composed mostly of\\nEnglish scholars, with one or two in Latin. This, his first establish-\\nment in Georgia, was near the North Ogeechee River. In the sum-\\nmer of 1787, a threatened invasion of the Creeks forced him to\\nbreak up his school, and being now out of employment, he visited\\nhis parents in North Carolina, who determined to accompany him to\\nGeorgia. He preceded them, however, about a month and on his", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0444.jp2"}, "441": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0445.jp2"}, "442": {"fulltext": "/^t^", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0446.jp2"}, "443": {"fulltext": "CLARKE COUNTY. 395\\nreturn, found that the Indian alarms had been but too well founded.\\nThe Creeks had invaded the white settlements, burnt Greenes-\\nborough, and committed several murders still farther to the east-\\nward. Mr. Waddel found his old patrons and friends had abandoned\\ntheir houses, and taken refuge in forts. He now went to Augusta,\\nand after having spent nearly a month in an ineffectual attempt to\\nprocure a place in the Richmond Academy, he returned to Greene,\\nwhere he found quiet restored, and his parents just arrived from\\nNorth Carolina. In 1788 he opened another school and while en-\\ngaged in its duties, received religious impressions.\\nMr. Waddel now determined to enter the ministry, and prepara-\\ntory thereto, to obtain a collegiate education. In the fall of the\\nyear 1790, he set out, by the advice of the Rev. John Springer, for\\nHampden Sydney College. He arrived there in September, and after\\nemploying himself in preparatory studies until the 3d of January fol-\\nlowing, entered the Senior Class in that Institution. On the 29th\\nSeptember, 1791, he graduated, after remaining in College but eight\\nmonths and twenty-six days.\\nIn 1793 or 1794 he opened a school in Columbia County. In\\n1804 he removed to Wellington, in South Carolina, where he re-\\nmained until 1819, when he was elected President of Franklin Col-\\nlege, and immediately entered upon its duties.\\nThe effect of his coming to take the Presidency of this institution\\nwas magical. It rose instantly to a rank which it had never before\\nheld. In 1829 he resigned, and retired to Wellington and on the\\n21st of July, 1840, died at the residence of his son in Athens.*\\nJoseph Henry Lumpkin! was born in Oglethorpe County, on the\\n23d of December, 1799. At an early age he entered the University\\nof Georgia, but upon the death of President Finley, he left it and\\nentered the Junior Class at Princeton, half advanced. Here he\\nsoon distinguished himself, and was graduated with high honour, the\\nsalutatory address being awarded to him. Soon after his. return\\nfrom college he organized the Phi Kappa Society at the University\\nof Georgia. In 1846, he was elected Professor of Rhetoric and\\nOratory in the University, which chair, however, he declined. In\\n1820, he was admitted to the bar, and opened an office in Lexington.\\nHe lingered, not as many great men have done, for many years a\\nbriefless lawyer, but sprung almost per saltern to the head of his pro-\\nfession. He had to contend with the first men of that day. They\\nhad experience and reputation; he had neither; but he possessed, in\\na high degree, integrity, talent, and industry. With these qualities\\nto support him in the contest, the most celebrated lawyers acknow-\\nledged him an equal.\\nHis devotion to his profession for twenty-four years greatly en-\\nAbridged from a discourse delivered by the Rev. Dr. Lon?street.\\nt We have drawn freely in the preparation of this sketch from an article in the\\nUnited States Law Magazine, vol. iv., page 34.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0447.jp2"}, "444": {"fulltext": "396 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nfeebled his health, and in 184-1 he retired from the bar. In 1845,\\nwhilst he was in Europe, his friends offered his name as a candidate\\nfor a scat upon the bench of the Supreme Court, and he. was elected.\\nAs a judge, lie has a profound sense ofthe solemnity of judicial func-\\ntions. In the discharge of his duties, he exhibits labour, conscien-\\ntiousness, and independence. It is believed that his opinions, to be\\nfound in the nine volumes el the Reports of the Supreme Court of\\nGeorgia, will compare well with those 1 of any of the judges in the\\nUnited Stales. Mr. Lumpkin has net had much to do with politics.\\nHe was a member of the Legislature from Oglethorpe County two\\nyears, which embraced a period when party spiril raged with great\\nviolence. Mr. Lumpkin belonged to the State Rights parly, at the\\nhead of which was George M. Troup. Had he though.1 proper to con-\\ntinue his political career, he might have received any distinction that\\nhe asked, but he abandoned politics, and although he still acts with\\nhis party, he is by no means uncharitable or exclusive.\\nFor the classics Mr. Lumpkin has always had a great fondness.\\nHis use of the Latin language in his public addresses, and in the\\ngraver literature of his judicial opinions, is very happy.\\nAs a speaker, he has acquired a high reputation. His action is\\nfree and natural, very often emphatic, and rarely otherwise than\\ngraceful.\\nAt the bar, Judge Lumpkin was mostly distinguished as an advo-\\ncate not because he did not deserve distinction for his deep re-\\nsearch, his quick perception, and his sound judgment of the law, but\\nbecause public opinion, which hesitates to award to one man more\\nthan one excellence, having cheerfully yielded to him the palm of\\neloquence and power as an advocate, was partially blind to his other\\nattainments. As an advocate-, however, in criminal causes especially\\nin opening the fountains of the heart in awakening the spirit of\\nmercy and charity\u00e2\u0080\u0094 in skilfully grouping the facts in favour of the\\nhypothesis of innocence in staving and driving back the mad pas-\\nsions of the human soul, which, in the reckless mob, are generally\\nfound arrayed against the prisoner, and crying out Crucify him,\\ncrucify him in those higher efforts of genius and eloquence, for the\\ndisplay of which our criminal trials furnish frequent occasions, we\\nhazard little in saying that Judge Lumpkin was without equal orrival\\nin his native Stale.\\nery soon alter beginning public life, he enlisted in the cause of\\ntemperance. Steadily and zealously, by example, by argument, the\\nmost fruitful illustrations, by appeals the most persuasive, and by\\na judicious patronage of every feasible expedient, he has given him-\\nself to the temperance reform.\\nWe are glad to inform our readers that Mr. Lumpkin is a religious\\nman. For twenty-five years he has been a member of the Presby-\\nterian Church. In the person of Indue Lumpkin, religion has never\\nsuffered. His study has been to let his light shine; and his life\\nproves that he endeavours to imitate the example of Him who went\\nabout doinu uood.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0448.jp2"}, "445": {"fulltext": "CLARKE COUNTY. 3 J7\\nHis attachment to Georgia is great and whilst he feels interested\\nfor the welfare of every section of his wide-spread country, we believ\\nthere is not a Georgian that can say with greater truth than Judge\\nLumpkin\\nl I love thee next to Heaven above\\nLand of my fathers! thee I love!\\nAnd, rail thy slanderers as they will,\\nWith all thy faults, I love thee still.\\nGeneral David Meriwether resided in this county for many years.\\nBy birth he was a Virginian. During the whole Revolutionary con-\\nflict he was actively engaged. He was at the siege of Savannah, and\\nthere taken prisoner by the British. In a former work, the compiler\\nhas spoken of this gentleman. He died in Clarke County.\\nCory of General Meriwether s Parole. I do hereby acknowledge myself\\nto be a prisoner of war. upon my parole to his Excellency Sir Henry Clinton\\nand that I am thereby engaged, until 1 shall be exchanged, or otherwise released\\ntherefrom, to remain at the barracks at HaddrelPs Point, or within six miles thereof,\\nwithout passing any rivers, creek, or arm of the sea; and that 1 shall not in the\\nmeantime do, or cause anything to be done, prejudicial to the success of his\\nMajesty s arms, or have intercourse or hold correspondence with his enemies;\\nand that upon a summons from his Excellency, or other person having authority\\nthereto, that I will surrender myself to him or them at such time and place as I\\nshall hereafter be required.\\nWitness my hand this 18th day of May, 1780.\\n(Signed) David Meriwether, Lieutenant.\\nWitness C. H. Simmons.\\nI do hereby certify that the above is a true copy of the parole this day signed\\nby Major Sluart, Com. of Prisoners.\\nJosiah Meigs was one of the ablest men of his day. Dr. Church, in\\na discourse delivered before the Georgia Historical Society, says\\nPresident Meigs commenced the exercises of the University when\\nno College buildings of any description had been erected. Recita-\\ntions were often heard, and lectures delivered, under the shade of\\nthe forest oak and for years he had the almost entire instruction\\nof the College, aided only by a tutor or some member of one of the\\nhigher classes. The institution was without library without appa-\\nratus without professors without buildings without productive\\nfunds And yet the President was called upon to instruct from forty\\nto sixty students, to superintend the erection of buildings, and fre-\\nquently to meet the Board of Trustees and the Legislature at a dis-\\ntance from the seat of the College, leaving the institution under the\\nsuperintendence of a tutor, or without any control but the discretion\\nof inexperienced youth. And yet, because he did not, in a few years,\\ncall together as many students as were found at Harvard or Yale, and\\ngive to the College as high a reputation as was enjoyed by those", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0449.jp2"}, "446": {"fulltext": "398 KIST0RICA1 COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nancient seminaries, he has been thoughl by some to have been K m i\\ncienl ui eeal and in talents.\\nFew men, perhaps, ever laboured nh more untiring Beal and unre-\\nmitting uulustvN than this faithful pioneer in the cause of learning in\\nour State. His views upon the subject of instruction were enlarged,\\nand the measures which he recommended to the Trustees of the Col-\\nlege and to the Legislature were judicious\u00e2\u0080\u0094 such as fully to sustain\\nhis character as a man of Learning, and our who had carefully studied\\nthe subject o( general education. The only failure on his pari was a\\nfailure to accomplish an impossibility to build up, without means, a\\nflourishing College. The Israelites had not a harder task when re-\\nquired to make brickwithout straw, than President Meigs, when,\\nunder such circumstances, he was required to raise up in a few years\\nan institution which would compare with those which had been\\nestablished and well endowed.\\nIn a letter addressed by Mr. Meigs to Governor Milledge, dated\\nMay 11, i i w now in our possession, referring to the arrival of the\\nphilosophical apparatus, he says I have been much embarrassed\\nwith company since its arrival, but 1 have patiently attended to the\\nwishes of the people. It is thought we know everything. Alas how\\nLimited is all our knowledge yet when we compare ourselves with oth-\\ners, we look down with a species of pride, but upwards with humility.\\nmel Reynolds, father of the Late Governor Reynolds, of Ala-\\nbama, was among the most enterprising ot the tirst settlors.\\nEdy ird Payne, attorney at Law, was among the early settlors of\\nthis county. As a lawyer, he occupied a very high position.\\nColonel Barber was a man of urea t integrity. In the Indian wars\\nhe greatly distinguished himself. He was much confided in by his\\nmen, and under his command they seemed to tear no danger. Colonel\\nHarbor had many escapes from the savages, some o( which were\\nalmost miraculous.\\nHon. Zadock Cook is still living near Athens, over 85 years of age.\\nHe has frequently been a member of the Legislature o( Georgia. He\\nwas a member of Congress in I s 1 7 and 1819, Mr. Cook lias been a\\ngreat reader. His memory is wonderful. We have heard that, after\\nreading a chapter in the Bible, he can repeat from memory every\\nword of it.\\nHon. Areasns S. CLAYTON was one among the most eminent\\nmen in Georgia. lie was a member oi the tirst elass that gra-\\nduated at our University. In a knowledge of the elassies he made\\nproficiency, and was esteemed one of the best w liters in Georgia.\\nHe was a member of Congress, and a Judge of the Superior Court.\\nVS en Washington visited Augusta, in 1? .he attended an exhibi-\\ntion of the students of the Richmond Aeademv. The great chief", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0450.jp2"}, "447": {"fulltext": "CLINCH COOTH V 3W\\nth the performance* of the young i\\nv)0 i eparture he desired a list of theii namef to b\\nhim, which riydone. Upon bit return ho\\nof the upeakeri a hook. Mr. Clayton was amo\\nand received from Washington a copy of Ca r\\nDoUGHEEl ettlef of\\nLty. II I\\nJudg Dougherl f\\nriflemen who do honour to their father.\\nMr. Thomj i Mitchell, an ^r\\\\y settler of Clarki\\nand worthy citizen-\\nGenera! .J. V. II long been a r r\\none of the firsl\\nElbert, in winch I il. i J,:\\nober of i Legislature, a r\\nhave been educated at\\ntional pov\\nteresting reminiscenci cted with the I\\nWe i our obligations to him for most of I\\nconcerning the promi of Clari\\nCLIN MI COUNTY\\nby tl\\nClinch.\\nI\\nMagnolia is the county sil\\ncrag the\\nganizs ..I.e...\\nRegister, 3 I. J. E.\\nif. MORGAH, JoHM NoETH, W L H.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Sir.- e wa\u00c2\u00bb written, tl this life.\\nof", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0451.jp2"}, "448": {"fulltext": "400\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nCOBB COUNTY.\\nLaid out from Cherokee in 1832, and named after Judge Thomas\\nW. Cobb.\\nThe Chattahoochee is the principal stream. Numerous creeks\\nwater the county.\\nMarietta is the seat of justice, situated near the highest point be-\\ntween the Atlantic Ocean and the Tennessee River, and is distant\\nfrom Milledgeville 113 miles.\\nThe city is rapidly improving, and a more pleasant residence there\\nis not to be found in the United States.\\nWATER-CURE ESTABLISHMENT.\\nThe above is a view of Dr. Cox s Water-Cure establishment. It\\nis located at the base of the Kenesaw Mountain, and immediately\\nupon the Western and Atlantic Railroad, one and a half miles from\\nMarietta.\\nFor purposes of health, so far as pure water, bracing atmosphere,\\nand fine scenery are concerned, a more desirable situation can scarcely\\nbe found.\\nIt is not our business to enter into any discussion as to the merits\\nof the Hydropathic system, but justice requires we should say, that\\nhundreds have derived important benefits from the regimen adopted\\nby Dr. Cox.\\nThe Georgia Military Institute is within a short distance of Mari-\\netta. This Institute originated in 1851, under the direction of Colonel\\nA. V. Brumby. Its first session opened on the 10th of July, with\\nonly seven cadets but before the close of that term the number had", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0452.jp2"}, "449": {"fulltext": "COBB COUNTY 401\\nincreased to twenty-eight. Since that time the number has steadily\\nand rapidly increased at each session up to the present time and\\nnow, having completed but two years of its history, it numbers one\\nhundred and twenty cadets, five professors, and one assistant pro-\\nfessor.\\nIt was incorporated as a college by the Legislature, at their session\\nof 1851-2. At the same session an act was passed, entitled, An\\nAct to provide for the education of a certain number of State Cadets\\nin the Georgia Military Institute, to defray the expenses of the same,\\nand for other purposes therein mentioned.\\nThe Legislature also directed the Governor to make requisition\\nupon the Government of the United States, to furnish the Institute\\nwith arms and accoutrements these arms have been received, and\\nare of the most beautiful and appropriate kind for their purpose.\\nThe government and discipline of the Institute are strictly military.\\nThe course of studies is thoroughly scientific and practical, modelled\\nas nearly as possible after that of the United States Military Academy\\nat West Point.\\nAcworth is on the Western and Atlantic Railroad.\\nPowder Springs are twelve miles S. W. of Marietta. They are\\nhighly impregnated with sulphur and magnesia, and are efficacious in\\nthe cure of diseases, particularly those of a cutaneous character, and\\ndyspepsia.\\nRoswell, a pretty village, so called from Roswell King, Esq., is\\nsituated thirteen miles from Marietta, and one mile from the Chatta-\\nhoochee. It was settled by persons chiefly from the seaboard of Geor-\\nKenesaw Mountain, (Indian name, Chuquetah,) 2J miles from\\nMarietta, is 1,828 feet above the level of the ocean. Lost Mountain,\\nBrushy Mountain, and Sweat Mountain, are considerable elevations.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 1,918; families,\\n1,918; white males, 5,872; white females, 5,696; free coloured\\nmale, 1 free coloured females, 2. Total free population, 11,571.\\nSlaves, 2,272. Deaths, 24. Farms, 931 manufacturing establish-\\nments, 10. Value of real estate, $1,881,269; value of personal\\nestate, $1,447,370.\\nDenmead s Mill, situated on Soap Creek, is 6J miles from Marietta.\\nThe main building is three stories high 40 by 50 feet. It has four\\nrun of stones, capable of turning out 125 barrels of flour per day.\\nCapital, $15,000. The flour is of excellent quality.\\nMarietta Tannery, propelled by steam, is situated one mile from\\nMarietta; proprietor, J. H. Glover, Esq. capital employed, $50,000.\\nConnected with this establishment are three brick buildings. The\\nmain building for machinery is 30 by 54 feet, 2 stories, having a\\nsmoke-stack 85 feet high. The wet bark is used for fuel. The\\nfinishing-room is 30 by 54 feet, 2 stories. The third building is oc-\\ncupied by the hands number of hands emploved, 15 cords of\\nbark used per annum, 700 7,000 hides prepared in one year. It is\\n26", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0453.jp2"}, "450": {"fulltext": "402 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nproposed to furnish the Southern market with leather finished in the\\nbest style, equal to anv manufactured at the North.\\nWilliam M Elfresh Company s Variety Works, Marietta, Georgia\\ndimensions of budding, 64 by 84 feet built of granite 3 stories\\nhigh manufactures all kinds of furniture, sashes, blinds, c. 18 or\\n20 hands employed more than $12,000 worth of work done in twelve\\nmonths.\\nThe establishment of the Roswell Manufacturing Company is situ-\\nated at Roswell, containing 2 cotton mills, 1 wool factory, and 1\\nflouring mill capital, $220,000. The old factory is built of brick\\n3 stories, with basement, 88 feet by 48 2,208 fly spindles, turning\\noff 1,000 pounds of yarn, No. 6 to 12, per day. The building is in\\nthe process of enlargement, and it is expected that at an early period\\nthere will be added 8 frames, 1,152 spindles, which will make 650\\npounds No. 16 yarn also, machinery for cotton rope 400 lbs. per\\nday.\\nThe new factory is built of brick, with rock foundation 140 feet\\nby 53 4 stories overshot iron wheel, 16 feet, face 20 feet diameter;\\ncontains 5,184 Danforth cap spindles, 32 thirty-six inch cards, and\\n120 looms, making 2,575 pounds per day No. 20 yarn number of\\nhands, 250. After the present year, 300 will be required.\\nThe water-power fine. Wages of operatives dependent upon their\\nindustry. The temperance principle strictly enforced. Provision\\nmade for the instruction of the children. Goods manufactured have\\na high character, and are sent to Tennessee, Alabama, and to various\\nparts of Georgia.\\nNickajack factory is on Nickajack Creek.\\nThe surface of the country is broken. The lands upon the Chat-\\ntahoochee are rich. The creek bottoms are also fertile, and well\\nadapted to cotton, wheat, and corn. The uplands are of a mulatto\\nand gray colour. Best Chattahoochee lands are worth $20 per acre\\ncreek bottoms, $8 uplands, from $1 to $8 per acre.\\nThe roads are as good as the nature of the country will allow.\\nThe principal road crosses the Chattahoochee at the Standing Peach-\\ntree, passing through Marietta and Allatoona to Cassville. Another\\nmain road passes through Sand Town, in Campbell County, to Alla-\\ntoona, and is known as the Alabama road. Another road much tra-\\nvelled is the one which crosses the Chattahoochee River, at McAfee s\\nBridge, and passes near Roswell to Vann s Valley and North Alabama.\\nGold has been found on Proctor s Creek, in the northern part of\\nthe county at Allatoona, on Powder Spring Creek, on Sweet Wa-\\nter Creek, near Kenesaw Mountain, and in Marietta. Silver, iron,\\nlead, copper, talc, soapstone, plumbago, quartz, c, abound.\\nThere are many respectable schools in various sections of the\\ncounty, particularly at Marietta and Roswell.\\nOn Mud Creek there are the remains of an ancient fortification,\\nand on the Chattahoochee River several small mounds.\\nThe climate, though variable, is as healthy as any portion of the", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0454.jp2"}, "451": {"fulltext": "COBB COUNTY. 403\\nUnited States. Exposure to cold and rain is hardly ever attended by\\nserious consequences. No case of consumption has ever occurred in\\nthe county. The summer diseases are bowel complaints, c. The\\nwinter diseases are pleurisy and pneumonia.\\nAmong the instances of longevity are, Mr. Fleming, who was over\\n94 years of age when he died; Mr. J. Collins, a Revolutionary soldier,\\nover 88 Mrs. Henry was over 80 Mrs. Dougherty was over 85\\nMr. Smith, 80 Mr. Edwards died at 90.\\nEarly Settlers. Taliaferro McAfee, Colonel Merritt,\\nOsborn Mullins, Daniel Reid, Isaac Grey, Thos. Hairston,\\nDaniel R. Turner, L. Simpson, Matthias Bates, John L. Moore,\\nJames Anderson, Josiah Massey, Wm. C. Greene, Simeon Strick-\\nland, Reuben Benson, Allen A. Winn, R. Groves, D. Moore,\\nSamuel M. and Wm. Malony, Joseph D. Shewmake, Samuel\\nY^oung, Wm. Mayes, Robert Lemmon, Wm. Guess, Martin Adams,\\nBradley Smith, Jackson Gregory, Wm. W. Duncan, Lema\\nKirtley, John Rowe, Geo. W. Winter, Thos. Pritchard, Alfred\\nEdwards, Wiley Roberts, James Foot, Sr., Geo. W. Gober,\\nWm. B. Crane, John B. Brockman, T. H. McClusky, P. M.\\nOliver, Thos. Whitehead, c.\\nThe first Superior Court for this county was held on the 16th\\nday of September, 1833, at Marietta, Judge John W. Hooper pre-\\nsiding.\\nFIRST GRAND JURORS.\\nJacob R. Brooks. Wm. Pursell.\\nGeo. Baber. John Pace.\\nSimpson Dyer. Wm. Harris.\\nJames Berry. Daniel May.\\nFerdinand Jett. John Clay.\\nWm. B. Malone. John James.\\nSidney F. Fouche. Samuel Hannon.\\nJohn W. Lowery. David Kennedy\\nJohn Moore. James Power.\\nJames L. Davis.\\nThe population of this county, like that of the greater part of newly settled\\ncountries, was composed of many rough and lawless persons, which rendered\\ndecided and summary action necessary on the part of the presiding officer to\\nmaintain the authority of the Courts, and the supremacy of the law; there was\\nno jail at Marietta, and nothing but a small log-cabin erected for the administra-\\ntion of justice, and just in the rear of which there was a small inclosure about twelve\\nrails high, intended for a horse lot. During the session of one of the Courts at\\nwhich Judge Warner presided, a man somewhat intoxicated, or pretending\\nto be so, became very boisterous, disturbing the business of the Court. The\\njudge ordered the Sheriff to take him away, and request his friends to keep him\\naway, but in a few minutes he returned more vociferous than ever, cursing the", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0455.jp2"}, "452": {"fulltext": "404 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nCourt and its officers, telling the judge to put him in jail and be d d. The\\njudge hesitated for a moment, and then very deliberately ordered the Sheriff to\\ntake the disturber of the public business and place his head under the horse lot\\nfence, until he became sober. The Sheriff promptly executed the order, and\\nshortly afterwards, when he was wanted in Court, he could not be found, and it\\nwas ascertained that, in obedience to what he considered the order of the judge,\\nafter putting the man s neck between the heavy rails of the fence, about two\\nfeet from the ground, his body on one side, and his head on the other, he had\\ntaken his seat on the top rail of the fence above his prisoner, that he might be\\nsecurely kept. The prisoner, however, soon reported himself sober, and was re-\\nleased. The next morning he met the judge, and after thanking him for his\\nimprisonment, said that he had made a sober man of him during life. This de-\\ncided conduct on the part of Judge Warner prevented any further disturbance of\\nthe Court.\\nThere was a tradition among the Indians that the line between the Creeks and\\nCherokees commenced on the Chattahoochee, about the Lower Shallow Ford,\\nrunning out to the ridge dividing the Etowah and the Chattahoochee rivers,\\naround to the head waters of the Tallapoosa and those streams that flow into the\\nEtowah, and thence on to the Coosa River. At a ball play in which the Creeks\\nand Cherokees were engaged, the former staked that portion of their territory\\nthat lay south of this line, and the latter won the game and obtained pos-\\nsession of the territory, in which the counties of Cobb, Paulding, and Polk are\\nnow included.\\nKenesaw Town was situated upon the plantation now owned by-\\nMr. Roberts. Kenesaw was the chief. In 1833 it had 200 inhabi-\\ntants.\\nAlatoona was on the Etowah River. In 1830 it had 500 in-\\nhabitants.\\nSweet Water Old Town was situated upon the plantation now\\nowned by Israel Causey. Sweet Water was the chief.\\nBuffalo Fish Town was upon the plantation now owned by Mrs.\\nVarner.\\nCOLUMBIA COUNTY.\\nThis county was laid out from Richmond in 1790. Length, 25\\nm. breadth, 20 m. area square miles, 500.\\nThe Savannah River separates this county from South Carolina,\\nand Little River from Wilkes and Lincoln counties.\\nAppling is the seat of justice, on the Great Kiokee Creek, 82\\nmiles from Milledgeville. Incorporated in 1826.\\nWrightsborough is on Town Creek, 16 miles from Appling. It\\nwas settled before the Revolution by a colony of Quakers, under the\\ndirection of Joseph Mattock, who had obtained for himself and fol-", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0456.jp2"}, "453": {"fulltext": "COLUMBIA COUNTY. 405\\nlowers a tract of land embraciug 40,000 acres. It was named after\\nSir James Wright, formerly Governor of Georgia.\\nRaysville is on Little River, 10 miles from Appling.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 751 families, 751\\nwhite males, 1,838 white females, 1,779 free coloured males, 38\\nfree coloured females, 34. Total free population, 3,689. Slaves,\\n8,272. Deaths, 24. Farms, 931 manufacturing establishments,\\n10. Value of real estate, $1,881,269; value of personal estate,\\n$1,447,370.\\nThe climate is mild. A long list of instances of longevity might\\nbe given. We insert a few names.\\nCaptain Thomas Cobb, aged 110. He was a native of Buckingham\\nCounty, Virginia. His patriotism induced him to take part with the\\ncountry in the struggle for the independence of these States, and he\\nwas often associated in the counsels of the chiefs of those startling\\ntimes. He held offices under the Commonwealth, after it had ob-\\ntained self-government, and removed to Georgia about the year\\n1783. He was an agriculturist, and the efficient manager of his\\nplantation for eighty or ninety years. Such was the comprehensive-\\nness of his mind and physical activity, that he was surrounded with\\nabundance under every difficulty of season. Perhaps no man ever in\\nGeorgia, during so long a space of time, enjoyed so much entirely\\nfrom his own resources.\\nCaptain Leonard Marbury, aged 93. He left three sons, three\\ndaughters, and ninety-six other descendants.\\nMr. David Hodge, aged 102. His marriage was thus announced\\nin a paper of the day\\nIhe Spirit of Seventy-six Another hero of the Revolution has fallen before\\nthe shrine of Hymen but even in his fall he triumphed Thus runs the proud\\nmemorial of his glory On the 25th ult. was united in the hohy bands of matri-\\nmony, by John McGehee, Esq., Mr. David Hodge, aged one hundred and two\\nyears and two months, to Miss Elisabeth Baily, aged forty years, both of Columbia\\nCounty, Georgia. Mr. Hodge was at Braddock s defeat, and served throughout\\nthe whole period of the Revolutionary War. Augusta Chronicle.\\nMr. Gibson, who resides in this county, has in his possession a re-\\nmarkable stone, which it is affirmed has the property of curing the\\nbite of a snake or mad dog. The compiler of this work has been\\nassured by more than fifty respectable gentlemen, some of whom have\\nbeen eye-witnesses to experiments made with this stone, that when\\napplied to the wound it extracts the poison. Many instances have\\noccurred in which persons were relieved who had been severely bitten\\nby poisonous snakes and mad dogs. It is not our business to specu-\\nlate on this subject. We only state the fact, and remark that it is too\\nwell authenticated to admit of any doubt.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0457.jp2"}, "454": {"fulltext": "406 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nDISTINGUISHED MEN.\\nThe Rev. Daniel Marshall, a zealous minister of the Baptist de-\\nnomination, lived and died in this county. His grave is near the\\ncourt-house in Appling.\\n-Captain Ignatius Few died at the age of sixty. He was an ardent\\npatriot of the Revolution.\\nDavid Bushnell, a very remarkable man, was first known to the\\npeople of Georgia, in 1795 or 96, as a teacher in the County of Co-\\nlumbia. He was eminently distinguished for his classical and scien-\\ntific learning. His chief enjoyments were found in the instruction of\\nhis classes, and an occasional visit to a few men of congenial spirit.\\nHe had, doubtless, been an officer in our Revolutionary army a\\ncaptain of a corps of sappers and miners. It was in this capacity,\\naccording to a statement in Colonel Humphrey s Life of General\\nPutnam, that Captain Bushnell contrived a submarine engine, for the\\npurpose of destroying the British fleet, then lying in the Delaware\\nBay, below Philadelphia.\\nOwing to some cause, the enterprise against the fleet failed but\\nthe explosion of combustible matter, contained in two or three hun-\\ndred kegs of powder, floating beneath the surface of the water, brought\\nto view such strange and frightful pyrotechnical phenomena, that the\\nBritish admiral took alarm, and his fleet left the Delaware with the\\nutmost haste and confusion. This ridiculous panic of the admiral\\nstirred the mirthful muse of Francis Hopkinson, Esq., of Philadelphia,\\nwhose description of the scene is contained in the following verses,\\nentitled\\nthe battle of the kegs.\\nGallants, attend, and hear a friend\\nTrill forth harmonious ditty\\nStrange things I ll tell, which late befell\\nIn Philadelphia city.\\nTwas early day, as poets say,\\nJust when the sun was rising,\\nA soldier stood on log of wood,\\nAnd saw a thing surprising.\\nAs in amaze he stood to gaze,\\n(The truth can t be denied, sir,)\\nHe spied a score of kegs, or more,\\nCome floating down the tide, sir.\\nA sailor, too, in jerkin blue,\\nThe strange appearance viewing,", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0458.jp2"}, "455": {"fulltext": "COLUMBIA COUNTY. 407\\nFirst d (1 his eyes, in great surprise,\\nThen said, Some mischief s brewing.\\nThese kegs, I m told, the rebels hold,\\nPaek d up like pickled herring;\\nAnd they ve come down t attack the town,\\nIn this new way of ferry ng.\\nThe soldier flew, the sailor too,\\nAnd, scar d almost to death, sir,\\nWore out their shoes to spread the news,\\nAnd ran till out of breath, sir.\\nNow, up and down, throughout the town,\\nMost frantic scenes were acted\\nAnd some ran here, and others there,\\nLike men almost distracted.\\nSome fire cried, which some denied,\\nBut said the earth had quaked\\nAnd girls and boys, with hideous noise,\\nRan through the streets half naked.\\nSir William* he, snug as a flea,\\nLay all this time a snoring\\nNor dream d of harm, as he lay warm\\nIn bed.\\nNow, in a fright, he starts upright,\\nAwak d by such a clatter\\nHe rubs both eyes, and boldly cries,\\nFor God s sake, what s the matter\\nAt his bedside, he then espied\\nSir Erskine,f at command, sir\\nUpon one foot he had one boot,\\nAnd t other in his hand, sir.\\nArise! arise! Sir Erskine cries;\\nThe rebels more s the pity\\nWithout a boat, are all afloat,\\nAnd rang d before the city.\\nThe motley crew, in vessels new,\\nWith Satan for their guide, sir,\\nPaek d up in bags, or wooden kegs,\\nCome driving down the tide, sir.\\nSir William Howe. f Sir William Erskine.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0459.jp2"}, "456": {"fulltext": "408 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGiA\\nTherefore prepare for bloody war\\nThese kegs must all be routed,\\nOr surely we despised shall be.\\nAnd British courage doubted.\\nThe royal band now ready stand,\\nAll rang d in dread array, sir,\\nWith stomachs stout to see it out,\\nAnd make a bloody day, sir.\\nThe cannons roar from shore to shore\\nThe small arms loud did rattle\\nSince wars began, I m sure no man\\nE er saw so strange a battle.\\nThe rebel dales, the rebel vales,\\nWith rebel trees surrounded,\\nThe distant woods, the hills and floods,\\nWith rebel echoes sounded.\\nThe fish below swam to and fro,\\nAttack d from every quarter\\nWhy, sure, (thought they,) the devil s to pay\\nMongst folks above the water.\\nThe kegs, tis said, though strongly made\\nOf rebel staves and hoops, sir,\\nCould not oppose their powerful foes,\\nThe conqu ring British troops, sir.\\nFrom morn to night, these men of might\\nDisplay d amazing courage\\nAnd when Ihe sun was fairly down,\\nRetired to sup their porridge.\\nA hundred men, with each a pen,\\nOr more, upon my word, sir,\\nIt is most true, would be too.few,\\nTheir valour to record, sir.\\nSuch feats did they perform that day,\\nAgainst these wicked kegs, sir,\\nThat, years to come, if they get home,\\nThey ll make their boasts and brags, sir.\\nAfter the close of the Revolutionary War, Captain Bushnell travelled\\nin Europe, and subsequently engaged in mercantile pursuits wtiicn\\nare said to have terminated in heavy losses. Whether a hope of te-", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0460.jp2"}, "457": {"fulltext": "COLUMBIA COUNTY. 409\\ninstating himself in the possession of an independent fortune induced\\nhim to come to Georgia, we are unable to say. His old fellow-sol-\\ndier, the Hon. Abraham Baldwin, received him into his family, under\\nwhose auspices he had no difficulty in placing himself at the head of\\none of the most respectable schools in Georgia. In this vocation he\\nspent several years, and under his guidance and tuition many of our\\nmost useful citizens received valuable instructions in Learning and mo-\\nrals. Late in life, he settled in Warrenton as a practitioner of physic.\\nThen, and ever afterwards, he was known as Dr. Bush. For reasons\\nwhich have never been disclosed, he had, some time before he settled\\nin Georgia, dropped the last syllable of his name and until the pub-\\nlication of his last will and testament, no person in this country, ex-\\ncept his old friend Baldwin, was apprised of the fact that his family\\nname was Bushnell. It was probably a device of his own, for the\\npurpose of concealing his personal identity but what considerations\\ninduced him to desire such concealment, will probably never be known.\\nThose who knew the man best, however, during his residence of\\nthirty or forty years in Georgia, could not be led to think that it had\\nits origin in circumstances disreputable to his character.\\nAt an age little short of ninety years, Dr. Bush departed this life,\\nleaving, by his last will and. testament, his whole estate to be disposed\\nof at the discretion of his executors, Peter Crawford, Esq., a promi-\\nnent citizen of Columbia County, and George Hargroves, Esq., a\\ngentleman of known probity, a resident, at that time, in Warrenton.\\nAccording to the will, these executors were required to make in-\\nquiries in the town of Seabrook, in Connecticut and if any persons\\nshould be ascertained to be of the blood and family of the testator,\\nand, in the opinion of the executors, to have fair claims, on the score\\nof moral worth, to such bounty, they were required to regard the\\nmost meritorious individual of the family as the true legatee, to whom\\nthe whole estate was to be transferred. But should none of the kin-\\ndred be found to fulfil the condition set forth in the will, then they\\nwere directed to transfer the estate to the Trustees of Franklin Col-\\nlege, in this State, as part of the permanent fund of that institution.\\nLegatees were found in Connecticut.\\nColonel Daniel Appling was born on the 25th of August, 1787,\\nin this county. At the age of eighteen he entered the army of the\\nUnited States, and during the war of 1812, distinguished himself in\\nseveral engagements with the enemy. He died 18th March, 1818.\\nColonel William Few, a descendant of one of the original settlers\\nof Pennsylvania, was born in Baltimore County, Maryland, on the 8th\\nof June, 1748. His paternal ancestor, who was from Wales, and whose\\nfamily name was written Ffew, accompanied William Penn in his\\nmigration to this country. When William was ten years of age,\\nhis parents removed with their family to Orange County, North\\nCarolina, and here his education was conducted by an able teacher.\\nHis book was his constant companion in the field and during the in-", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0461.jp2"}, "458": {"fulltext": "410 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\ntervals of labour. Qualified by his sound principles and virtuous habits,\\nat the very beginning of the Revolution he espoused the cause of his\\ncountry. In conjunction with some young men of his acquaintance,\\nhe formed a volunteer company of infantry. Of those who joined\\nthis company, the greater part were appointed officers in the regiment\\nof Continental troops raised by the Convention of North Carolina in\\n1776. In one of these regiments, Mr. Few was offered a captain s\\ncommission but, in pursuance of arrangements previously made, he\\nremoved, in the autumn of 1776, to Georgia, where the Revolution\\nwas in active progress, the affairs of government having been trans-\\nferred to a Committee of Public Safety. Shortly after his arrival,\\nthe knowledge of his character having preceded him, he was elected\\na member of the Convention about to be called to form a constitution\\nfor the future government of the State.\\nAt the coming election, he was chosen, by a unanimous vote, a\\nmember of the Assembly for the County of Richmond, and in the\\nmeeting of that body was appointed one of the Council. From this\\nperiod to that of the adoption of the Constitution of the United States,\\nand afterwards, with short intervals, to the close of 1804, he was con-\\nstantly employed in public affairs.\\nHis earliest military service was performed in repulsing a British\\nforce which invaded Georgia from East Florida. After the capture\\nof Savannah in 1778, and the subsequent occupation of Augusta by\\nthe British, he was engaged in several hazardous marches and suc-\\ncessful actions, which resulted in expelling the enemy from the in-\\nterior. Soon after this, with a small force of militia, he dispersed a\\nbody of Creek Indians, who, to the number of seven hundred, under\\nthe influence of Tate, a British agent, were approaching the frontier\\nsettlements from the West. As Lieutenant-Colonel of Militia, he was\\nfor a length of time occupied in the perilous and difficult service of\\nguarding the interior portions of the State from the incursions of the\\nIndians. In 1778 he accepted the appointment of Surveyor-General\\nof the State, and also that of Presiding Judge of the County of Rich-\\nmond and in 1779, he was re-elected a member of the Legislature\\nfor the ensuing year; by which body, in January, 1780, he was ap-\\npointed a member of Congress, and in the following May proceeded to\\nPhiladelphia, and took his seat.\\nThe British forces continued, in 1781, to occupy the coast and\\nsouthern part of Georgia, when information was communicated to\\nCongress, by their minister in Europe, of a disposition on the part of\\nthe British Government to treat for peace, in view of which the dele-\\ngates from Georgia feared that a negotiation might proceed, on con-\\ndition that each party should retain the places of which it held pos-\\nsession and Colonel Few, by the advice of Congress, and on the\\nrequest of his colleagues, returned to his constituents, to advise with\\nthem on the subject, and to assist in appointing officers, and reorgani-\\nzing the government in the several counties of the State.\\nHaving accomplished these objects, he was reappointed to Con-\\ngress, and again took his seat in that body, in May, 1782.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0462.jp2"}, "459": {"fulltext": "COLUMBIA COUNTY. 411\\nSoon after the peace in 1783, Colonel Few returned to Georgia,\\nand was immediately elected by the County of Richmond a member\\nof the Legislature, which assembled in January, 1784, for the purpose\\nof revising the laws, and providing for an effective administration of\\nthe government, which, from the events of the war on the coast, and\\nthe disturbed state of the frontier, had for a length of time been wholly\\ninoperative. He now engaged in the practice of law, and by his in-\\ntimate knowledge of the affairs of the State, his experience in public\\nlife, his talents as a debater, and his integrity, industry, and prudence,\\nwas rapidly rising to eminence in his profession, when a controversy,\\narising between Georgia and South Carolina, in relation to territory\\nwhich was referred to Congress for adjustment, he was appointed\\nagent for the claims of his State, and was again elected a member of\\nCongress.\\nOn the 25th of May, 1787, the Convention for forming the Consti-\\ntution of the United States met in Philadelphia. Colonel Few was a\\nmember of the Convention, and one of those who, by their signatures,\\ntestified their approbation of that instrument, and recommended it to\\ntheir constituents. He soon after repaired to Georgia, to exert his\\ninfluence in favour of the adoption by that State of the proposed Con-\\nstitution, and was elected a delegate from the County of Richmond\\nto the State Convention, which met in Augusta the ensuing Decem-\\nber, and by which the Constitution was ratified and adopted. The\\nLegislature, shortly afterwards, appointed him one of the Senators of\\nthat State. In 1788, Colonel Few married Catharine, daughter of\\nthe venerable Commodore Nicholson, of the United States Navy,\\nwith whom he lived in all harmony and affection until the day of his\\ndeath.\\nAbout the time of his marriage the frontier citizens of Georgia were\\nmuch harassed by the predatory incursions of the Creek Indians, and\\na commission, on an application, through their Senators, from the Le-\\ngislature of that State, to the President of the United States, for re-\\nlief, being appointed to adjust the controversy between the parties by\\ntreaty, Colonel Few, having personal knowledge of the Indian chiefs,\\nand of the nature of the difficulties to be overcome, and feeling a deep\\ninterest in the success of a friendly negotiation, voluntarily accompa-\\nnied the Commissioners on their mission. After their first interview\\nwith the chiefs and head men, on the banks of the Oconee River, the\\nlatter, contrary to their friendly professions, suddenly retired, under\\nthe influence of their perfidious advisers, to the interior of their coun-\\ntry. At the instance of Colonel Few, the Commissioners, under the\\nescort of two friendly kings, were induced to follow the retiring party.\\nThey accordingly pursued, and overtook them, but all their efforts to\\nrenew the negotiation were unavailing.\\nHis term of service in the Senate of the United States, by which\\nthe classification was limited to four years, having expired in March,\\n1793, Colonel Few retired with his family to his estate in Georgia,\\nand resumed his agricultural pursuits. In 1795, Mr. Few was elected\\na member of the Legislature which declared the Yazoo act null and", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0463.jp2"}, "460": {"fulltext": "412 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nvoid. About the same time, the State having been divided into four\\nJudicial Districts, he was appointed Judge of the Second District, the\\narduous duties of which he continued to discharge for three years,\\nwhen his health being impaired, he resigned, and in the summer of\\n1799, removed with his family to the City of New- York, where he\\ncontinued to reside to the close of his life, having filled many impor-\\ntant offices in the gift of the citv, as Mayor, c. He died 16th\\nJuly, 1828.\\nHon. Thomas W. Cobb attained to a degree of eminence in his pro-\\nfession scarcely surpassed by that of any lawyer in Georgia. He was\\na native of Columbia County. He was elected to Congress in 1818,\\nand in 1823 and 1824 was elected Senator, which office he resigned\\nin 1828, and became a Judge of the Superior Court. He died at\\nGreenesborough in 1830.\\nREVOLUTIONARY PAPERS CONNECTED WITH THE HISTORY OF\\nCOLUMBIA.*\\nWe, the inhabitants of the town of Wrightsborough and places adjacent, un-\\nderstanding that fourteen persons have drawn up several resolutions respecting\\nthe disputes between Great Britain and the town of Boston, concerning the\\ndestroying of a quantity of tea, the property of the East India Company, and have\\npublished them as the act of the Province, and which we look upon as a great\\nimposition, having no knowledge of them till after they were passed therefore\\nwe do, in this public manner, deny passing any concerning them, and disapprove\\nof them altogether, such proceedings as a few acting for the whole without their\\nknowledge, we apprehend being contrary to the rights and privileges of every\\nBritish subject.\\nJohn Oliver, J. P. John Stubbs, Isaac Vernon, Jasias Pewgate, John Jones,\\nThomas Watson, Sen., David Baldwin, Henry Ashfield, Samuel Hart. Alexander\\nOttery, Jesse Margan, Ellis Haines, Aaron McCarter, Stephen Bigshop, Abram\\nLouders, James Oliver, John Greason, William Daniel, Silas Pace, Gereiom\\nWooddell, Absalom Beddell, William Foster, John Clower, Abraham Parker,\\nJames Jenkins, Oliver Matthews, Edward Greene, Joseph Jackson, Joel Phillips,\\nMatthew Hobbs, Joseph Haddock, J. P. Thomas Ansly, John Lindsay, Abram\\nDennis, Richard Webb, Benjamin Ansly, John Watson, Robert Day, Drury\\nRogers, James Anglin, Jacob Watson, Robert Cowin, Lewis Powell, Jacob Col-\\nlins, William Childre, Robert Harper, Jacob Dennis, Nicholas White, John\\nMoor, Joshua Sanders, Robert Jenkins, Robert Nelson, Hillery Grey, James\\nBishop, John Fairchild, John James, Zachariah Phillips, Edward Hill, John Hill,\\nJoshua Hill, John Davis, Isaac Greene, Samuel Sinquefield, William Sinquefield,\\nReuben Sherill, Morris Callingham, Joel Cloud, John Stewart, Jun., John Lang,\\nJames Ryan, Henry Walker, Peter Perkins, Thomas Gilliland, Uriah Odom,\\nState Documents.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0464.jp2"}, "461": {"fulltext": "COWETA COUNTY. 413\\nRichard Hokitt, Edward Hagen, Joseph Kallensworth, Abram Hilton, William\\nMichell, John Evans, John Evans, Jun., Peter Williams, John Stewart, Jonathan\\nSell, William Welden, John Thompson, Joseph Millen, William Penton, Alex-\\nander Oliver, Ambrose Holiday, Abraham Johnston, Nathaniel Jackson, George\\nWagganer, Robert Walton, Walter Drummond, Charles Dunn, Ezekiel Millar,\\nJohn West, John Hodgin, Peter Cox, Joseph Brown, Henry Jones, John Dennis,\\nFrancis Jones, Peter Weathers, Timothy Jourdan, Watkin Richards, Abraham\\nDavis, Gabriel Davis, John Davis, Isaac Davis, John Pirks, Jacob Davis, Jona-\\nthan Sell, J. P. Thomas Pace.\\nCOWETA COUNTY.\\nLaid out in 1826. Part set off to Campbell, 1828, and a part to\\nHeard, in 1836. Length, 27 m. breadth, 18m.; area square miles,\\n486.\\nThe streams are the Chattahoochee River, and several creeks.\\nThe lands are fertile, producing cotton, corn, wheat, c.\\nNewnan, the seat of justice, is situated about the centre of the\\ncounty, 126 miles N. W. of Milledgeville.\\nThe Newnan Seminary is located here, and ranks among the first\\nschools in Georgia.\\nThe climate does not vary much from that of other counties sur-\\nrounding it.\\nAmong the first settlers of this county were, Joseph Edmondson,\\nAndrew J. Berry, Gilbert Greene, John Johnston, Talia-\\nferro, Robinson, James Stamps, Washington Arnold, James\\nHutcheson, Levi Phillips, Daniel Wester, the Redwines and\\nHearnes.\\nExtract fromthe Census of 1 850. Dwellings, 1,382 families, 1,382\\nwhite males, 4,223 white females, 3,979 free coloured males, 7\\nfree coloured females, 11. Total free population, 8,220. Slaves,\\n5,415. Deaths, 218, Farms, 911 manufacturing establishments,\\n52. Value of real estate, $2,146,322 value of personal estate,\\n$4,070,586.\\n3$ is n I lit tiros.\\nOn a tract of land belonging to Major Cheedle Cochran, of Fayette County,\\nNo. 112, Fifth District of Coweta County, are the remains of an old fortification,\\nof a circular form, and containing an area of from six to ten acres. The site is ad-\\nvantageous for the defensive, being situated on a point of land making in be-\\ntween a small creek and a branch; a short and almost perpendicular hill, project-\\ning towards the creek swamp, protected the fort from an attack from that quar-\\nter, or made death the inevitable lot of any who had the hardihood to ascend to", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0465.jp2"}, "462": {"fulltext": "414 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nits biow, in hostile array. On the other side, a gentle descent gave to those\\nwithin the fort the command of it for a considerable distance.\\nAllen Gay died in this county at the age of eighty-two. A relative of this\\ngentleman has furnished the author with a sketch of his life, from which the\\nfollowing extracts are made\\nHe began his Revolutionary career when only sixteen years of age, volunteer-\\ning to act as a substitute for his father, who had been summoned to appear at the\\nhigh hills of Santee for twelve months service. He was attached to a battalion\\nbelonging to General Greene s army. At the battle of Eutaw Springs, the com-\\npany to which he was attached formed a part of the advance, and displayed a\\ncourage which would have done honour to veterans. Upon this occasion he ac-\\ntually took five of the enemy prisoners. After the war he removed to Georgia.\\nHe was a worthy member of the Baptist Church.\\nRev. Dabney Jones. This great champion of temperance resides in this county,\\nand was one of its early settlers. In 1828 he removed from Madison, and settled\\non Shoal Creek, while, to use his own language, the bark camp of the Indians\\nwas standing, while the wolves still howled in the solitude of the forest. Mr.\\nJones assisted in erecting the first church in Coweta, and preached the first sermon\\nin Newnan, in a rude log house. He also delivered the first temperance lecture\\non the 4th of July, 1832, and from this period until 1847 he lectured at most of\\nthe Superior Courts, when the friends of temperance called upon him to be their\\nrepresentative. Mr. Jones s labours are well known in Georgia. He is an in-\\nteresting man, full of anecdote, and one cannot be in his company without being\\nconvinced of his worth.\\nIn 1836, a military detachment, under the command of Captain H. Garmany,\\non their return from the Creek war, stopped at the town of Newnan. Their visit\\nwas thus noticed in the Ncuman Palladium\\nEarly on the morning of Tuesday, 26th ult., our citizens were apprised of the\\napproach of a company of our chivalrous up-country volunteers we at once\\nthought it to be our own but when they approached, who should it be but the\\ngallant Captain Garmany, with a part of his command. They were received\\nwith enthusiasm by our citizens, and were compelled by urgent solicitation to par-\\ntake of a breakfast with us after which the ladies and gentlemen of the town and\\nits vicinity repaired to the court-house to welcome this heroic band. Colonel W.\\nD. Spear was called to the chair, and after making a few pertinent remarks,\\nsuitable to the occasion, the following song was, after proper intervals, sung thrice,\\nwith weeping eyes and great applause\\nCAPTAIN GARMANY S FIGHT.\\nTune Scots ivha ha, Src\\nSee the Chattahoochee flow,\\nBy Roanoke descending low\\nThere our soldiers met the foe,\\nFierce as panther prowling.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0466.jp2"}, "463": {"fulltext": "COWETA COUNTY. 415\\nGod was not Thy presence nigh,\\nWhen to Thee, with trusting eye,\\nLooked our soldiers, while the cry\\nBurst like wild wolves howling?\\nHear our Captain s cheerful tone\\nCourage, soldiers soldiers, on\\nLet no craven fear be shown,\\nHere no aid can find us\\nWho a home or lov d one hath,\\nFight like whirlwinds in their wrath\\nFight, there lies no middle path\\nWreath or shade must bind us.\\nShould the God of battles smile,\\nBlessings wait to crown our toil\\nMany a list ner we ll beguile\\nWith this day s bold story.\\nShould we fall, we leave a name\\nAges will be proud to claim\\nDeath, upon the soldier s fame,\\nStamps the seal of glory.\\nGarmany, such thy counsels bold,\\nNow in song thy name s enrolled,\\nAnd thy gallant deeds are told,\\nWhile thousands throng applauding.\\nBravery makes thy field her shrine,\\nBeauty s grateful tear is thine\\nWho but would his life resign,\\nSuch the meed rewarding\\nAfter the singing had ceased, Captain Garmany rose and said, in substance, as\\nfollows\\nMr. Chairman, I beg leave to respond by offering my thanks, both for myself\\nand in behalf of my company, for the honour conferred upon us. It is true, we\\nhave encountered hardships, difficulty, great danger, some suffering, and the loss\\ncf some of our best men; yet we have done no more than our duty, and duty\\nwhich every man should at all times be ready to discharge. You, dear fe-\\nmales, I with pleasure behold here in peace, and under the protection of the\\ngood and virtuous while my bosom burns at the thought that I have seen the\\nplaces where many of your sex have been butchered by those blood-thirsty sa-\\nvages, too cruel to relate yes. so cruel and heart-rending, that my life has al-\\nmost been my terror.\\nTears flowed from the eyes of all in the house, which created an inexpressible", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0467.jp2"}, "464": {"fulltext": "416\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nfeeling, and we could not trace him further, only to say that he spoke the senti-\\nments of a warm and patriotic heart.\\nThe citizens wished to retain them as guests until the morrow but the anxiety\\nof the heroes to see and embrace their wives, daughters, and sisters, was such,\\nthat we had to succumb.\\nThe first Superior Court for Coweta County was held at a place 2k miles east\\nof Newnan, commencing on the 25th day of June, 1827, Honourable Walter T.\\nColquitt, Judge.\\n1. Isaac Gray, Foreman.\\n2. Eli Nason.\\n3. James Culwell.\\n4. Samuel Walker.\\n5. Anthony North.\\n6. Nathaniel Nichol.\\n7. Edward Secour.\\n8. Thomas Dyer.\\n9. Edward Reeves.\\n10. Daniel Wester.\\nGRAND JURORS.\\n11. Moses Kelley.\\n12. Lewis M. Paulett.\\n13. Robert 0. Beavers.\\n14. Elijah Hammond.\\n15. John Culwell.\\n16. S. Green.\\n17. John Kisor.\\n18. Miles Wood.\\n19. Daniel Hull.\\nCRAWFORD COUNTY.\\nLaid out in 1822. Part set off to Upson in 1824. The Old\\nAgency Reserve added 1826. Part taken from Talbot and Marion\\n1827 and a part taken from Houstoun 1830. Length, 17 m.\\nbreadth, 17 m. area square miles, 289. Named after the Hon. Wil-\\nliam H. Crawford.\\nThe Flint River is the only stream of any magnitude.\\nThe surface of the country generally is uneven. The northern part\\nis tolerably productive, of a dark gray soil, adapted to cotton. The\\nbottom, lands are exceedingly fertile, but liable to inundations. In\\nthe poor pine region, some seven miles S. E. of Knoxville, rises a\\nprominence of about 300 feet above the level of the surrounding\\ncountry. It consists of twenty or thirty acres of rich mulatto land,\\ncovered with luxuriant growth. On this elevation is an inexhaustible\\nsupply of limestone.\\nKnoxville is the seat of justice, distant from Milledgeville fifty-\\ntwo miles.\\nHopewell is six miles N. E. of Knoxville.\\nFrancisville is six miles W. of Knoxville.\\nHickory Grove is twelve miles N. W. of Knoxville.\\nThe climate is pleasant.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0468.jp2"}, "465": {"fulltext": "CRAWFORD COUNTY. 417\\nThe Census of 1 850 gives to this county 724 dwellings 754 families\\n2,253 white males 2,089 white females 5 free coloured males 8\\nfree coloured females. Total free population, 4,355 slaves, 4,629.\\nDeaths, 118. Farms, 444 manufacturing establishments, 5. Value of\\nreal estate, $1,243,525; value of personal estate, $2,591,959.\\nAmong the early settlers were, John Hancock, William Hancock,\\nH. B. Troutman, Stephen Wright, Benjamin Beland, John S.\\nBrooks, Henry Bradford, Samuel Dukes, Benjamin Lightfoot,\\nElisha P. Turner, Willis Taylor, William Richardson, Matthew\\nJ. Jordan, Benjamin Dickson, James Lang, William Zaigler, W.\\nC. Cleveland, Mancel Hancock, T. D. Hammock, S. D. Burnett,\\nGreen P. Culverhouse, John Culverhouse, William Simmons,\\nGeo. R. Hunter, James Clark, John Perry, John Pftvt Ezekiel\\nHall, Elijah M. Amos, E. Whitington, Adam Files, Wm. T. Brown,\\nJames A. Everett, Henry Crowell, John Andrews, John Rob-\\ninson, William Williamson, Samuel Calhoun, William Trice,\\nRobert Howe, Archibald Grey, James A. Millar, Rev. Henry\\nHooten,\\nAt Fort Hawkins, formerly the Creek Agency, in July, 1817, there\\nwas an assemblage of the Creeks, amounting to between fourteen and\\nfifteen hundred. The principal chiefs dined every day with General\\nMitchell, the United States Agent, and in the afternoon executed the\\npoints which had been previously discussed and decided upon in coun-\\ncil. On this occasion the Indians had received a considerable sum of\\nmoney from the United States. Some of the younger warriors deter-\\nmined to have a frolic before they returned to their homes. A prin-\\ncipal warrior, next in command to Mcintosh, in the service of Gene-\\nral Jackson, got drunk and killed his own nephew. The chiefs im-\\nmediately convened, and after ascertaining the fact of the murder,\\nthey ordered the perpetrator to be instantly taken and executed\\nwhich was done in less than an hour after the murder was com-\\nmitted.\\nColonel Benjamin Hawkins resided in this county for many years.\\nHe was born in the County of Bute, now Warren, North Carolina, on\\nthe 15th of August, 1754. His parents were Colonel Philemon Haw-\\nkins and Delia Hawkins. Their son Benjamin received the best edu-\\ncation the country afforded. He was sent to Princeton College,\\nwhere he remained until the Revolutionary War suspended its exer-\\ncises. It is said that Colonel Hawkins, at the time he left College,\\nwas an excellent French scholar and that Washington s intercourse\\nwith the French officers rendering it necessary that he should have\\nsome member of his family to aid him in this particular, he became\\nacquainted with Colonel Hawkins, and pressed him into his service\\nas a member of his family. He was present with Washington at the\\nbattle of Monmouth, in 1779, and upon several other occasions. In\\n1780, he was chosen, by the North Carolina Legislature, Commercial\\n27", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0469.jp2"}, "466": {"fulltext": "418 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OP GEORGIA.\\nAgent. In that capacity he repaired to the Island of St. Eustatia, to\\nprocure arms and ammunition but the vessels on board of which he\\nhad placed the articles purchased were taken by the British. In\\n1782, he was elected a member of Congress for one year, and was re-\\nelected in 1783. In 1785 he was appointed a Commissioner to treat\\nwith the Cherokees, and other Indians south of them, as well as Com-\\nmissioner to negotiate with the Creeks, the duties of which he faith-\\nfully performed. In 1786, he was again elected to Congress and in\\n1789, to the Senate of the United States, where he remained for six\\nyears after which General Washington appointed him Superintend-\\nent of Indian Affairs, South. He took up his residence among the\\nCreeks, and devoted all his energies to their improvement. He estab-\\nlished a large farm, built mills, houses, wagons, and implements of all\\nsorts suited to the demands of the country. He had a large stock of\\ncattle, which the Indians were scrupulous to protect while he was\\nalive, but when he died they stole them without limit. Colonel Haw-\\nkins possessed in a high degree, not only science to conceive anything\\nhe desired, but practical common sense necessary to its full achieve-\\nment.\\nThe celebrated French General, Moreau, when an exile in this\\ncountry, made a visit to Colonel Hawkins, at the Agency. After\\nleaving him, he said he was the most remarkable man he had found\\nin America. Many volumes of his manuscripts were destroyed when\\nhis house was burnt. Some have been published the Georgia His-\\ntorical Society possess several volumes of them. He died on the\\n6th of June, 1816, at the Agency. During our visit to Crawford\\nCounty, we visited the spot where Colonel Benjamin Hawkins is sup-\\nposed to have been buried. There is no stone or monument to de-\\nsignate the spot.*\\nDADE COUNTY.\\nLaid off from Walker in 1837. Length, 24 m.; breadth, 12m.;\\narea square miles, 288. Named after Major Francis Langhorne\\nDade, U. S. A., who was killed by the Indians in Florida, December,\\n1835.\\nLookout Creek is the only stream of any importance.\\nThe soil is fertile, producing with little labour abundant crops of\\ncorn, wheat, rye and oats.\\nThe mountains are Lookout and Raccoon.\\nTrenton is the county site, 240 miles from Milledgeville.\\nThe climate is cold in winter, but delightful in summer. The in-\\nA very interesting account of Colonel Hawkins may be found in Wheeler s Histori-\\ncal Sketches of North Carolina, page 426.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0470.jp2"}, "467": {"fulltext": "OECATUR COUNTY. 419\\nstances of longevity with which we are acquainted are the following:\\nMrs. Cartwright, 80; Mrs. Carr, 80; Mr. R. Cox, 80 Mr. As-\\nBURY, 100.\\nThe mineral resources of the county are great, and large quantities\\nof bituminous coal are found in the mountains. It also abounds with\\ncaves and it is thought that within its limits are more than fifty In-\\ndian mounds.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 421 families, 421\\nwhite males, 1,246 white females, 1,286. Total free population,\\n2,532 slaves, 148. Deaths, 30. Farms, 235 manufacturing estab-\\nlishments, 4. Value of real estate, $240,220 value of personal estate,\\n$151,443.\\nThe Legislature of 1849 made an appropriation of $3,500, to con-\\nstruct a road over the Lookout Mountain.\\nAmong the persons who first settled this county were, J. B. Per-\\nkins, Joel Hulsey, James Stewart, Howell Tatum, John Guinn,\\nIsam Cole, A. Hale, Wm. Hughs, T. L. Tanner, A. B. Hannah,\\nJacob McCollum, W. Hulsev, G. Stephens, Z. O Neal, L. Hen-\\ndricks, Jesse Carroll, Jeremiah Pace, M. Cunningham, M. Mor-\\ngan, William Morgan, Jacob Sitton, W. H. Taylor, R. L. Taylor,\\nDavid Killion, Daniel Killion, Alfred Garner, James M. Hall,\\nLeroy Sutton, George Sutton.\\nDECATUR COUNTY.\\nLaid off from Early in 1823 part set off to Thomas in 1825. It\\nreceived its name from Commodore Stephen Decatur. Length, 36\\nm. breadth, 25 m. area square miles, 900.\\nThe Flint River runs through the county, and the Chattahoochee\\nforms its western boundary.\\nSpring Creek is a considerable body of water. There are several\\nother streams, viz,, Musquito, Willocoochee, c.\\nIn various parts are excellent tracts of land. Between the Flint\\nand Chattahoochee rivers is a pine barren, with some fertile spots,\\nwhich are well calculated for the growth of cotton and corn, the\\nsoil being silicious.\\nThe climate is temperate and pleasant.\\nBainbridge is the county town, situated on the east side of the\\nFlint River, on a beautiful bluff, 190 miles from Milledgeville.\\nFort Scott is below Bainbridge, on the Flint River.\\nAttapulgus is 12 miles southeast of Bainbridge.\\nExtract from Census of 1850. Dwellings, 898 families 898 white", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0471.jp2"}, "468": {"fulltext": "420 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nmales, 2,391 white females, 2,227 free coloured males, 3 free colour-\\ned females, 2. Total free population, 4,623 slaves, 3,639. Deaths,\\n92. Farms, 491 manufacturing establishments, 2. Value of real\\nestate, $805,018 value of personal estate, $1,970,631.\\nAmong the original settlers of this county may be named the fol-\\nlowing, viz. G. Mitchell, Wm. Martin, Wm. Donaldson, Joel\\nDarsey, John Darsey, W. Williams, H. Ingraham, B. Crawford,\\nJames Griffin, M. Hardin, James Brown, Samuel Cherry, Wm.\\nPowell, Samuel Williams, Daniel O. Neal, Hiram Atkinson,\\nJames T. Neal, Wm. Forson, M. Kelly, Wm. Hawthorn, John\\nWhite, John Jones, Duncan Ray, Edmund Herring, Joshua Proc-\\ntor, William Whigham, Elias McElvan, William Powell, Philip\\nPitman, John Donaldson, R. B. Douglas, Abn er Bishop, Jeremiah\\nSlade, Wm. Chester, Captain Parham, R. Strickling, J. Saunders,\\nG. G. Gaines.\\nThis county is remarkable for its numerous caves or lime-sinks.\\nDr. (Dotting, who made a geological survey of this portion of the State, has\\nkindly furnished us with the following facts\\nDecatur abounds with what are called lime-siaks. Some are filled with\\nwater, others are empty. Some have streams passing through the bottom, and\\ncommunicating with the river. The walls of these caverns are lined with slaty\\nlimestone, in which there is a quantity of marine organic remains.\\nAt Curry s Mills, near the church, is a large sink or depression. The rim ol\\nthe crater is nearly circular, being 666 feet; depth, 102 feet.\\nSixteen miles from Bainbridge is a cavern, explored to the distance of eighty-\\nthree feet, a small stream runs through it.\\nThree miles east of Flint River is a large fissure, one hundred yards long\\nbreadth, 10 feet; depth, 30 feet.\\nOne-half of a mile southeast of Black Creek, Dr. Cotting found fragments\\nof large tusks, and other bones of the zeuglodon.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0472.jp2"}, "469": {"fulltext": "DE KALB COUNTY. 421\\nDE KALB COUNTY.\\nLaid out in 1822, and named after the Baron De Kalb, who fell\\nin defence of American freedom at the battle of Camden, South Caro-\\nlina, on the 19th of August, 1780. Length, 25 m. breadth, 19m.;\\narea square miles, 475.\\nThe Chattahoochee is the chief river. The creeks are, Nancy s,\\nPeach-Tree, Utoy, c.\\nDecatur is the county town, ninety-five miles northwest of Mil-\\nledgeville.\\nAtlanta has had a growth unexampled in the history of the South.\\nIt is the point at which the Western and Atlantic, the Macon and\\nWestern, and the Georgia railroads, connect.\\nTo J. Norcross, Esq., we are indebted for the following statement\\nrelating to Atlanta\\nPopulation of Atlanta not precisely known, but placed by none under 4,500,\\nand still increasing.\\nThe number of stores, exclusive of retail liquor-shops, in the city, is 57.\\nLarge cotton warehouses, 4.\\nAmount of goods sold from 15th December, 1850, to 15th December, 1851, was\\n$1,017,000.\\nThe amount of Georgia and Tennessee produce sold, exclusive of cotton, during\\nthe same time, $406,000.\\nThe amount of goods sold in the month of October, 1851, $108,000.\\nAmount of cotton received and sold from December, 1850, to December, 1851,\\n35,500 bales.\\nAmount of money advanced by bank agents to buyers in Atlanta and neigh-\\nbouring villages, and* bills drawn against cotton shipped to Augusta, Savannah,\\nCharleston, and New-York, $1,250,000, making, in round numbers, exchange\\nor mercantile transactions over $2,500,000.\\nNor does this include large quantities of Georgia and Tennessee produce, re-\\nceived and sold here by the owners, the larger portion of which would probably\\ngo into stores here, were there any banking or other suitable accommodations for\\nadvancing on the same.\\nThere is in this city one steam flouring mill, investment, $35,000, the opera-\\ntions of which maybe placed at $150,000 per annum. One iron foundry and\\nmachine shop cash operations, $20,000 per annum. Three carriage and wheel-\\nwright shops. Two large tanneries. One large shoemaking establishment.\\nTwo large tanneries and shoe establishments in course of construction. In addi-\\ntion to the Georgia Railroad and State machine shops, which employ large\\nnumbers of workmen, one car-shop is now going up as a private enterprise\\ninvestment, $30,000.\\nWinship s Establishment. The main building of this extensive\\nestablishment is 200 feet by 40 feet a wing at one end, 24 feet by 32", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0473.jp2"}, "470": {"fulltext": "422 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nfeet, for engine a wing near the centre, 20 by 40 feet, for black-\\nsmith s shop. Engine, 25 horse-power; planing machines, 3 cir-\\ncular saws, 4 tenoning machine, 1 sash and moulding machine, 1\\nwood-turning lathe, 1 bolt-cutting machine, 1 drill press, 1 num-\\nber of hands employed, 40. Chief business, making railroad cars.\\nCapital, $20,000.\\nAtlanta Tanning Company. Proprietors, Alexander Orme.\\nCapital, $20,000. Propelled by steam. Dimensions of building, 50 feet\\nby 80, with a wing 25 by 50 two stories high. Hands employed, 10.\\nHides handled by machinery. Connected with this establishment are\\na grist-mill and a patent circular saw-mill, lathe and shingle ma-\\nchine.\\nAtlanta Machine Company. Capital employed, $5,000 number\\nof hands, 12; amount of work done per annum, $12,000; dimen-\\nsions of building, 160 by 40 feet.\\nStone Mountain and Lithonia, small places, are on the Georgia\\nRailroad.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 1,792; families,\\n1,794; white males, 5,704; white females, 5,668; free coloured\\nmales, 9 free coloured females, 23. Total free population, 11,404\\nslaves, 2,924. Deaths, 118. Farms, 1,019 manufacturing establish-\\nments, 45. Value of real estate, $1,669,810 value of personal estate,\\n$1,721,560.\\nAmong the early settlers of this county were, William Jackson,\\nJames Montgomery, John R. Brooks, Wm. Ezzard, W. M. Hill,\\nJoseph Hewey, Stephen Mays, R. Cone, J. M. Smith, Wm. David,\\nMason Shewmake, John Simpson, Amos Towers, John W. Fowler,\\nEdward Jones, Andrew Johnson, John Turner, J. P. Carr, James\\nW. Reeves, Colonel Murphy, George Clifton, James Jones, Jesse\\nLane, L. Johnston, Wm. Tererll, George Brooks.\\nThe climate is healthy. Instances of longevity are numerous.\\nJohn Biffle died at 106; D. Greene, 90 Wm. Terrell, 90; Mr.\\nBrooks, 92; Wm. Suttles died in 1839, aged 108. He was pos-\\nsessed of great physical strength, and had been a soldier of 76. At\\nhis death an estimate of his descendants was made, and it amounted\\nto 300 persons. His wife, Margaret, 104 years old, died in June,\\n1839. For seventy years she had been a member of the Baptist\\nChurch. Charles Isom and James Burnes, both 90, are now living.\\nWm. Reeves died at 87.\\nThe Stone Mountain is in this county, of which we have seen\\nmany descriptions but the following, taken from the Macon Tele-\\ngraph, of April 3, 1830, we consider the most accurate\\nThe Stone Mountain is a huge solid peak of solitary rock, three thousand feet\\nin height, and six or seven miles in circumference. The finest view of this stu-\\ni^l", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0474.jp2"}, "471": {"fulltext": "DE KALB COUNTY. 423\\npendous pyramid is obtained from the eastern side. Seen from this point at a\\ndistance,, it has the appearance of a large dark cloud streaked with thunder and\\nlightning. Approach it nearer, and its figure and consistence become distinguish-\\nable; you see the bold, naked rock, nearly globular in form, of a darkish gray\\ncolour. On climbing it, the shrubs and bushes are scattered so thinly over its\\nsides among the crevices, that it appears nearly bald. About half way up to the\\nright of your path is pointed out a small tuft of scrub cedars and oaks, de-\\nsignated as the Buzzard s Roost, from the number of those birds hovering about\\nthe spot.\\n:j 1 1\\nSTONE MOUNTAIN.\\nAbout a quarter of a mile from the top are seen the remains of a fortification\\nthat formerly extended around and defended every accessible point leading to\\nthe summit, the only entrance being through a natural passage under a large\\nrock, where only one person could enter at a time, and that by crawling on all-\\nfours. The whole length of the wall at first was probably a mile, breast high on\\nthe inside, and constructed of the loose fragments of the rocks. On reaching\\nthe summit, you have a beautiful and extensive view of the country. The top\\npresents an uneven surface, nearly flat, of an oval shape, two or three hundred\\nyards in width, and about twice that in length.\\nMany hollows are observable in the winter and spring, filled with water, and\\noccasionally little patches of soil, where various shrubs and herbs luxuriate. On\\nthe eastern side, some distance from the top, is a little grove called the Eagle s\\nNest. Adjoining it, among the broken fragments, are a number of frightful\\ncaverns, called the Lion s Den, the Panther s Hole, c.\\nFrom the summit you may ramble down the arch in any direction for several\\nhundred yards, without danger.\\nA pathetic story is told of a couple of hounds that a year or two ago followed\\ntheir owners to the top of the mountain, and in performing their gambols round\\nthe edge of the precipice, had got too far down to be able to get back. One slid\\nimmediately over, and was dashed to pieces on the rocks below, not a whole\\nbone being left in his skin; the other held to the rock for two days, howling\\npiteously, but at last became exhausted, fell, and shared the fate of his comoanion.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0475.jp2"}, "472": {"fulltext": "424 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nDOOLY COUNTY.\\nBoundaries described in the Lottery Act of 1821. Part added to\\nPulaski, 1826; a part to Lee, 1827. Named after Colonel John\\nDooly, who was murdered by the Tories in 1780. Length, 35 m.\\nbreadth, 32 m. area square miles, 1,120.\\nThe chief stream is the Flint River. The creeks are, Penna-\\nhatchee, Hogcrawl, Lampkin s Limestone, Cedar, c.\\nThe face of the country is level much of the land is productive.\\nLands which a few years ago were considered worthless, now command\\nhigh prices.\\nVienna is the county town, situated on the waters of Pennahatchee\\nCreek, distant from Milledgeville ninety-five miles.\\nDrayton is a mile and a half from Flint River.\\nTravellers Rest is in the northwest corner of the county.\\nThe climate is temperate. Remote from the water-courses, the\\ncountry is regarded healthy. The cases of longevity with which we\\nare acquainted are the following Mr. Wads worth died at 103\\nMrs. Napier, aged 100 Mrs. Wadsworth, aged over 100; and Mrs.\\nBradshaw, aged over 80, were all alive a few years since.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 962 families, 962\\nwhite males, 2,844 white females, 2,736 free coloured males, 4\\nfree coloured females, 2. Total free population, 5,586 slaves,\\n2,775. Deaths, 110. Farms, 663; manufacturing establishments, 8.\\nValue of real estate, $1,106,253; value of personal estate, $1,721,560\\nEARLY COUNTY.\\nLaid out in 1818 part set off to Decatur in 1823 part set off to\\nBaker, 1825; organized in 1825, and named after Governor Peter\\nEarly.\\nAccording to the last census, there are in this county 656 dwellings,\\n656 families, 1,909 white males, 1,807 white females, 1 free coloured\\nmale. Total free population, 3,717 3,529 slaves, 55 deaths, 367\\nfarms, 11 manufacturing establishments. Value of real estate,\\n$757,005 value of personal estate, $2,067,717.\\nThe Chattahoochee is the chief stream. Various creeks water the\\ncountry.\\nThe face of the country is gently undulating, almost without an\\nelevation worthy of being called a hill, and two-thirds covered with\\nforests of the tallest long-leaf pine.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0476.jp2"}, "473": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0477.jp2"}, "474": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0478.jp2"}, "475": {"fulltext": "EARLY COUNTY. 425\\nThis section of our State, except in the lime-land valleys, is de-\\ncidedly healthy. There are no diseases peculiar to the country.\\nAmong the original settlers of this county were, Isham Sheffield,\\nWest Sheffield, Arthur Sheffield, James Bush, John Hays,\\nJoseph and Richard Grimsley, Richard Spann, Frederick Porter,\\nJoseph Boles, John Roe, Abner Jones, Nathaniel Weaver, James\\nJones, Solomon V. Wilson, John Dill, Alexander Watson, James\\nCarr, John Tilley, William Hendrick, John Floyd, D. Roberts,\\nAndrew Burch, B. Collier, J. Fowler, Martin Wood, George\\nMercier, William Dickson, A. Hays, James Brantley, E. Hays.\\nBlakely is the county town, named after Captain Blakely, of the\\nnavy. It is 180 miles from Milledgeville.\\nFort Gaines is on a high bluff of the Chattahoochee, and is a place\\nof considerable business. It derived its name from a fort built against\\nthe Indians, in 1816, by order of General Gaines.\\nSix miles north of Blakely, on Little Colomokee Creek, at the\\nplantation of Judge Mercier, are some ancient works. Annexed is a\\nview of them.\\nIn Pickett s History of Alabama and Georgia, they are thus de-\\nscribed\\nNo. 1. The large sacrificial mound, seventy feet in height, and six hundred\\nfeet in circumference. This mound is covered with large forest trees, from four\\nto five hundred years old. A shaft has been sunk in the centre to the depth of\\nsixty feet, and at its lower portion a bed of human bones, five feet in thickness,\\nand in a perfectly decomposed state, was passed.\\nNo. 2, 2. Like the former, have earth stones on the summit, with charred\\nwood around them, which would show that they, too, were used for sacrifices.\\nThey are thirty feet high.\\nNo. 3. A wall of earth inclosing these mounds.\\nNo. 4, 4, 4, 4. Mounds outside of the inclosure, twenty feet high, and proba-\\nbly used as watch-towers.\\nNo. 5. Entrance to the inclosure.\\nIn the rear of these mounds is a creek, No. 6, and from the large mound there\\nhas been constructed an arched passage, three hundred yards in length, lead-\\ning to the creek, and probably intended to procure water for religious purposes.\\nMajor Joel Crawford resides in this county. He was born in\\nRichmond County, on the 15th of June, 1783. His early education\\nwas received at a school kept by Dr. Bush.* At the age of twenty\\nhe became a student of law under the. Hon. Nicholas Ware, of\\nAugusta, and was admitted to practice at Washington in January,\\n1808.\\nHe then removed to Milledgeville, and in a few years succeeded in\\nobtaining an extensive practice.\\nFor many particulars connected with the history of Dr. Bush, see under the head of\\nColumbia County.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0479.jp2"}, "476": {"fulltext": "426\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nIn 1813, Mr. Crawford joined the army of General Floyd, and,\\nalthough a perfect stranger to him, he appointed him his aid, and in\\nthis capacity he served through the whole of the campaign. In his\\nofficial despatches, General Floyd spoke in the highest terms of Major\\nCrawford. After the war, he resumed the practice of the law, and\\nin 1S26 removed to the County of Hancock, where he became very\\npopular, being elected to the Senate of Georgia for three consecutive\\nyears. Anterior to his removal to Hancock, he had been elected to\\nCongress. In 182S he was brought out as a candidate for Governor\\nin opposition to Mr. Gilmer, but was defeated. In 1831 he was\\nagain a candidate for the Executive chair, and was defeated by Mr.\\nLumpkin.\\nTo Major Crawford many important trusts have been committed,\\nall of which he has discharged with fidelity. He has a commanding\\nperson, and is possessed of fine conversational powers.\\nEFFINGHAM COUNTY.\\nThis county formerly constituted a part of the Parishes of St. Mat-\\nthew and St. Philip, formed in 1758. In 1777 it was laid off,\\nand received its present name in honour of the Earl of Effingham,\\nan ardent supporter of colonial rights. In 1793 a portion of it was\\nadded to Screven, and in 1794 a portion to Bryan. Length, 30 m.\\nbreadth, 16 m. area square miles, 480.\\nSpringfield is the county town, 140 miles southeast of Milledge-\\nville.\\nEbenezer is an old German settle-\\nment, twenty-five miles from the City\\nof Savannah. The Lutheran Church,\\nof which a view is annexed, was used\\nby the British, in the Revolutionary\\nWar, as a hospital.\\nWhitesville is on the Central Rail-\\nroad.\\nflfc Among the early settlers were,\\nTims. Gsoiiwandel, Gabriel Maurer,\\n|lvffli!\u00c2\u00ae^lwj John Maurer, Geo. Kogler, Paulus\\n1 Zittrauer, Peter Renter, Simon\\nReiter, Matthias Brandner, Chris-\\ntian Leimberger, Martin Lackner,\\nLUPRETCHT STEINER, VeIT LeMMEN-\\nhoffer, John and Car. Floerel, Rupretch Zimmerman, Simon\\nSteiner, Geo. Schwaiger, John Schmidt, Leonhard Crause, Peter\\nGruber, Jacob Schartner, Joseph Leitner, John Cornberger, An-\\nCHURCH AT EBENEZER.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0480.jp2"}, "477": {"fulltext": "effingham county. 427\\ndreas Grimmiger, Matthias Burgsteiner, Veit Landselder, Jo-\\nseph Ernst, John Michel Rieser, Thomas Pichler, John Spiel-\\nBIEGLER.\\nAbercorn, sixteen miles from Savannah, was a noted place in the\\nearly settlement of Georgia. No memorial of its former condition\\ncan now be seen.\\nA history of this ancient county would furnish material for a large\\nvolume. Our thanks are due to the Rev. P. A. Strobel, of Americus,\\nGeorgia, for the following items in relation to the settlement of\\nEbenezer\\nPersecution first brought, the Salzburgers to America. As soon as the object\\nof the Trustees was made known, the Society for the Propagation of Christian\\nKnowledge began to interest itself for the removal of some of the Salzburgers to\\nGeorgia and as early as the 12th of October, 1732, they applied to the Trustees\\nto aid them in their benevolent designs. The Trustees did not feel authorized at\\nthis time to do more for the Salzburgers than to offer them grants of land in their\\nnew colony. Steps were, however, immediately taken to ascertain whether any\\nof the German Protestants were willing to remove to Georgia, and become British\\nsubjects, submitting themselves to such rules as the Trustees might prescribe.\\nThe Society for the Propagation of Christian Knowledge opened a correspondence\\nwith several Protestant ministers in different parts of Germany, in order to as-\\ncertain if the Salzburgers were disposed to avail themselves of their kind offices.\\nFrom their correspondents, the Society learned that there were hundreds of the\\npersecuted Protestants, who were not only willing, but anxious to emigrate. This\\nfact was communicated to the Trustees, who, warranted by a special fund re-\\ncently raised for this purpose, sent in December, 1732, an invitation to fifty fami-\\nlies of the Salzburgers, to remove to Georgia. At the same time, the venerable\\nSociety proposed to pay their expenses from Germany to Rotterdam, and to fur-\\nnish the means to support amongst them a pastor and a catechist. Various causes\\nprevented the immediate execution of these plans. But they finally wrote again\\nto Germany, and requested that a portion of the Salzburgers might be sent over\\nto England to prepare for their transportation to America; and in the meantime,\\nmoney and articles of clothing were furnished. To such as were deemed worthy\\nof their patronage, the Trustees advanced the funds necessary to pay their pas-\\nsage and stores. On arriving in Georgia, each Salzburger was to receive three\\nlots, one for a house and yard, within the town, one for a garden near the town,\\nand one for tillage, at a short distance from the town, (the whole embracing fifty\\nacres;) said lands to be a freehold to them and to their heirs forever. In addi-\\ntion to this, the Trustees engaged to furnish them with provisions until their lands\\ncould be made available for their own support. In consideration of these grants,\\nthe Salzburgers were to obligate themselves to obey the Trustees orders, and\\nbecome citizens of Georgia, with all the rights and privileges of Englishmen.\\nThe necessary arrangements having all been completed, the company of emi-\\ngrants began to prepare for their journey. These were from the town of Berch-\\ntolsgaden and its vicinity. Setting out on foot from their homes, the direction of\\ntheir journey required them to pass through Bavaria; and at almost every step", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0481.jp2"}, "478": {"fulltext": "428\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nthey were exposed to insult. At length they arrived before the gates of the\\nfree city of Augsburg, in Svvabia. Here they were at first repulsed but at\\nlength they were reluctantly permitted to enter the city. The news of their\\narrival at Augsburg soon spread through the neighbouring countries, and all\\nclasses vied with each other in doing honour to those who, in obeying the dictates\\nof conscience, had preferred banishment rather than renounce their attachment\\nto the Gospel. On the 21st of October, 1733, the Salzburgers recommenced their\\npilgrimage. This company consisted of forty-two men with their families, num-\\nbering in all seventy-eight persons. The arrangements for their transportation\\nto Georgia had been previously made with the Trustees by the venerable Samuel\\nUrlsperger, then pastor of the Lutheran Church of St. Ann, in the city of Augs-\\nburg, who bestowed special attention upon them during their sojourn, and ever\\nafterwards watched over their welfare with the solicitude of an affectionate father.\\nPursuing their pilgrimage, they arrived at the Protestant city of Frankfort, in\\nNassau, where they were welcomed and hospitably entertained. After remaining\\nhere a short time they set out for Rotterdam, at which city they arrived on the\\n27th of November. Here they were joined by their teacher, the Rev. John\\nMartin Bolzius, and their catechist, Rev. Israel Christian Gronau.\\nREV. JOHN MARTIN BOLZIUS.\\nThese pious men had consented to relinquish the lucrative and honourable\\npositions which they held in the Orphan House at Halle, that they might accom-\\npany the Salzburgers to Georgia. After staying a week at Rotterdam, the emi-\\ngrants embarked on board one of the Trustees ships, on the 2d of December;\\nand on the 21st day of the same month they arrived safely at Dover, in England.\\nHere they were visited by the Trustees, who bestowed upon them every attention\\nin their power. The arrangements for their voyage to America having been\\nmade, the emigrants embarked on board the Purysburg, on the 28th of Decem-\\nber, destined for America. After a perilous voyage of one hundred and four", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0482.jp2"}, "479": {"fulltext": "EFFINGHAM COUNTY. 429\\ndays, they reached Charleston, S. C, in March, 1734. Here they met General\\nOglethorpe, who carne with these exiles to Georgia to aid them in making an\\nadvantageous settlement.\\nOn the 9th of March the Salzburgers left Charleston, and on the 11th day they\\nentered the Savannah River. On the 12th they reached Savannah, and met\\nwith a cordial reception. General Oglethorpe informed Baron Von Reck, who\\nconducted this expedition, that his people might exercise their own choice in\\nregard to their location. They expressed a desire to be removed to some dis-\\ntance from the sea, where the scenery was diversified with hill and dale, and\\nthey might be supplied with springs of water. To carry out their view, General\\nOglethorpe, in company with several gentlemen and some Indians, made a tour\\nof observation into that part of the country now known as the County of Effing-\\nham. They penetrated about thirty miles into the interior, where they discovered\\na place which it was supposed would meet the wishes of the emigrants. The\\nplace was described as being on the banks of a river of clear water, the sides\\nhigh; the country of the neighbourhood hilly; with valleys of rich cane, inter-\\nmixed with little brooks and springs of water.\\nWith the selection and general appearance of the country, the Salzburgers ex-\\npressed themselves highly gratified. After singing a psalm, they set up a rock\\nwhich they found upon the spot, and named the place Eben-ezer, (the stone of\\nhelp,) for they could say truly, Hitherto hath the Lord helped us. The lands\\nallotted to the Salzburgers bordered on the possessions of the Uchee Indians, from\\nwhom General Oglethorpe obtained them some time previously. It is worthy of\\nremark that these Indians were near neighbours to the Germans, and that the\\nmost friendly relations always subsisted between them. The site for a settlement\\nhaving been agreed upon, General Oglethorpe marked out the town, and sent\\nup workmen to assist the colonists in clearing lands and erecting temporary\\ndwellings, which consisted of tents and sheds constructed from rough planks. In\\na few weeks, the preparation for the accommodation of the settlers being in a\\nsuitable state of forwardness, the whole body of the Germans, in company with\\ntheir pastors, went from Savannah to their new home at Eben-ezer.\\nFrom the journal of Baron Von Reck we extract the following: The lands\\nare inclosed between two rivers, which fall into the Savannah. The town is to\\nbe built near the largest, which is called Eben-ezer, in remembrance that God\\nhad brought them hither. It is navigable, being twelve feet deep. A little\\nrivulet, whose water is clear as crystal, glides by the town. Another runs through\\nit; and both fall into the Eben-ezer. The woods here are not so thick as in other\\nplaces. The sweet zephyrs preserve a delicious coolness, notwithstanding the\\nscorching beams of the sun. There are very fine meadows, in which a great\\nquantity of hay might be made with very little trouble. The hill-sides are also\\nvery fit for vines. The cedar, walnut, cypress, and oak make the greatest part\\nof the woods. There are likewise a great quantity of myrtle trees, out of which\\nthey extract, by boiling the berries, a green wax very proper to make candles\\nwith. There is much sassafras, and a great quantity of those herbs of which in-\\ndigo is made and an abundance of china-root. The earth is so fertile that it\\nwill bring forth anything that can be sown or planted, whether fruits, herbs, or\\ntrees. There are wild vines which run up to the tops of the tallest trees and", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0483.jp2"}, "480": {"fulltext": "430 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nthe country is so good that one may ride in full gallop twenty or thirty miles. As\\nto game, here are eagles, wild turkeys, c.\\nTo one living at this distant period who has any knowledge of Old Eben-ezer and\\nthe general character of the surrounding country, the above description appears to\\npartake somewhat of the marvellous. We must either make considerable allow-\\nances for the warmth of the writers imagination, or conclude that the country has\\nundergone a very great change. The site of their town was about four miles below\\nSpringfield, in a region which is composed of hills and plains that are very sterile,\\nami upon which no one having any correct knowledge of the character of the soil\\nwould ever think of settling a farm. But circumstanced as the Salzburgers were,\\nexiled from their country, and worn out by fatigue in travelling both by sea and\\nland, they, no doubt, were inclined to regard with favour any spot which pro-\\nmised them rest from their toils, and a period to their cruel sufferings. Upon\\nthe arrival of the Salzburgers at their home, it was deemed proper to assign a lot\\nof land to each family. This having been done, arrangements were made for the\\nerection of more permanent and comfortable dwellings upon it. Captain Hernis-\\ndorff succeeded in raising a small company of volunteers, and they offered their\\nservices to General Oglethorpe, and requested that they might be put upon any\\nservice that he deemed necessary. This company was accordingly ordered to\\nFrederica, to aid in the defence of that place against the Spaniards. It became\\nthe nucleus for a Lutheran congregation, which was organized in 1743, under the\\ncare of the Rev. UlrickDriesler, a German missionary, sent over by the Trustees,\\nand supported by their funds. The rest of the Salzburgers immediately repaired\\nto Eben-ezer, where they were received with great kindness.\\nAbout this time Messrs. Bolzius and Gronau visited Savannah to confer with\\nGeneral Oglethorpe in reference to the propriety of changing the location of their\\ntown. They stated to the General that there was great dissatisfaction among\\nthe people, which induced him immediately to set out for Eben-ezer. The\\nsettlers informed him that they were disappointed in the character of the soil\\nthat the climate had proved unhealthy that the stream upon which their town\\nstood could not be navigated to any advantage. Here it may be proper to re-\\nmark, that the water-course upon which the Salzburgers were originally settled\\nwas not properly a river, but a creek, which at times is swollen to a considerable\\nsize, and there are not perhaps many streams in Georgia which are so serpentine\\nin their course. Some idea may be formed of it, when it is stated that although\\nthe distance from Old Eben-ezer to the Savannah River by land does not exceed\\nsix miles, the distance by the course of the creek is not less than twenty-five\\nmiles. General Oglethorpe listened patiently to their representations, but in-\\nformed them that, although he was satisfied that there were embarrassments con-\\nnected with their situation, yet he was convinced from his acquaintance with\\nthe nature of the country to which they desired to remove, that as soon as the\\nforest should be cleared, and the lands brought under cultivation, they would be\\nagain subject to the diseases peculiar to the climate, and would be forced to\\nleave the neighbourhood. Still, if they persisted in their wishes, he should not\\noppose them. But the settlers could not be induced to give up the idea of re-\\nmoving. The site selected for the new town was on a high ridge within a short\\ndistance of the river, and which, from the peculiar colour of the soil, was called", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0484.jp2"}, "481": {"fulltext": "EFFINGHAM COUNTY. 431\\nEed Bluff. The new town was laid off after the plan of the city of Savannah,\\nand covered an area of a quarter of a mile square. This space was divided into\\nsmaller squares, each containing ten building lots, and these latter numbered one\\nhundred and sixty. Three wide streets passed through the town from east to\\nwest, which were intersected at right angles by four others running from north\\nto south; besides which, there were a number of narrow lanes, but these ex-\\ntended only in one direction, from north to south. Four squares were appro-\\npriated for the sale of produce, and called market-places, and four were reserved\\nas public parks or promenade grounds. Two-thirds of a square were appropriated\\nto the church, parsonage, and academy, and an equal quantity to the Orphan\\nAsylum and the public storehouse. On the east, a short distance from the town,\\nwas the cemetery. On the north and east was a large pasture for cattle; and on\\nthe south was one for sheep and goats. On the north and south, garden lots\\nwere laid out and still farther south, beyond Little Creek and Mill Creek, and\\nupon their waters, the farms were located, each farm consisting of fifty acres.\\nThe country to the north beyond Eben-ezer Creek was occupied by the TJchee\\nIndians. In the course of a few years, Eben-ezer began to give evidences of its\\nfuture growth and prosperity. Houses were again erected, gardens and farms\\nwere inclosed, and brought under cultivation. No church was erected here for\\nseveral years whether it was for want of funds, we are unable to say. The\\nOrphan Asylum was for a long time used as the place of worship.\\nAs a religious communit}*-, the Salzburgers may be properly viewed as a mis-\\nsionary station, under the fostering care of the English Society for the Propaga-\\ntion of Christian Knowledge, and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Germany.\\nIt was required of the pastor and each member of the congregation to subscribe\\nto the Augsburg Confession, and to submit to a code of regulations drawn up by\\nthe Rev. Samuel Urlsperger, of Augsburg, Rev. Frederick M. Zeigenhagen, of\\nLondon, and Rev. Gottluff Augustus Franke, of Halle. These regulations were\\nprepared in 1733, and continued in force, with some few alterations, which were\\nmade principally by Dr. Muhlenburgh, until 1843. The immediate superin-\\ntendence of the settlement was assigned to the Rev. John Martin Bolzius and his\\ncolleague, Mr. Gondan.\\nThe church in Germany kept up its ecclesiastical connection with the church\\nat Eben-ezer, and continued to send it donations, which from time to time\\namounted to 12,000 guilders.\\nIn the establishment of this colony, the cause of education was not overlooked;\\nfor, in every instance in which a pastor was sent over, a schoolmaster accom-\\npanied him, and a plan was adopted for a house of worship. In building their\\nhouses, they were much hindered by the scarcify of materials. Among them\\nthere were few mechanics, and not being able to erect either saw-mills or grist-\\nmills, their situation became very trying. In a newly-settled country, too, the\\nmeans of transportation were very limited, and having no boat of their own, they\\nwere entirely dependent upon the Government for the conveyance of their sup-\\nplies and such were the straits to which they were at times reduced, that they\\nwere compelled to carry their provisions upon their backs from Savannah, a dis-\\ntance of twenty -five miles. To add to their sufferings, much sickness prevailed;\\nbut, amidst all their distresses, the emigrants exhibited patience and fortitude.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0485.jp2"}, "482": {"fulltext": "432 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nSuch was the state of things when a second party of emigrants arrived.\\nThese were likewise Salzburgers, who had been sent over by the Trustees in\\nthe ship Prince of Wales, which left England in November, 1734, and arrived\\nin Georgia the early part of the next year, which consisted of fifty-seven per-\\nsons. This expedition was conducted by Mr. Yat. On reaching Savannah,\\nthey immediately set out to join their brethren at their new town. They were\\nkindly received, and provision made for them, as far as the means of the colonists\\nwould warrant. It was with difficult) however, that they could be furnished\\nwith lodgings and the stock of food was not very abundant. Nevertheless, by\\nthis accession to their numbers, the Salzburgers were greatly benefited; for\\namongst the new-comers were many mechanics, whose labours were of essential\\nservice. By their aid, planks were soon sawed, timber was hewed, boards and\\nshingles split, and the good people went cheerfully to work to improve their\\ndwellings. As to the church, they were compelled as yet to worship in a large\\ntent, which, during a part of the time, had been the residence of their minister.\\nWhen General Oglethorpe visited Europe in 1734, he made such representa-\\ntions of the prospects of the colony, as induced the Trustees to resolve upon\\nstrengthening it by sending out new settlers. The Trustees invited one hundred\\nGermans from the city of Ratisbon to remove to Georgia, and settle under their\\npatronage. They engaged to give them a free passage, with an ample supply of\\nsea-stores, and a freehold of fifty acres of land to every settler, together with\\nsuch an outfit of clothes, tools, and farming utensils, as might be deemed neces-\\nsary. To these proposals the Salzburgers consented, and about eighty of them,\\nunder the conduct of Captain Hernisdorff and Baron Von Beck, repaired to\\nEngland to avail themselves of the liberality of the Trustees. A sufficient num-\\nber of emigrants having been secured, the Trustees chartered two ships, the\\nSymond, of two hundred tons. Captain Joseph Cornish, and the London Mer-\\nchant, of the same burden, Capfciin John Thomas; the whole number consisted\\nof 227 heads. This was called the great embarkation. Among the passengers\\nwere twenty-seven Moravians, under the care of their Bishop, the Rev. David\\nNitsehman, and Messrs. John and Charles Wesley. The embarkation reached\\nGeorgia early in the month of February, 1736. Shortly afterwards, they were\\nrequired to take up arms in defence of the colony; but refusing to do so, they\\nwere obliged to leave, and sought an asylum in the peaceable domain of William\\nPenn.*\\nWe regret to inform the reader that a portion of the valuable paper furnished us\\nby Mr. Strobel was unfortunately mislaid by the compiler, which will account for its\\nabrupt termination.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0486.jp2"}, "483": {"fulltext": "EFFINGHAM COUNTY. 433\\nAN EXTRACT OF THE JOURNALS\\nOf Mr. Commissary Von Reck, who conducted the First Transport of Salz-\\nburgers to Georgia and of the Rev. Mr. Bolzius, one of their Ministers,\\ngiving an Account of their Voyage to, and happy settlement in, that Pro-\\nvince. Published by the direction of the Society for Promoting Christian\\nKnowledge. London: MDCCXXXIV.\\nEXTRACTS OF MR. VON RECx s JOURNAL FROM DOVER TO EBENEZER.\\nJanuary 8, O. S., 1733-4. Having a favourable wind, we left Dover, and again\\nset sail. An universal Joy appeared amongst the Salzburgers, who praised God\\nthat he had heard their Prayers.\\nJan. 9. We discovered at Noon the Isle of Wight.\\nJan. 10, 11. At eleven in the morning, having happily passed through the\\nChannel, we left the Land s End. Thus God was pleased to rejoice us and give\\nns Hopes, that, through the continuance of His Mercy, the rest of our Voyage\\nwould be no less prosperous. May the Lord be pleased always to assist us. To-\\nwards night the wind increased so much, that it broke the Stay which held the\\nmain-topmast; and we had been exposed to great Danger, if Divine Providence\\nhad not averted it.\\nJan. 24. The Weather was line and pleasant. According to our Reckoning,\\nwe passed the Latitude of the Canary Islands, and through the adorable Mercy of\\nthe Almighty, approached the Trade-winds, which are reckoned to blow all the\\nyear from the Eastward.\\nJan. 25. We sung Te Deum, and praised the Almighty with our lips and\\nhearts.\\nJan. 26. God was pleased to give us very fair Weather, with the continuation\\nof the Trade-wind.\\nJan. 28. An alarm of fire caused a great consternation in the whole ship, but\\nno ill accident ensued.\\nJan. 30. This day we felt a great deal of heat and for refreshment washed\\nbetween the decks, where the people lay, with vinegar.\\nFeb. 6. At night a tempestuous wind arose, but God in his goodness held his\\nAlmighty hand over us, and was pleased the next day to give us a good wind,\\nwhich advanced us five or six miles an hour.\\nFeb. 17. We had this evening at Prayers, Psal. L. 14, Offer unto God thanks-\\ngiving, and pay thy vows unto the Most Highest.\\nFeb. 18. At two in the afternoon, the wind was strong at S., and soon after it\\nproved contrary, and extremely violent. I was surprised to see the sea rise so\\nhigh a tempest darkened the sky the waves swelled and foamed and every-\\nthing threatened to overwhelm us in the deep. All the sails were furled the\\nviolence of the wind was so great that it tore the main-sail to pieces. Besides\\nwhich, the mate cried out that the water rose fast in the hold but though he\\nspoke truth, the ship received no damage.\\nFeb 27- Last night we had the wind contrary, W. S. W., but God granted us\\nsweet repose, and renewed our strength, the better to undergo a tempest whicb\\n28", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0487.jp2"}, "484": {"fulltext": "434 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\na wind at W. by S. brought upon us by break of day. The storm was more\\ndreadful than the other. At night the wind abated.\\nMarch 4. We sounded this morning at six, and drew up some sand and soil of\\nCarolina. The Captain told me we were ten leagues distant from the shore.\\nMarch 5. A S. S. W. arose, which carried us, through the mercy of Jesus\\nChrist, within sight of Carolina. We sung Te Deum, which was the psalm for\\nthe day.\\nMarch 7. At nine there came from Charlestown a pilot on board our ship.\\nWe immediately cast anchor, and at ten the Captain, the Rev. divines and I, went\\ninto the pilot s boat. At one in the afternoon, we came to Charlestown, where I\\nimmediately waited on his Excellency, Robert Johnson, Esq., and Mr. Ogle-\\nthorpe. They were glad to hear that the Salzburgers were come within six\\nleagues, all safe and in good health, without the loss of any one person. Mr.\\nOglethorpe showed me a plan of Georgia, and gave me liberty to choose a set-\\ntlement for the Salzburgers, either near the sea or further in the Continent. I\\naccordingly accepted his favour, and chose a place 21 miles from the town of\\nSavannah, and 30 miles from the sea. where there are rivers, little Hills, clear\\nbrooks, cool springs, a fertile soil, and plenty of grass. Mr. Oglethorpe sent on\\nboard our ship, by the Pilot s Sloop, a large quantity of fresh beef, two butts of\\nWine, two Tunn of Spring Water, Cabbage, Turnips, Radishes, Fruit, c, as a\\npresent from the Trustees, to refresh the Salzburgers.\\nMarch 9. We beg d of God that he would permit us to go to our Georgia.\\nWe went away this morning at ten, and got on board our ship at two in the af-\\nternoon.\\nMarch 10. God blessed us this day with the sight of our country, our wished-\\nfor Georgia, which we saw at ten in the morning and brought us unto the Sa-\\nvannah River, and caused us to remember the vows we had made unto him, if\\nhe did, through his infinite Goodness, bring us hither. We were to-day very\\nmuch edified with the 32d Chapter of Genesis, and the 26th of Leviticus. At\\nnoon we cast anchor, because of the Tide; at night, during the Evening Prayers,\\nwe entered the river of Savannah.\\nMarch 12. The magistrates of the town sent on board our ship an experienced\\nPilot; and we were carried up to the town of Savannah by eleven in the Fore-\\nnoon. They returned our salute of five guns, with three and all the Magis-\\ntrates, the citizens and the Indians, were come to the River side. The two Di-\\nvines Mr. Dunbar, some others and myself, went ashore in a boat. We were\\nreceived with all possible demonstrations of Joy, Friendship, and civility. The\\nIndians reached their hands to me, as a testimony of their joy also for our arri-\\nval. The Salzburgers came on shore after us, and we immediately pitched a\\ntent for them in the Square of the Town.\\nMarch 13. I went to see the Indians, and their King, Tomo-cha-chi. I caused\\nsome raisins, of which they are very fond, to be distributed amongst them.\\nMarch 14. Mr. Oglethorpe had given orders for three horses to be ready for\\nmy service, to take a view of the country, and to ride to the place where the\\nSalzburgers were to settle. I went this morning at nine of the clock, with a Con-\\nstable and a Guide but after we had gone a mile or two, we entered some thick\\nwoods, divided by deep brooks of water, and though we could with great difficul-", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0488.jp2"}, "485": {"fulltext": "EFFINGHAM COUNTY. 435\\nty pass over some, yet there were others we could not pass wherefore we re-\\nturned back to the town.\\nMr. Oglethorpe, and Mr. Jenys, Speaker of the Assembly of Carolina, arrived\\nat Savannah from Charlestown the first having, out of iove to our Salzburgers,\\nput off his Journey to England, being resolved to see them settled before he went.\\nHaving informed him that the Floods had made it impossible for me to pass the\\nwoods by land, he said he would go himself, to show me the country and see what\\nplace I would choose. The Speaker desired to accompany him; and I did my-\\nself the honour to make one of the company. He sent to the Indian King to de-\\nsire two Indians to hunt for him in the Journey who not only granted them, but\\nhis chief War Captain, Tuskeneoi, out of civility to Mr. Oglethorpe, came along\\nwith them to accompany us. We went on board a ten-oared boat to the place\\nwhere a house was building by Mr. Musgrove, six milel up the Savannah River.\\nMarch 16. Having slept well in a tent, which we pitched under the shade of\\na tree by the river side, last night, I accompanied Mr. Oglethorpe on horseback,\\nand the Speaker and others went by water. If you ask how a country that is\\ncovered with wood, and cut with rivers and morasses, is passable, I must acquaint\\nyou that since the Colony was settled, the ways were marked by barking off the\\ntrees, to show where the roads should go, and where the rivers were passable.\\nAfter passing through a morass covered with canes, we came to an unfordable\\nriver, through which the Indians swam our horses, and we crossed over upon a\\ngreat tree, cut down for that purpose. The tree was cut down so as to lie across\\nthe river and serve for a bridge. And after riding some leagues in the woods,\\nwe passed another river. Night overtaking us, we were obliged to take up our\\nquarters upon a little hill, round a fire with the Indians, who brought us a wild\\nturkey for our supper.\\nMarch 17. We continued our Journey, and set out by break of day; and\\nat nine arrived at the place where the Salzburgers were afterwards settled.\\nFrom hence I returned to the town of Savannah, through Abercorn, a village\\nnewly settled by order of the Trustees, upon the Savannah River, near where\\nEbenezer falls into it.\\nMarch 27. Mr. Jones, who is a surveyor, and I went away this night in a small\\nboat for Abercorn, in order to go from thence to seek and clear the River Eben-\\nezer.\\nMarch 30. Towards night we came out of the river, which fell into the Savan-\\nnah eight miles above Purysburg so our design was frustrated, by missing the\\nRiver Ebenezer, and we returned the same night to Abercorn, where we stayed.\\nMarch 31. We arrived this afternoon at Savannah.\\nApril 1. We put on board a sloop provision for three months, with necessary\\ntools, and the baggage of the Salzburgers.\\nApril 2. We all went on board the little sloop, but found it was too much\\nloaden; wherefore I went with only a few of the men, and was obliged to leave\\nthe rest in the town.\\nApril 3. We came to the village of Abercorn at four in the afternoon from\\nhence we were forced to carry our provisions and baggage to Ebenezer by land.\\nAprils. I stayed at Ebenezer; and could not but commend the diligence\\nand industry of the nine Salzburgers who were come before, and whose labour", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0489.jp2"}, "486": {"fulltext": "436 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nGod had given a blessing to. They had erected two good tents made of the\\nbarks of trees, one of which was forty feet long and had cut down abundance of\\ntrees, in order to breathe a free air; and besides all that, they were obliged in\\nthe greatest heats, almost every day, to walk to Abercorn, which is twelve miles,\\nand to carry their utensils and daily provision upon their backs.\\nApril 5. I returned to wait the arrival of the other Salzburgers, who were to\\nfollow us immediately.\\nApril 7. The rest of the Salzburgers arrived.\\nApril 9. We began to make a bridge over a brook, and finished it.\\nApril 12. Good Friday. God was pleased to take to himself the soul of one\\nof our people, called Lackner.\\nApril 16. Our Salzburgers continued to work upon the road.\\nApril 19. This day trfe Salzburgers finished the way for carriages.\\nWe found before my tent a strong white horse and as we wanted horses, and\\nknew not from whence he came nor to whom he belonged, we received him with\\nthankfulness to God.\\nApril 22. We found another horse in the woods to-day, which proved very\\nfit for our service. Parrots and Partridges make us here a very good dish.\\nApril 24. The inhabitants of Edistow having given thirty Cows for the use of\\nthe Colony of Georgia, Mr. Oglethorpe ordered them to be sent up to the Salz-\\nburgers.\\nApril 29. I went this day from Abercorn, in order to take my leave of Eben-\\nezer. and to build a Chapel.\\nMay 12. The Chapel was quite finished, and we could worship our God in it.\\nMay 13. I took my leave, and left some rules for their direction.\\nEXTRACT OF THE REV. MR. BOLZIVS JOURNAL, FROM THEIR ARRIVAL IN CAROLINA.\\nMarch 7, Thursday. Though the wind is fair, the ship will not go into\\nCharlestown harbour, but lie at anchor till we get a Pilot to carry us to Georgia.\\nSunday, March 10. Blessed be the Lord that he has brought us within the\\nbounds of Georgia upon the Sunday Reminiscere; the Gospel of which day tells\\nus that our blessed Saviour came to the borders of the heathen, after he had been\\npersecuted in his own country.\\nSavannah, Tuesday. March 12. At the place of our Landing almost all the in-\\nhabitants of the town of Savannah were gathered together they fired off some\\nCannons and cried Huzzah which was answered by our sailors and other English\\npeople in our ship, in the same manner. A good dinner was prepared for us.\\nWe, the Commissary, and Mr. Zwefler, the physician, were lodged in the house\\nof the Rev. Mr. Quincy, the English Minister here.\\nMarch 14. Last night we prayed onshore for the first time in the English\\nChapel, made of boards, and used for divine worship till a church can be built;\\nthe use of which is allowed us during our stay here. The inhabitants join with\\nus, and show much devotion. The Jews, likewise, of which there are twelve\\nfamilies here, come to church, and seemed to be very devout.\\nMarch 15. This day, Mr. Oglethorpe arrived here, and received our Salz-\\nburgers and us in a friendly manner, and we dined with him. He being very", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0490.jp2"}, "487": {"fulltext": "EFFINGHAM COUNTY. 437\\nsolicitous that these poor Indians should be brought to the knowledge of God,\\nhas desired us to learn their language, and we. with the blessing of God, will joy-\\nfully undertake the task.\\nTuesday, March 26. It is a great pleasure to us that Mr. Oglethorpe approved\\nof our calling the river, and the place where our houses are to be built, Eben-\\nezer.\\nApril 13. Lackner having been very long sick, died last night. He was to\\nhave had a coffin made for him, but the Salzburgers thought it unnecessary, be\\ning accustomed to bury no body in a coffin, but women that die in childbed.\\nSo they dressed the corpse, after it was washed, in his own clothes, laid him upon\\na board, and after he was brought to his grave, in an orderly procession, they\\nwrapped him up in a cloth, and let him down into the ground.\\nApril 16. The deceased, Lackner, hath left a little money, with which we\\nhave made a beginning of a box for the poor.\\nEbenezer, Tuesday, May 7. To-day I had the happiness of seeing Ebenezer.\\nThe good people are already much advanced in tilling the ground.\\nMay 9. A tabernacle is to be made of boards till a church can be built.\\nREVOLUTIONARY DOCUMENTS.\\nCopy of a Letter from Governor Wright to the Earl of Dartmouth, inclosing\\ncertain papers, \u00c2\u00a7x.\\nSavannah, in Georgia, 13th of October, 1774.\\nMy Lord, In my letter of the 24th of August, I mentioned that some protests\\nand dissents were preparing in different parts of the Province, which were not\\nthen completed. These were not sent to town until lately, and only published\\nin yesterday s paper, and which I now inclose. They have been wrote by the\\npeople themselves, just in their own way, as your Lordship will see by the style.\\nHowever, they certainly show that the sense of the people in this Province is\\nagainst any resolutions, and that those attempted by a few in Savannah, are held\\nin contempt, and just nothing at all, whilst the resolutions and conduct of our\\nneighbours in the other Northern colonies really make me shudder.\\n(Signed) James Wright.\\nTo the Earl of Dartmouth.\\nWednesday, Sept. 2\\\\st, 1774.\\nWe who have just put our names to this paper, inhabitants of the Parish of St.\\nMatthew, and Town of Ebenezer, think it necessary, in this public manner, to de-\\nclare, that about the 4th day of this instant, August, we were told by certain\\npersons, that we must send a petition home to our King, in regard to the Bosto-\\nnians, to beg for relief, as a child begs a father, when he expects correction,\\nand that all those who would not join must sign their name, that they might\\nknow how many would be in this parish, and that should we decline what was re-\\ncommended, we must expect the Stamp Act imposed upon us. By these and\\nlike nattering words, we were persuaded to sign, but we find we are deceived,\\nfor, that the people who met at Savannah, on the 10th inst, did not petition our", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0491.jp2"}, "488": {"fulltext": "438 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nKing, but made up a paper, which we think is very wrong, and may incur the\\ndispleasure of his Majesty, so as to prevent us from having soldiers to help us in\\ncase of an Indian war. We, therefore, disagree entirely to the said paper, and\\ndo hereby protest against any resolutions that are, or hereafter may be, entered\\ninto on this occasion.\\nSigned by the following persons Urban Buntz, George Gnann, Jaher Hang-\\nletter, John Paulus, George Gruber, Matthew Beidenback, George Ballinger,\\nJohn Oexlin Rentz, George Buntz, John Pillager, Henry Ludwig Buntz, Jacob\\nMetzger, John Metzger, John Adam Fryermouth, John Feberl, George Zettauer,\\nJohn Heckel, Solomon Zondt, Jacob Guann, Jacob Keiffer, Christian Steiner,\\nJohn Remshart, Israel Luineberger, Leonhart Kraus, George Bechley, Batlas\\nKeiffer, Michael Mack, Jr., Peter Fryermouth, Solomon Prothero, John Grasen-\\ntine, Christopher Rattenberger, Andrew Guann.\\nWe, the subscribers, do hereby certify that we are against resolutions, this 2d\\nof Sept., 1774.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Philip Dell, Paul Pinck, Mathew Meyer, Jacob Meyer, John\\nMaurer, George Maurer, Daniel Weitman, Martin Reylander.\\nThe inhabitants generally in this section, in the very beginning of\\nthe Revolution, took an active part in favour of the colonies. This\\nwas to be expected. They said, We have experienced the evils of\\ntyranny in our native country for the sake of Liberty we have left\\nhome, lands, houses, estates, and have taken refuge in the wilds of\\nGeorgia shall we now again submit to bondage No we will\\nnot.\\nThe Rev. John E. Bergman died at an advanced age. He was\\nborn in Germany, and served the congregation, at Ebenezer, for thirty-\\nsix years.\\nColonel Geo. G. Nowlan was one of the most estimable men in\\nGeorgia. He died at Milledgeville whilst discharging the duty of a\\nrepresentative from this county.\\nELBERT COUNTY.\\nLaid out from Wilkes in 1790. Length, 32 m, breadth, 16 m.\\narea square miles, 512.\\nThe Savannah and Broad Rivers are the chief streams, both of\\nwhich have several tributaries.\\nThe lands, although impoverished by bad cultivation, still continue\\nproductive.\\nElberton is the county town, situated on the waters of Falling\\nCreek, 90 miles N. N. E. of Milledgeville.\\nRuckersville is on Van s Creek.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0492.jp2"}, "489": {"fulltext": "ELBERT COUNTY. 439\\nPetersburg is at the junction of the Savannah and Broad rivers,\\nformerly a prosperous place, but now in a state of dilapidation.\\nThe instances of longevity in this county have been very nume-\\nrous. A few years ago there were living, Wm. Trammell, 83 Leo-\\nnard Rae, 81 John Daniel, 80 John Davis, 87 David Carter,\\n82 Thomas Maxwell, a minister, and Revolutionary soldier, 97\\nMrs. Jemima Hunt and Mrs. Wyche are still living, both over 90\\nyears of age.\\nAmong the first settlers were Dr. Bibb, Wm. Bowen, A. Brown,\\nwho, we understand, has a son now living, who has had twenty children,\\neighteen of whom were girls Wm. Barnett, Billy Allen, James\\nBell, P. M. Wyche, Joseph Dedwyler, Rev. Mr. White, Rev. D.\\nThornton, Thos. Maxwell, Richard Tyner, William Key, Wm.\\nGaines, John Watkins, J. Higginbotham, Col. Jack, Peter Oliver,\\nWm. Rucker, Mr. Highsmith, P. Duncan, Wm. Haley, Wm. Ward,\\nE. Shackelford, Wm. Woods, Mr. Lindsey, S. Heard, D. Oliver,\\nJ. Cason, Wm. Brown, L. Rice, Wm. Moss, E. Ragland, Wm.\\nTate, J. Howard, S. Nelson, Thos. Burton, Isham Thompson, Wm.\\nHodge, S. Wilson, T. A. Carter.\\nExtract from the last Census. 1,177 dwellings 1,177 families,\\n3,374 white males 3,302 white females 6 free coloured males 10\\nfree coloured females. Total free population, 6,692 slaves, 6,267.\\nDeaths, 143. Farms, 804 manufacturing establishments, 20.\\nThe first Superior Court w T as held at the house of T. A. Carter,\\n20th of January, 1791, Judge Walton presiding.\\n3fitBnllwnti0.\\nThere is a remarkable mound in this county, on the Savannah Riv ei,\\nthree miles above Petersburg. Bartram, the celebrated botanist,\\nvisited this mound, and thus describes it\\nThese wonderful labours of the ancients stand in a level plain, very near\\nthe bank of the river, some twenty or thirty yards from it. They consist of coni-\\ncal mounts of earth and four square terraces. The great mount is in the form of\\na cone, forty or fifty feet high, and the circumference of its base two or three\\nhundred yards, entirely composed of the loamy rich earth of the low grounds\\nthe top, or apex, is flat a spiral path, or track, leading from the ground up to\\nthe top, is still visible, where now grows a large, beautiful spreading red cedar.\\nThere appear four niches excavated out of the sides of this hill, at different heights\\nfrom the base, fronting the four cardinal points. These niches, or sentry-boxes,\\nare entered into from the winding path, and seem to have been meant for\\nresting-places or look-outs. The circumjacent level grounds are cleared, and\\nplanted with Indian corn at present; and I think the proprietor of these lands,\\nwho accompanied us to this place, said that the mount itself yielded above one\\nhundred bushels in one season.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0493.jp2"}, "490": {"fulltext": "440 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nThe citizens of this section of Georgia suffered much from the de-\\npredations of the Indians after the Revolutionary War. Stockade\\nforts were constructed in many of the settlements. The murderous\\ntomahawk spared neither men, women, nor children. The following\\naccount was furnished by persons well acquainted with the facts\\nIn 17 there lived upon the banks of Coody s Creek, in the flat woods, in\\nwhat is now called Elbert County, Mr. Richard Tyner, a poor, though respecta-\\nble man. During his absence one day, a party of savages attacked his house.\\nThey immediately killed Mrs. Tyner. They then seized the youngest child, and\\ndashed out its brains against a tree. Another child they scalped, and left it for\\ndead. A little boy, the son of Mr. Tyner, named Noah, amidst the confusion\\nescaped the notice of the Indians, and crept into a hollow tree, which for many\\nyears afterwards was known by the name of Noah s Ark. An elder son of Mr.\\nTyner fled to the Savannah River, and was pursued by some of the Indians, but he\\neffected his escape. Mary and Tamar. the daughters of Mr. Tyner, the Indians car-\\nried off to the Coweta towns. There they remained for several years, when an In-\\ndian trader named John Manack purchased Mary, who returned with him to the\\ncounty of Elbert, and became his wife. When he returned to the Indian nation\\nhe offered to purchase Tamar, but the Indians refused to sell her. The main\\nemployment of Tamar was to bring wood. Upon a certain occasion, an old In-\\ndian woman informed her that her captors, suspecting that she was trying to\\nescape, had resolved to burn her alive. The feelings of the poor girl can be\\nbetter imagined than described. She determined at all risks to escape. The\\nIndian woman supplied her with provisions and a canoe, accompanied with direc-\\ntions how to proceed down the Chattahoochee River. Bidding adieu to her bene-\\nfactress, Tamar launched her canoe, and commenced her perilous voyage.\\nDuring the day she secreted herself amidst the thick swamps of the river, and at\\nnight pursued her course. She finally reached Appalachicola Bay, embarked on\\nboard of a vessel, and arrived in Savannah. By the assistance of some of the\\ncitizens, she was enabled to reach her home in Elbert, where she afterwards mar-\\nried a Mr. Hunt. Many of her descendants are still living, who will vouch for\\nthe truth of this story.\\nThe following incident, related to the author by a reliable gentle-\\nman, is worthy of a place in the annals of Georgia\\nDuring one of the attacks of the Indians upon the inhabitants of this frontier\\ncounty, they succeeded in killing a number of persons. On one occasion they took\\nprisoner a small girl about twelve years of age. There was living in the county\\nat the time a man by the name of William Suttle, a gunsmith by trade, who,\\nupon hearing that the savages had gone off with the little girl, determined to\\npursue them, rescue the captive, or die in the attempt. Providing himself\\nwith an excellent gun, he started on his generous mission and after a short\\ntime, in the middle of the night, came in sight of the party, who were seated\\naround a fire, and noticed the little girl sitting upon the lap of a brawny Indian,\\nwho appeared to be much delighted with his prisoner. After a while, the Indian\\nrose, and standing very erect, appeared to be making gestures, when Suttle, who", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0494.jp2"}, "491": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0495.jp2"}, "492": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0496.jp2"}, "493": {"fulltext": "ELBERT COUNTY. 441\\nhad been watching a favourable opportunity, fired his gun, and shot the Indian\\nthrough the heart. In the midst of the alarm consequent upon this sudden at-\\ntack, the little girl made her way in the direction where she supposed the gun\\nwas fired, was received by Suttle, and carried behind him on horseback to her\\nfriends.\\nHISTORY OF NANCY HART.\\nOne among the most remarkable women that any country has ever\\nproduced resided in Elbert. We give our readers various particulars\\nconcerning her, derived from conversations which we have had with\\npersons who were acquainted with her, and from notes kindly fur-\\nnished by the Rev. Mr. Snead, of Baldwin County, Georgia, a connec-\\ntion of the Hart family. We are also under obligations to the Hon.\\nThomas Hart Benton, to whom we addressed a letter asking for infor-\\nmation in regard to the relationship existing between the family of\\nthe Harts and himself, who promptly favoured us with all that we\\ndesired.\\nNancy Hart s maiden name was Morgan. She was married to\\nBenjamin Hart, and soon afterwards came to Georgia. Her husband\\nwas brother of the celebrated Colonel Thomas Hart, of Kentucky,\\nwho married a Miss Gray, of Orange County, North Carolina. This\\ngentleman was the father of the wife of the Hon. Henry Clay, and\\nmaternal uncle of the Hon. Thomas Hart Benton. The family of Mr.\\nSnead removing to Georgia, in consequence of the relationship be-\\ntween them and the Harts, Aunt Nancy, as she was usually call-\\ned, came to see them. Mr. Snead says he well remembers her\\nappearance, and many anecdotes related of her. He describes her\\npretty much as she is made to appear in the Yorkville sketch below,\\nbut says she was positively not cross-eyed. He represents her as\\nbeing about six feet high, very muscular, and erect in her gait her\\nhair light brown, slightly sprinkled with gray when he last saw her,\\nbeing at that time about sixty years of age. From long indulgence\\nin violent passion, her countenance was liable, from trivial causes, to\\nsudden changes. In dwelling upon the hardships of the Revolution,\\nthe perfidy of the Tories, and her frequent adventures with them, she\\nnever failed to become much excited.\\nAmong the anecdotes remembered by Mr. Snead is the following\\nOn one evening, she was at home with her children, sitting round\\nthe log fire, with a large pot of soap boiling over the fire. Nancy\\nwas busy stirring the soap and entertaining her family with the\\nlatest news of the war.\\nThe houses in those days were all built of logs, as well as the\\nchimneys. While they were thus employed, one of the family dis-\\ncovered some one from the outside peeping through the crevices of\\nthe chimney, and gave a silent intimation of it to Nancy. She rattled\\naway with more and more spirit, now giving exaggerated accounts of\\nthe discomfiture of the Tories, and again stirring the boiling soap, and\\nwatching the place indicated for a reappearance of the spy. Sud-", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0497.jp2"}, "494": {"fulltext": "442 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\ndenly, with the quickness of lightning, she clashed the ladle of boiling\\nsoap through the crevice full in the face of the eavesdropper, who,\\ntaken by surprise, and blinded by the hot soap, screamed and roared\\nat a tremendous rate, whilst the indomitable Nancy went out, amused\\nherself at his expense, and, with gibes and taunts, bound him fast as\\nher prisoner.\\nSoon after the close of the Revolution, she removed with her family\\nto Georgia, and settled at Brunswick, then a frontier place. She was\\nthe mother of six sons, Morgan, John, Ben, Thomas, Mark, Lemuel,\\nand two daughters, Sally and Reziah. Her eldest daughter, Sally,\\nmarried a man by the name of Thompson, who partook largely of\\nthe qualities of Mrs. Hart. Sally and her husband followed Mrs.\\nHart to Georgia several years afterwards. Upon their journey, a\\nmost unfortunate affair occurred. In passing through Burke Coun-\\nty, they camped for the night on the roadside. Next morning, a\\nwhite man who was employed as a wagoner, on being ordered by\\nThompson, in a peremptory manner, to do some particular thing, re-\\nturned rather an insolent answ T er, and refused. Thompson, enraged,\\nseized a sword, and w r ith a single blow severed his head from his\\nbody. He then with apparent unconcern mounted the team, and\\ndrove on himself until he came to the first house, where he stopped\\nand told the inmates he had just cut a fellow s head off at the camp,\\nand they had best go down and bury him He then drove on, but\\nwas pursued and taken back to Waynesborough, and confined in jail.\\nThis brought the heroic Nancy to the up-country again. She went\\nto Waynesborough several times, and in a few days after her appear-\\nance thereabouts, Thompson s prison was one morning found open,\\nand he gone\\nMrs. Hart, speaking of the occurrence, said rather exultingly,\\nThat s the way with them all. Drat em, when they get into trou\\nble, they always send for me\\nNot long after their removal, Nancy lost her husband. But after\\npaying suitable respect to his memory, she consoled herself, like most\\nother good wives who have the luck, by marrying a young man, with\\nwhom she lifted up her stakes, and, in the language of the annexed\\nsketch, set out among the earliest pioneers for the wilds of the\\nWest.\\nThe following sketch of this extraordinary woman, which originally\\nappeared in the Yorkville (S. C.) Pioneer, is believed to be the first\\naccount of her that ever found its way to the public\\nNancy Hart and her husband settled before the Revolutionary\\nWar a few miles above the ford on Broad River, in Elbert County,\\nGeorgia. An apple orchard still remains to point out the spot.\\nIn altitude, Mrs. Hart was a Patagonian, and remarkably well-\\nlimbed and muscular. In a word, she was lofty and sour. Marked\\nby nature with prominent features, circumstances and accident\\nadded, perhaps, not a little to her peculiarities. She was horribly\\ncross-eyed, as well as cross-grained but, nevertheless, she was a", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0498.jp2"}, "495": {"fulltext": "ELBERT COUNTY. 443\\nsharp-shooter. Nothing was more common than to see her in full\\npursuit of the bounding stag. The huge antlers that hung round her\\ncabin, or upheld her trusty gun, gave proof of her skill in gunnery;\\nand the white comb, drained of its honey and hung up for ornament,\\ntestified her powers in bee-finding.\\nMany can testify to her magical art in the mazes of cookery\\nbeing able to get up a pumpkin in as many forms as there are days in\\nthe week. She was extensively known and employed for her pro-\\nfound knowledge in the management of all ailments.\\nBut she was most remarkable for her military feats. She pro-\\nfessed high-toned ideas of liberty. Not even the marriage knot could\\nrestrain her on that subject. Like the wife of Bath, she received\\nover her tongue-scourged husband\\nThe reins of absolute command,\\nWith all the government of house and land,\\nAnd empire o er his tongue, and o er his hand. 7\\nThe clouds of war gathered, and burst with a dreadful explosion in\\nthis State. Nancy s spirit rose with the tempest. She declared and\\nproved herself a friend to her country, ready to do or die.\\nAll accused of Whiggism had to hide or swing. The lily-livered\\nMr. Hart was not the last to seek safety in the cane-brake with his\\nneighbours. They kept up a prowling, skulking kind of life, occasion-\\nally sallying forth in a sort of predatory style. The Tories at length\\nhowever, gave Mrs. Hart a call, and in true soldier manner ordered a\\nrepast. Nancy soon had the necessary materials for a good feast\\nspread before them. The smoking venison, the hasty hoe-cake, and the\\nfresh honeycomb, were sufficient to have provoked the appetite of a\\ngorged epicure They simultaneously stacked their arms and seated\\nthemselves, when, quick as thought, the dauntless Nancy seized one\\nof the guns, cocked it, and with a blazing oath declared she would\\nblow out the brains of the first mortal that offered to rise, or taste a\\nmouthful They all knew her character too well to imagine that\\nshe would, say one thing and do another.\\nGo, said she to one of her sons, and tell the Whigs that I have\\ntaken six base Tories. They sat still, each expecting to be offered\\nup, with doggedly mean countenances, bearing the marks of disap-\\npointed revenge, shame, and unappeased hunger.\\nWhether the incongruity between Nancy s eyes caused each to\\nimagine himself her immediate object, or whether her commanding\\nattitude, stern and ferocious fixture of countenance, overawed them\\nor the powerful idea of their non-soldierlike conduct unnerved them\\nor the certainty of death, it is not easy to determine. They were\\nsoon relieved, and dealt with according to the rules of the times.\\nThis heroine lived to see her country free. She, however, found\\ngame and bees decreasing, and the country becoming old so fast, that\\nshe sold out her possessions, in spite of the remonstrances of her hus-\\nband, and was among the first of the pioneers who paved the way\\nto the wilds of the West.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0499.jp2"}, "496": {"fulltext": "444 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nThe following, from Mrs. Ellet s Women of the Revolution, will\\nbe read with interest, although it does not coincide exactly with the\\nYorkville account\\nIn this county is a stream, formerly known as War-woman s\\nCreek. Its name was derived from the character of an individual\\nwho lived near the entrance of the stream into the river. This per-\\nson was Nancy Hart, a woman ignorant of letters and the civilities of\\nlife, but a zealous lover of liberty and the liberty boys, as she\\ncalled the Whigs. She had a husband, whom she denominated a\\npoor stick, because he did not take a decided and active part with\\nthe defenders of his country, although she could not conscientiously\\ncharge him with the least partiality towards the Tories. This vulgar\\nand illiterate, but hospitable and valorous female patriot, could boast\\nno share of beauty a fact she herself would have readily acknow-\\nledged, had she ever enjoyed an opportunity of looking in a mirror.\\nShe was cross-eyed, with a broad, angular mouth, ungainly in figure,\\nrude in speech, and awkward in manners, but having a woman s\\nheart for her friends, though that of a Catrine Montour for the ene-\\nmies of her country. She was well known to the Tories, who stood\\nin fear of her revenge for any grievance or aggressive act, though\\nthey let pass no opportunity of worrying and annoying her, when\\nthey could do so with impunity.\\nOn the occasion of an excursion from the British camp at Augusta,\\na party of Tories penetrated into the interior, and having savagely\\nmurdered Colonel Dooly in bed, in his own house, they proceeded up\\nthe country for the purpose of perpetrating further atrocities. On\\ntheir way, a detachment of five of the party diverged to the east,\\nand crossed Broad River, to make discoveries about the neighbour-\\nhood, and pay a visit to their old acquaintance, Nancy Hart. On\\nreaching her cabin, they entered it unceremoniously, receiving from\\nher no welcome but a scowl; and informed her they had come to\\nknow the truth of a story current respecting her, that she had se-\\ncreted a noted rebel from a company of King s men who were pursu-\\ning him, and who, but for her aid, would have caught and hung him.\\nNancy undauntedly avowed her agency in the fugitive s escape. She\\ntold them she had at first heard the tramp of a horse rapidly ap-\\nproaching, and had then seen a horseman coming towards her cabin.\\nAs he came nearer, she knew him to be a Whig, and flying from pur-\\nsuit. She let down the bars a few steps from her cabin, and motion-\\ned him to enter, to pass through both doors, front and rear, of her sin-\\ngle-roomed house to take the swamp, and secure himself as well as\\nhe could. She then put up the bars, entered her cabin, closed the\\ndoors, and went about her business. Presently some Tories rode up\\nto the bars, and called out boisterously to her. She muffled her head\\nand face, and opening the door, inquired why they disturbed a sick,\\nlone woman. They said they had traced a man they wanted to catch,\\nnear her house, and asked if any one on horseback had passed that\\nway. She answered no, but said she saw somebody on a sorrel horse", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0500.jp2"}, "497": {"fulltext": "ELBERT COUNTY. 445\\nturn out of the path into the woods some two or three hundred yards\\nback. That must be the fellow, said the Tories and asking her\\ndirection as to the way he took, they turned about and went off.\\nWell fooled said Nancy, in an opposite course to that of my\\nWhig boy when, if they had not been so lofty-minded, but had look-\\ned on the ground inside the bars, they would have seen his horse s\\ntracks up to that door, as plain as vou can see the tracks on this here\\nfloor, and out of t other door down the path to the swamp.\\nThis bold story did not much please the Tory party, but they could\\nnot wreak their revenge upon the woman who thus unscrupulously\\navowed her daring aid to a rebel, and the cheat she had put upon his\\npursuers, otherwise than by ordering her to aid and comfort them by\\ngiving them something to eat. She replied, I never feed King s men\\nif I can help it the villains have put it out of my power to feed\\neven my own family and friends, by stealing and killing all my poul-\\ntry and pigs, except that one old gobbler you see in the yard.\\nWell, and that you shall cook for us, said one, who appeared\\nthe head of the party and raising his musket, he shot down the tur-\\nkey, which another of the men brought into the house, and handed to\\nMrs. Hart, to clean and cook without delay. She stormed and swore\\nawhile for Nancy occasionally swore but seeming, at last, resolved\\nto make a merit of necessity, began with alacrity the arrangements\\nfor cooking, assisted by her daughter, a little girl some ten or\\ntwelve years old, and sometimes by one of the soldiers, with whom\\nshe seemed in a tolerably good humour, exchanging rude jests with\\nhim. The Tories, pleased with her freedom, invited her to partake\\nof the liquor they had brought with them, an invitation which was\\naccepted with witty thanks.\\nThe spring, of which every settlement has one near at hand, was\\njust at the edge of the swamp, and a short distance within it\\nwas a high, snag-topped stump, on which was placed a conch-shell.\\nThis rude trumpet was used by the family to give information, by\\nmeans of a variation of notes, to Mr. Hart, or his neighbours, who\\nmight be at work in a field or clearing just beyond the swamp, that\\nthe Britishers or Tories were about that the master was wanted\\nat the cabin, or that he was to keep close, or make tracks for\\nanother swamp. Pending the operations of cooking, Mrs. Hart had\\nsent her daughter, Sukey, to the spring for water, with directions to\\nblow the conch in such a way as would inform him that there were\\nTories in the cabin, and that he should keep close, with his three\\nneighbours who were with him, till he heard the conch again.\\nThe party had become merry over their jug, and sat down to feast\\nupon the slaughtered gobbler. They had cautiously stacked their\\narms where they were in view, and within reach, and Mrs. Hart, as-\\nsiduous in her attentions upon the table, and to her guests, occasion-\\nally passed between them and their muskets. Water was called for,\\nand as there was none in the cabin Mrs. Hart having so contrived\\nthat Sukey was again sent to the spring, instructed by her mother\\nto blow the conch so as to call up Mr. Hart and his neighbours im-", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0501.jp2"}, "498": {"fulltext": "446 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nmediately. Meanwhile, Mrs. Hart had slipped out one of the pieces\\nof pine which constitutes a chinking between the logs of a cabin,\\nand had dexterously put out of the house, through that space, two of\\nthe five guns. She was detected in the act of putting out the third.\\nThe party sprang to their feet. Quick as thought, Mrs. Hart brought\\nthe piece she held to her shoulder, and declared she would kill the\\nfirst man who approached her. All were terror-struck, for Nancy s\\nobliquity of sight caused each one to imagine her aim was at him.\\nAt length one of them made a motion to advance upon her. True to\\nher threat, she fired. He fell dead upon the floor Instantly seizing\\nanother musket, she brought it to the position in readiness to fire\\nagain. By this time Sukey had returned from the spring, and taking\\nup the remaining gun, carried it out of the house, saying to her mo-\\nther, Daddy and them will soon be here. This information in-\\ncreased the alarm of the Tories, who understood the necessity of re-\\ncovering their arms immediately. But each hesitated, in the confident\\nbelief that Mrs. Hart had one eye, at least, upon him for a mark.\\nThey proposed a general rush. No time was to be lost by the bold\\nwoman she fired again, and brought down another Tory. Sukey\\nhad another musket in readiness, which her mother took, and, post-\\ning herself in the doorway, called upon the party to surrender their\\nd d Tory carcasses to a Whig woman. They agreed to sur-\\nrender, and proposed to shake hands upon the strength of it but\\nthe conqueror kept them in their places for a few moments, till her\\nhusband and his neighbours came up to the door. They were about\\nto shoot down the Tories, but Mrs. Hart stopped them, saying they\\nhad surrendered to her, and, her spirit being up to boiling heat, she\\nswore that shooting was too good for them. This hint was enough.\\nThe dead man was dragged out of the house, the wounded Tory and\\nthe others were bound, taken out beyond the bars, and hung. The\\ntree upon which they were hung was pointed out, in 1838, by one\\nwho lived in those bloody times, and who also showed the spot once\\noccupied by Mrs. Hart s cabin, accompanying the designation with\\nthe emphatic remark, Poor Nancy she was a honey of a patriot,\\nbut the devil of a wife\\nThe compiler of this work, during a visit to Elbert, was introduced\\nto Mrs. Wyche, a lady far advanced in years, who was on terms of\\nintimacy with Mrs. Hart. From her he received many anecdotes,\\namong which are the following\\nOn one occasion, when information as to what was transpiring\\non the Carolina side of the river was anxiously desired by the troops\\non the Georgia side, no one could be induced to cross the river to\\nobtain it. Nancy promptly offered to discharge the perilous duty.\\nAlone, the dauntless heroine made her way to the Savannah River\\nbut finding no mode of transport across, she procured a few logs,\\nand, tying them together with a grape-vine, constructed a raft,\\nupon which she crossed, obtained the desired intelligence, returned,\\nand communicated it to the Georgia troops.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0502.jp2"}, "499": {"fulltext": "ELBERT COUNTY. 447\\nOn another occasion, having met a Tory on the road, and entering\\ninto conversation with him, so as to divert his attention, she seized\\nhis gun, and declared that unless he immediately took up the line of\\nmarch for a fort not far distant, she would shoot him. The dastard\\nwas so intimidated, that he actually walked before the brave woman,\\nwho delivered him to the commander of the American fort.\\nNancy, with several other women and a number of small children,\\nwere once left in a fort, the men having gone some distance, pro-\\nbably for provisions, when the fort was attacked by a party of\\nTories and savages. At this critical period, when fear had seized the\\nwomen and children, to such an extent as to produce an exhibition of\\nindescribable confusion, Mrs. Hart called into action all the energies\\nof her nature. In the fort there was one cannon, and our heroine,\\nafter endeavouring in vain to place it in a position so that its fire could\\nreach the enemy, looked about for aid, and discovered a young man\\nhid under a cow-hide she immediately drew him from his retreat,\\nand threatened him with immediate death unless he instantly assisted\\nher with the cannon. The young man, who well knew that Nancy\\nwould carry her threats into execution unless he obeyed, gave her\\nhis assistance, and she fired the cannon, which so frightened the\\nenemy that they took to their heels.\\nOnce more, when Augusta was in possession of the British, the\\nAmerican troops in Wilkes, then under the command of Colonel\\nElijah Clarke, were very anxious to know something of the inten-\\ntions of the British. Nancy assumed the garments of a man, pushed\\non to Augusta, went boldly into the British camp, pretending to be\\ncrazy, and by this means was enabled to obtain much useful informa-\\ntion, which she hastened to lay before the commander, Colonel\\nClarke.\\nPROMINENT MEN.\\nCaptain James Jack died in this county, on the 18th of January,\\n1823, at the age of eighty-four years. He was born in Pennsylvania,\\nfrom whence he removed to North Carolina, and settled in the town\\nof Charlotte, where he remained until the end of the Revolutionary\\nWar, in which he took a decided and active part. At the close of the\\nwar he removed to Georgia. In the spring of 75, he was the bearer\\nof the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence to Congress. His\\nclaims upon the State of North Carolina, for Revolutionary services,\\nwere said to have amounted to \u00c2\u00a37,646, State currency. Colonel\\nPatrick Jack was his son.\\nRev. William Davis. This gentleman was a minister of the Bap-\\ntist Church, and died on the 31st of October, 1831. The following\\nparticulars are taken from an excellent book, the Georgia Baptists,\\nby Rev. Jesse H. Campbell", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0503.jp2"}, "500": {"fulltext": "448 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nFor several months previous to his death, he had a presentiment that his end\\nwas near\u00e2\u0080\u0094often spoke of it, and arranged all his worldly business with reference\\nto it. All his children were invited to make him a last visit, and on their doing\\nso, he required each of his sons to lay their hand on the scar on his head, (the\\nresult of a wound he received in his youth, while a soldier of the Eevolution,) and\\nsolemnly charged them severally to be faithful to their country s interest.\\nJudge Charles Tait resided in Elbert a man of fine talents. He\\nhad the rectorship of the Richmond Academy, in Augusta, in 1795,\\nand afterwards was a Senator in Congress, and Judge of the Supe-\\nrior Court.\\nGeneral Samuel Blackburn was of Irish descent. He was a clas-\\nsical scholar, and for some time after his removal to Georgia, taught\\nin the academy at Washington, Wilkes County. Whilst thus employ-\\ned, he prepared himself for the practice of law. His fine voice, ex-\\npressive features, noble person, perfect self-possession, keen wit, and\\nforcible language, directed by a well-cultivated and powerful intellect,\\nmade him one of the most eloquent men of his time. He married\\nGovernor Matthews daughter, and soon after settled in Elbert County,\\non Broad River. He removed afterwards to Virginia, where he died\\nin 1835.\\nThe Rev. Beverly Allen formerly resided in this county. To the\\nHon. George R. Gilmer our thanks are due for the following interesting\\nparticulars, connected with a transaction which is still remembered by\\nsome of the older citizens of Elbert\\nIn the year 179- Beverly Allen and Billy Allen carried on the business of\\nmerchandise in the County of Elbert. Their storehouse and residence were on a\\nhill rising from Beaver Dam Creek, on the side of the road leading from Fish\\nDam ford on Broad River, to the Cherokee ford on the Savannah. They were\\nboth young, and belonged to a family which emigrated from Virginia to Georgia\\nsoon after the Revolutionary War. Beverly Allen was handsome, with a fine\\nvoice and ardent temperament. He was one of the converts of Bishop Asbury.\\nduring his tour through Georgia. From public praying he commenced exhort-\\ning, and, soon after, preaching. Without any of the learning of Whitefield, he\\nhad much of his enthusiastic eloquence. Preaching was a rarity when Beverly\\nAllen became a convert. Men pricked up their ears, their souls were stirred\\nwithin them, when they heard striking exhibitions of the punishments of the\\nlower world for their sins, and the joys of the upper for their repentance.\\nWhen Beverly Allen held forth upon these subjects, the whole population\\ncrowded together to hear him. He became the idol of the people.\\nSome time in the year 1 795, Beverly Allen, with his brother, went to Augusta\\nto buy goods with the money they had, and the credit they could obtain. Whilst\\nthere, the foreign merchant of whom they had purchased their first stock of\\ngoods found them buying goods of others, instead of first discharging their debt to\\nhim. He caused a Ca. Sa. writ to be issued for their arrest, returnable to the\\nUnited States District Court. The Aliens, being informed of this, armed them-", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0504.jp2"}, "501": {"fulltext": "ELBERT COUNTY. 449\\nselves, and took possession of a room in the public house, and fastened the doors\\nagainst entrance. The Marshal (Forsyth, the father of the celebrated John For-\\nsyth) pursued them, forced open the door, and was, upon his entrance, shot dead\\nby Beverly Allen. The Aliens immediately fled to Elbert County, and were\\npursued by a warrant for their arrest upon a charge of murder. William Barnett,\\nfor a long time afterwards a well-known public man, was the Sheriff of Elbert\\nCounty. Upon receiving the warrant, he assembled a large force, and went in\\npursuit. The Aliens had concealed themselves in a high log-house, which stood\\nfor a long time after the event alluded to on the side of the road near Beaver\\nDam.\\nThe place of their concealment being communicated to the Sheriff, he sur-\\nrounded it with his guard. The doors were barricaded, so as to prevent entrance.\\nAfter many fruitless attempts to get the Aliens out, the house was set on fire.\\nBilly Allen, finding resistance in vain, opened the doors and gave himself up.\\nThe fire was put out, and search commenced for Beverly Allen, the principal\\noffender. He was at first concealed between the ceiling of the cockloft and the\\nroof. The Aliens were immediately confined in the jail of the county. This\\nbecame known to the people. The news spread that the servant of God was in\\njail for resisting an effort to take from him his liberty, to separate him from his\\nhome, friends, and flock, by confining him in jail at Augusta, through the pro-\\ncess of the United States Court, the instrument by which the Federalists intended\\nto deprive the people of their rights, and for a debt to one who was not a citizen\\nof the State. In those days, the people were a law unto themselves. The re-\\nstraints of Government were very slight during the dominion of Great\\nBritain, and scarcely felt at all, especially on the frontiers of the new\\nStates; voluntary associations called Lynch Men afforded some protection\\nagainst thieves. Personal rights were secured from violation only by the sure\\naim of a good gun, or a heavy fist and a fearless spirit. Liberty, and especially\\nliberty of person, was, from the habits of speaking, acting, and feeling of the\\ntimes of the Revolution, and immediately after, considered by many as the chief\\ngood. In such times, among such people, operated upon by such causes, the\\nAliens could not remain prisoners. The Sheriff, finding that their rescue would\\nbe attempted, set off with his prisoners for Washington, Wilkes County. He\\nwas headed on the road, and considered it safest to return. He increased his\\nguard to sixteen men, but many of these proved to be the friends of the pri-\\nsoners. On the night after his return from the attempt to secure the prisoners,\\nin Wilkes jail, the jail of Elbert was attacked by 200 men, the doors forced\\nopen, and the Aliens permitted to escape. The friends of the prisoners on guard\\nhad, previous to the attack, taken the powder from the locks of the guns of all\\nthe guards, from whom any danger was apprehended, except one. Beverly\\nAllen fled to the most distant western frontier of the United States. He lived to\\nold age, apprehensive, during his entire life, that he might be arrested for the\\nkilling of Forsyth. Billy Allen, whose crime consisted in being in company\\nwith his brother when the act of violence was done, was permitted soon after to\\nreturn to his home, where he remained unmolested during his life. As soon as\\nsearch after Beverly Allen had ceased, inquiries began to be made about the\\npersons who were engaged in his rescue. John Rucker, one of the rescuers,\\n29", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0505.jp2"}, "502": {"fulltext": "450 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nused to amuse his friends, after the alarm had passed away, by telling some of\\nthe incidents which happened to him, whilst concealed to avoid arrest, and\\nwhich became a sort of sing-song among ail the little boys of the country for a\\nlong time afterwards. Middleton was Barnett s deputy. They were small, ac-\\ntive, quick-spoken men. One of the guard, Thomas Gilmer, was a very fat man,\\nweighing three hundred pounds. Rucker said he had fled to the Savannah River,\\nand concealed himself under its bank. Whilst hid, he heard a great many small\\nfrogs crying, Middleton and Bamett! Middleton and Barnett! and imitating\\nwhat he was describing, he would compress his lips, and drawing his voice only\\nfrom his teeth, very quickly, make a sound like that of the frogs. He said he\\nstood this cry without flinching, but after a while he heard a big bullfrog cry\\nout, T-o-m G-i-l-m-o-r-e T-o-M G-i-l-m-o-r-e and this he would repeat\\nwith swelled cheeks, and full voice, which he said he could not stand. He then\\nplunged into the water, and made for the Carolina side of the river.\\nEMANUEL COUNTY.\\nLaid out from Bulloch and Montgomery in 1812, and named after\\nthe Hon. David Emanuel. Length, 45 m. breadth, 41 m.; area\\nsquare miles, 1,845.\\nThe rivers are the Ogeechee, separating the county from Burke,\\nthe Big Cannouchee, the Little Cannouchee, Great Ohoopee, c.\\nThe creeks are Yamgrandee, Sartain s, Pendleton s, c.\\nParis now is the county site, 80 miles S. E. of Milledgeville.\\nThe face of the country is level. On the rivers, good lands may\\nbe found. The productions are cotton, corn, sugar-cane, c.\\nThe climate is salubrious. Instances of great longevity are not\\nrare.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Families, 605; dwellings, 605.\\nWhite males, 1,846; white females, 1,745. Free coloured males, 14;\\nfree coloured females, 10. Total free population, 3,615; slaves, 962.\\nDeaths, 25. Farms, 511 value of real estate, $413,712; value of\\npersonal estate, $743,463.\\nAmong the first persons who settled in this part of the State were,\\nJames Moore, Wm. Stephens, Henry Durden, Geo. Rotjndtree,\\nRichard Edinfield, M. Thigpin, A. Gardner, N. Rowland, E.\\nSwain, James Tapley, John Snell, James Hicks, Wm. Phillips, J.\\nSutton, E. Lane, B. Johnston, John Wiggins, P. Newton, Wm.\\nRowland, Wm. and J. Norris, Wm. Douglass, S. Powell, John\\nRhiner, M. Curl, S. Kennedy, E. Colman, D. E. Rich, E. Wilks,\\nS. Williamson, B. Key, J. C. Summer.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0506.jp2"}, "503": {"fulltext": "FAYETTE COUNTY. 451\\nSeveral years ago a very singular robbery was committed m this\\ncounty. A physician had been attending on the daughter of a Mr.\\nand Mrs. Gregory. After the recovery of the patient, her father paid\\nthe doctor for his professional services the sum of forty-five dollars,\\nwhich, with other collections he had made about the same time,\\namounted to seventy or eighty dollars.\\nWhile on his way home, and passing by a swamp, this infirm and\\naged son of Esculapius was accosted by a foe clad in no ordinary ter-\\nrors. It was no less than Mrs. Gregory, the mother of his late patient,\\nas the doctor declared under the solemnity of an oath before a civil\\ntribunal, habited in the attire of a warrior, her face well blacked, a\\nmusket upon her shoulder, and two or three pieces of pipe-stem\\nthrust in her mouth. She advanced with the intrepidity of Joan of\\nArc, seized his bridle rein with one hand, and with the other laid hold\\nof the pocket which contained the money, and never relaxed her grasp\\ntill she tore away the pocket and secured its contents. We are un-\\nable to inform the reader whether Mrs. Gregory was tried for this\\nf *Fence.\\nFAYETTE COUNTY.\\nThis county is a portion of the territory acquired by the United\\nStates for the use of the State of Georgia, from the Creek Indians, by\\na treaty made at the Indian Springs. Organized in 1821. Named\\nafter the Marquis De La Fayette. Length, 27 m. breadth, 18\\nm. area square miles, 486.\\nThe Flint River passes along the eastern part of the county.\\nFayetteville is the county town, 107 miles from Milledgeville.\\nJonesborough is a thriving place, situated on the Macon and\\nWestern Railroad.\\nRough and Ready, and Fairburne, are small places.\\nThe face of the country is level. The lands are of the gray\\nquality, adapted to cotton, corn, c.\\nThe climate is healthy. We insert a few cases of longevity.\\nMr. Waldroup died at 104; Mr. Graves, over 80; Wm. Gay, over\\n80 Mr. Hanes, 87 Mr. Grey, 80 John Fuller, 96 Mr. Moses,\\n80; Mrs. Atkinson, 80 E. Knowles, 80; Wm. Powell, 90; John\\nCooke, 95; Wm. Abercrombie, 85; Mr. S. Speights, 85.\\nGeneral David Dickson died in this county in 1830, aged 79 years.\\nHe joined the standard of American Independence in February, 1775,\\nat the Snow Camps, on Reedy River, at the takingof Colonel Cunning-\\nham and his Tories. In 1776, he commanded a volunteer company,\\nunder Gen. Williamson, in the Cherokee Nation, against the Chero-\\nkees and Tories. In 1777, he brought a company of minute-men to", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0507.jp2"}, "504": {"fulltext": "452 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nGeorgia, and was stationed on the frontiers. In 1778, he and his\\ncompany went with the American army to take St. Augustine, and\\nserved in the artillery. The taking of St. Augustine miscarried the\\nminute-men were discharged, and he returned to South Carolina,\\njoined the standard of Independence, and continued in the service of\\nhis country to the end of the war.\\nSamuel Parsons died in 1832, aged 70 years. He was a native\\nof the State of Virginia. At the age of fifteen he entered the army\\nof the Revolution, was engaged in the battle of Guilford Court-\\nHouse, at the siege of Little York, and witnessed the surrender of\\nLord Cornwallis.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 1,196; families,\\n1,206; white males, 3,450; white females, 3,290; free coloured\\nmales, 3 1 free coloured female. Total free population, 6,744\\nslaves, 1,965. Deaths, 99. Farms, 818; manufacturing establish-\\nments, 6. Value of real estate, $2,185,835 value of personal estate,\\n$1,162,169.\\nThe first Superior Court for this county was held on the 22d of April, 1824.\\nHis Honor Eli Shorter, Judge.\\ngrand jurors.\\nJames Strawn, Wm. Gilleland,\\nWm. Morgan, Wm. Powell,\\nMatthew Burge, L. Landrijm,\\nWm. Watts, John Chambers,\\nJoseph H. Shaw, Stephen Smith,\\nJohn Levi, Wm. Harkins,\\nCharles Lisles, James Garratt,\\nJohn Hamilton, M. Glass,\\nJames Head, R. Barrow.\\nA. Tilghnuaw,\\nFLOYD C OUNTY.\\nThis county was laid out from Cherokee in 1832.\\nThe principal streams are the Oostenaula and Etowah, which unite\\ntheir waters at Rome, forming the Coosa.\\nRome is the county town, at the junction of the Etowah and Ooste-\\nnaula rivers, situated upon several high hills, and commands a fine\\nview of the mountains. Distant from Milledgeville 176 miles.\\nRome, in the opinion of Colonel A. J. Pickett, whose researches\\ninto the early history of Georgia and Alabama are highly interesting,\\noccupies the site of an Indian town formerly called Chiaha. De Soto\\ntook up his quarters in this town in 1540, according to the following", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0508.jp2"}, "505": {"fulltext": "FLOYD COUNTY. 453\\nstatement, which is extracted from an account of De Soto s travels,\\nwritten by a Portugall gentleman of Eluas emploied in all the action,\\nand translated out of Portugese by Richard Hacklvyt. 1609.\\nThe Gouernour departed from Guaxule, and in two daies iournie came to a\\ntowne called Canasagua. There met him on the way twenty Indians, euery one\\nloaden with a basket ful of mulberries for there be many, and those very good,\\nfrom Cutifa-chiqui thither and so forward in other Prouinces, and also nuts and\\nplummes. And the trees grow in the fields without planting or dressing them,\\nand as big and as rancke as though they grew in gardens digged and watered.\\nFrom the time that the Gouernour departed from Canasagua, hee iournied hue\\ndaies through a desert; and two leagues before he came to Chiaha, there met\\nhim 15 Indians loaden with maiz, which the Cacique had sent; and they told\\nhim on his behalfe that he waited his comming with twenty barnes full of it; and\\nfarther that himselfe, his Countrieand subiects, and al things els, were at his ser-\\nuice. On the 5 day of June the Gouernour entred into Chiaha: The Cacique\\nvoided his owne houses in which he lodged, and receiued him with much ioy,\\nsaying these words following\\nMightie and excellent Lord, I hold myself e for so happie a man in that it hath\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2pleased your Lordship to vse me, that nothing could haue happened vnto me of more\\ncontentment, nor Unit I would haue esteemed so much. From Guaxule your Lord-\\nship sent vnto me that L should prepare maiz for you in this towne for two months.\\nHere I haue for you 20 barnes full of the choicest that in all the Countrie could be\\nfound. Lf your Lordship bee not entertained by me in such sort as is fit for so hie a\\nPrince, respect my tender age, which excuseth me from blame, and receuve my good\\nwil, which with much loyaltie, truth and sincerities I will alwaies shew in anything\\nwhich shall concerne your Lordship s seruiceP\\nThe Gouernour answered him that he thanked him very much for his sendee\\nand offer, and that he would alwaies account him as his brother.\\nThere was in this towne much butter in gourds, melted like oile; they said it\\nwas the fat of beares. There was found also great store of oile of walnuts, which\\nwas cleare as butter, and of a good taste, and a pot ful of honie of bees, which\\nneither before nor afterward was seene in all the Countrie.\\nThe towne was an Island betweene two armes of a Riuer, and was seated nigh\\none of them. The Riuer diudeth itselfe into those two branches, two crosse-bow\\nshot aboue the towne, and meeteth againe a league beneath the same. The\\nplain betweene both the branches is sometimes one crosse-bow shot, sometimes\\ntwo crosse-bow shot ouer. The branches are very broad, and both of them may\\nbe waded ouer. There were along them verie good meadows, and manie fields\\nsowne with maiz and because the Indians staied in their towne, the Gouernour\\nonly lodged in the houses of the Cacique, and his people in the fields; where\\nthere was euer a tree euerie one tooke one for himselfe. Thus the Camp lay\\nseparated one from another, and out of order. The Gouernour winked at it, be-\\ncause the Indians were in peace; and because it was very hot, and the people\\nshould haue suffered great extremitie if it had not bin so. The horses came\\nthither so weake. that for feeblenesse they were not able to carrie their masters;\\nbecause that from Cutifa-chiqui they alwaies trauelled with verie little prouender,", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0509.jp2"}, "506": {"fulltext": "454 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nand were hunger starued and tired euer since they came from the desert of Ocute;\\nand because the most of them were not in case to vse in battell, though need\\nshould require they sent them to feed in the night a quarter of a league from the\\nCamp. The Christians were there in great danger, because that if, at this time,\\nthe Indians had set upon them, they had been in euill case to haue defended\\nthemselues. The Gouernour rested there thirtie daies, in which time, because\\nthe Countrie was very fruitful!, the horses grew fat. At the time of his depar-\\nture, by the importunitie of some, which would haue more than was reason, hee\\ndemanded of the Cacique 30 women to make slaues of. Hee answered that he\\nwould conferre with his chiefe men. And before hee returned an answere, one\\nnight all of them, with their wiues and children, forsooke the towne and fled\\naway. The next day, the Gouernour purposing to goe to seeke them, the Ca-\\ncique came vnto him, and at his comming vsed these words vnto the Goueinour:\\nMightie Lord, with shame and feare of your Lordship, because my subiects,\\nagainst my will, haue done amisse in absenting themselues, I went my way\\nwithout your license; and knowing the errour which I have committed, like a\\nloyall subiect I come to yeeld myselfe into your power, to dispose of mee at your\\nowne pleasure. For my subiects doe not obey mee, nor doe anything but what an\\nVncle of mine commandeth which gouerneth this Countrie for me, vntill I be\\nof a perfect age. If your Lordship will pursue them and execute on them that\\nwhich for their disobedience they deserue, I will be your guide, since at this\\npresent my fortune will not suffer me to performe any more.\\nPresently the Goueinour with 30 horsemen and as many footemen went to\\nseeke the Indians; and passing by some townes of the principall Indians which\\nhad absented themselues, hee cut and destroyed great fields of maiz; and went\\nv}) the Riuer, where the Indians were in an Island, where the horsemen could\\nnot come at them. There he sent them word by an Indian to retume to their\\ntowne and leare nothing, and that they should giue him men to carrie burdens,\\nas al those behind had done for he would haue no Indian women, seeing they\\nwere so loth to part with them.\\nThe Indians accepted his request, and came to the Gouernour to excuse them-\\nselues; and so all of them returned to their towne. A Cacique of a Prouince\\ncalled Coste came to this towne to visit the Gouernour. After hee had offered\\nhimselfe, and passed with him some words, of tendring his seruice and curtesie.\\nthe Gouernour asking him whether he had notice of any rich Countrie, he said\\nyea; to wit, that toward the North there was a Prouince named Chisca; and\\nthere was a melting of copper and of another -metall of the same colour, saue\\nthat it was finer and of a fane more perfect colour, and farre better to the sight\\nand that they vsed it not so much because it was softer.\\nAnd the selfe-same thing was told the Goueinour in Cutifa-chiqui where we\\nsaw some little hatchets of copper which were said to haue a mixture of gold.\\nBut in that part the countrie was not well peopled, and they said there were\\nmountaines which the horses could not passe and for that cause, the Gouernour\\nwould not goe from Cutifa-chiqui directly hither. And hee made account that\\ntrauelling through a peopled countrie, when his men and horses should bee in\\nbetter plight, and hee were better certified of the truth of the thing, he would\\nreturne toward it by mountaines and a better inhabited countrie, whereby hee", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0510.jp2"}, "507": {"fulltext": "FLOYD COUNTY. 455\\nmight haue a better passage. He sent two Christians from CJiiaha, with certaine\\nIndians which knew the countrie of Chisca, and the language thereof, to view it,\\nand to make report.\\nDe Soto then broke up his camp, recrossed the Oostenaula, and\\nmarched down the west side of the Coosa, leaving the generous people\\nof Chiaha well satisfied with presents.\\nRome has a number of handsome private dwellings.\\nThe Etowah House is eligibly situated near the railroad and steam-\\nboat landing, and is conducted by an obliging gentleman.\\nAt the last session of the Legislature, a town opposite to Rome was\\nincorporated by the name of De Soto.\\nHillsborough is opposite to Rome.\\nThe town of Cave Springs is in the southern portion of the county,\\nnear the Alabama line.\\n[lisii m\\\\m a\\nDEAF AND DUMB ASYLUM.\\nThe Georgia Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, of which the above\\nis a view, is located here.\\nThe Legislature of the State, at different times, have made liberal\\nappropriations for the support and education of the deaf and dumb.\\nFormerly, a commissioner was appointed to receive applications in\\nbehalf of indigent deaf and dumb inhabitants of this State, and to\\nmake all necessary arrangements for conveying such beneficiaries to\\nthe American Asylum at Hartford, Connecticut but that office is\\nnow abolished. In 1847, the Legislature passed an act authorizing\\nthe Governor to appoint five commissioners, who were required o make\\nall necessary arrangements for the erection of an asylum.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0511.jp2"}, "508": {"fulltext": "456 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nExtract from the Ce?isus of 1850. Dwellings, 866 families,\\n866 white males, 2,781 white females, 2,421 free coloured\\nmales, 2 free coloured females, 2. Total free population, 5,206\\nslaves, 2,999. Deaths, 49. Farms, 397 manufacturing establish-\\nments, 15. Value of real estate, $1,581,400; value of personal\\nestate, $1,673,691.\\nSHisnllaHMiDB,\\nIn the fork of the Etowah and Oostenaula rivers, near Rome, human\\nbones have been found. In September, 1793, an engagement took\\nplace here between the whites and Indians, the particulars of which\\nare thus given by Breazeale\\nBattle with the Indians. In September, 1793, the Cherokee Indians,\\namounting, it is believed, to about one thousand, made an incursion into the set-\\ntlements of Tennessee, and attacked and took Cavit s Station, eight miles below\\nKnoxville, murdering the whole family, thirteen in number. After the mas-\\nsacre of the inmates of the fort, they made a precipitate retreat, turning across\\nthe country towards the Clinch River, which they crossed in a few hours after-\\nwards. It was supposed at the time that the Indians intended to attack the town\\nof Knoxville, and were only prevented by daylight breaking upon them sooner\\nthan they expected. General Sevier was then at John Ish s, on the south side\\nof Hoiston, having arrived a few days before with four hundred men. He im-\\nmediately raised additional troops, and marched into the Cherokee country,\\nhoping to overtake the party who had murdered Cavit s family. His force con-\\nsisted of about seven or eight hundred men. They crossed Tennessee at the\\nCoyetee ford, Hiwassee, at the mouth of Ocoee, and marched directly to a\\ntown called Oostenaula. At this place he remained three days, on account of\\nsickness among his troops.\\nThe first night after Sevier s soldiers crossed Coosawattee, the Indians fired\\nupon them, and wounded one man. The second night, Sevier caused a breast-\\nwork of logs and brush to be erected. On the next morning, John Lowiy (now\\nColonel John Lowry) and others went to the river to water their horses, and were\\nfired on by the Indians, and Lowry received a shot in his arm. On the third day\\nafter the army crossed the Coosawattee, General Sevier ordered Colonel Kelly to\\nmarch with his army up the river to the Coosawattee village, and destroy it,\\nwhich he accordingly did, and returned to Sevier s encampment the same even-\\ning. On the next morning, General Sevier marched the army down the river.\\nWhen he came within half a mile of the junction of the Oostenaula and Etowah,\\nthe paths forked, one leading to the Hightower towns, and the other to the Ooste-\\nnaula, and leading down it, on the northern or eastern side and here he divided\\nhis army, and placed one detachment under the command of Colonel Kelly, and\\ntook command of the other himself. He ordered Colonel Kelly to cross the Etowah,\\nand proceed down on the southern side, and destroy all the Indian towns as\\nhe marched while he (General Sevier) would march down on the other side of\\nthe river, and lay waste the country there. Carey and Findleston had been em-", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0512.jp2"}, "509": {"fulltext": "FLOYD COUNTY. 457\\nployed as pilots, well acquainted with the country. Upon arriving at the ford\\nof the Etowah, it was discovered that the Indians had fortified themselves on\\nthe ford on the opposite side.\\nThey had dug holes in the river and bank in which to secrete themselves, and\\nhad cut saplings, and fell them down the bank, where the path went out of the\\nriver. Upon making this discovery, Colonel Kelly concerted a plan with Major\\nEvans to draw the Indians out of their strongholds, and compel them to fight on\\nopen ground, and he succeeded most admirably. He marched the army down\\nthe river, a few hundred yards below the ford, to a canoe-landing, where the water\\nwas deep enough for swimming, and himself, Findleston, and a few others, plunged\\nin, and swam across. Major Evans instantly ordered the detachment to halt,\\nand, seeing the Indians running down on the other side of the river to meet\\nKelly and his comrades, he faced the men about, all being horsemen, and dashed\\nup to the ford in full gallop, and crossed the river at half speed. The Indians,\\nseeing the main party crossing at the ford, ran back, leaving Colonel Kelly\\nand his friends to escape from the water in safety. A hot and furious battle\\nensued, which lasted about twenty minutes.\\nWhen the front of the detachment had crossed the river and reached the bank,\\nthey were obliged to alight, and cut the saplings and brush with their hatchets,\\nand remove them out of their way, before they could ascend the bank and while\\nthis was doing, the Indians fired upon them, and killed one man but the little\\narmy succeeded in ascending very quickly, and returned the fire of the Indians\\nwith so much alacrity, that they soon retreated, carrying with them all their\\nkilled and wounded, except one, which they could not get away. They were\\nseen by the whites dragging their killed and wounded over logs and into the\\ncane-brake. Judge Hugh L. White was in this engagement, then a very young\\nman, and was among the first that ascended the bank of the river, under\\nthe fire of the enemy. Evans had two men killed, Wear and Prewitt. John\\nWallace, who was wounded, died the night after the battle.\\nGeneral Sevier, hearing the firing, wheeled his detachment about, and pushed\\nwith all possible speed to the assistance of Evans, and came up just as the In-\\ndians had retreated. The two men, Wear and Prewitt, that were killed, were\\ntaken down the river to an Indian village, buried in a cellar in an Indian cabin,\\nand the cabin burnt over them, to prevent the Indians from finding and mangling\\ntheir bodies, as was their custom. General Sevier then marched the whole army\\nback across the Etowah, crossed the Coosawattee, and moved down the river,\\ndestroying all the towns as he went.\\nFloyd County was originally settled by persons from the older\\nparts of Georgia, South Carolina, and Tennessee.\\nCave Spring is situated on Little Cedar Creek, in Vann s Valley.\\nThis spring issues from a mountain east of the valley. The force\\nof the water is sufficient to turn an overshot mill. There is a cave\\nfifty yards from the spring. You descend into it at an angle of\\nninety degrees. Beautiful stalactites are in the different apartments\\nof the cave. The creek formed by the spring runs off with great\\nswiftness, almost as i swift as the mountain stream, until it enters", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0513.jp2"}, "510": {"fulltext": "458 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\ninto Big Cedar. There are several other springs in this vicinity,\\nthe water of which is just as good as that of the Cave Spring\\nAbout a mile and a half northeast of Rome, near Mr. Mitchell s plan-\\ntation, is Nix s Cave. The interior is filled with stalactites. Mr.\\nNix resides near this cave, and is always ready to guide visitors\\nthrough its numerous apartments. On Mr. Mitchell s plantation is\\nWoodward s Cave, formerly notorious as a depository for stolen\\ngoods. The entrance is through a large rock, which is nearly one^\\nhundred feet perpendicular. There are a great many small caves in\\nvarious parts of the county.\\nFORSYTH COUNTY.\\nLaid out from Cherokee in 1832; named after the Hon. John\\nForsyth.\\nThe lands on the rivers and creeks are fertile.\\nThe climate is healthy.\\nCumming, named after Colonel William dimming, is the county\\ntown, 145 miles from Milledgeville it is surrounded by beautiful\\nscenery.\\nThe public places are Big Creek, Hartford, High Tower, Vickery s\\nCreek, and Warsaw.\\nThis section lies in the gold region. The mineral resources are\\nsupposed to be great.\\nThe principal streams are the Chattahoochee and Etowah. There\\nare several creeks, such as Vickery s, Dick s, John s, c.\\nAccording to the census of 1850, there were in this county Dwell-\\nings, 1,334; families, 1,334; white males, 3,950; white females,\\n3,862 free coloured males, 6 free coloured females, 5. Total\\nfree population, 7,823. Slaves, 1,027. Deaths, 39. Farms, 765\\nmanufacturing establishments, 8. Value of real estate, $672,978\\nvalue of personal estate, $700,426.\\nThe first persons who made settlements in this county were, T.\\nScudder, L. Blackburn, John Jolly, W. W. Vaughan, A. Cameron,\\nWm. Rogers, John Rogers, Noah Strong, L. Hudson, B. Allen,\\nW. H. Bacon, L. D. Harris, E. Harris, Geo. Kellogg, Mr. Julian,\\nAlfred Hudson, W. G. Fields.\\nOn Mr. Rogers s plantation, twelve miles south of Cumming, on\\nthe road to Lawrenceville, are several small mounds. On the road\\nfrom Canton to Dahlonega, ten miles northwest from Cumming, is\\na very remarkable rock, an unhewn mass of granite, eight and a\\nhalf feet long, and two and a half feet wide, three-sided, with irregular\\nconverging points, upon which are numerous characters, seventeen of\\nthem varying in shape. The largest circles are eight inches in", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0514.jp2"}, "511": {"fulltext": "FRANKLIN COUNTY. 459\\ndiameter. Front its appearance, it must have been wrought at a very\\nremote period. The designs are very regular, and it is probable that\\nthey were executed by the same race of people who constructed the\\nmounds in this and other sections of the State.\\nFRANKLIN COUNTY.\\nThis is among the oldest counties in the State. Length, 26 m.\\nbreadth, 25 m. square miles, 650.\\nThe Tugaloo River separates the county from South Carolina.\\nThe other streams are, Hudson s Fork, North Fork, and Middle\\nFork.\\nLands of the first quality are situated on Tugaloo River.\\nCarnesville is the county town, named after Judge Carnes, 108\\nmiles from Milledgeville.\\nThe public places are, Acquilla, Hudson, Bowersville, Bushville,\\nFairview, Grove Level, Middle River, Parker s Store, Walnut Hill.\\nThe Franklin Springs are situated nine miles S. E. of Carnesville.*\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 1,546 families 1,546\\nwhite males, 4,516 white females, 4,560; free coloured males, 33 free\\ncoloured females, 22. Total free population, 9,131 slaves, 2,382.\\nDeaths, 96. Farms, 1,305; manufacturing establishments, 4. Value\\nof real estate, $1,293,827; value of personal estate, $1,145,948.\\nFranklin can show a long list of aged persons. Mr. Hale died\\nat 117; John Watson and his wife, at 90; Thos. Clarke, at 90;\\nWm. Spears, 110 Henry Parks, 100 Elisha Dyer and wife, 93\\nSamuel Mackay, 100 Jesse Marshall, 97 Mr. John Stonecy-\\npher, 96; David Guess, 90; Mr. Shannon, 83; A. Saunders, 85;\\nColonel James H. Little, 83 Joseph Parker, 85 John Pearce,\\n85 Samuel Daily, 85.\\nCaptain James Terrell died in this county, in the 77th year\\nof his age. He was among the foremost to join the standard of his\\ncountry, though beset on all sides by the adherents of royalty. He was,\\nfor his distinguished services, very soon promoted to the captaincy of\\na company, in which station he served with fidelity and honour, until\\ndisabled by a musket-ball that shattered his hip into pieces which\\ndeprived him from rendering farther military services in a cause the\\nsuccess of which, as he often declared, was more dear to him than\\nhis own existence.\\nThe early settlers in this county were, L. Cleveland, Peter\\nWilliamson, Joseph Humphreys, N. Cleveland, John Gorham,\\nThomas and John Payne, Benjamin Echols, Wm. Hardin, John", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0515.jp2"}, "512": {"fulltext": "460 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nSmith, Benjamin Watson, Colonel James H. Little, John Stonecy-\\npher, Clement Wilkins, Samuel Sewell, Thompson Epperson,\\nWm. Spears, Wm. Blackwell, Russel Jones, Daniel Bush, Mr.\\nGilbert, Geo. Rucker, John Norris, James Terrell, James\\nHooper, Henry Smith, S. Shannon, Peter Waters, Josiah and\\nGeorge Stovall, Joseph Chandler, James Blair, c.\\nA company of volunteers from this county, commanded by Captain\\nMorris, was engaged in a battle with the Creeks in Pea River\\nSwamp, in Alabama, March 25, 1837. They won for themselves a\\nreputation that may be envied by the victors of any field Their deeds\\nof noble daring were the theme of their associates in arms, and they\\nwere not behind the rest of the brave fellows, either in the march,\\nthe swimming, or the charge. An incident that occurred during the\\ncharge is worthy of note. One of the Franklin Volunteers was in\\nhot pursuit of an Indian, who, finding that he must fall into the\\nhands of his pursuer, attempted to save himself by running in the\\nmidst of the women, two of whom seized the volunteer he used\\nevery exertion to disengage himself from them, but they made a\\nfurious and deadly assault upon him with their knives, and in self-\\ndefence he drew his bowie, and with two blows killed them both.\\nThis section of the State was for a long time exposed to the ravages\\nof the Indians. In almost every part it was found necessary to erect\\nforts and block-houses to protect the inhabitants against the savages.\\nCruelties were inflicted upon the helpless women and children, the\\nrecord of which would chill the blood.\\nGILMER COUNTY.\\nThis county was named after the Hon. George R. Gilmer, and was\\nlaid out from Cherokee in 1 832.\\nThe rivers are Ellijay and Tacoa.\\nThe face of the country is broken by mountains, the principal of\\nwhich are, Cohuttah, Frog, Coal, Bald, Long Swamp, Amacolola,\\nTurnip Town, Tallona, and Sharp Top. The best lands are in the\\nvalleys and on the water-courses.\\nEllijay is the capital, situated on the northwest bank of the\\nEllijay River, 171 miles N. W. of Milledgeville.\\nThe public places are, Prince Edward, Tacoa, Talking Rock, and\\nBlue Ridge.\\nThe country is rich in minerals. Gold, iron, and marble are found\\nin various sections.\\nAmong those who first settled in this county are, B. Chastain,\\nJames Cody, Alexander Kell, James Kell, Benjamin Griffith,", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0516.jp2"}, "513": {"fulltext": "GLYNN COUNTY. 461\\nL. Holt, C. Cooper, J. E. Price, John P. Alexander, Samuel\\nJones, E. Chastain, A. Johnson, J. A. Johnson, E. Gibson, James\\nSimmons, Jacob Gibson, C. Goble, J. C. King, S. Griffith, H. K.\\nQuillian, Thos. M. Burnett, Wm. Cox, B. M. Griffeth, c.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 1,396 families,\\n1,396; white males, 4,242; white females, 3,994; free coloured\\nmales, 3 1 free coloured female. Total free population, 8,240\\nslaves, 200. Deaths, 54. Farms, 577 manufacturing establish-\\nments, 5. Value of real estate, $551,451 value of personal estate,\\n$233,115.\\nWe are indebted to a gentleman well acquainted with the history\\nof the Cherokees for the following items, viz.\\nOld Indian Towns. Ellija, an Indian town, formerly stood where Ellijay\\nnow stands. White Path was the Chief. He accompanied John Ross to Wash-\\nington, in 1834. General Jackson invited him to dinner, and presented him\\nwith a silver watch, which he always kept as a precious treasure. He was\\ntaken sick at Hopkinsville, Kentucky. During his illness, the people showed\\nhim great kindness. After his death, his watch was sold, and its proceeds ap-\\npropriated to the erection of a marble monument.\\nTalona was south of Ellija. It was sometimes called Sanderstown, after the\\nprincipal Chief, George Sanders, who kept a house of entertainment on the\\nFederal Road, and was considered a high-minded man. He accompanied Ross\\nto Washington. On his return, he was taken sick, and died at Raleigh, North\\nCarolina.\\nMountain Town was situated in the eastern part of Gilmer; Cartilana was thp\\nprincipal Chief.\\nGLYNN COUNTY.\\nThis is one of the oldest counties in Georgia, being first laid out\\nin 1765, into two parishes, viz., St. Patrick and St. David s, although\\nextensive settlements had been made many years before. In 1777,\\nthe parishes above named were formed into the County of Glynn, and\\nso named in honour of John Glynn, Esq., distinguished for his un-\\nwavering support of the colonies.\\nThe principal streams are the Alatamaha, Turtle, Little and St.\\nSimon s rivers.\\nThe face of the country is broken by extensive swamps, which,\\nwhen drained, become the most valuable lands in the county.\\nThe climate is warm. In the summer fevers and agues occur in\\nthe lower lands.\\nBrunswick is the county town, situated on the east bank of the", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0517.jp2"}, "514": {"fulltext": "462 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nTurtle River, 201 miles S. E. of Milledgeville. The town is situal\\ned on a beautiful bluff of white sand, elevated from eight to twelve\\nfeet above high water, and extending itself up and down the river for\\nupwards of two miles, affording a delightful situation for a city of\\nthe largest extent.\\nFrederica is on the west side of St. Simon s Island, and was\\nsettled in 1739. It received its name in honour of Frederick, Prince\\nof Wales, only son of George the Second. It was laid out by Gene-\\nral Oglethorpe, with wide streets, crossing each other at right angles,\\nand planted with rows of orange-trees. This place was the favourite\\nresidence of General Oglethorpe, and figures much in the early his-\\ntory of Georgia.\\nOn the coast are numerous islands, of which St. Simon s is the\\nmost celebrated. Here a battle was fought, July 7, 1742, between\\nOglethorpe s regiment and the Spaniards. The latter were defeated\\nwith great loss, and the place where the engagement took place has\\never since been called Bloody Marsh.\\nWe prefer to give a narrative of matters connected with the Spanish\\ninvasion of Georgia in the language of General Oglethorpe, as we\\nconsider his account the most reliable in its details of any to which\\nwe have had access.\\nThe Spaniards (says the General, in one of his letters,) at Augustine were so\\nstrengthened by the troops left, there after the invasion of Georgia, amongst\\nwhich were the dragoons of the regiment of Italica, that they repulsed all the\\nparties of Indians that I could send out against them.\\nI had also intelligence of a strong party of men marching towards the river\\nSt. Mathew. As I concluded, this was to enlarge their quarters, ready for the next\\nbody of troops that they expect in the spring, from Havannah, and with which\\nthey propose to invade all North America, and begin with the conquest of\\nGeorgia and Carolina. I, therefore, thought the best means I could take was to\\noppose them in time, and myself in person, to lead the Indians, and dispute with\\nthem the field, before their troops came from Cuba.\\nI, therefore, with a detachment of the Highland Company of Rangers, and of\\nthe regiment, landed in the night in Florida, and had such success that the In-\\ndians advanced, undiscovered, and attacked the Spaniards, and killed upwards of\\nforty of them but one of their own party being killed, they would give no prison-\\ners quarters, therefore I have no intelligence.\\nI march to-morrow, and if I have success I trust in God 1 shall be able to force\\nthe Spaniards once more to take shelter in their town, which I shall look upon as\\na great point gained, since it will delay their intended operations, and give heart\\nto our Indians, and keep them steady to his Majesty s interest, who were a good\\ndeal staggered by some strange steps taken by the Lieutenant-Governor of South\\nCarolina, which Captain Dunbar will inform your Grace of; but any success lean\\nnow have, will only be putting off for a short time the fatal blow which must at-\\ntend the vast operations making at Cuba, c.\\nFrom the Camp, on the River St. Mathew, or St. John s,\\nFlorida, 18th March, 1742-3.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0518.jp2"}, "515": {"fulltext": "GLYNN COUNTY. 463\\nFlorida, on the River St. Mathevv,\\n21st March, 1742-3.\\nI am to acquaint your Grace of his Majesty s arms. The Spaniards have quitted\\nthe field, and are retired into St. Augustine. The troops made a very extraor-\\ndinary march in four days, of ninety-six miles, for so many it is from this place\\nto St. Augustine and back again, and this we performed without leaving one\\nman sick behind us, and the whole party is in strength and health. I hear from\\nall hands that there is a strong body of troops at St. Augustine, and can hardly\\nconceive the reason of their behaviour and precipitate retreat, from numbers so\\nmuch inferior to them, unless they have orders from their court to preserve their\\nstrength entire for the intended invaders. I did all I could to draw them to ac-\\ntion, and having posted the grenadiers and some of the troops in ambuscade,\\nadvanced myself, with a very few men, in sight of the town, intending to skir-\\nmish and retire, in order to draw them into the ambuscade, but they were so\\nmeek there was no provoking them. The Indians advanced so nimbly, as to get\\nup with a party of the enemy, and killed forty of them under the cannon of the\\ntown.\\nAbove addressed to the Earl of Oxford.\\nFrederica, in Georgia, 30th July, 1742.\\nThe Spanish Invasion, which has for a long time threatened the colony of\\nCarolina and all North America, has at last fallen upon us, and God has been our\\ndeliverer. General Hozcasilas, Governor of the Havannah, ordered those troops\\nwho had been employed against General Wentworth, to embark with artillery and\\nevery thing necessary for a secret expedition. They sailed with a great fleet;\\namongst them were two half galleys, carrying 120 men each, and 18-pound\\nguns. They drew but 5 feet water, which satisfied me they were for this place.\\nBy good great fortune, one of the half galleys was wrecked coming out. The\\nfleet sailed for St. Augustine, in Florida.\\nCaptain Hamer, the latter end of May, called here for intelligence. I ac-\\nquainted him that the succours were expected, and sent him a Spanish pilot to\\nshew him where to meet with them. He met with ten sail, which had been di-\\nvided from the fleet by storm; but having lost 18 men in action against them,\\ninstead of coming here for the defence of this place, he stood again for Charles-\\ntown to repair, and I having certain advices of the arrival of the Spanish fleet at\\nSt. Augustine, wrote to the commander of H. M. ships at Charlestown to come to\\nour assistance. I sent Lieutenant Maxwell, who arrived there and delivered the\\nletters on the 12th of June, and afterwards Lieutenant Mackay, who arrived and\\ndelivered letters on the 20th of June. Lieutenant-Colonel Cook, who was then at\\nCharlestown, and was Engineer, hastened to England; and his son-in-law, En-\\nsign Eyre, Sub-engineer, was also in Charlestown, and did not arrive here un-\\ntil the action was over; so for want of help, I myself was obliged to do the duty\\nof an engineer.\\nThe Havannah fleet being joined by that of Florida, compose 51 sail, with\\nlandmen on board, a list of whom is annexed. They were separated, and I re-", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0519.jp2"}, "516": {"fulltext": "464 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nceived advices from Captain Dunbar, who lay at Fort William with the guard\\nschooner of 1 4 guns and 90 men, (hat a Spanish fleet of fourteen sail had at-\\ntempted to come in there but being drove out by the cannon of the fort and\\nschooner, they came in on Cumberland. I followed on myself, and was at-\\ntacked in the Sound by fourteen sail, but with two boats fought my way through.\\nLieutenant Folson, who was to have supported me with the third and strongest\\nboat, quitted me in the fight, and run into a river, where he hid himself until\\nnext day, when he returned to St. Simon s with an account that I was lost; but\\nsoon after found that I had arrived there before him. For which misbehaviour I\\nput him in arrest, and ordered him to be tried.\\nThe enemy in this action suffered so much, that the day after they run to sea,\\nand returned to St. Augustine, and did not join their great fleet till after their\\ngrenadiers were beat by land.\\nI drew the garrison from St. Andrew s, reinforced Fort William, and returned\\nto St. Simon s with the schooner.\\nAnother Spanish fleet appeared on the 28th off the bar. By God s blessing,\\nupon several occasions taken, I delayed their coming in until the 5th of July. I\\nraised another troop of Rangers, which, with the other, were of great service. I\\ntook Captain Thompson s ship into the service for defence of the harbour. I\\nembargoed all the vessels, taking their men for the service, and gave large\\ngifts and promises to the Indians, so that every day we increased in number. I\\ngave high rewards to them who distinguished themselves upon any service.\\nFreed the servants brought down by the Highland company, and a company of\\nboatmen filled up as far as we had guns.\\nAll the vessels being thus prepared, on the 5th of July, with a leading gale\\nand spring tide, 36 sail of Spanish vessels run into the harbour in line of battle.\\nWe cannonaded them very boldly from the shipping and batteries; they twice\\nattempted to board Captain Thompson s ship, but were repulsed; they also at-\\ntempted to board the schooner, but were repulsed by Captain Dunbar, with a de-\\ntachment of the regiment on board. I was with the Indian Rangers and bat-\\nteries, and sometimes on board the ship, and left Major Heron with the regiment.\\nIt being impossible for me to do my duty as General, and be constantly with the\\nregiment; therefore it was absolutely necessary for his Majesty s service to have\\na Lieutenant-Colonel present, which I was fully convinced of by this day s expe-\\nrience. I therefore appointed Major Heron to be Lieutenant-Colonel, and hope\\nyour Grace will move his Majesty to approve the same.\\nThe Spaniards, after an obstinate engagement of four hours, in which they\\nlost abundance of men, passed all of our batteries and shipping, and got out ot\\nshot of them towards Frederica.\\nOur guard sloop was disabled and sunk. One of our batteries blown up, and\\nalso some of our men on board Captain Thompson s. Upon which I called a\\ncouncil of war at the head of the regiment, when it was unanimously resolved to\\nmarch to Frederica to get there before the enemy, and defend that place; to\\ndestroy all the provisions, vessels, and artillery at St. Simon s, that they might\\nnot fall into the enemies hands. This was accordingly executed, having first\\ndrawn all the men on shore which had defended the shipping. I myself staid\\nuntil the last, and the wind coming fortunately about, I got Captain Thompson s", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0520.jp2"}, "517": {"fulltext": "GLYNN COUNTY. 4^5\\nship and guard schooner, and our prize ship to sea, and sent them to Charlestown\\nThis I did in the face and in spit e of 36 sail of the enemy. As for the rest of the\\nvessels, I could not save them, therefore was obliged to destroy them I must re-\\ncommend to his Majesty those who are sufferers thereby, since their loss was in\\na great measure, the preserving the Province. We arrived at Frederica, and the\\nenemy at St. Simon s.\\nOn the 7th, a party of theirs marched towards the town; our Ran-ers dis-\\ncovered them, and brought an account of their march; on which I advanced\\nwith a party ot Indians, Rangers, and the Highland company, ordering the\\n-egiment to follow. Being resolved to engage them in the defiles of the woods\\njefore they could get out and form in the open ground, I charged them at\\nthe head of our Indians, Highlandmen and Rangers, and God was pleased to\\ngive us such success that we entirely routed the first party, took one Captain\\nprisoner, and killed another, and pursued them two miles to an open meadow or\\nsavanna, upon the edge of winch I posted three platoons of the regiment and\\nthe company of Highland foot, so as to be covered by the woods from the\\nenemy, who were obliged to pass through the meadow under our fire. This dis\\nposition was very fortunate. Captain Antonio Barba, and two other Captains\\nwith 100 Grenadiers and 200 foot, besides Indians and negroes, advanced from\\nthe Spanish camp into the savanna with huzzas, and fired with great spirit-\\nbut not seeing our men by reason of the woods, none of their shot took place\\nbut ours did. Some platoons of ours in the heat of the fight, the air being\\ndarkened with the smoke, and a shower of rain falling, retired in disorder I\\nhearing the firing, rode towards it, and at near two miles from the place of action\\nmet a great many men in disorder, who told us that ours were routed, and Lieu-\\ntenant Sutherland killed. I ordered them to halt, and march back against! the\\nenemy, which orders Captain Demere and Ensign Gibbon obeyed; but another\\nofficer did not, but made the best of his way into the town. As I heard the fire\\ncontinue, I concluded ours could not be quite beaten, and that my immediate as-\\nsistance might preserve them therefore spurred on, and arrived just as the fire\\nwas done. I found the Spaniards entirely routed by one platoon of the regi-\\nment under the command of Lieutenant Sutherland, and the Highland com-\\npany under the command of Lieutenant Charles Mackay. An officer. Captain\\nDon Antonio Barba, was taken prisoner, but desperately wounded. Two others\\nwere made prisoners, and a great many left dead upon the spot. Lieutenant\\nSutherland, Lieutenant Charles Mackay, and Sergeant Stewart having distin-\\nguished themselves upon the occasion, I appointed Lieutenant Sutherland^Brio-ade-\\nMajor, and Sergeant Stewart Second Ensign. Captain Demere and Ensign Gib-\\nbon being arrived with the men they had rallied, Lieutenant Codo-an, with an\\nadvance party of the regiment, and soon after the whole regiment,\u00c2\u00b0Indians and\\nRangers, I marched down to a causeway over a marsh very near the Spanish\\ncamp, over which all were obliged now to pass, and thereby stopped those who\\nhad been dispersed in the flight in the savanna from getting to the Spanish\\ncamp. Having passed the night there, the Indian scouts in the morning ad-\\nvanced to the Spanish camp, and discovered they were all retired into the ruins\\nof the forts, and were making intrenchments under shelter of the cannon of the-\\nships; they guessed them to be about 4,000 men.\\n30", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0521.jp2"}, "518": {"fulltext": "466 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OP GEORGIA.\\nI thought it imprudent to attack them, defended by cannon, with so small a\\nnumber, but marched baok to Frederica to refresh the soldiery and sent out par-\\nties of Indians and Rangers to harass the enemy. I also ordered into arrest the\\nofficers who commanded the platoons that retired.\\nI appointed a General Staff: Lieutenant Hugh Maxwell and Lieutenant Max-\\nwell. Aids-de-Camp and Lieutenant Sutherland, Brigade Major.\\nOn the 11th of July, the great galley and two little ones came up the river\\ntowards the town. We fired at them with the few guns we had so warmly, that\\nthey retired, and I followed them with boats till they got under the cannon of\\ntheir ships which lay in the sound.\\nWe received intelligence from the Spanish camp that they lost four captains and\\nupwards of two hundred men in the last action, besides agreat many killed in the\\nsea-fight, and several killed in the night by the Indians, even within or near the\\ncamp; and that they had held a council of war, in which there were great divi-\\nsions, insomuch that the forces of Cuba were separated from those of St. Augustine;\\nand the Italic Regiment of dragoons separated from them both, at a dis-\\ntance from the rest, near the woods, and that there was a general terror amongst\\nthem. Upon which I was resolved to beat up their quarters in the night; and\\nmarching down with the greatest body of men I could make, I halted within a\\nmile and a half of their camp, to form, intending to leave the troops there till\\nI had well reconnoitered the enemy s disposition.\\nA Frenchman, who without my knowledge was come down amongst the In-\\ndians, fired his gun and deserted.\\nOur Indians in vain pursued, and could not take him.\\nUpon this, concluding we were discovered, I divided the drums in different\\nparts, and beat the grenadier march for about half of an hour then ceased, and\\nwe marched back in silence.\\nThe next day I prevailed with a prisoner, and gave him a sum of money to\\ncarry a letter privately and deliver it to that Frenchman who had deserted. This\\nletter was wrote in French, as if from a friend of his, telling him he had received\\nthe money, that he should strive to make the Spaniards believe the English were\\nweak that he should undertake to pilot up their boats and galleys, and then\\nbring them under the woods, where he knew the hidden batteries were that if he\\ncould bring that about, he should have double the reward he had already received.\\nThe Spanish prisoner got into their camp, and was immediately carried before\\nthe General De Montiano. He was also asked how he escaped, and whether\\nhe had any letters; but denying his having any, was strictly searched, and the\\nletter found; and he, upon being pardoned, confessed that he had received money\\nto deliver it to the Frenchman, for the letter was not directed. The Frenchman\\ndenied his knowing anything of the contents of the letter, or having received any\\nmoney or correspondence with me; notwithstanding which, a council of war\\nwas held, and they deemed the Frenchman to be a double spy; but General\\nMontiano would not suffer him to be executed, having been employed by him;\\nhowever, he embarked all their troops, and halted under Jekyl; they also con-\\nfined all the French on board, and embarked with such precipitation that they\\nleft behind them cannon, and those dead of their wounds unburied.\\nThe Cuba squadron stood out to sea, to the number of twenty sail. General", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0522.jp2"}, "519": {"fulltext": "GLYNN COUNTY. 457\\nMontiano, with the Augustine squadron, returned to Cumberland Sound bavin-\\nburnt Captain Horton s bouses on Jekyl. I, with our boats, followed him I dis\u00c2\u00b0-\\ncovered a great many sail under Fort St. Andrew s, of which eight appeared\\nplain; but being too strong for me to attack, I sent the scout-boats back\\nI went with my own cutter and landed a man on Cumberland, who carried a\\nletter from me to Lieutenant Stewart, at Fort William, with orders to defend\\nhimself to the last extremity. Having discovered our boats, and believing we\\nhad landed Indians in the night, they set sail with great haste, insomuclAhat\\nnot having tune to embark, they killed forty horses which they had taken there\\nand burnt the houses. The galleys and small craft, to the number of fifteen\\nwent through the inland water passages.\\nThey attempted to land near Fort William, but were repulsed by the Ran -ere\\nThey (hen attacked it with cannon and small arms, from the water for three\\nhours, but the place was so bravely defended by Lieutenant Alexander Stewart\\nthat they were repulsed, and run out to sea, whither twelve other sail of Spanish\\nvessels had lam at anchor without the bar during the attack, without stirring-\\nbut the galleys being chased out, they hoisted all the sail they could, and stood\\nto the southward. I followed them with the boats to Fort William, and from\\nthence sent out the Rangers and some boats, who followed them to St John-\\nbut they went off rowing and sailing to St. Augustine.\\nAfter the news of their defeat arrived in Charlestown, the men-of-war and a\\nnumber of Carolina people raised in a hurry, set out and came off the bar After\\nthe Spaniards had been chased quite out of this colony, the Carolina vessels\\nwere dismissed, and Captain Hardy, in his letters, promised to cruise off St\\nAugustine. We have returned thanks to God for our deliverance I have set\\nall the hands I could promptly to work upon the fortifications; and have sent to\\nthe northward to raise men ready to form another battalion against his Majesty s\\norders shall arrive for that purpose. I have retained Thompson s vessel have sent\\nfor cannon shot, for provisions, and all kinds of stores; since I expect the enemy\\nwho though greatly terrified, lost but few men in comparison to their -reai\\nnumber, as soon as they have recovered from fright, will attack us with more\\ncaution and better discipline.\\nI hope his Majesty will approve the measures I have taken: and I must entreat\\nyour Grace to lay my humble request before his Majesty that he would be gra\\nciously pleased to order troops, artillery, and other necessaries sufficient for the\\ndefence of this frontier and the neighbouring provinces, or give such directions as\\nhis Majesty shall think proper; and I do not doubt but with a moderate sup\\nport not only to defend these provinces, but also to dislodge the enemy from St\\nAugustine, if I had but the same number they had in the expedition.\\n1 JJ 6 Ve iS i fT a i etter Written General Oglethorpe, July 30\\n1 742, addressed to the Duke of Newcastle. J\\nTn this section of the State a gallant action was performed by the\\nAmerican troops during the Revolution, the particulars of which are\\nthus given by Colonel Elbert in a letter to Major-General Howe!\\nlaled Jbredenca, April 19, 1778:", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0523.jp2"}, "520": {"fulltext": "468 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nDear General I have the happiness to inform you, that, about ten o clock\\nthis forenoon, the brigantine Hinchinbrooke, the sloop Rebecca, and a prize brig,\\nall struck the British tyrant s colours, and surrendered to the American arms.\\nHaving received intelligence that the above vessels were at this place, I put\\nabout three hundred men, by detachment, from the troops under m} 7 command, at\\nFort Howe, on board the three galleys, the Washington, Captain Hardy, the\\nLee, Captain Btaddock, and the Bulloch, Captain Hatcher, and a detachment\\nof artillery, with two field-pieces, under Captain Young, I put on board a boat.\\nWith this little army, we embarked at Darien, and last evening effected a\\nlanding at a bluff about a mile below the town, leaving Colonel White on board\\nthe Lee, Captain Melvin on board the Washington, and Lieutenant Petty on\\nboard the Bulloch. Immediately on landing, I dispatched Lieutenant-Colonel\\nRay and Major Roberts, with about one hundred men, who directly marched up\\nto the town, and made prisoners three marines and two sailors belonging to the\\nHinchinbrooke. It being late, the galleys did not engage until this morning.\\nYou must imagine what my feelings were to see our three little men-of-war going\\non to the attack of these three large vessels, who have spread terror upon our\\ncoasts, and who were drawn up in order of battle but the weight of our metal\\nsoon damped the courage of these heroes, who took to their boats, and as many\\nas could abandoned the vessels, with everything on board, of which we im-\\nmediately took possession. What is extraordinary, we have not one .man hurt.\\nCaptain Ellis, of the Hinchinbrooke, and Captain M., of the Rebecca, made their\\nescape. As soon as I see Colonel White, who has not yet come to us with his\\nprizes, I shall consult with him. I send you this by Brigade-Major John Haber-\\nsham, who will inform you of other particulars.\\nSamuel Elbert, L. C.\\nThe following was related to the compiler by the late Hon. Thomas\\nSpalding\\nIn 1788, the Creek Indians overran the country, from the Alatamaha to the St.\\nMary s. Captain John Burnett lived at this time at the head of Turtle River,\\nwith his family and slaves, attending to large stocks of cattle. All the people had\\nfled from the main to the islands. Going out one day with his son, the late Colo-\\nnel Burnett, he discovered Indians at some distance with rifles. John, said\\nthe old man, let us charge on them. Father, 7 replied his son, do not charge\\non them; there are more Indians behind the log. He did, however, charge,\\nand las son followed him. When they had reached within a few yards of the\\nlog, ten Indians rose up. and discharged their pieces at the old man. He received\\nseveral wounds, one of which, in the ear, finally proved mortal. With the aid\\nof his son and a black boy, he was able to reach his house. About two weeks\\nafterwards, one hundred Indians, in the dead of night, came into his inclosure,\\nhaving killed a negro who stood sentinel at the gate. They attempted to fire the\\nhouse, in which there were five or six males and two females. Repeated efforts\\nwere made by the savages to force the doors but those within were upon the\\nalert, and continued firing upon them for four hours. The eldest daughter of\\nCaptain Burnett, assisted by her younger sister, loaded the muskets below, and", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0524.jp2"}, "521": {"fulltext": "GLYNN COUNTY. 469\\nhanded them, through the scuttle, to their brothers above. The firing was heard at\\nSt. Simon s Island, many of the inhabitants of which came to the beach to listen\\nto it and as soon as daylight came, thirty men collected, and proceeded to Mr.\\nBurnett s. Upon their arrival, they found that, within the house, one negro had\\nbeen killed. Mr. Moses Burnett received three wounds, and all of his negroes\\nwere carried away by the Indians.\\nJohn Cotjper, Esq., died in this county. He was born at Loch-\\nwinnoch, Renfrewshire, Scotland, on the 9th of March, 1759, and\\nwas the third son of the Rev. John Couper, clergyman of that parish.\\nHis eldest brother, the Rev. James Couper, was for more than a\\nquarter of a century Regius Professor of Astronomy in the Univer-\\nsity of Glasgow and his second brother, Mr. William Couper, a dis-\\ntinguished surgeon of that city, was, with Mr. Tennant, the inventor\\nof the chloride of lime, which, as a bleaching material, has exercised\\na most important effect on textile fabrics. Mr. Couper emigrated to\\nGeorgia at the early age of sixteen, and arrived in Savannah, during\\nthe autumn of 1775, as a clerk to the house of Lundy Co.\\nOn the breaking out of the Revolution, he retired with his em-\\nployers to Florida, where he remained until the peace of 1783, when\\nhe removed to Liberty County, where, in the year 1792, he married\\na daughter of Colonel James Maxwell. The death of Mrs. Couper\\npreceded his own only a short time, after a union of more than fifty\\nyears. The talents and integrity of Mr. Couper at once gave him a\\nleading influence in society and soon after his removal to Glynn\\nCounty, that influence was successfully exercised against the Yazoo\\nfraud, of which he was an indignant opponent, and which, as\\none of the members of the Legislature of 1796, he aided in de-\\nfeating.\\nIn 1798, Mr. Couper represented Glynn County in the Convention\\nthat framed the Constitution of Georgia and at the time of his death,\\nhimself and his friend, Mr. Spalding of Sapelo Island, were the only\\nsurvivors of that body.\\nHaving embarked very extensively in the cultivation of Sea-Island\\ncotton, Mr. Couper, at an early period, withdrew himself from poli-\\ntics, and during the remainder of a long life, devoted himself to the\\ndischarge of the duties of a private gentleman. In making this selec-\\ntion, his talents and character were, probably, more valuable to the\\ncommunity than if he had adopted a career of more notoriety, but of\\nless practical utility.\\nLiving in a style of refined and most liberal hospitality, generous\\nand enlarged in all his views, his example exercised an elevating in-\\nfluence on all around him. For many years one of the largest pro-\\nprietors in the State, his system of treatment of his slaves, which was\\nin accordance with his humane and just feelings, produced a happy\\neffect on those around him, and has continued to influence the condi-\\ntion of that class of persons throughout the sea-board.\\nMr. Couper possessed a conversational talent equalled by few and", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0525.jp2"}, "522": {"fulltext": "470 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nhaving been endowed with a tenacious memory, his reminiscences of\\nthe early history of Georgia were highly interesting.\\nThe memoir of Captain Rory Mcintosh, (who may, from his eleva-\\ntion and purity of character, his romantic courage, and his madness\\non some points, justly be called the Quixote of Georgia,) which\\nis annexed, will induce the reader to regret that more of his re-\\ncollections have not been permanently recorded. Mr. Couper died\\nin March, 1850, having just completed his ninety -first year.\\nReminiscences of Captain Roderick McIntosh, contained in a letter writ-\\nten by John Couper, Esq., at the age of eighty-three, and addressed to a\\ngentleman of Georgia.\\nSt. Simon s, IQih April, 1842.\\nDear Sir Believing it would be acceptable to you to know some\\nparticulars respecting that singular kinsman of yours, Captain Roder\\nick McIntosh, of Mallow, I sit down at the age of eighty-three to\\ngive you my reminiscences. After the lapse of more than half a cen-\\ntury, recollections are not to be depended on yet, as my acquaintance\\nwith him was principally between 1777 and 1781, when I was from\\neighteen to twenty-three years of age, and at which time I was\\nstrongly impressed with his character, my recollections of him are\\nmore vivid than of events of more recent date.\\nOf the time of Rory s emigration to America, and the relation in\\nwhich he stood to Captain John Mcintosh, the head of the clan in\\nGeorgia, I know nothing. That he was at the battle of Musa, in\\nFlorida, I learned from hearing him say to an officer in St. Augus-\\ntine, I am a scoundrel, sir at Musa, a Captain of Spanish Grena-\\ndiers was charging at the head of his company, and, like a vermint,\\nsir, I lay in the bushes, and shot the gallant fellow.\\nIt was my understanding that Rory, until he left the Highlands for\\nAmerica, had been strongly in favour of the Stuart family, an attach-\\nmeiil that continued to the end of his life.\\nMy first recollections of Rory are on his arrival in St. Augustine, in\\n1777. His loyal character was well known. On parade, some of the\\nofficers congratulated him on having made his escape from the rebels.\\nMy escape, sir No I despised them too much to run away, but\\nsent them a message that I should leave Mallow for East Florida at\\ntwelve o clock on the day of and to come and stop\\nme if they dared. Rory, and his ancient maiden sister, Winnifred,\\nresided together at Mallow. I don t recollect that she came to St.\\nAugustine, and rather think that she remained at Mallow, and died\\nthere. I am of opinion that he was only distantly related to Captain\\nJohn Mcintosh.\\nTo elucidate my stories, I must introduce myself clerk to a Mr.\\nArchibald Lundy, in St. Augustine a gentleman of a most generous\\nand hospitable disposition. He invited Mr. Rory Mcintosh to reside\\nwith him. At that time I was particularly fond of shooting birds.\\nMy young friend, said Rory to me, I see yoa are a sportsman,", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0526.jp2"}, "523": {"fulltext": "GLYNN COUNTY. 471\\nand I love you for it. He often told me of shooting on Blackbeard\\nIsland, where the ducks and geese were so numerous on a frosty\\nmorning, that we could hardly hear each other speaking.\\nHaving now introduced Captain Roderick Mcintosh and myself, I\\nshall proceed to relate some anecdotes\\nIn 1777, he must have been about sixty-five years of age, about\\nsix feet in height, strongly built, white, frizzled, bushy hair, and large\\nwhiskers, (then uncommon,) frizzled fiercely out, a ruddy, Mcintosh\\ncomplexion, handsome, large and muscular limbs. In walking, or\\nrather striding, his step must have been four feet. I have seen him\\nwalking along, and a small man trotting by him. One of his shoul-\\nders was rather depressed, the effect of an inglorious wound re-\\nceived from a slave.\\nI think I now see his manly figure, strutting before a battalion of\\nBritish troops on parade, and receiving the most pointed attention\\nfrom the officers.\\nRory was not wealthy a few negroes, and a large stock of cattle\\nat Mallow, made him comfortable. Hunting was his business and\\namusement, and in those days supplied a bountiful table. While the\\nSpaniards held East Florida before 17G3, lie had carried there a drove\\nof cattle, and received payment in dollars, which he put in a canvass\\nbag behind him on his horse. In returning home, and near Mallow\\nthe roads were then hog-paths the canvass gave way, and a part of\\nthe dollars fell out. He secured such as were left, without looking after\\nthose which had dropped. Some years after, being in want of money,\\nhe recollected his loss, went to the place, picked up as many dollars\\nas he wanted, and returned home. It is said that he more than once\\nhad the same resource.\\nHe was fond of dogs, and besides hounds, had some setters one in\\nparticular, Luath, which he had taught to take his back scent. He\\nlaid a considerable bet that he would hide a doubloon at three miles\\ndistance, and that Luath would find it. Luath went off on his trail,\\nand returned panting, his tongue out but no doubloon. Treason\\ncries Rory, and off he and Luath went. The log was turned over,\\nand the dog had scratched under it a man appeared at some distance\\nsplitting rails. Without ceremony, Rory drew his dirk, and swore\\nthat he would put him to instant death unless he returned the money.\\nThe man gave it up, saying that he had seen Mr. Mcintosh put some-\\nthing under the log, and on examining, had found the gold. Rory\\ntossed him back the money. Take it, said he, vile caitiff. It\\nwas not the pelf, but the honour of my dog I cared for.\\nSome time before the Revolution, Rory and his kinsman, Colonel\\nWilliam Mcintosh, went on horseback to Charleston. About Jack-\\nsonborough, they stopped some days their landlord had a handsome\\ndaughter. Rory fell in love, and called the Colonel out, saying, My\\nkinsman, I am in love with the young maiden in the house, and you\\nmust ask her father for his daughter. The Colonel foresaw trouble,\\nbut complied. The landlord politely thanked Mr. Mcintosh for the\\nhonour that he did him, but said that his daughter was engaged to a", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0527.jp2"}, "524": {"fulltext": "472 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nyoung man in the neighbourhood. No matter, says Rory, I will\\nhave her. The Colonel remonstrated. Rory persisted, saying, I\\nwill beat him and spit on her intended. But why says the Colo-\\nnel, he has not injured you. No matter, says Rory, he is my\\nrival, and I will disgrace him. With much difficulty, the Colonel got\\nRory to proceed on their journey.\\nRory seldom had money. Upon extra occasions, Cowper Tel-\\nfair, in Savannah, were his bankers. Mr. Cowper was his particular\\nfriend. Before the Revolution, Rory came to Savannah on his way\\nto Charleston, and applied for money to bear his expenses. Mr. Cow-\\nper saw that something extraordinary agitated him, and with difficul-\\nty got the secret. That reptile in Charleston, Gadsden, has insult-\\ned my country, and I will put him to death. What has he done\\nsays Mr. Cowper. Why, says Rory, on being asked how he\\nmeant to fill up his wharf in Charleston, he replied, with imported\\nScotchmen, who were fit for nothing better. Mr. Cowper prevailed\\non him to return home.\\nA privateer ship of twenty guns was fitted out in St. Augustine, called\\nthe Toreyn, Captain Wade. Rory engaged twenty Loyalists from\\nMcintosh County, as mariners under him. A report reached Rory\\nthat he wanted prize-money, which he resented with great indigna-\\ntion, and made a deed to a Mr. Gordon s children of all he might be\\nentitled to. On crossing the bar, the ship struck Rory drew his\\ndirk on the pilot, and said he was bribed by the rebels. The ship\\ngot over, but took no prizes.\\nIn 1778, a part of the garrison under General Prevost marched by\\nland to join a force from New-York to attack Savannah. Rory ac-\\ncompanied them, and attached himself particularly to the light in-\\nfantry company (4th Battalion, 60th Regiment) commanded by Cap-\\ntain Murray. In their advance, a part of them beleaguered a small\\nfort at Sunbury, commanded by Captain (afterwards General) John\\nMcintosh. The British opened lines, in which Captain Murray s\\ncompany was placed. Early one morning, when Rory had made\\nrather free with the mountain dew, he insisted on sallying out to\\nsummon the fort to surrender. His friends could not restrain him, so\\nout he strutted, claymore in hand, followed by his faithful slave Jim,\\nand approached the fort, roaring out, Surrender, you miscreants\\nhow dare you presume to resist bis Majesty s arms Captain Mcin-\\ntosh knew him, and, seeing his situation, forbid any one firing, threw\\nopen the gate, and said, Walk in, Mr. Mcintosh, and take posses-\\nsion. No, said Rory, I will not trust myself among such ver-\\nmin but I order you to surrender. A rifle was fired, the ball from\\nwhich passed through his face, sideways, under his eyes. He stum-\\nbled, and fell backwards, but immediately recovered, and retreated\\nbackwards, flourishing his sword. Several dropping shots followed.\\nJim called out, Run, massa de kill you. Run! poor slave,\\nsays Rory. Thou mayest run, but I am of a race that never runs.\\nIn rising from the ground, Jim stated to me, his master, first putting\\nhis hand to one cheek, looked at his bloody hand, and then, raising it", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0528.jp2"}, "525": {"fulltext": "GLYNN COUNTY. 473\\nto the other, perceived it also covered with blood. Me backed safely\\ninto the lines.\\nWhen the French, under D Estaing, landed near Savannah, Rory\\nwas at Thunderbolt, with the family of Robert Baillie. The house\\nwas surrounded in the night. Rory dropped out of a back window,\\nand made his way into Savannah. What part he acted during the\\nsiege, I never heard but after the French were repulsed, a truce\\nwas arranged for the purpose of burying the dead, and several of the\\nofficers went out on the battle-ground, among them Rory, who strut-\\nted about, and said A glorious sight our enemies slain in\\nbattle\\nrecollect seeing, in St. Augustine, on some public day, Rory,\\nColonel Mc Arthur, and Major Small, Scotch officers, parading the\\nstreets in full Highland costume, attended by their pipers.\\nAfter Charleston fell, Rory went there from Savannah, by land,\\nparticularly to visit Major Small. On meeting, Rory said I have\\ntraversed, at the risk of my life, the rebellious Province of South Caro-\\nlina, to see my friend, the famous Major Small. Welcome wel-\\ncome the brave Roderick Mcintosh I have heard his Majesty\\nspeak with kindness and respect of Roderick Mcintosh. Spare\\nme oh, spare me said Rory, his Majesty is too good and the\\npair hugged each other. I can offer you, said Major Small, no\\ngreater mark of my respect, than by ordering my pipers to attend you\\nwhilst in Charleston.\\nThe 71st Regiment was then in Charleston. Sir ^Eneas Mcintosh,\\nthe chief of the border clan, was a captain in it. Sir ^Eneas was\\na slender, delicate gentleman, educated in France. Rory, who could\\nbrook no chief that was not a powerful man, was sadly disconcerted.\\nSir iEneas politely asked him to dine with him the next day on calf s\\nhead. Calf s head said Rory. I feed my negroes on calves\\nheads. Rory never afterwards noticed his chief, but observed that\\nhe was of a spurious race.\\nMajor Trail, of the British Artillery, was particularly attentive to\\nRory, and had him one day at dinner, when, no doubt, the company\\nwere well informed of his character. I visited Charleston about this\\ntime. A friend of mine, Captain James Wallace, with his family,\\nfrom St. Augustine, had removed to Charleston, and rented a house\\nin the suburbs, north of Governor s Bridge. I was there of an even-\\ning, when in came Rory, followed by his piper. I am come,\\nMadam, said he to Mrs. Wallace, who was from the Highlands, to\\ntake a cup of tea, and give you a taste of our country s music. I have\\njust come from dinner with Major Trail, where I spent a most happy\\nday. A toast w T as given which I had not heard for many years, and\\nwhich I drank with muckle glee. What was it said Mrs. Wal-\\nlace. The Young Gentleman, said Rory.\\nI had not met Rory since his residence in St. Augustine, and he\\nseemed pleased to see me. I was surprised, said he, at Thun-\\nderbolt by the French, and disgraced by dropping out of a window,\\nlike a raccoon, sir but, what grieves me, I left the dirk of my ances", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0529.jp2"}, "526": {"fulltext": "474 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\ntors behind me and do you see, sir this eye is set in darkness\\nby the hurt I got near Sunbury.\\nAt the close of the war in 1783, Rory s health was sadly impaired.\\nHe had been appointed Governor of Sunbury, with Captain s pay.\\nHe took passage on board the brigantine Ranger, Captain Stuart,\\nfrom St. Augustine to London during the voyage he was confined\\nto the cabin. The Ranger had been a privateer her guns had,\\nhowever, been landed, with the exception of four. On their passage,\\nthey fell in with a ship under American colours. Captain Stuart in-\\nformed Rory that she was bearing down on them. Oh, my friend,\\nsaid Rory, prepare for battle, don t believe that there is peace. His\\nMajesty would never make peace with rebels. Captain Stuart\\nwent on deck, made some bustle, and returned below, saying they\\nwere all prepared. Oh, said Rory, how it grieves me to lie\\nhere like a dog, when brave men are fighting\\nThe Ranger got safe to London but poor Roderick died on board\\nat Gravesend.\\nI forgot to mention some matters in due time but it is not yet too\\nlate. A gang of negroes had got arms, and had even built some kind\\nof a fort, above Savannah. Rory went with a party, attacked, and\\ntook them prisoners. In this skirmish, Rory received the inglori-\\nous wound in his shoulder. One of his party, after firing, stepped\\naside behind a tree. What do you do there asked Rory. To\\nload my musket. And can t you, like a brave man, load your\\nmusket in the road\\nA Creek Indian had committed a murder Rory went to demand\\nsatisfaction. The Indian, aware of his purpose, had assembled his\\nfriends to kill him. Rory, who also knew his danger, went boldly\\ninto the midst of the Indians, and seized the man with his drawn dirk\\nin his hand, which so intimidated the assembly that they agreed to\\ngive satisfaction. Another version of the story is, that Rory actually\\nkilled the Indian. I know both merely by report.\\nI was once in St. Augustine, when Rory was introduced to an\\nelderly Scotch gentleman, Mr. Morrison, who had just arrived. Rory\\naddressed him in Gaelic. Mr. Morrison lamented his ignorance. I\\npity you, said Rory, but you may be an honest man for all that.\\nRory did not like his namesakes in Georgia. He accused them of\\nattempting to deceive him at the beginning of the war, by saying\\nthat their design was to bring in the young gentleman to reign in\\nAmerica.\\nI am, my dear Sir,\\nYour most obedient servant,\\nJohn Couper.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0530.jp2"}, "527": {"fulltext": "GORDON COUNTY. 475\\nGORDON COUNTY.\\nLaid out from Floyd and Cass, in 1850. Bounded N. by Murray\\nand Whitefield, S. by Cass, W. by Floyd and Chattooga, and E. by\\nCherokee and Gilmer.\\nThe rivers are the Oostenaula, Coosawattee, and Connasauga.\\nThere are several creeks.\\nCalhoun is the county town, distant 22 miles from Spring Place,\\n20 from Dalton, 21 from Cassville, 26 from Rome, and 32 from Sum-\\nmerville. This town has increased with rapidity. Population, GOO.\\nResaca is five miles north of Calhoun.\\nFairmount is twelve miles east of Calhoun.\\nNew Echota is twelve miles east of Calhoun.\\nAmong the early settlers were, John B. Adams, D. G. King, A.\\nStroup, T. G. Phillips, U. Phillips, W. Ff. Bailey, 1 C. Kinman,\\nWm. Curtis, N Grant, James Shelnot, Joseph Wilson, H. S.\\nGardner, T. B. Shockley, M. Vandevier, D. Morrow, Jesse Swain,\\nO. C. Wyley, Martin Duke, Colonel Lawson, D. S. Law, James\\nW. Strange, George Stewart, Dr. Gideon, D. B. Barrette, Dr.\\nWall, James Longstreet, Colonel Adams, J. R. Knott, and others.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 861 families, 868.\\nWhite males, 2,646; white females, 2,510. Total free population,\\n5,156; slaves, 828. Deaths, 42. Farms, 419. Value of real estate\\n$813,935 value of personal estate, $165,205.\\nGordon County received its name from William Washington\\nGordon, who was born in Richmond County, in 1796. His father,\\nAmbrose Gordon, was a native of Maryland, and served as Lieutenant\\nof Cavalry under the command of Colonel William Washington, in\\nthe Revolutionary War, at the close of which he came to Georgia,\\nand settled in Augusta. At a very early age, he was left by his fa-\\nther under the care of his uncle, Ezekiel Gordon, then residing in\\nNew-Jersey. After remaining at school in Rhode Island for several\\nyears, he entered the Academy at West Point, where he was gradu-\\nated in 1815; and shortly afterwards was appointed aid to General\\nGaines.\\nBelieving that the legal profession afforded a better field for the\\nexercise of his talents, he resigned his commission, removed to Savan-\\nnah, and studied law with the Hon. James M. Wayne, now one of the\\nJudges of the Supreme Court of the United States. He practised\\nhis profession with great success until the early part of 1836, when\\nhe was elected President of the Central Railroad and Banking Com-\\npany of Georgia, the arduous duties of which he continued to discharge\\nuntil March, 1842, when he died in the city of Savannah, from a dis-\\nease produced by the exposure incidental to his office. The most", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0531.jp2"}, "528": {"fulltext": "476 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nprominent traits in Mr. Gordon s character were honesty and firmness\\nof purpose. He richly merited the inscription which the hand of\\nfriendship has placed upon his monument, now to be seen in the old\\ncemetery at Savannah.\\nThe first Superior Court for this county was held on the 12th of November,\\n1850. The Grand Jurors were,\\nAlexander Stroup, Foreman. S. T. King,\\nUriah Phillips, D. G. King,\\nJoseph L. Neel, Wm. J. Fuller,\\nB. Lowry, Dennis Miller,\\nM. Boaz, Alexander Stewart,\\nD. D. Roaney, B. Kiker, Sen.,\\nA. G. B. Vandiveu, H. McConnell,\\nD. Morrow, Wm. B. Chandler,\\nJames H. Burch, James Moore,\\nHenry H. Pitman, M. M. Douglass,\\nThomas Bird, Oliver C. Wyley.\\nIsrael P. Bowen,\\nAt New Echota, Schermerhorn s treaty was made. In 1832 it had 300 inhabit-\\nants. Several distinguished Cherokees resided here, viz,, Elijah Hicks, Boadenot,\\nand Alexander McCoy.\\nOothcologa was the residence of the Adairs. It was sparsely inhabited; but\\nthe Indians here lived better than in any other part of the nation.\\nSiloquoy, on the Tennessee road, was formerly occupied by the Thompsons, who\\nmarried natives. The British had an agency here during the Revolutionary\\nWar, conducted by John Waters.\\nOostenaula was a large town in 1791. The Indians of this town were exceed-\\ningly hostile to the Americans.\\nGREENE COUNTY.\\nLaid out from Washington, 1786. A part set off to Hancock,\\n1793 part to Oglethorpe, 1794 a part added to Clarke in 1802 a\\npart taken from Wilkes, and a part added to Clarke, 1802; a part\\nset off to Taliaferro in 1825. Named after Major-General Nathaniel\\nGreene. Length, 22 m. breadth, 17m.; area square miles, 374.\\nThe rivers are the Ogeechee, the Oconee, and Appallachee. The\\nfirst rises seven miles N. W*. of Greenesborough.\\nThere is much worn-out land in this county but it is confidently", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0532.jp2"}, "529": {"fulltext": "GREENE COUNTY.\\n477\\nbelieved that, by judicious management, it may be redeemed and it\\naffords us much pleasure to state, that many of the planters are\\nturning their attention to this subject.\\nThe earliest settlers of this county were, Thomas Harris, Thos.\\nHorton, Davis Gresham, Wm, Fitzpatrick, Henry Graybill,\\nOliver Porter, John Bailey, Charles Cessna, Thomas Baldwin,\\nM. Rabun, John George, Alexander Reid, Michael Rogers,\\nDavid Dickson, Walton Harris, Peyton Smith, E. E. Parks,\\nPeter Curtwright, G. W. Forster, John Amour, Major Poul-\\nlain, Jesse Perkins, Joel Newsome, James Armstrong, Major\\nBeasley.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 854 families,\\n854 white males, 2,420 white females, 2,324 free coloured\\nmales, 28 free coloured females, 30. Total free population, 4,802\\nslaves, 8,266. Deaths, 242. Farms, 512 manufacturing establish-\\nments, 47. Value of real estate, $1,800,000 value of personal estate,\\n$4,116,000.\\nFEMALE COLLEGE.\\nGreenesborough is the county site, forty miles from Milledgeville.\\nThe Greenesborough Female College is located here. It was\\nfounded by the Synod of Georgia, and opened January 2, 1852. The\\nbuilding, of which we give a representation, cost $13,000.\\nPenfield is the seat of Mercer University. In 1829, Mr. Josiah\\nPenfield bequeathed to the Baptist Convention of Georgia $2,500 to\\naid in the education of poor young men for the ministry. Other\\nfunds were obtained for the same object, and in January, 1833, a\\nLiterary and Theological Institution, with a department for manual\\nlabour, was established. In its progress, the character of the institu-\\ntion became elevated, and in 1838 it received a charter from the\\nLegislature, with the title of Mercer University.\\nBesides its valuable buildings, and an extensive tract of land, the\\nUniversity possesses funds to the amount of $138,200, for which it\\nis chiefly indebted to the liberality of the late Rev. Jesse Mercer", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0533.jp2"}, "530": {"fulltext": "478 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nThe library contains 2,000 volumes, and the philosophical and chemi-\\ncal apparatus continues to receive additions.\\nThe two literary societies have valuable libraries.\\nWhite Plains and Union Point are small places.\\nThe climate is mild, and as healthy as any portion of Middle\\nGeorgia. The following are some of the cases of longevity Wm.\\nHarris died at 100; A. Perkins, 94; Mr. Stewart, 90; Mr. Shaw,\\n87 Mrs. Elisabeth Daniel died on the 4th of October, 1819, at\\nthe age of 85.\\nMr. Alexander Gresiiam died on the 23d of February, 1823, aged\\n70. During the times which tried men s souls, he was an active\\nofficer. At the commencement of the last war with Great Britain,\\nwhen the Silver Greys, or old men, were tendering their services to\\ndefend their country, he was the first that offered. On the day o!\\nhis death he was uncommonly cheerful while sitting at dinner, ap-\\nplication was made to him for assistance by a distressed traveller,\\nwhose wagon and horses were stalled near the house. His servants\\nbeing all out of the way except one, he called on him to go, and\\nobserved he would go himself; and accordingly went and aided the\\nman up one hill, but in attempting to help him up another, having\\ntaken hold of the wheel, he made an exertion to start the wagon, let go,\\nand immediately sunk to his knees, and expired in about one minute.\\nThomas Fambrough died in the 80th year of his age. A paper\\nof the day says, There is no doubt that he was in nine as tough\\nbattles as were ever fought in the Revolution.\\nCaptain Joel Parish, who died at the advanced age of 73, was one\\nof the few remaining patriots of 76 who commanded a company of\\ninfantry during the Revolutionary War.\\nEzekiel E. Park, an old Revolutionary soldier, and respected\\ncitizen of Georgia, died in this county.\\nMrs. Mary Hobbs was living last year, 93 years of age. Her hus-\\nband, Robert Hobbs, was 90 at his death.\\nMrs. Catherine Freeman, the widow of Colonel John Freeman,\\nis living at Penfield, over b6 years of age.\\nMrs. Hogg, now living, is 90 years old.\\nGreenesborough Manufacturing Company. Situated at Greenes-\\nborough motive power, steam cost, $70,000 spindles, 4,000.\\nScull Shoals Manufacturing Company. Situated at Scull\\nShoals, on the Oconee River. Cost, $50,000. Spindles and looms,\\n2,000. Annual consumption of cotton, 4,000 bales. Annual value\\nof goods produced, at present prices, $200,000.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0534.jp2"}, "531": {"fulltext": "GREENE COUNTY.\\n479\\nCURTVVRIGHT MANUFACTURING COMPANY.\\nThis factory is situated at Long Shoals, on the Oconee River.\\nCost of property, 6140,000; spindles and looms, 4,000. The Com-\\npany owns an elegant stone bridge across the Oconee, with flouring\\nand saw mills, and a large tract of land.\\n3$ i 3 1 p 1 1 a ii i n d s\\nThis county suffered much from the Indians. Besides burning\\nGreenesborough, the savages committed many other acts of violence\\nOn the 31st May, 1787. a party of the Upper Creeks came to the frontiers of\\nGreene County, killed and scalped two men, and carried off a negro aiul four-\\nteen horses. Some of the militia crossed the Oconee in pursuit of the mur-\\nderers (Indians), overtook them, and killed twelve who happened to belong to\\nthe lower towns.\\nIn a talk, the Indians demanded the officer who commanded, and as many\\nmen as would satisfy them for the twelve. Governor Matthews, in his reply\\nsaid, We will deliver up none of our people, and if the Indians spill a drop of\\nblood, we will lay their towns in ashes, and sprinkle their land with blood.\\nJune, 1787. In this month the Creek Indians carried off a negro, the property\\nof Mr. Lang, and were closely pursued by Mr. McMichael and a lad, who\\nunfortunately fell in attempting to rescue the negro, and was scalped. Captain\\nAlexander, with a small party of volunteers, went in pursuit of the Indians, over-\\ntook, and killed six of them.\\nIn April, 1793, six persons, a man, a woman, three children, and a negro.\\nresiding near the Scull Shoals, on the Oconee River, were killed by the savages.\\nOn the 22d of April, 1793, the Indians, numbering thirty-seven, made a sudden\\nattack upon the house of Mr. Richard Thrasher. They killed Mr. Thrasher,\\ntwo children, and a negro woman. Mrs. Thrasher, to avoid, if possible, the fate\\nwith which she was threatened, fled with her infant, five or six weeks old, in\\nher arms, and reached the river. The savages pursued her, shot her through\\neach thigh and the right breast, stabbed her in the left breast with a knife, cut her", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0535.jp2"}, "532": {"fulltext": "480\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\narm nearly off, and then scalped her. In this dreadful situation she remained\\nuntil the neighbours could assemble in sufficient numbers to cross the river and\\npursue the Indians. As the first canoe was crossing, she had strength sufficient\\nto call for assistance. The poor woman was found hanging by a bush, in water\\nnearly up to her chin, her infant at the bottom of the river, a few yards from\\nher. She lived nearly twenty-four hours, and when informed by her physician\\nthat it was impossible for her to survive much longer, she, with a fortitude that\\nis rarely to be met with, called her friends around her, and in a calm manner\\ngave her hand to every one, wishing them a better fate than that which had be-\\nfallen her and her family. This lady was twenty-five years old, of highly re\\nspectable connections, handsome, and well educated.\\nIn September of this year, a young lady by the name of Catherine Cessna\\nwas cruelly murdered by these ruthless demons.\\nOn one occasion the Indians crossed the Oconee River, and came to the house\\nof Mr. Fielder, a celebrated scout and hunter, who happened at this time to be\\nabsent. Thirteen of them came into his lot, and were about to carry off his\\nhorses, when Mrs. Fielder and her negro woman, the only persons upon the pre-\\nmises, determined, if possible, to save the horses. As the negro woman was\\nmaking her way to the dwelling, she received a shot in the thigh and fell. Her\\nmistress immediately dragged her within the house, and barred the door, where-\\nupon the Indians attacked the house. Mrs. Fielder resolved at all hazards to\\ndefend herself; and there being four or five guns ready at hand, she fired upon\\nthe savages, the negro woman aiding her to load. To induce the foe to believe\\nthat there were many persons in the house, they made a great noise, shouting\\nand calling upon each other to fire. After discharging nearly twenty-five rounds,\\nthe Indians abandoned the attack, from an impression, as it was afterwards as-\\ncertained, that the building was filled with armed men.\\nExtract from a Muster- Roll of a Detachment of the Militia Troop of Dra-\\ngoons of the Greene County Regiment, under the command of Captain,\\nJonas Fauche, stationed at sundry posts, February 25, 1794.\\nNames. To whose District belonging.\\nJonas Fauche, Captain\\nPeyton Smith, Cornet\\nGeorge Phillips, Sergeant\\nWm. Browning,\\nCharles Harris, Corporal\\nJohn Young,\\nSamuel B. Harris, Trumpeter\\nWilliam Heard, Farrier\\nSamuel M. Devereaux, Gent, armes\\nJohn Harrison,\\nAbner Farmer,\\nI?aac Stocks,\\nSamuel Dale,\\nJosiah McDonald,\\nJesse Stand ifer,\\nCaptain Armor s.\\nCaptain Browning s.\\nu Taylor s.\\nArmor s.\\nTaylor s.\\nBeard s.\\nColumbia Ct.\\nCaptain Armor s.\\nCaptain Browning s.\\nCaptain Beard s.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0536.jp2"}, "533": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0537.jp2"}, "534": {"fulltext": "^^d-bjrlC^nttrefixnuDig^rreo-^\\n^^t^^TT^", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0538.jp2"}, "535": {"fulltext": "GREENE COUNTY.\\n481\\nNames.\\nWilliam Scott,\\nArthur Foster,\\nWilliam George,\\nJohn Capps,\\nMicajah Wall,\\nRobert Patrick.\\nJesse Jenkins,\\nCharles Watts,\\nTerrance Byron,\\nJoseph White,\\nJames McGuire,\\nRobert Finley,\\nWilliam Curry,\\nJoseph Shaw,\\nJohn Pinkerd,\\nLittle B. Jenkins,\\nPresly Watts,\\nTheodore Scott,\\nRobert Watson,\\nHenry Potts,\\nDennis Lynch,\\nSkelton Standifer,\\nJoseph Heard,\\nJames Moor,\\nHumphrey Gibsons,\\nRobert Grimatt,\\nGeorge Reid,\\nDuglas Watson,\\nGeorge Owen,\\nGent, armes.\\nTo whose District belonging\\nCaptain Browning s.\\nu\\nCaptain Armor s.\\nNorth Carolina.\\nCaptain Armor s.\\nu\\nCaptain Browning s.\\nu\\nCaptain Armor s.\\nis\\nCaptain Taylor s.\\nct\\nCaptain Armor s.\\nu\\nu\\nCaptain Browning s.\\na\\nVirginia.\\nCaptain Browning s.\\nCaptain Cameron s.\\nu\\nCaptain Beard s.\\nCaptain Browning s.\\na\\nElbert Ct.\\nCaptain Melton s.\\na\\nCaptain Browning s.\\nWilkes Ct.\\nPROMINENT PERSONS.\\nHon. William C. Dawson was bora in Greene County, Georgia, of\\nrespectable parentage. His academic course was first taken under the\\ndirection of the Rev. Dr. Cummins, and afterwards at the County\\nAcademy, in Greenesborough. At an early age he entered Franklin\\nCollege, and was graduated in 1816.\\nUpon leaving college, he immediately commenced the study of\\nlaw in the office of the Hon. Thomas W. Cobb, at Lexington and at\\nthe expiration of a year, he entered the Law School at Litchfield,\\nConnecticut, under the care of Judges Reeve and Gould. After\\ntaking a full course of lectures, he returned to Greenesborough, was ad-\\nmitted to the bar, and in a short time ranked very high in his profession.\\nIn 1821, he was elected Clerk of the House of Representatives of\\nthe State Legislature and it is a proof of his fidelity as an officer,\\nand his amiable character as a man, that through frequent changes of\\nparty supremacy, he filled, that office for ten or eleven consecutive years.\\n31", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0539.jp2"}, "536": {"fulltext": "482 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nIn 1828, he was appointed by the Legislature to compile the statutes\\nof Georgia, which duty he performed to the satisfaction of the Gene-\\nral Assembly and the legal profession. In 1845, he was appointed\\nby Governor Crawford to fill a vacancy on the bench of the Ocmulgee\\nCircuit. His patience, urbanity, and frankness, are remembered with\\npleasure by his cotemporaries.\\nIn 1834 and 1835, he was elected to the State Senate from the\\nCounty of Greene, and gave his efficient aid to promote all the great\\ninterests of Georgia.\\nIn 1836, he was elected, by general ticket, to Congress, being the\\nonly Whig returned, prevailing over a popular Democratic majority.\\nGeneral Coffee, a member of Congress from Georgia in 1836, having\\ndied, he was also elected to fill his unexpired term, and took his seat,\\nin the winter of that year, in the House of Representatives.\\nThe Creek and Seminole Indians in Florida, and on the line of\\nGeorgia, becoming hostile, in 1836, Judge Dawson raised a company\\nof volunteers, to the command of which he was elected, and, under\\nthe authority of the State Government, took the field. General Scott,\\nwho had at that time taken the conduct of the Florida war, gave him\\na separate command, and detailed him upon a special service, which\\nhe performed to the satisfaction of that gallant soldier.\\nHaving faithfully discharged the duties of his new post, he returned\\nhome.\\nHe was re-elected to Congress in 1838, and also in 1840. In 1841,\\nhe was nominated for Governor by the Whigs, and was beaten, on\\naccount, it is believed, of a vote which he had given, at the extra ses-\\nsion of Congress in 1841, to increase the duties on tea and coffee.\\nBelieving that his defeat was a disapproval of his course in Congress,\\nMr. Dawson resigned his seat in November, 1841. In the autumn\\nof 1847, he was elected to the Senate of the United States, of which\\nbody he is now a member. His character in Congress is that of a\\nvigilant, industrious man of business. He seldom speaks, and when\\nhe does, it is upon a question requiring action. Good sense and inde-\\npendence characterize his speeches.\\nIn the course of his Congressional career, he has been associated\\nwith the most important measures. Whilst a member of the House,\\nhe was chairman of the Military Committee, and also chairman of\\nthe Committee on Claims the latter, one of the most laborious and\\nuseful positions appertaining to the National Legislature. At the\\nopening of the XXVIth Congress, he was put in nomination for the\\nSpeaker s chair. Upon the first ballot he received a flattering vote\\nbut discovering that two of his colleagues had voted against him, he\\nrequested his name to be withdrawn.\\nAgainst the absurd theories, and indelicately selfish, not to say im-\\npudent demands of Kossuth, Mr. Dawson was the first to take\\nground.\\nHe is eminently social in his nature and habits. For harmless fun\\nand innocent frolic he has a keen relish and his associates cherish with\\nfond recollection his anecdotes, his pleasantry, and his practical jokes.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0540.jp2"}, "537": {"fulltext": "GWINNETT COUNTY. 483\\nDr. Francis Cummins died in this county. He was one of the\\noldest and most respectable Presbyterian ministers in the Southern\\nStates. He preached to his congregation for more than twenty-three\\nyears.\\nMajor Oliver Porter was four times elected Elector of President\\nand Vice-President, and frequently a member of the Legislature of\\nGeorgia.\\nColonel Jonas Fauche, in the early settlement of Greene, bore a\\nconspicuous part in the defence of the frontiers against the Creek In-\\ndians. He was a remarkable man in every respect.\\nCaptain Stokes was an active officer during the Indian wars.\\nGWINNETT COUNTY.\\nLaid out by the Lottery Act of 1 8 1 8 part taken from Jackson, 1818;\\npart set off to De Kalb, 1822 part of the ceded territory added, 1822.\\nNamed after the Hon. Button Gwinnett. Length, 29 m. breadth,\\n19m.; square miles, 551.\\nThe Chattahoochee is the principal stream. The head waters of\\nseveral of our rivers are in this county.\\nThe face of the country is hilly.\\nThe soil is various. Its productions are corn, cotton, c.\\nLawrenceville is the county town, 90 miles N. N. W. of Milledgeville.\\nLawrenceville Manufacturing Co., situated in Lawrenceville, has- a\\ncapital of $90,000. Building of granite, 200 feet by 50 four stories\\nhigh. Spindles, 3,050 looms, 36 operatives, 80. Connected with\\nthis establishment is a flouring and grist mill. The whole propelled\\nby steam.\\nThe public places are Auburn, Cains, Orrsville, Pinckneyville,\\nYellow River, Suwannee, Choice s Store.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 1,610; families,\\n1,610; white males, 4,499; white females, 4,454; free coloured\\nmales, 4 free coloured females, 6. Total free population, 8,963\\nslaves, 2,294. Deaths, 110. Farms, 1,036; manufacturing estab-\\nlishments, 26. Value of real estate, $977,693 value of personal\\nestate, $1,440,125.\\nThe climate is healthy. The examples of longevity are numerous,\\nviz. Daniel Clover, 87 John Lawrence, 85 Stephen Harris,\\n90 Jonathan Johnson, 80 Lewis Dishons, 80 Owen Andrews,\\n90; Edward Jackson, 87; Sarah Hunt, 81 Mrs. Shaddock, 100;\\nMr. Hunt, 100; George Wilson, 100; John Davis, 110; George\\nThrasher, 93. The list might be enlarged, but space will not allow.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0541.jp2"}, "538": {"fulltext": "484 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nSBimlUntno.\\nWe extract from the Columbus Enquirer the following account of\\na meeting held at Lawrenceville, for the purpose of doing honour to\\nthe memory of volunteers who were cruelly shot at Goliad, in Texas,\\nand also of those who were killed in the battle at Shepherd s Planta-\\ntion, in Stewart County, Georgia\\nAt a meeting of a portion of the citizens of Gwinnett County, the Committee\\nappointed at a previous meeting for that purpose made the following report\\nThe Committee appointed for that purpose, beg leave to report that they ap-\\npointed Captain H. Garmany, Ensign M. T. Hamilton, and Privates Thomas\\nHunt and Elias Greene, to bring the remains of Ensign J. S. Lacy, Orderly Ser-\\ngeant James C. Martin, and Privates J. A. V. Tate, Robert T. Holland, James H.\\nHolland, James M. Allen, Henry W. Peden, and William M. Sims, who fell in\\nthe battle of Shepherd s Plantation, and who belonged to Captain Garmany s\\nCompany that the remains have been carefully disinterred, placed in coffins and\\nboxes, have been brought to this place, and are now in a room in the Court-\\nhouse, ready for interment.\\nYour Committee respectfully recommend that they be interred near the north-\\nwest corner of the Court-house yard, and that a suitable monument be erected to\\ncommemorate them for their gallantry and bravery. To this end, your Commit-\\ntee recommend the adoption of the following resolution\\nResolved, That the remains of the said deceased be interred on Friday the 17th\\ninst., in the northwest corner of the Court-house yard, at the hour of 1 o clock,\\nP. M., with military honours, and that a suitable monument be erected in a con-\\nvenient time to their memory.\\nAfter this report was read, Colonel N. L. Hutchins offered the following as an\\namendment to the report, c:\\nAnd whereas, our townsman, Captain James C. Winn, at the first call to arms,\\nflew to the assistance of the Texians, who were warring for liberty and inde-\\npendence against their oppressors, and his early companion, Anthony Bates, who\\nwent with him to share his perils, fight in the same holy cause, and to suffer\\nthe same sad fate, were both inhumanly butchered in cold blood, in Fannin s de-\\nvoted band\\nAnd whereas, by their bravery and devotion to the cause they had espoused,\\nthe first was promoted to a Captain, and the latter to Orderly, in a very short\\ntime after they entered the service, and served with honour to themselves and\\nusefulness to the cause, until they were taken, bravely fighting, and in cold\\nblood butchered by a savage band of Mexicans, by order of their still more sav-\\nage commander Therefore,\\nResolved. That Captain James C. Winn, and Orderly Sergeant Anthony Bates,\\nshare the honours bestowed on our other lamented volunteers, and that their names,\\nwith suitable inscriptions, be engraved upon the monument to be erected in the\\npublic square.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0542.jp2"}, "539": {"fulltext": "GWINNETT COUNTV. 485\\nWhich amendment was adopted; and then both preamble and resolution were\\nunanimously adopted.\\nOn motion of Colonel N. L. Hutchins, a committee, consisting of himself, Cap-\\ntain H. Garmany, Lieutenant M. T. Hamilton, T. W. Alexander, Colonel H. P.\\nThomas, A. R. Smith, J. B. Trippe, Esq., John S. Wilson, Wm. Montgomery,\\nand Captain George E-eid, were appointed to take order for the interment.\\nAnd on motion of T. W. Alexander, a committee, consisting of himself, J. W.\\nThompson, M. Crawford and William Gordon, was appointed to prepare a vault\\nfor this purpose.\\nThe meeting then adjourned, to meet at 10 o clock on Friday, the 17th ult.\\nThe Committee appointed for that purpose beg leave to report the following\\norder for the interment of the remains of Ensign Lacy, Orderly Martin, Privates\\nTate, R. T. Holland, J. H. Holland, Allen, Peden and Sims, and in honour of\\nCaptain Winn and Orderly Bates.\\nOrder for Interment. The procession will form in front of Dr. Hall s, in the\\nfollowing order: 1st. The Committee of Arrangements. 2d. Pall-bearers.\\n3d. Relatives of the dead as mourners. 4th. The clergy. 5th. The military.\\n6th. The judges and officers of courts. 7th. The corporate authorities of the\\ntown. 8th. The citizens.\\nThe procession to march around the public square, and enter the inclosure at\\nthe east side.\\nThe pall-bearers, under direction of the Committee of Arrangements, to re-\\nceive the remains at the east door of the Court-house, and proceed to the vault.\\nThe remains to be deposited, the Committee to take station on the right, the\\npall-bearers on the left, and the mourners and clergy on the west side of the\\nvault, the military to approach the east end of the vault.\\nThe military to be formed and ordered by Captain Garmany into platoons.\\nThe rounds fired in honour of each, as follows, (to wit): 1st. Captain Winn.\\n2d. Ensign Lacy. 3d. Orderlies Martin and Bates. Privates Tate, R. T. Hol-\\nland, J. H. Holland, Allen and Sims.\\nThe vault to be filled and covered up. The procession will then disperse.\\nThe Committee recommend the appointment of a Marshal, with power to regu-\\nlate the procession, and have agreed upon Dr. Thomas W. Alexander as a suit-\\nable person.\\nOn the 17th of February, the remains were interred in conformity with the\\nabove arrangements. A large concourse of citizens attended to witness the\\nsolemn ceremonies. A suitable monument will be erected as soon as it can be\\ndone.\\nThe monument has been erected. It stands in the Court-house\\nSquare. On one side is this inscription This monument is erected\\nby their friends to the memory of Captain James C. Winn and Ser-\\ngeant Anthony Bates, Texan volunteers of this village, who were\\ntaken in honourable combat at Goliad, Texas, and shot by order of\\nthe Mexican commander, March 27th, 1830. On the other side,\\nTo the memory of Ensign Isaac Lacy, Sergeant James C. Mar-\\ntin, and Privates William M. Sims, John A. V. Tate, Robert T", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0543.jp2"}, "540": {"fulltext": "486 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nHolland, James H. Holland, brothers, Henry W. Peden, James M.\\nAllen, members of the Gwinnett Company of Mounted Volunteers,\\nunder the command of Captain H. Garmany, who were slain in battle\\nwith a party of Creek Indians at Shepherd s, in Stewart County, June\\n9, 1836. Their remains rest beneath this monument.\\nHABERSHAM COUNTY.\\nHabersham County was laid out by the Lottery Act of 1818.\\nLength, 31 m. breadth, 23 m. area, 713 square miles.\\nThe country is broken by mountains. The most valuable lands are\\nbelow the Currahee Mountain, on Tugaloo, Middle, Hudson s, and So-\\nquee rivers, adapted to wheat and corn.\\nThe climate is unsurpassed.\\nThe principal streams are the Chattahoochee, the Soquee, and\\nMiddle rivers. The county furnishes some excellent farms.\\nClarkesville, the county seat, was named after Governor John\\nClarke, and incorporated in 1823. It is most delightfully situated\\nnear the southwest bank of the Soquee River, and its beauty is in-\\ncreased by the picturesque grandeur of the surrounding country. It\\nis 136 miles north of Milledgeville.\\nHabersham contains several small but pleasant villages, among\\nwhich are Loudsville, Mount Yonah, and Nacoochee Valley. With\\nthe latter place is connected an Indian legend, as follows\\nLong before the Anglo-Saxon had made his first footprints on these western\\nshores long before even the Genoese visionary had dreamed of a new world be-\\nyond the columns of Hercules, there dwelt in this lovely valley a young maiden of\\nwonderful and almost celestial beauty. She was the daughter of a chieftain a\\nprincess. In doing homage to her, the people of her tribe almost forgot the Great\\nSpirit who made her, and endowed her with such strange beauty. Her name\\nwas Nacoochee The Evening Star. A son of the chieftain of a neighbouring\\nand hostile tribe saw the beautiful Nacoochee, and loved her. He stole her\\nyoung heart. She loved him with an intensity of passion that only the noblest\\nsouls know. They met beneath the holy stars, and sealed their simple vows with\\nkisses. In the valley, where, from the interlocked branches overhead, hung\\nwith festoons, in which the white flowers of the climate, and the purple blossoms\\nof the magnificent wild passion-flower, mingled with the dark foliage of the mus-\\ncadine, they found a fitting place. The song of the mocking-bird, and the murmur\\nof the Chattahoochee s hurrying waters, were marriage-hymn and anthem to them.\\nThey vowed eternal love. They vowed to live and die with each other. Intelligence\\nof these secret meetings reached the ear of the old chief, Nacoochee s father, and\\nhis anger was terrible. But love for Laceola was stronger in the heart of Na-\\ncoochee than even reverence for her father s commands. One night the maiden", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0544.jp2"}, "541": {"fulltext": "HABERSHAM COUNTY. 487\\nwas missed from her tent. The old chieftain commanded his warriors to pursue\\nthe fugitive. They found her with Laceola, the son of a hated race. In an in-\\nstant an arrow was aimed at his breast. Nacoochee sprang before him, and re-\\nceived the barbed shaft in her own heart. Her lover was stupefied. He made\\nno resistance, and his blood mingled with hers. The lovers were buried in the\\nsame grave, and a lofty mound was raised to mark the spot. Deep grief seized\\nthe old chief and all his people, and the valley was ever after called Nacoochee.\\nThe mound which marks the trysting-place and the grave of the maiden and her\\nbetrothed, surmounted by a solitary pine, are still to be seen, and form some of\\nthe most interesting features of the landscape of this lovely vale.\\nThe mountains are, Ellick s, Sail s, Skitt s, Tray, Currahee, and\\nMount Yonah. Currahee rises gradually, in a conical form, until it\\nreaches an elevation of nine hundred feet. On the east, it sinks com-\\npletely to the usual level of the land but on the western side, after\\ndescending for many hundred feet, it blends with a ridge that unites\\nit with the chain of the Alleghanies.\\nThe Yonah is among the highest mountains in Georgia. The dis-\\ntance from the bottom to the top of it may, perhaps, be a mile on a\\ngradual slope.\\nFrom the summit a delightful view is afforded. Plantations and\\ndwellings are seen interspersed among the hills and forests, watered\\nby sparkling rivulets, presenting a varied landscape, resembling a\\ncarpet of patch-work. The village of Clarkesville may be distinctly\\nseen from hence.\\nThe following account of a subterranean village is copied from an\\nold newspaper\\nAbout twenty years ago, a singular discovery was made of a subterranean vil-\\nlage in this county. The houses were disinterred by excavating a canal for the pur-\\npose of washing gold. The depth varied from seven to nine feet. Some of the houses\\nwere imbedded in the stratum, or gravel. The logs were but partially decayed,\\nfrom six to ten inches in diameter, and from ten to twelve feet long. The walls\\nwere from three to six feet in height, joined together, forming a straight line up-\\nwards of three hundred feet in length, comprising thirty-four buildings, or rooms.\\nThe logs were hewn at the ends, and notched down, as in ordinary cabins of the\\npresent day. In one of the rooms were found three baskets, made of cane splits,\\nand a number of fragments of Indian ware. From the circumstance of the land\\nhaving been covered with a heavy growth of timber previous to its cultivation by\\nthe whites, twelve years before the time of its discovery, it was inferred that they\\nwere built at some remote period. The houses were situated from fifty to one\\nhundred yards from the principal channel of the creek.\\nA great number of curious specimens of workmanship were found in situ-\\nations which preclude the possibility of their having been moved for more than a\\nthousand years. During the operations of a gentleman, he found, at one time,\\nabout one-half of a crucible, of the capacity of near a gallon. It was ten feet be-\\nlow the surface, and immediately beneath a large oak-tree, which measured five\\nfeet in diameter, and must have been four or five hundred years old. The depo-", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0545.jp2"}, "542": {"fulltext": "488 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nsite was diluvial, and what may be termed table-land. There was a vessel, or\\nrather, a double mortar, found in Duke s Creek, about five inches in diameter,\\nand the excavation on each side was nearly an inch in depth, and perfectly\\npolished. It was made of quartz, which had been semi-transparent, but had be-\\ncome stained with iron. Some suppose it was used for grinding paint, or for\\nsome of their plays or games. The lot of land upon which this discovery was\\nmade is in the third district of Habersham, four miles from the Nacoochee\\nvalley, on Duke s Creek.\\nThe celebrated Falls of Tallulah are in this county, and all who\\nhave visited them unite in saying that they merit a high place among\\nthe natural curiosities of the United States. The following account of\\nthese falls is from the pen of David P. Hillhouse, Esq. The stream\\nis, by the Cherokee Indians, called in some places Tarrurah, at other\\nplaces Tallulah. It is the western branch of the Tugaloo River, and\\nthe rapids are situated about ten miles above its junction with the\\nChattooga, which is the eastern branch of the Tugaloo. The rapids\\nare about twelve miles from Clarkesville. The river passes through a\\nrange or ridge of mountains, for somewhat more than a mile, forming\\nfor its bed an awful gulf, and for its banks stupendous fronts of solid\\nrock, like those of Niagara, just below its great cataract, and of the\\nGenesee River below the fall in that stream, a few miles above Lake\\nOntario. These banks of Tallulah are worn by its waters, in many\\nplaces, into caverns and grotesque figures, and often the sides are per-\\npendicular, and smooth beyond the means of art to imitate. Just at\\nthe head, and also at the foot of the rapids, the banks of Tallulah\\nRiver are not more than ordinary height above common water-mark.\\nIn the intermediate distance, the height of the banks varies from two\\nhundred to five hundred feet perpendicular. The width of the river\\nis from fifteen to one hundred feet. There are four perpendicular\\npitches of water, of from fifty to eighty feet, and a great many smaller\\ncataracts of from ten to twenty feet perpendicular pitch. There are\\nbut two or three points by which a person can possibly descend to\\nthe bed of the river, and these are the tracks of small rivulets empty-\\ning themselves into the river on the west side, and making several\\nvery steep precipices, down which one may possibly pass by aid of the\\nshrubbery that grows in the hollows. When arrived at the water s\\nedge, to look out at the opening of the great cliffs above, is surprising,\\ninteresting, and alarming\\nThese cliffs, combined with the foaming, roaring, bounding, im-\\npetuous current of water, exhibit novelty, beauty, and grandeur, in the\\ngreatest degree. At the instant the visitor views the current some\\nhundred feet below him, he shrinks back, in apprehension of his de-\\nstruction. Still curious to view it more, he cautiously advances again,\\nuntil by degrees he becomes so familiar with the scenery, as to be\\nperfectly enraptured. At every step he beholds some new dress\\nthat gives additional interest to the prospect. But there is no tinselled\\nornament to the banks of Tallulah. In a wild, uncultivated, and bar-\\nren countiy, no art has been introduced to deface this grand exhibi-", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0546.jp2"}, "543": {"fulltext": "T A LLULAH F A. L L 8", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0547.jp2"}, "544": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0548.jp2"}, "545": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0549.jp2"}, "546": {"fulltext": "SKA aBei? rs.\\nTOCCOA FALLS.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0550.jp2"}, "547": {"fulltext": "HABERSHAM COUNTY. 489\\ntion of nature. Sculptured chasms and fonts, elevated portals, for-\\nmidable stockades, impregnable fortresses, deep perpendicular cas-\\ncades, and successive bounding currents, added to the many rainbows\\nthat continually shine (when the sun does) through the spray that\\nrises from the falling water, and the variegated colours in front of the\\nrocky banks of red, white, yellow, and brown, and the small rivulets\\nthat pour down into the gulf from the mountain s top, give novelty\\nbeauty, sublimity, and awe, to the rapids of Tallulah.\\nOn the 5th of July, 1837, the Rev. Mr. Hawthorn, a minister of the Presbyte-\\nrian Church, arrived at Clarkesville by the stage. He preached in the evening\\nof that day and on the following Sabbath, and gained the approbation, and almost\\nthe admiration, of all who heard him. Those with whom he became partially\\nacquainted during this time, esteemed him very highly as a Christian minister.\\nWith others, he went on a visit to the Tallulah Falls. After the party had closed\\ntheir excursion to the Falls, he and some other gentlemen concluded to go into a\\nbeautiful basin of water, between two of the falls, for the purpose of bathing.\\nSome ladies being in company, they waited on them to some distance, leaving\\nMr. Hawthorn alone at the water, intending to return and bathe with him.\\nThey did return, but only found his clothing on the rocks he was gone, and\\ngone forever.\\nIt is supposed that he went into the water, and, from some circumstance un-\\nknown, sunk to rise no more. His body was found a week afterwards.\\nThe Toccoa Falls are on a creek of the same name. The water\\nfalls more than one hundred and eighty-five feet perpendicular. No\\ndescription can give an idea of the beauties of this fall and the sur-\\nrounding scenery.\\nAmong the curiosities of this county was the Chopped Oak, a tree famous in In-\\ndian history, and in the traditions of the early settlers. This tree stood about\\nsix miles southeast of Clarkesville, and was noted as being the Law Ground, 1\\nor place of holding company musters and magistrates courts. According to\\ntradition, the Chopped Oak was a celebrated rendezvous of the Indians in their\\npredatory excursions, it being at a point where a number of trails met. Here\\ntheir plans of warfare were laid, here the several parties separated, and here, on\\ntheir return, they awaited each other; and then, in their brief language, the result\\nof their enterprise was stated, and for every scalp taken, a gash cut in the tree.\\nIf tradition tells the truth, and every scar on the blasted oak counts for a scalp, the\\nsuccess of their scouting parties must have been great. This tree was alive a\\nfew years since, when a young man, possessing all the prejudices of his country-\\nmen, and caring less for the traditions of the Indians than his own revenge, killed\\nthe tree by girdling it, that it might be no longer a living monument of the\\ncruelties of the savages. The stump is still standing.\\nMinerals of almost every kind exist in Habersham. It was in this\\ncounty that the first gold mines were discovered in Georgia. The\\nfollowing is a list of the principal ones Loud s, Gordon s, Lewis s,", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0551.jp2"}, "548": {"fulltext": "490 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nHolt s, Richardson s, White McGie s, Gordon Lumsden s, Wil-\\nliams s, Little John s, Horshaw s.\\nIron is abundant.\\nIn addition to the minerals already named, the county has cyanite,\\ngarnets, carnelians, augite, asbestos, tourmaline, rubies, plumbago.\\nThree diamonds have been found in the county.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 1,338; families,\\n1,338 white males, 3,962 white females, 3,713 free coloured\\nmales, 2. Total free population, 7,677; slaves, 1,218. Deaths, 17.\\nFarms, 732 manufacturing establishments, 5. Value of real estate,\\n$327,003 value of personal estate, $1,083,771.\\nAmong the early settlers of this county were, General Wafford,\\nGabriel Fish, Major Williams, John Robinson, Alexander Wal-\\nden, B. Cleaveland, John Whitehead, John Grant, Jesse Kiney,\\nCharles Riche, Mr. Vandevier, Hudson Moss, Wm. Herring.\\nThis county was named after one of the Habershams, but which\\none we cannot say with certainty.\\nHALL COUNTY.\\nLaid out by the Lottery Act of 1818. A part taken from Jackson\\nand Franklin, 1818 part of new territory added to it, 1819.\\nLength, 30 m. breadth, 24 m. square miles, 720. Named after\\nLyman Hall, a signer of the Declaration of American Independence.\\nThe principal streams are, the Chattahoochee, Chestatee, Oconee,\\nand Littl-e rivers. The creeks are numerous.\\nThe soil is productive in some parts in others poor.\\nGainesville is the seat of justice, 111 miles from Milledgeville,\\ndelightfully situated, with a climate equal to any in the world.\\nThe Sulphur Spring, six miles N. of Gainesville, has been known\\nto the public for several years.\\nThe Limestone Spring, two miles from Gainesville, is much fre-\\nquented.\\nMinerals in great variety are found in this county. Among them\\nare gold, lead, ruby, tourmaline, cyanite, and emerald. The elastic\\nsandstone abounds, in which a few diamonds have been found.\\nExtract fromihe Census of 4850. Dwellings, 1,300 families, 1,300\\nwhite males, 3,639 white females, 3,731 free coloured males, 4\\nfree coloured females, 3. Total free population, 7,377. Slaves,\\n1,336. Deaths, 69. Farms, 697. Value of real estate, $609,639\\nvalue of personal estate, $867,332.\\nAmong the early settlers were, Wm. H. Dickson, E. Donegan,", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0552.jp2"}, "549": {"fulltext": "HANCOCK COUNTY. 491\\nJoseph Wilson, John Bates, B. Reynolds, R. Armour, Joseph\\nGailey, T. Terrell, John Millar, D. Wafford, M. Moore, W.\\nBlake, Joseph Read, R. Young, J. McConnell, R. Winn, Thos.\\nWilson, Wm. Cobb, N. Garrison, Joseph Johnson, John Barrett,\\nE. Cowen, A. Thompson, Jesse Dobbs, James Abercrombie, Solo-\\nmon Peake.\\nHANCOCK COUNTY.\\nThis county was laid out in 1793. A part set off to Baldwin,\\n1807, and a part to Taliaferro, in 1825. Length, 22 m. breadth,\\n20 m. area square miles, 440. It received its name in honour of\\nJohn Hancock, whose name appears so conspicuous upon the Declara-\\ntion of Independence.\\nThe north fork of the Ogeechee River separates the county from\\nWarren, and the Oconee from Putnam.\\nHancock is on the dividing ridge between the primitive and\\nsecondary, or rather tertiary formations. The northern portion is\\nvery hilly, with a red aluminous soil. The southern portion is flat\\npine woods, with silicious soil. The best lands are on Shoulder Bone\\nand its waters.\\nSparta is the seat of justice, twenty-four miles N. E. of Milledge-\\nville.\\nPowelton is in the N. E. part.\\nMount Zion is seven miles from Sparta.\\nThe climate is mild, but variable. The history of this county fur-\\nnishes a number of instances of longevity. Dr. Timothy W. Ros-\\nsitta died in 1845, aged 92; General Henry Mitchell, a soldier\\nof the Revolution, died at 79 Mrs. Tabitha Marchman, at 91\\nMrs. Judith Greene, at 84 Captain James Reese, 84 Wm.\\nWyley, 84 Mrs. Elisabeth Reid, 88.\\nAmong the Revolutionary patriots who died in this county were,\\nJohn Hamilton, Esq., aged 78 Mr. Amos Brantley, aged 70 Dr.\\nEdward Hood, 71.\\nHenry Graybill, Esq., aged 82 years. He was born in Lan-\\ncaster, (Penn.,) but removed to South Carolina before the Revo-\\nlutionary War, and afterwards settled in Georgia, where he lived\\nforty-two years. He was a conspicuous and active man during\\nthe contest which obtained our Independence, and filled with credit\\nto himself and country the important offices of surveyor, clerk of\\nthe court, c, and was four times elected by the Legislature of this\\nState one of the electors of President and Vice-President. He had\\nbeen a member of the Baptist Church for fifty years, and of the", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0553.jp2"}, "550": {"fulltext": "492 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nMasonic fraternity since the first establishment of regular Lodges in\\nour State. He sustained through a long life the most unblemished\\ncharacter.\\nFrom the earliest settlement of this portion of Georgia the citizens\\nhave been particularly distinguished for their great attention to the\\nsubject of education. Some of the most eminent men in the State\\nreceived their academical education in Hancock.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 761 families, 785;\\nwhite males, 2,134 white females, 2,078 free coloured males, 33\\nfree coloured females, 27. Total free population, 4,272 slaves,\\n7,306. Deaths, 128. Farms, 444; manufacturing establishments,\\n20. Value of real estate, $1,630,646 value of personal estate,\\n$4,049,156.\\nHancock Manufacturing Company. Situated at Sparta dimen-\\nsions of factory, 54 by 140; engine-room, 25 by 54 engine, 100\\nhorse power; capital, $80,000; spindles, 4,500; looms, 100; opera-\\ntives, 140 yards of cloth made per day, 3,500 pounds of thread per\\nday, 500 osnaburgs, sheetings, c, are manufactured.\\nThe lovers of natural science will find much to interest them in\\nthis section of the State. Minerals are abundant, viz., agate, jasper,\\nchalcedony, iron, gold, asbestos, kaolin, galena, zircon, plumbago,\\nepidote, c.\\nThere are some remarkable mounds in this county. A gentleman\\nhas furnished us with an account of several on Shoulder Bone\\nCreek. He says, The principal one is 400 feet N. of the\\ncentre prong of Shoulder Bone Creek its base is 20 feet above the\\nlevel of the creek. A few years ago it was 37 feet high around it\\nare the remains of a ditch or intrenchment, containing about four\\nacres. Near the mound is an inclosure. Human bones, to a large\\namount, have been exhumed.\\nThis county has furnished her share of distinguished men. Hon.\\nDixon H. Lewis was born in Hancock. Governor McDonald, Hon.\\nW. T. Colquitt, and numerous others, resided in it. Hon. Bolling\\nHall was a gentleman of an uncommonly fine mind. We have\\nin our possession a number of his letters addressed to prominent\\nmen, and they afford evidence of a great knowledge of the science of\\ngovernment. Hancock may still point to many useful and patriotic\\nmen among her citizens. It is said that she is particularly noted\\nfor producing stout men. We have heard of a jury whose united\\nweight exceeded 3,600 pounds.\\nAmong the first settlers of the county were, General H. Mitchell,\\nBolling Hall, Charles Abercrombie, General Adams, Henry\\nGraybill, Joseph Bryan, Wm. Rees, Jonathan Adams, John\\nMontgomery, Jacob Dennis, Archibald Smith, T. Holt, Thos.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0554.jp2"}, "551": {"fulltext": "HARRIS COUNTY. 493\\nRaines, James Bishop, Isham Rees, M. Martin, R. Clarke, R\\nShipp, F. Tucker, L. Barnes, W. Wyley, Wm. Saunders, James\\nThomas, Jesse Pope, Jonas Shivers, Wm. Hardwick, L. Tatum,\\nR. Moreland.\\nShoulder Bone Creek is memorable as being the place where a\\ntreaty was made with the Creeks in 1786.\\nHARRIS COUNTY.\\nLaid out from Troup and Muscogee, 1827. Part added to Mus-\\ncogee, 1829. Length, 20 m. breadth, 18 m. square miles, 360.\\nNamed after Charles Harris, Esq., of Savannah, an eminent jurist.\\nThe Chattahoochee forms the western boundary of the county.\\nWest End, Standing Boy, Sowahachee, Mulberry, Flat Shoal, Old\\nHouse, and Mountain creeks, empty into the Chattahoochee.\\nHamilton is the county town, situated at the extremity of the Oak\\nMountain, one mile south of the Pine Mountains, and distant from\\nMilledgeville 110 miles.\\nWhitesville is on the road leading from Columbus to La Grange.\\nValley Place, Cochran s, and Ellerslie, are small places.\\nThere is much variety in the face of the country. The Pine Moun-\\ntains enter the county near the northeastern corner. The Oak\\nMountain enters it at its eastern corner. Above the Pine Mountains,\\neast of the road leading to Columbus, the country is level, having a\\nthin, light soil, productive, but not lasting. West of the road, from\\nColumbus to La Grange, it is a broken, rich country, heavilv tim-\\nbered. In the valley between the Oak and Pine Mountains the soil\\nis gray growth, Spanish oak and hickory. South of the Oak Moun\\ntain, upon the head waters of Mulberry Creek, and extending ail the\\nway down said creek, the soil is rich.\\nThere is nothing in the climate to distinguish it from that of the\\nsurrounding counties. The instances of longevity that have come to\\nour knowledge are Jonathan Blackman, who died over 80 Eze-\\nkiel Brown, 86 Smith Cotton, 88 Mr. Farley, over 84 Mr.\\nWelden, over 80 Mrs. Street, over 80 Mrs. Walker, 80.\\nAmong the first settlers of this county were Anderson Redding,\\nT. Jones, W. C. Osborn, A. Johnson, Joseph Davis, E. D. Hines,\\nThos. Hall, B. Johnston, A. Goodman, S. Huey, James Ramsey,\\nJohn White, Judge Welborn, General Low, R. Mobbley, Na-\\nthaniel H. Barden, William Whitehead, Thomas Whitehead,\\nLewis Winn, John J. Harper, Thos. L. Jackson, Jackson Har-\\nwell, Stringer Gibson, John and Julius Mitchell Thos. Mahone.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0555.jp2"}, "552": {"fulltext": "494 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 1,175; families,\\n1,242; white males, 3,391; white females, 3,318; free coloured\\nmales, 15; free coloured females, 15. Total free population, 6,739\\nslaves, 7,982. Deaths, 149. Farms, 873; manufacturing establish-\\nments, 73. Value of real estate, $1,773,509 value of personal estate,\\n$3,677,877.\\nExtract from the Minutes of the first Superior Court of Harris County.\\nAgreeably to appointment, the Court met present, His Honor Walter T.\\nColquitt, Judge thereof this 20th day of March, 1828.\\nThe following persons were sworn as Grand Jurors to serve the present term,\\nbeing the first Superior Court in this county\\n1. George W. Rodgers, 13. Levi Ezzell,\\n2. William Heard, 14. Burwell Blackmon,\\n3. J. Bass, 15. Thos. G. Bedell,\\n4. James Loflin, 16. John D. Johnson,\\n5. George Chatham, 17. Drury Kendrick,\\n6. George H. Bryan, 18. John Jordan,\\n7. Silvester Naramore, 19. Thomas Mahone,\\n8. Bennett Williams, 20. Reuben R. Mobbley,\\n9. Edward D. Perryman, 21. Benjamin Meddows,\\n10. Bolling Smith, 22. William Peel,\\n11. Stephen Curvin, 23. Jno. S. Beckham.\\n12. William Watts,\\nN. H. Barden, Esq., was elected Clerk of the Superior Court in\\n1836, and has held the office ever since.\\nHEARD C OUNTY.\\nThis county was laid out from Troup, Carroll, and Coweta, in\\n1830, and named after the Hon. Stephen Heard.\\nIt is well supplied with streams. The only river is the Chattahoo-\\nchee, into which numerous creeks empty.\\nThe surface of the country is very hilly. About one-third of the\\ncounty consists of rich oak and hickory land two-thirds are pine,\\nmixed with oak and hickory, and remarkably productive.\\nFranklin is the seat of justice it is situated on the east bank of\\nthe Chattahoochee River, 145 miles from Milledgeville.\\nCorinth, 1 1 miles east, and Houstoun, 9 miles southwest of Frank-\\nlin, are thriving villages.\\nSt. Cloud s and McBride s Mills do considerable business.\\nNo section of Georgia is favoured with a more salubrious climate.\\nThere are a few small mounds near the Chattahoochee. On", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0556.jp2"}, "553": {"fulltext": "HENRY COUNTY. 495\\nColonel Dent s farm, some negroes ploughed up a gun, having on it\\nthe British coat of arms.\\nGold has been found in the bed of the Chattahoochee, and in all\\nthe creeks and branches on the west of it. Iron ore and lead have\\nalso been discovered.\\nAmong the instances of longevity are the following Mr. John\\nCook, who died between 90 and 100 a Mr. Wood had a negro woman\\nsupposed, at her death, to have been 120 years old Mr. James Wood\\ndied at the age of 85 his wife was supposed to have been about\\nthe same age at her death.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 724; families, 724\\nwhite males, 2,295 white females, 2,225 free coloured males, 3.\\nTotal free population, 4,523 slaves, 2,400. Deaths, 41. Farms,\\n512 manufacturing establishments, 5. Value of real estate, $799,770\\nvalue of personal estate, $1,425,064.\\nAmong those who made the first settlements in this county were\\nColonel Dent, Winston Wood, John Ware, Daniel Whitaker, D.\\nSullivan, C. B. Brown, James Adams, Dr. Ghent, J. T. Smith,\\nThomas Pinkard, P. H. Whitaker, Elisha Talley, Dr. Joseph\\nReese, Bailey Bledsoe, W. Kirk, Rev. Samuel Lane, Rev. Jesse\\nGeorge, James Wood, J. Stevens, Rev. W. W. Steagall, John\\nScoggins.\\nHENRY COUNTY.\\nBoundaries defined by the Act of 1821 a part added to* and a part\\ntaken from, Walton, 1821, and parts to Newton, to Fayette, 1821;\\nand a part to Butts, 1825. Length, 27 m. breadth, 15 m. square\\nmiles, 405. Named after Hon. Patrick Henry, of Virginia.\\nThe rivers are, South and Cotton.\\nSeveral creeks water the county.\\nMcDonough is the capital, situated on the waters of Walnut\\nCreek, seventy miles from Milledgeville.\\nThe public places are, Hollins worth s Store, Double Cabins, Hale s\\nStore, White House, Cotton River, and Pittsfield.\\nThe face of the country is uneven. The bottom lands are produc-\\ntive.\\nThe climate is healthy.\\nWe insert a few cases of longevity. John Smith, near 100 Jas.\\nDaniel, 80 John Treadwell, 80 Jacob Coker, 80 Richard Card,\\n80 John Oslin, 80 E. Cloud, 92 Mr. Cuncle, 82.\\nMr. John Wyatt lived to the age of 93. During that war which\\ntried the souls of men, this gentleman, then in the vigour of", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0557.jp2"}, "554": {"fulltext": "496 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nyouth, rendered to his country the most signal services. He was pre-\\nsent, and acted an honourable part in the character of an officer,\\nwhen Cornwallis surrendered. In this and other severe engage-\\nments, the deceased bore ample testimony of that undying devotion\\nto his country s welfare, which distinguished him through the course\\nof a long life.\\nStatistics from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 1,680; families,\\n1680 white males, 4,978 white females, 4,765 free coloured males,\\n9 free coloured females, 5. Total free population, 9,757 slaves,\\n4,969. Deaths, 157. Farms, 1,003 manufacturing establishments, 3..\\nValue of real estate, $1,762,595 value of personal estate, $2,869,342.\\nAmong the early settlers of this county were, William Hardin,\\nJesse Johnson, James Sellers, H. J. Williams, Wm. Pate, D.\\nJohnson, W. H. Turner, M. Brooks, S. Weems, Woodson Herbert,\\nJames Armstrong, Robert Beard, James Patillo, Josiah McCully,\\nRoland Brown, R. M. Sims, Wm. Crawford, E. Moseley, John\\nBrooks, who built the first mill, Reuben Dearing, Jacob Hinton,\\nE. Brooks, John Calloway, B. Jenks, Wm. Jenks, Col. S. Strick-\\nland, Parker Eason, Joseph Kirk, Wm. and John Griffin, Daniel\\nSmith, H. Longino, Wm. Tuggle, John Lovejoy.\\nIn 1828, a paper called the Jacksonian was published at McDo-\\nnough, by Mr. Samuel W. Minor. This paper was the first to nom-\\ninate General Andrew Jackson for the Presidency.\\nThe first Superior Court was held 10th June, 1822. at the house of William\\nRuff, Judge Clayton presiding. The names of the Grand Jurors were,\\nWilliam Jackson, Robert Shaw,\\nWm. Malone, James Colwell,\\nJames Sellers, John Brooks,\\nJames Pate, F. Pearson,\\nThomas Abercrombie, Wm. McKnight,\\nC. Cochran, B. Lasseter,\\nGr. Gat, Jacob Hinton,\\nWm. Wood, Jackson Smith,\\nWilie Terrill, S. Strickland.\\nJethro Barnes.\\nhoustoun county.\\nThis county was organized in 1821. A part set off to Bibb and\\nCrawford in 1822 a part to Pulaski in 1828 and a part to Craw-\\nford in 1830. Named after John Houstoun, formerly Governor of\\nGeorgia. It is 35 miles long and 25 wide square miles, 875.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0558.jp2"}, "555": {"fulltext": "HOUSTOUN COUNTY. 497\\nThe Ocmulgee flows along the eastern borders of the county.\\nThere are many creeks which water the country.\\nThe soil is rich, and mostly of a limestone formation. The first\\nquality lands are on the rivers and creeks, adapted to cotton and corn.\\nThe lands generally lie level, and are easily cultivated.\\nPerry is the county town, situated upon the waters of Big Indian\\nCreek, sixty-seven miles from Milledgeville.\\nFort Valley is twelve miles N. W. of Perry. It is situated on an\\nelevated table-land, which divides the waters of the Ocmulgee and\\nthose of the Flint, the former flowing into the Atlantic, and the latter\\ninto the Gulf thus rendering it, by position, one of the healthiest\\nlocalities in Central and Southern Georgia. In addition to these ad-\\nvantages, it is situated in the midst of a community not surpassed by\\nany in the State for intelligence, refinement, and general morality,\\nmaking it a desirable place of residence for persons wishing to edu-\\ncate their families.\\nAt this place is the Fort Valley Female Seminary, which possesses\\nmany advantages for the purposes contemplated.\\nAt this village there is also an excellent academy, under the direc-\\ntion of a gentleman whose qualifications are highly spoken of.\\nHayneville and Henderson are small but pleasant villages.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 1,138 families,\\n1,138; white males, 3,360; white females, 3,152; free coloured\\nmales, 7 free coloured females, 7. Total free population, 6,526\\nslaves, 9,924. Deaths, 201. Farms, 750; manufacturing establish-\\nments, 23. Value of real estate, $2,211,709; value of personal es-\\ntate, $5,463,591.\\nAmong the first settlers in this county were, Abner Wimberly,\\nJames and David Clark, Allen Sutton, Allen Williams, Meredith\\nJoiner, Tiios. Gilbert, J. M. Kelly, Co lonel Howell Co bb. Lewis\\nHunt, Daniel Dupree, Jacob Little, James Everitt, Rev. Daniel\\nMcKenzie, Thomas Scott, David W. Mann, Henry W. Kaly, Jesse\\nPollock, Amos Wingate, James Duncan, and F. Patillo.\\nColonel Simon Bateman died on the 7th of August, 1841. Like his father,\\nColonel Bateman obeyed the call of his country in the hour of danger, and vol-\\nunteered his services in her defence in the last contest with the colossal power\\nof Great Britain, and continued in the service until the close of the war.\\nThe following well-authenticated incident will illustrate his bravery and hu-\\nmanity. In a skirmish with the Indians, a brother soldier was wounded and left\\non the field. The Colonel, generously risking his life, went back to him, and,\\ndismounting, took him up and carried him to a place of safety. While performing\\nthis noble act, his clothes were pierced by the enemy s balls, who were in sight.\\n32", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0559.jp2"}, "556": {"fulltext": "498 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nFour miles south of Perry are the remains of an old fortification. When the\\ncounty was first settled, large trees were found growing upon it.\\nThe first Court was held at Mr. Jacob Little s house, the Hon. Thomas W.\\nHarris, Judge.\\nhi the early settlement of this county, the citizens encountered many difficul-\\nties. Four years passed before a good mill was erected. Mr. William H. Moore\\nbuilt one of the first grist-mills. It was situated on Juniper Creek, and was in\\noperation without intermission for six months. People stayed at the mill day and\\nnight.\\nColonel Howell Cobb was the first justice of the peace in the county.\\nIRWIN COUNTY.\\nLaid out by the Lottery Act of 1818, and part set off to Thomas\\nand Lowndes, in 1825. It was named in honour of General Jared\\nIrwin. Length, 52 m. breadth, 28 m. area square miles, 1,456.\\nThe Ocmulgee and the Allapaha rivers are the chief streams.\\nLittle River rises in the northern part of the county. Among the\\ncreeks may be named, Sandy, Hat, Lake, Big House, Willocoochee,\\nIndian, Domes, Little House, Deep, Warrior, Tyty, Pine Woods, c.\\nIrwinville is the seat of justice, 112 miles from Milledgeville, 60\\nfrom Hawkinsville, and 30 from Jacksonville.\\nStatistics prepared at the Census Bureau, 1850. Dwellings, 448;\\nfamilies, 448. White males, 1,479; white females, 1,404; 1 free\\ncoloured male. Total free population, 2,884 slaves, 450. Deaths,\\n15. Farms, 414. Value of real estate, $171,636; value of personal\\nestate, $383,433.\\nAmong the first persons who made settlements in this county were,\\nJohn Dorminy, R. H. Dickson, M. McDuffee, L. Mobbley, John\\nHenderson, Thos. Bradford, Lot Whiddon, Redding Hunter, John\\nJoice, Wm. Bradford, S. Griffin, James Wallace, James Allen,\\nJohn Ford, Samuel Story, Thomas and John Gibbes, Wm. Fus-\\nsells, J. C. Summers.\\nOn the 13th of July, 1836, on the Allapaha River, near the planta-\\ntion of Mr. Wm. H. Mitchell, a battle was fought between the whites\\nand Indians. Captain Levi J. Knight commanded the whites, num-\\nbering about seventy-five men. The Indians were defeated, and all\\nkilled except five. Twenty -three guns and nineteen packs fell into\\nthe hands of the whites.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0560.jp2"}, "557": {"fulltext": "JASPER COUNTY. 499\\nJACKSON COUNTY.\\nThis county was formed in 1796 part set off as Clarke, 1801\\npart added to Madison, 1811 part to Walton, Gwinnett, and Hall,\\n1818. It is 23 miles long, and 18 wide; square miles, 414. It was\\ncalled after General James Jackson.\\nThe branches of the Oconee flow through this county. Big Sandy,\\nMulberry, Barber s, Curry s, Cider, and Beach creeks, are some of the\\nstreams.\\nMuch of the soil of this county is unproductive, although there are\\nsome good lands on the branches of the Oconee.\\nThe diseases most prevalent are fevers and pneumonia. Instances\\nof longevity are not rare. Among others, are Mr. Henry Angling,\\naged 80; Mr. Amos Stapler, 80; Middleton Brooks, 95; Mrs.\\nBrown, over 100.\\nJefferson is the seat of justice, situated on the waters of the\\nOconee River, distant from Milledgeville 87 miles. It was made the\\ncounty site in 1806, and incorporated in 1812.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 1,200; families, 1,200.\\nWhite males, 3,372; white females, 3,436; free coloured males, 9\\nfree coloured females, 10. Total free population, 6,827; slaves, 2,941.\\nDeaths, 91. Farms, 547; manufacturing establishments, 6. Value\\nof real estate, $723,054; value of personal estate, $1,375,657.\\nAmong the first settlers of this county were, Jacob JBankston,\\nRichard Easley, John Smith, Jordan Clark, AbednegcTMoore,\\nThomas Hill, Paul Williams, Edward Callehan, Parks Chand-\\nler, Andrew Millar, Bedford Brown, Z. Collins, S. Lively,\\nIohnson Strong, Miles Gathright, D. W. Easley.\\nJASPER COUNTY.\\nThis county was laid out by the name of Randolph, in 1807 but\\nthe name was changed to Jasper in 1812, in honour of Sergeant\\nJasper, who distinguished himself in the American Revolution. A\\npart was set off to Morgan in 1815, and a part to Newton in 1821.\\nLength, 24 m. breadth, 16 m. area square miles, 384.\\nThe Ocmulgee, which divides the county from Butts and Monroe.\\nis the chief stream.\\nMonticello, so called from the residence of Thomas Jefferson, is\\nthe county site, situated on the waters of Murder Creek, 35 miles\\nW. N. W. of Milledgeville", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0561.jp2"}, "558": {"fulltext": "f,00 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nHillsborough is nine miles S. E. of Monticello, named after Mr\\nIsaac Hill, one of the early settlers of the county.\\nShady Dale is eight miles from Monticello.\\nThe climate is temperate. The diseases which most generally\\nprevail are fevers, chills, and pneumonia.\\nThere were living, three years ago Anthony Dyer, over 83\\nGeorge Clark, 90 Mr. Caps, nearly 80 John Davidson, over 80\\nDavid Smith, over 80 Richard Carter, 83. Dr. Carroll died at\\nthe age of 100 Jeremiah Campbell, a Revolutionary character, was\\nover 80 Sion Barnett published the first proclamation connected\\nwith the Mecklenburg meeting, was present at the battles of Stono\\nand Cowpens, and died at the age of 82 Littleton Johnson, 86\\nMr. Waters, 105, killed by a fall from a horse Mr. Abner Chap-\\nman, 86 Mrs. Chapman, 80 Mr. Yaney was at the siege of Savan-\\nnah, and when Pulaski was shot down, was within five steps of him.\\nA negro man, named Shade, at 110; Gilbert Shaw, at 80, killed\\nby a tornado, in 1842; A. Riddick, a Revolutionary soldier, died at\\n94 John Sla.y, at 80 years Thomas Grant, a soldier of the Revo-\\nlution, 72 Mrs. Mary Brewer, at the age of 100.\\nThe face of the country is undulating. The soil is productive, fur-\\nnishing fine crops of cotton, corn, c.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 1,812 families,\\n1,812; white males, 2,230; white females, 2,093; free coloured\\nmales, 14; free coloured females, 15. Total free population, 4,352;\\nslaves, 7,134. Deaths, 180. Farms, 588 manufacturing establish\\nments, 12. Value of real estate, $723,054 value of personal estate,\\n$1,375,657.\\nAmong the early settlers were Jeremiah Cox, Richard Carter,\\nAdam Glazier, Sylvanus Walker, Joel Wise, Charles Cargile,\\nWm. Scott, Stokely Morgan, Anthony Dyer, Gen. J. W. Burney,\\nIsaac Hill, Captain Eli Glover, Major Pearson, Wm. Penn, Thos.\\nBroters, James Smith, S. Barnett, W. Dozier, John Powell, A.\\nChapman, W. L. Thompson, R. Jorden, F. and S. Malone, M. Whit-\\nfield, D. Meriwether, Nathan Fish, E. Lovejoy, N. Williams,\\nWm. Reid.\\nfflteitilitnn*.\\nOn Murder Creek are several mounds.\\nOn the 17th of May, 1847, a portion of this county was visited by a hail-storm,\\nwhich destroyed the crops, timber, stock, c. The hail-stones generally were as\\nlarge as a man s fist.\\nGeneral David Adams. A paper of the day says: This gentleman\\nwas born at the Waxaws, in South Carolina, on the 28th of January, 1766. He\\nseryed a campaign in the latter part of the Revolution, in the lower portion of South", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0562.jp2"}, "559": {"fulltext": "JASPER COUNTY. 501\\nCarolina, under General Henderson, against the British and Tories. After the\\nsuccessful termination of that war, his father removed, and settled on Shoulder Bone\\nCreek, in the State of Georgia. The Creek Indians, at that time, were a power-\\nful nation of savages a war of extermination existed between them and the\\nwhite settlers of the frontiers of this State. The attacks of the Creeks were so\\nfrequent, being often marked by the extinction of whole families, that the inhabi-\\ntants of every neighbourhood were compelled to build and live in forts. The\\nyounger Adams now came forward in defence of his country, with a zeal that\\ngained the confidence of his fellow-citizens; he was elected amajor of the militia,\\nand was engaged in the arduous duties of a scout for ten years.\\nMajor Adams was elected Brigadier-General by the Legislature of Georgia,\\nand subsequently a Major-Genera!. He was appointed to the command of an\\nexpedition in the war against the towns on the Tallapoosa River, by the\\nGovernor. Having commenced his march with about three hundred volun-\\nteers to the above-mentioned towns, General Floyd, being then in the lower\\npart of the nation, with the army under his command, hearing of the expedition\\nunder General Adams, and knowing that the savages had evacuated their towns,\\nand embodied in the Horse Shoe, and consequently were too strong for such a\\nforce as that commanded by General A., detached a troop of horse to inter-\\ncept him and turn him back unfortunately he was too far advanced, and the troop\\ncould not overtake him. On arriving at the town opposite, or a little above the\\nbend distinguished by the name of the Horse Shoe, he found it deserted by the\\nIndians, who had retired within their fortifications in the Horse Shoe, out of\\nwhich they marched up and paraded in considerable numbers, on the opposite\\nside of the river, and fired upon the volunteers in the town, with little or no\\neffect, having slightly wounded one man. It was found impracticable to cross\\nthe river, it being very much swollen by the recent rains and, indeed, it was\\nhighly necessary to commence a retreat. Having burnt the village, and destroyed\\nthe provisions which the Indians had not removed to their fortifications within\\nthe bend of the river, he retired a short distance and encamped for the night.\\nThe cunning savages were prowling about his encampment, endeavouring, no\\ndoubt, to ascertain the number of the volunteers. They were frequently fired\\nupon by the sentinels. General Adams wisely suffered no fires to be kindled\\nduring the night, which was remarkably cold. To this circumstance, and his\\njudicious manoeuvres, by which he concealed the strength of his detachment,\\nmay be attributed his not being attacked and defeated by the powerful force of\\nthe savages then in his immediate neighbourhood.\\nGeneral Adams held various appointments under the State Government, all of\\nwhich he discharged with fidelity and ability. He was a Commissioner on the\\npart of the State, when the lands lying between the Ocmulgee and Flint Rivers\\nwere obtained. He was always a favourite with his fellow-citizens, was a distin-\\nguished member of the Legislature for upwards of twenty-five years, and was\\noften Speaker of the House of Representatives.\\nThe Hon. Alfred Cuthbert and Dr. Rees, gentlemen who stand\\ndeservedly high in the estimation of their fellow citizens, are residents\\nof this county.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0563.jp2"}, "560": {"fulltext": "502 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nJEFFERSON COUNTY.\\nThis county was laid out from Burke and Warren in 1796. Length,\\n30 m. breadth, 23 m. area square miles, 690.\\nThe face of the country is level, and the soil diversified. Good\\ncrops of cotton and corn are made, and the lands are increasing in\\nvalue.\\nThe Ogeechee is the principal stream.\\nThe climate is mild. The instances of longevity are the follow-\\ning, viz. Elisabeth Jordan died at 82 Ellen Boyd, at 86\\nJosiah Wells, at 85 Wm. Paradise, at 84 Sarah Move, at 86\\nSimon Fields, a negro, at 101.\\nRev. M. Polk died at 94 years of age.\\nMon. Jacques Benjamin Gobert, Sen., at 80 years. This gentle-\\nman once filled the appointment of Procureur-General for the depart-\\nment in which he lived in France. For some time he held the office\\nof Vice-Consul of France for the port of Savannah.\\nMrs. Raiford, at 82 Wm. Lyon, a soldier of the Revolution, at\\n88 John J. Schley, at 80 Aaron Tomlinson, an officer of the\\nRevolution, under General Greene, at 80 Dr. John Bouton, at 87\\nGeneral Solomon Wood, a Captain in the Revolutionary War, and\\nwho distinguished himself by his opposition to the Yazoo Law, at\\n80; Moses Thompson, at 90 Hugh Wilson, at 100; Seth Pearce,\\na Revolutionary soldier, at 85.\\nWhen the census of 1850 was taken, there were living, Hannah\\nYoung, aged 80 Abraham Beasley, 81 Ann Justice, 92 Mar-\\ngaret Stapleton, 82 Joseph Price, 82 Patty Collins, 92\\nSarah Worrell, 81 James Gunn,81 Mary Patterson, 98 Nancy\\nDavis, 92; Sarah Marshall, 82; James Sherod, 81 Jane Neely,\\n82; Mille Pierce, 92; Rachel Gordon, 91.\\nLouisville is the county town, situated on Rocky Comfort Creek,\\nfifty-four miles from Milledgeville. It was once a place of impor-\\ntance. It was made the seat of government for the State of\\nGeorgia, by the Constitution, on the 16th of May, 1795, and con-\\ntinued such until 1804, when Milledgeville became the capital. The\\ncourt-house is built of the materials which formerly composed the\\nState-house. It was here that the papers connected with the cele-\\nbrated Yazoo Acts were publicly burnt. The inhabitants of this vil-\\nlage are particularly distinguished for their hospitality.\\nPine Hill, a summer retreat, is four miles from Louisville.\\nQueensborough was an old settlement, two miles S. E. of Louis-\\nville.\\nGalphinton was nine miles S. E. of Louisville.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0564.jp2"}, "561": {"fulltext": "JEFFERSON COUNTY. 503\\nPROMINENT MEN.\\nHon. Roger L. Gamble was a member of Congress, and Judge\\nof the Superior Court.\\nCaptain James Meriwether, who died in this county on the 25th\\nof October, 1817, was born in Virginia, and removed to Georgia\\nin 1782. Ever ardently interested in the support of justice and the\\nrights of mankind, he, at the commencement of the Revolutionary\\nWar, breasted the shock of invasion, and successfully aided in repel-\\nling the encroachments of the enemy.\\nGeorge Stapleton, Sen., died 30th May, 1832. He was born in\\nthe State of Virginia enlisted in the army at an early age, and\\nwith patriotic zeal, served his country throughout the Revolutionary\\nWar. He was in several engagements, but was preserved throughout\\nthe struggle that tried men s souls, and lived to bring up a numerous\\nand respectable family.\\nMajor John Berrien, father of the Hon. John M. Berrien, died\\nin this county. At the dawn of the Revolution, when entering on the\\nthreshold of life, with a heart glowing with patriotic ardour, he visited\\nGeorgia, expecting to find there a field in which he might devote him-\\nself to the defence of his country. At fifteen years of age he was ap-\\npointed a Lieutenant in the 1st Georgia Regiment, and was subse-\\nquently promoted to a captaincy in the same. When General Mcintosh\\nwas appointed to a command in the Northern army, Major Berrien was\\nselected by him as Brigade Major, and in that capacity he joined\\nthe grand army at Valley Forge. He was very conspicuous in the\\nbattle of Monmouth, and in several other engagements, and continued\\nin service until the close of the Revolutionary War. On the return\\nof peace, being qualified by an active, well-cultivated mind, and cor-\\nrect judgment, for public usefulness, a great part of his life was occu-\\npied in offices of honour and trust, the duties of which he performed\\nwith integrity and diligence.\\nRev. David E. Bothwell was a native of the County of Monaghan,\\nin Ireland. His father, who was the tenant of a small estate in the\\nimmediate neighbourhood of Monaghan, was removed by death, leav-\\ning a widow and ten children in limited circumstances. In due time\\nhe attached himself to the church of his fathers, and felt it to be a\\nduty to consecrate his life to the ministry. With rigid economy and\\napplication, he spent the intervals which his occupation would allow\\nalternately in attending a grammar school and in teaching. He after-\\nwards repaired to Glasgow, in Scotland, where he graduated with\\nhonour about his 28th year. He then studied theology, under the\\ncare of the Presbytery of Monaghan. After a sufficient period spent\\nin his theological studies, he returned home, and was licensed to\\npreach in 1787.", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0565.jp2"}, "562": {"fulltext": "504 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nIn the mean time, the Colony of Georgia, in America, was being\\nsettled by subjects of his Majesty s government, and a small colony\\nof several families from Ireland, of the Burgher and anti-Burgher\\nchurches, had settled at Queensborough, near to where Louisville\\nnow stands, being increased from time to time by emigrations from\\nIreland and Scotland. They spread over a large area of country, in\\nparts of what are now Burke and Jefferson Counties. Their fortunes\\nhad been various.\\nThey suffered very much during the American war, both from\\ntheir immediate neighbours, the Indians, and from the English. Be-\\nsides, their settlement being composed of Burghers and anti-Burghers\\nmingled together, they of course had conflicting views as to the jus-\\ntice and policy of the war. Some of them felt bound by conscience\\nto observe in good faith their oath of allegiance to his Majesty\\nGeorge II., and some of them felt an equally strong obligation to dis-\\nregard the oath. Their pastor, the Rev. Mr. Ronaldson, conscien-\\ntiously opposed the war, and with him a minority, chiefly of anti-\\nBurghers, agreed in sentiment and as the war advanced, he was\\ntaken captive, his pastoral relations were violently dissolved, and the\\nparty who had constituted the reformed church were broken, and never\\nagain reorganized. Those left consisted principally of the Associate\\nBurgher Synod, and a few of the Reformed, who rallied again, and\\nformed two congregations, known as Buck Head and Louisville, to\\nwhich Big Creek, now Ebenezer, was afterwards added. In the year\\n1789 they sent up a petition to the Presbyters of Monaghan for a\\npastor, and the choice fell upon David E. Bothwell. He, after some\\nprivate arrangements, sailed for Charleston, S. C, on the 1st of Ja-\\nnuary, 1790, and shortly afterwards arrived at Queensborough. His\\ncongregations were large, and embraced Louisville and a vast scope\\nof country around. Here he laboured for many years, and died at\\nthe residence of General Jared Irwin, in Washington County, June,\\n1801, aged forty-five years, and was interred in the family burial-\\nf round of General I., where his grave may still be seen by the visitor,\\n[e was a man of medium size, rather stout. As a speaker, he was\\nclear, and had no difficulty in enunciation.\\nThe Hon. Benjamin Whitaker, who died in this county, was long\\nthe able Speaker of the House of Representatives of the State of\\nGeorgia.\\nThe celebrated Patrick Carr lived and died in Jefferson. By\\nbirth he was an Irishman, and came to Georgia before the begin-\\nning of the American Revolution. Upon the commencement of hos-\\ntilities, he warmly espoused the cause of his adopted country. Ne-\\nver, perhaps, was there a more determined man. Many anecdotes\\nare related of him.\\nOn one occasion he was praised for his bravery, upon which he\\nreplied, that he would have made a very good soldier, but the Al-\\nmighty had given him too merciful a heart. And yet it is said that\\nPatrick Carr had killed one hundred Tories with his own hands", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0566.jp2"}, "563": {"fulltext": "JONES COUNTY. 505\\nIt is certain that the Tories stood very much in fear of him, and it\\nwas seldom that they ever received mercy at his hands. He lived\\nmany years after the Revolution, and it is said was finally murdered\\nby some of the descendants of the Tories.\\nJONES COUNTY.\\nLaid out in 1807 part added from Putnam, 1810; part to Bibb,\\n1822. Length, 21 m. breadth, 18 m. area square miles, 378.\\nThe chief river is the Ocmulgee.\\nThe face of the country is hilly The soil, though much worn, is\\nproductive.\\nClinton is the county town, distant from Milledgeville 22 miles.\\nBlountsville, a small place, is 10 miles from Clinton.\\nGriswold s Cotton Gin Factory is situated in Griswoldville. Ma-\\nchinery moved by steam. Yearly average sales, 900 gins, worth not\\nless than $40,000 saws worth about $80,000 70,000 pounds of cast-\\nings, mostly of iron, used per annum 50,000 pounds of wrought\\niron, 40,000 pounds gin-saw cast steel, and 200,000 feet of lumber.\\nAnnual profits of business, $20,000. Connected with this establish-\\nment are two saws, cutting 600,000 feet of lumber per annum, besides\\nwagon, smiths shops, c. Whole number of hands employed, 80.\\nThe most common diseases are fever and pneumonia.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. White males, 1,972 white\\nfemales, 1,927; free coloured males, 17 free coloured females, 29.\\nTotal free population, 3,945 slaves, 6,279. Deaths, 85. Farms, 405;\\nmanufacturing establishments, 15. Value of real estate, $1,373,625\\nvalue of personal estate, $3,525,464.\\nAmong the first settlers were, Captain Jonathan Parish, Peter\\nClower, Henry Low, Wm. Williams, Wilkins Jackson, Jeremiah\\nDumas, Thomas White, Jeremiah Pearson, Major Humphries,\\nJames and High Comer, Roger McCarthy, Allen Greene, Ben-\\njamin Tarver, Bailey Stewart, James Anthony, George Harper,\\nJohn Chapell, Jesse M. Pope, Henry Pope, John Bayne, Ste-\\nphen Kirk, Wm. Carbanus, P. A. Lewis, James Jones, Wm. Jones,\\nRobert Hutchins, James Grey.\\nMr. Benjamin Reynolds died in this county, aged seventy-three\\nyears. He was a native of Caroline County, Virginia. At the\\nbreaking out of the Revolutionary W T ar, he was too young to enter\\nthe service. As soon as his age would admit, he, together with the\\npatriotic citizens of that part of Virginia, so distinguished in the his-\\ntory of the Revolution, took up arms, and entered the service of his", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0567.jp2"}, "564": {"fulltext": "506 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\ncountry. At the end of the war he removed to South Carolina\\ninto a neighbourhood distinguished for their loyalty to the British\\ncrown. Mr. Reynolds, from his zealous devotion to the cause of lib-\\nerty, encountered the most violent persecution from his misguided\\nassociates. After the purchase of the land on which Jones County\\nis included, he removed thither, being one of it earliest settlers.\\nJohn Lamar, Esq., died in this county. As a soldier of the Revolu-\\ntion, he was not only brave to a fault, but his services were of long con-\\ntinuance, and his sufferings excessive. Very shortly after entering\\nthe army, he was deputed with others to the performance of a perilous\\nduty, in which he was deserted by his companions, and left to exe-\\ncute the order alone, which he did to the admiration and astonishment\\nof all. For this act of intrepidity and fidelity, the Government ten-\\ndered him a Lieutenant s commission in the regular forces, which,\\nhowever, he modestly declined, on the ground that he was too\\nyoung and inexperienced to assume the responsibilities of the station,\\nbeing at this time only in his seventeenth year. He served under\\nGenerals Marion and Pickens, attached generally to the battalion of\\nthe latter was at the battle of the Eutaw, Cowpens, siege of Au-\\ngusta, and in several other engagements once taken a prisoner, but\\nmade his escape from the camp of Lord Cornwallis, rescuing at the\\nsame time one of his cousins was twice wounded during the war by\\nthe British, and once by the Indians, after his removal to Georgia.\\nMany of the citizens of this section of the State have done honour\\nto it by their virtues and talents.\\nDr. Hamilton, now of Cass, was a practitioner of medicine in this\\ncounty for many years, and had a high reputation.\\nColonel Robert Hardeman is well known as a courteous gentleman\\nand eminent lawyer.\\nInteresting Trial. In December, 1837, there was brought up\\nand tried before the Superior Court of this county a case which\\nexcited great interest throughout the country. A full account of it\\nwas given in a pamphlet, from which the following extracts are made\\nThe maiden name of the mother of Jesse L. Bunkley was Elisabeth Slatter.\\nHer first husband, the father of Jesse, was William D. Bunkley. After the death\\nof Mr. Bunkley, who left a large estate, his widow married Mr. Billingslea.\\nAfter the death of Billingslea, she married Samuel Lowther, Esq. Captain Jona-\\nthan Parish married the annt of Jesse L. Bunkley by the mother s side, and in\\n1815, was appointed guardian of the person and property of Jesse. The estate\\nleft to Jesse by his father was considerable. At the time when it was claimed\\nby Elijah Barber, who personated Jesse L. Bunkley, it is supposed that it would\\nhave amounted to between thirty and forty thousand dollars. Young Bunkley\\nhaving ample means to educate him in the best style usual in our country,", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0568.jp2"}, "565": {"fulltext": "JONES COUNTY. 507\\nwas, from five years old, sent to the first schools and academies in the vicinity,\\nwas prepared for college, and entered the University of Georgia. As is too common\\nwith young men of fortune, Jesse L. Bunkley did not feel the necessity of personal\\nexertion to get him through the world. He was consequently wild and rude,\\nthough talented; his habits did not permit him to remain long a student of the\\nUniversity. He made frequent excursions to our large cities and elsewhere, to\\nindulge in amusements more congenial to him than the strict rules of a college\\nlife.\\nAfter he left college, in order to indulge his disposition for roaming and amuse-\\nment, he determined to make a trip to the westward and to New-Orleans. At\\nthis time, 1825, his mother lived about three miles from Clinton, Jones County,\\nGeorgia. She testified that he left there on the 17th day of May, 1825, aged\\nnineteen years and six months. She heard from him occasionally, by letter and\\notherwise, for little more than two years. After this it was generally reported and\\nbelieved in and about Clinton, that Jesse L. Bunkley had died in New-Orleans.\\nAnd this report was so much confided in, that his guardian paid out his estate\\nto his brother, William D. Bunkley, (generally called familiarly Bob Bunkley,)\\nwho was entitled to his brother s estate upon his death. William D. Bunkley\\nhas since died, and his estate descended to his widow and children, residing in\\nAlabama.\\nThe following is the description given of Jesse L. Bunkley when he left Geor-\\ngia Light complexion, a little inclined to be swarthy, light hair, yellow eyes, face\\nfull and round, a deep dimple in the chin, full jaws, the upper one inclined to\\nturn up when he laughed; nose large, and a little turned up at the end; large\\nhips, large thighs and legs, a full body, but slim round the waist. The middle\\nfinger of the left hand was bit off above the nail, the nail entirely gone a scar\\non the right side of the neck, under the jaw-bone, which grew up into a ridge a\\nscar immediately under the left knee-pan, directly across the leg. A mark is\\nalso described on a private part of Bunkley, by Mr. Williams, who was present\\nwhen he got the wound.\\nWe collect, from the history of the case, that from about the middle of the\\nyear 1827, till about the year 1830, or 1831, nothing was heard of Bunkley; but\\nthe belief of his death generally prevailed among his relatives and acquaintances\\nin Georgia. About this time counter reports began to reach them that he was\\ndead, and that he was alive. Rumours reached Clinton that he had been seen\\nchained to a block, working on the streets and the Levee at New-Orleans.\\nAbout 1832 or 1833, the report became current that he was confined in the\\nCalaboose, in New-Orleans. About this time a correspondence was commenced\\nbetween a person in the Calaboose and a respectable gentleman of the bar in\\nClinton, in which the former represented himself to be Jesse L. Bunkley, and\\nwrote to the latter under that name, with a view to procure money to aid him in\\nhis difficulties, from the estate left to his son by William D. Bunkley. The indi-\\nvidual in the Calaboose was visited by Major Wynn of Columbus, who knew\\nBunkley, but who identified him to be the prisoner on his trial. He was con-\\nvicted and confined in the Calaboose, under the name of Elijah Barber, of having\\nforged bank-notes in his possession. He afterwards opened a correspondence\\nwith the mother of Bunkley but failed to satisfy her of his identity. This indi-", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0569.jp2"}, "566": {"fulltext": "508 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nvidual had been well known to many persons in Georgia, for a number of years.\\nMany of the citizens of Gwinnett and other counties knew him well as Elijah\\nBarber. He was recognized by that name about Macon, Milledgeville, Augus-\\nta, and elsewhere. The citizens generally were acquainted with his father,\\nmother, and family. He was seen as late as the year 1828 in Milledgeville, and\\n1829 in Augusta, three or four years after Bunkley left the State. He was a\\nwild, dissipated, intemperate man, extremely illiterate, so much so, that he\\ncould not write his name and was frequently arrested for breaches of the laws.\\nBarber first demanded his estate of the guardian of Bunkley, by power of\\nattorney, purporting to have been written in the State of Arkansas. The guar-\\ndian suspected some unfairness, as he did not recognize the handwriting, and\\nbelieved Bunkley to be dead. He therefore refused to settle with the agent who\\nproduced the power of attorney.\\nA short time after this, the person representing himself as Jesse L. Bunkley,\\nmade his appearance in Jones County, and after remaining there two or three\\nweeks, demanded of Captain Parish the estate of Jesse L. Bunkley. He passed\\nby the name of Bunkley, and this personation and demand gave origin to the\\ncase here reported.\\nElijah Barber (the man convicted) is about the ordinary stature, perhaps a\\nlittle over it, said to be taller than Bunkley when he left Georgia spare made\\nvery little bow-legged somewhat thin-visaged, face rather long complexion\\nruddy hair quite black, and black whiskers deep blue eyes sharp chin, with-\\nout any appearance of a dimple nose long and sharp, a little aquiline, or turned\\ndown. On his left leg, about an inch and a half below the knee, is a scar made\\nobliquely up the leg. He shows a very small spot for a scar on the side of the\\nneck under the right jaw-bone. A very peculiar mark on a private member is\\nproved. He has not lost any of his fingers the nails are all on them, and perfect.\\nHe has never been seen to write anything but Jesse L. Bunkley, and that badly.\\nOne of the witnesses described a scar or scars on Barber s leg from the bite\\nof a snake. Barber exhibited himself before the jury, and scars were found on\\nhis right leg, very much resembling the description of the wounds from the bite\\nof a snake.\\nTwo objections were raised by the prisoner s counsel when the indictment was\\nabout to be read.\\n1st Objection That prisoner had not been served with a copy of this indict-\\nment.\\n2nd That the indictment has been amended by adding to it the name of a\\nnew prosecutor, the former being dead, and that the statute of jeofails extends to\\ncivil and not criminal cases.\\nWhich objections, however, were overruled by the court, who ordered the in-\\ndictment to be read.\\nNinety-eight witnesses were sworn in behalf of the State, and thirty-nine in\\nbehalf of the prisoner.\\nThe jury were out but a few minutes, and returned a verdict of guilty. The pri-\\nsoner was sentenced to five years imprisonment at hard labour in the Penitentiary.\\nThe Solicitor-General, William G. Smith, Hardeman, Colquitt, and Reid, for\\nthe State, and James Smith and E. Y. Hill for the prisoner.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0570.jp2"}, "567": {"fulltext": "LAURENS COUNTY. 509\\nLAURENS COUNTY.\\nThis county was named after Lieutenant-Colonel John Laurens,\\nwho was killed in the Revolutionary War, near Combahee, South\\nCarolina, 27th of August, 1782. It was laid out in 1807, and por-\\ntions of it added to Pulaski in 1808-9. Length, 32 m. breadth, 22\\nm. area square miles, 704.\\nExtract from the last Census. White males, 1,740 white females,\\n1,719 free coloured males, 3 free coloured females, 6. Total free\\npopulation, 3,468 slaves, 2,974. Deaths, 54. Farms, 328 manu-\\nfacturing establishments, 6. Value of real estate, $464,181 value\\nof personal estate, $1,171,164.\\nThe Oconee is the chief stream.\\nThere are numerous creeks, such as Deep, Okeewalkee, Tickee\\nHachee, Palmetto, Turkey, Hunger, Hardship, Shaddock, Pues, and\\nWhitewater.\\nThe climate is considered as pleasant as any in the United States.\\nDublin, the county seat, is situated half a mile from the Oconee\\nRiver, forty-six miles from Milledgeville, sixty from Macon, and one\\nhundred and twenty from Savannah.\\nThe public places are, Thomas Cross Roads, Hampton s Mills,\\nLaurens Hill, and Buckeye.\\nThe face of the country is rolling. The soil has a clay foundation,\\nwith sand and vegetable mould in the pine, and a good mixture of\\nlime, with mould and sand, in the oak lands.\\nThe oak and hickory lands constitute one-third of the cultivated\\nportion of the county the remainder are, for the greater part, the\\nopen pine woods and wire-grass. The wire-grass lands are very sus-\\nceptible of improvement a little manure is sufficient to give from ten to\\ntwelve bushels of corn, ten to twelve of wheat, and two hundred bushels\\nof sweet potatoes. The wire-grass itself is valuable. There is no other\\nknown grass in the South which resists the cold and furnishes food to\\ncattle, sheep, and hogs, and in the spring or early summer, to the\\ntable of the farmer the. finest butter, rich in flavour and beautiful in\\ncolour. It is true that, as the season advances and winter approaches,\\nthis grass, like every perennial, becomes coarser and tougher, and is\\ntherefore less relished but never so coarse or tough as not to afford\\naliment sufficient to sustain life. Besides the wire-grass, there is the\\nlightwood, the poor man s fuel, and charcoal a fire kindled in three\\nminutes for warmth, cooking, and for every household purpose.\\nShould the time ever come when steam shall be found to be cheaper\\nfor every mechanical operation, upon an extensive scale, than water-\\npower, the pine forests will be invaluable. Every material for build-\\ning, of excellent quality, and abundant, is furnished by these forests.\\nTar and turpentine might now be made to great advantage. Such a", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0571.jp2"}, "568": {"fulltext": "510 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\ncombination of advantages makes this county, as well as others in\\nthe same parallel, a garden spot to the poor man, and a wide field to\\nthe manufacturer of cotton and wool, whenever he shall find it his\\ninterest to prefer steam to water-power.\\nAmong the early settlers were, General Blackshear, Colonel\\nMcCormick, Mr. Jonathan Sawyer, Colonel Hampton, the Robin-\\nson family, and others.\\nDISTINGUISHED MEN.\\nGeneral David Blackshear was born in Jones County, North\\nCarolina, January 31st, 1764. At an early age he took an active\\npart against the Tories. He moved to Georgia in 1790, and settled\\nin Laurens County, near the Oconee River, which was then the\\ndividing line between the whites and Indians. Here he was en-\\ngaged in several battles with the savages, and earned a high repu-\\ntation for his intrepidity. Prior, we think, to 1818, he was elected\\nBrigadier-General, and had the immediate command of a line of forts\\nin Twiggs, Pulaski, and Telfair Counties. In 1814, in consequence\\nof the disability of General Floyd to take the field, he was offered\\nthe command, by Governor Early, of the army in the service of the\\nUnited States, against the hostile Creek Indians. General Floyd,\\nhowever, recovering his health, General Blackshear was placed in\\ncommand of the army under Major-General John Mcintosh, and\\nordered to rendezvous at Fort Hawkins. This order was obeyed.\\nThe force raised amounted to 2,500 men, and was intended to join\\nGeneral Jackson near Mobile, being marched first to Hartford, and\\nthence to Fort Early, on the Flint River. Here he received orders\\nto conduct his force to Darien, Mcintosh County. The road from\\nFort Early to Darien was opened at that time, and is still known as\\nBlackshear s Road. In 1815, a vote of thanks was given to\\nGenerals Mcintosh and Blackshear by the Legislature of Georgia for\\ntheir faithful services. In various ways General Blackshear served\\nthe State of Georgia. He represented Washington County first, and\\nafterwards Laurens, for a number of years. He was one of the elec-\\ntors who voted for Mr. Jefferson, and again when General Jackson\\nwas elected. He was the honoured friend of some of Georgia s noble\\nsons, such as Governors Early, Troup, Floyd, c. This good man\\ndied on the 4th of July, 1837, at his residence in Laurens County, in\\nthe seventy-fourth year of his age.\\nThe Hon. George M. Troup, so conspicuous in the annals of our\\nState, is a resident of this county.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0572.jp2"}, "569": {"fulltext": "LEE COUNTY. 511\\nLEE COUNTY\\nThis county was laid out in 1826 part set off to Muscogee and\\nMarion, 1827; part taken from Dooly in 1827; part set off to Ran-\\ndolph in 1828 and part set off to Sumter in 1835. It is 40 m. in\\nlength, and 25 m. in breadth square miles, 1,000. It was named\\nafter Richard Henry Lee, of Virginia, who on the 7th of June,\\n1776, in his place in the Congress of the United States, moved\\nthat the colonies declare themselves free and independent.\\nThe soil is fertile, producing cotton, corn, c.\\nStarkville is the seat of justice, situated nearly in the centre of\\nthe county, 130 miles S. W. of Milledgeville. The town was made\\nthe county site in 1832, and named after Major-General John Stark,\\nof Revolutionary memory.\\nPalmyra is situated on Kinchafoona Creek, ten miles from Stark-\\nville.\\nWatson s Cotton Gin Factory is located in this village. The arti-\\ncles manufactured are said to be unrivalled in their performance and\\ndurability. The machinery is propelled by water-power taken from a\\nsubterranean stream which runs at this place from twelve to fifteen\\nfeet under the surface of the earth. The limestone has been excavated\\ndown to the stream, and a head of water raised sufficient to run\\nthe machinery for the gin factory and the grist-mill. The creek upon\\nwhich the factory is built runs into Kinchafoona, about three hundred\\nyards distant.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 550 families, 550\\nwhite males, 1,576; white females, 1,449; free coloured males, 7\\n1 free coloured female. Total free population, 3,033 slaves, 3,626.\\nDeaths, 117. Farms, 387 manufacturing establishments, 7. Value\\nof real estate, $1,148,224 value of personal estate, $2,207,702.\\nAmong the early settlers of this county were, Mr. Woolbrigiit,\\nDr. Mercer, John McClendon, Wm. Spence, Joshua Clarke, J.\\nO. Edwards, John Lawhorn, John Cock, Abraham Dyson, Lewis\\nBond, Wm. Janes, E. Janes, D. Janes, D. Sneed.\\nObservations on the Soil, by Dr. Mercer. The middle and eastern por-\\ntions of this county rest upon tertiary limestone, which is found at depths vary-\\ning from twenty to fifty feet. It is the chief obstruction in sinking wells; never-\\ntheless, water is generally obtained by penetrating it thirty or forty feet. This rock\\nmakes good, but not very white lime. The free and general use of it in agricul-\\nture would greatly improve the soil, and promote the health of the citizens. This\\nlimestone is covered by a bed of earth destitute of fossils, and consisting of sand,", "height": "3344", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0573.jp2"}, "570": {"fulltext": "512 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nclay, and water-worn pebbles of primary rocks. It is a diluvium, having evi-\\ndently been transported from the older parts of the continent. The smaller\\nstreams, as well as the Flint River, have washed away this diluvium in their\\ncourses down to the limestone, and in this also have dissolved channels, in which\\nthey now flow. Rain-water, charged as it always is, more or less, with carbonic\\nacid, percolating through the diluvium, has dissolved here and there subterranean\\nchannels and caverns in the limestone, and these, giving way from time to time\\nto the superincumbent weight of earth, have formed the lime-sinks and ponds that\\ndiversify and distinguish the topography of the country. Strewn over and imbed-\\nded in the diluvium are innumerable fragments of burrstone, the remains, no\\ndoubt, of a bed once much more continuous than the present, the softer portions\\nhaving been destroyed by the combined agency of rain, fire, and frost. The fos-\\nsils prove that it belongs to the same division of rocks (Eocene) as the lime-\\nstone below. Great quantities of these fragments of burrstone have been deposit-\\ned in the beds of the water-courses in the natural process of their formation, and\\nfrom aggregation constitute the existing shoals that obstruct their navigation.\\nDestruction of an Indian Town. In this county there was for-\\nmerly an Indian town called Cheha, and sometimes Au-muc-cul-la.\\nIt was destroyed by a force under Captain Wright, on the 23d of\\nApril, 1818. Its destruction produced great excitement in the country,\\nand gave rise to a spirited correspondence between General Andrew\\nJackson and William Rabun, then Governor of the State of Georgia.\\nIt was asserted that the inhabitants were friendly to the whites that\\nthey had supplied our army with a large quantity of provisions that\\nsome of the sick soldiers had been left under their protection and\\nthat forty of their warriors were at that very time fighting for the\\nUnited States under General Jackson. It was declared to be an of-\\nfence of such enormity as to be without a parallel in history, c.\\nWe have taken pains to collect the facts connected with this affair,\\nas far as we were able, and believe them to be substantially the fol-\\nlowing\\nIn March, 1818, Governor Rabun requested General Jackson to\\nstation a sufficient military force on the frontier, to protect the most,\\nexposed parts against the incursions of the Indians. To this applica-\\ntion no answer was given. Governor Rabun, believing it to be his\\nduty to provide for the safety of the frontier inhabitants, ordered Cap-\\ntain Obed Wright, with a sufficient force, to proceed immediately\\nagainst the Felemma and Hopaunee towns, the inhabitants of which\\nwere known to be decidedly hostile, and had committed many mur-\\nders. The orders of Governor Rabun confined Captain Wright spe-\\ncially to this object. Captain Wright took up the line of march from\\nHartford, in Pulaski County, with Captains Robinson and Rogers s\\ncompanies of mounted gunmen, Captains Dean and Childs In-\\nfantry, together with two detachments under Lieutenants Cooper and\\nJones in all about two hundred and seventy effective men. When\\nthe detachment reached the neighbourhood of Fort Early, they were\\ninformed that a celebrated old chief, Hopaunee, whose town had", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0574.jp2"}, "571": {"fulltext": "LIBERTY COUNTY. 513\\njoined the hostile party, had removed that he was at that time living\\nin the village upon which the attack was made, was considered as\\ntheir principal leader, and that a great portion of them was under his\\nimmediate direction. Captain Wright considered himself authorized\\nto attack it, as being one of Hopaunee s towns. The town was\\nattacked on the 23d of April, 1818, and in the course of two hours the\\nwhole was is flames. About ten of the inhabitants were killed. Gene-\\nral Glascock, of the Georgia Militia, in a letter to General Jackson,\\ndated April 30, 1818, in detailing this transaction, says, When the\\ndetachment arrived at Cheha, an Indian was discovered grazing\\nsome cattle he proposed to go with the interpreter, and bring any ot\\nthe chiefs for the captain to talk with. It was not attended to. An\\nadvance was ordered. The cavalry rushed forward, and commenced\\nthe massacre. Even after the firing and murder commenced, Major\\nHoward, who furnished you with corn, came out of his house with a\\nwhite flag, in front of the line. It was not respected. An order was\\ngiven for a general fire, and nearly four hundred guns were discharged\\nat him before one took effect. He fell, and was bayoneted. His son\\nalso was killed.\\nGovernor Rabun regretted very much this occurrence. Captain\\nWright was arrested by order of General Jackson, but was released\\nby the civil authority. Governor Rabun had him arrested after-\\nwards, and the President of the United States ordered him to be\\nplaced in the custody of the Marshal, but he made his escape.\\nLIBERTY COUNTY.\\nThis county was formed from the parishes of St. John, St. Andrew,\\nand St. James, in 1777. The eastern part is intersected by many\\nlarge swamps. The surface is level.\\nHinesville, named after Charlton Hines, Esq., is the county town,\\n180 miles from Milledgeville.\\nWalthourville is in the northwest part of the county.\\nDorchester is five miles from Sunbury.\\nRiceborough is on North Newport River.\\nSunbury is on the south side of Medway River, on a bold bluff\\neight miles E. S. E. of Riceborough. It was laid out, in 1758, by\\nMark Carr. Proposals were afterwards made to him to make a deed\\nof trust for this tract of land, and accordingly he executed a deed to\\nJames Maxwell, Kenith Baillie, John Elliott, and John Stevens.*\\nThis town was taken by the British in the war of the Revolution.\\nImmediately after the war it w r as quite a flourishing seaport, hav-\\ning about forty families residing in it, and twelve or fifteen square-\\nrigged vessels have been seen in its harbour at one time. The remains\\nof the old fort, from which Colonel Mcintosh sent to the British com-\\nMcCall s History of Georgia, vol. i., p. 255.\\n33", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0575.jp2"}, "572": {"fulltext": "514 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nmander the gallant reply, Come and take it, r are still to be seen\\nSunbuiy is now almost deserted, being inhabited by not more than\\nsix or eight families.\\nExtract from the Census o/1850. Dwellings, 360; families, 362\\nwhite males, 1,021 white females, 981 free coloured males, 6;\\nfree coloured females, 10. Total free population, 2,118; slaves,\\n5,908. Deaths, 116. Farms, 244 manufacturing establishments, 4.\\nValue of real estate, $514,436 value of personal estate, $2,532,235.\\nHISTORICAL NOTICES.\\nWhilst Georgia was a colony under the Trustees, the excellent\\ncharacter of its lands attracted the attention of a company of persons\\nwho were then living on the northeast bank of the Ashley River,\\neighteen miles from Charleston. They were the descendants of the\\nfirst persecuted Europeans who emigrated to New-England. Jn the\\nbeginning of 1630, a Congregational Church was gathered at Ply-\\nmouth, England, who intended to come to North America, in order to\\nenjoy civil and religious privileges. After a day of fasting and prayer,\\nthey chose Rev. John Warham and Rev. John Maverick to accom-\\npany them as their ministers. They set sail on March 20th, and ar-\\nrived at Nantasket on May 30th, where the captain put them on shore,\\nnotwithstanding his engagement was to bring them up Charles River.\\nHere they were left in a forlorn wilderness, destitute of any habita-\\ntion, and most other necessaries of life.\\nSeveral of the company having procured a boat, they proceeded to\\nCharlestown, and after various adventures, finally settled at a place\\ncalled by the Indians Mattapan, which they named Dorchester, be-\\ncause several of the settlers came from a town of that name in Eng-\\nland, and also in honour of the Rev. Mr. White, of Dorchester.\\nIn 1695 a church was gathered in this town, and Mr. Joseph Lord\\nwas ordained its pastor, for the purpose of removing to South Caro-\\nlina, to encourage the settlement of churches, and the promotion of\\nreligion in the Southern plantations. After a passage of fourteen\\ndays, they landed at Carolina, and on the 2d of February, 1696,\\nwas the first Sacrament of the Lord s Supper that was ever celebrated\\nat Carolina. The place proving unhealthy, and the quantity of lands\\ntoo small for the inhabitants, they determined to remove to Georgia.\\nThe causes of their removal are stated in the Record-book of the Med-\\nway Church in the following manner\\nOur ancestors, having a greater regard to a compact Settlement and religious\\nSociety than future temporal advantages, took up but small tracts of land, many\\nof which, after their Disease, being divided amongst their children, reduced them\\nstill to smaller, in consequence of which our lands were generally soon worn\\nout. Few had sufficient for the convenient support and Maintenance of their\\nfamilies, and some none at all, nor likely to get any among us. Young people,\\nas they grew up and settled for themselves, were obliged, for want of lands, to\\nmove out from us. Dorchester and Beach Hill, the places where we settled, being", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0576.jp2"}, "573": {"fulltext": "LIBERTY COUNTY. 515\\nalso a very sickly part of the country, several persons among us, chiefly for\\nthese reasons, seemed very anxious to move out from us, and had several times\\nsearched for some other place in Carolina, but could find none capacious and\\nconvenient enough for that purpose notwithstanding which, the same disposi-\\ntion to remove continuing with several, occasioned some serious reflection on the\\nstate and circumstances of this Church, and it was thought probable, that unless\\nsome tract of land, suitable for the convenient and compact settlement and support\\nof a Congregation, could be found to which we might remove, and settle in a body,\\nthe Society would, in a few years at most, be dispersed, so as not to be capable of\\nsupporting the Gospel among us, especially if we should lose our present pastor,\\nand (which in that case seems not unlikely) be any considerable time without\\nthe administration of Gospel ordinances among us the only circumstance which\\nat present detains many, otherwise quite inclined to remove from us. Upon these\\nconsiderations, a removal of the whole Society seemed advisable and having\\nheard a good character of the lands in Georgia, twas thought properthat some should\\ntake a journey to that Colony, and search out some place there conveniently for\\nour purpose, which was accordingly performed at several inquisitions, and issued\\nat length in a tolerable satisfaction as to the capacity of the place, and a remove\\nhereupon was more generally concluded on,\\nOn Monday, ye 11th of May, anno 1752, three persons of our Society sett off\\nfrom Beach Hill for Georgia, to view the lands there; and on Thursday, the 16th,\\narrived at Medway, the place proposed. After a few days stay, haveing viewed\\nMed way Swamp, and approving of it, and heard of large Quantitys of good Lands\\nadjoining, they returned home, with an account of what they had heard and seen.\\n\\\\jpon which a Disposition to remove seemed to encrease among us, tho opposed\\nby several, and a Further Search was determined. A Petition was also drawn up,\\nand signed by many, to be presented to the Council of Georgia, for a Reserve of\\na Quantity of Land for us, if approved of by the Searchers and on Monday, ye\\n15th of June, 1752, five of the said Society sett off for Medway, where they arrived\\non Thursday, the 25th, and continued their searches till the third of July, and\\ngot as good a satisfaction for the Time as could be expected, and returned from\\nthence to Savanna with their Petition, and got a Grant of 22,400 acres of land, to\\nbe reserved for us eighteen months. From thence they returned home on the\\nfourteenth of July, when people were differently affected with the relation of\\nwhat they had discovered, and how far they had proceeded. Several used their\\nEndeavours to frustrate the Scheme, notwithstanding which, an Inclination to re-\\nmove seemed considerably in the Ascendant. Several Persons not included in the\\nformer grant were now desirous of joining with us, and a new Petition was drawn\\nup, to which were affixed the names of thirty persons more, and it was determined\\nthat another journey should be made to the place, in order to survey the lands\\nalready granted, to petition for more, and to make a further search. About the\\nBeginning of August, 1752, six persons sett off by Land, and on the 10th of the\\nsame month, Seven more by water, to survey the Lands, and begin Settlements.\\nThose by land caryed in the petition, and got a grant of nine thousand five hun-\\ndred and fifty acres more of land, and took a further prospect of the place but,\\nbeing disappointed in the coming of the Schooner, which was to have met them\\nat the place, on board of which was most of their provisions and their Negroes", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0577.jp2"}, "574": {"fulltext": "516 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA\\nthey were obliged to return without, effecting much there. On the 12th of Sep-\\ntember, in the evening, they got on board, in order to return, and on the 14th got\\ndown to St. Catherine s Island, from whence they intended to have proceeded\\nthe next day to Sea but Providence, happily for them, ordered them a Disappoint-\\nment, which kept them some days from their purpose, for on the while they\\nlay in the harbour, there arose an Hurricane, which was in Carolina the most\\nviolent that ever was known since the Settlement of the English there, which in\\nmany places left not one tree in Twenty standing, and threw down many Build-\\nings. On the 16th, they attempted to put out to sea, but could not, and therefore\\nwent within land to Tibi, where, meeting with high winds, they sailed up to\\nSavanna, where several, leaving the vessel, went home by land; the rest, who\\nremained in her, had a tedious, long passage, and were met by a second hurri-\\ncane before they got home, but were then aho in a safe Harbour. In their passage\\nto Georgia, one negro fell overboard, and was drowned, and those who went up\\nby land had two of their horses drowned in their return. These adverse Provi-\\ndences were very discouraging to most, and brought the affaire of our Removing\\nto a very considerable stand.\\nOn the 16th of May, 1752, a settlement was commenced at Med-\\nway.\\nMr. James Habersham, in a letter to Mr. Martyn, Secretary to the\\nTrustees of Georgia, thus speaks of this emigration\\nIn 1752, five persons, deputed by forty-three families, part of a congregation of\\nProtestant dissenters, with their minister, in the neighbouring province, had ap-\\nplied for lands to settle here, which was granted and that it was expected that\\nseveral more of their brethren would want to join them. Accordingly twenty-\\neight persons by their deputies petitioned the Board yesterday for lands, and\\nreceived a satisfactory answer. These twenty-eight, with their families, con-\\nsist (by the account of the deputies) of 77 whites and 158 blacks, which, with\\nthe former 43 families, make 280 whites, men. women and children, and 536\\nblacks. Part of the first petitioners are gone to have their lands laid out, and\\nmake the necessary preparation for the rest to follow.\\nThese people, with their minister, are not unknown to many in this colony,\\nand we have an extraordinary character of them from all quarters, which I be-\\nlieve they very justly deserve. They will all be settled as contiguous as possible\\nfor the conveniency of meeting together in public worship, which they say is a\\nprincipal end of their moving, for where they formerly resided, many of them\\nwere very much pinched for land, and some rented what they occupied, which\\nwas very discouraging, and would have obliged them to separate; and to prevent\\nthis, those who were well accommodated in respect to lands, proposed to dispose\\nof them, and remove with those that wanted. They will be settled on the heads\\nof Medway and Newport rivers, about thirty or forty miles south of this town,\\nwhich will greatly strengthen those parts. I really look upon these people mov-\\ning here to be one of the most favourable circumstances that could befall the\\ncolony. They are all inured to the climate, know how to begin new settlements,\\nand will be an immediate benefit by increasing her products.\\nColonial Documents.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0578.jp2"}, "575": {"fulltext": "LIBERTY COUNTY.\\n517\\ndo.\\ndo.\\ndo.\\ndo.\\nEARLY SETTLERS OF LIBERTY COUNTY.\\nThe following is from the Record-Book of the Medway Church\\nArrived from Dorchester and Beach Hill, in South Carolina, to Medway and\\nNewport, in Georgia, for inhabitation y u\\n1752, Dec. 6, Sam l Bacon and family. 1754, May 10, Bwj.Andhew and family.\\nI7\u00c2\u00abM f N p JAMINBAKER d fromPonpon.\\n7 3, March 24, Parmenas Way, do. 1755, March, Thomas Peacock,\\nllu If P\u00c2\u00b0 HN E e VENS d Charlestown.\\n1754, March, Richard Spencer, do. 1755, March 16. John Gorton\\nRichard Baker, do. April 15, John Winn,\\n3, Josiah Osgood, do. John Luptan,\\n31, Samuel Way, do. 20 Joseph Bacon,\\nApril 22, John Elliott. j oseph Massey p onpon\\nMay 2, John Quarterman, do. 1 755, May 6, Andrew Way do\\nJune 8, Rev. Mr. J Osgood, do. IsAAC g^J do\\nFebruary, Sarah Mitchell, do. 1756, Feb, Wm. Graves, do\\nfromPonpon. Mr. John Stewart, Sen, do\\nJohn Mitchell, do. 1756, April 20, Mr. John Graves, do\\na T ,00 fr m 0n P on Mr. Daniel Donnom,\\nJune 12 Samuel Brunley, do. Mr. Richard Gerreaudeau, do\\nMay 2, Edward Way, do. 1758, March 13, James Andrew, do*.\\n\u00e2\u0084\u00a2T T? D da M 12, Mr. Samuel Jeans, do.\\n17.4 May 22 Wm Baker, do. 1759, Jan. 26, Mr. Palmer Goading, do.\\nApril 6 John bHAVE, do. 1771, Mar. 22, Mr. Jonathan Bacon do.\\nNathaniel Way, do. Wm. Norman. do\\nJohn Quarterman, Jr., Moses Way. J une 1, Isham Andrews.\\nWe continue our extracts from the Medway Church books\\n1754 31st of November\u00e2\u0080\u0094John Elliott was chosen a Representative to the\\nGeneral Assembly.\\n1755 29th o/March.-Two of us went to Savannah to attend upon the Gover-\\nnor and Council.\\n1755, 19th of May, Monday.~We had our first muster, when the militia law\\nwas read at the head of the company.\\n1755, 29th ofMay.-Dr. Samuel Stevens, Messrs. John Graves, and William\\nGraves, arrived.\\n1756.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A letter came to us from the Hon. Jonathan Bryan, Esq one of his\\nMajestie s Council for this colony, giving an account of some Creek Indians bein-\\nslain by some persons from the Northward, who had settled themselves pretty\\nhigh upon the Great Ogeechee River, in a quarrel about some creatures which\\nthe Indians had taken from them j that the Indians were very much irritated\\nand declared they must have blood for blood; and that all means to pacify them\\nseemed to no purpose, and advising us with expedition to build a fort for our\\nsafety. People are very much alarmed with the news, and consultations were\\nimmediately had about the building and place for a fort, and it was determined", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0579.jp2"}, "576": {"fulltext": "18\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nby a majority, that it should be at Captain Mark Carr s, low down, and upon the\\nriver near the sound, at about seven or eight miles distance from the nearest of the\\nsettlementof the Society, which accordingly was begun on the 20th September, 1756.\\nOctober, 1756. We hear that the Indians, upon the arrival of one who was\\nwounded in the quarrel, and the relation he gave them of it, were as uneasy\\nabout it as ourselves, blamed their people for stealing the English horses, and\\nhave sent them runners, to spare us of their own, and desire the continuance of\\ntheir friendship.\\nTHE MEDWAY CHURCH.\\n1757, July 11. Last night, received letters from some of our neighbours who\\nwere going on a trading voyage to Augustine, and taken by a French privateer,\\nthe captain of which made one of the company pretty large offers to bring him\\nin at St. Catherine s, and told them he was informed of a rich vessel lately ar-\\nrived there. Our neighbours having agreed to the ransom of the vessel and car-\\ngo, were let go by the privateer, and meeting with another of the inhabitants re-\\nturning in a canoe with part of the said letters, and in them advised us to take\\ncare of ourselves, upon which we were called down this day to Sunbury, where\\nwe raised a couple of batteries, and made carriages for eight small cannon,\\nwhich were at the place.\\n1757, July 16. Before day, we were alarmed by the fire of cannon at Sun-\\nbury, whither we repaired, and a boat went out, but could discover nothing.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0580.jp2"}, "577": {"fulltext": "LIBERTY COUNTY.\\n519\\n1760, May 27. An express arrived from the Creek Nation, informing us that\\nseveral of the traders were killed there, upon which many of the out-settlers left\\ntheir settlements.\\n1773, Aug. 2. Our dear and much honoured pastor, the Rev. Mr. John Os-\\ngood, departed this life.\\nThe first house for public worship was erected on Metlway Neck,\\nnear the plantation of Mr. Thomas Mallard. About 1754, measures\\nwere taken to build a new meeting-house. It was erected at the Cross\\nPaths, on the north side of the north branch of Newport Swamp, 44 feet\\nby 36, with a gallery 18 feet, and pitched roof, hipped at one end, and a\\nsmall steeple at the other. The steeple was placed west, and the pul-\\npit north. This house was destroyed by fire in 1778, by a body of\\narmed men, under the command of Colonel Prevost. At the close\\nof the Revolution, a coarse building was put up near the place\\nwhere the old meeting-house stood, 40 feet by 30, with posts in the\\nground, and the sides filled up with poles. The present meeting-\\nhouse, of which a view is annexed, was built in 1792. The body of\\nCEMETERY OF MEDWAY CHURCH.\\nthe house measures 60 feet by 40. There is a large cemetery con-\\nnected with this church, contiguous to it, which is happily illustrated\\nby the accompanying engraving. The view of the cemetery, as also\\nthat of the church, was taken from a daguerreotype politely fur-\\nnished us by a promising young artist of Liberty.\\nList of the pastors of the Med way Church, from its organization to\\nthe present time Rev. John Osgood, Rev. Moses Allen, Rev.\\nAbiel Holmes, D. D., Rev. Cyrus Gildersleeve, Rev. Murdogk\\nMurphey Rev. Robert Quarterman, Rev. J. S. R. Axon.", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0581.jp2"}, "578": {"fulltext": "520 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nLiberty County was the theatre of many important events during\\nthe Revolution. The reader may recollect, that at a meeting held at\\nSavannah, to determine whether deputies should be sent to join those\\nof the other colonies at the Continental Congress, it was decided in the\\nnegative. St. John s Parish, now Liberty County, dissented from that\\nnegative. The following papers will explain the conduct of her sons\\nupon this occasion\\nSt. John s Parish, Georgia. On Thursday evening, 23d of February, 1775,\\nJoseph Wood, Mr. Daniel Roberts, and Mr. Samuel Stevens, three members of\\nthe Committee for the Parish of St. John, in Georgia, arrived in Charlestown, S. C.,\\ndeputed to wait on the General Committee there, with the following letter and\\naccount of the proceedings of the inhabitants of that parish, in the present criti-\\ncal situation of American affairs\\nAt a meeting held in the Parish of St. John s, 9th of February, 1 775, a letter\\nfrom this Committee to the Committee of Correspondence, in Charlestown, S. C,\\nwas agreed to and written.\\nIt was then moved and agreed that some person or persons of this Committee\\ndo wait upon the Committee in Charlestown, with said letter. Accordingly,\\nMessrs. Daniel Roberts, Samuel Stevens, and Joseph Wood were appointed and\\nauthorized to present the same, and transact such matters relative thereto as\\nshall seem prudent and necessary.\\nTaken from the minutes by order of the Chairman, and certified by Benjamin\\nBaker, Clerk.\\nGentlemen: We, the Committee of the Parish of St. John, take the earliest\\nopportunity to lay before you the several steps taken by this Parish to conform,\\nas near as possible, to the resolutions entered into by the other Provinces, and the\\nmeasures now adopted for carrying into execution the Continental Association.\\nAs it was particularly recommended to us, we readily embraced those measures,\\nby subscribing an agreement to accede to the General Association, on condition\\nthat trade and commerce might be continued to us with the Provinces, and we\\nshould have immediately sent it to you for your approbation, but were delayed by\\na summons to attend a Provincial Congress at Savannah, 18th of January last,\\nfor the purpose, we understood, of a General Association with the other Pro-\\nvinces, and forchoosing delegates to attend at the next Continental Congress to be\\nheld at Philadelphia in May next. We met at that time and place, and ac-\\nquainted the Committees of the other parishes then assembled, that the inhabit-\\nants of this parish had acceded to the General Association on the above-men-\\ntioned conditions, and earnestly recommended the same to them. They did en-\\nter into an association, (a copy of which we transmit to you.) but so different, in\\nour opinion, from the Continental Association, that it appears to be a contraven-\\ntion of it, and exposes them to the censure of the 14th clause of the General As-\\nsociation.\\n1st. They have extended the time limited for exportations beyond what is al-\\nlowed by the Continental Congress, and thereby indulged a liberty of exporta-\\ntions to the prejudice of the other Provinces. 2d. For that in their limited time\\nof importations, they have, contrary to the Continental Association, extended it", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0582.jp2"}, "579": {"fulltext": "LIBERTY COUNTY. 521\\nin general to 15th of March next, for goods to be shipped to England, and for the\\nIndian trade, to a still greater latitude, under the cloak of which, we have reason\\nto believe, may be introduced a large importation equally adapted to the whites\\nas well as to the Indians, and on the whole, such as we could not, consistent with\\nour own association, possibly join in. Had they acceded fully to the General\\nAssociation, even at so late a time as our Provincial Congress, we should have\\nno occasion to trouble you with this address; but as they did not, we now apply\\nto you to admit us, the subscribers in this parish, to an alliance with you, request-\\ning that you will allow trade and commerce to be continued to us, exclusive, if\\nyou think proper, of this Province in general the same to be continued and con-\\nducted under such regulations and restrictions as shall be consistent with the Ge-\\nneral Association, and which on our parts we engage with all possible care to\\nkeep inviolate. Our being a parish of a non-associated Province, cannot, we\\npresume, prevent our joining the other Provinces, as the restriction mentioned in\\nthe 14th clause of the General Association must, as we apprehend, be consider-\\ned as a general rule only, and respects this Province considered m a mixed or\\npromiscuous sense but as we of this parish are a body detached from the rest by\\nour resolutions and association, and sufficiently distinct by local situation, large\\nenough for particular notice, and have been treated as such by a particular ad-\\ndress from the late Continental Congress adjoining a sea-port, and in that re-\\nspect capable of conforming to the General Association, and (if connected with\\nyou) with the same fidelity as a distinct parish of your own Province therefore\\nwe must be considered as comprehended within the spirit and equitable meaning\\nof the Continental Association, and we are assured you will not condemn the inno-\\ncent with the guilty, especially when a due separation is made between them.\\nWe now wait your answer, and shall be glad of your advice.\\n(Signed,)\\nLyman Hall, Chairman.\\nMedwav, Fehuary 9, 1775.\\nTo the Committee of Correspondence in Charlestown, South Carolina.\\nExtracts from the Minutes of tlie Proceedings of the Committee of the\\nParish cf St. John, met at Savannah, ISth January, 1775.\\nWednesday, Jan. 18, 1775. The Committee met, and Dr. Lyman Hall took the\\nChair. The following message was sent to the Committees of the several parish-\\nes in Congress sitting\\nGentlemen The Committee of the Parish of St. John present the Commit-\\ntees of the other parishes with a copy of a letter received by them from the\\nlate Continental Congress, and agreeably to the advice therein contained, the in-\\nhabitants of the Parish of St. John have acceded to the General Association, en-\\ntered into and recommended by the said Continental Congress. They hope you\\nwill adopt the same measures.\\nThursday, Jan. 19, 1775. The Committee sat until six o clock in the afternoon,\\nin expectation that the Committees of the several parishes, in Congress sitting,", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0583.jp2"}, "580": {"fulltext": "522 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nwould return an answer to the message delivered to them yesterday, which not\\nbeing received, the Committee adjourned.\\nFriday, Jan. 20, 1775. Another message was sent to the Committees of the\\nseveral parishes in Congress met, in the following terms\\nGentlemen On the first day of your meeting, we presented you with a mes-\\nsage acquainting you that the inhabitants of the Parish of St. John have acceded\\nto the General Association entered into, and particularly recommended to them\\nby the late Continental Congress. We have patiently waited your answer, and\\nwish to impute your silence rather to inattention than design. We now assure\\nyou, if you think proper to enter fully into the measures of the late Continental\\nCongress, we will heartily join you in everything that may tend to enforce them.\\nThe Committees of the several parishes sent the following answer\\nGentlemen In answer to your message of this morning, we beg leave to\\ninform you of three determinations from which we hope this Congress will never\\nrecede.\\n1st. That we should be glad to have the Province upon this occasion as fully\\nrepresented as possible, and will cheerfully receive the delegates of St. John s\\nParish as part of us.\\n2d. That we apprehend every delegate here is accountable to his constitu-\\nents and his own conscience for the opinion he gives at this time, and therefore\\nought not to let any other man, or set of men, judge for him.\\n3d. That we trust no member amongst us has any other object in view but\\nthe public good.\\nSaturday Jan. 21, 1775. Committee met, and came to the following resolu-\\ntions\\nResolved, That the Committees of the several parishes in Congress, now sitting,\\nare not, nor cannot, be called a Provincial Congress, as the greatest number of\\nparishes in this Province are not represented therein they therefore are not\\nbound by the proceedings of said Committees, although they may arrogate to\\nthemselves such a power.\\nResolved, That as the Committees of the several parishes in Congress, now sit-\\nting, have not fully approved of dnd adopted the measures entered into and re-\\ncommended by the late Continental Congress, this Committee cannot join them\\nwithout violating the General Association which they have already acceded to,\\nand betraying the trust reposed in them by Iheir constituents.\\nAnd then the Committee adjourned sine die.\\nAbove extracts taken from original minutes, by Joseph Wood, Secretary.\\nThe following are the resolutions adopted by the General Com\\nmittee at Charlestown, S. C, in reference to the Colony of Georgia,\\nand the action taken by the citizens of the Parish of St. John\\nIn General Committee, Charlestown, Feb. 8, 1775. Inasmuch as the Colony of\\nGeorgia hath not acceded to the Continental Association, entered into by the Gene-\\nral Congress at Philadelphia, 20th of October last; therefore, and in conformity\\nto the resolution of said Continental Congress,", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0584.jp2"}, "581": {"fulltext": "LIBERTY COUNTY. 523\\nResolved, That we will from henceforth have no trade, commerce, dealings, or\\nintercourse with the said Colony of Georgia, but will hold them as unworthy of\\nthe rights of freemen, and inimical to the liberties of their country.\\nFeb. 24, 1775. A letter and sundry papers from the Parish of St. John s were\\nconsidered and it was\\nResolved, That the Chairman be desired to write a proper letter to the Commit-\\ntee of the Parish of St. John, in Georgia, assuring them of the high sense we\\nhave of their arduous struggle in favour of the common cause of America, and\\nthat we sincerely lament their present unhappy situation; but as the parish is a\\npart of the Colony of Georgia, in our opinion falls under the 14th article of the\\nGeneral Association, so we apprehend that it is not in our power to give them\\nthat relief they desire, and we can only recommend that they will persevere in\\ntheir laudable exertions, and lay a state of their case before the ensuing Conti-\\nnental Congress, making no doubt that it will by them be properly considered.\\nThe determination of the inhabitants of this county to send dele-\\ngates to Congress before the rest of the Province had acquiesced\\nin that measure, induced the Legislature to change the name of\\nSt John s Parish to that of Liberty County.\\nAn idea of the spirit of the people may be gathered from the\\nfollowing letter addressed by Sir James Wright, then Governor of\\nGeorgia, dated 24th of April, 1775, to the Earl of Dartmouth\\nBut here, my Lord, I must mention that a few inhabitants of the Parish of St.\\nJohn s, chiefly descendants of New-England people, of the Puritan Independent\\nsect, and who left New-England and settled in South Carolina about forty or\\nfifty years ago, and who, there is great reason to believe, still retain a strong\\ntincture of Republican or Oliverian principles, have entered into an agreement\\namongst themselves to adopt both the resolutions and association of the Con-\\ntinental Congress. They did not join the people here, but sent three persons to\\nCharlestown, in South Carolina, to the Committee, as they call them, offering to\\nassociate with them but they would have nothing to say to them, being but a\\nfew, or a part of one parish only; and I am told they have appointed a man,\\nLyman Hall, of New-England extract, to go from thence to meet in Philadelphia\\nnext month, where, I expect, they will be treated in the same manner as in\\nCharlestown. And these poor insignificant fanatics no sooner entered into associa-\\ntion, than they broke through it in many instances, and still do, although they\\npretend great sanctity, and to be strict adherents of religion and liberty, as they\\nterm it; and it is said they have collected about 200 barrels of rice, which Hall\\nis to carry with him for the relief of their poor distressed, innocent brethren in\\nBoston, suffering under tyranny and oppression.\\nThe annals of this county are rich in Revolutionary incidents.\\nAbout one mile and a half south of Medway Church, the brave\\nGeneral James Screven was killed.\\nThe following correspondence, copied from the London Remem-", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0585.jp2"}, "582": {"fulltext": "524 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nbrancer, will explain some circumstances connected with the battle\\nat Midway, in which this noble patriot fell\\nCamp at Medway, Nov. 20, 1778.\\nSir General Screven and Mr. Strother having been missing since the skir-\\nmish with your troops, I have sent Major Habersham to know whether they had\\nfallen, or are prisoners in your hands and, in the former case, to request thai\\ntheir corpses may be permitted to be brought in for interment. 1 cannot avoid,\\non the present occasion, to complain of the equally ruinous and disgraceful war-\\nfare carried on by the troops under your command. While your King affects to\\nwish a pacification with America, his officers are heightening the resentment of\\nthe people by the most contrary to good offices. What advantages or consola-\\ntions do you derive from cruel burnings Are not the effects of war sufficiently\\ncalamitous for the community, that you should transfer them to individuals, and\\nin a manner, too, without discrimination Britons did not use to do so it is their\\npractice only in these latter days. Having fought in their service, I feel a right\\nto remonstrate against it, and which I more earnestly do, that it may prevent the\\nhorrors of retaliation.\\nJ am, Sir,\\nJ. White, C. C.\\nLieut. -Colonel J. Pkevost, Commander of the King s Troops.\\nanswer to the above.\\nSt. John s Parish, Nov. 22, 1778.\\nSir: I had the honour of yours relative to Brigadier-General Screven and Mr.\\nStrother. The former, I am happy to inform you, is likely to do well, from the\\nreport of the surgeons. The other, I believe, is dead. I shall give directions for\\nhis burial.\\nWhen you come to consider that many of the troops under my command are\\nirregulars, and many of them have resentments, to account for many acts which\\nI heartily abhor and that the calamities of war you complain of have been by\\npeople under your immediate command, given as a precedent, at Pierson s\\nIsland; the destruction previous to that of ever) r settlement on St. Mary s River;\\nthe wanton destruction of animal creatures on the Island of Amelia, and the mur-\\nder of Captain Moore, and others, in cold blood; you will own, I hope, that if the\\nretaliation has been severe, it might have been foreseen and expected, and the\\nmore costly, it will be less felt than that of the poor people who lost their all. At\\nthe same time. I positively disclaim any order, or even approbation, of such pro-\\nceedings. My heart bleeds for the sufferers, though authorized by the laws of\\nwar.\\nI have forbidden in the strictest manner the burning of any houses and when-\\never any people have been found to take care of their property, though known to\\nbe inimical to the King s government, I have left them in possession of every-\\nthing belonging to them, and only required them to remain quietly and peacea-\\nbly at their own houses. The hostile appearance of the inhabitants, and your\\nGovernor s indecent proclamation when your last attempt against Florida was", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0586.jp2"}, "583": {"fulltext": "LIBERTY COUNTY- 525\\nthreatened, would justify anything, if I could reconcile it to myself; at the same\\ntime, I must declare to you. that whenever I shall meet with opposition from\\nplanters and inhabitants, their property must answer for their imprudence. The\\ndestruction of provisions, which I know to be a capital loss to a planter, will at\\nleast atone for their rashness. I have to acquaint you that I have accounts of a\\nlarge number of Indians anxious to join me; the horrors attending their mode of\\ncarrying on war have always shocked me, and I could wish that I could be jus-\\ntifiable in sending them back again previous to their entering the heart of the\\nsettlement. Think not that I am vain, or mean to threaten, by demanding a\\ntame submission of the Province until the fate of America is determined; you\\nwill find that my humanity and my wish to save Georgia dictate my application\\nto you. I have the honour to be with respect, sir,\\nYour most obedient, humble servant,\\nJ. Prevost, Lieutenant-Colonel,\\nCommanding the King s Troops in Georgia.\\nP. S. Brigadier-General Screven being desirous, I was glad to send him, when\\nhe could meet with proper assistance. I am really unhappy to hear from him\\nthat one of the Rangers shot him after he was already disabled. Captain Mittuc,\\nwhom I send with him, with eight men, has orders to deliver him safe in your\\ncamp, and to return immediately. I beg he may not be detained. Your flag\\nwas detained no longer than to give proper attendance to the General.\\nI am, sir. yours,\\nJ. Prevost.\\nThe following correspondence between Colonel John Mcintosh,\\ncommanding officer in Fort Morris, and Lieutenant-Colonel Fuser,\\ncommanding a body of British troops, who then had possession of\\nthe upper part of the town of Sunbury, will be particularly interestino-\\nto the reader\\nSir You cannot be ignorant that four armies are in motion to reduce this\\nProvince. The one is always under the guns of your fort, and mav be joined\\nwhen I think proper, by Colonel Prevost, who is now at the Medway meeting-\\nhouse. The resistance you can or intend to make will only bring destruction\\nupon this country. On the contrary, if you will deliver me the fort which you\\ncommand, lay down your arms, and remain neuter until the fate of America is\\ndetermined, you shall, as well as all of the inhabitants of this parish, remain in\\npeaceable possession of your property. Your answer, which I expect in an hours\\ntime, will determine the fate of this country, whether it is to be laid in ashes, or\\nremain as above proposed.\\nI am, sir, your most obedient, c.,\\nL. V. Fuser.\\nColonel GQih Regiment, and Commander of his Majesty s\\nTroops in Georgia, on his Majesty s Service.\\nP. S. Since this letter was closed, some of your people have been firing scatter-\\ning shot about the line. I am to inform you, that if a stop is not put to such irre-\\ngular proceedings, I shall burn a house for every shot so fired.", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0587.jp2"}, "584": {"fulltext": "526 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nThis letter was brought into the fort by Major Lane, who soon re-\\nturned with the following answer, which he delivered to Colonel\\nFuser\\nFort Morris. Nov. 25, 1778.\\nSir We acknowledge we are not ignorant that your army is in motion\\nto endeavour to reduce this State. We believe it entirely chimerical that Colo-\\nnel Prevost is at the Meeting-house but should it be so, we are in no degree\\napprehensive of danger from a junction of his army with yours. We have\\nno property compared with the object we contend for that we value a rush\\nand would rather perish in a vigorous defence than accept of your proposals. We,\\nsir, are fighting the battles of America, and therefore disdain to remain neutral\\ntill its fate is determined. As to surrendering the fort, receive this laconic reply,\\nCome and take it. Major Lane, whom I send with this letter, is directed to\\nsatisfy you with respect to the irregular, loose firing mentioned on the back of\\nyour letter.\\nI have the honour to be,\\nSir, your most obedient serv t,\\nJohn McIntosh,\\nColonel of Continental Troops.\\nAbout half past 11, A. M., Major Lane returned, after having signified to Colo-\\nnel Fuser, that the loose firing complained of was intended to prevent the British\\ntroops from plundering the town and as to his threatening to burn a house for\\nevery shot, the Major stated to Colonel Fuser, that such a proceeding would\\nbe rather savage and inhuman but if he was determined to do it, in order\\nto convince them how little we were to be deterred by such threats, as soon as\\nhe burnt a house at one end of the town, we would apply a torch to the other,\\nand let the flames meet by a mutual conflagration.\\nSeveral skirmishes between the Americans and the British took\\nplace in this county.\\nAt the White House, in 1779, Major Baker defeated a party of the enemy.\\nSeveral were killed, among whom was Lieutenant Gray, whose head, McCall\\nsays, was almost severed from the body by a cut from the sabre of the celebrated\\nRobert Sallette.\\nNear a place then called Hickory Hill, the plantation of James Butler, a battle\\ntook place in June, 1779, between a party of the enemy, commanded by Captain\\nM idler, and a detachment of Americans, commanded by Major Cooper and Cap-\\ntain Inman. Although the British fought bravely, victory declared in favour of\\nthe Americans. None of the British detachment escaped.\\nOn June 27th, 1779, Colonels Baker and Twiggs, of the Georgia Militia, with a\\nparty of volunteer horse, in an excursion towards Sunbury, fell in with some\\nof McG-irth s men at Medway Meeting-house, whom they attacked, and made a\\nfew of them prisoners. Intelligence being received by Colonel Baker of several\\nContinental officers, prisoners on parole, going from Savannah to Sunbury, went\\nin quest of them, and retook, at Mrs. Arthur s, Captains Mosby, Nash, Booker,", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0588.jp2"}, "585": {"fulltext": "LIBERTY COUNTY. 527\\nHicks, and Templeton, and Lieutenants Mosby, Davenport, and Mitchell. These\\ngentlemen, with the prisoners, were sent up to Cannouchee. Colonel Twiggs re-\\nmained, with about sixty men, at Mr. James Butler s plantation, which the\\nenemy learning, Captain Muller, of the 60th Grenadiers, was sent for from Sa-\\nvannah, with about fifty regulars, mounted on horseback, to surprise him.\\nTwiggs, being apprised of their approach, had just time to collect thirty-five of\\nhis men, and post them behind a fence which Muller had to pass, and who, dread-\\ning nothing less than an ambush, was coming on in perfect security, when he\\nreceived a well-directed fire of musketry, by which several of his party were\\nkilled. He ordered his men to dismount, and charge. After keeping up an\\nirregular tire for ten minutes, the enemy betook themselves to flight. In this en-\\ngagement Muller was killed.\\nIn the year in which McGirth made his first trip from St. Augustine to Liberty\\nCounty, he came to a place, now Jonesville, where there was a stockade fort\\nbuilt by Moses Way. It contained provisions, and was garrisoned by eight or\\nten men who were sent from Barrington. Their horses were grazing near the\\nfort. Early in the morning, when Way s son went to collect the horses, McGirth\\nmade his appearance, took him prisoner, tied him to the horse by his legs, and\\nthen made him ride in full view of his father. McGirth commenced the attack\\nupon the fort, and the firing continued from sunrise to sunset, when Colonel Baker\\nappeared, and McGirth retreated.\\nNo portion of the State suffered more from the Indians than this\\ncounty. A volume might be filled with an account of the sufferings\\nof the inhabitants. We extract from the papers of the day the fol-\\nlowing particulars\\n1787. On the 24th of October in this year, a man was scalped within eighteen\\nmiles of Sunbury.\\n1788. On the 9th of January, two men, named Rogers and Queeling, and a\\nlad named Bennett, were killed and scalped by a party of thirteen or fourteen\\nIndians, in Medway settlement, twelve miles from the Great Ogeechee ferry.\\nOn the 6th of March, Captain Sterling received intelligence that a party of\\nIndians were collecting stock on the River Alatamaha, whereupon he ordered\\nfive picked horsemen, well mounted, to cross the river. That night they stopped\\nat an evacuated fort, called Williams and on the next day proceeded up the\\nsouth side of the river; and at Phinholloway Creek found their trail, which they\\nfollowed, and about two o clock came up with them, twelve in number, with\\nseventeen head of cattle and a drove of hogs. The whites immediately charged,\\nand drove the Indians for a considerable distance, until they gained a bay, where\\nthey resolutely faced about, and entered into a spirited action, which continued\\nfor some time, during which two of the Indians were killed: but the superiority\\nof their numbers compelled the whites to retreat. One of the men was wounded\\nthrough the hand, and another slightly through the neck. The names of the\\nfive men who so gallantly fought upon this occasion were, Greene, II arvev, King,\\nWaggoner, and Corker. These brave fellows were publicly thanked in general\\norders by General James Jackson.", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0589.jp2"}, "586": {"fulltext": "528 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nIn the same month a party of Indians attacked Captain Lewis, at Mr. Shepherd s\\nplantation. The Captain had been on a scout to Beard s Creek and across to\\nCannouchee. Returning about the middle of the afternoon, he turned out his\\nhorses, and dispatched several of his men to procure forage. A little before\\nsunset, the Indians were discovered coming up behind some outhouses. The\\nmen had just time to fly to their arms and conceal themselves, when the enemy\\nmarched within forty yards, discovered the white party, and fired. The fire was\\ninstantly returned, which killed one Indian and wounded two more. The Indians\\nthen retreated. Captain Lewis pursued them, but the wily foe escaped.\\nMay 1st. The Indians came to Mr. Gerreaudeau s plantation, carried off some\\nof his negroes, and wounded a young man by the name of Smallwood.\\nMay 8. The Indians came to Colonel Maybank s plantation and carried off\\nsome of his negroes.\\nAt Sapelo a young man was killed by the savages, whilst milking his cow.\\nOn the Gth of June, a party of Indians came to the plantation of John Hous-\\ntoun, Esq., and near the fort killed a man by the name of McCormick, scalped\\nhis son, and carried off three of his daughters, with a little boy.\\nIn the month of September, a party of Indians came to Mr. Quarterman s planta-\\ntion, and took away thirteen negroes. .Captain Sumner and Lieutenant Burnley\\npursued them. The latter gentleman overtook them in a thick branch on Tay-\\nlor s Creek, and charged them, but the Indians fled. The negroes were retaken.\\nDuring the same month, the inhabitants of this county held a meeting at Med-\\nway Church, at which it was resolved, that a body of light horse be immediately\\nraised for the defence of the county, to consist of 40 privates, 2 sergeants, 2 lieu-\\ntenants and a captain, and to be under articles agreeably to the Continental\\nestablishment.\\nThe following is extracted from a letter written by Colonel Max-\\nwell to Lieutenant-Colonel Fishburne\\nOn the 14th of November, 1788, information was received by Captain White-\\nhead, that the Indians had attacked Mr. Walthour s plantation, killed three and\\ncarried off eight negroes. Being at a loss for a pilot, Captain Whitehead s com-\\npany proceeded to a place owned by Mr. Taylor, about half a mile from where\\nthese depredations had been committed. Knowing Mr. Walthour to be a good\\nwoodsman, and acquainted with the different crossing-places on the Alatamaha.\\nCaptain Whitehead sent two expresses for him to join him at the above planta-\\ntion, but received no answer. Captain Whitehead then proceeded to search out\\nthe trail, and after going about four miles, found it, which made for Beard s\\nBluff. He pursued with all possible haste. A mile and a half from the\\nBluff the Indians had stationed a sentinel, who, at the appearance of Captain\\nWhitehead s force, gave the alarm by firing his gun. Upon his arrival at the\\nBluff, the Indians fled into a swamp, but they were pursued. Not being able\\nto overtake them, the Captain returned, ordered eight men to dismount, laid an\\nambuscade, and requested Lieutenant Maxwell to proceed with the remainder\\nback on the route, to continue firing guns, and hallooing for a mile or two,\\ndecoy the enemy into the belief that he had retreated, which had the desi\\neffect, for in a short time the Indians were heard collecting together in", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0590.jp2"}, "587": {"fulltext": "LIBERTY COUNTY. 529\\nswamp, and one appeared on the other side of the river in order to reconnoitre.\\nThe Indians came within forty-five yards of the ambuscade, and were fired upon.\\n1793, April 10. Mr. Peter Gerreaudeau was killed by the Indians. He was at-\\ntached to a force under the command of Colonel Stewart, who were in pur-\\nsuit of twelve negroes who had been taken from Mr. James Smith s plantation\\nby the savages. For some cause he left his party, and when search was made\\nfor him he was found dead.\\nThe following is the address of the Congregational Church and\\nSociety at Medway, formerly St. John s Parish, to President Wash-\\nington, whilst on a visit to Georgia in 1791\\nSir: We feel ourselves happy in an opportunity of expressing our attachment\\nto your person, and our peculiar pleasure in your selection by the unanimous\\nvoice of your country to the Presidency of the United States.\\nThough situated in the extreme part of the Union, we have gratefully to ac-\\nknowledge that we already experience the propitious influence of your wise and\\nparental administration. To the troops stationed on our frontiers by your order,\\nand to the treaty lately concluded with the Creek Nation under your auspices,\\nwe are indebted, under Providence, for our present tranquillity. The hatchet is\\nnow buried, and we smoke with our Indian neighbours the calumet of peace.\\nThis, while it affords a happy presage of our future protection, gives, at the same\\ntime, a recent proof how justly you have earned, in your civil as well as military\\ncapacity, the glorious title of Father of your Country.\\nWith the laurel, then, be pleased to accept the civic wreath from a grateful\\npeople.\\nWe readily conceive how arduous must be the duties, -how weighty and com-\\nplicated the cares of office, in the government of so extensive a Republic as that\\nover which you are called to preside. Impressed with a deep sense of this, we\\nwill not fail to implore the Divine blessing in your behalf. May you continue\\nto be directed by that wisdom from above which is necessary to the discharge of\\nthe duties of your high and important station and may you long be preserved the\\nfavoured instrument of Heaven to secure to a free people those invaluable rights\\nwhich you so eminently contributed to rescue from the hand of oppression. Dis-\\ntant as our situation is from the Seat of Government, permit us to assure you that\\nour influence, however inconsiderable in the national scale, shall not be wanting\\nin encouraging submission to the laws of the United States, and thus under God\\nperpetuate the blessings of an efficient Federal Government, now so happily es-\\ntablished.\\n(Signed.) James Maxwell,\\nDaniel Stewart,- Committee in behalf\\nA. Holmes, y of the Church and\\nHenry Wood, Society.\\nJohn P. Mann, j\\nMidway, Liberty County, May 12, 1791.\\n34", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0591.jp2"}, "588": {"fulltext": "530 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nThe President s Answer to the Congregational Church and Society at Med-\\nway, Georgia.\\nGentlemen: I learn with gratitude proportioned to the occasion, your attach-\\nment to my person, and the pleasure you express on my election to the Presi-\\ndency of the United States. Your sentiments on the happy influence of our\\nequal government impress me with the most sensible satisfaction. They vindi-\\ncate the great cause of humanity. They reflect honour on the liberal minds that\\nentertain them, and they promise the continuance and improvement of that\\ntranquillity which is essential to the welfare of nations and the happiness of men.\\nYou overrate my best exertions, when you ascribe to them the blessings which\\nour country enjoys.\\nFrom the gallantry and fortitude of her citizens, under the auspices of Heaven,\\nAmerica has derived her independence. To their industry and the natural ad-\\nvantages of the country, she is indebted for her prosperous situation. From their\\nvirtue she may expect long to share the protection of a free and equal govern-\\nment, which their wisdom has established, and which experience justifies, as\\nadmirably adapted to our social wants and individual felicity.\\nContinue, my fellow-citizens, to cultivate the peace and harmony which now\\nsubsist between you and your Indian neighbours the happy consequence is im-\\nmediate the reflection which arises on justice and benevolence will be lastingly\\ngrateful. A knowledge of your happiness will lighten the cares of my station,\\nand be among the most pleasing of their rewards.\\nGeorge Washington.\\nThe following is extracted from the minutes of the proceedings of\\nthe first Superior Court held in Liberty County\\nSunbury, in the County of Liberty and State of Georgia The Superior Court\\nwas opened in the usual form on Tuesday, the 18th November, 1783. But a\\nsufficient number of the officers not appearing for holding the same, on account\\nof bad weather, the Court was adjourned to Wednesday, 19th.\\nWednesday, the 19th, the weather still continuing bad, their Honors, George\\nWalton, Esq., Chief-Justice, and Benjamin Andrew, Sen r, Esq., Assistant Judge,\\npresent, ordered that the Court be adjourned to 10 o clock to-morrow, and it was\\nadjourned accordingly.\\nThursday, 20th November, 1783, the Court met according to adjournment.\\nThe Grand Jury being empannelled and sworn, the Chief-Justice gave the fol-\\nlowing charge\\nGentlemen of the Grand Jury The Circuit which I have lately rode, and\\nwhich is now to be finished in your county, being the first since the close of the\\nwar, the best consequences may be expected to ensue from that good order and\\nsubordination which everywhere attended the courts, and which I doubt not will\\ntake place here. Nothing can contribute so much to confirm the blessings of\\npeace as an invariable observance of the laws, which have, or ought always to\\nhave, for their sole object the general happiness of the people. In their execu-\\ntion, juries are the grand medium, and without their intervention^ no citizen\\ncan be deprived of his rights. To you in particular is now consigned an in\u00c2\u00ab", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0592.jp2"}, "589": {"fulltext": "LIBERTY COUNTY. 531\\nquiry into the nature and degree of those offences committed within the county\\njurisdiction against the peace of the State. In the prosecution of it, neither\\nhatred nor malice, favour, nor affection, is to be admitted, but the culprit is to be\\npunished, and the innocent discharged.\\nI congratulate you, gentlemen, on the news of a definitive treaty of peace, by\\nwhich our freedom, sovereignty, and independence, are secured. The war\\nwhich produced it was one of necessity on our part. That we were enabled to\\nprosecute it with firmness and perseverance to so glorious an issue, should be\\nascribed to the protecting influence of the Great Disposer of events, and be a\\nsubject of grateful praise and adoration, while the result of the contest is so\\nhonourable and advantageous to us and to posterity. It is to be lamented that\\nthose moral and. religious duties, so essential to the order of society and\\nthe permanent happiness of mankind, have been too much neglected. To re-\\ncover them into practice, the life and conduct of every good man should be-a\\nconstant example. Your temples, which the profane instruments of a tyrant\\nlaid in ashes, should be built again for nothing tends to harmonize the rude and\\nunlearned organs of man more than frequent meetings in the place of holy wor-\\nship. Let the monument of your brave and virtuous soldier and citizen,* which\\nwas ordered by Congress to his memory, be erected on the same ground, that his\\nvirtues, and the cause in which he sacrificed his life, may be seen together by\\nyour children, and remembered through distant ages.\\nIn the course of the conflict with an enemy whose conduct was generally\\nmarked with cruelty, the whole State has suffered, undoubtedly, more than any\\nin the confederacy. The citizens of Liberty County, with others, have drunk\\ndeep in the stream of distress. Remembering these things, we should not lose\\nsight of the value of the prize we have obtained. And now that we are in full\\npossession of our freedom, we should all unite in our endeavours to benefit and\\nperpetuate the system, that we may always be happy at home, and forever freed\\nfrom the insults of petty tyrants commissioned from abroad.\\ngrand jurors names.\\n1. Joseph Law, 13. John Hardy,\\n2. William Baker, Sen., 14. William Baker, Jun.,\\n3. James Maxwell, 15. Nathaniel Saxton,\\n4. James Jeffries, 16. James Powell,\\n5. John Mitchell, Jun., 17. William Way,\\n6. Palmer Goulding, 18. John Myers, Sen.,\\n7. John Elliott, 19. John Way,\\n8. John Whitehead, 20. John Winn,\\n9. William West, 21. Edward Way,\\n10. Thomas Bradwell, 22. Joseph Way,\\n11. William Peacock, Sen.. 23. William Quarterman.\\n12. Nathan Taylor,\\nJudge Walton here refers to a monument which was ordered by Congress to be\\nerected to the memory of General James Screven.", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0593.jp2"}, "590": {"fulltext": "532 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA\\nDISTINGUISHED PERSONS.\\nThis county may be justly proud of her sons. We give short\\nsketches of a few of them.\\nRev. William McWhir, D. D., died in this county, in the ninety-\\nsecond year of his age. He was born in Ireland in 1759, received\\nhis collegiate education at Belfast, and, after pursuing his theological\\ncourse, w r as licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Belfast. In 1783\\nhe came to America, and settled in Alexandria, Va., where for ten\\nyears he was at the head of an academy, of which General Washing-\\nton was a trustee. In 1793, he came to Sunbury, at which place he\\nestablished an academy. Here he married the widow of Colonel\\nJohn Baker. Such was the reputation of his school, that pupils came\\nto it from almost every part of the State.\\nAs a Greek and Latin scholar, Dr. McWhir was without a rival.\\nIn 1819 he visited Ireland, England, and Scotland.\\nAbout the years 1823-24, he visited Florida, preached at St. Au-\\ngustine and Mandarin, and in the vicinity, and was the founder of a\\nchurch at the latter place, the first Presbyterian Church ever organ-\\nized in Florida, and it was mainly through his efforts that the church\\nat St. Augustine was founded. Dr. McWhir never had a regular pas-\\ntoral charge nevertheless, he continued, to his death, a member of\\nthe Presbytery, within the bounds of which he lived, and was fre-\\nquently in Synod, and a Commissioner to the General Assembly.\\nThe Boards of the Church found in him a willing contributor, and\\nconsidering his means, which never were large, few men ever gave\\nmore to religious and benevolent objects. Until within the last ten or\\nfifteen years, he preached occasionally, chiefly in destitute places, and\\nat his decease was probably the oldest Presbyterian minister in the\\nUnited States. At the age of nearly ninety, Dr. McWhir was a vo-\\nluntary colporteur .of the American Tract Society, and gave up the\\nwork not until he was too feeble to labour. The name of no man\\nwho ever lived in Georgia was more intimately identified with the\\ncause of education, unless the late venerable Moses Waddel be an\\nexception. As a teacher, his chief merits were thoroughness of in-\\nstruction and the most exact discipline, such as would in these days\\nbe esteemed too rigorous. He never enjoyed much reputation as a\\npreacher, owing, no doubt, to the want of ready eloquence, and the al-\\nmost entire absence of that faculty of the mind called imagination.\\nNature and education seemed to have fitted him for the school-house.\\nAmong his pupils may be ranked some of the most eminent men in\\nthe State. His correspondence was very extensive, and embraced\\nwithin its range several distinguished men, amongst them Genera 1\\nWashington, Dr. Chalmers, and Sir John Sinclair.\\nRev. Moses Allen. This gentleman was, born in Northampton,", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0594.jp2"}, "591": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0595.jp2"}, "592": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0596.jp2"}, "593": {"fulltext": "LIBERTY COUNTY. 533\\nMass., Sept. 14, 1748. About 1777 he was established at Midway.\\nAt the reduction of Savannah by the British troops, Mr. Allen was\\ntaken prisoner. The Continental officers were sent to Sunbury on\\nparole, but Mr. Allen, who was Chaplain to the Georgia Brigade,\\nwas denied this privilege. He was sent on board a prison-ship, and\\nin attempting to recover his liberty by swimming to land, he was\\ndrowned. His body was washed on an island, and was found by\\nsome of his friends. They requested of the captain of a British ves-\\nsel boards to make a coffin, but were refused.\\nBenjamin Baker, at the age of twenty-three, attended General Ogle-\\nthorpe in his expedition against St. Augustine. During the Revolution\\nhe suffered many hardships. In 1776, he was engaged for almost a\\nweek in studying and writing for the public, comparing several con-\\nstitutions of government, and endeavouring from these to compile one\\nsuitable for the Province of Georgia. For more than twenty-seven\\nyears he was clerk of the Midway Church. At his death, he left\\nseveral volumes of manuscripts.\\nColonels William and John Baker were active soldiers in the\\nRevolution, and distinguished themselves upon many occasions.\\nHon. John Elliott died in this county, and served in the Senate\\nof the United States from 1819 to 1825.\\nGeneral Daniel Stewart. The chronicle of Georgia s great\\nnames would be incomplete without that of this distinguished citizen.\\nHe was frequently in battle under Sumter and Marion, and rendered\\nimportant services to the State by the judicious measures he adopted\\nto defend its frontiers against the attacks of the Indians. He died in\\nthe sixty-ninth year of his age.\\nMr. Audley Maxwell was a member of the first General Assem-\\nsly in Georgia, which met in Savannah on the 15th day of January,\\n1751.\\nFor the following sketch of Major John Jones, the father of the\\nlate Captain Jones, who was killed in the battle at Savannah, we are\\nindebted to a friend\\nMajor John Jones removed from Charleston, S. C, of which city\\nhe was a native, to St. John s Parish, now Liberty County, Ga., prior\\nto the Revolution. In 1774 he was a large importing merchant, re-\\nsiding with his family in the then flourishing town of Sunbury, cul-\\ntivating at the same time his plantation, still known as Rice Hope.\\nAt the earliest call of his country, we find him enlisting in her cause.\\nThe Atlantic wave, which had heretofore borne from our mother\\nEngland only the peaceful sails of commerce, was now, from the same\\nsource, wafting with every breeze the invader to our shores. On his", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0597.jp2"}, "594": {"fulltext": "534 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\npart, there was no hesitation from motives of selfish interest. His\\nsoul was pledged to freedom, and so was his fortune. From this pe-\\nriod the affluent merchant was merged into the partisan soldier. Our\\nfirst notice of his gallant bearing is derived from the personal recol-\\nlections of General Daniel Stewart. He was attached to the corps of\\ncavalry raised for the defence of the parish under the command of\\nColonel Baker. They were hastily summoned to resist the inva-\\nsion of General Prevost, from the South, and the members joined\\nthe corps on its march as early as it could be done by them.\\nMajor Jones was summoned to join the body at the intersection of\\nthe road from Savannah with the Sunbury and Darien road. With\\nall possible speed he rode from Sunbury, and on arriving at the\\nappointed place of meeting, and finding the roads vacant, he con-\\ncluded the cavalry had passed. They had done so not two hours, and\\nfinding that General Prevost, anticipating an attack at Bull Town\\nSwamp, had hastened forward and crossed it, they made good their\\nretreat, with the infantry, towards Riceborough and Midway. Major\\nJones passed on, and when near Bull Town Swamp, saw what he sup-\\nposed to be his corps in the distance, and in the eagerness of his ad-\\nvance, never discovered his mistake until within point-blank shot of\\nthe enemy. Reining in, he stood firm, in so perilous a situation,\\nand drawing his pistol, discharged it in the face of the foe to use\\nhis own words, he was determined not to retreat until he had first\\ngiven the red coats a shot. Wheeling, he put spurs to his horse, and\\nescaped unharmed amidst volleys of balls discharged at him. When\\nhe overtook his company, says General Stewart, as he rode up\\nflushed with the excitement of the occasion, he narrated the circum-\\nstances, and remarked that as he retreated a hundred bullets whizzed\\nwithin an inch of his nose, which was the prominent feature of his\\nface.\\nA disagreement arising between Colonel Baker and himself, he\\nchallenged him to a settlement by single combat. They were to\\nfight in uniform, on horseback, and with their broadswords. The\\nmorning came, and the appointed hour found them on the ground,\\nwhen General James Screven unexpectedly presented himself before\\nthem. He well knew their courage and settled determination. Ap-\\nproaching them, he said My friends and companions in arms can\\nit be, when your country is bleeding at every pore, and needs the sup-\\nport of her sons in her defence, that you are about to sacrifice your\\nlives to feelings of personal hostility and revenge If you cannot ex-\\ntend to each other the hand of confidence and friendship, for your\\ncountry s sake, do not destroy each other s lives. The appeal was\\nheard. The drawn swords were returned to their scabbards. The\\nspirit of patriotism sealed the fountain of injured honour, and tri-\\numphed over the desire of private revenge. To live for their country\\nwas more noble than to die for themselves.\\nMajor Jones suffered severe losses in common with his fellow-\\ncitizens. On the surrender of Sunbury to the British, his dwelling,\\nstore and warehouse were rifled and destroyed. His plantation also", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0598.jp2"}, "595": {"fulltext": "LIBERTY COUNTY. 535\\nin the country was broken up, and many of his servants taken off,\\nand he removed his family to Jacksonborough, in South Carolina, for\\nsafety. In the progress of the war, he was appointed aid to General\\nMcintosh, with whom he continued until his death.\\nThe following are a few brief extracts from his letters to his wife,\\nMrs. Mary Jones. The first was dated Canys, at Reed s Bluff, 3d\\nJune, 1778, in which he says Do not make yourself unhappy. I\\ndo not expect the campaign will be long. The General offers his\\ncompliments to you, and thanks you for the buckle sent him. Do not\\nforget to send Major Grimkie some black ribbon to make a cockade.\\nThe others relate immediately to the siege of Savannah.\\nGeneral Lincoln reached Zubly s Ferry, on the Savannah River, in\\nhis march to co-operate with Count D Estaing in an attack upon\\nSavannah, on the 11th of September, 1779; and from this place\\nMajor Jones writes\\nZubly s Ferry, Tuesday, \\\\4th Sept., 1779.\\nMy Dear Polly We arrived here last evening, and are just going to cross\\nthe river. Count Pulaski has taken ten prisoners, but they were not found in arms.\\nWe are informed that a number of the inhabitants of Georgia have come over to\\nreceive pardon, and implore protection. How far the General will protect their\\nproperty I do not know.\\nCamp near Savannah. 3d October, 1779.\\nMy Dear Polly The express not setting off yesterday, gives me an opportu-\\nnity of writing you again. I expected we should have begun with bombs and\\ncannonading this morning but as matters are not quite ready, we shall not begin\\nbefore this afternoon, when we shall open with twenty-six pieces of battering\\ncannon and thirteen bombs. I am in hopes, in the course of twenty-four\\nhours play on their different redoubts, that they will think it prudent to surren-\\nder; and if they should not, God knows what will be the consequence. Many\\nvaluable lives must be lost in taking the town by storm, the last resource. We\\nare just upon the move the scene will shortly open. We have the prayers of\\nthe Church, and I hope, from the justness of our cause, that God will decide in our\\nfavour.\\nYour affectionate,\\nJohn Jones.\\nCamp befcJre Savannah, 4th October, 1779.\\nMy Dear Polly This being a very favourable opportunity, I cannot omit\\nwriting you. I still keep my health, and am in high spirits. Last night, at twelve\\no clock, we began to open our bomb battery, and this morning, at five o clock,\\nwe began with our battering cannon a sight that I would not miss seeing. We\\nare still at it, and I do not expect that we shall cease for forty-eight hours. At\\nthe end of that time, I hope Savannah will have surrendered. 1 feel most sin-\\ncerely for the poor women and children God only knows what will become of\\nthem. I can form no idea at present when we shall get into Savannah. I am of\\nopinion the enemy will make a very vigorous and desperate defence, and it is", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0599.jp2"}, "596": {"fulltext": "536 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nmore than probable that we shall be driven to the disagreeable necessity of\\nstorming. Count D Estaing is now embarked seriously in this matter, and his\\nhonour will not allow him to withdraw; so that, at all events, we must reduce\\nSavannah. I heartily desire to see the day when I can inform you of our suc-\\ncess. But pray do not be unhappy on my account, and believe that if it is my\\nfate to survive this action, I shall if otherwise, the Lord s will must be done.\\nEvery soldier and soldier s wife should religiously believe in predestination.\\nWhat shall I do for clothes I have but one pair of breeches left.\\nYour affectionate,\\nJohn Jones.\\nCamp before Savannah, oth October, 1779.\\nMy Dear Polly The enemy still being obstinate, and not knowing how\\nlong they may continue so, I must beg the favour of you to send off Ishmael im-\\nmediately, on Black Sloven, with a pair of thick breeches, my blue coat, and\\nthree ruffled shirts, without stocks, and one pair of black silk breeches. Ishmael\\nis to go no farther than Mrs. McPherson s, at Indian Land, where Jacob will\\nmeet him. I have sent home my English horse he has been very sick. The\\ntime I have been absent from you appears almost an age. As soon as this im-\\nportant affair is over, I shall immediately return homel\\nYour ever affectionate husband,\\nJohn Jones.\\nCamp before Savannah, 1th October, 1779.\\nThis letter, my dear wife, will be handed you by Ishmael, I expect. I am\\nsorry that it is not in my power to congratulate you on our safe arrival in Savan-\\nnah. The enemy still continue very obstinate, and a more cruel war could never\\nexist than this. The poor women and children have suffered beyond description.\\nA number of them, in Savannah, have already been put to death by our bombs\\nand cannon. A deserter has this moment come out, who gives an account that\\nmany of them were killed in their beds, and amongst others, a poor woman, with\\nher infant in her arms, was destroyed by a cannon-ball. They have all got into\\ncellars but even there they do not escape the fury of our bombs, several having\\nbeen mangled in that supposed place of security. I pity General Mcintosh; his\\nsituation is peculiar. The whole of his family is there. We have burnt, as yet,\\nonly one house but I expect this night the whole will be in flames, Count\\nD Estaing being determined they shall now surrender at discretion. We keep up a\\nmost incessant cannonade and bombardment, and this evening we shall carry\\non our approaches within pistol-sh#t of the enemy s lines. We are hourly ex-\\npecting that they will strike, though many, with myself, are of opinion they will\\nnot, until we compel them by storm. Their investment is complete, and the siege\\na regular one. I think the matter so near a conclusion, that I doubt if Jacob will\\nreturn from Mrs. McPherson s in time. The want of thick clothes has been the\\nmeans of my taking a great cold. We have been very unlucky with respect to\\nthe weather a continued rain, and now very cold.\\nAdieu, my good wife, and believe me to be, with sincerity, your ever affec-\\ntionate,\\nJohn Jones.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0600.jp2"}, "597": {"fulltext": "LIBERTY COUNTY. 537\\nTwo replies to these letters alone remain. They breathe a spirit\\nkindred with his own in patriotic feeling and tender affection. In\\none of them she says\\nI am very anxious to hear from you how matters go on. I would to God the\\ngreat affair was over, for oh how I dread it, no tongue can express. I am con-\\nvinced, my dear, you ever will act like a man of spirit; but do not run rashly\\ninto danger, if you can avoid it. Consider you have two dear children and a wife\\nwhose whole happiness depends on yours. May Heaven guard you, and give me\\nonce more a happy sight of you I\\nCount D Estaing declining to wait for the reduction of the garrison\\nby regular approaches, an assault was determined upon on the morn-\\ning of the 9th of October. The plan of the attack was revealed to\\nthe British by a deserter. The consequence was, the Spring Hill\\nbattery was reinforced, and so confident were the enemy of repulsing\\nthe allied army, that they received them with lively airs.\\nMajor Jones was in the forlorn hope which led on the attack upon\\nthe Spring Hill battery. A French and an American standard were\\nfor an instant planted on the parapet of the redoubt and here, in the\\nfiercest and most desperate part of the contest, he was struck by a\\ncannon-ball in the breast, and instantly killed. The attacking columns,\\nalthough literally mowed down, pressed gallantly on, and sustained\\nthe murderous fire for nearly one hour before a retreat was ordered.\\nThe dead were hastily buried. An intimate friend, passing by one\\nof the pits, discovered an exposed hand, which he recognized as that\\nof Major Jones. He had his body disinterred, and carefully and pro-\\nperly buried. He fell at the early age of thirty years and a few\\nmonths.\\nIn this county there lived, during the Revolution, a man by the\\nname of Robert Sallette, distinguished for his opposition to the Tories\\nIt is not known with certainty to what particular command he was\\nattached. He appears to have been a sort of roving character, doing\\nthings in his own way. The Tories stood very much in dread of him,\\nand well they might, for never had they a more formidable foe. On\\none occasion, a Tory, who possessed considerable property, offered a\\nreward of one hundred guineas to any person who would bring him\\nSallette s head. This was made known to our hero, who provided\\nhimself with a bag, in which he placed a pumpkin, and proceeded to\\nthe house of the Tory, and told him that, having understood he\\nhad offered one hundred guineas for Sallette s head, he had it with\\nhim in the bag, (at the same time pointing to the bag,) and that he\\nwas ready to deliver it, provided the money was first counted out for\\nhim. The Tory, believing that the bag contained Sallette s head,\\nlaid down the money, upon which Sallette pulled off his hat, and,\\nplacing his hand upon his head, said, Here is Sallette s head. This\\nanswer so frightened the Tory that he immediately took to his heels,\\nbut a well-directed shot from Sallette brought him to the ground.", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0601.jp2"}, "598": {"fulltext": "538 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nOn one occasion, Sallette and Mr. Andrew Walthour, who, with\\nsome others, were the advanced guard of the American army, met the\\nadvance of the British, when a smart skirmish took place, and the\\nBritish guard was driven back. In the skirmish, a very large man of the\\nBritish was killed. Noticing a pair of boots on the feet of the dead\\nman, Bob resolved to possess them, and was pulling them off, while his\\ncomrades were hallooing to him to leave, for he would be killed but\\nhe answered, I must have the boots, for I want them for little John\\nWay.\\nHe has been known to leave the American army during battle, get\\ninto the rear of the enemy, and kill many of them before he was dis-\\ncovered.\\nOn a certain day he dressed himself in British uniform, dined\\nwith a party of the enemy, and whilst the toasting and drinking\\nwere going on, suddenly drew his sword, killed his right and left\\nhand man, sprung upon his horse, without having time to throw the\\nbridle over his neck, and rode off amidst the fire of his pursuers. His\\nmotto was, never to forgive a Tory and if one was liberated, he\\nwould follow, and, if possible, take his life.\\nThe following letter was addressed to the author by George W.\\nWalthour, Esq., of Liberty County, and contains some particulars\\nconcerning Sallette\\nWalthourville, August 28, 1851.\\nDear Sir: My father, Andrew Walthour, Sallette, and another man were\\nonce riding a small trail late in the evening, near to Fraser s old mill seat, when\\nthey met three men. My father being in front, said to Sallette, I will pass the\\nfirst and second man, and as soon as I come opposite the third, will seize his gun,\\nand you can do the same. In this way, the three men were disarmed. Dis-\\nmount, gentlemen, said Sallette. What is your name addressing himself to\\nthe leader, to which he replied, giving a fictitious name. Where is your\\ncamp The Tory replied, We are from over the river. Where did you\\ncross? At Beard s, (the Alatamaha.) where the Whigs were most numerous.\\nSallette replied, That is a lie! Then asking the second man the same ques-\\ntion, and receiving a similar answer, he turned to the third, and repeated the\\nsame question, and received a like answer. If you do not tell me the truth,\\nsaid Sallette, 1 will cut off your head. The fellow replied as at first, and was\\nshot down by Sallette. The others promised, if he would spare their lives, they\\nwould conduct him to their camp. Their lives were spared, and with the aid of\\nhis prisoners, he captured a large party of Tories.\\nYours, c,\\nGeorge W. Walthour.\\nDoctors Dunwoody and Axon were distinguished practitioners of\\nmedicine.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0602.jp2"}, "599": {"fulltext": "LINCOLN COUNTY. 539\\nLINCOLN COUNTY.\\nThis county was laid out from Wilkes in 1796, and named in\\nhonour of Major- General Benjamin Lincoln. Length, 22 m.\\nbreadth, 9 m. area square miles, 198.\\nThe Savannah River separates the county from South Carolina,\\nBroad River from Elbert, and Little River from Columbia County.\\nThe creeks are, Fishing, Mills Pistol, Gray s, Lloyd s, Cherokee,\\nShivers Soap, Dry Fork, c.\\nLincolnton is the county town, situated upon the waters of Soap\\nCreek, distant 90 miles N. E. from Milledgeville.\\nLisbon, on the south side of Broad River, was laid out as early as\\n1786.\\nGoshen is six miles N. of Lincolnton.\\nLeathersville is six miles S. of Lincolnton.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 378 families,\\n378; white males, 1,109; white females, 1,078; free coloured\\nmales, 15 free coloured females, 16. Total free population, 2,218\\nslaves, 3,780. Deaths, 94. Farms, 273 manufacturing estab-\\nlishments, 13. Value of real estate, $611,312; value of personal\\nestate, $1,735,722.\\nAmong the first settlers of this county were, Thomas Murray,\\nRobert Walton, John Lockhart, B. Lockhart, Thos. Mitchell,\\nSterne Simmons, J. Stovall, Captain John Lamar, Stephen\\nHandspiker, M. Henley, Robert Fleming, James Wallace, Peter\\nLamar.\\nDISTINGUISHED MEN.\\nJudge John M. Dooly died in this county on the 26th of May,\\n1827.\\nHon. Thomas W. Murray was born in this county. Jn 1819 he\\nbecame a public man. He was distinguished not so much for the\\nbrilliancy of his talents, as for his honesty and independence. For\\nmany years he was a member of the Legislature, and once Speaker of\\nthe House.\\nColonel John Dooly settled in Lincoln about the beginning of\\nthe American Revolution. He came to his death by the hands of\\nthe Tories.\\nCaptain Thomas Dooly was a brave soldier of the Revolution.\\nHe lost his life in a skirmish with the Indians on the 22d of July, 1776,\\nnear the Oconee River.", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0603.jp2"}, "600": {"fulltext": "540 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nLOWNDES COUNTY.\\nThis county was laid out from Irwin in 1825, and a part added to\\nThomas in 1826. Length, 52 m. breadth, 40 area, 2,080 square\\nmiles.\\nThe rivers are, the Allapaha, Little, and Withlacoochee.\\nAmong the creeks are the Allapahoochee, Ocopilco, Allapacoochee,\\nCat, Camp, Mule, c.\\nTroupville is the seat of justice, immediately in the fork made by\\nthe confluence of the Withlacoochee and Little rivers. It is situated\\nIS. of Milledgeville, distant 180 miles. Named after the Hon. George\\nM. Troup.\\nStatistics according to the last Census. 2,998 white males 2,847\\nwhite females 16 free coloured males 6 free coloured females. To-\\ntal free population, 5,867 slaves, 2,484. Deaths, 64. Farms, 469\\nmanufacturing establishments, 2. Value of real estate, $790,000\\nValue of personal estate, $1,590,276.\\nThe genera] face of the country is level.\\nThe lands are very fertile. Rice, cotton, corn, c, are the pro-\\nductions.\\nAmong the early settlers were, Rev. Wm. A. Knight, Benjamin\\nSerman, Bani Boyd, Wm. Smith, John Bryan, Jacob Bryan, John\\nJ. Underwood, Henry Parish, Fisher Gaskins, Jesse Lee, Jesse\\nCarter, H. Colson, J. Jameson, J. Hall, S.Hall, G. Hill, John\\nHill, Rev. Mr. Alberton, J. D. Spanks, James Matthews, S. E.\\nSwilley, Major Simmons, Wm. Deas, J. Deas, William McMullin,\\nFrancis Roundtree, Jesse Goodman, Captain Burnett, L. Roberts,\\nCaptain Bell.\\n3 isnlUiuiitts.\\nAlmost every stream of note in this county has some natural curiosity con-\\nnected with it. Many of the streams disappear and are not seen for miles, when\\nthey again make their appearance, and flow as tranquilly to their destination as\\nif nothing strange or unusual had happened to them. Others present caves in\\ntheir banks, into which a part of the stream is diverted, and at their entrance a\\nthriving mill will often be found.\\nLowndes County also contains curiosities in the shape of numerous large\\nopen ponds, covering some six square miles, without any tree or stump in\\nthem. A portion of the surface of these ponds is covered with beautiful and rare\\nbotanical specimens. The streams and ponds abound in fish of various kinds.\\nThe woods are filled with same of all sorts.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0604.jp2"}, "601": {"fulltext": "LOWNDES COUNTY. 541\\nWithin a few miles of Troupville are the ruins of an old town. Large live\\noaks grow in front of the ruins in straight rows, and so regular in their distance\\nthat it is scarcely probable they are of spontaneous growth. Roads are also dis-\\ncernible. These are wide and straight.\\nIn 1827 a spot of earth in this county suddenly sunk to the depth of one hun-\\ndred feet. The place is now covered with water.\\nAdventure with a Panther. In 1849, a step-son of Thomas B. Stewart and\\nhis younger brother were hunting hogs near a swamp, one mile from the Allapa-\\nha River, and ten miles above Knight s Bridge. Their dog had left them and\\ngone into the swamp but soon returned at full speed, closely pursued by a huge\\npanther.\\nEscape was impossible. The panther seized the elder brother, and mangled\\nhim most fearfully. Leaving him for dead, it then pursued the younger brother\\nand the dog. It soon, however, returned. The boy finding escape impossible,\\npretended to be dead. After smelling around him, the animal proceeded to co-\\nver him partially with leaves and grass, and again renewed its pursuit of the\\nother party.\\nThe wounded boy had by this time so far recovered from his wounds and\\nfright as to be able to make good his escape, which he did as rapidly as possible.\\nIn the mean time, the younger boy had given the alarm and aroused the\\nneighbourhood. William G. Aikin, John H. Guthrie, Alfred Herrin and Jesse\\nVickery, immediately went in pursuit.\\nUpon arriving at the spot, they found the pile of leaves and grass, and broken\\nbushes, but the boy and panther were both gone. Having an excellent dog, they\\nsoon trailed the panther into the swamp, and in a few hundred yards brought him\\nto bay. The hunters entered the swamp, and proceeded cautiously until they\\napproached within about thirty yards of the huge monster. Here they stopped\\nto consult as to the manner of attack. Not so the panther. He was in their\\nmidst at almost a single bound.\\nSeizing Guthrie, he dashed him violently to the earth, horribly gashing his\\nhead and face. Vickery discharged his piece, loaded with buckshot, into the\\npanther s breast, at a distance of six feet. Herrin s gun missed fire, when he\\ndrew his knife, in real Western style, and cut the panther s throat. The dog was\\nkilled in the fight by the cougar, but Guthrie and the boy escaped with their\\nlives, and still survive to tell the tale.", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0605.jp2"}, "602": {"fulltext": "542 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nLUMPKIN COUNTY.\\nLaid out from Cherokee, and organized in 1832, and named after\\nthe Hon. Wilson Lumpkin.\\nThe rivers are, the Etowah, Chestatee, and Tesnatee.\\nThe creeks are, Yellow, Amicalolah, Shoal, Nimble Will, Cain,\\nYahoola, c.\\nThe Blue Ridge is in the northern part of the county. Walker s\\nMountain is in the eastern part.\\nSome fine bodies of land are on the rivers and creeks. The ridge\\nlands are valuable only for timber and mining.\\nThe principal products are corn, wheat, and tobacco.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 1,381 families,\\n1,381; white males, 3,971 white females, 4,022 free coloured\\nmales, 9 free coloured females, 13. Total free population, 8,015;\\nslaves, 939. Deaths, 46. Farms, 598. Value of real estate, $556,334\\nvalue of personal estate, $647,274.\\nThe climate of this county is pleasant, but subject to great ar d\\nsudden changes. Lumpkin can show a long list of persons who ha/e\\nattained to a great age. Mrs. Young, living a few years ago, was\\nover 100. John J. Williams was over 90 he was in the battle at\\nKing s Mountain. Mr. John Hames was over 100 Samuel Evans,\\n85 Mr. Harper, 89 John Alexander, 84. Mr. All: In died\\nat the age of 115 years; Mr. Watts died at the age of 90;\\nMr. James Boyd was over 100 years, and his wife, Nancy B ^yd, over\\n94 years. Richard Ledbetter, a Revolutionary soldier, r his death\\nwas 100 years old Mrs. Smith died at 103 Mrs. Sall^ Bright at\\n112. M. Pilgrim died at 86.\\nDahlonega, the capital of this county, is situated on a high hill,\\ncommanding a view of Walker s, Mossy Creek, and Yonah Mornir\\ntains, and is 141 miles from Milledgeville.\\nGold is often found in the court-house square, particularly after a\\nshower and the little boys frequently pick up pieces of gold weighing\\nfrom one-fourth of a dwt. to one dwt.\\nThe U. S. Branch Mint establishment is located in this town.\\nThe Indian name for Dahlonega was Tau-lau-ne-ca, meaning yel-\\nlow money.\\nAuraria, alias Nuckollsville, is situated six miles from Dahlonega.\\nLeather s Ford is situated on the Chestatee River.\\nThe following are the principal gold mines in Lumpkin County\\nSingleton s mines, near Dahlonega, embracing more than 2,000\\nacres.\\nCalhoun s mine, on the Chestatee River, has yielded enormously.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0606.jp2"}, "603": {"fulltext": "MACON COUNTY. 543\\nJ. E. Calhoun s mine, on the Chestatee River, five miles from Dah-\\nlonega, has been a very rich deposit mine, and is not yet exhausted.\\nCain and Yahoola creeks are celebrated localities. On the latter is\\nthe famous lot, 1,052, which once created such a sensation among\\nthe gold speculators.\\nIn almost every portion of this county gold abounds. Evidence of\\nits existence meets the eye of the traveller in every direction.\\nAmicalolah Falls are 17 miles west of Dahlonega, near the road\\nleading to Tennessee. The name is said to be a compound of two\\nCherokee words, ami, signifying water, and calolah rolling or\\ntumbling. A writer in the Orion, vol. ii., p. 352, thus describes these\\nfalls The view from the top does not (as is the case at Tallulah)\\ncomprehend the whole extent of all the cascades but, on some ac-\\ncounts, is preferred. The range of mountains to the south and west,\\nas it strikes the eye from the summit of the falls, is truly sublime\\nand the scene is scarcely surpassed in grandeur. The view from the\\nfoot embraces, as strictly regards the falls themselves, much more than\\nthe view from above, and is therefore perhaps the better both, how-\\never, should be obtained, in order to form a just conception of the\\nscene.\\nMACON COUNTY.\\nBou ded on the N. by Crawford, E. by Houstoun and a part of\\nTalbot, S. by a portion of Dooly and Sumter, W. by Marion, and\\nnamed a v er the Hon. Nathaniel Macon.\\nThe i ;nt River flows through the county, and has the following\\ntributaries. ,viz. Beaver, Juniper, Horse, White Water, Bucks,\\nBuck Head, and Spring.\\nOn the Flint River are several mounds.\\nLanier is the seat of justice, situated on the west side of the Flint\\nRiver, 80 miles from Milledgeville. It was named after Clement\\nLanier, Esq.\\nOglethorpe is one mile W. of Flint River, and fifty miles from Ma-\\ncon. The site of the town is high, dry, and sandy. It is so situated\\nas to command the trade of a large portion of Southwestern Georgia.\\nThe place has rapidly improved. Mr. S. S. Boone built the first\\nhouse.\\nMontezuma, on the east side of the Flint River, was founded by John\\nT. Brown, Esq.\\nCuyler is two miles west of Oglethorpe.\\nMarshallville, Winchester, and Marthasville, are on the South-\\nwestern Railroad.\\nThe face of the country is level. East of the Flint River the\\nlands are mixed.", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0607.jp2"}, "604": {"fulltext": "544 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 679 families,\\n679; white males, 2,091; white females, 1,999; 1 free coloured\\nfemale. Total free population, 4,091 slaves, 2,961. Farms, 419.\\nValue of real estate, $1,249,925 value of personal estate, $1,684,317.\\nAmong the first settlers of this county were, Wm. H. Hollingshead,\\nW. N. L. Crocker, Needham Mussey, James M. Taylor, Wm. Cole,\\nGeo. V. Whitefield, Jacob Dunn, Samuel Williams, David Jones,\\nPhilip Bailey, Robert Peacock, R. Sellers, John Stapler, Wm.\\nMcDowell, Edward Brooks, Walter L. Campbell, John Rushin,\\nRobert Brooks, John Mott, Henry Turner, John Young, Wm.\\nMeasles, John Perry, A. Branham, E. Adams, Jesse Rouse, John\\nMonk, Robert Greene, D. Wadley, M. Wadley, D. Mitchell,\\nThomas Bivins, Geo. Buchanan, James Kaigler, Wm. Under-\\nwood, N. Powell, R. Snelling, L. Thrower, S. Hill, Joshua New-\\nsome, Wm. Tompkins, D. Owens, R. Stewart, M. Kemp.\\nThe first court was held at the house of Walter. L. Campbell, Judge\\nKing presiding.\\nUpon the plantation now owned by Mr. L. Wyley was formerly a\\nplace known as Barnett s Reserve, on the east side of the Flint River,\\nMADISON COUNTY\\nWas laid out from Oglethorpe, Clarke, Jackson, Franklin, and El-\\nbert, in 1811. Part added from Clarke in 1813; part from Elbert\\nand Franklin in 1819 part taken from Franklin in 1823 part from\\nClarke, 1829 part taken from Oglethorpe in 1831. It received its\\nname from the illustrious James Madison. Length, 14 m. breadth,\\n13 m. area square miles, 182.\\nThe Broad River is the chief stream.\\nGood lands are on Blue Stone Creek. The lands on the north\\nfork of Broad River are very inferior. On the south fork the lands\\nare productive. The nortrrwest part of the county is poor. The pro-\\nductions are cotton, corn, c.\\nThe climate is pleasant and healthy.\\nThere are several instances of longevity. Mr. James Pittman.\\n93 Mrs. Lettuce Milligan, 89 Mr. Stephen Groves was over\\n98 Mr. James Thompson was over 80 Mr. James Caruth, over 80\\nMr. James Saunders, 80 Captain Robert L. Tate, 80; Rev. Tit\\nthy Carrington died at 80; Alexander Haman, at 80 Wm. Chp\\nat 89 Charles Tugle, 87.\\nAmong the early settlers were, Samuel Long, Jacob Eberhart,\\nSamuel Woods, Stephen Groves, General Daniel.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0608.jp2"}, "605": {"fulltext": "MARION COUNTY. 545\\nDanielsville, named after General Allen Daniel, is the capital,\\ndistant from Milledgeville 87 miles.\\nMadison Springs are 20 miles N. E. of Athens. For forty years\\nthey have had a high reputation. The accommodations are of a su-\\nperior character.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 692 families,\\n692 white males, 1,848 white females, 1,919 1 free coloured male\\nfree coloured females, 2. Total free population, 3,670 slaves,\\n1,933. Deaths, 68. Farms, 404 manufacturing establishments, 3.\\nValue of real estate, $927,844 value of personal estate, $1,134,308.\\nMARION COUNTY.\\nNamed after General Francis Marion, and laid out from Muscogee\\nand Lee in 1827; part added to Crawford in 1827; part added to\\nMuscogee in 1829. Length, about 41 m. breadth, 30 m.\\nThere is great variety in the soil. In some parts the land is red\\nand stiff, but the most of it is a loose, sandy soil, and very produc-\\ntive. Cotton, rice, corn, c., are the productions.\\nThere is no large river in this county. The creeks are the Kincha-\\nfoona, Pine Knot, Uchee, c.\\nBuena Vista, made the county site in 1847, is situated 101 miles\\nfrom Milledgeville.\\nTazewell, formerly the county site, is about 25 miles from Flint\\nRiver.\\nPineville, in the western corner of the county, is 15 miles from Taze-\\nwell.\\nGlenalta is in the northern, and Poindexter in the southeast part.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 1,101 families,\\n1,101 white males, 3,270 white females, 3,298 free coloured\\nmales, 3 free coloured females, 5. Total free population, 6,676\\nslaves, 3,604. Deaths, 72. Farms, 563 manufacturing establish-\\nments, 4. Value of real estate, $1,359,940 value of personal estate.\\n82,107,500.\\nAmong the first settlers in this county were, Thomas Bivins, D. M.\\nBlJRKHALTER, J. BURKHALTER, MORGAN KEMP, ReUBEN KEMP, RaNDALL\\nStewart, D. Owens, R. Sellers.\\n35", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0609.jp2"}, "606": {"fulltext": "546 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nMcINTOSH COUNTY.\\nThis county was laid off from Liberty in 1793. Length, 40 m.\\nbreadth, 16m.; area square miles, 640.\\nThe Alatamaha is the principal river.\\nThe Alatamaha lands are of inexhaustible fertility, producing large\\nquantities of rice and sugar-cane. The pine lands are valuable for\\ntheir timber.\\nDarien is the capital, on the north bank of the Alatamaha, 190\\nmiles from Milledgeville.\\nAt this place is a large steam saw-mill, having five gangs of saws,\\ncapable of sawing 50,000 feet of lumber per day valuation of mill,\\n$50,000.\\nFort Barrington is 12 miles from Darien, on the Alatamaha.\\nSouth Newport is north of Darien.\\nJonesville is in the northern part of the county.\\nThe islands are, Sapelo, Wolf, Deboy, Broughton, c.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 283 families,\\n283 white males, 692 white females, 635 free coloured males, 41\\nfree coloured females, 31. Total free population, 1,399 slaves,\\n4,629. Deaths, 111. Farms, 117; manufacturing establishments,\\n10. Value of real estate, $632,945; value of personal estate,\\n$1,931,136.\\nThe lumber business is conducted extensively, and several of the\\ncitizens have engaged in the manufacture of turpentine with success.\\nThe climate is warm, and unhealthy. The planters are in the\\nhabit of retreating, during the summer months, to the pine lands.\\nNumerous instances of longevity are recorded. Mrs. Susannah\\nFord died in this county at the age of 113 years Mr. John Grant,\\na soldier under Oglethorpe, was nearly 90 at his death George\\nWhite, 81 John Calder, 77. Both of these gentlemen were sol-\\ndiers of the Revolution.\\nMrs. Ann McIntosh died on Tuesday, the 22d of October, 1833,\\nat Cedar Point, Mcintosh County, aged 100 years. Her parents\\ncame to this country with General Oglethorpe, and she was born\\nshortly after at Darien, where Oglethorpe had a military post. She\\nspent her life within ten miles of that place, ninety-five years\\nwithin two miles of it, and eighty-six on the same spot, never having\\nleft it but once, when she was expelled by the British. Mrs. M. pos-\\nsessed her voice and animation to the last hour, was a woman of good\\ncharacter, and highly esteemed by her friends.\\nThis county was named to commemorate the services of the\\nMcintosh family.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0610.jp2"}, "607": {"fulltext": "m intosh county. 547\\nGeneral Lachlan McIntosh was born in Scotland. When the\\nfirst regiment in Georgia was organized, he was elected commander.\\nBesides rendering important services in Georgia, he was invested with\\nthe command of an important Western post by Washington and by\\nhis prompt and prudent measures, succeeded in giving repose to the\\nfrontiers. He died at Savannah in 1806.\\nColonel James S. McIntosh, who lost his life in the late Mexican\\nwar, was born on the 19th of June, 1787, in the County of Liberty.\\nHe entered the army in 1812, and remained in it until the battle of\\nMolino del Rey, where he received a wound which terminated his life.\\nGeneral John McIntosh. Some incidents m the life of this dis-\\ntinguished soldier, as also of the lady whom he married, which have\\nnever appeared in print, and are known to but few persons now living,\\ncannot but prove highly interesting to the reader. They were fur-\\nnished by an esteemed friend. The patriotism and heroic fortitude of\\nMrs. Mcintosh, under the most trying circumstances, are worthy of re-\\ncord\\nGeneral Mcintosh, when a Lieutenant-Colonel in the army of the Kevolution,\\nduring the war became acquainted with Miss Sarah Swinton, of South Carolina,\\nof Scottish descent, and whose father, a patriot of those times, was killed in\\nbattle by the British at Stono. Her form was light and delicate. Possessed of a\\nwell-cultivated and discriminating mind, with a rare faculty for conversation\\nand argument, and although of soft, retiring manners, she espoused with an al-\\nmost imprudent zeal the cause of freedom, in a part of the country infested by\\nTories, and marauding bands of British troops. To this lady he was engaged to\\nbe married and in one of his excursions to the neighbourhood in which she re-\\nsided, he was informed that Captain Elholm, a Polander in the American ser-\\nnce. (Lee s Legion.) had acted oppressively towards some of the inhabitants, and\\nm remonstrating with him on the injustice and impolicy of his conduct, a quarrel\\nquickly ensued, and which, it was as promptly determined, should be settled by\\nthe arbitrament of the sword.\\nThe arranged meeting was soon generally known. Both were young, resolute,\\nactive, and powerful men, and it was thought that one or both would certainly\\nbe killed in the contest; and as the parties were moving on to the place of com-\\nbat, Miss Swinton requested to see for an instant her intended consort. The\\nfriends of the Colonel hesitated, fearing the consequences of an interview at\\nsuch a moment, which he had not the heart to decline, though he had one for a\\ndifferent and desperate encounter. He called on her, and was met with serious\\nfirmness, and after a little conversation, she observed, If you are, then, invio-\\nlably pledged to meet this man, and feel that your honour is dearer than life,\\nwhat, shall I do? Seeing that his cravat was but loosely bound about his neck,\\nshe continued, Yes, but let me adjust your cravat. And having with scrupulous\\ncare, as she thought, protected the most vulnerable and exposed part, after a few\\nbrief words, feeling the softer susceptibilities of her nature beginning to prevail,\\nshe hastily gave him her hand, and fled to her room, to conceal there her agita-\\ntion, and the anguish of a devoted heart.", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0611.jp2"}, "608": {"fulltext": "548 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nThe hostile parties met under a large oak, the ground about which was soon\\ncleared of every obstacle that might impede the movements of the combatants.\\nAt the word Ready, they drew, and, advancing with sharp and glittering\\nswords, commenced the battle in good earnest, with firm hearts and sturdy arms.\\nIn a little time the right arm of Captain Elholm was nearly severed from his\\nbody, and fell powerless by his side. Here it might be supposed that the contest\\nwould cease not so there was but a momentary pause, for he was a proud, fear-\\nless soldier, expert with his weapon, and naturally left-handed. His sword\\nwas dexterously transferred to his left hand, which he used with great effect;\\nand the blows came so awkwardly, that they were not easily parried by his right-\\nhanded antagonist. Both were in a few moments disabled in such a manner,\\nthat the friends present felt it proper to interfere, and end the bloody conflict.\\nThey carried to their graves the scars, and deeply furrowed cheeks, as evi-\\ndences of a once terrible struggle. Miss Swinton was not long in suspense the\\ncombatants were soon taken from the field, disfigured by many deep and danger-\\nous sabre wounds, of which, however, in due time, they both recovered and the\\nColonel often remarked that he was more indebted to the tender attentions of M is.s\\nS. for his restoration to health than to the management or skill of his surgeon.\\nWitnesses of the particulars of this scene have often related to the writer what\\nhe has above stated.\\nA little time after this occurrence, Colonel Mcintosh brought his young anil\\npatriotic wife to Georgia, his native State and some eight or ten years after the\\nclose of the war, he was induced by the representations of friends who had\\nremoved to Florida, to go there also, being then a province of Spain, v^here grants\\nfor fine lands could be obtained at but little cost or trouble. He removed there,\\nand settled on the St. John s with his family and was making improvements on\\nthe south bank of that beautiful river, when, on going to St. Augustine, as usual,\\nhe was roused from his bed, at midnight, by a band of Spanish troops, accompa-\\nnied by the Governor in disguise, Juan Nepomuceno de Quesada, with whom\\nhe had been on friendly terms, and by him was imprisoned in the fortress of St.\\nAugustine a company of soldiers being dispatched to the residence of the family,\\nforty miles distant, in search of papers to criminate him they had so basely seized,\\non suspicion, as it was afterwards said, of his having designs against the Spanish\\nGovernment. They came suddenly to the house, which they surrounded, and\\nentered, to the terror of a helpless family, rudely demanding the keys of every\\nplace on which there was a lock, made a thorough search, and carried off every\\ndocument, private letter, and scrap of paper on which any writing was to be seen.\\nWhile he remained in this prison, all intercourse with his distressed family and\\nfriends was interdicted; and by the first opportunity he was shipped, under a strong\\nguard, as a prisoner of state, to the Captain-General of Cuba, and by him incar-\\ncerated in the Moro Castle of Havana. He could obtain no information as to the\\ndirect cause of his imprisonment, nor hope as to the period of any trial, by which\\nhis innocence might be made to appear, expecting to perish in that loathsome\\ndungeon, as many do who enter it, never even hearing the cause of their arrest\\nor detention.\\nJust about this time, Mrs. Mcintosh had lost her sight, by attempting to\\nreduce an inflammation of the breast, which fell on her eyes, and produced", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0612.jp2"}, "609": {"fulltext": "M INTOSH COUNTY. 549\\nblindness, which the best oculists and medical men of our country, who had\\nbeen employed, could not relieve. Thus situated was Mrs. Mcintosh, in a wil-\\nderness country, with an aged grandmother and family of young children, far\\nfrom her friends her husband in a distant prison beyond sea, in the power of a des-\\npotic and pitiless government, surrounded by spies, ready to attribute all his\\nmovements to criminal designs, and so represent them and her property subject\\nto many losses for the want of accustomed care and direction. Yet she quailed\\nnot under these multiplied wrongs and afflictions. Her fortitude yielded not to\\nthe pressure of misfortune, but strengthened as her difficulties increased. She\\nwas a fervent Christian, and trusted in God to approve her efforts for deliver-\\nance from present and impending troubles.\\nShe obtained permission from the Governor of Florida to write to her husband.\\nShe also addressed several letters to the Captain-General of Cuba. Some of her\\nletters to Colonel Mcintosh were in her own handwriting: the process wns pain-\\nful and slow, being conducted by having a ruler as a guide, placed on the paper,\\nand writing over the upper edge of it, until the line was finished, when it was re-\\nmoved to a proper distance for the next line, the attendant supplying the ink\\nwhen necessary.\\nAn amanuensis became indispensable, (which was often one of her little sons,)\\nin consequence of her increased correspondence, induced by the imprisonment\\nof her husband. Several affecting letters of Mrs. Mcintosh, and a few pieces\\nof poetry, some of which appeared in the journals of the day, are all of her wri-\\ntings which now remain in the hands of her descendants.\\nColonel Mcintosh having placed himself voluntarily under the Spanish Gov-\\nernment, no interposition from ours could be claimed for him; but the private\\ninfluence of General Washington, and of the most distinguished men of our coun-\\ntry, many of whom had served with him during the war, was exerted in his be-\\nhalf, mainly through the active correspondence and ceaseless efforts of Mrs.\\nMcintosh. In her addresses to the functionaries of the Spanish Government, she\\nendeavoured to propitiate by a persuasive and flattering style but meeting with\\ndisappointment, and wearied by procrastination and the neglect of prevaricating\\nofficials, she had recourse to a more energetic manner, through letters to her\\nhusband, which she knew could not fail of falling into the hands of the Captain-\\nGeneral. In little less than a year, Colonel Mcintosh was released without trial,\\nconfronted by no accuser or testimony of any kind no charge having ever been\\nformally preferred against him. Such was the suspicious Spanish Government\\nthen, and such it is now.\\nOn Colonel Mcintosh s arrival in Florida, from Cuba, when near his home on\\nthe St. John s, it was announced to his family that he had been released, and\\nwould soon be in their midst.\\nThis was as a resurrection from the tomb, for all who judged rightly of the in-\\njustice and tyranny of this execrable government, believed him lost to his family\\nforever. Mrs. Mcintosh sprang from her seat, and with clasped hands expressed\\nthe rapturous emotions of her long and sorely-bruised heart in a flood of grateful\\ntears more eloquent than words.\\nThe tumultuous burst of joy by the family and servants around her was too\\nmuch for her delicate health, and she sunk upon the floor, oppressed by the over-", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0613.jp2"}, "610": {"fulltext": "550 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\npowering sensations of the moment; and when she awoke to consciousness,\\nfound herself in the arms of her husband, whose fate she had so long deplored.\\nColonel Mcintosh, chafed by the injustice and rigour of his confinement, left\\nthe Province immediately, not, however, without some acknowledgment of his\\ngratitude for Spanish hospitality, (aided by a few faithful followers, who had also\\nsuffered imprisonment in St. Augustine,) by destroying a small fort on the St.\\nJohn s, opposite to Jacksonville, then called the Cow Ford, and burning several\\ngalleys in the river, as they passed on to Georgia. The late Colonel Abner Ham-\\nmond, of Milledgeville, was a fellow-prisoner with Colonel Mcintosh in the Moro\\nCastle, and released at the same time.\\nMrs. Mcintosh lived several years after these troubles, and died among her\\nfriends on St. Simon s Island, Georgia, in 1799. General Mcintosh was called\\nagain to the service of his country in the war of 1812, and died in 1826, at his\\nplantation, in the county which received its name commemorative of the services\\nof his family, some of whom have held commissions in every war in which the\\ncountry has been engaged since the settlement of Georgia by General Oglethorpe.\\nBellevue, Florida, May 25, 1794.\\nMy Dear Mr. McIntosh: Three days ago I received your letter of the 30th\\nnit., but have heard nothing of the one directed to the care of Dr. Traverse.\\nNothing, my dear husband, in life would have given me half the satisfaction 1\\nexperienced in hearing from you, and, in the midst of my afflictions, I rejoice to\\nfind you so resigned to the will of God, who will, I trust, shortly deliver you from\\ncaptivity, and restore you again to your unhappy family. But why, my dear\\nhusband, do you mention my settling any of your business 1 Rest assured I have\\nnot the smallest doubt but you will be permitted to return as soon as your trial is\\nover, which, I have the best reason to believe, will be soon. Innocence and jus-\\ntice are on your side you have, therefore, nothing to fear from laws which, when\\nadministered justly, never oppress the innocent. Cheer up your spirits, therefore,\\ndear husband, and look forward to brighter prospects and happier days, which I\\nhope will shortly present themselves to your view. I truly regret you did not re-\\nceive your trunk earlier; you must have wanted for every necessary. We are\\nall as well as we can be in your absence\\nAdieu, my dear husband and may that merciful\\nGod, who so often shielded you in the day of battle, guard and restore you in\\nsafety to your unhappy family, is the sincere and constant prayer of your truly\\naffectionate wife, Sarah S. McIntosh.\\nA Letter to his Excellency the Captain- General of the Island of Cuba,\\nLouisiana, and the two Floridas.\\nEast Florida, May 25th, 1794.\\nMay it please your Excellency: I should before the present time have\\ndone myself the honour of addressing you, emboldened to do so from your gene-\\nrous, humane, and benevolent character but I hitherto declined it, in expecta-\\ntion of first receiving a copy, agreeably to the translation into Spanish, of some\\npapers, which, on the 21st day of March last, I had laid before his Excellency,", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0614.jp2"}, "611": {"fulltext": "M 1NT0SH COUNTY. 551\\nthe Governor of this Province, with a letter from myself respecting my husband,\\nMr. John Mcintosh, who unfortunately, though innocently, fell under some suspi-\\ncion, as I am told, of having views inimical to the government, and who, I under-\\nstand, is now in confinement in the Moro Castle. Having at length, this day, re-\\nceived the above-mentioned copy, I take the liberty of doing myself the honour\\nof transmitting it to you, and of candidly laying my unfortunate story before you,\\nhumbly entreating your Excellency s attention to it. Being informed by a friend\\nthat nothing would be done respecting my papers without a formal petition from\\nmyself to the Governor, I, in a weak and infirm situation, without loss of time,\\nwent to St. Augustine, and on the first day of April, laid a petition before his Ex-\\ncellency, the Governor, praying that the papers already laid before him respect-\\ning my husband, Mr. John Mcintosh, should be justly translated into the Spanish\\nlanguage that such translation, with the original, should be annexed to the pro-\\nceedings against him also that I should be furnished with a copy of said trans-\\nlation and petition, which was granted but whether anything more has been\\ndone in the business, I have not been able to learn. This is, therefore, with all\\nimaginable respect and due submission, to petition the favour of your Excellency\\nto order that the charges (if any there are) against my husband, with the proofs\\nannexed in his vindication, should be transmitted to your Excellency, that he\\nmay the more speedily be brought to trial.\\nBy those papers you will be able to judge of the character and connections of\\nmy unfortunate husband. Is it then reasonable or probable to suppose that a man\\nwho for forty years has pursued a life of the strictest honour and most undeviat-\\ning rectitude, should in a moment descend from every sentiment that was ho-\\nnourable and just, to unite with a set of desperate and unprincipled men, who\\nhad nothing to hazard, and whose only views could have been to enrich them-\\nselves by the property of others One who had been for upwards of fourteen\\nmonths previous to his captivity labouring under a consumptive habit, whose life\\nhad been several times during that period despaired of by his friends and physi-\\ncians, with a wife who, I may without vanity say, he most affectionately loved,\\ndeprived of sight, and who still is under the influence of the same painfully dis-\\ntressing complaint, added to all which, the loss of a lovely infant, hisonly daughter,\\non whom he doted. Can it, indeed, as I have before observed, be reasonable to be-\\nlieve that a man of such character, in such circumstances and situation, could\\nhave designs inimical to a government under which he enjoyed perfect peace\\nand tranquillity, his happiness being only disturbed by the afflictions with which\\nit had pleased the hand of God to visit himself and his family\\nWhat I have advanced is literally true, and what I can prove readily by my\\nneighbours. To your Excellency s humanity and justice I submit my cause.\\nJustice is all I ask all I require. Justice from your humane hands I have not a\\ndoubt I shall receive and justice will, I trust, restore my dear partner to his (at\\npresent) wretched and disconsolate family. Suffer, sir my miserable situa-\\ntion to touch your generous and noble breast with pity and compassion. Allow\\nyour imagination to paint my distress in the most lively colours. Imagine you\\nbehold before you an unhappy female, deprived of sight, labouring under a con-\\ntinual series of bodily pain, unused hitherto to experience the iron hand of want,\\nwhose mental anguish is far the most poignant, with six small children around", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0615.jp2"}, "612": {"fulltext": "552 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nher, the eldest of whom does not exceed twelve years, with a very slender pro-\\nperty to support them, and that daily diminishing for want of its head to. direct\\nand manage it to the best advantage. Let me, sir for pity s sake, for jus-\\ntice, sake, and for God s sake, entreat you in the most earnest manner to take\\ninto consideration my most unhappy case, and as you find no cause for longer de-\\ntention, restore to liberty your innocent and suffering prisoner, and thereby add\\nnew lustre to a character already dignified by acts of liberality, justice and\\nhumanity. And what is still more, your generous heart will exult in the\\npleasing reflection, that you have snatched from misery and ruin an unhappy\\nfamily, who will to their latest breath feel the highest sense of gratitude for your\\ngoodness.\\nI should be wanting in gratitude to the best of husbands, who ever since our\\nunion has reposed the most unbounded confidence in me, did I not declare, that\\nsince his residence in this Province, he has been a warm friend, and upwards of\\ntwo years a faithful servant of the Spanish government, which he served in the\\noffice in which he was placed without reward or emolument, to the apparent sa-\\ntisfaction of his superiors, and all others with whom concerned in business. I\\nhave further to petition that your Excellency will permit my husband to write to\\nme by every opportunity that may offer, and allow him to receive my letters.\\nResting in the fullest confidence of your justice and goodness,\\nWith the highest respect, I have the honour to be,\\nYour Excellency s most obedient,\\nAnd very humble servant,\\nSarah S. McIntosh.\\nBellevue, East Florida, October 24th, 1794.\\nYour favours, my dear Mr. Mcintosh, of the 6th of July and 2d of August, were\\nhanded to me two days ago. Nothing, in my present situation, could have given\\nme so much real pleasure as I experienced in observing your resignation to the\\nwill of Providence, and that you had again recovered your health, for which I\\nam truly thankful although I must confess I am still fearful respecting your con-\\nsumptive complaint pray be more particular in your next. I shall most un-\\ndoubtedly call on Colonel Howard with your letter, and apply to him for a certi-\\nficate, as you requested, knowing he has it fully in his power to give it, having\\nmyself delivered him a letter in March last, from Major Berrien, containing some\\ninformation (with his newspapers) interesting to this Province, which letter the\\nMajor read to myself, and then intrusted to my care. I should make no delay\\nin calling on Colonel Howard, but at present he is on a visit at the Battery be-\\nlow; but on his return shall pay my respects to him, after which you shall hear\\nfrom me, as I expect another conveyance will offer in a few days. I am very\\nhappy to find you have received my letters of the 19th and 25th of May, which\\nI feared had miscarried, having written also by the same opportunity to his Ex-\\ncellency the Captain-General, stating facts, and petitioning for justice from his\\nhumane hands. I also inclosed him a Spanish translation of the papers that I\\nreceived from Georgia, likewise entreating that his Excellency would have the\\ngoodness to order to Havana the accusations against you, (if any there are,)\\nwith the proofs annexed in your favour, those papers being collected by me, in", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0616.jp2"}, "613": {"fulltext": "m intosh county. 553\\nconsequence of being informed by some of my friends in St. Augustine that\\nthere was some suspicion of your having views inimical to this government.\\nThe charges against you, with the proofs annexed in your favour, were, I am told,\\nsent on by the Governor in the month of August; but not hearing from his Ex-\\ncellency the Captain-General, and being impatient of such long delay, which is\\nindeed the severest punishment both on yourself and your unfortunate family,\\nand this punishment, too, without a crime to merit it, has at length determined\\nme to apply to the King, and by a memorial in my own name, entreat a redress\\nof those grievances under which we have too long laboured. For this purpose,\\ntherefore, when I was last in town, from whence I returned about three weeks\\nago, I made application for a power of attorney, to be drawn out in the name of\\nthe American Ambassador at the Court of Madrid, empowering him to author-\\nize another to act, under his direction, in your business. This power I found\\ngreat difficulty in obtaining, nor should I ever have received it but through the\\ndint of perseverance and resolution for after being amused with frequent pro-\\nmises for near three weeks, and becoming more impatient and solicitous, (having\\nno other business in town,) I received the categorical answer, that as the power\\nwas desired in favour of a foreigner, it could not be granted. Roused with re-\\nsentment at so flagrant a violation of law and justice, I, without loss of time, me-\\nmorialized his Excellency the Governor, to direct that I should be furnished with\\nthe above-mentioned power, which was finally done although I can assure you,\\nT met with many obstacles before my point was gained. My memorial and\\npower of attorney go to Court well supported, my friends being no less power-\\nful than willing to serve me.\\nI have also the promise of our friend Major Berrien, to write respecting your\\nbusiness to his Excellency, Don Diego de Gardoquie, one of his Majesty s Minis-\\nters of State, formerly Ambassador from Spain to the United States, with whom\\nthe Major had the honour of a personal acquaintance when in New-York. When\\nI memorialized the Governor, I requested he would return your papers as well as\\nmy own, which had been seized on your imprisonment. This was likewise\\ngranted, except your agreement with Mr. Wagnon, to bring in your cattle from\\nGeorgia, and four letters from Colonel Samuel Hammond, which he (the Gover-\\nnor) informed me he had forwarded to the Captain-General. This intelligence\\nwas far from being unpleasant, knowing full well the contents of all the letters\\nyou ever received either from him or any other friend since you left Georgia one\\nof his being written years ago, and containing nothing more than might naturally\\nbe expected from an old acquaintance and brother officer; and although it has\\nbeen represented by some mischievous character, that he had long ago joined\\nGeneral Clarke, who has possessed himself of the Yazoo land, it can easily be\\nproved that this very man is still pursuing his own private business in Savannah.\\nHowever, be that as it may, Colonel Hammond s letters will speak for them-\\nselves, and I rejoice they are placed in the Captain-General s hands, who, if he\\ndoes not fully understand the English language himself, has, I hope, a better in-\\nterpreter than some of the Spanish Provinces can boast of.\\nYou flatter me, my dear husband, in saying I would make a good lawyer. I\\nclaim no merit; shining abilities are not very necessary to plead well in a good\\ncause but I must truly acknowledge, it requires brightness of genius to trans-", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0617.jp2"}, "614": {"fulltext": "554 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nform a bad cause into a good one. Your letters inclosed to Dr. Traverse have never\\nreached ray hands; that dated the 10th May I received and answered. I am\\nmuch surprised at your hearing so seldom from me, this being the ninth letter\\nI have written to you since our painful separation, which, God grant, may not be\\nof much longer continuance. I am sorry you missed your morning-gown. I\\nshall send you another by Captain Dominic, by whom this also will be forwarded.\\nI hope to hear from you by his return. I feel the deepest sense of gratitude and\\nobligation to the Captain-General, for his humanity in permitting you to write\\nto me, and to receive my letters, which I shall, in future, send under cover, as\\ndirected. May the Supreme Disposer of all human events reward him for every\\nmark of indulgence he is pleased to bestow on his innocent but suffering prisoner.\\nDon Sanctos Roderique, the Commissary at the Bluff, goes in a few days to Ha-\\nvana. I shall furnish him with money to purchase your tobacco. Agreeably to\\nyour desire, I have sent our son William with Si 00 to his uncle, and requested\\nhe should be sent on to New-York. My eyes are considerably mended, but as I\\nthink Dr. Baron may still be serviceable, I shall, with the Governor s permission,\\ngo to Charleston in the course of a fortnight; my stay there I do not expect\\nwill exceed more than two months.\\nI trust, in the goodness of God, the justice of the law, and the humanity of his\\nExcellency the Captain-General, to restore you again shortly to your unhappy\\nfamily, who all unite in an affectionate remembrance to you.\\nAdieu, my dear husband, and may the Guardian of innocence protect and re-\\nstore you to liberty again, is the sincere and daily prayer of your truly affection-\\nate wife, Sarah S. McIntosh.\\nN. B. Your passport is undoubtedly in the Captain-General s hands. We are\\nall well adieu.\\nREVOLUTIONARY DOCUMENT.\\nWe copy the following paper from the Colonial records, to which\\naccess was granted us by a resolution of the Legislature of the State\\nof Georgia\\nJanuary 12, 1775.\\nIn the Darien Committee. When the most valuable privileges of a people are\\ninvaded, not only by open violence, but by every kind of fraud, sophistry, and\\ncunning, it behooves every individual to be upon his guard, and every member\\nof society, like beacons in a country surrounded by enemies, to give the alarm,\\nnot only when their liberties in general are attacked, but separately, lest a pre-\\ncedent in one may affect the whole; and to enable the collective wisdom of such\\npeople to judge of its consequences, and how far their respective grievances con-\\ncern all, or should be opposed to preserve their necessary union.\\nEvery laudable attempt of this kind, by the good people of this colony, in a\\nconstitutional manner, hath been hitherto frustrated by the influence and autho-\\nrity of men in office, and their numerous dependents.\\nWe, therefore, the representatives of the extensive district in the Colony of\\nGeorgia, being now assembled in Congress, by the authority and free choice of\\nthe inhabitants of the same district, now freed from their fetters, do resolve\\nSigned by Lach. McIntosh, Geo. Threadcraft, Charles McDonald, John", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0618.jp2"}, "615": {"fulltext": "M INTOSH COUNTY. 555\\nMcIntosh, Raymond Demere, Jiles Moore, Samuel McCleland, Richard\\nCooper, Seth McCollugh, Isaac Hall, Thomas King, John Roland, P.\\nShuttleworth, Joseph Slobe, James Newson, A. D. Cuthbert, John Hall,\\nJno. McCullugh, Sen., Peter Sallers, Jun., James Clark, Jno. Witherspoon,\\nJun r, Jno. Witherspoon, Jno. Fulton, Samuel Fulton, Isaac Cuthbert, Jno.\\nMcCollugh, Jun r, Wm. McCollugh, R. Shuttleworth, John McCleland,\\nmembers of the Association.\\nThe following- resolutions were adopted\\nFirst, That the unparalleled moderation, the decent, but firm and manly con-\\nduct of the loyal and brave people of Boston and Massachusetts Bay, to preserve\\ntheir liberty, deserve not only the applause and thanks of all Americans, but\\nalso the imitation of all mankind. But to avoid needless repetition, we acqui-\\nesce and join in all the resolutions passed by the Grand American Congress\\nin Philadelphia, last October. We thank them for their sage counsel and advice,\\nand most heartily and cheerfully accede to the association entered into by them,\\nas the wisest and most moderate measure that could be adopted in our present\\ncircumstances to reconcile and firmly unite Great Britain and the colonies, so\\nindispensably necessary to each other, by the surest and best basis, mutual\\ninterest. But as the wisest counsels upon earth are liable to the errors of\\nhumanity, and notwithstanding our reverence and partiality for that august\\nAssembly, we beg leave to differ from them in opinion, charging the unjust\\nmeasures of the present and preceding ministry to a person qualified rather for\\na private than a public station; and as the resentment of his countrymen on a\\nformer occasion was raised by the illiberal and unjust abuse of them indiscrimi-\\nnately, for the faults of that man, we humbly presume the renewing it at this\\ntime, on so little foundation, at least impolitic, being confident that every mem-\\nber of that late wise, patriotic, and truly honourable Congress, from a principle of\\ncandour and justice, will rather commend than blame our honest and well-meant\\nfreedom.\\nSecond, That in shutting up our land offices, with the intention of raising our\\nquit-rents, and setting up our lands at public sale, representations of the Crown\\ntract have not been duly considered and attended to in all its consequences to\\nthis vast continent that it is a principal part of the unjust system of politics\\nadopted by the present ministry to subject and enslave us, and evidently pro-\\nceeds from an ungenerous jealousy of the colonies, to prevent as much as pos-\\nsible the population of America, and the relief of the poor and distressed in\\nGreat Britain, and elsewhere, for whom a kind Providence has opened a new\\nworld from the merciless oppressors, when the old is overcome with such mon-\\nsters.\\nThat monopolizing our lands into few hands, is forming and encouraging petty\\ntyrants to lord it over us, or to reside in any other part of the world in extrava-\\ngance, luxury, and folly, by the fruit of our labour and industry. Such oppressors\\nneither we nor our fathers were able to bear, and it drove us to the wilderness,\\nand that all encouragement should be given to the poor of every nation by every\\ngenerous American.\\nThird, That ministerial mandates, under the name of instructions, preventing", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0619.jp2"}, "616": {"fulltext": "556 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nthe legal representatives of the people to enact laws suiting their own respective\\nsituations and circumstances, are a general grievance, and more especially to\\nthis young colon) where our internal police is not yet well settled and as a\\nproof of the intention of these restrictions, when time and opportunity offer, we\\npoint out particularly, amongst many others of like nature, the not suffering us\\nto limit the term of our Assembly, or passing a quit-rent law to ascertain and fix\\nthe most valuable part of our property.\\nFourth, That an over proportion of officers for the number of inhabitants, and\\npaying the salaries from Britain, so much cast up to us by Court parasites, and\\nfor which we are so often charged with ingratitude, are, in truth, real and great\\ngrievances, rendering them insolent and regardless of their conduct, being inde-\\npendent of the people, who should support them according to their usefulness\\nand behaviour, and for whose benefit and conveniency alone they were originally\\nintended. That besides these exorbitant salaries, which enable them all to act by\\ndeputies, whilst they wallow in luxury themselves, their combining to raise their\\nexorbitant and illegal fees and perquisites by various acts upon the subject to an\\nalarming height, are more dangerous to our liberties than a regular army, having\\nthe means of corruption so much in their power, the danger of which is exem-\\nplified in the present unhappy state of our brethren and fellow-subjects in Great\\nBritain. To prevent, therefore, as much as in us lies, these direful effects, we do\\nresolve never to choose any person in public office, his deputy, deputies, or any\\nexpectant, to represent us in Assembly, or in any other public place in our elec-\\ntion, hoping the example will be followed throughout this colony, and in all\\nAmerica.\\nFifth. [This resolution is omitted by the compiler.]\\nSixth, That we do hereby choose Messrs. to represent us for this district\\nin the Provincial Congress at Savannah, the 18th instant, or at any other time\\nand place appointed hereafter, for the space of one year from this day, and that\\na copy of these resolutions be given them, as expressing the sense of this dis-\\ntrict of public grievances, which will serve for their direction and instructions\\nand it is further our desire that our said deputies shall use their endeavours to\\nsend two delegates to the General Continental Congress, to be held at Phila-\\ndelphia next May.\\nMERIWETHER COUNTY.\\nJLaid out from Troup, and organized in 1827. Length, 26 m.\\nbreadth, 17m.; area square miles, 442. Named after General David\\nMeriwether.\\nFlint River is the principal stream.\\nThe surface of the country is undulating-. The Pine Mountains\\nrise in this county W. of the Flint River, and afford a variety of pic-\\nturesque scenery.\\nGood lands are found, particularly on Flint River, and Red and\\nWhite Oak creeks.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0620.jp2"}, "617": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0621.jp2"}, "618": {"fulltext": "YzJT^zXsr-", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0622.jp2"}, "619": {"fulltext": "MERIWETHER COUNTY. 557\\nThe climate is temperate, but subject to frequent changes.\\nGreeneville, named in honour of Major-General Nathaniel Greene,\\nis the seat of justice. It is located nearly in the centre of the county,\\non a high ridge, on the waters of Walnut Creek, 108 miles west of\\nMilledgeville.\\nSandtown is ten miles south of Greeneville.\\nFlat Shoals is twelve miles east of Greeneville. The water-power\\nis unimproved, although it presents inducements for manufacturing\\npurposes unsurpassed by any in Georgia.\\nThis county is celebrated for its valuable medicinal springs.\\nThe Chalybeate Springs are 1,600 feet above the level of the sea.\\nThe waters are highly spoken of, and the accommodations for visitors\\nare excellent.\\nThe Warm Springs are situated on a spur of the Pine Mountain,\\n36 miles from Columbus. A fountain, gushing forth 1,400 gallons of\\nwater per minute, of 90 degrees temperature, is among the greatest\\nwonders in Georgia. The bathing-houses are fine, and every ar-\\nrangement is made to accommodate visitors.\\nThe Cold Spring is three-quarters of a mile from the hotel, afford-\\ning 4,000 gallons of water per minute.\\nThere are some other springs in the county.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 1,428; families,\\n1,428; white males, 4,269; white females, 4,212; 1 free coloured\\nmale 1 free coloured female. Total free population, 8,483 slaves,\\n7,993. Deaths, 210. Farms, 824. Value of real estate, $2,125,747\\nvalue of personal estate, $4,241,421.\\nAmong the first settlers of this county were, Colonel Wellborn,\\nMarshall Martin, David Williams, Dr. Andrew Park, Abner\\nDunham, Freeman W. Blount, W. D. Alexander, William Harris,\\nHenry Harris, Sen., Isaac Thrash, Allen Rowe, George C.\\nHeard, Wm. Gill, Lewis Pyrom, John P. Thompson, J. Hodnet,\\nE. Peavy, Simeon Petit, John Jones, Charles B. Harris, C.\\nCampbell, Major Kendall, John H. Jones, E. Bradley.\\nHon. Hiram Warner. This gentleman was born in the State of\\nMassachusetts, on the 29th of October, 1802. When about seventeen\\nyears of age, he came to Georgia, and after visiting the upper parts of\\nthe State, was employed as an assistant teacher in the academy at\\nSparta, in Hancock County. Fears were entertained that his youth\\nand inexperience would disqualify him from discharging his duties\\nbut during his entire connection with the academy, he was able to\\ngive general satisfaction.\\nHaving determined to make the profession of the law his business,\\nas soon as he could qualifv himself to enter upon its duties, he occu-", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0623.jp2"}, "620": {"fulltext": "558 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\npied the time not spent in school in legal studies. In the fall of the\\nyear 1824, he was admitted to practice in the courts of Georgia, and\\nshortly afterwards settled at Knoxville, Crawford County. By un-\\nremitting attention to his duties, he very soon secured an extensive\\npractice.\\nIn 1828 he w r as elected a representative to the State Legislature\\nfrom Crawford County, and continued to be its representative until\\n1831. Judge Warner s course as a legislator was always independent\\nand liberal, and although generally acting with his political friends,\\nhis kind behaviour to his opponents commanded their respect and\\ngood feeling. Whilst a member of the Legislature, he introduced a\\nbill to alter the Constitution, so as to abolish the property qualifica-\\ntion of Senators and Representatives, contending, in a speech which\\nhe made in support of the measure, that a man s capacity for making\\nlaws ought not to be estimated according to the amount of property\\nhe might possess. The bill, however, was lost, but at a subsequent\\nsession was passed, and is now a law of the land.\\nWe have heard of an incident connected with this gentleman s poli-\\ntical career which reflects great credit upon him, and which, we hazard\\nnothing in saying, is not common at the present day with candidates\\nfor public favour.\\nWhen a candidate before the people, he was opposed on the ground\\nthat he had refused to pledge himself to vote for some public officer,\\nwho was to be elected by the Legislature, and whom a majority of\\nhis constituents, it was thought, preferred. His opponent had pledged\\nhimself, if elected, to vote for the officer, and on the Saturday before\\nthe election, at a regimental muster in the county, whilst Judge War-\\nner was making a speech, the question was put to him, whether he was\\nwilling to make a similar pledge To which he indignantly replied\\nI may or I may not vote for that officer, but I will not degrade my-\\nself so much, nor those whose suffrages I seek, as to make a pledge\\nin advance as to what I may or may not do as their representative.\\nIf the people whose suffrages I seek have not, from their knowledge of\\nmy general character, sufficient confidence to believe that I will honestly\\nand faithfully represent their wishes and interests, then vote against\\nme but if they have such confidence, I should be extremely happy\\nfor them to manifest it at the ballot-box on Monday next. This no-\\nble answer was appreciated by the people, for they elected him by an\\nincreased majority.\\nDuring the nullification controversy, Mr. Warner was directly op-\\nposed to that movement, not believing it to be either a peaceable or\\nconstitutional remedy for the alleged grievances, and was a delegate\\nfrom the County of Crawford to the Anti-tariff Convention, which as-\\nsembled at Milledgeville in 1832, and was one of the seceders from\\nthat body, with the late John Forsyth and others.\\nDuring the session of the Legislature of the year 1833, a new cir-\\ncuit was formed, called the Coweta Circuit, and of which he was\\nelected judge. In 1836 he was re-elected by nearly a unanimous\\nvote, and continued to discharge its duties until 1840, when he was", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0624.jp2"}, "621": {"fulltext": "MERIWETHER COUNTY. 559\\nremoved, for no other reason, it is supposed, but that he did not\\nvote the Harrison ticket. He then returned to the practice of law\\nwith his usual energy, and it is affirmed that he realized at least ten\\nthousand dollars by his practice for the year 1841. In December,\\n1845, the Supreme Court of Georgia was organized, and he was\\nelected one of the judges for the term of four years and in 1849, was\\nre-elected for the term of six years, by almost a unanimous vote. He\\nresides upon his plantation, in Meriwether County, near Greeneville.\\nTo agricultural pursuits he is much devoted, and, unlike most pro-\\nfessional men, makes good crops.\\nOf Judge Warner it may be truly said, that he has been the\\narchitect of his own fortune, and that is the only aristocracy which\\nought to be acknowledged in a republican government. He has\\nalways been remarkable for great energy and perseverance. In\\n1849, he stated to a gentleman, that during the seven years he was on\\nthe bench of the Superior Court, he never failed to hold a court at\\nthe time prescribed by law, either in his own circuit or for some judge\\nwith whom he exchanged circuits, and that during the five years from\\n1840 to 1845, he was never absent from any term of the court, both re-\\ngular and adjourned, which was held in the circuit that during the\\nfour years he had been on the bench of the Supreme Court, he always\\npresented himself at every term which had been held in the State,\\nmaking, in the aggregate, a period of sixteen years, within which\\ntime he was punctual in his attendance upon every term of the courts\\nto which business called him.\\nThere are some incidents connected with Judge Warner s adminis-\\ntration of the laws that have not generally been known, and a re-\\ncital of which we believe will be interesting to our readers.\\nSoon after the organization of Murray County, there were two par-\\nties, called the Bishop and the Anti-Bishop parties, among which\\nthere was great excitement. Owing to some prejudice that existed,\\nBishop and his friends were unwilling that the then presiding judge\\nof the Cherokee Circuit should hold the court for the trial of the\\ncauses in which they were interested, and therefore the judge of that\\ncircuit proposed to exchange courts with Judge Warner, so that the\\nlatter might preside at the trials in Murray. An eye-witness says\\nJudge Warner arrived at Spring Place, the county site, early in the\\nmorning of the day the court was to be held, and found the little vil-\\nlage nearly surrounded by a company of United States soldiers. The\\njudge, having ordered breakfast, was shaving, when a communication\\nin writing was handed to him by the late General Steelman. Upon\\nopening the letter, he found it to be from Captain Buffington, of the\\narmy, informing him that, by order of Colonel Lindsey, of the United\\nStates Army, stationed in Tennessee, he had repaired to Spring Place,\\nfor the purpose of enabling the Judge of the Superior Court to execute\\nthe laws of Georgia, and tendering him his own services and that of\\nhis command. The judge, immediately calling for pen, ink, and paper,\\nreplied to Captain Bufnngton s communication assuring him, that\\nhowever highly he might appreciate the motives which induced Colo-", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0625.jp2"}, "622": {"fulltext": "560 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nnel Lindsey to order Captain Buffington and his command to that\\nplace, to enable the Judge of the Superior Court to execute the laws\\nof Georgia, he was not aware there existed any necessity for his\\nservices, or that of his command that Georgia was abundantly able\\nto execute her own laws and that so far as that duty devolved upon\\nhim, on that occasion he expected to have no difficulty in doing it,\\nwithout his assistance. In less than thirty minutes after the receipt\\nof the communication the soldiers tents were struck, and Captain\\nBuffington and his command were on their march to their quarters in\\nTennessee. Several of the Anti-Bishop party implored the judge not\\nto send the soldiers away the women cried, and said they would all\\nbe killed, the court could not be held, c.\\nWhen the time arrived for opening the court, the Sheriff was re-\\nluctant to go to the court-house, saying that he was certain he would\\nbe killed before the trials were over. The judge assured him that he\\nshould be protected took him by the arm, walked to the court\\nhouse, opened court, and during the term tried Bishop and other im\\nportant criminal causes, growing out of the Murray difficulties, with-\\nout the least disturbance. Judge Warner s conduct on this occasion\\nwas the theme of admiration.\\nOf the legal qualifications of this gentleman it is scarcely necessary\\nto speak, as the evidences of their high order have been already\\nexhibited in the positions to which he has been so repeatedly eleva-\\nted. The characteristic feature of his mind is its remarkable logical\\nforce. His efforts at the bar and his decisions on the bench alike\\ndisclose this feature. His style is free from ornament, and with an\\nunusual directness, he approaches and discusses the question controll-\\ning every case not one redundant word, not one of repetition, and\\nyet complete. His language, with perfect accuracy, conveys pre-\\ncisely the idea intended.\\nMONROE COUNTY.\\nLaid out by the Lottery Act of 1821, and apart set off to Butts, 1825,\\nand named after James Monroe, President of the United States.\\nLength, 21 m. breadth, 16m.; area square miles, 336.\\nThe Ocmulgee forms the eastern boundary. The Towaliga emp-\\nties into the Ocmulgee. There are several creeks, viz., Tobesofkee,\\nCrooked, Shoal, c.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 1,194; families,\\n1,194; white males, 3,472; white females, 3,338; free coloured\\nmales, 2; free coloured females, 3. Total free population, 6,815:\\nslaves, 10,170. Deaths, 210. Farms, 746 manufacturing establish-\\nments, 2. Value of real estate, $2,580,103 value of personal estate,\\n$5,684,909.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0626.jp2"}, "623": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0627.jp2"}, "624": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0628.jp2"}, "625": {"fulltext": "MONROE COUNTY. 561\\nThe soil is various, combining the best and the worst. The lands\\non the water-courses arc rich, dark, chocolate soil, well timbered, and\\nadmirably adapted to the cultivation of cotton. The mulatto and\\ngray lands are tolerably productive.\\nForsyth is the county town, situated on a ridge dividing the wa-\\nters of Rum and Tobesofkce creeks, 50 miles W. N. W. of Milledge-\\nville.\\nAt this place is located the Forsyth Female Collegiate Institute.\\nThe wealthy and intelligent citizens of Forsyth, and Monroe County\\ngenerally, having felt for some years the inconvenience and impolicy\\nof sending their daughters far from home to obtain a suitable educa-\\ntion, determined to change their course, and throw themselves upon\\ntheir own resources.\\nAccordingly, the citizens of the county and village determined to\\nestablish a female school of high order. An act, incorporating a\\ncollege seminary at Forsyth, passed the State Legislature in 1849,\\nwhich was at once carried into effect by the friends of the enterprise.\\nThe brick building known as the Monroe Railroad Bank, owned by the\\nMasonic Fraternity, was repaired, and enlarged with a third story,\\nat a cost of several thousand dollars, so as to accommodate a school\\nof seventy or eighty pupils.\\nThe Board of Trustees chose the Rev. E. J. C. Thomas Principal\\nduring the year 1850. He was succeeded by the Rev. William C.\\nWilkes, who entered upon his duties with a determination to elevate\\nthe institution to a rank equal to any in the South. He well knew\\nthe difficulties to be encountered but with prudence, energy, and a\\nfull board of efficient assistants, the College was soon placed in a po-\\nsition to secure confidence and command extensive patronage. The\\nannual increase of pupils has been over twenty-five per cent.\\nIn two years, under its present organization, the increase of pupils\\nWas so great, and the audiences which attended the commencement\\noccasions were so large, that the Trustees were convinced other and\\nmore extensive arrangements should be made to meet the wants of tho\\ninstitution.\\nThe old Southern Botanic College building, a large and imposing\\nedifice in an unfinished condition, was purchased and completed for a\\nsum little less than $10,000, and is now an ornament to the town,\\nand well suited to the purposes contemplated.\\nThe principal and nearly all his assistants reside in the College.\\nConnected with it are a good library, a well-selected chemical, philo-\\nsophical, and astronomical apparatus, and a mineralogical cabinet,\\nwith some of the rarest and finest specimens.\\nCulloden is a quiet and pleasant village, 32 miles west of Macon.\\nIt was selected by gentlemen of wealth having large families to edu-\\ncate, on account of its healthiness. It is named after Mr. William\\nCulloden, one of the first settlers of the county. At this place there\\nhas been for several years an excellent seminary for young ladies.\\n36", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0629.jp2"}, "626": {"fulltext": "362\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nGulletsville, or New Market, is twelve miles north of Forsyth.\\nRussellville is eight miles northeast of Culloden.\\nPrattsville is nine miles from Forsyth.\\nTOWALICA FALLS.\\nOn the Towaliga River are the falls known as the Towaliga Falls.\\nTn the Illustrations of Georgia, by William C. Richards, Esq.,\\nthey are thus described The pleasing impressions first received\\nwere continually enhanced by successive and varied views, which may\\nbe obtained at will. Indeed, so fine is the view afforded from many\\npoints, that it is difficult to decide which is the most attractive and\\npassing from rock to rock, the beholder is ever delighted with new\\nFeatures. This variety is the greatest charm of the scene. The river\\nabove the falls is about three hundred feet wide, flowing swiftly over\\na rockv shoal. At its first descent it is divided by a ledge of rock, and\\nforms two precipitous falls for a distance of fifty feet. The falls are\\nmuch broken by the uneven surface over which the water flows, and\\non reaching their rocky basin are shivered into foam and spray.\\nGeorgia Episcopal Institute. The Episcopal Church is chiefly\\nindebted to the liberality of G. B. Lamar, Esq formerly of the city\\nof Savannah, now of the city of New-York, for this invaluable sem-\\ninary. It is located at Montpelier, in this county, about seventeen\\nmiles from Macon, fourteen from Forsyth, and six from the Macon\\nand Western Railroad. Its advantages are not surpassed by those\\nof any school in the United Slates. Until the property was purchased\\nby Mr. Lamar, it was a favourite resort for invalids, who were at-\\n\\\\racted by its medicinal springs, healthful climate, and delightful tern-", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0630.jp2"}, "627": {"fulltext": "MONROE COUNTY. 563\\nperature. Its natural beauties, which are rarely equalled, have been\\nimproved with the finest taste. The visitor needs only to see its\\nextensive lawn, majestic groves, shady walks, beautiful gardens, and\\nspacious buildings, to be in love with the spot. The course of instruc-\\ntion is thorough and complete, embracing every item that can contri-\\nbute to fit a lady for the first stations in society. Its teachers are per-\\nsons of high character and first-rate abilities. It may be truly said\\nthat in this school true religion, useful learning, and polished refine-\\nment, are inseparably united.\\nAmong the early settlers were, O. Woodward, B. Rogers, P. Lacy,\\nRev. O. Rogers, Job Taylor, T. Harpue, A. Ponder, Mr. Lester,\\nWilliamson Mims, John Brown, E. Brown, A. Chapman, A. Lock-\\nitt, A. Redding, Thomas Holland, Simon Brooks, Tiios. Dew-\\nberry, Josiaii Horton, A. Davis, Joseph Dunn, Moses Dumas,\\nBenj. Dumas, D. Ponder, Thos. Battle, E. Jackson, A. Chapell,\\nW. P. Henry, Wilkins Hunt, Andrew West, Rev. G. Christian,\\nDr. Brown, Dr. E. W. Jones, David McDade, Dr. Law, Geo. W.\\nGordon.\\nThe following instances of remarkable longevity have come to our\\nknowledge\\nJesse Powell, 81 Mrs. Sarah Woodward died at 84 Mrs.\\nBrooks died between 80 and 90; John Chapell at 80; John King,\\n84; Mrs. Blount, 80; Eden Taylor, between 80 and 90; W. A.\\nWheeler, over 83; John Watson, 86; Aaron Jordon, 82; Ben-\\njamin Haygood, 83. Three years ago there were living, Rev. Rich-\\nard Holmes, aged 80; Mrs. Richard Holmes, 80; Mrs. Joiner, 80;\\nPhilemon Lacy, 80; Simon Brooks, 90; Major Sullivan, 80; Mr.\\nHarpue, 90.\\nMrs. Haygood, aged 93, recently died in this county. She was\\nborn on Christmas, married on Christmas, and baptized on Christ-\\nmas. She was 69 years a member of the Baptist Church.\\nAnderson Redding died on the 9th of February, 1843, in the\\n80th year of his age. No sooner had he arrived at the vigour and\\nelasticity of manhood, than. he was enrolled among those of the New-\\nWorld who determined to be free, and contended against the tyranny of\\nBritish oppression. He served under his country s banner with a pa-\\ntriot s zeal and devotion. He was present at the consummation of\\nAmerican liberty, the surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown.\\nThe recollections of that glorious day lingered long in his memory,\\na rehearsal of which often caused him to feel as though the ardour\\nand buoyancy of earlier days were yet fresh upon him, while a big-\\nround tear would fall and moisten the old man s cheek\\nRev. Isaac Smith died in this county in 1834, aged 76 years.\\nHe was a soldier in the Revolution under Washington, and was", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0631.jp2"}, "628": {"fulltext": "564 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\npresent at most of the principal actions which were fought by his dis-\\ntinguished leader, and although his term of service expired before the\\nclose of the war, yet he was present as a volunteer at the capturing\\nof Cornwallis at Yorktown; alter which he retired from military life,\\nand was soon after, under the preaching of the Methodists, awakened\\nand converted, and called of God to preach deliverance to the cap-\\ntives and the opening of the prison doors to those that were bound by\\nthe fetters of sin.\\nMeteoric Stone. On the 8th of May, 1828, a meteoric stone fell\\nnear Forsyth. About four o clock a black cloud appeared south\\nfrom Forsyth, from which two distinct explosions were heard in im-\\nmediate succession, followed by a tremendous rumbling or whizzing\\nnoise, passing through the air, which lasted about four minutes. This\\nuncommon noise was on the same evening accounted for by Mr.\\nSparks and Captain Postian, who were informed by some negroes\\nworking in a field one mile south of Forsyth, that they had seen a\\nlarge stone descending through the air, weighing, as it was after-\\nwards ascertained, thirty-six pounds. This stone was in the course\\nof the evening, or very early the next morning, recovered from the\\nspot where it fell. It had penetrated the earth two feet and a half.\\nThe outside wore the appearance as if it had been in a furnace. It\\nwas covered about the thickness of a common knife-blade with a\\nblack substance, somewhat like lava that had been melted. On\\nbreaking the stone, it had a strong sulphureous smell, and exhibited a\\nmetallic substance resembling silver. A fine specimen of this aerolite\\nmay be seen in the cabinet of Franklin University.\\nThe first Superior Court in Monroe County was held on the 3d\\nday of June, 1822, at the house of H. H. Lumpkin, Esq., nine miles\\nnorthwest of Forsyth, by the Hon. C. B. Strong and A. G. Saffold,\\nEsq., Judge and Solicitor-General of the Ocmulgee Circuit.\\ngrand jurors.\\nGeorge Cabaniss, David Dumas,\\nIsaac Welch, Koland Parham,\\nAbner Lockett, William Saunders,\\n-James D. Lester, John Hamil,\\nHugh W. Ector, James Slattings,\\nLemuel Gresham, Joseph Youngblood,\\nHenry Wimberly, William D. Wright,\\nJohn C. Willis, William Bell,\\nThomas Wynn, Jesse Evans.\\nWood Moreland,", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0632.jp2"}, "629": {"fulltext": "MORGAN COUNTY. 565\\nMONTGOMERY COUNTY.\\nLaid out from Washington in 1793 part set off to Tattnall, 1801\\npart added to Laurens, 1811; parts taken from Telfair and Tattnall,\\n1811; part set off to Emanuel, 1812 part taken from Tattnall, 1814\\nparts from Telfair, 1820 and 1833. Named after General Richard\\nMontgomery, an early martyr to the cause of American liberty.\\nLength, 26 m. breadth, 24 m. area square miles, 624.\\nThe Little Ocmulgee, or Auchee Hachee, and the Oconee, are the\\nchief streams.\\nThe creeks are Lott s, Limestone, Flat, Cypress, Red Bluff, Alli-\\ngator, Tiger, Little, Okewalkee, Pendleton, and Swift.\\nMount Vernon is the county site, one mile from the Oconee River.\\nIt is 87 miles from Milledgeville 40 from Jacksonville 40 from\\nReidsville 38 from Swainsborough 33 from Dublin 100 from Sa-\\nvannah, and 110 from Augusta.\\nColquitt and Boxville are small places.\\nThe face of the country is level, the soil sandy, and in some places\\nfertile. The productions are cotton, sugar-cane, corn, wheat, oats,\\nc. Between 500 and 600 bales of cotton are annually produced.\\nLand sells at from 25 cts. to $3 per acre.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 236; families, 236\\nwhite males, 819 white females, 722. Total free population, 1,541\\nslaves, 613. Deaths, 22. Farms, 168. Value of real estate, $120,693\\nvalue of personal estate, $384,008.\\nAmong the first settlers were, the Connors, Alstons, McMillans,\\nMcCranies, McLeods, McIntyres, Adamses, Walls, c.\\nMORGAN COUNTY.\\nThis section lies within the primary formation, and was laid out\\nfrom Baldwin in 1807. Length, 17 m. breadth, 16 m. area square\\nmiles, 272. It was named after General Daniel Morgan.\\nThe face of the country is undulating. The lands of the best\\nkind are embraced in a section of country commencing a few miles\\nbelow Madison, and extending across the county, from east to west,\\non the waters of Little Oconee and Appalachee rivers, and Indian\\nand Sugar creeks.\\nCotton, corn, wheat, rye, oats, barley, c, are the principal pro-\\nductions. Orchards do not appear to thrive. From 12,000 to 14,000\\nbags of cotton are produced in one vear", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0633.jp2"}, "630": {"fulltext": "566 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nThis was formerly regarded an unhealthy county hut it has very\\nmuch improved within a few years, and the hills of mortality will com-\\npare with those of any section in the same latitude.\\nThe Appalachce and Little rivers are the chief streams. The\\ncreeks are, Indian, Sugar, Sandy, c.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Madison is the county town, situated on a ridge surrounded by a\\nfertile country. It is 43 miles N. N. W. of Milledgeville. It was\\nincorporated and made the county site in 1809.\\nHere is located the Madison Female College, an institution of a\\nrecent date, numbering, according to the last catalogue, 171 pupils.\\nIt is well supplied with philosophical and chemical instruments.\\nBoard, including fuel, washing, and lights, may be had in private\\nfamilies at from $10 to $12 per month. The course of study em-\\nbraces every useful and ornamental branch.\\nThe Georgia Female College is also situated in Madison, numbei-\\ning, according to the last catalogue, 156 pupils. The trustees have\\nauthorized the formation of a Normal class, for the benefit of those\\ngraduates who may desire to receive instruction in the theory and\\npractice of teaching. No charge is made for their tuition. The\\napparatus is of the most recent and approved construction. Board\\nfrom $10 to $12 per month.\\nMadison Steam Mill Company. This mill is located at Madi-\\nson. The Company have a capital of $69,280 number of spindles,\\n2,016; looms, 26; operatives, 75; number of yards of cloth made\\nper day, 1,040; amount of cotton used per day, 1,600 pounds.\\nThis establishment manufactures stripes, tickings, rope, c, and\\nhas in the course of erection machinery to spin wool and make\\nkerseys. Attention is paid to the religious instruction of the opera-\\ntives, and the proprietors speak highly of their conduct.\\nWinship s Cotton Gin Factory is situated ten mlies south of Madi-\\nson machinery moved by water-power capital, $20,000 from fifteen\\nto twenty hands employed.\\nHigh Shoals Factory, on Appalachee River, manufactures domes-\\ntics and yarns.\\nWellington, Rehobothville, and Buck Head are small places.\\nAccording to the census of 1850, there were in the county 621\\ndwelling-houses; 621 families; 1,862 white males; 1,772 white\\nfemales; 11 free coloured males; 5 free coloured females. Total\\nfree population, 3,650; slaves, 7,094; 216 deaths; 336 farms; 31\\nmanufacturing establishments. Value of personal estate, $3,930,583\\nvalue of real estate, $1,648,414.\\nAmong the early settlers were, Henry Carlton, Bedney Frank-\\nlin, William Brown, Jesse and Charles Matthews, Dr. William\\nJohnson, Lancelot Johnson, Adam G. Saffold, Re uben Mann Dr,\\nJohn Wingfield, D. W. Porter, Isham and Jeptha Tanning.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0634.jp2"}, "631": {"fulltext": "MURRAY COUNTY. 567\\nMURRAY COUNTY.\\nLaid out from Cherokee, and organized in 1832. Part set off to\\nWalker, lb33 part added to Cass, 1834. Named after the Hon.\\nThomas \\\\Y. Murray.\\nThe, principal river is the Connasauga.\\nThe lands of this county are generally very fertile, producing all\\nthe comforts of life.\\nSpring Place is the county town, situated a mile and a half E. of\\nConnasauga River, 230 miles N. W. of Milledgeville. The scenery\\naround this village is beautiful, the Cohuttah Mountains being in full\\nview. It was formerly a missionary station for the Cherokees.\\nThe Moravian .Missions were commenced at Spring Place in\\nMay, 1801, by the Rev. Messrs. Abraham Steiner and G. Byhan,\\nalthough the former, in 1799, was sent out by the Society of United\\nBrethren, to ask permission to establish a school among the Chero-\\nkees. He pressed the subject with great zeal in the National\\nCouncil, backed by the officers of government, but was utterly refused.\\nIn 1800 he came out again, renewed his application, and was again\\nrefused but before the close of the Council, two influential chiefs\\nagreed to patronize the school independently of the National Council,\\nand offered a place near the residence of one of them, on land which\\nhe had cleared. The other chiefs did not after this press their op-\\nposition, and shortly after, the mission at Spring Place was commenced.\\nThe Rev. Jacob Wohlfahrt was employed in the mission from\\n1803 to lb05. The Rev. John Gambold and lady joined the\\nmission in October, 1805, and his brother about four years after.\\nThe first converts of the Moravians were a woman and Charles R.\\nHicks. Mr. Gambold cultivated a farm of thirty-five acres.\\nIn 1817, Mr. Kingsbury commenced the first mission of the\\nAmerican Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions among the\\nCherokees. At first, food was purchased in Tennessee, and trans-\\nported some forty or fifty miles to the mission. To obviate this in-\\nconvenience, and to teach the people the arts and habits of civilized\\nlife, a farm was purchased on the Chickamauga Creek. Mr.\\nKingsbury laboured alone, until the arrival of Messrs. Moody Hall\\nand Loring S. Williams. On the 30th of June, they had twenty-six\\nCherokee pupils boarding with them, and Mr. Kingsbury preached by\\nan interpreter to a congregation of more than one hundred. The\\nRev. Mr. Cornelius visited the mission in this year. Under his\\npreaching much good was done. Among the converts was Cathe-\\nrine Brown, the daughter of half-breed parents. The Rev. Mr. Hoyt\\nand Rev. Daniel S. Butrick joined the mission this year.\\nIn 1818, the labours of the missionaries were eminently successful.\\nMany of the Cherokees were baptized and received into the church.\\nIn 1819, the mission was strengthened by the arrival of two\\nmissionaries. In 1820, the labours of the mission went on prosper-", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0635.jp2"}, "632": {"fulltext": "568 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nously, and schools were established at different points. In 1821,\\nthe mission suffered much from the sickness of its members.\\nSubsequently, Messrs. Potter, Butler, Ellsworth, and Parker were\\nadded to it. In 1825, several new stations were commenced.\\nMr. Steiner told the missionaries that the chief on whose land the\\nmission was established, built the first wagon, for which he was se-\\nverely censured by the Council, and forbidden the use of such a\\nvehicle. But he did not regard their mandate. The objection was,\\nIf you have a wagon, there must be wagon roads; and if wagon\\nroads, the whites will be among us.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 2,047 families, 2,047.\\nWhite males, 6,604; white females, 5,888 free coloured males, 3\\nfree coloured females, 8. Total free population, 12,503; slaves, 1,930.\\nDeaths, 67. Farms, 1,034; manufacturing establishments, 25. Value\\nof real estate, $1,660,705; value of personal estate, $1,268,406.\\nCohuttah Springs are 10 miles from Spring Place, on the waters of\\nSumac Creek. The water is said to be strongly impregnated with\\nmedicinal properties, and the place is beginning to attract the notice\\nof the public. Arrangements are being made to accommodate visitors.\\nThere are fine springs in almost every section of the county.\\nOn the Cohuttah Mountains are the remains of an ancient fort, but\\nwhen and for what purpose constructed, we are unable to say.\\nMUSCOGEE COUNTY.\\nLaid out in 1826. Part set off to Harris, Talbot and Marion, in\\n1827. Part taken from Marion and Harris in 1829. Length, 23 m.\\nbreadth, 18m.; area square miles, 414.\\nNo country is more highly favoured with extensive water facilities\\nthan Muscogee County. The principal stream is the Chattahoochee,\\naffording to the inhabitants a steamboat navigation to the Gulf of\\nMexico.\\nThe smaller streams, all of which enter into the Chattahoochee,\\nare Upatoi, West Upatoi, or Randall s, Nocheefaloochee, Bull, Stand-\\ning Boy, and West End creeks.\\nThe nature of the soil is various, from the richest vegetable mould\\nto the poorest sand.\\nColumbus is the seat of justice, situated at the foot of the falls, on\\nthe east bank of the Chattahoochee River, 128 miles W. S. W\\\\ from\\nMilledgeville. It was laid out in 1828, and is the third city in the\\nState. Immediately before the town rugged and large rocks rise over\\nthe whole bed of the river, and convert it into a succession of rapids.\\nThere are several fine public buildings in Columbus, among which\\nare the Court-Ilouse, Odd Fellows Hall, and Methodist Church.\\nReport of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions for 1820.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0636.jp2"}, "633": {"fulltext": "MUSCOGEE COUNTY. 569\\nMany of the private houses are large and beautiful, inclosed by\\ngrounds adorned with shrubbery and trees.\\nThere are generally about sixteen steamboats plying between Co-\\nlumbus and the Apalachicola Bay.\\nThere is a handsome bridge over the river, belonging to the cor-\\nporation, which cost $40,000, and yields an annual income of\\n$10,000. No place in the United States possesses greater advan-\\ntages for manufacturing purposes than Columbus. Captain Basil\\nHall, of England, during his visit to this town, observed that the va-\\nlue of its water power could not be estimated.\\nColumbus has a number of benevolent institutions, among them\\nthe Female Asylum, a description of which has been furnished us\\nby a lady\\nIn the spring of 1840, a few ladies of the Methodist Church in the city of Co-\\nlumbus, in mutual conference projected an Association, educational and benevo-\\nlent in its scope. The design of the Society, as its name and title obviously im-\\nport, was two-fold. The Society was extremely fortunate in the selection of its\\nbeneficiaries, but was greatly embarrassed in the educational branch of its ope-\\nrations, by the constant drain upon its limited resources, and diversion of a large\\nshare of its funds to cases of physical suffering. These demands were so mul-\\ntiplied, and the cases presented so worthy of relief, that the funds of the Society\\nwere mainly appropriated in the way of charitable donations, leaving, after these\\ncontributions, but a scanty pittance for educational purposes. This exigency\\nsuggested a change in the plan of operations, and upon consultation it was de-\\ntermined to petition the Legislature for a charter, incorporating the Society, under\\nthe name and title of The Columbus Female Asylum. The charter was\\npromptly granted, and a neat brick edifice, at the cost of a thousand dollars,\\nwas immediately erected upon a portion of the Commons, generously donated by\\nthe City Council. The building was completed in the spring of 1845, and was\\ndedicated to Christian benevolence the 7th of April, by Dr. L. Pierce and Rev.\\nJ. E. Evans. Thankful and exultant hearts united on that memorable day,\\nwith the ministers of God, in prayer for blessings upon the four little orphans and\\nthe matron, (who nobly gave her services,) the first inmates of the Asylum.\\nThe necessary funds, in the outset of the enterprise, were raised in part by the\\nneedle, and an annual collation prepared by the members. This method of sup-\\nply was so precarious, and the remuneration for work actually done was so in-\\nsufficient, that it was abandoned in 1848, and annual subscriptions substituted,\\nas more certain and reliable.\\nThis Christian enterprise was projected by members of the Methodist Church,\\nand by them supported until the year 184S, when, upon invitation, a limited number\\nfrom the other denominations of the city cheerfully united, and now co-operate\\nin the good work with Christian zeal. The Society has at this period, 1852,\\ntwenty children under its care, and from the success of the past, is devoutly\\nthankful to God, and, in looking to the future, is hopeful and confident.\\nDuring the past year the Society received the very liberal donation of five\\nhundred dollars. With this sum two comfortable rooms (much needed) have\\nbeen added to the building. The donor is unknown.", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0637.jp2"}, "634": {"fulltext": "570\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nStatistics from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 1,884; families,\\n1,981 white males, 5,279 white females, 5,081 free coloured males,\\n29 free coloured females, 33. Total free population, 10,422 slaves,\\n8,156. Deaths, 187. Farms, 581 manufacturing establishments, 30.\\nValue of real estate, $4,339,582 value of personal estate, $4,465,400.\\nThe Cotton Gin Manufactory of E. T. Taylor Co. is situated in\\nColumbus. Capital, $60,000; hands employed, 50, who are gener-\\nally boarded in a large house belonging to the establishment. Num-\\nber of gins manufactured every year, 1,000. Machinery capable of\\nmanufacturing 1,500 per annum. Principal building, 100 by 48 feet,\\nthree stories high, with a wing 30 by 50.\\nThe Columbus Variety Works have two saw-mills, and machinery for\\nmanufacturing tubs, buckets, churns, c. also a planing machine\\ncapable of planing, tonguing, and grooving 7,000 feet of lumber\\nper day. Employs 45 hands. Capital, $35,000.\\nColumbus Factory, three miles from Columbus. Capital, $50,000.\\nCoweta Falls Factory, situated in Columbus. Capital, $80,000.\\nThe Howard Manufacturing Company is located in Columbus.\\nCapital, $85,000.\\npwf 3 a r r, i M I ll 1 1 ,j i\\niiiiiiiiiM 1 mhM\\nllllfllllSIItlMfJ *;?*1 I\\niiiji\\nEAGLE MILLS, COLUMBUS.\\nThe Eagle Mills were erected in 1851. The main building is of\\nbrick, 150 by 50 feet, four stories and a basement. Steam is used for\\nall purposes for which heat is required. The machinery is adapted\\nto the manufacture of all the various styles of cotton and woollen\\nfabrics. Capital, $140,000. Hands employed, 240; consumption of\\ncotton, 1,500 bales per annum consumption of wool, 100,000 pounds\\nper annum spermaceti oil used. 1,000 gallons per annum lard, 500\\nper annum cords of wood, per annum, 200 barrels of flour for\\nsizing, 350 per annum. Average pay of females, $10 per month;\\naverage pay of males, $20 per month.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0638.jp2"}, "635": {"fulltext": "MUSCOGEE COUNTY.\\n571\\nWinter s Merchant Mill is eight stories high, and cost $30,000.\\nThe Rock Island Paper Mill is situated on the Chattahoochee\\nRiver, 2j miles above Columbus; partly in Georgia, and partly in\\nAlabama. Capital, $50,000. The machinery is prepare*! for making\\nall kinds of writing, printing, and wrapping paper; capable of manu-\\nfacturing 2,500 pounds of paper per day; consuming 3,000 pounds of\\nraffs daily.\\n==sm=- ^ar\u00c2\u00ab*.sss\\nIf-\\nJ.\\n*\u00c2\u00abs*\u00c2\u00a3y^Jii2gg\\nTHE LOVER S LEAP.\\nThe following description of the Lover s Leap is extracted from\\nRichards Georgia Illustrated.\\nThis romantic locale is a high and ragged cliff, which terminates an ascending\\nknoll of dark rocks, and projects boldly into the Chattahoochee River.- Its summit\\ncommands one of the most magnificent displays of river scenery which Nature\\ncould present, or which Art could picture. On the left the river pursues its down-\\nward course to Columbus, in a straight line. Its flow is rapid and wild, broken\\nby rocks, over which the water frets and foams in angry surges. The bed of the\\nstream is that of a deep ravine, its walls lofty and irregular cliffs, covered to their\\nverge with majestic forest growth. From this point the city of Columbus is but\\npartially visible. At the Leap, the river makes a sudden turn, and forms an\\nangle with its course below, flowing in a narrow channel so regularly lined with\\nrocks on both sides, and of such uniform width, as to resemble a canal. A. short\\ndistance above it makes another right angle, and resumes its old course.\\nLegend of the Lover s Leap.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 In the early part of the present century, this\\nregion was inhabited by two powerful tribes of Indians. Rivals were they, and,\\nwith numbers equal, and alike proud names, well they vied with each other.\\nThere was no tribe, amonsr all the powerful nation of the Creeks, who boasted of", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0639.jp2"}, "636": {"fulltext": "572 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\ntheir prowess before a Cusseta or a Coweta. Yet they were not friends; for who\\nof those proud red men would bend before the acknowledged superiority of\\nthe other It may have been a small matter from which their jealousy sprung,\\nbut the tiny thing had been cherished, till a serpent-like hatred hissed at the\\nsound of the other s name.\\nThe proud Chief of the Cussetas was now become an old man. and much was\\nhe venerated by all who rallied at his battle-cry. The boldest heart in all his\\ntribe quailed before his angry eye, and the proudest did him reverence. The old\\nman had outlived his own sons. One by one had the Great Spirit called them\\nfrom their hunting-grounds, and in the flush of their manhood they had gone to\\nthe spirit-land. Yet he was not alone. The youngest of his children, the dark-\\neyed Mohina, was still sheltered in his bosom, and all his love for the beautiful\\nin life was bestowed upon her: ah, and rightly too, for the young maiden ri-\\nvalled in grace the bounding fawn, and the young warriors said of her that the\\nsmile of the Great Spirit was not so beautiful. While yet a child, she was be-\\ntrothed to the Young Eagle of the Cowetas, the proud scion of their warrior\\nChief. But stern hatred had stifled kindly feelings in the hearts of all save these\\ntwo young creatures, and the pledged word was broken when the smoke of the\\ncalumet was extinguished. Mohina no longer dared to meet the young Chief\\nopenly, and death faced them when they sat in a lone, wild trysting-place, neath\\nthe starry blazonry of midnight s dark robe. Still they were undaunted, for pure\\nlove dwelt in their hearts, and base fear crouched low before it, and went afar\\nfrom them to hide in grosser souls. Think not the boy-god changes his arrows\\nwhen he seeks the heart of the red man. Nay, rather with truer aim and finer\\npoint does the winged thing speed from his bow, and deeply the subtle poison\\nsinks in the young heart, while the dark cheek glows with love s proper hue.\\nThe deer bounded gladly by when the lovers met, and felt he was free, while\\nthe bright-eyed maiden leaned upon the bosom of the Young Eagle. Their\\nyouthful hearts hoped in the future, though all in vain, for Time served but to\\nrender more fierce that hostile rivalry, more rank than deadly hatred, which ex-\\nisted between the tribes. Skirmishes were frequent amid their hunters, and open\\nhostilities seemed inevitable.\\nAnd now it was told by some who had peered through the tangled underwood\\nand matted foliage of those dim woods, that the Coweta had pressed the maiden\\nto his heart in those lone places, and that strange words and passionate were even\\nnow breathed by him to her ear. Then the hunters of the Cussetas sprang from\\ntheir couches, and made earnest haste to the dark glen. With savage yell and\\nimpetuous rush they bounded before the lovers. They fled, and love and terror\\nadded wings to their flight. For a while they distanced their pursuers. But the\\nstrength of Mohina failed her in a perilous moment, and had not the Young Eagle\\nsnatched her to his fast-beating heart, the raging enemy had made sure their\\nfate. He rushed onward up the narrow defile before him. It led he forgot\\nwhither. In a few moments he stood on the verge of this fearful height. Wildly\\nthe maiden clung to him, and even then, in that strange moment of life, his\\nheart throbbed proudly beneath his burden. The bold future alone was before\\nhim; there was no return. Already the breath of one of the pursuers, a hated\\nrival, came quick upon his cheek, and the bright-gleaming tomahawk shone", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0640.jp2"}, "637": {"fulltext": "MUSCOGEE COUNTY. 573\\nbefore him. One moment he gazed on him, and triumph flashed in the eye of\\nthe young Chief, and then without a shudder he sprang into the seething waters\\nbelow. Still the young maiden clung to him, nor yet did the death-struggle part\\nthem. The mad waves dashed fearfully over them, and their loud wail was a\\nfitting requiem to their departing spirits. The horror-stricken Warriors gazed\\nwildly into the foaming torrent, then dashed with reckless haste down the de-\\nclivity, to bear the sad tidings to the old Chief. He heard their tale in silence.\\nBut sorrow was on his spirit, and it was broken. Henceforth his seat was un-\\nfilled by the council-fire, and its red light gleamed fitfully upon his grave.\\nThe name of Muscogee is given to this division of the State to per-\\npetuate the name of a tribe of the Creek Nation.\\nLe Clerc Milfort, a highly educated French gentleman, came to\\nAmerica in 1775, and after making a tour through the New-England\\nStates, he visited the Creek Nation. At Coweta, two miles below\\nColumbus, he formed the acquaintance of Colonel McGillivray, the\\ngreat Chief of the Creeks. Pleased with the Colonel, he deter-\\nmined to take up his residence in the nation. In a short time he\\nmarried McGillivray s sister, was elected Grand Chief of War,\\nand in this capacity conducted many expeditions against Georgia.\\nMuch of his time was devoted to the writing of a history of the\\nCreeks, which he afterwards published in France. Mr. Pickett, in\\nhis History of Alabama, has extracted from this work the following\\nparticulars in relation to the Muscogees\\nHernando Cortez, with some Spanish troops, landed at Vera Cruz in 1519. He\\nfought his way thence to the city of Mexico. At that time the Muscogees then\\nformed a separate republic on the northwest of Mexico. Hitherto invincible in\\nwar, they now rallied to the aid of Montezuma, engaging in the defence of that\\ngreatest of aboriginal cities. At length Cortez was successful. Montezuma was\\nkilled, his government overthrown, and thousands of his subjects put to the sword.\\nHaving lost many of their own waniors, the Muscogees determined to seek some\\nother land. The whole tribe directed their course eastward until they came to\\nthe banks of the lied River, where they laid out a town, and remained there\\nseveral years. In 1527 they abandoned their town, and after various battles with\\nthe Alabamas, settled upon the banks of the Wabash. How long they remained\\nhere is not known, but they finally crossed the Ohio and Tennessee, and settled\\nupon the Yazoo. Learning what a fine country was occupied by the Alabamas,\\nthey broke up their establishments upon the Yazoo, took possession of the lands\\nupon the Alabama, Coosa, and Tallapoosa, and advanced to the Ocmulgee,\\nOconee, and Ogeechee. Pushing on their conquests, they reduced a warlike\\ntribe called the Uchees, upon the Savannah River. Some time after these con-\\nquests, the French established themselves at. Mobile, by whose instrumentality\\na peace was made between the Alabamas and Muscogees. The Alabamas and\\nTookabatchas became members of the Muscogee confederacy, and in the course\\nof time many other tribes joined them. When the English began to explore\\ntheir country, and to transport goods in all parts of it, they gave all the inhabit-", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0641.jp2"}, "638": {"fulltext": "574\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nants collectively the name of the Creeks, on account of the many beautiful rivers\\nand streams which flowed through their extensive dominion. This union gave\\nthem much influence. In 1786 the whole number amounted to 17,280, of whom\\n5.860 were fighting men.\\nNEWTON COUNTY.\\nLaid out from Jasper, Walton, and Henry, in 1821 part added to\\nJasper, 1822; part to De Kalb, 1826, and a part to Jasper, 1834.\\nNamed after Sergeant John Newton, of Revolutionary celebrity.\\nLength, 22 m. breadth, 15 m. area square miles, 330.\\nThe rivers are. Yellow, Ulcofauhachee, and South.\\nCovington is the county site, 67 miles from Milledgeville.\\nSOUTHERN MASONIC FEMALE COLLEGE.\\nThe Southern Masonic Female College is located in Covington.\\nThis institution was adopted by the Grand Lodge of the State of\\nGeorgia at its last annual communication. The College edifice is a\\nchaste, beautiful, and durable brick building, flanked in front by two\\nelevated quadrangular towers, with an open portico or verandah\\nbetween, and situated in a retired grove. It is well supplied with\\nphilosophical and chemical apparatus. Confidence is felt that this\\nCollege will command the patronage of the public.\\nOxford is three miles from Covington, and is the seat of Emory\\nCollege. Its first President was the Rev. Ignatius A. Few, LL. D.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0642.jp2"}, "639": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0643.jp2"}, "640": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0644.jp2"}, "641": {"fulltext": "NEWTON COUNTY. 575\\nThis gentleman resigned the presidency on account of ill health, and\\nwas succeeded by the Rev. Augustus B. Longstreet, LL. D., who\\ncontinued to preside over the College until July, 1848, a period of\\nmore than ten years. The Rev. George F. Pierce, D. D., is now the\\nPresident.\\nSandtown is twelve miles from Covington.\\nOak Hill is ten miles from Covington.\\nExtract from tlie Census of 1850. Dwellings, 1,374; families,\\n1,374; white males, 4,099 white females, 3,980; free coloured males,\\n17; free coloured females, 13\u00c2\u00bb Total free population, 8,109 slaves,\\n5,187. Deaths, 95. Farms, 812; manufacturing establishments,\\n23. Value of real estate, $2,163,078; value of personal estate,\\n$3,645,938.\\nThe climate is healthy. A few years ago Mr. Richmond Terrell\\nwas living, aged 89; Mr. Weathers died over 90; Mrs. Bowery,\\n94; Mrs. Shell, 90; Mrs. Bass, 90; Thomas McClean, over 100;\\nMr. Tretwell, 100.\\n^Cedar Shoals Factory is on Yellow River, three miles from Coving-\\nton. Capital invested, $10,000.\\nNewton Factory manufactures cotton goods.\\nRev. James Osgood Andrew, Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal\\nChurch, South. This gentleman resides in this county. We are\\nsure that his numerous friends in Georgia, as well as in oilier sec-\\ntions of our country, will be pleased to learn some particulars of\\nhis history, and we feel glad that it is in our power to gratify\\nthem. We wish we had space sufficient to allow an extended history\\nof this eminently good man, who for more than thirty years has be n\\nengaged in preaching the Gospel. Our limits will only permit us to\\ngive a brief sketch of his life. We have known him a longtime, and\\ncould say much.\\nMr. Andrew was born near the town of Washington, Wilkes\\nCounty, in this State, on the 3d of May, 1794. His father was a\\nnative of Liberty County, and was a member of the Med way\\nChurch, of which the Rev. Mr. Osgood was then pastor. As a\\nmark of the high regard he entertained for this reverend gentleman,\\nhe named his son after him. In common with many of his fellow-\\ncitizens, he took up arms in defence of his country, and was in\\nseveral engagements under Sumter and Screven. Having lost the\\ngreater part of his property in the Revolutionary struggle, he re-\\nmoved to that portion of the State now called Columbia County,\\nand shortly afterwards became a member of the Methodist Episco-\\npal Church, and subsequently a minister, be,ing, probably, the first\\nnative Georgian who entered the itinerant ministry of that church.\\nThe mother of Mr. Andrew was one among the first converts to\\nMethodism in Georgia. All the recollections of his childhood are\\nassociated with his father s farm in Elbert County, not far from", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0647.jp2"}, "642": {"fulltext": "576 historical Collections of Georgia.\\nWebb s Ferry, to which place he had removed. The country was\\nthen almost a wilderness, affording the young very few means of\\nobtaining an education. He went to a common school, kept by a\\nMr. C who made it a practice to give his pupil one or two\\nwhippings every day, not for improper conduct, but because he\\ndid not hold his pen to please him, or write such a hand as suited him.\\nFrom his father, who was an excellent English teacher, he derived\\nmany advantages but being the mill-boy of the family, and the\\nmain dependence for doing jobs at home, his attendance upon his\\nfather s school was very irregular, but still a fondness for reading was\\nawakened in his bosom. We cannot state precisely when his\\nthoughts were first directed to religious subjects, but he was licensed\\nas a preacher in 1812; and at the session of the South Carolina Con-\\nference, held at Charleston in the winter of this year, was received\\ninto the itinerancy, being then only nineteen years of age. From the\\ntime he first entered the ministry, he has been actively engaged in\\ndischarging the onerous duties peculiar to a minister of the Methodist\\nChurch. The denomination of which he is so bright an ornament can-\\nnot point to one who has served it with more fidelity, or laboured\\nmore successfully. Thousands in South Carolina and Georgia retain\\na grateful recollection of his valuable services. At the General Con-\\nference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, held at Philadelphia in\\n1832, he was elected and ordained Bishop. In 1844, the General\\nConference, held at New- York, regarded it as a very grave offence\\nthat Bishop Andrew had become the owner of a few slaves, and\\npassed resolutions deposing him from his office, unless he would\\nabandon his connection with what they were pleased to call the\\ngreat evil. 1\\nThe facts were these: Many years since, an old lady of Augusta,\\nGeorgia, had bequeathed to the Bishop a mulatto girl in trust,\\nthat he should take care of her until she should be nineteen years of\\nage that provided she was willing, she should then be sent to Libe-\\nria, and that otherwise he should keep her, and make her as free as\\nthe laws of Georgia would permit. When the time arrived, the girl\\nrefused to go to Liberia, and of her own choice remained legally his\\nslave, although he derived no pecuniary benefit from her. She con-\\ntinued to live in her own house, and was at liberty to go to a free\\nState whenever she thought proper. The. mother of Bishop Andrew s\\nfirst wife left to her a negro boy, and she dying without a will,\\nhe became, by the laws of Georgia, the Bishop s property. In Ja-\\nnuary, 1844, Mr. Andrew married a lady possessed of slaves, but\\nsecured them to her by a deed of trust.\\nThis case occupied the attention of the General Conference for\\nseveral days, but finally was settled by the adoption of the following\\npreamble and resolution\\nWhereas, The discipline of our Church forbids the doing anything calcula\\nto destroy our itinerant general superintendency and whereas Bishop And\\nhas become connected with slavery, by marriage and otherwise and this", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0648.jp2"}, "643": {"fulltext": "NEWTON COUNTY. 577\\nhaving drawn after it circumstances which, in the estimation of the General\\nConference, will greatly embarrass the exercise of his office, as an itinerant ge-\\nneral superintendent, if not in some places entirely prevent it: therefore,\\nResolved, That it is the sense of this General Conference that he desist from\\nthe exercise of his office, so long as this impediment remains.\\nFor this resolution 110 members voted against it, 68. A few days\\nafter, the Rev. A. B. Longstreet, in behalf of the delegations from\\nthe Southern and Southwestern Conferences, presented the following\\ndeclaration to the General Conference\\nThe delegates of the Conferences in the slaveholding States take leave to\\ndeclare to the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, that the\\ncontinued agitation of the subject of slavery and abolition in a portion of the\\nChurch, the frequent action on that subject in the General Conference, and es-\\npecially the extra-judicial proceedings against Bishop Andrew, which resulted on\\nSaturday last in the virtual suspension of him from his office as Superintendent,\\nmust produce a state of things in the South which renders a continuance of the\\njurisdiction of this Conference over these Conferences inconsistent with the suc-\\ncess of the ministry in the slaveholding States.\\nA protest, also, of the minority of the General Conference, against\\nthe action of that body in the case of Bishop Andrew, was read.\\nThe substance of it was this that the General Conference had no\\npower to suspend or depose a Bishop without the presentation of\\ncharges that the act of the General Conference was an attempt to\\nplace in jeopardy the general superintendency of the Church, by\\nsubjecting any Bishop to the will and caprice of a majority of the\\nGeneral Conference, not only without law, but in defiance of the re-\\nstraints and provisions of the law that to request Bishop Andrew\\nto resign is, in the judgment of the minority, to punish and degrade\\nhim, and they maintain that the whole movement was without autho-\\nrity of law, and is null and void, and therefore not binding upon\\nBishop Andrew, or the minority protesting against it. To this pro-\\ntest there was a reply.\\nIn view of the existing state of things, it w r as finally agreed\\nupon by the General Conference that there should be a dis-\\ntinct ecclesiastical connection, composed of the Conferences of the\\nslaveholding States. The meeting of the delegates from the\\nslaveholding States was held in the city of New-York on the day af-\\nter the adjournment of the General Conference, which, among other\\nthings, recommended a convention of delegates from the several An-\\nnual Conferences to be held at Louisville, Kentucky, on the 1st of\\nMay, 1845, and also published an address to the ministers and mem-\\nbers of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the slaveholding States\\nand Territories. The Kentucky, the Missouri, the Holston, the Mem-\\nphis, the Mississippi, the Arkansas, c, some fifteen or sixteen South-\\nern Conferences, passed resolutions, condemning the action of the Ge-\\nneral Conference in reference to Bishop Andrew, and recommending\\nthe formation of a Southern organization of the Church.\\n37", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0649.jp2"}, "644": {"fulltext": "578 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA\\nThe Convention met at Louisville, upon the day designated, when\\nit was resolved that a distinct church be formed, to be known by the\\nstyle and title of The Methodist Episcopal Church, South. At this\\nmeeting it was also resolved that Bishops Soule and Andrew be cor-\\ndially requested to become regular and constitutional Bishops of the\\nMethodist Episcopal Church, South, which invitation both of the\\nreverend gentlemen accepted.\\nA full knowledge of the causes which led to a Southern organiza-\\ntion of the Methodist Church, South may be obtained by referring\\nto a pamphlet published in 1851, entitled The Methodist Church\\nProperty Case. In writing a sketch of Bishop Andrew, we felt it\\nto be a duty to allude to these subjects, because we believed that it\\nwas the action of the General Conference in relation to him which\\nmainly contributed to a division in the. Methodist Church.\\n3$ is nil rnu n us.\\nThe first Court for this county was held April 15, 1822.\\nfirst grand jurors.\\nSolomon Graves, Wm. Fannin,\\nL. Dunn, F. H. Trammell,\\nW. Whatley, Junius Bloodworth,\\nC. A. Carter, II. Lane,\\nR. Q. Lane, David Hodge,\\nH. Jones, Robert Leake,\\nJames Johnson, John Stephens,\\nWm. Jackson, G. B. Turner,\\nThos. Jones, Geo. Cunningham,\\nJohn Storks, John F. Piper,\\nS. D. Echols, James Hodge, Sen.\\nAbout 1810, the father of Bishop Andrew died, leaving his wife and several chil-\\ndren, without property, and dependent upon the exertions of his widow for their sup-\\nport. One of his sons, Herbert Andrewf had this dependence increased, by an at-\\ntack of disease, which made him a deformed cripple for life. His feet and legs were\\nso contracted, as to rest upon his body, instead of the ground. When other children\\nwould have been running about, he was confined to his mother s side. Whilst\\nthus seated, receiving her instruction how to read, he heard from that fond, de-\\nvoted, pious mother, how the best and holiest of all had suffered meekly, and\\nwithout resistance, ignominy and death, because it was the will of his Heavenly\\nFather until there came upon the spirit of the deformed boy the desire to imi-\\ntate that example so strong, that its control was beyond all human strength.\\nThis noble youth struggled to do whatever was possible in aid of his mother,\\nin her hard labour to support her family, and effected more than most imagined\\npossible. When he had learned what his mother could teach him, he went to\\nschool, moving upon his hands instead of his feet, not being able to walk up-\\nlight. By his mother s assistance, some little schooling, and his own untiring\\nDied last year.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0650.jp2"}, "645": {"fulltext": "OGLETHORPE COUNTY. 579\\nexertions, he qualified himself for teaching others. He has now been teaching\\nnearly twenty years. His energy and ceaseless industry have secured him the\\ngreatest success. Whilst keeping school, he has acquired, by his own unassisted\\nexertions, such knowledge of the various departments of learning, that his\\nscholars are now admirably qualified for entrance into college.\\nHis pure life, the strength of his determination in overcoming difficulties, and\\nthe energy of his efforts in doing good, made such an impression upon the people\\nof Newton County, among whom he lived, that they resolved to give him some\\nassistance. They elected him tax-collector. He performed the duties of the\\noffice with unsurpassed faithfulness.*\\nOGLETHORPE COUNTY.\\nLaid out in 1793. Part taken from Greene, 1794. Parts of Ogle-\\nthorpe added to Greene, and parts of Greene added to Oglethorpe,\\n1799. Part set off to Madison, 1811 a portion taken from Clarke,\\n1813; a part set off to Taliaferro, 1825; a part added to Madison,\\n1831. Named after General Oglethorpe, the founder of Georgia.\\nLength, 28 m. breadth, 16m.; area square miles, 448.\\nThe face of the country is hilly the western part is red land, the\\ncentral gray, and the eastern partakes of several varieties. The lands\\nupon Goose Pond have long been noted for their fertility.\\nBroad River separates the county from Elbert, and the Oconee\\nforms part of its western boundary.\\nLexington is the county town, 64 miles N. N. E. of Milledffeville,\\ndistinguished alike for the hospitality and intelligence of its inhabit-\\nants.\\nBowling Green, Bairdstown and Woodstock, are pleasant villages.\\nThe climate is mild. We insert a few instances of longevity.\\nMr. Clifford Woodruff died over 104 years of age; Mrs. Tay-\\nlor over 80; Charles Strong, 84; Mrs. Strong, 80; General\\nStewart, 70, a soldier of the Revolution; Charles Carter, 8S;\\nJacob Eberhart, 83; Samuel Ward, 85.\\nEducation has always been appreciated by the citizens of this\\ncounty.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Dwellings, 819 families, 820\\nwhite males, 2,228; white females, 2,154; free coloured males, 2;\\n1 free coloured female. Total free population, 4,385 slaves, 7,874.\\nDeaths, 175. Farms, 555 manufacturing establishments, 13. Value\\nof real estate, $2,163,078 value of personal estate, $4,235,515.\\nExtract from Governor Gilmer s Address before the Alumni of the State University.", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0651.jp2"}, "646": {"fulltext": "580 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nOglethorpe boasts of having furnished a number of distinguished\\nmen, the history of many of whom is given in this work.\\nHon. Stephen Upson, an eminent lawyer, long resided in this county.\\nAt the time of his death, in 1824, he was esteemed one of the first\\nmen in Georgia.\\nThe Hon. William Harris Crawford resided in this county. His\\nhistory shows how much may be done by study, industry, and honesty.\\nHe was born in Amherst County, Virginia, on the 24th of February, 1772.\\nMr. Crawford s family were from Scotland. His father came from\\nVirginia in 1779, and settled in Edgefield District, South Carolina;\\nand in 1783 he removed to Columbia County, Georgia, where he died\\nfive years afterwards. W. H. Crawford was a lad during the Revo-\\nlution, and was raised with the hardihood of those scuffling times.\\nAfter the death of his father, Mr. Crawford, in order to aid in the\\nsupport of his mother s family, devoted himself to the business of in-\\nstruction, for several years, until Dr. Moses Waddel opened a classi-\\ncal school in Columbia County when, feeling the importance of a\\nknowledge of the languages, he resolved to avail himself of this ex-\\ncellent opportunity of obtaining an acquaintance with the classics,\\nand accordingly became a student in Dr. Waddel s academy, where\\nhis progress was so great, that he was soon employed as an assistant.\\nAfter remaining in this academy two years, he came to Augusta, and\\nformed a connection with Charles, afterwards Judge Tait, in the ma-\\nnagement of the Richmond Academy. In 1799 he removed to Lex-\\nington, and commenced the practice of law and it was not long\\nbefore his talents and great attention to business placed him at the\\nhead of his profession.\\nAt the period when Mr. Crawford first commenced practice,\\nthe upper counties of Georgia were monopolized by a clique en-\\ngaged in legislative speculations. Efforts were made to secure his\\nco-operation in these iniquitous proceedings, but with no success.\\nFor four years he represented Oglethorpe County in the Legislature\\nof Georgia. In 1806, he was elected to the United States Senate,\\nand in 1811 re-elected without opposition. In this body he occupied\\na pre-eminent station; and upon many important and exciting ques-\\ntions, evinced a judgment unsurpassed by that of any member of the\\nSenate. In 1813, President Madison offered him the appointment of\\nSecretary of War, which he declined. He was then sent Minister to\\nParis, where he remained two years, during which time he not only\\nshowed himself to be a fearless advocate of his country s rights, but\\ngained the favour of Parisian society by his open manners and in-\\nstructive conversation. When he returned to the United States he\\nwas appointed to the War Department, but in which he served only\\nfor a brief period. In October following, he was appointed Secretary\\nof the Treasury, and continued to discharge the duties of this import-\\nant office until 1825, with an ability which men of all parties acknow-\\nledged. In 1825 he received a flattering vote for the office of Presi-\\ndent of the United States. In 1827, upon the death of Judge Dooly,", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0652.jp2"}, "647": {"fulltext": "OGLETHORPE COUNTY. 581\\nMr. Crawford was appointed judge of the Northern Circuit, which\\noffice he held until his death, which occurred in Elbert County, Sep-\\ntember 15, 1834, aged sixty-two years. His remains lie at Wood-\\nlawn, his seat in Oglethorpe County.\\nfflisniUnf no.\\nfirst grand jury.\\nJohn Lumpkin. Robert McCord.\\nJohn Marks. Jael Hurt.\\nAndrew Bell. Jesse Clay.\\nCharles Hay. John Collier.\\nRlCnARD GoLDSBY. ISAAC COLLIER.\\nJohn Garrett. John Shields.\\nRobert Beavers. Presley Thornton.\\nJeffrey Early. Humphrey Edmonson.\\nWilliam Patts. Jas. Northington.\\nThe annals of this county afford some interesting incidents. From\\nan address delivered by the Hon. George R. Gilmer, at Athens, we\\nmake the following extracts\\nMiles Jinnings was a leather stocking old man, who lived, when the Yazoo\\nAct passed, in the county of Oglethorpe, at the place now known as the Crab-\\ntree. He had been, before he moved to Georgia, an Indian-fighter on the fron-\\ntiers of Virginia and North Carolina. He retained during life the gun with\\nwhich he fought at the great battle of the Point, where the Indians of the West,\\nunder Logan, did not yield the victory until after they had fought the whites\\nhand to hand, from sunrise until dark.\\nOn the morning of the day of the first general meeting of the people of Ogle-\\nthorpe, after the passage of the Yazoo Act, a neighbour, who lived on the other\\nside of the Crab-tree, stopped at the gate, whilst Miles Jinnings made ready to\\naccompany him. Jinnings put a rope in his pocket before he left home. He\\nwas a silent man, and said nothing about his purpose. Upon being asked by\\nhis neighbour what he intended doing with the rope, he replied, Hang Mus-\\ngrove. When they arrived at the Court-house from their distant part of the\\ncounty, all the people had assembled. Miles Jinnings hitched his horse, went\\ninto the crowd, pulled from his pocket the rope, and holding it up at arm s\\nlength, cried out, Neighbours, this rope is to hang Musgrove, who sold the peo-\\nple s land for a bribe. The lashing of the surge upon the shore, when the ocean\\nis driven by the most furious storm, was not louder than the noise of the people,\\nexcited into tumult by Jinnings s words, and the sight of the elevated rope.\\nNo human power could have saved Musgrove from hanging, if Jinnings s neigh-\\nbour had not given him notice to make his escape.\\nThere was no school in the Goose-Pond neighbourhood, on Broad River, from\\nits first settlement in 1784 until 1796. The first teacher was a deserter from the", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0653.jp2"}, "648": {"fulltext": "582 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nBritish navy, whose only qualification was, that, he could write. He whipped\\naccording to navy practice. On cold mornings, when fire could not be conve-\\nniently had, he made the children join hands and run round and round, whilst he\\nhastened their speed by the free application of the switch. He was knowing in\\nall sorts of rascality. Observing the son of a very poor man eating mutton for\\nhis twelve o clock meal, he inquired of him where his mutton came from. The\\nlittle boy answered, that daddy had caught a stray sheep in the brier-patch.\\nHe forced the locks of several of his employers, in search of money, was detected,\\nand punished at the public whipping-post.\\nPAULDING COUNTY.\\nThis county has Cass on the N., Campbell on the S., Cobb on the\\nE., and Polk on the W. It was laid out from Cherokee, and or-\\nganized in 1832. Named after John Paulding, one of the captors of\\nAndre.\\nThe Tallapoosa has its source in this county. The creeks are\\nSweet Water, Pumpkin Vine, c.\\nThere are some fine bodies of land in the county.\\nAt a place called Burnt Hickory, considerable quantities of gold\\nhave been found.\\nDallas is the county town. This is a place of recent date. It\\nhas a handsome court-house, several stores, c. Near the public\\nsquare is an excellent freestone spring.\\nVanwert was formerly the county site.\\nAmong the first settlers were, Whitmael A. Adair, William\\nAdair, Mitchell S. Adair, Thomas Reynolds, George Lawrence,\\nGarnett Gray, Mr. Forsyth, Lewis M. Matthews.\\nThe climate is salubrious. It is not in our power to name any re-\\nmarkable instances of longevity.\\nThe Hon. John Jones has long been a resident of this county.\\nWhatever may be the character of party differences, we believe it\\nmay be affirmed, without the fear of contradiction, that Mr. Jones is\\na warm-hearted Georgian, an able lawyer, and an honest man.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0654.jp2"}, "649": {"fulltext": "PIKE COUNTY. 583\\nPIKE COUNTY.\\nLaid out in 1822, and received its name in honour of General\\nZebulon M. Pike. It lies within the granite formation.\\nThe Flint River is the principal stream. The creeks are Big Po-\\ntato, Elkins, Birch, c.\\nThere are some rich lands on the Flint River. The productions\\nare cotton, corn, c.\\nZebulon is the county town, distant from Milledgeville 77 miles\\nW., 27 from Fayetteville, 10 from Flint River, 17 from Thomaston,\\n25 from Forsyth, 50 from Macon, and 12 from Griffin. The court-\\nhouse is built of brick, and cost $8,000. The jail is a plain build-\\ning, constructed of wood. A considerable amount of business is done\\nat this place. The seat of justice was formerly Newnan, but in 1825\\nit was removed to Zebulon.\\nBarnes ville, situated on the Macon and Western Railroad, is a\\nthriving village. More business is transacted in Barnesville than one\\nwould suppose, and the population will not suffer by a comparison\\nwith any in Georgia.\\nMilner, on the railroad, is 12 miles below Griffin.\\nLiberty Hill is 13 miles S. E. of Griffin.\\nThe Pine Mountains are in the southern part of the county.\\nThe climate is mild and healthy. The instances of longevity are\\nnumerous. Mr. Adam Cooper was living a few years ago, aged\\nnearly 100 a very remarkable old man, having had his coffin made\\nfor eight years previous to the time the compiler saw him, as well as\\nhis shroud, both of which he was in the habit of keeping under his\\nbed. Mrs. Crawford, 105 years old. Mr. Harper died at 90.\\nMrs. Lushin, 90. Mr. Wm. Nelson died a few years ago, at the\\nage of 100; and there is a church in the county called Century\\nNelson, in memory of the fact that he had numbered 100 years.\\nExtract from the Census o/ 1850. White males, 4,477; white fe-\\nmales, 4,209; free coloured males, 28; free coloured females, 33.\\nTotal free population, 8,747; slaves, 5,558. Deaths, 150. Farms,\\n807; manufacturing establishments, 21. Value of real estate,\\n$1,921,987; value of personal estate, $3,128,778.*\\nEarly Settlers. John Marshall, Isaac Cooper, Benjamin\\nJordin, Jacob Gilder, S. Stephens, Thos. Mathews, Elbert\\nPhillips, Binford Groce, Joseph Weaver, William Mobbley,\\nEphraim Mabry, William Amos, Eli Walker, William Taylor,\\nJohn Farley, Jabez Gilbert, James Johnson, Richard Myrack,\\nJohn Moore, General Daniell, James Neal, J. B. Read, J B. Wil-\\nSince the last census a portion of Pike has been added to Spalding. The above\\nstatistics must therefore be considered as embracing both counties.", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0655.jp2"}, "650": {"fulltext": "584 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA\\nliamson, H. G. Johnson, W. E. Mangum, Gideon Barnes, Willis\\nJ. Milner, Wm. Ellis, B. Orr, John Neal.\\nRev. John Milner, Jun., was a useful minister, who died in this\\ncounty. The following notice of him is condensed from a sketch in\\nthe Georgia Baptist. He was born in 1775. His education was\\nlimited to the ordinary branches of English. In 1812, he was bap-\\ntized by the Rev. Jesse Mercer, and ordained in 1825. His preach-\\ning was well received wherever he went. On one of his preaching\\ntours, he fell in with a gentleman, (as he believed, providentially,)\\nfrom whom he purchased the tract of land upon which Barnesville\\nnow stands. His oldest son made a settlement upon it, in visiting\\nwhom, from time to time, Mr. Milner found a few persons scattered\\nabout in the wilderness, the country being then quite new. These he\\ngathered into the church, now known as Sardis, near Barnesville.\\nThis little band at first consisted of less than a dozen members. At\\nthe period of Mr. Milner s death, 1841, it had increased to near one\\nhundred and twenty. In 1827 he left Jones County, and settled near\\nthis church. Here again his zeal impelled him to press into the sur-\\nrounding neighbourhood, holding forth the lamp of life. Other\\nchurches were soon gathered, to which he ministered. As his bodily\\nstrength declined, his sphere of usefulness continued to enlarge and,\\nas his end drew near, his way was as the path of the just, which\\nshineth more and more unto the perfect day. Mr. Milner lived to\\na good old age, having died in his sixty-sixth year.\\ni s r 1 1 1 a it i n u s\\nAustin Dabney, a remarkable free man of colour, died at Zebulon.\\nHis remains repose, we understand, near those of his friend Harris.\\nThe following account of Dabney, as given by Governor Gilmer, may\\nbe interesting\\nIn the beginning of the Revolutionary conflict, a man by the name of Aycock\\nremoved to Wilkes County, having in his possession a mulatto boy, who\\npassed for and was treated as his slave. The boy had been called Austin, to\\nwhich the Captain to whose company he was attached added Dabney.\\nDabney proved himself a good soldier. In many a skirmish with the British\\nand Tories, he acted a conspicuous part. He was with Colonel Elijah Clarke in\\nthe battle at Kettle Creek, and was severely wounded by a rifle-ball passing\\nthrough his thigh, by which he was made a cripple for life. He w r as unable to\\ndo further military duty, and was without means to procure due attention to his\\nwound, which threatened his life. In this suffering condition he was taken into\\nthe house of a Mr. Harris, where he was kindly cared for until he recovered.\\nHe afterwards laboured for Harris and his family more faithfully than any slave\\ncould have been made to do.\\nAfter the close of the war, when prosperous times came, Austin Dabney ac-\\nquired property. In the year 18 he removed to Madison County, carrying\\nwith him his benefactor and family. Here he became noted for his great fond-", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0656.jp2"}, "651": {"fulltext": "PIKE COUNTY. 585\\nness for horses and the turf. He attended all the races in the neighbouring\\ncounties, and betted to the extent of his means. His courteous behaviour and\\ngood temper always secured him gentlemen backers. His means were aided by\\na pension which he received from the United States.\\nIn the distribution of the public lands by lottery among the people of Georgia,\\nthe Legislature gave to Dabney a lot of land in the county of Walton. The Hon.\\nMr. Upson, then a representative from Oglethorpe, was the member who moved\\nthe passage of the law, giving him the lot of land.\\nAt the election for members of the Legislature the year after, the County of\\nMadison was distracted by the animosity and strife of an Austin Dabney and an\\nAnti-Austin Dabney party. Many of the people were highly incensed that a\\nmulatto negro should receive a gift of the land which belonged to the freemen\\nof Georgia. Dabney soon after removed to the land given him by the State, and\\ncarried with him the family of Harris, and continued to labour for them, and ap-\\npropriated whatever he made for their support, except what was necessary for\\nhis coarse clothing and food. Upon his death, he left them all his property.\\nThe eldest son of his benefactor he sent to Franklin College, and afterwards sup-\\nported him whilst he studied law with Mr. Upson, in Lexington. When Harris\\nwas undergoing his examination, Austin was standing outside of the bar, exhi-\\nbiting great anxiety in his countenance; and when his young protege was sworn\\nin, he burst into a flood of tears. He understood his situation very well, and\\nnever was guilty of impertinence. He was one of the best chroniclers of the\\nevents of the Revolutionary War, in Georgia. Judge Dooly thought much of\\nhim, for he had served under his father, Colonel Dooly. It was Dabney s custom\\nto be at the public house in Madison, where the judge stopped during court, and\\nhe took much pains in seeing his horse well attended to. He frequently came\\ninto the room where the judges and lawyers were assembled on the evening be-\\nfore the court, and seated himself upon a stool or some low place, where he would\\ncommence a parley with any one who chose to talk with him.\\nHe drew his pension in Savannah, where he went once a year for this pur-\\npose. On one occasion he went to Savannah in company with his neighbour,\\nColonel Wyley Pope. They travelled together on the most familiar terms, until\\nthey arrived in the streets of the town. Then the Colonel observed to Austin\\nthat he was a man of sense, and knew that it was not suitable for him to be seen\\nriding side by side with a coloured man through the streets of Savannah to\\nwhich Austin replied that he understood that matter very well. Accordingly,\\nwhen they came to the principal street, Austin checked his horse and fell behind.\\nThey had not gone very far before Colonel Pope passed by the house of General\\nJames Jackson, who was then Governor of the State. Upon looking back, he\\nsaw the Governor run out of the house, seize Austin s hand, shake it as if he had\\nbeen his long absent brother, draw him off his horse, and carry him into his\\nhouse, where he stayed whilst in town. Colonel Pope used to tell this anecdote\\nwith much glee, adding that he felt chagrined when he ascertained that whilst\\nhe passed his time at a tavern, unknown and uncared for, Austin was the hon-\\noured guest of the Governor.", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0657.jp2"}, "652": {"fulltext": "586\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nPOLK COUNTY.\\nThis is a new county, laid out in 1851. It is bounded E. by\\nPaulding, W. by the State of Alabama, S. by Carroll, and N. by\\nFlovd and Cass Length, 24 m. breadth, 20 m. Named after the\\nlate James K. Polk, President of the United States.\\nThe streams are, Pumpkin Pile, Euharlee, Cedar, c.\\nIn some parts the lands are of excellent quality, yielding cotton,\\ncorn, wheat, rye, c.\\nCedar Town, in Cedar Valley, is the capital, handsomely located, 18\\nmiles from Rome, 25 from Dallas, and 9 from Cave Springs.\\nLIMESTONE SPRING.\\nAt Cedar Town is one of the finest limestone springs in the State.\\nIt is surrounded by a beautiful natural growth of cedar. The spring\\naffords water sufficient to move machinery of several horse-power.\\nIt is proposed to supply the town with water by means of a hydraulic\\nram.\\nWe feel peculiar pleasure in stating that the citizens of this coun-\\nty take a deep interest in the subject of education. At Cedar Town", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0658.jp2"}, "653": {"fulltext": "PULASKI COUNTY. 58\\nthere is an excellent school, called the Woodland Seminary, under the\\ndirection of the Rev. Mr. Wood, a gentleman of very superior qua-\\nlifications. The institution is yet in its incipiency, but we feel confi-\\ndent that it will soon occupy a high rank among the many resorts of\\nlearning of which Georgia may justly be proud.\\nThe following are the names of some of the persons living in the\\ncounty at the time of its organization, viz.: Thomas H. Sparks,\\nDr. E. H. Richardson, Wm. Peek, Asa Prior, Colonel Springer,\\nR. C. Gibson, Wm. F. Janes, W. E. West, G. W. West, Jas. 0.\\nGriggs, B. F. Bigelow, W. O. B. Whatley, B. Crabb.\\nThe first Superior Court in this county was held on the second Mon\\nday of September, 1852.\\nPULASKI COUNTY.\\nThis county was laid out from Laurens, in 1808. Length, 32\\nm. breadth, 17 m. area square miles, 544.\\nThe Ocmulgee is the principal river.\\nThere are several creeks.\\nThe lower part of the county is generally level. The upper part\\nis rolling.\\nThe lands on the east side of the Ocmulgee are fertile, producing\\ncotton, corn, c.\\nThe climate is hot.\\nHawkinsville is the county town, situated on the west side of\\nthe Ocmulgee River, 61 miles from Milledgeville.\\nHartford is opposite to Hawkinsville, formerly a thriving place.\\nTo the geologist, this county presents an inviting field. The\\nrotten limestone formation prevails, filled, with fossils of almost every\\nvariety.\\nAmong the early settlers of this county were, Joseph Reeves,\\nEdmund Hogan, S. Colson, George Walker, Wm. Hathorn,\\nJ. M. Taylor, E. Blackshear, Mark Mason.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 701 families,\\n701 white males, 1,896 white females, 1,888 free coloured\\nmales, 20; free coloured females, 19. Total free population, 3,823;\\nslaves, 2,804. Deaths, 87. Farms, 371 manufacturing establish-\\nments, 2. Value of real estate, $760,980 value of personal estate\\n$1,651,033.", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0659.jp2"}, "654": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nPUTNAM COUNTY.\\nLaid out in 1807. Part added to Jones, 1810. Length, 20 m.\\nbreadth, 18 m. square miles, 360. Named after General Israel\\nPutnam.\\nThe Oconee and Little rivers are the chief streams. The soil,\\nalthough much worn, is still productive.\\nThe climate is the same as that which prevails in Middle Georgia.\\nEatonton is the county town, 22 miles from Milledgeville.\\nStanfordville, Rockville, and Glade Cross Roads are small vil-\\nlages.\\nThe Eatonton Cotton Factory is situated on Little River, three\\nmiles west of Eatonton. Capital, $70,000. Spindles, 1,836 looms,\\n36; bundles of yarn per day, 100; yards of osnaburgs per day, 1,000;\\nnumber of hands employed, 97; wages of operatives, from $12 to\\n$20 per month; annual expense of hands, $7,000. About 100 yards\\nof bagging per day are made from waste and inferior cotton. In ad-\\ndition to the above, a quantity of rope is also made. Proper attention\\nis paid to the instruction of the children of the operatives.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 609 families, 609\\nwhite males, 1,681 white females, 1,619; free coloured males, 1]\\nfree coloured females, 15. Total free population, 3,326; slaves,\\n7,468. Deaths, 160. Farms, 351 manufacturing establishments,\\n32. Value of real estate, $1,137,791 value of personal estate,\\n$3,546,720.\\nAmong the early settlers of this county were, Wm. Wilkins, Ben-\\njamin Williamson, John Lamar, John Buckner, Eli S. Shorter,\\nStephen Marshall, John McBride, Capt. Vesey, James High-\\ntower, John Trippe, Isaac Moreland, John White, Benjamin\\nWhitfield, Joseph Cooper, Josiah Flournoy, M. Pounds, Ward\\nHill, Rev. Richard Pace, Rev. John Collinsworth, Jesse Bled-\\nsoe, Wm. Turner, Willis Roberts, Mark Jackson Peter F.\\nFlournoy, Thomas Park, Raleigh Holt, A. Richardson, Tarply\\nHolt, James Kendrick, Reuben Herndon, T. Wooldridge, Joseph\\nTurner, Warren Jackson, Edward Trayler, Samuel M. Echols,\\nJames Echols, E. Abercrombie, Matthew Gage, Thos. Napier,\\nWm. Jackson.\\nSix miles S. W. of Eatonton is a mound composed of quartz rock,\\nof different varieties. Upon it there is a vestige of an ancient wall\\nnearly circular. The inclosure embraces 110 feet.\\nPutnam has produced her share of distinguished men. Among\\nthese may be mentioned the late Judge James Meriwether, a gen-", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0660.jp2"}, "655": {"fulltext": "RABUN COUNTY. 589\\ntleman of fine legal attainments. He was Judge of the Superior\\nCourt, a member of Congress, and Speaker of the House of Repre-\\nsentatives of Georgia.\\nDr. Henry Branham was the first physician who settled in Put-\\nnam, and his reputation for skill in his profession is equal to that of\\nany practitioner in Georgia.\\nJudge Eli S. Shorter was a man of first-rate talents. He was\\nesteemed a most excellent judge.\\nRev. William Arnold has, for a long term of years, been a zealous\\npreacher of the Gospel.\\nRev. Mr. Cox was one of the first settlers. His life is a commen-\\ntary upon the principles which he believes.\\nRABUN C OUNTY.\\nLaid out in 1819. Part taken from Habersham, 1828. Length,\\n20 m. breadth, 20 m. area square miles, 400. Named after Go-\\nvernor William Rabun.\\nThe Tennessee, Chattooga, Tallulah, and Ulufta rivers, are the\\nprincipal streams.\\nThe creeks are, Gumekeloke, War Woman, Stekoa, Tiger Tail,\\nWild Cat, Persimmon and Mud.\\nClayton is the seat of justice, and is situated near the centre of the\\ncounty, at the foot of the Blue Ridge. It is 156 miles N. of Mil-\\nledgeville. It was first named Claytonville, after Judge Augustus\\nS. Clayton, but in 1823 the name was changed to that of Clayton.\\nA few fine bodies of land are in the county, principally on the\\nwater-courses.\\nGranite abounds, as well as iron, carbonate of iron, alum, c.\\nGold has been found in several localities, particularly on Persimmon\\nCreek.\\nThe climate is quite cold in winter, but decidedly pleasant and bra-\\ncing in summer. The diseases are such as usually occur in mount-\\nainous districts.\\nRabun is a county of mountains. In whatever direction the eye is\\nturned, it beholds ridges of mountains, one behind the other, like a\\ndark blue sea of giant billows, instantly stricken solid by nature s\\nmagic wand. The valleys are Tennessee, War Woman, Persim-\\nmon, Tiger Tail, and Simpson s Creek.\\nIn the county are several caves, but none particularly celebrated.\\nTen miles N. E. of Clayton is a beautiful fall, called Eastatoah, and", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0661.jp2"}, "656": {"fulltext": "590 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nabout four miles from Clayton are the Stekoa Falls, which many per-\\nsons think superior in beauty to the far-famed Toccoa Falls.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 385 families,\\n385; white males, 1,210; white females, 1,128. Total free popu-\\nlation, 2,338; slaves, 110. Deaths, 12. Farms, 282. Value of\\nreal estate, $156,395; value of personal estate, $128,698.\\nAmong the original settlers of this county were, General Coffee,\\nHenry Cannon, Tillman Powell, E. Powell, General Andrew\\nMillar, James and John Dillard, Jesse Carter, Charles Gates,\\nChesley McKenzie, James Kell, James Allen, Drury Wall,\\nJoseph Jones, David Moseley, Jo_ hn Kell y, Wm. Jones, Cleve-\\nland Coffee, Joel Coffee, John Patterson, Wm. Price, E. Den\\nton, Wm. Grantham, Wm. Godfrey, Elijah Crane.\\nRANDOLPH COUNTY.\\nLaid out from Lee, 1828. Part set off to Stewart, 1830. Length,\\n40 m. breadth, 27 m. area square miles, 1,080. Named after\\nJohn Randolph, of Virginia.\\nThe Chattahoochee separates the county from Alabama. Pataula,\\nOcetahnee, Tobenanee, and Cemochechobbee creeks, flow into the\\nChattahoochee Pachitla and Fushachee flow south, and empty into\\nthe Ichawaynochaway, which discharges itself into the Flint River.\\nThere are excellent lands in the county.\\nCuthbert is the capital, 150 miles from Milledgeville. It has im-\\nproved very much w T ithin a few years.\\nGeorgetown is on the Chattahoochee.\\nThe Baptist Female College of Southwestern Georgia is located\\nat Villa Nova, near Cuthbert. It commenced operations on the 17th\\nof February, 1852, and on the 31st of May, 1853, it had 130 pupils.\\nAn edifice is now erecting at a cost of $10,000. Provision is made\\nfor instruction in all the branches of a useful and polite education.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 1,408; families,\\n1,408; white males, 4,067; white females, 3,790 I free coloured\\nmale free coloured females, 2. Total free population, 7,860\\nslaves, 5,008. Deaths, 130. Farms, 930 manufacturing establish-\\nments, 38.\\nThe climate is mild. There are but few diseases, and it may be\\ncalled a healthy county. Mr. Love died a few years since at the\\nadvanced age of 17. He was a soldier of the Revolution, and was\\nan active man, though blind for thirty years before his death. Mrs.\\nDarby was living a few vears ago, aged 105.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0662.jp2"}, "657": {"fulltext": "RANDOLPH COUNTY. 59i\\nAmong the early settlers of this county were Samuel A. Greer,\\nJames P. Sharp, James Martin, Jacob Hawk, Wiley Strickland,\\nThomas Coram, Lewis Rivers, Ben./. Davis, Allen Moye, Martin\\nBrown, Abel Bass, John Roe, Edward McDonald, Z. Bailey,\\nJoseph Sands, Dav/d Rumph, Dr. Jones, Colonel Alexander, Rev.\\nMr. Swain, George Wood.\\nPataula Falls, on Pataula Creek, are 12 miles N. W. of Fort Gaines.\\nThe creek runs through a bed of blue argillaceous marl containing a\\nprofusion of sea-shelis, some of a very large size. Imbedded in the\\nrocks are balls the size of a 12-pound shot, of compact blue lime-\\nstone Factories to any extent could be established at these falls.\\nBATTLE OF ECHOWANOTCHAWAY SWAMP.\\nOn the 25th of July, 1836, at the Echowanotchaway Swamp, Major Jernigan\\nhad a sharp contest with the Indians. The enemy having the advantage of\\nground, and being superior in numbers, Major Jernigan ordered a retreat of one\\nhundred and fifty yards, bearing his wounded before him, expecting that the\\nIndians would renew the attack, which, however, they did not. The wounded\\nwere carried to Captain Stapleton s house. The loss in the skirmish was three\\nkilled, and seven wounded. The battle lasted fifty minutes. The number of\\nthe enemy was estimated to be from two to three hundred.\\nOn the 26th, Major Jernigan pursued them until sunset, when he was rein-\\nforced by a company from Lanahassee. commanded by Captain Galba Matthews,\\nby Guilford s Company, a part of Captain Snellgrove s Company, Colonel Wood,\\nMajor Wills, and Captain Smith, together with others, making his force amount\\nto three hundred men. A council of officers was called, who requested Major\\nJernigan to take the whole command, to which he consented.\\nOn the 27th, at sunrise, the line was formed, and the troops quickly put in mo-\\ntion. The trail was soon discovered, and about three miles below the camp,\\nMajor Jernigan s advance-guard, under Captain Moye, heard the savages\\ncrossing Turkey Creek, at its confluence with the main branch of the Echowa-\\nnotchaway. The troops were marched to this spot, and preparations made for\\nbattle. The advance-guard was ordered to proceed, and in crossing Turkey\\nCreek, the Indians fired several scattering guns from thick cane-brakes, and ap-\\npeared to be moving forward. The commands of Captains Matthews, Guilford, and\\nSnellgrove were detached to a place on the eastern side of trie main creek, and\\nbelow Chnmba and Turkev Creeks. Captain Clifton s Company was stationed\\non the trail which entered the swamp. The companies of Captains Still and Ball\\nwere marched across the creek.\\nMajor Jernigan having thus arranged his force, and knowing that the In-\\ndians were below him, dispatched Captain Ball to inform the troops on the east-\\nern side of the main creek that they would be required to approach the swamp;\\nand as it was not probable that the Indians would attempt to escape at the point\\ncovered by Captain Ball s company, he was directed to blow the horn before he\\ncountermarched, to induce the enemy to believe that a station was kept there.", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0663.jp2"}, "658": {"fulltext": "592 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nIn the mean time, the companies of Captains Ball and Clifton were united, and\\nfrom each a guard was detailed. Captain Ball returned, and gave informa-\\ntion of the arrival of General William Wellborn, of Irwinton. The General, on\\nhis march to join Major Jernigan s eastern division, was hooted at by the Indians\\nin the cane-brake. He, however, reached the station without being fired on,\\nand by consent and request of the captains, commanded and led that division.\\nAs the time for action approached, signals were given to enter the swamp, which\\nwas accordingly done by a part of Captains Ball and Clifton s company. Pre-\\ncisely at eleven o clock, signal-guns were fired for the whole body to be put in\\nmotion, and the march was immediately commenced. It was evident that the\\nIndians were well prepared for battle, and would vigilantly guard their trail\\nand it being considered more than probable, from what had passed between\\nthem and General Wellborn, that spies would be placed on the eastern force, it\\nwas determined, if possible, to take the enemy by surprise. The troops marched\\nthrough Turkey and Chumba creeks, leaving the Indian trail on their right.\\nAfter marching about three hundred yards through mud and water, thickly set\\nwith cane, a man was ordered to ascend a tree, for the purpose of making dis-\\ncoveries, who reported the camp at the distance of three hundred yards, pointed\\nout a noted forked pine as a land-mark, and also stated that he could discern\\nspies watching their trail, and others keeping a look-out on General Wellborn s\\ndivision. Captains Ball and Clifton were directed to move forward, inclining\\nto the left, in order to give them an attack broadside. The march was conti-\\nnued until the Indians could be heard talking. A halt was ordered by giving\\nsigns, and Colonel Wood dispatched, with others, to gain the rear of General\\nWellborn, and inform him where Major Jernigan was situated, the position of\\nthe Indians, c. The messengers had not been absent two minutes before a\\nbrisk firing took place between General Wellborn and the savages. A charge\\nwas ordered with the sound of the horn, and in thirty seconds from the tire\\nof the first gun, the two companies gained the hammock, and covered the\\nentire line of the enemy. The firing from all quarters was heavy arid ani-\\nmated. The Indians fought with more desperation, and gave up the ground with\\nmore reluctance, than in any battle previously had with them. The engage-\\nment lasted forty-five minutes, and ended about half past one o clock.\\nAfter forcing them from their strong positions, two infant children were heard\\nto cry in the cane-brake. They were brought to the battle-ground. Major Jer-\\nnigan s loss was three killed Mr. Carter, of Irwinton, Ala, David Sutlev, of\\nRandolph, and John Crocker, Jun., of Lumpkin. Thirteen were wounded. A\\npart of those whose wounds were slight returned to their homes. The follow-\\ning is a list of the wounded: E. Butler, Frith. Thomas Shepherd, Willis\\nBarton, William Hughes, Colonel Wood and William Hilborne, of Randolph;\\nLewis Williams, Richard Cannady, Captain Green, and B. Ball, of Stewart; Cap-\\ntain Jenkins and Patterson, of Irwinton, Ala. The loss of the Indians was\\nnot ascertained. Eighteen were found dead, some of them three miles from the\\nbattle-ground.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0664.jp2"}, "659": {"fulltext": "RICHMOND COUNTY.\\n593\\nRICHMOND COUNTY.\\nThis county was originally St. Paul s Parish. In 1777 it was\\nmade the County of Richmond, receiving its name from the Duke of\\nRichmond, a warm friend of American liberty. In 1790 a part was\\nset off to Columbia. Length, 27 m. breadth, 25 m. area square\\nmiles, 675.\\nThe Savannah River divides the county from South Carolina.\\nAugusta, named by General Oglethorpe in honour of one of the\\nroyal princesses, is the capital, situated on the southwest bank of\\nthe Savannah River, 92 miles from Milledgeville.\\nIt was laid out in 1735 by the Trustees of Georgia, and garrisoned\\nin 1736. Several warehouses were built and furnished with goods\\nfor the Indian trade. Boats were used for transportation, which made\\nfour or five voyages annually to Charleston.\\nFew cities have improved more rapidly than Augusta. It is well\\nbuilt, mostly of brick, and very favourably situated for trade, being\\nin the centre of a thickly populated and wealthy country. The city\\nis governed by a Mayor and Aldermen, called the City Council.\\nThe police is excellent, and there is no city where better order exists.\\nAugusta has a number of elegant public buildings.\\nCITY HALL.\\nThe City Hall is an ornament to the city. It is built of brick\\nthree stories high, with a cupola surmounted by the figure of justice\\nIt was built at a cost of $100,000.\\n38", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0665.jp2"}, "660": {"fulltext": "594\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nThe Medical College was finished in 1835.\\nThe Masonic Hall is a showy edifice, fronting Broad-street. It\\nwas erected in 1826, and cost $30,000.\\nThe jail is constructed of brick, and cost $28,000.\\nThe city is supplied with water brought from a spring three miles\\ndistant.\\nThere is an excellent bridge over the Savannah River, owned by the\\ncorporation.\\nIn Augusta there are five or six banks, besides several insurance\\nagencies.\\nThe Augusta Canal is a splendid monument of the enterprise of\\nthe citizens.\\nThe warehouses have always challenged the admiration of travel-\\nlers. There are ten or twelve of these structures, capable of holding\\n70,000 bales of cotton, which were erected at a cost of more than\\n120,000 dollars.\\nIn 1796 there was a bridge over the river opposite Centre-street,\\nbuilt by the late Colonel Wade Hampton, of South Carolina, which\\nwas carried away by the great freshet of that year, known as the\\nYazoo freshet. On the 28th of May, 1840, the river rose 37 feet\\nabove low- water mark, by which a large portion of the city was inun-\\ndated, and much injury done to property. In March, 1841, there\\nwas another freshet, the river rising- 33 feet.\\n_ \u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00e2\u0096\u00a0vt f ?\u00c2\u00abii s *l\\nFREIGHT DEPOT.\\nThe premises belonging to the Georgia Railroad and Banking\\nCompany are worthy the attention of visitors. The above is a\\nview of the interior of the Freight Depot. It is 280 feet long, and\\n80 feet wide. The roof projects 1 1 feet beyond the walls on each\\nside. Cars for receiving the goods stand under the projecting roof\\nupon one side, and the loaded drays drive into all parts of the build-\\ning through the doors of the opposite side.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0666.jp2"}, "661": {"fulltext": "RICHMOND COUNTY.\\n595\\nCHURCH OF THE ATONEMENT.\\nThere are nine churches in Augusta. The Church of the Atonement,\\nof which a view is given above, is probably one of the most unique\\nbuildings in the State. It was erected at the expense of one family.\\nST. PAUL S CHURCH.\\nSt. Paul s Parish was established some years prior to the Revolu-\\ntion. From 1750 to 1770 it was served at intervals by the following\\nclergymen, as missionaries of the Society of the Church of England", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0667.jp2"}, "662": {"fulltext": "596\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nfor the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, viz. Rev. Jon-\\nathan Copp, from 1750 to 1756 Rev. Samuel Frink, from 1764 to\\n1767; Rev. Wm. Ellington, from 1767 to 1770.\\nThe original house of worship was built opposite one of the cur-\\ntains of the fort, known during the Revolution as Fort Cornwallis.\\nThis building was succeeded by another, a plain wooden structure.\\nThe corner-stone of the present building was laid in the spring of\\n1819, and was first occupied in March, 1820, and in 1821 was conse-\\ncrated by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Bowen, of South Carolina. The\\nchurch is built of brick length, 94 feet breadth, 62. It contains\\n124 pews on the ground floor, and 14 in the organ gallery, there\\nbeing no side galleries. The pitch of the ceiling is 25 feet it is of\\nthe Grecian Doric order, and is generally admired for its chasteness\\nand simplicity. The design was furnished by Mr. John Land, the\\narchitect, by whom it was built, at a cost of upwards of 25,000\\ndollars. The Rev. Hugh Smith, at that time Rector of St. Ann s\\nChurch. Brooklyn, L. I., was elected to the Rectorship in 1819. He\\nresigned in the spring of 1832, and in May of that year was succeed-\\ned by the present Rector, the Rev. Dr. Ford.\\nPRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.\\nThe Presbyterian Church is a neat edifice, located in a pleasant\\npart of the city, surrounded by a beautiful grove of oaks.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0668.jp2"}, "663": {"fulltext": "RICHMOND COUNTY. 597\\nMount Enon is 15 miles S. of Augusta.\\nBrotherville is 13 miles from Augusta.\\nBelair is on the Georgia Railroad, 10 miles from Augusta.\\nBath is in the southern part of the county.\\nSummerville is three miles from Augusta.\\nThe lands on the river are excellent, and command a high price.\\nThe productions are cotton and the various grains.\\nThe institutions for the education of youth are numerous and re-\\nspectable.\\nThe climate is healthy. Fevers are the most prevalent diseases.\\nThe instances of longevity are the following Mrs. Priscilla\\nTully died at 101 Mr. John Martin, at 103; Mrs. Dawson, over\\n91 Mrs. Griffin, over 90 Mr. D Antignac, at 89 Mr. James\\nGardner, 83 Mr. N. Murphy, 80 Mrs. Rowell, over 80 Mrs.\\nTinley, nearly 103 E. Taver, 82; Mrs. Crawford, 80; Mrs. La-\\ncy, 82 Mr. Conrad Liverman, 80. He was a native of Hesse\\nCassel, and first came to this country among the mercenaries of the\\nBritish army, during the Revolutionary War but in Savannah he\\ndeserted the British, and ever afterwards fought manfully for the\\nUnited States. Mr. Nicholas De Laigle died at 87. He was a\\ngentleman of great industry, and of the highest integrity.\\nIn 1789 a gentleman and his wife resided in this county, from whom,\\nin fifty-five years, the following generations descended\\n1 The father, 76 years old.\\n1 The mother, 72 do.\\n14 Children.\\n40 Grandchildren.\\n42 Great-grandchildren.\\n98\\nIn 1826, an African, known by the name of Old Qua, died at the\\nadvanced age of 96.\\nOld Amy, as she was familiarly called, died at the extreme ag-e of\\n140 years. 5\\nJack Wright, a negro, died at the age of 109. He had been a\\nservant to Lord Anson when stationed at Charleston, prior to his\\nvoyage round the world.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Dwellings, 1,556 families\\n1,556 white males, 4,140 white females, 4,012 free coloured males\\n126; free coloured females, 156. Total free population, 8 434*\\nSlaves, 7,812. Deaths, 291. Farms, 272. Manufacturing estab-\\nlishments, 56. Value of real estate, $4,392,325 value of personal\\nestate, $4,019,160. l\\nVarious minerals are found in this county, among which are burr\\nstone, porcelain clay, novaculite, wacke, steatite, micaceous sand-\\nstone, mica slate, granite, and sienite.", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0669.jp2"}, "664": {"fulltext": "598\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nConsiderable attention is paid to manufactures in Richmond.\\nThe Augusta Manufacturing Company have two mills. Mill No. 1\\ncontains 8,160 spindles and 312 looms, for cotton goods. Mill No. 2\\nhas 6,280 spindles and 200 looms, for the manufacture both of cotton\\nand woollen goods. The production of the two mills, when in full\\noperation, will be over 125,000 yards per week.\\nCUNNINGHAMS FLOUR MILLS.\\nCunningham s Flour Mills are in Augusta. The main building is\\n60 feet by 40 five stories high. It has six run of stones, with all\\nthe necessarv fixtures. The whole machinery is driven by two over-\\nshot wheels, eleven feet in diameter.\\nGOODRICH S MANUFACTORY.\\nThis extensive establishment is owned by Mr. William H. Good-\\nrich, a gentleman of great enterprise. Doors, blinds, sashes, and in-\\ndeed almost all descriptions of carpentry, are manufactured.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0670.jp2"}, "665": {"fulltext": "RICHMOND COUNTY.\\n599\\nRichmond Factory is situated on Spirit Creek, 10 miles S. of Au-\\ngusta. Capital, $35,000 spindles, 1,500; looms, 40.\\nBelleville Factory is seven or eight miles from Augusta, owned by\\nMr. George Schley.\\nWarren Colman s Mill is at Augusta. It is built of granite,\\nand is three stories high.\\nAmerican [ron Foundry, situated m Augusta, Osmond Gray,\\nproprietors. At this establishment iron and brass castings, railroad\\ncar and engine wheels, mill and gin gearing, ploughs, water-pipes,\\nc, are manufactured.\\nThere is a Machine Factory on Butler s Creek, seven miles from\\nAugusta.\\nMONUMENT TO LYMAN HALL AND GEORGE WALTON.\\nThis monument is erected in Greene-street, opposite to the Citj\\nHall. It is 50 feet high.", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0671.jp2"}, "666": {"fulltext": "600\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nDOCUMENTS CONNECTED WITH THE EARLY HISTORY OF\\nAUGUSTA.\\nA List of such Traders, Men and Horses, as come from other parts, and only\\npass through or by Augusta in their way to the Creek Nation.\\nMen. Horses\\nMessrs. Wood Brown, from South Carolina\\nDaniel Clark, from Ditto\\nArchibald McGillivray, from Ditto\\nGeorge Cossons, from Ditto\\nJeremiah Knott, from Ditto\\nSpencer, from Mount Pleasant\\nGilmore, from Ditto\\nj Barnett. from Ditto\\nMessrs.\\nMessrs.\\nLadson, from Ditto\\nJames Cossons, from South Carolina\\nGeorge Galphin, from Ditto\\nWilliam Sluthers, from Ditto\\n49 314\\nA List of Traders, Men and Horses, employed from Augusta in the Chickasaw\\nand Creek Trade.\\n8\\n60\\n4\\n20\\n3\\n18\\n4\\n30\\n4\\n30\\n3\\n16\\n4\\n20\\n3\\n20\\n3\\n20\\n5\\n30\\n4\\n25\\n4\\n25\\nGeorge Mackay\\nHenry Elsey\\nMessrs. Facey and Macqueen\\nJohn Wright\\nJohn Gardner\\nWilliam Calahern\\nThomas Andrews, in Creek and Chickasaw Nations\\nThomas Daval\\nJohn Cammell\\nPaul Rundall\\nNicholas Chinery\\nWilliam Newberry\\nMen.\\nHorses.\\n4\\n20\\n3\\n20\\n6\\n40\\n4\\n20\\n3\\n20\\n3\\n15\\n8\\n70\\n3\\n20\\n3\\n20\\n3\\n20\\n3\\n20\\n3\\n20\\n46\\n305\\nJohn Gardner\\nSavannah, July 14, 1741.\\nIn 1756, Governor Reynolds laid before his Council the following\\nletters from Augusta\\nAugusta, Saturday, 10 of the Clock in the\\nMorning, \\\\2ih September, 1756. j\\nMay it please tour Excellency: We have, as in duty bound, sent this ex-\\npress on purpose, with the inclosed informations, by which you will understand\\nthat Indian blood has been spilt, and consequently an Indian war is almost inevi\\ntable\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the only thing, in all probability, that can prevent it, is the having of the\\nmurderers secured for to make him satisfaction for which reason, we issued hut", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0672.jp2"}, "667": {"fulltext": "RICHMOND COUNTY. 601\\nand crys everywhere to apprehend them; and in case they come by the way of\\nSavannah, we hope care will be taken to secure them. We are afraid we cannot\\nhold this place long without speedy assistance, which we hope your Excellency\\nwill take into serious consideration. All the settlements on the Ogeechee are\\nabandoned. The fort cannot contain all the inhabitants, so that we shall be\\nobliged to fortify some other places. We beg your Excellency would send us in-\\nstructions how to act as you shall think proper. There are some head-men of\\nthe Creeks in Charlestown, or on their way thither, on whom we have had great\\ndependence, as we designed to assure them that we will take and do justice on\\nthe murderers, and give them all the satisfaction they required. We wish we\\ncould hear from your Excellency before they went from this place, for which\\nreason, we hope your Excellency will dispatch the express with all haste possi-\\nble. There is no match in the fort. Mr. begs if there is any such thing in\\nSavannah, that you will send him some. And we are, with the greatest respect,\\nyour Excellency s most humble, most obedient servants,\\nDa. Douglass,\\nJohn Rae,\\nMartin Campbell.\\nRepresentation or Petition of the Inhabitants of Augusta, and places\\nadjacent, setting forth their danger from the Indians, and their pre-\\nsent defenceless state.\\nAugusta, 30th of August, 175b\\nTo his Excellency John Reynolds, Esq., Captain-General and Commander-in-\\nChief in and over his Majesty s Province of Georgia, and Vice- Admiral of the\\nsame.\\nThe humble representation and petition of the inhabitants of Augusta and the\\nplaces adjacent, showeth,\\nThat your petitioners, by their vicinity and connection with Indians and In-\\ndian affairs, have had the opportunity to behold with concern the great progress\\nthe French have made for some time past in seducing the Creek Indians, and\\ndrawing them over to their interest. These people are indefatigable in per-\\nsuading and spurring on the Indians to a rupture with us, and had, within those\\nfew months, according to the best intelligence we could get, and from the be-\\nhaviour of the Indians in general, very nearly succeeded, and even with the\\nconcurrence of a part of the Cherokees.\\nThat although we believe they have miscarried just at this present juncture,\\nyet we have good reason to think if some effectual methods are not taken to pre-\\nvent it, they will very soon bring their designs to bear. That Augusta and the\\nplaces adjacent being not only frontiers, but places where the stores and trading\\ngoods for all the Chickasaws, Creeks, and a part of the Cherokees, are kept, are of\\nthe greatest consequence, for in all probability they would, for the sake of the stores,\\nbe the first that would be attacked, as they, the Indians, would thereby be enabled,\\nwith a little assistance from the French, to carry on a war with the English for a con-\\nsiderable time. That in our present helpless, defenceless condition, these places\\nand stores, we are morally certain, would fall too easy a prey to them. That it is\\nwell known that Fort Augusta was erected here for the sake of the Indian trade, and", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0673.jp2"}, "668": {"fulltext": "602 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nprotection of those who should carry it on, and might also be a protection to the\\ninhabitants that might afterwards come and settle in the northwest division of the\\nProvince, by being an asylum for the women and children, and a place of se-\\ncurity for their effects in case of danger. That that fort at present cannot answer\\nany of those wise and salutary ends, being in every part of it in a ruinous con-\\ndition, for the truth of which we can appeal to your Excellency, who had ocular\\ndemonstration thereof when your Excellency was up here but ever since that\\ntime it is much decayed, and would have fallen to the ground had it not been\\nsupported by the care of the commanding officer. That was the fort in proper\\nrepair, it would not answer the ends proposed the few soldiers that had been for\\na long time at that station, which, by repeated detachments to South Carolina\\nand elsewhere, are now rendered fewer, being insufficient for its defence in case\\nof aii attack. That if this place was destroyed, the destruction of the whole Pro-\\nvince would, in all probability, soon follow for, as we hinted before, the Indians\\nwould get arms and ammunition, and other necessaries here, enough to enable\\nthem to carry on the war when and how long they pleased. That although we\\nhave been informed that your Excellency hath before now laid before his Ma-\\njesty the defenceless state of this Province, and the ruinous condition of the forti-\\nfications in it, and we are sensible no person could take more pains to know it\\nthan your Excellency; yet we hope this representation of our particular situa-\\ntion, especially in time of war with France, and. as we have good reason to\\nthink, of immediate danger, will not be taken amiss. That we also, with sub-\\nmission, beg leave to observe to your Excellency that we sincerely wish there\\nhad been no settlement made on Ogeechee as yet, for if ever the Creeks should\\nbreak out a war with us, whatever reasons they in their own minds might have\\nfor it. we are assured they will make that settlement one pretence, for they are\\ncontinually exclaiming against it, and more so this summer than ever. We wish\\nthere could be a method taken of withdrawing the settlement by degrees, so it\\nmight not look like a public concession of these lands. The Indians would then\\nat least want that pretence of quarrelling. We therefore hope your Excellency\\nwill take this our representation and petition into your serious consideration, and\\nwe cannot doubt your Excellency will do everything in your power to remedy\\nthese evils, and to render our safety and protection more effectual but if nothing\\ncan be done here for the public security of these parts, we humbly beseech your\\nExcellency to represent our situation to his Majesty, from whose fatherly care we\\nmay yet, before it is too late, receive the assistance necessarily required. And\\nyour Excellency^ petitioners, as in duty bound, shall ever pray.\\n(Signed,)\\nPatrick Clarke, Martin Campbell,\\nJohn Rae, Lachlan McGillivray,\\nIsaac Barksdale, John Williams,\\nWm. Bonar, John Spencer,\\nDaniel Clark, William Little,\\nEdward Barnard, James McHenry,\\nWilliam Clement, George Galphin,\\nRichard Johnson, Robert Dixon,\\nDa. Douglass, Moses Numes.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0674.jp2"}, "669": {"fulltext": "RICHMOND COUNTY. 603\\nWe have sent you the inclosed representation, that your Excellency may see\\nthe sentiments of the people of this place before this unlucky affair happened.\\nI have, as in duty bound, sent you the inclosed information, by which, in all\\nappearances, an Indian war is inevitable. There is nothing, in all human pro-\\nbability, can prevent it but having those people who did the injury to make a reta-\\nliation for the murdered Indians, and we have accordingly issued hue and cry.\\nsent out parties to apprehend them, and we have alarmed all the country both on\\nthe Carolina and Georgia side. The head-men of the Chickasavvs are now with\\nme. They declare they will live and die with the white people, provided we\\nwill get them a place for their wives and children. The fort is too small, neither\\nis it in a condition to hold the people of this place, so I think it will be better to\\nhave one or two fortifications or intrenchments as near to the fort as possible,\\nwhere the women and children may be secured, while we scout out and fight the\\nenemy. I am afraid we cannot keep this place without assistance, and the loss\\nof this will be an immense destruction to both provinces, as there is no people in\\nthis Province to spare to send to our assistance. I hope your Excellency will im-\\nmediately apply to the Government of South Carolina, who are equally concern-\\ned, to send an immediate supply of men or otherwise, as you think most proper,\\nas I only hint my hasty thoughts, which if not right, 1 beg your Excellency\\nwould excuse. I hope your Excellency will by this express give me what power\\nand instructions you think needful. If possible, we will immediately send to the\\nCreek Nation, to assure the Indians those people who did injury will be taken\\nand secured for their satisfaction. We are afraid the blow will be struck in the\\nnation.\\n(Signed,)\\nDa. Douglass.\\nREVOLUTIONARY DOCUMENTS CONNECTED WITH THE HISTORY\\nOF RICHMOND COUNTY.\\nWednesday, October 12th, 1774.\\nA Protest or Declaration of Dissent of the Inhabitants of St. Paul s\\nParish, against any Resolutions expressive of Disloyalty to our Most\\nGracious King, and the Lords and Commons of Great Britain.\\nWe, the subscribers, inhabitants of the Parish of St. Paul, having understood\\nthat certain persons have attempted, and are now attempting to prevail on the\\ngood-meaning and well-disposed people of this Province, to enter into resolutions\\nsimilar to those made in the Province of South Carolina, in order to counteract\\nand render ineffectual some late acts of the British Parliament intended to reduce\\nthe people of Boston to a sense of their duty\\nWe do hereby, for ourselves and others, protest against any. and declare our\\ndissent to any such resolutions, or proceedings in any wise tending to express\\ndisloyalty to our most gracious Sovereign, and the Lords and Commons of Great\\nBritain, for the following reasons, viz.\\nFirst. Because we apprehend this mode of assembling and entering into re-\\nsolutions that arraign the conduct of the King and Parliament, is illegal, and", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0675.jp2"}, "670": {"fulltext": "604 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\ntends only to alienate the affection, and forfeit the favour and protection of a most\\ngracious Sovereign, and to draw upon this colony the displeasure of the Lords and\\nCommons of Great Britain.\\nSecondly, Because, if we have real grievances to complain of, the only legal and\\nconstitutional method of seeking redress is, we apprehend, to instruct our repre-\\nsentatives in Assembly to move for and promote a decent and proper application\\nto his Majesty and the Parliament for relief.\\nThirdly, That as the inhabitants of this Province have had no hand in destroy-\\ning any teas, the property of the East India Company, and, therefore, are not in-\\nvolved in the same guilt with those of Boston, they can have no business to\\nmake themselves partakers of the ill consequences resulting from such a con-\\nduct.\\nThirdly, Because we understand that the Council and Assembly of this Pro-\\nvince have lately applied to his Majesty for assistance in case of an Indian\\nwar; and should we enter into any such resolutions, we could not in justice ex-\\npect any such assistance, but would be counteracting what they have done, and\\nexposing the Province to imminent danger.\\nFourthly, Because the persons who are most active on this occasion, are\\nchiefly those whose property lies in or near Savannah, and, therefore, are not\\nimmediately exposed to the bad effects of an Indian war; whereas, the back\\nsettlements of this Province, and our parish in particular, would most certainly\\nbe laid waste and depopulated, unless we receive such powerful aid and assist-\\nance as none but Great Britain can give. For these and many other reasons, we\\ndeclare our dissent to all resolutions by which his Majesty s favour and protec-\\ntion might be forfeited.\\nSigned, James Grierson, William Goodgeon, Robert Bonner, John Anderson,\\nEdward Barnard, Andrew McLean, John D. Hammerer, John Dooly, James Hill,\\nBarnard Heard, Amos Stapler, Charles Walker, John McDuffie, Giles Tillett,\\nJames Seymour, Thomas Pace, Richard Basley, Samuel Tullett, Wm. Redman,\\nJoel Cloud, Wm. Millar, Zechariah Lamar, Sen., Jacob Dennis, Littleberry Bos-\\nticke, Basil Lamar, James Few, Benjamin Webster, Robert Honey, Job Smith,\\nWm. Barnard, Wm. Mangum, John Chapman, Patrick Jarvis, Joseph, Mjidn^ock,\\nJonathan Sell, Robert Mackay, Wm. Candler, Devereaux Jarratt, Sherwood\\nBugg, Isaac Low, Peter Parris, John Henderson, Thomas Grierson, John\\nMcDonald, Francis Hancock.\\nAucust 5, 1774.\\nTo Thomas Shruder, TnoMAS Netherclift, and JonN Hume, Esqrs., Members of\\nAssembly for the Parish of St. Paul s.\\nGeorgia,\\nParish of St. Paul\\nWe, inhabitants of the town -and district of Augustine,* think it incumbent\\nupon us, in this public manner, to declare our dissent from, and disapprobation\\nof, certain resolutions published in this gazette, of the 17th instant, entered into\\non Wednesday, the 10th day of August, as it is there said, At a general meet-\\ning of the inhabitants of this Province, though, we are credibly informed, that\\nWe think this was intended for Augusta.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0676.jp2"}, "671": {"fulltext": "RICHMOND COUNTY. 605\\nthe said meeting, so far from being general, was not even numerous, and that\\none of our representatives, whom we had provided with a protest, and our rea-\\nsons at large, why we could not agree to any resolutions expressive of disaffec-\\ntion or disrespect to our most Gracious King, or the Lords and Commons of\\nGreat Britain, thought it improper to deliver said protest to a few people met\\nprivately at a tavern, having also been told by some gentlemen coming from*the\\nplace of meeting, that they had been refused admittance.\\nWe entirely dissent from the aforesaid resolutions, because we apprehend upon\\nthis occasion our silence would be construed into consent; and a partial act of,\\nand resolutions entered into by, some individuals, might be considered as the\\ngeneral sense of the Province.\\nWe. therefore, in duty to our King and country, and ourselves, do hereby\\nsolemnly protest against any of the proceedings of the aforesaid meeting, and\\ndeclare our entire dissent from the resolutions entered into at the same, as\\nwitness our hands at Augusta, this 30th day of August, 1774.\\nRobert Mackay, Andrew Johnstone, Edward Barnard, Wm. Goodgeon, James\\nGordon, James Grierson, Francis Begbee, Thomas Graham, Francis Pringle,\\nDonald Cameron, John Francis, Daniel Waiscoat, George Barnard, Charles\\nWalker, John Pratt, William Matthews, Robert Bonner, Benjamin Webster,\\nMartin Weatherford, Abraham Spear. John Lamar, John Francis Williams,\\nPeter Parris, John Bacon, Sherwood Bugir, Wm. Johnston, Charles Clarke,\\nMoody Butt, SamuelClerk. John Howell, John Dooly, Thomas Grierson, Robert\\nGrierson, Spencer Kelly, John Leslie.\\nGeorgia, Parish of St. Paul.\\nWe, the inhabitants of Kyokee and Broad River settlements, do in this public\\nmanner think proper to declare our dissent and disapprobation to a certain paper\\nor handbill published and dispensed throughout the Province, entitled and called,\\nResolutions entered into at Savannah, on Wednesday, the \\\\0th day of August, 1774,\\nat a general meeting, (as therein set forth,) of the inhabitants of this Province, to\\nconsider of the state of the Colonies in America.\\nFor the following reasons\\nFirst, Because we look upon the said paper as a very improper treatment of the\\ninhabitants of the Province, and of this Parish in particular, for that we have been\\nwell informed that the said meeting was not a public one, as before advertised,\\nit being held at the house of Mr. Tondee, in Savannah, and that many respecta-\\nble persons were refused admittance.\\nSecondly, That the meeting was by no means a numerous one for where a\\nquestion of the most serious concern was put, there were only twenty-six persons\\nthat gave their voices.\\nThirdly, Because we from the beginning entirely disapproved of the said\\nmeeting, and in consequence of our disapprobation, we sent to Savannah a pro-\\ntest and reasons at large, which would have been presented at said meeting, on\\nWednesday, the 10th inst., had not a number of gentlemen of honour and probity\\nin Savannah been refused admittance; and it is denied by a number that there\\nwere any deputies from the Parish of Christ Church legally appointed.\\nFourthly, Because we had no voice in said meeting, and because we think that", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0677.jp2"}, "672": {"fulltext": "606 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OP GEORGIA.\\nthe said paper carries with it unnecessary and unjust reflections on the honour\\nand justice of King, Lords and Commons.\\nFor these and other reasons, we do solemnly protest against the proceedings\\nhad on the 10th inst., and do entirely dissent from them.\\nJames McFarland, J. P., Saunders Walker, Daniel Marshall, John Griffin, An-\\ndrew Paull, Aaron Sinquefield, Edward Seed. William Lama r. Charles Jor-\\ndan, William Love, James Cox, James Young. Charles Hurd, James Hill, Johu\\nHill, Joshua Hill, Sojomon Barfield, John Kelly, Giles Tillett, John Truman,\\nMoses Powell, William Wildefi, Henry Brewster, Solomon Vickers, William Few,\\nNiel Jackson, George Cowin, Daniel Walker, John Buchanan, David Sidwell,\\nThomas Mills, Charles Lea, John Brady, John Matthas, D. Wright, Robert Story,\\nHenry Golden, John Howard, John Anderson, John Johnson, Nicholas Mercer.\\nWilliam Handley, Frederick Stump, William Wright, Samuel Blair, Samuel\\nSmith, Thomas Jackson, E. Smith, Samuel Morton, William Halliday, John\\nSmith, William Barnard, F. Ashmore, John Lloyd, Jacob Jones, Jacob Winfred,\\nR. Balaman, George Bagby, N. Barnet, Mark^ Jones, John Mitchell, John Fuller,\\nSen., John Fuller, Jr., R. Howard, 2L Lamar, Sem, M. Custino. R. Gil-\\ngore, James Aycock, George Ne als, Sen., Moses Perkins, Jeremiah Cloud\\nNoah_Cloud, Thos. Hooper, Thomas Waters, George Simson, Andrew Brown,\\nWm. Dicks, William Thomas, Samuel Whitaker, Jacob Bowes, A. Williams, E.\\nWilmore, Benjamin Browne.\\nAugust 24. 1774.\\nREVOLUTIONARY INCIDENT.\\nWe extract the following from the Georgia Gazette, of 1774\\nThis day a respectable body of the Sons of Liberty marched from this place to\\nNew Richmond, in South Carolina, in order to pay a visit to Thomas Browne\\nand William Thompson, Esqs., two young gentlemen lately from England, for\\ntheir having publicly and otherwise expressed themselves enemies to the mea-\\nsures now adopted for the support of American liberty, and signing an associa-\\ntion to that effect; besides their using their utmost endeavours to inflame the\\nminds of the people and to persuade them to associate and be of their opinion.\\nBat upon their arrival they found the said Thompson, like a traitor, had run away\\nand the said Thomas Browne being requested in civil terms to come to Augusta,\\nto try to clear himself of such accusations, daringly repeated that he was not, nor\\nwould be answerable to them or any other of them for his conduct, whereupon\\nthey politely escorted him into Augusta, where they presented him with a genteel\\nand fashionable suit of tar and feathers, and afterwards had him exhibited in a cait\\nfromthe head of Augusta to Mr.Weatherford s, where outof humanity they had him\\ntaken proper care of for that night; and on the next morning, he, the said Thomas\\nBrowne, having publicly declared upon his honour and consented voluntarily to\\nswear that he repented for his past conduct, and that he would for the future, at\\nthe hazard of his life and fortune, protect and support the rights and liberties of\\nAmerica, and saying that the said Thompson had misled him, and that therefore\\nhe would use his utmost endeavours to have his name taken from the association", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0678.jp2"}, "673": {"fulltext": "RICHMOND COUNTY. 607\\nhe had signed as aforesaid and further, that he would do all in his power to dis-\\ncountenance the proceedings of a set of men in the Ninety-sixth District in South\\nCarolina, called Fletc hall s Party; upon which the said Browne was then discharged,\\nand complimented with a horse and chair to ride home. But the said Thomas\\nBrowne that time having publicly forfeited his honour, and violated the oath vol-\\nuntarily taken as aforesaid, is therefore not to be considered for the future in the\\nlight of a gentleman, and they, the said Thomas Browne and William Thompson,\\nare hereby published as persons inimical to the rights and liberties of America:\\nand it is hoped all good men will treat them accordingly.\\nN. B. The said Thomas Browne is now a little remarkable he wears his hair\\nvery short, and a handkerchief tied around his head, in order that his intellects\\nthis cold weather may not, be affected.\\nAugusta, Mh August, 1775.\\nWilliam Davis, for publicly declaring himself a foe to the Sons of Liberty, was\\nby order of this Committee drummed round the liberty tree three times, and is\\nalso published as a person inimical to the rights and liberties of America.\\nBy order of Committee.\\nJohn Willson, Secretary.\\nUNSUCCESSFUL ATTEMPT TO RETAKE AUGUSTA.\\nIn January, 1779, Augusta was taken by Colonel Campbell, but\\nevacuated by him on the 28th of February. It was again taken pos-\\nsession of by Colonel Thomas Browne, and an attempt to retake it\\nwas made by Colonel Elijah Clarke, in September, 1780. The de-\\ntails of the engagement that occurred on that occasion are given by\\nLieutenant-Colonel Lee, in his Memoirs of the War in the .Southern\\nDepartment of the United States, and by McCall, in his History of\\nGeorgia, from both of which we have drawn freely in the preparation\\nof the following article\\nWhen Georgia came into the hands of the enemy, many of her\\nbravest patriots found it necessary to retreat into other States. Among\\nthese was Colonel Elijah Clarke, who for a long time had been parti-\\ncularly anxious to expel Browne from Augusta, and retake the town.\\nHis arrangements had been made so suddenly and unexpectedly, that he\\nreached Augusta unobserved, and found the enemy unprepared for an\\nattack. Clarke halted before the town on the 14th of September, 1 780,\\nwith his command formed into three divisions the right commanded\\nby Lieutenant-Colonel McCall, the left by Major Samuel Taylor, and\\nthe centre by Clarke himself. The centre advanced towards the town\\nby the middle road, and the right and left by the lower and upper\\nroads. Near Hawks Creek, Taylor fell in with a body of Indians,\\nwho, after keeping up a desultory fire, retreated towards their allies.\\nHe pressed on, however, to get possession of what was called the\\nWhite House, one mile and a half west from the town. At this house\\nCaptain Johnson commanded a company of the King s Rangers, with\\nwhich a body of Indians was joined. The first intimation which\\nBrowne had of the advance of Clarke was his attack upon the camp.", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0679.jp2"}, "674": {"fulltext": "608 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nColonel Grierson was ordered to render assistance to Johnson, and\\nBrowne advanced to the scene of action, in person, with the main\\nbody. The garrisons of the enemy s forts were completely surprised\\nby Clarke s and McCall s divisions, and seventy prisoners, with the\\nIndian presents, fell into the hands of the Americans. In the mean-\\ntime, Browne joined Johnson at the White House. Clarke made\\nseveral unsuccessful efforts to dislodge the enemy. A fire was kept\\nup from eleven o clock until daylight, and strong guards were posted\\nto keep the enemy in check. During the night, Browne strengthened\\nhis position by throwing up works around the house. The next day\\ntwo pieces of artillery were placed in a position to bear upon the house,\\nbut they proved to be of little service. Captain Martin, the only ar-\\ntillerist attached to Clarke s division, was killed soon after the pieces\\nwere prepared. A firing continued during the day. On the night of\\nthe 15th, Browne was reinforced by fifty Cherokee Indians. On the\\n17th, Clarke summoned Browne to surrender, but his summons was\\nrejected. In the afternoon the same demand was made, and refused.\\nBrowne, immediately after Clarke s arrival at Augusta, had commu-\\nnicated his situation to Colonel Cruger, who lost no time in advancing\\nto his relief. Clarke persevered in his attempts to bring the enemy\\nto submission, but Browne continued to defend his post with obsti-\\nnacy, notwithstanding the difficulties of his position. He himself had\\nbeen shot through both thighs. The wounded were suffering for want\\nof medical aid, and were destitute of water, Clarke having succeeded\\nin depriving the garrison of a supply.\\nLee says of the emergency To remedy this menacing evil, Colo-\\nnel Browne ordered all the earthen vessels in the store to be taken, in\\nwhich the urine was preserved and when cold, it was -served out\\nwith much economy to the troops, himself taking the first draught.\\nDisregarding the torture of a wound in his leg, which had become much\\nswollen by exertion, he continued booted at the head of his small, gal-\\nlant band, directing his defence. He supported himself for four days,\\nwhen, the forces under Colonel Cruger having appeared on the oppo-\\nsite side of the river, Colonel Clarke withdrew, from a belief that all\\nfurther efforts to retake Augusta would be useless.\\nMcCall says, in relation to this affair, that the weakness occa-\\nsioned by the loss of men during the siege, and by the desertion\\nof those who preferred plunder to the honour and interest of their\\ncountry, compelled the Americans to raise the siege. The loss of\\nClarke was sixty killed and wounded. Among the killed were Cap-\\ntains Jourdine, William Martin, William Luckie, and Major Carter,\\nadjutant to Colonel Clarke, (father of Parish Carter, Esq.,) of Bald-\\nwin County. He was killed, whilst endeavouring to prevent the\\nenemy gaining possession of the White House. Clarke remarked of\\nhim, that a man of more bravery than Major Carter never occupied\\na space between heaven and earth.\\nThose of the Americans whose wounds would not allow them to be\\nremoved, were left in the town. Captain Ashy, with twenty-eight oth-\\ners, fell into the hands of the enemy. He and twelve of the wounded", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0680.jp2"}, "675": {"fulltext": "RICHMOND COUNTY. 609\\nprisoners were hanged on the staircase of the White House. Henry\\nDuke, John Burgamy, Scott Reeden, Jordan Ricketson, and others,\\nwere also hanged. All this was mercy, compared to what others suffer-\\ned. They were delivered to the Indians, who formed a circle, and placed\\nthe prisoners in the centre. Some were thrown into the fires, and others\\nroasted to death. Notwithstanding the assurances of Browne, con-\\ntained in his letter on page 614, we are compelled to believe McCall,\\nwho says, that at the time he wrote, the record of these transactions\\nwas before him, from the pens of British officers who were present,\\nwho exultingly communicated it to their friends in Savannah, Charles-\\nton, and London.\\nSIEGE AND SURRENDER OF AUGUSTA.\\nThe compiler has met with several descriptions of the siege of\\nAugusta, but upon the whole, he thinks the one prepared by Lee, in\\nhis Memoirs, is much the best, and, therefore, presents the reader\\nwith an abridgment of it.\\nUpon the arrival of General Henry Lee in the vicinity of Augusta,\\nin 1781, he learned that there had been recently received, at Fort\\nGalphin, the annual royal presents for the Indians, consisting of\\npowder, ball, small arms, salt, blankets, c, articles very much\\nwanted by the army, which he determined, if possible, to secure.\\nLeaving Major Eaton behind with his battalion, he advanced to Fort\\nGalphin, and, assisted by Captain Rudolph, took possession of the\\nfort, with the Indian presents, having lost but one man, from the heat\\nof the weather. Lieutenant-Colonel Lee resting his troops for a few\\nhours, detached Major Egleston with his horse, to pass the river below\\nAugusta, with instructions, after acquainting himself with Browne s\\nsituation, to demand a surrender. With these orders Egleston com-\\nplied, but to his demand made to Browne no reply was made.\\nIn the evening, Lee joined Egleston, Pickens, and Clarke in the\\nwoods west of Augusta. In the centre of the town stood Fort\\nCornwallis. On the northwestern border of a lagoon, half a mile up\\nthe river, was Fort Grierson. The first attempt, upon the part of\\nthe Americans, was to drive Grierson out of his fort, and to destroy\\nor intercept him in his retreat to Fort Cornwallis. The arrange-\\nments for this being made, the several commanders proceeded to the\\npoints assigned them. Grierson s resistance was soon overpowered,\\nhimself, with his Major, and many of his garrison, killed, and several\\ntaken prisoners.\\nGrierson was killed after his surrender, and although a large re-\\nward was offered to detect the murderers, no discovery could be\\nmade. Colonel Browne then applied himself to strengthening his\\nposition. In the skirmish against Fort Grierson, Major Eaton was\\nkilled. On the banks of the Savannah River, south of the lagoon,\\nthere was a large brick building belonging to one who had joined\\nBrowne. Here Colonel Lee took post. General Pickens occupied,\\nthe woods on the left of the enemy.\\n39", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0681.jp2"}, "676": {"fulltext": "610 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nFort Cornwallis was not far from the Savannah River, the shelter\\nof whose banks afforded a safe route to the American troops, and it\\nwas determined to commence works in that quarter towards the left\\nand rear of the enemy. These works had advanced to the desired\\nstate, but as the surrounding ground offered no swell or hill which\\nwould enable the Americans to bring their six-pounders to bear upon\\nthe enemy, it was determined to erect a Mayham Tower. Perceiving\\nthat his enemy s works were progressing rapidly, Browne fell upon\\nthem on the night of the 28th of May with such vigour, that he\\ndrove the guard before him, but was compelled afterwards to take\\nshelter in his fort, Captain Handy coming up with his support. On\\nthe next night, Browne renewed his attempt, and for a long time the\\nstruggle was violent, but Captain Rudolph, by the bayonet, drove him\\nwithin the fort.\\nOn the 30th, at evening, the erection of the Mayham Tow T er was\\ncommenced, and in the course of the night and ensuing day it was\\nbrought nearly on a level with the enemy s parapet, the adjacent\\nworks in the meantime being vigorously pushed on. Pickens and\\nLee knowing that Browne would endeavour to destroy this tower,\\ndoubly manned the lines in that quarter, and drew up Handy s division\\nof infantry, to support the militia. To the defence of the tower one\\ncompany of musketry was exclusively applied. Not more than a\\nthird of the night had passed when Browne renewed his attempt\\nupon the river quarter, but meeting a gallant reception from\\nRudolph, he fell upon the American works in the rear. Here the\\nmilitia of Pickens contended with vigour, but at last, at the point of\\nthe bayonet, were forced out of the trenches. Handy coming up with\\nhis main body, turned upon the victors, and drove them into their\\nfort. Upon this occasion the loss on both sides exceeded all which\\nhad occurred during the siege.\\nColonel Browne now determined on resorting to stratagem. There\\nwas contiguous an old wooden house, under cover of which the tower\\nhad been commenced, and which the besiegers had omitted to pull\\ndown. Browne resolved, if possible, to burn this house, with a\\nhope that the fire would communicate to the tower, and consume\\nthat also. A deserter was sent to Colonel Lee by Colonel Browne,\\nand upon being questioned upon many subjects, he replied that the\\ntower gave the Americans such an advantage, that if improved, it\\nwould force Browne to surrender. The deserter suggested that the\\neffect of Lee s cannonade could be increased by directing it to the\\nspot in the fort where all the powder was deposited. The suggestion\\nwas considered a good one, and the deserter, upon the assurance of\\na large reward, promised to give his aid in execution of it.\\nReflecting, however, in the course of the night, upon the statement\\nof the deserter, Lee became uneasy, and finally ordered him to be re-\\nmoved from the tower, where he had been placed. In the morning\\nit was observed that three or four deserted houses which stood be-\\ntween Lee s quarters and the fort, and from the upper stories of\\nwhich riflemen might be employed with effect, had been burnt by", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0682.jp2"}, "677": {"fulltext": "RICHMOND COUNTY. 611\\nBrowne. Orders were given to make the assault against the enemy;\\nand the American commanders wishing, if possible, to save the effu-\\nsion of blood, dispatched a flag on the 3d of June, demanding a sur-\\nrender, but Colonel Browne repeated his determination to defend his\\npost. He, however, the next day offered to surrender, after dis-\\ncussing the conditions for twenty-four hours, and at eight o clock on\\nthe morning of the 5th of June, the British garrison marched out,\\nColonel Browne being placed under the special care of Captain\\nArmstrong. During a short interview which Browne had with Lee,\\nhe informed him that the soldier who had proposed to aid in the\\ndirection of his cannon was no deserter that he had been sent ex-\\npressly to burn the tower.\\nGardner, in his Anecdotes, says, I have often heard the gallant\\nArmstrong declare that he never had, in his own opinion, encountered\\nequal peril with that he experienced on this trying occasion. At\\nevery turn preparation was made for death. In every individual who\\napproached, was seen the eager wish to destroy. Resentment was ex-\\ncited to the highest pitch, and called aloud to be appeased by blood.\\nThe following is the correspondence between the American com-\\nmanders at Augusta and Colonel Browne, arranging the preliminaries\\nof a surrender\\nBrigadier Pickens and Lieutenant- Colonel Lee to Lieutenant- Colonel\\nBrowne.\\nAugusta, May 31, 1781.\\nSir The usage of war renders it necessary that we present you with an op-\\nportunity of avoiding the destruction which impends your garrison.\\nWe have deferred our summons to this late date, to preclude the necessity of\\nmuch correspondence on the occasion. You see the strength of the invading\\nforces, the progress of our works and you may inform yourself of the situation of\\nthe two armies by inquiries from Captain Armstrong, of the Legion, who has the\\nhonour to bear this.\\nLieutenant- Colonel Browne in answer to Pickens and Lee.\\nGentlemen What progress you have made in your works I am no stranger\\nto. It is my duty and inclination to defend this place to the last extremity.\\nPickens and Lee to Lieutenant- Colonel Browne.\\nAugusta, June 3, 1781.\\nSir It is not our disposition to press the unfortunate. To prevent the effu-\\nsion of blood, which must follow perseverance in your fruitless resistance, we\\ninform you we are willing, though in the grasp of victory, to grant such terms as\\na comparative view of our respective situations can warrant.\\nYour determination will be considered as conclusive, and will regulate our con-\\nduct.", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0683.jp2"}, "678": {"fulltext": "612 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nLieutenant- Colonel Browne to Pickens and Lee.\\nFort Cornwallis, June 3, 1781.\\nGentlemen: I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your summons\\nof this day, and to assure you, that as it is my duty, it is likewise my inclination\\nto defend the post to the last extremity.\\nPickens and Lee to Lieutenant- Colonel Browne.\\nHeadquarters, June 4, 1781.\\nSir We beg leave to propose that the prisoners in your possession may be\\nsent out of the fort, and that they may be considered yours or ours as the siege\\nmay terminate.\\nConfident that you cannot refuse the dictate of humanity and custom of war,\\nwe have only to say that any request from you of a similar nature will meet our\\nassent.\\nLieutenant- Colonel Browne to Pickens and Lee.\\nGentlemen Though motives of humanity, and a feeling for the distresses o(\\nindividuals, incline me to accede to what you have proposed concerning the pri-\\nsoners witli us, yet many reasons to which you cannot be strangers forbid my\\ncomplying with this requisition.\\nSuch attention as I can show, consistenly with good policy and my duty, shall\\nbe shown to them.\\nLieutenant- Colonel Browne to Pickens and Lee.\\nGentlemen In your summons of the 3d instant, no particular conditions were\\nspecified I postponed the consideration of it to this day.\\nFrom a desire to lessen the distresses of war to individuals, I am inclined to\\npropose to you my acceptance of the inclosed terms, which, being pretty similar\\nto those granted to the commanding officers of the American troops and garrison\\nin Charleston, I imagine will be honourable to both parties.\\nPickens and Lee to Lieutenant- Colonel Browne.\\nJune 5, 1781.\\nSir There was a time when your proposals of this day ought to have been ac-\\ncepted. That period is now passed. You had every notice from us, and must\\nhave known the futility of your further opposition.\\nAlthough we would be justified by the military law of both armies to demand\\nunconditional submission, our sympathy for the unfortunate and gallant of our pro-\\nfession has induced us to grant the honourable terms which we herewith transmit.\\nLieutenant- Colonel Browne to Pickens and Lee.\\nGentlemen Your proposition relative to the officers of the King s troops and\\nmilitia being admitted to their paroles, and the exclusion of the men, is a matter\\nI cannot accede to. The conditions I have to propose to you are, that such of the\\ndifferent classes of men who compose this garrison be permitted to march to Savan-\\nnah, or continue in the country, as to them may be most eligible, until exchanged.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0684.jp2"}, "679": {"fulltext": "RICHMOND COUNTY. J13\\nPickens and Lee to Lieutenant- Colonel Browne.\\nJune 5, 1781.\\nSir In our answer of this morning, we granted the most generous terms in\\nour power to give, which we beg leave to refer to as final on our part.\\nLieutenant- Colonel Browne to Pickens and Lee.\\nGentlemen As some of the articles proposed by you are generally ex\\npressed, I have taken the liberty of deputing three gentlemen to wait upon you\\nfor a particular explanation of the respective articles.\\nArticles of Capitulation proposed by Lieutenant- Colonel Thomas Browne,\\nand answered by General Pickens and Lieutenant- Colonel Lee.\\nArticle 1. That all acts of hostilities and works shall cease between the be-\\nsiegers and the besieged until the articles of capitulation shall be agreed to.\\nAnswer. Hostilities shall cease for one hour; other operations to continue.\\nArticle 2. That the fort shall be surrendered to the commanding officer of the\\nAmerican troops, such as it now stands. That the King s troops, three days after\\nsigning the articles of capitulation, shall be conducted to Savannah, with their\\nbaggage, where they will remain prisoners of war until they are exchanged.\\nThat proper conveyances shall be provided by the commanding officer of the\\nAmerican troops for that purpose, together with a sufficient quantity of good and\\nwholesome provisions, till their arrival at Savannah.\\nAnswer. Inadmissible. The prisoners to surrender field prisoners of war the\\nofficers to be indulged with their paroles the soldiers to be conducted to such\\nplace as the Commander-in-Chief shall direct.\\nArticle 3. The militia now in garrison shall be permitted to return to their\\nrespective homes, and be secured in their persons and properties.\\nAnsioer. Answered by the second article, the militia making part of the gar-\\nrison.\\nArticle 4. The sick and wounded shall be under the care of their own sur-\\ngeons, and be supplied with such medicines and necessaries as are allowed to\\nthe British hospitals.\\nAnswer.- Agreed.\\nArticle 5. The officers of the garrison, and citizens who have borne arms\\nduring the siege, shall keep their side-arms, pistols, and baggage, which shall not\\nbe searched, and retain their servants.\\nAnswer. The officers and citizens who have borne arms during the siege shall\\nbe permitted their side-arms, private baggage, and servants their side-arms\\nnot to be worn, and the baggage to be searched by a person appointed for that\\npurpose.\\nArticle 6. The garrison, at an hour appointed, shall march out with\\nshouldered arms, and drums beating, to a place agreed on, where they will pile\\ntheir arms.\\nAnswer. Agreed. The judicious and gallant defence made by the garrison en-\\ntitles them to every mark of military respect. The fort to be delivered up to", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0685.jp2"}, "680": {"fulltext": "614 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nCaptain Rudolph, at twelve o clock, who will take possession with a detachment\\nof the Legion Infantry.\\nArticle 7. That the citizens shall be protected in their persons and properties.\\nAnswer. Inadmissible.\\nArticle 8. That twelve months shall be allowed to all such as do not choose\\nto reside in this country, to dispose of their effects, real and personal, in this\\nProvince, without any molestation whatever, or to remove to any part thereof,\\nas they may choose, as well themselves as families.\\nAnswer. Inadmissible.\\nArticle 9. That the Indian families now in garrison shall accompany the\\nKing s troops to Savannah, where they will remain prisoners of war until ex-\\nchanged for an equal number of prisoners in the Creek or Cherokee nations.\\nAnswer. Answered in the second article.\\nArticle 10. That an express be permitted to go to Savannah with the com-\\nmanding officer s dispatches, which are not to be opened.\\nAnswer. Agreed.\\nArticle 11. (Additional.) The particular attention of Colonel Browne is ex-\\npected towards the just delivery of all public stores, moneys, c, and that no\\nloans be permitted to defeat the spirit of this article.\\nSigned, at Headquarters, Augusta, June 5, 1781, by\\nAndrew Pickens, Brig. Militia.\\nHenry Lee, Lieut.-Colonel, Commander V. L.\\nThomas Browne,\\nLieut.-Colonel, Commander of the King s Troops at Augusta.\\nThe following letter was addressed to Dr. David Ramsey by Colo-\\nnel Browne, and presented by the daughters of the former to the\\nCharleston Library. We give it insertion that our readers may have\\na fair example of the specious manner in which Colonel Browne at-\\ntempted to justify himself for his cruelties\\nSir The publication of an extract from your History of the Revolution of\\nSouth Carolina, highly injurious to my reputation as an officer and a man of hu-\\nmanity, induces me to address this letter to you.\\nHaving professed yourself an advocate for truth, uninfluenced by passion, pre-\\njudice, or party spirit, you declare that, embracing every opportunity of obtain\\ning genuine information, you have asserted nothing but what you believed to be\\nfact.\\nIf I am to credit these professions, I must believe, sir, that no party motive\\nwould tempt you to defame the reputation of an individual, or advance the repu-\\ntation of your country at the expense of your own.\\nThe scandalous imputations, therefore, thrown upon my humanity, must be im-\\nputed to the malignity of some wretch as devoid of honour as of truth, who attempts\\nto acquire fame by ruining that of others. Conscious of the rectitude of my in-\\ntentions, although I may have erred in judgment, the censure or praise of an un-\\nprincipled person, who has wilfully misrepresented facts, and wantonly departed\\nfrom truth, ought to be indifferent to me yet the duty I owe to the officers and", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0686.jp2"}, "681": {"fulltext": "RICHMOND COUNTY. 615\\nmen serving under me, and a reverence for the opinion of the world, which often\\njudges from caprice or common report, prompt me to state to you an account of\\nthe material transactions on which these charges are founded, lest my silence\\nmight be imputed to a consciousness of merited reproach. A civil war being\\none of the greatest evils incident to human society, the history of every contest\\npresents us with instances of wanton cruelty and barbarity. Men whose passions\\nare inflamed by mutual injuries, exasperated with personal animosity against\\neach other, and eager to gratify revenge, often violate the laws of war and prin-\\nciples of humanity.\\nThe American war exhibits many dreadful examples of wanton outrages, com-\\nmitted by both parties, disgraceful to human nature. From the commencement\\nof the war, in the limited sphere in which I acted, it was my duty, and the first\\nwish of my heart, to carry it on agreeably to the rules which humanity formed to\\nalleviate its attendant calamities. The criminal excesses of individuals were\\nnever warranted by authority, nor ever obtained the sanction of my approbation.\\nCould violations of humanity be justified by example, the cruelties exercised\\non my person by a lawless Committee, in the wanton abuse of power, might have\\njustified the severest vengeance; but, esteeming it more honourable to forgive\\nthan to revenge an injury to those men who had treated me with the most merci-\\nless cruelty, I granted protection and safeguards to such as desired them. In the\\ndischarge of the duties of my profession, I can say with truth, I never deviated\\nfrom the line of conduct the laws of war and humanity prescribed. In your His-\\ntory of the Revolution of South Carolina, you have been pleased to form a different\\njudgment. From what source you have obtained your information relative to\\nthe circumstances of General Screven s death, I cannot pretend to determine;\\nbut give me leave to say, not from an advocate for truth, uninfluenced by passion,\\nprejudice, or party spirit. So malicious a representation requires a brief detail\\nof the truth. The frontier of East Florida being exposed to the incursions of the\\nGeorgia Militia, a party from the districts of Newport and Midway entered the\\nProvince, plundered and destroyed every house and plantation on St. Mary s\\nRiver, and carried off all the inhabitants prisoners, without distinction of age or\\nsex. The garrison of St. Augustine being reduced to great difficulties by an ex-\\ntreme scarcity of provisions. General Prevost was under the necessity of detach-\\ning Colonel Prevost, with a party of light troops, to collect cattle in the settle-\\nments of Midway and Newport. With this detachment I had the honour of\\nserving. To enable this light corps to forage with greater effect and security, a\\nparty was ordered by the inland navigation, under the command of Colonel\\nFuser, to present itself before Sunbury, to divert the attention of the Americans\\nfrom us to its security.\\nAfter various skirmishes with the Americans near Midway, our spies brought\\nintelligence that their army, said to consist of nine hundred men. under the com-\\nmand of General Screven and Colonel White, was on its march to attack us.\\nColonel Fuser ordered me to reconnoitre the position and movements of the\\nAmericans, and if possible to harass them on their march. The country being\\nfull of swamps and difficult passes, I selected thirty-two men from the regiment I\\ncommanded, to whose spirit and activity I could trust. About a mile in front of\\nour camp, the ground being particularly favourable to my purpose, an ambuscade", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0687.jp2"}, "682": {"fulltext": "616 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nwas formed in a thicket. General Screven and Colonel White harangued their\\nmen to prepare for action. After finishing their harangue, I ordered my party to\\nfire. General Screven and a Captain Struthers fell. The Americans, I pre-\\nsume, mistaking this for our whole force, instantly retreated. The General (Scre-\\nven) being grievously wounded, was treated with tenderness and humanity. He\\nhad the character of a brave, worthy man. I sincerely felt for his misfortune,\\nand ordered him to be conveyed to our camp, where every attention was paid to\\nhim by Colonel Prevost, and every assistance given to him by our surgeons.\\n(Vol. ii., page 2.)\\nWith respect to the devastations you complain of, I shall decline the ungrateful\\ntask of justifying the loyalists on St. Mary s River retaliating on the property of\\nsuch of the militia of Newport and Midway as had previously destroyed theirs,\\nand dragged their families into captivity. I only wish to call to your remem-\\nbrance the generous invitation of the Governor and Council of Georgia, by the\\nproclamation, to all the friends of liberty and independence in and throughout\\nthe United States of America/ to come and partake of the plunder of East\\nFlorida for which purpose, they had nothing to do but to repair to the camp in\\nBurke County, where provisions and ammunition would be supplied gratis, and\\nfrom thence march, under the command of the Governor of the State, by whom\\nevery encouragement would be given, and all captures free plunder.\\nThe account you have obtained relative to the death and sufferings of McCoy\\nand his confederates, in Carolina, is equally delusive. After the reduction of\\nCharleston by Sir Henry Clinton, I was detached by Brigadier-General Clarke\\nto Augusta. On our march, the Carolinians of the districts near Savannah River\\nvoluntarily took the oaths of allegiance, and received protection. Among the\\nnumber, one McCoy, a young man of a character notoriously infamous, applied\\nfor protection.\\nHis mother, from a knowledge of the character he bore, accompanied him,\\nand promised she would be responsible for his future conduct he received pro-\\ntection, and was told if he persisted in plundering and destroying the peaceable\\ninhabitants, he would receive no favour. About twelve months subsequent to\\nthis period, numbers of Carolinians who had received protection, formed them-\\nselves into plundering parties, under the command of a Captain McCoy, robbed\\nand murdered many of his Majesty s peaceable and loyal subjects, and attacked\\nthe guards of the public boats navigating the Savannah River, with provisions,\\nammunition, and clothing, for the garrisons of Ninety-six and Augusta. Having\\nreceived intelligence that the King s stores had been intercepted, I dispatched\\nLieutenant Kemp, of the King s Rangers, from Augusta, with ten soldiers and\\ntwenty militia, to pursue the plunderers.\\nHe engaged one Willie as a guide, a man who had taken the oath of alle-\\ngiance, and received protection this traitor conveyed information to McCoy of\\nKemp s force, design, and intended route, and led him into an ambuscade pre-\\nviously formed. The militia under the command of Kemp fled upon the first\\nfire; he and the soldiers, unable to resist a very superior force, surrendered them-\\nselves prisoners. Captain McCoy asked Kemp to join his party. On his refusal,\\nhe stripped and shot him. The same question was put to the soldiers; nine out\\nof the ten refused, and shared the same fate. The other joined them to save his", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0688.jp2"}, "683": {"fulltext": "RICHMOND COUNTY. 617\\nlife, and in a few days afterwards made his escape, and brought me intelligence\\nof the murder of Kemp and his men, and that Willie and young McCoy were the\\nmost active in putting them to death that the inhabitants in general had con-\\nverted their written protections into cockades, and had joined a Colonel Harden\\nthat the King s stores taken from the boats were distributed among the plun-\\nderers, and secreted in or near their houses. Apprehending a general revolt in\\nthat quarter of the country, I immediately marched from Augusta with one\\nhundred and seventy Indians, and was joined by four hundred militia. About\\nthirty miles from Black Swamp, Colonel Harden, about midnight, attacked our\\ncamp, and was repulsed. The militia under my command during the action\\ndeserted to a man, joined Colonel Harden, who, thus reinforced, at ten in the\\nmorning renewed the attack, but his men being totally without discipline, were\\ndefeated with considerable loss. Among the prisoners, Willie and young McCoy,\\nand eleven of Kemp s murderers, were taken. The identity of their persons,\\nand the fact being proved and confirmed by their own confession, they (Willie\\nexcepted) suffered on the gallows and the houses of the plunderers where the\\nKing s stores were secreted, were ordered to be burnt. Although I lamented\\nthe necessity of having recourse to these extremities, a necessity created by\\nthemselves, I am persuaded, on a similar occasion, Dr. Ramsey would have done\\nthe same. Willie, Kemp s guide, experienced a different fate. An Indian chief,\\na friend of Kemp, on learning from the soldiers that Willie was the man who\\nhad betrayed and murdered his friend, immediately killed him with his toma-\\nhawk. This is the only outrage, if it ought to be called one, ever committed by\\nany Indians under my command, and of which you have been pleased to give\\nso truly a tragical and melancholy narrative. After so pathetic a display of\\nyour descriptive talents, how ample a field for your fertile genius, without a flight\\ninto the regions of fiction, will the Indian expedition of General Pickens afford\\nyou such a scene of devastation and horror Thirteen villages destroyed\\nMen, women, and children thrown into the flames, impaled alive, or butchered\\nin cold blood How different the conduct of those you style savages Not an\\noutrage was committed on the reduction of Fort Howe, in Georgia on that\\nservice three-fourths of that detachment consisted of Indians, and the fort was\\ncarried by assault; half of the officers with me killed or wounded; yet the\\nIndians, less savage than their adversaries, [the MS. is here defaced, but I make\\nout that they, the Indians, were touched at the sight of a defenceless enemy.]\\nThe account you have obtained of the events at Augusta is, I must confess,\\nas well adapted to the prejudices of the weak, as the credulity of the ignorant.\\nYour very honourable and genuine informer, with a truly patriotic spirit, dis-\\ndains to charge his memory with transactions that might stain the reputation of\\nyour arms or it was not convenient to his purpose to remember the shameful\\nviolation of the capitulation of Augusta, the horrid cruelties exercised on the\\nprisoners, the barbarous murder of Colonel Grierson, and others, with the bloody\\nachievements of Colonels Dun,* Burnett, and Dooly, previous to the siege. In\\neither case, it will not be amiss to refresh his memory with the following narra-\\ntive The port of Augusta being invested and besieged near three months,\\nSixty peaceable loyalists on the ceded lands were murdered in their own houses in\\nthe course of a week by these execrable ruffians.", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0689.jp2"}, "684": {"fulltext": "618 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nwas surrendered by capitulation. From Colonel Lee, who commanded the Con-\\ntinental Legion, a gentleman of the most honourable and liberal sentiments, and\\nfrom his officers, the King s troops experienced every security and attention\\nfrom the militia, under a General Pickens, every species of abuse and insult.\\nColonel Lee and his officers exerted themselves in an uncommon degree, and\\ntook every possible precaution to protect the prisoners from violence. The King s\\nRangers were paroled, and quartered at a gentleman s house, with a guard of\\nContinental dragoons, under the command of Captain Armstrong. The militia\\nprisoners were confined to a stockade fort, where General Pickens and his militia\\nwere quartered. After Colonel Lee marched from Augusta, Colonel Grierson,\\nwho had rendered himself peculiarly obnoxious to the enemy by his spirited and\\nunwearied exertions in the cause of his country, was under the custody of the\\nmain guard, about ten paces from General Pickens quarters. His spirit and un-\\nshaken loyalty in every change of fortune, marked him out as a proper victim to\\nsacrifice to their savage resentment. One of General Pickens men, named\\nJames Alexander,* entered the room where he was confined with his three chil-\\ndren, shot him through the body, and returned unmolested by the sentinel posted\\nat the door, or the main guard. He was afterwards stripped, and his clothes di-\\nvided among the soldiers, who, having exercised upon his dead body all the rage\\nof the most horrid brutality, threw it into a ditch without the fort. Thus fell the\\nbrave, unfortunate Colonel Grierson, a man high in the estimation of his country,\\nvalued by his acquaintances, beloved by his friends not by the shot of an unseen\\nmarksman, but under the eye of General Pickens, by the hand of a bloody, sanc-\\ntioned, and protected villain, in shameful violation of a solemn capitulation.\\nAfter the murder of Colonel Grierson, another execrable villain named Shields,\\n(an unseen marksman,) the same day, in the same fort, under the eye of General\\nPickens, in the presence of his officers, without interruption from the sentries or\\nguards, called Major Williams, of the Georgia Militia, to the door of the prison,\\nand shot him through the body. These outrages served only as a prelude to a\\nconcerted plan for murdering all the prisoners. To execute this diabolical de-\\nsign, a hundred of General Pickens unseen marksmen, accompanied by three colo-\\nnels, marched with drawn swords to the quarters of the King s Rangers. Cap-\\ntain Armstrong being informed of their intention, threatened, and ordered his\\nguards to oppose them if they advanced. Then, addressing himself to the King s\\nRangers, he told them, that if attacked, to consider themselves released from\\ntheir paroles, and defend themselves. The determined spirit of Captain Arm-\\nstrong and Major Washington, who were present, struck such a terror into these\\nruffians, that, apprehending an obstinate resistance, they instantly retired.\\nEnraged at the repetition of such abominable outrages by this band of assassins,\\nnot yet satiated with blood, I wrote to General Pickens, reproaching him with a\\nviolation of the articles of capitulation, in defiance of every principle of honour\\nTarlton Brown, a respectable inhabitant of Barnwell District, says Dr. John-\\nson, in his Traditions and Reminiscences of the American Revolution, published in\\n1843, gives the first direct information on this subject. He confirms McCall s intima-\\ntion by the following words Captain Alexander shooting Grierson for his villanous\\nconduct in the country. He had exposed his prisoners, among whom was the father\\nof Captain James Alexander, to the fire of their relatives and friends, for the purpose of\\nscreening his men from the besiegers.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0690.jp2"}, "685": {"fulltext": "RICHMOND COUNTY. 619\\nand good faith, and informed him, that the officers and men, having acted by my\\norders, ought to be exempted from violence and if it was his determination that\\nI should share the fate of Colonel Grierson. he would at least find that a man, con-\\nscious of having faithfully discharged his duty to his king and country, would meet\\nhis fate with indifference.\\nThe prisoners shortly afterwards embarked for Savannah, under the charge of\\nMajor Washington, who, apprehending the commission of further outrages, dis-\\ntributed the guards among the different boats. By this precaution, the different\\ndetachments from General Pickens 7 camp, who had taken post on the banks of\\nthe river, were prevented, after repeated attempts, from firing into the boats.\\nYour account of a skirmish between General Wayne s army and a party of\\nmilitia and dragoons, consisting of fifty men, who composed the advance of a\\nsmall detachment I had the honour to command, I presume is taken from General\\nWayne s hyperbolical report to the Congress. As this buckram feat is altogether\\na fancy piece, it does not merit a comment.\\nI have the honour to be, Sir,\\nYour most obedient, humble servant,\\nThomas Browne.\\nNassau, Bahamas, Dec. 25, 1786.\\nColonel Browne was tried for forgery, in the City of London, m\\n1812, and found guilty. The following are the circumstances of\\nthe case In 1809, he represented to the British Government that\\nhe had a large gang of negroes, which he had nurtured with par-\\nticular care, and had succeeded in reducing them to such domestic\\nhabits, that they multiplied as fast as, by the course of nature, they\\nwould die off and he prayed for an allotment of the crown lands in\\nthe Island of St. Vincent s. It was thought he had claims upon the\\nEnglish Government, having suffered as an American loyalist and a\\ngrant was made to him of six thousand acres. It was subsequently\\ndiscovered that a part of these lands had been granted to other occu-\\npants, who held at the will of the crown and as they had expended\\ntheir money in reducing the land to a state of cultivation, it was\\nthought unjust to expel them, and they therefore were allowed to\\npurchase, which was done to the amount of \u00c2\u00a360,000. But in or-\\nder to indemnify Colonel Browne for his disappointment, government\\ngave him half of the money, \u00c2\u00a330,000, which was considered a muni-\\nficent recompense. It happened, however, shortly afterwards, in the\\nyear 1810, that Sir Charles Brisbane, the Governor of St. Vincent s,\\nreceived a despatch, under the official seal of the Secretary of State s\\noffice, directing him to make a grant of the same quantity of land\\nwhich had been deducted from the six thousand acres originally\\ngranted to Colonel Browne, which direction purported to be by order\\nof the Lords of the Treasury, and was signed by Mr. Jenkinson,\\nthe Under Secretary of State. A discussion, however, ensuing with\\nColonel Browne s agent, the government thought proper to send home\\nfor instructions, when it was discovered that the whole was a forgery,", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0691.jp2"}, "686": {"fulltext": "620 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nno such orders having ever issued from the Secretary of State s\\noffice in England.\\nHow Colonel Browne got possession of the seal of the office could\\nnot be stated but it was proved that the papers were written, all but\\nthe signatures, in the office of Mr. Stevens, a law stationer in Chan-\\ncery Lane.\\nRATIFICATION OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION.\\nOn the second of January, 1788, the Federal Constitution was rati-\\nfied in the town of Augusta, in the words following\\nState of Georgia, in Convention,\\nWednesday, Jan. 2, 1788. f\\nWe, the delegates of the people of the State of Georgia, in Convention met,\\nhaving taken into our serious consideration the Federal Constitution agreed upon\\nand proposed by the Deputies of the United States in General Convention, held\\nia the City of Philadelphia, on the 17th day of September, in the year of our\\nLord 1 787, have assented to, ratified, and adopted, and by these presents do, in\\nvirtue of the powers and authority to us given by the people of the said State for\\nthat purpose, for and in behalf of ourselves and our constituents, fully and entirely\\nissent to, ratify, and adopt the said Constitution, which is hereunto annexed, un-\\nler the great seal of the State.\\nDone in Convention, at Augusta, in the said State, on the 2d day of January,\\n783, and of the Independence of the United States the 12th.\\nIn witness whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our names.\\nJohn Wereat,\\nPresident and Delegate from the County of Richmond.\\nWilliam Stephens, _,\\nChatham.\\nEffingham.\\nJoseph Habersham,\\nJenkin Davis,\\nN. Brownson,\\nEdward Telfair, i\\nH. Todd, BwrU\\nWilliam Few,\\nT -v. Richmond.\\nJames McNeil, y\\nGeorge Matthews.\\nFlorence Sullivan, Wilh\\nJohn King,\\nJames Powell,\\nJohn Elliott, V Liberty.\\nJames Maxwell,\\nGeorge Handley,\\nChristopher Hillary, y Glynn\\nJ. Milton,", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0692.jp2"}, "687": {"fulltext": "RICHMOND COUNTY. 621\\nHenry Osborne,\\nJames Seagrove, Camden.\\nJacob Weed,\\nJared Irwin, Tir 7\\n_ Washington.\\nJohn Rutherford,\\nRobert Christmas, 1\\nThomas Daniell, Greene.\\nR. Middleton,\\nAs the last name was signed to the ratification, a party of Colonel Armstrong s\\nregiment, quartered in the town, proclaimed the joyful tidings opposite the State\\nHouse, by thirteen discharges from two pieces of artillery.\\nVISIT OF GENERAL WASHINGTON TO AUGUSTA.\\nOn Wednesday, the 18th of May, 1791, George Washington, Presi-\\ndent of the United States, arrived in Augusta. The following items\\nconnected with this visit are taken from the Augusta Chronicle, May\\n21, 1791:\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nGovernment House,\\nAugusta, April 25, 1791.\\ngeneral order.\\nAmbrose Gordon, Esq., Major of the Richmond County regiment of militia,\\nwith not less than fourteen volunteers, is directed to hold himself in readiness\\nto march and escort the President of the United States to this place.\\nBy order of the. Commander-in-Chief.\\nJ. Meriwether, Sect.\\nGovernment House,\\nMay 9, 1791.\\nGENERAL order.\\nMajor Gordon is directed to march without delay with the escort ordered the\\n25th of April last, the nearest route to Savannah.\\nBy order of the Commander-in-Chief.\\nJ. Meriwether, Sect.\\nTuesday, May, 1791.\\nOrdered, That the State officers, together with General Twiggs and the Sheriff\\nof Richmond County, do assemble at the State House to-morrow morning, at\\neleven o clock, A. M., from whence they are to proceed in the following order of\\nprocession, to meet the President of the United States\\nThe Sheriff of Richmond County, General Twiggs, the Secretary of the State,\\nthe Governor s Secretary, His Excellency the Governor, Judge Walton, the Trea-\\nsurer, the Solicitor-General, the Attorney-General, the Surveyor-General, Clerk\\nof the House of Representatives, Secretary of the Senate.\\nOrdered, That the Artillery take post at the old fort, and upon the President s\\napproach to the town, to fire a salute of fifteen rounds.\\nJ. Meriwether, S. E. D.", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0693.jp2"}, "688": {"fulltext": "622 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nState House, i\\nAugusta, May 18, 1791-\\nThe officers having assembled agreeably to the order of yesterday, at eleven\\no clock set forward, accompanied by a numerous train of respectable citizens.\\nAt the distance of five miles from the town, the President of the United States\\nappeared in sight, when the procession halted, at ivhich time he alighted from\\nhis coach, mounted his horse, and advanced with Major Jackson and the federal\\nmarshal. His Excellency the Governor, at the same time, attended by the Sec-\\nretary of the State, moved forward, and after being announced, congratulated\\nthe President on his near approach to the residence of government. This.cere-\\nmony being ended, the procession was resumed, and the President conducted to\\nthe house provided for his reception. Wm. Urquhart, S. E. D.\\nState House,\\nAugusta, May 20, 1791.\\nTo the President of the United States of America\\nTHE ADDRESS OF THE EXECUTIVE OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA.\\nMy warm congratulations on your arrival at the residence of government in\\nthis State, are presented with a peculiar pleasure, as well as a feeling sensibility;\\nand I am persuaded that these emotions are perfectly congenial with those of my\\nfellow-citizens.\\nAfter the gratification felt from your presence among them, they will naturally\\ncontemplate the many unavoidable inconveniences arising in so arduous and\\nextensive a tour with the most solicitous anxiety. Not less impressed, my cordial\\nwishes shall accompany you through every stage on your return to the seat of\\ngovernment of the United States.\\nLong may you remain to fill the exalted station of Chief Magistrate of the\\nAmerican Republics, as the just reward of that patriotism which marked every\\nact of your life whilst engaged in the arduous struggles of a long and complicated\\nwar gave tone to the liberties of your country immortalized your name\\nthroughout the nations of the world, and created an unbounded confidence in\\nyour virtue, with the strongest attachment to your person and family, in the\\nminds of American citizens. Edward Telfair.\\nTo which the President of the United States was pleased to make the follow-\\ning answer:\\nTo his Excellency Governor Telfair:\\ng IR: _Obeying the impulse of a heartfelt gratitude, I express with particular\\npleasure my sense of the obligations which your Excellency s goodness, and the\\nkind regards of your citizens, have conferred upon me.\\nI shall always retain the most pleasing remembrance of the polite and hos-\\npitable attentions which I have received in my tour through Georgia, and during\\nmy stay at the residence of your government.\\nThe manner in which your Excellency is pleased to recognize my public ser-\\nvices, and to regard my private felicity, excites my sensibility and claims my\\ngrateful acknowledgment.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0694.jp2"}, "689": {"fulltext": "RICHMOND COUNTY. 623\\nYou will do justice to the sentiments which influence my wishes by believing\\nthat they are sincerely proffered for your personal happiness and the prosperity\\nof the State in which you preside.\\nGeorgk Washington.\\nTo the house in Broad street, prepared for his reception, the President was\\nconducted, under a discharge of artillery by Captain Howell. At four o clock he\\ndined with the Governor, where were present the Federal and State officers, and\\nothers. After dinner many toasts were given. The President s toast was, The\\nState of Georgia?\\nIn the evening Mrs. Telfair gave a ball to the ladies, at which the President\\nwas present a short time.\\nOn Thursday morning the citizens voted an address to the President, and which\\nis as follows:\\nTHE ADDRESS OF THE CITIZENS OF AUGUSTA.\\nTo the President of the United States of America\\nSir Your journey to the southward being extended to the frontier of the\\nUnion, affords a fresh proof of your indefatigable zeal in the service of your\\ncountry, and equal attention and regard to all the people of the United States.\\nWith these impressions, the citizens of Augusta present their congratulations\\nupon your arrival here in health, with the assurance that it will be their great-\\nest pleasure, during your stay with them, to testify the sincere affection they have\\nfor your person, their sense of obligation for your merits and for your services,\\nand their entire confidence in you as the Chief Magistrate of their country. On\\nyour return, and at all times, their best wishes will accompany you, while they\\nretain the hope that a life of virtue, benevolence, and patriotism, may be long\\npreserved for the benefit of the age and the example of posterity.\\n(Signed,) George Walton,\\nJohn Meals,\\nThomas Cumming,\\nPeter Carnes,\\nSeaborn Jones.\\nthe president s answer to the citizens of augusta.\\nGentlemen I receive your congratulations on my arrival in Augusta with\\ngreat pleasure. I am much obliged by your assurances of regard, and thank you,\\nwith unfeigned sincerity, for the favourable sentiments you are pleased to express\\ntowards me.\\nEntreating you to be persuaded of my gratitude, I desire to assure you that it\\nwill afford me the most sensible satisfaction to learn the progression of your pros-\\nperity. My best wishes for your happiness, collectively and individually, are\\nsincerely offered.\\nGeorge Washington.\\nAt half past four o clock, an elegant dinner having been provided by subscrip-\\ntion, the President dined with a large number of citizens at the Court-house,", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0695.jp2"}, "690": {"fulltext": "624 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nwhere also his Excellency the Governor was present. After dinner, the usual\\ntoasts were drank.\\nThe President s toast was, The State of Georgia, and prosperity to Augusta.\\nIn the evening, he attended a ball at the large room in the Academy, at\\nwhich was the largest number of ladies ever collected at this place. On Fri-\\nday, the President honoured the examination of the students at the Academy\\nwith his presence, and was pleased to express himself handsomely of their per-\\nformance; and in the afternoon again dined with his Excellency the Governor,\\nwith a select party and this morning crossed the river by the bridge on his\\nreturn under the salute of Major Gordon s horse and Captain Howell s artillery.\\nAt his entrance upon the bridge, his Excellency the Governor, the Federal and\\nState officers, paid their compliments, and took leave.\\nAt Augusta, December 12, 1793, a committee was appointed by\\nthe Legislature, to confer with the Adjutant-General of the State, as\\nto a procession in honour of the French Republicans. The follow-\\ning was the plan recommended\\nThat the volunteers of the City Artillery, a troop of cavalry, and a company\\nof Infantry, do repair to the battalion muster-ground, thence to march under the\\nstandard of the State to the House of Representatives, and in front thereof to sa-\\nlute the two branches with fifteen guns in honour of the State, thence to escort\\nthe Senate and Representatives to the State House in the following order, viz.\\nFour dragoons in front; next the musicians, next the infantry, and next one field-\\npiece then the Representatives then the Senators, marching by two, and then\\nthe President and Speaker then a field-piece then the troop of cavalry.\\nWhen arrived in front thereof, they will salute the Governor with fifteen guns.\\nA committee appointed for that purpose will then wait on his Excellency, and\\nconduct him down to the President of the Senate, who will address him suitable\\nto the day, and the Governor will reply thereto thence his Excellency will con-\\nduct them to a table with two wings, and spread with a collation, when he w-ill\\ntake his seat with the President on his right and the Speaker on his left hand, the\\nMajor-Generals, former Governor, and Chief Justice around, and the Representa-\\ntives, with the Brigadier-Generals, on the right wing, and the magistrates and\\nmen-at-arms on the left wing. During the repast, a general toast will be given\\nin honour of the French nation, answered with fifteen guns and three rounds of\\nmusketry, and all loyal toasts to be answered with musketry. The procession,\\nas before, will be conducted to the place of occupation, where all the legislators\\nwill resume their seats, and be saluted with fifteen guns.\\nA. C. Geo. Elholm.\\nDISTINGUISHED MEN.\\nColonel Samuel Hammond was the son of Charles Hammond,\\nand was born in Richmond County, Virginia, 21st of September,\\n1757. The feverish state of the times interfered with his education\\nand the Indians being troublesome on the Western frontiers, Ham-", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0696.jp2"}, "691": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0697.jp2"}, "692": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0698.jp2"}, "693": {"fulltext": "RICHMOND COUNTY. 625\\nmond joined an expedition against them, ordered out by Governor\\nDunmore. At the commencement of hostilities between the mother\\ncountry and her colonies, he raised a company of minute-men, at the\\nhead of which he commanded at the battle of Long Bridge, near\\nNorfolk. In 1779 he joined the army of General Lincoln, with the\\nrank of captain.\\nDuring Prevost s invasion, Captain Hammond was attached to the\\ncommand of Colonels Henderson and Malmudy, and with them was\\nengaged in the battle of Stono, in 1779, and several previous skir-\\nmishes.\\nHe was also at the siege of Savannah in that year, and united\\nwith General Huger s command, in the gallant attack on the left\\nof the British lines. After that disastrous affair, he continued with\\nGeneral Williamson s command, until the fall of Charleston, when\\nWilliamson took protection, with a considerable number of his fol-\\nlowers.\\nYoung Hammond, however, who was courteously permitted to\\ntake part in the council which was called to decide on the terms of\\nthe capitulation at Charleston, (his rank and age not justifying such\\nparticipation,) protested against the decision of the majority, and re-\\nfused to take British protection.\\nHe withdrew from his former associates, raised a few choice spirits,\\n(seventy-six in number,) and with them proceeded towards the\\nNorth, determined to find assistance, or die with arms in their hands.\\nBut more than half of this number, in consequence of the discour-\\nagements of the times, subsequently left Hammond s party, and in\\nhiding about fell into the hands of the Tories, who now overran the\\ncountry, and from whose cruelties they suffered vastly more than if\\nthey had continued with their companions in arms.\\nHammond s little band, consisting now of only thirty-three per-\\nsons, proceeded as they best could to make their way towards North\\nCarolina. They were, however, compelled to conceal themselves\\nduring the day in swamps and cane-brakes, and push on with all pos-\\nsible speed at night, depending entirely on chance for subsistence.\\nOne night, while passing along the foot of the mountains, they came\\nto the house of a good Whig, who was then absent from home, and\\nlearned from his wife (Mrs. Jones) that she had been ill-treated and\\nplundered by a party of Tories, (seventy or eighty in number,) who\\nhad the day before passed her house on their way to join the British\\narmy. Hammond and his associates determined to pursue and\\nchastise them, if possible. Guided by a lad along the trail they had\\ntaken, they succeeded in surprising them the next morning, at break-\\nfast, and by a spirited charge routed them completely.\\nOn their arrival in North Carolina, they were joined by Captains,.\\nMcCall and Liddle, of Pickens Regiment, and a small detachment\\nof men Here, in July, 1780. they fought the battle of Cedar\\nSprings, under command of Colonel Clarke, of Georgia, against a\\nparty of dragoons, under Dunlap, of Ferguson s Regiment, who at-\\ntempted to surprise them about half an hour before day but owing\\n40", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0699.jp2"}, "694": {"fulltext": "626 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nto timely notice, which was brought by two noble Whig ladies into\\nthe camp, the dragoons were repulsed and defeated.\\nIn the following month, (19th August, 1780,) Captain Hammond was\\nengaged with Colonels Williams, Clarke, and Shelby in the battle at\\nMusgrove a Mills, on the Enoree River. Here the British were de-\\nfeated, their commanding officer, Colonel Innis, wounded, Major\\nFraser killed, and a number of prisoners taken.\\nAt Hillsborough, he received from Governor Rutledge the brevet\\ncommission of Major, with orders to take charge of all the refugees,\\nas they were called, belonging to Colonel Le Roy Hammond s Regi-\\nment of Militia, and others who might come into service.\\nIn the ever-memorable battle of King s Mountain, which occurred\\non the 7th October, 1780, Major Hammond bore himself gallantly,\\nand lost many of his men.\\nAfter this battle, he was attached for a short time to the command\\nof General Davidson, and acted under Colonel Davy, on the retreat of\\nLord Cornwallis from Charlotte towards Catawba but was soon\\ntransferred to the command of General Sumter, and with him took\\npart in the battle at Blackstocks.\\nPrevious to the battle of the Cowpens, he joined General Morgan.\\nIn this celebrated action, Major Hammond commanded on the left\\nof the front line, and rendered the most important service throughout\\nthe engagement. After the battle, he was detached by General\\nMorgan, with a small portion of his command, to reconnoitre the\\nBritish army, which, after their defeat, had taken position on the\\nnorth side of Broad River, some distance below the Cowpens. This\\nservice he performed efficiently.\\nOn the arrival of Cornwallis at Ramsour s Mills, Major Hammond\\npassed over to the north side of the river, and joined General Greene.\\nHe continued with him, however, only a few days, when he was\\nagain attached to General Pickens command, with whom he passed\\nto the rear of the British army.\\nHe was joined by Major James Jackson, of Georgia, (afterwards\\nGovernor Jackson.) who was charged to pass into Georgia for a similar\\npurpose. They proceeded together through the district of Ninety-\\nsix, enlisting numbers of the people in their enterprise.\\nHammond rejoined General Pickens, and the Georgia and Caro-\\nlina forces acting in concert, advanced upon Augusta, drove in the\\noutposts, and commenced the siege of that place. Hammond having\\nnow been promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, w T as ordered\\nwith two companies of his regiment of State troops to storm Fort\\nGrierson.\\nOn the capitulation of the enemy at Augusta, Colonel Hammond,\\nwith the other troops under Pickens, marched and joined General\\nGreene at the siege of Ninety-six but on the advance of Lord\\nRawdon, the siege was raised, and Pickens command retreated\\nwestward, and thence turning northeastwardly, rejoined General\\nGreene on the Congaree, below Broad River. Through the summer\\nof 1781, Colonel Hammond continued actively employed as a par*", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0700.jp2"}, "695": {"fulltext": "RICHMOND COUNTY. 627\\ntisan, and gave hot pursuit to the Tories in every direction. He,\\nhowever, rejoined General Greene in the fall of the year, and was\\nwith him at the glorious battle of Eutaw Springs, on the 8th Sep-\\ntember, 1781.\\nOn the 17th of the same month, he was appointed to the command\\nof a regiment of cavalry by Governor Rutledge, and instructed to\\nraise and equip it like that of Mayham s, for three years, or the war.\\nA number of his State troops, who had long served under him as\\nvolunteers, now enrolled themselves in his regiment. He was also\\njoined by a portion of Colonel Le Roy Hammond s militia, and with\\nthese he remained in service under General Greene, until the pre-\\nliminaries of peace were signed and announced. Being then encamped\\nwith General Greene at Bacon s Bridge, near Charleston, he received\\norders to discontinue recruiting for his new regiment, and in a short\\ntime afterwards, the greater part of his men were discharged.\\nWithin a short period after the peace in 1783, Colonel Hammond\\nwas married, in Augusta, to Mrs. Rebecca Rae, relict of Colonel John\\nRae, of Georgia.\\nDuring his residence at Savannah, he was several times elected to\\nthe State Legislature, from. Chatham County. He also for some\\ntime filled the office of Surveyor-General, in Georgia, and was ap-\\npointed State Commissioner, to act in conjunction with other dis-\\ntinguished gentlemen in arranging treaties with the Indians.\\nIn 1793, he was appointed by Governor Telfair to the command of\\nthe first battalion of the Chatham County Militia, and immediately\\nordered to the frontier, where he rendered important service in throw-\\ning up block-houses, and in checking the depredations of the Lower\\nCreeks, who were very troublesome about this period.\\nIn the spring of 1798, he lost his wife, and went into retirement\\nfor several years.\\nOn the 25th of May, 1802, he was again married, uniting him-\\nself to Miss Eliza Amelia O Keefe, a young and beautiful Irish lady.\\nThe same year he was elected to represent the State of Georgia in\\nCongress, defeating Joseph Bryan, Esq., and Wm. H. Crawford, who\\nwas just then coming into public life.\\nColonel Hammond held an important office under the U. S. Go-\\nvernment in Missouri, where he resided about twenty years, during\\nwhich time he unfortunately fell into the habits of speculation then\\nprevalent in that section of country. He bought a large amount of\\nvaluable property, which his public duties and advancing age pre-\\nvented him from attending to properly, and which, from neglect, has\\nsince been lost to his family. He also became involved in a large\\ndebt to the United States by the failure of local banks, whose notes\\nhad been taken in payment of public dues. For this debt he was pro-\\nsecuted by the Government, and arrested in Charleston, after his re-\\nturn to South Carolina, which took place in 1824. Being discharged\\non bail, he finally disposed of a large portion of his property, and paid\\nup the demand to the utmost farthing.\\nSome time after his return to South Carolina, the theatre of his", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0701.jp2"}, "696": {"fulltext": "628 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nearly career, he settled at Varello Farm, on Horse Creek, three miles\\nbelow Augusta. During his absence in the West, this fine estate had\\nbecome nearly ruined, having been sold for taxes by the neglect of\\nagents, and passed through several hands. He found it, however, in\\nthe possession of an old friend and companion in arms, Colonel Brooks,\\nof Edgefield, who generously relinquished it without a contest.\\nIn 1827, he was elected by the Legislature of South Carolina to\\nthe office of Surveyor-General, and in 1831 was chosen Secretary of\\nState. On that occasion, General Sumter, who had been his com-\\npanion in arms, voluntarily came forward in an article strongly com-\\nmending him to the Legislature, bearing testimony to his gallantry\\nand usefulness during the Revolutionary struggle, and distinctly as-\\ncribing the victory at Blackstocks to his great braveiy and good\\nconduct.\\nDuring Colonel Hammond s continuance in office, he resided oc-\\ncasionally at Charleston and Columbia until 1835, when, overcome\\nby the weight of years, and the arduous labours of a protracted pub-\\nlic life, he withdrew from all connection with public affairs, and re-\\ntired to Varello, where he remained until his death, which occurred\\non the 11th September, 1842, in the 85th year of his age.\\nAugustus Christian George Elholm died in Augusta, in 1799.\\nHe was a native of the Duchy of Holstein, in the dominions of Den-\\nmark, came to America in the early part of the Revolutionary War,\\nreceived a commission in Pulaski s corps, and afterwards one in\\nColonel Horry s regiment of dragoons, in both of which he behaved\\nwith great gallantry. He rendered important services in Georgia,\\nand was one of the five men associated with Colonel John White,\\nwhose wonderful achievement is described on page 368 of this work.\\nUnder the administration of Governor Telfair, he was made Adjutant-\\nGeneral of the State of Georgia, and took an active part in planning a\\nsystem of defence against the Indians, who at that time were very\\ntroublesome upon the frontiers. When George Matthews was Go-\\nvernor of the State, a misunderstanding took place between him and\\nElholm. A court-martial was ordered, and the Adjutant-General was\\ncashiered. He had a practice of writing and speaking in a very\\npompous manner. His record-book, now in the State Library at\\nMilledgeville, is not only valuable for the amount of information\\nit contains, but curious on account of the grandiloquent style in which\\nhe was in the habit of expressing himself.\\nGeneral Thomas Glascock died in this county, in the fifty-fourth\\nyear of his age. He was at the siege of Savannah, as a lieutenant,\\nunder Count Pulaski, and exhibited great bravery and military\\ngenius by attacking and defeating, with a small force, a large body\\nof the enemy.\\nDuring an expedition against the Indians, who were committing\\ndepredations on the western frontiers of Georgia, he was appointed\\nfc Colonel in the troops then ordered by the Legislature for the express", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0702.jp2"}, "697": {"fulltext": "RICHMOND COUNTY. 629\\nservice of the State. He was afterwards elected a General of the\\nmilitia, and as such, Governor Irwin, though differing somewhat in\\npolitical sentiments, yet appreciating his worth, appointed him to the\\ncommand of that quota of militia which was designated by the Gen-\\neral Government to be furnished by this State.\\nIn every situation to which he was elevated, he never exhibited\\none mark of presumption, one mark of assumed authority over those\\nwith whom he was associated, but always exhibited that character\\nwith which we are mostly pleased, the friend of mankind. 1\\nGeneral John Twiggs, a distinguished officer of the Revolution,\\nlived and died in this county.\\nThe Hon. Richard Henry Wilde resided for many years in Au-\\ngusta. He died at New-Orleans.\\nGeneral D. E. Twiggs, now of the U. S. Army, the son of General\\nJohn Twiggs, has inherited his father s virtues. Posterity will speak\\nof his deeds.\\nMajor Freeman Walker lived and died in Richmond. As a mem-\\nber of Congress, he assisted in the settlement of the Missouri ques-\\ntion, and his speech will ever remain a monument of his genius and\\npatriotism. He died September 23, 1827.\\nHon. Nicholas Ware commenced his professional career in Augusta.\\nFor many years he represented Richmond, and was Senator to Con-\\ngress from 1821 to 1824. He died in the City of New- York, Sep-\\ntember, 1824.\\nHon. Andrew J. Miller is a distinguished lawyer of Augusta. The\\nhigh offices which he has held attest the superiority of his abilities\\nThe Hon. Charles J. Jenkins was born in Beaufort District, South\\nCarolina, on the sixth day of January, 1805. His father removed to the\\nCounty of Jefferson, in Georgia, in January, 1816. Mr. Jenkins re-\\nceived the rudiments of his education in different schools he first en-\\ntered a school at Savannah, then successively the academies at Mount\\nZion and Powelton, in Hancock County, and afterwards for a few\\nmonths the academy at Wellington, in South Carolina, under the di-\\nrection of Dr. Waddel. In the year 1820 he went to Franklin Col-\\nlege but in 1822, by the request of his father, he was regularly dis-\\nmissed from that institution, and soon after entered Union College, in\\nthe State of New- York, where he was graduated with high honours.\\nHe then returned to Georgia, studied law, and was admitted to prac-\\ntice in 1826, and settled at Saundersville, in the County of Washing-\\nton. In 1 829 he removed to Augusta, and was elected a representa-\\ntive of Richmond County, in the popular branch of the General As-\\nsembly, in 1830. In 1831 he was elected Attorney-General for the", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0703.jp2"}, "698": {"fulltext": "630 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nState of Georgia. Five years afterwards, he was again returned to\\nthe Legislature, and was re-elected to that body every succeeding\\nyear, up to 1852, inclusive, with the exception of 1842, when, as well\\nas in the years 1834 and 1835, he was defeated. In each of the years\\n1840, 1843, 1845, and 1847, he was elected Speaker of the House of\\nRepresentatives.\\nIn 1850, Mr. Jenkins was offered the post of Secretary of the Inte-\\nrior of the United States, which he declined; and in the same year\\nhe was a member of the Convention which met at Milledgeville, and\\ndrew up the exposition and resolutions adopted by that body in rela-\\ntion to the Compromise measures. He was a candidate for Governor\\nat the last election, but was defeated by 510 votes.\\nWe cannot pass over in silence the character of the late Mrs. Maria\\nCampbell. This lady was the daughter of General William Hull, and\\nwife of Edward Fenwick Campbell, of Augusta, Georgia. She pos-\\nsessed a highly cultivated mind. In all the benevolent institutions of\\nthe day she took a deep interest. Mrs. Campbell and a grandson of\\nGeneral Hull prepared a biography of their venerated ancestor.* She\\ndied in Augusta, on the 24th of May, 1845.\\nIt is due alike to the truth of history as to the claims of a distinguished soldier of the\\nRevolution, to say, that the justness of the decision of the court-martial, before whom\\nGeneral Hull was arraigned and convicted of the charge of cowardice, and on whom the\\nsentence of death was pronounced, is at this time seriously called in question by promi-\\nnent men of both political parties of those who were zealous advocates and supporters of\\nthe administration of Mr. Madison, as of the opponents of that administration.\\nGeneral Hull commanded a company of volunteers from Connecticut, and joined General\\nWashington at Cambridge, Massachusetts, at the commencement of the War of the Revo-\\nlution, and was with him when the army was disbanded, and when he took his final leave\\nas commander-in-chief, in New-York, on the 4th of December, 1783. He served during the\\nwhole period of the war, and was in the battles of Long Island, at the White Plains, at\\nTrenton, at Princeton, at Saratoga, Bhemis Heights, at Monmouth, at Stony Point, Mor-\\nrisania, and other memorable occasions. He was twice promoted for his courage and\\ngood conduct once after the battles of Trenton and Princeton, and subsequently after\\nthe storming of Stony Point, as one of the selected officers of General Wayne, on that\\nhazardous enterprise.\\nAs a tribute of filial affection, and in defence of the much injured reputation of her\\nfather from the supposed iniquitous decision of the court-martial, his daughter, Mrs.\\nCampbell, and a grandson of General Hull, have prepared a biography of their venerated\\nancestor, which has been published, under the title of, General Hull s Military and\\nCivil Life, and to which the public is referred for a detailed history of this soldier of the\\nRevolution.\\nThere have been several able reviews of this work, and a number of letters published\\nfrom gentlemen of high character in our country, bearing testimony to the correct-\\nness of the narrative of facts embodied in it. Some of these letters were from the\\npens of Jared Sparks, the compiler of the writings of Washington from the Hon. Horace\\nBinney and Joseph R. Ingersoll, of Philadelphia; from the Hon. John Macpherson Berrien\\nJoseph W. Jackson, and Matthew Hall McAllister, Esq., of Savannah. In the letter from\\nJared Sparks, prefixed to General Hull s Military and Civil Life, addressed to the\\ngrandson of General Hull, he writes I have perused the manuscript which you sent to\\nme relating to the Revolutionary services and civil life of General Hull. The whole ap-\\npears to me to be written with close attention to the facts of history. He then adds\\nI have also read with a lively interest the chapters on the campaign of 1812. The nar-\\nrative is clear and full, and whatever judgment may be formed of the result, the particulars\\nhere set forth give evidence of having been drawn from the highest sources, and they are\\nexhibited in such a manner as to present the controverted points in a just light.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0704.jp2"}, "699": {"fulltext": "SCREVEN COUNTY. 631\\nSCREVEN COUNTY.\\nLaid out from Burke and Effingham, 1793 part set off to Bul-\\nloch, 1796. Length, 30 m. breadth, 18 m. area square miles, 540.\\nThe Savannah, Ogeechee, and Little Ogeechee rivers, and Briar\\nCreek, are the principal streams.\\nThe soil is level, and in some parts productive.\\nThe climate is mild.\\nThe instances of longevity are, Mrs. L. Thrower, who died at 137\\nMrs. Jane Black, over 100; Mr. Herrington, over 90; Michael\\nDoherty, 140. Many others might be given.\\nSylvania is the county site, situated five miles below Jackson-\\nborough, on the Middle Ground road.\\nJacksonborough was formerly the county site.\\nMill Haven is six miles from Matthews Bluff.\\nParamore Hill is a considerable elevation, which the Central Rail\\nRoad crosses.\\nAt Hudson s Ferry the British army encamped in February, 1779,\\nunder the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Prevost.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 567 families, 567\\nwhite males, 1,625; white females, 1,548; 1 free coloured male.\\nTotal free population, 3,174 slaves, 3,673. Deaths, 32. Farms,\\n498. Value of Teal estate, $1,260,577; value of personal estate,\\n$1,101,900.\\nAmong the early settlers of this county were, J. H. Rutherford,\\nJames Boyd, John Bonnell, Henry Bryan, Wm. Rushing, Benja-\\nmin Greene, Wm. Shepard, Robert Warren, Joseph Tanner, John\\nFletcher, John Nevil, Anthony Bornell, Bird Lanier, Matthew\\nColeton, Wm. Pearce, Daniel Blackburn, John Jeffers, Wm.\\nRauls, M. Greene.\\nMr. John Abbot resided for many years in this county, and was\\nvery much devoted to the study of natural science. The result of\\nhis observations he delineated in a style of beauty and accuracy,\\nwhich gained him a high reputation in Europe. In the Charleston\\nLibrary are two large folio volumes, with elegant coloured engravings,\\nentitled, The Natural History of the Rarer Lepidopterous Insects of\\nGeorgia, including their Systematic Characters, the Particulars of\\ntheir several Metamorphoses, and the Plants on which they feed. Col-\\nlected from the observations of Mr. John Abbot, many years resident\\nin that country, by James Edward Smith, M. D., F. R. S.\\nLooking over the files of some old newspapers, we met with the\\nfollowing, and give it insertion, without vouching, however, that", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0705.jp2"}, "700": {"fulltext": "632 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nthe Michael Doherty, of Screven, is the person of whom the writer\\nspeaks\\nAt the moment of retreat, on the 12th of May, 1782, when Colonel Laurens,\\ncommanding the light troops of General Greene s army, beat up the quarters of\\nthe enemy near Accabee, Michael Doherty, a distinguished soldier of the\\nDelawares, said to a comrade who was near By Jasus, it does my heart good\\nto think that little blood has been spilt this day, any how, and that we are\\nlikely to see the close of it without a fight. No notice was taken of his speech\\nat the time, but meeting him shortly after in camp, I inquired, how he, who\\nwas so much applauded for uncommon gallantry, should have expressed so\\ngreat delight on finding the enemy indisposed for action. And who, besides\\nmyself, had a better right to be plased, I wonder 1 said Doherty. Wounds\\nand captivity have no charms for me, and Michael has never yet fought, but as\\nbad luck would have it, both have been his portion. When I give you a little\\npiece of the history of my past life, you will give me credit for my wish to be\\ncareful of the part that is to come. I was unlucky from the jump. At the battle\\nof Brandywine, acting as sergeant of a company in the Delaware Regiment,\\nmy captain killed, and lieutenant absenting himself from the field for the greater\\nsafety of his mother s son, I fought with desperation till our ammunition was ex-\\npended, and my comrades being compelled to retire, I was left helpless and\\nwounded on the ground, and fell into the hands of the enemy. Confinement\\nwas never agreeable to me. I could never be aisij within the walls of a prison.\\nA recruiting sergeant of the British, who was at home in his business, and up to\\nall manner of cajolery, by dint of perpetual blarney, gained my good will, slipped\\nthe King s bounty into my hand, which I pocketed, and entered a volunteer into\\nthe 1 7th Regiment. Stony Point was our station, and I thought myself snugly\\nout of harm s way, when one ugly night, when I did not even dream of such an\\naccident, the post was carried at the point of the bayonet, and an unlucky thrust\\nlaid me prostrate on the earth. It was a great consolation, however, although\\nthis was rather rough treatment from the hand of a friend, that the Old Dela-\\nwares were covered with glory, and that as their prisoner, I was sure to meet the\\nkindest attention. My wound once cured, and whitewashed of my sins, my\\nancient comrades received me with kindness and light of heart, and hoping to\\ngain any quantity of laurels in the South, I marched forward with the regiment,\\nas a part of the command, destined to recover (he Carolinas and Georgia. The\\nbloody battle of Camden, fought on the 16th August bad luck to the day!\\nbrought me once again into trouble. Our regiment was cut up root and branch,\\nand poor Pilgarlic, my unfortunate self, wounded and made prisoner. My pre-\\njudices against a jail I have frankly told, and being pretty confident that I should\\nnot a whit better relish a lodging in the inside of a prison-ship, I once again suf-\\nfered myself to be persuaded, and listed in the infantry of Tarleton s Legion.\\n0, botheration, what a mistake I never before had kept such bad company\\nas a man of honour, I was out of my illiment, and should certainly have given\\nthem leg-bail, but that I had no time to brood over my misfortunes, for the battle\\nof the Cowpens quickly followed. Howard and Old Kirkwood gave us the\\nbayonet so handsomely, that we were taken one and all, and I should have", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0706.jp2"}, "701": {"fulltext": "SCREVEN COUNTY. 633\\nescaped unhurt, had not a dragoon of Washington s added a scratch or two to\\nthe account already scored on my unfortunate carcass. As to all the miseries\\nthat I have since endured, afflicted with a scarcity of everything but appetite\\nand musquitoes, I say nothing about them. My love for my country gives me,\\ncourage to support that, and a great deal more when it comes. I love my com-\\nrades, and they love Doherty. Exchanging kindnesses, we give care to the\\ndogs\u00e2\u0080\u0094 but surely you will not be surprised, after all that I have said, that I feel\\nsome qualms at the thought of battle, since, take whatever side I will, I am al-\\nways sure to find it the wrong one.\\nAt Briar Creek, in this county, a battle was fought on the 3d of\\nMarch, 1779, between the British, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel\\nCampbell, and the Americans, commanded by General Ashe, which\\nresulted in the complete discomfiture of the latter. The following\\nletter, written by General Lincoln, dated Purisburg, March 7, 1779,\\ndetails the particulars of the battle\\nAfter the enemy left Augusta, General Ashe, who was stationed on the oppo-\\nsite side of the river, was ordered to cross and take post at or near Briar Creek\\nlower bridge, as thereby he would cover the upper part of the country, and as\\nthis was considered one of the strongest posts therein, his left being secured by\\na deep swamp and the Savannah River, his front by the creek, which, at this\\nplace, was unfordable, and about sixty yards wide besides, he had a party of\\nabout 200 horse to cover his right rear. Boats were provided for the troops to\\nrecross the Savannah in case the enemy should move against them in force, and\\nthe baggage was sent over that they might not be encumbered therewith, in\\ncase they should be obliged to retire into the country. But, notwithstanding, on\\nthe 3d of March, 1 779, at three o clock in the afternoon, the enemy fell in his\\nrear, his horse at that time being over Briar Creek, and began the attack so\\nsuddenly, that the General had not time to form the whole of his troops, which\\namounted to about 1,200, exclusive of the horse those which were formed soon\\ngave way, though many officers exerted themselves to prevent it, excepting a\\nfew under General Elbert, and one or two regiments of North Carolina militia.\\nSome, he informs me, fled without firing they took to the swamp, and escaped\\neither by swimming the river or being brought across in a boat. General Ashe\\nsupposes his loss to have been 150 or 200. Prisoners taken, General Elbert,\\nGeorgia troops Lieutenant-Colonel Mcintosh, in the Continental service Major\\nDouglass, Aid-de-Camp Captains Hicks, Nash, Cuthbert, Scott, Pendleton,\\nCorbet, Sprowl, and Dalay; 162 non-commissioned officers and privates.", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0707.jp2"}, "702": {"fulltext": "634 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nSPALDING COUNTY.\\nThis county is bounded on the north by Henry, on the east by\\nMonroe and Butts, on the south by Pike, and on the west by Fayette.\\nLength, 20 m. breadth, 11 m. area square miles, 220. Laid out\\nin 1851.\\nThe streams are, the Flint River, and Potato, Cabin, Grape, and\\nHead s creeks.\\nThe soil and productions are similar to those of Pike.\\nGriffin is the county town, situated on the Macon and Western\\nRailroad. It is called after General L. L. Griffin, its founder.\\nThe Synodical Female College is located at Griffin. It is under\\nthe care of the Synod of Georgia. The college edifice is built of\\nbrick, 100 feet long, and 50 wide two stories high. It contains\\non the lower floor a large chapel-room for the primary department,\\nand a parlour. On the second floor are four large recitation-rooms,\\nand a large study-room, well furnished with desks and chairs. The\\nbuilding occupies a commanding situation, and is surrounded by beau-\\ntiful grounds. The funds for erecting this building were mostly con-\\ntributed by the citizens of Griffin.\\nAmong the early settlers were, John G. Hill, A. A. Gaulding,\\nJohn B. Reid, Wm. Cline, GeneraTF. P. Daniel, Curtis Lewis,\\nMiles G. Dobbins, Wm. S. Herronton, Jas. A. Beeks, Absalom Gray,\\nA. M. Nall, Thos. D. Johnson, James S. Jones, A. W. Humphreys,\\nHugh G. Johnson, David Johnson, Dr. Jno. R. Clark, Joseph P.\\nManly, James Butler, Ishmael Dunn, William Ellis, Garling-\\nton Leak, Burrell Orr, Simeon Spear, John H. Akins, Robert\\nWalker, Garry Grice, Dr. James S. Long, William R. Phillips,\\nand Wm. Dismuke.\\nHon. Thomas Spalding, after whom this county was named, was\\nbom at Frederica, on the Island of St. Simon s, Glynn County, on\\nthe 26th March, 1774, and was of Scottish descent. He was the son\\nof James Spalding, Esq., who married the oldest daughter of Colonel\\nWilliam Mcintosh, the latter being the same person who, when a lad,\\nwith his younger brother, Lachlan, (afterwards General Mcintosh,\\nof the Revolutionary War,) followed their father, John More Mcin-\\ntosh, a Highland chieftain, when, with a band of intrepid Highlanders,\\nhe accompanied General Oglethorpe to the wilds of Georgia, in 1736,\\nand from whom sprang many of that name, who perilled their all for\\nthe independence of their country during our Revolutionary contest.\\nMr. Spalding s father was a gentleman of fine abilities, and a great\\nreader of men and of books, the advantages of which he seemed to have\\nearly and indelibly impressed upon the mind of his son, who read", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0708.jp2"}, "703": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0709.jp2"}, "704": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3385", "width": "1888", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0710.jp2"}, "705": {"fulltext": "SPALDING COUNTY. 635\\neverything, and whose surprisingly tenacious memory, retaining all\\nthat he read, made him as a living book and depositary of literary\\ntreasures, especially those of historic interest.\\nFor those gentle and benevolent traits which he so liberally prac-\\ntised in mature manhood, he was indebted to the influence and ex-\\nample of his excellent and venerated mother, of whom he ever spoke\\nwith the most filial tenderness. He was their only child. At the\\ntime of his father s decease he was a student of law, in the office of\\nThomas Gibbons, Esq., of Savannah, whose practice was extensive\\nand profitable and had circumstances at this period permitted Mr.\\nSpalding to pursue the profession of his choice, he doubtless would\\nhave been eminent in it but his fortune being ample, and requiring\\nhis personal attention, he declined to proceed in the practice. He\\nmarried the daughter and only child of Richard Leake, Esq., which\\nunion added much to his already comfortable estate.\\nAbout this time, though very young, he was elected to the Legis-\\nlature, and shortly after, with his family, visited Europe, and took up\\nhis residence in London, where he remained two years a regular at-\\ntendant on, and observer of, the proceedings of Parliament, and in\\nthe enjoyment of that society to which his pecuniary means and posi-\\ntion among his countrymen abroad entitled him in the British metro-\\npolis.\\nThe lady whom he married was of rare accomplishments, good\\nsense, and of singular beauty yet she alone seemed unconscious of\\nthose irresistible fascinations which secured her the respect, admira-\\ntion, and love of all. They had born to them many children, five only\\nof whom survived their parents, and are still living. Mr. Spalding\\nhad the misfortune to lose his oldest son, James, while a member of\\nthe Legislature from Mcintosh County, during its session in 1820 an\\namiable young man, of superior talent, and of great promise. The\\nLegislature erected a monument to his memory in the capital of the\\nState.\\nOn his return from England, Mr. Spalding was elected to Congress,\\nand served two sessions, and was for many years afterwards a promi-\\nnent and leading member of the Senate of his native State, and until\\nhe retired from public life, to superintend his extensive private affairs,\\nand to enjoy the repose and comforts of his attractive home, surrounded\\nby his books, and friends, and strangers visiting our country, to whom\\nhe was ever attentive.\\nFor the various measures which he advocated during a long politi-\\ncal career, through anxious and perplexing periods of our history, he\\nacted always from a conscientious conviction of being right, and for\\nthe interest of his country. There never was a more ardent or a purer\\npatriot. At the close of the war of 1812, in compliance with a com-\\nmission from the General Government, he proceeded to Bermuda, and\\nnegotiated relative to the slaves and other property taken from the\\nSouth by the British forces.\\nIn 1826, he was appointed Commissioner on the part of the State-\\nto meet the Commissioner of the United States, Governor Randolph,", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0711.jp2"}, "706": {"fulltext": "636 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nof Virginia, to determine on the boundary between Georgia and the Ter-\\nritory of Florida, but which was not conclusively settled, the Com-\\nmissioners disagreeing as to what should be considered the true source\\nof the St. Mary s the Georgia Commissioner insisting on the southern\\nand most distant of the two lakes from the mouth of the river discharg-\\ning its waters into the Atlantic, which lake has since been called after\\nhim.\\nThe limit assigned for biographical sketches in this work admits of\\nnothing more than a mere outline of the life of Mr. Spalding. He\\nwas a fluent, energetic speaker, and a fine writer. Ease of style\\nand originality characterize the productions of his pen. He was the\\nauthor of the Life of Oglethorpe, and of many other sketches, and\\nfurnished much useful matter for various agricultural journals of the\\ncountry, was among the earliest cotton planters of the State, and in-\\ntroduced the cane, its successful culture, and the manufacture of sugar,\\ninto Georgia. He was the last surviving member of the Convention\\nthat revised the Constitution of the State in 1798.\\nIn personal appearance he was agreeable, of middling stature, of\\neasy, unassuming manners, courteous and affable. His hospitality\\nwas boundless, and accessible to all and it may be truly and emphati-\\ncally said of him, that he was the friend of the distressed. Kind in all\\nthe relations of life, his slaves, of whom he had a large number, felt\\nneither irksome toil nor disquiet under his mild and indulgent govern-\\nment.\\nHe felt intensely interested in the Compromise measures of Con-\\ngress, and, though in delicate health, declared his wish to go as a\\ndelegate to the Convention in Milledgeville, even if he should die in\\nthe effort. He reached that city in a very feeble state, was elected\\nPresident of the Convention, and commenced his duties by a neat\\nand appropriate address, remarking in the conclusion, that as it\\nwould be the last, so it would also be a graceful termination of his\\npublic labours. After the adjournment, he passed on homeward\\nthrough Savannah, greatly debilitated, and reached his son s residence,\\nnear Darien, where he expired in the midst of his children, calmly\\nrelying on his God for a happy futurity, January 4th, 1851, in the 77th\\nyear of his age, and in sight of that island home in which it is hoped\\nno spoiler will ever be suffered to trespass, but long to remain a sacred\\nmemorial of his taste for the sublime beauties of nature. His resi-\\ndence was a massive mansion, of rather unique style, in the midst ol\\na primeval forest of lofty, out-branching oaks, of many centuries,\\narrayed in the soft and gracefully-flowing drapery of the Southern moss,\\nwaving in noiseless unison with the ceaseless surges of the ocean,\\nwhich break upon the strand of this beautiful and enchanting spot.\\nRev. William Moseley resides in Griffin. He is the son of Elijah\\nMoseley, and was born in Elbert County, Georgia, on the 21st of\\nOctober, 1796. His education was limited, not having attended a\\nschool altogether more than nine months. When he was about\\ntwenty years old, he was commissioned as first lieutenant of a com-", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0712.jp2"}, "707": {"fulltext": "STEWART COUNTY. 637\\npany intended for an expedition against the Indians. In 1819, he was\\nelected Receiver of Tax Returns for Putnam County. In 1820, he\\nremoved to Dallas County, Alabama, where he connected himself with\\nthe Baptist Church, and two years afterwards, began his ministerial ca-\\nreer. Returning to Georgia, he resided a year in Jasper County, and\\nthen went to Henry County. In 1848, he was elected to the Senate,\\nand in 1846 was nominated by the Whig party for Congress, and\\nwas defeated by only one hundred and fifty-seven votes. In 1847, he\\nwas elected to the representative branch of the Legislature, in 1848\\nwas chosen an elector, and voted for General Taylor and Mr. Fillmore,\\nand in 1851 was again sent to the Legislature as Senator.\\nIn 1836, there was a division among the Baptists in the Flint River\\nAssociation. Mr. Moseley took sides with that portion called the\\nPrimitive Baptists, who hold to the predestinarian doctrine, repent-\\nance, faith, good works, the final perseverance of the saints, c. The\\ndenomination of which Mr. Moseley is a minister believe that the\\nChurch alone is the institution of Heaven, and that all the combina-\\ntions of men, irrespective of the Church, are wrong.\\nHe is a friend to education, and has been heard to say, that he will\\nnever die satisfied unless he sees a system adopted by which every\\nchild in the country will receive an education. Mr. Moseley is an\\norator by nature. His mode of speaking fixes attention and although\\nhe pays no regard to the decorations of language, it is easy to per-\\nceive that he understands his subject. It is very remarkable, says\\none, that Mr. Moseley was born in October, married in October, pro-\\nfessed religion in October, commenced preaching in October, his son\\nwas born in October, his daughter born in October, and the only slave\\nhe ever owned died in October.\\nSTEWART COUNTY.\\nThis division of the State was formed from Randolph in 1830, and\\nnamed after General Daniel Stewart, whose name stands high upon\\nthe annals of Georgia.\\nThe Chattahoochee River forms the western boundary.\\nNumerous creeks water the country.\\nThe lands generally are fertile, producing cotton, corn, sugar-\\ncane, c.\\nLumpkin is the county site, situated on the waters of the Hod-\\nchodkee Creek, distant from Milledgeville one hundred and sixty\\nmiles.\\nThe Masonic Female College is located at Lumpkin.\\nFlorence is on the Chattahoochee River, sixteen miles W. of Lump-\\nkin.\\nLanahassee is in the eastern part of the county.", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0713.jp2"}, "708": {"fulltext": "638 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nThe climate is warm.\\nThe following cases of longevity have come to our knowledge\\nWm. Elliott, 90 Mrs. Elliott, 85 Mr. Bush and wife, 80 B.\\nSmith, 88 R. Melton, 82 Thomas Glenn, 81 I. Cox, over 80\\nGeo. Osborn, 86 Mrs. L. M. Turner, 80. A negro woman belong-\\ning to Mr. John Glenn is over 100 years old. A free woman of colour\\ndied in April, 1852, said to have been 137 years of age. Thomas\\nWilliams is now living, over 84 years.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 1,432; families,\\n1,445; white males, 4,480; white females, 4,169; free coloured\\nmales, 3 free coloured females, 2. Total free population, 8,654\\nslaves, 7,373. Deaths, 156. Farms, 990 manufacturing establish-\\nments, 36. Value of real estate, $2,241,302; value of personal\\nestate, $4,393,703.\\nAmong the early settlers of this county were, N. Clifton, M. Gre-\\nsham, W. H. Dismukes, R. J. Snelling, S. Luckey, James Greer,\\nJ. Talbot, L. Bryan, Captain Ball, James E. Gachet, H. W. Jer-\\nNIGAN, F. D. WlMBERLY.\\nBURNING OF ROANOKE.\\nRoanoke is a small village in this county, situated on the Chat-\\ntahoochee River. A party of Creek Indians made an attack upon it\\non Friday night, the 13th of May, 1836, to the number of about thir-\\nty, the same, as is supposed, that fired upon the steamer Georgia,\\nand killed all on board. This assault was promptly repelled by the\\nwhites. Another attack was made on Sunday morning, the 15th,\\njust before day, by about three hundred Indians. A block-house had\\nbeen erected, and surrounded by pickets.\\nIt seems that the citizens were taken entirely by surprise, most of\\nthem having retired to their slumbers. They were first alarmed by\\nthe firing of rifles and the yelling of the savages. The men sprung\\nto their arms, and returned the fire of the Indians, but, seeing their\\nnumber so large, immediately retreated, forcing themselves through\\ntheir midst. Nine whites and hree blacks were killed at the first\\nfire, and eight or nine wounded;\\nThe following letter from CoJo.iel G. thus describes the affair, and\\nhis escape\\nNo apprehension was felt of an attack the men had nearly all gone out to\\nLumpkin not more than twenty being in camp, which was near the warehouse.\\nI was sleeping in my own room Gazaway (Williams) was up stairs alone. Just\\nbefore daybreak I was awakened by the firing of the Indians. At that moment,\\nthree fired through the window, at my bed. I sprang out of bed, and, on looking\\nround, could distinguish them at each window. I ran into the dining-room, where\\nI found every window occupied by two or three, and whenever I passed, they\\nfired on me. I determined to sell my life as dearly as possible, feeling confident\\nmy last hour had come caught up my gun hallooed to Gazaway to make his", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0714.jp2"}, "709": {"fulltext": "STEWART COUNTY. 639\\nescape burst open the door going into the passage, when a volley was discharged\\nat my breast closed it, and ran to the other door, determined to hazard all in en-\\ndeavouring to join the men at camp. On opening it, two fired, and a number\\napproached. I fired shut the door caught up another gun opened, and ran\\nout of the door. From the door to the fence, I passed through the midst of twenty\\nor thirty, all shooting as fast as they could fire some lying down. I ran so near their\\npowder that I burnt my clothes met a number at the fence got through all un-\\ntouched, except a blow, given with a gun or something else, which nearly arrested\\nme. I then, finding the men flying in all directions, reached and found a thick\\nplace of bushes growing over the branch laid down in the water below the\\nspring, the Indians passing within a few paces, expecting every moment that I\\nshould be butchered. Shortly afterwards, Talbot, Captain Horn, (who was\\nwounded,) and another gentleman, pursued by several Indians, came to my retreat.\\nI then gave up again all earthly hope of escape, and told them I had determined\\nto run down and jump into the river. They insisted on my staying, and all dying\\ntogether. As our Maker would have it, the savages at that time commenced\\nburning houses, to which their attention was chiefly drawn, and we lay until\\ntwelve o clock, suffering all that men could suffer in the cold water from the\\nspring. On coming out, I was so benumbed with cold and bruises, that I could\\nnot walk up the hill. On reaching the bluff, we discovered, to our great joy, a party\\nof soldiers had come to our relief, and that the Indiaus had fled. We reached\\nLumpkin about dark.\\nGazaway, seeing the Indians all flock after me when I left the house, sprang\\nout of the second story, and made his escape without being fired on.\\nPoor Anderson he was shot in the head, face to face, with the savage, and\\nexpired without a groan.\\nKershaw was shot in his own house. His wife and child, with Mr. Pierce,\\nremained until the building was in flames, and near falling in, when they made\\ntheir escape. The two Mr. Donalsons were sleeping in the back room of my\\nhouse they fell, and were burnt up, as also one or two in Matthews house mak-\\ning in all eight whites. Our dwelling and warehouse, Joice s store, Starke s store,\\nRood Seymour s, Matthews dwelling, and new house, were all burnt.\\nPeter (black boy) fought near Anderson bravely. The Indians made great\\nexertions to kill him.\\nBATTLE AT SHEPA D S PLANTATION.\\nThe following account of one among the most serious and des-\\nperate battles that occurred during the Creek war in 1836, is\\ncompiled from despatches addressed to William Schley, Governor of\\nGeorgia at that time, by Captain Hamilton Garmany, and other\\nofficers. The battle took place at the plantation of Dr. Shepard,\\non the 9th of June, 1836\\nBetween two and three o clock, when Captain Garmany s men were eating\\ntheir dinner, a firing was heard about half a mile from the place he occupied.\\nSupposing that Major Jernigan and his force were atlacked. Garmany ordered his\\nmen to leave their dinner and parade immediately. The horses were left, and", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0715.jp2"}, "710": {"fulltext": "640 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nindeed everything else, except the clothes which the men had on, and the force re-\\npaired to the direction where the firing was heard, and having marched about ball\\na mile, found the Indians prepared for battle. When within some one hundred yards\\nof the Indians, Garmany s men fired, and six or seven of the enemy fell. The\\nIndians then retreated a short distance, and formed a line. Garmany gave them\\nanother fire, the savages returning it in regular manner, and again retreated.\\nGarmany discovered that every time they retreated they reinforced to the num-\\nber of at least 250. As long as they could be kept in front, they were repulsed;\\nbut becoming so numerous, and Captain Garmany s company consisting of only\\nforty-two men in line at the time, the Indians began to flank them. A retreat\\nwas ordered, and the men commanded to fire on the retreat half of them were\\ndirected to face to the right, and the other to the left, and to fire upon their\\nflanks, to keep the Indians from surrounding them. After having retreated, and\\nfiring in this way about half a mile, a small field was reached, and the fence used\\nas a breastwork, until two rounds were fired. By this time the enemy had suc-\\nceeded in dividing the party. By firing on the left flank, Captain Garmany and\\nabout ten men succeeded in getting possession of the yard at the time they en-\\ntered the gate, the enemy had succeeded in gaining the opposite side of the\\nyard, but were driven from their position. They then fled to the gin-house,\\nwhen a position was taken and an opportunity watched to shoot as they passed\\naround the houses. The troops were directed not to fire until they could be\\ncertain t\u00c2\u00bb kill, which order was obeyed. Garmany took a position behind two\\ntrees, so situated that he could not be seen, and from that place he was certain\\nthat he killed an Indian who was attempting to get one of the horses over the\\nfence. When he fell another attempted to gel the same horse, and before he\\nsucceeded in getting the animal, he was shot, and fell within three feet of the\\nother. Garmany then loaded again, and just at that moment three other Indians\\npassed round the corner of a small house forty yards distant, when they were fired\\nat. and two of them stopped the other shot Garmany through the thigh, which\\ncaused him to fall. The Indian drew his knife and made towards him. He\\nraised up and shot the Indian, bringing him to the ground. At this time a\\npanic was produced amongst Garmany s men who were present, who cried out\\nthat their captain was killed. But he called to them, saying that he was not\\ndead, but that they must fight on. Dispatching the Indian after he was\\nwounded, Garmany drew his pocket pistol, determined still to defend himself,\\nand called to his men to turn the horses out of the lot, which they did. Those\\nof his corps that were near continued to fight; and during the whole time, the\\nmen on the other flank of the enemy maintained the action with vigour and energy.\\nJust at this moment, Major Jernigan, of Stewart County, who was at Fort\\nJones, three miles below the battle-ground, arrived with a small detachment of\\nmen, not exceeding thirty, and charged upon the Indians, which diverted them\\nfrom Garmany, and enabled him to make his escape. One of his men seeing\\nthat he was wounded, brought him a horse, took him up behind him, and\\ncarried him to Fort Jones when the rest of his force attempted their escape\\nin the best way they could.\\nAbout this time, a body of men who had been sent to Fort McCreary, and had\\nheard the firing, came and charged through the ranks of the enemy but they", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0716.jp2"}, "711": {"fulltext": "SUMTER COUNTY. 641\\nwere too late to render much assistance. Four of Garmany s company had been\\nleft sick at Fort Ingersoll, with two others to wait on them, and two or three\\nhad gone to the shop to get their horses shod-. These things account for the few\\nmen he had in the action. Those of his company who were in the engagement,\\nacted with great bravery and firmness. Every man stood firm until ordered to\\nretreat.\\nAmple testimony was borne to the courage and bravery of Major Jemigan and\\nhis men, who went to the assistance of Garmany. In his company were seven\\nkilled and four wounded, none thought to be dangerous\u00e2\u0080\u0094 of Major Jernigan s\\nmen, four were killed and three wounded. Those of Garmany s men killed were,\\nEnsign Lacy, Orderly-Sergeant Jas. C. Martin, Jas. H. Holland, Robert T. Hol-\\nland, Jas. M. Allen, Wm. M. Sims, (by exhaustion,) J. A. V. Tate, and A. W.\\nPeden wounded, Captain Garmany, John R. Alexander, Thomas W. Hunt, and\\nWm. Stapp. R was thought there were from twenty-five to thirty Indians killed,\\nbut Colonel Gibson, who afterwards visited the battle-ground, was clearly of the\\nopinion that the loss of Indians must have been much greater.\\nThose of the Stewart company who fell in the battle were, David Delk, Esq.,\\nJared Irwin, Esq., Captain Robert Billups, and a young man by the name of Hunter.\\nThey were all gentlemen of the first standing. Mr. Delk was a member of the\\nbar, and occupied a very respectable station in his profession. Mr. Irwin was\\nClerk of the Inferior Court of Stewart County.\\nSUMTER COUNTY.\\nLaid out from Lee, in 1851. Named after Major-General Thomas\\nSumter, of Revolutionary distinction.\\nThe Flint River forms the eastern boundary of the county. The\\nMuckalee, Muckaloochee, and Kinchafoona, are streams of consider-\\nable magnitude.\\nAmericus, the county site, is a pretty and thriving town on the\\nwaters of Muckalee Creek, distant 165 miles S.W. of Milledgeville.\\nIt was incorporated in 1832.\\nThe Americus Female Institute is located here. It is an indi-\\nvidual enterprise, and was established in 1852 by the Rev. P. A.\\nStrobel, a minister of the Lutheran Church, under an act of incor-\\nporation from the Legislature of Georgia. The institute is designed\\nto supply a home education for the young ladies of Southwestern\\nGeorgia, and more particularly of Sumter and some of the adjoining\\ncounties. It is at present furnished with a good supply of maps\\nand astronomical charts, and a small but well-selected cabinet of\\nminerals. A philosophical apparatus will be obtained by the open-\\ning of the next session.\\nDanville, 16 miles from Americus, is on the Flint River.\\nPondtown is 12 miles N. of Americus.\\n41", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0717.jp2"}, "712": {"fulltext": "642 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nQuebec is in the northwest corner of the county.\\nThe face of the country is fiat. Much of the land is productive.\\nCotton is the principal article cultivated.\\nThe summers are very warm. The winters are pleasant. The fol-\\nlowing instances of longevity have come to our knowledge\\nMrs. Oates died at 100; Mr. Golding, over 80; Mr. Guerrv,\\nover 80. Two years ago there were living, Mr. Nun, 80 Mr. Adams,\\n80.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 1,109; families, 1,109;\\nwhite males, 3,346; white females, 3,123; free coloured males, 7;\\nfree coloured females, 11. Total free population, 6,487 slaves, 3,835.\\nDeaths, 140. Farms, 768 manufacturing establishments, 34. Value\\nof real estate, $1,422,960 value of personal estate, $2,219,379.\\nAmong the early settlers were, Martin Mims, W. Mims, Jacob\\nLittle, W. Brady, Edmund Nun, Jared Tomlinson, Thos. Riggins,\\nIsam West, Jjjhj* Ji Hff, A. Wheeler, R. Satler, W. Hubert, W.\\nW. Barlow, E. Cottle, D. Justice, W. Pincher, M. Murphy,\\nW. B. Smith, M. J. Morgan.\\nTALBOT COUNTY.\\nLaid out in 1827; part added to Crawford, 1827. Named after\\nthe Hon. Matthew Talbot. Length, 25 m. breadth, 18 m. area\\nsquare miles, 450.\\nThe Flint River is the chief stream.\\nThe creeks are Patsiliga, Hachasofkee, Lazer, c.\\nThe face of the country is very broken.\\nThe Oak Mountains are in the northern part of the county.\\nThe soil is fertile. The productions are cotton, corn, c.\\nTalbotton is the county site, 93 miles from Milledgeville. The\\nColling-sworth Institute is within a mile of the town.\\nThe climate is mild. The instances of longevity with which we\\nare acquainted are, Mrs. Gambell, who died over 100; Henry Dick-\\nson, over 80 Mr. Simmons, 94. Shadrach Ellis, a soldier of the.\\nRevolution, died at 80.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 1,324 families,\\n1,324; white males, 4,023 white females, 3,770; 6 free coloured males;\\n12 free coloured females. Total free population, 7,811^ slaves,\\n8,723. Deaths, 208. Farms, 928 manufacturing establishments, 46.\\nValue of real estate, $2,241,302; value of personal estate, $4,393,703.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0718.jp2"}, "713": {"fulltext": "TALIAFERRO COUNTY. 643\\nTALIAFERRO COUNTY.\\nLaid out from Wilkes, Warren, Hancock, Greene, and Oglethorpe,\\nin 1825 a part taken from Hancock in 1828 and parts taken from\\nWilkes in 1828and 1835. Named after Colonel Benjamin Taliaferro.\\nLength, 16 m. breadth, 11 m. area square miles, 176.\\nLittle River, and the North and South forks of the Ogeechee, are\\nthe chief streams.\\nThere are excellent lands in* this county.\\nCrawfordville is the county town, situated on the Georgia Rail-\\nroad, 45 miles N. E. of Milledgeville.\\nRaytown is seven miles from Crawfordville.\\nAmong the early settlers were, Geo. Tilley, Wm. Evans, Marcus\\nAndrew, Asa Alexander, Wm. Little, S. Creighton, Wm. Gunn,\\nAmos Stewart, H. Ellington, B.Jones, G.Kent, A. B. Stephens,\\nW. Anderson, R. King, N. Chapman, A. Gresham, S. Harris.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 408 families,\\n408; white males, 1,082; white females, 969; free coloured males,\\n28; free coloured females, 23. Total free population, 2,102 slaves,\\n3,044. Deaths, 88. Farms, 294 manufacturing establishments,\\n16. Value of real estate, $1,272,265; value of personal estate,\\n$1,781,112.\\nIn the year 1800, a number of Roman Catholics emigrated from\\nMaryland, and established a church at Locust Grove,\\nThe Hon. Alexander H. Stephens was born in the present limits\\nof Taliaferro County, February 11th, 1812, about two miles and a\\nhalf from Crawfordville. His grandfather, Alexander Stephens, emi-\\ngrated from England about the year 1750. He was in Braddock s\\narmy at the time of his celebrated defeat. In the war of the Revo-\\nlution he took an early and active part. In 1789 or 90, he removed to\\nGeorgia, and settled on the plantation now owned by the subject of\\nthis sketch. He died in 1 813. Mr. Andrew B. Stephens, the father of\\nAlexander H. Stephens, continued to live on the same place until\\n1826. He was a man of small means, of strict integrity, and un-\\nblemished character.\\nMr. Stephens mother was Margaret Grier, daughter of Aaron Grier,\\nand sister of Robert Grier, the celebrated almanac maker in Georgia,\\nand a distant relative of Mr. Justice Grier, one of the present judges\\nof the Supreme Court of the United States.\\nUpon a division of Mr. Stephens s property, the portion of each of his\\nchildren was $444. The part which fell to his son Alexander, aided\\nby a small legacy from his grandfather, was spent upon his educa-\\ntion. At country schools he acquainted himself pretty well with", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0719.jp2"}, "714": {"fulltext": "644 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nthe rules of arithmetic, and obtained some smattering of geography\\nand English grammar. He was but nine months preparing for College.\\nHis collegiate course was passed at the State University. He was\\ngraduated in 1832, with as much honour as any member of his class.\\nHe did not take a diploma, as it then cost two dollars, and the state\\nof his finances did not, in his opinion, justify an outlay of so much\\nmoney for such an object. Education was what Mr. S. wanted\\nthat he willingly paid for; but as for the sheepskin, it was a matter\\nof no consideration to him. After his graduation, he opened a\\nschool, and realized money sufficient to pay all he had to borrow to\\ncomplete his college course. His health, which was always exceed-\\ningly delicate, at that time required relaxation. The early part of\\n1834 was spent in travelling, and in a few months his health was suf-\\nficiently restored to warrant his application to study. He took up\\nthe law, and was admitted to the bar in Crawfordville, on the 22d of\\nJuly, 1834.\\nIn 1836, he was elected a member of the Legislature from the\\nCounty of Taliaferro. His debut in the House was on the bill to com-\\nmence the Western and Atlantic Railroad. His speech was an able\\none, and elicited the highest admiration. He continued in the House\\nuntil 1841, when he was elected to the Senate. In 1843, he was a\\ncandidate for Congress. The election then was by the State at large,\\nunder the General Ticket system. Mr. Stephens was brought for-\\nward to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of the Hon.\\nMark A. Cooper and he was elected. After this, the State was\\ndivided into Congressional Districts, and Mr. Stephens represented the\\nSeventh District up to the close of the last Congress. Upon a reor-\\nganization of the Congressional Districts, by the Legislatures of 1851\\nand 52, Taliaferro County was put into the Eighth District. At the\\nlate election he was returned from that district. This election was\\nwithout any distinct nomination, or party convention; and although\\nhe had many competitors, his majority over all of them was over three\\nthousand votes the largest majority he ever received. It was an\\nevidence of undiminished popular confidence in Mr. Stephens, that\\nwhile he represented the district, his majority was increased at every\\nelection. He has never been a candidate for any office without being\\nelected.\\nMr. Stephens resides in Crawfordville. After the death of his\\nfather, the plantation was sold. He purchased it in 1839. Local at-\\ntachments, more than anything else, determined the place of Mr. Ste-\\nphens s destiny. He is passionately fond of agricultural pursuits.\\nHe informs us that upon his farm he enjoys more pleasure in one day\\nin rambling over the hills upon which he first gazed in life s opening\\ndawn, than he ever expects to realize in the bustle of public life.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0720.jp2"}, "715": {"fulltext": "TATTNALL COUNTY. 645\\nTATTNALL COUNTY.\\nLaid out from Montgomery in 1801 portions added to Montgome-\\nry in 1812. Named after Josiah Tattnall, formerly Governor of\\nGeorgia. Length, 35 m.; breadth, 34 m. area square miles, 1,190.\\nThe rivers are Ohoopee, Alatamaha, and Cannouchee. There are\\nseveral creeks.\\nIn the lower part of the county, bordering on Liberty, the land is\\nlevel. The other part may be called hilly.\\nThe soil is light and sandy, with the exception of that on the\\nstreams, which is stiff. The productions are the same as those of the\\nadjoining counties. Large quantities of lumber are sent to Darien\\nand Savannah. The value of land varies from fifty cents to one\\ndollar per acre.\\nReidsville is the county town, 120 miles from Milledgeville.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 434 families, 434\\nwhite males, 1,221 white females, 1,157; free coloured males, 10;\\nfree coloured females, 8. Total free population, 2,396; slaves,\\n831. Deaths, 10. Farms, 327; manufacturing establishments,\\n10. Value of real estate, $283,153; value of personal estate,\\n$427,175.\\nAmong the first settlers of this county were, Ezekiel Clifton,\\nEzekiel Stafford, Henry Holland, Stephen Mattock, William\\nColeman, William Eason, George Lewis, Joseph Collins, Na-\\nthan Brewton, Moses Jernigan, Jones Temples, B. Stripling,\\nA. Daniel, John Mattox, Stephen Bowen, E. Bowen, A- McLeod,\\nJohn McFarland, James Turner, James Jones, M. Jones, Jesse\\nCollins, David Boyd, Allen Johnson, Elisha Parker, Elisha\\nCurl, James Tillman, Daniel Highsmith, John McArthur,\\nAlexander Gordon, John Jones, Joshua Dasher, Reuben Nail;\\nLuke Sapp, Benjamin Sapp, John and Grove Sharp, Levi Bowen,\\nLewis Strickland, John Anderson, James Underwood, and John\\nDukes.\\nThe climate is healthy. Disease is almost unknown. Many cases\\nof longevity have occurred, but we have it not in our power to name\\nthem. We would as soon risk our chance for health in the pine lands\\nof Tattnall as in any section of the United States.", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0721.jp2"}, "716": {"fulltext": "646 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nTAYLOR COUNTY.\\nThis is a new county. It was laid out according to an act of the\\nLegislature, passed January 15, 1852, from the counties of Talbot,\\nMacon and Marion, including the following boundaries, viz. Be-\\nginning at Walker s Ferry, on Flint River, in Talbot County, run-\\nning thence along \\\\Valker s Ferry Road to Prattsburg thence due\\nsouth until it strikes the twelve-mile station on lot number 214,\\nin the Fifteenth District of Talbot County thence along the Fort\\nPerry Road to Patsiliga Creek thence up the said creek to the\\ndistrict line between the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Districts thence\\non the said line until it strikes Cedar Creek in Marion County\\nthence down said creek until it strikes Turner s Bridge in Macon\\nCounty thence along the road leading to the Burnt Bridge on\\n\\\\Yhitewater Creek, Macon County thence on a straight line run-\\nning northeast until it strikes Horse Creek, on the southwest corner\\nof lot of land number 162 in the Thirteenth District, Macon Coun-\\ntv thence to the northwest corner of lot number 194 in said dis-\\ntrict thence on a direct line due east until it strikes Flint River be-\\ntween lots numbers 246 and 247 in the First District of Macon Coun-\\nty thence up said river to the mouth of Patsiliga Creek, along the\\nold Talbot line to Walker s Ferry, the starting point.\\nBi:tler is the county site, half a mile from the fifty-mile station,\\non the Muscogee Railroad.\\nRevnolds is on the Columbus branch of the Southwestern Rail-\\nroad, 13 miles from Fort Valley, 12 from Lanier, and 8^ from But-\\nler. It was first settled by Dr. Colman, and named after L. C. Rey-\\nnolds. Esq.\\nEarly Settlers. Governor Towns, Dr. Colman, H. H. Long,\\nJames Ravel, Osborn Downing, J. M. Thompson, S. Taylor, A.\\nAdams, John Jones, B. Posey, Thos. Walden, C. F. Ansley.\\nTELFAIR COUNTY.\\nLaid out in 1807; a part added to Montgomery, 1812; parts taken\\nfrom Appling, 1819 parts added to Montgomery in 1820. Named\\nafter Governor Telfair. Length, 23 m. breadth, 18m.; area square\\nmiles, 414.\\nThe Ocmulgee and the Little Ocmulgee, or Auchee Hachee, are\\nthe principal streams.\\nThe soil is sandy, but productive.\\nJacksonville is the capital, 104 miles south of Milledgeville.\\nLumber City is 16 miles below Jacksonville.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0722.jp2"}, "717": {"fulltext": "TELFAIR COUNTY. 647\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 434 families,\\n434; white males, 1,221; white females, 1,157; free coloured\\nmales, 10; free coloured females, 8. Total free population, 2,396;\\nslaves, 831. Deaths, 10. Farms, 327; manufacturing establish-\\nments, 10. Value of real estate, $283,153; value of personal estate,\\n$427,175.\\nAmong the early settlers of this county were, Joseph Williams,\\nA. Graham, D. Graham, John Wilcox, Thomas Wilcox, Gbxffim\\nMezell, A. McLeod, Robert Boyd, Moses Roundteee, James\\nMooney, Wright Ryall, McDuffee, J. A. Rogers, Ash-\\nley, C. Ashley, John Coffee, W. Ashley, A. Brewer, J. Her-\\nbert, 8. Herbert, J. McCrae, D. McCrae, O. Butler, Locklain\\nLaslie.\\nWe copy the following from a Milledgeville paper\\nThe following was received on Wednesday last, by express to the Governor\\nHartford, March 10th, 1818.\\nSir I have this moment received information through Mr. Isham Jordan, of\\nTelfair County which I rely on, of a skirmish between the Indians and some of\\nthe citizens of Telfair, on the south side of the Ocmulgee River, in the after-\\nnoon of the 9th inst., twenty or twenty-five miles below this.\\nOn the night of the 3d inst-, Joseph Bush and his son were fired upon by a\\nparty of Indians, the father killed, and the son severely wounded and scalped,\\nbut he so far recovered as to reach home in two days after. The citizens having re-\\nceived information of the foregoing facts, assembled on the 9th instant to the num-\\nber of thirty-six, and crossed the river in the forenoon to seek redress. Finding\\nconsiderable signs of Indians, they pursued the trail leading from the river some\\ndistance out, where they came in view of a body of savages, fifty or sixty, ad-\\nvancing within gun-shot. The firing was commenced by each party, and warmly\\nkept up for three-quarters of an hour. A part of the detachment effected their\\nretreat, bringing off one badly wounded; four are certainly killed; the balance\\nof the detachment has not been heard from Major Cothom, (commandant of\\nthe Telfair Militia.) is among the missing. Four Indians were killed.\\nFrom information, the citizens below this are much alarmed, and leaving their\\nhomes. I have thought proper to communicate the foregoing to you by express.\\nI am your Excellency s most obedient servant.\\nRichard H. Thomas, Lieutenant-Colond.\\nIn consequence of the foregoing, the Pulaski Troop of Cavalry has been ordered\\nout by the Executive, to scour the frontier and afford protection to the inhabit-\\nants. Rumour says, that the part of the detachment who are spoken of as having-\\neffected a retreat, fled at the beginning of the action, leaving the rest, most of\\nwhom have since returned, to contend with the Indians. Mitchell Griffis\\nEsq., Senator from Telfair, was among the killed.", "height": "3360", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0723.jp2"}, "718": {"fulltext": "648 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nTHOMAS COUNTY.\\nLaid out from Decatur and Irwin in 1825 part taken from Lowndes\\nin 1826. Named after General Jett Thomas. Length, 37 m. breadth,\\n25 m. area square miles, 925.\\nThe rivers are the Ochlockonee, the Mickasuckee, and Aucila.\\nThe creeks are, Proctor s, Mule, Ocopilco, c\\nThe soil is sandy, but productive.\\nThomasville is the capital, 9 miles east of the Ochlockonee River,\\nand 206 from Miiledgeville.\\nThe Fletcher Institute is located here. At the meeting of the\\nAnnual Conference of Georgia in 1848, a proposition was read from\\nthe citizens of Thomasville, to raise an amount of money for the pur-\\npose of erecting a school of a high order. The proposition was ac-\\ncepted, and the Conference appointed a Board of Trustees to make a\\nsuitable outfit for a High School. In March, 1848, the Trustees met,\\nand were duly organized and the agent, Rev. P. P. Smith, soon after\\nraised money enough to enable him to erect two brick houses, besides\\npurchasing 300 acres of land. The school is now in successful opera-\\ntion. To the exertions of Mr. Smith the institution is indebted for\\nmuch of its prosperity.\\nGrooversville is 18 miles from Thomasville.\\nDuncansville is 12 miles from Thomasville.\\nThe climate does not differ materially from that of Lowndes. The\\ninstances of longevity which have come to our knowledge are, Mr.\\nStanland, over 80 Mr. Sealers, over 80 Mr. McCalla, over 80\\nMr. Sweatman, over 90 Mrs. Donaldson, over 80 Mrs. Collins,\\nover 90.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 338; families, 338;\\nwhite males, 2,576 white females, 2,367 free colourd females, 4.\\nTotal free population, 4,947 slaves, 5,156. Deaths, 125. Farms, 534\\nmanufacturing establishments, 6. Value of real estate, $1,146,230;\\nvalue of personal estate, $2,663,539.\\nBATTLE WITH THE INDIANS.\\nThe following account of a battle that took place between the\\nwhites and Indians, and in which the citizens of Thomas participated,\\nis gleaned from the papers of the day\\nOn the 15th of July, 1836, a severe engagement took place between a party\\nof Creek Indians, on their march to Florida, and several companies of volunteers\\nfrom Thomas and Lowndes counties, under the command of Major M. Young\\none company from Thomas, commanded by Captain James A. Newman, and\\noue company commanded by Captain Tucker; the company from Lowndes com-\\nmanded by Captain Pike these three companies composing the battalion.\\nOn the 11th of July, information was reoeived at Thomasville that a body of", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0724.jp2"}, "719": {"fulltext": "THOMAS COUNTY. 649\\nIndians were seen making their way through the northern part of Thomas Coun-\\nty, to join the Seminole tribe in Florida. This intelligence was received at night,\\nand on the morning of the 12th. a company of brave volunteers, forty-six in\\nnumber, embarked in their country s cause, under the command of Captain New-\\nman, and proceeded on their march to the place where the enemy were seen;\\nand on the 13th arrived within a few. miles of Warrior Creek. Swamp, where the\\nIndians were supposed to be, and camped. The next morning a detachment of\\nmen were sent out as scouts, and after proceeding four miles on their way, dis-\\ncovered fifteen Indians between Warrior Creek and Little River, about a mile\\nand a half above the fork. The troops then started upon a forced march, direct-\\ning their course to a ford of the river, four miles below, thinking to intercept the\\nIndians at a certain place where it was supposed they would leave the swamp,\\nwhen the companies from Thomas and Lowndes united their forces, and placed\\nthemselves under the command of Major Young, of Thomas. The troops then\\nadvanced to the river, and after swimming their horses, resumed their march for\\nthe place where they expected to meet the enemy; but upon arriving there,\\nthey could make no discovery. It was then concluded to scour the swamp, which\\nwas two miles and a half in length. Every sixth man was detailed to guard\\nthe horses; they then entered the swamp, and after marching nearly through it,\\na tremendous rain came on. Calling a halt until it was nearly over, the pilot got\\nbewildered and lost, and said that he knew not which way to direct his course.\\nAnother guide was procured, who, after some difficulty, succeeded in carrying the\\ntroops back to their horses. Not one Indian was seen after marching until the\\nmen were worn down with fatigue, who were ordered to mount their horses and\\nmarched back three miles, where they could get provisions, and encamped that\\nnight.\\nDuring the evening, Captain Sharpe and Captain Tucker joined the troops\\nshortly after they had reached their horses on returning from the swamp. Cap-\\ntain Hamilton W. Sharpe was ordered to remain near where they had entered the\\nswamp. Much credit is due to Captain Sharpe for his vigilance and perseverance\\nin discovering where the enemy were.\\nEarly on the morning of the 15th, Captain Sharpe and his company came\\nupon their trail, and following it some distance, discovered a body of Indiaus,\\nnearly one hundred in number. He immediately dispatched a man to give the\\nintelligence, which, when it reached the little band, aroused in them a spirit of\\nunconquerable pride and patriotic bravery. They were soon upon their horses,\\nand, in high spirits, the gallant little army was led away to meet the murderous\\nfoe. In a few moments they met Captain Sharpe, who had had an engagement\\nwith the enemy and retreated, with the loss of one man killed and one wounded,\\nwho piloted them to where the Indians were, and after marching two miles in\\npursuit of them, the advance-guard was fired upon in a kind of meadow, near a\\npond in open pine woods. A charge was immediately ordered, and the troops\\ngallantly entered the conflict. Never did a braver little crew march into an ene-\\nmy s field; like veterans they stood the shock, the savages pouring a heavy\\nfire into their ranks. Buoyed up by the love of country, and ready to protect\\nits sacred altars, they rushed upon the foe, and put them to flight, continuing to\\npour volley upon volley into their midst as they fled, pursuing them nearly three", "height": "3308", "width": "1856", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0725.jp2"}, "720": {"fulltext": "650 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nmiles, through several ponds, into a large swamp, killing two of the only three\\nthat were seen to enter it. The number of Indians was supposed to be be-\\ntween sixty and seventy, out of which number twenty-two were killed, and\\ntwo negroes; eighteen were captured nine squaws and nine children. The\\nvolunteers numbered about one hundred and twenty, out of which they sustained\\na loss of two men killed, and eight wounded, but none of them mortally.\\ny\\nTROUP COUNTY.\\nThis county was laid out in 1826; a part set off to Meriwether\\nand Harris in 1827; and a part to Heard in 1830. Named after\\nGovernor Troup. Length, 28 m. breadth, 24 in. area square miles,\\n672.\\nThe principal stream is the Chattahoochee, with numerous creeks\\nas its tributaries.\\nThe country is broken. The soil is productive, although much of\\nit is worn. The productions are cotton, corn, wheat, c.\\nThe climate is pleasant, and may be considered healthy, although\\nin some seasons diseases are fatal. For instances of old age this\\ncounty is remarkably distinguished. When the last census was taken,\\nthere were living, Robert Bradford, aged 80 W. C. Barksdale,\\n80; Sarah Cameron, 84; J. Hening, 80; Mrs. Timmons, 81\\nMrs. Gray, 82; Lvdell Estis, 87; Martha Estis, 80; Polly O.\\nJohnson, 81 Julia Galain, 83 Nancy Lasseter, 81 Ann King,\\n80 Robert Booth, 82; Mr. Dugger, 80; Anderson Harwell, 81\\nMargaret Anderson, 90 Wm. Strong, 95 Henry Walston, 82\\nSimon Hughs, 85 P. Hatcher, 85 Orange Davis, 80 Elisabeth\\nGoody, 90 Martha Stephens, 88 Ferruby Hubbard, 66 John\\nPatterson, 82 Agnus Carr, 80 Elisabeth Smith, 87 Thomas\\nSnedley, 82 Jacob Reid, 80 Hannah Scroggins, 80. Malden\\nAmos died at 99 Wm. Thomason, 92 Joseph Johnson, 80 Mrs.\\nRallins, 92 Frances Thornton, 108 Mr. Potts, 95 a negro\\nbelonging to the Rev. Mr. Wilson, at 140 Benj. Hemp, 100; Mrs.\\nClara Harris, 85. The list might be increased, but our limits will\\nnot permit.\\nAccording to the census of 1850, there were in the county 1,295\\ndwellings; 1,333 families 3,897 white males 3,892 white females\\n19 free coloured males 23 free coloured females. Total free popu-\\nlation, 7,831 slaves, 9,048. Deaths, 148. Farms, 789 manufac-\\nturing establishments, 8. Value of real estate, $1,225,250; value of\\npersonal estate, $2,820,230.\\nLa Grange is the county town, 6 miles S. E. of the Chattahoochee", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0726.jp2"}, "721": {"fulltext": "TROUP COUNTY,\\n651\\nRiver, 130 miles W. of Milledgeville. Population, 1,500. Incorpo-\\nrated in 1828.\\nThe schools of La Grange for many years have been highly cele-\\nbrated.\\nThe Southern Female College of La Grange is situated in the\\neastern part of the town, presenting a commanding view from the rail-\\nroad. The premises extend over a space of fifteen acres, shaded by\\na most beautiful native grove. This institution was founded in the\\nyear 1843; incorporated in 1849; number of professors and teach-\\ners, 10; average number of pupils, 200; expenses of board and tui-\\ntion, per annum, from $165 to $220. It has been for ten years under\\nthe charge of Mr. Milton E. Bacon, A. M., who is its President and\\nproprietor.\\ni^3Si5\u00c2\u00a7M$i\u00c2\u00bb^\u00c2\u00a3i\\nLA GRANGE FEMALE COLLEGE.\\nThe above institution was established in the year 1845, by Mr.\\nJoseph T. Montgomery, who still presides over it. It began its\\ncareer with twelve little girls, and for the last six years has averaged\\ntwo hundred and forty pupils. The board of instruction is composed\\nof professors and assistants to the number of fourteen. The course\\nof study embraces the usual collegiate branches, except the Greek\\nlanguage, which, however, is taught to all who desire it. The library,\\napparatus, c, are extensive, and quite sufficient for all the purposes\\nof a college. The facilities for musical instruction are of a superior\\ncharacter, the department being always headed by artists of the\\nhighest worth and most distinguished reputation. There are two\\nliterary societies established for the intellectual improvement of their\\nmembers. The college building has but few, if any, equals in the", "height": "3308", "width": "1856", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0727.jp2"}, "722": {"fulltext": "652 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OP GEORGIA.\\nSouth. The principal edifice is of granite, 120 feet long by 60 feet\\nwide, and four stories high. Its cost was thirty-five thousand dollars.\\nThe entire investment for the outfit of the college has been seventy-\\nfive thousand dollars.\\nWe cannot permit this opportunity to pass without expressing the\\nopinion, that the unwearied exertions of Messrs. Montgomery and Ba-\\ncon to promote the cause of education in Georgia, richly entitle them\\nnot only to the gratitude, but also to the support of her citizens.\\nThere are schools for males in La Grange, of a high order of cha-\\nracter.\\nMountville is 9 miles from La Grange.\\nHarrisonville is 10 miles from La Grange.\\nLong Cane is 9 miles west of La Grange.\\nWest Point is on both sides of the Chattahoochee. The town is\\nconnected by a bridge 550 feet long, built at a cost of $16,000.\\nTroup Factory is 10 miles S. E. of La Grange. Capital, $42,000.\\nAmong the early settlers were, E. S. Harris, John E. Morgan,\\nWm. H. Cooper, Joseph Bird, James Culverson, Silas Tatom, W.\\nC. Mays, Robert Hall, Adam and John Harden, James Ringer,\\nJohn Fendley, Wm. J. Sterling, Nicholas Johnson, Samuel Reid,\\nJames Herring, John Herring, Howell W. Jenkins, James Mat-\\ntox, Archibald Harris, Gideon Riddle, Colonel David W. Morgan,\\nJeremiah Robbins, James Jones, John Sip, A. M. Lane, James R.\\nLaws, Jacob Gerard, John Adams, James W. Fannin, Sen., Isaac\\nRoss, General S. Bailey, Henry Rogers, Wm. Dougherty, Lewis\\nMuckleroy, David Culverson, H. L. Wilkinson, Josephus Sparks,\\nJames Love, Isaac Mitchell, Joel D. Newsome, James Flowers,\\nM. Mattox, P. Hightower, W. Horton, Dr. Charles Cannon,\\nH. S. Smith, James Amos, Geo. H. Traylor, Rev. C. W. Key,\\nJohn E. Gage, R. H. Lane, Thos. Cameron, John Hill.\\nHon. Edward Young Hill was born in Abbeville District, S. C, in\\n1812. When a lad, he was placed by an elder brother, now a citizen of\\nAugusta, at Franklin College. After his education, he read law, and\\nupon his admission to the bar, settled at Monticello, in Jasper County,\\nwhere, in a short time, he placed hinlself at the head of his profession.\\nHis excellent understanding, his benevolent disposition, and his affable\\nmanners, led the people of Jasper to elect him their representative, and\\nafterwards Senator. In the session of 1836, he bore a conspicuous\\npart in the adoption of our great scheme of Internal Improvement, and\\ngave to it all the aid of his talents. In 1838, he was elected a judge\\nof the Ocmulgee Circuit. Judge Hill was a candidate for Governor,\\nbut was defeated by George W. Towns. He is distinguished for his\\nfaculty of attention and calm analysis. His unquestioned integrity,\\nhis pure impartiality, his entire freedom from all prejudices, and his\\nabstinence from partisan activity, made his judicial administration\\nvery popular.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0728.jp2"}, "723": {"fulltext": "TROUP COUNTY. 653\\n*Hon. Hugh Anderson Haralson was born in Greece County,\\nGeorgia, on the 13th of November, 1805. He was prepared for col-\\nlege under teachers of high reputation, was graduated at our State\\nUniversity in 1825, and immediately commenced the study of law.\\nThe Legislature passed a special act, authorizing him to practise be-\\nfore he was twenty-one.\\nHe first entered upon his profession at Monroe, Walton County,\\nand afterwards removed to La Grange, where he has since resided.\\nIn 1831 and 1832, he was elected to the Legislature. In 1837 and\\n1838, he was elected to the Senate of Georgia. As Major-General,\\nhe offered his services to the Governor of the State, and afterwards\\nto the President of the United States, after the commencement of the\\nMexican War. In 1842, 1844, 1846, he was elected a member of\\nCongress. Jn 1847, he was Chairman of the Committee on Military\\nAffairs, and has at all times stood forth in defence of the army.\\nFor a full account of this gentleman, the reader can refer to the\\nHistory of Congress, by Henry G. Wheeler, page 251, from which\\nthe above facts were gathered.\\nThe following incidents were taken from an old newspaper\\nThe Burnt Village: a Tale of the Indian Wars. The Burnt Village lies\\nsix or eight miles west of La Grange, in the county of Troup, on the west bank\\nof the Chattahoochee River, where the great Wehadka Creek pours its waters\\ninto that river. Previous to the year 1793, it was the great central point of the\\nMuscogee nation, the crossing-place of all the trading and marauding parties of\\nthat nation west of the Chattahoochee, where the untamed savages met to\\narrange and mature their plans for making those nocturnal attacks upon the\\nhelpless and unprotected settlers on the outskirts of he white settlements, by\\nwhich consternation and dismay were spread throughout the land; and the sparse\\npopulation of the country at that time, for mutual safety, was forced to concen-\\ntrate in forts, hastily thrown up on the borders; the place where the scalp, with\\nits crimsoned tresses of many a maid and matron, and the flaxen locks of the lit-\\ntle blue-eyed boy, have been the cause of deep savage exultation, as the warrior\\nin triumph would pile the blood-stained trophies, and describe to the half-aston-\\nished and delighted women and children of the forest, the dying shrieks and\\nscreams of the slaughtered victims.\\nIt was after one of those predatory excursions of the Creek Indians into the\\nsettlements of the whites and the ashes of many a building and murdered fa-\\nmily told of their prowess that other plans of murder and plunder had been ar-\\nranged, and the warriors of the nation had assembled at the little town of which\\nwe are speaking, to the number of several hundred, to celebrate the Green\\nCorn Dance, as was their custom, and to take the black drink, an ablution deemed\\nnecessary to reconcile the Great Spirit to the enterprise in which they were\\nabout to engage. A few hundred men, under the command of Colonel M. and\\nMajor Adams, who had volunteered and resolved to strike a blow at the heart of\\nthe nation, arrived within a few miles of the river, and waited for the setting\\nof the sun to advance to its bank, to cross and take the enemy by surprise.\\nThis gentleman has recently been numbered among the dead.", "height": "3308", "width": "1856", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0729.jp2"}, "724": {"fulltext": "654 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OP GEORGIA.\\nNight came, and they were halted in silence on the bank of the river oppo-\\nsite the Indian town. All was hushed and still as death not a sound was\\nheard save the savage yell and war-whoop of the Indian, with occasionally a\\nmonotonous war-song, bursting forth amid the revelry, in which all ages\\nand sexes seemed to join. The moon had begun to shed a dim light through\\npiles of clouds, and the water, breaking over the rocks, had the appeaiance of\\nthe ghosts of the murdered whites, calling on their brethren upon the bank to\\ntake signal vengeance, or admonishing them of great danger; and many were\\nthere who heard sounds in the air strange moanings, and screams of Be-\\nware. But there was amongst them one who was unappalled. The night\\nwas far spent, and the noise from the other bank had ceased the voice of\\nthe wearied Indian was hnshed and still all had sunk to rest, or the little army\\nhad been discovered. Not a sound was heard save the rippling of the stream\\ntwas a solemn pause; but time was precious, the blow must be struck, or all would\\nbe lost.\\nIt was proposed to Colonel M. and Major Adams to cross the river and as-\\ncertain the situation of the Indians, so as to be able to lead their little band to\\ncertain victory. Colonel M. declined the hazardous enterprise. Major Adams\\nresolved to go, and sought a companion but he had nearly despaired of finding\\n.one who would volunteer to share his dangers, when a small and very feeble man,\\nwhose name was Hill, advanced from the ranks and proposed to accompany him.\\nMajor Adams and his companion set out together but the force of the current\\nsoon overpowered the brave Hill, and swept him down the stream. Major\\nAdams sprang to his relief, and at the imminent hazard of his own life, rescued\\nhis friend from a watery grave; with his athletic arms he buffeted the rapid cur-\\nrent, and bore the exhausted Hill to the bank which they had left. He then\\nset out alone. The ford which he had to pass was narrow and difficult making\\nin a direct line across the*river, nearly half way, opposite which was an island;\\nit then turned down the stream a quarter of a mile or more, over rocks and shoals,\\nsometimes scarcely knee deep, then up to the neck and the trunks and limbs of\\nold trees, which had drifted upon the island, with the dim light of the moon shin-\\ning through clouds, cast upon them, had the appearance of so many savages ready\\nto pounce upon their victim; but with a firm step Major Adams proceeded, and\\nsoon reached the bank in safety.\\nThe town was situated on the edge of the river swamp, about three hundred\\nyards from the water, and so numerous and intricate were the paths leading\\nin every direction from the ford into the swamp, and the darkness produced by\\nthe thick undergrowth was so great, that when he reached the hill, or dry\\nland, he discovered by the fire around which the Indians had kept their re-\\nvels and dance, shooting up, occasionally, a meteoric blaze, that he was far\\nbelow the point at which he aimed. Bending his course cautiously along the\\nmargin of the swamp, he soon reached the border of the town an Indian dog\\nseemed to be the only sentinel, and after a few half growls and barkings, as\\nthough he had but dreamed, sunk away into perfect quiet. In a few moments he\\nwas in the centre of the town. In addition to those in the cabins, innumerable\\nwarriors, with their rifles and tomahawks in their arms, lay stretched and snor-\\ning in every direction the earth was literally covered with them.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0730.jp2"}, "725": {"fulltext": "TROUP COUNTY. 655\\nMajor Adams examined the fastenings of the cabin doors, by running his hand\\nthrough the cracks and feeling the log of wood or the peg by which they were\\nsecured. He was convinced that no alarm had been given, and that the Indians\\ndid not suspect an enemy was so near. A huge savage, close to whom he was\\npassing, raised himself upon his elbow, grasped his rifle, and looked around, as\\nthough he heard, or dreamed he heard, strange footsteps. Major Adams perceiv-\\ning him stir, threw himself down amidst a group of snoring Indians the warrior\\nperceiving nothing unusual, concluded he had dreamed, and again sunk into the\\narms of sleep. Our hero proceeded cautiously, examining with a military eye\\nevery point of attack and defence, arranged his plans, and was returning to the\\nanxious army on the other bank of the river. His exertion in crossing the river\\nhad been great he was fatigued, and perceiving an Indian pony tied to a sap-\\nling, and believing that the little animal would pursue the ford to which it was\\nmost accustomed, and probably show him one less difficult than that at which\\nhe had crossed, he resolved to ride it over the river. He did not perceive the bell\\nwhich hung around its neck frightened at his approach, it snapped the rope of\\nbark with which it was fastened, and scampered off through the town with a\\nhundred dogs at its heels, whose yells and the tingling bell produced a frightful\\nroar through the wilderness. The clattering of Indian voices was heard in every\\ndirection. Major Adams sprang towards the river, but missed his path, and found\\nhimself surrounded by the briers and thick undergrowth of the river swamp.\\nThe Indians passed within a few paces of the place where he stood, half sus-\\npended by the briers, in the air; and returning from their fruitless search, he\\nthought he heard them speak of strange sights and sounds, such as were told in\\nRome of the fall of Great Caesar. They returned, and again slept.\\nMajor Adams proceeded in a direct line to the river, glided into the stream,\\nand swam quietly and safely to the other bank. He told what he had seen, and\\nstated his plans of attack. The little army listened, amazed and delighted with\\ntheir gallant leader; each individual felt that the danger to which he had ex-\\nposed himself was that theirs might be lessened, and with one voice, when or-\\nders were given to march, declared that they would be led by no other com-\\nmander than their own intrepid Adams. Colonel M. was forced to yield. They\\nwere led across by Major Adams, and it is needless to say, to victory, without\\nthe loss of a man.\\nScarcely a warrior escaped. The town was burned; but as far as possible, the\\nwomen and children, of even the savages, were saved.\\nPosts may yet be seen standing in the midst of the saplings grown up where\\nthe town was burned, which are the only remains that serve to point out to the\\ntraveller the place where stood the Burnt Village.", "height": "3308", "width": "1856", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0731.jp2"}, "726": {"fulltext": "656 HISTORICAL. COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nTWIGGS COUNTY.\\nLaid out from Wilkinson in 1809, and part added to Bibb in 1833.\\nLength, 25 m. breadth, 14 pi. area square miles, 350. Named af-\\nter General John Twiggs, of Revolutionary memory.\\nThe upper part of the county is broken.\\nOn Turkey Creek and OcmulgeeRiver the lands are fertile.\\nThe Ocmulgee River forms most of the western boundary.\\nMarion is the county town, 36 miles S. W. of Milledgeville.\\nTarversville is in the S. W. corner of the county.\\nJeffersonville is six miles from Marion,.\\nBurrstone of good quality is found in Twiggs.\\nAccording to the census of 1850, there were 696 dwellings, 696\\nfamilies, 1,795 white males, 1,722 white females 20 free coloured\\nmales 22 free coloured females Total free population, 3,559\\nslaves, 4,620. Deaths, 107. Farms, 367. Value of real estate,\\n$1,001,142. Value of personal estate, $3,121,795.\\nAmong the first settlers were, Arthur Fort, E. Wimherly, Wm.\\nPerry, Henry Wall, Wm. Crocker, Gen. Tarver, Ira Peck, John\\nFulton, John Everitt, D. Williams, Joel Denson, S. Jones, Wil-\\nlis Hodgins, Milton Wilder, Josiah Murphy, Davis Lowery, C.\\nJohnson, C. A. Thorpe, John Davis, C. W. Melton, B. Ray, S.\\nHarrell, T. Harrington, H. Sullivan.\\nAmong the instances of longevity which have come to our notice\\nare the following Mrs. Nancy Chappell, aged 81 years John\\nKeith died at 90 Mr. John Denson at 90; Major James Gordon\\nat 91. He was in Braddock s defeat, and bore the name of King Corn-\\nStalk. He died in a state of delirium, abusing the enemy.\\nJohn Shine died in 1832. He was born in North Carolina, 1759,\\nand devoted a pari of his youth to the service of his country in the\\nRevolutionary War, under the command of General Caswell, and\\nwas at the battle near Camden, S. C, in 1780. His recollection of\\nthe events of that day was perfect almost to the last hour the portly\\nfifrure and animated countenance of Baron De Kalb, and the bleach-\\ned locks and early flight of General Gates on that occasion, were vi-\\nvidly retained in his mind.\\nHenry Sapp, a Revolutionary hero, died in this county on the 29th\\nof October, 1829, aged 83 and on the same day, Remilson Sapp, his\\nwife, at 93. This venerable pair were married several years previous\\nto the Revolution, and lived in the happy fruition of domestic life for\\nthe period of sixty-five years. The remarkable coincidence of their\\ndissolution within a few hours of each other, seemed to be in accord-\\nance with their mutual .desire, expressed a short time before death.\\nAs a soldier and a patriot, during the arduous struggle of the Revo-\\nlution, and as a citizen during the long period which has since elapsed,", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0732.jp2"}, "727": {"fulltext": "UNION COUNTY. 657\\nMr. Sapp was emphatically an honest man, the noblest work of\\nGod.\\nMr. Arthur Fort died in this county, in the 85th year of his age.\\nHe had been a resident and a citizen of Georgia for 75 years a sol-\\ndier and a statesman of the Revolution, a member of the Committee\\nof Safety in the darkest hour of that straggle, when the whole of\\nthe powers of government rested in the hands of only three men\\nand afterwards, for many years, he Was retained in honourable sta-\\ntions by the people. A fervid, patriotic zeal, characterized his life\\nto its latest hour. For nearly fifty years, he led the life of a Chris-\\ntian, and his death was truly the Christian s death.\\nColonel John Lawson died in April, 1816, after an illness of only\\ntwo days. He had literally grown gray in the service of his coun-\\ntry. It is well known that during the Revolutionary struggle, he\\ntook an active part in behalf of freedom. He lived many years af-\\nter, to enjoy the blessings of his hard toils.\\nThe first Superior Court for this county was held in November,\\n1811, at Marion. Presiding Judge, the Hon. Peter Early.\\nfirst grand jurors.\\nFrancis Powell, Wm. Grimes,\\nN. Bugby, Robins Andrews,\\nA. Wood, Wm. Cloud,\\nWm. Ford, John Matthews,\\nJohn Welkinson, John Young,\\nTnos. C. Heidleburge, Arthur Fort, Jr.,\\nB. Joiner, John Hawthorn,\\nS. Barbaree, Ashley Wood,\\nWm. Herrishill, S. Dick,\\nT. Pearce, Joiin Evans.\\nWm. Carr,\\nUNION COUNTY.\\nLaid out from Cherokee, and organized in 1832.\\nThe chief streams are, the Hiwassee, Notley, and Teccoa rivers.\\nBlairsville is the seat of justice, situated in the midst of the\\nBlue Ridge, distant from Milledgeville 165 miles.\\nThe county has some excellent lands, mostly on the bottoms and\\ncreeks.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 1,141; families,\\n1,141; white males, 3,536; white females, 3,419; 1 free coloured\\nmale. Total free population, 6,956 slaves, 278. Deaths, 64.\\n42", "height": "3308", "width": "1856", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0733.jp2"}, "728": {"fulltext": "658 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nFarms, 911 manufacturing establishments, 3. Value of real estate,\\n$485,688 value of personal estate, $282,769.\\nAmongst the early settlers were, John B. Chastain, John Butt, J. P.\\nWelborn, Moses Anderson, Elisha Hunt, Lewis Vanzant, J. M.\\nGreer, Geo. W. Gaddis, James Gaddis, Sen., Martin England,\\nJ. Birch, Jesse Osborn, Josiah Carter, P. D. Maroney, Colonel\\nJohn Hudgins, Wm. Matthews, John West, John Heddrick, John\\nNorton, James Crow, Edward Chastain.\\nThe Blue Ridge crosses Union, and its different peaks are distin-\\nguished by the names of Ivy Log, Cooper s Creek, Ball, c\\nMinerals are abundant.\\nENCHANTED MOUNTAIN.\\nThe following account was written by Dr. Stevenson, of Dah-\\nlonega\\nThe elevation of this mountain is considerable compared with the Blue Ridge,\\nof which it forms a part, the latter being at this point probably 4,000 feet above\\nthe Atlantic level. The main chain of mountains is about fifteen miles broad,\\nand forms the great natural barrier between the eastern and western waters.\\nThe Enchanted Mountain is a spur of this chain, about ten miles north of it, and\\nderives its name from a great number of tracks or impressions of the feet and\\nhands of various animals in the rocks, which appear above its surface. The number\\nvisible or defined is one hundred and thirty-six, some of them quite natural and\\nperfect, others rather rude imitations, and most of them, from the effects of time,\\nhave become more or less obliterated. They comprise human feet from those of\\nfour inches in length to that of the great warrior, which measures seventeen and a\\nhalf inches in length, and seven and three-quarters in breadth across the toes. What\\nis a little curious, all the human feet are natural, except this, which has six toes,\\nproving him to have been a descendant, of Titan. There are twenty-six of these\\nimpressions, all bare, save one, which has the appearance of having worn moc-\\ncasins. A fine-turned hand, rather delicate, occupied a place near the great\\nwarrior, and is probably the impression of his wife s hand, who, no doubt, accom-\\npanied her husband in all his excursions, sharing his toils, and soothing his cares.\\nMany horse tracks are to be seen. One seems to have been shod. Some aie\\nvery small, and one measures twelve and a half inches by nine and a half\\ninches. This, the Indians say, was the great war-horse which their chieftain\\nrode. The tracks of a great many turkeys, turtles, terrapins, a large bear s paw,\\na snake, and two deer, are to be seen.\\nThe Indian tradition respecting these impressions varies. One tradition as-\\nserts that the world was once deluged by water, and man and all animated\\nbeings were destroyed, except one family, together with various animals neces-\\nsary to replenish the earth that the great canoe once rested on this spot and\\nhere the whole troop of animals was disembarked, leaving the impressions as\\nthey passed over the rock, which, being softened by reason of long submersion,\\nkindly received and entertained them. Others believe that a very sanguinary", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0734.jp2"}, "729": {"fulltext": "UNION COUNTY. 659\\nconflict took place here, at a very remote period, between the Creeks and\\nCherokees, and that these images of hieroglyphics were made to commemorate\\nthat event. They say that it always rains when any one visits the spot, as if\\nsympathetic nature wept at the recollection of the sad catastrophe which\\nthey were intended to commemorate. A late tradition asserts it to be the\\nsanctuary of the Great Spirit, who is so much provoked at the presumption of\\nman in attempting to approach so near the throne of Divine Majesty, that he\\ncommands the elements to proclaim his power and indignation by awful thun-\\nderings and lightning, accompanied by deluges of rain, that his subjects might be\\nkept in awe and fear, and constrained to venerate and adore their God.\\nOn the morning of the 3d of September, 1834, our party left the Nacoochee\\nValley, for the purpose of verifying those traditions, which for the last half cen-\\ntury have created so much interest and curiosity in the minds of speculative\\nphilosophers.\\nAt six A. M. we arrived at the summit of the mountain. As we approached\\nit, the heavens, which before for several days and nights had worn a brightened\\ncountenance, began to scowl and threaten we advanced with a quickened pace\\nto the foot of the rock, and spread out our breakfast on the table of stone,\\npoured out a libation to appease the wrath of Jupiter, drank a few appropriate\\nsentiments, and then, with a chisel and hammer, commenced the resurrection of\\none of the tracks. Notwithstanding I believe I possess as little superstition as\\nany one, yet I could not suppress a strange sensation that pervaded me. A\\nthousand circumstances were identified with the present: a sanguinary\\nand long-contested battle had evidently been fought here, from the large\\nand extensive heaps of loose rocks which were piled over the slain the\\nsacred veneration the Indians have for their dead their present and former\\nrelations to the whites The tradition being so com-\\npletely fulfilled, rather astonished me for no sooner did we arrive on conse-\\ncrated ground, than it began to threaten, and the first stroke of the hammer in\\nthe sacrilegious act of raising the track of a human being, was responded to by a\\nloud peal of thunder; the clouds continued to thicken and condense, attended\\nwith awful thundering and the most vivid lightning, when soon a deluge of rain\\nwas precipitated upon our offending heads. I continued, however, to labour in-\\ncessantly, until I succeeded in disintegrating the impression of a youth s foot,\\nwhich I carefully wrapped up, and sounded a retreat, still, however, looking back\\ntowards the sepulchres of the slain, in momentary expectation of seeing a legion\\nof exasperated ghosts issuing forth to take vengeance on the infidel who would\\npresume to disturb the sacred relics of the dead. As soon as we passed the con-\\nfines of the mountain, the rain ceased, the sun broke out, and all nature resumed\\nher cheerful aspect. At nightfall we encamped upon the summit of the Blue\\nRidge, and after partaking of some corn dodgers and cheese, we retired to\\nrest. The rock upon which these impressions are made is an imperfect species\\nof soapstone, which, more than any other circumstance, induced us to believe it\\nto be a production of art.\\nAfter excessive fatigue, and no inconsiderable danger, we arrived at the sum-\\nmit, of the Blue Ridge, where was presented to our enraptured view one of the\\nmost magnificent scenes anywhere to be met with in the United States. On the", "height": "3308", "width": "1856", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0735.jp2"}, "730": {"fulltext": "660 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nnorth and west, range after range of lofty mountains rise by regular gradation,\\none above another, until they are lost in distance. On the east is the Tray\\nMountain, peering above the clouds, and giving rise to several mighty rivers.\\nSouthward appears Old Yonah in the distance, rising proudly pre-eminent above\\nthe surrounding battlements, maintaining an isolated dignity, and calling forth\\nthe most unqualified strains of approbation.\\nIn the evening we descended in a northwestern direction, and encamped\\nwithin four miles of the Enchanted Mountain. The country here presents a\\nmost charminir prospect. The gently undulating hills covered a carpet of the\\nrichest verdure the deep green foliage of the trees, and the countless variety\\nof the most splendid flowers, scattered in gay profusion over the whole face of the\\ncountry, gave it the appearance of enchantment.\\nINDIAN LEGEND.\\nA century ago, a bitter war raged between the Catawba and Che-\\nrokee tribes of Indians. In one of those frequent and bold excursions\\ncommon among the wild inhabitants of the forest, the son of the prin-\\ncipal Cherokee chief surprised and captured a large town belonging\\nto the Catawba tribe.\\nAmong the captives was the daughter of the first chief of the Ca-\\ntawbas, named Hiwassee, (or the pretty fawn.) A young hero of\\nthe Cherokees, whose name was Notley, (or the daring horseman,)\\ninstantly became captivated with the majestic beauty and grace-\\nful manners of his royal captive and was overwhelmed with de-\\nlight, upon finding his love reciprocated by the object of his heart s\\nadoration. With two attendants, he presented himself before the\\nCatawba warrior, who happened to be absent when his town was\\ntaken by the Cherokees, to whom he gave a brief statement of re-\\ncent occurrences, and then demanded his daughter in marriage. The\\nproud Catawba, lifting high his war-club, knitting his brow, and curl-\\ning his lips, with scorn declared, that as the Catawbas drank the waters\\nof the east, and the Cherokees the waters of the west, when this inso-\\nlent and daring lad could find where these waters united, then, and\\nnot until then, might the hateful Cherokee unite with the daughter of\\nthe great Catawba. Discouraged, but not despairing, Notley turned\\naway from the presence of the proud and unfeeling father of the\\nbeautiful Hiwassee, and resolved to search for a union of the eastern\\nwith the western waters, which was then considered an impossibility.\\nAscending the pinnacle of the great chain of the Alleghanies, more\\ncommonly called the Blue Ridge, which is known to divide the wa-\\nters of the Atlantic from those of the great West, and traversing its\\ndevious and winding courses, he could frequently find springs running\\neach way, and having their source within a few paces of each other,\\nbut this was not what he desired.\\nDay after day was spent in the arduous business, and there ap-\\npeared no hope that his energy and perseverance would be rewarded.\\nBut on a certain day, when he had well nigh exhausted himself with", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0736.jp2"}, "731": {"fulltext": "UNION COUNTY. 661\\nhunger and other privations, he came to a lovely spot on the summit\\nof the ridge, affording a delightful plain. Here he resolved to repose\\nand refresh himself during the sultry portion of the day. Seating\\nhimself upon the ground, and thinking upon Hivvassee, he saw three\\nyoung fawns moving towards a small lake, the stream of which was\\nrippling at his feet; and whilst they were sipping the pure drops\\nfrom the transparent pool, our hero found himself unconsciously\\ncreeping towards them. Untaught in the wiles of danger, the little\\nfawns gave no indication whatever of retiring. Notley had now ap-\\nproached so near, that he expected in a moment, by one leap, to lay\\nhold and capture one, at least, of the spotted prey when, to his\\nsurprise, he saw another stream running out of the beautiful lake\\ndown the western side of the mountain. Springing forward with the\\nbound of a forest deer, and screaming with frantic joy, he exclaimed,\\nHiwassee O Hiwassee I have found it.\\nThe romantic spot is within a few miles of Claytonville. Having\\naccomplished his object, he set out for the residence of Hiwassee s\\nfather, accompanied only by one warrior, and fortunately for the\\nsuccess of the enterprise, he met the beautiful maiden with some\\nconfidential attendants half a mile from her father s house. She in-\\nformed him that her father was indignant at his proposals, that\\nhe would not regard his promises. I will fly with you to the\\nmountains, said Hiwassee, but my father will never consent to our\\nmarriage. Notley then pointed her to a mountain in the distance,\\nand said if he found her there, he should drink of the waters that\\nflowed from the beautiful lake. A few moments afterwards, Notley\\nmet the Catawba chief near the town, and at once informed him of\\nhis wonderful discovery, and offered to conduct him to the place.\\nThe Catawba chief, half choked with rage, accused Notley with the\\nintention of deceiving him, in order to get him near the line of terri-\\ntory, where the army of the Cherokees were waiting to kill him.\\nBut, said he, as you have spared my daughter, so will I spare you,\\nand permit you at once to depart but I have sworn you shall never\\nmarry my daughter, and I can t swear false. You can t swear\\nfalse exclaimed Notley then, by the Great Spirit, she is mine\\nand the next moment he disappeared in a thick forest. That night\\nbrought no sleep to the Catawba chief, for Hiwassee did not return.\\nPursuit was made in vain. He saw his daughter no more.\\nNotley, bounding through the mountains, soon met his beloved\\nHiwassee. Solemnizing the marriage according to the customs of\\ntheir country, they led a retired life in those wild regions for three\\nyears, and upon hearing the death of his father, Notley settled in the\\ncharming valley of the river on the western side of the mountain, and\\ncalled it Hiwassee, after his beautiful spouse. In process of time he\\nwas unanimously chosen first chief of the Cherokees, and was the\\ninstrument of making perpetual peace between his tribe and the Ca-\\ntawbas.\\nGold has been found in many places in this section.", "height": "3308", "width": "1856", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0737.jp2"}, "732": {"fulltext": "662 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nLanman, in his very interesting book entitled Letters from the\\nAlleghany Mountains, gives many amusing anecdotes connected with\\nthe gold region. Among them are the following\\nAmong those who obtained prizes at the great drawing, was an individual\\nfrom the southern part of the State, who drew a lot in this region. In process\\nof time he came to explore his property, and had called at the house of a\\nfarmer near his land for the purpose of obtaining a guide.\\nIn conversing with the farmer, he took occasion to express his dislike to the\\nrattlesnake, whereupon the farmer concluded that he would attempt a specu-\\nlation.\\nRemembering that in going to the stranger s land, he might (if he chose to\\ndo so) pass through an out-of-the-way ravine, which abounded in the dreaded\\nsnake, the farmer beckoned to the stranger, and they took their way towards the\\nravine. After they had arrived at the spot, hardly a rod did the pedestrians\\npass without hearing the hiss of a snake, or seeing its fiery tongue, and the\\nstranger was as completely frightened as any one could possibly be by a similar\\ncause.\\nIn his despair he turned to his companion, and said, Are snakes as plenty\\nas this all over the country V\\nI can t say about that, stranger, but one of my neighbours killed about a\\nhundred last year, and I ve hearn tell that your land is very rich in snakes.\\nNow, I a int going any further in this infernal region, and I want to know if\\nyou have a horse that you ll give me for my land gold ore, snakes, and all V\\nI have, and a first-rate horse, too.\\nu It s a bargain.\\nOn the following morning the stranger took his departure, mounted on a steed,\\npursuing his way to the south.\\nThe compiler, when he last visited Union, was introduced to a re-\\nmarkable man, by the name of Lorenzo Dow Smith. He was\\ninterested in several gold mines, and gave him glowing descriptions\\nof the richness of the gold region.\\nWhen Mr. Lanman visited Union, he was also introduced to Mr.\\nSmith, and received from him the following particulars of his his-\\ntory\\nI was born in Vermont. I came into this Southern country tweuty-four years\\na\u00c2\u00abo as a clock peddler, where I drove a good business. I used to spend my sum-\\nmers among the mountains of the Cherokee country, partly for the purpose of\\nkeeping away from the fever, and partly with a view of living over again the\\ndays of my boyhood, which were spent among the Green Mountains. I made\\nsome money, and when the gold fever commenced, I took it, and went to specu-\\nlating in gold lots, though I spent many years without finding lots of gold. I\\nassociated with bear hunters, and explored every corner and stream of this great\\nmountain land away to the north, and have seen more glorious scenery than\\nany other live man. I m forty years old, unmarried, love good liquor, and go in\\nfor having fun.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0738.jp2"}, "733": {"fulltext": "UNION COUNTY. 663\\nBout four years ago, it came into my thinking mug that there must be plenty\\nof gold in the bed of Coosa Creek, which runs into Coosa River. I traded for a\\nlot there, and went to work. I found a deposit, gave up work, and went to\\nleasing small sections, which are now worked by a good many men, and give me\\na decent living.\\nI have had all sorts of luck in my day good luck and bad luck.\\nWhen Fm prosperous, I always hope to be more prosperous still and when I\\nhave bad luck, I always wish for worse luck, i( it ill only come.\\nI never allow myself to be disappointed. The longer I live, the more anxious\\nam I to do some good to my fellow- men.\\nI ve passed the blossom of my life, and don t expect to live many years longer.\\nI haven t lived as I ought to have lived but I hope it ill be well with me when\\nI come to take my final sleep.\\nBut enough I am going out to my mine on a visit to-morrow, and if you ll go\\nwith me, I ll show you some real Vermont trout and mountain peaks, which\\nwould shame the camel s hump of old Yankee land.\\nSome years since, there was living in this section Adam Vandever,\\nthe hunter of Tallulah.\\nMr. Lanman, who paid him a visit, says that he was about sixty years old,\\nsmall in stature, had a regular-built, weasel face, a small gray eye, and a long white\\nbeard. He was born in South Carolina, spent his early manhood in the wilds\\nof Kentucky, and the last thirty years of his life in the wilderness of Georgia.\\nBy way of a frolic, he took a part in the Creek war, and is said to have killed\\nmore Indians than any other white man in the army.\\nIn the battle of Autossee alone, he is reported to have sent his rifle-ball\\nthrough the hearts of twenty poor heathen, merely because they had an undy-\\ning passion for their native hills. But Yandever aimed his rifle at the command\\nof his country and of war.\\nHe was then living with his third wife, and claimed to be the father of thirty\\nchildren, only five of whom, however, were living under his roof, the remainder\\nbeing dead or scattered over the world.\\nHis live stock consisted of a mule and some half dozen goats, together with a\\nnumber of dogs.\\nOn inquiring into his forest life, he gave me the following, among other par-\\nticulars\\nWhen the hunting season commences early in November, he supplies him-\\nself with every variety of shooting materials, steel traps, and a comfortable stock\\nof provisions, and placing them upon his mule, starts for some wild region among\\nthe mountains, where he remains until the following spring.\\nThe shanty which he occupies during this season is of the rudest character,\\nwith one side always open, as he tells me, for the purpose of having an abun-\\ndance of fresh air.\\nIn killing wild animals, he pursues but two methods, called fire hunting, and\\nstill hunting.", "height": "3308", "width": "1856", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0739.jp2"}, "734": {"fulltext": "664 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nHis favourite game is the deer, but he is not particular, and secures the fur of\\nevery four-legged creature which may happen to cross his path. The largest\\nnumber of skins that he ever brought home at one time was 600. He computes\\nthe entire number of deer which he has killed in his lifetime at 4,000.\\nWhen spring arrives, and he purposes to return home, he packs his furs upon\\nhis old mule, and seating himself upon the pile of plunder, makes a bee-line out\\nof the wilderness. The name of the mule is the Devil and Tom Walker.\\nVandever related many of his adventures to Mr. Lanraan, among\\nwhich are the following\\nOn one occasion he came up to a large gray wolf, at whose head he discharged\\na ball. The animal did not drop, but made its way into an adjoining cavern, and\\ndisappeared.\\nVandever waited a while at the opening, and as he could not see or hear his\\ngame, he concluded that it had ceased to breathe, whereupon he fell upon his\\nhands and knees, and entered the cave.\\nOn reaching the bottom, he found the wolf alive, when a clinch-fight en-\\nsued, and the hunter s knife completely severed the heart of the animal.\\nOn dragging out the dead wolf into the sun-light, it was found that his lower\\njaw had been broken, which was probably the reason why he had not succeeded\\nin destroying the hunter.\\nAt one time when he was out of ammunition, the dogs fell upon a large bear,\\nand it so happened that the latter got one of the former in his power, and was\\nabout to squeeze it to death.\\nThis was a sight the hunter could not endure, so he unsheathed his huge hunt-\\ning-knife, and assaulted the black monster. The bear tore off nearly every rag\\nof his clothing, and in making his first plunge with the knife, he completely cut\\noff two of his own fingers, instead of injuring the bear. He was now in a per-\\nfect frenzy of pain and rage, and in making another effort, succeeded to his satis-\\nfaction, and gained the victory. That bear weighed three hundred and fifty pounds.\\nOn another occasion, he had fired at a large buck, near the brow of a preci-\\npice some thirty feet high. On seeing the buck drop, he took for granted that\\nhe was about to die. when he approached the animal, for the purpose of cutting\\nits throat. To his great surprise, however, the buck suddenly sprung to his feet,\\nand made a tremendous rush at the hunter, with a view of throwing him off the\\nledge.\\nBut what was more remarkable, the animal suoceeded in its effort, though\\nnot until Vandever had obtained a fair hold of the buck s antlers, when the\\ntwain performed a somerset into the pool below. The buck made its escape,\\nand Vandever was not seriously injured in any particular part. About a month\\nafterwards, he killed a buck which had a bullet wound in the lower part of its\\nneck, whereupon he concluded that he had finally triumphed over the animal\\nwhich had given him the unexpected ducking.\\nBut the most remarkable escape which old Vandever ever experienced, hap-\\npened in this way. He was encamped upon one of the loftiest mountains in\\nUnion County. It was near the twilight hour, and he had heard the howl af a\\nwolf.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0740.jp2"}, "735": {"fulltext": "UPSON COUNTY. 665\\nWith a view of ascertaining the direction whence it came, he climbed upon an\\nimmense boulder, which stood on the very brow of a steep hill-side.\\nWhile standing upon this boulder, he suddenly felt, a swinging sensation, and\\nto his astonishment, he found that it was about to make a fearful plunge into the\\nravine, half a mile below him. As fortune would have it, the limb of an oak-\\ntree drooped over the rock, and as the rock started from its tottlish foundation,\\nhe seized the limb, and thereby saved his life.\\nThe dreadful crashing of the boulder, as it descended the mountain-side,\\ncame to the hunter s ear, while he was suspended in the air, and by the time\\nit had reached the bottom, he dropped himself on the very spot which had been\\nvacated by the boulder.\\nVandever said that this was the only time in his life when he had been really\\nfrightened and he also added, that for one day after this escape, he did not\\ncare a finger-snap for the finest game in the wilderness.\\nUPSON COUNTY.\\nLaid out from Crawford and Pike in 1824; apart added to Pike in\\n1825. Length, 24 m.; breadth, 16 m. area in square miles, 384.\\nNamed after the Hon. Stephen Upson.\\nThe chief stream is the Flint River.\\nThomaston is the county town, 75 miles from Milledgeville.\\nLogtown, Hootensville, and Double Bridges, are small places.\\nThe face of the country is undulating. The best lands are in the\\nsouth and southeast parts.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 795; families, 795;\\nwhite males, 2,347; white females, 2,373. Total free population,\\n4,720; slaves, 4,704. Deaths, 74. Farms, 436; manufacturing\\nestablishments, 19. Value of real estate, $1,104,000; value of per\u00c2\u00b0\\nsonal estate, $3,500,000.\\nThe Pine Mountains begin on the east side of the Flint River.\\nThe highest summits are 800 feet above the river. Amono- these\\nmountains are some fine springs, and upon the highest summit is an\\nIndian burial-ground.\\nThe Thundering Spring is in the N. W. part of the county, two\\nmiles from the Flint River, 20 from Thomaston. It derives its name\\nfrom a rumbling noise resembling distant thunder, which formerly pro-\\nceeded from it, but which is no longer heard. The discontinuance\\nof the sound is owing, it is supposed, to the number of rocks which\\nhave been thrown into it by visitors. The spring is at the base of a\\nhill, and is inclosed by a frame building, to which is attached a con-\\nvenient dressing-room for bathers. It is twelve feet in diameter its\\ndepth has never been correctly ascertained. It is said to possess", "height": "3308", "width": "1856", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0741.jp2"}, "736": {"fulltext": "666 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nmedicinal virtues, in cases of rheumatism and other chronic diseases.\\nIts warm and pleasant temperature renders it a delightful bath at all\\nseasons, and its buoyancy is such, that bathers cannot sink below the\\narm-pit, the motion of the water having a tendency to throw all light\\nbodies to the surface.\\nManufactures, Mills, etc. The water-power in this county is\\nvery fine. At the Thomaston Factory, there is a succession of nat-\\nural dams or water-falls, which could be rendered valuable by a few\\nhours labour. From various sources we have derived the following-\\nstatistics of the factories in this county:\\nThomaston Factory is situated on Potato Creek, two miles W. of\\nThomaston. The water-power is sufficient to propel 20,000 spin-\\ndles; number of spindles, 1,500; manufactures cotton osnaburgs,\\nc. number of hands employed, 45. The proprietor challenges\\nsimilar establishments, North or South, to exhibit a more sober,\\norderly, and religious community than can be found in this estab-\\nlishment. It is proposed to erect another mill, to have 5,000 spindles.\\nThe Franklin Factory and Wayman Factory are on Tobler s\\nCreek, 7 miles S. E. of Thomaston, owned and managed by the\\nsame persons.\\nThe Franklin Factory was first put into operation in April, 1833.\\nSpindles, 1,320. Cards, 16.\\nThe Wayman Factory was first put into operation in 1841. Spin-\\ndles, 1,664. Looms, for weaving heavy osnaburgs weighing half a\\npound per yard, 26\\nFlint River Factory is owned by Walker Grant.\\nAmong the first settlers of this county were Jones Persons, James\\nHightower, Sen., Solomon Stevens, Geo. Powell, Robert Col-\\nlier, Peter and Edward Hollaway, E. Bass, Mark Jackson, R.\\nJackson, E. Robinson, Josiah A. Christie, Wm. Worthy, Wm. and\\nJohn Robinson, Thos. Fluellin, James Walker, Henry Hunt, E.\\nWamble, John Goode, L. Matthews, John Bransford, M. W.\\nStamper, John Turner, J. Cooper, Thos. Nelson, Wm. Trice, A.\\nF. Edwards, James Harwell, Geo. M. Petty, D. B. Greene, Dr.\\nAlexander Hawkins, Dr. James W. Stinson, Abner McCoy,\\nH. Smith, Andrew Hood, H. Garland, Lee Trammel, Casper\\nHowell, Wm. Traylor, Thos. W. Goode, F. Myrick, Thomas Par-\\nham, Wm. Gibson, R. Graham, Moses Duke, James Boyd, Moses\\nReynolds, Joseph Rogers.\\nHon. George Carey died in this county. He was a native of Mary-\\nland, and resided for several years in Columbia County, in this State.\\nHe represented Georgia in the Congress of the United States in 1823\\nand 1827. He possessed a highly cultivated mind, being familiar with\\nseveral languages. Upon the Grecian question he is said to have\\nmade a splendid speech in Congress. He removed to Upson about\\nthe year 1834. He died in 1844, leaving behind him the character\\nof a highly polished scholar and an honourable man.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0742.jp2"}, "737": {"fulltext": "WALKER COUNTY. 667\\nWALKER COUNTY.\\nLaid out from Murray, and organized in 1833. Named in honour\\nof Major Freeman Walker.\\nVIEW OF LA FAYETTE.\\nLa Fayette is the county town, beautifully situated, distant from\\nMilledgeville two hundred and ten miles.\\nRinggold is a town of recent date, situated on the State Road.\\nWalker is a region of mountains, which generally run from N. E.\\nto S. W. Their names are, Taylor s Ridge, John s, Pigeon, Look- Out.\\nand White Oak Mountains.\\nThe streams are East and West Chicamausra.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 1,867; families,\\n1,867; white males, 5,803; white females, 5,605; free coloured\\nmales, 18 free coloured females, 19. Total free population, 11,445\\nslaves, 1,664. Deaths, 139. Farms, 600; 1 manufacturing establish-\\nment. Value of real estate, $923,600; value of personal estate,\\n$1,007,725.\\nNo section is favoured with a greater variety of springs- than this\\ncounty.\\nThe Medicinal Springs, owned by the Gordons, are situated at\\nthe base of Taylor s Ridge. There are twenty springs within the\\nspace of half a mile but the main springs are twelve in number,\\non a beautiful eminence of Taylor s Ridge. The trees have been cut\\ndown. From this spot may be seen various mountains.\\nCherokee Springs are at the base of Taylor s Ridge, twenty-four\\nmiles from Chattanooga.\\nYates s Spring is five miles from Gordon s Springs.\\nCrayfish Spring is twelve miles from Gordon s.", "height": "3308", "width": "1856", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0743.jp2"}, "738": {"fulltext": "668\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nffiwireiffiifi\\nVIEW OF COTOOSA SPRINGS.\\nCotoosa Springs are one and a half miles from the State Road.\\nWe give the following extracts concerning these springs from an\\naccount written by Mr. S. Rose, one of the editors of the Georgia\\nMessenger\\nImagine to yourself an elevated cove, or basin, in the Blue Ridge, sur-\\nrounded almost entirely by towering eminences. From the eastern slope a\\nbold, clear brook comes tumbling into the valley, and passes rapidly westward,\\nuntil it escapes between two abrupt mountain peaks, and dashes for half a mile\\nover rocky barriers into a branch of the Chicamauga. On the borders of this\\nbrook, and in the centre of this basin, which I shall designate The Vale of\\nSprings, there is a level spot about two acres in extent, within the limits of\\nwhich I have counted no less than fifty-two distinct, bold, and well-defined springs.\\nThe waters are strongly mineral.\\nAll these springs seem to issue either from the mountain side, upon a bed of\\nhard, black slate, or boil up through the slate. They are perennial the most se-\\nvere and continued droughts make no perceptible difference in the quantity of\\nwater which they discharge. The country around is protected by its native\\nforests. The atmosphere is pure, dry, and bracing, and entirely free from disease,\\nor from any cause which could produce it.\\nImmediately in the rear of the springs there are two beautiful mountain peaks,\\nfrom the summits of which visitors might enjoy an extensive prospect of the sur-\\nrounding country.\\nThere is a pond in Chattooga Valley called the Round Pond. It\\nembraces four or five acres, forty-eight feet deep in the middle, of a\\nsea-green colour. Tradition says two Indians were drowned in this\\npond. There is no visible outlet, and the water never becomes stag-\\nnant.\\nLong Pond is a beautiful sheet of water, famous for excellent fish.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0744.jp2"}, "739": {"fulltext": "walker county. 669\\nAmong the first settlers of this county were, X. G. McFarland, T.\\nG. McFarland, John Spradlin, Mr. Allman, J. R. Brooks, General\\nNkwnan, Mr. Acock, S. Marsh, 8. Farris, Jesse Land, J. T. Story,\\nRobert Boyle, B. McCutciuns, A. Hughes, S. Dunn, Lawson\\nBlack, Wm. Harden, James Park, John Caldwell, John Wicker,\\nJoseph P. McCulloch.\\nWalker has many caves, among which the most remarkahle is\\nWilson s Cave. We extract from Sears Wonders of the World\\ntlic description given by some persons of a visit which they made\\nin 18\u00e2\u0080\u0094.\\nu The company being met, with lighted torches we entered the cave, through a\\nsmall aperture, descending a flight of natural stairs, almost perpendicularly, some\\nten or twelve feet. Coming to the most magnificent room we ever beheld, and being\\ndesirous of viewing as minutely as we could, from the amplitude of this anomaly\\nof nature^ its various curiosities, we raised a considerable light, and illuminated the\\nplace as far as we were able by the means we had, when we discovered that an\\nalmost infinite number of stalactites had been formed by the continual dripping\\nof the water, resembling, in size and appearance, various animal bodies.\\nBeing somewhat satisfied with our examination of this apartment, with our\\nhearts glowing with wonder, love, and praise to the Architect of Nature, we\\nmoved slowly and rather pensively along this solitary and hitherto unexplored\\nmansion, through devious wiles of incognita loca/ in quest of new discoveries.\\nHaving reached the extreme end of this spacious dome, we found that to pro-\\nceed farther, we had to ascend stupendous and almost inaccessible eminences, over\\ncraggy precipices and yawning gulfs, to the height of some fifty or sixty feet,\\nwhen, by the dim light of our tapers, we discovered through a small opening an-\\nother room, less extensive, but far more beautiful and picturesque for there ap-\\npeared to the astonished beholder not only the representation of a part of (he\\nanimal creation, but a true delineation of a great number of inanimate objects,\\n6uch as cones, altars, pyramids, tables, candle-stands, with a. facsimile of some ot\\nnature s choicest productions: and it really appeared as if she, in her wild and\\nplayful moments, had intended to mock the curiosities of art.\\nGeneral Daniel Newnan died in this comity. He merits the re-\\nmembrance and respect of the people of Georgia. In the Indian\\nwars, he proved himself a good soldier. Besides holding many high\\noffices in the State, he was a member of Congress from 1831 to 1833.\\n3V. i 3 r 1 1 1 n it r n n s\\nA gentleman who resided among the Gherokees for many years,\\nhas furnished us with the following items\\nStrawberry was a huge town, situated upon the head waters of\\nAmuehee, len miles I), of La Fayette.\\nDogwood was situated upon the head waters of Chicamauga.", "height": "3308", "width": "1856", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0745.jp2"}, "740": {"fulltext": "670 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nThe principal chief was Charles Hicks, a man of vigorous mind and\\nof ardent piety. He was a member of the Moravian Church.\\nElijah Hicks was the son of Charles Hicks a man, it is said,\\nwho would not have disgraced any circle, either in appearance, man-\\nner, or conversation.*\\nRichard Taylor was a distinguished chief among the Cherokees.\\nHis name is affixed to the treaty made at Washington, March 22,\\n1816.\\nChestnut Tow r n was on Pea Vine Creek. The head chief was Par-\\ntridge.\\nCrayfish Town was situated west of Chestnut. The principal\\nchief was George Lowrey.\\nThe first Court in Walker was held at this place, Judge Hooper\\npresiding.\\nWe have been favoured with the following letter from a gentleman,\\ngiving an account of an Indian ball-play which took place in this\\ncounty, and at which he was present\\nWe started one fine morning in (he month of August, for the hickory grounds,\\nhaving learned that two towns, Chattooga and Chicamauga, were to have a grand\\nball-play at that place. We found the grounds to be a beautiful hickory level,\\nentirely in a state of nature, upon which had been erected several rude tents,\\ncontaining numerous articles, mostly of Indian manufacture, which wete the\\nstakes to be won or lost in the approaching contest. We had been on the ground\\nonly a short time when the two contending parties, composed of fifty men each,\\nmostly in a state of nudity, and having their faces painted in a fantastical manner,\\nheaded by their chiefs, made their appearance. The war-whoop was then sound-\\ned by one of the parties, which was immediately answered by the other, and\\ncontinued alternately, as they advanced slowly and in regular order towards each\\nother to the centre of the ground allotted for the contest.\\nIn order that you may have an idea of the play, imagine two parallel lines of\\nstakes driven into the ground near each other, each extending for about one hun-\\ndred yards, and having a space of one hundred yards between them. In the centre\\nof these lines were the contending towns, headed by their chiefs, each having in\\ntheir hands two wooden spoons, curiously carved, not unlike our large iron spoons.\\nThe object of these spoons is to throw up the ball. The ball is made of deerskin\\nwound around a piece of spunk. To carry the ball through one of the lines men-\\ntioned above is the purpose to be accomplished. Every time the ball is carried\\nthrough these lines counts one. The game is commenced by one of the chiefs\\nthrowing up the ball to a great height, by means of the wooden spoons. As soon\\nas the ball is thrown up, the contending parties mingle together. If the chief of\\nthe opposite party catches the ball as it descends, with his spoons, which he\\nexerts his utmost skill to do, it counts one for his side. The respective parties\\nstand prepared to catch the ball if there should be a failure on the part of their\\nchiefs to do so. On this occasion the parties were distinguished from each other\\nby the colour of their ribbons; the one being red, the other blue.\\nThe strife begins. The chief has failed to catch the ball. A stout warrior has", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0746.jp2"}, "741": {"fulltext": "WALTON COUNTY. 671\\ncaught it, and endeavours with all speed to carry it to his lines, when a faster\\nrunner knocks his feet from under him, wrests the ball from him, and triumphantly\\nmakes his way with the prize to his own line but when he almost reaches the\\ngoal, he is overtaken by one or more of his opponents, who endeavour to take it\\nfrom him. The struggle becomes general, and it is often the case that serious\\npersonal injuries are inflicted. It is very common during the contest to let the\\nball fall to the ground. The strife now ceases for a time, until the chiefs again\\narray their bands. The ball is again thrown up, and the game is continued as\\nabove described. Sometimes half an hour elapses before either side succeeds in\\nmaking one in the game.\\nIt is usual at these ball-plays for each party to have their conjurers at work at\\nthe time the game is going on; their stations are near the centre of each line.\\nIn their hands are shells, bones of snakes, c. These conjurers are sent for\\nfrom a great distance. They are estimated according to their age, and it is sup- x\\nposed by their charms they can influence the game. On this occasion two con-\\njurers were present; they appeared to be over one hundred years of age. When\\nI spoke to one of them, he did not deign even to raise his head the second time\\nI spoke, he gave me a terrific look, and at the same time one of the Indian\\nwomen came and said, Conagatee Unaka go away, white man.\\nI cannot resist the inclination I feel, to give you an account of an individual\\nwhom I met on this occasion. He was a Cherokee Indian belonging to a wealthy\\nfamily, and had received a finished education at one of our Northern colleges.\\nHis talents were of a high order, and upon his return home, he was appointed a\\npetty chief. He was dressed in fine calf boots, blue cloth pantaloons, silk velvet\\nvest, fine beaver hat, with a silver band. His gown was made of red flowered\\ncalico, reaching nearly to the ground, with a cape over the shoulders trimmed\\nwith blue fringe. Judge of my astonishment when I ascertained this individual\\nto be the distinguished Jim Fields.\\nWALTON COUNTY.\\nLaid out by the Lottery Act of 1818 a part taken from Jackson,\\n1818 a part added to Jasper, 1820 part added to, and taken from,\\nHenry, 1821 apart set off to Newton, 1821. Length, 35 m. breadth,\\n18 m. Named after the Hon. George Walton.\\nMonroe is the county site, distant from Milled geville 66 miles.\\nSocial Circle is situated on the Georgia Railroad.\\nCentreville and Broken Arrow are small places.\\nThe rivers are, the Appalachee and the Ulcofauhachee.\\nThe creeks are, Jack s, Cornish, c.\\nThe climate is considered healthy. The most prevalent diseases\\nare those of an inflammatory character. The instances of longevity\\nare quite numerous. Mr. Carson died at the age of 100 Mr. Stark\\nBrown, over 100 a negro woman, belonging to Mr. William Ander-", "height": "3308", "width": "1856", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0747.jp2"}, "742": {"fulltext": "672 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nson, died at the advanced age of 116 Tom, a negro, at 105 Mr.\\nSwords died at 100; James Gunter, 80.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 1,191 families,\\n1,191 white males, 3,531 white females, 3,365 free coloured\\nmales, 5 free coloured females, 11. Total free population, 6,912;\\nslaves, 3,909. Deaths, 135. Farms, 864 manufacturing establish-\\nments, 56. Value of real estate, $1,151,865 value of personal estate,\\n$2,384,532.\\nAmong the early settlers of this county may be named Charles\\nSmith, R. M. Echolls, O. Stroud, John Dickerson, Warren J\\nHill, Jesse Arnold, Judge Colquitt, Jonas Hale, Vincent Har-\\nralSon, James Nowell, A. W. Wright, C. D. Davis, W. and R.\\nBriscoe, R. Milligan, James Richardson.\\nBATTLE OF JACK S CREEK.\\nJack s Creek, in Walton County, is noted for a battle with the\\nIndians, the particulars of which are given in the following letter\\nfrom General Elijah Clarke to Governor Matthews\\nLong Creek, Sept. 24, 1787.\\nI had certain information that a man was killed on the 17th, near Greenesborough,\\nby a party of six or seven Indians; and that on the 16th, Colonel Barber, with a\\nsmall party, was waylaid by fifty or sixty Indians, and wounded, and three of\\nhis party killed. This determined me to raise what men I could, in the course\\nof twenty-four hours, and march with them to protect the frontiers, in which\\nspace of time I collected 160 men, chiefly volunteers, and proceeded to the place\\nwhere Colonel Barber had been attacked. There I found the bodies of the three men\\nmentioned above, mangled in a shocking manner, and after I had buried them,\\nproceeded on the trail of the murderers as far as the south fork of the Ocmulgee,\\nwhere, finding that I had no chance of overtaking them, I left it and went up the\\nsaid river, till I met with a fresh trail of Indians coming towards our frontier\\nsettlements. I immediately turned and followed the trail until the morning of\\nshe 21st, between eleven and twelve o clock, when I came up with them.\\nThey had just crossed a branch called Jack s Creek, through a thick cane-brake,\\nand were encamped and cooking upon an eminence. My force then consisted\\nof 130 men, thirty having been sent back on account of their horses being tired\\nand lost.\\nI drew up my men in three divisions the right commanded by Colonel Free-\\nman, the left by Major Clarke, and the middle by myself. Colonel Freeman and\\nMajor Clarke were ordered to surround and charge the Indians, which they did\\nwith such dexterity and spirit that they immediately drove them from their en-\\ncampment back into the cane-brake, where, finding it impossible for them to\\nescape, they obstinately returned our fire until half past four o clock, when they\\nceased, except now and then a shot. During the latter part of the action they\\nseized every opportunity of escaping by small parties, leaving the rest to shift for\\nthemselves. About sunset I thought it most advisable to draw off, as the men had", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0748.jp2"}, "743": {"fulltext": "WARE COUNTY.\\n673\\nsuffered for provisions for nearly two days, and for want of water during the ac-\\ntion, but more particularly to take care of the wounded, which amounted to\\neleven, and six killed. From every circumstance, I am certain that there were\\nnot less than twenty-five Indians killed, and am induced to suppose that had I\\nremained that night, I should have found forty or fifty dead of their wounds by\\nthe morning. In short, they were totally defeated, with the loss of their provi-\\nsions, clothing, and the following articles: a gun, thirty-two brass kettles, thirty-\\nseven large packs, containing blankets, c. Colonel Freeman and Major Clarke\\ndistinguished themselves, and from the spirit and activity with which the whole\\nof my little party acted during the action, I do not believe that had we met them\\nin the open woods, we should have been more than five minutes in giviug them\\na total overthrow.\\nR. M. Echolls, formerly President of the Senate, lived in this\\ncounty. He died in Mexico, and his remains were brought to Wal-\\nton, and buried at his homestead, one mile from Broken Arrow.\\nThe first Court was held ort the 12th August, 1819, John M. Dooly, Judge.\\nFIRST GRAND JURY.\\nJourdan Baker, Foreman.\\nJoshua Reayes,\\nWilson Watley,\\nLewis Bradbury,\\nIsaac Austin,\\nNathan Cental,\\nE. Gardner,\\nB. Hammock,\\nW. Heflin,\\nR. Stanfield,\\nE. Daniell,\\nJ. Beeks,\\nC. Austin,\\nR. M. Echolls,\\nR. Bond,\\nJ. Hobbs,\\nR. R. Billups,\\nJ. Fletcher,\\nJ. F. Piper,\\n0. Whitaker,\\nJ. J. Bentley.\\nWARE COUNTY\\nThis county was laid out from Irwin in 1824, and named after\\nthe Hon. Nicholas Ware, formerly a member of the Senate of the\\nUnited States, from Georgia. Length, 55 m.. breadth, 53 m. area\\nsquare miles, 2,915.\\nThis section is well watered. Here are the head waters of the\\nSuwanne and St. Mary s, besides numerous creeks.\\nWaresborough is the county site, 163 miles from Milledgeville.\\nThe country is flat, and interspersed with numerous swamps The\\nsoil is light, and tolerably productive.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 561; families,\\n561; white males, 1,824; white females, 1,773; 2 free coloured\\n43", "height": "3308", "width": "1856", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0749.jp2"}, "744": {"fulltext": "674 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nmales I free coloured female. Total free population, 3,600; slaves,\\n288. Deaths, 18. Farms, 339. Value of real estate, $237,240;\\nvalue of personal estate, $345,647.\\nAmong the first settlers of this county were William Smith,\\nA. Jernagin, Wm, Dryden, James Fulwood, John Williams, James\\nSweat, John Moore, Thomas Allman, Joseph Dyall, P. Bryan,\\nWm. King, Thos. Newborn, L. Walker, James Jones, M. J. Mil-\\nler, Thos. Hilliard, M. Addison.\\nThere is a remarkable swamp in this county, called by the Indians\\nE-cun-fi-no-cau, from Ecunnau, earth, and finocau, quivering. It\\nis 30 miles long and 17 broad. Several rivers have their head waters\\nin this swamp. In it are numerous islands, one of which the Indians re-\\npresented to be among the most blissful spots in the world that it\\nwas inhabited by a peculiar race of Indians, whose women w 7 ere in-\\ncomparably beautiful that this place had been seen by some of their\\nhunters when in pursuit of game, who, being lost in inextricable\\nswamps and bogs, and on the point of perishing, were unexpectedly\\nrelieved by a company of beautiful women, whom they called daugh-\\nters of the sun, who kindly gave them such provisions as they had,\\nchiefly fruit, such as oranges, dates, c, and some corn cakes, and then\\nenjoined them to fly for safety to their own country, as their husbands\\nwere fierce men, and cruel to strangers. They also stated, that these\\nhunters had a view of their settlements, situated on the elevated\\nbanks of an island or promontory, in a beautiful lake but that in\\ntheir efforts to approach it, they were involved in perpetual labyrinths,\\nand, like enchanted land, when they imagined they had just gained it,\\nit seemed to fly before them, alternately appearing and disappearing.\\nThey resolved, at length, to leave the delusive pursuit and to return,\\nwhich, after a number of inexpressible difficulties, they effected. When\\nthey reported their adventures to their countrymen, their young\\nwarriors were inflamed with a desire to invade and conquer so charm-\\ning a country but all their attempts proved abortive, never being\\nable again to find that enchanting spot, nor even any road to it.\\nWARREN COUNTY.\\nThis county was laid out in 1793, and portions set off to Jefferson\\nin 1796 and in 1825, portions to Taliaferro. Length, 26 m. breadth,\\n16 m.; area square miles, 416. It was named in honour of Major-\\nGeneral Joseph Warren, who fell at the battle of Bunker s or Breed s\\nHill.\\nThe north fork of the Ogeechee is on the western boundary of the\\ncounty. Here Briar Creek rises, runs S. E., and after a course of\\n100 miles, discharges itself into the Savannah River.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0750.jp2"}, "745": {"fulltext": "WARREN COUNTY. 675\\nWarrenton, a pleasant and flourishing town, is the seat of justice.\\nIt is situated, on the waters of Goulden s Creek, nearly in the centre\\nof the county, distant from Milledgeville 45 miles E. N. E.\\nFrom the Georgia Railroad there is a branch railroad terminating\\nat Warrenton, 2f miles long. Mayfield, Double Wells, and Camak,\\nare on this road.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 1,135 families,\\n1,135 white males, 3,066 white females, 3,102 free coloured males,\\n72; free coloured females, 77. Total free population, 6,317;\\nslaves, 6,108. Deaths, 138. Farms, 605. Manufacturing estab-\\nlishments, 42. Value of real estate, $1,751,790; value of personal\\nestate, $4,148,853.\\nThe climate is mild and healthy. Most of the diseases occur on\\nthe water-courses. This county is remarkable for cases of longevity\\nSix years ago, there were living the following persons Capt. Hill,\\naged 87 years Mr. John Jones, 85 Mr. G. Berry, over~9Trf Mr\\nD. Newsome, 80 Mr. H. Pool, over 85 Mr. H. Chalker, 85 Mr\\nJ. Burkhalter, 90 Mr. Crenshaw, over 80 Mrs. Persons, 92\\nMrs. Bass, 90; Mr. Brinkley, 85; Mrs. Hobbes, 100.\\nThe following individuals died in this county Mrs. Peoples, 100\\nMrs. Kilbrew, 100; Mrs. Heath, 90; Mrs. Walker, 93 Mrs.BATEs,\\n90; Mr. Cason, 96; J.W.Jackson, 100; John Wilson, 92 C. Stur-\\ndevant, 95; Mr. Bullock, 90; Mrs. Kent, 80; M. Rachel, 105.\\nMr. John Torrence died July 4th, 1827, aged 78 years. The ven-\\nerable old patriot breathed his last a short distance from his residence,\\non his return from the celebration of the day in Warrenton, in which\\nhe participated with more than usual interest and feeling, as if he were\\nconscious it was the last national jubilee he should ever witness. His\\ncountenance wore a peculiar cast of serene and heartfelt joy during\\nthe day, and his old acquaintances received many a cordial embrace.\\nHenry Bonner died on the 1st of January, 1822, aged 98 years.\\nHe was an officer in the Revolutionary War.\\nJonas Shivers died on the 12th of November, 1826, aged 77, a\\nsoldier of the Revolution.\\nJames Draper died in the 83d year of his age. At a very youth-\\nful period, say sixteen years of age, he enlisted in the cause of Lib-\\nerty, to fight the battles of freedom against the British Lion, and\\ncontinued in that service for something like three years, animated\\nby the principles of liberty which burned in his bosom.\\nAmong the early settlers were, Daniel Atkins, Solomon Newsome,\\nDavid Neal, Wm. Johnston, Job Hunter, Cullen Braddy, Robt.\\nAbercrombie, Henry Peoples, Wm. Hill,, A. Denton, Wm. Cason,\\nS. Burnley, B. Upton, E. Perryman, E. Conner, A. Brinkley,\\nWm. Jenkins, A. Jones, M. English, C Lowe, Sen., D. A. Simp-\\nson, Thos. Maddux, E. Ivy, John Burkhalter, E. Wilson, T. Per-\\nsons, T. Lockitt, Samuel Bell, Jonas Shivers, Peter Newsome,\\nJohn Newsome.", "height": "3308", "width": "1856", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0751.jp2"}, "746": {"fulltext": "676 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nA Return of the Commissioned and Acting Elect Officers in Lieutenant- Col-\\nonel Samuel Alexander s Regiment of Militia, including all Volunteer\\nCorps attached thereto, for the ISt/t dag of December, 17l 7.\\nThe First Battalion, commanded by Major John Lavvson.\\nCaptains. David Neal, commissioned Dec. 15, 1788; Absalom Cobbs, Nov.\\n26, 1795j James*- Wilson, Jan. 28, 1797; Chapman Abercrombie, April 13.\\n1797.\\nLieutenants. William Landrum, commissioned Nov. 15, 1795; Benjamin\\nMitchell, Jan. 20, 1797; John Barnes, Jan. 28, 1797; A. Jones, April 18, 1797.\\nEnsigns or Cornets. Daniel Hutcheson, commissioned Nov. 15, 1795; Charles\\nM. Lawson, Feb. 10, 1797; Moor Carter, Jan. 28, 1797; Benjamin Oliver, Jan.\\n20, 1795.\\nThe Second Battalion, commanded by Major Solomon Slatter.\\nCaptains. Jesse Bunkley, commissioned May 11, 1793; Nicholas Jones, Nov.\\n26, 1795; William Smith, Nov. 26, 1795; William Hill, Nov. 26, 1795; Abner\\nFluellin. Jan. 29, 1797.\\nEnsigns. Joseph Carter, commissioned Nov. 26, 1795; John Brantley, Nov.\\n26, 1795 Joseph White, Nov. 26, 1795; Peter Clowers, Nov. 16, 1796; Wm.\\nCox, Jan. 29, 1797.\\nLieutenants. M. Womack, commissioned Nov. 26. 1795; Mountain Hill, Nov.\\n26, 1795; Burrell Perry, Nov. 26, 1795 Gibson Flournoy, Nov. 26, 1795; Thos.\\nCox, Jan. 29, 1797.\\nI hereby certify that the above return contains all acting, commissioned, and\\nelect officers, of the Regiment of the Warren County Militia, under my com-\\nmand. July 12, 1798.\\nSaml. Alexander.\\nThe Hon. David Meriwetheb, Brigadier-General.\\nWASHINGTON COUNTY.\\nThis county was established in 1784. It then included all the\\nterritory from the Cherokee Corner, north, extending from the\\nOo-eechee to the Oconee, south to Liberty County. In 1786 a por-\\ntion of it was added to Greene in 1793, a part to Hancock in\\n1807, a part to Baldwin; in 1811, a part to Laurens; in 1.812, a\\npart to Baldwin and in 1826, a part to Baldwin. Length, 38 m.\\nbreadth, 38 m. area, 1,444 square miles.\\nThe streams are, the Oconee, Ogeechee, and Ohoopee, besides a\\nnumber of creeks.\\nFine burrstone is abundant. Near Saundersville are five or six\\nlime-sinks, or caves, as many of them may be properly called, in\\nwhich fossil teeth, ribs, and shells of endless variety are gathered in\\nalmost any quantity.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0752.jp2"}, "747": {"fulltext": "WASHINGTON COUNTY. 677\\nSaundersville is the capital, 28 miles E. of Milledgeville.\\nThe climate is moderate. The instances of longevity which have\\ncome to our knowledge are, Wm. Rachel, who died at the age of\\n118 years; Mr. Bedgood, at 112; Mr. Peacock, 85; Elisabeth\\nHanson, 93 Wm. Williams, 86 Thomas Love, 90 Mr. John Jour-\\ndon, a Revolutionary soldier, at a very advanced age.\\nMajor Nicholas Curry died in this county, aged sixty-seven.\\nHe entered the Revolutionary army a private soldier, and left it with\\nthe rank of Captain of Dragoons, after a hard service of five years.\\nDuring that period he shared in many of the perils and hardships of\\nthe war, and was always active and efficient upon the field of battle.\\nExtract from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 1,077 families,\\n1 ,077 white males, 3,004 white females, 2,989 free coloured\\nmales, 19 free coloured females, 16. Total free population, 6,028\\nslaves, 5,738. Deaths, 159. Farms, 632. Manufacturing estab-\\nlishments, 6. Value of real estate, $1,259,121; value of personal\\nestate, $3,295,936.\\nAmong the early settlers of this county were, Alexander Irwin,\\nJohn Rutherford, Wm. Johnson, Elisha Williams, Jared Irwin,\\nJacob Dennard, John R obe rtson, Joseph Beddingfield, Philemon\\nFranklin, Aaron Sinquefield, Joseph Avent, John Sheppard, Jas.\\nThomas, John Daniel, William Irwin, Joshua Williams, Samuel\\nSinquefield, Benjamin Tennille, John Martin, John Burney,\\nHugh Lawson, John Shellman, Wm. Sapp, Miles Murphy, John\\nJones, John H. Montgomery, John Stokes, Mr. Saunders, John\\nIrwin, James Thomas, George Galphin, John Dennis, John Nutt,\\nD. Wood, Geo. Fluker, Wm. Warthen, Jacob Kelly, Wm. May.\\nThe early settlers of this county suffered much from Indian de-\\npredations. The following particulars were derived from old news-\\npapers loaned to the compiler by Mr. Ralston, of Macon\\n29th March, 1788. The Indians killed and scalped Lieutenant Hogan, near\\nKemp s Fort. On Friday after, Mr. Daniell met with the same cruel death and\\nshortly afterwards they killed Mr. David Jackson s family, consisting of his wife\\nand four children, his brother and two negroes.\\nThe same year, in the neighbourhood of Williamson s Swamp, the Indians were\\nconstantly attacking the inhabitants. On the 12th of March a party of savages\\nwere discovered on the plantation of Mr. Sikes, by the barking of the dogs. Mr.\\nSikes went over the fence to see what they were barking at, when he was fired\\nupon by the foe, and received three balls in his arm, shoulder, and hip. He\\nthen made his way over the fence to the house, and as he was going received\\nanother shot, which broke his leg. Notwithstanding his severe wounds, he pre-\\npared to defend his wife and four children but the Indians did not attack the\\nhouse. A young man from a neighbouring family hearing the reports of the\\nguns, came to the house, and upon seeing Mr. Sikes s condition, went to a fort\\nnear by, for assistance, and returned immediately with Allen Spurlock, who", "height": "3298", "width": "1876", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0753.jp2"}, "748": {"fulltext": "678 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nplaced Mr. Sikes on a bed in his sledge, with one of his daughters, about nine\\nyears old, his wife s sister, about sixteen years old, walking, and Mrs. Sikes on\\nhorseback, with one child before and one behind her, and proceeded towards the\\nfort; but before they reached it they were fired upon by the Indians, who had\\ncome in their rear. They all ran and left Mr. Sikes. In attempting to gain the\\nfort, the young woman and Spurlock were shot and scalped. The little girl car-\\nrying a bottle of rum in her hand, begged the Indians to accept of it and spare\\nher life, but they cursed her and the rum, and said they wanted her scalp, upon\\nwhich they knocked her down and scalped her. They then pursued Mrs. Sikes,\\nwho, with her children, must have fallen into their hands, had not Major Wood\\ncome to her assistance. The little girl came to the fort about half an hour af-\\nterwards.\\nApril 7, 1793. On this day, a son of Colonel Francis Pugh was killed by the\\nIndians they also plundered seven families of all their clotfiing, furniture, pro-\\nvisions, horses, and negroes.\\nThe first Superior Court for this county was held on the 22d day\\nof May, 1787, his Honor Henry Osborne, Judge.\\nNAMES OF THE GRAND JURORS.\\nAlexander Irwin, Foreman. Samuel Sinquefield,\\nElisha Williams, Joseph A vent,\\nWm. Johnson, Wm. Irwin,\\nPhilemon Franklin, Wm. Shields,\\nJohn Robertson, Sen., John Sheppard,\\nJohn Burney, John Rutherford,\\nJohn Martin, Jacob Dennard,\\nJames Thomas, Joseph Bhddingfield,\\nBenj. Tennille, Aaron Sinquefield,\\nJoshua Williams, JohnJ2^niel Sen.\\nThe following was communicated to us by a gentleman in Macon\\nIn one of the excursions of a party of Indians against the whites, they came\\nto the house of a Mr. Browne, one of whose daughters and a negro woman had\\nleft the house for the purpose of milking the cows. Mr. Browne having stepped\\nto the door, was shot down by the savages. His wife hearing the firing of the\\ngun, hastened to the door, and to her surprise found her husband dead, and in the\\nact of dragging him into the house, received a shot from one of their rifles,\\nwhich broke her arm. She succeeded, however, in shutting the door, and took\\ndown her husband s rifle, and, with the aid of Tempa, her daughter, about eight\\nyears of age, she placed it between the logs of the house, and fired at the In-\\ndians. By showing Tempa how to load, she was enabled to keep up a fire a long\\nperiod, at the same time crying out Hurrah, boys! At length the Indians re-\\ntreated; not until, however, they had set the house on fire. Twice she extin-\\nguished the fire with milk, not having it in her power to procure water. The\\ndaughter and negro woman, who were milking the cows, as soon as they saw", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0754.jp2"}, "749": {"fulltext": "WHITEFIELD COUNTY. 679\\nthe Indians, ran off and gave the alarm to the nearest neighbours, who collected\\nwith all possible dispatch, and went to the aid of Mrs. Browne. Upon their\\narrival at the house, they found that she had fainted. Being too few to carry her\\noff, they hid her in the top of a fallen tree, with Tempa to mind her, and went\\nafter the savages, but did not overtake them.\\nWAYNE COUNTY.\\nLaid out by the Lottery Act of 1803. Part taken from Glynn,\\n1805 part added to Camden, 1805 part taken from Camden, 1808\\npart taken from Camden, 1812 a part taken from Glynn in 1820 a\\nportion added to Glynn, 1822; organized in 1805. Named in honour\\nof Major-General Anthony Wayne. Length, 33 m. breadth, 18 m.\\narea square miles, 594.\\nThe Great St. Ilia runs through the southern part of the county.\\nThe Alatamaha washes the north side the Finholloway, or Phen-\\nnohaloway, (a Creek word meaning turkey,) flows into the Alata-\\nmaha.\\nWayneville is the seat of justice, 176 miles from Milledgeville.\\nThe soil is generally poor.\\nThe climate is healthy.\\nExtract from the Census o/1850. Dwellings, 182; families, 182;\\nwhite males, 549 white females, 539 free coloured males, 2 free\\ncoloured females, 3. Total free population, 1,093 slaves, 406.\\nDeaths, 10. Farms, 172. Value of real estate, $232,145 value of\\npersonal estate, $195,079.\\nWHITEFIELD COUNTY.\\nThis county was laid out from Murray, in 1851, including an ex-\\ntent of country beginning at the southwest corner of the County of\\nMurray running from thence east with the line between Murray and\\nGordon Counties, until it strikes the mouth of the Connasauga River\\nthence up and with the meanders of said river, to the mouth of Sugar\\nCreek thence with the meanders of said creek to the Tennessee line\\nthence west with said line, to the line of Walker and Murray Coun-\\nties thence south with the line of Murray and Walker to the place\\nof beginning.\\nDalton is the county town, situated on the Western and Atlantic\\nRailroad, 100 miles N. of Atlanta, and 35 S. E. of Chattanooga.\\nThe lands are fertile, producing abundantly all the necessaries of\\nlife.", "height": "3298", "width": "1876", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0755.jp2"}, "750": {"fulltext": "680\\nHISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nRecent discoveries prove that the mineral resources of this section\\nof the State are great. In the vicinity of Dalton copper mines are\\nsaid to be found, and a strong- impression prevails that beneath the\\nridges, with which Dalton is surrounded, lie imbedded vast amounts\\nof copper, silver, and lead.\\nTUNNEL OF THE WESTERN AND ATLANTIC RAILROAD.\\nThe tunnel of this road is 1,477 feet in length, height 18 feet, width\\nin the clear 12 feet. It is cut, in a great measure, through solid rock.\\nThe lateral walls are of rock, six feet thick at the base, and five\\nfeet at the top. The approaches to the tunnel are protected on both\\nsides by massive masonry.\\nThis county was named after the celebrated George Whitefield.\\nMany particulars in regard to his connection with Georgia, and the\\nestablishment of his Orphan House, are given under the head of\\nChatham County, to which we refer the reader.\\nHe was the son of Thomas Whitefield, and was born in 1714, at\\nthe Bell Inn, in Gloucestershire, England, which was then kept by\\nhis mother. At twelve years of age he was sent to a grammar\\nschool in Gloucester. There he made considerable progress in the\\nLatin classics, and in oratory. From this school he was transferred\\nto Pembroke College, at Oxford, where he became acquainted with\\nthe Wesleys, and attached himself to a religious club, of which they\\nwere the leaders.\\nOn the 30th of June, 1736, he was ordained by Bishop Benson, and\\non the next Sunday preached his first sermon in the church in which\\nhe was baptized. A week after this he went to Oxford, where he", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0756.jp2"}, "751": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3298", "width": "1876", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0757.jp2"}, "752": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0758.jp2"}, "753": {"fulltext": "WJLKES COUNTY. 681\\ntook his Bachelor s degree, and then complied with an invitation to\\nvisit London, where he continued two months, preaching with great\\neffect to large and admiring audiences. About this time he received\\na letter from the Wesleys, who were then in Georgia, which induced\\nhim to determine to offer himself as a missionary to the Trustees.\\nHis offer was accepted, and he arrived at Savannah on the 7th of\\nMay, 1738.\\nHaving resolved to establish an orphan house, he left Georgia for\\nthe purpose of collecting money to enable him to accomplish his ob-\\nject. Arriving in Charleston, he preached on several occasions to im-\\nmense crowds, and then embarked for London, and after a voyage ol\\nnine weeks, he arrived at Limerick. Remaining there a short time,\\nhe sailed for England, and arrived September 30, 1738.\\nThe Trustees of Georgia received him cordially, presented him\\nwith the living of Savannah, and granted him five hundred acres upon\\nwhich to erect an orphan house. Crowds attended his ministry. It\\nwas no unusual thing for twenty thousand people to assemble to hear\\nhim. Having collected about 1,000, he set sail from England, and\\nlanded at Philadelphia. After preaching in various places in New-\\nYork, New-Jersey, and Pennsylvania, he arrived at Savannah on the\\nllth of June, 1740.\\nHe died on the 30th September, 1770, fifty-six years old.\\nWILKES COUNTY.\\nLaid out in 1777. Part set off to Elbert, 1790 part to Warren,\\n1793; a part to Lincoln, 1796; part to Greene, 1802; parts to Ta-\\nliaferro, 1825 and 1828. Length, 23 m. breadth, 17 m. area\\nsquare miles, 391. Named after John Wilkes, the great champion of\\nAmerican liberty.\\nThe streams are Broad and Little rivers.\\nThe surface of the country is undulating.\\nThe soil is productive, though much worn.\\nWashington is the county town, 60 miles N. E. of Milledgeville.\\nThe railroad is completed to Washington, at which place evi-\\ndences of improvement greet the eye in every direction.\\nMallorysville and Danburg are small villages.\\nStatistics from the Census of 1850. Dwellings, 709; families,\\n709; white males, 1,883 white females, 1,922; free coloured males,\\n10; free coloured females, 1 1 Total free population, 3,826 slaves,\\n8,281. Deaths, 193. Farms, 468 manufacturing establishments, 9.\\nValue of real estate, $1,772,515 value of personal estate, $4,359,015.\\nThe climate is subject to great changes.\\nA few years ago there were living, Thomas Anderson, aged 81", "height": "3298", "width": "1876", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0759.jp2"}, "754": {"fulltext": "682 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nWilliam Williams, 90 Mrs. Sarah Freeman, 85 Thomas Tal-\\nbot, 80 D. Carrington, 80. Mrs. H. Minton died at the age of 95\\nWm. Jones, 80 Andrew Wolf, 80 Mrs. Callaway, 90 Isham\\nRichardson, 86.\\nMrs. Hannah Clarke,, relict of Major-Genera] Elijah Clarke, died\\nia this county on the 26th of August, 1827, aged 90 years. Mrs.\\nClarke had attended her husband through many interesting periods\\nof the American Revolution, and had often experienced some of the\\ndistressing vicissitudes of war. She once had her house burnt, with\\nall its contents, during the absence of her husband, by a pillaging\\nparty of British and Tories, who ravaged that part of the country in\\nwhich she then resided, and was turned out to seek shelter as she\\ncould, with a family of several children then in her charge. She\\nwas afterwards robbed of the horse on which she was riding to\\nmeet her wounded husband near the North Carolina line. During\\npart of the campaigns in which General Clarke was engaged, she\\naccompanied him, and on one occasion, in attempting to remove\\nfrom a place of danger near which an engagement was soon ex-\\npected, she had her horse shot under her, while two children were\\non his back with her. She was at the siege of Augusta, and present\\nwhen the garrison under Browne capitulated, and many of the prison-\\ners, then and at other times taken by her husband, experienced her\\nbenevolence and hospitality. She lived to behold and rejoice in the\\nprosperity and happiness of that country which she had frequently\\nseen desolated by cruelty and bloodshed and in the enjoyment of the\\nesteem and affection of a large circle of friends, she attained a good\\nold age, and at last, after a short struggle, was liberated from all\\nearthly cares, and entered into that rest which remaineth for the\\npeople of God. Her remains were interred at Wooburn, near the\\nresting-place of her husband, who had twenty-eight years before closed\\na life of patriotic exertion in the cause of his country.\\nMr. John Wright died on the 28th of March, 1831, aged 102\\nyears. He was a soldier under Braddock in 1755, an armed patriot\\nduring the whole Revolutionary War, and an active and able parti-\\nsan in repelling the murderous inroads of the Indians into Georgia, in\\nthe earlier periods of her history.\\nEzekiel Harris, aged 71 Colonel Samuel Jack, 65 Major\\nSamuel Wellborn, 60 Captain Abraham Simons, 79 Joseph\\nJohnson, 98, all soldiers of the Revolution, died in this county.\\nAmong the early settlers in this county were, S. Heard, Wm.\\nDowns, John King, Absalom Biddle, Benjamin Catching, Henry\\nWare, George Walton, John Rutherford, H. Freeman, John Tor-\\nrence, William Moss, William Terrell, John Wingfield, John\\nGeorge, Benjamin Taliaferro, Thomas Wooten, Andrew Burns,\\nJohn Cunningham, James Tate, Wm. Moore, John Talbot, Walton\\nHarris, Henry Monger, James Marks, T. Ledbetter, B. Jordan,\\nJosiah Cole, Jeremiah Walker, Edward Jones, Wm. Stokes, James\\nShepard, Wm. Pollard, Micajah Williamson.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0760.jp2"}, "755": {"fulltext": "WILKES COUNTY. 683\\nBATTLE OF KETTLE CREEK.\\nKettle Creek is famous as the battle-ground where Clarke, Dooly,\\nand Pickens, distinguished themselves in the war of the Revolution.\\nWhen Savannah was taken, Colonel Campbell advanced to Augusta.\\nColonel Boyd, who had just returned from New-York, was to notify the\\ndisaffected, and excite the Tories on the western parts of North and\\nSouth Carolina, and force his way to join Colonel Campbell at Au-\\ngusta. Colonel Campbell immediately moved up Savannah River,\\nwith several hundred mounted men and after manoeuvring in the\\nneighbourhood of where Petersburg now stands, and Kerr s Fort, in\\norder to effect a junction with Boyd, he was compelled by the Whigs\\nto return. Colonel Pickens, with only three hundred and twenty men,\\nafter driving back Campbell, pursued Boyd, and forced him to cross\\nthe river eighteen miles above the junction of Savannah and Broad\\nrivers. He then crossed at their junction, and was joined by Dooly\\nand Lieutenant-Colonel Clarke, with about one hundred dragoons.\\nColonel Dooly, with great patriotism, gave the command of all the\\nforces to him. They pursued Boyd rapidly, who had taken a circui-\\ntous route through the Cherokee Nation, until they overtook him, in\\na few days, on the east bank of Kettle Creek, in Georgia, just as his\\nmen had shot down some beeves, and were preparing their breakfast.\\nColonel Pickens had divided his forces into three divisions, Colonel\\nDooly commanding the right, and Clarke the left, with directions to\\nflank the enemy, while he commanded the attack from the centre, giv-\\ning strict orders not to fire until within thirty-five paces of the foe.\\nColonel Boyd was a brave, active man, but was shot down early\\nin the engagement. After close fighting for half an hour, the Whigs\\ndrove the enemy through the cane, and over the creek. They fought\\nwith desperation, and left a great many dead and wounded upon\\nthe field. They rallied on a rising ground on the west bank, and re-\\nnewed the fight, the Whigs finding great difficulties in passing through\\nthe cane. However, the victory was complete. The Whigs had\\nfour hundred and twenty, and the Tories upwards of seven hundred\\nand out of that number, not more than three hundred ever reached\\nColonel Campbell, in Augusta. This success was of far more impor-\\ntance than the number engaged would indicate. It broke up the To-\\nries throughout North Carolina, who never afterwards assembled, ex-\\ncept in small parties, or under the immediate protection of a foreign\\nforce. Although they were dreaded for their desperate and malignant\\noutrages upon the country, yet they acted more for the plunder and\\nmurder of individuals than for concerted and manly warfare. This\\nbattle of Kettle Creek decided their fate.\\nThis county has produced a number of men who would have done\\nhonour to any country.\\nColonel John Graves died in the seventy-seventh year of his age.\\nHe was born in Culpepper County, Virginia. He entered the army, in", "height": "3298", "width": "1876", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0761.jp2"}, "756": {"fulltext": "684 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\n1776, as a lieutenant in the Eighth Virginia Regiment, and when he\\nretired from the service, had the rank and command of a Major.\\nHe was at the battles of Brandywine, Germantown, and Monmouth,\\nand at the siege of York. When General Greene, in 1781, had to\\ncross the Yadkin River, Colonel Graves was intrusted with the com-\\nmand of two hundred men, detached by the General to protect the\\npassage of the troops. This small band, headed by their gallant com-\\nmander, sustained a desperate encounter with the army of Cornwallis,\\nand succeeded in protecting the passage of the American troops and\\nthemselves, in crossing the Yadkin, with the loss of only nine men\\nkilled and five wounded.\\nDuring the eventful and critical period of the American Revolu-\\ntion, Colonel Graves was constantly in the field, defending, with\\nconsummate energy and bravery, the liberties of his native country.\\nHe never for one moment despaired of the great cause of which he\\nwas so gallant a champion. Amid the distresses of the Southern army,\\nafter the defeat of Gates at Camden, and during the retreat of the\\nAmericans before the victorious Cornwallis, Colonel Graves, with\\ncool intrepidity, supported every privation, and with the greatest for-\\ntitude waited for a change in the gloomy prospects that were before\\nthe army at that time.\\nShortly after peace, Colonel Graves settled in Georgia. In 1786,\\nhe was in command of a regiment against the Creek Indians, who\\nhad committed acts of hostility upon the inhabitants of the State.\\nColonel Nicholas Long died on the 22d of August, 1819, in the\\nfifty-sixth year of his age. He was a young, active, and meritorious\\nofficer of dragoons, attached to the Virginia and North Carolina lines\\nduring the Revolutionary War. In the last war with Great Britain,\\nhe was appointed to the command of the Forty-third Regiment of\\nUnited States Infantry, raised for the maritime frontier of North and\\nSouth Carolina and Georgia. His exposure in this service impaired\\nhis constitution, and produced a pulmonary disease. He was an early\\nsettler of Wilkes.\\nRev. Jesse Mercer. This gentleman was the son of Silas Mer-\\ncer, and was born in Halifax County, North Carolina, December 16,\\n1769. Before he was twenty years of age, he was ordained to the\\nministry of the Baptist Church.\\nSuch was his thirst for knowledge, that after his marriage and or-\\ndination, he went to school two years, to the Rev. Mr. Springer, a\\nPresbyterian clergyman, under whom he made considerable profi-\\nciency in the learned languages.\\nIn 1798, Mr. Mercer was a member of the Convention which was\\nappointed to amend the State Constitution. His services in that body\\nwere highly valuable. A lawyer moved that ministers of the Gospel\\nbe ineligible to the office of legislator, which was warmly advocated\\nby both doctors and lawyers. Mr. Mercer offered an amendment, to\\nthe effect that both these professions be included in the contemplated", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0762.jp2"}, "757": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3298", "width": "1876", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0763.jp2"}, "758": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0764.jp2"}, "759": {"fulltext": "WILKES COUNTY. 685\\nact. The motion was speedily withdrawn. He offered himself once\\nfor Senator in the county in which he then resided, but was not\\nelected. Afterwards, he was urged to allow his name to be used for\\nthe office of Governor, but positively declined the honour.\\nHis approach to the tomb was gradual, having been in a low state\\nof health for years before his death. This event, deeply lamented by\\nthousands, took place in Butts County, September 6, 1841. His re-\\nmains were taken to Penfield, and buried near the site of Mercer Uni-\\nversity, named in honour of him.\\nHis estate, which was large, was bequeathed to the above Univer-\\nsity, and other benevolent objects.*\\nDuncan G. Campbell came to Wilkes in 1807, and took charge of\\na female school. For several years he represented the county in the\\nState Legislature. He was also one of the Commissioners who ne-\\ngotiated a treaty with the Creeks at the Indian Springs. He died on\\nthe 31st of July, 1828.\\nGeneral Elijah Clarke was a native of North Carolina, who\\ncame to Georgia in 1774, and settled in Wilkes County. Endowed\\nwith hardihood and decision of character, he was fitted for any en-\\nterprise. His first appearance in the history of Georgia dates in the\\nyear 1776, as Captain of a company intrusted with the care of some\\nwagons, loaded with provisions for the army. Whilst crossing a small\\nstream, he was attacked by a body of Indians, who, after a severe\\ncontest, were put to flight. In Howe s expedition against East Flo-\\nrida, he rendered important services. In the battle of Kettle Creek,\\nhe increased his military fame.\\nAfter the victory at Kettle Creek, many of the citizens of Georgia\\nwho had gone to South Carolina for safety, returned with their families\\nand property to Wilkes County, but shortly afterwards were much\\nalarmed by the approach of a body of Indians and to Colonel Clarke\\nwas committed the highly responsible duty of remaining on the fron-\\ntiers to guard the forts. This was a trying period. The enemy had\\ndevastated the fairest portion of Georgia. Colonel Clarke s house\\nwas pillaged and burnt, and his family ordered to leave the State.\\nThe love of freedom, a persuasion that Heaven would favour the\\nrighteous cause of the Americans, inspired Clarke with hope and\\nthe loss of his property, and the indignities offered to the helpless fe-\\nmales of his family, did not in the least intimidate him, but nerved him\\nto renewed action. Accordingly, he succeeded in recruiting men for his\\nregiment, and gave the enemy so much trouble, by cutting off their\\nsupplies, that it was determined to bring him to a general action.\\nColonel Innis pursued him to Warlord s Iron Works, where his ground\\nhad been judiciously chosen. Clarke waited the attack, and bravely\\ndefended his post. His constant annoyance of the foraging parties\\nof the enemy became so provoking, that Colonel lnnis resolved to\\naugment his force, and drive him from the country. Having re-\\nSee Mallory s Life of Jesse Mercer.", "height": "3298", "width": "1876", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0765.jp2"}, "760": {"fulltext": "686 HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\nceived reinforcements, Clarke met the enemy about four miles north\\nof Musgrove s Mill, and defeated him.\\nIn the battle of Long Cane, Colonel Clarke was severely wounded,\\nand carried off- the field. After his recovery he joined the command\\nof General Pickens, and was sent by him against Major Dunlap,\\nwhom he compelled to surrender. Shortly after this affair he was\\nattacked with the small-pox, but in a very brief period had so\\nso far recovered as to resume his command, and was present when\\nAugusta surrendered to the Americans. Indeed, he had gallantly\\nconfined the British garrison to their works for weeks before Colonel\\nLee arrived.\\nWith the Indians, Colonel Clarke was engaged in several battles,\\nthe principal of which was the battle of Jack s Creek, fought in 1787,\\nin which he defeated the Creeks.\\nIn 17 Clarke made an attempt to settle on the Indian side of the\\nOconee River, and also crossed the St. Mary s to the Florida side, and\\ndrove in the Spanish posts. For these acts he incurred the displea-\\nsure of the United States Government. His merits as a soldier\\nmay be easily known, when it is remembered that he was solicited by\\ntwo great European nations to engage in their service. He died De-\\ncember 15, 1799.\\nThe following will explain the nature of the settlement which\\nClarke made on the Oconee\\nIn May, 1794, Governor Matthews receiving information that some\\nadventurers, supposed to be in the French interest, were making set-\\ntlements on the southwest side of the Oconee River, ordered General\\nIrwin to direct the settlers immediately to disperse, and was informed,\\na few days afterwards, that they had obeyed the injunction. On the\\n14th of July, the Governor received a letter from Lieutenant-Colonel\\nGaither, stating that Elijah Clarke, lately a Major-General in the\\nMilitia of Georgia, with a party of men, had encamped on the south-\\nwest side of the Oconee, opposite to Fort Fidius. General Irwin sent\\ntwo officers to Clarke, ordering him to move off without delay, which\\nhe refused to do. On the 28th of July, the Governor issued a pro-\\nclamation, forbidding such proceedings and also wrote to one of the\\njudges, directing him to issue his warrant, and have Clarke appre-\\nhended. At the Superior Court for Wilkes County, Clarke surren-\\ndered himself to the judge, who referred the case to some of the jus-\\ntices of the county, whose decision was as follows\\nState of Georgia, Wilkes County.\\nWhereas, a proclamation was issued on the 28th day of July last, by his Excel-\\nlency George Matthews, Governor of this State, stating that Elijah Clarke, Esq.,\\nlate Major-General of the Militia of this State, has gone over the Oconee River,\\nwith an intent to establish a separate and independent government, on the lands\\nallotted to the Indians for their hunting-grounds, and commanded, in the said\\nproclamation, all Judges, Justices, Sheriffs, and other officers, and all the citizens\\nof this State, to be diligent in aiding and assisting in apprehending the said Elijah", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0766.jp2"}, "761": {"fulltext": "WILKES COUNTY. 687\\nClarke and his adherents, in order that they may severally be brought to justice;\\nand whereas, the said Elijah Clarke, who is the object of the said proclamation,\\nhas this day personally appeared before us, the undersigned Justices of the Peace\\nfor the County of Wilkes, and surrendered himself into custody; and it being our\\nduty to do speedy justice to the said State, as well as to the party charged, we\\nproceeded to the most mature consideration of the cause, and after an examina-\\ntion of the laws of the State, and the treaties made, and the laws passed by the\\nUnited States, do give it as our decided and unanimous opinion that the said\\nElijah Clarke be, and is hereby discharged.\\n(Signed,) R. Woosham, J. P.\\nR. Christmas, J. P.\\nG. WOOLDRIDGE, J. P.\\nWilliam Bell, J P.\\nThis decision greatly encouraged Clarke s party, and the settle-\\nments were pushed with vigour. The measure had become popular,\\nand it was thought that the militia would not march against them.\\nUnder these circumstances, Clarke s works were completed houses\\nw T ere erected within his forts, and a town was laid off at Fort Ad-\\nvance. He was chosen Major-General, and placed at the head of the\\nenterprise a Committee of Safety was appointed, and everything\\nwore the appearance of a permanent settlement.\\nGovernor Matthews, upon learning this, directed that one-third of\\nthe militia should hold themselves in readiness to march, and, in the\\nmeantime, sent Generals Twiggs and Irwin to General Clarke to in-\\nduce him to remove. These officers visited him at his post, but were\\nunsuccessful in their efforts. General Twiggs gave orders to Major\\nAdams to cross the river and endeavour to prevail upon Clarke to\\nabandon the settlement but his life was threatened, which so exas-\\nperated the inhabitants in that neighbourhood, that they held a meet-\\ning, at which it was determined that Major Adams should go to\\nAugusta and request the Governor to give him orders to dispossess\\nthe people.\\nA few days afterwards, a Cornet and eighteen men, of Colonel\\nFauche s dragoons, came to the post, and took one of Clarke s\\nlieutenants prisoner, and made arrangements to cut off supplies. In\\nthe meantime, Clarke made every effort to strengthen his post.\\nGeneral Irwin collected a party of militia, and took post at Town\\nCreek, nine miles from Fort Fidius, and encamped on the bank opposite\\nFort Advance whilst Colonels Melton and Lamar, and Major Adams,\\ncrossed with 130 men, and cut off the communication on the south\\nside of the river. Irwin promised Clarke, if he would evacuate the\\npost, himself and men should be protected in their persons and pro-\\nperty. Accordingly, a party of the militia took possession of his\\nworks, and set the fort on fire, when Clarke abandoned the enterprise.\\nHere is a proper place to introduce the name of Mrs. Hillhotjse,\\na lady of great energy and enterprise. Upon the death of her hus-", "height": "3298", "width": "1876", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0767.jp2"}, "762": {"fulltext": "OSS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF GEORGIA.\\noand. in 1804, she took charge of his newspaper, called the Moni-\\ntor and Impartial Observer, and conducted it for several years. The\\nJournal of the House of Representatives of Georgia was printed in\\nher office, and sent to Louisville, then the seat of government.\\nW ILKINSON CO D N T Y\\nLaid out by the Lottery Act of 1803 a part added to Baldwin in\\n1807 a part set off to Twiggs in 1809. Named after General James\\nWilkinson.\\nThe Oconee is the principal stream.\\nThe creeks are. Commissioners. Black Tehee. Buck. c.\\nThe face of the country is somewhat undulating. There is much\\nvariety in the soil. The productions are cotton, corn, wheat, c.\\nIrwinton is the county site, twenty-one miles from Milledgeville.\\nIt was made the seat of justice in 1811, and incorporated in 1816.\\nGordon and McDonald are on the Central Railroad.\\nThere is nothing which distinguishes the climate.\\nThe instances of longevity are, R. Rosier. Sen.. John Meadows and\\nWm. Jenkin, who lived to an advanced age. Mr. Myers died at 80;\\nMr. Bloodworth. SO Thomas Gray, a soldier of the Revolution. 81\\nWm. Biyins. a soldier of the Revolution. S3. Mrs. Jackson. 82, Josiah\\nRamage. 90, Wm. Fraser. 80, were living twelve months since. Mrs.\\nMarshall was over 90 when she died Mr. Hatfield. 80 Mrs.\\nClay. 90 Rev. R. Taliaferro. 88 Wm. Chambers, 90.\\nExtract from the Census o/1850. Dwellings. 9S3 families. 983\\nwhite males. 2,811; white females. 0.050. Total free population.\\n5.40? slaves. 2,745. Deaths. 87. Farms. 015 manufacturing\\nestablishments. 5. Value of real estate. $713,307 value of personal\\nestate. 11,708,105.\\nAnions the first settlers of this county were, Samuel Beall.\\nCharles C. Beall. Solomon B. Murphy. John Hoover. John Mere-\\ndith, Abner Hicks, Alexander Passmore. John Freeman. Joel\\nRivers. Samuel Bragg, John Lavender. Isaac Hall. Green B.\\nBurnet, Wiley Shepherd. Joseph Hill, Wm. Lord. Jesse Pitt-\\nmann. M. Carswell. Anson Ball, Wm. Lindsey, Ellis Harvill,\\nand others.\\nThe first Superior Court for Wilkinson County was held in 1S0S.\\nHon. Peter Early. Jud^e.", "height": "3312", "width": "1898", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0768.jp2"}, "763": {"fulltext": "INDEX TO TABLES.\\nI. Population by counties Classification of ages, color, and\\ncondition Aggregates.\\nII. Population of cities and towns.\\nIII. Nativities of the population.\\nIV. Births, marriages, deaths, dwellings, and families.\\nv V. Progress of population from 1790 to 1850.\\nVI. Deaf and dumb, blind, insane, and idiotic.\\nVII. Colleges, academies, schools, c.\\nVIII. Attending school during the year, as returned by families.\\nIX. Adults in the State who cannot read and write.\\nX. Professions, occupations, and trades of the male population.\\nXI. Agriculture, farms and implements, stock, products, home\\nmanufactures, c.\\nXII. Newspapers and periodicals.\\nXIII. Libraries other than private.\\nXIV. Churches, church property, c.\\nAt the last meeting of the General Assembly of the State of\\nGeorgia, the following Counties were laid out\\nCatoosa, County site, RingolJ.\\nCalhoun,\\nCharlton,\\nChattahoochee,\\nClay, Fort Gaines.\\nCoffee,\\nDougherty, Albany.\\nFannin, Morganton.\\nFulton, Atlanta.\\nHart, Hartwell.\\nKinchafoonee, Mcintosh.\\nPickens, Jasper.\\nWorth, Isabella.", "height": "3298", "width": "1876", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0769.jp2"}, "764": {"fulltext": "2 Census of 1850.\\nTABLE I.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Population by Counties\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Classification of Ages, Color and Condition.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Aggregates.\\nW EL I T E S\\nCOUNTIES.\\nUnder I,\\n1\\nand under\\n5.\\no\\nand under\\n10.\\n10\\nand under\\n15.\\nl\\nand\\nunder\\nSo\\nand under\\nSO.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM. 1\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\n50\\n62\\n38\\n55\\n20\\n55\\n107\\n27\\n104\\n140\\n129\\n101\\n1-:;\\n68\\n11\\n113\\nit;\\n124\\n77\\n62\\n73\\n186\\n97\\n75\\n39\\n93\\n76\\n123\\n74\\n136\\n120\\n143\\n9\\n41\\n63\\n180\\n111\\n139\\n4 1\\n49\\nGO\\n37\\n49\\n30\\n40\\n64\\n67\\n2J\\nli-\\nllO\\n125\\n103\\n78\\n162\\n59\\n2\\n116\\n29\\n116\\n62\\n47\\n80\\n167\\n86\\n71\\n28\\n89\\n56\\n10S\\n55\\n98\\n114\\n120\\n18\\n35\\n38\\n159\\n79\\n132\\n195\\n367\\n189\\n471\\n67\\n243\\n334\\n257\\n151\\n423\\n620\\n781\\n432\\n383\\n899\\n327\\n41\\n895\\n229\\n577\\n303\\n204\\n344\\n781\\n4-25\\n296\\n141\\n460\\n295\\n494\\n385\\n607\\n683\\n650\\n42\\n447\\n296\\n679\\n638\\n564\\n265\\n218\\n316\\n171\\n430\\n81\\n203\\n315\\n245\\n154\\n404\\n630\\n756\\n481\\n337\\n858\\n301\\n32\\n821\\n223\\n563\\n279\\n183\\n324\\n755\\n307\\n300\\n130\\n443\\n265\\n459\\n357\\n548\\n688\\n604\\n43\\n389\\n268\\n607\\n558\\n538\\n264\\n459\\n323\\n657\\n427\\n214\\n449\\n283\\n236\\n272\\n227\\n217\\n142\\n124\\n406\\n512\\n291\\n241\\n105\\n531\\n552\\n4 43\\n100\\n198\\n639\\n516\\n260\\n409\\n580\\n198\\n205\\n545\\n455\\n246\\n369\\n248\\n540\\n115\\n237\\n383\\n305\\n159\\n499\\n746\\n901\\n482\\n436\\n1,038\\n356\\n58\\n1,021\\n664\\n370\\n203\\n376\\n904\\n474\\n297\\n158\\n50 1\\n310\\n562\\n458\\n690\\n712\\n763\\n59\\n4 4 -J\\n371\\n710\\n6-3\\n597\\n317\\n545\\n384\\n826\\n510\\n254\\n552\\n330\\n306\\n328\\n280\\n245\\n160\\n148\\n473\\n626\\n343\\n270\\n99\\n590\\n707\\n510\\n1\\n277\\n1,095\\n825\\n6L2\\n35 4\\n509\\n7:;-\\n325\\n246\\n212\\n49b\\n215\\n3 -J 4\\n217\\n454\\n93\\n246\\n31-\\n270\\n185\\n489\\n701\\n830\\n504\\n381\\n963\\n424\\n39\\n998\\n247\\ncry:\\n308\\n247\\n359\\n903\\n444\\n278\\n165\\n505\\n2*0\\n551\\n415\\n660\\n761\\n731\\n39\\n414\\n367\\n704\\n577\\n574\\n276\\n196\\n293\\n212\\n413\\n80\\n198\\n326\\n262\\n132\\n414\\n597\\n745\\n426\\n353\\n852\\n373\\n40\\n944\\n228\\n572\\n330\\n175\\n335\\n796\\n415\\n248\\n132\\n477\\n265\\n483\\n414\\n546\\n662\\n600\\n46\\n419\\n341\\n629\\n565\\n508\\n283\\n508\\n349\\n716\\n490\\n250\\n44 1\\n300\\n239\\n234\\n235\\n203\\n137\\n160\\n393\\n593\\n279\\n242\\n91\\n512\\n598\\n482\\n113\\n259\\n864\\n715\\n5-\\n296\\n412\\n649\\n247\\n256\\n17\\n577\\n504\\n176\\n281\\n216\\n456\\n71\\n202\\n299\\n2\\n125\\n412\\n605\\n713\\n443\\n343\\n754\\n379\\n34\\n862\\n251\\n574\\n277\\n171\\n305\\n780\\n405\\n229\\n128\\n462\\n233\\n491\\n350\\n530\\n597\\n554\\n38\\n369\\n323\\n593\\n495\\n494\\n26s\\n529\\n325\\n710\\n454\\n201\\n490\\n262\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0j.;\\n258\\n255\\n198\\n138\\n153\\n395\\n586\\n297\\n254\\n76\\n187\\n9\\n501\\n9(\\n28.\\n818\\n721\\n535\\n326\\n368\\n283\\nJ 96\\n161\\n565\\n528\\nill\\n227\\n217\\n341\\n64\\n157\\n216\\n207\\n117\\n334\\n435\\n585\\n420\\n282\\n615\\n375\\n40\\n57-\\n194\\n461\\n236\\n116\\n229\\n612\\n292\\n190\\n102\\n369\\n215\\n383\\n269\\n431\\n502\\n423\\n24\\n260\\n280\\n480\\n390\\n383\\n266\\n390\\n260\\n641\\n361\\n151\\n342\\n252\\n192\\n226\\n177\\n162\\n115\\n140\\n300\\n429\\n219\\n200\\n68\\n335\\n187\\n387\\n102\\n184\\n673\\n534\\n534\\n223\\n307\\n470\\n207\\n192\\n144\\n394\\n400\\n122\\n230\\n230\\n453\\n64\\n161\\n244\\n222\\n112\\n346\\n481\\n597\\n437\\n303\\n672\\n369\\n32\\n685\\n196\\n487\\n288\\n145\\n247\\n655\\n307\\n174\\n99\\n392\\n221\\n384\\n308\\n4 5 2\\n509\\n44-\\n38\\n303\\n287\\n529\\n434\\n422\\n219\\n385\\n30 l\\n560\\n385\\n156\\n397\\n261\\n188\\n214\\n188\\n1 52\\n101\\n117\\n348\\n475\\n223\\n200\\n62\\n398\\n512\\n444\\n101\\n249\\n634\\n629\\n499\\n238\\n327\\n542\\n227\\n220\\n104\\n425\\n1 469\\n189\\n403\\n411\\n666\\n88\\n207\\n598\\n314\\n161\\n472\\n642\\n923\\n1,163\\n454\\n927\\n493\\n42\\n910\\n353\\n744\\n401\\n203\\n416\\n967\\n471\\n439\\n172\\n620\\n285\\n586\\n480\\n634\\n708\\n652\\n47\\n428\\n400\\n718\\n583\\n587\\n351\\n525\\n363\\n788\\n549\\n221\\n543\\n396\\n300\\n340\\n302\\n280\\n146\\n194\\n413\\n625\\n368\\n282\\n127\\n555\\n642\\n626\\n148\\n332\\n1,168\\n888\\n671\\n380\\n463\\n775\\n327\\n284\\n167\\n673\\n858\\n203\\nker\\n399\\nbb\\n288\\n640\\n87\\n235\\n446\\n309\\n180\\n454\\n647\\n809\\n949\\n481\\n985\\n485\\n37\\nbb\\n939\\n314\\n678\\n351\\n212\\n403\\niKalb\\n1,042\\n461\\n411\\nfingham.\\nbert\\n179\\n580\\n277\\n554\\noyd\\n385\\n645\\n763\\n622\\n65\\n452\\nibersham.\\nill\\n392\\n750\\n608\\n676\\n374\\n37\\n64\\n131\\n85\\n56\\n98\\n61\\n61\\n64\\n44\\n59\\n34\\n31\\n82\\n133\\n65\\n71\\n17\\n97\\n112\\n76\\n34\\n61\\n257\\n125\\n127\\n60\\n134\\n117\\n56\\n40\\n30\\n124\\n70\\n78\\n47\\n102\\n88\\n51\\n90\\n49\\n53\\n73\\n39\\n59\\n36\\n31\\n124\\n73\\n62\\n15\\n87\\n131\\n77\\n24\\n55\\n205\\n119\\n125\\n55\\n92\\nIK\\n58\\n32\\n29\\n119\\n69\\n480\\n348\\n693\\n510\\n228\\n499\\n294\\n283\\n265\\n262\\n217\\n155\\n139\\n416\\n565\\n272\\n282\\n94\\n457\\n64.\\n492\\n91\\n237\\n955\\n666\\n576\\n288\\n448\\n659\\n250\\n130\\n21\\n630\\n472\\n563\\n3178\\n813\\n510\\n273\\n527\\n285\\n279\\n29\\n270\\n232\\n145\\n161\\n425\\n707\\n325\\n302\\n91\\n554\\n710\\n510\\n101\\n249\\n984\\n634\\n340\\n461\\n7:: 1\\n242\\n199\\n644\\n516\\n5 4 1\\n370\\n785\\njuston\\n552\\n205\\nek on\\n585\\n405\\n327\\n303\\n287\\ne\\n261\\nberty\\n154\\n187\\n400\\n674\\n352\\n315\\n101\\n497\\n631\\n542\\n128\\n295\\nay\\n1,022\\n395\\n673\\naulding\\n355\\n464\\n677\\n329\\n291\\n165\\nanJoIph\\nichmond\\n647\\n791", "height": "3400", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0770.jp2"}, "765": {"fulltext": "Statistics of Georgia.\\nTABLE I.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Population by Counties\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Ages, Color, and Condition\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Aggregates\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Continued.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nScriven\\nStewart\\nSumter\\nTalbot\\nTailaferro.\\nTatnall\\nTelfair\\nThomas\\nTroup\\nTwiggs\\nUnion\\nUpson\\nWalker\\nWalton,\\nWare\\nWarren\\nWashington\\nWayne\\nWilkes\\nWilkinson..\\nWHITES\\n26\\n130\\n145\\n101\\n38\\n44\\n30\\n78\\n116\\n38\\n128\\n88\\n186\\n110\\n65\\n54\\n84\\n19\\n38\\n77\\n26\\n120\\n137\\n111\\n24\\n38\\n23\\n86\\n139\\n33\\n133\\n74\\n184\\n103\\n66\\n81\\n79\\n24\\n39\\n90\\nM.\\n290\\n670\\n509\\n558\\n113\\n191\\n170\\n364\\n499\\n262\\n560\\n296\\n854\\n47\\n270\\n415\\n401\\n83\\n24-1\\n452\\nF.\\n209\\n625\\n491\\n520\\n122\\n166\\n14 -J\\n344\\n472\\n259\\n526\\n316\\n842\\n495\\n301\\n414\\n400\\n89\\n260\\n400\\nand under\\n10.\\nM.\\n270\\n725\\n515\\n632\\n167\\n200\\nISO\\n423\\n594\\n275\\n613\\n374\\n964\\n557\\n305\\n511\\n463\\n107\\n270\\n463\\nF.\\n275\\n715\\n515\\n609\\n137\\n199\\n182\\n404\\n610\\n251\\n557\\n380\\n938\\n505\\n34*\\n481\\n431\\n91\\n313\\n47 2\\nTotal 7,894 7,271 37,844 35,698 42,642 41,118 37,075 35,674 28,497 30,C85 l 44,873 43,527\\nM.\\n2.70\\n657\\n434\\n587\\n132\\n168\\n140\\n399\\n565\\n261\\n518\\n330\\n865\\n510\\n270\\n420\\n410\\n82\\n264\\n385\\nF.\\n226\\n607\\n404\\n525\\n114\\n161\\n147\\n360\\n617\\n233\\n474\\n355\\n783\\n433\\n256\\n373\\n420\\n72\\n273\\n378\\nM.\\n130\\n464\\n359\\n439\\n118\\n122\\n106\\n286\\n481\\n191\\n387\\n27.7\\n621\\n400\\n246\\n310\\n58\\n235\\n285\\n168\\n518\\n353\\n460\\n119\\n115\\n273\\n605\\n218\\n398\\n2!)7\\n641.\\n407\\n190\\n321\\n34.7\\n61\\n212\\n256\\nao\\nand under\\n80.\\nM.\\n245\\n723\\n567\\n647\\n194\\n194\\n168\\n393\\n661\\n314\\n523\\n384\\n970\\n611\\n7.7\\n558\\n562\\n70\\n2H1\\n496\\nF.\\n249\\n680\\n511\\n636\\n190\\n197\\n153\\n358\\n580\\n27 4\\n591\\n392\\n974\\n600\\n277\\n559\\n500\\n77\\n313\\n435\\nTABLE I.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Population by Counties- -Ages, Color, and Condition\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Aggregates\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Continued.\\nWH I\\nPES.\\nCOUNTIES.\\n80\\nand under\\n40.\\n40\\nand under\\n50.\\n50\\nand under\\n60-\\n60\\nand under\\nTO.\\n70\\nand under\\nSO.\\nSO\\nand under\\n90.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\n135\\n292\\n232\\n548\\n6P\\n132\\n374\\n197\\n115\\n263\\n388\\n557\\n976\\n263\\n578\\n259\\n13\\n602\\n209\\n481\\n214\\n133\\n271\\n.77-\\n307\\n181\\n105\\n357\\n156\\n325\\n312\\n116\\n190\\n164\\n417\\n57\\n122\\n247\\n175\\n108\\n263\\n355\\n521\\n679\\n250\\n542\\n303\\n17\\n582\\n213\\n394\\n205\\n133\\n204\\n580\\n270\\n170\\n100\\n346\\n175\\n296\\n253\\n65\\n162\\n167\\n301\\n50\\n103\\n223\\n132\\n77\\n192\\n303\\n3.79\\n462\\n161\\n399\\n200\\n15\\n405\\n130\\n312\\n126\\n73\\n173\\n426\\n191\\n116\\n83\\n234\\n107\\n215\\n214\\n73\\n136\\n148\\n257\\n42\\n99\\n188\\n125\\n68\\n193\\n257\\n283\\n357\\n158\\n360\\n213\\n14\\n347\\n108\\n248\\n149\\n69\\n147\\n373\\n182\\n110\\n73\\n212\\n123\\n234\\n175\\n45\\n84\\n100\\n170\\n27\\n50\\n91\\n79\\n44\\n104\\n156\\n198\\n202\\n125\\n224\\n116\\n17\\n188\\n116\\n163\\n105\\n32\\n100\\n214\\n96\\n49\\n58\\n130\\n68\\n145\\n103\\n43\\n59\\nMi\\n134\\n25\\n49\\n134\\n70\\n45\\n91\\n148\\n169\\n221\\n99\\n208\\n146\\n12\\n189\\n93\\n141\\n97\\n39\\n103\\n240\\n108\\n47\\n47\\n130\\n58\\n111\\n6S\\n24\\n38\\n45\\n75\\n15\\n31\\n53\\n54\\n27\\n53\\n94\\n106\\n95\\n50\\n130\\n4\\n153\\n49\\n71\\n62\\n32\\n45\\n141\\n49\\n14\\n21\\n93\\n40\\n81\\n51\\n21\\n1\\n50\\n67\\n7\\n32\\n56\\n43\\n25\\n47\\n66\\n79\\n122\\n50\\n113\\n76\\n3\\n111\\n70\\n71\\n48\\n24\\n40\\n110\\n46\\n13\\n21\\n84\\n35\\n65\\n41\\n11\\nll\\n19\\n29\\n9\\n18\\n17\\n17\\n14\\n27\\n32\\n36\\n28\\n22\\n46\\n35\\n1\\n4.7\\n23\\n40\\n21\\n10\\n2.7\\n52\\n20\\n3\\n12\\n30\\n20\\n30\\nt 16\\n6\\n8\\n19\\n24\\n3\\n11\\n15\\n17\\n12\\n27\\n32\\n37\\n47\\n25\\n41\\n33\\no\\n35\\n22\\n39\\n17\\n12\\n14\\n48\\n20\\n3\\n10\\n40\\n15\\n22\\n9\\n4\\n1\\n6\\n9\\n5\\nBaker\\nBaldwin\\n6\\n5\\nBullock\\nBurk\\n4\\n6\\n9\\n4\\n8\\n13\\n13\\n4\\n3\\n19\\n16\\n11\\n4\\n10\\n8\\n2\\n3\\n15\\n5\\n1\\n9\\n7\\n13\\n5\\n3\\n3\\nButts\\n8\\n6\\nCarroll\\n4\\n13\\nCass\\n17\\nClark\\n11\\n25\\n11\\nClinch\\n7\\n11\\n12\\n7\\n3\\n1\\n12\\n5\\n1\\n15\\n5\\n12\\n5", "height": "3381", "width": "1871", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0771.jp2"}, "766": {"fulltext": "Census of 1850.\\nTABLE I.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Population by Countias\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Ages, Color, and Condition\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Aggregates\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Continued.\\nCOUNTIE.-\\nW KITES\\n80 40\\nand under and under\\n4 l. 50.\\n60 70 80\\nand under and under and under\\n70. 80. 00.\\nM. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M.\\nForsyth\\nFranklin\\nGilmer\\nGlynn\\nGordon\\nGreene\\nGwinnett\\nHambersbam\\nHall\\nHancock.\\nHarris\\nHead\\nHenry\\nHouston\\nIrwin\\nJackson\\nJasper\\nJefferson\\nJones\\nLaurens\\nLee\\nLiberty\\nLincoln\\nLowndes\\nLumpkin...\\nMacon\\nMadison\\nIcIntosb\\nMarion\\nMeriwether.\\nMonroe\\nMontgo nery.\\nMorgan\\nMurray\\nMuscogee\\nNewton\\nOglethorpe..\\nPaulding\\nPike\\nPulaski\\nPutnam\\nRabu i\\nRandolph\\nRichmond..\\nScriven\\nStewart\\nSumter\\nTalbot\\ni Taliaferro.\\nTatna l\\nTelfair\\nThomas\\nTroup\\nTwiggs\\nUnion\\nUpson\\nWalker\\nWalton\\nWare\\nWarren\\nWashington.\\nWayne\\nWilkes\\nWilkinson..\\nTotal...\\n362\\n414\\n427\\n55\\n258\\n254\\n399\\n360\\n321\\n2\\n230\\n442\\n35!)\\n133\\n338\\n245\\n218\\n216\\n164\\n193\\n110\\n107\\n231\\n414\\n237\\n200\\n90\\n335\\n409\\n332\\n86\\n222\\n701\\n640\\n273\\n277\\n444\\n212\\n177\\n98\\nI\\n638\\n175\\n485\\n366\\n400\\n125\\n112\\n118\\n270\\n304\\n192\\n331\\n233\\n553\\n343\\n149\\n308\\n309\\n45\\n207\\n309\\n28 II 3\\n360\\n441\\n400\\n230\\n244\\n421\\n374\\n325\\n214\\n215\\n47\\n323\\n134\\n336\\n207\\n214\\n146\\n99\\n112\\n240\\n407\\n175\\n197\\n76\\n332\\n437\\n61\\n174\\n614\\n544\\n377\\n232\\n239\\n414\\n201\\n165\\n109\\n365\\n491\\n186\\n390\\n301\\n344\\n95\\n109\\n104\\n243\\n334\\n180\\n300\\n232\\n524\\n130\\n337\\n312\\n54\\n186\\n275\\n259\\n309\\n282\\n36\\n192\\n173\\n249\\n230\\n159\\n168\\n369\\n244\\n91\\n223\\n139\\n144\\n134\\n123\\n111\\n74\\n80\\n213\\n280\\n157\\n130\\n47\\n334\\n217\\n50\\n159\\n440\\n454\\n262\\n177\\n150\\n307\\n129\\n128\\n72\\n306\\n381\\n122\\n345\\n224\\n272\\n63\\n73\\n69\\n1-1\\n292\\n130\\n241\\n162\\n379\\n224\\n110\\n215\\n209\\n41\\n146\\n17 i\\n284\\n159\\n152\\n82\\n203\\n202\\n121\\n239\\n144\\n150\\n97\\n20\\n17\\n11\\n175\\n95\\n94\\n45\\n187\\n132\\n96\\n71\\n189\\n213\\n119\\n251\\n179\\n167\\n108\\n149\\n151\\n90\\nU\\n77\\n_-.\\n146\\n81\\n147\\n1\\n62\\n36\\n330\\n210\\n154\\n104\\n142\\n120\\n50\\n41\\n24\\n155\\n162\\n104\\ni\\n99\\n84\\n70\\n72\\n48\\nl v-\\n74\\n34\\n57\\n138\\n61\\n66\\nI\\n62\\n39\\n31\\n45\\n45\\n81\\n53\\n60\\n40\\n165\\n99\\n90\\n57\\n264\\n14-\\n156\\n94\\n107\\n87\\n87\\n37\\n147\\n77\\n82\\n52\\n57\\n41\\n28\\n10\\n120\\n114\\n81\\n188\\n156\\n95\\n238\\n207\\n171\\n94\\n47\\n35\\n31\\n14\\nHI\\n74\\n79\\n42\\n385\\n194\\n141\\n359\\n254\\n188\\n104\\n270\\n17-\\n186\\n117\\n164\\n81\\n84\\n54\\n177\\n95\\n51\\n271\\n174\\n157\\n92\\n117\\n84\\n56\\n37\\n124\\n89\\n55\\n73\\n42\\n37\\n150\\n112\\n85\\n345\\n193\\n201\\n91\\n94\\n68\\n66\\n36\\n157\\n125\\n82\\n196\\n126\\n126\\n74\\n203\\n155\\n99\\n54\\n49\\n32\\n58\\n56\\n33\\n70\\n41\\n40\\n31\\n140\\n106\\n90\\n46\\n274\\n137\\n148\\n100\\n124\\n67\\n69\\n46\\n221\\n112\\n103\\n89\\n98\\n105\\n74\\n357\\n233\\n210\\n115\\n2:4\\n157\\n148\\n93\\n114\\n73\\n51\\n42\\n222\\n139\\n136\\n75\\n223\\n134\\n140\\n78\\n34\\n26\\n24\\n12\\n150\\n94\\n52\\n163\\n101\\n115\\n71\\n403\\n10,891\\n10,125\\n6,202\\n40\\n106\\n57\\n95\\n71\\n43\\n56\\n43\\n25\\n27\\n33\\n41\\n74\\n41\\n69\\n15\\n50\\n109\\n73\\n20\\n101\\n114\\n103\\n58\\n41\\n35\\n41\\n34\\n64\\n103\\n28\\n72\\n58\\n73\\n31\\n30\\n25\\n45\\n79\\n54\\n77\\n57\\n91\\n73\\n26\\n100\\n80\\n7\\n50\\n74\\nj. 147 2,329\\nM.\\n725", "height": "3446", "width": "1908", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0772.jp2"}, "767": {"fulltext": "Statistics of Georgia.\\nTABLE I.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Population by Counties\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Ages, Color, and Condition\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Aggregates\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Continued.\\nWHITES.\\nFREE COLORED.\\nCOUNTIES.\\n90\\nand under\\n100.\\n100\\nand upwards.\\nAge\\nunknown.\\nCnder\\n1.\\n1\\nand under\\n5.\\n5\\nand under\\n10.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM. F.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\n2\\n1 2\\n2\\n3\\n3\\n1\\n1\\nBaker\\n1\\n6\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n3\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n3\\nBibb\\n3\\n1\\n2\\n3\\n1\\nBullock\\no\\nBurke\\n1\\n1\\n4\\n2\\n9\\n1\\n8\\n15\\n15\\nButts\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\nCarroll\\n1\\n7\\n2\\no\\n3\\nCass\\n4\\n40\\n1\\n1\\n40\\n2\\n36\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n3\\n9\\n56\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n10\\n19\\n1\\n1\\n2\\nClark\\n3\\n1\\n1\\ng\\n1\\no\\nCobb\\n4\\n3\\n3\\n4\\no\\n3\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n6\\n4\\n5\\n1\\n1\\n2\\nr\\nDade\\n1\\n1\\nDeKalb\\n4\\n4\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n1\\nDooly\\nI\\n1\\nElbert\\n1\\ng\\n4\\n1\\n1\\n1\\nI\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n1\\nI\\n1\\n6\\n3\\n1\\n1\\n5\\n3\\n4\\n3\\n1\\n1\\n1\\no\\n9\\n4\\n2\\n3\\n1\\n2\\n4\\nI\\nI\\n2\\n5\\n4\\n5\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n1\\n2\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2j\\no\\n7\\n4\\n6\\nGwinnett\\nHrbersham\\nHall\\n4\\n26\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0j\\n22\\n1\\n4\\n1\\ni\\n1\\n10\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n4\\n1\\ng\\n4\\n7\\n2\\ni\\n2\\n1\\no\\n4\\nl\\n5\\n2\\n2\\n1\\n2\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n2\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n4\\n5\\n2\\n3\\n4\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n2\\n1\\n4 5\\n4 4\\no\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\nD\\n1\\ng\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\nt\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\no\\n1\\n3\\ng\\n4\\n1\\n3\\n3\\n6\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n2\\nS\\n6\\n1\\n1\\n4\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n4\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n4\\n1\\no\\n4\\n2\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n1\\n4\\n2\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n4\\n1\\n2\\n2\\n4\\n4\\n1\\nMnrrav\\ng\\n1\\n1\\n10\\n1\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2J\\n1\\n2\\n2\\nPaulding\\nPike\\n1\\n1\\n1 3\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n6\\n2\\n2\\n4\\nPulasfl\\n2\\n1 3\\n2\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n1\\n1\\n13\\n11\\n22\\n14", "height": "3448", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0773.jp2"}, "768": {"fulltext": "Census of 1850.\\nTABLE I.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Population by Counties- -Ages, Color, and Condition-Aggregates-Continued.\\nWHITES.\\nFREE COLORED.\\nCOUNTIES.\\n90\\nand under\\n100.\\n100\\nand upwards.\\nAge\\nunknown.\\nUnder\\n1.\\n1\\nand under\\n5.\\n5\\nand under\\n10.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM. F.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\n1\\n4\\n1\\n2\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n1\\n1\\no\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n2\\n1\\n1\\n5\\n4\\n3\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n5\\n3\\n1\\nTalbot\\n7\\n1\\n4\\n3\\n2\\n4\\n3\\nTatna l\\no\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n1\\n2\\n1\\n1\\n2\\nTelfair\\n1\\n1\\n5\\n3\\nThomas\\nTroup\\nl\\n1\\n4\\n1\\n3\\n3\\n4\\n1\\n2\\n1\\n2\\n2\\n3\\n1\\n1\\no\\nWalker\\n2\\n4\\n4\\no\\n7\\n1\\n3\\nWalton\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n9\\n14\\n15\\n8\\no\\n2 3\\n3\\n2\\n1\\n3\\nWilkes\\n4\\n2\\n1\\n4\\n1\\n1\\n1 1\\nTotal\\n119\\n149\\n26\\n2?\\n104\\n94\\n44| 30\\n178[ 165J 221\\n202\\nTABLE I\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Population by Counties-Ages, Color and Condition-Aggregates-Continued.\\nFREE COLORED\\nCOUNTIES.\\n10\\nand under\\n15.\\n15 20\\nand under and under\\nSO. JO.\\n80\\nand under\\n40.\\n40\\nand under\\n50.\\n50\\nand under\\n60.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF\\nAppang\\nBibb\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n1 3\\n1\\n2\\n1\\n9\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n3\\n1\\n1\\n4\\n4\\n1\\n2\\n6\\n1\\n5\\n3\\n1\\n3\\n3\\no\\no\\n3\\n2\\nBryan\\n10\\n1\\n1\\n7\\n11\\n6\\n11\\n9\\n1\\n6\\n12\\n5\\n3\\n4\\n4\\n1\\namt\\no\\n1\\n3\\n35\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n1\\n26\\n55\\no\\n44\\n1\\n37\\n1\\n73\\n1\\n31\\n1\\n51\\n1\\n29\\n40\\n1\\n11\\n38\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n1\\n2\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n8\\n2\\n1\\n6\\n2\\n3\\n3\\n9\\n3\\no\\n3\\n3\\n1\\n5\\n3\\n2\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n4\\n1\\n1\\n4\\n1\\no\\n2\\n1\\n1\\nD Kalb\\n1\\n1\\n5\\n1\\n3\\n3\\n4\\n2\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\nV\\n1\\n1\\nEffingham\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n1\\no\\n4\\n1\\n2\\n1\\n2\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1 1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n1\\n5\\n1\\n2\\n1", "height": "3446", "width": "1908", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0774.jp2"}, "769": {"fulltext": "Statistics of Georgia- 7\\nTABLE I.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Population by Counties-Ages, Color, and Condition\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Aggregates\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Continued.\\nFREE COLORED.\\nCOUNTIES.\\n10\\nand under\\n15.\\n15\\nand under\\n40.\\n20\\nand under\\n80.\\n80\\nand under\\n40.\\n40\\nand under\\n50.\\n50\\nand under\\n60.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM. 1 F.\\nM.\\nF.\\nl\\n2\\nl\\n1\\nl\\n3\\n1\\n5\\n1\\n1\\n6\\n1\\n2\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n3\\n3\\n1\\n1\\n6\\n3\\no\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n2\\n1\\n5\\n3\\n4\\n1\\n3\\n1\\nI\\n1\\n1\\nHall\\n1\\n5\\n6\\n1\\n4\\n3\\n1\\n3\\n3\\n1\\n3\\n4\\n3\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\nHead\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\no\\n1\\n4\\n1\\no\\n2\\n1\\n2\\n5\\n1\\n6\\n1\\n3\\n1\\nI\\n1\\n6\\n2\\n1\\n3\\n1\\no\\no\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n4\\n1\\n2\\n2\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n4\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n2\\nj-\\nTee\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n3\\n2\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n2\\n1\\no\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\no\\nLincoln\\n1\\n3\\n3\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n2\\no\\nMl\\n1\\n5\\n3\\n2\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n3\\no\\n10\\n1\\n3\\n4\\no\\n7\\n5\\no\\n3\\n2\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n3\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n5\\n5\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n5\\n2\\n1\\n5\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n1\\n3\\no\\n3\\n6\\n6\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n1\\n3\\n5\\n1\\n4\\n2\\nPike\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n6\\n3\\n3\\n5\\n3\\n1\\n2\\n2\\n2\\n6\\n3\\n2\\n12\\n4\\n4\\n1\\n2\\n1\\n2\\n1\\nI\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n8\\n1\\nL2\\n19\\nIS\\nIf\\n13\\n24\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n52\\n12\\n14\\n2\\n8\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n4\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n7\\n4\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\nTalbot\\n1\\n2\\nTatnaU\\n2\\n1\\n3\\n3\\n1\\n2\\n1\\n2\\n1\\n2\\n3\\n1\\nE\\n2\\n4\\n1\\n1\\n4\\n3\\n2\\n1\\n3\\nTroup\\n1\\n5\\n4\\no\\n1\\n1\\nIT\\nWalker\\n1\\nI\\n2\\n1\\n4\\na\\n4\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\nWarren\\nIE\\n1\\ni\\n15\\n1\\n1\\n1 1\\nis\\ni\\nS\\n1\\n14\\n1\\n7\\n4\\n1\\n2\\n6\\n2\\n6\\n5\\nWilkes\\n1\\ni\\nS\\n1\\n1\\nTotal\\nsor\\n18(\\n147\\n171\\n193\\n28\\n131\\n17L\\n97\\n9C\\n65\\n99", "height": "3448", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0775.jp2"}, "770": {"fulltext": "Census of 1850.\\nTABLE I. \u00e2\u0080\u0094Population by Counties\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Ages, Color, and Condition\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Aggregates-Continued.\\nFREE COLORED.\\nCOUNTIES.\\n60\\nand under\\nro.\\nTO\\nand under\\n80.\\nWO\\nand under\\n90.\\n90\\nnnd under\\n100.\\n100\\nmid upwards-\\nAge\\nunknown.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM. 1 F.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nA 1\\no\\no\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n2\\n3\\ni\\n1\\nT\\n1\\n1\\n8\\nO.J\\n11\\n15\\n6\\n3\\n7\\n1\\nClark\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n1\\n4\\n2\\n1\\n1\\no\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\nElbert\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\nFranklin\\nGilmer\\n1\\no\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\nl\\n1\\nc J i 11\\n1\\n1\\no\\nene\\nH b 1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\nH d\\ny.\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n1\\n2\\nT\\n1\\nT\\n1\\n1\\n4\\n1\\nJefl erson\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\nT\\nj\\nT 1\\n1\\n2\\n2\\nT k\\n1\\nM\\nHI i-\\n1\\n1\\n1\\nl\\n1\\nMcintosh\\no\\n4\\n1\\nM tl\\nM\\n1U\\nM\\nM\\n3\\n2\\n1\\nl\\nn l i\\n1\\nPaulding\\nPike\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n2\\nP\\nR 1\\n-r, j 1 i\\n1\\n3\\ni\\n1 1", "height": "3446", "width": "1908", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0776.jp2"}, "771": {"fulltext": "Statistics ok Georgia.\\nTABLE I.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Population by Counties\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Ages, Color, and Condition\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Aggregates\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Continued.\\nFREE COLORED.\\nCOUNTIES.\\n60\\nnnd under\\nTO.\\n~0\\nnnd under\\n80.\\n80\\nand under\\n90.\\n90\\nand under\\n100.\\n100\\nand upwards.\\nAgc\\nUnknown.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nTalbot\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n2\\n1\\nTatnall\\n1\\nTelfair\\n1\\n1\\nTwiggs\\n1\\nWalker\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\nWilkes\\nTotal\\n44\\n67\\n35\\n44\\n8\\n18\\n9\\n14\\n2\\nl\\nTABLE I.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Population by Counties\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Ages, Color, and Condition\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Aggregates\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Continued.\\nS E A V E\\nS.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nUnder 1,\\n1\\nand under\\n5.\\n5\\nand under\\n10.\\n10\\nand under\\n15.\\n15\\nacid under\\n20.\\nSO\\nand under\\nSO.\\nSO\\nand under\\n40.\\nM,\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nAppling\\n8\\n38\\n53\\n39\\n22\\n18\\n146\\n43\\n30\\n19\\n15\\n41\\n105\\n31\\n8\\n63\\n1\\n3D\\n43\\n60\\n72\\n4\\n51\\n30\\n47\\n52\\n27\\n85\\n14\\n35\\n54\\n55\\n32\\n23\\n148\\n36\\n25\\n32\\n20\\n44\\n155\\n29\\n21\\n63\\n2\\n31\\n45\\n59\\n57\\n2\\n41\\n37\\n43\\n58\\n15\\n115\\n11\\n37\\n257\\n330\\n346\\n158\\n119\\n733\\n228\\n276\\n106\\n83\\n214\\n586\\n166\\n78\\n404\\n10\\n166\\n663\\n425\\n333\\n10\\n296\\n212\\n217\\n283\\n129\\n535\\n74\\n24\\n258\\n315\\n389\\n147\\n111\\n728\\n211\\n320\\n115\\n62\\n225\\n724\\n141\\n90\\n386\\n10\\n171\\n656\\n454\\n331\\n11\\n281\\n223\\n201\\n264\\n134\\n495\\n70\\n34\\n290\\n366\\n343\\n156\\n136\\n724\\n232\\n267\\n140\\n81\\n256\\n686\\n151\\n103\\n43S\\n11\\n17s\\n612\\n427\\n387\\n7\\n289\\n239\\n204\\n*73\\n111\\n532\\n70\\n41\\n253\\n341\\n375\\n125\\n129\\n744\\n220\\n335\\n134\\n111\\n234\\n784\\n157\\n84\\n41ii\\n9\\n194\\n603\\n425\\n344\\n11\\n304\\n224\\n200\\n281\\n152\\n459\\n102\\n33\\n280\\n337\\n323\\n120\\n132\\n7S3\\n225\\n261\\n119\\n93\\n217\\n745\\n123\\n86\\n393\\n175\\n579\\n412\\n379\\n15\\n259\\n193\\n198\\n243\\n119\\n426\\n80\\n36\\n270\\n336\\n365\\n120\\n110\\n703\\n208\\n301\\n124\\n86\\n195\\n854\\n116\\n102\\n369\\n10\\n159\\n526\\n381\\n322\\n16\\n241\\n235\\n219\\n235\\n104\\n465\\n70\\n24\\n246\\n270\\n299\\n110\\n60\\n591\\n146\\n185\\n85\\n86\\n205\\n659\\n92\\n67\\n308\\n8\\n137\\n482\\n3\\n285\\n10\\n201\\n168\\n151\\n187\\n96\\n345\\n58\\n19\\n240\\n290\\n340\\n120\\n81\\n546\\n177\\n235\\n86\\n68\\n197\\n713\\n102\\n91\\n372\\n6\\n156\\n547\\n356\\n272\\n10\\n190\\n195\\n186\\n1 )3\\n74\\n333\\n02\\n32\\n375\\n374\\n503\\n186\\n122\\n1,005\\n246\\n350\\n134\\n94\\n284\\n1.375\\n121\\n113\\n462\\n12\\n172\\n719\\n504\\n435\\n9\\n319\\n251\\n258\\n201\\n145\\n560\\n95\\n30\\n385\\n428\\n554\\n224\\n120\\n968\\n25]\\n378\\n133\\n91\\n272\\n1,292\\n148\\n100\\n49H\\n16\\n197\\n733\\n526\\n393\\n16\\n346\\n257\\n282\\n299\\n150\\n540\\n80\\n20\\n195\\n203\\n331\\n136\\n56\\n581\\n132\\n257\\n50\\n56\\n1\\n1,017\\n65\\n41\\n294\\n8\\n111!\\n382\\n232\\n219\\n3\\n185\\n135\\n121\\n194\\n9!\\n288\\n37\\n18\\n195\\nBaldwin\\nBibb\\n242\\n367\\nBullock\\n140\\n69\\n623\\nButts\\nCamden\\nCampbell\\n124\\n280\\n84\\n53\\nCass\\n155\\nChattooga\\nCherokee\\nClark\\n1,069\\n82\\n63\\n319\\n7\\nCobb\\n139\\nCoweta\\nCrawford\\nDade\\n431\\n278\\n222\\n7\\nDecatur\\nDeKalb\\nDooly\\n184\\n173\\n142\\nEarly\\n221\\nElbert\\n95\\n304\\nEmanuel\\n39", "height": "3448", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0777.jp2"}, "772": {"fulltext": "10\\nCensus of 1850.\\nTABLE I.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Population by Counties\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Ages, Color, and Condition\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Aggregates\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Continued.\\nS L, AV E\\nS.\\n1\\n5\\n10\\n15\\nSO\\n80\\nCOUNTIES.\\nUnd\\ner 1,\\nand under\\n5.\\nnnd under\\n10.\\nand\\n1\\nunder\\nand under\\nSO.\\nand under\\n80.\\nnnd under\\n40.\\nM,\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\n30\\n33\\n172\\n151\\n143\\n160\\n168\\n151\\n127\\n118\\n150\\n183\\n95\\n94\\nFloyd\\n31\\n23\\n40\\n18\\n227\\n94\\n240\\n64\\n224\\n107\\n254\\n80\\n220\\n79\\n222\\n63\\n17(\\n62\\n17b\\n71\\n272\\n76\\n25C\\n113\\n141\\n39\\n160\\nForsyth\\n49\\nFranklin\\n29\\n34\\n192\\n196\\n198\\n202\\n168\\n19]\\n141\\n142\\n180\\n191\\n95\\n117\\n5\\n44\\n3\\n97\\n44\\n4\\n42\\n5\\n115\\n37\\n23\\n291\\n65\\n598\\n172\\n16\\n320\\n62\\n581\\n192\\n19\\n251\\n70\\n632\\n180\\n14\\n256\\n70\\n611\\n185\\n11\\n271\\n65\\n576\\n157\\n12\\n267\\n69\\n561\\n139\\n193\\n64\\n496\\n165\\n14\\n179\\n54\\n500\\n152\\n14\\n312\\n75\\n803\\n210\\n28\\n41(\\n751\\n202\\n8\\n211\\n28\\n403\\n104\\n11\\n281\\n36\\n421\\n106\\n18\\n8\\n106\\n93\\n102\\n99\\n97\\n98\\n65\\n1 1\\n96\\n86\\n6(\\n74\\nHall\\n29\\n28\\n120\\n105\\n124\\n97\\n108\\n95\\n72\\n66\\n99\\n117\\n52\\n06\\nHancock\\n75\\n106\\n33\\n126\\n90\\n87\\n31\\n72\\n104\\n534\\n572\\n189\\n41(1\\n710\\n505\\n605\\n175\\n361\\n770\\n632\\n676\\n212\\n398\\n713\\n521\\n609\\n215\\n387\\n697\\n501\\n602\\n196\\n372\\n722\\n558\\n592\\n192\\n405\\n674\\n433\\n458\\n137\\n288\\n617\\n451\\n494\\n151\\n384\\n593\\n684\\n753\\n184\\n390\\n980\\n576\\n719\\n21(\\n473\\n948\\n335\\n381\\n359\\n101\\n219\\n506\\n420\\nHeard\\n125\\n235\\n576\\n8\\n41\\n10\\n49\\n37\\n228\\n41\\n234\\n50\\n270\\n40\\n260\\n30\\n215\\n26\\n230\\n26\\n173\\n22\\n199\\n39\\n210\\n43\\n241\\n14\\n120\\n27\\n149\\n92\\n79\\n82\\n80\\n565\\n497\\n531\\n350\\n579\\n265\\n550\\n375\\n558\\n409\\n527\\n367\\n380\\n283\\n440\\n325\\n600\\n473\\n603\\n454\\n357\\n292\\n328\\n297\\n85\\n32\\n82\\n28\\n461\\n260\\n492\\n192\\n500\\n266\\n477\\n248\\n447\\n228\\n437\\n201\\n386\\n174\\n374\\n152\\n580\\n259\\n578\\n226\\n278\\n122\\n323\\n156\\n76\\n72\\n210\\n239\\n258\\n280\\n235\\n269\\n227\\n211\\n373\\n331\\n237\\n188\\n49\\n5(1\\n44\\n62\\n454\\n283\\n474\\n239\\n375\\n289\\n402\\n269\\n343\\n285\\n350\\n276\\n273\\n215\\n261\\n226\\n479\\n357\\n513\\n334\\n362\\n186\\n410\\n145\\n34\\n37\\n182\\n186\\n226\\n201\\n162\\n184\\n133\\n132\\n168\\n193\\n117\\n146\\n11\\n6\\n75\\n86\\n85\\n77\\n70\\n57\\n58\\n40\\n84\\n80\\n51\\n35\\n45\\n40\\n48\\n33\\n22(1\\n133\\n263\\n145\\n200\\n157\\n221\\n106\\n175\\n142\\n210\\n165\\n165\\n117\\n189\\n114\\n277\\n154\\n306\\n160\\n140\\n75\\n160\\n106\\n36\\n56\\n373\\naso\\n345\\n346\\n294\\n238\\n174\\n177\\n335\\n384\\n286\\n300\\n60\\n106\\n59\\n105\\n287\\n607\\n295\\n578\\n275\\n638\\n256\\n650\\n241\\n591\\n253\\n577\\n215\\n519\\n225\\n488\\n359\\n730\\n367\\n795\\n167\\n362\\n178\\n380\\n135\\n129\\n766\\n777\\n742\\n792\\n780\\n775\\n671\\n690\\n890\\n861\\n463\\n495\\nMontgomery\\n12\\n16\\n47\\n56\\n45\\n54\\n54\\n38\\n29\\n45\\n48\\n55\\n28\\n27\\n74\\n95\\n490\\n474\\n507\\n494\\n438\\n500\\n440\\n471\\n665\\n051\\n386\\n392\\n37\\n33\\n122\\n159\\n151\\n151\\n145\\n124\\n119\\n114\\n198\\n184\\n83\\n87\\n80\\n92\\n527\\n552\\n594\\n582\\n500\\n551\\n449\\n506\\n813\\n826\\n438\\n457\\n75\\n70\\n431\\n401\\n407\\n389\\n427\\n368\\n311\\n338\\n441\\n418\\n242\\n262\\n103\\n122\\n565\\n638\\n618\\n656\\n532\\n620\\n462\\n509\\n640\\n693\\n374\\n393\\n15\\n10\\n113\\n123\\n111\\n127\\n122\\n133\\n79\\n77\\n122\\n142\\n66\\n61\\nPike\\n70\\n41\\n76\\n34\\n400\\n212\\n434\\n216\\n405\\n224\\n424\\n193\\n442\\n204\\n395\\n198\\n337\\n151\\n395\\n176\\n522\\n235\\n519\\n251\\n237\\n153\\n316\\n150\\n88\\n94\\n558\\n529\\n609\\n543\\n523\\n475\\n471\\n469\\n613\\n630\\n404\\n384\\n1\\n76\\n1\\n85\\n8\\n330\\n6\\n342\\n8\\n356\\n12\\n415\\n8\\n334\\n8\\n371\\n10\\n308\\n335\\n10\\n504\\n14\\n514\\n2\\n247\\n3\\n221\\n28\\n34\\n444\\n474\\n450\\n488\\n453\\n484\\n337\\n353\\n710\\n730\\n540\\n557\\n19\\n23\\n284\\n2S3\\n292\\n279\\n203\\n263\\n194\\n199\\n326\\n288\\n232\\n176\\n94\\n126\\n542\\n568\\n599\\n562\\n487\\n490\\n407\\n449\\n714\\n729\\n361\\n399\\n70\\n61\\n295\\n2!-*\\n278\\n293\\n276\\n242\\n237\\n235\\n381\\n400\\n183\\n181\\nTalbot\\n126\\n43\\n119\\n53\\n692\\n244\\n644\\n246\\n716\\n258\\n752\\n210\\n613\\n199\\n659\\n198\\n511\\n194\\n537\\n185\\n755\\n264\\n785\\n246\\n451\\n126\\n417\\nTaliaferro.\\n153\\nTatiKill\\n12\\n12\\n66\\n74\\n70\\n72\\n78\\n51\\n51\\n36\\n73\\n60\\n28\\n46\\nTelfair\\n20\\n11\\n78\\n79\\n95\\n77\\n64\\n66\\n52\\n58\\n74\\n73\\n28\\n43\\n59\\n63\\n465\\n438\\n403\\n409\\n372\\n364\\n258\\n374\\n416\\n527\\n2i3\\n235\\n130\\n28\\n-157\\n25\\n681\\n350\\n700\\n325\\n718\\n331\\n717\\n312\\n641\\n305\\n677\\n305\\n536\\n286\\n634\\n268\\n779\\n486\\n816\\n428\\n415\\n273\\n440\\n209\\n75\\n4\\n84\\n24\\n345\\n23\\n314\\n19\\n398\\n22\\n342\\n15\\n302\\n15\\n364\\n15\\n275\\n18\\n289\\n30\\n453\\n29\\n397\\n20\\n206\\n14\\nWalker\\n218\\n33\\n20\\n112\\n124\\n145\\n150\\n136\\n121\\n99\\n99\\n131\\n172\\n66\\n97\\n54\\n53\\n273\\n286\\n315\\n326\\n297\\n291\\n224\\n270\\n326\\n335\\n165\\n191\\n2\\n71\\n2\\n62\\n17\\n451\\n26\\n424\\n26\\n511\\n32\\n480\\n17\\n464\\n18\\n459\\n21\\n362\\n19\\n3*8\\n26\\n536\\n22\\n536\\n14\\n289\\n14\\n257\\n81\\n71\\n445\\n405\\n465\\n419\\n418\\n397\\n385\\n310\\n472\\n507\\n294\\n276\\n14\\n107\\n2\\n115\\n34\\n571\\n29\\n628\\n34\\n599\\n35\\n618\\n27\\n561\\n36\\n559\\n15\\n530\\n21\\n543\\n27\\n726\\n42\\n814\\n10\\n423\\n20\\nWilkes\\n432\\n41\\n39\\n179\\n228\\n207\\n218\\n175\\n200\\n135\\n196\\n270\\n250\\n133\\n127\\nTotal\\n4,730\\n4,889\\n27,984\\n28,070\\n28,941\\n28,711\\n26,834\\n26,749\\n21,865\\n23,072\\n33,959\\n34,590\\n19,146\\n20,42-)", "height": "3446", "width": "1908", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0778.jp2"}, "773": {"fulltext": "Statistics of Georgia\\n11\\nTABLE I\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Population by Counties\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Ages, Color, and Condition\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Aggregates\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Continued.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nAppling\\nBaker\\nBaldwin\\nBibb\\nBryan\\nBullock\\nBurke\\nButts\\nCamden\\nCampbell\\nCarroll\\nCass\\nChatham\\nChattooga...\\nCherokee\\nClark\\nClinch\\nCobb\\nColumbia\\nCoweta\\nCrawford\\nDade\\nDecatur\\nDeKalb\\nDooly\\nEarly\\nEffingham..\\nElbert\\nEmanuel\\nGayette\\nFloyd\\nForsyth\\nFranklin.\\nGilmer\\nGlynn...\\nGordon\\nGreene\\nGwinnett\\nHabersham.\\nHall\\nHancock\\nHarris\\nHeard\\nHenry\\nHouston.\\nIrwin\\nJackson\\nJasper\\nJefferson\\nJones\\nLaurens\\nLee\\nLiberty\\nLincoln\\nLowndes.\\nLumpkin\\nMacon\\nMadison.\\nMcintosh....\\nMarion\\nMeriwether.\\nMonroe\\nMontgomery\\nMorgan\\nMurray\\nMuscogee...\\nNewton\\nOglethorpe..\\nPaulding..\\nPike\\nPulaski\\nPutnam\\nRabun\\nRandolph...\\nSLAVES\\n40\\nand unde\\n50.\\n5\\n100\\n173\\n229\\n88\\n38\\n427\\n73\\n165\\n27\\n17\\n80\\n640\\n33\\n24\\n183\\n1\\n49\\n311\\n142\\n156\\n3\\n115\\n78\\n68\\n97\\n117\\n194\\n16\\n50\\n15\\n56\\n3\\n161\\n18\\n260\\n57\\n23\\n24\\n262\\n257\\n55,\\n98\\n306\\n11\\n61\\n227\\n170\\n175\\n115\\n229\\n111\\n58\\n24\\n85\\n58\\n184\\n92\\n233\\n328\\n9\\n259\\n55\\n283\\n148\\n218\\n45\\n157\\n94\\n252\\n2\\n147\\n11\\n112\\n162\\n277\\n112\\n50\\n383\\n103\\n161\\n37\\n34\\n81\\n801\\n45\\n37\\n199\\n3\\n76\\n271\\n145\\n150\\n4\\n129\\n99\\n100\\n132\\n53\\n189\\n30\\n42\\n102\\n19\\n71\\n3\\n205\\n22\\n272\\n75\\n31\\n44\\n214\\n247\\n141\\n307\\n12\\n96\\n236\\n178\\n210\\n87\\n106\\n249\\n136\\n74\\n28\\n83\\n57\\n182\\n107\\n250\\n320\\n17\\n236\\n63\\n344\\n173\\n229\\n50\\n180\\n93\\n209\\n3\\n162\\n114\\n47\\n26\\n235\\n39\\n82\\n22\\n4\\n46\\n402\\n31\\n13\\n89\\n2\\n27\\n174\\n60\\n70\\n3\\n52\\n41\\n29\\n60\\n70\\n100\\n4\\n15\\n49\\n11\\n44\\n3\\n106\\n5\\n157\\n29\\n10\\n24\\n156\\n121\\n30\\n56\\n156\\n3\\n37\\n127\\n106\\n89\\n41\\n60\\n134\\n73\\n35\\n20\\n48\\n14\\n139\\n40\\n117\\n156\\n8\\n148\\n25\\n133\\n68\\n9\\n23\\n72\\n60\\n81\\nMl\\n55\\n23\\n235\\n43\\n93\\n14\\n37\\n454\\n15\\n15\\n121\\n1\\n28\\n159\\n70\\n65\\n3\\n60\\n49\\n50\\n36\\n100\\n11\\n29\\n4\\n16\\n45\\n2\\n147\\n16\\n138\\n33\\n20\\n29\\n124\\n91\\n35\\n65\\n143\\n38\\n122\\n96\\n102\\n31\\n50\\n139\\n52\\n2\\n19\\n45\\n31\\n107\\n40\\n98\\n161\\nII\\n124\\n31\\n166\\n84\\n132\\n21\\n66\\n48\\n133\\n35\\n56\\n76\\n50\\n13\\n187\\n20\\n89\\n19\\n2\\n23\\n310\\n15\\n8\\n89\\n1\\n24\\n120\\n50\\n40\\n3\\n47\\n21\\n19\\n12\\n18\\n26\\n6\\n23\\n1\\n88\\n9\\n115\\n14\\n17\\n11\\n81\\n79\\n15\\n45\\n89\\n1\\n18\\n46\\n38\\n110\\n49\\n31\\n11\\n35\\n28\\n110\\n41\\n64\\n84\\n3\\n92\\n18\\n82\\n47\\n89\\n14\\n34\\n31\\n6\\n36\\n51\\n88\\n52\\n12\\n16\\n27\\n81\\n15\\n12\\n35\\n394\\n8\\n8\\n68\\n2\\n2\\n110\\n4\\n38\\n2\\n33\\n26\\n33\\n2\\n68\\n13\\n19\\n3\\n35\\n2\\n92\\n8\\n91\\n22\\n21\\n9\\n80\\n73\\n18\\n51\\n95\\n2\\n27\\n74\\n91\\n62\\n49\\n40\\n114\\n47\\n21\\n13\\n18\\n16\\nin\\n25\\n55\\n71\\n4\\n69\\n16\\n96\\n46\\n91\\n10\\n37\\n22\\n80\\n1\\n49\\nTO\\nami under\\nHO.\\n80\\nand un-le\\n90.\\n10\\n27\\n20\\n8\\n4\\n58\\n26\\n2\\n3\\n74\\n3\\n1\\n2u\\n35\\n5\\n5\\n3\\n30\\n13\\n1\\n9\\n23\\n*l 5\\n21\\n33\\n26\\n23\\nII\\n17\\n12\\n5\\n3\\n15\\n9\\n41\\n15\\n36\\n3\\n35\\ni-\\n2 1\\n9\\n27\\n4\\n13\\n10\\n19\\n1\\n9\\n3\\n38\\n23\\n(i\\n17\\n34\\n1\\n13\\n31\\n28\\n16\\n17\\nII\\n51\\nl.s\\n1\\n1\\n5\\n8\\n20\\n9\\n13\\n21\\n2\\n26\\n4\\n28\\n17\\n30\\n1\\n12\\n10\\n2 1\\n2\\n13\\n90\\nund under\\n100.\\n100\\na ,1\\nupwards.", "height": "3438", "width": "1953", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0779.jp2"}, "774": {"fulltext": "12\\nCensus of 1850.\\nTABLE I.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Population by Counties\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Ages, Color, and Condition\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Aggregates\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Continued.\\nSLAVES.\\nCOUNTIES.\\n40\\nan i under\\n60.\\n50\\nand under\\n60.\\n60\\nand unier\\nTO.\\n~0\\nand uudi r\\n80.\\n80\\nand under\\n90.\\n90\\nun 1 under\\n100.\\n100\\nn d\\nupwards.\\nAge\\nunknown.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\nF.\\nM.\\n14\\n5\\n1\\n2\\n2\\n2\\nF.\\n10\\n3\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n1\\nM.\\n3\\n4\\nF.\\n2\\n1\\n3\\nM.\\nF.\\nRichmond\\nScriven\\n354\\n120\\n220\\n10(1\\n243\\n98\\n2\\n28\\n132\\n238\\n185\\n4\\n165\\n42\\n120\\n4\\n187\\n191\\n10\\n25i\\n104\\n377\\nlis\\n210\\n135\\n25fi\\n106\\n31\\n28\\n107\\n282\\n145\\n4\\n147\\n42\\n123\\n13\\n19b\\n192\\n14\\n251\\n79\\n222\\n84\\n110\\n62\\n105\\n47\\n9\\n12\\n69\\n146\\n86\\n1\\n67\\n17\\n69\\n2\\n114\\n102\\n148\\n29\\n239\\n59\\n103\\n34\\n128\\n52\\n9\\n12\\n72\\n132\\n67\\n3\\n71\\n19\\n63\\n2\\n94\\n80\\n11)\\n125\\n38\\n173\\n60\\n63\\n25\\n78\\n35\\n10\\n12\\n44\\n7()\\n47\\n5\\n63\\n5\\n42\\n5\\n66\\n74\\n5\\n106\\n35\\n187\\n59\\n67\\n34\\n71\\n45\\n9\\n33\\n62\\n54\\n3\\n39\\n16\\n46\\n3\\n71\\n74\\n95\\n24\\n45\\n18\\n20\\n12\\n28\\n14\\n5\\n6\\n6\\n25\\n14\\n70\\n15\\n13\\n4\\n25\\n18\\n3\\n12\\n24\\n12\\n14\\n5\\n5\\n4\\n4\\nl\\n5\\n14\\n1\\n9\\n2\\n3\\n1\\n1\\n4\\n5\\n12\\n6\\n2\\n3\\n1\\n1\\n8\\n7\\n1\\n11\\n6\\n1\\nTalbot\\n2\\nTroup\\ni\\ni\\n3\\n2\\n5\\n6\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n1\\nWalker\\n11\\n3\\n15\\n2\\n30\\n31\\n6\\n31\\n12\\n11\\n6\\n8\\n2\\n4\\n4\\n2\\n1\\n2\\ni\\n1\\n1\\n1\\nWalton\\n26\\n27\\n13\\n5\\n7\\n5\\n2\\n3\\n2\\n1\\nWilkes\\n22\\n13\\n10\\n3\\n2\\n3\\n2\\nl\\nl\\n1\\nTotal\\n12,10!)\\n13,006\\n6,584\\n6,560\\n4,585\\n4,544\\n1,399\\n1,430\\n480\\n519\\n142\\n162\\n81\\n79\\n27\\n17\\nTABLE I.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Population by Counties\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Ages, Color, and Condition\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Aggregates\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Continued.\\nCOUNTIES\\nTOTAL WHITES.\\nTOTAL\\nFree Colored.\\nTOTAL SLAVES.\\nH 2\\nMales.\\nFemales.\\nTotal.\\nMnlea.\\n16\\n1\\n19\\n20\\n10\\nFemales\\n9\\n3\\n8\\n33\\n5\\nTotal.\\n25\\n4\\n27\\n53\\n15\\nMales.\\nFemale-.\\nTotal.\\nSi\\n1,071\\n2.310\\n1,885\\n3,619\\n604\\n1.435\\n2.75!)\\n1,888\\n1,028\\n2,893\\n4 174\\n5.333\\n4,794\\n2,628\\n5,921\\n2,710\\n282\\n5,872\\n1,838\\n4,223\\n2,253\\n1.246\\n2,391\\n5,702\\n2,844\\n1,909\\n1,027\\n3,374\\n1,846\\n3.451\\n2,781\\n3,950\\n4,519\\n1,249\\n2.041\\n1,634\\n3,390\\n560\\n1,405\\n2,359\\n1,792\\n1.041\\n2,825\\n4,078\\n4/938\\n4,358\\n2.503\\n5,709\\n2,803\\n224\\n5,696\\n1,779\\n3,979\\n2,089\\n1,286\\n2.227\\n5,670\\n2,736\\n1,807\\n980\\n3,302\\n1,7 15\\n3,290\\n2,421\\n3,862\\n4,:.:.;\\n2,520\\n4,351\\n3.519\\n7,009\\n1,164\\n2,840\\n5,118\\n3 680\\n2,069\\n5,718\\n6,252\\n10,271\\n9.152\\n5,131\\n11,630\\n5,513\\n506\\n11,568\\n3.617\\n8,202\\n4,342\\n2.532\\n204\\n1,903\\n2,276\\n2,632\\n1,088\\n728\\n5,51 1\\n1,392\\n1,999\\n726\\n535\\n1,524\\n6.636\\n832\\n513\\n2,757\\n62\\n1,079\\n4,142\\n2,657\\n2,40 1\\n67\\n1,826\\n1,380\\n1,317\\n1,712\\n995\\n3,165\\n465\\n974\\n1,448\\n520\\n1.140;\\n200\\n1.862\\n2,326\\n3,005\\n1,157\\n732\\n5,321\\n1.413\\n2,247\\n781\\n566\\n1,484\\n7,382\\n848\\n614\\n2,832\\n67\\n1.193\\n4,130\\n2 758\\n2 225\\n81\\n1,813\\n1,544\\n1,458\\n1,817\\n853\\n3,102\\n497\\n991\\n1,551\\n507\\n1 242\\n404\\n3,765\\n4.602\\n5,637\\n2,245\\n1,461\\n10.832\\n2,805\\n4,246\\n1,507\\n1,101\\n3,008\\n14,018\\n1,680\\n1,157\\n5,589\\n129\\n2,272\\n8,272\\n5,415\\n4,629\\n148\\n3,639\\n2,924\\n2,775\\n3,529\\n1 848\\n6/267\\n962\\n1,965\\n2,9!!! 1\\n1,027\\n2,382,\\n2.949\\n8.120\\n8,148\\nBibb\\n12,69!)\\n3.424\\nBullock\\n4,300\\n80\\n3\\n3\\no\\n11\\n296\\n1\\n6\\n11\\ni\\n38\\n5\\n70\\n1\\n1\\n4\\n2\\n10\\n435\\n3\\n6\\n2\\n34\\n11\\n8\\n150\\n3\\n4\\n7\\n4\\n21\\n731\\n4\\n13\\n17\\no\\n3\\n72\\n18\\n13\\n16,100\\n6,488\\n6,319\\n7,232\\nCarroll\\n9.357\\n13,300\\n23,901\\n6,815\\n12.800\\nClark\\n11,119\\nClinch\\n637\\nCnbb\\n13.843\\n11,961\\n13,635\\nDade\\n8,984\\n2,680\\nDeKalb\\n4,618\\n11.372\\n5.580\\n3,716\\n2;007\\n6,676\\n3,591\\n6,741\\n5,202\\n812\\n9,076\\n3\\n11\\n4\\n1\\n4\\n6\\n14\\n2\\n3\\n6\\n30\\no\\n21\\n2\\n5\\n10\\n10\\n1\\n1\\n5\\n25[\\n32\\n6\\n1\\n9\\n16\\n24\\n3\\n4\\n11\\n55\\n8,262\\n14,328\\n8.361\\nEarlv\\n7,246\\nElbert\\n3,864\\n12,959\\n4,57 7\\n8,709\\nFloyd\\n8,205\\n8.850\\n11,513", "height": "3446", "width": "1908", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0780.jp2"}, "775": {"fulltext": "Statistics of Georgia.\\n13\\nTABLE I.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Population by Counties\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Ages, Color, and Condition\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Aggregates\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Continued.\\nTOTAL WHITES.\\nTotal\\n4,242\\n355\\n2,646\\n2,420\\n4.498\\n3,962\\n3,639\\n2,133\\n3 391\\n2,295\\n4,978\\n3,358\\n1,479\\n3,372\\n2,229\\n1,88\\n1,97\\n1,740\\n1,577\\n1,021\\n1,109\\n2,716\\n3,973\\n2.091\\n1,846\\n690\\n3,369\\n4,269\\n3,472\\n819\\n1,861\\n6,604\\n5,277\\n4,110\\n2,228\\n2,873\\n4,477\\n1,896\\n1,681\\n1,210\\n4,067\\n4,140\\n1,6\\n4,480\\n3.3411\\n4 023\\n1.\\n1,221\\n1,069\\n2,576\\n3,890\\n1,79;\\n3,536\\n2,347\\n5,803\\n3,531\\n1,824\\n3,06 e\\n3,008\\n549\\n1,883\\n2,849\\n266,233\\n3,994\\n341\\n2,510\\n2,324\\n4,454\\n3,713\\n3,731\\n2,077\\n3,318\\n4,764\\n3.152\\n1,404\\n3,436\\n2,092\\n1,83\\n1,92\\n1,719\\n1,448\\n981\\n1,078\\n2 623\\n4,0\\n1,997\\n1,917\\n636\\n3,298\\n4,212\\n3,338\\n722\\n1,773\\n5,888\\n5,07\\n3,96\\n2,154\\n2 087\\n4,209\\n1,888\\n1,619\\n1,128\\n3,790\\n4,013\\n1,548\\n4,169\\n3,123\\n3,770\\n969\\n1,157\\n1,027\\n2,367\\n3J901\\n1,722\\n3,419\\n2,373\\n5,605\\n3,364\\n1,773\\n3,092\\n2,983\\n539\\n1,922\\n2,702\\nTOTAL\\nFree Colored.\\n8,236\\n696\\n5,156\\n4 744\\n8,952\\n7,675\\n7,370\\n4,210\\n6,709\\n4,520\\n9,742\\n6,510\\n2,883\\n6,808\\n4,321\\n3,717\\n3,899\\n3,459\\n3,025\\n2,602\\n2,187\\n5,33!)\\n7,995\\n4,088\\n3,7 63\\n1,326\\n6,667\\n8,481\\n6,810\\n1,541\\n3,634\\n12,492\\n10,355\\n8,077\\n4,382\\n5,560\\n8,686\\n3,784\\n3,300\\n2,338\\n7,857\\n8,153\\n3.173\\n8,649\\n6,469\\n7,793\\n2,051\\n2,378\\n2,096\\n4,943\\n7,791\\n3,51\\n6,955\\n4,720\\n11,468\\n6,895\\n3,597\\n6,158\\n5,99\\n1,088\\n3,805\\n5,551\\n1\\n126\\n1\\n3\\n7\\n6\\n28\\n10\\n1,375\\nTOTAL SLAVES.\\n3\\n281\\n1\\n5\\n18\\n18\\n51\\n18\\n37\\n17\\n3\\n159\\n37\\n5\\n21\\n1,556\\n2,931\\n94\\n1,976\\n404\\n4,188\\n1,141\\n60-,\\n670\\n3,741\\n4,008\\n1,159\\n2,367\\n4,965\\n219\\n1,396\\n3,592\\n2,704\\n3,119\\n1.575\\n1,815\\n2 87.\\n1*920\\n1,152\\n49\\n1,411\\n930\\n2,331\\n1,787\\n3,988\\n5,062\\n286\\n3,551\\n963\\n3,930\\n2,614\\n3,743\\n71\\n2,699\\n1,407\\n3.826\\n53\\n2,434\\n3.787\\n1,906\\n3,643\\n1,925\\n4,324\\n1,528\\n429\\n470\\n2,454\\n4,388\\n2,397\\n141\\n2,422\\n795\\n1,90\\n130\\n3,101\\n2,969\\n189\\n4,065\\n1,324\\n188,85:\\n106\\n2,250\\n424\\nV\\n1,153\\n616\\n666\\n3,505\\n3,974\\n1,24]\\n2,602\\n4,959\\n231\\n1,545\\n3,542\\n2,663\\n3,160\\n1.399\\n1,812\\n3,033\\n1,860\\n1,203\\n442\\n1,550\\n1,003\\n2,298\\n1,817\\n4,005\\n5,108\\n3\\n3,543\\n967\\n4,220\\n2,573\\n4,131\\n759\\n2,859\\n1,397\\n3,642\\n57\\n2,574\\n4,025\\n1,707\\n3,730\\n1,910\\n4,399\\n1,516\\n402\\n460\\n2,702\\n4,660\\n2,223\\n137\\n2,28i\\n869\\n2,002\\n152\\n3,007\\n2,769\\n217\\n4,216\\n1,421\\n192,825\\n200\\n8,440\\n4,232\\n4,933\\n828\\n5,984\\n8,266\\n13,008\\n2,294\\n11,257\\n1,218\\n8,895\\n1,336\\n8,713\\n7,306\\n11,578\\n7,982\\n14,721\\n2,400\\n0,923\\n4,909\\n14,726\\n9,924\\n16,450\\n450\\n3,334\\n2,941\\n9,768\\n7,134\\n11,486\\n5,367\\n9,131\\n6,279\\n10,224\\n2,974\\n6,442\\n3,627\\n6,660\\n5,908\\n7,926\\n3,7 so\\n5,998\\n2,355\\n7,714\\n939\\n8, 55\\n2,961\\n7,052\\n1,933\\n5,703\\n1,6\\n6,027\\n3,604\\n10,280\\n7,993\\n16,476\\n10,170\\n16,985\\n613\\n2,154\\n7,094\\n10,744\\n1,930\\n14,433\\n8,156\\n18,578\\n5,187\\n13,296\\n7,874\\n12,259\\n1,477\\n7,039\\n5,558\\n14,306\\n2,804\\n6.627\\n7,4b8\\n10,794\\n110\\n2,448\\n5,008\\n12,868\\n7,812\\n16.246\\n3,673\\n6,847\\n7,373\\n16.027\\n3,835\\n10,322\\n8,723\\n16,534\\n3,044\\n5,146\\n831\\n3,227\\n930\\n3,026\\n5,156\\n10,103\\n9,048\\n16,879\\n4,62!\\n8,179\\n278\\n7,234\\n4,704\\n9,424\\n1,00\\n13,109\\n3,90$\\n10,821\\n28S\\n3,888\\n6,105\\n12.425\\n5,73t\\n11,766\\n40C\\n1,499\\n8,281\\n12,107\\n2,74f\\n8,299\\n381,682 906,18\u00c2\u00a3", "height": "3438", "width": "1953", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0781.jp2"}, "776": {"fulltext": "14\\nCensus of 1850.\\nTABLE II.-POPULATION OF CITIES AND TOWNS.\\nCITIES AND\\nCounties.\\nWHITES.\\nFREE\\nCOLORED.\\nh4\\nO\\nEh\\nSLAVES.\\nH O\\nTOWNS.\\nM.\\nF.\\nTotal.\\nM.\\nF.\\no\\nM.\\nF.\\no\\nEh\\na r\\nAthens\\nAtlanta\\nClark\\nDeKalb...\\nRichmond\\n665\\n1,063\\n793\\n997\\n1,658\\n2,061\\n3\\n6\\n13\\n3\\n19\\n1,661\\n2,079\\nCannot\\n216\\nbe defin\\n277\\ned.\\n403\\n2.572\\nBuena Vista.. Marion\\n169\\n154\\n1,818\\n2 81\\n137\\n240\\n37\\n368\\n71\\n1,7 13\\noo;\\n71\\n4 40;i\\n100\\n219\\n48\\n169\\n143\\n1,814\\n307\\n125\\n249\\n688\\n27\\n501\\n63\\n1,586\\n510\\n42\\n3,986\\n87\\n240\\n38\\n338\\n07\\n588\\n489\\n1,474\\n64\\n338\\n298\\n3,684\\n402\\n1,403\\n64\\n870\\n134\\n3,307\\n1,196\\n113\\n0,081\\n190\\n402\\nB8\\n91\\n1,020\\n7 2\\n133\\n116\\n373\\n30\\n304\\n49\\n1,034\\n491\\nCannot\\n2,040\\n2 2\\nCannot\\n50\\n104\\n113\\n1,232\\n65\\n119\\n130\\n454\\n25\\n359\\n34\\n1,319\\n529\\nbe defin\\n3,282\\n36\\nbe defin\\n59\\n192\\n204\\n2,258\\n107\\n252\\n252\\n827\\n55\\n653\\n83\\n2,353\\n1,020\\ned.\\n6,231\\n58\\ned.\\n109\\n530\\nClarksville....\\nColumbus\\nDahlonega\\nDecatur\\nGriffin..\\nHabersham.\\nMuscogee.\\nLumpkin\\nMcintosh..\\nDeKalb...\\nPike\\nTelfair....\\nTroupe\\nBibb\\nBaldwin. _\\nMacon\\nChatham...\\nChattooga..\\nWilkes....\\nBurke\\n23\\n4\\n22\\n1\\n4\\n1\\n29\\n6\\n14\\no\\n15\\n1\\n52\\n10\\n36\\n3\\n19\\n502\\n5,942\\n7:;:.\\n550\\n744\\n2,320\\n119\\nLa (i range\\nB69\\n134\\n1\\n1\\n1,523\\n271\\nMilledgeville..\\nOglethorpe..\\nSavannah\\nSunimerville.\\nWashington\\nWaynesboro\\n3.320\\n1,174\\n113\\nB.395\\nl-r\\n459\\n86\\n14\\n12\\n204\\n1\\no\\n1\\n24\\n7\\n422\\n1\\n38\\n19\\n3\\n1\\n5,720\\n2,216\\n15,312\\n24S\\n196\\nThese are all the towns that can be ascertained from the schedules.\\ntThe city of Augusta cannot be defined upon the schedules. The following statement of its popula-\\ntion in 1852. is shown by the census taken by the local authorities, viz 2.770 males and 2,477 female\\nwhites; 2 13 free colored 2.330 male and 2,38s female slaves. Total population, 11,753.\\nTABLE ni-NATTVITIES OF THE WHITE AND FREE COLORED POPULATION.\\nNATIVITIES.\\nWHITES.\\nFREE COLORED.\\nM.\\nF.\\nTotal.\\nM.\\nF.\\nTotal.\\no\\n63,159\\n4,242\\n208\\n100.415\\n50,428\\n2,210\\n304,070\\n119,587\\n5,452\\n554\\n1,221\\n133\\n12\\n1,360\\n170\\n24\\n4\\n2,581\\n303\\n36\\n11\\nBorn out of the State and in the United States.\\n110,800\\n6,488\\n565\\nTotal\\n266,233\\n255,33:\\n521,572\\n1,373\\n1,558\\n2,931,\\n524,503", "height": "3446", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0782.jp2"}, "777": {"fulltext": "Statistics of Georgia.\\nTABLE IV\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Births, Marriages, Deaths, Dwellings, and Families\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Continued.\\n15\\nCOUNT1KS.\\nAppling\\nBaker\\nBaldwin\\nBibb\\nBryan-.*\\nBullock\\nBurke\\nButt*\\nCamden\\nCampbell\\nCarroll\\nCass\\nChatham\\nChattooga\\nCherokee.,\\nClark\\nClinch\\nCobb\\nColumbia\\nCoweta\\nCrawford\\nDade\\nDecatur\\nD Kalb\\nDooly\\nEarly\\nEffingham\\nElbert\\nEmanuel\\nEayette\\nFloyd\\nForsyth\\nFranklin\\nGilmer\\nGlynn\\nGordon\\nGreene\\nGwinnett\\nHabersham..\\nHall\\nHancock\\nHarris\\nHeard\\nHenry\\nHouston\\nIrwin\\nJackson\\nJasper\\nJefferson\\nJones\\nLaurens\\nLee\\nLiberty\\nLincoln\\nLowndes\\nLumpkin\\nMacon\\nMadison\\nMcintosh\\nMarion\\nMeriwether\\nMonroe\\nMontgo nerj\\nMorgan\\nMurray\\nMuscogee\\nNewton\\nOglethorpe\\nPaulding\\nPike\\nPulaski\\nPutnam\\nRabu\\nRandolph\\nRi -lmi n l\\nPOPULATION.\\nWhite (in I\\nInn-\\ncolored.\\n2,545\\n1,355\\n3,546\\n7,062\\n1,179\\n2,840\\n5,268\\n3,683\\n2,073\\n5,725\\n8,256\\n10,292\\n9,883\\n5,135\\n11,643\\n5,530\\n508\\n11,571\\n3,689\\n8,220\\n4,355\\n2,532\\n4,623\\n11,40-1\\n5,586\\n5,717\\n2,016\\n6,692\\n3,615\\n6,744\\n5,206\\n7,823\\n9,131\\n8,240\\n701\\n5,156\\n4,802\\n8,963\\n7,677\\n7,377\\n4,272\\n6,73!)\\n4,523\\n9,757\\n6,5 !6\\n2,884\\n6,827\\n4,352\\n3,764\\n3^945\\n3,468\\n3,033\\n2,018\\n2,218\\n5,359\\n8,016\\n4,091\\n3,770\\n6,676\\n8,483\\n6,815\\n1,541\\n3,650\\n12,503\\n10,422\\n8,109\\n4,385\\n5,562\\n3,823\\n3.326\\n2,338\\n8.434\\n404\\n3,765\\n4,602\\n5,637\\n2,24\\n1,460\\n10,832\\n2,80\\n4,246\\n1,507\\n1,101\\n3,008\\n14,018\\n1,680\\n1,15\\n5,589\\n129\\n2,27\\n8,272\\n5,415\\n4, 62! I\\n148\\n3,639\\n2,924\\n2,775\\n3,529\\n1,1\\n6,267\\n962\\n1,965\\n2,999\\n1,027\\n2,382\\n200\\n4,232\\n828\\n8,266\\n2 29 4\\n1,218\\n1,336\\n7,306\\n7,982\\n2,400\\n4,969\\n9,924\\n450\\n2,941\\n7,134\\n5.367\\n6 179\\n2,974\\n3,627\\n5,908\\n3,780\\n2,355\\n939\\n2,961\\n1,933\\n1,6 9\\n3,604\\n7,993\\n10,170\\n613\\n7,094\\n1,930\\n8,156\\n5,187\\n7,874\\n1,477\\n5,558\\n7,468\\n110\\n5,008\\n7 -12\\n2,9 19\\n8,120\\n8,148\\n12,699\\n3,424\\n4,300\\n16,100\\n6,488\\n6,319\\n7,232\\n9,357\\n13,300\\n23.901\\n6,815\\n12,800\\n11,119\\n63\\n13,843\\n11,961\\n13,635\\n8,984\\n2,680\\n8,26\\n14,328\\n8,361\\n7,246\\n3,864\\n12,959\\n4,577\\nS.709\\n8,205\\n8,850\\n11,513\\n8,440\\n4,933\\n5,984\\n13,068\\n11,257\\n8,895\\n8;713\\n11,578\\n14,721\\n6,923\\n14,726\\n16,450\\n3,334\\n9,768\\nI 1,486\\n9,131\\n10.224\\n6,442\\n6,660\\n7,926\\n5,998\\n7,714\\n8,955\\n7,052\\n5,703\\n6,027\\n10,280\\n16,476\\n16.985\\n2,154\\n10,744\\n1 1,433\\n18.578\\nL3,\\n7,039\\n14,306\\n6,627\\n10,7 1\\n2,118\\nBirths 3 M m i iges dnnng\\nthe year endi g June L, 1850\\nBirthe.\\nwhite 4\\nIrt-u\\ncolored.\\nSlaves.\\nTotal\\nBirths.*\\n102\\n15\\n1 17.\\n122\\n73\\n195\\n75\\n107\\n182\\n105\\n94\\n199\\n50\\n5 1\\n104\\n95\\n41\\n136\\n177\\n294\\n471\\n120\\n79\\n199\\n48\\n103\\n197\\n51\\n248\\n280\\n35\\n315\\n254\\n85\\n339\\n221\\n260\\n481\\n174\\n1,0\\n234\\n345\\n29\\n374\\n128\\n126\\nS54\\n13\\n3\\n16\\n229\\n61\\n290\\n46\\n88\\n134\\n240\\n119\\n359\\n139\\n129\\n268\\n109\\n6\\n115\\n153\\n92\\n245\\n353\\n67\\n420\\n1,-:;\\n90\\n273\\n146\\n110\\n256\\n67\\n42\\n109\\n182\\n200\\n382\\n133\\n25\\n158\\n237\\n63\\n300\\n129\\n71\\n200\\n234\\n41\\n275\\n236\\n63\\n299\\n263\\n9\\n27\\n86\\n113\\n76\\n8\\n84\\n103\\n212\\n315\\n339\\n81\\n420\\n190\\n26\\n216\\n-Sr:\\n57\\n89\\n165\\n254\\n168\\n193\\n361\\n111\\n64\\n175\\n234\\n149\\n383\\n173\\n230\\n40.:\\n107\\n18\\n125\\n188\\nPO\\n27S\\n111\\n174\\n275\\n116\\n159\\n1\\n138\\n167\\n305\\n83\\nCO\\n143\\n119\\n148\\n267\\n70\\n93\\n163\\n65\\n112\\n177\\n158\\n71\\n229\\n257\\n17\\n274\\nL38\\n93\\n231\\n133\\n73\\n206\\n33\\n92\\n125\\n184\\n119\\n303\\n243\\n211\\n454\\n15\\n26 1\\n111\\n56\\n28\\n86\\n116\\n169\\n285\\n462\\n70\\n249\\n172\\n421\\n252\\n145\\n397\\n115\\n225\\n340\\n226\\n25\\n229\\n145\\n115\\n75\\n190\\n73\\nL82\\n59\\n2\\n61\\n243\\n161\\n40 1\\n141\\n62\\n32\\n33\\n25\\n53\\n9\\n24\\n83\\n53\\n18\\n53\\n16\\n96\\n58\\n69\\n127\\n30\\n10\\n120\\n60\\n132\\n55\\n27\\n50\\n132\\n95\\n39\\n12\\n57\\n72\\n69\\n13\\n6S\\n83\\n61\\n20\\n146\\n26\\n81\\n38\\n80\\n38\\n48\\n36\\n75\\n79\\n19\\n76\\n47\\n21\\n16\\n15\\n43\\n4\\n14\\n71!\\n83\\n26\\n22\\n9\\n61\\n44\\n45\\n1 1\\n17\\n98\\n49\\n20\\n94\\n26\\n16\\n36\\n62\\n71\\nDeaths during the year\\nending June 1, 1850.\\n20\\n62\\nI I\\n83\\n25\\n21\\n92\\n36\\n10\\n35\\n56\\n8 1\\n193\\n69\\n64\\n21\\n119\\n36\\n28\\n48\\n95\\n7:i\\n21\\n32\\n52\\nL9\\n60\\n24\\n30\\n56\\n53\\n15\\n35\\n75\\n14\\n54\\n32\\n35\\n25\\n86\\n72\\nL5\\n60\\n5\\n42\\n30\\n52\\n27\\n29\\n43\\n36\\n23\\n31\\n74\\n51\\n16\\n40\\n102\\n30\\n34\\n54\\n40\\n10\\n74\\nI\\n33\\nin,\\n38\\n7\\n234\\n19\\n51\\n28\\n14\\n21\\n192\\n27\\n12\\n85\\n3\\n68\\n9:1\\n81\\no\\n42\\n23\\n3\\n34\\n36\\n9]\\n6\\n39\\n25\\n9\\n40\\n1\\n91\\n7\\n187\\n37\\n3\\n15\\n96\\n114\\n16\\n71\\n129\\n31\\n1 25\\n89\\n52\\n24\\n65\\n89\\n65\\n21\\n32\\n88\\n41\\n135\\n159\\n6\\n176\\n84\\n65\\n141\\n18\\n74\\n33\\n120\\n2\\n1 23\\nL26\\n77\\n179\\n63\\n28\\n326\\n55\\n61\\n63\\n70\\n10.\\n385\\n7 9\\nMl\\nI 19\\nU hlte Free\\nColored Pop,\\nmga\\n24\\n86\\n218\\n117\\n30\\n92\\n118\\nlio\\n55\\n68\\n143\\n2\\n99\\n49\\n39\\n96\\n54\\n106\\n45\\n24S\\nI I\\n17\\n69\\n1 28\\n1 19\\n41\\n1 57\\n201\\n15\\n91\\nL80\\n131\\n85\\n54\\n117\\nI L6\\n94\\n64\\n45\\n68\\n111\\n72\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2J 10\\n216\\n67\\n186\\n95\\n175\\n66\\n150\\n87\\n160\\n12\\n129\\n291\\n410\\n75\\n6 1,\\n1\\n212\\n17\\n1,01\\n6 1\\n400\\n920\\nL.379\\n1 ,7 1 2\\n1,91\\n1 970\\n76\\n1,918\\n751\\nI I\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0I I]\\n898\\n1,792\\n96\\n61 1\\n355\\n1,177\\n1\\nt,19l\\n866\\n1,334\\n1,546\\n1,396\\n1 I\\n861\\n854\\n1,610\\n1,338\\n1,300\\n761\\n1,17 5\\n724\\n1,680\\n1,138\\nI It\\n1,200\\nBl\\n765\\n739\\n634\\n:too\\n378\\n856\\n1,381\\n679\\n692\\n1,101\\n1,428\\n1,194\\n236\\n621\\n2,047\\n1,884\\n1,37 1\\n819\\n1,059\\n1,474\\n701\\n009\\n1,408\\n1.556\\nThe figures include those only who were smrdving on this day, and therefore are but approximate.", "height": "3438", "width": "1953", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0783.jp2"}, "778": {"fulltext": "16 Census of 1850.\\nTABLE IV.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Births, Marriages, Deaths, Dwellings, and Families\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Continued.\\nBirths V Marriages during\\nDeaths\\nduring the year\\nWhite\\nFree\\nPOPULATION.\\nthe year endi g June 1\\n1850.\\nending\\nJune 1\\n1850.\\nColored Pop.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nWhite mil\\nfree\\ncolored.\\nSlave.\\n1\\nTotal.\\nBirths,\\nwhite*\\nfree\\ncolored.\\nSlaves.\\n42\\nTotal\\nBirths.*\\nMarried\\nWhites.\\nWhite\\nfree\\ncolored.\\nSlave.\\nTotal.\\nNo. of\\nDwell-\\nings.\\nNo. of\\namilii a.\\n3,174\\n3 673\\n6.847\\n52\\n94\\n52\\n21\\n11\\n32\\n507\\n567\\n8,654\\n7.373\\n16,027\\n250\\n220\\n470\\n109\\n65\\n91\\n156\\n1,432\\n1,445\\n6,487\\n3.835\\n1(1 :2\\\\\\n283\\n131\\n414\\n81\\n85\\n55\\n1411\\n1,32?\\n1,109\\nTalbot\\n7,811\\n8,723\\n16.534\\n232\\n245\\n477\\n.79\\n76\\n132\\n208\\n1,324\\nTaliaferro\\n2,102\\n3,044\\n5,146\\n64\\n96\\n160\\n24\\n22\\n66\\n88\\n408\\n408\\nTatnall\\n2,396\\n831\\n3,227\\n82\\n24\\n106\\n20\\n9\\n1\\n10\\n43 1\\n434\\nTelfair\\n2,096\\n930\\n3,026\\n53\\n31\\n84\\n16\\n9\\n9\\n340\\n340\\n4.947\\n5,156\\n10,103\\n164\\n122\\n286\\n54\\n35\\n90\\n125\\n838\\n838\\nTroup\\n7,831\\n9,048\\n16,879\\n255\\n287\\n542\\n40\\n48\\n104\\n152\\n1,295\\n1,333\\nTwiggs\\n3,559\\n4,620\\n8,179\\n75\\n53\\n1 28\\n6\\n39\\n68\\n107\\n696\\n696\\n6,956\\n4,720\\n278\\n4,704\\n7,234\\n9,424\\n261\\n162\\n11\\n159\\n272\\n321\\n62\\n19\\n62\\n32\\n2\\n42\\n64\\n74\\n1.141\\n795\\n1 141\\n795\\nWalker\\n11,445\\n1,664\\n13,109\\n372\\n53\\n425\\n57\\n113\\n26\\n139\\n1,867\\n1,867\\nWalton,\\n6,912\\n3, 09\\n10,821\\n213\\n107\\n320\\n95\\n61\\n74\\n135\\n1,191\\n1,191\\nWare\\n3.600\\n288\\n3,888\\n131\\n4\\n135\\n58\\n16\\n2\\n18\\n561\\n561\\nWarren\\n6,317\\n6,108\\n12,425\\n136\\n133\\n269\\n90\\n66\\n72\\n138\\n1,135\\n1,135\\nWashington.\\n6,028\\n5,738\\n11,7^6\\n166\\n152\\n318\\n41\\n91\\n68\\n159\\n1,077\\n1,077\\nWayne\\n1,093\\n406\\n1,499\\n43\\n16\\n59\\n21\\n6\\n4\\n10\\n182\\n182\\nWilkes\\n3,826\\n8,281\\n12,107\\n77\\nno.)\\n299\\n28\\n47\\n146\\n193\\n709\\n709\\nWilkinson\\n5,551\\n2,745\\n8,296\\n906.185\\n167\\n80\\n247\\n50\\n63\\n24\\n,-7\\n983\\n983\\nTotal\\n524.503\\n381.682\\n15.23H\\n9,619\\n24,858\\n4.977\\n4,592\\n5,331\\n9,923\\n91,011\\n91,471\\nThe figures include those only who were surviving on this day, and therefore are but approximate.\\nTABLE V.-PR0GBE5S OF POPULATION FROM 1790 TO 1850.\\nWHITES.\\nFREE COLORED\\nSLAVES.\\no\\na\\na\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a03\\nc\\na,\\nd 2\\nx es\\n5\\no\\no\\np,\\no\\nPn\\n~s\\na\\nCOMPARATIVE TABLES.\\n92.25\\n13 01\\n30 3fi\\n56.57\\n37.36\\n27.93\\nu\\no\\no\\nO\\nc\\nPi\\np.\\na\\n55\\nc\\n0\\np,\\na)\\n9\\nS\\no\\nc\\np.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0_\\n2\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0a\\no\\no\\na\\no\\n0) _P\\n_ o\\ns\\np-tj\\nc\\nH\\no\\n~t\\no|\\np x\\na) a;\\na\\n7.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2a\\no\\n3\\n03\\nJS\\nc\\ns\\n2 p.\\nIj\\no|\\neg\\n.2 p.\\no\\nc\\nPh\\n01\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0a\\na\\no\\no\\n.S\\n2 b\\nJ3 O\\n.2 p*\\nis\\n1790\\n1800\\n1810\\n1820\\n1830\\n1840\\n1850\\n52,886\\n101,678\\n145.411\\n189,566\\n296,806\\n107,695\\n521,572\\n398\\n1,019\\n1,801\\n1,763\\n2,486\\n2,753\\n,031\\n29,204\\n59,404\\n105,218\\n149,654\\n217,531\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2280,914\\n381,682\\n1\\n82.51 S\\n162,101\\n252,433\\n340,987\\n516,823\\n691,392\\n906,185\\n96.37\\n55 72\\n35.08\\n51.56\\n33.77\\n31.00\\n29,662\\n66,423\\n107,019\\n151,417\\n220,017\\n283,697\\n384,613\\n64 07\\n62 73\\n57 (i\\n55.59\\n57.43\\n58.97\\n57.56\\n35 93\\n156 03\\n76.74\\n41.0\\n10.74\\n6.4(5\\n77.12\\n42 23\\n45 35\\n29 15\\n35.85\\n4\\n103.7\\n77.12\\n41.48\\n45 3\\n28 94\\n35.57\\n37.37\\n42.4\\n14.41\\n42.57\\n11.03\\n12.44\\nTABLE VI.-DEAF AND DUMB, BLIND, INSANE, AND IDIOTIC.\\nWHITES.\\nFREE\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0zs\\n2\\n3\\no\\nH\\nSLAVES.\\nNativities of White\\nand Free Colored.\\nCLASS.\\nCOLuRED.\\n03\\n03\\no\\nX)\\na\\nc\\no\\npq\\n2\\no v o\\nc\\nJ|\\nc c\\no\\nc u\\no\\n=P\\nM.\\nF.\\n15\\no\\nM.\\nF.\\no\\nM.\\nF.\\no\\nEh\\nc\\ng\\no\\nB\\nDeaf and dumb*\\nBlind\\n107\\n113\\n151\\n288\\n101\\n111\\n140\\n227\\n208\\n224\\n294\\n515\\n2\\n1\\n3\\ni\\n1\\n4\\n2\\n1\\n209\\n228\\n296\\n510\\n30\\n74\\n8\\n91\\n27\\n55\\n20\\n57\\n57\\n129\\n28\\n148\\n266\\n357\\n324\\n664\\n165\\n113\\n176\\n395\\n42\\n108\\n107\\n120\\n2\\n9\\n1\\n4\\nTotal\\n6fi2\\n579\\n1.241\\n3\\n5\\n8\\n1,249\\n293\\n159\\n362\\n1,611\\n849i 377\\n19\\n4\\n1 The returns show 53 deaf, (41 whites and 12 slaves,) which are not included in this table.", "height": "3446", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0784.jp2"}, "779": {"fulltext": "Statistics of Georgia.\\n17\\nTABLE VII.-COLLEGES, ACADEMIES, SCHOOLS, c.\\n1. COLLEGES.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nNumber.\\nTeachers.\\nPupils.\\nANNUAL INCOME.\\nEndow-\\nTaxation.\\nPublic\\nfunds.\\nOther\\nTotal.\\nr\\n1\\n1\\n5\\n56\\n162\\n83,200\\n$500\\n10,300\\n$3,700\\nBibb\\n10,300\\nClark\\n1\\n9\\n117\\n9.400\\n5.850\\n15,250\\n1\\n4\\n50\\n2,500\\n2,500\\nTV\\nC A\\np\\n1\\n7\\n128\\n8,000\\n3,000\\n11,000\\nr\\nH 1 1\\nH\\nTj 1\\nTT\\nH t\\n-r\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0r\\nI ff\\n-r*\\nj\\nT\\nT rl\\nT Y\\nM\\n1\\nG\\nCO\\n1,000\\n1,000\\n2\\n11\\n263\\n1,120\\nas.ioo\\n16,220\\n1\\n5\\nio:\\n5,000\\n5,000\\n1\\n1\\n4\\n6\\n15C\\n1.800\\n10, OUt\\n1,000\\n$500\\n10,500", "height": "3438", "width": "1953", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0785.jp2"}, "780": {"fulltext": "18\\nCensus of 1850.\\nTABLE VII.-COLLEGES, ACADEMIES, SCHOOLS, c.\\n1. COLLEGES.\\nCOUNTIES.\\ndumber.\\nTeachers.\\nPupils.\\nANNUAL INCOME.\\nEndow-\\nment.\\nTaxation.\\nPublic\\nfunds.\\nOther\\nsources.\\nTotal.\\nTalbot\\nTatna .l\\nTelfair\\nTroup\\n2\\n20\\n264\\n$28,960\\n$28,960\\nTwiggs\\nWalker\\nWalton\\nWilkes\\nWilkinson\\nTotal\\n13\\n84\\n1,535\\n$21,720\\n$500\\n83,210\\n105,430\\nTABLE VII.-COLLEGES, ACADEMIES, SCHOOLS, Ac-Continued.\\n3. PUBLIC SCHOOLS.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nNumber.\\nTeachers.\\nPupils.\\nANNUAL INCOME.\\nEndow-\\nment.\\nTaxation.\\nPublic\\nfunds.\\nOther\\nsources.\\nTotal.\\n12\\n10\\n4\\n16\\n8\\n15\\n10\\n10\\n4\\n19\\n18\\n26\\n5\\n11\\n26\\n17\\n12\\n10\\n6\\n16\\n8\\n15\\n10\\n10\\n4\\n19\\n18\\n26\\n6\\n11\\n26\\n19\\n222\\n250\\n85\\n290\\n100\\n253\\n150\\n211\\n70\\n450\\n700\\n620\\n340\\n330\\n650\\n482\\n$666\\n$140\\n413\\n87\\n$3,100\\n4,780\\n200\\n3,000\\n3,000\\n800\\n$806\\nBaker\\n413\\n607\\n3,794\\n4,780\\n300\\nBihb\\n100\\n150\\n62\\n171\\n350\\n276\\n700\\n3,150\\nBurke\\n805\\n203\\n3 866\\nButts\\n374\\n1 lnO\\nCampbell\\n276\\nCarroll\\n700\\nCass\\n$500\\n375\\n254\\n140\\n1 194\\n328\\n375\\n120\\n581\\n6,200\\n4,675\\n260\\nClark\\n5,003\\nClinch\\nCobb\\n6\\n6\\n15\\n13\\n7\\n6\\n28\\n9\\n6\\n8\\n20\\n11\\n7\\n1\\n15\\n20\\n8\\n3\\n12\\n7\\n6\\n15\\n13\\n6\\n28\\n9\\n6\\n8\\n20\\n11\\n1\\n15\\n20\\n8\\n3\\n12\\n210\\n260\\n346\\n367\\n250\\n150\\n728\\n225\\n109\\n158\\n1,202\\n202\\n253\\n17\\n370\\n500\\n20i\\n29\\n300\\n240\\n500\\n277\\n240\\n250\\n136\\n3,120\\n3,215\\n3,600\\n3 965\\n431\\n638\\n549\\n283\\n5,000\\n7,280\\n1,140\\n5,638\\n7,829\\n1,523\\nDeKalb\\nEarly\\n1,095\\n190\\n1,406\\n606\\n1,587\\n2,501\\nElbert\\n700\\n890\\n606\\nFayette\\n200\\n219\\n2 006\\nFloyd\\nForsyth\\n310\\n325\\n617\\n1,602\\n3,540\\n1 912\\nFranklin\\n234\\n4,099\\n617\\n400\\n130\\n400\\n130", "height": "3446", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0786.jp2"}, "781": {"fulltext": "Statistics of Georgia.\\n19\\nTABLE VII.-COLLEGES, ACADEMIES, SCHOOLS, c.-Continued.\\na.\\nPUBLIC\\nSCHOOL?.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nNumber.\\nTeachers.\\nPupils.\\nANNUAL INCOME.\\nEndow-\\nment.\\nTaxation.\\nPublic\\nfunds.\\nOther\\nsources.\\nTotal.\\n12\\n31\\n1\\n7\\n8\\n10\\n14\\n15\\n15\\n11\\n11\\n10\\n17\\n6\\n7\\n5\\n4\\n31\\n20\\n11\\n9\\n4\\n18\\n12\\n30\\n12\\n12\\n31\\n1\\n7\\n8\\n10\\n14\\n15\\n15\\n11\\n11\\n10\\n7\\n17\\n6\\n6\\n4\\n31\\n20\\n11\\n6\\n4\\n18\\n12\\n30\\n12\\n$796\\n550\\n$726\\nc\\n800\\n20\\n209\\n207\\n206\\n403\\n350\\n456\\n176\\n217\\n213\\n196\\n350\\n200\\n136\\n151\\n78\\n509\\n1,170\\n350\\n191\\n82\\n466\\n369\\n750\\n200\\n556\\nH h hi\\n$350\\n$200\\n161\\n2,727\\n550\\nHall\\n260\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a011-\\n180\\n240\\n331\\n175\\n752\\n623\\n2,907\\n240\\nHenrv\\n500\\n96\\n162\\n142\\n4.890\\n2,105\\n3,080\\n500\\n642\\n96\\n5,532\\n192\\n2,267\\n228\\n370\\n3,080\\n1,244\\n472\\n1,244\\n472\\nLee\\n67\\n77\\n112\\n75\\n635\\n225\\n182\\n186\\n99\\n1,902\\n1,800\\n3,054\\n198\\n1,967\\n77\\n226\\n2,138\\n3,129\\nT 11 1\\n635\\n4 -J 5\\n848\\n182\\n500\\n217\\n686\\n316\\n737\\n737\\n360\\n360\\n20\\n20\\n300\\n700\\n409\\n1,100\\n15\\n13\\n13\\n12\\n6\\n8\\n14\\n25\\n18\\n10\\n12\\n17\\n6\\n8\\n8\\n14\\n48\\n30\\n41\\n25\\n(i\\n18\\n15\\n4\\n14\\n16\\n13\\n13\\n14\\n6\\n8\\n14\\n25\\n18\\n10\\n27\\n12\\n19\\n6\\n8\\n8\\n11\\n48\\n30\\n22\\n41\\n25\\n6\\n20\\n15\\n4\\n14\\n25\\n393\\n350\\n324\\n354\\n127\\n197\\n644\\n635\\n720\\n280\\n660\\n265\\n492\\n180\\n130\\n243\\n266\\n1,440\\n210\\n275\\n650\\n984\\n680\\n95\\n470\\n450\\n4 2\\n326\\n460\\n642\\n442\\n100\\n650\\n331\\n566\\n119\\n250\\n316\\n3,005\\n4,213\\n561\\n350\\nPike\\n966\\n331\\n600\\n600\\n377\\n7,640\\n7,056\\n377\\n297\\n7,937\\n7,056\\n132\\n483\\n132\\n7,400\\n7,883\\n262 319\\n581\\nTalbot\\n250\\n250\\n220\\n220\\nTatna I\\n1,220\\n1,220\\nTelfair\\n150\\n150\\nTroup\\n14,400\\n1,963\\n9,840\\n6,134\\n15,055\\n300\\n150\\n737\\n215\\n450\\n2,700\\n360\\n575\\n9,840\\n244\\n71\\n217\\n603\\n211\\n315\\n247\\n6,737\\n452\\n663\\n752\\n510\\n155\\n388\\n7,500\\n2,226\\n8,407\\n3,124\\n1,251\\n1,265\\n32,705\\n$500\\n21,520\\n16,959\\n143,252\\n182,231", "height": "3438", "width": "1953", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0787.jp2"}, "782": {"fulltext": "20\\nCensus of 1850.\\nTABLE VII.-COLLEGES, ACADEMIES, SCHOOLS, Ac-Continued.\\n8.\\nACADEMIES AND OTHER SCHOOLS.\\nNumber.\\nTeachers.\\nPupils.\\nANNUAL INCOME.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nEndow-\\nTaxation.\\nPublic\\nOther\\nsources.\\nTotal.\\n4 1\\n1\\n4\\n8\\n9\\n11\\n100\\n133\\n263\\n$4,450\\n8,000\\n$4,450\\n8,000\\n6\\no\\n6\\n5\\no\\n127\\n85\\n45\\n$300\\n2,900\\n3,200\\nT5\\nr i\\n450\\n450\\nC b 11\\n2\\n3\\n1\\n2\\n6\\n4\\n2\\n11\\n1\\n5\\n8\\n140\\n80\\n191\\n20\\n93\\n240\\nr .v,\\n5,700\\n400\\n1,600\\n4,450\\n5,700\\n400\\nn\\n1,600\\n4,450\\n3\\n6\\n7\\n3\\n6\\n13\\n130\\n230\\n454\\n3,600\\n6,755\\n3,600\\nV,\\n6,755\\n1\\n3\\n3\\n1\\n4\\n4\\n60\\n100\\n140\\nDeKalb\\n1,370\\n1,370\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n35\\n50\\n400\\n$200\\n600\\n1,200\\no\\n13\\n1\\n1\\n6\\n2\\n16\\n1\\n7\\n1\\n7\\n47\\n392\\n35\\n200\\n30\\n147\\n503\\n503\\n2,500\\n2,500\\nn-t\\n1,109\\n2,425\\n3,534\\nC 1\\np,\\n3\\n3\\n4\\n3\\n122\\n85\\n1,000\\n1,700\\n2,700\\nTT 1 1\\nHall\\n1\\n6\\n4\\n2\\n67\\n132\\n700\\n700\\nTT\\n7\\n193\\n3,925\\n3,925\\nTT J\\nTT\\n2\\n3\\n2\\n6\\n80\\n160\\nen y\\n4,253\\n4, 2 53\\nT\\nT k\\n1\\n6\\n1\\n4\\n1\\n5\\n3\\n2\\n8\\n1\\no\\n4\\n1\\n5\\n3\\n50\\n210\\n35\\n63\\n120\\n23\\n95\\n75\\n700\\n700\\nT a\\n700\\n700\\nT\\n350\\n350\\nT 1\\n300\\n300\\nT k^\\n1\\n2\\n75\\n500\\n500\\nAT\\n1\\n1\\no\\n4\\no\\n1\\n1\\n4\\n6\\n7\\n40\\n38\\n130\\n132\\n155\\n125\\n125\\n1,000\\n1,000\\nM\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2\\\\T\\n9\\n11\\n489\\n13,600\\n13,600\\nAf\\n5\\n5\\n4\\n10\\n7\\n4\\n255\\n186\\n212\\n463\\n463\\nTV\\n3,598\\n5,500\\n3,598\\nDM t p\\n500\\n5,500\\nP\u00c2\u00b0 1H\\nPike\\n4\\n9\\n184\\n3\\n1\\n6\\n1\\n134\\n65\\nR h i\\n4\\n2\\n9\\n2\\n415\\n1 60\\n3,200\\n8,400\\n11,600", "height": "3446", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0788.jp2"}, "783": {"fulltext": "Statistics of Georgia.\\n21\\nTABLE VII.-COLLEGES, ACADEMIES, SCHOOLS, c.-Continued.\\nC.\\nACADEMIES AND OTHER SCHOOLS.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nNumber.\\nTeachers.\\nPupils.\\nAN XUAL INCOME.\\nEndow-\\nin -lit.\\nTaxation.\\nPublic\\nfun. Is.\\nOther\\nsources.\\nTotal.\\n3\\nI\\n3\\n1\\n5\\n1\\n7\\n1\\n138\\n30\\n195\\n30\\n$1,750\\n$1,750\\nT 11\\nt r f\\nTelfair\\no\\n1\\no\\n5\\n2\\n16\\n160\\n184\\n7,360\\n7,360\\nUnion\\n3\\n3\\n125\\n4\\n6\\n160\\n167\\n167\\n5\\n3\\n5\\n2\\n6\\n121\\n115\\n13\\n125\\n1,920\\n1,920\\nW\\nWilkes\\nTotal\\n219\\n318\\n9,059\\n$7,397\\n$200\\n101,386\\n108,983\\nTABLE VIIL\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Attending School during the Year, as Ketumed by Families.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nWHITES.\\nFREE COLORED.\\n6\\n.t\\nCG\\nc\\nto\\nCD\\nto\\nCD\\nM.\\nF.\\nTotal.\\nM.\\nF.\\nTotal.\\nCD\\nto\\n121\\n273\\n195\\n596\\n83\\n201\\n366\\n283\\n99\\n648\\n754\\n682\\n601\\n429\\n937\\n333\\n10\\n699\\n262\\n869\\n437\\n182\\n198\\n885\\n451\\n144\\n158\\n664\\n187\\n544\\n242\\n842\\n920\\n751\\n81\\n382\\n605\\n728\\n97\\n216\\n115\\n595\\n72\\n146\\n288\\n263\\n89\\n566\\n629\\n563\\n579\\n353\\n766\\n272\\n3\\n576\\n212\\n711\\n351\\n173\\n153\\n761\\n371\\n136\\n130\\n591\\n112\\n380\\n200\\n626\\n748\\n558\\n70\\n302\\n473\\n45ft\\n218\\n489\\n310\\n1,191\\n155\\n347\\n654\\n546\\n188\\n1,214\\n1,383\\n1,245\\n1,180\\n782\\n1,703\\n605\\n13\\n1,275\\n474\\n1,580\\n788\\n216\\n486\\n31C\\n1,190\\n15.\\n347\\n653\\n546\\n188\\n1,212\\n1,381\\n1,243\\n1.111\\n782\\n1,704\\n605\\n13\\n1,275\\n474\\n1,580\\n788\\n355\\n351\\n1,646\\n822\\n280\\n288\\n1,255\\n299\\n923\\n442\\n1,468\\n1,668\\n1,309\\n151\\n684\\n218\\n489\\n310\\n1,191\\n155\\n347\\n654\\nBaker\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n66\\n1\\nBibb.\\nBullock\\nButts\\n188\\nCarroll\\n1,383\\n1,245\\n1 180\\n782\\n1\\n1\\n1 704\\nClark\\n605\\nClinch\\n13\\nCobb\\n1 275\\n474\\n1 580\\n788\\nDade\\n355\\n351\\n1,646\\n822\\n280\\n288\\n1,255\\n299\\n924\\n442\\n1,468\\n1,668\\n1,309\\n151\\n684\\n1,078\\n1,186\\n355\\n351\\nDeKalb\\n1,646\\n822\\nEarlv\\n280\\n288\\nElbert\\nI 255\\n299\\n924\\nFloyd\\n442\\n1,468\\n1,668\\n1,309\\n151\\n684\\n1,078\\n1 078\\nGwinnett\\n1,186\\n1,022\\n1,186\\n527J 495\\nl,022l\\n1,022", "height": "3438", "width": "1953", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0789.jp2"}, "784": {"fulltext": "22\\nCensus of 1850.\\nTABLE VLTI.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Attending School during the Year, as Keturned by Families- Continued.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nWHITES.\\nFREE COLORED.\\na\\nu\\no\\no\\nto\\nM.\\nF.\\nTotal.\\nM.\\nF.\\nTotal.\\ntc\\nbe\\nHall\\n687\\n383\\n684\\n289\\n1,047\\n696\\n189\\n335\\n390\\n223\\n391\\n221\\n249\\n181\\n200\\n202\\n652\\n222\\n185\\n100\\n491\\n082\\n581\\n121\\n590\\n646\\n723\\n769\\n425\\n555\\n863\\n137\\n367\\n382\\n539\\n682\\n159\\n750\\n490\\n778\\n204\\n64\\n126\\n506\\n884\\n188\\n615\\n268\\n971\\n825\\n89\\n563\\n483\\n40\\n347\\n565\\n565\\n290\\n598\\n276\\n851\\n561\\n137\\n360\\n277\\n223\\n309\\n181\\n220\\n140\\n130\\n173\\n501\\n162\\n196\\n98\\n484\\n624\\n566\\n92\\n53\\n442\\n768\\n584\\n382\\n393\\n834\\n122\\n331\\n317\\n385\\n640\\n122\\n649\\n400\\n673\\n164\\n38\\n105\\n330\\n893\\n121\\n487\\n284\\n729\\n641\\n46\\n495\\n353\\n24\\n209\\n423\\n1,252\\n673\\n1.2S2\\n565\\n1,898\\n1,257\\n326\\n695\\n677\\n416\\n700\\n402\\n469\\n321\\n330\\n375\\n1,153\\n384\\n381\\n198\\n975\\n1,306\\n1,147\\n213\\n643\\n1,088\\n1,491\\n1,353\\n807\\n948\\n1,699\\n259\\n698\\n699\\n924\\n1,322\\n2.-1\\n1,399\\n890\\n1,451\\n368\\n102\\n231\\n836\\n1,777\\n309\\n1,102\\n552\\n1,700\\n1,466\\n135\\n1,058\\n836\\n64\\n556\\n988\\n1,252\\n673\\n1,282\\n565\\n1,898\\n1,257\\n326\\n695\\n667\\n446\\n699\\n402\\n469\\n321\\n330\\n375\\n1,153\\n384\\n381\\n198\\n975\\n1,306\\n1,146\\n213\\n640\\n1,086\\n1,480\\n1,353\\n807\\n948\\n1,699\\n259\\n693\\n699\\n924\\n1,320\\n281\\n1,399\\n890\\n1,451\\n368\\n102\\n231\\n836\\n1,777\\n309\\n1,102\\n552\\n1,700\\n1,466\\n135\\n1.058\\n836\\n64\\n556\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n11\\n5\\no\\n1,252\\n673\\n1,282\\n1,898\\n1,257\\n326\\n402\\n321\\n330\\n375\\n1 153\\n384\\n381\\n198\\n975\\n1,306\\n1,147\\n2 1 3\\n643\\n1,088\\n1, 19]\\n1,353\\n807\\n948\\nPike\\n1,699\\n259\\n698\\n699\\n924\\n1,322\\n281\\n1,399\\n890\\nTalbot\\n1,451\\n368\\nTatnall\\n102\\nTelfair\\n231\\n836\\nTroup\\n1,777\\nTwiggs\\n309\\n1,102\\n552\\nWalker\\n1,700\\nWalton\\n1,466\\n135\\n1,058\\n83G\\n64\\nWilkes\\n556\\n988\\nTotal\\n42,365\\n34,650\\n77,015\\n1\\n1\\n76,915\\n101\\n77,010", "height": "3446", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0790.jp2"}, "785": {"fulltext": "Statistics of Georgia.\\n23\\nTABLE IX.- ADULTS IN THE STATE WHO CANNOT READ AND WRITE.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nWHITES.\\nFree Colored.\\nc\\n.SP\\n5\\nft\\nto\\nM.\\nF.\\nTotal\\nM.\\nF.\\nTotal.\\nbo\\n132\\n240\\n5\\n53\\n24\\n93\\n243\\nfi8\\n55\\n60\\n421\\n384\\n107\\n134\\n042\\n105\\n25\\n159\\n10\\n277\\n86\\n151\\n146\\n327\\n339\\n130\\n18\\n355\\n253\\n95\\n35\\n645\\n94\\n569\\n14\\n127\\n151\\n322\\n256\\n501\\n49\\n116\\n126\\n351\\n282\\n492\\n197\\n106\\n52\\n181\\n269\\n147\\n73\\n66\\n195\\n386\\n51\\n126\\n30\\n305\\n141\\n53\\n61\\n23\\n295\\n103\\n132\\n42\\n285\\n147\\n271\\n247\\n368\\n3\\n108\\n15\\n157\\n441\\n6 4\\n40\\n78\\n714\\n528\\n120\\n225\\n1.184\\n189\\n41\\n238\\n13\\n528\\n134\\n224\\n176\\n370\\n102\\n20\\n486\\n482\\n218\\n50\\n806\\n88\\n941\\n1\\n203\\n230\\n547\\n202\\n956\\n65\\n116\\n215\\n311\\n525\\n16\\n364\\n166\\n90\\n327\\n441\\n198\\n96\\n111\\n261\\n647\\n28\\n119\\n52\\n471\\n234\\n56\\n62\\n21\\n555\\n148\\n205\\n43\\n518\\n168\\n458\\n379\\n608\\n8\\n161\\n39\\n250\\n684\\n132\\n95\\n138\\n1,135\\n912\\n227\\n359\\n1,826\\n294\\n66\\n391\\n23\\n805\\n220\\n37.\\n322\\n697\\n861\\n292\\n4\\n1\\n4\\n1\\n382\\n604\\n8\\n1 55\\n43\\n248\\n704\\n132\\n1\\n5\\n6\\no\\n28\\n1\\n383\\n609\\n8\\nBibb\\n161\\n1\\n3\\n4\\n43\\nBullock\\n250\\n25\\n23\\n1\\n48\\n1\\n732\\n133\\n95\\n137\\n1,132\\n909\\n196\\n360\\n1,824\\n301\\n66\\n397\\n33\\n801\\n221\\n370\\n324\\n690\\n862\\n290\\n38\\n1\\n4\\n6\\n214\\n5\\n4\\n1\\n5\\n1\\n11\\n138\\nCarroll\\n1\\n2\\n54\\no\\n4\\n1\\n129\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n3\\n183\\n1\\n3\\n7\\n1,136\\n915\\n410\\n360\\n1,829\\nClark\\n301\\nClinch\\n66\\nCobb\\n397\\n4\\n6\\n10\\n33\\n805\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n222\\nDade.\\n375\\no\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n3\\n4\\n1\\n325\\nDeKalb\\n701\\n862\\n292\\n38\\n841\\n735\\n313\\n85\\n1.451\\n182\\n1,510\\n32\\n38\\n841\\n743\\n310\\n85\\n1,452\\n188\\n1,510\\n34\\n330\\n405\\n868\\n458\\n1,457\\n122\\n234\\n341\\n640\\n807\\n500\\n571\\n272\\n142\\n516\\n70S\\n346\\n169\\n189\\n463\\n1,037\\n79\\n215\\n82\\n774\\n375\\n109\\n123\\n4 1\\n833\\n245\\n336\\n82\\n803\\n315\\n742\\n309\\n04\\n716\\n163\\n63\\n541\\n564\\n387\\n3\\n1\\n1\\no\\n9\\n1\\n2\\n1\\n17\\n6\\n1\\n3\\n10\\n4\\n6\\n13\\n841\\n5\\n3\\n8\\n743\\nFloyd\\n313\\n85\\n1\\no\\n1\\n4\\n6\\n1,453\\n188\\nGilmer\\n1,510\\n3\\n3\\n35\\n330\\n381\\n869\\n458\\n1,457\\n114\\n232\\n341\\n662\\n807\\n508\\n561\\n272\\n142\\n508\\n710\\n345\\n169\\n177\\n456\\n1,033\\n79\\n245\\n82\\n776\\n375\\nL09\\n123\\n44\\n850\\n251\\n337\\n85\\n303\\n315\\n729\\n300\\n64\\n724\\n166\\n69\\n549\\n557\\n12\\n1\\n12\\n24\\n1\\n405\\n870\\n458\\nHall\\n1,457\\n3\\n5\\n8\\no\\n122\\n234\\n341\\n662\\n807\\n1\\n6\\n4\\n1\\n10\\n509\\n571\\n272\\ni\\n142\\no\\n6\\n8\\n516\\n710\\n2\\n2\\n347\\n169\\n4\\n4\\n8\\n3\\no\\n12\\n7\\n4\\n189\\n463\\n1,037\\n79\\n245\\n82\\n776\\n1\\n1\\n376\\n109\\n123\\n44\\n850\\n251\\n337\\n85\\n803\\nPike\\n315\\nPulaski\\n9\\n3\\n4\\n6\\n13\\n9\\n742\\n98 202\\n309\\nRabu-\\n28\\n29\\n62\\n28\\n255\\n245\\n153\\n36\\n430\\n104\\n41\\n294\\n312\\n64\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n726\\n167\\n69\\n3\\n6\\n1\\n5\\n7\\n554\\n564\\n234 387\\n387", "height": "3438", "width": "1953", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0791.jp2"}, "786": {"fulltext": "24\\nCensus of 1850.\\nTABLE IX- ADULTS IN THE STATE WHO CANNOT READ AND WEITE.-Continued.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nWHITES.\\nFree Colored.\\nc\\n.y\\n5\\nc\\nu\\nCD\\nto\\nM.\\nF.\\nTotal.\\nM.\\nP.\\nTotal.\\n81\\n53\\n68\\n26\\n13\\n4;:.\\n130\\n267\\nlOi!\\n292\\n250\\n303\\n38\\n19\\n191\\n137\\n117\\n83\\n80\\n103\\n2\\n750\\n138\\n425\\n109\\n493\\n412\\n508\\n54\\n21\\n280\\n214\\n198\\n136\\n148\\n129\\n15\\n1,225\\n268\\n692\\n271\\n78J\\n662\\n811\\n92\\n40\\n471\\nl\\n12\\n19\\n1\\n233\\n199\\n135\\n148\\n144\\n15\\n1 ,225\\n26 S\\n699\\n273\\n785\\n663\\n820\\n92\\n40\\n468\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n233\\nTatna l\\n199\\nTelfair\\n136\\n148\\nTroup\\n15\\n15\\n144\\nTwiggs\\n15\\n1,225\\n268\\nWalker\\no\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n5\\n5\\n1\\n4\\n7\\n2\\n1\\n1\\n9\\n699\\n273\\n786\\n663\\n820\\n92\\nWilkes\\n40\\n471\\nTotal\\n16,552 24.648 41.200\\n208\\n259\\n467\\n41,261\\n406\\n41,667\\nTABLE X,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Professions, Occupations, and Trades of the Male Population.*\\nActors\\nAgents\\nAsricultural implement ma-\\nkers\\nApothecaries druggists..\\nArchitects\\nArtists\\nAuctioneers\\nAuthors\\nBakers\\nBankers\\nBank officers\\nBarbers\\nBarkeepers\\n13\\n75\\n3\\n17\\n3\\n1\\n66\\n14\\n40\\n23\\n57\\nBlack and white Smiths... 1,469\\nBlock and pump makers... 6\\nBoardin^-house-keepers 21\\nBoat builders 13\\nBoatmen 85\\nBookbinders 15\\nBooksellers 11\\nBrass workers 7\\nBrewers and distillers 26\\nBrick makers 34\\nBrokers 9\\nBuilders 3S\\nButchers 121\\nCabinet and chair makers. 325\\nCarpenters 2,323\\nCarriers 11\\nCarters 37\\nCaulkers 4\\nChemists 2\\nCity, county town officers 203\\nCivil engineers 5\\nClergymen 715\\nClerks 2,136\\nClock makers.. _.. 6\\nClothiers 2\\nCoach makers 281\\n9\\n9\\n33\\n34\\n54\\n113\\nCollectors.\\nColliers\\nComb makers\\nConfectioners\\nContractors\\nCoopers\\nCoppersmiths\\nCorders\\nCord wainers\\nCotton manufacturers.\\nDaguerreoty pists\\nDealers\\nDentists\\nDrivers _\\nDyers\\nEditors\\nEngineers\\nEngravers\\nFactory hands\\nFarmers 81\\nFishermen\\nGardners and florists\\nGas fitters\\nGatekeepers\\nGold and silver smiths\\nGrocers\\nGunsmiths\\nHat and cap manufacturers\\nHorse dealers\\nInn keepers\\nIron founders\\nIronmongers\\nJewellers\\nLaborers 10.\\nLawyers\\nLivery-stable keepers\\nLumbermen\\nMachinists\\nManufacturers not speci-\\nfied\\nMariners\\nMasons\\nMechanics not specified 1\\nMerchants 2\\nMilkmen\\nMillers\\nMillwrights\\nMiners\\nMoulders\\nMusicians\\nMusic teachers\\nOpticians\\nOstlers\\nOverseers 2,\\nPainters and glaziers\\nPattern makers\\nPedlers\\nPhysicians 1\\nPilots\\nPlanters 1\\nPotters\\nPrinters\\n47\\n79\\n102\\nj\\n45\\n210\\n5\\n526\\n364\\n41\\n50\\n5\\n30\\n454\\n104\\n108\\n4\\n]68\\n38\\n859\\n711\\n32\\n21\\n149\\n84\\n111\\n331\\n773\\n421\\n5\\n567\\n171\\n649\\n45\\n10\\n22\\n3\\n96\\n166\\n199\\n61\\n,295\\n45\\n948\\n21\\n190\\nProduce dealers 6\\nProfessors 21\\nPublishers 1\\nQuarrymen 5\\nRailroadmen 127\\nRefiners 7\\nRope makers 1\\nSaddle and harness makers 232\\nSafe makers 1\\nSad makers 4\\nSawyers 75\\nServants 15\\nSextons 4\\nShingle makers 18\\nShip carpenters 50\\nShoe binders 3\\nSoldiers 18\\nSpinners 21\\nStereotypers 1\\nStone and marble cutters.. 50\\nStorekeepers 18\\nStudents 2,265\\nSugar manufacturers 27\\nSurveyors 15\\nTailors 565\\nTrainers and curriers 100\\nTar and turpentine makers. 7\\nTeachers 1,313\\nTeamsters 122\\nTelegraph operators 9\\nTinsmiths 94\\nTobacconists and cigar mak-\\ners 43\\nToymen 9\\nTraders 145\\nTrimmers 40\\nTurners 28\\nUmbrella manufacturers... 1\\nUnited States and State\\nofficers 175\\nWatchmakers 31\\nWatchmen 38\\nWeavers 27\\nWheelwrights 511\\nWood inters 38\\nWood dealers 3\\nWool combers 5c carders. 24\\nWool dealers 1\\nOther occupations 173\\nTotal 123,243\\nThe numbers here given are according to the statements of persons at their resiliences. By examining the\\nstatements given by proprietors of establishments producing over 8. r il, we have the following number of males\\nemployed for some ofthe leading interests: cotton factories. B16; woolen fictories, 193; iron forges, foundries,\\nand furnaces, 255 saw mills, 12m 1 gold mining, 62 tanning and currying, 454; tar and turpentine making,\\n63; brickmaking, 196; coach and car making, 494.", "height": "3446", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0792.jp2"}, "787": {"fulltext": "Statistics of Georgia. 25\\nTABLE XI\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Agriculture\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Farms and Implements, Stock, Products, Home Manufactures, c.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nAcres of Land in\\nFarms.\\nValue of Farms\\nImplements.\\nLIVE STOCK.\\nImproved.\\nUnimproved.\\nCash value o\\nFarms.\\nI Vulueul\\nfarming itn\\nplements\\nmiichinery\\nHorsc-B.\\nAsses am\\nmules.\\nMilch\\ncows.\\nWork ii\\nOUSei\\ncattle.\\n9,957\\n56,954\\n71,44!\\n44.919\\n21,57\\n26,760\\n190.910\\n50,369\\n2:.,222\\n40,118\\n38,522\\n52,575\\n31,88\u00c2\u00a3\\n29,325\\n50,535\\n91,148\\n3,118\\n52,697\\n147,684\\n88,088\\n72,857\\n11,245\\n45,478\\n67,992\\n59,859\\n44,742\\n21,784\\n84,069\\n35,092\\n56,104\\n32,358\\n43.1 1(1\\n09,416\\n23,900\\n20,472\\n2:.,:i I.\\n104,658\\n85,881\\n44,798\\n38,824\\n125,691\\n135,292\\n42,691\\n104, lit!)\\n145,386\\n14.325\\n70,741\\n139,948\\n79,715\\n138,972\\n62,219\\n56,074\\n38,563\\n48,320\\n40,897\\n31,962\\n51,588\\n45,708\\n19,482\\n61,938\\n122,838\\n157,797\\n10,022\\n138,163\\n51,102\\n78,015\\n91,993\\n219,712\\n28,295\\n82,563\\n98,964\\n134.829\\n12,711\\n93 211\\n343,701\\n215,043\\n157,999\\n90,321\\n148.823\\n473,233\\n331,028\\n63,505\\n181,675\\n101,300\\n178.649\\n15,591\\n110,403\\n78,186\\n128,501\\n107,105\\n42,893\\n155,557\\n152,693\\n160.500\\n134,073\\n36.61 1\\n199,971\\n153,739\\n308,583\\n135,632\\n210,972\\n229,375\\n502,609\\n156,094\\n96,195\\n107,37:\\n330,811\\n121,876\\n85,777\\n83,512\\n148,985\\n197,210\\n275,511\\n201,558\\n162,644\\n150,911\\n96,409\\n215,952\\n184,000\\n320.433\\n128.608\\n89,875\\n217,600\\n99,617\\n282,158\\n112,242\\n303,518\\n101,668\\n429,462\\n9 1,899\\n134,548\\nloo.ooi\\n83,090\\n119,311\\n180,223\\n158,338\\n177,244\\n78,969\\n163,470\\n131,361\\n125,993\\n78,553\\n62,685\\n154,268\\n138,657\\n72,669\\n120,634\\n239 605\\n$141,860\\n1,545,007\\n664,581\\n913,835\\n307,426\\n348,258\\n2,284 581\\n671,343\\n904,004\\n854,604\\n677,435\\n1,513,034\\n2,008,250\\n787,401\\n930,029\\n1,062,876\\n57,300\\n743,237\\n1,487,845\\n1,848,923\\n1,106,103\\n235,070\\n738,803\\n1,119,181\\n443,483\\n720,943\\n310,515\\n1,563,526\\n579, 070\\n974,977\\n1.084,362\\n714,638\\n1,068,663\\n488,392\\n7 62,055\\n575,879\\n1,767,288\\n956,768\\n457,511\\n576,864\\n1,323,711\\n1,632,822\\n723,990\\n1,742,760\\n2,747,247\\n96,482\\n733,164\\n1,4-11,394\\n1,353,618\\n1,247,920\\n408,951\\n1,049,809\\n776,650\\n635,777\\n848, 108\\n620,852\\n1,070,571\\n578,420\\n718,89\\n1,144,400\\n2,070,826\\n2.357,484\\n117,922\\n1,378,938\\n1,622,680\\n1.600,757\\n1,215,031\\n1,861,085\\n728,465\\n1,676,355\\n729,979\\n1,1 L5.575\\nL 56,885\\n1,319,699\\n$10,676\\n62,207\\n30,971\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a01 1,637\\n19,088\\n16,707\\n132,416\\n38,797\\n28,054\\n52,763\\n46,383\\n56,412\\n209,241\\n38,917\\n39 202\\n61,589\\n3,308\\n56,933\\n118,387\\n102,425\\n75,891\\n11,593\\n42,321\\n65,309\\n54,833\\n38,149\\n15,656\\n93,236\\n20,325\\n62,539\\n41,000\\n41,13!\\n83,742\\n19,974\\n31,347\\n35,726\\n78,154\\n83,802\\n39,198\\n53,546\\n81,927\\n99,751\\n48,650\\n92,655\\n95,432\\n10,705\\n51,831\\n92,290\\n97,005\\n6 ,399\\n30,972\\n54,072\\n32,868\\n40,300\\n44.415\\n29,262\\n56,773\\n35,383\\n73,751\\n70,644\\n108,310\\n219,449\\n8,905\\n57,118\\n58,225\\n113,565\\n73,236\\n104,926\\n35,090\\n69,933\\n30,193\\n66,665\\n10,449\\n97,482\\n642\\n1,179\\n1,150\\n810\\n481\\n1,230\\n2,891\\n1,036\\n655\\n1,397\\n1,879\\n1,861\\n426\\n1,446\\n1,783\\n1,658\\n151\\n2,189\\n1,824\\n2,025\\n1,254\\n640\\n1,530\\n2,37 7\\n1,664\\n1,088\\n763\\n2,666\\n1,453\\n1,874\\n1,196\\n1,668\\n2,969\\n1,084\\n1,114\\n1,278\\n2,434\\n2,611\\n1,812\\n1,648\\n2,242\\n2,359\\n1,212\\n2,810\\n2,120\\n897\\nL,620\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2j J 8\\n1,912\\n1,521\\n1,416\\n1,052\\n972\\n1,217\\n1,585\\n1,510\\n1,041\\n1,300\\n363\\n1,156\\n2,3,-7\\n2,02,-\\n2,054\\n2,617\\n1,813\\n2, -J 5o\\n2,676\\nL.375\\n1,941\\n1,222\\n1,462\\n604\\n2,092\\n29\\n917\\n63E\\n671\\n109\\n79\\n1,988\\n614\\n57\\n457\\n323\\n609\\n385\\n344\\n271\\n404\\n40\\n480\\n1,352\\n1,238\\n902\\n117\\n502\\n519\\n452\\n508\\n142\\n619\\n62\\n517\\n441\\n212\\n241\\n147\\n113\\n363\\n933\\n403\\n308\\n282\\n902\\n1,445\\n564\\n9\\n1,779\\n58\\n290\\n1,324\\n868\\n1,153\\n351\\n802\\n128\\n445\\n457\\n222\\n685\\n161\\n62\\n912\\n1,546\\n1,811\\n87\\n945\\n535\\n966\\n801\\n651\\n311\\n866\\n417\\n1,265\\n39\\n1,056\\n7,483\\n6,125\\n2,101\\n1,646\\n3,455\\no,i i\\n5,054\\n1,305\\n5,624\\n2,026\\n3,005\\n2,452\\n1,876\\n1,937\\n2,511\\n2,189\\n1,748\\n2,783\\n4,408\\n3,114\\n2,001\\n817\\n0,495\\n2,500\\n7,372\\n4,384\\n4,020\\n3,584\\n8,653\\n2,442\\n1,834\\n2,075\\n3 51!\\n1,642\\n1,982\\nL,565\\n3,337\\n3,286\\n2,810\\n2,17 7\\n3,145\\n3,407\\n1.663\\n3,279\\n3,454\\n9,200\\n2,027\\n2,407\\n2,005\\n2,486\\n5,740\\n3,684\\n5,427\\n1,910\\n12,457\\n2,13 1\\n2,485\\n1,811\\n2,686\\n2,825\\n2,475\\n3,565\\n5,603\\n2,291\\n3,325\\n2,648\\n2,157\\n3,654\\n2,120\\n2, 5^- 5\\n5,935\\n2,261\\n992\\n5,052\\n112\\n610\\n37 5\\n597\\n252\\n107\\n612\\n150\\n525\\n750\\n1,217\\n1,224\\n158\\n619\\n1,115\\n833\\n11\\n1,273\\n1,280\\n1,017\\n738\\n29\\n829\\n1,173\\n,-2 5\\n613\\n30\\n1,296\\n190\\n973\\n624\\n111!)\\n1,57 7\\n565\\n526\\n514\\n1,026\\n1,227\\n816\\n83!\\n1,294\\n1,425\\n1,535\\n1,307\\n2 1,\\n759\\n1,104\\n571\\n971\\n579\\n554\\n723\\n580\\n265\\n780\\n590\\n734\\n293\\n680\\n1,445\\n1,668\\n202\\n877\\n1,066\\n947\\n995\\n1,478\\n764\\n1,265\\n588\\n705\\n227\\n1411\\n10,141\\n21 748\\n5,6 o\\n4,761\\nBibb\\n(1,11)!)\\nBullock\\nL0,400\\n9,374\\n2,272\\n10,375\\n2,57 3\\nCarroll\\n6,556\\n4,482\\n3,673\\n4,026\\n4,834\\nClark\\n4,542\\nClinch\\n3,811\\nCobb\\n5,198\\n7,095\\n1,1 93\\n5,195\\nDade\\n1,381\\n17,427\\nDeKalb\\n4,146\\n19, 837\\nEarly\\n21,171\\n7,072\\nElbert\\n5 12\\nFayette\\n4,1 85\\nFloyd\\n2,969\\nForsvtli\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2J. 5 59\\nFranklin\\n6,156\\n3.354\\nGlynn\\n3,594\\n2,728\\n6,331\\n4,962\\nHall\\n2,755\\n8,537\\n7,511\\n3,917\\n5.197\\n9,390\\n13,373\\n3,515\\n4,913\\n7,547\\n6,127\\n13,533\\n9,478\\n9,300\\n4,001\\n26,266\\n3,276\\n6,392\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2J, 535\\n,5,465\\n6,316\\n5,774\\n8,323\\n8,001\\n5,818\\n6,539\\n8,254\\n4,751\\n7,061\\n3,943\\nPike\\n5,511\\n8,050\\n5,984\\n2,106\\n9 678", "height": "3438", "width": "1953", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0793.jp2"}, "788": {"fulltext": "26 Census of 1850.\\nTABLE XI.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Agriculture\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Farms and Implements, Stock, Products, c\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Continued.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nAcres of Land in\\nFarms.\\nValue of Farms\\nImplements.\\nLIVE STOCK.\\nImproved.\\nUnimproved.\\nViiJue of\\nCash value cf farming im\\nFarms, plemeuts\\nmachinery.\\nHorses.\\nAsses find\\nmules.\\nMilch\\ncows.\\nWorking\\noxen.\\nOther\\ncattle.\\n37,644\\n56,008\\n145,821\\n68,165\\n136,933\\n39,184\\n14.244\\n15,360\\n63,933\\n128,190\\n101,619\\n31,316\\n73,512\\n36.191\\n101,490\\n11,316\\n135,115\\n117,433\\n5,356\\n97,545\\n75,721\\n111,592\\n454,748\\n233,130\\n157,748\\n159,251\\n89,823\\n379,369\\n183.235\\n383,453\\n130,900\\n142,171\\n147,967\\n89,792\\n72.917\\n126,883\\n265,315\\n236,236\\n308.4V8\\n69,727\\n190,547\\n239,951\\n$1,165,463\\n609,375\\n2,238,361\\n1,252.168\\n2,100 407\\n616,829\\n229,888\\n168,793\\n1.11)4,240\\n1,980,186\\n575,990\\n476,518\\n991,904\\n852.90.\\n1,015,731\\n169,770\\nL,680,835\\n1,331,638\\n91,079\\n1,344,855\\n912,086\\n$50,934\\n4:1,142\\n115,636\\n72,40\u00c2\u00a3\\n116,444\\n34.683\\n13 396\\n11,633\\n108,041\\n132,572\\n241,501\\n25,288\\n65,891\\n30.4K\\n69,491\\n12,191\\n92,392\\n93,340\\n5,038\\n83,481\\n69,370\\n936\\n1,494\\n2,846\\n1.681\\n2,44!)\\n1,108\\n766\\n665\\n1,707\\n2,758\\n1,345\\n1,655\\n1,141\\n1,731\\n2,601\\n760\\n2,572\\n2.710\\n264\\n2,140\\n1,863\\n687\\n576\\n1,551\\n172\\n1,647\\n365\\n44\\n77\\n786\\n1,761\\n930\\n189\\n985\\n458\\n498\\n21\\n748\\n566\\n7\\n1,027\\n486\\n1,813\\n6,238\\n5,196\\n3,919\\n3,576\\n1,546\\n5,099\\n5,154\\n8,846\\n2,947\\n2,013\\n2,387\\n1,504\\n2,098\\n2,815\\n8,631\\n3,262\\n4,423\\n3,465\\n3,775\\n3,114\\n218\\n139\\n1,404\\n957\\n1,331\\n458\\n206\\n359\\n296\\n1,285\\n824\\n379\\n850\\n757\\n1,132\\n56\\n1,420\\n1,306\\n89\\n1,111\\n1,122\\n4,034\\n21,381\\nStewart\\n9,302\\n5,322\\nTalbot\\n9,823\\n3,849\\nTelfair\\n11,158\\n13,136\\nThomas\\n14,113\\n6,344\\n5,100\\n4,112\\n4,277\\nWalker\\n4,121\\nWalton\\n4,612\\n12,306\\n6,230\\n10,381\\n5,972\\nWilkes\\n7,437\\n8,248\\nTotal\\n6,378,479\\n16,442,900\\n95,753,445\\n5,894,150\\n151,331\\n57,379\\n334,223\\n73,286\\n690,019\\nTABLE XL\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Agriculture\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Farms and Implements, Stock, Products, Home Manufactures, c.\\nCOUNTI ES.\\nAppling\\nBaker.\\nBaldwin\\nBibb\\nBryan\\nBullock\\nBurke\\nButts\\nCamden\\nCampbell\\nCarroll\\nCass\\nChatham\\nChattooga.\\nCherokee\\nClark\\nJlinch\\nCobb\\nColumbia\\nCoweta\\nraw for J.\\nDade\\nDecatur\\nDeKalb\\nDooly\\nEarly\\nEffingham.\\nElbert\\nEmanuel\\nFayette\\nFloyd\\nForsyth\\nFranklin\\nLIVE STOCK.\\nSheep.\\n2,328\\n3,985\\n4,398\\n2,630\\n1,721\\n6,844\\n7,778\\n3,064\\n1,649\\n3,532\\n4,812\\n5,873\\n2,80\\n4,24\\n8,932\\n4,693\\n293\\n8,015\\n7,632\\n6,265\\n5,552\\n1,478\\n7,3\\n5,468\\n6,6*1\\n5,198\\n6,779\\n7,452\\n8,872\\n5,088\\n5,165\\n6,213\\n11,472\\n20,835\\n28,365\\n15,049\\n15,470\\n7,573\\n18,677\\n40,536\\n15,288\\n8,767\\n18,544\\n25,827\\n24,149\\n3,067\\n18,789\\n27,273\\n17,074\\n3,409\\n26,965\\n29,619\\n29,878\\n22,822\\n9,036\\n25,639\\n24,449\\n28,283\\n29.252\\n12,660\\n25,092\\n22,635\\n21,941\\n19,258\\n19.848\\n24,924\\n$171,318\\n336.160\\n207,349\\n204,890\\n102,465\\n200,509\\n510.103\\n186,920\\n143,563\\n190,300\\n279.835\\n284,062\\n105,683\\n181,549\\n214,194\\n253,310\\n43,747\\n286,879\\n420,338\\n389,280\\n280,053\\n70,834\\n257,967\\n285,965\\n330,693\\n279,532\\n130,856\\n354,460\\n250.902\\n235,899\\n165,801\\n189,842\\n337,222\\n$29,902\\np69,737\\n43,117\\n51,402\\n16,875\\n36,530\\n111,100\\n43,130\\n22,319\\n53,596\\n57,137\\n68,846\\n2,704\\n47,950\\n63,366\\n67,291\\n6,063\\n106,664\\n80,241\\n98,588\\n83,641\\n16,231\\n63,045\\n72,170\\n76,985\\n48,175\\n26,462\\n83,075\\n48,570\\n81.236\\n42,001\\n60.121\\n99,634\\nProduce during the year ending June 1, 1850.\\n800\\n862\\n7,496\\n3,581\\n10\\n766\\n3,471\\n7,216\\n11,485\\n21,071\\n29,153\\n5,891\\n32,921\\n14,229\\n11\\n34.936\\n15,326\\n11,402\\n12,089\\n2,098\\n131\\n22 118\\n6,018\\n2,360\\n391\\n31,070\\n2,98\\n13,430\\n16,179\\n23,206\\n34,800\\nRye.\\n17\\n161\\n521\\n91\\n25\\n889\\n32\\n454\\n3,21\\n46:\\n1C0\\n92\\n197\\n215\\n10\\n106\\n65\\n23\\n1,296\\n144\\n144\\n69\\n391\\n233\\n53,794\\n284,595\\n255,910\\n255,275\\n54,927\\n98,612\\n643,608\\n224,930\\n63,478\\n271,500\\n316,871\\n497,769\\n57,427\\n301,180\\n444,984\\n289,575\\n17,350\\n318,738\\n434,:\\n516,910\\n339,426\\n147,849\\n275,497\\n432,435\\n289,378\\n223,037\\n87,794\\n614,966\\n121,874\\n318,113\\n251,722\\n339,954\\n447,050\\n2,038\\n11,762\\n20,962\\n30,312\\n1,778\\n2 237\\n28,260\\n24,690\\n126\\n27,236\\n40,803\\n55,119\\n4,650\\n36,481\\n60,008\\n65,710\\n200\\n52,790\\n94.641\\n93,104\\n35,284\\n17,965\\n8.817\\n86,047\\n9,301\\n28,020\\n271\\n65,183\\n2,259\\n34,365\\n15,370\\n72,855\\n104,764\\nRice,\\npounds of.\\n30,800\\nL5.225\\n100\\n,409,387\\n112,475\\n36,380\\n1,540\\n,400,940\\n4,975\\n430\\n53,750\\n43\\n142\\n2,475\\n29,531\\n6,365\\n21,020\\n63\\n55,303\\n1,275\\n10,825\\n48,790\\n257,901\\n2,509\\n8,824\\n420\\n53\\n5,135\\n16,288", "height": "3446", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0794.jp2"}, "789": {"fulltext": "Statistics of Georgia. 27\\nTABLE XI.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Agriculture\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Farms and Implements, Stock, Products, c\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Continued.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nGilmer\\nGlynn\\nGordon\\nGreene\\nGwinnett\\nHabersham..\\nHall\\nHancock-\\nHarris\\nHeard\\nHenry\\nHouston\\nIrwin\\nJackson\\nJasper\\nJefferson\\nJones\\nLaurens\\nLee\\nLiberty\\nLincoln\\nLowndes\\nLumpkin\\nMacon\\nMadison\\nMcintosh..\\nMarion\\nMeriwether..\\nMonroe\\nMontgomery.\\nMorgan\\nMurray\\nMuscogee\\nNewton\\nOglethorpe..\\nPaulding\\nPike\\nPulaski\\nPutnam\\nRabun\\nRandolph\\nRichmond.\\nScriven\\nStewart\\nSumter\\nTalbot\\nTaliaferro\\nTatnall\\nTelfair\\nThomas\\nTroup\\nTwiggs\\nUnion\\nUpaon\\nWalker\\nWalton\\nWare\\nWarren\\nWashington.\\nWayne..\\nWilkes\\nWilkinson...\\nTotal...\\nLIVE STOCK.\\n5,06\\n8-2\\n4,09\\n9,01\\n6,82\\n8,019\\n6,50\\n8,433\\n6,999\\n4,042\\n7,90\\n9,516\\n3,315\\n4,571\\n6,433\\n8,958\\n8,490\\n8,0\\n4,715\\n4,609\\n4,245\\n11, 262\\n6,485\\n5,311\\n4,459\\n1,554\\n5,743\\n7,784\\n9,610\\n4,241\\n5,070\\n6,910\\n4,430\\n6,189\\n8,998\\n3,055\\n5,698\\n5,974\\n5,558\\n2,498\\n9,445\\n2,291\\n11,311\\n8,105\\n6,152\\n8,336\\n3,151\\n5,298\\n6,627\\n11,851\\n7,032\\n4,133\\n8,202\\n4,768\\n6,249\\n5,888\\n919\\n8,764\\n11,388\\n616\\n7,22?\\n6,633\\n560,435\\n18.949\\n2,59\\n15.529\\n30,323\\n26,494\\n19,410\\n18,419\\n30.919\\n36,958\\n18,101\\n24,812\\n40,969\\n26,496\\n16,773\\n31,289\\n28,386\\n26,634\\n24,038\\n23,542\\n10,006\\nL4.260\\n35,000\\n23,1.57\\n21,493\\n12,257\\n4 761\\n21,212\\n38,912\\n9,880\\n12,464\\n27,368\\n29,864\\n26,881\\n25,116\\n27,275\\n20,801\\n26,898\\n21.819\\n25,280\\n9,090\\n36,54*\\n15,004\\n23,915\\n43,560\\n29,422\\n40,086\\n13,331\\n15,496\\n19,237\\n20,410\\n41,620\\n23,656\\n23,410\\n23,30.7\\n24,503\\n25,596\\n26,054\\n30,710\\n41,40 1\\n7,156\\n28,197\\n30,070\\n2,168,61\\n$135,73\\n72,384\\n174,98\\n392.9\\n295,57\\n220,154\\n180,770\\n39 1,893\\n495J43I\\n206,261\\n387,608\\n527.592\\n202,596\\n200.7?\\n399,12\\n327,410\\n326,34\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0265,42\\n273,785\\n176-046\\n183,024\\n356,032\\n167,27-1\\n227,216\\n163,464\\n74,8\\n301,510\\n472,951\\n605,620\\n126,129\\n327,764\\n313,888\\n398,\\n280,909\\n302,293\\n195,973\\n340,98\\n254,984\\n324,132\\n74,010\\n4-18,090\\n201,340\\n361,020\\n540,865\\n326,063\\n499.18\\n146 20 1\\n137,010\\n167,309\\n376,480\\n514,591\\n302,149\\n176,325\\n274,149\\n176,313\\n335,323\\n203,146\\n379,422\\n392,454\\n62,082\\n349,697\\n328,318\\n$40,677\\n11,189\\n45,019\\n91,925\\n75,852\\n55,61?\\n49,301\\n96,004\\n135, 999\\n50.319\\n105,265\\n148,740\\n37,010\\n52,009\\n89,42;\\n66,665\\n86,398\\n50,877\\n71,421\\n28,557\\n47,496\\n66,703\\n65,446\\n63,085\\n.43,011\\n13,928\\n68,193\\n114,756\\n139,516\\n18,282\\n93,65\\n90,400\\n66,641\\n71,626\\n95,444\\n43,084\\n86,268\\n65,140\\n77,551\\n18,060\\n139,523\\n81,573\\n107,583\\n111,249\\n84,798\\n122,38\\n36,480\\n29,106\\n31,502\\n75,576\\n128,774\\n86,731\\n46,366\\n63,416\\n49 310\\n84,635\\n31,107\\n113,481\\n106.249\\n11 ,472\\n78,216\\n105,171\\nProduce during the year ending June 1, 1850.\\n3,805\\n19,161\\n13,882\\n29,2! 16\\n10,082\\n19,910\\n12,160\\n24,130\\n12,047\\n36,489\\n15,106\\n1,199\\n23,072\\n18.730\\n6,282\\n13,859\\n8,992\\n2,116\\n100\\n9,546\\n83?\\n6,630\\n6,162\\n16,525\\n12\\n9,857\\n25,014\\n40,003\\n1,241\\n19,145\\n19,596\\n9,547\\n16;224\\n14,257\\n8,634\\n12,204\\n2,058\\n17,785\\n256\\n3,713\\n4,064\\n3,560\\n12,152\\n7,258\\n28,349\\n8,879\\n1,132\\n1,04?\\n249\\n17,644\\n5,892\\n2,176\\n19,701\\n11,913\\n21,494\\n388\\n19,155\\n11,550\\n60\\n12,649\\n12,149\\n25,728,416 6,339,762 1,088,534 53,750 30,080,099\\n3,362\\n10\\n322\\n569\\n99\\n3,50?\\n422\\n566\\n593\\n11?\\n2fi I\\n33?\\n19\\n10 I\\n31)4\\n279\\n512\\n291\\n222\\n5\\n113\\n65\\n2,459\\n471\\n119\\n931\\n662\\n28\\n139\\n162\\n129\\n101\\n711\\n45\\n235\\n24?\\n413\\n3,195\\n524\\n1,005\\n1,283\\n323\\n15?\\n169\\n62\\n6\\n338\\n565\\n13,012\\n289\\n258\\n213\\n11\\n902\\n1,895\\n163\\n2,194\\n214,193\\n49,739\\n285.360\\n480,326\\n436,2\\n268,695\\n295,759\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a21 10,699\\n554,895\\n265,242\\n514,796\\n662,600\\n89 000\\n309.272\\n460,680\\n35-1/36\\n402,360\\n211,958\\n297,614\\n114,310\\n204,591\\n2;j:j,569\\n242,717\\n258,364\\n195,421\\n34,715\\n333,904\\n594,601\\n724,670\\n55,365\\n411,857\\n518,745\\n399,113\\n463,130\\n445,575\\n256,019\\n418,990\\n229,815\\n392,821\\n64,699\\n454,533\\n297,780\\n264,860\\n684,499\\n354,842\\n655,802\\n193,327\\n71,740\\n77,805\\n353,920\\n687,205\\n37 9,53?\\n274,315\\n343,01?\\n371,760\\n126, 516\\n68,270\\n428,364\\n446,730\\n21,545\\n418,176\\n323,976\\n24,894\\n1*470\\n20,586\\n96,787\\n102,056\\n48,683\\n67,914\\n72,875\\n82,181\\n35,034\\n88.897\\n46,830\\n4,006\\n63,72?\\n62 B98\\n5,073\\n54,208\\n7,535\\n21,210\\n2 122\\n64,472\\n11,396\\n40,746\\n28,477\\n28,777\\n150\\n16,009\\n98,050\\n108,766\\n1,57?\\n86,990\\n56,588\\n3-1,731\\n60,315\\n99,771\\n24,062\\n46,442\\n5,840\\n45,205\\n9,771\\n56,959\\n27,458\\n5,830\\n70,624\\n3-1,051\\n89,185\\n28,690\\n3,775\\n4,958\\n1.6,598\\n120,302\\n8,758\\n40,428\\n48,131\\n51,969\\n92,660\\n2,843\\n44,119\\n11,261\\n82\\n133,213\\n17,615\\n3,820,44 38,950,691", "height": "3438", "width": "1953", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0795.jp2"}, "790": {"fulltext": "28 Census of 1850.\\nTASLE XI.-AGRICULTXJUE-FAKMS AND IMPLEMENTS, STOCK, PRODUCTS, c.-Continued.\\nAppling\\nBaker\\nBaldwin\\nBibb\\nBryan\\nBullock\\nB urke\\nButts\\nCamden\\nCampbell\\nCarroll\\nCass\\nChatham\\nChattooga.\\nCherokee\\nClark\\nClinch\\nCobb\\nColumbia\\nCoweta\\nCrawford\\nDade\\nDecatur\\nDeKalb\\nDooly\\nEarly\\nEffingham\\nElbert\\nEmanuel\\nEavette\\nFloyd\\nForsyth\\nFranklin\\nGilmer\\nGlynn\\nGordon\\nGreene\\nGwinnett\\nHabersham\\nHall\\nHancock\\nHarris\\nHeard\\nHenry\\nHouston\\nIrwin\\nJackson\\nJasper\\nJefferson\\nJones\\nLaurens\\nLt-e\\nLiberty\\nLincoln\\nLowndes\\nLumpkin\\nMacon\\nMadison\\nMcintosh\\nMarion\\nMeriwether\\nMonroe\\nMontgomery.\\nMorgan\\nMurray\\nMuscogee\\nNewton\\nOglethorpe\\nPaulding\\nPike\\nPulaski\\nPutnam\\nRabun\\nRandolph\\nRichmond\\nScriven\\nStewart\\nSumter\\nPRODUCE DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUSE 1, 1850.\\nTobacco,\\npounds of.\\n210\\n100\\n280\\n265\\n2,489\\n7,201\\n5,7 35\\nr,360\\nr.oso\\n2,170\\n605\\n157\\n4,773\\n157,937\\n1,930\\n3,858\\n711,\\n54 5\\n450\\n59,5 18\\n18,207\\n14,752\\n1,130\\n5,901\\n12,508\\n22,767\\n70\\n350\\n.(cu pounds\\neHch.\\n100\\n489\\n3,395\\n467\\n5,401\\n4,006\\n3\\n115\\n100\\n950\\n(,74-.\\n8l\u00c2\u00a3\\nWool, Peas and\\npounds of. beans,\\nbushels of.\\n63\\n8,820\\n4,483\\n3,394\\n536\\n594\\n19,175\\n4,110\\n858\\n3,040\\n1,243\\n2,385\\n580\\n1,668\\n4,572\\n106\\n2,H11\\n11,336\\n10,369\\n7,477\\n15\\n5,308\\n2,397\\n5,962\\n4,354\\n15\\n8,565\\n559\\n4,253\\n1,976\\n472\\n2,653\\n1,036\\n184\\n12,600\\n2,531\\n36\\n205\\n11,374\\n11,935\\n3,384\\n9,352\\n19,362\\n112\\n1,202\\n9,899\\n10,441\\n9,006\\n3,883\\n9,342\\n1,883\\n5,447\\n2,912\\n14\\n5,773\\n2/219\\n520\\n7,149\\n12,862\\n15,012\\n2 9 J\\n11,541\\n159\\n8,50\\n6,938\\n12,249\\n1,439\\n8,002\\n5,50\\n8,62\\n10,533\\n1,U8\\n3.936\\n19,16\\n3,925\\n9,633\\n7,160\\n4,116\\n2,773\\n12,687\\n18,238\\n4,761\\n2,680\\n6,769\\n9,550\\n7,165\\n2,799\\n6,963\\n13,489\\n7,576\\n84\\n12,793\\n18,710\\n11,527\\n7,578\\n2,826\\n14,385\\n8,820\\n16,988\\n9,995\\n15,639\\n12,981\\n25,787\\n7,494\\n4,429\\n11,196\\n19,740\\n8,609\\n1,554\\n13,940\\n10,858\\n16,438\\n11,207\\n12,171\\n11,767\\n5,442\\n12,857\\n14,726\\n7,652\\n8,427\\n10,421\\n17,251\\n12,592\\n14,849\\n9,821\\n8^Go\\n7,925\\n22,420\\n11,843\\n9,768\\n8,000\\n300\\n7,509\\n11,326\\n16,624\\n10,923\\n9,111\\n11,779\\n2,224\\n7,490\\n12,62-.\\n5,362\\n8,862\\n10,261\\n8,395\\n6,603\\n15,085\\n5,578\\n37,76u\\n11,190\\n9,241\\n3,750\\n28,151\\n2.159\\n11,002\\n9,519\\n6.805\\n36,075\\n4,457\\n7,677\\n7,730\\n5,811\\n6,483\\n9,415\\n7,808\\n3,330\\n25,172\\n3,411\\n8,699\\n25,724\\n2,107\\n6,161\\n575\\n8,784\\n3,999\\n13.611\\n13, -5\\n11,046\\n32,589\\n8, 125\\n6,726\\n3,85 1\\n6,sl3\\n19,686\\n584\\n7,290\\n921\\n38,456\\n2,983\\n2,758\\n7,656\\n39,411\\n20,41\\n182\\n13,411\\n5,310\\n6,2 I\\n8,43\\n15,524\\n4,870\\n23,750\\n6,616\\n26,470\\n22,929\\n1,433\\n25,166\\n1,385\\n22,178\\n2,315\\n4,895\\n611\\n19,155\\nL8.962\\n2,551\\n3,022\\n1,538\\n2;,:, j\\n1,180\\n12,201\\n5,796\\n^,u, i\\n11,195\\n4,307\\n3,232\\n411,061\\n19,6:6;\\n9,175\\n33,596\\n22, i;\\nIrish\\npotatoes\\n48\\n864\\n668\\n2,063\\n46\\n100\\n1,792\\n1,200\\n597\\n1,423\\n5,852\\n3,66\\n7,125\\n2,962\\n3,855\\n4.182\\n1,567\\n2,378\\n825\\n1,259\\n3,276\\n847\\n1,171\\n150\\n332\\n5,929\\n219\\n2,907\\n2,764\\n7,365\\n8,426\\n4,151\\n301\\n1,674\\n4,035\\n2,283\\n6,076\\n5,746\\n3,967\\n4,32-.\\n80\\n3,83\\n3,056\\n221\\n2,012\\n3,251\\n119\\n2,796\\n118\\n325\\n13\\n1,660\\n30\\n6,15n\\n2,768\\n896\\n4,911\\n8 836\\n3,175\\n12,076\\n3\\n3,221\\n2 393\\n899\\n334\\n1,450\\n4,089\\n228\\n2,233\\n9,801\\n1,896\\n2,561\\n35,234\\n80,170\\n47,127\\n80,240\\n38,117\\n60,610\\n111,232\\n51,339\\n52,328\\n44,434\\n73.943\\n66,429\\n33,815\\n52,986\\n78,465\\n48,942\\n5,385\\n54,850\\n78,115\\n91,357\\n93,100\\n12,257\\n105,889\\n73,070\\n94,645\\n76,377\\n37,252\\n61,777\\n49,339\\n54,456\\n36,818\\n78,333\\n114,331\\n20,097\\n55,100\\n31,016\\n85,296\\n78,307\\n57,491\\n48,206\\n119,205\\n109,926\\n41,354\\n106,905\\n188,224\\n51,437\\n49,866\\n78,764\\n61,841\\n84,677\\n82,995\\n71,993\\n115,119\\n32,123\\n80,776\\n42,110\\n93,557\\n31,365\\n53,165\\n81,370\\n116,791\\n166,584\\n28,710\\n66,299\\n67,391\\n83,425\\n104,20;\\n76,407\\n44,378\\n85,558\\n60,976\\n9,868\\n151,13\\n51,045\\n131,620\\n171,791\\n120,333\\n2,780\\n203\\n5\\n1\\n100\\n210\\n1,005\\n1,66:\\n1\\n223\\n3\\n270\\n28\\n11\\nlOu\\n151\\nlo\\n:h-,rd pro-\\ndollars.\\n20\\n280\\n453\\n11", "height": "3446", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0796.jp2"}, "791": {"fulltext": "Statistics of Georgia.\\n29\\nTABLE XL-AGRICULTURE-FARMS AND IMPLEMENTS, STOCK, PRODUCTS, c.-Continued.\\nPRODUCE DURING TUE TEAR\\nENDING JUNE 1, 1850.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nTobacco,\\npounds of.\\nGinned cot\\nton bales o\\n400 pounds\\neach.\\n1\\nWool,\\npounds of.\\nPeas and\\nbeans,\\nbushels of.\\nIrish\\npotatoes,\\nbushels of.\\nSweet\\npotatoes,\\nbushel 8 of.\\nBarley,\\nbushels of.\\nBuckwheat\\nbushels of.\\nValue of or-\\nchard pro-\\nducts in\\ndollars.\\nTalbot\\n410\\n360\\n13,732\\n5,170\\n321\\n572\\n7,667\\n14,481\\n9,689\\n7,443\\n359\\n5,599\\n394\\n9,994\\n7,445\\n87\\n12,024\\n1,920\\n11,360\\n4,743\\n9,933\\n11,585\\n26,990\\n11,441\\n0,403\\n16,829\\n7,494\\n9,585\\n8,980\\n1,727\\n12,904\\n20,968\\n1,133\\n12,061\\n10,077\\n18,477\\n2,825\\n2,924\\n6,376\\n432\\n878\\n5\\n1\\n162,819\\n29,061\\n46,227\\nl !,25l\\n146,022\\n1.42,884\\n76,323\\n30,867\\n68,71 I\\n40,501\\n103,178\\n44,522\\n123,825\\n112,576\\n24,433\\n59,525\\n99,490\\n444\\n103\\n1\\n$105\\n45\\nTelfair\\n2,204\\n1,190\\n20\\nii, -j;\\n18,819\\n11,447\\n82\\n11,768\\n586\\n18,851\\n4,033\\n61,429\\n18,067\\n457\\n7,929\\n41,337\\n8,729\\n960\\n4,418\\n2,419\\n3,630\\n3,351\\n8\\n3,156\\n429\\n115\\n7,141\\n151\\no\\n68\\n25\\nTwiggs\\n20\\n20\\n195\\nWalker\\n9,795\\n2,100\\n48\\n5\\n88\\n17\\n150\\n1,499\\n664\\n37\\nWilkes\\n20\\n80\\n64\\n18\\nTotal\\n423,924\\n499,091\\n990,019\\n1,142,011\\n227,37916,986,428\\n11,501\\n250\\n92,776\\nTABLE XI.-AGRICULTURE-FARMS AND IMPLEMENTS, STOCK, PRODUCTS, c.-Contmued.\\nPRODUCE\\nDURING\\nTHE\\nYEAR ENDING JUNE 1, 1850.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nWine,\\ngallons\\nof.\\nValue of\\nproduce\\nol mar-\\nket gar-\\ndens.\\nButter,\\npounds\\nof.\\nCheese,\\npounds\\nof.\\nHay,\\ntuns of.\\nClover\\nbushels\\nof.\\nOther\\ngrass\\nsred?.\\nbushels\\nof.\\nHops,\\npounds\\nof.\\nden- -rot-\\ntod,\\nU llS of.\\nA\\n22,549\\n44,448\\n24,484\\n34,985\\n13,458\\n24,278\\n4!), 104\\n31,649\\n14,191\\n47,596\\n95,125\\n59,834\\n10,158\\n48,080\\n66,021\\n91,209\\n2,165\\n86,980\\n1,734\\n1,520\\n228\\n120\\n632\\n5\\n1,376\\n4\\n1,000\\n7\\n115\\n$4,812\\n535\\n10\\n276\\n20\\n12\\n16,295\\n300\\n6,391\\n147\\n7\\n1\\n52\\n3\\n41\\nClark\\n73\\n480\\n44\\n20\\nCobb\\n50\\n4,194\\n747\\n96,671\\n49 064\\n27,237\\n27,841\\n60,779\\n21,371\\n18,460\\n13,478\\n122,946\\n22,780\\n51,672\\n47,321\\n70,539\\n145,314\\n52,833\\n9,939\\n39,063\\n68,412\\n94,821\\n145\\n6\\n4\\n13\\n36\\n645\\n610\\no\\n42\\n730\\n21\\n2\\nElbert\\n5,945\\n100\\n280\\n170\\n1,910\\n20\\n316\\n75\\n41\\n197\\n18,082\\n39\\n150\\n1\\n5\\n5\\n15\\n10\\n25\\n2,913\\n3\\n100", "height": "3438", "width": "1953", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0797.jp2"}, "792": {"fulltext": "30\\nCensus of 1850.\\nTABLE XI.-AGMCTTLTUHE-FARMS AND IMPLEMENTS, STOCK, PRODUCTS, c.-Continued.\\nPRODUCE DVKIXG THE TEAK ENDING JUNE 1, 1850.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nWine,\\ngallons\\noi\\nValue o\\nproduce\\noi mar-\\nket gar-\\ndens.\\nButter,\\npounds\\nOf.\\nCheese,\\npounds\\nof.\\nHay,\\ntons of.\\nClover\\nset d,\\nbushels\\nof.\\nOther\\ngrass\\nseeds,\\nbushels\\nof.\\nHops,\\npounds\\nof.\\nHemp,\\ndew-rot-\\nted,\\ntons of.\\nSH\\n1C\\n61,482\\n71,019\\n75.026\\n72,57-.\\n42,108\\n76,991\\n44,475\\n14,724\\n74,408\\n57,088\\n36,267\\n48,404\\n17,119\\n40,225\\n20,615\\n35,142\\n28,852\\n49.447\\n27,566\\n61,193\\n7,150\\n31,045\\n64,737\\n86,697\\n11,206\\n63.048\\n76,208\\n48,460\\n4 0.3 15\\n133,362\\n40.9IHI\\n67,7H9\\n20,967\\n49.634\\n27.548\\nB2.023\\n32,965\\n93,23.3\\n70.729\\n46,100\\n73,348\\n30,669\\n16.005\\n6 B0\\n24.00]\\n79 06\\n22,110\\n51,501\\n38,692\\n17,857\\n78,473\\n12,77:i\\n80,244\\n41.044\\n10,444\\n71.381\\n2,737\\n107\\n4\\n310\\n2\\n2,134\\n16\\n8\\n12\\nHall\\n80\\n7\\nHarris\\n11\\nHeard\\nHenry\\n25\\n18C\\n2,703\\n19(1\\n20\\n1\\n31\\n2C\\n2\\n23\\n20\\n55\\n1,909\\n4\\nLre\\n295\\n759\\nLowndes\\n44o\\n2,461\\n2 li\\n608\\nMcintosh\\n509\\nMarion\\n3\\n6\\n1,960\\n56\\n340\\n85\\n28\\n12\\n1,310\\n2,167\\n1\\n12.\\n772\\n3\\nPike\\nRabun\\n3,47!\\n21 587\\n2,221\\n104\\n7\\n221\\n24\\n40\\n320\\n546\\n1,599\\n40\\n34\\n90\\n10\\n2\\nTalbot\\n120\\nTatnall\\nTelfair\\n95\\nTroup\\n630\\n3,441\\nTwij [s\\n6,483\\n70\\n3,156\\n10\\n70\\n1,959\\n102\\n5\\nWalker\\n53\\n3\\n7\\nWalton,\\n3\\n490\\n96\\n5\\nWilkes\\n41,107\\nTotal\\n796\\n76,500\\n4,640,559\\n46,976\\n23,449\\n132\\n428\\n261", "height": "3446", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0798.jp2"}, "793": {"fulltext": "Statistics of Geokgia.\\n31\\nTABLE XI.-AGRICULTURE-EARMS AND IMPLEMENTS, STOCK, PRODUCTS, fee-Continued.\\nPKOUUCE DURING THE YEAR ENDING\\nJINE 1,\\n1850.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nH\u00c2\u00abmp,\\nwater-\\nrotted,\\n10119 of.\\nFlax,\\npounds\\nof.\\nFlflXS\\nbushela\\nor.\\nM.K\\ncocoons,\\npounds\\nof.\\nMap c\\nsugar,\\npa .i i\\nof.\\nCane\\nsugar,\\nhbds. ol\\n1,000 lbs\\nMolassee,\\ngallons of.\\nand boney,\\npouni\\nValue of\\nhi Diemade\\nmanufac-\\ntures.\\n17\\n669\\n4,50:\\n10,417\\n4,878\\n2,578\\n195\\n7,930\\n431\\n180\\n10,391\\n13,301\\n1,645\\n12,966\\n$10 785\\n14,051\\n947\\nBibb\\n100\\n7 4 50\\n4\\n30\\n2.99C\\n1,12S\\n3,10S\\n3,811\\n8,441\\n5 673\\n9,715\\n4!\\n7,502\\n16,570\\n27,316\\n4,389\\n3.769\\n13,315\\n6,550\\n300\\n3,891\\n19,070\\n1,217\\n17,872\\n20,120\\n246\\n20\\n5\\nClark\\n1\\n13,621\\n10\\n1,412\\n55,438\\n11,293\\n21,141\\n16,554\\n4,510\\n1,445\\n10,013\\n1.318\\n9,370\\n80S\\n15,128\\n5 5\\n317\\n10.113\\n20,259\\n3,641\\n1,80\\n8,373\\n1,769\\n10,53(1\\n36,627\\n150\\n29 575\\n1 1,289\\n1,475\\n8,104\\n1.3,899\\n159\\n9,561\\n434\\n540\\n3,048\\n6,642\\n25,477\\n4\\n1,457\\n19,729\\n14,761\\nDade\\n70\\n2\\n35\\n65\\n30,703\\n13, 7 20\\n32.284\\n100\\n400\\n1\\n8\\n16\\n22\\n12.26E\\n10,158\\n3,580\\n33,502\\n3,553\\n27,062\\n5\\n21\\n5,564\\n21,436\\n1\\n30,307\\nM\\n57,162\\n105,066\\n1,973\\n57\\n19,997\\n71\\n5,766\\n1\\n30\\n1 5.7 1 2\\n120\\n85\\n2 t\\nHall\\n31,556\\n309\\n1\\n11\\n25,901\\n34,734\\n50\\n70,944\\n23.439\\n8,167\\n7,521\\n37\\n12,134\\n10\\n14\\n27,145\\n1 2\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0200\\n12,782\\n16,455\\n5,205\\n9,190\\n11,640\\n9,302\\nI\\n32,962\\n24\\n4,737\\n8,064\\n198\\n21,721\\n2,026\\n8,212\\n4.10\\n125\\n10\\n30,105\\n35,999\\n340\\n21.050\\n2,180\\n25,210\\n21,276\\n50\\n1\\n505\\n3\\n6\\n7,217\\n3,547\\n13,637\\n21\\n20,571\\n240\\n5,202\\n9\\n5,625\\n47,556\\n100\\n20\\n8,77f\\n1,406\\n3,517\\n18,692\\n556\\n274\\n10,355\\n34.070\\n2,474\\n46,396\\n11,671\\n9,441\\n20\\n15.015\\nOglethorpe\\n18,963\\n10,247\\nPike\\n20\\n41,934\\n1,700\\n7,263\\n9.469\\nRabun\\n1,268\\n45\\n2\\n7.493\\n19,363\\n4\\n31.270\\nRichmond\\n2,351\\nScriven\\n4,585\\n65\\n13,332\\n12.762\\nStewart\\n5\\n15,247\\n20,855\\n50", "height": "3438", "width": "1953", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0799.jp2"}, "794": {"fulltext": "32 Census of 1850.\\nTABLE XI.-AGRICULTTJEE-FARMS AND IMPLEMENTS, STOCK, PRODUCTS, c.-Continued.\\nPRODUCE DURING THE TEAR ENDING JUNE 1, 1850.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nHemp,\\nrotted,\\ntons of.\\nFlax,\\npounds\\nof.\\nSilk\\nflaxseed cocoons,\\nbushels pounds\\nof. of.\\nMttpie\\nsugar,\\npounds\\nof.\\nCane\\nhide, of\\n1,000 lbs.\\nMolasses,\\ngallons of.\\nBeeswax\\nand honey,\\npounds of.\\nValue of\\nhomemade\\nmanufac-\\ntures.\\n50\\n90\\n26,028\\n3,688\\n165\\n30,545\\n766\\n1,949\\n12,278\\n573\\n15,620\\n9,680\\n11,473\\n6,647\\n1,320\\n23\\n11,762\\n$29,698\\n7,819\\n20\\n43\\n109\\n1,426\\n5,319\\n9,312\\n170\\n6,283\\n7,800\\n23,561\\n400\\n6 10\\n23,702\\n15,256\\n1,174\\n53\\n24,665\\n10,477\\n60\\n2\\n11,513\\n59,812\\n2,792\\n94\\n85\\n540\\n9,526\\n13\\n3,818\\n200\\n10\\n24,116\\n2,336\\n16,422\\n50\\n19,875\\n5,387\\n622\\n813\\n50\\n1,642\\n216.150\\n732,514|l, 838,908\\nTABLE XII.-NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS.\\nCharacter.\\nLiterary miscellaneous\\nNeutral and independent\\nPolitical\\nReligious\\nScientific\\nTotal\\nNo.\\nCircula-\\ntion.\\n29,638\\n3,040\\n20.900\\n4,600\\n9,300\\nNo. of copie\\nprinted\\nannually.\\n1,411.976\\n747,340\\n1,491,350\\n239,200\\n181,000\\n67,434! 4,070,866\\nHow often Issued,\\nDaily\\nTri and semi-monthly\\nWeekly\\nMonthly semi-monthly\\nTotal\\nNo.\\nNo. of copies\\nprinted\\nannually.\\n1,086,110\\n146,380\\n2,609,776\\n228,600\\n51! 4,070,866\\nTABLE XHI.-LIBRARIES, OTHER THAN PRIVATE.\\nPUBLIC.\\nSCHOOL.\\nSUNDAY\\nSCHOOL.\\nCOLLEGE.\\nCHURCH.\\nTOTAL.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nNo.\\nVols.\\nNo.\\nVols.\\nNo.\\nVols.\\nNo.\\nVols.\\nNo.\\nVols.\\nNo.\\nVols.\\nBaker\\n1\\n3,000\\n3\\n4,500\\n4\\n7 500\\nBibb\\n5\\n550\\n5\\nClark\\n1\\n1,500\\n3\\n12,001)\\n4\\n13,500\\nClinch\\nCobb\\n1\\n500\\n1\\n500\\n1\\n100\\n1\\n100", "height": "3446", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0800.jp2"}, "795": {"fulltext": "Statistics of Georgia.\\nTABLE XIIL-LIBRARIES, OTHER THAN PRIVATE.-Contimied.\\n33\\nPUBLIC.\\nSCHOOL.\\nSUNDAY\\nSCHOOL.\\nCOLLEGE.\\nCHURCH.\\nTOTAL.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nNo.\\nVols.\\nNo.\\nVols.\\nNo.\\nVols.\\nNo.\\nVols.\\nNo.\\nVols.\\nNo.\\nVols.\\no\\n450\\n2\\n450\\n4\\n4\\n488\\n1\\n200\\n1\\n200\\n1\\n3\\n5,000\\n3\\n5,000\\n200\\n2\\n1\\n2,000\\n1\\n10\\n10\\n1,300\\n1 300\\n1\\nWare\\nTotal\\n3\\n6.500\\n11\\n1,800\\n15\\n1,988\\n9,21 500\\n38\\n31,788", "height": "3438", "width": "1953", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0801.jp2"}, "796": {"fulltext": "34\\nCensus of 1850.\\nTABLE XIV.-CHTTRCHES, CHURCH PROPERTY, c.\\nBAPTIST.\\nCHRISTIAN.\\nCONGREGATIONAL.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nNo. of\\nchurches\\nAggregate\\ndatioua.\\nTotal value\\nof church\\nproperty.\\n$560\\n2,000\\n3,000\\n5,100\\n400\\n1,405\\n10,348\\n2,800\\nNo. of\\nchurches.\\nAggregate\\naccommo-\\ndations.\\nTotal value\\nof church\\nproperty.\\nNo. of\\nchurches.\\nAggregate\\ndations.\\nTotal value\\nof church\\nproperty.\\nAppling\\n10\\n2\\n6\\n4\\n9\\n9\\n7\\n1,050\\n10,000\\n950\\n2,450\\n400\\n2,025\\n3,600\\n3,099\\n1\\n150\\n$400\\nBullock\\n1\\n250\\n$2 700\\n12\\n3\\n12\\n7\\n16\\n7\\n2,950\\n300\\n4,200\\n4,200\\n1,550\\n4,700\\n2,350\\n2,040\\n1\\n200\\n100\\nCarroll\\nCass and Gordon\\n3,300\\n23,000\\n1,800\\n3,485\\n4 650\\nCobb\\n3\\n10\\n12\\n10\\n4\\n3\\n13\\n15\\n9\\n6\\n11\\n13\\n7\\n3\\n16\\n13\\n4\\n1,100\\n5,000\\n5,700\\n3,000\\n300\\n525\\n5,400\\n275\\n2,200\\n1,200\\n5,400\\n2,025\\n2,870\\n900\\n5,050\\n4,050\\n750\\n2,950\\n2.U00\\n6-500\\n3,000\\n100\\n750\\nDade\\n1\\n60\\n50\\nDeKalb\\n3,000\\n3,000\\n6,900\\n1,850\\n1,770\\nElbert\\nFloyd\\n4,015\\n3,350\\n600\\n10\\n14\\n18\\n8\\n7\\n18\\n13\\n20\\n11\\n6\\n5\\n15\\n6\\n10\\n6\\n7\\n6\\n6\\n14\\n21\\n12\\n5\\n4\\n13\\n11\\n16\\n3\\n12\\n17\\n1\\n9\\n10\\n10\\n14\\n8\\n5\\n7\\n16\\n6\\n7\\n17\\n6,800\\n4,050\\n7,200\\n2,800\\n2,500\\n9,400\\n3,900\\n8,450\\n6,300\\n1,300\\n2,000\\n6,100\\n3,200\\n4,000\\n8.005\\n3^500\\n18,000\\n2,150\\n4,700\\n8,500\\n5,100\\n6,250\\n9,050\\n580\\n1,700\\n4,350\\n2,350\\n5,200\\nHall\\n2,100\\n9,600\\n2,850\\n3,750\\n4,200\\n1,175\\n1,350\\n1,100\\n4,250\\n4,450\\n8,000\\n475\\n6,000\\n5,500\\n2,000\\n4,650\\n6,800\\n3,550\\n6,100\\n2,580\\n1,950\\n1,232\\n3,350\\n4 300\\n3,600\\n1,633\\n4,550\\n2,850\\n2,000\\n1,460\\n1,170\\n3,700\\n3,550\\n4,705\\n600\\n190\\n4,800\\n2,460\\n20,000\\n5,000\\n13,500\\n2,695\\n6,510\\n4.205\\n1,750\\n745\\n4,825\\nl son\\nPike.....\\n1\\n500\\n1,500\\nPula ki\\n1\\n800\\n10,000\\n1,400| 13^000\\nfi.nfsn 7 in n\\n11 2,75o| 3,200", "height": "3446", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0802.jp2"}, "797": {"fulltext": "Statistics of Georgia. 35\\nTABLE XiV- CHURCHES, CHTJKCH PEOPEETY, c- Continued.\\nBAPTIST.\\nCHRISTIAN.\\nCONGREGATIONAL.\\nCOUNTIES.\\n\\\\o. of\\nchurches\\nAggregate\\naccommo-\\ndations.\\nTotal value\\nof cburch\\nproperty.\\n$5,200\\n2,000\\nNo. of\\nchurches.\\nAggregate\\ndatum.\\nTotal value\\not church\\nproperly.\\nNo. of\\nchurches.\\nAggregi te\\naccommo-\\ndations.\\nTotal value\\nof church\\npropeity.\\n13\\n3\\n6\\n4\\n8\\n16\\n5,200\\n1,572\\n850\\n400\\n2,900\\n5,650\\nTatna l\\nTelfair\\n400\\n2,850\\n14,900\\nTroup\\n14\\n16\\n23\\n15\\n15\\n15\\n4\\n8\\n13\\n5,880\\n5,000\\n5,000\\nWalker\\n8,050\\n600\\n6,320\\n3,750\\n485\\n4,051)\\n3.000\\n4,850\\n400\\n6,580\\n3,800\\n1,695\\n9,700\\n5,000\\nWilkes\\nTotal\\n879] 319,293\\n390,801\\n5\\n1,7101 812,050\\n1\\n250\\n$2,700\\nTABLE XIV.-CHUECHES, CHUECH PEOPEETY, fcc.-Continued.\\nEPISCOPAL\\nFREE.\\nFRIENDS.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nNo. of\\nchurches\\nAggreg t\\nmotiat s.\\nTotal value\\nof church\\nproperty.\\nNo. of\\nchurches\\nmoiiat s.\\nTotal\\nvalue of\\nchnmb\\nproperty\\nNo. of\\nchurches\\nAggreg t\\nllioJat s.\\nTotal\\nvalue of\\nchurch\\nproperty\\nBaker.\\n1\\n1\\n300\\n300\\n$2,850\\n6,000\\nBibb\\nBryan\\nBullock\\n1\\n200\\n8200\\nButt*\\n1\\n250\\n2,000\\nCarroll\\nCass and Gordon\\n1\\n1\\n500\\n700\\n800\\n35,000\\nChatha m\\nClark\\n1\\n300\\n5,000\\nClinch\\nCobb\\n1\\n550\\n10,000\\nDade\\nDrKalb\\n1\\n175\\n2,000\\nEarly\\n1\\n250\\n800\\nElbert\\n1\\n350\\nForsyth\\nFranklin\\n2\\n250\\n5,900\\n380\\n150\\n1\\n400\\n1,500\\nHall\\nHancock.", "height": "3438", "width": "1953", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0803.jp2"}, "798": {"fulltext": "36\\nCensus of 1850.\\nTABLE XIV.-CHURCHES, CHURCH PROPERTY, c.-Contmued.\\nEPISCOPAL*\\nFREE.\\nFRIENDS.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nNo. of\\nchurches\\nAggreg t\\nmodat s.\\nTotal value\\nof church\\nproperty.\\nNo. of\\nchurches\\nAggreg t\\naccom-\\nmodate.\\nTotal\\nvalue of\\nchurch\\nprope rty\\nNo. of\\nchurches\\nAggreg l\\nmudat s.\\nTotal\\nvalue of\\nchurch\\nproperty\\n2\\n900\\n$2,000\\n1\\n300\\n$1,500\\n1\\no\\n1,000\\n300\\n5,000\\nGO\\n1\\n2.000\\n15,000\\n1\\ni,oou\\n15,000\\nTalbot\\n1\\n400\\n1,500\\n2\\n500\\n$400\\n1\\n250\\n300\\nTotal\\n20\\n9,325\\n109,910\\n6\\n1,730\\n2,6501 2\\n500\\n400", "height": "3446", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0804.jp2"}, "799": {"fulltext": "Statistics of Georgia.\\n37\\nTABLE XXV.-CHURCHES, CHURCH PROPERTY, c.-Continued.\\nLUTHERAN.\\nMETHODIST.\\nMORAVIAN.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nNo. of\\notrarehes\\nAggregate\\ndatious.\\nTotal value\\nof church\\nproperty.\\nNo. of\\nchurches.\\nAggregate\\ndatious.\\nTotal value\\nof church\\nproperty.\\nNo. of\\nchurches.\\nAggregate\\ndations.\\nTotal value\\nchurch\\nproperty.\\n10\\n10\\n1\\n6\\n6\\n1\\n8\\n3\\n6\\n6\\n4\\n8\\n16\\n10\\n1,500\\n9,000\\n600\\n2,040\\n550\\n125\\n2,450\\n1,098\\n7,800\\n1,760\\n250\\n2,000\\n1,600\\n2,300\\n3,150\\n3,700\\nSI, 000\\n1,5110\\n3,000\\n18,700\\n550\\n50\\n3,700\\n1,080\\n3,000\\n970\\n2,000\\n1\\n600\\n$18,000\\n27,800\\n1,750\\n2,725\\n13,700\\n5\\n9\\n11\\n9\\n10\\n5\\n17\\n11\\n6\\n9\\n14\\n4\\n4\\n9\\n12\\n14\\n8\\n2\\n2,300\\n4,500\\n4,850\\n2,700\\n800\\n1,325\\n4,865\\n300\\n900\\n2,025\\n3,600\\n700\\n1,700\\n3,250\\n3,000\\n1,275\\n210\\n5,750\\n1.800\\n5, 00\\n3,600\\n300\\n1,900\\n8,470\\n1\\n400\\n350\\n500\\n7,000\\n3,900\\n620\\n1,200\\n1,610\\n2,450\\n785\\n275\\n5\\n1,575\\n15,750\\n1\\n75\\n825\\n10\\n16\\n19\\n6\\n12\\n13\\n10\\n18\\n12\\n6\\n11\\n8\\n6\\n6\\n2\\n3\\n6\\n8\\n12\\n9\\n3\\n2\\n8\\n9\\n17\\n8\\n6\\n8\\n2\\n18\\n11\\n5\\n11\\n5\\n6\\n6\\n24\\n4\\n6\\n14\\n13\\n4,500\\n4,300\\n7,700\\n3,300\\n3,050\\n4,400\\n3,400\\n5,550\\n5,050\\n950\\n2,000\\n3,500\\n2,800\\n2,100\\n6,000\\n3,650\\n19,000\\n2,450\\n9,650\\n5,450\\n4,300\\n4,065\\n10,850\\n400\\n2,525\\n3,385\\n2,,- 50\\n3,330\\nt\\nIr i\\nY\\nr\\n450\\n1,950\\n1,800\\n1.740\\n2,400\\n900\\n400\\n750\\n2.150\\n2,600\\n6.8U0\\n830\\n3,000\\n2,350\\n5,000\\n5,310\\n5,650\\n1,500\\n4,150\\n860\\n2,400\\n0L8\\n4,450\\n2.61)0\\n1,500\\n4,950\\n2.750\\n500\\n1,033\\n2,500\\n1.320\\n1,810\\n2,000\\n200\\n3,000\\n2,750\\n4,600\\n400\\n280\\n11,300\\n2,375\\n33,000\\n7,920\\n5,900\\n500\\n4,970\\n1,375\\n1,900\\n770\\n7,200\\n18,500\\n14,500\\n6,470\\n4,125\\nr -i\\nT i l\\nJ\\nT 1\\n1\\n\u00c2\u00a350\\n750\\nAT n\\na V\\n,J\\nMr\\nM r\\nM\\nN\\nn en", "height": "3438", "width": "1953", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0805.jp2"}, "800": {"fulltext": "88\\nCensus of 1850.\\nTABLE XIV.-CHURCHES, CHURCH PROPERTY, c.-Continued.\\nLUTHERAN.\\nMETHODIST.\\nMORAVIAN.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nNo. of\\nchurclies\\nAggregate\\ndations.\\nTotal value\\nof church\\nproperty.\\nNo. of\\nchurches.\\nAggregate\\naccommo-\\ndations.\\nTotal value\\nof church\\nproperty.\\nNo. of\\nchurches.\\nAggregate\\naccommo-\\ndations.\\nTotal value\\nof church\\nproperty.\\n8\\n10\\n10\\n8\\n13\\n3,200\\n866\\n1,575\\n1,000\\n2.250\\n5,200\\n$4,250\\n950\\n105\\n1,000\\n2,400\\n10,200\\nTJ\\n9\\n22\\n13\\n8\\n11\\n15\\n4\\n7\\n10\\n4,500\\n5,000\\nw\\n2,575\\n900\\n3,700\\n3,750\\n336\\n2,750\\n2,000\\n2,175\\n450\\n6,770\\n4,500\\n240\\n5,520\\n3,895\\nW\\nW 1\\n1 bl\\nTotal\\nsj 2,825\\n$34,850\\n375\\n237,218\\n393,943\\n1\\n75\\n$25\\nTABLE XIV.-CHURCHES, CHURCH PROPERTY, c.-Continued.\\n1\\nPRESBYTERIAN.\\nROMAN CATHOLIC.\\nUNION.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nNo. of\\nChurches.\\nAggregate\\ndations.\\nTotal value\\nof church\\nproperty.\\nNo. of\\nchurches.\\nAggregate\\ndations.\\nTotal value\\nof church\\nproperty.\\nNo. of\\nchurches.\\ndations.\\nTotal value\\nof church\\nproperty.\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n500\\nCOO\\n500\\n$3,000\\n15,000\\n5,000\\nBibb\\n1\\n300\\n$1,000\\n1\\n2\\n1\\n400\\n700\\n720\\n100\\n300\\n580\\n2,500\\n50\\n1\\n350\\n$300\\n1\\n100\\n1,000\\nCass and Gordon\\n3\\n4\\n1,200\\n1,425\\n1,450\\n1,000\\n1,050\\n1,200\\n81,000\\n2,000\\n800\\n5,400\\n1\\n500\\n20,000\\nClark\\nCobb\\n3\\n1\\n1\\n1,550\\n500\\n1,100\\n300\\n4,250\\n200\\n2,100\\n200\\n1\\n280\\n700\\n600\\n2,450\\n1\\n300\\n500\\nDeKalb\\n1\\n250\\n2,500\\n1\\n500\\n1,500\\nFloyd\\n1\\n400\\nFranklin\\n3\\n775\\n600\\n1\\n250\\n1,000\\n2\\n1,700\\n3,000", "height": "3446", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0806.jp2"}, "801": {"fulltext": "Statistics of Georgia.\\n39\\nTABLE XIV.-CHURCHES, CHTJBCH PROPERTY, c.-Continued.\\nPRESBYTERIAN.\\nROMAN CATHOLIC.\\nUNION.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nXo. of\\nChurches.\\nAcrgrejrate\\n(iations.\\nTotal value\\nof church\\nproperly.\\nNo. of\\nchurches.\\nAggregate\\nuu lions.\\nTotal value\\nof church\\nproperty.\\nNo. of\\nchurches.\\nAggregate\\ndutious.\\nTotal value\\nof church\\nproperty.\\n3\\n1\\n1,700\\n400\\n$2,700\\n1,000\\nHancock\\n5.30\\n4,000\\n1\\n1\\n401\\n1,100\\n451\\n300\\n900\\n2,000\\no\\n1\\n1\\n800\\n400\\n500\\n1,100\\n1 ,200\\n550\\n1\\n726\\n9,000\\n1\\n1\\n150\\n500\\n150\\n600\\n1\\n1\\n550\\n1,200\\n300\\n400\\n800\\n500\\n4,300\\n10U\\n400\\n400\\n1\\n301)\\ni .ioo\\n1\\n1\\n3\\n500\\n800\\n2,0011\\n850\\n800\\n4,000\\n3,000\\n10,000\\n1,075\\n2,300\\n1\\n2,000\\n$10,000\\n2\\n1,000\\n3,250\\n1\\n1 ,500\\n15,000\\n1\\n1\\n350\\n1,200\\n800\\n20,000\\n1\\n600\\n40,000\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n350\\n1,200\\n320\\n900\\n1,200\\n200\\nTaibut\\nTelfair\\nTilimias\\no\\n3\\nCOO\\n1,200\\n400\\n5,000\\nTwiggs\\n12\\n14\\n4,800\\n5,000\\nWalker\\n4\\n1\\n200\\n300\\n3,000\\n250\\nWalton\\nWare\\n1\\n200\\n2,000\\nWilkes\\n1\\n300\\n1,500\\n1\\n300\\n3,000\\nTotal\\n97\\n40,596\\n218,805\\n8\\n4,250\\n79,500\\n30\\n7,250\\n21,100", "height": "3438", "width": "1953", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0807.jp2"}, "802": {"fulltext": "40\\nCensus of 1850.\\nTABLE XIV.-CHURCHES, CHURCH PROPERTY, c. -Continued.\\n1 \\\\l VI I.-n.U.IST.\\nMINOR SECTS.\\nTOTAL.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nTotal\\nvalue 4\\nmtnluc s. church\\nproper!\\nNo. of\\nchurche\\nTotal\\nchurch\\nprupe rt;\\nNo. of\\nchurche:\\nmodul s\\nTotal value\\nof church\\nproperty.\\nr\\n21\\nI\\ni;\\nn\\nit\\nis\\n1C\\ni\\n21\\n1 I\\nI!\\n34\\n1\\n2.551\\n2,501\\n1,451\\n2, 1 51\\n7,251\\ni\\n5,0 1C\\n551\\n5 301\\n91,560\\n12,250\\n17,548\\n3,160\\nBaker\\nBibb\\nBullock\\nBurn\\n7.300\\n7.010\\nChirk\\n1\\nCobb\\n20\\nl:\\nn\\n34\\nli\\n21\\nLI\\n12\\n11\\n30\\n1-J\\n5,501\\nlO.OOl\\n1 2,35(\\n9,\\n3,525\\n22,950\\n4,ooo\\n14,900\\n150\\n3,750\\n1\\nDade\\nDeKalb\\nDooly\\nI i\\nE d\\n3,625\\n1,385\\nGilmer\\n33\\n11\\n21\\n31\\n24\\n40\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2J I\\n12\\n14\\n27\\n15\\n16\\n12\\n9\\n10\\n14\\n23\\n34\\n11\\n12\\n22\\n21\\n36\\n13\\n19\\n27\\n6\\n30\\n23\\n15\\n28\\n13\\n12\\n13\\n44\\n14\\n13\\n33\\n25\\n13.000\\n15,100\\n4\\n10,000\\nIT. 00.5\\n13,950\\n11,215\\n21,000\\n930\\nHall\\nHancock\\nHarris\\nHeard\\nHouston\\n8 530\\nJefferson\\nLaurens\\nLee\\n12,276\\n7,100\\n2,600\\n3.350\\n7, 150\\n1,605\\n13,000\\n11,750\\n3,440\\n9,150\\n10, .-,1)0\\n2,900\\n1 L.375\\n5,8501\\n4,100\\n11 666\\nLiberty\\nLincoln\\nLowi\\n4,410\\n4,210\\nMacon\\n2 170\\nMcintosh\\n12,500\\n6.400\\nMeriwether\\nMonroe\\n6,400\\nMorgan\\n20,100\\n335\\nMurrav\\nMuscogee\\nNewton\\n13.995\\n21,700\\n3,195\\n16,230\\n5,580\\n18.650\\nOglethorpe\\nPaulding\\nPike........\\nPulaski\\nPutnam\\nEiabnn\\nRandolph\\n1\\n300\\n400\\n2\\n700.\\n1,200\\n14,425\\n122,000\\n8ci iven\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0jr.. n\\nStewart\\nSumter.\\n1\\n350\\n1\\n100\\n13,930", "height": "3534", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0808.jp2"}, "803": {"fulltext": "Statistics of Georgia.\\nTABLE XTV- CHURCHES, CHURCH PROPERTY, c.-Continued.\\n41\\nI XITEKSALM.\\nMIXOR SECTS.\\nTOTAL.\\nCOUNTIES.\\nNo. of\\nchurches\\ngrog 1\\ntii-xiat s.\\nTotal\\nvalue of\\nchurch\\nproperty.\\nXo. of\\nchurches\\nAgtjreg\\nmodat s\\nTotal\\nvalue of\\nchurch\\nproperty.\\nXo. of Aocoouno-\\nchurches tlutious.\\nTotal value\\nof church\\nproperly.\\n25 10,000\\n7 2,758\\n$12,150\\n3,150\\n105\\n1,400\\n30,100\\n5,000\\n1,975\\n10.400\\n3,000\\n850\\n15,350\\n8,600\\n19,720\\n8,895\\nTelfair\\n14\\n18\\n32\\n12\\n28\\n21\\n49\\n32\\n15\\n27\\n31\\n8\\n17\\n1,400\\n5,750\\n12,050\\n4, SOU\\n5 880\\n10,000\\n6,705\\n11,325\\n1,500\\n10,220\\n7,750\\n821\\nr\\n3\\n400\\n$275\\nWare\\nWarren\\nWilkes\\nWilkinson\\n23 S nun\\nTotal\\n3\\n900\\nSi 000\\n7\\n1,275\\n1 ,625\\n627,197\\n1,269 359", "height": "3474", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0809.jp2"}, "804": {"fulltext": "I", "height": "3462", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0810.jp2"}, "805": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3438", "width": "1953", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0811.jp2"}, "806": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3462", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0812.jp2"}, "807": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3438", "width": "1953", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0813.jp2"}, "808": {"fulltext": "o\\nC", "height": "3462", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0814.jp2"}, "809": {"fulltext": "p\\n*f*\\n_\\n-A*", "height": "3438", "width": "1953", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0815.jp2"}, "810": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3467", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00whit_0816.jp2"}}