{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3612", "width": "2298", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "FAHI.Y HISTORY OF GEORGIA,\\nKMBUA n :i the\\nKM r ASSY OF SIR ALEXANDER CUMIKG\\nCOUMRY OF THE CHEROKEES,\\nIn the Year 1730.\\nWith a Map of the Chekokee Country, from a Draft\\nMADE KY THE TnDIAXS.\\nA ,.:per read in substance before the New-Engl md Historic, Genealogical Sod y,\\nFebruary, 1872, by Samcei, G. Drake, M.A.\\nBOSTON:\\nI KINTED 15Y D^VVID C I, P P .v O\\n18 7 2.\\n1R90", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": ".\\\\3. f/\u00e2\u0080\u009e /;,,rr /irn,,/ rr,//r,/ Mi/ji/ji ^ii ,ir,\\nI.J III//,,/ rii/i/ /\u00e2\u0080\u009e,-,f, fi,\u00e2\u0080\u009e,l ,y i/\\nriiii.i I,,/, 1/ /r/r,r//ir ,i\u00e2\u0080\u009e,,/\u00e2\u0080\u009e;i r/ f/iir\\n\u00e2\u0080\u009e,\u00e2\u0080\u009e/ll /,\u00e2\u0080\u009e\u00e2\u0080\u009e//i,\\nI ligimrii/ivu, \u00e2\u0080\u009en huliini Bnm^/U Iv ATn.i/iskrfYh", "height": "2035", "width": "2321", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "EARLY HISTORY OF GEORGIA,\\nEMBRACING THE\\nEMBASSY OF SIR ALEXANDER CUMING\\nCOUNTRY OF THE CHEROKEES,\\nIn the Year 1730.\\nWith a Map of the Cherokee Country, from a Draft\\nmade by the indians.\\nA paper read in substance before the New- England Historic, Ge^iealogical Society,\\nFebruaiy, 1872, by Samuel G. Drake, A.M.\\nReprinted, with additions, from the Neiu-England Historical and Genealogical Register for July, 1872.\\nBOSTON:\\nPRIKTED BY DAVID CLAPP SOW,\\n187 2.", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "EARLY HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nBefore proceeding to give an account of the labors of Sir Alexander\\nCuming, it is proposed to notice briefly the country since known as Georgia.\\nOf the tribes of Indians scattered over it, the Cherokees were, at the time\\nit was taken possession of by the English, the principal. In the year 1733,\\nwhen Gen. Oglethorp brought his colony there, he was received by the\\nLower Creeks, then consisting of eight tribes or clans, delegates from all of\\nwhich were in attendance on the landing of the first colonists. These wel-\\ncomed the English, and gave them all the land in their country except what\\nthey themselves used. This was the usual custom of the Indians every-\\nwhere, north as well as south, and establishes the fact, that before Europeans\\ntaught the aborigines the value of land, they placed no such importance upon\\nit as we do for they used it only while it afforded them game and a few\\nother natural means of living. When these failed they abandoned it, and it\\nwas free for others to possess. Hence it will be perceived that the limits\\nassigned to a tribe or nation of Indians were very uncertain. Territory\\nwas often, if not generally, acquired by one tribe dispossessing another.\\nRivers, mountains, c., became boundaries, because they were natural\\ndefences as well.", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "4 EARLY HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nWe are informed by one of the most elaborate writers on the Cherokees\\nand their country, Mr. James Adair, who had lived among the Cherokees\\nforty years, namely, from 1735 to 1775, that their country was in latitude\\n34 deg. north, 340 miles north-west of Charlestown 140 miles W. S. W.\\nfrom the Katahba nation, and almost 200 to the north of the Muskohge or\\nCreek country. They were settled on nearly an east and west course, about\\n140 miles in length from the lower towns where fort Prince George stands,\\nto the late unfortunate Fort Loudon [on the southerly bank of the\\nTennessee, opposite Tellico]. They were a very numerous and potent\\nnation forty years ago had sixty-four towns and villages. And according to\\nthe most intelligent old traders of that time, they amounted to 6000 fighting\\nmen. This author having taken it into his head that these Indians were\\none of the lost ten tribes of Israel, finds, or fancies he finds a Hebrew I oot\\nin almost every word of their language while we doubt not that with quite\\nas much plausibility it might be made to appear that the Sandwich Islanders,\\nNew-Zealanders, or any of the nations of Polynesia are descended from\\nthe Cherokees.\\nThe Cherokees were divided into upper, middle, and lower towns. The\\nupper and middle towns were almost constantly at war with the northern\\nIndians, while the lower towns were at war with other tribes on their\\nborders, as the Muskogees, Catawbas, c. Thus they were continually\\nwasted away, insomuch that at the close of the French war in 1760, ihej\\nnumbered but about 2300, which is Major Rogers s estimate. As late as\\n1795, they occupied 43 towns, and the number of warriors is put down at\\n2500. When Mr. Imlay collected his valuable materials on the south-west,\\nhe placed the country of the Cherokees between the Great Bend of\\nTenasee, and the ridge of hills called the Allegany mountains, the western\\nlimits of Georgia, and the eastern branches of the Mobile, and estimated\\nthem the same as Major Rogers had done.\\nThe Cherokee country was one of the finest in the world. When Dr.\\nMorse visited it in 1822, by order of the United States government, he re-\\nmarked, Although large tracks have been purchased by our government\\nof this tribe, at different times, their territory is now supposed to comprise\\n10,000,000 acres, sufficient to fill a S2:)ace 150 miles by 100 wide which is\\nlarger than the three states of Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecti-", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "EARLY HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\ncut united. And sucli was the country upon which the eye of cupidity\\nrested, nor could it ever be diverted, by Cliristian or other considerations,\\nuntil its owners were driven from it at the point of the bayonet a few years\\nlater when they had not only been taught by us the value of their land,\\nhow to use it by becoming cultivators of its soil, and thus depend on it for\\nsupport\\nIn this connection one can hardly forbear making a few remarks respect-\\ning the materials for a history of Georgia as we find almost nothing re-\\nspecting that territory prior to the arrival of General Oglethorp with his\\ncompany of emigrants, collected mainly from the debtors prisons of the\\nmetropolis of the British empire. We have indeed histories of Georgia,\\nand historical collections concerning that State. Into these one naturally\\nlooks for the earliest notice of the territory but he looks only to be dis-\\nappointed.\\nWhatever of history there was of Georgia before the setting out of Ogle-\\nthorp would very properly be narrated in a history of South Carolina. But\\nfrom Montgomery to Simms we have nothing new throwing light on the\\nante-Oglethorp times. The former author published in 1717, and the latter\\nin 1859. As an apology for Montgomery it may be mentioned that his\\nwork does not pretend to be a regular history yet its title may lead the\\nreader to expect more than its author intended reminding us of the old\\nauthor who, in the preface to his work, cautioned the reader not to expect\\ntoo much, lest it should prove to be like a mean structure with lofty and\\nelegant portals.\\nTo commence the history of Georgia with the colony under Oglethorp,\\nwould be extremely like beginning the history of New-England, jumping\\nover all the early voyages and other transactions which led to its settle-\\nment. The general himself refers to previous transactions of a deeply\\ninteresting character. In his address immediately after his arrival (in 1733)\\nhe says, There was a time, when every day brought fresh advices of\\nmurders, ravages, and burnings. The historian of Georgia is expected, at\\nleast, to refer to these matters.\\nThe principal object of this paper is to detail an early embassy to the\\ncovmtry of the Cherokee Indians the chief authority for which is a MS.\\nwritten by Sir Alexander Cuming, Bart., in the year 1755, the ambassador", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "6 EAELY HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nhimself. This MS. came into the writer s hands by purchase from a Lon-\\ndon bookseller. Accompanying it was a paper, stating that it once belonged\\nto the great Shaksperian scholar, Isaac Read, Esq., from whom it passed\\ninto the keeping of George Chalmers, Esq., best known in this country by\\nhis great work, Tlie Political Annals of the United Colonies S^c, a stout\\nquarto, London, 1780.\\nSir Alexander Cuming, Bart., was a son of a gentleman of the same\\nname and title, and was probably born at the paternal seat of the Cumings,\\nof Culter, in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, about the year 1692. His father\\nwas created a baronet, Feb. 28, 1695, and was succeeded in the baronetcy\\nby this son. He was designee! for the profession of law, and spent some\\ntime in its practice in his native Scotland. How he came connected with\\nthe affixirs of Georgia, does not fully appear possibly through the agency\\nof Sir Robert Montgomery his countryman. Certain it is, however, that\\nup to the year 1732, the tract of country since Georgia was a wilderness\\nwaste, with the Spaniaixls on its southerly and the French on its westerly\\nborders. These were using every effort to monoj)olize the Indian trade, and\\nhad been very successful. Notwithstanding the treaty of peace signed at\\nSeville, Oct. 28, 1729, between the English, French and Spaniards, it\\nscarcely amounted to a truce. However it was thought a favorable time to\\nestablish a trade among the Cherokees, and to secure them to the English\\ninterest. To effect this very important object. Sir Alexander Cuming was\\nsent over as an ambassador in 1730; and from certain passages in his MS. it\\nwould seem that the affair was kept secret until his return, as no account is\\nfound of his preparation or departure upon the service, although arrange-\\nments had probably been made for it as early as 1728. It would seem also\\nfrom the same source, that the stupendous financial projects of John Law\\nhad caused a great panic in England, inasmuch as those projects were for\\nthe advancement of the French nation in its strides towards universal em-\\npire so much feared and dreaded for a considerable period by a large class\\nin Eno-land. As an offset to this gigantic scheme of Law, the great South\\nSea Company was set on foot. In this Sir Alexander became interested,\\nbut to what extent he does not state but his connection with it, judging\\nfrom what he does say, did not improve his fortune. He tells us, that in\\nthe year 1719, he was un voluntarily called from his business of the law", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "EARLY HISTOEY OF GEORGIA. 7\\nof Scotland in order to examine the nature of those principles which were\\nformed by John Law to aggrandize the power of France, and to set her up\\nabove that of all other nations upon the face of the globe. The principles\\nthen recommended by him had so intoxicating an effect as to create an epi,\\ndemical distemper which seemed to turn the heads of all Europe, and occa-\\nsioned the budding forth of several lesser schemes which proved the ruin\\nof many thousands here in England. Among the lesser schemes was\\nthat already mentioned, usually known as the South Sea Bubble. Although\\nSir Alexander does not acknowledge himself one of the victims of that\\ngreat swindle, it is pretty evident that he was and although he writes like\\nan honest man, it is pretty clear that he was somewhat visionary asserting\\nat one time that by proper management, the Cherokee country would pay\\nthe national debt of England in twenty years. But before he broached this\\nscheme he seems to have had another, which may be best understood by\\npresenting it in his own words premising that for six years he appears to\\nhave been floundering in the John Law scheme and the South Sea Bubble,\\nwhich bring his history to midsummer 1725. And then, he says, it\\nbecame requisite to pursue the notions I had acquired, and to extend my\\nviews to remedy the inconveniencies which Law s schemes had promoted,\\nand procured. The settlement of a college in Bermudas seemed to me the\\nmost rational way to stem the torrent of that stream which was then issuing\\nforth from France to overflow all our settlements on the continent of Ame-\\nrica. Sir Alexander s argument for this college was, that by it the native\\nIndians being instructed and taught a veneration for the customs, man-\\nners and laws of our country, they would be the properest instruments\\nto secure their countrymen to our interest against the French, our most\\npowerful enemies. The question may very likely have occurred to some\\nof the well informed of that day, where Sir Alexander would obtain his\\nIndian students, for there were no Indians in Bermuda, and we are told by the\\nearly voyagers to the Island, that there never were any on the island, or none\\nwhen discovered. Hence it doubtless seemed preposterous to go into the wil-\\nderness of America to procure scholars to be educated some hundreds of miles\\noff in the ocean. Yet, however preposterous this scheme was, it seems to\\nhave been a favorite one with others as well as with Sir Alexander for it\\nappears that an expedition actually sailed for that object, under the leader-", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "8 EARLY HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nship of Dean Berkely, in September, 1728 but it soon returned, not able to\\novercome the obstacles it encountered. The Dean was more successful the\\nfollowing year, when he came to Rhode Island. Although it does not aj^pear\\nthat Sir Alexander s college notion met with much if any favor, yet his\\nfriends were inclined to do something for him and accordingly he was re-\\ncommended to the Ministry as a suitable gentleman for governor of Bermudas.\\nThis recommendation was by the Rt. Hon. the Earl of Islay, his Grace the\\nDuke of Argyll and Greenwich, backed in a very emphatical manner by\\nthe Rt. Hon. Sir Paul Metheuin, the most distinguished Knight of the Round\\nTable upon the revival of the order of the Knights of the Bath. [Sir Paul\\nwas treasurer of the king s household.]\\nNotwithstanding this high recommendation Sir Alexander did not secure\\nthe place, and how he was employed for the next two years does not appear,\\nbut upon the accession of George II. (1727) to the throne he ajDpealed\\ndirectly to him, reminding him that his [Sir Alexander s] father had on a\\ncertain time saved the life of his majesty. The king, in acknowledgment of\\nthe circumstance, ordered the secretary at war to notify him when any va-\\ncancy happened that was suitable for this applicant. This was about two\\nyears before the embassy to the Cherokees was undertaken, and hence the\\nconclusion is arrived at, that Sir Alexander s appointment was in consequence\\nof the circumstance just alluded to.\\nWe do not find in our examination of documents any notice of the depar-\\nture of Sir Alexander and his party but of his arrival in the Cherokee coun-\\ntry and subsequent transactions, there is a minute account, which it is now\\nproposed to sketch. That no record is found of the sailing of the embassy\\nmay be accounted for upon the hypothesis that it was secretly undertaken\\nfor apparent reasons then existing. News had reached England, that about\\nthe middle of March, 1729, an army of Carolinians, consisting of 100 white\\nmen and 100 Indians, had killed thirty-two Yomassee Indians and a fryar,\\nburnt their town, and driven others into the castle at St. Augustine that\\nan alliance was formed between the Creeks and Cherokees against the Eng-\\nlish, and that in this aspect of affairs the English traders did not dare to\\nresume their business among them. This was the state of things when Sir\\nAlexander Cuming arrived in Charles Town. Nothing daunted, how-\\never, he left that place for the interior, on the 13th of March, 1730, and in", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "EARLY HISTORY OF GEORGIA. 9\\nten days arrived at Keeakwee, 300 miles from Charleston. By the way he\\nlearned that the Cherokees were governed by seven Mother Towns These\\nwere Tannassie, Kettooah, Ustenary, Telliquo, Estootowie, Keyowee, and\\nNoyohee. These towns had each their king, but at this time the kings of\\nbut three of the towns were alive, namely, those of Tannasee in the upper\\nsettlements of Kettooah in the middle and of Ustenary in the lower.\\nBesides a king, or head man, each town had a head warrior.\\nOn the 3d of April, Sir Alexander was at Telliquo with his company^\\nwhich consisted of Eleazar Wiggan, Ludovick Grant, Samuel Brown, Wil-\\nliam Cooper, Agnus Macpherson, Martin Kane, David Dowie, George\\nHunter, George Chicken, Lacklain Mackbain, Francis Baver, and Joseph\\nCooper, all British subjects. Here, at this time and place, Moytoy (of\\nTelliquo) was chosen emperor over the whole Cherokee nation, and unlim-\\nited power was conferred upon him.\\nWhen Sir Alexander had arrived at a point about 100 miles from Charles-\\nton, he was informed by a Capt. Russel, that for two years the French had\\nbeen endeavoring to seduce the Lower Cherokees to their interests that\\none Whitehead, a native of Paris, was the French agent. But here our\\ndocuments take us a step back, in the detail of Sir Alexander s journey in\\nthe Indian country. It was about five o clock in the afternoon that he\\nset out from Mr. James Kinloch s plantation at New Gilmorton, being 23\\nmiles from Charles Town. He was attended by Mr. George Chicken, be-\\nsides Alexander Muckele, Aaron Cheesbrook, and Powel, pack-horse men\\nbut the pack-horse men having got drunk, and overturned the baggage, these\\nwere left behind, and Sir Alexander proceeded with only Mr. Chicken and\\nMr. George Hunter, and lay that night at Mr. Alexander Kinlock s house\\nat Wampee, 14 miles from his brother James s. On the 14th the party\\nreached Mr. Neilson s, about 20 miles from their last named place. During\\nthis day s march Sir Alexander employed much of it in searching for springs,\\nponds and minerals. The 15th they made 35 miles, and stopped at the\\nhouse of Mr. Coxe. Here Sir Alexander met Mr. William Cooper, a bold\\nman well skilled in the Cherokee language, who engaged to meet him on the\\nnext day, and attend him to the Cherokee mountains. March 16, they\\nreached Capt. Russel s before mentioned, but 10 miles from their stopping\\nplace having spent much time in search of curiosities. Among those dis-\\n2", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "10 EARLY HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\ncovered was a cave. They went into it. Mr. Hunter, Mr. Chicken and Mr.\\nCoxe made marks to show that they had been there and Sir Alexander cut\\nupon a stone on the left hand of it King George II., of Great Britain,\\nwrote by S. A. C. He also discovered some iron stone, which was one\\ngreat end of his going in person to the mountains, not being able to depend\\nupon the truth of any report he had heard in Carolina. Here his drunken\\npack-horse men came up. Two of those he discharged, and hired James\\nAnderson in j^lace of them. The 17th, more iron ore was discovered. On\\nexamining it Mr. Hunter found it yielded one third iron. Here Joseph\\nFairclough told Sir Alexander, privately, of a discovery he had made of\\ncopper, about 450 miles from the Catarba nation, and oiFered to conduct him\\nto it, but Sir Alexander said his intent in going to the Cherokee mountains was\\nmore than answered by the discoveries already made, besides the getting\\nroots for the bites of snakes so he proceeded to Beaver Creek, and en-\\ncamped under a tree some 18 miles from Capt. Russel s.\\nMarch 18. After procuring several roots for the cure of the bites of\\nsnakes the party went on to the Congarees, where they again encamped un-\\nder a tree, distance about 20 miles. Here happened something remarka-\\nble Capt. How, a chief of the Catarba nation, by his manner towards Sir\\nAlexander, whom Sir A. had made his friend, ordered his men to salute\\nhim with feathers, said they would dance round him all night, and\\nwould make him a present of all their skins but understanding that the\\ndancing would disturb, instead of gratifying Sir Alexander, he ordered his\\nmen to desist, and withdrew and shot a turkey for his supper.\\nMarch 19. William Cooper returned according to promise, but Sir Alex-\\nander was plagued because Mr. Chicken had taken away his guide to catch\\na runaway horse, by which a great part of the morning was lost so he left\\nMr. Chicken and Mr. Hunter and the pack-horse men behind at the 18 mile\\nBranch, and proceeded with William Cooper only to Hollow Creek branch,\\nbeing 30 or 35 miles from Congarees. The following day they went to\\nNinety-six Mile Swamp, where William Cooper s horse was found lame.\\nIt rained heavily all night, while they had only trees for shelter the wolves\\nmaking the most hideous howls all about them. Thus ended the 20th of\\nMarch, on which they had journeyed 38 or 40 miles. On the 21st they\\nreached Long Cane [now in Abbeville county, S. C], 30 or 35 miles. This", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "EARLY HISTORY OF GEORGIA. 11\\nday William Cooper killed a buffalo, a viper, a fox squirrel, and wounded\\nthree wolves. These attacked their great dog, and were not beaten off till\\nthey had nearly killed him, tearing out part of his entrails. On the way Sir\\nAlexander found some small stones which shined like gold, and passed Mar-\\nrowbone Creek, where a Cherokee the last year killed the Cheekipaw by\\nMr. Weekly s side. [Who Mr. Weekly was, does not appear.]\\nMarch 22. They reached Boggy Gully, 36 or 40 miles from Long Cane,\\nand encamped in the woods having as usual examined the country for\\nminerals and other curiosities by the way. From this point they went to\\nKeeowee, which they reckoned 20 miles [in the jjresent county of Pendle-\\nton]. Here Sir Alexander learned more particulars respecting the hostile\\ndisposition of the Cherokees especially the Lower Towns that the Lower\\nCreeks were in the French interest, and were exerting themselves to seduce\\nthe Cherokees to join them that but a month before those emissaries had\\ngone to receive presents from the French, and upon their return it was\\nexpected that the Cherokees would join them against the English. A great\\nnumber of the Indians were assembled in their Council-House here at this\\ntime. Among these Sir Alexander was resolved to make a bold push. So\\nat night he entered their Council-House, where were above three hundred\\nof them. Surprised at the audacity of the stranger, who demanded their\\nacknovv ledgment of the king of England s authority over them and their\\ncountry, they at once submitted, and said they would obey him in every-\\nthing Sir Alexander called them to make this submission on their knees,\\nprotesting that if they violated this promise they would become no jieojile\\na submission they never made before either to God or man. Sir Alexander,\\nupon this great event, ordered expresses to be sent through the whole Che-\\nrokee nation, directing that three head men should meet him at Nequassee on\\nthe 3d of April, where he proposed to be on his return from the mountains\\nThat these head men should bring full power from the three settlements that\\nwhat had been promised should be performed. The Indian traders at Ne-\\nquassee who were eye-witnesses, and Joseph Cooper the interpreter, having\\ndeclared that what they heard and saw done that night, was so incredible,\\nthat they would not have believed it possible had they not seen it them-\\nselves that nobody in Carolina would believe their report to be true, for\\nthat he (the interpreter) declared that if he had known what Sir Alexander", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "12 EARLY HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nwas going to do, he would not have dared to enter the council-house that\\nnight, nor would the traders have ventured to witness the proceedings\\nbelieving that none of them could have got out alive but the Indians\\nbeing taken by surprise, and amazed at the manner of Sir Alexander, at\\nonce submitted to whatever he demanded. He stood up in the midst of\\nthem and made his speech through the interpreter and though armed with\\nthree cases of pistols, a gun and a sword under his great coat, it is not re-\\nported that he flourished any of these to awe the savages.\\nAs there was a possibility that he might not live to return to England,\\nto report his successes. Sir Alexander drew up a declaration of the whole pro-\\nceedings, to be sent to his majesty in case any accident might happen to him.\\nThis declaration was witnessed by himself, Joseph Cooper, interpreter\\nLudovick Grant, Joseph Barker, Gregory Haines, David Jenkinson, Thomas\\nGoodale, William Cooper, guide William Hutton, and John Biles. Dated\\nMay 23, 1729-30, at Keeowee.\\nOn March 24, Sir Alexander went on 12 miles to Occounny. [Oconee\\nis a town on the river of the same name, the north main branch of the\\nAlatamaha.] Here he slept at Mr. Dawie s, an Indian trader and observed\\nthat a solemnity was acting in the council-house, about creating a new king.\\nOn the 25th he proceeded through Keeowee, Chattoogah, Tucharreehee, the\\nClay-pits, and lay at old Estatoway. Here he made a friend of the head\\nwarrior. His discoveries this day quite suri^rised him [but he does not record\\nwhat they were]. From Estoway [szc] he proceeded on the 26th of March,\\nto Nooulf kah, where he made a friend of Hercvxles [an Indian jdowow or\\nmedicine man] got the secret of his several roots for distempers met on\\nthe way the conjuror Toogabow, and made a friend of him then went by\\nEchvey to Neguassee, where he met Telloquoluftokay, and made a friend\\nof him thence to Joree, where he passed the night. [Jore is one of the\\nCherokee mountains.] Here he met Caesar s brother, who discovered the\\nIndian s plot to massacre the English [in 1715? See Mills s S. C, 487-8];\\nwith him he had some talk. At this place Sir Alexander discovered a\\ntransparent stone.\\nMarch 27, the party left Joree, passed through Tamauchly, and thence to\\nTassetchee, being 40 miles. This day s journey was over the steep moun-\\ntains of Joree here Sir Alexander made the two head warriors and the", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "EARLY HISTORY OF GEORGIA. 13\\nconjuror his friends, and spoke about their accompanying him to England.\\nThe night following happened the most terrible thunder, lightning and rain\\ninsomuch that the like never happened before in the memory of any of\\nthem here their great conjuror told Sir Alexander that he knew he was\\ncome among them to rule, and that their whole nation must do whatever he\\nbid them. [It is elsewhere intimated that this fearful tempest was very\\nopportune, and was turned to good account by Sir Alexander, with the aid\\nof the conjuror.] On the 28th of March he was within 3 miles of Beaver-\\ndams, where he spent the night Ludovick Grant, and liis guide, William\\nCooper, being with him. This day he discovered some iron stone at two\\ndifferent places.\\nMarch 29, they proceeded over the mountains, drank some of the water\\non the top of the liigh Ooneekaway mountain, near which was a large tree\\ncalled the poisoned pear. From the top of this mountain to Telliquo is a\\ndescent of about 12 miles. They reached Telliquo in the afternoon; saw\\nthe petrifying cave a great many enemy s scalps brought in and put upon\\npoles at the warrior s doors made a friend of the great Moytoy, and Jacob\\nthe conjuror. Moytoy told Sir Alexander, that it was talked among the\\nseveral towns last year, that they intended to make him emperor over the\\nwhole but now it must be whatever Sir Alexander pleased.\\nMarch 30, leaving William Cooper at Great Telliquo, to take care of his\\nlame horse, Sir Alexander took with him only Ludovick Grant to go to\\nGreat Tannassy, a town pleasantly situated on a branch of the Mississipjii,\\n1 6 miles from Great Telliquo. [It is not easy to see by any of the maps to\\nwhich we have access, how there could be any water course where Sir Alex-\\nander now was with Mississippi.] The path was said to be lined with ene-\\nmies, yet they met with no accident. Here Sir Alexander met with Mr.\\nWiggan, the complete linguist saw fifteen enemies scalps brought in by\\nthe Tannassy warriors made a friend of the king of Tannassy, and made\\nhim do homage to George II. on his knee. The same night returned to\\nGreat Telliquo was particularly distinguished by Moytoy in the Council-\\nhouse the Indians singing and dancing about him, and stroked his liead\\nand body over with eagles tails. After this Moytoy and Jacob the conjuror\\ndecided to present Sir Alexander with the crown of Tannassy.\\nFrom Telliquo he proceeded on March 31, with Moytoy, Jacob the con-", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "14 EARLY HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\njuror, the bearer of eagles tails, and a throng of other Indians, and lay in\\nthe woods at night between 20 and 30 miles distant. Ajiril 1, they reached\\nTassetchee, above 30 miles fi-om their last encampment. Here the Indians\\nof the place agreed to what had been done in relation to the crown of Tan-\\nnassy, declaring that it was an emblem of universal sovereignty over the\\nCherokee nation. The next day, April 2, they proceeded to Joree, with\\nincreased numbers, particularly by the warriors and conjuror of Tasset-\\nchee. The journey lay over several steep mountains, near 40 miles.\\nWhen about a mile from Joree, Sir Alexander was met by Mr. George\\nChicken, Mr. Hunter, and several English traders on horseback, who\\nconducted him to the town. Here the head warrior of Joree had procured\\nhim a specimen of iron ore which he had obtained from a steep craggy moun-\\ntain, six miles from there. This the warrior had promised when Sir Alex-\\nander passed through the place previously, but nobody expected he would\\nperform it but the warrior said he would, though his death should follow\\nthereupon. [There was no doubt a superstition prevailing among the\\nIndians that no one could ascend that mountain and return alive.]\\nApril 3, This morning they went to Nequassee, being 5 miles from\\nJoree, with an increased retinue. Here the Indians gathered from all parts,\\nagreeably to notice to do so, ex^aressed from Keeowee. This was a day of\\nthe greatest solemnity ever seen in the country There was singing, danc-\\ning, feasting, speeches, the creation of Moytoy emperor a declaration of\\ntheir resigning their crown, eagles tails, scalps, as emblems of their owning\\nKing George s sovereignty, at the desire of Sir Alexander Cuming, in whom\\nabsolute power was jjlaced, without which he could not be answerable to\\nhis majesty for their conduct. This submission he caused them to make on\\ntheir knees. Then Sir Alexander caused a paper to be drawn up detailing\\nthe event, which was witnessed by himself, Eleazar Whiggam, Ludovick\\nGrant, Samuel Brown, William Cooper, Agnus INIackferson, David Dowie,\\nFrancis Beaver, Lachban Macbain, George Hunter, George Chicken, and\\nJoseph Cooper, interpreter, besides the Indians [whose names are not givenj.\\nThe next day, April 5, Sir Alexander went to Nooulf kah, attended only\\nby William Cooper and George Hunter, leaving George Chicken to follow.\\nHere he received roots of all kinds, which had ever been held as the greatest\\nsecrets by the Indians. He then went to Chattoogay and lay at the house", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "EARLY HISTORY OF GEORGIA. 15\\nof Josei^h Cooper s mother on the 6th, they went to Ookunny [since\\nOconee], where Sir Alexander found a house ready built to receive him.\\nThe king or head man here was called the mankiller, being the same made\\nking at Ookunny (the same with the king of Keeowkee), and the prince of\\nTomassy. They came to Sir Alexander and presented him with two eagles\\ntails, and on their knees paid homage to King George 11. The same night\\nthey got to Keeowee, having looked for mines and minerals on the way.\\nThis is the last town of the lower settlements of the Cherokee nation. Six\\nchiefs whom Sir Alexander had chosen accompanied him selected with\\nMoytoy s consent as evidences of what had taken place Mr. Hunter, Mr.\\nChicken, and the pack-horse men, made up the rest of the company. This\\ntown (Keowee) is about 200 miles from Great Tannassy, and about 300\\nfrom Charles Town but by reason of the mountains Tannassy is recorded\\nas far distant as Charles Town. This night they all lay at Twenty-three\\nMile-Creek.\\nApril 8, Sir Alexander left the Lidians and baggages to proceed to Charles\\nTown at leisure, and lay at Mulberry Creek, with Mr, George Chicken, and\\nWilliam Cooper, the guide, being about 40 miles fi-om their last encampment.\\nThe following night they lay at Salloodee river, 48 miles from Mulberry\\nCreek. April 10, they lay at Congarees, 38 or 40 miles from Mulberry\\nCreek. The 11th, they lay at Capt. Russel s, commonly said to be 35 miles,\\nbut is rather 40 from Congarees. The 12th, they reached Ai-isque s, dis-\\ntant from Capt. Russel s 60 miles.\\nApril 13, went to breakfast with Mr. Cliicken at his mother s house\\nthence to Mr, Kinloch s, a gentleman of the council dined with Mr. Mid-\\ndleton, president, acting as governor di-ank tea at Mrs. Johnson s, called in\\nat Mr. Gadsden s, and lay that night at Charles Town.\\nThe cliiefs which Sir Alexander had chosen to accompany him to England\\nhe left on the road in the care of Mr. Hunter, who reached Mr. Kinloch s\\nwith them the 19th, 23 miles from Charles Town. It was hereabouts they\\nmet with the warrior Ounakannowie, a friend of tlieirs who liad just come\\nfrom the Kettarba nation. He desired to accompany them, and Sir Alexander\\nconsented, but several others who were with Ounakannowie he declined to\\nadmit into the company. The names of the six chiefs were, Oukah Ulah\\n(that is the king that is to be), the head warrior of Tassetchee, a man of", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "16 EARLY HISTORY OP GEORGIA.\\ngreat power and interest, who has a right to be a king Skallelockee, or\\nKettagustah (or prince), Tath to wie, the third warrior, and Collannah, a\\nfourth warrior and from Tannassie, the remotest town of the country, he\\ntook Clogoittah and Oukanach, warriors, because the people in Carolina\\nbelieved it was not possible to travel the length of Tannassie and back again\\nin less than three months, whereas the time that Sir Alexander had limited\\nhimself to do it in, was from March 13 to April 20 the distance being 500\\nmiles.\\nThe six chiefs above named, with Sir Alexander, went on board the Fox\\nman of war, on the 4th of May. Moytoy would have accompanied them, but\\nowing to the sickness of his wife was prevented. The Fox, Capt. Arnold,\\nsailed in company with the Garland, Capt. Anson [afterwards Lord Anson\\non the day appointed, and arrived at Dover, June 5, after the remarkable\\nshort passage of one month and one day. The same night Sir Alexander\\narrived by post at London. The Lidians were bi ought up in the ship.\\nIn the mean time Sir Alexander communicated with the secretary of\\nstate, and the latter with the king, who ordered that Sir Alexander and\\nthe Indians should be present at an installation which had been ajjpointed\\nto take place on the 18th of June, ensuing, which was accordingly arranged;\\nand on the 2 2d, Sir Alexander was introduced to his majesty, and upon his\\nknee, in presence of the Court, declared the full power he had received the\\nIndian chiefs all kneeling at the same time Sir Alexander laying the\\ncrown of the Cherokee nation at his majesty s feet, with the five eagles\\ntails as an emblem of his majesty s sovereignty, and four scalps of Indian\\nenemies all which his majesty was graciously pleased to accept of.\\nAs the speech of the Indian orator on the occasion, and the treaty made\\nat the time are in print, they do not require to be produced in this article.\\nBefore their introduction to the king, they had been conducted on the usual\\nrounds of the city, to the tower, where they saw the crown -jewels, the\\ncoronation-robes, and other curiosities. To these the chief alluded in his\\nspeech to the king. How they passed their time for nearly another month,\\nparticulars are scanty. The treaty was concluded on the 7th of September,\\nin Whitehall, and they returned to Dover in the beginning of October, and\\nimmediately sailed for their own country in the same ship which had brought\\nthem over.", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "EAELY HISTOEY OF GEORGIA. 17\\nThere were not wanting at the time those scribblers for the public prints\\nwho were prepared to make the most of any odd aifairs to gratify their\\nnatural proj^ensity for ridicule. One denominated the chief of the Indians\\nHigh and mighty Sagamore of the Cherokees, whose dress was an officer s\\nblue coat with white metal buttons, and this with a laced hat and other\\nmartial accoutrements, made him look as soldierly as the late King of\\nSweden, having as^ many scarifications on his swarthy face as there are bars\\nin a gridiron wrought first with a sharp instrument, then inlaid with gun-\\npowder, to add terribility to his awful visage.\\nThey had severally the honour to kiss the hands of his Majesty, the\\nPrince of Wales, and the Duke. The Indian King had on a scarlet jacket,\\nbut all the rest were naked, except an apron about their middles, and a\\nhorse s tail hung down behind. Their faces, shoulders, c. were painted\\nand spotted with red, blue green. They had bows in their hands\\npainted feathers in their heads.\\nIn another paragraph is found a severe cut at the sycophantic manner in\\nwhich people cringe about and fawn upon royalty Our citizens were not\\na little pleased to see so great a potentate as his Indian majesty is said to\\nbe, appear more like a heathen philosopher than a pagan Prince, as if he\\naffected to show the world a true copy of a primitive king, surrounded by\\nno fawning courtiers, to secrete aims from the public no cringing sycophants\\nto tickle his ears with flattery whilst they picked his pockets no guards for\\nthe security of his person looking as fearless and unconcerned as if he had\\nnothing to protect him but the Love and Loyalty of his subjects. Nor was\\nhis presence, tho distinguished by no costly badges or embellishments,\\ninconsistent with his royal dignity. He had much sagacity in his looks and\\nmajesty in his de^^ortment tho his shirt and skin hap^iened to be much of a\\ncolor.\\nWe hear nothing of Sir Alexander in connection with the Indian delega-\\ntion after the introduction to the king. When they learned that he was not\\nto return with them to Carolina they expressed much disappointment\\nindicating that he may have made them a promise to do so. And whether\\nhe ever returned to America is not known, although from some circumstances\\nand intimations it seems probable that he did for in a schedule of his effects\\ndrawn up in 1755, he mentions property in South Carolina, as houses, an\\n3", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "18 EARLY HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nuninhabited island which he bought of one Mr. Hill, a merchant there,\\nand which island he named Hilkiah, for which he paid \u00c2\u00a3100 sterling\\nobserving that he named it Hilkiah, from the appearance of two eagles at\\nthe time of purchase. [Whether this island was afterward called\\nCumming s Point, and had a fortification on it in 1780, near Charleston?\\nis not known.]\\nIn this connection we will narrate all we have been able to learn\\nconcerning Sir Alexander Cuming, not before given. And as already-\\nremarked, we hear nothing of him after the embarkation of the Cherokees,\\nuntil by his MS. before us, he reports himself a prisoner in the Poultry\\nCompter, and says he was removed to the Compter from the Fleet. How\\nlong he was a prisoner in the latter he makes no mention, nor is there\\nanything by which we can determine how or when he gained his liberty, if at\\nall; but we know that in 1755 he had been confined nearly two years, during\\nwhich time he was prevented taking the benefit of the act of insolvency, from\\nthe want of his papers yet from a schedule di-awn up from his memory, he\\nseems to have had interests in numerous properties in various places, and\\nafiirms that his means are sufficient to pay all his honest debts, were he\\nallowed his liberty. And at this point we must close our notice of him with\\nthe remark, that there probably is not a monument of any name or nature,\\nin South Carolina or Georgia, that there ever lived such a man as Sir\\nAlexander Cuming, Bart., unless the Point before mentioned be an exception.\\nAnd it may be further remarked, that in the Gazetteer of Georgia we find\\nthe coiinties in that state are named for the distinguished men connected\\nwith its history, generally yet in one or two instances counties ajDpear to\\nbe named for persons who, it may be, never had heard of the State of Georgia.\\nTo this Gazetteer (printed in 1829) are appended brief biographies of\\nGeorgians considered the most eminent by the compiler. How it happened\\nthat a post-village has, within a few years, been called Cumming, is un-\\nknown to the writer. It is in Forsyth co., 109 miles N. W. from Milledgeville.\\nThere is also a railroad station named Cumming, in the same state, 57 miles\\nfrom Augusta. It is not thought that these places were thus named with\\nany reference to Sir Alexander Cuming. In the map accompanying the\\nGazetteer, such is the scarcity of Indian names upon it, that a stranger might\\nbe led to suppose that the country was never occupied by the Lidians.", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "EARLY HISTORY OF GEORGIA. 19\\nWere Indian names looked upon as a blemish or were they discarded that\\nthey should not remind the present lords of the soil how they came by it\\nLike all aborigines, the Cherokees were cruel in war, and had been in\\nfrequent collisions with the Carolinians, but how often would it be found\\nthat the Lidians were the first transgressors We know from the history\\nof our own times, that in a majority of cases in which blood has been\\nshed, the white neighbors of the Indians were the aggressors. And yet\\nthey (the Indians) have always been ready to fight our battles. No less\\nthan five hundred Cherokee warriors fought on the side of independence in\\nthe war of the revolution. In the late southern rebellion, the expatriated\\nCherokees beyond the Mississippi were entirely surrounded by their\\nrebellious neighbors, and it was next to impossible for them to remain\\nneutral, yet a good number of them continued loyal to the end.\\nI have already alluded to the manner in which the Cherokees were\\ndriven from their country, and it is not proposed to expatiate on that\\npainful subject at this time. Yet there will always be associated with their\\nname a reflection, and a feeling in every humane breast, that their expatriation\\nwas a crime as nefarious as ever any one people committed against another.\\nIt was a crime precisely like one which any state might commit against\\nanother, because that state had strength to overpower the other. The\\nCherokees were advancing in civilization they had become farmers,\\nmechanics, and proficients in many useful arts as well as their neighbors\\nbut these acquisitions, it would seem, only made those neighbors more\\navaricious, and more determined on their ruin. They were even becoming,\\nI may say they had become, literary they prepared and printed school\\nbooks, published newspapers in their own language, and with an alphabet of\\nthe invention of one of their own people which alphabet was, and still is,\\nan invention challenging the admiration of the learned world.\\nThe wrong to which allusion has been made, was a crime which will\\nnever be forgotten or forgiven, and its perpetrators have gone, many of them,\\nand the rest will go, down to their graves in infixmy and the believer in\\nretributive justice may point to the March to the Sea as a warning or\\nforeshadowing of one of more terrible desolation, when that colossus, armed\\nwith iron hands and leaden feet, shall fully vmdicate the law of justice, and\\nthe equal rights of man.", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "20 EAELY HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nCONCLUSION.\\nThe expatriation of the Cherokees, as it progressed under the arm of irre-\\nsistible power, within the memory of the writer, caused no little sensation far\\nand wide through the whole country and it may be added that that sensation\\nwas accompanied with a just indignation, which the modern reader will\\nfaintly realize. This note is merely to group together a few jirominent facts.\\nThe Indians were acknowledged as an indej^endent people and treaties\\nwere made with them as such. They made their own laws and executed\\nthem in their own way. In 1824 a law existed among the Creeks, and was\\nadopted by the Cherokees, that if any one in authority presumed to sell\\nany land, without the consent of the whole nation, his life was forfeited.\\nThe chief of the Creeks, Gen. MTntosh, disregarding the law, sold land\\ncontrary to that law, and was executed for it. The general government\\nhad contracted with that of Georgia to buy out the Indians and send them\\nbeyond the Mississippi, as soon as it could be done reasonably and\\npeaceably. Now the peaceable purchase was begun, but it could only be\\npeaceably possessed by Georgia by the aid of government troops. The\\nchain of events for the next ten years need not here be sketched. Bayonets\\ncompelled treaties, yet at an enormous expense, ostensibly on account of,\\nand for the benefit of the Indians Were the government agents or the\\nIndians enriched by the emigration? On the 14th of March, 1835, a treaty\\nwas concluded between the Indians and the government agents according\\nto which the sum of $225,000 was to be for the expenses of a removal\\nbeyond the Mississippi $400,000 for subsistence; $1,000,000 for improve-\\nments and ferries $250,000 to cover claims and spoliations $10,000 for\\ndomestic animals $60,000 to pay the Indian national debt $30,000 for\\npublic buildings $5,000 for printing apparatus $3G,000 for blankets\\n$37,000 for rifles; $7,000 for kettles; $1,800,000 er carpita; $400,000 for\\na general fund $100,000 for a school fund $50,000 as an orphans fund\\n$500,000 for additional territory $48,151 previous school investment\\n$214,000 as commutation of perpetual annuity making in all, $5,332,151.\\nThe Map accompanying this work was drawn about 1750. The original\\ncopy was done by the Indians, and the names upon it written by the English\\nas they then understood them. These names of places, though differing\\nsomewhat from those given in Sir A. Cuming s account, are sufficiently\\nsimilar to indicate the places meant by him.", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2320", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3700", "width": "2562", "jp2-path": "earlyhistoryofge00drak_0038.jp2"}}