{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "crc^^coccc\\nLIBRARY OF CONGRESS,\\nF^\\ncc:\\nCC\\nsr o cc\\nf UNITED STATES OP AMERICA, f\\nCC\\nCx^ c\\ncc\\nrc? c\\ncc\\nc L r c\\ncc\\n-^CC(\\ncc\\n\u00c2\u00a3CCC\\nCC\\ncfiCic:\\niC c\\nL cor\\nc\\n^7 CC- 3\\nIS\\nf p\\nSS,^crc:cc\\nIrs-\\nX m^ car:. .^^;0S-^crc:c\\n^rc cjrjc:: ^cr ^c t\\n?-r Ccr ^^^:^c^iOC rcccir i\\ncc4r ^^^cc^:^\\nc c r ^^S; ^cj^\u00c2\u00a3:. t crc ^c::; p\\n:cCr -^^te^^ii^ OC #^c!c", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "^^p^^\\nr T^^lC CCC TCKC!L %fl|^\\n^_^^J\\n-:--5ir:^- .rcr^oc?: c^^-Cj^c: jC^\\nnc ccKcsrotSj^ :gc\\nJ^^^\\nh ^^c^^tf c c: c:cccccxrcf^^^^^\\n^^U!CS-.\\nT^^^^\\nf cc^ cxjc rccx:cxQCi:c:\\nC^CJ\\nc;\u00c2\u00abr C ^c c i:coG: m ^-S\\n^T4^r ^(rc cK42cr ^c^^\\ncar\\nc:-4gr c cxDC(^ 5 :c^\\ntjC\\nst: rc -c^ ocot: c^:-Ci v^^\\nbe-\\nc?r i^c cc ctcr CCCCC C.^\\n4_i!^cc: m;^tx\\nZM,:\\nl^^c\\nV c c^ ct: c o^ji\\nHC^^c\\ncC \u00c2\u00abr^ c c csr ccccc^cij\\nC C Cccr--, _\\ntc mzcc c cc c cr r a- c\\nt ^crc c cc\\n9^ mczc^tt cC cc\\n2:\\nC c CcC\\nc c: occ^\\nLccc rrc:^\\nc c cc\\nc C cc\\n5^s\\nacre c C CC ccoriccs c\\n^CLC C^ CC c\u00c2\u00abiCI cCC\\n*SCX-C: cc. j:i CCitc: csd\\n^rcxr cc; cir .cc^cT cc^c\\nCC Cf CCCSC C C c\\nc^-cr: crc^r ccc\\n-JCCC^ C^rccigc: C e: Cj\\n*c i C:::\u00c2\u00ab:ic.^:r C r? \u00c2\u00abfSc?\\nJ^ c^soc Kc=r\\nccc:^^i:c cccrcc.\\n;k- ^^^s c 3j^^\\nr .CC C^cr-c^^\\n2^ c ex:\\ncccc\\nl c:c: 3::\\nIf ^rc eg:\\ni:.(rC- i:\\n2^cc^\\nc^^cc:^\\nS-cC\u00c2\u00ab\\n_jmcC\\n\u00c2\u00abccd\\n\u00c2\u00bbc c.^\\n((C3C. Si;CC^\\n^^^Krc|cc:/\\nccc:\\ncCCi:^ CC:\\ncrci/^KCc\\nCSICCC\\n__ ^CC\\nBCC\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Ccc\\nCCCC\\n:^cc\\nSScCc\\n:SrcC C\\niKc ,CiC\\n*^M^CC\\ncc c\\n:1\\nCCTf\\nd^: :cvc^cc- ?c\\n^:C c\\nicc^cvc\\nK^:cc;c s\\n_j:!^ccce\\n_Zj^ccccc^\\nC?cC\u00c2\u00ab?ccrc\\n_..r^C^cCj^cc\\ncc :r ^c c\\nr^^cc^^^^cc^\\nci^ cc rc c r\\nTccccTccrc:\\nc^ C 5 c:C :ic\\ncccr\\nc\u00c2\u00ab#5\u00c2\u00abs:oc: c^\\ncr pcrcic:c\\ncc ?:cc 3c: Co\\n7 \u00c2\u00a3CC r:TCC\\ntTcccc^ re \u00e2\u0082\u00acr c A\\nxrctcc cc cr c/ s- c\\np^cccc re cr c. c (c:\\nr cccc cc cTc oct^c:^\\n?.C CC cCCT c\\ns ?ccc /^c r c r", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "Wealth and Profit:\\n^S j^OUND IN JhE\\nWilly Pine Region\\nGeorgia i South Carolina\\nTOGETHER WITH AN ACCOUNT OF ITS\\nHorticultural, Agricultural, and\\nManufacturing Resources,\\niTi^y\\nTOPOGF^APHY, pEOLOGY. j^OTANY, AND pUMATOLOGY\\nOF THE REGION.\\nBy S. E. HABEESHAM, M. D.\\nAugusta, Ga.:\\nprinted at the augusta press book and job office.\\n18 9.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "rf^jfAF^\\nIn presenting this little work to the pul)lic, tlie aiUlior\\nhas endeavored to enibraee so nineh information upon the\\nvarious subjects treated, as seemed necessary to elucidate the\\nl)eciUiar]y remedial influences of this climate in l*uhi.onary\\nConsumption and kindred diseases, and the great AgricuUural,\\nHorticultural, and Manufacturing advantages of the region,\\nliopiiig by this means to attract the attention of those residents\\nof northern States who are obliged, by reason of chest com-\\nplaints, to make semi-annual changes to a more genial climate.\\nWhatever defects of style and matter may appear in part\\niirst, the author liopes the reader will overlook, since it is very\\nditlicuit in the discussion of a purely medical subject to avoid\\ntechnical terms, without sacrificing perspicuity.\\nTo ni}^ professional brethren I will simply say, that as the\\nwork is intended more particularly for popular reading, I have\\navoided the discussion of the general question of climatic in-\\nlluence ujion Pulmonary Phthisis, and have only expi essed such\\nviews as are deemed important to the intelligent general readers.\\nTo those friends and professional gentlemen who have kindly\\nfurnished tlie information conveyed in these pages, I take this\\noi)l)ortunity of returning my sincere thanks.\\nS. E. HxVBERSHAM, M. I).\\nSuMMEiiviiJ-E, iicdi AugasUi^ Ga.^ Jane 3, 1800.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "]fPF7-\\nPART FIllST.\\nPcKje\\nA General Description of the Hand Hill Keyion of South\\nCai-oliiia and Georgia 9\\nWinds and Soil 10\\nFoi^s 11\\nAV^ater 1 1\\nTenipci-ature of Water 12\\nCokcr Spring, at Aiken, S. 12\\nArea, of the Sand Hill Region in Georgia and Soulh Carolina, l;}\\nSurface Soil 13\\nlierries. 14\\nSeuppernong Grape 14\\nCUay Soil 15\\nWeeds and Grasses^ 15\\nlioots 15\\nYellow Pine. 10\\nFew lleptiles 17\\nProductiveness of the liOW J^ands _ 17\\nPacililies of Transi)ortation IS\\nLespcdeza Striata 10\\nChemical xVnalysis 20", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "}f?^^\\nPa(je\\nHealth and Diseases 21\\nHealthfulness 21\\nDiseases of the Liver 28\\nPuhiionaiy C ousumption 24\\nCauses of Exeiii])1 ion 25\\nHumidity as a Cause of Phtliisis 20\\nCold asa Cause of Ththisis 27\\nHaUits and Customs of the Native Population in the Sand\\nHill Region of Soutii C aroliiia and Georgia, Avilh\\nrefeienee to their bearing upon Pulmonary Consumption. 81\\nA Protiacted Kesidenee Necessjiry to Experienee the Full\\nBenetit of the Climate 30\\nA Few Words in Relation to Dieletie and Hygienic Rules\\nwhich should be Observed b}^ Invalids C\u00c2\u00ab)niing South 42\\nFatty Food Sometimes Deleterious 47\\nPulmonaiy Consumi)tion a t urablc Disease oO\\nSpontaneous Cure of Phthisis 50\\nPAIIT SECOND.\\nClhnatology 35\\nPrecipitation of Rain 00\\nPhysical Geography 72\\nGeology 79\\nBotau} ^5\\nPART THIUD.\\nAgricull ural Resources 95\\nRamie\\nMaize ov orn 1 0.)", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "}f??^-\\nPm/r\\nWheat 1 07\\nUye lOS\\nOals lOS\\nBarley lOi)\\nC:( w Pea \\\\M eia 1 09\\nRoots 110\\nSweel Potato 110\\nIrish Potato 111\\nBeets 112\\nTurnips 112\\nPhosphatic Deposits and Marl Beds 1VP\\nFruit Cidtiire\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Peach 117\\ndrape Culture 110\\nManufacturing Kesourees 128\\nDescription of the Augusta Canal 181\\nSummerville, Richmond County, Ga 143", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "Hea\\nLTH AND Profit:\\n^S ^OUND IN JhE\\nillg jjin^! foott of mm[^m 5r ^outli |^m olina\\nPart First.\\nGeneral Descj ipUon of the Sand ITiU\\nRegion of South Carolma and Geo7 (/ia,\\nThe following pages treat of the Sand Hill\\nregion of South Carolina and Georgia. They have\\nbeen written at the request of N^orthern friends of\\n.the writer, who appreciate properly the benelits to\\nbe derived by consumptives from the invigorating\\ntemperature of its dry and mild Winter climate.\\nResembling in many respects the Indian Sum-\\nmer of IN ew York and Pennsylvania, the tempera-\\nture of this region does not depress the invahd by\\nits cold, nor exercise, in the Spring, the enervating\\ninfluence so much complained of by those who pro-\\nlong their stay into the early Spring months of the\\nregions farther South, along the coast or in the\\ninterior of Florida.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "10 fliLLY Pine Region of\\nThe coldest clays are general^ in the months of\\nDecembar and January, and it is seldom that the\\nthermometer marks at sunrise lower than 28\u00c2\u00b0 or 30\u00c2\u00b0\\nFah. So seldom, indeed, is ice formed at night,\\nvisible at the middle of the next day, that the occur-\\nrence excites the comments of the native residents.\\nThough the rain, on an average, falls annually\\nnearly as deep as at other places along the eastern\\nslope say about thirty-seven inches the inconve-\\nnience therefrom is not as great as might be sup-\\nposed, inasmuch as the porous nature of the sandy\\nsoil enables it to absorb the falling water so rapidly\\nthat out-door exercise may be indulged in an hour or\\ntwo after the storm clouds have cleared away.\\nWinds and Soil.\\nThe prevailing winds in Winter are also drying\\nwinds (being from the north, northwest, west, south-\\nwest, and south), which soon evaporate the little\\nsurface moisture, and thus the atmosphere soon parts\\nwith its humidity. This fact explains the reason\\nwhy so little inconvenience is experienced from what\\nwould be considered severe cold in a damper climate,\\nthe sea coast, for instance, where there is much more\\nhumidity, and where a much less degree of cold is\\nfound to be uncomfortable. For the same reason,\\nan eastern wind, so much complained of in other\\nregions of the Atlantic slope, though charged always\\nwith a large amount of vapor of water from the\\nocean, in reaching the borders of these hills, parts\\nwith much of its vapor in a very short time. I have\\noften seen heavy nimbus or rain clouds rise rapidly\\nand threatening in the east, and driven rapidly before", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "pEOR ^iA AND South Carolina. li\\nthe wind, disappear in a few hours, with only a few\\ndrops of rain, and producing but a temporary effect\\nupon the wet-bulb thermometer.\\nFogs.\\nFogs are of very rare occurrence, never lasting\\nlonger than an hour or two after sunrise, and seldom\\ndense enough to obscure vision within two hundred\\nyards. Five or six fogs in the Spring and Autumn\\nare as many as ever occur; and I do not recollect to\\nhave seen more than three or four in the winter in a\\nseries of years.\\nWater,\\nIn consequence of the nature of the soil com-\\nposing the Sand Hills, they may be likened to great\\nnatural lilterers, which collect the rain and pass it\\nthrough the pure sand to the stratum of clay\\nbeneath, which is the water-bearing bed of the\\nHills. Dr. Joseph Jones, formerly Chemist to the\\nGeorgia State Agricultural Society, now Professor of\\nChemistry, University of Louisiana, I^ew Orleans, in\\nalluding to the water of Turknett Spring, near\\nAugusta, Georgia, from which the city is supplied\\nwith drinking water, says\\nThe specific gravity of this water is but very little\\ngreater than that of pure distilled water, being 1000.007\\nper cent. The solid residue left after evaporation equals\\nonly four and one-fourth grains (4.25) in the gallon of\\nwater. The solid residue is composed of salts of lime,\\nmagnesia, soda, potassa, and silica. The water also\\ncontains, in common with all spring water, carbonic\\nacid gas.\\nThis spring rises from the base of the hills upon\\nwhich the delightful town of Summerville stands.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "12 Willy Pine Region op\\ndirectly upon the MlUedgeville road, and represents\\nthe character of all the springs in the Sand Hill\\nTe^nperatitre of Water,\\nThe temperature of the well and spring water\\nvaries from one to two degrees, but may be consid-\\nered to obey the law which governs the temperature\\nof all spring and well water below seventy to one\\nhundred feet from the surface, viz the mean yearly\\ntemperature of the atmosphere which, in this region,\\nis about 64\u00c2\u00b0 Fah. This equable temperature of the\\nsprings may be attributed to the equal depth of the\\nwater-bearing clay beds. Water at this temperature\\nis a most delightful assuager of the thirst, and by its\\npurity assists very materially in depurating the blood\\nof many ingredients which may be considered causes\\nof disease, if permitted to remain in the system. The\\npurity of the water of this region accounts for the\\nexemption of its native inhabitants from calculus\\nand kidney diseases generally, and, I have no doubt,\\nin purifying the circulating fluid it also has a very\\npowerful influence in eradicating malarial fevers\\nfrom the system.\\nCoher Spring^ at Aihen^ S. C\\nThe Coker Spring, at Aiken, S. C, may be taken\\nas a type of all those in the Carolina hills, and\\nresembles in every respect the waters of Turknett\\nSpring, the analysis of which it corresponds to. If\\nI recollect rightly, the temperature of this spring is\\nexactly 64\u00c2\u00b0 Fah.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 13\\nArea of the Sand Hill Mef/ion in Georgia\\nand South Carolina.\\nThe area of the Sand Hill region, though very\\nimperfectly defined on its northwestern and south-\\neastern borders, in the States of South Carolina and\\nGeorgia, is comprised within a narrow belt or area,\\nextending from the northeastern border of South\\nCarolina to the southwestern border of Georgia,\\nreaching a maximum elevation at Aiken, in the\\nformer State, and Summerville, in the latter, of\\nnearly six hundred feet. The average width of this\\npecuUar formation may be estimated in the two\\nStates to be about thirty miles, more or less. To\\nthe geologist it is an extremely interesting portion of\\nthe American continent, particularly as it lies\\nbetween the primary and tertiary regions, separating\\ndistinctly these two geological regions. For more\\ninteresting data on this subject, see Part Second.\\nSurface Soil,\\nThe surface soil is sandy, covered with a thin\\nvegetable mould, which soon blends with the gray\\nand white sand below when disturbed by the plough,\\nbecoming unproductive after one or two years (with-\\nout manure) in cotton and the cereals, yet always\\nyielding a prolific crop of fruit, particularly the\\npeach, nectarine, apricot, pomegranite, fig, pear and\\nphim, of man} varieties, from the delicious and\\njuicy magnum bonum and green gage to the common\\ndamson and wild [)lums of the country (Prunus\\nAmericana); and (P. Chicasa) watermelons reach\\ndimensions almost incredibly large to those not", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "14 Willy Pine R\\nEGION OF\\nfamiliar with the fact wliile cantelopes, which are\\ngrown in great profusion, possess a flavor surpassed\\nby none in the world.\\nJBerries.\\nBlackberries of both varieties the black rasp-\\nberry, strawberries, and whortleberries are v( ry\\nabundant. The black raspberry is not indigenous,\\nand requires cultivation.\\nSciipperuong Grape.\\nThe grape is indigenous to the country, of which\\nthe scuppernong is the most hardy and abundant\\nproducer, having never been known to fail in ripen-\\ning its fruit, and is entirely exempt from those\\nblights which, in other countries and regions of our\\nown, have nearly destroyed the vine. Mr. Berck-\\nmans, a distinguished horticulturist and vine-grower,\\nnow residing near Augusta, in the Sand Hill region,\\nwhose nursery is well worth seeing, states that he\\nhas never known this vine to fail in a series of years.\\nIts fruit is of a most delicious and peculiar flavor,\\nand makes a wine of the best quality, surpassed by\\nnone other grown in America. Its rapidity of growth\\nis so great that when once well rooted it will cover\\na large area of ground, and the amount of fruit pro-\\nduced from one vine is almost incredible. It is\\npropagated from the root, never should be trimmed,\\nand onl}^ requires trailing on arbors or trellises to\\nensure its full vigor and health. This grape was\\noriginally brought from North Carolina, but it is\\nnow the common grape of this region, and promises\\nto supplant all others in the estimation of the vine-", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "pEORGIA AND SoUTH CaI^OLINA. 1^\\ngrowers of Georgiu and Carolina. It may be propa-\\ngated by layers without difficulty, and will, no\\ndoubt, become a most certain source of wealtli to\\nthe region in which it flourishes.\\nClay Soil.\\nIn some localities the clay (argillaceous sand) lies\\nnear the surface, overlaid with a mixture of deconi-\\n[)osed vegetable matter and dark sand; and there\\nthe soil is both productive in cereals and cotton,\\nretaining for some time the manure put upon it, and\\nheing of very easy cultivation.\\nWeeds and Grasses.\\nWeeds and grasses are less annoying to the farmer\\nthan elsewhere, and are easily subdued by the plough;\\nthe corn being generally left to shift for itself after\\nthe month of July, and sometimes much earlier.\\nRoots,\\nThe sweet potato yields most abundantly in this\\nsoil; some of the roots grow to the size of six\\npounds, and a very common weight is from two to\\nthree pounds. Ruta-baga and other turnips produce\\ngood crops when manured from the barn yard or\\nwdth bone dust, as do also beets, parsnips, carrots,\\nsalsify, radishes, etc. The delicious bur artichoke\\nand asparagus yield early and luxuriantly. Straw-\\nberries and green peas ripen in the month of April,\\nand are, in turn, succeeded by snap beans, early cab-\\nbages, and lettuce. These vegetables come into use\\nat least six weeks earlier than in the Northern\\nStates while the Irish potato is often dug in the", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "fiiLLY Pine Region of\\nmonth of June. The early varieties of the peach,\\napple, and pear ripen in the early part of June, and\\napricots in the month of May.\\nThere are other fruits which the careful horticul-\\nturist could produce in ahundance, hut, as they\\nrc(|uire care, and are now unremunerative, they are\\nneglected.\\nYellow Fine,\\nOn the sandy ridges, the natural growth is gener-\\nally small and stunted, excepting the long leaved\\nor yellow pine, which acquires large dimensions,\\nthus affording a superahundance of material for\\nfencing and building purposes, beside yielding, from\\nthe superiority of its wood, a large income to the\\npossessor of a ^vater power, who cuts it into lumber\\nfor the neighborhood, or ships it to the coast for\\nforeign markets.\\nI^ear the water courses, of which there are many\\n(for this, notwithstanding the sandy character of the\\nsoil, is a well-watered region), the trees grow luxu-\\nriantly, such as the beach^ white oak, poplar, syca-\\nmore, maple, elm, hack berr^^, etc.\\nThe beauty of the field and forest consists not\\nin verdant grass, but in its stead we have flowers,\\nbright and beautiful, and of delicious odor. The\\nwoods are particularly rich in flowering shrubs, and\\nthe fields in the various genera and species of tlie\\ncomposite order of plants. The Coriopsis and\\nCrisopis, l^ymphia and Cynthia, Liatris and Erig-\\ngonum, ISTapthalia, Yernonia, Kudbeckia, Aster, and\\nGnaphalium, and many others of this order, flourish\\nin their beauty while Yaccinum Arborium, whose", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "Georgia and ^outh Carolina. 17\\nglossy green leaves contrast strongly with its luxu-\\nriant white flowers in nodding racemes, sometimes\\ncover the branches so thickly as almost to obscure\\nthe foliage. Many of the Leguminoseae are very\\nbeautiful, but the pride of the woodland is the yellow\\nJessamine (Gelseminum Semper-virens), whose\\nbright yellow petals are often seen hanging in thick\\nclusters and festoons from the boughs and tops of\\nmedium sized trees, presenting a more beautiful\\nappearance than can be equalled by the florist in a\\nless favored climate; perfuming the atmosphere at\\nearly morn and evening with an odor unequalled in\\nits fragrance.\\nFew Meptiles.\\nIn these woods and fields the student of natural\\nhistory may find days of unalloyed pleasure, and\\nwander for hours, unmindful of fatigue, amid the\\nbeauty of its flora, regardless of reptiles, of wdiicli\\nthere are very few, save on the banks of the streams\\nwhere the shrubbery is too thick for pleasant walk-\\ning. Even here, however, this cold-blooded enemy\\nof our race is seldom seen, since he generally makes\\nhis escape at the noise of man s footfall.\\nProductiveness of the Low Lands.\\nThough the soil of the hills and ridges is generally\\nunproductive, save in fruit, as before mentioned, yet\\nthe lower lands bordering on the creeks and water\\ncourses yield abundant crops of wheat and maize,\\neven with the careless system of cultivation practiced\\nbefore emancipation; but, with the improved a2;ri-\\nculture of the white man a own hands, cultivating", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "i8 Hilly Pine R\\nEGION OF\\nand iiuiiiurhig thoroughly a small portion of hind at\\na time, there is no reason why labor should not be\\namply rewarded. I know that thirty bushels of\\nwheat have been raised to the acre; the same land\\nploughed in when the wdieat was removed, and\\ntwenty-iive bushels of corn and ten of cow peas\\nattained as a second crop.\\nWhen the proximity of the great marts of trade\\nlying upon the Atlantic is recollected, with the great\\nand increasing facilities of transportation taken into\\naccount, there is every reason to believe that the\\nremuneration of capital and labor will be equal to\\nthat atforded by the rich alluvial lands of the South-\\nwest and West, so abounding in cholera, malarial\\nfever, etc. From these this region is generally\\nexempt.\\nFacilities of Transportation,\\nRegular lines of steamers from the ports of Sa-\\nvannah and Charleston twice a week, with railroad\\ntransportation to these ports, afford rapid carriage for\\nearl}^ fruits and vegetables to the cities of IS ew\\nYork, Boston, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, where\\nthey bring very remunerative prices, and must\\ninvite a ready sale. When the low price of land,\\nthe cheapness of building, the character of soil,\\nrendering it very easy of cultivation, the little outlay\\nof capital necessary to establish oi chards and vine-\\nyards, are considered, the per centage upon capital\\ninvested is enormous.\\nHeretofore there has been comparatively little\\nenterprise in this direction, cotton having absorbed\\nthe attention and available means of the more intel-", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 19\\nligent portion of the people; but now that the unre-\\nliable nature of negro labor in large gangs, and the\\nscarcity of money, have forcibly turned the attention\\nof the planter to that kind of agriculture Avhich will\\nyield the greatest income upon small investments,\\nthe hope is indulged that before long this land, now\\nneglected and wasted, will be covered with orchards\\nand vineyards, and that each family will literally\\ndwell under its own vine and tig tree.\\nLespede^a Striata.\\nHeretofore a great desideratum has been some\\nherb or grass to cover the surface of lawns and afford\\ngrazing lor cattle and sheep Kature now seems\\nmiraculously to have supplied this want in the\\nLespedeza Striata, or Japan clover, as it has been\\nnamed by the common consent of all. This growth\\nis spreading, from apparently many centres, over the\\nwhole middle and up country of South Carohna and\\nGeorgia, with such astonishing rapidity as apparently\\nto have been sown by the bountiful hand of heaven\\nfrom the clouds. During and before the war it was\\nonly known to our botanists, and it is not described\\nin either Elliott s or other Botany of the Southern\\nStates, and therefore could not have existed generally\\nwhen these books were written. It is supposed by\\nProfessor Gray, I learn, to have been of Japanese\\norigin, though it has been known for many years to\\nMr. H. W. Ravenel, of Aiken, S. C. The popular\\nopinion is that it was brought into the country by\\nSherman in his march through, but it has been\\nfound very far from his line of march, and was\\nknown before he invaded these States. The scientific", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "20 Willy jPine Region of\\nattribute its rapid spread to some peculiar eliauge in\\nthe climate and soil inexplicable with our present\\nknowledge.\\nSo rapid is its growth that whole regions of\\ncountry, from the mountains to the Sand Hills, are\\nbeing covered by it. It grows abundantly in the\\nforest under-shade and in the sunny red clay, form-\\ning a vegetable mould for itself by the decay of its\\nstem, to sprout out again in the Spring luxuriant and\\ngreen growing thickly when there is a vegetable\\nmould, eradicating the common grasses which are of\\nno value as forage, and killins: the broom sedo e. It\\nis said even to give the nut grass a hard tug for\\nexistence, but this I can hardly credit. In some\\nfavorable localities it has been known to grow to the\\nheight of three feet, as stated by farmers, but it is\\ngenerally not more than from four to ten inches\\nhigh.\\nCheiuical Analysis.\\nAn analysis of the Lespedeza Striata by Professor\\nEains, of the Augusta Medical School, shows it to\\nbe rich in potassa and soda, and very similar in its\\nconstituents to clover. It should, therefore, prove\\nnot only valuable for grazing, but also as a renovator\\nof worn-out lands, for which it seems to have a\\nwonderful fondness. Already, I learn, the cattle\\nare showing the benefit they derive from it in\\ntheir greatly improved flesh and sleek skins, as\\nthey are said to devour it with great avidity. A\\nbotanical description of this plant is given in the\\nsecond part of this work, under the head of Botany\\nof this Region.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South pAf^oLmA.\\nQi\\nHealth and Diseases,\\nAfter mentioning the many water courses of this\\nSand Hill region, I might be expected to feel some\\nhesitation in asserting the remarkable and unsur-\\npassed health and longevity of its inhabitants, but\\nthe rapid increase of its population from natural\\ncauses alone would support me, since there has been\\nno immigration to it for years while it has afforded\\na large surplus population for emigration to Alabama\\nand the other Southwestern States. White, in his\\nStatistics of G-eorgia, article Richmond County, gives\\nthe ao;es of some of the oldest inhabitants of this\\ncounty. Page 506\\nMr. D Antignac died at the age of 89 Agnus Martin\\nover 80 James Gardiner over 83 Mrs. Griffin over 90\\nMrs. Dawson over 91 Mr. N. Murphy 80 Mr. Rowell\\nover 80 Mrs. Tinley nearly 103. There are now living\\nin Augusta, 1849, in the same family, four persons, each\\nof whom has exceeded 83 years. In 1826, an African,\\nknoAvn as old Orua, died on Mr. Course s plantation at\\nthe age of 96. Mr. Course had, Avithin twenty-five\\nyears, buried twenty-nine Africans from the ages of 80\\nto 140 years. Old Amy died at 140. She arrived in\\nCharleston when there were but six small houses she\\nretained her speech, her sight and hearing to the last.\\nJack Wright was 109 years old he had been a servant\\nof Lord Anson when stationed at Charleston, prior to\\nhis voyage round the world.\\nThere are now living in this county many persons\\nknown to me, who are over 80 years of age.\\nHealthfalness,\\nIts elevation, character of soil, and vegetation,\\nexempts it fro in malarial fevers, excepting in a few\\nlocalities immediately in the neighborhood of mill\\nponds, or on the banks of the larger streams, where-", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "52 j4iLLr j=^iNE Region op\\nthe swamps widen out to some extent even here it\\nis seldom found to produce those high grades of con-\\ngestive, hiUous, remittent, and continued fevers so\\ncommon in the same latitude elsewhere. Indeed,\\nthe character of the soil and the purity of the water\\nseem inimical to the growth of those spores upon\\nwhich malaria depends.\\nTyphoid fever and dysentery sometimes prevail in\\nthe Summer and Autumn season in sporadic cases,\\nhut are seldom fatal, excepting from neglect and im-\\nprudence in permitting the patient to indulge in solid\\narticles of diet. In the years 1850, 1851, and 1852,\\nthere was an epidemic constitution of the atmos-\\nphere along the waters of the Edisto river, which\\nseemed to be Typhoidal for, upon a case having\\nbeen brought into that section from Atlanta, Ga., in\\nthe person of a child eight years of age, it spread\\nfrom place \\\\o place along that river; but so mild\\nwas the type that not a single patient died of forty\\noccurring in the three years.\\nPneumonia, Pleurisy, Bronchitis, and Catarrhal\\naffections, generally, are more rare than in any other\\nregion I am acquainted with for a physician in good\\npractice for this region may pass through a whole\\nWinter without seeing more than half a dozen cases\\nof either of the first two, though bronchitis and\\nnasal catarrh may occur here as elsewhere, from im-\\nprudence or exposure. These diseases always yield\\nreadily to treatment, rarely terminating unfavorably,\\nexcepting in extieme age, or from some great impru-\\ndence on the part of patient or friends and this is\\nrather to be wondered at, since the houses of the\\ncountry are very open, exposing the patient to", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Caf^olina. 23\\ndraughts of cold air perhaps at the very crisis of\\nhis disease. All catarrhal affections are sooner re-\\ncovered from than in any other climate I have prac-\\nticed in.\\nThat character of acute articular Rheumatism so\\noften seen in cities and damp climates is very seldom\\nobserved in this region. I remember to have seen\\nbut two cases in a practice of seven years which\\nwere at all severe. These appeared to be epidemic,\\nhavino; occurred in a hoarding: school, commencins^\\nin each case with inflammation of the eye, or\\ncatarrhal apthalmia, with sudden subsedince in the\\neye, and metastasis to the large joints. I know of\\nno climate better adapted to the relief of chronic\\ncases of this disease, and can recollect many cases\\nwhich have been entirely relieved by a residence\\nin it.\\nCalculous complaints, and diseases depending upon\\nLithic diathesis, are so rare that I do not recollect to\\nhave seen a case in the native population, or one\\nwhich originated in the climate, during my residence\\nin Aiken.\\nDiseases of the Liver,\\nDiseases of the Liver sometimes oi-iginate here,\\nthough many persons have removed to the climate\\nfor relief, Avith removal of all the symptoms. Bilious\\nderangements sometimes supervene upon errors in\\ndiet, and much exposure to the sun, in those unac-\\ncustomed to it. It is not, however, surprising that\\nthese diseases should occur, and the wonder is that\\nthey do not oftener appear, when the fatty diet of\\nthe people generally, who eat much greasy food, is\\nconsidered.*\\n*This remark refers to the plain farmers of the country.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "^4 fliLLY Pine jIegioh of\\nAnasarca or Ascites, and diseases of the circu-\\nlatory apparatus, seldom trouble patient or ph3 sician.\\nAsiatic Cholera is never known to have occurred,\\nand Cholera Infantum, the summer complaint of\\ninfants everywhere in America, only occurs here in\\na few isolated cases, and is generally of a mild\\ncharacter.\\nAs a general thing, the healthfulness of the cli-\\nmate is as proverbial for children as for adults, as the\\nnumber of large families will attest there are many\\nfamilies which have never lost a child by disease.\\nFurthermore, I may say that no disease can be\\nsaid to be endemic to the climate or soil, and those\\nwhich do occur are more amenable to treatment\\nthan in any region I have ever been in, inasmuch as\\nthere are no endemic causes calculated to maintain\\ndiseased action and the powers of nature, aided by\\njudgment on the part of the medical attendant, con-\\nduct the patient to an almost sure and rapid recovery.\\nPulmonary Consumption.\\nPhthisis, or Pulmonary Consumption, is rarely\\nknown to originate among the native population,\\nand when it does is of so chronic a character that the\\npatients live on from year to year with apparently\\nlittle discomfort. Dr. Amony Coffin, an old resident\\nphysician of Aiken, whose accurate diagnosis and\\nfamiliarity with the disease, acquired by an extensive\\npractice among the invalids who resort there for\\nrelief, remarked to me\\nThe wonder is not that so few cases do occur among\\nthe natives, but that those who do suifer from it live to\\na ripe old age, to die of some other disease, perhaps,\\nessentially not Phthisical,", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 25\\nCauses of XJxemptton.\\nThe peculiarly benelicial influence of this climate\\nin Pulmonary Consumption may be attributable to\\nits perfect healthfulness with respect to other dis-\\neases; the result in part of the dryness of the soil,\\nthe peculiar influence of the pine growth, its eleva-\\ntion above tide water, the absence of stas^nant water\\nand hirge water courses, the purity of the water, but\\nmore particularly the absence of humidity in the air\\nand severe cold, as well as the habits and customs of\\nthe people. We, therefore, shall ask the attention\\nof the reader while we consider seriatim the last\\nnamed causes, as we deem it important in the dis-\\ncussion of this subject that all the points bearing\\nupon it should be clearly stated, since it has been\\nasserted by many that cHmate seems to exert but\\nlittle direct influence as a cause of Phthisis, and\\nthat the habits and customs of a people are more\\ndirectly concerned in its causation. The force of\\nthis assertion cannot be denied, for it seems sus-\\ntained by facts, since we always find a comparative\\nabsence of the disease among a rural and sparse\\npopulation, enjoying an abundance of food and\\ndomestic comforts, with out-door labor and exercise.\\nIn Hall county, Ga., where all of these conditions\\nexist, a case of consumption was never known to\\nliave occurred. The accompaniments of civilization,\\nrefinement, and luxury, are far greater causes, cer-\\ntainly, of this malady, than mere climatic difler-\\nences, excepting in so far as they modity the habits\\nand customs of a people. There are, however,\\ncertain conditions of climate which are supposed,\\n2", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "26 fiiLLY Pine Region of\\nupon physiological principles, to be directly causa-\\ntive of Phthisis these are humidity and cold. We\\nshall, therefore, consider\\nSumidity as a Cause of I^hthisis,\\nIn estimating the influence of atmospheric hu-\\nmidity as an exciting cause of Pulmonary Consump-\\ntion, we find a great discrepancy of opinion among\\nwriters on the subject, growing, no doubt, out of\\ndefective data from which their conclusions were\\ndrawn. The great difiiculty of bringing men to\\nthink alike on any subject is proverbial. This is a\\ndefect of our mental organization, perhaps, and in\\nno science is this more evident than in Medicine,\\nexpressed in the trite maxim that doctors will dis-\\nagree. In the absence of positive data, we are\\ncompelled to state our opinion, as based upon our\\nown impressions, derived from observation, and the\\nweight of medical evidence, which certainly accords\\nto it a baneful influence upon the disease, both as an\\nexciting and aggravating cause. This opinion is\\nbased upon the known physiological action of hu-\\nmidity upon the lungs and skin in diminishing the\\nvaporous exhalation from these organs, thus render-\\ning the blood more watery, and adding to that con-\\ndition, which in the consumptive already exists in\\nexcess. Humidity also has a tendency to maintain\\nthe blood at an elevated temperature, as any one will\\nobserve who is unable to perspire when the ther-\\nmometer stands at 90\u00c2\u00b0 Fah. This, however, is not\\nthe only evil resulting from humidity, since it also\\ninterferes, very materially, with the supplementary\\naction of the skin in relation to the lungs. The im-", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Cai\\\\olina. 27\\nportance of this relation is so abl y maintained by the\\nmost distinguished writers on Phthisis and climate,\\nthat I deem it only necessary to allude to it in this\\nplace. The effect of humidity is to enervate the\\nbody; and if it had no other evil influence upon the\\nconsumptive, this must be considered a serious one,\\nsince it would interfere with that exercise, so essen-\\ntial to healthy digestion and nutrition, the impair-\\nment of which is often the first step in the causation\\nof PuUiionary Consumption. If we accept the\\nabove statements as facts, and they cannot be denied\\nwith our present physiological knowledge, we can\\nreadily understand one of the reasons for the health-\\nfulness of the Sand Hill region of Georgia and\\nCarolina, and more particularly their comparative\\nexemption from Pulmonary Consumption and kin-\\ndred diseases since, from what has been said, it is\\nessentially a dry climate.\\nCold as a Cause of JPJitJiisls.\\nThe eftect of severe cold upon the animal organ-\\nism is to depress the forces of the S3 Stem by abstract-\\ning the animal heat more rapidly than it can be\\ngenerated and, as the first effect upon the lungs is\\nto arrest transpiration, it very materially serves to\\nimpair the power of calorification, which process is\\nmainly carried on in the lungs being caused, as is\\nsupposed by Leibig, by the oxygen of the atmos-\\nphere acting upon the carbon of the blood, as it is\\nexposed in the capillary net work of the pulmonary\\nair tubes, causing a chemical combustion, and the\\nconversion of the carbon in the blood into carbonic\\nacid, which is expelled at each expiration. If this", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "28 Willy Pine Region of\\nbe the first efiect of severe eolcl, it must necessarily\\nimpair the vital capacity of the lungs so acted upon.\\nVital capacity signifies nothing more than the num-\\nber of cubic inches of air which each individual can\\nexhale in a forced expiration. Now, the relation\\nbetween vital capacity and the process of calorifica-\\ntion is such, that as one diminishes, so does the\\nother. For example an individual who can inhale,\\nat a deep and full insperation, three hundred and\\nfifty cubic inches of air, will certainly generate more\\nanimal heat or personal warmth. than one who can\\nonly inhale two hundred and fifty. jN ow, the infiu-\\nence of Pulmonary Consumption is to diminish, very\\nmaterially, this vital capacity, as has been proven by\\nmany observations hence, under all circumstances,\\na cold climate, particularly when associated with\\nmoisture, must be injurious to that person whose\\nvital capacity has been thus reduced, since it would\\nbe impossible, from the nature of his defective respi-\\nration, and the watery condition of his blood, to\\nsupply the amount of animal heat necessary to\\nmaintain the integrity of his functions, as it has been\\nshown by recent experiment and observation that a\\nvery small loss of animal heat will destroy life. The\\nabstraction of even the smallest amount would mate-\\nrially diminish vital force so necessary to the per-\\nformance of digestion and nutrition. I should,\\ntherefore, say that a patient whose vital capacity is\\nmaterially reduced, should seek a climate adapted to\\nhis powers of calorification, and that in such a cli-\\nmate he would find the temperature best adapted to\\nhis case, particularly if it be a dry climate, which\\nfavors the supplementary action of the skin.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 29\\nThis hypothesis of the relation between animal\\nheat and vital capacity is sustained by the thoracic\\ndimensions of the Esquimaux, who, though but five\\nfeet in stature, has the thorax of a man six feet tall.\\nOn the other hand, the native of the torrid zone,\\nthough much taller, lias a narrow and contracted\\nchest, as described by travellers and observed by\\nmyself. This difference of thoracic conformation\\nbetween the natives of the two thermal extremes is\\naccounted for upon the supposition that the require-\\nments of the Esquimaux are greater for animal heat\\nthan the native of the torrid zone, who generates\\nmore heat than he requires, which, if not carried off\\nby profuse sweating, would consume him with fever;\\nfor it has been long shown that sweating is a cooling\\nprocess, and that in a hot climate fever is always the\\nresult of a deficiency in this respect. There is\\nanother fact connected with the relation between\\nfunctional activity of the lungs and vital capacity\\nmentioned by travellers in the Andes, viz that in\\nconsequence of the diminished oxygen in a given\\nvolume of atmosphere, by reason of the greatly\\nrarified condition of the air at high altitudes, the\\nthorax and vital capacity increase to meet this\\nrequirement of the system; and hence the supposed,\\nand perhaps established, fact of the benefit resulting\\nto the consumptive from a long sojourn in this region,\\nindependent of the equable temperature which must\\nnecessarily exist at 8,000 feet altitude in the torrid\\nzone.\\nTakina: the above facts into consideratioii, w^e can\\nreadily understand that if the stamina of an indi-\\nvidual be sufficiently good to enable him to with-", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "56 fiiLLY Pine Region o^\\nstand the demaiids upon his power of calorification,\\nthat he would be materially benefitted by a chans^e\\nto a dry cold climate, such as St. Paul s, Canada, and\\nother res^ions it is now the fashion to recommend to\\nconsumptives. Unfortunately, however, there are a\\nvery few consumptives who avail themselves of this\\nclimate before their vital capacity is materially\\nreduced; and thus their power of calorification is so\\nimpaired as to be unable to supply the demands for\\nthis vitalizing principle, and functional, as Avell as\\norganic, decay is the necessary consequence of the\\nchange to that climate.* For such, a milder climate\\nis better sufficiently dry to favor cutaneous and\\npulmonary transpiration, and thus support the sup-\\nplementary action of the skin, and sufficiently cool\\nto enable the patient to take out-door exercise with-\\nout the enervating effect of too much warmth. Such\\na climate we believe to exist in the sand hill region\\nof Georgia and Carolina.\\nAs before stated, climate probably exerts very\\nlittle direct influence in the causation of Phthisis,\\nfarther than the mode and manner of life it engen-\\nders, and the daily hygrometric and thermal changes\\n*Dr. J. Farrar, of St. Paul, Minnesota, writes to the Hartford\\nConrant^ warning consumptives, in the advanced stages of disease,\\nagainst seeking relief in that State. The Doctor says: A more\\nchangeable climate from one extreme to another I have never expe-\\nrienced in this country. The changes are more sudden, too, than they\\nare in our New England States, thus making this climate totally\\nunadapted to iiatients suffering with bronchial or catarrhal complaints,\\nthough hundreds are annually sent here by their physicians and friends\\nfor a relief or a cure of the above troublesome, and not unfrequently\\nfatal, complaints. I have seen no evidence of the dryness of the ah-\\nhere in the interior of the State. I have yet to learn of a single\\ninstance wherein a patient with bronchial or catarrhal disease has been\\nin the least benetitted by this climate. But. on the other hand, they\\nare maladies continually originating in this State. Not afevysuck have\\nconsulted me in regard to their cases sine e my brief sojourn in St. Paul.\\nI invariably send all such (or rather advise them) to spend the winter\\nin South Carolina.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. gi\\nresulting from it. In order, therefore, to present\\nthis subject as fairly (to the consideration of medical\\nmen more particularly) as possible, and as my desire\\nis not to claim more for our region than it is richly\\nentitled to, lest I should be accused of exaggeration,\\nI shall endeavor to represent the habits and customs\\nof the native population as graphically as is consist-\\nent with truth and the plan of this work, since\\nthey bear an important relation to the subject.\\nHabits and Customs of the Wative I^opula-\\ntion wi the Sand Hill Hegion of South\\nCarolina and Georgia, with reference to\\ntheir bearing upon Pulmonary Consump-\\ntion,\\nThere is no region of the world, perhaps !N ew\\nEngland not excepted where the natives are more\\nfrugal and simple in their manner of living than are\\nthe farmers and well-to-do people of this region.\\nTheir diet, though plain, is amply nutritious to supply\\nthe demands of the system. Their clothing is suffi-\\nciently warm, though flannel is rarely worn by them.\\nTheir houses are built apparentl}^ with the view of\\nadmitting as much air as possible, and not to exclude\\nit; seldom plastered, rarely ceiled over-head; the\\nouter weather-boarding being the only protection\\nagainst the inclemencies of the weather. The win-\\ndows are constructed to admit light and air, since\\nthey are often not even closed with sash. Even in\\nthe coldest weather it is rare that the door is closed,\\nexcepting at night, when the family have retired, or\\nthe rain enters the house through it. A large fire-\\nplace, with a blazing fire, upon which the wood is\\npiled in enormous quantities, seems to roast the", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "32 Willy Pine R\\nEGION OP\\nfront, wliile the back is almost freezing. To one\\nunaccustomed to such habits it is not only trying to\\nthe temper, but most inimical to health. These\\npeople seem not to feel the discomfort, and, what is\\nmost singular, never contract colds from the unequal\\nheat of their bodies. Contrast this with the habit of\\nthe ]N ew England household, who are constrained\\n(perhaps by the severity of their climate) to double\\ntheir sashes, and close up their chimney with an air-\\ntight stove, in addition to which the doors are listed,\\nand only opened to atford ingress and egress to their\\nsitting room. The first habit ensures a free ingress\\nto a large amount of oxygen, at the expense of com-\\nfort to those unaccustomed to it; the other a danger-\\nous diminution of this vital principle, with more\\ntemporary comfort too sure in the end, however, to\\nresult disastrousl}^ to the occupants of such a dwell-\\ning, and which is, no doubt, one of the most positive\\ncauses of the great amount of Pulmonary disease\\ncommon to the inhabitants of that region. The resi-\\ndents of these Hills are essentially an agricultural\\npeople, and by reason of the mildness of the climate\\nare never forced to keep in doors, even in the most\\ninclement weather.\\nThe principal articles of diet are corn and wheaten\\nbread, vegetables, and such flesh as they are enabled\\nto rear themselves; and as the cows are only kept\\nfor milk, and sheep for wool, they are seldom killed;\\nconsequently, swine flesh and poultry enter very\\nlargely in their dietry, which is served up at every\\nmeal, viz Breakfast, dinner, and supper. Their\\ndrink is simply cold water, and a very weak decoc-\\ntion of badly burnt colfee Rio being generally pre-", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "pEORGIA AND SoUTH CAROLINA. gg\\nferred. Some few indulge habitually in the appe-\\ntizing- dram, though, unfortunately, this habit, I\\nlearn, has increased since the war. In the exemption\\nfrom disturbing causes to create a restless night,\\ntliey are generally sound sleepers; and having retired\\nearly, as is the custom of the people, they are early\\nrisers, and daylight finds them performing their cus-\\ntomary ablutions preparatory to a day s work. They\\nbreakfast at sunrise, dine at meridian, and sup at\\ndark. As all of their habits are such as to ensure a\\ncontinuance of health, a plenty of free air, and with\\nample clothing, food, and out-door exercise, there\\nseems to be nothing that can produce Tuberculosis.\\nThis description refers directly to the general popu-\\nlation, not to the wealthy few.\\nAitkin, in his most philosophical and practical\\nwork on practice of medicine, says, in speaking of\\nthe consumptive patient:\\nIt is important to secure for the patient a uniform,\\nsheltered temperature and mild climate to live in, witli\\na temperature at 60\u00c2\u00b0 Fall., and a range of not more than\\n10^ or 15^5 where also the air is dry, and the drinking-\\nwater pure and not hard.\\nA very near approximation to these conditions are\\nfound in this region, and particularly in the neigh-\\nborhood of Aiken, S. C, and at Summerville, near\\nAugusta, Georgia.\\nThese blessings are within the reach of every man\\nof moderate means. A few hundred dollars invested\\nin land and a house will enable him to surround him-\\nself with every comfort. The price of building-\\nmaterial and mechanical labor is such that a cotta j-e\\nto\\ncan be built, in a plain and comfortable manner, for", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "54 fliLLY J^iNE Region o^\\na few hundred dollars. Water can be obtained often\\nfrom spring s, and always from wells of the purest\\nkind and most refreshing temperature. For cheap-\\nness and certainty, there is no well so calculated to\\nmeet this requirement as the Tubular patent used by\\nthe British troops in their late march through the\\ndeserts of jAbyssinia upon Magdalla. The soil is\\nhere so light and free of boulders that the tube\\ncould be driven down without any difficulty to the\\nrequired depth, and when once it reaches the water-\\nbearing stratum, a never failing supply of water will\\nappear. Samples of these wells have been exhibited\\nin the city of Augusta, and their operation gave\\ngeneral satisfaction.\\nThere are thousands of acres of land awaiting\\npurchasers, the owners of which are anxious to sell,\\nat very low prices, to actual settlers who come to de-\\nvelope the resources of the country, and sow the\\nfruit-bearing seed, rather than discord between the\\nraces. To the former a hearty Southern welcome\\nwill be extended; the latter no one desires to see\\nThe great resources of this land have hitherto been\\nver}^ much overlooked, excepting by a few enter-\\nprising men, and cotton had taken the place of fruit.\\nThere are many ITew England and Middle State\\nfarmers who are now cultivating a few acres of land\\nin an unfavorable climate for health and longevity to\\nthemselves and family. I mean such as are tainted\\nwith hereditary consumption, who could sell these\\nlands for thirty times the price it w^ould take to estab-\\nlish themselves on comfortable farms here, which, in\\na few years. would yield them a handsome income\\nand an abundance of the finest fruits for their own", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 35\\nuse. The vine and the fig, the peach, pear, apple,\\napricot, etc., wonld soon yield them a super-\\nabundance of fruit. Their families would improve\\nin health, for, stimulated by the dry and bracing\\ninfluence of the climate by reason of their constant\\nout-door employment, winter or summer, they would\\ncontinually enjoy these hygienic influences.\\nIn this climate his children may romp and play\\nfrom morning to night in the open air, at all times of\\nthe day and in all seasons for there is scarcely a\\nday. Winter or Summer, Spring or Autumn, when\\nthey may not expose themselves with impunity.\\nThe ruddy cheeks and sturdy limbsof the little folks\\nattest to the benefit they derive from this habit of\\nliving out of doors; and there is no climate in the\\nworld, not excepting old England, where the chil-\\ndren present a more hardy and healthy appearance.\\nThe character of the soil is such as to require com-\\nparatively little labor for two horses here will do\\nthe work of four in the stifl: clay lands of other\\nregions.\\nTo the mau of fortune, who desires a mild and\\ngenial Winter atmosphere, and a safe retreat from\\nthe regions of a ^N^orthern climate, there is no country\\nwithin such easy distance as the Sand Hills of these\\nStates satisfying these requirements. Here he can\\nerect as cheap or expensive a villa as he may wish,\\nand enjoy all the appliances of wealth and luxury for\\nwhat a fashionable ball in his own stately mansion\\nat home would cost him; and though his family will\\nnot find here the gaiety of the fashionable watering\\nplace, yet a delightful social circle would soon be\\nestablished among themselves, and innocent and", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "^6 MiLLY Pine Region op\\nrational pleasures exchanged for the exacting require-\\nments of fashion, and the wearing and enervating\\ndissipations of the ball and the routf. There are\\nhundreds of families of this class who leave every\\nseason for climates accessible only by crossing the\\nJ^tlantic, when they could reach a better climate\\nonly two days by rail from the city of New York;\\nand so sudden is the change from the cold of the\\nNorth to the almost tropical Winter of this region,\\nthat it seems almost as marvellous as the fictitious\\nfeats performed by Aladdin s wonderful lamp. Once\\nhere, the pleasure of physical existence is soon real-\\nized in the buoyancy and lightness which seems to\\naccompany each deeply-drawn breath of the exhilar-\\nating air.\\nA JProtracted Residence Necessary to Expe-\\nrience the Full Benefit of the Climate,\\nTo experience the full benefit of a change of air\\nto this climate, the residence in it should be pro-\\ntracted so long as there is any lurking symptom of\\nlatent disease; for, though there are many, no doubt\\nnow living, to attest to the benefit of a few Winters\\nresidence, yet they are the exceptions to the rule, or\\nwere those who came into it before blood degrada-\\ntion had become established, and important organs\\nstructurally impaired.\\nAs a general thing, the first evidence of improve-\\nment is a manifest freedom of respiration which the\\npatient almost at once realizes; a return of the\\nnatural appetite and improved digestion; sound\\nsleep, undisturbed by much cough; and a desire of\\nbeing constantly out of doors. I have often heard", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 37\\nthe sick say Your air is so soothing that I cannot\\nsatisfy myself in breathing it. One old gentleman,\\nwho had travelled all over Europe and South\\nAmerica, formerly an eminent barrister of ^ew\\nOrleans, said to me\\nI long for the air of this climate when away from it\\nas did the hungry Jew in the wilderiies s for the manna\\nand were I a young man (he was then sixty years of\\nage), 1 would build me a cottage, and plant a vineyard\\nand fig trees, and live upon their fruits, and he\\nalmost tempted to return to primitive simplicity of\\nliving. The desire for living in the open air is something\\npeculiar to the climate of these hills the house seems\\nto be robbing me of a pleasure. I even envy the hours\\nlost in eating and sleeping.\\nThis feeling is not confined to a few, but is expe-\\nrienced by nearly all, and particularly those who are\\nstrono- enough to walk or ride.\\nThe great mistake which this class of patients\\nmake is, that they expect more from the climate\\nthan they should, because of this sudden ameliora-\\ntion of uncomfortable symptoms, forgetting that their\\ndisease is not only a local one, but a blood defect,\\nwhich only time and the observance of those hygienic\\nrules found beneficial elsewhere can entirely and\\npermanently remove. They expect, in other words,\\nthat the climate will act as promptly in checking\\ntheir disease as it does in some cases of Asthma, or\\na dose of Quinnia does an exacerbation of chill, or\\na full dose of opium on incipient catarrh forgetting,\\nor not knowing, perhaps, that in blood diseases the\\ncure mast be gradual, and that the influence of cli-\\nmate is indirectly upon it through the system,\\nplacing it in giich a conditioft as tja^t it may remove", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "38 Hilly Pine Region of\\ndisease by a power inherent to itself, which the\\ndoctors call Vis Natitra Medicairix.\\nIf the disease has originated in impaired digestion,\\nthe first step toward relief is to place the individual\\nunder such conditions as will improve the digestive\\nfunction, and thus give strength to the system, to\\nenable the patient to take such exercise as will main-\\ntain its healthv action. Toward this end the mind\\nshould be relieved of those influences calculated to\\ndepress it. The patient should avoid the crowded\\nhotel, filled, perhaps, with consumptives, many of\\nthem far gone in the disease the crowded sitting\\nroom, with its contaminated atmosphere, breathed by\\nmany diseased lungs for nothing is so essential to\\nhealthy and eflicient digestion as pure air and a\\nplenty of it, with a cheerful spirit.\\nThe inv^alid should always be stimulated by the\\ncheering influence of hope, and should never be\\nreminded of the fatal character of his disease, which\\nthe crowded hotel of a watering place* is too sure to\\ndo. It is a fortunate thing that this disease is one\\ncharacterized by great hopefulness, and here kind\\nnature exerts her beneficial sway, counteracting the\\nevil influences calculated to exert a baneful influence\\nupon disease. Thanks to improved means of treat-\\nment, and a more comprehensive knowledge of the\\ndisease, derived from carefully recorded statistics, we\\ncan now remove that dread of an inevitable fate, and\\nsay to our patient, you are not necessarily doomed to\\nsuffer without relief. There are hundreds of cases\\nwhich, to the best of our knowledge, have been\\ncured. Though we are not always cognizant of the\\nmeans, yet we believe that in most cases it has been\\n*This refers to crowded winter resorts for consuraptives.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 39\\nl)roiight about by an improved iiutntioii,and a proper\\nattention to those hygienic measures which are in\\nyour power to avail yourself of. The most important\\nof these is exercise commensurate with your strength\\nand to obtain this, you must seek a climate where\\nyou will be enabled to take daily out-door exercise;\\none not too warm or too cold, nor too dry or too\\nhumid if equable, so much the better but the\\nchanges which occur in our Southern climate may be\\ncounteracted by proper foresight and precautions, in\\nadapting your clothing to the changes of tempera-\\nture. Let your feet be always encased in warm\\nstockings and thick water-proof covering, and never\\nlose your daily exercise because the ground is damp.\\nGrentle exercise after eating is better than sitting\\naround a warm fire; and if you keep the body\\nwarm by sufiScient clothing, and by exercise which\\ndoes not fatigue, nature will perform her functions,\\nand repair, by healthful digestion, the waste resulting\\nfrom disease. To experience, however, the full\\nbenefit of exercise, the mind should be cheered by\\nthe society of a pleasant companion, or such pleas-\\nures as will serve to divert it as much aS possible\\nfrom the contemplation of bodily suffering. If you\\nhave a fondness for the beauties of nature, so much\\nthe better for you will find her smiling around you\\nat every step you take in the sunny climate of the\\nSouth. In the beautiful flowers which grow in pro-\\nfusion in its woods and fields, you have an endless\\nsource of pleasure, which diverts the mind of weary\\nthought. A friend once said to me, I beHeve the\\nstudy of Botany saved my life, by the exercise I was\\nobUged to take in its study. Often have I wan-", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "40 ffiLLY Pine Region of\\ndered, day after day, from breakfast to dinner, in\\nsearch of one or two rare plants, forgetting self and\\nthe fears of a relentless doom, which my reason and\\nthe medical opinion of the time led me to believe I\\ncould not evade. M}^ friends were anxious, lest I\\nshould be fatigued by my long walks be attacked\\nwith a hemorrhage in the woods, or lose the flesh I\\nhad gained by too much exercise. So far from any\\ninjury, I acquired flesh every day my strength, too,\\nimproved with the return of each bright day, which\\nenabled me to steal away with my box and book\\nand, though my search was often unavailing, yet I\\nalways acquired a good appetite and digestion, and\\nnow it has been many years since I have known what\\na cough is. I find my desire for knowledge to in-\\ncrease each day. In studying the morphology of the\\nvegetable world, I learned to trace causes to efl:ects,\\nand to admire the wisdom of that Being who, by the\\nsilent manifestation of His laws, declares, in the lan-\\nguage of the poet, that\\neach moss,\\nEach shell, each crawling insect, holds a rank.\\nImportant in the plan oif Him who framed\\nThis scale of beings, etc.\\nWhen I first came to the South years ago, I met\\nyoung persons like myself, in search of relief from\\ncoughs, who hoped to find it in lounging around the\\nboarding-house or hotels, basking in the sunshine ot\\nits delightful Autumn or Winter seasons, or perhaps\\ntaking short strolls around the town, or short walks\\nin the neighboring pine groves, to return to the hotel\\nand pass the remainder of the morning in lolling in\\nthe porch, or resorting to a biUiard room, or some\\nkind of amusement indoors. When dinner was an-", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 41\\nnounced, we repaired to the table crowded with\\nthose who were so harassed with coughing as not\\nonly to interfere with their own enjoyment of the\\nmeal, but to prevent others from doing so likewise.\\nI have always thought that a certain amount of plea-\\nsure at table was essential to good digestion, and\\nresolved to find private quarters for myself elsewhere.\\nFortunately, I was enabled to get such through the\\nkindness of a gentleman who offered me a room in\\nhis house and a seat at his table. In this family, for\\nhe was a married man, I found every attention that\\nI could have desired, and in his society a most charm-\\ning and delightful companionship. To his many\\nacquirements he added a thorough knowledge of the\\nBotany of the country; and it was through his con-\\nversation and teaching that I was induced to continue\\nthe study of that science, of which I soon became\\nenamored.\\nIf others, who have both time and the means to\\npursue some branch of natural history, would only\\nprofit by the example of this gentleman, they, too,\\nwould find returning health and strength to reward\\nthem for their labor in the pursuit of knowledge,\\nwhich the German philosopher and poet, Lessing,\\nsays, if I mistake not, is pleasanter than its attain-\\nment.\\nTo those who are fond of the sports of the field\\nwith dog and gun, which Hawker so beautifully\\ndescribes, the woods and fields of the Sand Hill\\nregion offer great inducements. I have known two\\ngood shots in the neighborhood of Aiken, S. C, in\\nthe month of l!^ovember, to kill singly on the wing\\nfifty-six partridges (or quail, as they are called North),\\n3", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "4^ Hilly Pine Region oP\\nbeside doves and rabbits to swell the imraber to\\nseventy head, or thirtv-five brace. The manner of\\nhunting this game is peculiar to the South. The\\nsportsman mounts a horse which stands fire, and\\nrides while his dog courses around in search of game;\\nwhen he points, the gunner dismo ints, ties his horse\\nto some hanging bough, flushes the covey, ainl pur-\\nsues it until he has killed as many of the birds as he\\ncan find. He is thus enabled to cover a large space\\nof ground in a day s hunt, without any fatigue to\\nhimself\\nIn the Spring, Summer, and early Autumn, the\\nstreams of this region, and the mill ponds, of which\\nthere are a great many, abound in trout, bream, and\\nperch, which are often taken with the hook and line\\nin large numbers. The trout sometimes attains to a\\nlarge size, for I have known a celebrated Chancellor,\\nas distinguished for his love of this sport as for his\\nknowledge of law, who captured once, in Croft s\\npond, near Aiken, one which weighed ten pounds\\nsometime after he had been caught. The bream is\\nalso a fine fish, affording the sportsman mucli plea-\\nsure in pulling him from the water, and good eating\\nafterwards. The perch is also a very fine pan fish.\\nDeer and wild turkeys are found in some portion of\\nthese hills in the neighborhood of the water courses\\nand thickets bordering on them, and many of these\\nare brought to market by the country people. In\\ncertain localities duck shooting is ver}^ good.\\nA Few Words in delation to Dietitic and\\nHygienic Mules which should be Observed\\nby Invalids Coming South.\\nThere are many invalids who visit the Sand Hill", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 43\\nregion of Georgia and South Carolina who are sat-\\nisfied with a short ride on horseback, or a short\\nstroll around the town, and think they have complied\\nwith the demands of their systems and the advice of\\ntheir physicians in so doing. To such I would offer\\nthe following advice Live in the open air as much\\nas possible, and take such exercise as is compatible\\nwith your strength. A little dampness in the atmos-\\nphere should never keep you in doors; a day in the\\nhou e, unless it is actually storming, will do you\\nmore harm than any injury you will receive by being\\nin damp weather, providing your body be kept warm\\nwhile out and dry by proper covering. I know\\nseveral gentlemen who were supposed, and in fact\\nknown, to be consumptive before they entered the\\narmy during our recent civil war, and who assured\\nme that their health improved every month that\\nthey were exposed to the inclemencies of the Winter\\nin Virginia. It is not the bivouac and march which\\ndiseases the soldier, but the barrack and the camp.\\nI knew many men who came into the hospital I had\\ncharge of during the war, who confessed that the\\nlife of the soldier in the field had benefited them.\\nI kept a record of many of these cases, but had the\\nmisfortune to lose it on my homeward journey after\\nthe surrender of Richmond, and regret to find no\\ndata, referring to the influence of field service upon\\nTuberculous Phthisis, in the Sanitary Commission\\nReport, published 1867. All authorities, however,\\nboth in and out of the profession (for there are many\\nwho can speak experimentally on the subject), urge\\nthe necessity of avoiding confinement to the house\\neven at the expense of damp clothing; providing", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "44 Hilly Pine Region of\\nthey are only warm while taking exercise. A gen-\\ntleman, then in the last stage of the disease, once\\nconsulted me in Maryland, who stated that two years\\nbefore he and two others had started for California\\nacross the plains on horseback, in company with a\\ntrain of emigrants, by the advice of their phj^sicians,\\neach of them having had hemorrhage from the lungs,\\nand other unmistakable symptoms of consumption.\\nHe said that the dread of dying away from his\\nfriends, and on the bleak plains, so acted upon his\\nfears that his faith failed him, and that, like poor\\nPliable, he turned back, after being out two weeks.\\nHis companions, however, continued on, and are now\\nboth well, and carrying on their respective callings\\nin the N orth. He stated that the exposure seemed\\nto benefit him, and, after the first one or two days,\\nthe exercise ceased to fatigue him and though the\\noccasional showers wet his clothes, it gave him no\\ninconvenience. People, he said, attribute the\\ngreat improvement derived from these journeys\\nacross the plains to the climate, but I am inclined to\\nthink it is living on horseback, in the open air,\\nwhich a man can do in any good climate. If, with\\nthis exercise, the patient indulges in simple but an\\namply nutritious diet, avoiding artificial stimulation\\nto improve appetite, he will do well. But, above all,\\nhe should avoid alcoholic stimulants, excepting a\\nlittle at each meal, for nothing is so injurious as alco-\\nholic beverages on an empty stomach. I am aware\\nthat there is a general impression prevailing, both in\\nand out of the profession, but more particularly out\\nof it, that alcoholic stimulant, in some of its forms,\\nis a most valuable curative means in the treatment", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 45\\nof Tuberculosis. To a very limited extent this is no\\ndoubt true, but as a general thing, to be beneficial,\\nthe patient must become a martyr to an evil greater\\nin every respect than the disease for my experience\\nleads me to hold to the opinion that, in the great\\nmajority of instances, those who prolong their lives\\nby its use die martyrs to drink, only prolonging by\\nthis agent a life whose moral^degradation is worse\\nthan an early death. These remarks are not intended\\nfor those who use it by medical advice in moderation\\nduring meals, as an adjunct to the general treatment\\nof deranged digestion, which in some cases cannot\\nbe met by any other means, perhaps. The rule for\\nits use should be that observed by the physician\\nwhen he finds it necessary in diseases attended with\\ndebility or prostration, viz to discontinue its use as\\nsoon as he finds ii to produce feverish excitement,\\nindicated by flushing of the face and inordinate\\nexcitement of the pulse; for these aie certain signs\\nthat its eftect is injurious, and that the consequent\\ndepression will certainly be greater than that w^hich\\npreceded its use.\\nI feel much hesitation in expressing such decided\\nopposition to the use of a remedy of which indi-\\nviduals generally deem themselves the best judges\\nbut having seen great evil resulting from its use, in\\na medical point of view, I feel constrained to express\\nan opinion derived from an experience b}^ no means\\nlimited. If its excessive use was sure to result inva-\\nriably in a cure, there would be some excuse for\\nholding to it but since it is not only not^a specific,\\nbut is positively injurious in many cases, since its\\ninordinate use has been known to cause Phthisis", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "46 fliLLY Pine JIegion of\\nwhere it was only suspected to exist, we are au-\\nthorized to raise a question as to its benefits when\\nthe physical and moral evils are so great. Indeed, as\\nan exciting cause of Phthisis, it is one of the\\nmost positive, laying the foundation of gastric de-\\nbility, retarding secretion and excretion, and inter-\\nfering in every w^ay with that nice balance in the\\nfunctions of all the organs, which, like the regular\\nmovements of a well adjusted machine, is immedi-\\nately arrested by the breaking of a single pivot.\\nThat lassitude, which always supervenes upon the\\ninordinate use of alcoholic beverages, is most delete-\\nrious to the consumptive, since he should always\\nbear in mind that he is constantly contending against\\na powerful foe, and, like a skilful general, he should\\nhusband all of his resources for the constant and un-\\nremitting battle waged upon him. Mens sana in\\ncorpore sano should be the motto engraved upon the\\nmind of every man, and to preserve the equable\\nbalance of the two requires the constant watchful-\\nness of the intelligence with which we are endowed;\\nand a remed}^ so calculated to disease the one, though\\nunder certain conditions it may improve the other,\\nmakes it an agent which the conscientious man\\nshould use and recommend with great caution. Such\\nis the responsibihty which has presented itself to me\\nwhen I have thought its use indicated, for so insid-\\nious is the vice of drink that it seizes upon some\\nconstitutions like a consuming fire suddenly and\\nquickly while in others a larger indulgence is neces-\\nsary before the habit becomes fixed, but once estab-\\nlished, is sure to cling with unyielding tenacity to its\\nvictim. This vice of constitution, for such it becomes,", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 47\\nis not confined to sex nor age, moral or immoral\\nall are alike liable to become its slaves, unaware of\\nthe clanger, perhaps, until the eli ort is made to\\nabandon it. If the experience of ev^ery physician\\nwas appealed to, I have no doubt that the truth of\\nthe above remarks would be corroborated. As\\nbefore stated, the objection to its use is not intended\\nto apply to all cases under the advice of the medical\\nattendant, but simply to point out the evils of its\\ngeneral use, under the popular impression that a\\nbttle can do no harm, and that it is invariably\\nbeneficial in the treatment of Pulmonary Consump-\\ntion.\\nFatty Food Sometitnes Deleter ions.\\nReturning again to the subject of diet the general\\nimpression among consumptives is, that they should\\nindulge in much fatty food. As a general rule, this\\nis, perhaps, true; but in some instances fat, with\\nsaccharine food, is converted into butyric acid, which\\nthen becomes a poison to the system rather than\\nnutritious, and when this is the case it should be\\nabandoned as soon as the patient discovers any\\nacidity of stomach to occur after eating. Antacids\\nin these cases will avail nothing: the only remedy is\\nto avoid the cause. Carbonate Soda and Alkalis\\nare generally injurious in Phthisis, since they\\ntend to increase the watery condition of the\\nblood. This advice may seem out of place in a work\\nintended only to show the remedial inttuence of the\\nclimate of our region upon Phthisis but the author\\nfeels that often-times the climate is reproached for\\nits inefiiciency, when really it is not in fault, and", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "48 fliLLY Pine Region of\\nerror in diet, or some bad habit, is constantly coun-\\nteracting its beneficial and remedial influence. An-\\nother reason for volunteering the above suggestion\\nis, that there are many patients who, from various\\nmotives, prefer not consulting a resident physician,\\nand thus they remain ignorant of the cause of\\nderanged digestion, forgetting the fact that in a mild\\nclimate much fatty food is not as essential to the pro-\\ncess of calorification as in a cold one, and, therefore,\\nis not borne so well.\\nTo the wealthy class of invalids who find it neces-\\nsary to visit the Southern climate every Winter, I\\nwould suggest that they obtain their own residences,\\nbuild, if they can t rent them, comfor/:able to their\\nideas of comfort. A Winter villa in this climate\\nmay prove far more beneficial to them than a Sum-\\nmer one on the Hudson or the sea shore, and when\\nthere is no longer occasion for it, it can be sold or\\nrented without dififtculty. Were it known generally\\nat the IN orth that comfortable cottages could be rented\\nfor the Winter season in the town of Aiken, S. C,\\nor Summerville, near Augusta, Ga., there are, no\\ndoubt, many families who would avail themselves of\\nthe opportunity cf coming South for the season, who\\nare deterred from doing so by the want of such resi-\\ndences. As a pecuniary investment, it would prove\\nvery remunerative, since building is cheap and rents\\nare high.\\nThere is another class of sufferers from the regions\\nof the Northern climate to whom I would address\\nthe following remarks I mean the hard-working\\nmechanic and small tradesman, who, perhaps, has\\nsaved a few thousand, or even a few hundred, dollars.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South pAi^OLmA. 4^\\nlie finds that the cold is very ti\\\\yiiig to him a hack-\\ning cough, restless nights, and pains in his chest dis-\\nturh him. He is induced, perhaps, to ask medical\\nadvnce. The phj^sician finds unmistakahle evidences\\nof IMithisis in liis diminished vital capacity, acceler-\\nated pulse, gradual emaciation, shortness of breath,\\nand other signs generally indicative of the disease.\\nIf he remains in the climate pursuing his avocation,\\nthe relentless destroyer will seize upon him irre-\\ntrievably. He cannot aftbrd to leave his family,\\nabandoning his business, and carrying with him the\\nsavings of years of toil in search of that which he\\nmay not find, unless he avoids a return to his home\\nand his avocations, and, therefore, he is compelled to\\nstay at home, and trust to remedial means only cal-\\nculated to postpone his almost certain fate if he\\nremains. To this man, while not too late, the Sand\\nHill region of Georgia and C arolina offer not only a\\nhome at very little cost, but greater chances of\\nrecovery from his disease than he can elsewhere find,\\nwith far greater comfort tlian he could possibly enjoy\\nin a colder climate, and an abundance of every fruit\\nand grain, with the assurance that if he should be\\ncalled from this life he will leave his family a com-\\nfortable home and ample means of living the\\nremainder of their lives.\\nIn the preceding pages I have addressed myself to\\nthose invalids who are strong enough to avail them-\\nselves of the advantages offered by this clinnxte for\\nout-door exercise. When from any cause, but par-\\nticularly from advanced disease, they are unable to\\ndo this, the comforts of home and the consoling\\nsociety of friends ofler them greater advantages,\\n4", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "50 fiiLLY Pine Region of\\nprobably, than they could find here, for a cliaiige of\\nclimate to such persons, with the attendant fatigue\\nand change of habits and discomforts they may meet\\nwith, would be more injurious than any benefit\\nfrom change of climate, the main advantage being\\nthe facility it offers for daily out-do(^r exercise in a\\ndry atmosphere.\\nIn concluding this part of the work, I will again\\nstate that a permanent benefit can onl} be hoped for\\nfrom a permanent or very protracted residence in\\nthis reo^ion. The debilitatino: influence of the cli-\\nmate is more imaginarj^ tliau real, for the heat, though\\nmore protracted, is never as great as in the Middle\\nStates at midsummer and the uiglits are, in conse-\\nquence of the dry nature of the air, always very\\npleasant, and toward morning quite cool. There\\nare many cases of recovery when the residence has\\nbeen permanent, but only an amelioration when it\\nhas been of slu^t duration, too sure to be attended\\nby a return of symptoms as soon as the same exciting\\ncauses which first induced the disease again come\\ninto play.\\nFor farther information in relation to the climate,\\nsee Article Climatology, Part Second.\\nPuhnonary Constnnj tion a Curable\\nDisease.\\nThe question of the curability of Pulmonary Con-\\nsumption is no longer one which the enlightened\\nphysician of the present day denies. There are\\nstill living, however, some old physicians, or were a\\nfew years ago, who are so prejudiced by preconceived\\nopinions and obsolete doctrines as to say they have", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 51\\nnever cured a case of true Phthisis in their lives, and\\ndeny tlie previous existence of the disease in these\\ncases, which have been supposed hy the more modern\\ndoctor to be actual recoveries. That they have\\nnever relieved a case is not to be wondered at, since\\nthe tlrst remedial means they resort to is probably a\\ncough mixture, containing squills, tartar emetic, and\\nopium, to allay irritation with some mucilaginous\\npreparation to lubricate the air passages, applying a\\nlarge bUster to subdue Pleuritic inflammation, enjoin\\nclose conflnement to the room, if not to the bed, to\\nprevent serious results from exposure with a blis-\\ntered surface. This was the practice of their day.\\nThanks to improved means of research and a\\nclearer knowledge of pathology of the disease, these\\nfatal errors of the past and early part of the present\\ncentury have nearly passed away with the men who\\norio-inated them. When we read of the vaunted\\nspecifics for consumption published to the world by\\nlearned professors and distinguished practitioners,\\nsuch as Arsenic, Prussic Aci l, Iodine, Mercury,\\nC^alomel, bleeding, etc., can we be surprised at the\\ninfluence of 8t. John Long, the school of inhalers\\nnow infesting the land, it id genus omne, since they\\nthemselves sanctioned quackery under the guise of\\nscience We may now hope, however, that as clearer\\nviews of the pathology of the disease have led to a\\nmore rational, philosophical, and far more successful\\ntreatment, that numy more cures will appear, and thus\\nremove this opprobrium of medicine.\\nIt, therefore behooves every man in the profession\\nof medicine who desires the good of his race, and\\nthe advancement of medical science, to add his mite", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "^2 fliLLY Pine R\\nEGION OF\\nof knowledge to the accumulating stores of facts,\\nfrom which it is to be hoped that some great mind\\nlike New^ton. in physical science, will one day an-\\nnounce the true etiology of disease, a knowledge of\\nwhich will lead to a more certain treatment of Pul-\\nmonary phthisis and kindred diseases, both as to\\nprevention and cure.\\nThough groping still in the dark, the votaries of\\nmedical science are slowly discovering a light here\\nand there, to urge them on in the right path; and\\nthought it is small and as dim even as the organic\\ncell of Schwan, and the spore of Mitchell, Salis-\\nbury, and others, yet it is calculated to bring joy\\nand hope to the heai-t of the aged votary whose path\\nhas been beset by false lights and quicksands.\\nIt is a trite saying among the unprofessional that\\nmedicine makes no advance; that, while other\\nsciences are revealing the hidden laws of nature,\\nmedicine is standing still; and that diseases kill as\\nsurely as thej have done, or that nature, if left to\\nherself, will more surely conduct the patient through\\nan attack than your boasted science of medicine.\\nThose wdio recollect medicine, as it w^as, may\\nbelieve this but those w^ho know it as it is, know\\nthe accusation to be unjust, and in no case is its\\nfalsity more clearly proven than in the disease uiider\\nconsideration. The statistics of John Hughes Ben-\\nnett of Edinburgh, the records of the Brompton Hos-\\npital, London; and many writers, clearly show nu-\\nmerous cases of recover}^ under the more rational and\\nphilosophical treatment, and each day is adding to\\nthe number of recoveries and escapes from this fell\\ndestroyer of civilized man so that we may hope that", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 33\\nthe day is not fur distant when our knowledge will\\nbecome so positive as to enable us to restore lost\\nconfidence in our art, and persuade mankind to adopt\\na more rational mode of life, based upon known\\nhygienic laws.\\nThat our present artificial mode of life, with its\\ncares and anxieties, its mental and physical lal)or,\\nthe w^ear and tear of mind and body incident thereto,\\nare greatly conducive to Phthisis, there can be no\\nquestion.\\nThe l^orth American Indian, we are informed by\\nRush, was entirely exempt from this disease until he\\nadopted the habits and vices of the white man (the\\ngreat exponents of civilization) and though we can-\\nnot possibly adopt his habits and customs, yet we\\nmay imitate his virtues, and learn a lesson from his\\nhabits which may aid us materially in consummating\\nso great an object as the mitigation of a disease\\nwhich, to a great extent, has grown out of the customs\\nand habits of civihzation. The Indian knew nothing\\nof alcoholic stimulants. His food was obtained by\\nthe chase, wliich he followed on foot with the speed\\nof the dog; his lungs were thus duly expanded, and\\nhis l)lood pi operly aerated. With closed mouth and\\nhead erect, he w^ould run for miles in pursuit of the\\ndeer, w^ounded by the shaft his own strong arm had\\nlaunched. When he sought repose from his fatiguing\\nchase, there were no anxieties or fears of ruin and\\nthe contumely of his race to disturb the sleep, which\\nthe man of civilization too often seeks in vain upon\\nhis downy pillow in his illy-ventilated chamber.\\nThere are evils, it may be said, which are incidental\\nto, and inseparable from, society as at present organ-\\nized and who can escape from them, unless he is", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "54 Hilly Pine Region op\\nwilling to abandon everj thing wliicli makes life a\\nblessing This is certainly a forcible argument, bnt\\nthe query is not unanswerable for every man has it\\nin his power to resist the evil influences he too often\\nyields a willii g assent to, until he is reminded of his\\nthoughtlessness by diseased action in his own system.\\nThe first premonitions of decay are unheeded; he\\ngoes on from day to day, conlining himself to the\\nwearing exertions of business his stores of wealth\\nare increasing from month to mouth, but he has not\\nyet enough of wordly goods to satisfy his wants.\\nThat word enough, which has been defined, very\\ntruly, to mean a little more than au}^ man has, is\\nnever realized, and thus he pursues the ignus fatuus\\nuntil he hnds himself standing alone upon the dark\\nboundaries of another world, where his wealth can\\navail him nothing. This desire of wealth, this strain-\\ning ever}^ nerve to attain it, is one of the most pro-\\nlific causes of consumption, the first premonitions of\\nwhich come in time to ward off the danger, had the\\nadvice of science been heeded, in the abandonment\\nof business and retirement for rest and recuperation\\nin a genial climate and less confining avocations.\\nTliat Pulmonary Consumption is a disease of the\\nblood, no one with our present light will deny and\\nherein lies the difficulty of its removal. But yet it\\nis not incurable and though not amenable to drug\\nmedication, yet, by restoring faulty nutrition, we\\nplace the system in a condition to aid materially in\\nits own restoration. By what means is this to be\\nattained We answer, by cutting off, if possible,\\nthe causes which brought about the disease. If our\\nhouses are badly ventilated, as most of them are in\\nvery cold climates, improve them. If our business", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina,\\neonliiies ns in-doors, walk or ride, not drive in a close\\ncarriage, to our place of business. Appropriate cer-\\ntain portions of the da}^ to out-door exercise; let\\nour diet he plain, hut nutritious, and leisurely eaten.\\nTo a henlthy man, wine, beer, aiul brandy, in ever\\nso small a quantity, are injurious to ninety-lnne in a\\nhundred, b} retarding excretion and seci ction. Coffee\\nand tea, though less stimulating, are suilicientl} so,\\nand very nutritious and prophylactic against disease.\\nTol)acco destroys the life of any animal when used\\ntoo freely, and no man who lias learned its use can\\nforget the deadly sickness wdiich supervened at first\\nupon its use.\\nLate hours rob nature of that repose slie re(piires\\nto restore functional activity and organic integrity.\\nCares and anxieties, though they are inseparable\\nfrom our existence, are oftener created l)y artificial\\nthan natural wants.\\nIncentives to excitement are oftener sought after\\nthan avoided.\\nLust arrays herself in voluptuous beauty to excite\\nour too willing senses, and we run to, rather than fly\\nfrom, her fasciiuiting and enervating embraces; and\\nthus, appetite, by indulgence, comes to feed upon\\nitself, until satiety or disease destroys the power of\\nenjoyment. These are all exciting causes of this\\ndisease, and terrible aggravators when once devel-\\noped.\\nLi Europe, and in the large cities of our own\\ncountry, there are medical men who devote them-\\nselves to the study of special diseases, and conse-\\nquently they l)ecome famihar with every phase and\\nform they assume, on account of tlie great nund)er of", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "56 MiLLY Pine R\\nEGION OF\\ncases presented to tlicir observation, both in private\\nand hospital practice. They thns learn to discern\\nthese diseases in their incipiency, and study them\\nfrom day to day in their progress toward recovery or\\ndeath. The wide-spread and fatal influence of Pul-\\nmonary Consumption has made it a speciality with\\nsome of the greatest and most original minds in tlie\\nmedical profession, and through the results of their\\nexperience, published in their many works on the\\nsubject, do we draw our conclusions as to pathology\\nand treatment.\\nUnless there be something radically wrong in the\\nconstitution of our minds, which leads us to select\\nerror rather than truth, we cannot deny the force of\\ntheir deductions if they be based upon known truths.\\nWe are, therefore, constrained to admit the proba-\\nbility of their statements, unless we condemn them\\nin toto, and accuse them of falsifying facts, which\\nwould be simply absurd, to say nothing of the injus-\\ntice of such an accusation. But, when these deduc-\\ntions are sustained by the results of post mortem\\nexaminations, witnessed by many, and corroborated\\nby tlie statements of third parties, or perhaps the\\nknown history of the case, obtained from distatit\\npractitioners, we certainly cannot be accused of cre-\\ndulity in beheving their statements, particularly\\nwhen w^e daily see under our very eyes corrobo-\\nrating cases. Hence, we believe in the\\nSpontaneous Cure of JPhfJiisis^\\nBy which is meant a removal of the symptoms\\nand signs of the disease, by some agency unknown\\nto the individual or physician, restoring the lung to", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 57\\nits healthy play. That this oftener occurs is a\\nfixmihar fact to the student of morbid anatomy, who\\nconstantly finds evidence indisputable of the spon-\\ntaneous cure of Pulmonary Consumption in the\\ncicatrices, found in the lungs surrounded by the\\npliosphatic concretions so common in Phthisis, which,\\nhaving healed, and leaving a large portion of healthy\\nlung to the patient, who, having died of some other\\ndisease, thus yielded testimony as to the curability\\nof this disease. In fact, all organic diseases, in the\\nlanguage of Hues Bennett, occasionally presented\\na tendency to spontaneous cure; who farther says:\\nHe was repeatedly meeting with instances where,\\nalthough deatli was occasioned by disease in one organ,\\nthere were others which presented traces of previously\\nexisting lesions, which in some way had healed. In no\\norgans were such more common than in the lungs, and\\nof no disease was evidence of a spontaneous cure more\\nfrequent than of Pulmonary Tuherculosis.\\nThe author endeavors to show, what is now gen-\\nerally acted upon by the intelligent and judicious\\nphysician, viz\\nThat Tuberculose disease will heal of itself, if the\\nfaulty nutrition be remedied.\\n2d. That, with this object, our efforts should be\\ndirected to the digestive rather than the respiratory\\nsystem and\\n3d. That the kind of abnormal nutrition which exists\\nis dependent on increased assimilation of the fatty por-\\ntions of the food.\\nHence, he recommends that the general plan of\\ntreatment should be to cause the reception of the\\ndeficient elements of nutrition, and is, therelbre, not\\ntonic or stimulating, but analeptic or restorative.\\nDr. J. Hues Bennett is entitled to the credit of\\nhaving first acted upon these principles, and of iutro-\\n5", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "38 Hilly Pine |Iegion o^\\nducing from Germany the treatment of Phthisis\\nwith Cod Liver oil, and of estahlishing the pathology\\nupon which it is administered.\\nThat this is a disease arising from a vitiated devel-\\nopment of cells, there is now, I helieve, no question;\\nproven by the researches of Claude Bernard, but\\nmore particularly Muller. They state that this\\nvitiated development arises from an abnormal con-\\ndition of the blastema. It is absolutely necessary\\nthat the blastema should contain glycose, albumen,\\nand fat, and the absence of any one of these, in the\\nlanguage of Bernard, is an inseparable barrier to\\ncell evolution.\\nThis, then, being the accepted pathology of Tu-\\nbercle, the indications of treatment naturally adopted\\nshould be to place the patient under the most favor-\\nable condition for the maintenance of all the func-\\ntions, and more particularly that of the digestive\\norgans and skin, so intimately connected with the\\nrespiratory process through its supplementary action.\\nThe impairment of this latter function may be caused\\nby several agencies, of which humidity is one of the\\nprincipal, which fact has been adduced in a previous\\npage.\\nThere are many facts in the history of Pulmonary\\nConsumption which lead us to infer that the first\\nlink in the chain of morbid actions is faulty diges-\\ntion and ultimately defective haematosis, and lastly,\\nto defective cell evolution, as already shown.\\nThe importance of maintaining the integrity of\\nthe digestive function is, therefore, self-evident, and\\nwe should, consequently, caution our patients against\\nthe use of vaunted specifics, and the thousand and", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "pEOtiGlA AND South Carolina. 59\\none cough mixtures, so commonly used even in this\\nday of clear pathological views by those who have\\nnever taken the pains to inform themselves of the\\naccepted pathology and treatment of the disease, and\\nwho counteract, by these mixtures, the very condi-\\ntion the intelUgent physician is endeavoring to bring\\nout, viz healthy digestion.\\nDr. Bennett says, with respect to the curability of\\nPhthisis\\nI have conversed with most of the distinguished\\nphysicians in this country and on the continent, and\\ntind that they are ail enabled to refer to cases which\\nthey are even satisfied have undergone a permanent\\nrecovery, even where cavities have existed in the lungs,\\nand all the advanced symptoms of the disease have\\nbeen present. Page 51. Ed. 1853 Edinburgh.\\nAnd again, page 77\\nIt follows, from all the information I have been able\\nto collect, that that climate is best which will enable\\nthe patient to pass a few hours every day in the open\\nair, without exposure to cold or vicissitudes of temper-\\nature on the one hand, or excessive heat on the other.\\nWherever such a favored locality may be found during\\nthe Winter and Spring months, its advantages should\\nbe considered as dei endent on exercise, and on the\\nstimulus given to the nutritive functions, etc.\\nSuch a cHmate, we propose to show, exists in the\\nSand Hill region of South Carolina and Georgia.\\nIn the selection of a residence for the Pulmonary\\nsufferer, we would, before considering the climatic\\npeculiarities of such a region, first and naturally\\ninquire whether Pulmonary Consumption existed to\\nany extent in it among the native population. The\\nfact of this comparative exemption of our region we\\nhope to show first, by quotations from writers ou", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "6o\\nHilly Pine Region oti^\\nthe subject; second, by letters from resident physi-\\ncians of hio:h standini^: and Ions: residence in the\\nlocaUty; and third, by non-professional, but experi-\\nmental, sufferers, who, having themselves experi-\\nenced the benefit, are desirous of giving others the\\nadvantage of their experience.\\nIn the September number of De Bovfs Jievieiv,\\n1866, page 27, in speaking of the Sand Hill climate\\nof South Carolina, but more particularly that of the\\nneighborhood of Aiken, S. C, which differs very\\nlittle, if at all, from that of the northeastern portion\\nof these Hills in Georgia, this paragrapli occurs\\nFUTURE OF SOUTH CAROLINA.\\nIn regard to the benefieial effects of the climate, your\\neoiTimittee can s])eak from personal knowledge as well\\nas from observation of its effects, as sevei*al have been\\ninduced to locate here on account of ill health, cither of\\nthemselves or some member of their Axmily, and most\\ncheerfully do they bear testimony to the good result.\\nMany eminent medical ])ractitioners who are acquainted\\nwith this locality, as J)r. Dickson, of Philadelphia, Dr.\\nGeddings, of Charleston, and others, recommend their\\nconsumptive patients to try this climate.\\nAnd again, page 27, fourth paragraph\\nThe reputation of Aiken is not based on a few isolated\\ncases, but on the fact that hundreds of invalids, in\\nvarious stages of their several complaints, have been\\nbenefited by a residence here. Not that all have been\\ncured, but that very many have been relieved.\\nDr. Amony Coffin, a resident physician of the\\ntown of Aiken for twenty years, wliose experience\\nin this disease is surpassed by no one, has written a\\nvery excellent article on the influence of the climate,\\npublished at length by Kev. John Cornish, Rector\\nof St. Thaddeus Church (Episcopal), Aiken, S. C,", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 6i\\nill a little pamphlet, entitled A Home for Invalid\\nClergymen, says\\nThat this dryness, and consequent purity of air, acts\\nbeneficially on persons affected with such diseases of\\ndebility as are typified by Tuberculosis, can only be\\nproved experimentally by the cases of thousands who\\nhave been materially benefited by a sojourn here.\\nIn an article published in the Confederate States\\nMedical and Siirr/ical Journal, Kichmond, Va., IN o-\\nveniber, 1864. by Dr. E. S. Gaillard, now of Louis-\\nville, Ky., in relation to the climate of Aiken, he\\nthus sums up its distinguishing characteristics, which\\nare\\nIts peculiar dryness of atmosphere, its temperate and\\nequable temperature, its freedom from sudden violent\\natmospheric changes, and absence of frost for two-thirds\\nof the year; its freedom from fogs and malarial dis-\\neases, and the general prevalence of soft southern and\\nsoutheasterly breezes.\\nDr. L. A. Dugas, wdiose reputation as a writer,\\nlecturer, and practitioner, should give great weight to\\nhis views, and who has enjoyed an extensive practice\\nin this region for many years, has been kind enough\\nto send me the following letter\\nAugusta, Ga., January 2, 1869.\\nDr. 8 E. Habersham:\\nDear 8ir\u00e2\u0080\u0094 In a note recently received from you, 1\\ntind the following request: Will you do me the favor\\nto give me the results of your experience and observa-\\ntion as to the influence exerted by this climate upon\\nTubercular Consumption and kindred diseases? I will\\nendeavor to make my reply as l)rief as possible.\\nHaving commenced the practice of my rofession in\\n1831, after s])en(ling several years in preparing myself\\nfor it in the cohler sections of our country, and in\\nEurope, where Tubercular affections and Typhoid Fever\\nconstitute a great majority of the cases treated in hos-", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "62 Willy JPine Region of\\npitals, I was very soon forcibly impressed with the\\nrarity of those diseases in this section, in comparison\\nwith what I had seen elscAvhere. Indeed, some six or\\nseven years elapsed before I saw the first case of\\ngenuine Typhoid Fever, when this form of fever first\\nbegan to show itself here. I need scarcely add that\\nsince that time Typhoid Fever has gradually invaded\\nand extended over all the Southern States. Tubercu-\\nlosis in its various forms, and especially Phthisis Pul-\\nmonalis, was scarcely ever seen, except in those who\\nfled from the North in order to escape it, and among\\nthe negroes imported from Maryland and Virginia,\\nwhere they had inherited the tendency. Such a radical\\nchange in the field of my observation could not fail to\\nattract my attention, and to impress me as before\\nstated.\\nIn 1836, I had occasion to examine the mortuary\\nrecords of the city sexton as far back as they could be\\nfound, for the purpose of preparing an article on the\\nsubject for the Southern 3Iedical and Surgical Journal^\\npublished in this city. The result of this, as well as of\\nsubsequent researches, furnishes a striking confirmation\\nof the correctness of my impressions.\\nIt seems to me that the best test of the influence of\\nclimate upon the development of Tuberculosis must be\\nfound in the relative frequency of such cases among\\nthe natives of this and of other sections who remain at\\nhome. Judged by this standard, it will be readily ascer-\\ntained that, while Phthisis Pulmonalis is very common\\nin our Northern States among the natives, it is quite\\nrare here among our own people. I knoAV of very few\\nnative families in Augusta who have ever suff ered from\\nconsumption, and these have ordy lost one or two mem-\\nbers by it. I doubt that there are exceeding ten fami-\\nlies who have been thus even jiartially aftected within\\nmy recollection.\\nAgain, if we confine our observation aloTie to those\\nwho have emigrated from the north of the United\\nStates and from Europe, it will be found that, although\\nmany bear with them the hereditary taint, compara-\\ntively few will experience its fatal development. The\\ncouclusion is, therefore, irresistibly forced upon us that", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 63\\nthis climate does exert a most beneficial influence over\\nthis class of affections.\\nIs there any difference in the several sections of\\nGeorgia with regard to this comparative immunity from\\nPhthisis There is a marked difference. I find that\\nin 1852 I made the folloAving remarks in an editorial\\narticle of the journal above alluded to (p. 636)\\nThe value of a removal to the South, of persons\\naffected in the Northern States with consumption, has\\nbeen heretofore very generally admitted but it is now\\nasked whether much, if any, advantage is to be derived\\nfrom spending merely the Winter months at the South,\\nand returning to the North in the Spring and it is\\nadded that if a temjierate atmosphere be all that is\\nneeded, this ma}^ be obtained in New England by means\\nof a well regulated system of artificial heat. We be-\\nlieve it to be an error to suppose that the Southern\\nStates owe their immunity from Phthisis alone to the\\nmihiness of their Winters. If such were the fact, all\\nmild climates ought to be equally exempt, and all cold\\nlatitudes alike unfavorable. Yet, Phthisis is much more\\ncommon u] on the seaboard, and in the mountainous dis-\\ntricts of the Southern States, than at intermediate\\npoints, and it is comparatively rare in the northern\\nportions of Canada and Russia whilst it makes fright-\\nful havoc in milder England, France, and our Northern\\nStates.\\nThat a temporary sojourn in the Southern States is\\nadvantageous, we doubt not but that a permanent\\nresidence is still more so, we feel quite certain. Every\\npi-actitioner of experience, and who is acquainted with\\nthe means of accurately determining the state of the\\nlungs, must have often observed how wonderfully large\\nabscesses will heal here, which would have certainly\\nj)roved fatal in a less genial climate. The writer knows\\npersons in this State who had tubercular abscesses as\\nlong as twenty years ago, which healed kindly, and\\nhave left them ever since in the enjoyment of appa-\\nrently good health. That all are not equally fortunate,\\nis too true yet, we feel assured that it is only by\\nremaining in the South, both Summer and Winter, suffi-\\nciently long to acquire the peculiarities of a Southern\\nconstitution, that lasting benefit may be expected. The", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "64 Hilly Pine Region of\\nbest locations arc obviously those in which the disease\\noriginates most rarely, and these are unqiiestionjibly to\\nbe found midway between the mountains and seaboard.\\nThis favored belt commences at the termination of\\nthe primitive region, where the rivers of the Atlantic\\nslope tumble over the last ledges of granite rocks that\\nis to say, at Augusta, Minedgeville, Macon, and Colum-\\nbus, and varies from thirty to sixty miles in width below\\nthe shoals.\\nThe so-called Sand Hills, Avith pine forests, which\\ncharacterize this belt, are only a few hundred feet\\nabove the sea; are sup[)lied with j)ure water, and have\\na healthy atmosphere, peculiarly ada])ted to those\\nthreatened with or suffering from Pulmonary disease.\\nI must say, however, that some cases do better in the\\nvalley of Augusta than upon the adjjicent heights, and\\nvice versa. Why this is so I cannot determine.\\nYours, very truly, L. A. DUGAS.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Cae^olina. 65\\nPart Second.\\nClhnatoloijy,\\nThe following ssketch of the climatology of this\\nregion has been prepared with much care and\\nresearch, from such reliable data as could be made\\navailable, and particularly that of the Meteorological\\nRegister, kept at the U. S. Arsenal, near Augusta,\\nGa., by the officers of the Medical Staff at that [)ost.\\nThis register contains a series of uninterrupted daily\\nthermonietrical observations, made at sunrise, 9\\no clock a. m., 3 o clock p. m., and 9 o clock p. m.,\\nfor twenty years, including three of the severest\\nWinters and hottest Summers wdthin the memory of\\nthe oldest inhabitants; and being made at about the\\ncentre of the Sand Hill region, gives, without doubt,\\nthe most reliable information to be obtained from any\\nsource.\\nThis lV)st occupies the most elevated point along\\nthe whole line of these Hills, save that of the plateau\\nupon which stands the town ol Aiken, in South\\nCarolina, and oifers, perhaps, tlie most eligible posi-\\ntion for observing the currents of air so easily\\ndiverted from their general direction by irregulari-\\nties of surface.\\nThe summary of these observations show the\\nmean average temperature of the year to be 64^", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "66 MiLLY Pine Region of\\nFall.; and the mean monthly temperature to be, for\\nthe month of January, 46\u00c2\u00b0-7 February, 50\u00c2\u00b0-7\\nMarch, 58\u00c2\u00b0-8; ^pril, 65\u00c2\u00b0-l; May, 72\u00c2\u00b0-2; June, 79\u00c2\u00b0;\\nJuly, 80\u00c2\u00b0-9 August, 79\u00c2\u00b0-7 September, 72\u00c2\u00b0-8 Oc-\\ntober, 63\u00c2\u00b0-5; November, 53\u00c2\u00b08; December, 4t)\u00c2\u00b0-3\\nFah.; and the mean temperature for the four seasons\\nto be, for the Spring, 65\u00c2\u00b0-3; Summer, 79\u00c2\u00b0-9; Autumn,\\n63\u00c2\u00b0-4; Whiter, 47\u00c2\u00b0-9 Fah.\\nI^ eclpitatiou of Rain.\\nFrom the same data, we estimate tlie mean annual\\nto be 37.17 inches, and the mean monthly for Jan-\\nuary, 1.80 inches; February, 1.92 inch.; Marcb, 3.79\\ninch.; April, 2.46 inch.; May, 4.42 inch.; June, 3.91\\ninch.; July, 4.62 inch.; August, 5.61 inch.; Septem-\\nber, 2.10 inch.; October, 3.23 inch.; November, 1.16\\ninch.; December, 2.21 inch.\\nFor the tour seasons, viz Spring, 10.16 inches;\\nSummer, 14.14 inches; Autumn, 6.95 inches; Win-\\nter, 5.92 inches.\\nMean number of fair days per year, 238; cloudy\\ndays, 127; rainy days, 70; snow about two days in\\nthree years.\\nGeneral direction of the winds for the four seasons:\\nSpring, northwest and southwest; Summer, south\\nand southwest, varying to south; Autumn, north,\\nnorthwest, and southwest; Winter, south, south-\\nwest, west, northwest, and north.\\nIf we compare the above thermal data with Iso-\\nthermal lines, as projected by Humboldt, we find that\\nit places our Winter on the Isothermal of Spain,\\nSouth of France, and Northern Italy while our", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 67\\nSummer corresponds to that of the South of Spain\\nand Italy, Sicily, and South Greece. This is also\\nproven by the similarity in the vegetable productions\\nof these regions.\\nIn estimating the value of any climate in relation\\nto its influence upon Pulmonary Consumption, its\\nprevailing winds have a very important bearing,\\nsince they not only modify temperature, but also the\\nhygrometrical condition of the atmosphere, the damp-\\nness of easterly winds, and the warmth in Winter of\\na southerly wind, is proverbial on the eastern coast\\nand slopes of North America. According to the\\nreceived opinion among American Meteorologists,\\nthe southern and southwesterly winds in our Sum-\\nmer seasons are the great hydrauHc })Owers which\\nsupply the whole eastern portion of our continent\\nwith the humidity, wliich, acted upon by the pre-\\nvailing serial current from the West, said to blow\\nuninterruptedly across the continent, produces the\\nvarious hygrometrical conditions of the climate.\\nThe Summer showers of this region generally\\ncome from the ^N^orthwest and West, being produced\\nin part by the condensation of the surtace vapor\\nacted upon by the above-mentioned westerly cur-\\nrent, which, having parted with much of its heat in\\ncrossing the Rocky Mountains, is ever in a condition\\nto condense the warmer vapor of our region into\\nstorm clouds, which pour upon our vegetation their\\nrefreshing and life sustaining showers. These\\nshowers are generally attended with loud detona-\\ntions of thunder, and other electrical [\u00e2\u0096\u00bahenomena,\\nand generally follow several days of greater than\\nusual warmth of the atmosphere.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "68\\nWilly Pine Region of\\nThe heat of our Summer temperature is very\\nmuch exaggerated by strangers from more northern\\nlatitudes, who fly at the first approach of the warm\\nw^eather of Spring; but those who remain among us\\noften express much surprise at the mildness of the\\nclimate in this respect, since, though more pro-\\ntracted, the thermometer never shows at midsummer\\nas high a range as in more northern regions of the\\ntemperate zone of this continent.\\nDuring the warm season, as soon as the sun acts\\nwith sufficient force to set in motion the surface\\natmosphere, a southerly breeze springs up, and con-\\ntinues until a few hours after sunset, when the e(jui-\\nlibrium of the atmosphere and terrestrial temperature\\nis established by radiation. Tlius does the cool\\nbreeze in the day, which often obtains a velocity of\\nten or twelve miles an hour, and the radijition at\\nnight preserve a most pleasant and agreeal)le tem-\\nperature as an evidence of which, sun strokes, so\\ncommon at the IS orth, never occur here, and often at\\nnight a l)lanket is found (]uite conducive to comfort.\\nBeside this prevalence of a pleasant Summer t-em-\\nperature, we generally have a season of cool, cloudy,\\nand damp w^eather about the middle of August,\\nwhich lowers very much the average temperature of\\nthe season.\\nThe moditying inliuence of forests upon tempera-\\nture and humidity is acknowledged to be very great\\nsince, independent of the inliuence of foliage in\\nshading the soil from the direct rays of the sun, its\\ncolor absorbs much of the white rays of the sun;\\nwhile, at the same time, it altbrds humidity to the\\natmosphere by the evaporation which goes on from", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Ca^olika. 69\\nthe surface of the leaves and thus they serve\\nthe double purpose of modifiers of temperature\\nby the protection they afford, and the evaporat-\\ning surfjice thej^ present. This hygrometic influence\\nis particularly manifest where the pine predomi-\\nnates over every other growth, the leaves of which,\\nfrom their peculiar conformation, are not so well\\nadapted to this hygrometic function as are the\\nbroader leaved oaks, etc.; and to this character of\\nforest may we partially attribute the dryness of the\\nSand Hill climate.\\nThe character of the soil contributes materially to\\nthis condition, since it has been shown by the experi-\\nments of Scheibler that loose sand absorbs from 60\\nto 96 per cent, of water; and, as it is thus removed\\nfrom the surface, evaporation is much reduced.\\nThiw is particularly the case with our sandy soil,\\nwhich, coupled with the open nature of the pine\\nforest, the great elevation of its foliage above the\\nsurface of the land, enables us to appreciate the\\ninfluence of this drying power of the sun upon a\\nsoil so exposed to its action. Tn consequence of this\\natmospheric dryness, resulting from these various\\ncauses, the dew point is very low, and consequentl}^\\nheavy dews are never known, and fogs are rarely\\nseen. Another effect of atmospheric dryness is\\nincreased radiation, so that the nights of this region\\nare generally cool and bracing, as l)efore stated, even\\nwhen the days are warmest, and thus the system is\\nbraced up by refreshing sleep.\\nIf we compare the preceding climatic condition?\\nwith those of other places, particularly the localities\\nrecommended by tliC European physicians in the", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "70 j4iLLY ^iNE Region op\\nSouth of France and Spain, we find a remarkable\\nsimilitude in many respects. Let us take Pau, for\\ninstance, which is within forty-eight hours ride of\\nLondon, and w^hich is very popular among the\\nEnglish and many of our own people, where the\\nseason commences in the beginning of November\\nand continues until the end of May, with only a few\\ndegrees difference in the mean yearly temperature,\\nand those of the four seasons. The average rain\\nprecipitation is rather in our favor, while the rainy\\ndays are greatly in excess of ours, corresponding to\\nour cloudy days. In soil there is a very near resem-\\nblance with respect to its absorbing power of water.\\nSir J. Clark thus describes the characteristics of this\\nY)lace\\nCalmness, moderate cold, bright sunshine of consid-\\nerable power, a dry state of the atmosphere and soil,\\nand rains of short duration.\\nA more accurate description of our climate could\\nnot be written but he goes on to say\\nAgainst these must be placed ehangeableness, the tine\\nweather being as short-lived as the bad rapid varia-\\ntions of temperature within moderate limits. In Sum-\\nmer and Spring there are heavy rains. The air in De-\\ncember, January, and February is dry, and out of the\\nsun cold; but even in these months the rays of the\\nlatter are so powerful that the pedestrian ought to pro-\\ntect his head with an umbrella. There are a very few\\ndays on Avhich the invalid will be unable to take exer-\\ncise between 12 and 3 o clock.\\nThe changeableness of our climate, like that of\\nPau, is within moderate limits; but our fine weather\\nin Spring and Winter is not short-lived, and there is\\nvery rarely a day through the whole Winter, from\\nNovember to April, when a patient may not exer-", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "Georgia and Sootm Carolina. ^i\\nelse ill the open air, never requiring an umbrella\\nagainst the rays of the sun. Our North and West\\nwinds, which are cold winds, as all i\\\\mericans know,\\nare not generally over ten or twelve miles an hour,\\nexcepting in the month of March, and occasionally\\nin February, when they are unpleasantly free, in\\nopen places; but against these winds the forests\\nafford shelter, and once in the wood, they cease to\\nbe disagreeable. If we compare the last two places\\nwith the data before us, the advantage is decidedly\\nin favor of the Sand Hill region of Georgia and\\nSouth Carolina, since it has been shown in a pre-\\nvious portion of this work that this climate is\\nexempt from any deleterious influence upon the\\nhealth of its inhabitants during two-thirds of the\\nyear. When there is much debility, with profuse\\nexpectoration, accompanied by large cavities, it is\\nprobable that the climate of Summer may pi-ove\\ninjurious to a IS orthern constitution, though this is\\nby no means an established fact.\\nIn using the term dryness, with respect to our cli-\\nmate, we mean it only in a relative sense, as com-\\npared to that of the sea coast and mountain region,\\nsince the wet and dry bulb thermometers seldom\\nindicate a greater ditference, even in a long spell of\\ndry weather in Summer, than 18\u00c2\u00b0 or 20\u00c2\u00b0 Fah. Salt\\nnever deliquesces, leather seldom moulds, and surgi-\\ncal instruments rarely rust from humidity in the\\natmosphere. The long gray moss (Tillandsia Usne-\\noides), which grows only where there is humidity,\\ncannot be grown here; and the Fungi of moderately\\ndamp localities are never found, save on the large\\nstreams, or in the immediate neighborhood of", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "^Q ffiLLY Pine Regiok op\\nswamps. The rain chart of the Army Meteorologi-\\ncal Register shows this region to be within the area\\nof moderate rains, and the favorable seasons for\\ncotton and maize crops clearly prove the climate\\nexempt from those long protracted seasons of rain\\nand storms which injure it in other regions.\\nIn the preparation of the preceding sketch, I have\\nfound it impossible to procure barometerical data of\\nsufficient value to warrant its insertion, which neces-\\nsarily renders this summary imperfect. I trust, how-\\never, that its usefulness will not be mucli impaired\\nb} this omission, and tliat tlie physician, as well as\\nthe agriculturist, will find in it sufficient and reliable\\ninformation for tlieir respective uses.\\nPhys leal Geograjyhy,\\nA perfect description of the surface of any region\\nof country can only be given from a thorough knowl-\\nedge of its topography, acquired from actual surveys\\nand drawings of the same. Did w^e have access to\\nsuch drawings, it would be incompatible with the\\nscope and interest of our work to enter such minu-\\ntiae, since our oidy object is to preseiit, in as succinct\\nand clear manner as possible, the general character-\\nistics of tlie topography of the Sand Hill region in\\nthe two States, which will be seen to embrace an\\nextensive area.\\nCommencing at the falls in the Savannah river?\\nfive miles al)0ve the city of Angusta, where the Sand\\nHills proper commence in this State (Georgia), and\\nfollowing a line corresponding to the present ocean\\nboundary, we have an arc of a circle, the chord of\\nwhich extends in a northeasterly and southwesterly", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 75\\ndirection. This chord marks the general direction\\nwhich tlie Sand Hills take in this State (Georgia),\\nviz southwest and northeast, with an average width\\nof thirty miles, more or less; bounded on the north-\\nwest by the red clay hills of the primitive geological\\nregion, and on the southeast by the tertiary region,\\ncovered with the long leaved pine (Pinus Australus).\\nTaking the Savannali river at Augusta as our point\\nof departure, and following the arc above described\\nfor perhaps fifty miles, we reach the great Ogeechee\\nriver. The country lying between these two rivers,\\non this line, is elevated some four or five hundred\\nfeet above the sea level, and is broken into many\\nridges and hi 11a, through which the rivers and creeks,\\nwhich take their rise in the primitive geological\\nregion, flow, to unite w^ith their respective rivers\\nflowing from the Piedmont region; while many\\nsmaller streams and rivulets which spring from the\\nbase of these hills and elevations, show themselves\\nin the long ravines which separate the ridges. This\\ndescription of the land lying between the Savannah\\nand Ogeechee rivers corresponds with that between\\nthe Ogeechee and Oconee, Oconee and Ocmulgee,\\nand the latter and Flint river.\\nDr. Joseph Jones, in his topographical description\\nof the country around Americus, in Sumter county,\\nGeorgia, published in the Medical Keport of the\\nIT. S. Sanitary Commission, 18G7, thus describes tlie\\nSand Hills of that part of the State\\nAndersonvillc (near Americus), with the snrroinuling\\nhills, iiichuliiig the Confederate military prison, is\\nelevated from three hundred and fifty to four hundred\\nand thirty-five feet al)Ove the level of the ocean, and is\\nsituated in Sumter county, Georgia, between the Flint\\n6", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "74 MiLLY Pine j\\nEGION OF\\nand Chattahoochee rivers, seven miles due west of the\\nformer, and forty-two miles east of the latter, in about\\n32\u00c2\u00b0 10 north latitude, and 38\u00c2\u00b0 26 west longitude, near\\nthe commencement of the western slope of the dividing\\nridge, between the streams flowing southwesterly in\\nthe Gulf of Mexico, and those flowing southeasterly\\ninto the Atlantic Ocean.\\nFort Valley, twenty miles northeast of Anderson-\\nville, at an elevation of Ave hundred and thirt} feet,\\nlies upon the west of the ridge running between the\\nOcmulgee and Flint rivers the former uniting with the\\nOconee, and forming the Altamaha, empties into the\\nAtlantic Ocean, and the latter, uniting with the Chat-\\ntahoochee and forming the Apalachicola river, pours its\\nwaters into the Gulf of Mexico. From this dividing\\nridge the country slopes towards the Atlantic on the\\nsoutheast, and towards the Gulf of Mexico on the south-\\nwest.\\nThe summit of the hill at Andersonville, upon which\\nthe Confederate States General Hospital has been\\nlocated, is four hundred and thirty-flve feet above the\\nlevel of the sea, and, according to the railroad survej\\nis next to the highest point on the railroad between\\nOglethorpe and Albany the highest point between\\nthem being about four hundred and eight^^ and six-\\ntenths feet. High table land, with an average eleva-\\ntion of about four hundred and sixty feet, lies between\\nAndersonville and Americus, the highest being four\\nhundred and eighty and six-tenths feet.\\nThe following are the elevations above the level of\\nthe sea at several points above Andersonville Railroad\\ndepot, three hundred and ninety-nine feet hill opposite\\ndepot, four hundred and eighty feet, etc. The hills of\\nthis rolling country in and around Andersonville var}^\\nin height from forty to one hundred and eighty feet\\nabove the level of the water courses.\\nThis region, as above described by Dr. Jones,\\nterminates the Sand Hill region in Georgia on its\\nwestern boundary.\\nReturning again to our point of departure on the\\nSavannah river, and taking a northeasterly direction,", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 75\\nwe pass over the sume character of hills and ridges\\nthrough which the Saluda, Wateree, Great Pedee\u00c2\u00bb\\nand minor rivers flow, and, like the rivers in Georgia,\\nform rapids in their course upon rocky heds of\\nchlorite slate, gneiss, etc.\\nWe thus see tliat this line of hills passes through\\nSouth Carolina, in a northeasterly direction, a])Out\\none hundred miles from the sea, and nearly halfway\\nhetween the ocean and Blue Kidge mountains, pos-\\nsessiiig all the characteristics of the Georgia ridge,\\nso accurately described in Dr. Jones report of its\\nsouthwestern terminus.\\nThe direction of the slcpe from this elevated\\nregion towards the Atlantic is in a southeasterly\\ndirection, with a fall of ahout two feet to tlie mile\\nfrom the base of the ridge, which, but for the tortu-\\nous course of the streams flowing to the ocean, would\\ngive too rapid a current for profitable steamboat navi-\\ngation.\\nThe larc^e rivers which take their rise in the Blue\\nBidge mountains and Piedmont region are, in the\\nWinter and Spring seasons, very turbid with the\\nw^ashings from the red clay hills of the primitive\\ngeological region. This is also the case with the\\nsmaller streams w^hich originate in the red clay\\nregion, but the water of the smaller, springing from\\nthe Sand Hills, is clear, and in Winter affords excel-\\nlent drinking water. These smaller or spring streams\\nfall rapidly from their sources, so that some of them,\\nnot more than ten or twelve miles long, have as man}\\nas eight or ten saw and grist mills upon them. In\\nsome portions of their course, flats of variable width\\noccur, in which the lands are naturally quite produc-", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "76 Hilly Pine Region of\\ntive while in the valleys of the largest rivers, which\\nare very extensive, large crops of cotton and maize\\nare made. In the Spring, Winter, and Autumn\\nmonths, these valleys are occasionally overflowed\\nfrom mountain rains, when a rich deposit of surface\\nsoil is left, increasing very materially the productive-\\nness of the land.\\nThe maximum height of this elevated ridge is\\nsupposed to be reached at the United States\\nArsenal, near Augusta, Georgia, and estimated\\nto be, by survey, three hundred and fifty feet\\nabove the low water mark of the Savannah\\nriver at Augusta, and three hundred and twenty-\\nseven feet above the plane upon which the cit}\\nstands, or about six hundred feet above \\\\he sea\\nlevel. From this summit the land slopes, gradually\\nat first, for about one mile, and more rapidly for six\\nhundred yards, until it reaches the plane. Upon the\\neastern slope of the Sand Hills stands the town\\nof Sunmierville. The valley at the base of this,\\nridge extends along the banks of the Savannah\\nriver, which makes a semi-circular bend at this\\npoint about ten miles, more or less, as far as Butler s\\ncreek on the south, with an aveiage width of about\\ntwo miles and a half.\\nReturning again to the Arsenal, we find the land\\ngradually sloping in a westerly direction until it\\nreaches the red clay lands, with which it gradually\\nblends some eight or ten miles distant. Eae s creek,\\nwhich washes the base of the Snmmerville ridge,\\nseems to separate the sandy from the clay formation,\\nis, by actual measurement, three hundred feet\\nbelow tlie summit, one mile and a quarter in a\\nnortherly direction.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 77\\nFrom the Savaniiali river tit Hamburg, the hills\\nrise precipitately for a])ont two hundred and ten\\nfeet; then gradually, until they reach their maxi-\\nmum of six hundred feet at the Aikeu plateau,\\nSouth Carolina, distant sixteen miles by rail from\\nAugusta, and from thence, in a northeasterly direc-\\ntion, they very gradually lose elevation, according to\\nthe best information I can get on the subject.\\nThis whole region, extending from the eastern\\nboundary of South Carolina to the western limits of\\nGeorgia, is watered locally by spring streams of the\\npurest water, becoming large enough for milling\\n})urposes by creeks running over rocky beds, and\\nby rivers with sufficient force to manufacture ten\\ntimes the cotton made in the South.\\nTiie following sketch of the physical geogruphyof\\nthe Sand Hill region in South Carolina and its boun-\\ndaries has been kindly furnished me by the distin-\\nguished Professor, John Le Conte, of the University\\nof that State\\nThe upper limits of the Sand Hills proper, in this\\nState, are tolerably well detined. They occur, gener-\\nally, at or near the boundary between the granite\\nregion of the up-country and tertiary formation of the\\nlow country. Along the rivers this boundary is indi-\\ncated by the occurrence uf the loioer falls, w^hich form\\nthe head of steamboat navigation in the streams. The\\nlower termination of the primitive formation deter-\\nmines this boundary. It is not always well defined,\\nbut is usually sufficiently well characterized ulong the\\nstreams. Thus we find the true vSaud Ilills near Ham-\\nburg (as at Aiken), near Columbia, Camden, Cheraw,\\nand also at Fayettcvillc, North Carolina. They are\\nusually found adjacent to the rivers, iiud are better\\ndeveloped near the larger streams than the smaller\\ncues. There are many indications that these accumu-\\nJations of sand were ])roduced by aqueous agency", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "78 Hilly Pine Region of\\ndurinc: the ])criod when the lower boundary of the\\nprimitive re_ii;ioii conBtituted an ancient sea beach. The\\nhigh hillB of Santee seem to be true Sand Hills,\\nalthough not occurring precisely at the boundary above\\nindicated. They probably constitute ancient sand batiks\\nnot very remote from the sea shoi c.\\nThe boundary of the Sand Hill region, Avhich has\\nbeen indicated above, constitute its u])per or western\\nlimit; its lower or eastern boundary cannot l)e detiued\\nwith any degree of precision. In fact, those ridges of\\nsand just out towards the coast, es})ecially near the\\nlarger streams, over vai ious portions of the tertiary\\nregion, in a manner not unlike the irregular distribu-\\ntion of sand banks in the ocean, near the shore line.\\nThis renders it almost im])Ossil)le to define where the\\nancient and more lofty Sand Hills terminate, tin l\\nwhere the more recent Sand Hills lower down begin.\\nHence, it is impossible, in the existing state of our\\nknowledge of the geology of this region, to assign an\\naverage breadth to the Sand Hill region of this State.\\nMills, ill his Sta-i sties of South Carolina, page\\n131, est! mates its width to be thirty miles, more or\\nless, and its height above the ocean to vary from one\\nliuiidred and lifty to three hundred feet.\\nColumbia, height above tide water. .233 feet (depot)\\nColumbia, height above tide water. .300 feet (city)\\nCamden, height al)Ove tide water 100 feet (depot)\\nCheraw, height above tide water 144 feet\\nAs the Geological formation of the country along\\nthe line described varies very little, if at all, in its\\ngeneral characteristics either in Georgia or Carolina,\\nand being indicated by the falls terminating at the\\nhead of navigation on the rivers draining the great\\nsoutheast water shed of the two States, we may con-\\nclude that the surface characteristics correspond. In\\nsome localities the clay appears without any surface-\\ncovering of sand, from which it has evidently been", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 79\\nwashed by rains since the formation of the hills,\\nwhile in other places it lies many feet below the\\nsurface.\\nGeolofjy.\\nThe following sketch of the Geology of the Sand\\nHill region has been kindly furnished me by Mr.\\nWilliam Phillips, Architect and Civil Engineer,\\nof Aaii:usta, whose knowledi :e of the science is\\nmuch more general than his diffidence permits him\\nto acknowledge, and whose careful study of the\\ncharacteristics of this section, during his many\\nsurveys and his connection with the Augusta Canal\\nand Water Works for many years (he having been\\ntheir constructor), enable him to write with much\\naccuracy on the subject.\\nThe Geology of this region, is only casually\\nalluded to in the works I have been able to find on\\nthe subject, which makes Mr. Phillips sketch the\\nmore valuable, since, I believe, it is the first one\\nwritten. The primitive and tertiary region having\\nbeen the most important and interesting sections,\\nhave received more attention in all Geological\\nsurveys hitherto made in both of these States, and\\nbeing only a tyro in the study myself, I have been\\nconstrained to use the knowledge of others in\\nelucidation of that important branch of science\\nimportant not only to the miner and manufacturer,\\nbut also to the agriculturist.\\nAugusta, Ga., Janiuiry 1, 1869.\\nDear Sir. I regret that I am so engaged at present\\nas not to be able to offer you Jinything more than a mere\\nsketch of the CTCology of Eichmond county, which I\\nhope may be of service to you, as it may be taken, with", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "8o Hilly Pine R\\nEGION OP\\nslight modification, as the Geology of a line exten led\\nfrom the Chesapeake to the Gulf of Mexico.\\nAs you are aware, this county happens to be at the\\ntermination of the secondary lap on the primitive\\nformation, that is to say from Augusta upward in a\\nsouthwestern direction, the geological formation is\\nprimitive, and in the southeastern direction, secondary,\\ntertiary, etc.\\nBeginning at the head of the Augusta canal, which is\\nabout a mile above Richmond county, and following it\\nor the river to which it is nearly parallel, we traverse\\nthe lines of strati ticat ion, which are about northeast,\\nat a right angle, and thus have an opportunity of\\ndetermining very easily the geological changes. The\\nriver seems to have cut through and formed its bed, in\\nthe various strata traversed by it, at a depth varying\\nfrom seventy-five on the banks to some two hundred or\\nmore feet on the hills adjacent. From the lock of the\\ncanal to the upper end of xiugusta, the bed of the river\\nis a series of falls and rapids. In a distance of about\\nfive miles the fall is about sixty feet.\\nAt the lock the formation is gneiss, which is there\\npenetrated by a vein of granite. Above the lock the\\ngranite in several places seems to have passed through\\nthe gneiss. Its protrusion is seen in several places on\\nthe river at Stalling s island a large bed was found,\\nfrom which the material was obtained for the. Granite\\nmills in the city and for other works on the canal. In\\nthis granite, epidote and pyrites are found.\\nPassing down the canal we find the gneiss formation\\nstops just below the mouth of Iled s creek, about a mile\\nbelow the lock. Here we find a thin stratum of mica\\nslate, and just below it a black silicious rock resembling\\na silicious manganese incorporated Avith apparently\\nfused gneiss. From this point to Augusta the formation\\nmay be considered that of chlorite slate, though it\\nvaries considerably. In the first })lace, for about a\\nquarter of a mile, the rock is felspathic, then comes a\\nbed of talcose slate, and after it the chloritic rocks, which\\nextend to Augusta. These chloritic rocks vary very\\nmuch in character, and in some places the epidote is so\\npredominant as to have acquired for them the designa-\\ntion of epidotic gneiss. At Augusta this formation", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Cai^olina. 8i\\ndisixppoiirs, being covered by ii heiivy iind deep diluvial\\niind iiUuvial deposit. The geiiei iil direction of yiralill-\\ncation is about northeast, the dip to the southeast is,\\nat the lock, from forty to forty-live degrees, but at\\nIlarrisburg nearly level; at Hawks gully the dip is to\\nthe southwest at McKinne street, in the city, nearly\\nvertical. This brief sketch can not convey to you a\\ntithe of the interest with which they could be studied.\\nAt and above the lock we Iind the granite, supposed to\\nbe the original rock, passing into and through the\\ngneiss. At lled s creek there are evident signs of\\nsubterranean action, for there we find the gneiss\\nchanged, and though in layers, has thousands of vertical\\nand other seams in it, and a part of it seems to have\\nbeen fused or melted with a mixture of manganese, etc.,\\nfoi-ming a hard black rock resembling lydian stone. At\\nMcAipJiin s bridge the veins of quartz seem to have\\npassed through it into the red clay with which it is\\nthere overlaid. At llocky creek there are numerous\\ncubic crystals of sulphurate of iron, some of them\\nhepatic by exposure, two inches in diameter. At Eae s\\ncreek, in the chlorite slate, there are millions of small\\ncrystals of sulphuret of iron, and in one quarry\\nworked there, a small deposit of arragonite and carbo-\\nnate of lime was found.\\nThe color of the gneiss from the lock to Eed s\\ncreek is pretty uniform, but then it becomes lighter\\ngray, and the fissures in it are frequently lined with the\\nmetallic arboresence recurring at the lock. The colors\\nof the chloritic slate formation vary from a bluish green\\nto a yellowish gray, according to the prevailing presence\\nof epidote or chlorate or their entire absence. Just\\nabove Warren s spring there is a bed of rock mainly\\nfelspathic, which sharpens readily the hardest steel, and\\nof wdiich I presume excellent hones could be made. In\\nother places the strata or beds are of the 2)each blossom\\ncolor, indicating to my mind the jn-esence of chrome.\\nGenerally these last mentioned rocks are soft but on\\nthe south side of Kae s creek (keeping the line up the\\ncanal) they seem to have been indulated, and are very\\nhard, and here, too, in this bed we find the aborescent\\nlining of the fissures nearly the same as at Eed s creek.\\nThis primitive formation, as it j^ Called, is covered in", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "82 j^ILLY J^INE j^\\nEGION OF\\nthe first })laco by an equally i\u00c2\u00bbrimitive bed of drift, and\\nby a])i)areiitly more recent beds of clay. The alluvial\\ncovering only occurs on the margin of the river. The\\nj)rinutive drift, as I would designate it, is composed of\\nfirm white sand, gravel and clay, the color being a most\\ndistinctive characteristic. In some places it forms a\\nsolid rock, as at the Gumming quarry, formerly worked\\nby Glendenning, but in others the sand and gravel arc\\nloose and the clay in beds. The solid rock at the Cum-\\nming quarry, and other places, though made up of\\nquartz, mica, and felspar, and often called granite, is\\nreally a sand stone, the quartz in it rounded or water\\nworn grains, the mica finely comminuted, and the fels-\\npar in a state of indurated clay; this last holds the\\nother materials together, and makes it a stone hard\\nenough to be used, as it was formerly, for building pur-\\nposes. In this rock I have not found any organic\\nremains, and have noticed only such other minerals^\\nsuch as garnet, etc., common to the primary rocks\\nhence I take it to be the very first formation, by me-\\nchanical means, after the primitive. The clay of this\\nformatioj) is usually Avhite, or rather gra} sometimes\\nplastic, but not generally so until it is well worked the\\n])orcelain clay of Kaolin, in South Carolina, and other\\nplaces in the neighborhood belongs to this formation\\nit seems to be made up of the unindurated or decom-\\nposed felspar, washed from the primitive granite and\\ngneiss of the up country. Here it lies upon the drift,\\nand in excavating for the canal, and for other })urposes,\\nit was seen that the red clay rested upon it. This for-\\nmation, perhaps, corresponds with what is called the\\nPottsdam sand stone of the State of New York.\\nOver this drift there is what I would call a diluvial\\nformation, consisting mainly of red clay, sand and\\ngravel. In some instances this deposit rests upon the\\nprimitive, and without careful observation would be\\nconsidered the secondary. In the cuts for the canal,\\nand other works, however, it was found to overlay the\\nmore primitive of these formations. At the Sand Hills\\nwest of Augusta, and at other places, the sand under\\nthe clay is indurated, and forms what may be called\\nferruginous sand stone, the sand seeming to be cemented\\ntogether by the decomposition of iron pyrites, or an", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 83\\noxide of iron. Sometimen the bliick oxide of miiiiga-\\niieMC is present to Buch ;in extent tis to make it perfectly\\nbhiek, :ind perluips m workable ore of mangtxneBe.\\nTJjiderlyiiii;- these beds of clay and sand, vegetable\\norganic remains have been found. In excavating the\\nthird level of the canal at Marbiiry street in Augusta,\\nspecimens of wood were found, which, in some respects\\nmight be considered as lignite, while in others they\\nseemed rather to approach sililication or, as usually\\nexpressed, petrifaction. Here it was difficult to deter-\\nmine to which of these formations these remains pro-\\n]\u00c2\u00bberly belong the testimony, however, slight as it\\nwas, led me to the conclusion they were of the diluvial.\\nIn many places this diluvial, as I call it, is in immediate\\ncontact with the ])rimitive rocks, as if they had never\\nbeen covered by the older formation, or it had been re-\\nmoved by some more recent action, perha])S the flood\\nof the diluvial.\\nIf we go back now to the lock, and begin there our\\nexamination of the alluvial, we find a small area of five\\nor six acres between the canal and the river, extending\\nfrom the lock to Eed s ci-eek, where the foot of the ad-\\njacent hill comes out to the river. Between Ked s and\\nIlocky creek this formation occurs again to the extent\\nof about one hundred and fifty acres. From Rocky\\ncreek to a short distance below Warren s spring, the\\nriver bank is of rock, and there is no alluvial on them,\\nbut at the ])lace last mentioned this formation begins\\nagain, extending across Rae s creek, and sweeping to\\nthe southeast forms the plain of Augusta, which, with\\nsome slight interruptions extends to McBean creek,\\nwhich is the county line on that side. On the Carolina\\nside of the river the banks arc rocky and high, and\\nthere is but little of the alluvial formation on that side\\nfrom the lock to a short distance below the mouth of\\nEae s creek. Here the formation begins, and s])reading\\nout toward the north, forms the plain of Hamburg,\\nwhich extends nearly to the Sand J3ar ferry. On this\\nside of the river this plain varies in width, and extends\\nfrom the river to the foot of the Sand Hills, which, at\\nthe distance of about a mile, are some two or three\\nhundred feet above it. On the Georgia side the termi-\\nnation of the alluvial plain is not so well marked, as it", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "\u00c2\u00a74 Hilly Pine Region OP\\njoiri!^ the viillcy\u00c2\u00ab of Cupboard, Eocky, mid Butler s\\ncreeks. The high ground or hills, such as Turi)iii s,\\nGolden Camp, Gen. Watkin s, and others, are conse-\\nquently a considerable distance from the river. This\\nalluvial [)lain of Augusta contains several thousand\\nacres, a large portion of which is in now neglected\\ncypress swamps. They could be drained, and I have\\nno doubt will be in time, thus making an important\\naddition to the richest arable land in the country.\\nThe Savannah river, from the lock to the city of\\nAugusta, has its bed in, and traverses the primitive rocks\\nalready mentioned, in width it varies from eight hun-\\ndred to thirteen hundred feet. From the lock to the\\ncity it has a fall of fifty to sixty feet, and passing over\\nthese rocks its bed is a series of small falls and rapids,\\nits ledges are generally occupied by fish dams and traps,\\nand it is only navigable for small boats carrying forty\\nto sixty bales of cotton. This part of it, however, is\\nnotnoAv used for navigation, all the trade being diverted\\nfrom it by the canal practically, therefore, it is only an\\nimmense shad trap. From the city, downward, say to\\nSavannah, it is usually navigable for boats carr^^ing from\\ntwo to five hundred bales of cotton. In a dry season\\nit sometimes gets very low, and lighters have to be\\nused. In ordinary seasons it is usually w^ithin its banks;\\nbut after extraordinary rain floods it sometimes rises to\\nthirty-eight or forty feet above low water mark at the\\ncity, and the city, as Avell as all this alluvial plain, is\\noverflowed. Such floods, however, do not often occur,\\nand when they do, if at the proper season, the swamp\\n])hinters congratulate themselves on an accession of\\nfour to eight inches of silt, which adds materially to\\nthe fertility of their lands.\\nThe creeks Eed s, Eocky, Eae s, Cupboard, and But-\\nler s, as well as Spirit creek, and McBean also, traverse\\nthese primitive creeks, and no doubt take their direc-\\ntion from the irregularities of their surface they are\\nsupplied by innumerable sjjrings of the purest w^ater,\\nfiltered through the diluvial. The margins of these\\nstreams are made up of the washings from the adjacent\\nhill sides, and the swamp growth of vegetation so com-\\nmon to them. In some places the mass of matter thus\\nmade up is extensive, and presents nearly all the cha-\\nracteristics of petit,", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 85\\nAt MeBean we find the m^^rtle and magnolia of the\\nsea coast arc they to be considered only as the re-\\nmains of that ancient coast, or as indicative of a sub-\\nmarine formation at that place\\nThe sketch I have given yon is entirely local. The\\nvery slight opportunity I have had for generalizing, in-\\nduces me to believe it is a description of a belt extend-\\ning from New York city, crossing Chesapeake Bay near\\nthe Potomac, passing through Virginia, North and\\nSouth Carolina, and turning through Georgia and Ala-\\nbama up to the valley of the Mississippi. From Cape\\nllatteras, southward, it is about equidistant between\\nthe present seacoast and the range of the Blue Eidge\\nMountains.\\nHaving avoided all speculation, I need not apologise\\nto you for the absence of the scientific geological terms\\nso prevalent at present. In fact I have not studied\\nGeology as a science, and have only availed myself of\\nits teaching as required by a Civil Engineer.\\nKespectfully, your obedient servant,\\nWilliam Phillips.\\nBotany,\\nIn describing the Flora of this country or region,\\nneither space nor the requirements of tins work per-\\nmit me to give a specific description of each i)lant,\\nnor is it important that a full list of all the indige-\\nnous growth should be introduced, since such infor-\\nmation can be easily obtained from Elliott s and\\nC hapman s works on Southern Botany. I shall,\\ntherefore, confine myself to a list of a few of the\\nmore important trees used for mechanical purposes\\nand fuel, and those flowers which, in their wild state,\\nare the most beautiful, and best adapted to the re-\\nquirements of the florist. None of the resources of\\nour favored region have been more neglected than\\nthe beautiful wild flowers of our forest, which", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "\u00c2\u00a76 Willy Pine Region op\\nseemed born to blush unseen, or at least unnoticed\\nby the florists of our country.\\nThe Flora of our Sand Hill rep^ion is mostly simi-\\nlar to that of the country below and toward the\\nseaboard especially to that of the lig-ht and sandy\\npine lands of the lower countiy. There are certain\\nplants, however, which, without being peculiar to\\nthis region, may be said to characterize and give to\\nit distinctive features, from their abundance and\\ngeneral distribution over the area. Of these, the\\nlong leaved pine, before mentioned, and the scrub\\noaks the small huckleberry (Vaccinium dumosum);\\nthe peculiar Baptesia perfoliatta; the very handsome\\nand showy heath-like evergreen (Ceratiola ericoides);\\nand many others which delight in sandy soils. Along\\nthe creeks and water courses we find a vegetation\\nnot dissimilar to that of like soils in the surround-\\ning country.\\nAmong the larger trees used, either for building\\nmaterial or fuel, or as ornamental for their foliage,\\nmay be mentioned the following as most conspicu-\\nous\\nPINUS AUSTIIALIS,\\nBefore mentioned the timber of this tree is natu-\\nrally adapted to building purposes, and for other\\nmechanical arts and large quantities are consumed\\nfor lumber and exportation. It is known to lumber\\nmen as yellow pine, and has always held the\\nhighest rank as merchantable lumber, from its com-\\npactness and fineness of grain. This is owing to the\\nlightness and poverty of the soil in which it grows\\n(it being only found in sandy soil), which gives but", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Caf^olina. 87\\na thin annual deposit of wood. The annual rings\\nof growth are small, hence the wood is more com-\\npact and of closer texture than in richer soils, where\\nthe tree groA\\\\\\\\s more rapidly, and is of coarser tex-\\nture. A tree of the same size will consequently be\\nof much greater age and with more heart wood than\\none growing elsewhere.\\nPINU8 TAEDA\u00e2\u0080\u0094 PINUS MITIS.\\nThese are known as short leave pines, and are\\nnot so abundant as they are in the low countr3\\\\\\nTimber of inferior quality.\\nPINUS INOPS.\\nThis is a smaller tree, and grows sparingly on the\\nhills.\\nQUERCUS FALCATA.\\nThis is the largest of the oaks of this region, and\\nonly found on the lands of better quality. It grows\\nto a large size, and makes an ornamental shade tree\\nof regular shape commonly known as Spanish\\noak, or red oak.\\nQUERCUS OBTUSILOBA.\\nThe wood of this tree is remarkably hard and\\ndurable, and is much used where toughness and\\nstrength are required. The young trees are used for\\nmaking baskets. Post oak.\\nQUERCUS CATESB^I.\\nVery abundant, and only used for fire wood. Its\\ntimber being of no value. Scrub oak.\\nQUERCUS NIGRA.\\nAn oak of medium size, with handsome regular\\nhead, and makes a tree ornamental and compact.\\nBlackjack.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "88 J4lLLY J^INE Jl\\nEGION OP\\nQUERCUS CINERIA.\\nGrows only on the poorest soil, and does not\\nattain a large size. Turkey oak.\\nQUERCUS AQUATICA.\\nThis is one of the finest ornamental trees for\\nlawns and about buildings. Though doing best on\\ndamp, rich soils, will grow almost any where with a\\nlittle cultivation: Water oak.\\nACER RUBRUM.\\nGrows mostly on rich soils, and makes a fine shade\\ntree in damp lands. Red maple.\\nLIQUIDAMBAR STYRACIFLUA.\\nA liandsome ornamental tree of moderate size,\\ndoing best on good soils. S\\\\ycet gum.\\nCRATAEGUS AESTIVALIS.\\nA small ornamental tree, bearing a large and sub-\\nacid berry, much prized for preserves and jellies.\\nllaw.\\nDYOSPIRUS VIRGINIANA.\\nPersimmon.\\nCERASUS CAROLIANUS.\\nThis tree, though a native of the seaboard, flour-\\nishes here with very little care, and is considered an\\nindispensable adjunct in every shrubbery garden.\\nWild orange mock orange.\\nMELIA AZADARACH.\\nThis beautiful and fast growing exotic may be\\nsaid to be naturalized and self-propagating. It fur-\\nnishes a beautiful shade tree, very ornamental in its\\nfoliage in summer, and the heavy clusters of yellow\\nberries in winter, which are said to correct wormy\\nconditions in cattle, wliich are fond of eating them.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "pEORGtA AND ^OUTH CAROLINA. \u00c2\u00a79\\nA strong decoction of the bark, leaf, or berry, has\\nl)eeii found to destroy insects and worms in cabbages,\\netc., while no insect infests its foliage. The inner\\nbark is also an excellent vermifnge for man or beast.\\nChina tree.\\nOf the smaller ornamental shrubs, worthy of cul-\\ntivation, may be mentioned the following\\nKAL:\\\\riA LATIFOLIA.\\nThis beautiful shrub is found in great abundance\\nabout the hills, and by its showy clusters of pink\\nand white flowers adds charms to the spring season\\nin our woods. Calico bush.\\nAZALEA C^ALENDULACEA.\\nA small shrub, ftowering in clusters, and varying\\nin color from deep red vaiiegated with yellow, to\\nbright yellow and rose colored all of which are\\noften found growing near each other. Flaming\\nbus!].\\nAZALEA NUDIFLORA.\\nOne of the earliest and most showy ornamental\\nshrubs. Wihl honeysuckle.\\nAZALEA VIHCOSA.\\nThis Azalea blooms later in tlie season color\\nwhite and red.\\nCALYCIANTHUS FLOKIDUS.\\nFound in the rich shaded woods alons^the marein\\nof water courses. It is worthy a place in every\\ngarden, for the sweet freshness of its flower, and the\\ngreat profusion of bloom. Sweet scented shrub.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "90 fliLLY j^iNE Region op\\nROBINIA PSEUDO ACACIA.\\nA tree of moderate size, with white pendant clus-\\nters of flowers. The wood is very durable and hard\\nand useful for many purposes; an elastic wood.\\nWhite locust.\\nROBINIA HISPIDA.\\nThis handsome shrub grows in our woods, and is\\nvery attractive with its showy racemes of rose-\\ncolored flowers.\\nILEX OPACA.\\nA well known evergreen.\\nCORNUS FLORIDA.\\nEnlivening the w^oods in the early spring with its\\nlarge white calyx leaves. Dogwood.\\nCEKATIOLA ERICOIDES.\\nThis beautiful evergreen shrub is one of the cha-\\nracteristics of the sand hill country, growing only on\\nthe poorest soils. It can be successfully transplanted\\nand reared in a garden. It would compete with\\nmany of the rare exotic conifers which are so highly\\nprized. It rarely grows higher than four or five\\nfeet, and forms a compact and regular shrub, with\\nsmall rigid linear leaves. American heath.\\nSMILAX PSEUDO CHINA.\\nA handsome climber of rapid growth, with bright\\nevergreen leaves, and clusters of black berries.\\nChina brier.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 91\\nOf the smaller herbaceous plants, annuals and\\nperennials, which attract attention, and are worthy\\nthe attention of the florist, may be mentioned\\nLUPINUS VILLOSUS.\\nWith its rich velvety green leaves all winter, and\\nshowy spikes of purple flow^ers in early spring. It\\nis well worth cultivating. Hairy supine.\\nLITHOSPERMUM HIRTUM.\\nThis, as well as the preceding, is a perennial,\\nwhich is highly improved by cultivation, blooming\\nearly in spring, with a profusion of bright yellow\\nflowers.\\nAMSONIA CILIATA.\\nFlowers early in the spring, pale blue.\\nVIOLA.\\nSeveral species of this modest but beautiful flower\\nbloom early in the spring, and some transplanted by\\nmyself improved very much in size from cultivation.\\nEPIG^A REPENS.\\nThis evergreen creeper, which grows as far north\\nas Canada, and blooms in the i^ew England States\\nin May, begins to show its delicate pale pink flowers\\nas early as February. Ground joy.\\nIRIS VERNA.\\nThis delicate little Iris, with its sweet scented\\nflowers, opens its petals in early spring, and would\\nbe ornamental for borders of beds in a flower gar-\\nden.\\nPHLOX SUBULATA.\\nWith its dense tufts of evergreen rigid leaves and", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "fliLLY Pine Region of\\nshowy flowers, blooming in April and May, makes\\na beautiful bordering for beds. There are two or\\nthree other species of Phlox, all ornamental.\\nYUCCA FILAMENTOSA.\\nThis Yucca is indigenous to the Sand Hills, and\\nwith its rich evergreen leaves and tall panicle of\\nlarge white flowers, is highly ornamental. The\\nleaves may be stripped into shreds and used for\\ncordage. Silk grass.\\nYUCCA GLORIOSA.\\nThis species has been brought up from the sea\\ncoast, is perfectly climatized and hardy, and bears its\\nflowers in a large panicle, consisting of racemes.\\nThis plant is used in some places to form hedges,\\nand forms a most eftective break to washing sand.\\nIn addition to these we may mention the Fringe\\nTree (Chionanihus Virginica). A beautiful shrul),\\nwith glossy, large green leaves, bearing its flowers\\nin panicles, and as it blooms \\\\qvj early in the spring-\\nis very desirable as an ornamental shrub on lawns.\\nThere are also some very showy and beautiful plants\\namong the composite flowers, some of which have\\nbeen mentioned in the first part of this work, and\\nwhich, if cultivated, would make showy additions to\\nthe garden flora.\\nLESPEDEZA STRIATA\u00e2\u0080\u0094 HOOKER AND ARNOTT\u00e2\u0080\u0094 IIED-\\nDYSURUIM STRICTUM\u00e2\u0080\u0094 THUNBERG\u00e2\u0080\u0094 FLO. JAP.\\nStem prostrate and assurgent, diftusely branched,\\nand clothed with retroresly appressed hairs; leaflets\\nsmall, oval-elliptical, emargiiiate and mucronate,", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 93\\nwith pellucid, parallel veins. Stipules large, per-\\nsistent, numerously ribbed, pointed. Flowers axil-\\nlary, on short pedicels. Calyx lobes about half the\\nlengtli of the corolla, obtuse, colored and veined,\\nwith two brackets at base. Corolla small, rose-\\ncolored and tipped with purple. Legume roundish,\\nhairy, pointed, scarcely larger than the Calyx, one\\nseeded. An annual, springing up early in the spring,\\nflowering September and Octo^^er, and maturing\\nseeds in October. A native of China and Japan,\\nintroduced and now climatised, and extendhig all\\nover the country.\\nAs the seed of this plant is very minute and diffi-\\ncult to collect, it may be preserved by scraping up\\nthe earth from the surface upon which it has shed its\\nfruit, and broadcast it where it is desired to sow the\\nseed.\\nAmong the exotics of our gardens there are two\\nwhich merit notice, both on account of their beauty\\nand the readiness with which they grow without\\nshelter. Camelia Japonica grows readily in the open\\nair, often attaining a height of ten feet, and blooms\\nin the latter part of winter.\\nLAGERSTllEMIA INDICA.\\nA beautiful shrub, growing in this climate to the\\ndimensions of small trees, which, when covered by\\ntheir dense purple blooms or panicles, almost ob-\\nscure the foliage, present a most gaudy appear-\\nance, and adding very materially to the beauty of\\nthe lawn. Two clusters of these trees may be seen\\nin Col. Milledo c s laAvn, on the Sand Hills, near", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "94 Hilly Pine Region of\\nAugusta, Ga., which afford most delightful bowers,\\nexcluding, by the density of their foliage, the direct\\nrays of the sun.\\nIn the preparation of the above sketch I have re-\\nceived valuable assistance from my friend, Mr.\\nHenry W. Ravenel, an experienced and scientific\\nBotanist, so favorably known as the author and pub-\\nlisher of the Fungi Exsiccata of South Carolina.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Caf^olina. 9^\\nPart Third.\\nAgriculttiral Resources,\\nIn the preceding part of this volume casual allu-\\nsions only have been made to the great agricultural\\nresources of the middle belt of Georgia and South\\nCarolina.\\nPrevious to the late civil war, which in its result\\ndestroyed the most expensive system of labor\\never imposed upon a nation, our statistics show that\\nthe South, notwithstanding this drawback, was the\\nmost productive Agricultural region in the world\\nin proportion to her population, as will be seen by\\nreference to the United States Census. These re-\\nsults, however, were produced at the expense of\\nmuch unnecessary labor, principally through the\\nneglect of those aids to agriculture, which the\\ningenuity of man in less favored and more densely\\npopulated countries had adapted to the various\\nnecessities growing out of the importance of\\neconomizing labor. Another result, too, of our\\nsystem was the exclusive devotion of labor to agri-\\nculture, and the neglect of manufactures hence,\\nthough much money was made, and the sea was\\nwhitened by the sails which transported our produce\\nto enrich other nations, a very large proportion ot\\nthe profits was paid out for the very cotton", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "96 Willy Pine Region OF\\ntaken from us; so tliat, iiotwitbstaiKling our great\\nproductiveness, we were really a poor people wlicn\\ncontrasted with the consumers of our staple. This\\nwas not owing to the superior energies of the pur-\\nchasers, as some claim, hut to the neglect of a divi-\\nsion of labor among ourselves. This fact was often\\npresented to our minds by various writers, but so\\ninfatuated was the Southerner Avith the idea that\\ncotton, rice, and tobacco planting were the most\\nlucrative investments for his money, and the only\\nemployment for a man of capital, that as soon as\\nmone} was made by trade, it was, in nine cases out\\nof ten, invested in land and slaves; and cotton, rice,\\ntobacco and sugar continued to monopolize the labor\\nwhich could have been better appropriated to those\\nproductions with which we w^ere compelled to supply\\nourselves at an enormous expenditure of money.\\nThis condition of things has now been dojie away\\nwith by the disruption of the relations between pro-\\nprietor and laborer, and we are therefore constrained\\nto appropriate our limited capital to those invest-\\nments which yield the greatest profit, and thus avail\\nourselves of the varied resources and rich fields for\\nenterprise which await the industrious and thrifty\\nlal)orer. Agriculture, how^ever, must occupy the\\nmost important place in the South, since our climate\\nand soil are so admirably adapted to the successful\\nproduction of cotton, sugar and rice. These products,\\nso remunerative before the war, under the old system\\nof labor, will prove far more profitable under the new,\\nnecessitating the employment of more care in the\\npreparation of land, the economy of labor in tlie\\ncultivation of less land, by the introduction of im-", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 97\\nproved agricultural implements, and the careful and\\nmore judicious application of fertilizers. Already\\ndo we see the beneficial results of improved agricul-\\nture on our great staple, cotton for, whereas, one\\nbale to the acre was considered, before the w^ar, an\\nenormous yield we now hear of two being made in\\nmany places, and some are even sanguine of pro-\\nducing three; and this on land heretofore considered\\nas nearly worn out. That destructive system of aban-\\ndoning old land for new, and leaving the bare field\\nto the w^ashing of the storms, finally to grow up in\\nscrubby pines, though injurious to the succeeding\\ngeneration, saved the planter of that day an outlay\\nfor expensive fertilizers, and the labor of preparing\\nmanure for his fields must ultimately have resulted in\\nthe entire abandonment of this worn-out region, then\\nso considered, for the virgin alhivial soils of the\\nWest and Southwest, and, consequently, one of the\\nfinest reo-ions of the world would have been\\nleft to desolation and sterility. We, therefore,\\nmay consider that the new order of things will\\nprove a blessing to us, since we are now compelled\\nto become less migratory in our habits, and to settle\\ndown as a permanent population, from which will\\nnecessarily spring wealtli, education, improvement\\nin agriculture, the introduction of manufactures,\\nand the development of the great and varied re-\\nsources of our favored land. The history of em-\\npires show that the greatest nations have existed in\\neven a warmer climate than our own, and now,\\nsince the idea wliich an over zealous advocacy for\\nAfrican slave labor propagated that the white man\\ncould not labor in the South has been dispelled by\\n8", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "9? j^ILLY J^INE J^EGION OP\\nsubsequent observation, and the experience of the\\nwar, we may safely say that the greatness and pros-\\nperity of this country cannot be estimated by any\\nknown rules of poUtical economy. Sun strokes, so\\ncommon at the [N orth, seldom occur here our\\narmies rarely sent into the hospitals cases of this\\nkind. And wdien we contrast the dusty road of a\\nmarching army, the uniform of the soldiers, with his\\nheavy load of weapons and ammunition, with the\\nlield and the light clothing of the ploughman, and\\nthe ability of the latter to lay by in the heat of the\\nday, we may be excused for dogmatically saying that\\nthe field laborer in our reo ion runs no risk of a sun\\nstroke.*\\nThe history of the cotton culture in this country\\ndemonstrates the readiness with which man appro-\\npriates the advantages of soil and chmate to the\\nexigencies of his demands. When the iirst crop of\\ncotton was sent from South Carolina to England,\\nwhich consisted of only a few bales, it was said that\\nthe market was glutted by it, and it was not then\\neven believed that so much could have been pro-\\nduced in the Carolinas. Gradually this demand has\\nincreased with the supply, and now not only England\\nbut our own manufacturing States have been en-\\nriched by the product of our fields, and the demand\\nis still for more. This demand the South can\\nsupply, if we can only obtain the labor.\\nThe land only awaits the ploughshare, as there\\nare thousands of acres already cleared, prepared\\nfor the farmer. It only requires the seed to become\\n*The writer was consulted to-day by quite a neat, pretty, and delicate\\nwhite girl, of 16 years of aj^e, who had been woridng all summer in\\nthe cotton ticld, hoeing and j)ickiniif cotton, witliout any inconvenience\\nto health.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 99\\nfruitful, and yield a greater equivalent than any crop\\nin the world.\\nCotton planters have heretofore considered ten\\nacres about as much land as could he attended by\\none horse and man, and at the average yield before\\nthe war he was considered to do well who made live\\nbales to the hand. It has now been piroven that two\\nbales can be made to the acre and allowing that\\nmanuring and more careful culture would require\\ntw o horses and two men to the ten acres, there would\\nbe a yield of twenty bales, or double the amount per\\nacre and hand. At an average price of 20 cents per\\nlb., $2,000 would be the result of two laborers, and\\ndeducting seven hundred dollars for labor, manures\\nand all expenses, a clear profit is left, greater than\\nthat from any investment which could be made.\\nWhen, with this profit, we recollect that the farmer\\nmakes no outlay for food, house rent, etc., it will be\\nreadily seen that the occupation of farming in this\\nregion must necessarily be the most lucrative in-\\nvestment of capital.\\nThese advantages pertain equally to the small\\nfarmer as well as the large landholder, since his\\nprofits would even be greater in proportion, as he\\npays nothing for labor the work being performed\\nby himself and family.\\nHaniie,\\nBesides cotton, ramie will become generally cul-\\ntivated. The following article, from the Chronicle\\nand Sentinel, by P. J. Berckmans, Esq., shows that\\nit is well adapted to our soil\\nWe copy from the Maryland Farmer the following\\narticle upon this new textile plant. We have had the", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "loo fliLLY Pine Region of\\nramie in cultivation since the Spring of last j^ear, and\\nhave succeeded remarkably well Avith it. On the first\\nof August last we planted two thousand small plants,\\nnot one over six inches in height; the} were raised\\nfrom cuttings taken from older jjlants, and were set\\nout in a gravelly loam, fertilized with twelve loads of\\nstable manure to the acre. The land, if left unmanured\\nAvould, in average seasons, produce about ten bushels of\\ncorn to the acre. By September 15th, the young ramie\\nplants had attained a height of four feet, and had\\nthrown up from six to ten shoots each. Layering was\\nthen performed, but rather too late in the season to\\ngive the young layers time to get well established, as\\nonly one-half of these have now sufficient roots to\\nRtand the winter. The plants layered in August are\\nvery strong. A few of the plants set out in August\\nwere left unlay ered; they gave canes seven feet high\\nby the 1st of November. The amount of fibre yielded\\nby one cane is remarjcably large, and of extremely fine\\ntexture. Judging from the results of last late planting,\\nwe are satisfied that the advantages claimed for the\\nramie, and as set forth in the following article, can be\\nrelied upon.\\nWe would, however, remark that as the ramie is a\\nperennial plant, and a plantation of it can be called\\n2)erma7ient, deep and thorough working of the soil, as\\nwell as a good manuring, are absolutely necessary\\nbefore setting out the plants. The soil should be free\\nfrom Bermuda grass, and be kept frequently worked\\nuntil the layering of the canes. The roots of the\\nramie are of a fleshy and succulent texture, and ])ene-\\ntrate the soil to a depth of two feet or more.\\nMODE OF PROPAGATING.\\nA rich, sandy soil is the most suitable for ramie cul-\\ntivation, and is particularly desii able for a nursery,\\nwhere plants are to be rapidly pi-opagated. For field\\nculture the plant will thrive in any good sandy land.\\nTo secure a rapid and vigorous groAvth of roots, the\\nland should be thoroughly and deeply broken up to a\\nuniform depth of about ten inches, and well pulverized.\\nThis is highly important, and should be careful]}^ per-\\nformed to insure a rajfid accumulation of roots.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "G.EOi^GiA AND South Carolina. loi\\nIn propagating, level cultivation is preferable root\\ncuttings should always be used for first planting.\\nAfter the ground has been thoroughly prepared as\\nabove directed, the roots should be planted about six\\nfeet apart each way, three inches deep, and slantingly,\\nwith about one inch exposed above the surface; care\\nshould be taken to keep the ground moist around the\\nroots when first planted. No further attention, with the\\nexception of weeding, is required until the sprouts are\\nabout two feet high, when they should be gradually\\nand gentl}^ inclined toward the earth. When they\\nhave attained a height of three or four feet it will be\\nnoticed that they become of a brow^nish color near the\\nroot, they are then ready for projiagation; incisions\\nshould then be made with a thin, sharp-pointed knife, at\\neach eye of the stem, which should then be bent gently\\ndown, and covered with about three or four inches of\\nloose earth, care being taken to avoid detaching the\\nstem from the parent root. About six inches of the\\nleafy end should be left uncovered. In the course of three\\nor four weeks these layers wall have taken root, and\\nmay then be separated from the main root, divided in\\npieces and replanted. In planting in the field, layers\\nmay be laid down without being divided.\\nFIELD CULTURE.\\nAfter the ground has been ploughed deep and\\nthoroughly broken up, it should be laid off in beds\\nrunning the length of the field; these should be made\\nsix inches high and four wide, with a flat surface;\\npassages three feet wide should be left on each side,\\nand crossways at intervals through the field. A shallow\\nfurrow might be run down the centre of each bed; if\\nroots are to be planted, they should be put in the gi-ound\\nslantingly, three inches deep apart, with end projecting\\nabove the ground; if layers are to be planted, they\\nshould be laid in a furrow, about three inches deep,\\nhorizontally, with the ends laj^pin gas in cane ])lanting.\\nAfter the first year s growth has been cut, new s])routs\\nwill issue from all parts of the bed; the growth will\\nbecome very dense, and choke out all other vegetation.\\nHARVESTING.\\nWhen the stems have attained a height of six or", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "102 Hilly J^ine jR.egion of\\neight feet, they are then ready to be harvested; but\\nshould it be inconvenient for the farmer to commence\\ncutting at the time, the fibre will not be seriously\\ninjured if left in the field for a week or two longer.\\nIn cutting the stems an ordinary cane knife may be\\nused, care being taken to cut the stem a little below the\\nground. It will also be advisable to extract the fibre\\nwhen the stems are not too dry, as that labor is then\\nmuch more easily performed, and the fibre is of abetter\\nquality if broken out while in that condition. A simple\\nand easily worked machine, similar to the ordinary flax\\nbreakers, is being constructed for that purpose, with\\nthis the planter can make his crop marketable at small\\nexpense. In preparing the fibre for packing it should\\nbe done up in hanks, and packed in bags or bales like\\ncotton. All refuse matter, such as leaves, the woody\\nsubstance of the stem, etc., should be strewn over the\\nfield; no other manure is required.\\nGENERAL INFORMATION CONCERNING RAMIE.\\nRamie may be planted at any growing time of the\\nyear the Fall and early in the Spring being the best\\ntime for starting. It cannot be injured by cold, unless\\nthe ground freezes to a depth greater than six inches,\\nand continues frozen for several days. Many persons\\nsuppose Boehmeria Tenacissima and China grass\\nidentical; this is not the case, although they belong to\\nthe same family of plants. The China grass produces\\nseed from which it can be propagated, but the system\\nis difficult, and the fibre unequal to ramie in texture,\\nBoehneria Tenacissima can be propagated only from\\nroot cuttings, and is the finest variety of the Urticareie\\nfamily. In commercial parlance the fibres of the Bcvh-\\nmeria Tenacissima and tlie Bcehmeria Nevia, or China\\ngrass, are called China grass. In preparing the fibre\\nlor the market it will be to the advantage of the producer\\nto ship it in its crude raw state, as very little expense\\nwill be incurred in so preparing it. In this condition,\\nas before stated, it is worth ten cents in specie per\\npound. In preparing it for the spinner, chemical\\nprocess and costly machinery would be required. A\\nfactory for this purpose will be erected in New Orleans\\nduring the coming Spring, and planters and farmers\\nwill at all times find a ready market for fibre in this\\ncity.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 103\\nTHE NEW TEXTILE PLANT, FOR SOUTHERN CULTIVATION:\\nWITH A FULL DESCRIPTION OF ITS USES, MODE OP\\nPROPAGATION, CULTIVATION, ETC. BY J. BRUCKNER,\\nNEW ORLEANS, LA.\\nThis new textile, lately introduced to Southern\\nAgriculturists, is a native of the Island of Java, and\\nwas first brought to Europe, for investigation, in 1844,\\nwhere it received the botanical name of Bcehmeria\\nTenacissima, and, by the beauty and strength of its\\nfibre, attracted much attention in manufacturing circles.\\nSince that time every encouragement has been given to\\nproducers in the East Indies to induce them to cultivate\\nramie in a sufficient quantity to supply the demand;\\nthe result is that a considerable quantity is annually\\nreceived in Europe and manufactured into fabrics of the\\nfinest quality, excelling in strength, beauty and finish,\\nlinen of the finest texture, and rivalling even silk in\\nlustre.\\nSince its introduction into the United States, in March,\\n1867, it has excited much interest among European\\nmanufacturers. They consider the fibre of the Bfph-\\nmeria Tenacissma superior to that of any other textile\\nplant, and very valuable for manufacturing purposes;\\nthe supply from the East is entirely inadequate to fill\\nthe demand, and unequal to the fibre here produced in\\nquality; they are, therefore, very desirous of seeing\\nramie successfully cultivated in some country where\\nthe yield will be large and regular.\\nADVANTAGES OP RAMIE OVER COTTON AND OTHER\\nSTAPLES NOW CULTIVATED IN THE SOUTH.\\nThe soil and climate of the Southern vStates are\\nparticularl}^ adapted for the cultivation of ramie, which\\nrequires a loose, sandy soil, and temperate climate.\\nThese advantages can be secured in any of the cotton\\ngrowing States.\\nAt the present time most of our planters and farmers\\nare financially crippled, and cannot afford to expend\\nthe large sums necessary to secure the labor to make\\ncotton and sugar profitable crops: both of these articles\\nrequire large capital and continuous cultivation to\\nbring them to perfection, and both may be injured or\\ndestroyed by unfavorable seasons, or otlier causes.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "104 Hilly Pine R\u00c2\u00a3:gion of\\nCotton may be totally destroyed by the army worm, or\\nother insects. The fibre of the ramie being contained\\nin the inner bark of the stem, cannot be injured in that\\nway, and will not be hurt by either long continued wet\\nor dry weather; besides it requires small capital to\\nstart a ramie plantation, the plant being easily propa-\\ngated and cultivated; it is perennial, and will not\\nrequire re])lanting.\\nHaving been interested in ramie culture since its\\nintroduction in Louisiana, in 1867, I have given my un-\\ndivided attention to securing its successful introduction\\nand cultivation, and bringing its worth and usefulness\\nproperly before the Southern public. I have made\\nfrequent experiments in extracting the fibre from the\\nstem and preparing it for use, and have tried plants\\ngrown in this and other States with the most satisfac-\\ntory results. I find that our fibre is even finer than\\nthat of Java, and that the yield per acre is greater.\\nIn any of the Cotton States ramie can be harvested at\\nleast three times a year, each harvest or cutting will\\nproduce between nine and twelve hundred pounds,\\nmaking an average annual crop of about three\\nthousand pounds of crude unprepared fibre, worth at\\npresent in Europe ten cents specie per pound. In ])re-\\nparing the fibre for manufacturing purposes it loses\\nabout one-half, and increases in value sixty-five cents er\\npound. Thus, it is apparent that ramie, requiring\\nlittle or no tillage to produce such magnificent results,\\nis the most profitable crop that the planter can culti-\\nvate.\\nThe fibre, when prepared for the spinner, is beauti-\\nfully white, soft and glossy, closely resembling floss silk\\nin appearance; it is much stronger than the best flax,\\nand really receives the most difticult dyes without\\ninjury to its strength or lustre.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "Georgia and 3outh Carolina. 105\\n3Iaii^e or Corn\\nIs, next to cotton, the most generally cultivated\\nstaple. Of all the cereals it is perhaps the most\\nproductive, yielding, as a general thing, more grain\\nto the acre, and more directly applicable to the\\nwants of the farmer, than any other grain, since it\\nnot only serves as f(wd for himself, but also his\\nworking animals, hogs, etc. The yield is not as\\ngreat here as it is in some of the Western States,\\nowing to the careless manner of cultivating it,\\nand the neglect of fertilizers. When it has been\\ncultivated with a view of making a large yield\\nto the acre, for the prize cup of some agricultural\\nsociety, it has been known to produce as high as\\none hundred and twenty bushels to the acre.\\nThe general price of this grain on the coast, from\\nMaine to Florida, may be said to lie about one\\ndollar per bushel.\\nIn this climate it may succeed the w^heat crop\\nwhen economy of land is desirable thus two crops,\\none of wheat and one of maize, may be obtained\\nfrom the same land in one year. This has been fre-\\nquently done. The quantity of this grain necessary\\nto maintain a farm horse in full vigor, with long\\nforage, is about twelve or sixteen pounds each. It\\nis generally fed in the grain, but is better ground,\\nwdien a less amount is necessary. Its leaves are\\nused as long forage, and considered equal to the best\\nliay, while the stem is often substituted as litter for\\nthe cattle pen, it being an excellent absorbent of\\nurine, etc., rotting very readily for the purposes of\\nmanure.\\n9", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "io6 ffiLLY Pine Region of\\nDuring the late civil war it was found that about\\nthree-quarters of a pound of this grain, ground into\\nmeal, would support the strength of one man, and\\nmaintain him in perfect health. It was very often\\nthe only farinaceous food used in the hospitals in\\nVirginia for convalescents and though it was said\\nand believed by many to have been the great cause\\nof the mortality among patients suffering from\\nchronic bowel affections, yet there was no reason to\\nattribute the fatality exclusively to this article of\\ndiet, after the patient had been habituated to its use.\\nThe army of Northern Virginia, under General Lee,\\ncertainly experienced as much exemption from this\\ndisease as did the United States soldiers, who\\nenjoyed an abundant commissai iat and all the\\nhospitcil luxuries with whicli that army was sup-\\nplied. The al und iicr oil in tins grain sliows it\\nto coirtrriii, in tiji respect, one of the essential nu-\\nrririve qualities of food; and as an indication of its\\nhealth fulness as an article of diet, the Georgian\\nis certainly a favorable illustration, since it is\\namong our people really the principal farinaceous\\nfood; and there is not a finer race of men or\\nwomen to be found in any region of the world, both\\nfor personal appearance and vigor oK constitution.\\nThe long journeys performed by the Indian runner,\\nwith no food but a few pints of parched nniize, is a\\npractical illustration of its strength-sustaining pro-\\nperty and as an article of diet, when prepared by\\na Southern housekeeper of the olden time, there\\nwas certainly nothing more delicious. Those\\nwho are only familiar with the Indian pudding\\nof the iN orthern table, can form no ideii of the", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 107\\nvariety of breads made from it b} a Southern cook.\\nAs compared with wheat, rye, oats and barley, this\\ngrain as an article of food may be estimated as one\\nthird cheaper.\\nWheat.\\nThe almost entire devotion of labor to cotton and\\nmaize, and the appropriation of fertilizers to these\\nproductions exclusively, has produced a very errone-\\nous impression as to the adaptation of the soil and\\nclimate of Middle Georgia and South Carolina to\\nthe production of this grain. A few isolated experi-\\nments, made before the w^ar, in both clay and mixed\\nlands (viz cUi}^ and sandy soil), proved that these\\nlands are well adapted to the cultivation of wheat as\\na crop on a large scale, and but for the present high\\nprice of cotton, and the certainty of the crop, there\\nare many farmers who might be induced to enter\\ninto its almost exclusive productio.i. The higher\\nprice of southern wheat in northern markets, owing\\nto \\\\i^ superior dryness and unfermentable qimlities\\nas asserted by a w^riter in DeBow s Review, should\\nrecommend it to the agriculturists who may come\\namong us. This writer states that southern wheat\\noften weighs 70 lbs. to the bushel. So far as\\nI liave been able to ascertain, the greatest yield\\non well manured clay land, in this State, has\\nbeen about forty bushels, or nearly two thousand\\neight hundred pounds to the acre. In this State,\\nand South Carolina, this cereal has few enemies, as\\nyet, to injure its productiveness such as the fly,\\ntil read and joint worm, so destructive in Virginia\\nand though the rust and smut occasionally injure it,", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "io8 Hilly Pine Region of\\nthere are certain varieties of the plant which have\\nso far escaped the ravages of this fungus. It, there-\\nfore, may he k: oked upon as ahiiost a certain crop,\\neven with the present careless manner of preparing\\nthe land and seed, and the absence of fertilizers to\\nstimulate healthy and vigorous growth and when\\nthe same care and skill are applied to it as have\\nbeen devoted to cotton and corn, there is no reason\\nto doubt that we shall become large exporters of this\\nimportant article of food.\\nBye.\\nThis grain has generally been sown by our planters\\nas green food for young cattle, in the spring of\\nthe year, and is scarcely ever harvested in the grain.\\nSo far as I have been able to ascertain, it is a cer-\\ntain crop, and has generally produced as abundantly\\nas wheat. It is never used, out of our cities, as an\\narticle of diet; and, therefore, little is brought from\\nthe country, being mostly imported from the north.\\nThe certainty of its nuituring here recommends it\\nto the consideration of the farmer, and as our cities\\nare filled up with a foreign population the demand\\nmust increase, and it will eventually become an\\narticle of home production. Already is the value\\nof this grain beginning to be appreciated by the\\nsouthern farmer, and but for reasons before men-\\ntioned, it would no doubt receive the consideration\\nit demands from our agriculturists.\\nOats\\nAre found to yield as abundantly as any of the\\nother grains, and are generally soAvn in the autumn,\\nthough they have been found to produce equally", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 109\\nwell when sown in the Hprino If not as heavy as\\nnorthern oats, their value is materially increased\\nfrom the fact of their cominji; into market much\\nearlier.\\nHarley^\\nOn our clay lands, produces equally as well as any\\nof the other grains, and is generally used as a\\ngreen, winter and s|)] ing pasturage.\\nCotv Pea Viria).\\nThis legume is generally cultivated throughout the\\nwhole region of Georgia and Carolina, from the sea-\\nboard to the base of the Blue Ridge mountains,\\nranking next in importance to corn and wheat, in\\nthe estimation of the planter, both as forage for\\ncattle and food for man. The yield is from six to\\ntwenty bushels per acre, and sells in the cities at\\nabout the price of corn. As feed for horses it is\\nconsidered a[ t to gripe, but it is said, when boiled or\\nsimply scalded witli liot water, to be the best of feed\\nfor milcli cows, as it is thought to stimulate the\\nsecretion of milk. In the low country it was given\\nas a ration to the plantation laborers, and w^as much\\nrelished by them when boiled with a piece of bacon\\nindeed, it often entered into the culinary department\\nof the mansion, and several very fine dishes were\\nmade with it. ])uring the war there were man}-\\nfamilies, who, with corn meal, made it their prin-\\ncipal article of food, as being the cheapest and most\\nnutritious food to be liad. As a fertilizer, and reno-\\nvator of old and worn lands, it was introduced to\\nthe notice of the ]_)lanter by Mr. Ruiiin, of Virginia,\\nwho, by its use as a green fertilizer, restored\\nseveral places to their original fertility.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "no j^iLLY Pine IIegion of\\nTlie experiments in relation to its fertilizing\\nquality veriiied the predictions of Mr. Kuffin.\\nWhen broadcast upon the unploughed land,\\nand turned in with an ordinary plough, about\\nfour inches deep, in the early part of May, it Avill\\nproduce its flowers about the latter of Jnly, and is\\nthen said to be in the best stage of growth for\\nploughing in as a green manure. About the first or\\nmiddle of October the Uxnd may be sowed in wheat.\\nA friend in Virginia, who tried this experiment in\\nsome worn-out land, assured me that it had brought\\nhis lands to a high state of fertility, and that he\\nwould rather do without guano or the super-phos-\\nphates than the pea. When crab grass is allowed\\nto grow with the pea, and is cut with the vine\\nfor hay, it is said to make the most nutritious\\nof all forage, and is ravenously devoured by cattle\\nas well as horses.\\nHoots,\\nIn no vegetable productions do our soil and cli-\\nmate show their superiority over any other part of\\nthe world, and adaption to the wants of agricul-\\nture, than in the largo return careful labor receives\\nfrom this branch of agriculture.\\nSweet I^otato.\\nA yield of four hundred bushels to the acre\\nis not an uncommon result from the proper cul-\\ntivation of this root and when it is considered in\\nits various relations to the economy of the farm, its\\nvalue cannot be overrated. As an article of diet for\\nman, it is both nutritious and digestible; and for\\ncattle and hogs it is one of the b^st fatteners. A", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "pEORGiA AND ^OUTH CAROLINA. Ill\\nhand may cultivate five acres with the other produce\\nof a farm and after gathering as much as may be\\nnecessary for a winter s supply on the farm, the hogs\\nmay be turned into the field, when they will very\\nsoon fatten upon the remainder. This root gene-\\nrally sells in our market towns at from seventy-five\\nceuts to one dollar per bushel; and if shipped to\\nthe I^orthern cities, in the early season, always\\nbrings very remunerative prices to the shipper.\\nAs they are easilj^ damaged by frost, it is neces-\\nsary to protect them against the weather, which\\nis generally done on the plantation in a very simple\\nmanner. The roots are piled on the ground in\\nhills of about twenty bushels, covered over with\\ncornstalks, which are in turn covered with earth\\nseveral inches thick over this is placed a rude\\nshelter to keep oft rain. By this simple means\\nthe root is efiectually protected until the spring,\\nwhen they are again planted out.\\nCow-pen manure, and the phosphates, have been\\nfound the best fertilizers for this root, as well as for\\nall others.\\nIrish Potatoes\\n(As the Solanum Tuberasum, or common potato\\nis called, in Georgia and South Carolina), return an\\nabundant yield to the agriculturist; but as they\\nmature quite early in this climate they generally\\nbecome unfit for v.inter use. They are commonly\\nplanted with us about January or February, and are\\nready for use as early as June, and may be permitted\\nto remain in the ground until August and Septem-\\nber. It is very probable that if planted in July they", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "112 Hilly Pine Region op\\nmight be easily kept all winter, but as the experi-\\nment has never been tried on a large scale, it might\\nnot prove successful. Very large quantities are\\nshipped to northern ports in the early season, and\\nthe enterprising gardeners of our Sand Hills and\\nseaboard have made large sums of money by ship-\\nping them.\\nBeets.\\nThis root grows on the clay lands bordering on\\nthe Sand Hill region and the argillaceous sandy\\nsoil in the hills, to a very large size, yielding an\\nabundant crop. Its cultivation on a large scale has\\nnever been attempted that I am aware of, though it\\nis most probable that its valuable qualities as feed\\nfor cattle will come to be appreciated when stall\\nfeeding of cattle becomes generally adopted by the\\nfarmers, or as a new set of men come into the coun-\\ntry. From four to six pounds weight has been\\nproduced to the single beet in the garden, and\\nthis with no great care in their cultivation.\\nTurnips.\\nLike the beet, this root grows well, rewarding\\nthe careful farmer with an abundant yield. It is\\ngenerally sown in the month of September, and\\nallow^ed to remain in the ground all winter, and is\\neither dug and fed in the pen to cattle and sheep, or\\nelse they are turned upon it as winter pasture.\\nTo the dairy farmer its value is incalculable, since\\nit always yields abundantly, and, in connection with\\nrye and barley, he may have all winter green food\\nfor his milch cows.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Caj^oliha. 115\\nAll the garden vegetables are produced in this\\nclimate at least six weeks earlier than in the north-\\nern States thus aftbrding to the gardener a most\\nremunerative return in the ready sale they meet\\nwith in the northern cities.\\nJPiiosphatic Deposits and Marl Beds,\\nThe existence of immense deposits of fossil bones\\nin the Charleston basin, has been known to the nu-\\nmerous geologists who have examined the tertiary\\nregions of South Carolina, but their great richness in\\nphosphate of lime was not actually demonstrated\\nuntil within a short time since, when Professor\\nHolmes and Dr. I*^. A. Pratt gave them a careful\\nanalysis, and found them as rich in this important\\nelement of fertility as the best guano from the\\nPacific.\\nThis bed, says Dr. Pratt, is found cropping out\\non the banks of the Ashley, Cooper, Stono, Coosaw,\\nand Combahee rivers, and their tributaries; but is\\ndeveloped most heavily and richly on the Ashley,\\nand no doubt extends along the coast east, and es-\\npecially west, to unknown limits, and has been found\\nas far inland as forty or fifty miles.\\nJ^ear the Ashley river it paves the public high-\\nway for miles; it seriously impedes the cultivation\\nof the land, afi:brding scarcely soil enough to give\\n*bed to the cotton rows, and in many places the\\nrock is thrown into piles on the lawns, or into\\ncauseways over ravines, to get them out of the way\\nof the plough. It underlies many square miles of\\nsurface continuously, at a depth varying from six\\ninches to twelve feet or more, and exists in such", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "114 j4iLLY Pine Regiok op\\nquantity that in some localities from five hnndred to\\none thousand tons or more underlies each acre. In\\nfact it seems there are no rocks in this section which\\nare not phosphates. Various analysis of this deposit\\nshow from 30.40 to 55.92 per ceutage of phosphate\\nof lime, and ev^eii greater can be found.\\nIn consequence of this discov^erj^ a company was\\nsoon formed under the title of Sulphine Acid and\\nSuperphosphate Company, which is now in a pros-\\nperous condition, engaged not only in manufacturing\\nthe superphosphates, but is also shipping large por-\\ntions of the unground material to England, and our\\nnorthern States. Dr. Pratt thus concludes his in-\\nstructive and valuable pamphlet:\\nWe are in need of capital, labor, mining and manu-\\nfacturing skill, enterprise and energy. Our mountains\\nare full of gold, silver, copper, lead, iron, manganese,\\nand sulphur. Our midland belt abounds in the purest\\nkaolin or China clay, now dail}^ applied to some new or\\nnovel use. Also, in the best ol* tire-proof clays and\\nsands for glass, pottery, and crucible manufacture, and\\nnow is discovered for the tirst time in the history of\\nAmerica, that which for many years overlooked, is of\\nall else in the State or County most valuable to our\\nagricultural community, for the calcarious beds of South\\nCarolina, heretofore recognized as the most valuable in\\nthe world, contains an element of fertility which is\\ndestined to remodel our system of agriculture restore\\nactivity, energy, and life to our people give contidence\\nto trade spread out the tiapping sails of commerce,\\nand impart fertility and verdure to the exhausted acres\\nof the w^orld.\\nIn reading the above description of this phos-\\nphatic deposit, it would seem that the Chinca Islands\\nof the Pacific luive been brought to our very doors,\\nand that when we have recovered from the paralysis", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Caholika. 115\\nnow aftecting agriculture, that we shall commence\\najrain with the most favoral)le conditions which\\ncould liave been devised to secure certain success.\\nTo the middle and back country of Georgia, as\\nwell as Carolina, this discovery is of incalculable\\nvalue, since it will be available to all portions of the\\ntwo States, and vvill no doubt be furnished at half\\nthe cost of the Peruvian guano, and even cheaper\\nthan the manufactured fertilizers so generally used\\namong us.\\nIn the inexhaustible beds of shell lime and marl\\ndeposited throughout the Eocene bed of the tertiary\\nstrata, in close proximity to lines of railroad near the\\nSand Hill region, we have the same fertilizers which\\nhave added so materially to the vakie and produc-\\ntiveness of the sandy lands of New Jersey. With\\ndemand for this article, enterprise and capital would\\nsoon be found to make these beds available for agri-\\ncultural as well as building purposes.\\nThe Central railroad passes through this Eocene\\nformation in Scriven, Burke, Jefferson, and Wash-\\nington counties, containing many fine deposits of\\nshell and shell lime stone immediately in its track\\nwhich may be seen along the route, especially in\\nJefferson and Washington counties. Says Dr. Jones:\\nWe have selected the deposit in this locahty for an\\nearly examination and report, because it yields lime of\\nan excellent quality for architectural purposes, and be-\\ncause it is inexhaustible, containing lime sufficient to\\nsupply every planter and architect in Georgia.\\nThe shell Hmestone can be obtained in inexhaustible\\nquantities from the sides of the hills, without any ex-\\ncavation, and without suffering any inconvenience from\\nan accumulation of water.\\nThis shell limestone will yield 1030 pounds of excel-", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "ii6 j^iLLY Pine Region of\\nlent lime to the ton. For agricultural purposes it will\\nyield 1837 pounds of carbonate of lime, and 122 pounds\\nof phosphate of lime.\\nThe shell limestone of Georgia is richer in lime, and\\ncontains less impurities than the majority of the lime-\\nstones and marls of Europe and of the United States,\\nand is fully equal to the best limestones and marls\\nfound in Europe and America.\\nThe shell limestone of Georgia is capable of fur-\\nnishing lime for architectural purposes equal in purit}\\nand quality to any in Europe or America.\\nThe limestone of Georgia is more suitable for agri-\\ncultural purposes than the limestones of the older for-\\nmations in Europe and America, in two most important\\nrespects\\n(1) It contains less magnesia\\n(2) It contains a much larger proportion of the\\nphosphates.\\nThe marls of Georgia are as rich in carbonate of\\nlime as the marls of Europe, and of other portions of\\nthe United States.\\nThe marls of Georgia are richer in phosphatic acid\\nand its compounds, than the majority of the marls of\\nEurope and of the other parts of the United States,\\nand are fully equal to the richest marls of Maryland,\\nSouth Carolina and Alabama.\\nOne of the beds of Georgia marl yielded near seven\\nper cent, of phosphate of lime, and could give to the\\n300 bushels more than one thousand ])Ounds of the\\nphosphate of lime. Several of the analyses of the\\nmarls of Maryland and South Carolina show a higher\\nper cent, of phosphate of lime than those of Georgia,\\nbut I find upon reference to the accompanying descrip-\\ntion, that the specimens were selected from deposits\\nrich in bones and excrements of fish and fragments of\\ncorals. I have in my possession bones and corpolites\\nfrom the shell limestone and marl beds of Geoi-gia\\nwhich would yield a higher per centage of phosphates\\neven than those of Mar iand and South C arolina.\\nIn tlie marls, then, as well as in the shell limestone,\\nGeorgia possesses inexhaustible stores of phosphate of\\nlime.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 117\\nWe may then, with truth, affirm that in this import-\\nant element of fertility Georgia is independent of the\\nworld.\\nThe value of these deposits of marl to the horticul-\\nturist is incalculable, since it has been proven by ex-\\nperience that scrape particularly is very materially\\nbenefited by it. One vineyard, which had, from\\nsome reason or other, ceased to ripen its fruit per-\\nfectly, produced a prolific crop of most delicious\\nfruit after having been supplied with the phosphate\\nof lime existing in the marl of this region.\\nFruit Culture Peach,\\nIt is only within a few years that the cultivation\\nof fruit has received the attention its importance\\ndemanded, since it was discovered that a large por-\\ntion of the Sand Hill soil was better adapted to it\\nthan any other production. The late Mr. William\\nGregg, the founder of the Graniteville factory, de-\\nserves the credit of being the pioneer in this enter-\\nprise. He appropriated a portion of his wealth to\\nthis branch of horticulture, and set out the first large\\npeach orchard with the view^ of supplying ISTorthern\\nmarkets. The investment having proved profitable,\\nothers soon followed his example, and very soon\\nfruit, particularly the peach, became an important\\nitem of transportation with the steamers running\\nfrom Charleston to Kew York. There are now sev-\\neral orchards of a hundred acres in the neighbor-\\nhood of Aiken, and though they were very much\\nneglected during the war, because of the necessity\\nof devoting labor exclusively to the production of\\ngrain, yet they are now receiving proper attention,\\nand it is expected that their former profitableness", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "Il8 J^ILLY j^INE JR.\\nEGION OF\\nwill reward the oreharclist for bis labors. The earlier\\nvarieties of this fruit ripen about the 20th June, and\\ncommand from $15 to $20 per bushel in the New\\nYork market. It is stated, upon reliable autliority,\\nthat several persons in that vicinity have realized\\nmore than $500 per acre in favorable seasons. The\\ntrees usually commence to bear the third year, and\\nthen produce from a peck to two bushels per tree.\\nThe disease known as the yellows has not as yet\\nmade its appearance, and the land l)eing poor, it is\\nnot so liable to those fungus diseases which seem to\\nresult from a superabundance of sap and the too\\nrapid development of fruit. The peach grown in\\nthe Sand Hill region surpasses all others in flavor,\\nand often attains a size which would scarcely be\\ncredited unless seen. The trees are generally planted\\nfrom sixteen to twenty feet apart, giving from 112\\nto 175 trees to the acre, and ripen from June to\\nI^ovember, according to the varieties planted. Ripen-\\ning a nionth or six weeks earlier than the New Jersey\\nand Delaware peach, there is always a ready sale to\\nbe had in the northern cities; and when the supply-\\nis sufhciently increased to warrant the running of\\nsteamers regularly from Savannah and Charleston,\\nto transport the fruit, this no doubt will be done,\\nand thus it must become a certain source of profit-\\nable income. There are now several large nurseries\\nin this region engaged in supplying the demand\\nfor young trees, since it has been found that\\nour native varieties are not only superior to the\\nnorthern fruit in flavor and beauty, but are also less\\napt to sufl:er from late frosts and mildew. The\\ncheapness of land favorable to the growth of the", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina.\\nD South Carolina. 119\\npeach, enables lis to supply the old orchard by a new\\none when the soil of the first has been exhausted of\\nthose elements of nutrition necessary to the perfect-\\ning of the fruit, whicli in the experience of the Del-\\naware growers occurs in about twenty years whilst\\nthe abundance of woodland enables the orchardist\\nto protect his trees from high winds, which are found\\nto injure very materially the productiveness of the\\norchard.\\nGrape Culture,\\nPrevious to the war, says Mr. A. de Caradeux,\\nof Aiken, S. C, we considered the grape culture\\nas the most profitable, and the most certain of all\\ncrops. For a lapse of fifteen years before 18(J3, we\\nhad lost but two or three crops from extremely lute\\nand severe frosts. Of the rot we suffered but little.\\nThe wine nuide by us was of excellent quality, and\\nsold at very remunerative prices, and we considered\\nthat a vineyard of ten acres, attended by one man\\n(a very moderate task), was, on an average, good for\\nan income of $1,500 or $2,000; some yielding much\\nmore and some a little less. In 18G2 we had a mag-\\nnificent crop of grapes, and the wine made from\\nthem could not be surpassed in quality or flavor\\nAfter that year, the owners of vineyards were either\\nin the army, or when at home were compelled from\\nmany causes to neglect their orchards and vineyards\\nin order to make bread. In every country neglect\\nis fatal to the vine. Ours began to fail, and the more\\nthey failed the more we neglected them. After the\\nwar we were ruined, and reduced to the verge of\\nstarvation, without means to live on save by the\\nlabor of our own hands, we could not devote any", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "120 Willy Pine jplEGioN of\\nportion of our own time to a crop requiring two\\nyears to pay. We had to make corn. The vineyard\\nwas more than ever neglected the unpruned vines\\nfruited poorly, and the little fruit rotted all, except\\nthe never-failing Scuppernong, that never rots\\nnever fails care or no care, it makes hut little dif-\\nference with it.\\nBefore discarding the other grapes, let me im-\\npress upon our people my very strong belief that\\nour vineyards can yet be regenerated. Let those\\nwho have the means try the experiment. Prune\\nthem carefully and heavily, saving strong suckers\\nwhere the main stem is not sound. Plough them,\\nhoe around them, give them phosphate of lime, keep\\nthem clear of grass and weeds, and well tied to the\\nstakes. This belief is strictly supported by facts, in\\na few vines of my own, and in the entire crop of Mr.\\nDerby, near Aiken. This gentleman lately settled\\non a place with a large unproductive vineyard. He\\nhad large means at his disposal he tried and did\\nevery thing required to regenerate his vineyard, and\\nhis la^^or was rewarded. His grapes were splendid\\nripened well, and more than repaid all his outlay.\\nThis fact shows conclusively what culture and atten-\\ntion can do for our present neglected vineyards.\\nThey did well before the war, when they were taken\\ncare of; they failed when neglected and after the\\nwar, the only one which has received proper culture\\ndoes well at once, while others around it have again\\nfailed from neglect. I do not, therefore, consider\\ngrape culture a failure, by any means, but think the\\nprospect very encouraging. Should a cultivator,\\nhowever, wish to discard all the varieties Uable to", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Cai^olina. i^i\\nthe rot, let him confine himself to the faithful\\nScuppernong. This hardy variety never rots, and\\nnever fails of a crop. It requires but little pruning\\nto keep it in shape; very little culture; is a strong-\\ngrower, accommodating itself to all lands, rich and\\npoor, clayey or sandy, dry or wet. The wine made\\nfrom it is of pleasant flavor; rather weakly when\\nnew, but improves with age. When pure it is like\\nsome of the Rhenish or Mozelle wines, a little too\\nacid. It is much improved by the addition of\\nalcohol or brandy and sugar. This is scarcely an\\nobjection, for it is well known that most of the\\nchoicest brands of foreign whines receive more or less\\nof these ingredients Should many foreigners settle\\namong us, I look for a large and rapid increase of\\nour vineyards, and wine will become an important\\nitem of exportation on our list.\\nMr. H. W. Ravenel, of Aiken, to whom lam also\\nindebted for the following valuable remarks on grape\\nculture, taken from an instructive pamphlet on the\\nsubject, writes\\nA-s our remarks are intended for grape culture at the\\nsouth, we will here name the varieties which seem to\\nbe most in favor at present (January, 1868), as most\\nhardy and free of disease most productive, and best\\nadapted to lime.\\nOf these the opinion is almost universally favorable\\nto the Scuppernong and its allied kind. This grape has\\nlong been known. It is a native of North Carolina,\\nfound in abundance growing wild about Scuppernong\\nlake or river, on its eastern shore. It is undoubtedly\\none of the chance varieties, or seedlings, which some-\\ntime spring up sports or variations from the usual\\nty|)e, which can only be propagated by layers, cuttings,\\nor grafts. In ninety-nine out of a hundred cases (speak-\\ning generally) if the seed is ])lanted, the offspring is a\\nblack grape of inferior quality, showing a tendency to\\nresort to the original or wild variety. We have tried\\n10", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "122 tllLLY -KlNE KEGION OF\\nj=^INE JR.]\\nmany, perhaps fifty or sixty seedlings of this grape, all\\nselected from seeds of the fruit and best matured\\ngrapes, and in every instance the oftspring was a black\\ngrape. Those familiar with the wild grapes, found in\\nthe woods, are aware of the difference in quality of\\nfruit (natives even then showing a tendency toward\\nvariation) some vines bearing a nice and eatable fruit,\\nothers a small, hard, and inferior fruit. We suppose\\nthat the original vine from which the so-called Scupper-\\nnong has been pro])agated, was an accidental seedling\\nof very superior quality (accidental as w^e understand\\nthe term) and as such a good variety was found ready\\nmade to our use, by nature s methods, it has been\\npropagated and extended by subdivisions of the\\noriginal plant. It is not at all impossible that, by the\\nplanting of seeds of this grape, a variety even superior\\nto this may be raised.\\nThis process, viz: the planting of seeds and raising-\\nnew varieties which will be specially adapted to the\\nconditions in which they originate, is the triil} rational\\nand most philosophical mode by which we may expect\\nto improve all our varieties of fruit.\\nThe Thomas grape is another superior variety of\\nbullace. For its history, and that of the Flovers\\ngrape, we are indebted to Mr. Daniel Fare, of Marion\\nDistrict, South arolina, who sent specimens of\\nthe fruit to the Vine Growers Convention, in\\nAiken, in 1860, and afterward supplied us with the\\nplants. In his letter he says\\nThe Thomas grape was originally found near an old\\ncamp of Gen. Marion s, at a place known as the\\nBowling Green, about four miles above Marion Court\\nHouse. It ripens about ten days earlier than the\\nScuppernong, and from four to six weeks earlier than\\nthe Flowers. The Flowers grape was first found on Ash\\nPole swamp, about the border line between Marion\\nDistrict and Hoberson county, ISTorth Carolina.\\nThese again w^ere chance seedlings of nature s planting.\\nThe first of these, the Thomas, is semi-transparent,\\npinkish, turning nearly black very sweet, and having\\nan aromatic and honey flavor. We sent specimens\\nof the fruit this season to Mods. L. Merzeau, a French", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 123\\nvinter and wine maker, in the vicinit}^ of Aiken, and\\nlie isays it is the best of all the bullace grapes he has\\ntried for wine. It is a great bearer, and ripens a few\\ndays before the Scuppernong, say about the middle of\\nSeptember, in this latitude.\\nThe Flowers grape is an enormous bearer berries\\nlarge, nearly- black, strongly attached to the stems,\\nin clusters of ten, fifteen, or twenty; with thick skin\\nand solid, fleshy pulp; ripening about the beginning of\\nOctober, and hanging on the vine until frost. We\\nhave not seen it tried for wine, but it is the best known\\ngra])e for preserves, jellies, etc. It would scarcely\\nmature beyond the northern limits of North Carolina,\\nbut being a late grape, the advantage of having a cool\\nseason for the manufacture and fermentation of the\\nwine, may make it a desirable grape for that purpose.\\nThese grapes like all the varieties of the bullace\\nnever rot. Their thick skin protects the juices within\\nfrom the change of seasons, and the late period at\\nwhich they put forth the flowers is a safe guard\\nagainst spring frosts. They ma}^ be always relied uj^on\\nfor good crops, and in rich soils their jneld is very\\ngreat.\\nThe Clinton (a variety of the small summer grape, a\\nVitis jEstivalis), is now the favorite grape of this class\\nfor wine. The berries are small, and the quality not\\ngood as a table grape; but the vine is hardy, vigorous\\nand healthy; fruit not subject to disease, and makes a\\nAvine of good quality. We have, also, found the Dr.\\nPearson, a small black grape of this class very prom-\\nising as a wine grape, and similar to the Clinton in its\\ncharacter. The fruit is small, and not good for the\\ntable, but the vine is very healthy a good bearer, and\\nhas never rotted during the six or eight years we have\\nhad it, though in seasons where other grapes have\\nfailed.\\nThe Catawba (of the Vitis Lahrusca, a large grape\\nfamily) is an old standard wine and table grape, and is\\nstill a favorite in many quarters. This, like most others\\nof the Labrusca and .Estivalis species of grape, feels\\nthe efl ects of adverse seasons, and occasionally rots\\nthough our own experience is that it is more exempt\\nthan most others of its class.\\nIn this State (South Carolina) Dr. A. P. Wylie, of", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "124 Hilly Pine Region of\\nChester, has been engaged for ten or twelve years in\\nthis mode (hybridizing) of improving our grapes. He\\nhas planted many hundreds of seeds which he had pre-\\nviously hybridized, and these seedlings are now coming\\ninto bearing. We have seen and tested many of the\\nspecimens. Among them are many beautiful varieties\\nsome for a table grape, comparing well with the best\\nEuropean kinds others highly promising as wine\\ngrapes. Many of his grapes are such as to leave but\\nlittle more to desire they onl}^ need longer trial to\\ntest their hardiness and their adaptation to our soil\\nand climate.\\nIn 1866, the citizens of Aiken, desirous of attract-\\ning the attention of immigrants and others to their\\nneighborhood, appointed a number of their most\\nprominent residents to draft a report upon the ad-\\nvantages of the vicinity with respect to its remedial\\ninfluences upon puhiionary consumption, and also its\\nhorticultural, agricultural, and manufacturing re-\\nsources, from which report I copy the following re-\\nmarks, in relation to grape culture.\\nAround Aiken, nearly 500 acres are now planted in\\ngrapes the vines are heal thy and vigorous the pecu-\\nliar dryness of the atmosphere the rolling surface, and\\nthe light porous nature of the soil, which quickly dis-\\ncharges all superfluous moisture, makes it especially\\nadapted to the grape culture. The qualit}^ of the fruit\\nsurpasses that of other sections, both in high flavor\\nand per centage of saccharine matter. The grapes\\nbegin to ripen about the middle of July, and are ready\\nfor the press some time in August.\\nThe vines are generally planted in rows ten feet\\napart, and about six feet in the row, making about 750\\nplants to the acre. They are rarely injured by the\\nfrosts. A vineyard once properly started is an inheri-\\ntance for one s children. Mr. Axe, of Georgia, ofl ered\\nto guarantee twenty-five hundred gallons of wine per\\nacre to those employing him to superintend and plant\\ntheir vineyards.\\nProf Hume, in an address delivered to the Aiken\\nYine Growing Association, in 1860, stated that he was", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "Georgia and 3outh Carolina. 125\\ncommissioned by New York houses to purchase all the\\nAiken wines he could get at $2 per gallon, as dealers in\\nwines found these best for making their bases.\\nIt is estimated that wine can be produced at twenty\\ncents per gallon, and the demand, even at $2, is fully\\nequal to the supply.\\nWe thus see from the preceding that the neigh-\\nborhood of Aiken is well adapted to the vine. The\\nland adapted to the vine culture can be purchased\\nat from two to five dollars per acre. Her citizens\\nare anxious to sell their lands to actual settlers, and\\nwill, by their own statements, extend every assist-\\nance to those who may come among them to assist\\nin developing the immense resources of that favored\\nand healthful region. These advantages, however,\\nare not peculiar to that immediate vicinity the\\nwhole extent of the Sand Hill region, as described\\nin the physical geography of the region, possesses\\nthe same inducements, in pointof cheapness of land,\\nproductiveness in fruit, healthfulness, manufacturing\\nand transportation facilities.\\nMr. P. J. Berckmans, an experienced and highly\\neducated horticulturist, owning one of the most\\nbeautiful, extensive and profitable nurseries in the\\nsouth, has been kind enough to furnish me with a\\npaper on grape culture, read before the Richmond\\nCounty (Georgia) Agricultural Club, from wliich I\\nextract the following remarks\\nCan the grape be cultivated here with a fair prospect\\nof profit? is a question that is first asked by new\\nbeginners. It can be answered in the affirmative, pro-\\nvided the right varieties be planted.\\nThe Concord has been pronounced at the North and\\nWest the grape for the \u00e2\u0080\u00a2million, and the poor man s\\nwine-grape. This is true for those sections; but not\\nfor the Southern States. We have a grape indigenous\\nto the country, which is more deserving that appellation", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "126 Willy Pine Region of\\nfor us: one that will thrive on a rocky hill as well as\\nin a rich bottom; never failing to produce a crop of\\nfruit; never having been known to rot, and, above all,\\nneeding no exj^erienced hand to trim it. I refer to the\\nScuppernong. Its capacity of production is fabulous,\\nwhen compared to other vineyard varieties. Vines\\nplanted six years ago, upon land that would not pro-\\nduce ten bushels of corn to the acre, in avei-age years,\\nhave produced one and a half bushels of fruit each, and\\nthis is the fourth crop. They were planted without\\nregard to the arbor training, under which mode the\\nScuppernong attains its largest size, but simply trained\\nupon a wire trellis four feet high; the distance twenty\\nfeet in the row. What will an acre produce at this\\nrate, and what will it produce, if properly trained and\\nplanted in a rich soil\\nInstances of a single vine covering one acre of\\nground are numerous, and sixteen barrels of wine its\\nproduct in a single season. These are exceptions which\\nvine growers must not all expect to realize. But they\\nare merely given as evidence of its wonderful fertility.\\nIts culture is the simplest of all modes, and the outlay\\nrequired to establish an acre is insignificant as com-\\npared with the prices of the new varieties. Enough of\\nthe former to plant an acre can be procured for the\\nprice of a half dozen new comers.\\nThe next best wine graj^e is the Clinton, whose merits\\nare now sufficiently known to give it its rank among\\nthe great wine grapes of the countr}^ It is of\\nNorthern origin, hut improves as it is brought south-\\nward. It is very prolific, and makes a heavy bodied\\nclaret. Other varieties are coming into notice, and bid\\nfair to make valuable additions to this class of grapes:\\nsuch are the Ives Seedling, etc.,\\nOur good table grapes are becoming numerous.\\nFirst comes Delaware, which seems to thrive every-\\nwhere South. Isabel bids fair to even excel the\\nDelaware; its quality is superior to any of its class; so\\nfar it has not decayed, although, from the short time of\\nits introduction South, we cannot form a decided\\nopinion as to its ultimate behavior; still two years\\nfruiting, during which it bore perfectly sound crops,\\nand this during a period when many other varieties, of\\nlike recent introduction, decayed, is a fair beginning", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 127\\nand like!} to end well. Hartford Prolific is yet our\\nbest very early grape. As a profitable market fruit it\\nstands first in order. The biinebes and berries are\\nlarge, of fine appearance, fair quality, and stands\\ncarrying to market better than any other variety. It\\nis not so liable to drop its berries as in Northern\\nStates. Its earliness will always make it command a\\nhigh price. Miles is better in quality, fully, il not a\\nlittle earlier but not so fine in appearance.\\nConcord will long remain as one of our good grapes.\\nIts skin is rather too thin to stand cai-rying to distant\\nmarkets; but it is very prolific, of fine quality, and\\nwill doubtless make a good wine, although no experi-\\nments have as 3- et been tried upon a large scale.\\nOnta io or Union Village^ when well grown, rivals in\\nsize the Black Hamburg. It is a splendid looking grape,\\nof good quality, and has decayed less than many of the\\nheretofore considered reliable grapes. When the\\nWarren and Black July find a suitable soil and situation,\\nno grape can com])are with either in the peculiar\\ntexture of the fruit. The vinous flavor of these\\nvarieties belongs only to the type of summer graj^e\\n(Vitis ^stivalis) from which they originate, and they\\nare all Avell described by Downing, when he calls them\\nbags of wine. Other varieties have their merits; but\\nthey alone have given more satisfaction generally than\\nothers; and we must be satisfied with them, especially\\nif we expect to derive profit from grape-growing; and,\\nuntil better varieties are produced, we must take them,\\nas they combine variety enough to satisfy the most\\nfastidious taste.\\nThe best soil for a vineyard is a dry calcareous loam,\\none containing natural salts and a proportionate\\nquantity of vegetable matter. It is futile to expect a\\nheavy grape crop upon soil too poor to be used for the\\ncultivation of corn.\\nThe ditferent varieties of grapes will make difterent\\nwines. Nearly all the varieties belonging to the Fox\\ngrape Vitis Lahrusca will make a Hock. They ai*e\\nbetter suited to the production of white wines than red\\nones, when used by themselves. The Catawba, the\\nVenango, etc., give a rough wine when fermented upon\\nthe skins. The Concord, from its thinness of skin,\\ncontains less acrid matter, and will, therefore, make a", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "128\\nHilly Pine Region of\\npalatable red wine. The Lahnicas should have a\\nportion of jEstivaiis mixed with them, wlien a red\\nwine is desired. For instance, Catawba and Isabella,\\nwith a third: Clinton, Warren or Black July, will give\\na superior red wine. The ^l^stivalis class are more akin\\nto the French wine gi apes. The Clinton will give a\\ntine (ylaret; Ohio^ or Jacques, something more resem-\\nbling a Burgundy; Pauline, Warren and Black July\\nwill produce wines varying from a Sauterne to a\\nMadeira. Scuppernong will make delicious Muscatel.\\nEnough for all tastes; and it is to be hoped that as we\\nhave the elements of success in our hands, we shall no\\nlonger allow them to remain unproductive.\\nMamifactiiring Resources,\\nAs to the subject of manufacturing and mechani-\\ncal employment at the south, and within the limits\\ncovered by this sketch, we, of course, look first to\\nour natural resources for working power. Theoreti-\\ncally, and by the map, we take a range beginning\\nwith Richmond on the James river, thence to Wel-\\ndon on the Roanoke, thence to Columbia on the\\nCongaree river, thence to Augusta on the Savannah\\nriver, thence to Columbus on the Chattahoochee, and\\nthence to Montgomery, Alabama, as indicative of a\\nchange of level. From all these points upward, the\\nhydrographic indications are favorable to the devel-\\nopment of an immense water power, for, besides\\nthe streams mentioned, there are others tributary to\\nthem, wdiich would chequer this whole range with\\nhundreds upon hundreds of mill-sites, affording em-\\nployment to thousands of men, independent of the\\nimmense agricultural population required for their\\nsupport.\\nWithin this range, with the power nature has so\\nlavishly bestowed upon us we could, under proper\\nmanagement, undertake to do the whole cotton\\nmanufacture required for the world.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 1^9\\nUnder the old system of labor there was little or\\nno inducement to invest capital in manufactures or\\nin the promotion of the mechanical arts for, as a\\ngeneral rule, with a productive soil and docile labor,\\nthe production of cotton was not only sufficiently\\nremunerative, but a comparatively safe and easy\\napplication of capital. Thus, with the production\\nof the cotton field we purchased everything, and\\nmade nothing but cotton. Our ploughs and mules,\\nour horses and carriages, our bacon and corn to\\nsome extent, and in fact almost every thing required\\nfor our work, ease and comfort, came from the\\nNorth and Europe.\\nAbout the year 1845 this (juestion in political\\neconomy was gradually demanding solution: What\\nare ive to do loith our smylus ivhite population for we\\nhad made our contributions to Texas, California,\\nand other States, and still we had left a very large\\nnumber of non-producers, whose labor should he\\nmade available, not only for their own support, but\\nto the solid advantage of the State. Without sys-\\ntem, or concert of action, individual sporadic eftbrts\\nwere made in various parts of the south by some ot\\nour philanthropic, patriotic, and energetic citizens,\\nto meet the question by the establishment of cotton\\nfactories.\\nAt Augusta, Col. Henry H. Cumming, Andrew J.\\nMiller, and Mr. D*Antignac, took the lead, aided by\\nlion. J. P. King, John Bones, C. J. Jenkins, and\\nothers, and succeeded in inaugurating an enterprise\\ngiving employment to thousands, and fully demon-\\nstrating the fact that at the south cotton manufac-\\nturing w^ould attbrd the means of employment to\\nour surplus white population, and prove far more\\nremunerative to capitalists than cotton planting.\\n11", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "130 fiiLLY Pine Region op\\nIn our immediate neighborhood (Graniteville) the\\nlate Mr. Wm. Gregg demonstrated the same fact.\\nThe lapse of only one-fourth of a century would\\nhardly justify an attempt to give an historical sketch\\nof these enterprises, but, as usual with all such\\nattempts at the South, they had at first to contend\\nwith great difficulties mainly from the want of prac-\\ntical knowledge and experience but now that the\\nenterprise, industry, and capacity of our own people\\nhave acquired the necessary training, we are success-\\nful.\\nThe quarterly dividend of five per cent, on six\\nhundred thousand dollars made by the Augusta fac-\\ntory, and the favorable report of the Graniteville\\ncompany, show very conclusively what has been\\naccomplished in this line, and naturally leads to the\\nhope that our resources will at no distant day be\\nfully developed.\\nThe fact stated in the Graniteville report, that the\\nwaste on the raw material is about ten per cent.,\\nshows how in that item a great saving is made by\\nmanufacturing at the South. In a mill using 3,000\\nbales per year, at ten per cent, waste, there is of\\ncourse a loss of 300 bales and while it may be true\\nthat they are counted as an element of cost in any\\ngoods made at the North or South, it is evident the\\nfreight, commissions, etc., on them are saved to the\\nmanufacturer at the South. The same remark is\\napplicable to the cost of transportation of the raw\\nmaterial generally, as no one can suppose for a mo-\\nment that a bale of raw cotton can be sent to Lowell\\nor Manchester, and there made into cloth as cheap\\nper yard as it can be done at the South. There is\\nanother advantage, the raw material in transporta-", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Cai\\\\olina. 131\\ntion is liable to stealage, etc., from which the manu-\\nfactured goods are protected, and at the same price\\nper pound for freight, etc., the expense of transpor-\\ntation is of course ten per cent, less on the manu-\\nfactured than on the raw material. Takino the dif-\\nference of value into consideration, the difference is\\neven more than this in the expense of transporta\\ntion.\\nDescription of the Augusta Canal,\\nIn September, 1844, Col. Henry H. Cumming and\\nHon. John P. King, at iheir own expense, engaged\\nthe services of Mr. Wm. Phillips, C. E., to make a\\nreconnoisance of a Hne suggested by him for a canal\\nfor manufacturing purposes, and securing an abun-\\ndant supply of water to the city. The examination\\nwas made and a favorable report received from Mr.\\nPhillips, which was submitted to the friends of the\\nenterprise, on the 9th January, 1845. Another sur-\\nvey was made under the supervision of Mr. J. E.\\nThomson, C. E., F. C. Ames, and J. H. Grant, and\\nas their report confirmed that of Mr. Phillips, a\\npublic meeting of the citizens was called, and it\\nwas determined by them to proceed with the work.\\nAn engineer of some reputation, Mr. C. O. San-\\nford, was put in charge of it, and made the final\\nlocation.\\nThe fiscal operation was simple and effective. The\\nCity Council issued its bonds for the purpose of de-\\nfraying the expense, with the understanding that\\nthere should be a special tax on real estate sufficient\\nto meet the bonds at maturity. The estimated cost\\nwas 1104,000.00, of which the banks subscribed\\n$4,000, leaving $100,000 to be raised by special tax.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "132 Hilly Pine Region OP\\nIn April, 1845, the final location was made, and\\nthe larger portion of the work put under contract\\nit was commenced in May following.\\nThe whole fall of forty-five feet was divided as\\nfollows, into three levels The first level extending\\nfrom Bull sluice to near Marbury street, about 6|\\nmiles in length, with a bottom slope of about six\\ninches to a mile, reduced the fall to 41.36 feet, and\\nfrom the first to the second level exlending from\\nMeig s brickyard to Mcintosh street, the fall is 15\\nfeet, and the fall from the second to the third level,\\nwhich extends from the Savannah road to Hawk s\\ngully, is about 13 feet. The fall to the river is varia-\\nble, and may be taken at from 13 to 20 feet, accord-\\ning to the state of the river. It may be well to\\nmention that this last fall was deemed of little im-\\nportance in consequence of being subject to back\\nwater from the river.\\nAll these levels, near nine miles in length, were\\nmade with the same sectional area of water-vs-ay, the\\nl)ottom being twent feet wide, side slopes two to\\none, and water five feet deep. It was found, how-\\never, after some time, that the improvements made\\nin cotton machinery, b} which it could be run at a\\nmuch higher rate of speed than was supposed at the\\ncommencement of this work, would require more\\nwater, consequently the banks of the first level of\\nthe canal w^ere raised, also the dam in the river, and\\nextended so that in the first level w^e have about\\neight instead of the five feet in depth, as originally.\\nIn the other levels the depth is as first mentioned.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 133\\nTo iifford II definite idea of the result of this canal\\nenterprise, the following is taken from the published\\nreports of Mr. Phillips\\nAUGUSTA FACTORY.\\nReport of Avork, etc., for the year ending August 31,\\n1866:\\nCapital Stock 1600,000 00\\nOperatives 615\\nSpindles 14,340\\nLooms 463\\nCotton used 2,232,000 lbs.\\nWood 800 cords\\nOil 2,600 galls.\\nStarch 52,000 lbs.\\nProduction Sheeting 3,573,000 yards\\nShirting 2,434,000\\nDrills 403,000\\nAVater Power 3 Jouval Turbines, 85 horse-power each\\n3 60\\nEqual to 434 nominal horse-poAver.\\nGRANITE 3IILLS.\\n2 overshot Avater Avheels 60 horse power.\\n4 run of 4^ feet stones.\\n4 operatives.\\nCorn ground 8,000 bushels\\nWheat ground 8.000\\nOther products 2.000\\nAUGi:STA MILLS\u00e2\u0080\u0094 FoK.MEKLY Cakmicuael s.\\n2 cast iron turbines 60 horse power.\\n4 run of 4^ feet stones.\\n6 operatives.\\nCorn ground 40,000 bushels\\nWheat ground 8,000\\nOther products, bran, and feed as usual.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "134 Willy Pine R\\nEGION OF\\nDANFOKTH S MILLS.\\n1 cast-iron turbine 30 horse power.\\n1 rim of stones.\\n2 operatives.\\nCorn ground 13,000 bushels\\nWheat ground 2,400\\nOther products of bran and feed as usual.\\nBarrel Factory not in operation.\\nFALLS MILLS\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Nelson McIlwaine, Proprietors.\\n(Grist Mill and Tobacco Factory.)\\nOne 45 horse power cast iron water wheel.\\nCorn ground last year, 50,000 bushels.\\nThis is, also, the Pioneer Tobacco Factoiy of the\\nState of Georgia. The proprietors having successfully\\nintroduced that important branch of industry three\\nyears ago.\\nSTOVALKS EXCELSIOR MILLS.\\n4 water wheels, cast iron turbines 60 horse power.\\n4 run M feet stones. 2 millers. 5 laborers.\\nWheat ground 44,152 bushels\\nThree teams engaged in the business of the mill.\\nPARAGON MILLS.\\nMill burnt about the same capacity as the above.\\nGOVERNMENT BAKERY.\\n15 horse power now used as a machine shop by\\nPendleton Boardman.\\nAUGUSTA WATER WORKS.\\n1 Jouval turbine 45 horse power, working two\\ndouble acting plunger pumps.\\nWater supplied to the city for the year ending 31st\\nAugust, 1866 .58,163,023 gallons\\nMACHINE WORKS- Late Pistol Factory.\\n1 cast-iron water wheel 25 horse power. Abandoned.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 155\\nURQUHAKT\\\\S MII.LS.\\neasl-iroii Howell turl)iiio 15 lioi-sc ])ower.\\n1 wooden breast wheel 15 horse power.\\n2 operatives.\\nCorn ground 5,250 bushels\\nWheat ground 400\\nC. S. GOVERNMENT POWDER WORKS.\\nAbandoned.\\nC. S: GOVERNMENT MAC HINE AVORKS.\\nAbandoned. P. Malone using it as a foundry.\\nRECAPITULATION.\\n21 water wheels 775 horse power.\\n641 operatives.\\n15 run of stones.\\nProducts Sheeting 3,573,000 3-ards\\nShirting 2,434,000\\nDrills 403,000\\nTotal 6,410,000 yards\\nCorn ground 116,250 bushels\\nWheat ground. 59,952\\nIt may be instructive to pause here, and consider\\nthe history of our cotton manufacturing enterprise.\\nIt started with forty-seven stockholders, and a capi-\\ntal of $143,000.\\nMr. A. M. Chase was requested to furnish the\\nplans and specifications for a mill. He designed one\\nof 5,000 spindles, which the stockholders deemed\\ninadequate to the requirements, and very sensibly\\nobjected to it, insisting that the first mill should\\nliave a working power of 10,000 spindles.\\nMr. Phillips, civil engineer, was requested to make\\nthe plans, ^specifications, and estimates for a mill of\\n10,000 spindles, and under the supervision of Mr,", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "136 Willy Pine R\\nEGION OF\\nChase they were made out, and the mill No. 1 216\\nleet in length, and 54 feet wide, 5 stories high was\\nerected by Goodrich and Crump, under the superin-\\ntendence of Mr. Phillips. In this mill, when first\\nstarted, there were 5,280 spindles they worked off\\nbeautifully, and the first dividend declared was about\\n12J per cent. This of course induced the proprie-\\ntors not only to fill up their mill No. 1, but to erect\\nmill No. 2.\\nThese mills, as before mentioned, are 216 feet in\\nlength, and 54 feet in width, and 5 stories high.\\nMill No. 1 contains 8,960 spindles, and 314 looms.\\nMill No. 2 contains 5,769 spindles, and 188 looms.\\nThe product of both is 7,886,545 yards for last\\nyear. I would here state that under the direction of\\nits able President, Mr. W, E. Jackson, and Superin-\\ntendent F. Cogin, this factory received the encomium\\nof Senator Sprague, of Rhode Island, himself a large\\nmanufacturer, as being the best managed factory in\\nthe United States, and regret that want of space\\nprevents me from inserting the valuable semi-an-\\nnual reports of Mr. Jackson for the last half year.\\nIn this particular instance (the canal and mills at\\nAugusta) we see at a glance what may be done for\\nthe alleviation of the condition of our people in\\nthe distress caused by the very great change recently\\nmade in our system of labor.\\nLet us take a retrospect of the last twenty or\\nthirty years, and look at the head Avaters of Horse\\ncreek, then a barren waste of chalk clitt s (Kaolin)\\nand pine forest, and we at once see the advantages\\naccruing from manufacturing, which so many were\\nat that time opposed to.\\nWhen Mr. Gregg made his first reconnoisance of", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Cai^olina. 1*^7\\nthis region, then an old field, it wiis little anticipated\\nthat he would soon build upon it, in a few months,\\na thriving village, where the busy hum of the spin-\\ndle would be heard, and education shed its influence\\nupon the minds of the then ignorant inhabitants\\nsoon to be supported and employed by this enter-\\nprising man. See Graniteville as it now stands, a\\nmonument of his genius and enterprise, and tlie\\nthousands of persons benefited thereby.\\nIn a late report I find this statement\\nThe production of the mill, including cotton on hand\\nJanuary, 1867, and since purchased, expenditures and\\ncost of production, are as follows\\nXumber of bales in warehouse January 1st, 1867. 85\\nBouirht from Jan. 1, 1867, to March 1,*^1868 5701\\nTotal on hand and purchased 5786\\nThe average weight of a bale is 434 pounds, making\\na total of 2,511,124 pounds. The aggregate cost is\\n$614,718.95; being at the rate of nearly 24^ cents\\naverage er pound. The highest price paid was 33^\\ncents, and the lowest 12 cents.\\nThe quantity of cloth manufactured during the above\\nj^eriod stands thus\\nPOUNDS\\n4-4 shoetingg^ 1,102,282\\nI shirtings 583,265\\nDriUings. 337,292\\nf shirtings 227,067\\nPIECES\\n81,507\\nYAKDS.\\n3,182,290\\n52,273\\n2,038,254\\n17,908\\n685,908\\n26,645\\n1,075,249\\nTotal production. 2,249,906 178,333 6.981,701\\nThe average per week is 47,386 pounds, 3,805 pieces,\\n151,191 yards.\\nAssuming this average as a l^asis. the annual produc-\\ntion will hereatter be about 8,000,000 yards.\\nThe gross profit, exclusive of the sales of waste, is\\n$207,693.76.\\nKAOLIN :\\\\rANUFACTURINCT C03LPANY.\\nAbout six miles from the city of Augusta, in the\\nState of South Carolina, stands the Kaolin works,", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "1^38 Willy Pine Region of\\nerected in 1858, by an organized company, chartered\\nthe same year by the legishiture, with the privilege\\nof issuing stock to the amount of $200,000, of which\\nsum $100,000 has Ijeen issued in shares of $100 each.\\nThe w^orks were destroyed the last year of the war,\\nand it was found necessary to assess fifty per cent,\\non the stock issued to rebuild the same. There are\\nnow three large kihis for the burning of ware, and\\none for the burning of fire brick. Workshops large\\nenough to employ thirty or forty hands.\\nThe ware made is an article that will class between\\nthe C. C. and white granite. During the time the\\nworks were carried on they produced from four to\\nfive thousand dollars worth of ware per month, and\\nwould have produced more had they been employed\\nto their maximum capacity. All the ingredients to\\nmake ware equal to the best English, are to be found\\nin this district (Edgefield, S. C), if some one tho-\\nroughly acquainted with the process of mixing the\\ndifiercnt materials could be induced to make the\\nexperiment. There are large beds of pure feldspar\\nin this neighborhood, and the clays are equal to the\\nvery best found in England, according to the state-\\nments of persons acquainted w^ith the merit of both.\\nThe China clay or Kaolin has been analyzed by Dr.\\nA. A. ^N orges, State Assessor for Massachusetts, with\\nthe Ibl lowing result\\nAVater.. 12.10\\nSilica 41.46\\nAlumina. 39.82\\nLime and Magnesia 1.86\\nPer. ocid. Iron 602\\nTitenicaeid 943\\nThe supply of the ware manufactured at these\\nworks is not adequate to the demand. Laboring\\nunder a great many disadvantages, the company has", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 139\\nshipped from two to three thousand tons of 2240 lbs.\\neach, of the Kaolin clay, to the northern manufiic-\\nturing establishments, and so pure and white is the\\narticle as to induce some enterprising person, less\\nscrupulous than he should be, to send it back to us\\nadulterating wheaten flour.\\nThe profit made by the company upon the maim-\\nfactured material and shipments of cla} is fully\\nequal to seventy-flve per cent., demonstrating that a\\nbetter investment of capital could not be found than\\nthe establishment of such works throughout tliis\\nregion, and the enlargement of those already built.\\nThe supply of the raw material is inexhaustible,\\neasily reached, laying below the red clay in some\\nplaces only a few feet, the stratum being immenselj^\\nrich in some places. The facilities of obtaining fuel\\nare unequalled, and the only want is capital, enter-\\nprise, the right kind of labor, and the skill to\\ndirect it.\\nFor the above information I am indebted to Mr.\\nG. A, Schaub, Superintendent of the Kaolin works.\\nThe preceding data, selected from a number of\\nfacts in our possession, have been selected only to\\nshow how profitable manufactures can be made in\\nthe Sand Hill region of these States, the reason\\nwhereof will suggest itself at once to the practical\\nmind. It is no longer a matter of uncertainty, the\\nfact is continually demonstrated to us that capital\\ninvested in southern manufacture will produce re-\\nsults nowhere else obtained, and when we consider\\nthe number of mill sites extendino^ alons^ the whole\\nregion embraced in the Sand Hill section, with their\\nclose proximity to railroads and numerous naviga-\\nble streams, we may reasonably hope to see before", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "140 Hilly Pine Region of\\nmany years the whole region covered with such\\nman nfactu ring towns as Granitcville, affording a\\nhome to many now idle and ignorant people, when\\nthey may be brought under the benign influence of\\nrehgion and education, and so taught as io become\\nvakiable members of society, rather than the drones\\nmany of them now are.\\nThe following sketch of the great water power\\nexisting in Kichmond county alone, is taken from\\nthe Chronicle and Sentinel.\\nTHE MAGNIFICENT WATER POWER OF RICHMOND COUNTY\\nIDLE AND UNDEVELOPED.\\nFew, even, of our own citizeiiH, have any knowledge\\nof the magnificent water power that might he developed\\nby the streams which intersect and bound Eichmond\\ncounty\\nKich.mond county, so called from the Duke of Eich-\\nmond, a British nobleman, and friend of the rebels of\\n1776, is, in shape, nearly triangular, lying in the fork\\nmarked by Brier and McBean creeks and the Savannah\\nriver, and contains about 3^0 square miles, its longer\\nline being about twenty-five and the shorter fifteen\\nmiles. The Savannah river, on its eastern boundary,\\naftbrds the water power which gives the fall of twenty-\\neight feet in a distance of nine miles, and the volume\\nof a stream about five hundred 3 ards in width, within\\nthe corporation limits of the city of Augusta.\\nThe county is bounded and intersected by the Savan-\\nnah river, Brier creek, McBean creek, Little Spirit creek,\\nBig Spirit creek, Butler s creek. Cupboard creek, Eae s\\ncreek, and Eed s creek. AVe purpose to indicate such\\nprominent sites on the several streams in the county\\nwhich afi ord power enough to run a factory of not less\\nthan five thousand spindles, saying nothing about the\\nmagnificent power of the Savannah river, nor of infe-\\nrior water power.\\nBrier Creek This creek aff ords but a single first-\\nclass power, and this is at Mile Haven, in Scriven\\ncounty.\\nMcBean Creek, running on the southwestern edge of\\nthe county, makes the boundary between Eichmond", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South pAROLiNA. 141\\nand Burke counties. This is a large, bold stream,\\naifording a never failing supply of water. The Augusta\\nand Savannah Eailroad follows the course of this\\ncreek four or five miles, affording three fine sites, with\\nample water power for large factories immediately on\\nthe railroad. These three sites were formerly occupied,\\nbut the dams broken by freshets during the war, have\\nnever been rebuilt, and the water power is now idle.\\nAt each of these three sites, the power obtained by\\nrudely constructed dams has been put to use in pro-\\npelling the requisite machinery for large saw mills,\\ngrist mills, and flour mills but nothing like the power\\nwhich the streams would afford has been made availa-\\nble the proprietors being satisfied with what would\\nprove sufficient to meet the demands of the machinery\\nin use, and not looking to its fullest development. Fol-\\nlowing this stream u]) some seven miles there are three\\nexcellent sites, all of which have been used in former\\nda3 8, chiefly to meet the wants of neighboring planta-\\ntions in grinding corn, but the whole power has never\\nbeen made available. Seven miles from Palmer s we\\ncome to Byne s mill. This power has recently been\\npurchased by Augusta capitalists buying the planta-\\ntion adjoining and the mill site for $13,000 who design,\\nduring the coming year, erecting a good flour mill, and\\na cotton factoiy, for the purpose of making yarns. A\\nnorthern agent, who has been inspecting various sites,\\nfor the purpose of erecting a thread factory, pronounces\\nthis an admirable site. This is the last of the larger\\nmill sites on this stream. There are bi-anch creeks\\nabove this point, but the}- afford only small power.\\nThe next stream north of McBean is Little Spirit\\ncreek, a large stream, but so called in contra-distinction\\nto Big Spirit creek, which it joins near Blackwater\\nlake, not fiir from the Savannah river. There are four\\nadmirable sites, well known as Dove s mill, Pemberton s\\nmill, Lawson s mill, and Hancock s mill of these only\\nDove s and Hancock s are in use Dove s as a grist, and\\nHancock s for a saw mill and merchant mill.\\nThe next stream is Big Spirit creek, a large, bold\\nstream. The first site on this stream is the mill site of\\nR. A. Allen, near the Augusta and Savannah railroad.\\nNot far from this site is the point known as the last\\nstand, made before the capture of Augusta by the", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "142 fiiLLY jpiNE Region op\\nBritish, during the revohitionaiy war, and by the forti-\\nfications occupied during the late unpleasantness on\\nthat burning march of Sherman to the sea. This is an\\nadmirable site, commandino- a larp-e volume of water,\\nwith ample fall, and is free from back water from the\\nriver. This site is only used for a small grist mill and\\ncotton gin, supplied by a short canal, which conveys\\nthe requisite volume of water, but not diminishing the\\nvolume of the creek perceptibly.\\nThere are a great numl)er of mill sites on this creek\\nfor a distance of twenty-five miles up the stream. Next\\nabove Allen s is McGee s, affording a first-class water\\npower not used then follows ]\\\\[cl ade s, a magniticent\\nsite, but only put to the use of a little squatty four post\\nsaw mill and grist mill, which disguise nothing of its\\npretensions to the distant spectator. Next above is\\nBrandon s, and above Brandon s is the well known site\\nof the Eichniond factory. The able president of the\\nEichmond factory company, Adam Johnston, Esq., puts\\nhis water power to such good use that the stock of his\\ncompany is never seen in the market. Above the Rich-\\nmond lactory is the excellent sites of Cashin mills,\\nJeames McNair s and Palmer s, besides a number of\\nsites onl}^ furnishing power for small mills, which we\\nomit as not first-class power, suitable for factories.\\nButler s Creek Upon this creek are the admirable\\nsites of Clanton s, Eed s, Carmichael s, Duval s machine\\nw^orks, Belleville factory, McKeiver s, and Crawford s\\nmills. We are not aware that any of these sites are\\nput to use exce])t that occu])ied by the Duval s machine\\nworks company. The Belleville factory was burned\\nduring the war, and has never been rebuilt, and its\\nsplendid water power now lies idle.\\nRocky Creek Upon this creek is Phinizy s mill,\\nWhitne^^ s mill, near the Augusta and Savannah rail-\\nroad, where the first cotton gin was run by water\\nunder the first patent (and we believe the only one)\\nsold by Eli Whitney, the inventor. Next above is\\nBoisclair s, Ihomas and Lovell s, all capital sites.\\nWe omit the power of Cupboard, Eae s and Eed\\ncreeks, as not aftbrding, according to our estimate, first-\\nclass water power.\\nThese streams run through a healthy pine region,\\ncovered with virgin forests. The country is rolling", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "Geohgia and South Carolina. 145\\ntuul stilubrious. No area in the world can surpass it in\\nhealthfuhiess. The markets of Augusta, supplied by\\nthe several railroads in operation and ])rojected, giving\\na close connection with Wilmington, Charleston, Port\\nEoyal, and Savannah, secures ample supplies by cheap\\ntrans])ortation of manufactures, while its connection\\nwith the interior and the West insures supplies of food\\nat a low rate from the West.\\nStininiei vllle^ Michniond County Ga.^\\nIs situated two and a half miles due west of the city\\nof Augusta, ou the eastern slope and summit of\\nwhat is generally designated the Sand Hills, by\\nwliicli name the town was known before its incorpo-\\nration. These hills rise by a gradual slopt; from the\\nvalley of the Savannah river, which here is about\\ntwo and a half miles in width from east to west, and\\nin leui^th from north to south from eii^-ht to nine\\nmiles. The distance from tlie valley to the crest of\\nthe ridge is about 2,000 feet from thence the\\nplateau or summit of the ridge extends in a westerly\\ndirection about two and a half or three miles, with\\nan average width of one mile, more or less.\\nThis plateau is, properly speaking, the true sum-\\nmit of the hills in this State, being the liigliest point\\nattained by it, and upon its eastern terminus is situ-\\nated a portion of the village, including the United\\nStates arsenal and grounds.\\nThe gradual slope of this plateau to the south and\\neast; the sandy nature of the soil, with the pine and\\noak growth (black jack), make it extremely dry and\\nwell adapted for those pulmonary sulFerers who re-\\nquire a very dry climate and low dew point; while\\nthe sides of the ridge being nearer the valley are\\nbetter adapted to those for whom a semi-humid at-\\nmosphere is necessary. This uondiliou can be iu-", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "444 Willy JPine Region of\\ncreased or diminished by approaching to or recediiio;\\nfrom the valley, which fact makes the village of\\nSummerville more suitable as a residence for the\\npulmonary sufferer than any locality I am aware of,\\nsince it is well known that though the great propor-\\ntion of phthisical patients require a dry climate, yet\\nthere are occasionally those who are benefited by a\\ncomparatively humid atmosphere. This is particu-\\nlarly the case with asthmatic patients, who, in the\\ngreat majority of cases, are benefited by residing\\nhere. As this peculiarity of constitution can only\\nbe determined by actual experiment, we have, in the\\nclose proximity of these two hygrometrical condi-\\ntions, an easy and convenient means of determining\\nthe fact.\\nSummerville was original ty designed to be simply\\na summer resort by the wealthy citizens of Augusta?\\nwhen that city was less healthy than it now is, but its\\nair was found to be so healthful and bracing in win-\\nter, that they eventually made it their permanent\\nabode, and now the population may be estimated at\\neight hundred inhabitants, including servants.\\nIt is regularly laid out in broad streets, lined with\\nhandsome elms and other shade trees, the houses\\nbeing built in large enclosures, ornamented with\\nshrubbery and flowers. It is not uncommon to see\\nthe camellia japonica, in full bloom, in the months of\\nJanuary and February, while the different azaleas\\nare out in the early part of April.\\nThe salubrity of the climate is unquestioned. As\\nan evidence of its healthfulness, but fourteen deaths\\nhave occurred in the place since 1865, though two\\nepid miics one of small pox and one of measles\\nhave occurred in that time. As far as I have been", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "Georgia and South Carolina. 14^\\nable to a8certmn, six of the persons were over\\nthree score and ten, viz: one aged 102 years,\\none 94, one 84, one 75, 72 and 70 respectively. Two\\nfrom accident one intant from croup two from\\ncongestive fever, contracted elsewhere and neglected,\\none from pneumonia, contracted elsewhere and ne-\\nglected one congestion of the brain one ascites;\\none tuberculous phthsisis, developed elsewhere.\\nDuring the prevalence of that fatal e[)idemic, the\\nyellow fever of 1854, which infested our coast towns\\nand even penetrated to villages which before had\\nescaped its ravages, it finally made its appearance in\\nthe city of Augusta. Although an easterly wind\\nprevailed for sixty days, botbro and during the epi-\\ndemic, and consequently blowing directly to the hill\\nacross the city, there is no reason to suppose the at-\\nmosphere of Summerville was at all contaminated\\nwith the poison of this pernicious fever, since 110\\ncases occurred here other than those contracted in\\nthe city, or by close confinement with those cases\\nwhich were developed in tlie village.\\nThe residence of Col. John Milledge, which\\nstands upon the most prominent situation due west\\nof Augusta, and nearer to the city than any other\\nhouse in the village, was crowded with refugees from\\nSavannah and Augusta, who, including their ser-\\nvants, and the fanuly, numbered about sixty persons,\\nyet among tliese not a single case of sickness of any\\nkind occurred.\\nThe same exemption from causes of disease,\\nclaimed for other portions of this region, applies to\\nthis village, and though malarial fevers exist in the\\nvalley and close upon its borders to some extent, yet\\ntlie hill proper, upon which most of the village\\n12", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "146 j4lLLY J^INE Jl\\nEGION O^\\nstands, is entirely exempt from this influence, being\\nin every respect as healthful as Aiken, Columbia,\\nand Camden, in South Carolina, and Belair, Ber-\\nzelia, Bath, and other sand hill villages in this State.\\nTo the lovers of the picturesque, the views from\\nthe various prominent points of the village are\\nbeautiful in the extreme, and so distant is the hori-\\nzon as to require very little exercise of the imagina-\\ntion to fancy the wide expanse of the ocean spread\\nout before the eye, while the broad valley upon\\nwhich stands the city, bounded by undulating hills,\\ngive a charm and variety to the landscape seldom\\nfound even in mountain scenery.\\nFrom the plateau upon which Col. Mi Hedge s re-\\nsidence stands the view is more extensive than at\\nany other point, and therefore this spot has been\\nsuo^o-ested as one of the best sites for a lirst-class\\nhotel. An enterprise of this character would be\\nbeyond all question amply remunerative, since it is\\na matter of daily experience, that during the winter\\nand spring months there have been liundreds of un-\\nsuccessful applicants for accommodation at the few\\nhouses open to those fleeing from the rigors of a\\nnorthern climate, and desiring a temporary sojourn\\nin the more genial atmosphere of the south.\\nThis village, being connected with the beautiful\\nand growing city of Augusta, by a street railroad,\\nthe cars of which run at frequent and regular inter-\\nvals between the two places, the time occupied be-\\ning about thirt}^ minutes, affords the residents of\\nSummerville all the advantages of the city market,\\ntogether with the quiet and beauty of a suburban\\nresidence. A good turnpike also otters inducements\\nfor pleasant drives to those who keep their equipages.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "Georgia amd ^outh Carolina. 147\\nTo the pedestriiiii the fragrant pine woods in close\\nproximity to the village, not only aftbrd protection\\nfrom the winds, but also opportunities of agreeable\\nrecreation and healthful exeicise. These advantages\\nin connection with others which will readily suggest\\ntlicmselves, make this a most desirable residence for\\nthose who may wish to avail themselves of the rem-\\nedial influence of the climate, as presented for their\\nconsideration in the preceding pages.\\nThe easy access of this point by rail from the sea\\ncoast, the beautiful and bracing nature of the cli-\\nmate, would make a favorite summer resort for the\\npeople of this section, were a first-class hotel built\\nhere; while in winter there is no question of its\\nbeing a largely paying investment. And as the\\nbeneficial influence of the climate comes to be more\\nknown by the large class of northern people who\\nnow migrate every autumn and winter to Florida,\\nthey would naturally resort to this place, particularly\\nin the early spring months.\\nIn conseqeunce of failures in business, the loss of\\npro[)erty, and the necessity of changing locality,\\nthere are now several places put upon the market\\nfor sale at very moderate prices, but real estate is\\nhere rising in value every season, so that it may soon\\nbe expected to reach its oi-iginal antc-belluyn price.\\nThe present is, therefore, the best time for purchas-\\ning, and any one desiring to do so can obtain all ne-\\ncessary information from Messrs. L. II. A. McLaws,\\nLand Agents, Augusta, Ga.\\nFINIS.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "iiu\\ni Ji", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "Land and Mining Agents\\nFor the State of Georgia.\\nNo. 3 Old Post Office Block,\\nAUGUSTA, GA.,\\nWILL BUY AISTD SKLL\\nREAL ESTATE\\nP p\\nOMMISSION,\\nGen E. C. Anderson, Suvimn.ih; Hon. .John P. Kinp,-, John\\nBones, and Tlios. P. Stovall, Augusta; Gen. W. T. WolT()id, Car-\\ntersville, (7a.; Gen. Uobert Toombs, Washington, Ga.; JVIaj. R. J.\\nMoses, Cokiml)us, Ga.; Pratte, Edwards A: Go., Atlanta, Ga.;\\nHon. B. C. Harris, Sparta, Ga.; Hon. Jolm W. Stevenson, Gov-\\nernor of Kentucky; Hon. A. W. Newby, President Bank of Ky.;\\nCol. E. T. Taylor, C.^ashier Bank of Ky.; Hon. W. T. Barrett,\\nLouisville, Ky.; Gen. U. S. Grant, Gen. W. S. Hancock, (xcn. C\\nVV. Fry, U. S. A.; Gov. M. Bonham, Gen. J. B. Kershaw S. G.;\\nGen. I). H. Hill, Gen. U. Ransom, N. C.; Gol. St. George Rogers\\nOl. F Dancy, Fla.; Gov. B. T. Humphreys, Miss.; Gen. A. P.\\nStewart, Gen. \\\\V. Smith, Tenn.; Gen. J. 1). Imboden, Va.;\\nCol. C. D. Pennebacker, Washington, I). C.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "O A^TEB*\\nf\\nlANO S Music\\nJ^\\nOOMS\\nEstablished in Charleston 1833.\\n11 IN Augusta 1848.\\nWhere can be foniid PIANO FjORTES unsur-\\npassed for elegance of finish, great power, singing\\nqualities, sweetness and purity of tone, and of great\\ndurability.\\nEvery Instrument Warranted foh^ Years.\\nSole Agent for the factories of A. Weber, Haines\\nBros., andN oRVESON Son, N^ew York, and several\\nothers.\\nAlso, Agent for MASON HAMLIN S superior\\nCABINET ORGANS.\\nAlways on hand a large assortment of GUITARS,\\nVIOLINS, ACC ORB EONS, and all kinds of\\nMUSICAL MERCHANBISE.\\nA large collection of School and Miscellaneous\\nBOOKS, and every thing appertaining to a first-class\\nBook Store can be found at the establishment of\\nGeo. a. Dates,\\n240 Broad Street, Augusta, Ga.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "Old pRUG fJousE,\\nFluxxib Leitxier,\\n212 Broad St,, Augusta, Ga.\\np xj R ii;\\nDrugs, Paints, Oils,\\nPerfumery, Fancy Goods, Toilet ^rticles.\\nP\\nWa,rra.n.tecl Fresh\\nAf^DEN Seeds\\nJFish Hooks, Lhirs, Poles, and a (jentral assorlnient of\\nFishing Tackle.\\nAVIIOLESALE AGENTS FOR THE CELEBRATED\\nMILLVILLE ATMOSPHERIC FRUIT JARS.\\nj^LUMB 8/ LeITNER,\\nNew Granite Front, Broad Street, Augusta, Ga.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "PKINTED AT THE AUGUSTA PRESS BOOK AND JOB OPFTCE.", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "j^\\n^i^ f\\n^S^\\nC ^^^^^^^t^^c- ^t^ y^c-\\nWealth and Profit:\\nAs Found in Jhe\\n^axj\\nr;\\nWilly Pine j^\\nEGION\\nOF\\nm\\nGeorgia South Carolina\\ncr\\nTOGETHER WITH AN ACCOUNT OF ITS\\nHorticultural, Agricultural, and\\nJVIanufacturing Resources,\\ni\\ni\\nTOPOGI^APHY, pEOLOGY. jBOTANY, AND pLIMATOLOGY\\nOF THE I^EGION.\\nBy S. E. HABEKSHAM, M. D.\\nAuciUSTA. Ga.:\\nPRINTED AT THE AUGUSTA PRESS BOOK AND -lOP. OFFICE.\\n18 9.\\nv::^:^-\\n.F^miln", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "jfcx^j :z z::s y-m m\\n12\\n_j _jU\\ntp-o i\\n^\u00c2\u00a31\\nj :2\\n23d\\ni^5I2\\n:)i\\n^223l\\nj)\\niXJ\\n.-5\\n-DL^i\\n:3);\\nj :5s\\n3^\\n2i3L:i\\nJ3:3\\n;sM\\nj 3\\no^\\n212^3\\nLyE\\n_:\u00c2\u00bb.\\niSI\\n3lx\\n^E\\n31^\\niC\\n0^\\nG^\\n1^3\\n^j\\nIf\\n\u00c2\u00bb3 si:m^\\n.^x*-^-\\n.\u00e2\u0096\u00a0^p\\nP\\nan^j^ij^\\nm\\ni y yjmm :i)\\nM^^^\\nlies:\\nOPO L 5", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "J W ^l^\\nE }Dft^\\nC V3a J yX\\n:i;*^fc\u00c2\u00bb^~", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS\\n014 418 738 6", "height": "3516", "width": "2010", "jp2-path": "healthprofitasfo00habe_0170.jp2"}}