{"1": {"fulltext": "i.\\nA\\nf-\\nF\\n294\\n%y\\\\\\n5%\\nF\\nLIBRARY OF CONGRESS.\\nChap.\\nShelf\\nPRESENTED BY\\nCx^^La:\\nUNITED STATES OF AMEEIOA.\\n4\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2-i", "height": "3426", "width": "2293", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "^^w^", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "HAND BOOK\\nOF THE\\nCity of Atlanta\\nA Comprehensive Review of the City s Commercial, Industrial\\nand Residential Conditions.\\nAn Honest Tale Speeds Best Being Plainly Told\\nRichard hi.\\nISSUED JOINTLY BY THE\\nATLANTA CITY COUNCIL\\nAND THE\\nATLANTA CHAHBER OF COMMERCE.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "I0(i05\\nCOMPILED AND PUHUSHEU\\nRY\\nTHE SOUTHERN INDUSTRIAL PUBLISHING CO\\nATLANTA, GA.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "PF EFA\u00c2\u00a9E.\\n^^\u00e2\u0080\u00a2^HIS little volurqe was prepared to supply a deTqand\\nfor ir\\\\forTT|ation about Atlar\\\\ta, ar^d in th|e collectiort\\nof tb^is i-qforrqation rio pair^s h|ave been spared to mal^e\\nit accurate. The figures giveq represent actual corj-\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0ditions aqd T\\\\oi estirqates. Atlanta can afford to tell\\nthe urivar-qished truth and a faithful effort has been\\nmade to do that in the followirig pages.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "a-\\nS\\nu.\\nUl u\\nI X\\nUl\\nI a\\nr t-i", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "Atlanta:\\nTI)e 3tor^ of its Upbuilding.\\n\\\\HE Atlanta of to-day is a growth\\nof thirty- two years. Twice has\\nthe upbuilding of a city on this site\\ndemonstrated its natural advantages.\\nWithin a few years before the war At-\\nlanta had beconae a bustling town of\\n11,000 inhabitants, and during the three\\nyears which intervened before its de-\\nstruction the place was the seat of varied\\nand important industries, whose princi-\\npal object was to sustain the military\\noperations of the Confederacy. It was\\nalso a depot for the distribution of sup-\\nplies to the surrounding country and a forwarding station for the com-\\nmissary department of the army.\\nAfter its baptism of fire in November, 1864, when the inhabitants had\\nbeen dispersed by the exigencies of war, and of more than 1,000 houses\\nonly 300 remained, the city took a new start, and its great growth dates\\nfrom that time. It is, therefore, a city of the new regime, erected on the\\nruins of the old.\\nThe coat of arms of Atlanta fittingly typifies this remarkable history.\\nNo city on the continent has survived such destruction. No city has twice\\nattained prominence with such rapidity. Atlanta s foundation reaches\\nback to the forties, and far-seeing men recognized it then as a place of\\npromise, destined to be an important railroad center and a seat of commerce.\\nThis conception of the new city had been accepted as a true one when it\\nwas destroyed by fire, and since its new birth in reconstruction days the\\nold spirit arose and lighted the new path of Atlanta to a greater destiny.\\nThe capitol of the State was brought here from Milledgeville when the\\nnew city was hardly out of the ashes of war, and this gave a great impetus\\nto its growth, which was further insured in 1877, when the people of Georgia\\nvoted to make Atlanta their capital. Its rapidly developing business and\\nmanufactures were brought to the attention of the whole country by the\\n\u00e2\u0082\u00acotton Exposition of 1881, which was a point of departure for the tre-\\nmendous development of the Southeastern States during the decade be-\\ntween 1880 and 1890. This development found a splendid illustration in\\nthe great Cotton States and International Exposition of 1895.\\nThe rapidity of the growth of Atlanta is illustrated by the fact that,\\nsince it was blotted from the map, the city has spread over twelve square", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "Atlanta: The Story of its Upbuilding.\\nmiles of ground. Starting with no business in 1865, it received in 1897\\none-third of the freight delivered in Georgia, and its postofiice receipts\\nwere one-third of those of the State. Thirty-two years ago there was\\nhardly a dollar to turn a trade within the year just closed the bank clear-\\nings aggregated $72,000,000, and the total commerce of the city, exclusive\\nof insurance, real estate and miscellaneous transactions, amounted to $56,-\\n000,000. At the beginning of this period there were only a few stragglers\\nremaining in the wake of fire and sword. To-day there is a great city of\\n100,000 people, the business headquarters of 120,000, with a floating popu-\\nlation of many thousands more. From bare ground, covered with ashes\\nand ruins in 1865, the real property of the city has been built up to a value\\nof $60,500,000, consisting largely of solid masses of brick and mortar, stone-\\nand steel, which go to make up a magnificent array of handsome business\\nedifices.\\nThe question, wherefore Atlanta? naturally arises, for communities are\\nnot effects without causes. Atlanta is the result of a combination of ad-\\nvantages, on a commanding geographical location, turned to the best ac-\\ncount by a spirit of transcendent energy, which surmounts all obstacles\\nand builds even on disaster the fabric of success. The growth of this un-\\nconquerable spirit has been promoted by a unity of purpose which has-\\nprevented the domination of factions. Whatever local interests may clash,\\nthe good of Atlanta is always a rallying cry. The Atlanta spirit, which\\nhas accomplished so much in the upbuilding of the city itself, is happily\\ncontagious, and has much to do with making Georgia the Empire State of\\nthe South. The spirit of new life has spread from this to other Southern\\nStates which are the most active in the development of their resources, and\\nthe spirit of the Southeast is the spirit of Atlanta.\\nFor this moral and material eminence Atlanta is fortunately situated on\\na ridge which divides the water-shed of the Atlantic from that of the gulf,\\nand at a point where the natural barrier of the Apalachian chain is broken\\nby great gaps in the mountains. This is the natural point of intersection\\nfor railway lines from the West with lines from the East.\\nThis geographical vantage ground is accompanied by a topographical\\neminence, from which the great climatic advantages of Atlanta are de-\\nrived. More than 1,000 feet above sea level at its lowest point, and from\\neleven to twelve hundred at other places, Atlanta enjoys a cool, bracing\\natmosphere, with breezes that blow over the foot-hills of the Blue Ridge.\\nThe exhilarating air is a kind of natural tonic, so different from that of\\nthe coast and gulf regions that an inhabitant of the low countries, coming\\nto Atlanta during the heated term, feels a stimulus as if he had been drink-\\ning great draughts of atrial champagne. The rolling surface of the country,\\nwhich slopes in almost every direction from the city, affords easy drainage\\nand keeps the surrounding region free from malaria.\\nAtlanta s public buildings typify the solid character of her institutions.\\nMost conspicuous among them is the State capitol, which was erected at a-", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "Atlanta: The Story of its Upbuilding.\\nPEACHTREE ST. VIEW FROM ELLIS ST.\\ncost of $1,000,000. This stately structure, the custom house, the county-\\ncourt house, and other public edifices, make up an aggregate of seven to\\neight millions invested in public buildings.\\nOutside of public buildings, the architecture of Atlanta is of a pleasing\\ncharacter, and has steadily improved during the past thirty years. Few\\ncities in any part of the United States can show more attractive residence\\nstreets or architectural designs indicating more culture and good taste.\\nPeachtree street, the principal one for residences, has a number of elegant\\nhomes which would be ornaments to any city.\\nAtlanta is a city of homes, and this is apparent not only in the appear-\\nance of the houses, but in the statistics of the United States census, by\\nWASHINGTON ST. VIEW FROM WOODWARD AVE.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "8 Atlanta The Story of its Upbuilding.\\nwhich Atlanta is accredited with a larger percentage of home owners than\\nany city of its size in the Southern States.\\nArchitecture has had notable development in the business edifices of At-\\nlanta during the past eight years, and buildings which were notable in 1890\\nare insignificant in comparison with the great office structures which have\\nbeen erected since then. No city in the United States can surpass the group\\nof office buildings erected in Atlanta during the past decade. This fully\\nappears from the illustrations, which show the exteriors of man} such edi-\\nfices, and the interiors are in keeping with the imposing character of the\\narchitectural designs.\\nAs will more fully appear in the chapter devoted to municipal affairs,\\nthe street improvements and public works are of a substantial character.\\nThe business streets are paved with granite blocks, and much of the resi-\\ndence portion of the city is similarly improved, while other streets are\\npaved with asphalt and vitrified brick. Extending from the city limits\\nthere are graded roads macadamized with granite or chert, which give an\\nideal drive extending for some distance north and south of Atlanta, afford-\\ning a smooth and solid roadway for twenty miles.\\nThe water supply for domestic and manufacturing purposes and for sani-\\ntary use is hardly equalled in any city of Atlanta s size, and the rates per\\nthousand gallons for families or for manufacturing purposes are merely\\nnominal, and probably lower than any on record.\\nConditions in Atlanta are highly favorable to manufacturing industries,\\nand this is attested by the great variety of articles made here. More than\\n150 establishments are in successful operation, employing about 8,000 oper-\\natives at good wages, and pouring into the channels of trade an annual\\npay-roll of 82,500,000. The value of the raw material consumed is more\\nthan $6,000,000, and the product between fourteen and fifteen millions.\\nThe factories of Atlanta take the cotton crop of four average Georgia coun-\\nties.\\nThe manufactures of Atlanta in their variety have a guaranty of stability\\nnot to be found in those of any city where industry is confined to one\\nfamily, as of iron or cotton, however important that may he, and the ex-\\ntent of this variety is to some degree indicated in the chapter on this sub-\\nject. Among the articles made here are many specialties, for which there\\nis a demand in almost every State in the Union, and concerns making\\nthem have enjoyed prosperity through a long series of years.\\nThe trade of Atlanta covers more or less all of the States between the\\nOhio and Potomac rivers, the gulf, the Atlantic ocean and the Mississippi\\nriver, and in some lines extends to the far Southwestern States and into\\nMexico, while in a few it covers the entire country. The tendency of the\\njobbing trade of the Southeast is to concentrate in Atlanta, and little by\\nlittle the business of other centers gravitates to this city.\\nAtlanta s commanding geographical and topographical situation was, at\\nthe outset, one of the causes which led to the development of a great rail-", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "Atlanta The Story of its Upbuilding.\\nPEACHTREE ST. VIEW FROM FIFTH ST.\\nroad center, at which powerful systems from the East, the West and the\\nSouthwest regularly compete. As a distrihuting point Atlanta enjoys fa-\\ncilities hardly equalled elsewhere in the Southeastern States, and as an\\naccessible place of rendezvous for all kinds of organizations and interests,\\nit is a favorite, and has come to be known as the Convention City. The\\nterminal facilities of the railroads centering in Atlanta are very extensive,\\nand will shortly be greatly enlarged by the completion of a belt railroad,\\nwhich is under construction and already partly completed. By this means\\nthe transfer of through freight will be made without interference with local\\nbusiness, whose immense proportions will be realized from the simple state-\\nment that of 248,000 cars unloaded on side-tracks in this State and half\\nof Florida in 1897, 75,000 were unloaded in Atlanta.\\nAtlanta s financial institutions are of the most solid character, and among\\nCAPITOL AVENUE VIEW FKOM WOODWARD AVENUE.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "lo Atlanta The Story of its Upbuilding.\\nher banks are several whose phenomenal success is indicated by the very-\\nlarge surplus they have accumulated and the handsome dividends they\\nregularly declare. Atlanta is the financial center of Georgia, and much\\nbusiness from the surrounding country is cleared through the banks of the\\ncity. The clearings represent a larger business, in proportion, than those\\nof cities whose exchanges are swollen by cotton receipts, the margin upon\\nwhich is very small. Atlanta s exchanges, on the contrary, represent a\\nbroad variety of business, on which a fair, conservative business profit is\\nmade, and therefore represent a far greater degree of activity and prosper-\\nity than clearings composed largely of cotton business. This city is stead-\\nily developing the type of financial institutions known as trust companies,\\nand some of these have under way important operations involving millions\\nof dollars.\\nAtlanta is the third city in the United States in the amount of insur-\\nance written and reported to agencies. It is the Southern headquarters for\\na number of fire and life insurance companies, and agencies of old line and\\nevery other type of insurance are numerous. The financial and social\\nstanding of the insurance men of Atlanta is high, and they wield a great\\ninfluence in the Southern field. Besides the outside companies repre-\\nsented, there are several strong local concerns which have developed within\\nthe past twenty years and are doing a very large and prosperous business.\\nThe educational facilities of Atlanta are fully treated in a separate chap-\\nter, in which it appears that this city is abreast of the times in this as in\\nother respects. Atlanta early established a system of public schools, and\\nbefore almost any city in the South, turned its attention to technical edu-\\ncation. The Technological School was established by the State of Georgia\\nupon inducements offered by the city of Atlanta, which bore half of\\nthe cost of the original plant, and contributes regularly to the support of\\nthe institution. There is ample opportunity here for technical instruction\\nof other kinds, and Atlanta has three medical colleges, whose attendance\\naverages 600, to say nothing of the students of the dental colleges. Techni-\\ncal instruction in business methods is not neglected, and two large and\\nflourishing business colleges have maintained themselves here for many\\nyears.\\nWith the system of public instruction in elementary and higher branches\\nand in the technique of various pursuits, Atlanta has facilities for a broader\\nand more liberal culture in the libraries and lecture courses open to the\\npublic.\\nThe religious and social atmosphere of Atlanta is wholesome and invig-\\norating. It is a city of churches and the home of church-going people,\\nand the community is honeycombed with fraternal organizations.\\nThe social intercourse of the people, as well as the facility for doing\\nbusiness, is greatly aided by an ideal system of rapid transit, not only from\\nthe residence and suburban sections to the center, but from one residence", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "Atlanta The Story of its Upbuilding.\\nII\\nPEACHTREE ST. VIEW FROM PINE ST.\\nportion to another. The neighborly spirit is enhanced by the nearness\\nthus artificially created.\\nWith all these advantages, and many which appear more fully in subse-\\nquent chapters, Atlanta has a wholesome and inspiring public spirit which\\nnever fails to respond when the interests of the city are at stake. This is\\nperhaps the most distinctive thing about Atlanta, much as there is to say\\nof her various advantages and magnificent institutions. These, after all,\\nare the creation of the people of Atlanta, and the result of that same spirit\\nworking out its marvels in physical form. This is the spirit which has\\nmade Atlanta a household word in every city, town and hamlet in the\\nUnited States, and has carried her fame to almost every community in the\\nold world.\\nSOUTH PRYOR ST. VIEW FROM RICHARDSON ST.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "12\\nAtlanta: The Stokv of its Upbuilding.\\nWith this admirable e iprit de corps there is a broad and catholic spirit\\nborn of the cosmopolitan character of the people. The population is\\nprincipally composed of the best elements of the Southern States, with an\\nadmixture of enterprising and progressive people from the North and West,\\nall striving with generous rivalry for the upbuilding of the city. All\\ncreeds and cults and political faiths are represented, and for each there is\\nnot only toleration but welcome and sympathy, according to his individual\\ndeserts. The people of Atlanta are hospitable, broad, liberal, big-hearted,\\nwhole-hearted, fair and free.\\nTHE GRADY MONUMENT.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "Atlanta of To-da^.\\nPopQiation, Area and (lovernment.\\nTHE census of\\n1880 gave At-\\nlanta a population\\nof39,000, andby the\\ncity assessment of\\nthe next year the\\nreal estate was val-\\nued at $14,721,883\\nand the personal\\nproperty at $7,474,-\\n258. By 1890 the\\npopulation had\\ngrown to 65 ,000 and\\nreal estate was val-\\nued at $39,729,894.\\nIn the same period\\npersonal property\\ngrew to $11,906,605.\\nThe decade between\\n1880 and 1890 was\\nthe one during\\nwhich Atlanta made\\nthe most remarkable\\nadvance, but during\\nthe great depres-\\nsion through which\\nthe whole country\\nhas passed since 1890\\nthe progress of this\\ncity has been re-\\nmarkable. In spite\\nof a somewhat lower\\nscale of valuation for suburban real estate, the assessor s report for 1897\\nshowed realty valued at $43,476,868, and personalty $11,092,444. This\\nA NORTH PRYOR STREET BLOCK.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "14\\nAtlanta of To-Day,\\nvalue was created in thirty-two years, for Atlanta came out of the civil\\nwar naked and desolate.\\nBy a census taken in December, 1896, the population of Atlanta, by\\nwards, was found to be as follows\\nFirst Ward 14,847\\nSecond Ward 13 756\\nThird Ward 11,015\\nFourth Ward 14,997\\nFifth Ward 1.1,661\\nSixth Ward 14,245\\nSeventh Ward 2,729\\nTotal\\n83,260\\nThis census was taken\\nhastily and it is esti-\\nmated by experts that\\nit was short nearly 2,000,\\nand the population was\\nreally 85,000. The three\\npercent, increase in the\\nnumber of names, shown\\nby city directory for\\n1898, applied to these\\nfigures, would give for\\nthe present a population\\nof 87,250 within the city\\nlimits. This does not\\nrepresent entirely the\\npopulation of Atlanta,\\nfor there are numerous\\nsuburban settlements\\noccupied by people\\nwhose daily business is\\nin Atlanta. The direc-\\ntor}^ names indicate that\\nthe population of the\\ncit3% including these sub-\\nurbs, is 121,000. The population in January, 1895, was in the same man-\\nner estimated at 108,000; in 1896, 114,000,\\\\and in 1897, 117,000. The\\ngrowth indicated by these figures is likewise reflected by the bank clear-\\nings and the statistics of tonnage whicli appear in appropriate chapters.\\nArea and Expansion.\\nAtlanta is a city of magnificent distances, covering about twelve square\\nmiles. With abundance of room and fresh air, the circular form of the\\nCOUNTY COURT HOUSK.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "Atlanta of To-Day.\\n15\\n-city makes it compact, and the residence portions are, as a rule, equidistant\\nfrom the business center. The corporate line is described by a radius\\nof a mile and three-quarters. In two places this circle is expanded to take\\nin suburban communities which had been formed with irregular bound-\\n.aries before the circular corporation line reached them. These are Inman\\nPark and West End, which extend from half a mile to a mile beyond the\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0circle which elsewhere forms the corporate limits.\\nAtlanta is situated on rolling ground, which gives every facility for\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0drainage and contributes materially to the effectiveness of the elaborate\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2system of sewers which has been laid out on the plans of an eminent sani-\\ntary engineer, Rudolph Hering, of New York. This rolling country extends\\nin every direction, and suburban communities are rapidly extending. The\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0electric lines reach out for six or eight miles on all sides of the city, and\\nafford quick and cheap access for the outlying towns. As a result of this\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2elaborate system of rapid transit, there has been a remarkable expansion\\nof the city within the past ten years, and the pressure on the center has\\nbeen greatly relieved. It is estimated that the suburban trains and street-\\n\u00c2\u00abcar systems of Atlanta bring in and carry out 30,000 people a day.\\nSTATE CAPITOL.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "i6\\nAtlanta of To-Day\\nCit\\\\; (lovernment.\\nThe city govern-\\nment of Atlanta is\\nadministered by a\\nMayor and General\\nCouncil. The leg-\\nislative body is\\ncomposed of thir-\\nteen councilmen\\nfrom the different\\nwards,, elected by\\nthe whole city, and\\nsix aldermen who\\nare elected in a like\\nmanner. The\\na 1 d e r m en and\\nDIXON GARBAGE CREMATORY.\\nPOLICE HEADQUARTERS.\\ncouncilmen vote\\nseparately on mat-\\nters involving the\\nexpenditure of\\nmoney, and the\\nconcurrence of\\nboth bodies is nec-\\nessary to an ap-\\npropriation. The\\nmayor has the\\nusual veto power.\\nThe city depart-\\nments are managed\\nby commissioners-\\nor boards elected\\nby the city coun-\\ncil, and thus every\\nleature of public\\nbusiness is con-\\ntroll ed by the\\nchosen representa-\\ntives of the tax-\\npayers. These de-\\npartments work in\\nharmony and for\\nthe public good.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "Atlanta of To-Dav\\n17\\nFinance.\\nThe tax rate is one and a quarter per cent, and the rate of tax assessment\\nis about sixty per cent, of the actual value of property. Under the State law\\nrailroads pay tax like other property owners.\\nThe bonded debt of Atlanta is as follows\\nWaterworks bonds, old works, $427,000\\nnew works, 746,000\\nRailroad subsidy bonds, Georgia Western 300,000\\nA. C. Air Line 300,000\\nFloating debt bonds 100,000\\nRedemption bonds 974,000\\nCapitol bonds 55,500\\nWest End bonds 50,000\\n$2,952,500\\nThere is no floating debt. The city carries over a cash balance at\\nthe end of each year.\\nUnder the Constitu-\\ntion of Georgia the\\nbonded debt of munic\\nipalities is limited to\\nseven per cent, of the\\nassessed valuation of\\ntaxable property, real\\nand personal, and no\\nnew bonds can be\\nissued without provid-\\ning a sinking fund. As\\nthis property in Atlanta\\namounts to $54,569,312\\nand there is railroad\\nproperty in addition\\namounting to $1,500,-\\n000, within the city\\nlimits, the public debt\\nof Atlanta is about a\\nmillion dollars less than\\nthe amount authorized\\nby the organic law of\\nthe State.\\nThe charter of At-\\nlanta provides for a\\nperpetual sinking fund\\nof $175,000, which is\\nMARKHAM HOUSE BLOCK.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "i8\\nAtlanta of To-Day,\\ncarried over from year to year as a treasury balance. It gives the city a-\\nfund with which to meet unusual drafts upon its treasury in the early part\\nof the year, and avoids the necessity of borrowing money to anticipate-\\nthe revenues.\\nThere is a water bond sinking fund of $6,000 set aside from the revenues\\nof each year, and this has accumulated $36,000 towards the extinguishment\\nor$182,000 of waterworks bonds due in 1922. For the extinguishment of\\n$50,000of redemption bonds due in 1924, the sum of $1,667 is set aside-\\nfrom each year s revenue, and this fund amounts to $6,678.\\nIn addition it is proposed to begin this year a sinking fund for the re-\\nmainder of the bonds issued to build the new waterworks. Of these bonds\\nto the amount of $64,000 mature in 1902 and $500,000 in 1922. For thes\\nan annual sinking fund of $37,000 will be required and has been provided for.\\nAtlanta pays one-tenth of the property tax of the State of Georgia, con-\\ntributing over $250,000 to the revenue of the State from the ad valorem tax,,\\nto say nothing of specific taxes, which ver} largely increase that sum. The^\\ntax returns do not include public property amounting to $7,500,000. That\\nowned by the city of Atlanta amounts to $5,636,500, the State capitol cost\\n$1,000,000, and other property owned by the Federal Government and the-\\ncounty of Fulton is easily worth $500,000.\\nIn addition to this is the property of 112 churches and several untax-\\nable libraries, schools and charity organizations, which swell the list of ex-\\nempted property to something like $9,000,000.\\nThe revenues and expenditures of Atlanta for 1897 are given below\\nREVENUE.\\nThe ordinary revenue of Atlanta for 1897 was\\n$1,184,227 29, derived from the following sources:\\nGeneral tax 74-1,014 92\\nBusiness licenses 82,875 56\\nDray and hack licenses 5,657 05\\nWholesale liquor licenses 800 00\\nRetail liquor licenses 80,968 29\\nInsurance commitsion returns 8,593 87\\nWater rents 92,484 82\\nRecorder s court 10,476 70\\nState school fund 32,856 91\\nMarslial s sales 18,504 80\\nMiscellaneous receipts 34,374 52\\nTotal 1,118,201 94\\nFOB STREET IMPROVEMENTS.\\nAsphalt, granite block and rubble\\nassessments 13,149 86\\nSidewalk and curbing assessment-.. 10,614 42\\nSewer assetsments 37,839 63\\nSewer connection charges 1479 35\\nRemoving and replacing pavements 3,942 09\\n66,025 35\\nS 1,118,201 94\\nTotal ordinary revenue 1,184,227 29\\nBrotighl over from previous year\\non account of sinking funds,\\npayment on purt^hase of conn- 290.808 58\\nty courtliouse and unlini.shed\\nwork and outstanding warrants J\\nTotal receipts, 1897 9 1,475,035 87\\nEXPENDITURES.\\nMayor s office 3,607 6T\\nCity council 9,000 00\\nCity hall 7,867 64\\nPolice department 135,287 SS-\\nTax collection expenses 33,040 5(\\nFire department 105,944 88\\nCemeteries 11,941 3S\\nSewers 43 401 96-\\nStreets 80,418 3S\\nEngineering 6,967 4\u00c2\u00bb-\\nPublic works 3,000 00\\nWater works-\\nOperation 74,845 66\\nNew mains 35,000 00\\nStreet lights 64,347 70\\nLaw department 19 097 93-\\nParks 8,868 38\\nRelief (including Grady Hospital).. 46,460 43\\nPuljlic schools 141,999 11\\nCitv comptroller s office 5,453 o5-\\nBridges 10,790 00\\nSanitary department 115,676 74\\nContingent expenses 7,840 4*\\nTotal ordinary expenditures... 970.8,57 OS-\\nInterest on bonds, 173,142 50\\nOther items, finance 72,135 00\\nTotal disbursements 1,216,134 bi\\nCarried over to 1898 258,901 29\\n1,475,035 87", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "Atlanta of To-Day.\\n19\\nThe Police Department.\\nAtlanta has [a remarkably efficient Police Department. The men are\\nselected with a view to physical fitness, as well as intelligence and moral\\nworth, and are regularly drilled by an officer of the State military\\norganization. The detective service is well manned and efficient.\\nThe Police Department is controlled by a Board of Police Commis-\\nsioners, consisting of six members, who are elected by the Mayor and\\nGeneral Council, with the Mayor as an ex officio member, making seven in\\nall. The force is disciplined by rules and regulations adopted by the\\nBoard and approved by the General Council.\\nThe police force is divided into three reliefs of eight hours each, as\\nfollows:\\nFirst or Morning Watch One captain, two patrol sergeants, forty patrol-\\nmen.\\nSecond or Day Watch: One captain, one patrol sergeant, eighteen patrol-\\nmen, one mounted sergeant, twelve mounted men.\\nThird or Evening Watch One captain, two patrol sergeants, forty-four\\npatrolmen, six bicycle men.\\nThe following officers\\nare required to do duty\\ntwelve hours:\\nOne captain of detect-\\nives, one detective ser-\\ngeant, seven detectives,\\ntwo desk sergeants, six\\nwagon men, two call\\nmen on horses, one call\\nman on bicycle, two\\nturn keys, two Oakland\\ncemetery guards, one\\nofficer Grant park, one\\nofficer Piedmont park,\\none court bailiff, one\\ncustodian.\\nThe central station\\nwas completed in March,\\n1893, since which time\\nit has been occupied,\\nand has every modern\\nprison convenience.\\nThere are forty-three\\ncells, which accommo-\\ndate about one hundred\\nand fi f t v prisoners.\\nJ ^JL fDxjixK,i.uD. TEMPLE COURT.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "20\\nAtlanta of To-Day.\\nT h e a r m o r y is\\nequipped with one\\nhundred and twen-\\nty-five 44-cal i br e\\nWinchester rifles,\\nand with these al-\\nmost any riot that\\nmay occur can be\\nsoon quelled. There\\nare t w e n t y-f our\\nhorses and six pa-\\ntrol wagons, four\\nsingle and two\\ndouble.\\nThe police signal\\nsystem was c o m-\\npleted in the early\\npart of 1891, and\\nhas given general\\nsatisfaction. It en-\\nables the officers on\\ntheir beats to get\\nthe patrol wagon\\nmuch more quickly\\nthan by private tel-\\nephone, which al-\\nlows them to give more attention to their beats. The patrolmen are\\nrequired to report through signal boxes to the central station once each hour,\\nso that any information deemed necessary for the welfare of their beats or\\nthe city at large may be communicated to and from them. This system\\nhas added much to the efficiency of the department.\\nThe amount appropriated to the Police Department for the year 1896 was\\n$140,730.00. Expenses incurred for the year, $140,088.36. The amount of\\nfines imposed by the Recorder during 1897 was $53,786.38. There was col-\\nlected, $15,876.18; worked out on streets, $34,71-5.70.\\nGRAND OPERA HOUSE.\\nThe Fire Department.\\nThe Atlanta Fire Department, in equipment, is hardly surpassed by that\\nof any city of the same size, and in efficiency has no superior. The\\nfire record for 1897, with 401 fires, showed a loss of $95,212, only a little\\nover three per cent, of the value of property at risk, which, with con-\\ntents of buildings, was $2,970,665.\\nOf these fires 292 were in frame buildings, 57 in brick, one in a stone\\nbuilding, one in a freight car, and two in corrugated iron structures. In a", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "Atlanta of To-Day.\\n21\\nPIEDMONT DRIVING CLUB.\\nlarge majority of cases\\nthe damage did not ex-\\nceed $50, and in only\\ntwenty-seven did it ex-\\nceed $500.\\nFor the twelve and\\na half years from July\\n1st, 1885, to December\\n31st, 1897, there were\\n3,083 fires, with a total\\nloss of $1,390,591.\\nCasualties are very\\nrare, and during the\\ntime only two lives\\nwere lost, and injuries\\nfew and unimportant.\\nAttached to the de-\\npartment is an electrical engineer, who attends all fires, cuts electric wires\\nand takes such other precautions as may be necessary to protect the\\nfiremen.\\nThe department is under the absolute control of the chief and has the\\nefficiency and discipline of a military organization. Its freedom from\\npolitical domination has made it a merit system. The accounts are\\naudited by a board of firemasters, composed oi the mayor, the chief of the\\ndepartment, and five members elected by the city council.\\nThe ofiicers of the fire department are the chief, twelve foremen and the\\nsuperintendent of the fire-alarm system. There are in all one hundred\\nand five men em-\\nployed in the de-\\npartment and the\\nequipment includes\\nthree hook and lad-\\nder trucks, two\\nchemical engines,\\none extension lad-\\nd e r truck, eight\\nhose wagons, and\\nthree engines. The\\nbuildings occupied\\nat the eight stations\\nare valued at $146,-\\n000. Stations are\\nall constructed of\\nCAPITAL CITY CLUB. brlck.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "22\\nAtlanta of To-Day.\\nThe Sanitat y Department.\\nAtlanta has a well organized sanitary department, supervised by a\\nboard of health, composed of four leading physicians, two citizens and\\nthe mayor, under whose direction a force of 240 men and 185 horses and\\nmules is constantly employed. The work of the department includes, besides\\nthe usual scavenger service, street cleaning, garbage removal, etc., the close\\ninspection of fruit, vegetables, meats and milk, and strict supervision of all\\nplumbing construction. In case of epidemic the board of health has ample\\npower to use such measures as may be necessary for the isolation or quar-\\nantine of contagious or infectious diseases. The efficiency of the board has\\nbeen tested recently by the yellow fever, when, with hundreds of people\\npassing through Atlanta from the low countries along the gulf coast, not a\\nsingle case developed in any resident of the city. The system, while not\\nunnecessarily drastic, is efficient and satisfactory.\\nThe organization of the sanitary department is as follows: One chief\\nsanitary inspector, 6 district sanitary inspectors, 1 milk and market inspec-\\ntor, 1 plumbing inspector, 2 sewer and hydrant inspectors, 1 bookkeeper,\\nstenographer and registrar of vital statistics, 1 chemist, 1 superintendent of\\nfarm, stables and grounds, 1 foreman of night sweepers, 1 foreman of\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0crematory, 1 foreman of shops, 1 foreman of stables, 2 road watchmen, 1\\nstable night-watchman, 1 fireman of crematory, 1 woodworkman, 3 black-\\nsmiths, 2 drivers of street sprinklers, 6 drivers of sweeping machines, 6\\nhelpers on sweeping machines, 6 drivers of two-horse wagons with sweeping\\nmachines, 6 helpers on wagons with sweeping machines, 1 driver of infec-\\ntious wagon, 1 helper on infectious wagon, 1 driver of ambulance, 81 gar-\\nbage or gutter sweepers, 21 drivers of night-soil wagons, 21 helpers on night-\\nsoil wagons, 29 garbage wagon drivers, 29 helpers on garbage wagons, 4 dri-\\nvers of dump wagons, 55 drivers of dump carts, 4 laborers at the crematory,\\n12 laborers on the dump and pits, 3 laborers in stables, 6 laborers with sewer\\ninspectors, and 1 laborer (stable man) in the city, making in all 270 men.\\nThe department is serving about 17,500 premises, which cover the entire\\ncity. Every house not exempted is assessed a sanitary tax of $3.00 an-\\nnually, the aggregate of which amounts to about $50,000. The exempted\\nhouses are churches, school-houses, fire department houses and all houses\\nbelonging to the city, State and United States governments.\\nVital Statistics, 1S97.\\nBIRTHS.\\nTotal nuinber 935\\nTotal white... ly,^\\\\\\nTotal colored :^;i4\\nTotal males 51I\\nTotal females 4f).j\\nDEATHS.\\nTotal number deaths during 1807 1,826\\nTotal number deaths during 1896 1,861\\nTotal number deaths during IS 1,673\\nTotal number deaths during 1894 1,:)70\\nTotal number deaths during 1893 1,033\\nMORT.\\\\LITY, WHITES AND COLORED.\\n^,^ynA^^^i^ ^!u ^?2 PoPUj ition 51,000. Deaths per thousand. 18.07. Colored deaths 874, population\\n34,000. Deaths per thousand, 2. 70. Totaldeaths, 1,820 population 85,000; deaths per thousand, 21.48.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "Atlanta of To Day.\\n23\\nStreet Improvements.\\nThe system of street\\nimprovements in At-\\nlanta is based upon a\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2division of the expense\\niDetvveen the city, the\\n:abutting property own-\\ners and the street rail-\\nway companies, where\\nthe latter occupy a por-\\ntion of the street. The\\nrule has been that assess-\\nTnents could be levied\\nwhere a petition repre-\\nsenting the owners of\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0one-third of the abut-\\nting property asked for\\nthe improvements, but\\n^at the recent session of\\nthe legislature an\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0amendment to the char-\\nter made the require-\\nment a petition repre-\\nsenting fifty per cent, of the abutting property. Before an ordinance re-\\nquiring such improvements can be passed they must be approved by the\\nSuperintendent of Public Works and the City Engineer, and when the\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2work has been ordered each piece must be let to contract separately.\\nTELEPHONE EXCHANGE.\\nJEWISH orphans home.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "24 Atlanta of To-Day.\\nUnder the law no member of the city council can be a party to any con-\\ntract with the city. Where sewers are laid abutting property owners are\\nassessed seventy cents per foot on each side. This exceeds the cost of\\nlateral sewers of small dimensions on side streets, and helps to make up\\nthe cost of trunk sewers.\\nThe system of sewers was laid out in 1890 upon a plan prepared by the\\neminent sanitary engineer, Mr. Rudolph Hering, of New York, after a\\nthorough survey of the city, with due regard to the rainfall and amount of\\nstorm water and sewage to be carried off. The system in use here is one of\\ncombined sewers, carrying both storm water and sewage. The water con-\\nnections for residences and buildings are kept up to the sanitary standard\\napproved by the Board of Health and set forth in the plumbing ordinance,\\nwhich was adopted ten years ago. This ordinance requires the standard\\ntraps and open air vents, with approved flush tanks for closets and 1,000-\\ngallon flush tanks imbedded in the streets at suitable distances to clear the\\nsewers.\\nThe City Engineer gives the following statement concerning street im-\\nprovements\\nThere are in the city a total of 61.81-100 miles of paved streets, the\\ncost of which amounts to S,1869,080.52. Of these 1.58-100 miles are vitri-\\nfied brick, 1.35-100 miles of asphalt, 5.30-100 miles of macadam, 3.50-100\\nmiles of rubble, and 50.08-100 miles of granite blocks.\\nThere are 65.86-100 miles of sewers, varying in size from eight inches\\nto ten feet in diameter, laid at a total cost of $710,554.56. There are 196.28\\nmiles of curbing and sidewalks, most of which are paved with brick, at\\na cost of $626,232.23. All of this work has been done since 1880 and paid\\nfor by special assessments and from the general tax without the issuance of\\nany bonds for this purpose.\\nStreet improvements are made on the petition of not less than one-\\nthird (now one-half) of the property frontage, and the expense is met by\\nassessing two-thirds of the cost against the property and one-third is paid\\nfrom the general tax. In streets occupied by a street railway company\\neleven feet in width is paid for by the street railway company occupying\\nthe street and the balance is apportioned as above described.\\nSewers are laid by an appropriation from the general tax, but an assess-\\nment of seventy cents per lineal foot is collected from the abutting property\\nThe entire cost of curbing and sidewalks is paid by abutting property.\\nJBuildhiff Itisfjectioii and Statistics.\\nBuildings in Atlanta are under the inspection of an experienced builder,\\nand before permits can be issued the character of the building, with the\\ncost and location, must be registered with the Inspector, who has an office\\nin the city hall. The usual rules prevail as to fire limits, and at the recent\\nsession of the legislature the city was given power to control the location of\\nlivery stables. A careful record is kept of all buildings, and permits and", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "Atlanta of To-Dav.\\nstructures are classified as to character and location. This gives a very-\\naccurate measure of the extent and value of improvements, and also indi-\\ncates what portions of the city are progressing most rapidly. The Inspec-\\ntor s reports for 18 .)6 and 1897 are herewith appended, showing, by months\\nand wards, the buildings constructed during that period. The record for\\n1895, which was Exposition year, has been surpassed both in 1896 and 1897.\\nThe following figures indicate very accurately the character and extent of\\nthe buildings\\nBuilding of 1896 by Months.\\nThe total\\nas follows\\nJanuary.\\nFebruary\\nMarch\\nApril\\nnumber\\nof permits was\\nNo.\\n41\\n66\\n54\\n105\\n75\\n782. Issued\\nCost.\\n48,621\\n179,434\\n55,227\\n156,723\\n96,278\\nJune\\n63\\n181,125\\nJuly\\n85\\n391,938\\nAugust\\nSeptember..\\nOctober...\\nNovember.\\n63\\n61\\n72\\n61\\n33\\n103,035\\n47,651\\n60,595\\n69,044\\n14,815\\nTotal...\\n782\\n81,404,486\\nBuildings of 1896 Classified.\\nThe buildings erected are classified as follows:\\nCost.\\n28 Brick stores S 172,.525\\n26 Frame stores 11038\\n10 Brick dwellings. 91,600\\n341 Frame dwellings 380,891\\n25 Public and business buildings 596,981\\n280 Additions and alterations 127 104\\n63 Miscellaneous buildings 24,344\\nTotal $1,404,486\\nBuilding of 1897 by Months.\\nThe total number of permits was 1,313. Issued\\nas follows:\\nNo. Cost.\\nJanuary 44 51,910\\nFebruary 51 127,102\\nMarci 62 238,160\\nApril 104 144,500\\nMay 93 287,007\\nJune 130 64,087\\nJuly 115 179,265\\nAugust 165 147,691\\nSeptember 161 88,364\\nOctober 141 393,009\\nNovember 145 46,036\\nDecember 102 36,173\\nTotal 1,313\\n$1,803,304\\nBuildings of 1897 Classified.\\nThe buildings erected are classified as follows.\\nCost.\\n22 Brick stores t 80,425\\n14 Frame stores 5,925\\n5 Brick dwellings 28,600\\n383 Frame dwellings 376,332\\n72 Public and business buildings. 1,114,500\\n727 Additions and alterations 183,563\\n136 Miscellaneous buildings 14,409\\nTotal 11,803,304\\nHOME FOR THE FRIENDLESS.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "26\\nAtlanta of To-Day.\\nAtlanta s Imports.\\nTHERE has been an astonishing increase in imports at the Atlanta,\\ncustom house during the past two years, as may be seen from the\\nfollowing table computed by the Surveyor of Customs, at the port of\\nAtlanta. The imports for 1896 were eight times those of the preceding^\\nyear\\nSHOWING THE PRINCIPAL DUTIABLE ARTICLES.\\nARTICLES.\\nQuantities.\\nValues.\\n1892\\n1893\\n1894\\n1895\\n1896\\n1892\\n1893\\n1894\\n1895\\n1896\\nFree of Duty,\\n406\\n199\\n1,629\\n6,885\\n3,121\\n2,604\\n2,579\\n193\\n300\\n1 573\\n821. 24*\\nDutiable,\\n776\\n6,084\\n3,230\\n4,733\\n8\\n1,395\\n847\\n2,421\\n70\\n2,554\\n186\\n6,027\\n13,086-\\n1,437\\nTobacco and mfg. of leaf. Pounds\\n6,204\\n610\\n12,943\\n733\\n2,335\\n180\\n4,921\\n46\\n2,970\\n140\\nmi\\n43\u00c2\u00bb\\n44,919\\nTotal dutiable\\nS17,017\\n17,423\\n9,596\\n814,817\\n15,010\\n12,081\\nS 4,671\\n4,971\\n3,238\\n8 9,837\\n10,410\\n4,685\\n844,909\\n81,996\\n23,64ft\\nERSKINE MEMORIAL FOUNTAIN.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "MARIETTA STREET.\\nCommerce.\\nATLANTA S commerce has the distinguishing features of an inland\\ncity, with a remarkably uniform state of business, changing less at\\ndifferent selsons than that of the great cotton ports like New Orleans and\\nSavannah, where the volume of exchanges and shipments is immense at\\ncertain seasons of the year and very low in proportion at other times.\\nAtlanta is at a point where there is a remarkable confluence of Eastern\\nand Western business. A vast volume of traffic pouring down between the\\ndifferent ranges of the Apalachian chain converges at Atlanta and is met\\nby a vastly greater volume of business from the West. This will be illus-\\ntrated by the tonnage figures below, from which it will be seen that the\\nfreight from the East for the past five years, amounting to 402,000,000 tons,\\nwas met by Western business of 969,000,000 tons. The miscellaneous\\nbusiness from the East is somewhat greater than that from the West, which\\namounts to 317,000,000 tons. The vast bulk of Western business consists\\nof breadstuffs, packing-house products, agricultural implements, hardware,\\niron and steel, railroad iron, structural iron, etc.\\nIt will be seen that the volume of business from the West is about two\\nand a half times that from the East, but it should be stated that the Eastern\\ntraffic is made up of a high class of manufactured articles which pay the\\nrailroads the highest rates of freight, while the Western traffic consists", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "28\\nCommerce.\\nlargely of carloads of corn, meat, iron and machinery, on which the charges\\nare very low.\\nThe gradual amalgamation of railroad lines from the Ohio and Missis-\\nsippi rivers to the Southeast has a tendency to stimulate the competition\\nof Atlantic ports with the gulf ports for Western products, and the volume\\nof Western business passing through Atlanta is steadily increasing, with\\nconditions calculated to accelerate the increase in the near future. Atlanta\\nis the gateway between the ports of Charleston, Port Royal, Savannah and\\nBrunswick, and the great Western lines of the continent. The granary of\\nthe West is from two to three hundred miles nearer the South Atlantic\\nports than it is to New York by the great trunk lines. With the solidifi-\\ncation of the Southern lines, and rates of freight over them hardening by\\ncompetition with the gulf ports, the tendency should be to increase business\\nthrough Atlanta to Atlantic ports at the expense of the ports in the North-\\neast. For this reason the volume ot Western business through Atlanta\\nmust steadily increase. These facts will more fully appear from an inspec-\\ntion of the following statistics of tonnage of freight into Atlanta from the\\nWest and freight into Atlanta from the East\\nFreight from the West.\\nRECORD OP THE SOUTHEASTERN FREIGHT ASSOCIATION.\\nClassified statement of tonnage from points on and beyond the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers and\\nfrom and via Lexington, Ky., and from Nashville, Tenn., Johnsonville, Tenn., and Florence,\\nSlieffield and Biverton, Ala., to Atlanta, Ga., during periods named\\nFreight front the Fast.\\nRECORD OF THE SOUTHEASTERN FREIGHT ASSOCIATION.\\nStatement of Tonnage from the Eastern Seaboard and Interior Points in New England, New-\\nYork, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware and West Virginia, to Atlanta, Ga., during\\nperiods named\\nDuring the year ended March 31, 1893\\nMarch 31, 1894..\\nMarch 31, 1895.,\\nMarch 31, 1896.\\n83,710,945\\n~9,.348,51-2\\n78,763,415\\n98,707,647\\nMarch 31, 1897 1 61,749,793\\nTotal I 402,480,123:", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "Commerce.\\n29\\nWholesale Trade.\\nAtlanta s wholesale trade is the growth of thirty years, and more partic-\\nularly of the last two decades. Within ten years the jobbing trade of the\\nSoutheastern States hag been centered in this city, and smaller jobbing\\ncenters have from time to time contributed capital, and have contributed\\nmen as well, who are among the active factors in pushing Atlanta s trade.\\nThe business of this city reaches from the Atlantic coast to the Mississippi\\nriver, and in some lines to Texas and Mexico. On the north Atlanta meets\\nBaltimore half way and divides the distance with Cincinnati. In several\\nspecialties the trade of Atlanta extends throughout the United States. This\\nis particularly true of cotton and paper bags, furniture and proprietary\\nmedicines.\\nTime was when groceries were shipped from New Orleans to Atlanta, but\\nsuch a thing is almost unheard of now, and this market receives from that\\ncity nothing but articles produced in the State of Louisiana.\\nThe domination of New York over the interior trade is a thing of the\\npast. Fifteen or twenty years ago the merchants of Atlanta and vicinity\\nbought comparatively few goods of the jobbing merchants here, but by de\\ngrees it became apparent that there was no sense in paying freight on goods\\nfor eight hundred miles, while the same articles could be had at the same\\nprices in this city. The same principle which is applied to all interior job-\\nbing centers all over the United States has operated in Atlanta s favor, and\\nSOUTH PRYOR STREET.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "30 Commerce.\\nthe growth of the wholesale trade here has kept pace with its increase in\\nthe commercial centers of the Western and Middle States.\\nAtlanta jobbers are patriotic as well as enterprising, and make it a rule\\nto encourage home industry. Cotton goods which, twenty years ago, were\\nbought of commission houses in New York are purchased direct from\\nSouthern factories, and the products of mills making jeans, hosier3% over-\\nalls, clothing, shoes and many other staples are taken by jobbing houses\\nand distributed from Atlanta. The anomalous condition which fifteen or\\ntwenty years ago caused cotton goods and other staples to be shipped from\\nGeorgia, the Carolinas and Alabama to New York for distribution has been\\nlargely overcome by the upbuilding of Atlanta as a jobbing center. The\\nsame has been going on in other parts of the South, and has inured largely\\nto the benefit of Southern mills, which thereby avoid the expense of\\ntransportation on their goods to a distant market. This disposition of the\\njobbers has acted as a stimulus to home industries, and each year the pro-\\nportion of the goods bought at the South grows larger. This tendency of\\nthe wholesale dealers to develop local manufacturing industries is directly\\nevidenced by the fact that several wholesale dry goods and notion houses-\\nhave established, in connection with their mercantile business, factories for\\nthe manufacture of pants, overalls, clothing and many other articles. In\\nthe meantime several such factories have been established in different parts\\nof the State.\\nNaturally the two largest items in Atlanta s wholesale trade are groceries--\\nand dry goods. The sales of groceries amounted to $9,384,000, and those^\\nof dry goods to $8,775,000 during the year 1897. Under the head of dry\\ngoods shoes and hats are included. These goods are sold from the Atlantic\\ncoast to the Mississippi river and from the gulf half way to Cincinnati.\\nAtlanta houses carry immense stocks of goods, and their system of stock-\\nkeeping and supply is probably the best in the South. Hardly any city in\\nthe South carries an assortment equal to that kept in Atlanta-\\nThe hardware business of Atlanta employs more than $3,000,000 capital.\\nThere are a number of houses which have for years done a prosperous busi-\\nness, and the volume of trade in this line is steadily increasing. To-day\\nthere is no market south of Louisville which does a hardware business\\ncomparable with that of Atlanta. It has become necessary for firms in\\nthis line to lease warehouses in other cities in order to accommodate their\\nexpanding business.\\nIn the grocery business Atlanta controls an extensive territory. It has-\\nnot been many years since the Southeastern States were supplied in thi\\nline by dealers of Baltimore and New Orleans. The upbuilding of Atlanta\\nhas changed this. Extensive dealers in this city supply the needs of the\\nterritory. Many of the large wholesale houses of Atlanta maintain branch\\nestablishments in other cities, thus supplementing the shipments made-\\nfrom the home establishments.\\nAtlanta has a number of strong drug houses and dealers in paints, oils,\\n\u00e2\u0082\u00actc. This business covers a wide territory, including several States, and", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "Commerce.\\n31\\nALABAMA STREET.\\nsome of these firms keep stocks of goods in other cities in the South for\\nshipment on orders sent to Atlanta. The proprietary goods which enter\\ninto every drug stock include several important compounds put up in At-\\nlanta, and the business in this line is very great, reaching to almost every\\nState in the Union.\\nAtlanta s wholesale trade is remarkable for the solid character and high\\nreputation of the firms controlling it. There have been very few failures\\nduring the last thirty years, and many of the houses are from twenty to-\\nthirty years old. The volume of business is as follows\\nTHE WHOLESALE TRADE OF ATLANTA.\\nCapital. Sales.\\nGroceries 81,564,000 9 9,384,000\\nHardware 1,092,000 2,969,000\\nLiquor 175,000 633,000\\nDrugs 285,000 996,000\\nDry Goods 3,506,000 8,775 000\\nMiscellaneous 1,179,000 3,534,000\\n$7,801,000 826,291,000\\nMetail Trade,\\nAtlanta s retail trade is one of the most interesting features of its business.\\nThe principal retail streets are thronged with hurrying crowds almost every-\\nday in the year, and present scenes of life and activity suggestive of the\\nbusiest thoroughfares in the great metropolitan cities. Enterprising con-\\ncerns have made stock-keeping a specialty, and in the character and variety", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "32\\nCommerce.\\nof goods their eilorts are not surpassed at any other interior city. Window-\\ndressing is a tine art here, and the scenes daily presented behind plate-glass\\nwould do credit, not only to a metropolitan city, but to an artist s studio.\\nThe advertisements of Atlanta s retailers are equally striking, and their\\ndisplays are often among the most interesting features in the daily papers.\\nThe systems in operation in the leading retail establishments are the same\\nin vogue in the great metropolitan stores, and the delivery service is quick\\nand ethcient. The dry goods trade has been enlivened by the efforts of an\\nunusually enterprising and talented set of merchants, and failures have\\nbeen rare. The retail clothing business in Atlanta is immense and the\\nstocks among the largest in the country. The displays of furniture, in\\nextent and variety and in the good taste exercised in the selection of pat-\\nterns, are not equaled elsewhere in the Southern States. The retail mar-\\nkets have advanced wonderfully within the past ten years, and Atlanta\\nhas a set of caterers that cannot be surpassed at any inland city. Every\\nkind of fish and game may be had in season, and fresh vegetables from\\nthe time they ripen in Florida until the last crop of the truckmen sur-\\nrounding Atlanta has been marketed. The supply of poultry is particularly\\nfine. East Tennessee pours down her wealth of turkeys and chickens, and\\nthe whole of North Georgia contributes to Atlanta s market supply. South\\nGeorgia furnishes an abundance of spring lambs, which are of such fine\\nquality that large shipments have been made to Cincinnati and the West.\\nIn fresh meats Atlanta has the best of Western beef, stall-fed cattle from\\nTennessee and hog products from the West. The retail business in the\\nleading lines is as follows:\\nAtlanta s retail trade.\\nEstablishments.\\nDry Goods 60\\nGroceries.. 420\\nClothing 85\\nFurniture 52\\nButchers 80\\nDrugs 48\\nHardware 19\\nJewelry 16\\nMiscellaneous. 55\\n785\\nHorses and Mules.\\nAtlanta is the second largest market in the United States for mules and\\nhorses. She is only surpassed by St. Louis, and not very much surpassed\\nthere. The annual sale amounts to over sixty thousand animals, valued\\nat between four and five million dollars. This is partly retail and partly\\nwholesale trade. Two-thirds of the stock is reshipped from Atlanta as a\\ndistributing point into Georgia, South Carolina, Florida and Alabama.\\nThe remaining one-third is sold here, principally at auction, during the\\nwinter months. The facilities for the handling of this business are unusual.\\nImmense stables have been erected especially for the accommodation of\\nCapital.\\nSales.\\n$1,:K3,060\\n9 3,699.000\\n7:^,000\\n2,166.000\\n478,000\\n1,404,000\\n213,000\\n630,000\\n2- :i,000\\n625,000\\nlf!5,000\\n52-2.000\\n58,000\\n162.000\\n102,000\\n288,000\\n703,000\\n2,097,000\\n\u00c2\u00ab4,029.000\\n111,593,000", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "Commerce. 33,\\nhorse-drovers, and hundreds of animals are accommodated at one time.\\nThe trade is indicated bv the followins: table\\nMules..\\nHorses\\nATLANTA S HORSE AND MULE TRADE.\\nNumber.\\n4K,875\\n15,625\\n62,500\\nValue.\\nS3, 513, 625\\n1,U51,S75\\nSi,56o,500\\nCoal, Coke and Wood.\\nAtlanta s trade in coal, coke and wood is very large. This city is at the\\npoint where coal from Alabama comes in direct competition with coal\\nfrom Tennessee, and competing lines from the two States keep freights at\\na low ligure. Steam coal averages 81.75 per ton delivered, with little-\\nchange at different seasons of the year. The standard price of domestic\\ncoal is S3.25 to S3. 75 per ton at the beginning of the season in retail lots.\\nThe supply is always abundant, and prices, even in the bitterest weather^\\nare never exorbitant.\\nThe supply of wood is abundant and at reasonable prices, as Atlanta i\\nclose to the heavily-timbered regions of Middle and North Georgia.\\nThe volume of business in fuel is indicated bv the following:\\nATLANTA S FUEL TRADE.\\nSoft Coal...\\nHard Coal.\\nCoke\\nWood\\n.81,200,000\\n50,000\\n20,000\\n22,000\\n$1,292,000\\nWHITEHALL STREET.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "34 Commerce.\\nManufacturers Agents Located in Atlanta.\\nAtlanta is Southern headquarters for nearly all the great manufacturing\\nconcerns of the North and East who maintain branch houses south of the\\nOhio river. The principal makers of raih-oad and structural steel, engines\\nand boilers, iron and woodworking machinery, hydraulic machinery, ice\\nand refrigerating machinery, electrical apparatus, elevators, rubber and\\nleather belting, oil, explosives, packing-house products, spool cotton, musi-\\ncal instruments, and many other important articles, are represented by\\nregularly established branch houses, many of them carrying large stocks\\nand employing a very considerable number of salesmen and office men.\\nThere are forty-three branch houses of this character in Atlanta, their an-\\nnual sales aggregating nearly $3,000,000.\\nManufacturers have located their Southern branches in Atlanta because\\nthe city offers many substantial advantages for handling Southern trade.\\nIts geographical position is first among these advantages. This advantage\\nis strongly supplemented by splendid transportation facilities. Modern\\noffice and storage accommodations have also been important factors.\\nThe Cotton Business.\\nThe cotton business of Atlanta has been a considerable item for many\\nyears, and now averages about 175,000 bales per annum. This represents\\nthe number passing through the compresses and reshipped from Atlanta by\\nlocal firms. As Atlanta is some distance from the coast, its receipts cannot\\nbe compared to those of New Orleans or Savannah, but the business done\\nhere represents the crop of the territory surrounding the city\\nThe Car Service of Atlanta,\\nThe relation of Atlanta to the commerce of the surrounding country is\\nindicated by the number of cars unloaded here by consignees on the side-\\ntracks of the various roads entering the city. The Southeastern Car Service\\nAssociation, which was organized in October, 1895, to secure the prompt\\nloading and unloading of cars, and for that purpose to enforce a reasonable\\nand uniform charge for the detention of cars when they are held over the\\ntime prescribed by the Railroad Commission, has kept during the past two\\nyears an accurate record of this business, and these statistics are a revela-\\ntion. The association keeps an account of all cars unloaded by con-\\nsignees on practically all of the railroads of Georgia, covering 4,563 out of a\\ntotal of 5,374 miles of railroad in this State, besides 2,510 miles in Florida.\\nTheir territory is one and a half times that of this State. In that territory\\nduring 1896 there were 179,704 cars unloaded, and in 1897 the business in-\\ncreased to 248,741 cars. During the same period Atlanta unloaded about\\none-fourth as many. The records show that on the side-tracks of this city\\nthere were unloaded 55,114 cars during 1896 and 71,884 during 1897. The\\nincrease for the past year in the whole territory of this State and 2,510\\nmiles of rail in Florida was 69,037 cars, and in Atlanta 16,770 cars.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "Commerce.\\n35\\nSOUTH PRYOR STREET.\\nThus it will be seen that during 1896|Atlanta unloaded 30 per cent, of the\\ncars delivered in this State and half of Florida, while during 1897 she un-\\nloaded very near the same proportion.\\nThis tallies closely with statistics of the postoffice, showing that the\\ngross receipts for mail matter at Atlanta are about one-third of those for the\\nState of Georgia.\\nThe delivery of cars to consignees in Atlanta during 1897 was as follows:\\nSouthern Railway 24,552\\nCentral of Geoigia Railway 11,054\\nWestern Atlantic Railway 21,839\\nGeorgia Railroad 12,470\\nAtlanta West Point Railway 1,969\\nTotal 71,884\\nThese figures do not include the deliveries of cars to Atlanta consignees\\nby the Seaboard Air Line. The number of these, as stated by an\\nofficial of the road, is 4,680\\nMaking the grand total for Atlanta.\\n76,564\\nThe improvement in the car service at Atlanta by the more rapid hand-\\nling of business is indicated by the fact that when the Southeastern Car\\nService Association was organized in October 1895, the estimated detention\\nof cars was 6.76 days. The statistics for 1897 show that the actual deten-\\ntion was 2.09 days. From this it is estimated that the railroads in this", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "36\\nCommerce.\\nterritory have saved 700,000 days service of freight cars, which, at $1.50\\nper day per car, would be a saving of more than $1,000,000. The facilities\\nof the roads for handling business and the service afforded Atlanta shippers\\nand consignees have been vastly increased by the work of the Association.\\nTHE MULE MARKET.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "THE FULTON BAG AND COTTON MILLS.\\ni^anafactctring.\\nATLANTA holds a prominent place among the manufacturing cities\\nof the South, and is especially strong in the variety of her industries.\\nIn this respect Atlanta s relation to the iron cities of the South has been\\ndescribed as similar to that which Philadelphia bears to Pittsburg. Atlanta\\nhas no such great iron plants as Birmingham, Chattanooga and other cities\\nin Alabama and Tennessee, but it has something better in its variety of\\nwell-developed industries. In this respect its manufactures resemble largely\\nthose of Massachusetts. Though that State has a manufactured product\\nof about $900,000,000, only a few items cut a very large figure. By far the\\nlarger part of that immense total is made up of the great variety of smaller\\nindustries scattered through the cities and towns of the State. It is the\\nsame with Atlanta s industry. One hundred and fifty-six establishments\\nin a great variety of industries, with a capital of $9,343,300, and an out-\\nput of $14,183,000, employ 7,985 operatives, with an annual pay-roll of\\n$2,456,000. The gain of raw material by manipulation in Atlanta con-\\nsiderably exceeds the average percentage gain by manipulating raw mate-\\nrial elsewhere. The total cost of raw material in the various manufactur-\\ning establishments is $8,178,000, and this, after the process of manufacture,\\nis valued at $14,183,000. There is, therefore, a gain of 129^ per cent, on the\\nvalue of raw material by manipulation. In other words, the product is\\nworth two and three-tenths times as much after manufacture as it was in\\nthe shape of raw material. The average wage is $307. This indicates that,\\nwith all the stress of panic through which the country has passed in the\\nlast seven years, the average wage in Atlanta has remained about the same\\nas the average for the State of Georgia, as indicated by the census of 1890.\\nIt will be noticed that for the amount of capital employed the manufac-\\nturing establishments of Atlanta are especially effective in the amount of", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "Manufacturing.\\noutput and the number of men\\nemployed. The total invest-\\nment of $9,343,000 gives em-\\nployment to 7,985 people. One\\nperson is employed for every\\nSI, 154 invested. In the Mid-\\ndle and Northern States the\\ncost of plant for each operative\\nemployed is from fifty to one\\nhundred per cent, more than\\nthis, while in some instances\\nthe average enhancement in\\nthe value of raw material by\\nmanipulation is something less\\nthan the average in this city.\\nThe relation of wages to raw\\nmaterial and profits is such as\\nto leave a comfortable margin\\nfor other operating expenses\\nand for returns to capital. For\\ninstance, of the manufactured\\nproduct valued at $14,1S3,000\\nthe margin above the cost of\\nraw material is $8,005,000.\\nThe cost of labor was less than\\nhalf this margin, being only\\n$2,456,000. It is a rule in num-\\nufacturing establishments that\\nthe margin is about e(][ually\\ndivided between capital and\\nlabor. In this case capital has\\nrather a better show than\\nusual, receiving, instead of an\\naverage of about fifty per cent.,\\nabout seventy per cent., en-\\nhancement in the value of\\nraw material by manipulation,\\nand therefore has a safer mar-\\ngin for operating expenses.\\nThe manufacturers of Atlan-\\nta enjoy exceptional facilities\\nfor the distribution of their\\nproducts, and have an abun-\\ndant and cheap supply of fuel.\\nThe ten lines of railroad radi-", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "MaNUFAC TURING.\\n39\\nPLAN I OF THE SOUTHEliN FERTll.IZEli CO.\\nating from Atlanta give quick access to all parts of the territory supplied\\nfrom this city, and many miles of siding, largely connected directly with\\nthe factories, afford economical facilities for loading and shipping.\\nAtlanta is at a point where the coal fields of Alabama and Tennessee\\ncome in direct competition, and for this reason steam coal is always at a\\nlow price. The average price, which varies little at different seasons of\\nthe year, is SI. 75 per ton delivered at Atlanta.\\nThe statistics of manufactures in Atlanta for the year 1897 were collected\\nwith great care for this handbook. A careful census was taken of the\\nbusiness in all lines. First, the names of the establishments were secured\\nfrom the mercantile agencies, and this list was checked against the list of\\nbusiness licenses issued by the city of Atlanta. The list was further tested\\nby other means, which made it complete and reliable. To these concerns\\nblanks calling for the desired information were sent, and a number of\\nanswers were received. This process was repeated several times, and in\\nthe course of thirty days replies had been received from two-thirds of the\\nestablishments. Information from the remaining third was secured through\\na personal canvass by the Chairman of the Committee on Statistics and\\nPLANT OF THE EXPOSITION COTTON MILLS.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "40\\nManufacturing.\\nPublication and the Secretary of the Chamber of Commerce. In the few\\ncases where information was refused the Committee secured three estimates\\non each item and took the mean as a conservative statement of the fact.\\nThe facts so obtained were compiled from the original memoranda. The\\nresult is not an estimate, but a census, and, excepting those made by the\\nUnited States census bureau, the only one ever made of the manufactures\\nof Atlanta. It is believed that this census is the most accurate that has\\never been taken, and faithfully reflects the conditions of industry in this\\ncity during the year 1897. The results compiled in tabular form are as\\nfollows\\nATLANTA S MANUFACTURED OUTPUT FOR 1897.\\nCHARACTER OF MANUFACTURES.\\n3\\n6\\n_\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\\nu\\nd\\nO\\n3\\no i\\na\\nMat\\nsed.\\no\\noS\\no\\ns\\n3 Fi\\no.\\n03\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Z, U-\\na\\nK,\\nO\\nl\\nCOTTON\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nSheetings, Drills, Bags, Hosiery, Yarns\\nIron\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nMach y, Agr l Impl., Boilers, Gins, Castings\\nLumber\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\n:^ash, Doors, Blinds, Interior Finish\\nSheet Metal\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nCornices, Tinware, Wirework\\nClay\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nBrick, Tile, Terra Cotta\\nCommercial Fertilizers\\nWagons and Carriages\\nPeopkiktary Medicines\\nFurniture\\nCandy and Crackers\\nTobacco\\nCoffins\\nBOTTLitG and Carbon ating\\nPaper and Paper Bags\\nPaints and Oils\\nCotton-seed Oil and By-Products\\nIce\\nMiscellaneous\\n26\\n81,750,000\\n1,467,000\\n694,000\\n222,000\\n301,000\\n1,215,000\\n126 000\\n248,000\\n432,000\\n235,000\\n38,000\\n260,000\\n53,000\\n480,000\\n114,000\\n750,000\\n140,000\\n718,000\\nfl,086,000\\n560,000\\n433,000\\n118,000j\\n105,0COl\\nl,536,000j\\n133,000\\n208,000\\n385,000\\n280,000\\n27,000:\\n57, 000\\ni\\n32,000!\\n360,000\\n188,0001\\n230,000\\n25 000\\n415.000\\n12,038,000\\n1,585,000\\n1,046,000\\n295,000\\n315,000\\n2,221,C00\\n325,000\\n457,000\\n1,164,000\\n525,000\\n99,000\\n255,000\\n109,000\\n785,000\\n283,000\\n820,000\\n150,000\\n1,711,000\\n2,385\\n801\\n532\\n98\\n675\\n300\\n147\\n134\\n908\\n336\\n84\\n105\\n54\\n390\\n99\\n310\\n132\\n495\\n1.56 J9,343, ,00 86,178.000 $14,183.000 7,985 S2,456,000\\n1404,000\\n325,0fJ0\\n216,000\\n224,000\\n128,000\\nJ-0,000\\n55,000\\n84,000\\n248,000\\n101,000\\n19,000\\n75,000\\n24,(00\\n112,000\\n21,000\\n81,000\\n29,000\\n227,000\\nCotton Manufactures.\\nAtlanta s cotton industry began in 1S83, when the Atlanta Cotton\\nMill was established by public subscription with a capital stock of S300,-\\n000. That mill has passed through various vicissitudes, but is now in a\\nhighly prosperous condition. It manufactures sheeting and drilling, and\\nhas 18,000 spindles and 550 looms. It has been followed by others equally\\nprosperous. The Exposition Mills, located in the building where the cot-", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "Manufacturing.\\n41\\nPLANT UK THE VAN WINKLE GIN MACHINE CU.\\nton exposition of 1881 was held, and in costly structures since built, has\\nfrom the first been a financial success. Its products are sold in China, and\\nthe mill is run on full time the year round. The products are sheetings\\nshirting and drills, and the mills have 36,000 spindles and 1,160 looms.\\nThe Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill, another large establishment, does a\\nbusiness of high class, working up raw cotton into cloth, and from the cloth\\nmanufacturing bags and flour sacks which are sold in almost every State of\\nthe union. This mill was organized in 1889, and manufactures not only\\nlight sheetings for fiour sacks, but bagging. It has 26,660 spindles and\\n1,000 looms. The establishment is the largest of its kind in the United\\nStates and has enjoyed phenomenal prosperity for a number of years.\\nThe Whittier Cotton Mill, located a few miles from Atlanta on the Chatta-\\nhoochee river, was built by New England capital and is in successful opera\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nPLANT OF THE SOUTHERN FURNITURE CO.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "42\\nManufacturing.\\ntion. This establislunent manufactures cotton yarn, twine, cordage and\\ncarpet warps Nos. 20 to 40. It has 10,000 spindles and 100 braiders.\\nThe total strength of the cotton manufacturing industry in Atlanta is\\nindicated by the fact that these mills, with 90,500 spindles and 2,710 looms,\\nconsume 40,000 bales of cotton per annum. Twenty cities like Atlanta\\nwould consume the remainder of Georgia s cotton crop. Besides giving a\\nmarket for the cotton produced in several counties, this industry furnishes\\n^^mployment to 2,385 hands, and brings into Atlanta every year over $2,-\\n000,000 for the manufactured product.\\nCommercial Fertilizers,\\nAtlanta has nine establishments for the manufacture of commercial\\nfertilizers, and among these were the pioneers of the business in this\\nState. Of about 1,500,000 tons of commercial fertilizers manufactured\\nand sold in the United States, Georgia consumes one-fourth. The\\nregister of the State Agricultural Department for 1897 shows that 410,-\\nOJO tons were consumed in the past year by the farmers of Georgia. It\\nis estimated that 70 per cent, of this, or about $5,600,000 worth of\\nthe product, was produced in this State. The nine factories in Atlanta\\n])roduced S2, 221,000 worth of fertilizers, or considerably more than one-\\nthird of the product of this State. The total capital employed in this in-\\ndustry in Atlanta and suburbs is $1,215,000. The raw material is valued\\nat $1,586,000 per annum. Three hundred hands are employed at a pay-\\nToll of about $800,000.\\nFurniture.\\nAtlanta is a great cen-\\nter for the manufacture\\nof furniture. The thir-\\nteen factories here, with\\na capital stock of $432,-\\n000, consume raw mate-\\nrial valued at $385,000,\\nand their product for\\nthe past year was val-\\nued at $1,164,000. The\\nthirteen establishments\\nemploy 908 people, with\\nan annual pay-roll of\\n$248,000. Much of the\\ni u rnitu re ra anu factu red\\nin Atlanta is of high\\nclass, and is sold largely\\nin the Eastern markets.\\nAt the annual furniture\\niMAN r OK THE Ai i.ANi A i-APKR CO. cxhibition at G r a n d", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "Manufacturing.\\n43\\nPLANT OF TilE GAIL LI IV LUl. L\\nEapids the Atlanta factories are well represented, and many thousands of\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0dollars worth of goods are sold there for shipment direct from Atlanta to\\nall parts of the country. This city has exceptional facilities for obtaining\\nthe hard-woods used in the manufacture of furniture, particularly oak,\\nwhich is and always will be a popular material. The mountains of North\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Georgia are filled with many kinds of hard-wood, and the valleys of the\\nstreams in that portion of the State and adjacent parts of Alabama abound\\nwiih white oak of fine quality, which is valuable not only for furniture,\\nbut for agricultural implements and wagons.\\nCotton-Seed Oil and By-Products.\\nThe cotton-seed oil industry is one of the notable ones in Atlanta. There\\nare four establishments with an investment of $750,000, using raw material\\nvalued at $230,000, which under manipulation attains a value of S820,000.\\nThese establishments employ 310 hands at an annual pay-roll of $81,000.\\nPaper and Paper Bags.\\nThis industry is one of the most remarkable successes in Atlanta. The\\npaper bags made here are sold in every State in the Union, and the patent-\\ned process used in making them, which is an AtUmta invention, is said to\\nbe superior to any in the United States. Five establishments in this in-\\ndustry have an investment of $480,000, use raw material to the amount\\nof $360,000, and have an annual product of $785,000. They employ 390\\noperatives with an annual pay-roll of $112,000.\\nAgricultural Implenients,\\nOne of Atlanta s strongest industries is the manufacture of agricultural\\nimplements. This is the growth of more than twenty years, and the sales\\nof the products extend through every State in the South and largely into", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "44\\nManufacturing.\\nMexico. The amount of money invested in this industry is about $300,-\\n000, the product about $500,000 and the number of hands about 325, with a\\npay-roll of $100,000 per annum.\\nTwenty years ago the agricultural implements of the Southern States\\nwere furnished largely by manufacturers in the Middle and Western States,\\nbut gradually Southern concerns, among which the Atlanta factories were\\npioneers, began to take the field, and they are practically without competi-\\ntion from a distance in the Southern territory, and have a very large busi-\\nness in Mexico.\\nTHE ATLANTA COTTuN MILLS.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "^anl^ing and Insurance.\\nTHE banks of Atlanta are\\namong the most solid\\nand influential financial insti-\\ntutions of the Southern States.\\nThey are managed by able and\\nexperienced financiers, whose\\nability is evidenced by the fact\\nthat several of the Atlanta\\nbanks have accumulated sur-\\npluses so large as to attract the\\nattention of bankers through-\\nout the United States.\\nThe character of Atlanta s\\nbanking business is different\\nfrom that of other Southern\\ncenters. Atlanta is the clear-\\ning-house for most of the State\\nof Georgia, and checks are sent\\nhere for collection from the\\ngreat cities of the Eastern, the\\nMiddle and the Western\\nStates.\\nThe bank clearings, of which\\nstatistics for five years appear\\nbelow, to some extent reflect\\nthe business of Atlanta but it\\nshould be borne in mind that\\ncertain classes of business do\\nnot appear in this statement.\\nFor instance, in the wholesale\\ngrocery trade about half of the\\nbusiness is done by direct ship-\\nment from the place of produc-\\ntion to the consumer, and much\\nof it does not pass through Atlanta. The wholesale grocers, as a rule, are\\npaid for these goods in New York exchange, which is frequently deposited\\nin New York, and, therefore, does not appear in the local clearings. A\\ncareful estimate by a leading wholesale grocer, who served a term as Presi-\\ndent of the Chamber of Commerce, puts the amount of business done by\\nAtlanta houses which does not appear in tiie clearings at $10,000,000.\\nThe clearings of Atlanta represent a great deal more business than the\\nsame figures would at other cities where cotton enters largely into the\\nATLANTA NATIONAL BANK.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "46 Bankinjg and Insurance.\\nvolume of exchanges. On cotton the margin is very close, and a vast\\namount of business in dollars and cents will pass through the banks with-\\nout doing the community a great deal of good. Thus at some of the coast\\ncities comparatively few firms, without a large number of employees, will do\\na cotton business amounting to many millions of dollars. In Atlanta the\\ncotton business, while respectable, is not an overshadowing item. Atlanta s\\nclearings are far more uniform than those of cotton markets, whose banking\\nbusiness runs up during the cotton season and falls to a low ebb at other\\ntimes. The great commercial and manufacturing interests of this city con-\\ntinue with comparatively little decrease in the volume of their business\\nduring the entire year.\\nThe banks of Atlanta showed their strength and gave great relief to the\\nsurrounding country in August, 1893, when, by request of the Chamber of\\nCommerce, reflecting the wishes of commercial and manufacturing interests,\\nthey issued S90,000 of clearing-house certificates. Within the next sixty\\ndays they issued $37,000 more, making a total of $127,000. These obliga-\\ntions were accepted by the merchants and the public and circulated through\\nthe surrounding country until November 6th, 1893, when they were called\\nin by the clearing-house. At the time when these certificates were issued,\\nthe cotton season was about to open and the dearth of currency made it\\nalmost impossible to move the crop. Had the harvesting of cotton and the\\nresulting payments been long delayed, great disaster would have been\\nprecipitated. The issuance of clearing-house certificates gave immediate\\nrelief, restored confidence, and prevented the embarrassment which had\\nthreatened the cotton movement.\\nThe capital of the clearing-house banks amounts to $1,860,000, and the\\nsurplus to $1,000,000. The chartered and private banks outside the clear-\\ning-house increase the banking capital, including surplus, to $3,500,000.\\nThe bank clearings and deposits of the associated banks of Atlanta for five\\nyears appear below\\nCLEARING HOUSE STATISTICS.\\n1893 $60,753,911 13\\n1894 56,589,228 04\\n1895 65,318,254 71\\n1896 69,026,033 17\\n1897 72,005,161 52\\nSinallestday, August 25th, 1893 62,070 75\\nLargest day, Januarv 8th, 1897 544,218 11\\nSmallest week en le(l August 26th, 1893 450,920 36\\nLargest week ended .fanuarv 9th, 1897 2,187,084 81\\nSmallest Dionth, August, 1893 2,616,990 06\\nLargest month, December, 1897 8,425,536 78\\nDKl OSITS WEEK ENDING NEAREST TO\\nDecember 1, 1893 3,977,930 98\\nDecember 1, 1894 4,779,1)40 99\\nDecember 1, 1895 672,006 87\\nDecember 1, 1896 5,957,634 51\\nDecember 1, 1.^97 6.385,336 51", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "Banking and Insurance.\\n47\\nOFFICE OF THE LOWRY BANKING CO.\\nThe first meeting of banks for the purpose of organizing a clearing-house-\\noccurred on the 15th of September, 1891, and articles of agreement for the-\\nestablishment of the clearing house were entered into on September 22,\\n1891. The first book records of the business began on April 7, 1892, and\\nthe clearings the first six days of that record were $1,368,637.09. There are\\nno records of the clearings previous to that date. The banks officiated as\\nmanagers alternately for two weeks at a time until August, 1893, when the\\npresent manager was elected, and rooms were provided for the clearing-\\nhouse.\\nThe first President was Mr. Paul Romare, and the following gentlemen\\nhave succeeded him in the order of their names: L. J. Hill, R. .J. Lowry,\\nT. B. Neal, J. W. English, W. L. Peel, Frank Hawkins. Mr. Darwin G, Jones\\nhas been Manager from the time that the clearing-house issued certificates\\non August 18, 1893. Captain R. J. Lovvr}^ was President during the panic\\nof that year, and the clearing-house certificates were issued during his ad-\\nministration.\\nInsiiraiice.\\nAtlanta is the third largest insurance center in the United States, only\\nranked by New York and Chicago. This cit}^ is headquarters for the South-^\\nern or State agencies of sixteen of the largest fire and twenty of the most\\nimportant life insurance companies. The deposits of premiums in Atlanta\\nbanks exceed $6,000,000. In life insurance, a careful canvass of the agen-\\ncies shows deposits of $3,241,000 for the year 1897. The reports to the Comp-\\ntroller General of the State for life and accident insurance written in Geor-\\ngia during the fiscal year ending October 1, 1897, with such changes as the\\nlocation of agencies and the difference in months would suggest, indicate", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "48\\nBanking and Insurance.\\nthat the amount of premiums deposited in Atlanta by life insurance agen-\\ncies was, approximately, $3,200,000 during 1897.\\nMore than 200 men are emploN ed by the insurance agencies in Atlanta.\\nIn fire insurance there are 115 clerks, besides forty-six general or special\\nagents, who travel throughout the Southern States, making Atlanta their\\nheadquarters. The number of local agents of fire insurance companies re-\\nporting to Atlanta agencies from points throughout the Southern States is\\n3,531. The life insurance agencies of Atlanta employ seventy-five clerks\\nand thirt}^ traveling agents, and receive reports from G37 agents in this\\nState.\\nAtlanta is headquarters for the Southeastern Tariff Association, which\\nmakes rates for the States of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina,\\nGeorgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Florida.\\nInsurance money has built man}^ of the handsomest business structures\\nin Atlanta, and two of the principal oflice buildings bear the names of\\nprominent companies. Several million dollars of insurance funds have\\nbeen invested in Georgia and Atlanta bonds and in Atlanta real estate.\\nINTERIOR ATLANTA NATIONAL [BANK.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "Postal [Receipts-\\nFEDERAL BUILDING POST-OFFICE AND CUSTOM-HOUSE.\\nT\\\\UE postal re-\\nceipts of Atlan-\\nta afford an excel-\\nlent gauge for the\\nvolume of business\\ndone here. In the\\nsame way the re-\\nceipts of the States\\neast of the Missis-\\nsippi and south of\\nthe Ohio and Poto-\\nmac rivers indicate\\nthe volume of bus-\\niness in the terri-\\ntory of Atlanta s\\ntrade. This terri-\\ntory contributes to\\nthe revenue of the\\nPostoffice Depart,\\nment, in round numbers, $8,338,000, indicating that these States do about\\none-tenth of the postal business of the United States.\\nAtlanta s place in the business of this region appears by a comparison of\\nher postal receipts with those of other cities and those of Georgia and other\\nSoutheastern States. The receipts at Atlanta for the fiscal year ending\\nJune 30th, 1897, were $265,091.70, and those for the State of Georgia were\\n$1,085,573.63. Thus it will be seen that Atlanta does about one-fourth of\\nthe postal business of Georgia. Compared with the largest cities of the\\nUnited States Atlanta ranks twenty-seventh, and compared with the princi-\\npal Southern cities Atlanta ranks third in the volume of her postal receipts,\\nwhich are only exceeded by those at Louisville and New Orleans. A com\\nparison of business with that of other principal Georgia cities shows that\\nAtlanta s postal receipts about equal those of Savannah, Macon, Augusta,\\nColumbus and Rome combined, and lack only a few thousand dollars of\\nequaling the combined receipts of Nashville and Chattanooga.\\nA significant fact in connection with the business of the Atlanta postoffice\\nis that it has shown a steady increase for every year since 1870, with the\\nsingle exception of the fiscal year ending June 30th, 1894, when the general\\ndepression which prevailed throughout the United States caused a slight\\ndecrease.\\nThe Exposition period had a marked effect on the postal receipts, and\\nfor the fiscal year ending June 30th, 1896, which includes the active period", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "so\\nPostal Receipts.\\nof the Exposition, the increase was 17 per cent. During the construction\\nperiod of the Exposition, which is covered by the fiscal year ending .June\\n30th, 1S05, the increase in postal receipts was 12 per cent. For the entire\\nperiod from 1870 to .June 30th, 1897, the average annual increase in postal\\nreceipts at Atlanta was 8.6. An estimate for the fiscal year ending June\\n30th, 1898, based upon the receipts up to date, indicates a business of\\n$295,151.88, which is an increase of 10.2 per cent, over the receipts for the\\nfiscal year ending June 30th, 1897.\\nThe mone}^ order business at Atlanta shows in a striking way the tribute\\nof trade which the surrounding region pays to this city. The money orders\\nreceived in Atlanta average about four times the amount of the money\\norders purchased here and sent away. For the fiscal year ending June 30th,\\n1897, the money orders purchased in Atlanta amounted to $252,273.25, and\\nthose received and paid out here by the postoffice amounted to $1,026,855. ()9.\\nThis business is so continuous and so considerable that the postoffice has\\nfound it necessary to make a business connection with the Atlanta clearing-\\nhouse for the purpose of making daily settlements with the banks of the\\ncity.\\nThe following tables give the above figures in detail\\nComparative Receipts of the Atlanta Post- Ojpce for Fiscal Years\\nEnding June 30th, from 1870 to 1897.\\nGross\\nRectlpts.\\nAverage\\nAnnual\\nPercent.\\na.\\no S\\nSo\\na\\nMONEY ORDER BUSINESS.\\nReceipts from\\nMonty Orders\\nIs.s ied and Feet-\\nA vera ere\\nAnnual\\nPer cent.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2iS o\\nAverage\\nAnnual\\nPercent.\\nYE.\\\\RS.\\na\\no\\no\\n6\\na\\na\\ns\\n(U\\nQ\\nc\\no\\n0)\\nQ\\n1870\\nS35,128 73\\n42,343 66\\n59,409 09\\n99,736 96\\n159,262 61\\n181,564 40\\n194,801 00\\n207,527 94\\n201,649 92\\n225,810 81\\n265,277 03\\n265.091 79\\n33\\n34\\n24\\n31\\n32\\n32\\n33\\n.33\\n36\\n31\\n31\\n32\\nif 64,321 CI\\n81,125 02\\n(i4 6,.536 90\\n1875\\n4\\n8.2\\nr^8\\n10.8\\n14.0\\n7.3\\n6,5\\n13. o\\nes. o\\n1880\\n150,750 49\\n1885\\n1890\\n1891\\n239,629 00\\n242,156 82\\n269,058 32\\n240,944 60\\n239,638 81\\n219,785 98\\n2S4,493 05\\n252,273 25\\n126,164 08\\n5.9\\n1\\n11.1\\n839,340 97\\n.865,807 87\\n810,971 85\\n790,984 .59\\n867,632 81\\n861,645 98\\n1.000,626 77\\n1,026,8.55 69\\n514,575 16\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00e2\u0096\u00a03T|::::;:::\\n3 2\\n1892\\n6.5\\n1893\\n11.0\\n0.4\\n8.4\\n2.4\\n1894\\n3.5\\no i\\n9.7\\n1895\\n12\\n17.0\\n0.7\\n1896\\n29.6\\n16.1\\n2.3\\n1897\\n11.4\\n.July 1 to Dec.\\n31, 1897.\\n141,151 88\\n154,000 00\\nJan. 1 to June\\n30, 1898, Est ed.\\n10.2\\n1898\\n295,151 88\\n32\\nAverage annual increase of gross receipts for entire period, 8.6 per cent.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "Postal Receipts,\\n5r\\nThe Postal Heceipts of Atlanta Contpared with Those of Five Other\\nCities of Georgia and Two of Tennessee, Showing the Postal\\nHeceipts for the Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1897.\\nCITIES.\\nGross\\nReceipts.\\nReceipts\\nAtlanta\\n1 265,091 70\\n32\\nSavannah\\n108,848 75\\n55,173 02\\n54,632 91\\n27,581 11\\n16,240 81\\nMacon\\n49\\nAugusta\\n54\\nColumbus\\n53\\nRome\\n58\\nTotal\\n265,091 70\\n262,476 60\\nNashville, Tenn\\n194,448 87\\n79,791 54\\n36\\nChattanooga, Tenn\\n42\\n274,240 41\\nThe gross receipts of Atlanta are 24.3 per cent, of the entire receipts of Georgia, larger than the above\\nfive cities, and nearly as large as those of Nashville and Chattanooga combined. The average per cent,\\nof expenses to receipts in foregoing cities is 45.1. In Atlanta it is 32 per cent.\\nComparative Receipts of South-\\neastern States for 1897.\\nSTATES.\\nVirginia\\nKentucky\\nGeorgia\\nTennessee\\nLouisiana\\nNorth Carolina\\nAlabama\\nWest Virginia.\\nMississippi\\nFlorida\\nyouth Carolina\\nRank.\\nGross Receipts.\\n1\\n11,147,138 32\\n2\\n1,143,673 40\\n3\\n1,085,573 63\\n4\\n1,022.369 71\\n5\\n744,082 98\\n6\\n681,354 87\\n7\\n622,275 75\\n8\\n548,083 96\\n9\\n492,313 54\\n10\\n434,919 75\\n11\\n418,045 23\\nComparative Receipts of South-\\nern Cities for 1897.\\nOne from Each State Having the Largest Re;\\nceipts in that state.\\nCITIES.\\nRank.\\nGross Receipts^\\nLouisville, Ky\\nNew Orleans, La..\\nAtlanta, lia\\nRichmond, Va\\nNashville, Tenn\\nCharleston, S. C\\nWheeling, West Va\\nJacksonville, Fla...,\\nMobile, Ala\\nWilmington, N. U.\\nVicksburg, Miss", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "Transportation racilitie^.\\nATLANTA, occupying as it does a commanding position as the gate-\\nway of the Southeast, enjoys transportation facilities equaled at few\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2other centers in the South. Many years ago, when railroad building was\\nin its infancy, far-seeing men predicted that Atlanta would be a great cen-\\nter, standing as it does at a point where railroads coming down the Atlantic\\ncoast would intersect with others from the West, Southwest and Southeast.\\nThese predictions have been fulfilled. The city has ten radiating lines, in-\\ncluding five divisions of the Southern Railway and five independent lines,\\ngiving ample facilities for reaching any section of the United States. The\\ntime from New York is twenty-four hours, and from Chicago twenty-eight.\\nThrough sleepers come and go from each of these cities. A solid vestibuled\\ntrain runs between Atlanta and New York and Atlanta and New Orleans,\\nand there is a through sleeping-car service between Atlanta and Cincinnati,\\nAtlanta and Jacksonville, and Atlanta and other Southern cities.\\nThe railroads are kept in fine physical condition and are in strong hands.\\nWithin the past year most of those which were in the hands of receivers\\nhave emerged from their difficulties, passing through the period of reor-\\nganization, and are now operated by concerns free from debt. At present\\nonly two per cent, of the railroads in Georgia are in the hands of receivers.\\nThis is a record hardly equaled by any State since the great panic of 1893,\\nwhen a large proportion of the railroads in most of the States were in the\\nhands of receivers.\\nThe people of Atlanta and surrounding towns enjoy a fine local service\\nwith ver} low commutation rates on monthly and quarterly tickets. The\\nliberal policy of the roads running into Atlanta has built up a series of\\nflourishing suburban towns, which cluster about this city for a distance of\\nten or twenty miles. Among these are such charming suburbs as College\\nPark, Decatur, Hapeville, Oakland, East Point, Edgewood, Kirkwood and", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "Transportaion Facilities 53\\nClarkston. These places are built up by people who do business in Atlanta\\nand return every evening to their suburban homes. They use railroad\\ntickets which amount to about the same as street-car fare, so that really the\\npopulation of Atlanta is perhaps thirty per cent, greater than the official\\ncount. There are about 120,000 people who make their living here. These\\ncommutation tickets extend a distance of thirty to forty miles on several\\nof the roads, and professional men who have offices in Atlanta and spend\\ntheir working hours here reside in such flourishing towns as Newnan, Ma-\\nrietta, Palmetto and Fairburn.\\nThe terminal facilities of the railroads at Atlanta, so far as freight is con-\\ncerned, are first-class. The new depot and freight warehouse occupied by\\nthe Seaboard Air-Line and the Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Rail-\\nways is one of the finest structures of its kind in the United States. The\\nwarehouse covers several acres and has a cement and concrete floor and a\\nmetal roof, supported by steel pedestals and heavy steel girders. The\\nlength is such that thirty-two drays can load at the same time on the street\\nside, while a large number of cars are discharging or taking freight at the\\ntracks on the railroad side. The metal walls next to the siding are port-\\nable and suspended on rollers, so that sections can be moved from one\\nplace to another, and leave an opening at any point where a freight car\\nmay be stopped. This affords unusual facilities for loadng or unloading\\nentire trains.\\nThe Southern Railway at its Peters street depot has ample warehouse and\\noffice room, and the Central and Atlanta and West Point freight depot on\\nMitchell street is both spacious and convenient. The Georgia Railroad\\nfreight depot is located on Loyd street, very near the heart of the city, and\\nis easily accessible from the business center.\\nA belt line partly encircles the city, extending from the Western and\\nAtlantic Railway on the northwest to the Southern Railway on the north-\\neast. Another connects the Western and Atlantic Railroad with the Sea-\\nboard Air Line, and the Central of Georgia Railway has under construction\\na belt line from East Point to the Western and Atlantic Railroad and the\\nSeaboard Air Line.\\nThe union passenger depot is located in the heart of the city, within a\\nfew minutes walk of the principal hotels, banks and business houses, and\\nis easily accessible from any part of the city. The present station is not\\na pretentious structure, but plans are under consideration for a union pas-\\nsenger depot of a size and character in keeping with Atlanta s importance.\\nAtlanta is a natural railroad center for the Southeast, and as such is\\nheadquarters for the Southeastern Freight Association and Southeastern\\nPassenger Association, of which most of the roads in the States of Georgia,\\nthe Carolinas, Alabama and Florida are members. Among these are in-\\ncluded such great systems as the Southern Railway, the Louisville and\\nNashville Railroad, the Plant System, the Florida Central and Peninsular\\nRailway, the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, the Central of Georgia", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "54\\nTransportation Facilities.\\nthe Georgia and Alabama, the Atlanta, Knoxville and Northern, and the\\nGeorgia Southern and Florida. These associations meet monthl}- for the\\ntransaction of regular business, and important conferences for the settle-\\nment of differences between the railroads of the Southeast are held here.\\nAnother important auxiliary to the railroad service at Atlanta is the\\nSoutheastern Car Service Association, which has headquarters in this city.\\nThrough this organization an accurate account of the cars unloaded in the\\nterritory of Georgia, Florida, Alabama and South Carolina is kept, and the\\nrules and regulations affecting car service, demurrage, etc., are here made\\nand promulgated.\\nThe central position of Atlanta, and the fact that the district railroad\\norganizations are located here, gives this city quite an advantage in the\\nmatter of rates and facilities. The Southern Railway, for example, occu-\\npies elaborate offices in the Equitable building, and an assistant general\\nsuperintendent, an assistant general freight agent and an assistant general\\npassenger agent of the system make this city their headquarters.\\nvStreet Railwa ^S-\\nTHE facilities for rapid transit in and about Atlanta are unusual for a\\ncity of its size. There are three systems of electric lines, with ninet}^-\\nfour miles of track, reaching to every part of the city and suburbs, and\\nextending in all directions for six or eight miles from the business center.\\nThe schedules are convenient from ten to twenty minutes apart. On\\nseveral of the longer lines the cars are heated by electricity.\\nThe Consolidated Street Railway Company has sixty-six miles of track\\nand one hundred cars, and operates about fifty cars daily, employing\\nbetween four and five hundred men. The annual pay-roll amounts to\\nabout $130,000. The capital stock of the company is $2,000,000, and the\\nbonded debt includes $2,250,000 of first mortgage consolidated bonds and\\n$106,000 of income bonds. The number of miles made by the cars per day\\nis about six thousand.\\nThe Atlanta Railway Company has lines from the center of the city to\\nFort McPherson, Grant Park, Decatur and Lakewood Park, in all about\\ntwenty miles of track. The road is well equipped and in winter uses cars\\nheated by electricity, with glass fenders for the protection of motormen.\\nThe schedules on the lines are ten or twenty minutes apart.\\nThe Collins Park and Belt Street Railway Company is a continuous line\\nfrom the center of the city on Walton street, one block from the postoffice,\\nto the Chattahoochee river, a distance of eight miles. Cars run on this line\\neach way every half hour.\\nAtlanta has three well equipped transfer companies the Atlanta Baggage\\nand Cab Company, the Atlanta Parcel, Baggage, Cab and Transfer Company\\nand the Haas Transfer Company.\\nThe rate of fare for cabs is, by city ordinance, limited to twenty-five cents\\nfrom the union passenger depot to any part of the city. The charge for\\ntrunks is also limited to 25 cents each.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "PUMPING STATION ATLANTA WATERWORKS.\\nWater and Ligf)t.\\nTl)e gtlanta Waterworl^s.\\nATLANTA S water supply is drawn from the Chattahoochee river, a\\nstream whose sources are in the foothills of the Blue Ridge. It\\nflows through a sparsely settled country to Atlanta, and there is little to\\ncontaminate it before reaching the pumping station, from which the city is\\nsupplied. Like the water of streams flowing through a red clay region, that\\nof the Chattahoochee is discolored, but the particles of clay are easily pre-\\ncipitated, and this is done by means of a settling basin, from which clear\\nwater is pumped into the city. In this way a supply of pure water, clear as\\ncrystal, is furnished all the year round regardless of the weather, and the\\nsmall amount of discoloring matter, remaining after the settling process, is\\nremoved by mechanical filtration at the pumping station.\\nThe waterworks plant is one of the finest in the country and has a pump-\\ning capacity of ten million gallons per day. As a precautionary measure,\\nhowever, the pumping machinery and the principal mains are duplicated.\\nThus, in case of accident, the duplicate plant may be put in operation, or, in\\nthe event of extraordinary necessity, both plants may be put into operation\\nat the same time, thus making the total pumping capacity twenty million\\ngallons per day. The pumping station is located on the river eight miles\\nfrom Atlanta above Peachtree creek, which is the only source of contamina-\\ntion in the vicinity of Atlanta.\\nThe water is pumped from the river station to the settling basin, which\\nis located on the outskirts of the city, about two miles from the business", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "56\\nWater and Light.\\ncenter. This receptacle is a reservoir covering twenty-two acres of ground,\\nwith a capacity of thirty days supply. The city is on an elevation above\\nthe pumping station at the river, and the lift is five hundred feet. Most\\nof this is covered between the river and the settling basin. By the pumps,\\nlocated at the settling basin and filters, the direct pressure for the service\\npipes of the city and the fire pressure is applied.\\nThe pumpage into the city for 1896 was 1,814,963,500 gallons, and in\\n1897 rose to 1,895,6J3,800 gallons. There has, therefore, been during the\\npast year an average daily consumption of 5,193,49;) gallons. There are\\n7,176 supply connections and the per capita consumption of water is forty\\ngallons per day for the entire population.\\nThe plant includes ninety-eight miles of mains, varying in diameter from\\nthree inches to forty-eight inches, and reaching over the most important\\nstreets of the city. The universal meter system is in use, and there are\\n7,176 meters. The meter system has greatly reduced the waste of water\\nand the economy so effected, together with the facilities given by the new\\nplant erected in 1893, has enabled the city to supply water at remarkably\\nlow rates. For domestic use the charge is sixty cents for six thousand gal-\\nlons, or ten cents per thousand gallons. Considering the expensive charac-\\nter of pumpage to overcome five hundred feet elevation, and the careful\\nfiltration, this cost is lower than in most other cities, and this retail price\\nwill be seen to be extremely reasonable. For manufacturers using water in\\ngreat volume the rates are still lower, and a large cotton factory has found\\nit practicable to use city water for bleaching purposes. All the water for\\nmanufacturing purposes is supplied by the city at greatly reduced rates.\\nFrom a financial standpoint the Atlanta waterworks are a decided success.\\nBesides supplying Avater for public buildings, fire department, flushing\\nsewers and other purposes of public interest in a quantity estimated at a\\nfair valuation to be worth $90,000 per annum, the plant supplies to private\\nconsumers water the receipts for which amounted to $92,484.32 in 1897.\\nThe growth of the city, including both the increasing population and\\nthe development of manufacturing interests, is indicated by the steady in-\\ncrease in the consumption of water, which has been as follows for the past\\ntwenty-two years\\nReceipts for water rents, 1876\\n1 5,700 15\\n1877\\n10,217 55\\n1878\\n17,638 84\\n1879\\n21,258 76\\n1880\\n24,637 47\\n1881\\n27,3. i3 68\\n1882\\n27,414 98\\n1883\\n31,010 26\\n1884\\n35,763 95\\n1885\\n39,283 33\\n188(i\\n3 ,751 48\\n1887\\n38,066 95\\nReceipts\\nTotal\\nfor\\nwater\\nrents\\n18S8\\n1889\\nS 38,286 35\\n56,369 50\\n1890\\n63,438 97\\n1891\\n1892\\n1893\\n1894\\n1895\\n1896\\n1897\\n74,431 90\\n79,69, 61\\n81.822 71\\n05,452 61\\n73,562 83\\n86,3,39 39\\n92,484 32\\n$1,019,960 59\\nThe total receipts from the waterworks for twenty-two years has been\\n$1,019,960.59. The statement of the president of the water board gives the\\ncash income from water rents for 1897 at $92,484.32, and the value of public\\nwater servicei at $91,550.00, making a total output of water in dollars of", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "Water and Light.\\n57\\nINTERIOR PUMPING STATION ATLANTA WATERWORKS.\\nI:,034.32. This sum exceeds the total expense account and interest on\\nwater bonds by more than $55,000.00. This income will very largely in-\\ncrease by the extension of mains to be made in 1S9S and subsequent year.-^,\\nand it is estimated that the margin of profit to the city will continue to in-\\ncrease. The net cost of the plant to date, by estimate of the superintendent\\nas quoted in the report of the president of the water board, is $786,437.69.\\nThis includes the total cost of a former plant, which has been abandoned,\\nand the magnificent new plant which was erected in 1893, allowing for the\\nnet return which the city has derived from the property in the meantime.\\nIn addition to the private service the public service includes 1,047 fire hy-\\ndrants, seventy-five flush tanks for sewers, automatic sprinklers in thirt}\\none manufacturing establishments, water service in twenty-one public\\nschools .and a number of drinking hydrant? scattered throughout the city,\\nbesides concessions to the churches and the Young Men s Christian Associa-\\ntion, the county barracks, the police barracks, the Grady Hospital, the\\npublic park the county jail and several orphan asylums and other charit-\\nable institutions, to say nothing of the court-house, cemetery and street\\nsprinkling.\\nA great advantage of the waterworks system in Atlanta is the free con_\\nnection with automatic sprinklers, in factories and business houses. By\\nthis system the insurance rate has been reduced forty per cent, without co t\\nto the concerns using the sprinklers beyond the expense of putting in the\\npipes and equipment. The city pressure is always on the pipes of these\\nautomatic sprinklers, and the fusible valves insure a flood of water in case\\nof fire. The efficiency of this protection has been thoroughly demonstrated", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "58\\nWater and Light.\\nby recent instances in this city, justifying the forty per cent, reduction by\\nthe insurance companies.\\nElectric I5igl)t and Power.\\nTHE electric light and power service in Atlanta is first-class. The\\nGeorgia Electric Light Company, which furnishes all the electric light\\nand power facilities in the city, was organized in LS91, and Atlanta is in-\\ndebted to the enterprise and energy of this company for a first-class modern\\nelectric light and power S3^stem.\\nThis company does all the street lighting and furnishes a 24-hour incan-\\ndescant light and motor service. It has installed at present in the street\\nlighting service 626 2,000-candle-power arc lights, burning all night\\nand every night, 507 75-candle-power incandescent lamps, burning all\\nnight and every night.\\nThe commercial lighting consists of 23,050 16-candle-power incandescent\\nlamps, supplied to 624 customers.\\nThe motor service amounts to 1,500-horse power, in motors, supplied to\\n177 customers. There are 74 commercial arc lights, supplied to 32 cus-\\ntomers.\\nThe kilo-watt output of the company for the year 1^96 was in round\\nnumbers 4,500,000 kilo-watts, and for 1897 was about 5,0()0,0()0 kilo-watts.\\nThe company has spent on its property in ro^uid numbers S900,000, and\\nsupplies light and power to almost every line of industry in Atlanta. It\\nis furnishing light and power at the\\nfollowing rates: Incandescent\\nlights, 12 cents per 1,000 watt hours,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2with discounts from 10 per cent, to\\n40 per cent., according to amount\\nof current used. Motive power, 7\\ncents per 1,000-watt hours, with dis\\ncounts from 10 per cent, to 40 per\\ncent, on all motors up to 10 horse\\npower, and from 10 per cent, to 70\\nPOWER STATION GEOKCIA ELECTRIC LIGHT CO.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "Water and Light.\\n59\\nDYNAMO ROOM GKORGIA ELECTRIC LK;HT Ci\\nper cent, on all above 10-horse power. Alternating arc lamps, 6 cents per\\nlamp hour, with discounts from 15 per cent, to (iO per cent., according to\\namount of current used. Commercial arc lights, from dark until 11:00\\no clock, $9.88 per month, 10 per cent, discount; commercial arc lamps\\nall night, $11.25 per month, 10 per cent, discount. Commercial series, 32\\nc.-p., $1.88 per month, 10 per cent, discount; commercial series, 65-c.-p.\\n$3.75 per month, 10 per cent, discount. City arc lamps, $7.08^, net, per\\nlamp per month city arc series, $2.91f, net, per lamp per month.\\nNo money has been spared in bringing the service up to date. The\\nplant is modern and complete and is managed by the best practices pre-\\nvailing in the business. The system is one that any citizen of Atlanta can\\nbe proud of and can point out to strangers with satisfaction. The develop-\\nment of this company has played an important part in the growth of the\\ncity. It employs between 75 and 100 men, most of this skilled labor of the\\nhighest type. Every director of the company is a resident of Atlanta, and\\nthey are all men whose names are synonymous with the success and\\ngrowth of the city.\\nThe magnificent central power station of the company is located on\\nThurmond and Simpson streets, about a mile from the center of the city,\\nand is worth a visit. Here all the latest types of electrical apparatus may", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "6o Water and Light.\\nbe seen. The steam plant consists of six engines, aggregating 4,000-horse\\npower. There are installed thirty-three d^^namos, including all the latest\\ntypes. The company is now installing its seventh engine of a maximum\\nof 1,500-horse power. This engine will be directly connected to a 700 kilo-\\nwatt G.-E. power generator. This unit will probably be the largest and finest\\nin the South.\\nIyigt)t and Faet das-\\nTHE Atlanta Gas Works are the largest in the South, and the consump-\\ntion exceeds that of New Orleans. This is due to the low price and\\nthe extensive use of gas for cooking purposes. Atlanta was the first city to\\nhave dollar gas, and for years that has been the price. The quality for both\\nilluminating and cooking purposes is excellent and gives general satisfac-\\ntion.\\nThere are one hundred miles of mains, and of the six thousand custom-\\ners about four thousand are in the residence parts of the city. Three-fourths\\nof the households using gas use it in cooking. There are three thousand\\ngas ranges, besides hot-plates and gas-heating stoves.\\nThe total consumption is 250,000,000 cubic feet per annum, and the works\\nemploy two hundred men. Their growth has been interesting.\\nWork on the Atlanta Gas Light Company s plant was begun in the year\\n1855, the first holder being twenty feet in diameter by eighteen feet high.\\nThe last holder erected is one hundred and twenty-five feet in diameter and\\none hundred and forty feet high. The first illumination of the city by\\ngas was on Christmas eve in 1855, and a ball was given by the Atlanta Fire\\nCompany, No. 1, at Concert Hall, which was lighted by gas.\\nThe first main laid was a six-inch pipe on Marietta street to Peachtree, a\\n3-inch main running from this out Decatur street as far as Loyd street. A\\nmain was also laid on Whitehall street as far as Mitchell.\\nThe works continued in operation during the war until the bombard-\\nment of Atlanta in July, 1864, when the holder was partly destroyed by\\nshells. Joseph Warner, who was superintendent at that time, was killed\\nby a shot from the Federal army. The works were started again about\\nDecember, 1865.\\nThe earliest manufacture of gas was from rosin purchased in South\\nGeorgia. During the war pine knots, rosin and pitch were used in making\\ngas.\\nThe first office was in a frame building called Tomlinson and Barnes^\\nstore, at the corner of Wall and Whitehall streets, the site now occupied by\\nthe Centennial building. It was four or five feet above the ground, and\\nentered by a flight of wooden steps.\\nAt the reorganization of the company after the war J. M. Duncan was\\nelected president and J. H. Mecaslin secretary. In 1877 Mr. T. G. Healey\\nwas elected president. On the death of Mr. Healey in 1897 J. H. Mecaslin\\nwas elected president and W. L. Cosgrove secretary. These gentlemen are", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "Water and Light.\\n6i\\nthe present officers of the compaii} The Board of Directors is composed\\nof J. H. Mecaslin, R. J. Lowry, Edward C. Peters, Randal Morgan and\\nGeorge S. Philler.\\nAmong the earliest stockholders of the company were the City of At-\\nlanta, owning one-third, E. Holland, Wm. Helme, J. .C. White, Wra. Kidd,\\nJohn and James Lynch, Simeon Frankford, Wm. Barnes, John S. Cook,\\nT. M. Clark, Wm. Herring and John Bale.\\nTHE LARGEST GAS TANK IN THE SOUTH.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "ATLANTA CHAMBER UK COMMERCE.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "Cf)amber of Commerce.\\nDURING the thirty years of their existence, the Chamber of Commerce-\\nand its predecessor, the Board of Trade, have been active in protect-\\ning and promoting the interests of Atlanta. Meetings in the public interest\\nhave usually been called at the Chamber of Commerce, and it was there\\nthat the first meeting to organize the Cotton States and International\\nExposition was held. All important questions affecting business have\\nbeen discussed there, and a score or so of standing committees have been\\nconstituted by the chamber to look after the interests of Atlanta. The\\nChamber of Commerce is the open forum for the discussion of all matters\\nwhich affect the general welfare of the community, and in this way the\\norganization has exerted a powerful influence. Within the past season it\\noriginated the movement for national quarantine which was unanimously\\nindorsed by the National Board of Trade.\\nIt has participated regularly in the national conventions for the consid-\\neration of commercial questions, and its representatives have had an\\nimportant part in all such councils.\\nThe Atlanta Chamber of Commerce is the outgrowth of the Board of\\nTrade, which was organized when the city was just emerging from the ashes\\nof war. Sometime in the year ISGO a score of the leading men of the place\\nmet in Mr. R. M. Clarke s office, on Whitehall street. Among the firms\\nrepresented were Glenn, Wright Carr, Bell, Moore Co., A. K. Seago,\\nW. R. Phillips Co., Henderson, Chisolm Co., R. M. McPherson, W. M.\\nR. J. Lowry, W. J. Garrett, A. C. B. F. Wyly, Langston, Crane\\nHammock, Darwin G. Clark and James R. Wylie. Mr. R. M. Clarke was\\nelected president, Mr. J. S. Peterson secretary, and Mr. Perino Brown treas-\\nurer.\\nIn a short time Mr. Clarke was succeeded as president by Mr.W. M. Lowry,\\nwho remained at the head of the Board of Trade until 1871. At that time\\ndaily meetings were held and the membership numbered forty or fifty.\\nIn July, 1871, there was a reorganization and Major Benjamin E. Crane\\nwas elected president and Mr. M. E. Cooper secretary. For several years\\nthere were daily meetings at 11 o clock a. m. for the quotation of prices of\\nstaple articles of trade, and for the consideration of other business. In\\n1883 it was realized that a more elaborate organization, with more liberal\\nsupport and a more permanent home, was necessary, and, after mature\\nconsideration as the result of a reorganization, the Chamber of Commerce\\nbegan its career. This was followed by the erection of the present Chamber\\nof Commerce building and the enlargement of the membership to 206.\\nThe ground, 52^x125 feet, was bought for $13,340, and the architects", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "64 Chamber of Commerce.\\nestimate of the cost of the Inulding was $o6,5()(). The chamber issued $40,-\\nOOOof bonds and the work of construction went on. The bonded debt has\\nsince been reduced to $26,0U0.\\nThe first meeting of the Chamber of Commerce in the new building was\\nheld on January 16th, 188-3, an occasion saddened by the death of Major\\nBenjamin Crane, the president of the chamljer.\\nMajor Crane was succeeded as president by Captain R. J. Lowry, presi-\\ndent of the Lowry Banking Company, during whose term Mr. M. M. Welch\\nwas secretary. Captain Lowry was succeeded by Mr. J. G. Oglesby, during\\nwhose administration the chamber was especially active in promoting the\\ninterests of the city. He declined re-election at the expiration of his term,\\nand in July 1892 ex-Governor R. B. Bullock was elected president of the\\nChamber. He remained in office during the two years including the great\\npanic of 1893 and declined re-election at the end of the second term.\\nGovernor Bullock was succeeded by Mr. Stewart F. Woodson, who was\\nPresident of the chamber during the Cotton States and International Exposi-\\ntion. During that period the Chamber of Commerce was a host to the score or\\nmore of visiting commercial bodies that came to Atlanta during the fair.\\nOn the occasion of the reception of the Liberty bell, the Chamber of Com.\\nmerce joined the city of Atlanta in preparations for the event.\\nIn 1896 Mr. Woodson declined re-election and Mr. T. B. Neal, president\\nof the Neal Loan and Banking Co., was made president of the Chamber of\\nCommerce. A few months ago it was determined to start a new movement\\nfor the promotion of Atlanta s business interests, and preliminary steps\\nwere taken to organize a merchants and manufacturers association. After\\njoint consideration of those in and outside the chamber, it was decided\\nbest to make the move within the organization of the Chamber of Com-\\nmerce, and to enlarge and popularize the organization by temporaril}^\\nreducing the initiation fee to a nominal amount. This was done until Jan-\\nuary 1st, 1898, and the list of members grew to 300.\\nCoincident with this change in the Chamber of Commerce, designed to\\nbring in new blood, came the inauguration of a series of dinner-discussions\\nfor the consideration of important public questions. These dinners occur\\nbi-monthly and the discussions following have been notable events, attract-\\ning the attention of business men in all parts of the country. It is\\nexpected that these discussions will, within the coming year, set in motion\\ncurrents of thought and investigation that will go far to hasten the develop-\\nment of the Southern States.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "Office 5^tlding5:.\\nATLANTA S of-\\niice buildings,\\nof which the most\\nnotable have been\\nerected within the\\npast seven years, give\\na physical expression\\nof her business\\ngrowth. Within that\\nperiod a great many\\nconcerns, which had\\nheadquarters at other\\nSouthern cities, mov-\\ned to Atlanta. The\\nEquitable Building\\nhas a population of\\n1,000, and the daily\\nentrance and exit of\\nbusiness men will\\naverage several times\\nthat number. The\\nEquitable, the Aus-\\ntell Building (just\\ncompleted), the Pru-\\ndential;^ Building (in\\nprocess of erection),\\nand the English-\\nAmerican Loan and\\nTrust Com pan y s\\nBuilding, willhave a\\npopulation of 3,500\\nto 4,000 souls. These four buildings will accommodate as many people as\\nusually reside in a good-sized town. In addition to these buildings there\\nare others like the Lownes Building, Temple Court, the Grand, the Gould\\nBuilding, the Inman Building, the Kiser Building, the Fitten Building,\\nthe Hirsch Building and the Norcross Building, which are headquarters\\nfor a thousand or so of business men.\\nA decided improvement has been made in the character of office build-\\nings, and instead of the old style brick and wooden structures, the more\\nprominent buildings are steel-framed, fire-proof edifices of the most ap-\\nproved modern types. The following descriptions of the four principal of-\\nTHE EQUITABLE BUILDING.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "66\\nOffice Buildings.\\nfice buildings will give some idea of the character of construction, interior\\nfinish, and the money invested in these great edifices\\nThe Equitable Building has eight stories and a basement, making a total\\nheight of 120 feet from the sidewalk. It fronts 160 feet on North Pryor\\nstreet and 185 on Edgewood avenue, and covers a lot containing 21,000\\nsquare feet. The materials used in its construction are incombustible.\\nThe first story of the exterior is constructed with Georgia marble columns\\nthree feet in diameter The chief materials in the upper stories are bufT\\nbrick and terra cotta. The interior is constructed principally of wrought\\nsteel columns, rolled steel beams and hollow tile fire-proofing. All of the\\ninterior construction depends upon the steel columns and beams which are\\nthoroughly protected from possible heat by inclosure in burnt fire clay, and\\nseparated from the metal b} air spaces. The building is finished largely\\nwith natural oak and Georgia and Italian marble. It is equipped with\\nfour fast passenger elevators, has its own electric light plant, and is a\\nstrictly up-to-date fire-proof office building, not excelled anywhere. It cost\\nabove $600,000, contains 285 rooms, and was completed five years ago, since\\nwhich time the number of vacant rooms has not averaged one dozen.\\nThere are about 160 tenants, by whom something like 800 people are em-\\nployed.\\nThe Prudential Building, now in process of erection, is a modern fire-proof\\nt e n-s tory office\\nbuilding of i n d e-\\npendent steel con-\\nstruction. It has a\\nfrontage of eighty-\\nfive feet on Broad\\nstreet, one hundred\\nand seventy-eight on\\nWalton, eighty-eight\\nfeet on Forsyth and\\none hundred and\\ns e V e n t y-eight on\\nCustom House Place,\\ncovering an entire\\nblock. The first\\nthree stories are of\\nBedford limestone\\nand gray brick, and\\nabove this are five\\nstories of plain wall\\nsurface, which sup-\\nports the enriched\\npilasters and cor-\\nnices of t h e t w o\\nTHE PRUDENTIAL BUILDING.\\nmm m f.^ H \u00c2\u00abH H u H^\\\\\\nmr ^it jL 1 1 1 iL j|ii_ji!in_. iii i i I II i M i II r _ _-", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "Office Buildings.\\n67\\nirir^i II II II II fi\\nBiiiniii iff sif II f.\\nID I n n ii\\nTHE AUSTELL BUILDING.\\nstories above. The three principal entrances are of limestone, beautifully\\ncarved. These entrances are from Broad, Walton and Forsyth streets, and\\na fourth from Custom House Place affords access for freight and employees.\\nThe first story is arranged for banking purposes and stores, and an arcade\\nruns through the building lengthwise from Broad to Forsyth street, giving\\na double frontage for the stores, which have plate glass show-windows on\\nWalton street and on the arcade. From the second to the tenth story the\\nspace is divided into offices, which are finished in hardwood and furnished\\nwith marble lavatories, plate-glass windows and every convenience.\\nThe Austell Building is located on the Forsyth street viaduct and\\nfronts on Forsyth street under the viaduct. It is nine stories high, of modern\\nsteel and fireproof construction, and is almost altogether of home or local\\nproduction, having been designed by Atlanta architects, built by Atlanta\\ncontractors, with material furnished generally by Georgia manufacturers\\nand producers, and with labor done by home mechanics.\\nIt is equal to the best office buildings in its arrangements and con-\\nveniences, and has two hundred and six large, well-lighted and well-venti-\\nlated office rooms, besides stores on both the viaduct and the street below.\\nThe building is heated throughout by steam, lighted with electricity from\\nits own plant, and has three elevators from basement to roof. The halls,", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "68\\nOffice Buildings.\\ncorridors and stairways are finished in Georgia marble, with mosaic floors.\\nThe fireproof fioor-arches an 1 pirtition-^, of which there are 3,400 tons, is\\nthe first tireproofing made in the State. The building, in both exterior\\nappearance and interior finish and arrangements, would do credit to any\\ncity. The cost of the structure was a little more than $800 000.\\nThe English-American Loan and Trust Company s Building is a\\nmodern, fireproof, twelve story structure, and occupies the whole of a tri-\\nangular block at the junction of Broad and Peach tree streets, with a front-\\nage of 148 feet on Peachtree, 13G feet on Broad street and 60^ feet on Pop-\\nlar street. The area of the site is 4,102 square feet, and the ten floors de-\\nvoted to offices have 32, 2oO s(|uare iV ^t in rooms, besides the space taken\\nup by corridors, eleva-\\ntors, etc. In addition\\nto this, the ground-floor\\nhas 3,707 feet of space\\ndivided into stores, and\\nunder it there is a base-\\nment of the same size.\\nThere are 130 offices, and\\nthe population of the\\nbuilding will be about\\n400 when it is fully oc-\\ncupied. The main en-\\ntrances are on Peachtree\\nand Broad streets. The\\nelevators and stairways\\nascend from the center\\nof the building, and\\nevery office faces the\\nstreet and has ample\\nlight and air. The build-\\ning is of iron and steel\\nskeleton construction,\\nwith lower walls of mas-\\nsive freestone blocks and\\nsuperstructure of gray\\nbrick. The steel is of\\nthe best open-hearth\\nmake, which affords the\\ngreatest degree of elastic-\\nity and tensile strength.\\nThe outside of the frame-\\nw o r k is covered with\\nbest equality of selected\\nTHE ENGLISH -AMERICAN l.UAN AM) IRV^l CO. s BUU.DING. IndUllia limeStOnC.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "(Atlanta s Daih^ Nevspaper5.\\nENTERPRIS-\\ning newspa-\\npers have much to-\\ndo with the growth\\nof any communit}\\nand this is especial-\\nly true of Atlanta,\\nFor twenty years the\\ndaily newspapers of\\nAtlanta have led the\\nvan of the Southern\\npress and have had\\nmuch to do with the\\ndevelopment of the\\nsurrounding coun-\\ntry. There are three\\ndaily newspapers in.\\nAtlanta, The Const i\\ntutlon, which is tha-\\nmorning paper, The\\nJournal, which is the\\nmost important eve-\\nning newspaper in\\nthe Southern States,,\\nand The Commercial,.\\nwhich is a sprightly\\nafternoon d a i 1 y.\\nThe Atlanta Consti-\\ntution has an inter-\\nesting history, and\\nhas been the means\\nof bringing into prominence several men of national reputation. It was\\non this paper that Henry W. Grady did his great work. It is unnecessary\\nto speak of his career, for it is known to the whole country. In his\\nhands The Conditution was especially powerful as a developer of the\\nresources of the Piedmont region, as well as a strong factor in\\npolitics. Grady s genius has left its impress on the literary circles\\nTHE CONSTITUTION BUILDING.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "70\\nAtlanta s Daily Newspapers.\\nof the city, and The Comtitutlon under its present njanagement is\\none of the leading morning papers of the country. Other writers of\\nnational reputation who have developed on this paper are Joel Chandler\\nHarris, whose stories are read in every English speaking country, and\\nFrank L. Stanton, whose verse is probably more generally quoted and read\\nthan that of any poet now writing for the American newspaper press.\\nThe Evenivg Journal fills a unique field, somewhat broader than that\\nusually occupied by evening newspapers. It is an enterprising newspaper\\nof large circulation, and has been a powerful factor in the politics not only\\nof this State, but of the entire country. It had much to do with bringing\\nabout the nomination of Grover Cleveland for presidet in 1S92, and its\\nprincipal owner, Mr. Hoke Smith, was selected by Mr. Cleveland as the\\nman to represent Georgia in the cabinet.\\nThe Commercial is a. younger paper than either of the other two, but\\nhas already attracted attention by its pungent editorials and its indepen-\\ndent spirit.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "Cdttcational Pacilitie^.\\nboys high school.\\nH E facilities\\nfor education\\nat Atlanta will com-\\npare favorably with\\nthose of any city of\\nthe same size, and\\nin addition to an\\nexcellent system of\\ngrammar schools\\nand high schools,\\ninclude several tech-\\nnical schools, nota-\\nbly the Georgia In-\\nstitute of Technol\\nogy, which is abreast\\nof its class. With\\nthese are several fine\\nlibraries. The\\nYoung Men s Libra-\\nry, containing 15,-\\n000 volumes, unusually well selected, and the State Library, containing\\n60,000 volumes, accessible to the public, besides the libraries in variou:*\\nschools and institutions, supplement the educational work of the schools.\\nAtlanta is surrounded by educational suburbs, which have numerous\\ninstitutions for higher education. Among these are the Southern Military\\nCollege and the Southern Female College, located at College Park, a subur-\\nban town which was founded exclusively for the purpose of giving educa-\\ntional advantages to the people in and about Atlanta. Both of these are\\nflourishing schools, with high curriculums and strong faculties. The\\nAgnes Scott Institute at Decatur, another suburb of Atlanta, has for a\\nnumber of years been in successful operation. It was founded by Mr. George\\nW. Scott, of this city, a brother of the late Thomas Scott, for a long time\\npresident of the Pennsylvania railroad and formerly United States Senator\\nfrom Pennsylvania.\\nT lie Public Schools.\\nNothing shows the growth of Atlanta more clearly than that of the pub-\\nlic school system. A comparative statement furnished by the superintend-\\nent shows that in a decade, between December 1st, 1S87, and December", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "72\\nEducational I ^acilities\\nGIRLS HIGH SCHOOL.\\nin negro grammar schools from l,(il4 to Li, 002.\\nhas increased from 5,151 to 10,400.\\nThe attendance has grown as lollows High\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0svhite grammar schools, from 3,000 to 7,00.S i)e\\n1.000 to -2,999, and\\ntotal attendance\\nfrom 4,250 to 10,(55:\\nThe average per\\ncent, of attendance\\nhas improved, and\\ninstead of being 93\\n76-100 per cent., is\\n97 12-100 per cent.\\nThe total expen\\nditures for 1 887 were\\n$61,057.75. InlS .ii;\\nthey were $198,747.-\\n98. The a m o u n t\\nreceived from the\\nState school fund bv\\n1 st 1897, thp system grew\\na-; follows\\nTwo new high schools\\nnave been built and the\\nnumber of teachers has\\nincreased from 9 to 19.\\nInstead of 7 white gram-\\nmar schools, there are 18,\\nand the number of teach-\\ners has increased from\\n62 to 153. Instead of 3\\nnegro grammar schools,\\nwith 23 teachers, there\\nare 5 with 40 teachers.\\nThe total number of\\nschools has increased\\nfrom 12 to 25 and the\\nteachers from 91 to 212.\\nThe seating capacity\\nill the high schools in\\nIS,S7 was 397. In 1897\\nit is 781. In white gram-\\nmar schools it has grown\\nfrom 3,140 to 7,617, and\\nThe total seating capacity\\nschools from 250 to 646\\njro uramniar schools, from\\nI .D ;i-.\\\\\\\\( (ID .w i .MK (;ram .\\\\i; school", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "Educational Facilities.\\n73\\nTHE SOUTHERN FEMALE COLLEGE.\\nAtlanta in 1S97 was $3],2( The remainder of the amount expended\\nwas raised by local taxation and appropriated by the city council.\\nThe efficiency of the teaching corps is maintained by normal exercises\\nheld under the direction of the Superintendeat every Saturday. These\\nexercises are allotted to different teachei s for different weeks, so that there\\nis a separate class for every Saturday. The system is controlled by a board\\nof education elected by the general council of the city, and this has for\\nyears been filled by men eminent in their respective pursuits. At present\\nthe board is presided over by Hon. Hoke Smith, ex-Secretary of the Inte-\\nrior.\\nThe SoHtJieru Female Collef/e.\\nThe Southern Female College is located at College Park, an ideal resi-\\ndence and educational suburb founded seven years ago. This institution\\nis the nucleus around which the community grew up, and is one of the\\nmost successful female colleges in the South. It has a faculty of thirty\\nteachers, and there are three courses of study a college of liberal arts, a\\nschool of fine arts and a school of practical arts. The college of liberal\\narts embraces ten schools, including eight languages and the various\\nbranches of natural science, with courses in literature and belles-lettres. The\\nschools of fine arts and practical arts embrace the subjects which their\\nnames indicate. In fine arts the institution is famous, especially for its\\nmusical department, which includes instruction in vocal music and on the\\npiano, organ, harp, violin, violincello and double bass, guitar, cornet, clario-\\nnet, flute, etc. With these come instruction in harmony, the theory and\\nhistory of music, with elocution, penmanship, drawing and painting. A\\nspecial feature of the musical department is a ladies orchestra, consisting", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "74 Educational Facilities.\\nof thirty-two pieces. They render in artistic style difficult selections from\\nthe masters, and for t\\\\vent3^-fiv e years have delighted critical audiences.\\nTheir Southern tours and later renditions at the Atlanta Exposition and\\nelsewhere have attracted wide attention.\\nThe school of practical arts includes seven branches, such as dressmak-\\ning, cooking, bookkeeping, typewriting and stenography.\\nIn connection with this school there is normal instruction for pupils who\\ndesire to make teaching their profession.\\nThe attendance is large, and at times has included two hundred students\\nfrom a distance, besides local pupils. The institution draws its patronage\\nfrom Georgia, Alabama, South Carolina, North Carolina, Florida, Missis-\\nsippi, Texas, Missouri, West Virginia, New York, Cuba and Mexico.\\nThe location is a commanding eminence on a thirty-acre campus, which\\nhas a frontage of one thousand feet on the Atlanta and West Point Rail-\\nroad. The site of the college building is thirteen hundred feet above the\\nsea level, two hundred feet higher than the highest portions of Atlanta.\\nThe college building is the largest in Georgia, and one of the largest in\\nthe Southern States. It is a four-story structure of brick and stone, two\\nhundred and forty feet long, one hundred feet wide at the ends and one\\nhundred and forty feet wide at tlie center, with a dome rising above the\\nfourth floor. A passenger elevator gives quick and easy access to the upper\\nstories, and the entire building is equipped with water pipes and electric\\nlights. There are a spacious chapel, a commodious library of five thousand\\nvolumes, a museum with eight thousand natural history specimens, and\\nwell equipped chemical and physical laboratories. The musical equipment\\nincludes a large pipe organ and forty-six pianos, and the art studios are\\nfurnished with statuary, casts and models. This institution has its own\\nwaterworks, and its electric light and steam-heating plants, and the clock\\nin the tower not only strikes the hours, but rings the changes for recita-\\ntions on electric bells in the recitation rooms. The college is connected by\\ntelephone with Atlanta, and a convenient schedule gives opportunity for\\nattendance upon the lectures of the Atlanta Lyceum Association and other\\nevents of educational value in the city.\\nThe Agnes Scott Institute.\\nThe Agnes Scott Institute is located at Decatur, one of the most charm-\\ning of Atlanta s suburbs. The building is in the center of a five-acre cam-\\npus, in the midst of a grove of beautiful oaks. The structure is four stories\\nhigh, of brick and marble, and well built throughout. It has telephonic\\nconnection with Atlanta, and is easily accessible by the Georgia Railroad\\nand two electric lines from the city. The main building is 190x54 feet,\\nand is heated by steam, furnished with electric lights, well ventilated and\\nfurnished with hot and cold water and all modern conveniences. The dor-\\nmitory rooms are carpeted and finished in solid oak. The recitation rooms", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "Educational Facilities.\\n75\\nTHE AGNES SCOTT INSTITUTE.\\nand chapel occupy the first floor and the upper stories constitute the dor-\\nmitory. This institution was founded seven years ago by Colonel George W.\\nScott, of Atlanta, who named it in honor of his mother, Mrs. Agnes Scott.\\nThe buildings and grounds cost $120,000, and the institution is self-sus-\\ntaining. It draws its patronage of 230 students from the States of Geor-\\ngia, Alabama, Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina, Louisiana, Missis-\\nsippi, Pennsylvania, Arkansas, Illinois and Colorado, about one-fourth of\\nthem coming from States other than Georgia. The faculty is composed of\\nseventeen teachers, and the curriculum compares favorably with that of\\nsimilar institutions. The work done is thorough, and the reputation of\\nthe institution has steadily grown since its foundation.\\nTlie If asJiinfftoti, Seuuiiurij.\\nThis institution, which occupies a handsome building at the corner of\\nWalton and Fairiie streets, has in a comparatively few years attained an en-\\nviable position, and its reputation for educational work of a high character\\nis well established. In 1897 there were nineteen teachers and a total at-\\ntendance of 195 students from Georgia and adjacent States. Several of the\\nteachers are graduates of Vassar and Wellesley colleges, and others were ed-\\nucated in foreign schools of reputation. The course is divided into primary,\\nintermediate and collegiate departments, with courses of study including", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "76\\nEducational Facilities.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2JUL WASHINGTON SEMINARY.\\nschools of English,\\nEnglish literature,\\nmathematics, ancient\\nlanguages, modern\\nlanguages, science, his-\\ntory, music, art and\\nreading, oratory and\\nphysical culture. The\\nprincipal, Mrs. \\\\V. T.\\nChandler, occupies the\\nchair of French, mental\\nand moral philosophy,\\nhistory and art. Under\\nher management the\\nschool has built up an\\nenviable reputation.\\nIts attendance is com-\\nposed of the daugh-\\nters of the best fami-\\nlies of Atlanta and\\nother communities.\\nThe Southern Military College.\\nThe Southern Military College is located at College Park, R-ithin a short\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0distance of the Southern Female College, and is intended to furnish for\\nbo3 S educational facilities similar to those afforded b3 the latter institution.\\nThe course includes the regular college curriculum, with a preparatory de-\\npartment and grammar school in adilition. The departments are as fol-\\nlows Collegiate, preparatory, grammar school, primary school, military\\ndepartment, normal department, school of elocution and oratory, school of\\nmusic, and commercial\\nschool. In the collegi-\\nate department there\\nare classical, p h i 1 o\\nsophical, scientific and\\nliterary courses. The\\nfaculty includes ten well\\nequipped teachers, and\\nthe total attendance is\\n129, principally from\\nGeorgia, with a few from\\nFlorida, Alabama, Mis-\\nsissippi, New Jerse} and\\nNew York, and two from\\nSouth America.\\nMii.i: AUY coi.1,1 (;i:.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "Educational Facilities.\\nn\\nThe Touug Men s Library,\\nThis institution was founded about thirty years ago, and has from the\\nfirst filled a large sphere of usefulness. It was founded by private sub-\\nscription, and owns\\nproperty valued at\\nabout \u00c2\u00a760,0CI0, of\\nwhich apart i s\\nmoney at interest\\nthe proceeds\\nwhich are used in\\nthe purchase of new\\nbooks. The libra-\\nry building is on\\nMarietta street, not\\nfar from the bnsi\\nness center. This\\ninstitution has\\nabout 1-5,000 vol-\\nnmes, covering a\\nwide range of literature. The book circulation is very large, and the read-\\ning rooms are frequented by members of reading clubs. A careful\\ncount is kept of the books of each class in circulation, and the selections of\\nnew books are naade with a view to stimulate reading of the best class. A great\\nimprovement is noticeable in this respect within the past five years. For-\\nTHE TOUSG MENS LIBKAKY.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "yS Educational Facilities.\\nmerly a very large proportion of the books read were novels. While stand-\\nard works of fiction are still largely read, there is a much greater demand\\nfor historical, biographical and scientific works.\\nAuxiliary to this institution is a club organized by its directors, known\\nas the Saturday Night Club, in which it is customary to debate questions\\nof timely interest, usually topics before Congress or those in which the\\npublic mind is for the time especially interested.\\nThis institution carries on through appropriate committees several lines\\nof important work, including university extension lectures, popular lec-\\ntures and historical collections. Several years ago, by the co-operation of\\nprofessors in the University of Georgia, a series of university extension\\nlectures was given in the rooms of the Library, and the experiment was\\nconsidered a success. It is expected that work on this line will be renewed\\nat no distant day.\\nThe State Library.\\nThe State Library, occupying one of the handsomest public halls in the\\nCapitol, is considered the best law library in the Southern States. It con-\\ntains 65,000 volumes, of which about half are law books, and about half\\nmiscellaneous works and Government and State documents. The law\\nlibrary includes the Supreme Court reports of every State in the\\nUnion, with the Federal reports and the English and Irish reports, be-\\nsides all the standard text-books and digests, and the statutes of the differ-\\nent States.\\nThere are comparatively few books in the line of general literature, but\\nthere are some historical works of great value, including the De Renne\\ncollection of works on Georgia and the Southeastern States, written in colo-\\nnial times. The purchases of law books are under the supervision of\\nthe Supreme Court, and the law library is kept supplied with the latest\\neditions of tha best books.\\nThe Georgia School of Technology.\\nThis school was founded in 1885 by a State appropriation of $G5,000, sup-\\nplemented by a gift of $50,000 from Atlanta. Last year the State added a\\ndormitor}^ costing S15,00(), and appropriated an additional sum for the elec\\ntrical apparatus. The school is well equipped with scientific apparatus and\\nhas an especially strong department of electrical engineering. A movement\\nis on foot to add a textile department, and a bill for an appropriation to\\nthat end recently passed the Georgia legislature. Adjacent to the academic\\nstructure is a well-appointed and well-e(juipped machine shop, in which\\nwood-working and up-to-date machine work in iron, brass and other metals\\nis regularly dijne by students, who divide their time between academic\\nstudies and work in the shop. The machine shop, in })lant and equipment,\\nwas modeled after the Lowell Institute of Technology, and is one of the\\nbest of its kind. The standard in work and in teaching is high, andgradu-", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "Educational Facilities.\\n79\\nTHE GEORGIA SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY,\\nates of this institution are at no disadvantage in competition with those\\nof the best technical schools of the country. A large majority of them are\\nfilling important and remunerative positions in the line of their training\\nThe school is supported by the State and is a branch of the University of\\nGeorgia. It receives an annual appropriation of $22,500 from the State and\\n$2,500 from the city of Atlanta, and has an attendance of about 200.\\nThe school has seventy graduates engaged in engineering pursuits in\\nthis and other States. Most of them are superintendents of mills, machine\\nshops or manufacturing enterprises of some kind. Several occupy profes-\\nsorships in technical schools in other States. The graduates have ranked\\nhigh as specialists, and have taken their place easily and quickly in the\\nproductive enterprises of the country. They are earning good salaries and\\ndoing fine work for the concerns with which they are engaged.\\nTlie Medical and Dental Colleges.\\nAtlanta has fine facilities for the study of medicine, surgery and dentistry.\\nThere are three medical colleges whose aggregate attendance is something\\nover 600 students. They have able faculties, and their relations with the\\nGrady Hospital afford fine opportunities for clinical instruction. Each\\ncollege has ample facilities for the study of anatomy, and subjects are pro-\\nvided by the State law which authorizes the authorities of the Georgia pen-\\nitentiar}^ to turn over to the medical colleges all unclaimed bodies of de-\\nceased convicts. These bodies are kept for sixty days in preserving fluid,\\nand at the end of that time, if still unclaimed, are subjects for dissection.\\nThe Atlanta Medical College and the Southern Medical College are of\\nthe regular or allopathic school, and the Georgia College of Electic Medi-", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "8o\\nEducational Facilities.\\nt WW\\nn^\\n\\\\m\\nTHE SOUTIIKKN MKDICA!. C( H.l.KGE.\\ncine and Surgery is what its nnme indicates. Each of these institution\\nhas a substantial building, and their faculties are composed of the ablest\\nphysicians in the city.\\nThe dental departments send out every year several score of graduates.\\nThe excellence of these colleges is evidenced b}^ the fact that their at-\\ntendance comes from all parts of the Southern States.\\nThe State Board of Medical Examiners has done much to elevate the\\nstandard of the medical profession in this State. No one can practice med-\\nicine in (Georgia, without passing an examination by this board, which is\\ncomposed of eminent i)hysicians appointed by the Governor. A State\\nBoard of Dental Examiners has just been created by law-\\nInstitation^ for tt)e Cdacation of tl)e Negro.\\nATLANTA is making the most of the negro, and not only provides rudi-\\nmentary education for colored children in public schools, but has six\\ninstitutions of higher education elaborately equipped and liberally endowed.\\nThese are the Atlanta University, Spelman Seminary, Clark University,\\nGammon Theological Seminary, Morris Brown College and the Atlanta\\nBaptist College. The Chancellor of the University of Georgia has\\nrepeatedly stated that in equipment and in faculty these institu-\\ntions are full\\\\^ equal, if not superior, to the University of CJeorgia and\\nthe other colleges for the education of white people. It is important to\\nknow that in two of these institutions the })ractical side of education re-\\nceives much attention. At Clark University and at Spelman Seminary\\nnegro men are taught various trades and negro women are trained, not\\nonly in all kinds of domestic economy, but as nurses for hospitals, etc.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "Educational Facilities.\\n8i\\nCLARK UNIVERSITY WARREN HALL.\\nClark Vniversify.\\nEarly in the year\\n1869 a primary\\nschool was opened\\nin Clark Chapel,\\non Fraser street, by\\nRev. James W. Lee\\nand wife. The\\nchapel, an ordinary\\nwooden structure,\\nhas long since dis-\\nappeared, and the\\nground on which it\\nstood is occupied\\nby tenement\\nhouses. The school\\nthus started, proving a success, was adopted by the Freed men s Aid Society,\\nand has been supported by that society up to date. In the course of its-\\ndevelopment the institution changed sites several times.\\nA charter was secured in 1877, when the institution w\\\\as named Clark\\nUniversity, in honor of Bishop D. W. Clark, who visited this section of\\ncountry shortly af-\\nter the war, and or-\\nganized the South-\\nern CO n feren c e s.\\nHis library is now\\na part of the libra-\\nry of the school.\\nOn the 10th of\\nFebruary, 1880,\\nthe corner-stone of\\nChrisman Hall\\nwas laid, and Bish-\\nop Matthew Simp-\\nson delivered the\\naddress. This\\nbuilding was large\\nly the gift of Mrs.\\nEliza Chrisman, of\\nTopeka, Kansas.\\nWarren Hall, the\\nlarge dormitor}^ for\\ngirls, was named\\nfor Bishop Henry\\nW. Warren w h o\\nCLARK UNIVLKSITY CHRISMAN HALL.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "32 Educational Facilities.\\nraised a considerable part of the funds to erect it. The entire credit\\nmust also be given to Bishop Warren for the establishment of the industrial\\nplant in connection with the university. Beginning in narrow quarters,\\nthe industrial department soon found another friend in the person of Mr.\\nStephen Ballard, of Brooklyn, New York, who erected its main building,\\nknown as Ballard Hall. The property of the school is valued at S4U0,0U0.\\nInstruction has been given to about seven hundred students. Of these,\\ntwenty have been graduated from the college course, seventy-six from the\\nnormal and preparatory and twenty from the industrial. The large majority\\nofthe graduates are either teaching or preaching, while those from the indus-\\ntrial department are following the trades for which they fitted themselves.\\nThe Atlanta University.\\nThe Atlanta University was incorporated in 1867 and opened in 1869.\\nIt is a Christian institution, unsectarian in its management, and wholly\\ncontrolled by an independent board of trustees. It owns four large brick\\nbuildings, on sixty-five acres of land, one mile from the center of the city.\\nIt has a library of ten thousand volumes, apparatus and other equipment,\\nthe total value of the whole property being perhaps $250,000. The en-\\ndowment is only about $33,000, most of which is for the purpose of aiding\\nneedy students. The attendance is about 300, all in the upper depart-\\nments, as the lower departments were dropped in 1894. The number of\\ngraduates is 317. These, with hundreds of past undergraduates, are\\nengaged in teaching, in preaching, in business, and in other useful work\\nin Georgia and surrounding States.\\nSpeltnan Seminary.\\nSpelman Seminary, located within the city limits on a commanding em-\\ninence, removed from the noise and bustle of business, is one of the most\\nimportant of the institutions for the education of the negro at Atlanta.\\nUnder the presidency of Miss Hariet E. Giles it has obtained a high degree\\nof efficiency. It has graduated a number of young women who are earn-\\ning lucrative salaries as trained nurses, and good wages in industrial pur-\\nsuits. The school for the training of nurses is one of the most important\\nin this section. It is under the direction of graduates of the Nurse s Train-\\ning School of Illinois, and the Cook County Presbyterian Hospital of Chi-\\ncago. The industrial department includes training in the best domestic\\nwork; cooking, housekeeping and sewing, and in printing and dressmaking.\\nTraining on these practical lines is accompanied by instruction in En-\\nglish studies and by normal training for those who desire to become\\nteachers. There are the usual academic and college courses, with an es-\\npecial training course for missionaries. The institution has 248 graduates\\nin the difterent departments.\\nGammon Theological Seminary.\\nGammon Theological Seminary was founded in 1883. Ilev. W. P. Thir-\\nkield, A.M., D.D., has been president from its opening till now. It has had\\nremarkable growth, and is one ofthe strongest and best endowed institutions", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "Educational Facilities.\\n83\\nTHE ATLA.NTA UMVKRbiTV.\\nof its kind in the country. Its grounds and buildings are valued at $100,000\\nand the library building contains over 11,000 volumes, constituting the finest\\ntheological library in the South. The endowment of the institution is\\nfully $600,000, and its work is entirely theological. It has over 100 gradu-\\nates, holding prominent positions in the leading towns and cities of the South.\\nThe total attendance for the year 1896-97 was 86, representing seventeen\\nStates and two foreign countries and 28 different colleges.\\nThe Atlanta Baptist College,\\nThis institution was founded at Augusta, Georgia, in May, 1867, w^here\\nit continued until the fall of 1879, when it was removed to Atlanta, incor-\\nporated, and named the Atlanta Baptist Seminary. It continued to oper-\\nate under this name until the spring of 1897, when, in consequence of\\nGAMMON THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "84\\nEducational Facilities.\\nhaving dveloped into a college and graduating its first A. B. men, it was\\nre-named the Atlanta Baptist College.\\nThe institution was established originally for the education of preachers\\nand such teachers as could be profitably classed with them but in order to\\nmeet the growing demands of the colored people for educated men in other\\nwalks of life, its scope has been broadened and it trains men for teaching\\nand for business as well as for the ministry. The courses taught are the En-\\nglish preparatory, the teachers professional course conjointly with Spelman\\nSeminary, and the academic, collegiate and theological.\\nThe average yearly attendance is 150. Located at the corner of West\\nFair street at Chestnut, it owns fourteen acres of land, near the center of\\nwhich stands a well-constructed building 170 feet long, and four stories\\nhigh above the basement. The property is valued at $60,000, and the\\ncollege has $25,000 of endowment.\\n3/orris Brown College.\\nMorris Brown College was founded in 1880 by minister s of the African\\nMethodist Episcopal Church and is the property of that denomination. In\\n1881 the first building was begun, and within a year was completed. Ten\\nyears later another building was erected and the institution has attained a\\nhigh degree of usefulness, with an extensive patronage. The attendance\\nis 422 students, of whom IGTare male and 255 are female.\\nThe courses of instruction include theology and law, in addition to the\\nusual academic studies. The cost of the building and grounds was about\\n$30,000, and for a period of eighteen years the institution has been main-\\ntained without an endowment.\\nThe work is divided into theological, law, collegiate, scientific, academic,\\nnormal, missionai-y, English, music and industrial departments. The\\nfaculty is composed of fourteen professors and teachers. The institution if\\ncontrolled by a board of trustees elected by the three Gieorgia conferences of\\nthe African Methodist Episcopal Church.\\n\\\\j^A\\nA 11, AM A I.AI IISI UMVKRSITV.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "BROOKWOOD A SUBURBAN RESIDENCE.\\nResidential (Advantages.\\nTHE advantages of residence in Atlanta include many things which\\nliave attracted people from all parts of the United States, and these\\nsubjects are appropriately treated at length in other chapters. Among\\nthem are the climatic advantages, the bracing air, the unusual elevation,\\nthe undulating character of the country affording easy drainage, the fine\\nsanitary system which supplements natural; advantages, police and fire\\ndepartments of unusual efficiency, a waterworks system hardly equalled\\nelsewhere in the South, superior educational facilities, strong fraternal,\\nreligious and social organizations, fine public libraries, magnificent theaters,,\\nin which the best artists regularly appear, the Lyceum Bureau Courses and\\nother lectures, enterprising daily newspapers which stand first in the South-\\nern States, rapid transit affording easy and quick access to the business cen-\\nter, the churches and the theaters from all parts of the city, a community\\nof high-class merchants whose enterprise affords extraordinary facilities for\\nshopping, and markets unsurpassed in the South, at which the best of vege-\\ntables, meats, fish and game are regularly supplied at reasonable prices.\\nWith all these advantages is the distinctive spirit of the people, an orderly\\nhome-owning, hospitable people, inspired with an incomparable public\\nspirit, which balks at no enterprise and welcomes every honest man, rich\\nor poor, who comes to add his efforts to the energetic life of the communit}\\nA Cosinopolitaii City.\\nAtlanta is a cosmopolitan city, more so than any other in the Southern\\nStates. Almost every State in the North and West and every country of\\nEurope is represented among the residents, and people from a distance find\\ncongenial companionship, no matter whence they come. The colored\\npopulation composes about 40 per cent, of the whole, and consists almost\\nentirely of working people. A few are preachers, teachers and professional\\nmen, with a sprinkling of lawyers and politicians. The negroes, as a rule\\ndo the domestic service, but within the past few years the number of white", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "S6\\nResidential Advantages.\\nRESIDE^\u00e2\u0080\u00a2CE OK MR. WALKER\\nservants has largely in\\ncreased, and it is not\\ndifficult to get efficient\\nwhite help when this\\nis desired.\\nThe negroes reside\\nprincipally in the first,\\nthird and fourth wards,\\nwhere they are almost\\nentirely separate from\\nthe white population.\\nThere are separate\\nschools ibr colored peo\\npie, and they have their\\nown churches and as-\\nsembly halls. There\\nis seldom any friction between the two races and persons from a dis-\\ntance who have been accustomed to regard the race problem as a\\nvexed question, continually causing trouble, are astonished to see\\nwith what little jar and friction the two races live side by side in the\\nsame community, separate and distinct in their social life, but more or less\\nthrown together in business.\\nWhile the presence of a large body of negroes renders the per capita\\nwealth of a community somewhat smaller than it would be in a city occu-\\npied wholly by white people, it is a notable fact that beggars in Atlanta\\n.are very rare, more so than in cities of the same size in other States, where\\nthere is more wealth and a population almost entirely white. While the\\nscale of wages is somewhat lower, there are comparatively few unemployed,\\nand as the expense of living is considerably less than in colder States, there\\nare few families with-\\nout an abundance of\\nthe necessaries and a\\nmoiety of the comforts\\nof life.\\nThe people are thrif-\\nty and have a habit of\\nliving within their in-\\ncomes. The bulk of\\nthe white population\\nis composed of ele-\\nments which have,\\ncome from Georgia and\\nsurrounding States\\nduring the past thirty\\nyears. Very few adult\\ncitizens of Atlanta were residence c.e uk. a. w. calhoun.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "Residential Advantages.\\n87\\nRESIDENCE OF JUDGE HENRY K. TOMPKINS.\\nborn here and the popu-\\nlation represents large-\\nly the enterprising ele-\\nments of other com-\\nmunities which have\\ncome to Atlanta for a\\nlarger field for eflfort.\\nBlended with these\\nsturdy contributions of\\nthe Southern States\\nare others from every\\nsection of the country,\\nand in almost every\\nbusiness or social gath-\\nering ofany extent\\nhalf the States in the\\nUnion are represented.\\nThese diverse elements, composed of the best and most enterprising peo-\\nple from all parts of this and other countries, give to Atlanta that life and\\nvigor which always results from the union of different strong individuals,,\\nclasses or races. Instead of producing friction and continual jar, as some-\\nmight suppose, the very diversity of these elements gives the city that\\nvigorous and progressive spirit which makes it easily first of all Southern\\ncommunities in the race of progress.\\nLaiv and Order.\\nAtlanta is an orderly\\ncity and scenes of mob\\nviolence have never\\noccurred here. There\\nhas never been a lynch-\\ning or a forcible rescue\\nof prisoners, and the\\nbloody scenes which\\nhave saddened the his-\\ntory of other communi-\\nties are wholly absent,\\nfrom the records of\\nAtlanta s life. The\\npublic order is to some\\nextent due to the solu-\\ntion of the problem of\\nregulating the liquor\\ntraffic. After several\\nhard-fought contests on\\nTHE governor s MANSION. thlS SUbjCCt thC CitlZC U S", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "S8\\nResidential Advantages.\\nRESIDENCE OF MR. S. M. INMAN.\\nhave, by common con-\\nsent, settled upon a sys-\\ntem of control by high\\nlicense, with limited\\nhours of sale, and the\\nprohibition of all\\nscreens in front of sa-\\nloons. The license in\\nAtlanta is fixed at $1,000\\nper year, and this brings\\nthe sale of liquor into\\nthe hands of responsi-\\nble parties. They are\\nl)y law prohibited from\\nselling liquor after 10\\no clock p. M., and on\\nelection days and legal\\nholidays. The presence\\nof a minor in a saloon\\nis prima facie evidcnceof the sale of liquor to him and this rule is effective in\\npreventing the sale of liquor to minors. Drunkenness on the street is not\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0common, and though considerable liquor is sold here, it is under as effective\\n;ontrol as seems to be compatible with an amicable adjustment of this\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0difficult question.\\nDelightful CI i mate\\nAmong other residential advantages the substantial character of public\\nimprovements and th e well paved and well kept streets cut no small figure\\nand add much to the\\nhealth and comfort of\\nthe people. Atlanta s\\nfine air and elevation,\\nand the excellent hotels,\\nfine hospitals, sanator-\\niums and infirmaries\\nhave gone far to make\\nthis city a health resort\\nin the summer and\\nwinter. The tempera-\\nture at Atlanta in sum-\\nmer is almost always\\nlower than in the cities\\nof the Middle States.\\nFor example, there are\\nfew days during the\\nheated term when it is\\nnot cooler in Atlanta KEsn)ENCE of mr. kuin w. grant.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "Residential Advantages.\\n89\\nTHE KIMBALL HOUSE.\\nthan at Columbus, Ohio, and the summer temperature is far below that of\\nSt. Louis and Cincinnati. The cool, bracing air, coming from the foothills\\nof the Blue Ridge, has an invigorating effect on the people, and goes far to\\ngive them that bodily vigor and mental alertness so distinctive in Atlan\\ntians. Winter tourists often stop at Atlanta on their way to Florida, and\\nfrequently spend some time here in the spring on the return trip. The ex.\\ncellent service at the hotels and the fine I acilities for medical treatment at\\nthe sanatoriums and hospitals, not equalled this side of Baltimore, make\\nthis a very comfortable stopping place for invalids.\\nJfofeln and Board inr/ Houses.\\nAtlanta has two first-class hotels, the Kimball and the Hotel Aragon\\nFor years the Kimball House has been the leading hostelry of the Southern\\nStates, and under its present management the service is kept up to a high\\nstandard of excellence. The original Kimball House was built about\\nthirty years ago, but was burned in the summer of 1883. The present\\nbuilding, covering almost an entire block, was completed between the\\nburning of the old structure and iVugust, 1894. It is seven stories high\\nabove the basement and has 440 rooms. This hotel is the political head-\\nquarters for Georgia and is the rendezvous for all sorts of gatherings of a", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "go Residential Advantages.\\npublic nature. Many important enterprises have been initiated at meetings\\nheld in its parlors. President Cleveland was entertained there on his first\\nvisit to Atlanta in 1887, and many distinguished guests have honored the\\nhotel with their presence.\\nThe Hotel Aragon was completed in 1894. It is to Atlanta what the\\nHotel Waldorf is to New York, and is a favorite with tourists. In 1895\\nPresident Cleveland and many distinguished guests of the city and the\\nExposition were entertained there. The cuisine is equal to that of the best\\nhotels of this country and the service is kept up to a high standard. The\\nhotel has HliO rooms and is six stories high.\\nIn addition to these there are six or eight smaller hotels, well kept and\\nat moderate rates, where visitors may be accommodated at prices within\\nthe reach of almost any purse. They are located within two to five minutes\\nwalk of the union passenger depot, and are conveniently near the business\\ncenter.\\nAtlanta is vvell supplied with high-class boarding houses, located, as a\\nrule, within five minutes walk of the business center. Here accommoda-\\ntions may be had according to the taste and purse of almost any one.\\nThe Sweetwater Park Hotel, located at Lithia Springs, some twenty\\nmiles from Atlanta, is one of the most famous summer resorts in the South-\\nern States. It has become popular, not only with the people of Atlanta\\nand Georgia, but is growing in favor as a resort for both winter and sum\\nmer. Like the leading hotels of Atlanta, it is a stopping place, going and\\ncoming, for tourists bound for Florida. The grounds are large and l)eauti-\\nfully improved, and the hotel is of the picturesque inn type. The illustra-\\ntion shows the beauty of the situation. One attraction of the place is\\nthe lithia water of the famous Bowden Spring, the curative proper-\\nties of which are known throughout the United States. The water is\\nshipped in all directions and is sold in bottles and casks. The hotel is, to\\nsome extent, a sanitarium, and invalids go there to rest. The hotel is ele-\\ngant in all its appointments and the service is kept up to a high standard.\\nClimatic Conditions.\\nTHE situation of Atlanta on the ridge which divides the watershed\\nof the Atlantic ocean from that of the Gulf of Mexico, by its ele-\\nvation, gives the climate a breezy and bracing freshness that has much to\\ndo with the health and vigor of the people. The altitude at the union\\npassenger depot is 1,052 feet above sea level, and on many of the residence\\nstreets it exceeds 1,100 feet. The surrounding country is rolling and\\neasily drains itself, leaving the air free from malaria. So pronounced is\\nthe difference between the atmosphere here and at points of lower altitude\\nthat it has given rise to the belief that Atlanta enjoys immunity from\\nepidemics to which the coast regions are subject. Though physicians differ", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "Residential Advantages.\\nHOTEL ARAGO.^.\\non this question, it is a fact that for a number of ears the city has left its\\ngates open to yellow fever refugees, and though thousands of them passed\\nthrough Atlanta, hundreds stopping here, not a single case of fever has\\never developed in a resident of this city. The altitude and topographical\\nposition of Atlanta account for the fact that the summer temperature here\\nis lower than in most cities of the middle States.\\nThe United States Weather office was opened in Atlanta October 1st,\\n1878, eight years ter the first organization of the National Weather\\nService. The importance of the Atlanta office has increased year by year\\nuntil now it ranks as the most important station in the South, and is\\nfully equipped with all the latest and most approved instruments for\\nobtaining the various atmospheric phenomena. Atlanta is the headquarters\\nof the Georgia Section of the National Climate and Crop Service and has\\nunder its supervision nearly one hundred observers scattered over the\\nState. It is the Section Center of the river service of Georgia and issues\\nforecasts of approaching floods to towns along the river courses. These\\nwarnings have proved of much benefit and have been the means of saving\\nthousands of dollars worth of property to persons in the river sections of\\nGeorgia. Atlanta is the distributing point for the daily forecasts, not\\nonly for this State, but also for Alabama and South Carolina. Over one\\nhundred telegrams are sent daily from the local office to points in the\\nthree States named above, besides nearly four hundred cards containing\\nthe weather probabilities for the ensuing thirty-six hours, sent out each\\nmorning. It is safe to say that through the various methods used Atlanta", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "92\\nResidential Advantages.\\nsends the forecasts to thousands of people. Over two hundred charts\\nshowing the existing weather conditions over the United States are\\n])rinted and issued daily.\\nThe following tables, showing the average monthly temperature, and\\nthe rainfall for a series of years, were comi)iled ])y the United States\\nWeather Bureau s Atlanta office:\\nAveraf/e Monthly Temperature at Atlanta.\\nJan.\\nFeb.\\nMarch.\\nApril\\nMay.\\nJune.\\nJuly\\nAugust\\nSept.\\nOct.\\nNov.\\nDec.\\nFor the\\nYear.\\n1879...\\n44\\n44\\n58\\n60\\n70\\n-n\\nSO\\n74\\n()9\\n(U\\n54\\n.52\\n62\\n]880...\\n54\\niri\\n56\\n62\\n71\\n7(;\\n79\\n1\\n69\\n61\\n47\\n42\\n62\\n1881...\\n40\\n47\\n49\\n59\\n71\\n78\\n81\\n79\\n75\\n67\\n53\\n50\\n(i2\\n188i...\\n49\\n52\\n57\\n64\\n66\\n76\\n76\\n76\\n71\\n66\\n51\\n41\\n62\\n1883...\\n43\\nJO\\n50\\n61\\n67\\n76\\n80\\n76\\n71\\n66\\n.54\\n4.S\\n62\\n1884...\\n3(i\\n52\\n54\\n58\\n71\\n71\\n78\\nikt\\n7.)\\n68\\n51\\n45\\n61\\n1885...\\n40\\n39\\n47\\n61\\n67\\n76\\n79\\n77\\n70\\n57\\n50\\n43\\n59\\n1886...\\n36\\n42\\n51\\n60\\n69\\n72\\n77\\n77\\n73\\n63\\n51\\n40\\n59\\n1887...\\n40\\n53\\n51\\nS^\\n72\\n76\\n78\\n76\\n72\\n59\\n52\\n42\\n61\\n1888...\\n4.\\n4!t\\n51\\n64\\n69\\n75\\n79\\n78\\n67\\nf8\\n52\\n41\\n60\\n1889...\\n44\\n42\\n52\\n02\\n68\\n73\\n78\\n74\\n70\\n60\\n52\\n57\\n61\\n1890...\\nb\\\\\\n5.\\n50\\n62\\n69\\n79\\n78\\n75\\n72\\n60\\n58\\n45\\n63\\n1891...\\n42\\n50\\n47\\n63\\n67\\n78\\n75\\n77\\n72\\n59\\n49\\n47\\n01\\n1892...\\n38\\n48\\n48\\n59\\n69\\n76\\n76\\n7(1\\n70\\n(13\\n51)\\n42\\n60\\n1893...\\n36\\n46\\n51\\n64\\n67\\n74\\n81\\n1\\n73\\n62\\n51\\n47\\n61\\n1894...\\n47\\n45\\n57\\n62\\n69\\n76\\n76\\n76\\n7o\\n62\\n50\\n46\\n62\\n1895\\n40\\n34\\n51\\n60\\n67\\n77\\n77\\ni\\n76\\n60\\n52\\n44\\n60\\n1896...\\n42\\n45\\n49\\n66\\n75\\n7\\n78\\n8\\n75\\n61\\n56\\n44\\n62\\n1897...\\n39\\n48\\n55\\n60\\n68\\n79\\n78\\n76\\n74\\n66\\n53\\n19yrs\\n42\\n47\\n52\\n62\\n69\\n76\\n78\\n76\\n72\\n62\\n52\\n45\\nRainfall by Months and Years.\\nJan.\\nFeb.\\nMar.\\n-\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Vpril.\\nMay.\\nJune.\\nJuly.\\nAugust\\nSept.\\nOtt.\\nNov. Dec.\\nTotal for\\nYear.\\n1879\\n4.29\\n1880\\n2.86\\n1881\\n8.35\\n1882\\n1883\\n1884\\n6.40\\n15.82\\n5 20\\n1885\\n8.4-i\\n1886\\n1887\\n7.33\\n3 52\\n1888\\n3.89\\n1889\\n6.39\\n1890\\n2.95\\n1891\\n6.73\\n1892\\n1S93\\n1894\\n8.93\\n2.02\\n5.09\\n1895\\n1896\\n5.47\\n3.12\\n1897\\n3.48\\nAverage\\n5 86\\n3.09\\n3.11\\n10.41\\n10.29\\n3.22\\n5.84\\n4.14\\n1.53\\n3.74\\n5.91\\n5.28\\n3.36\\n8.. 50\\n3.44\\n5.45\\n4.98\\n2.01\\n3.04\\n4.. 59\\n2 49\\n11.87\\n10.98\\n4.16\\n3.73\\n9.70\\n4.26\\n11.16\\n1.99\\n8.16\\n2.49\\n3.13\\n10.16\\n5.71\\n2.43\\n2.99\\n7.55\\n3.29\\n5.74\\n4.84\\n5.89\\n3.98\\n7.07\\n4.58\\n5.21\\n8.20\\n5.86\\n1.31\\n2.. 52\\n1.38\\n1.34\\n2.54\\n2.04\\n1.58\\n4.75\\n2.48\\n3 06\\n5.20\\n0.58\\n5.06\\n4.16\\n4.52\\n1.27\\n3.02\\n2.00\\n1.33\\n6.12\\n6.21\\n1.76\\n6.86\\n3.16\\n6.32\\n2.17\\n1.37\\n4.46\\n1.49\\n3.99\\n1.95\\n0.34\\n3.62\\n3.29\\n3.20\\n3.57\\n2.46\\n3.22\\n2 31\\n10 73\\n4 83\\n8.68\\n2.82\\n4.71\\n5.03\\n1.12\\n4.71\\n4.65\\n4.65\\n1.29\\n4.87\\n2.66\\n2.07\\n5.75\\n3.16\\n0.56\\n6.61\\n1.06\\n2.42\\n4.02\\n2.68\\n14.11\\n1 85\\n8.83\\n5.37\\n5.38\\n3 77\\n2.13\\n5.55\\n2.75\\n7.55\\n4.74\\n4.08\\n4.62\\n4.76\\n3.61\\n4.10\\n5.86\\n2.73\\n2.06\\n6.92\\n2.36\\n7.51\\n3.89\\n6.73\\n3.99\\n2 59\\n6.66\\n4.07\\n3.70\\n8.55\\n1.97\\n6.01\\n4.64\\n1.43\\n6.21\\n3 76\\n3.51\\n1.38\\n0.08\\n6.51\\n0.53\\n4.20\\n14.26\\n6.32\\n5.36\\n1.19\\n2.70\\n3 06\\n5.78\\n0.21\\n1.36\\n0.14\\n3.58\\n5.44\\n2.81\\n3.44\\n1.35\\n1.52\\n0.70\\n3.94\\n0.03\\n3.28\\n3 99\\n2.21\\n4.89\\n02\\n0..59\\n39\\n2.62\\n1.30\\n1 2\u00c2\u00ab\\n1.80\\n2.18\\n3.56 4.49\\n7.86\\n5 70\\n7.53\\n4.;!7\\n4.84\\n6.09\\n2.64\\n3.03\\n5.79\\n5.42\\n0.60\\n3. 89\\n3.68\\n3.89\\n3.18\\n3.45\\n2.98\\n1.42\\nro.33\\n62.70\\n61.74\\n58.22\\n51 .53\\n52.85\\n57.11\\n.50.78\\n50.40\\n64.98\\n.54.75\\n42.60\\n49.97\\n49. h7\\n:!6.43\\n40.92\\n45.92\\n34.12\\n50.85\\nDuring the crop growing season Atlanta receives weekly reports from\\nthree hundred farmers giving the progress of crops, etc., and from these\\nreports is compiled a bulletin, copies of which are sent throughout the\\nentire country. These IniUetins have proved highly beneticial to the far-\\nmer, placing him on the same footing with Iniyers and speculators.\\nThe records on file at the Weather Bureau officj contain a complete\\nhistory of the weather for each day during the ])ast nineteen years.\\nThe temperature has fallen to zero only three times in nineteen years.\\nIn January, 1881, it was one degree below, in January, 188G. two degrees", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "Residential Advantages.\\n93\\nTHE SWEETWATER PARK HoTEI.\\nl)elow, and in Februar} 1895, zero. In that period it has fallen below\\nten degrees only twelve times. The extremes of heat are also rare. The\\ntemperature has reached 103 onh^ once in nineteen years and passed 95\\nonly seventeen days daring that period. The days in each summer when\\nit passes 90 are comparatively few.\\nThe record will show during the hot months a considerably lower tem-\\nperature than those of St. Louis and other cities in the middle States, and\\nsunstrokes are rare.\\nPablic and Private Paries.\\nGRANT PARK is the gift of the late L. P. Grant, one of the first citi-\\nzens of Atlanta, who came here when the place was in its infancy,\\nand remained until his death in 1895. The original gilt was one hundred\\nand twenty acres, to which the city has added very largely. It is within\\ntwo and a half miles of the union passenger depot, and accessible by three\\nstreet-car lines. The buildings have been judiciously improved without\\nharshly disturbing the face of nature. The beauty of the natural scenery\\nhas been embellished by the construction of a lake, and walks and roads\\nwind throughout the grounds at convenient places. There are several\\nsprings of mineral water, and in connection with the lake there is a swim-\\nming pool. The lake furnishes boating for pleasure-parties in summer,\\nand the abundant shade gives a pleasant rendezvous for picnics. Crowning\\nthe highest hill in the park is Fort Walker, a grim reminder of the battles\\naround Atlanta on the 21st and 2id of -July, 1861. Pavilions and build-\\nings of comfort and necessity have been placed at convenient places, and\\nthe street-car lines reach the park from both sides, giving convenient access\\nfrom any part of the grounds. Some years ago Mr. G. Gress, of the", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "94\\nResiden^tial Advantages.\\nl^k\\nSCtNE IN GRANT TAKK.\\ncity, founded a men-\\nagerie, known as the\\nGress Zoo, to which\\nvarious parties have\\ncontributed birds and\\nanimal:^ from time to\\ntime during the past\\nseven years. The\\ncity has also made\\npurchases, and the\\nzoo now contains tlie\\nfollowing animals:\\nOne elephant, one\\nelk, two African lions,\\nthree Mexican lions,\\nthree large black\\nbears, five Chinese\\npheasants, one Afri-\\ncan jaguar, one black wolf, one gray wolf, one Kansas co^ ote, two dingoes, two\\ncoons, one badger, two wildcats, eight deer, one Mexican hog, live monkeys,\\ntwenty prairie dogs, four alligators, eight peafowls, one hundred and ten\\npigeons, seven owls, two hawks, fifteen ring-doves, twelve gophers, two\\npelicans, three buzzards, three eagles, sixty-nine rabbits, fifty-nine guinea-\\npigs, one large ant-eater and two loons.\\nThe park is in charge of a commission elected by the city council of At-\\nlanta, and the appropriation averages about $9,000 a year.\\nAmong the attractions of this park is a large cyclorama of the Battle of\\nAtlanta, the field of which extended several miles to the east and north of\\nthe park.\\nPiedmont Park is the property of a private corporation, and was im-\\nproved first by the Piedmont Exposition Company and more elaborately in\\n1894 and 1895 by the Cotton States and International Exposition Company,\\nwhich expended about S500,000 on the grounds and buildings. The grounds\\nwere decidedly j)icturesque, and were embellished by the addition of a lake\\ncovering thirteen acres. They were pronounced by gentlemen who had\\nseen all the great expositions of this country and the Paris Exposition in\\n1889 to be the most attractive and picturescjue tlic} had ever seen. The\\narrangement is suggestive of an amphitheater with a grand plaza in the\\ncenter, surrounded by a sixty-foot walk, which was originally a half mile\\ntrack. Rising in grand terraces on the north, the hill is surrounded by\\nwhat was the Tnited States Government building. Close beside it are the\\nFine Arts building, the New York and Pennsylvania buildings, etc. On\\nother sides of the plaza are the various ex[)osition buildings, fourteen in\\nnumber, with many smaller structures erected for various purposes. Around\\nthe plaza and the walks, which cover a distance of five miles, shade trees\\nhave been planted. The grounds cover one hundred and eighty nine acres,", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "Residential Advantages.\\n95\\nA DKMZKN )V THE ZOO GRANT I ARK.\\nwith hills to the north and south and the lake in the center. Xear the\\nplaza is an auditorium capable of seating three thousand people, and not\\nfar oft is the Agricultural building, which could be made to accommodate\\nten thousand people. Here it has been proposed to hold conventions of\\nthe Grand Army of the Republic and national political conventions if\\nthey should ever be held in the Southern States. In what was the ]\\\\[anu-\\nfactures and Liberal Arts building, covering several acres of space, one of\\nthe finest bic^ cle tracks in the Southern States has been constructed, and\\nan immense seating capacity is provided.\\nThe park is reached by three electric lines, and during the exposition it\\nwas connected with all parts of the city by direct cars. The main street-\\ncar terminus is among the finest in the country. On the opposite side the\\nSouthern Railway has two tracks, upon which it operated a train service\\nLAKE ABAXA GRANT PARK", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "96\\nResidential Advantages.\\nsimilar to that put on at the World s Fair by the Illinois Central Railroad.\\nDuring the Exposition the crowds on the grounds reached as many as\\nsixty thousand people, and on several days ranged from twenty thousand\\nto thirty thousand. The park is within two and a half miles of the city.\\nAt present it is controlled by the Exposition Park Company, which leased\\nit for five years from 1896 for amusement purposes. The park is open to\\nthe public, and there is no admission fee exceptf or entrance to the Coliseum.\\nLakewood Park is located four miles south of the city, and covers an\\narea of three hundred and sixty-three acres, fifty of which are covered by\\nwater, making the largest lake in North Georgia. The lake is surrounded\\non all sides by large hills covered with natural forest. As the dam that\\ncrosses the stream between two large hills is covered with trees and does\\nnot appear at all artificial, the lake appears to be the work of nature. Lake-\\nwood is the site of the former city waterworks, and the lake now used for\\npurposes of pleasure, such as bathing, swimming, rowing, sailing and shoot-\\ning the chutes, was formerly known as the reservoir. From it for twenty\\nyears the temperance people of the city quenched their thirst. The clear\\nwater of South river flowed into and was pumped out of it. There are\\nmany springs around the lake, making ideal spots for picnic parties.\\nWhen the city advertised for bidders for a lease of the property, the\\nLakewood Park Company was organized for the purpose of converting this\\npicturesque place into a pleasure resort, and since August, LSOo, the place\\nhas been kept open as a park, l)ut only white persons are allowed upon the\\ngrounds.\\nTo the natural attractions of the place many improvements have been\\nadded. An electric car line was built there, and since August, 1895, cars\\nhave run every day from the postoffice direct to Lakewood. During the\\nsummer, at times, a car run every ten minutes would not accommodate the\\nSCENE IN OAKLAND CKMETKRY.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "Residential Advantages.\\n97\\nSCENE liN LAKE\\\\VOUl PARK.\\nvisitors. The improvements at the park consist in part of a life-saving-\\nstation, a large pavilion, a shooting gallery, ten-pin alleys, a club house,\\ntennis courts, a bath-house, a bathing beach, shooting the chutes, trap-shoot-\\ning house and grounds, the long-distance rifle range of the Fifth regiment,\\nrow and sail boats, steamer, swings, merry-go-rounds, etc. Lakewood\\nhas been well patronized from the opening day, by ladies and children dur-\\ning the day and the young people at night. The buildings and grounds\\nare brilliantly lighted with electricity made by the park plant, using South\\nriver as a water-power. A fall of nearly fifty feet develops more than fifty-\\nhorse power.\\nThe park is opened during the summer season every night until mid-\\nnight. The average number of fares over the street railway to Lakewood\\nduring the summer season is two thousand per day.\\nFort AcPl)erson.\\nFORT McPHERSON is one of the best equipped military posts in the\\nUnited States. It was constructed at great expense on a reservation\\nof forty acres, occupying a commanding eminence four miles from the\\ncenter of the city, and easily accessible by the trains of the Central and\\nAtlanta and West Point Railways and electric cars of the Atlanta Traction\\nCompany. The post has barracks for the accommodation of one thousand\\nenlisted men and non-commissioned officers, with handsome residences for\\nthe staff and company officers, besides the post headquarters. There is a\\nstore-house and a well-equipped hospital. An elaborate system of water-\\nworks and sewerage brings the sanitary conditions up to the standard lor\\nwell-regulated communities. The water supply is al)undant and pure and\\nthe rolling character of the ground is such as to make drainage perfect. The\\nparade ground is one of the finest in the United States, and the regimental\\ndrills and dress parades are frequently attended on pleasant afternoons by\\nthe elite of the city.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "98\\nResidential Advantages.\\nTHE PARADE GROUND FORT M I HERSON.\\nIn addition to the facilities for access to the post by steam and electric\\ncars, the finest ten-mile drive in the Southern States reaches from the heart\\nof Atlanta to the Clayton county line, passing directly in front of the reser-\\nvation. Two miles of this were built first as a military road, by the Fed-\\neral authorities, from the corporate limits of the city lo the reservation.\\nLater the authorities of Fulton county constructed a chert road from the\\ncity limits to the Clayton county line. Within a mile of the city limits\\nthe thoroughfare thence to the heart of the city has been covered with\\nvitrified brick, and the continuation of this smooth pavement to the chert\\nroad is contemplated, and will, no doubt, be completed within the next\\nfew months. When this is done there will be a smooth road from the\\nAtlanta postoffice all the way to the Clayton county line, passing directly in\\nfront of Fort McPherson. This will probably be the finest roadway of that\\nlength reaching out of any Southern city.\\nThe Federal government maintains at this post a regiment of ten compa-\\nnies, and, with the skeleton organization customary in the United States in\\ntime of peace, there are six hundred enlisted men with a full complement\\nof oflicers. This number would be quickly increased to one thousand in case\\nof emergency requiring the full strength of the companies.\\nThe regiments stationed at Fort McPherson have figured prominently on\\nalmost all great occasions attended by civic and military pageants. This\\nwas notably true during the Exposition of 1895, when the President of the\\nUnited States and the governors of various States visited Atlanta.\\nI^eligioQS, 5^^^^^ Fraternal Organisation^.\\nTHE religious, social and fraternal organizations of Atlanta are among\\nthe most striking features in the life of the city, and are potent factors\\nin the upbuilding and orderly development of the community. The\\nchurches are noted for their activit)^ and are constantly sending out off.\\nshoots in the mission stations scattered through the city and suburbs. The\\ncharity organizations include three orphan asylums, and several mission\\nstations, besides the Atlanta Charitable Association, whose work is sup-", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "Residential Advantages.\\n99\\nported partly from pub-\\nlic and partly from pri-\\nvate funds. The Grady\\nHospital is largely an\\n-eleemosynary institu-\\ntion.\\nThe social clubs of\\nAtlanta are among the\\nmost famous in the\\nSouth, and the fraternal\\norders are both numer-\\nous and strong.\\nChurches.\\nAtlanta is a church-\\ngoing city. There are\\n112 churches, or about\\nan average of one to\\n-every nine hundred peo-\\nple. Of these 74 are for\\nwhite and 38 for colored\\npeople, distributed\\namong the denomina-\\ntions as follows\\nW h i t e\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Baptist, 19;\\nChristian, 2; Congrega-\\ntional, 4; Episcopal, 8 Hebrew, 1 Lutheran, 1 Presbyterian, 10^; Roman\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Catholic, 3; Seventh Day Adventists, 1; Unitarian, 1; Methodist, 23,\\nand Christian Scientist, 1.\\nColored Baptist, 21; Congregational, 1; Episcopal, 1; Presbyterian, 1;\\nand Methodist, 14.\\nBesides the churches there is the Young Men s Christian Association,\\nwhich owns a handsome building at the corner of Pryor street and Auburn\\navenue, with a railroad branch in another part of the city.\\nAmong the churches are some very imposing edifices, several of which\\nappear among the illustrations. Auxiliary to church work are the Baptist\\nOrphans Home, the Methodist Orphans Asylum, the Hebrew Orphanage,\\nand two Catholic Convents.\\nThe attendance at the churches is very large and the Sunday morning\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0congregations have been estimated at one-fourth of the population. The\\nmission societies and young people s organizations are very strong in\\nAtlanta. The Epworth League, the Society for Christian Endeavor, th\\nBaptist Young People s Unions, and other societies and guilds are very\\nlargely represented here.\\nSECOND BAPTIST CHURCH.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "100\\nResidential Advantages,\\nSocial Clubs.\\nAtlanta lias a num-\\nber of social clubs, chief\\nof which the Capital\\nCity has national repu-\\ntation, having enter-\\ntained almost every\\nPresident of the United\\nStates who has been in\\nollice since the club was\\norganized. The club-\\nhouse is situated on one\\nof the most beautiful\\nparts of Peach tree, the\\nleading residence street\\nof Atlanta. The o r-\\nganization has a mem-\\nbership including most\\nof the prominent busi-\\nness and professional\\nmen of the city, and its\\nentertainments are ele-\\nga nt and elaborate.\\nDuring the Cotton\\nStates and International\\nExposition of 1895 the\\nreceptions of this club\\nwere notable events, at-\\ntended only by the diie\\nof the city, but lionored by distinguished guests, including Presidents\\nCleveland and McKinley, the (Jovernors of a score of States, and the\\nMayors and prominent men of many cities. Distinguished strangers\\nfrom all parts of the world have, from time to time, been entertained here.\\nThe F ulton Club, a younger organization than the Capital City, has\\nalread}- become quite popular, and has a very large membership, including\\nbusiness and professional men of Atlanta and other parts of Georgia.\\nReceptions have been given to distinguished men, and of late the club has\\nbecome a favorite rendezvous for public men.\\nThe Concordia Association is composed largel}^ of Jewish citizens and\\nhas a large and influential membership. Its entertainments are noted for\\ntheir elegance, and the clul) rooms are sumptuously furnished and well\\nappointed.\\nFraternal Societies.\\nMasonic and t)ther fraternal orders are especially strong in Atlanta.\\nThere are four Masonic lodges, of which the oldest, Atlanta Lodge No. 59,\\ncelebrated its semi-centennial in October, 18*.)7. It is said that the oldest\\nFIRST rRKsr.YTEKIAN CHURCH.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "Residential Advantages.\\nlOI\\nMasonic lodge in Ameri-\\nca is in Georgia, and\\nthe fraternity is very\\nstrong throughout the\\nState. In addition to\\nthe lodges above men-\\ntioned are the Mt. Zion\\nNo. 16 and the Jason\\nBurr Council So. 13,\\nJRoyal Arch Masons.\\nThe Knights T e m-\\nplar have two com-\\nmanderies, the Coiier de\\nLeon and the Atlanta\\nNo.\\nThere are two lodges\\nof the Scottish Rite Ma-\\nsons, Hermes Lodge of\\nPerection N o. 4, an d\\nWhite Eagle and Rose\\nCroix. The Shriners\\nhave two lodges.\\nThe Knights of Py-\\nthias have six lodges?\\nSECOND PRE-SBYTERIAN CHURCH.\\nCHURCH OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION.\\nt h e R oval A rca n u m\\ntwo, Independent\\nOrder of Odd Fel-\\nlows six, Improved\\nOrder of Red Men\\nsix, Knights of the\\nGolden Rule one,\\nthe Junior Order of\\nAmerican Mechan-\\nics four, American\\nLegion of Honor\\none. National T nion\\ntwo. Fraternal Mys-\\ntic Circle and Elks\\none each, and the\\nIndependent Order\\nof United Workmen\\ntwo.\\nThe Improved Or-\\nder of the Free Sons", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "I02\\nResidential Advantages.\\nof Israel and the Order\\nof Kesher 8hel Barzel\\nhave one lodge each,\\nand the B nai B rith and\\nIndependent Order of\\nGood Templars have\\nfour lodges.\\nThe Ancient Order of\\nHibernians has a lodge,\\nthe Grand Army of the\\nRepublic has a post, and\\nthe Fulton County Vet-\\nrans Association is one\\nof the most influential\\norganizations in the\\nState.\\nThe Order of the Gold,\\nen Chain has two lodges.\\nThere are other orders\\nas follows Catholic\\nKnights of America,\\nKnights of Damon,\\nKnights of Honor, two lodges; Federation of Trade, Brotherhood of Loco-\\nmotive Engineers, Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, Brotherhood of\\nBrakemen, Order of Railway Conductors, Telegraphers Union, United Asso\\nelation of Journeymen Plumbers, Gas and Steam Fitters and Steam Fitters\\nHelpers, Journeymen Tailors Union, Journeymen Barbers International\\nUnion, Cigar Makers Union, Electrical Workers Union, Horse Shoers Un-\\nion, Tinners Union, National Association of Stationary Engineers, Car\\nInspectors Protective Association, Carpenters and Joiners Union, Brick-\\nlayers Association, Brotherhood of Painters and Decorators, International\\nAssociation of Machinists, Brewers Union, Boiler Makers Union, Mail\\nCarriers Association and Journeymen Stone Cutters Union.\\nPRIVATE SANITARIUM OF PRS. ELKIN COOPER.\\nHospitals and Infirmaries.\\nATLANTA is well supplied with hospitals, infirmaries and sanatoriums.\\nThe Grady Hospital, established in 1891-2, and maintained by the\\ncity of Atlanta, the St. Joseph s Infirmary and the Sanatoriums of Doctors\\nElkin and Cooper and Dr. J. B. S, Holmes afford every facility for taking\\ncare of the sick. It is doubtful whether any city south of Baltimore, or\\nany institution nearer than the Johns Hopkins Hospital has facilities com-\\nparable with those of the above institutions.\\nThe Grady Hospital was erected as a monument to the memory of Henry\\nW. Grady, and the money for the purpose was raised by popular subscrip-", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "Residential Advantages.\\n103\\n;RA]iV Hc^l llAI,\\ntion. When the building and equipment were completed in 1892, they\\nwere turned over to the city of Atlanta upon condition that the hospital\\nshould be maintained by the municipal government.\\nThe hospital was built on the pavilion plan and has one hundred beds\\nfor charity patients and ten rooms for private or pay patients. These beds\\nare distributed as follows: White male ward, 22; white female ward, 22\\nchildren s ward, 20; colored male ward, 16; colored female ward, 16, and\\nisolation ward, 4.\\nThe number of patients since June 2, 1802, when the first was received,\\nis 5,265, and the daily average is 72.\\nThe monthly expenses, including employes salaries, subsistence, medi-\\ncal and surgical supplie-:, repairs of the building, fuel, gas, etc.^ amount to\\n$2,200 per month. The managemeut is controlled by a board of trustees?\\nconsisting of ten citizens chosen by the cit} council, and the medical and\\nsurgical afiairs are directed by a board of thirteen prominent ph^ sicians,\\nunder whom is the superintendent. The House Staff consists of four phy-\\nsicians, whose term\\nof service is two\\nyears. They are\\nappointed upon\\ncompetitive exami-\\nnation. In addition\\nthere is one phar-\\nmacist. The a t-\\ntendants include a\\nhead nurse and\\nmatron, four gradu-\\nate nurses and six-\\nteen undergraduate\\nnurses. The ambu-\\nST. JOSEPHS INFIRMARY. laucc scrvicc ex-", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "I04\\nResidential Advantages.\\ntends to all parts of the\\ncity.\\nSt. Joseph s Infirm-\\nary Avas founded in\\n1880. It is a private\\ninstitution, can accom\\nniodate thirty patients,\\nand is visited by all\\nthe prominent phy-\\ncians of the city. The\\ninstitution is under\\nthe management of\\nthe Sisters of Mercy.\\nThe Private Sanator-\\nium of Doctors Elkin\\nand Cooper, at 27 and\\n29 Luckie street, has a\\ncapacity for thirty pa-\\ntients. The building\\nwas erected in 1897\\nand designed to com-\\nbine the best features\\nof the best institutions\\nof its kind. The equip-\\nment is modern and\\nthe service is by train-\\ned nurses.\\nDr. J. B. S. Holmes\\nSanatorium, The Hal-\\ncyon, at 17 WestCain\\nstreet, located in a\\nhandsome building,\\nerected for the purpose\\nthree years ago, upon\\nai)proved plans, with\\ncostly modern equipment. It has the services of trained nurses and a\\ncapacity for about thirty patients.\\nThe National Surgical Institute, 70 to 74 South Pryor street, was estab-\\nlished in 1874 for the treatment of deformities and chronic diseases. It has\\nmechanical iii)pliances for the Swedish movement, mechanical massage,\\netc and has special appliances for treatment by electricity.\\nTHE HALCYON I RIVATK SAM IARIUM.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "Two Great Expositions.\\nTHE great landmarks of Atlanta s progress are the Cotton Exposition\\nof 1881 and the Cotton States and International Exposition of 1895.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Considering the size and resources of the city at the differen,t periods, it is\\ndifficult to say which was the greater achievement, although, of course, the\\nExposition of 1895 many times exceeded in size its predecessor. The Cot-\\nton Exposition of 1881 gave the first great impetus to the recent development\\nof the Southeastern States. It was organized by far-seeing men, and at that\\nearly day, before the country had dreamed of any such magnificent spec-\\ntacle as the World s Columbian Exposition, it was a great achievement,\\nsecond only to the Centennial Exposition of 1876. The details at this date\\nwould be irrelevant, as that Exposition would seem small to us now, but it\\nwas large for that da3% and the attendance indicated a large interest. The\\n-display of labor-saving machiner}^ was very fine and did much to awaken\\ninterest in improved methods. The display of resources of the Piedmon\\nregion also attracted the attention of capitalists from abroad and gave a\\n^reat stimulus to the development of the Southeastern States, so much so\\nthat this Exposition has generally been referred to as the beginning, not\\nonly of Atlanta s great growth, but of the prodigious development which\\ntook place in the Piedmont States during the decade between the censu sof\\n1880 and that of 1890. As the production of a city of 40,000 people, with\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0capacity and capital small in proportion to those now available to Atlanta,\\nit was a great work and made a great impression on the country.\\nThe Eocposition of 1895.\\nThe Cotton States and International Exposition of 1895 attracted the\\nattention of the whole country, and visitors could hardly believe that a city\\nof 100,000 people had carried so great an undertaking to success. It is a\\ncommon remark that the Atlanta Exposition would have been creditable", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "io6\\nTwo Great Expositions.\\nto a city of half a\\nmillion people, and\\nfor Atlanta it was-\\nan amazing achieve-\\nment\\nThe first move-\\nment for this Expo-\\nsition originated at\\nthe close of 1894^\\nwhen the entire-\\nCOTTON STATES AND INT. EXPOSITION MAilI 1 M.KV 11 All,. COUntrV WaS in th\u00c2\u00a9\\ndepths of depression following the great panic of 1898. So profound\\nwas this depression that the first suggestion for an Exposition was-\\nmet with derision, and for some time it was difficult for other cities-\\nto take Atlanta seriously. Nothing daunted, the public-spirited citi-\\nzens proceeded with the organization and in a few months raised by\\npopular and public subscription a capital of $200,000. This was supple-\\nmented by the county authorities with excavation work to the amount of\\n$150,000, and with the proceeds of bonds and loans to the amount of\\n$225,000 a total capital of more than half a million dollars was-\\nraised. The work of building the Exposition was accomplished in\\nless than a year. It began in October, 1894, soon after Congress\\npassed the appropriation bill, including $200,000 for a government-\\nexhibit at Atlanta. The government apppropriation was not available^\\nto the lair itself, but was expended in the government building and\\nexhibits. Atlanta, therefore, had to rely entirely upon herself for the-\\nbuilding of the fair and, indeed, went further and assisted the State in the-\\nerection of a building for the Georgia exhibit.\\nIt was the general verdict that the money expended on this Exposition-\\nwas made to go further and do more than any other fund ever expended for\\nsuch a purpose. In addition to the funds above referred to, the Exposition;\\nreceived $120,000 from concessions, $380,000 in gate receipts and $79,000\\nfrom the sale of\\nspace, with miscel-\\nla ne ou s receipts,\\nmaking a total of\\n$1,100,000 expend-\\ned by the Exposi-\\ntion company. The\\nexpenditu res by\\nexhibitors and con-\\ncessionaires w e re\\nvery great. Much\\nof the work in the cotton states and int. e.xi osition\u00e2\u0080\u0094 fores iky huh. ding.\\n9\\ni\\nJ=^b4=^\\n||I|", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "Two Great Expositions.\\n107\\nCOTTON STATES AND INT., EXPOSITION\u00e2\u0080\u0094 FINE ARTS BUILDING.\\npower plant was\\npaid for by exhibi-\\ntors of steam and\\nelectrical machin-\\nery, pumps, etc.\\nThe appropria-\\ntions by States, for-\\neign governments\\nand railroads o f\\nexhibits amounted\\nto $300,000, and it\\nis estimated that the total expenditures by the Exposition company,\\nexhibitors and concessionaries at this Exposition were between $2,000,000\\nand $2,500,000. All this started from a capital of S200,000, which, by loans\\nand the labor contributed by the county of Fulton, was augmented to\\n$550,000. The financial results achieved with the resources at hand are\\nremarkable when compared with those of other Expositions. With a total\\ncapital of $550,000 Atlanta produced an Exposition the cost of which\\nwas $2,500,000. Chicago, with a capital of $10,000,000, produced a fair\\nthat cost $27,000,000. Atlanta s capital was made to produce a fund five\\ntimes as great. In Chicago the capital subscribed by the city was more\\nthan one-third of the total cost of the Exposition.\\nThe Exposition was a remarkable success from almost every standpoint.\\nAs an epitome of the industrial life of the Cotton States it was an impres-\\nsive and inspiring spectacle. Considered in a general sense as an exploita-\\ntion of the region tributary to Atlanta and an advertisement of the enter-\\nprise of the people of this city, it has hardly a parallel. The attendance\\nfrom a distance was remarkable. Almost every State in the* Union had\\nsome representatives among the visitors to the Exposition, and the extent\\nto which the coun-\\ntry was interested\\nappears from the\\nfact that the press\\nassociationsof\\ntwenty-five States,\\nnumbering in all\\n3,500 people, vis-\\nited the Exposition\\ngrounds during the\\nmonths of Septem-\\nber, October and\\nNovember. The\\ndaily records of the\\nadvertising depart-\\nCOTTON STATES AND INT. EXPOSITION TRANSPORTATION B Ld g. mCUt shoW 25,000", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "io8\\nTwo Great Expositions.\\nnewspaper clippings from all parts of this country and many from Europe,\\nand it is estimated that these do not exceed one-fifth of the total number\\nof publications concerning Atlanta and the Exposition. Within the year\\nduring which the Exposition was under construction, the exploitation of\\nthe enterprise extended all over Europe and South and Central America.\\nExhibits came from 87 States and 13 foreign countries. The aggregate\\ncovering more than 6,000 separate entries, many of which were collective\\nexhibits, represented very handsomely the trade arid industry of the United\\nStates and South America, with considerable representation from England,\\nFrance, Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungary. There were collective ex-\\nhibits from Mexico, Venezuela, and Chili, and State exhibits were made by\\nGeorgia, Pennsylvania, New York, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Illinois,\\nNorth Carolina, South Carolina, Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Arkansas\\nand California, and besides these were exhibits b} cities and individuals\\nin most of the other States. A notable exhibit was that made by the\\nGeorgia Association of Manufacturers, including the displays of seventy-\\nodd concerns, showing an astonishing variety of products.\\nThe results of this Exposition have been all that could be desired. In-\\nstead of the depression that usually follows great expositions, Atlanta has\\nexperienced a steady growth, indicated by the increase in bank clearings,\\ntonnage, postoffice receipts and imports. Since the close of the Exposition\\nthere has been a remarkable influx of capital, especially in the construction\\nof magnificent business edifices. Four buildings, erected since the close of\\nthe Exposition, represent an investment of nearly a million dollars. The\\nnumber of building permits issued by the city has steadily increased since\\n1895, and the improvements made during the past year aggregate $1,800,000.\\nlUlloN hlAihb AMI INT. EXPOSITION NECIRO BUILDING.", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "Index.\\nAtlanta: The Story of its Upbuilding 5\\nAtlanta of To-day 3\\nPopulation J\\nArea and Expansion ^4\\nCity Government\\nFinance\\nPolice Department ^9\\nFire Department\\nSanitary Department 22\\nVital Statistics 22\\nStreet Improvements ^3\\nBuilding Inspection and Statistics 24\\nAtlanta s Imports 26\\nCommerce 27\\nFreight from the West 28\\nFreight from the East 28\\nWholesale Trade 29\\nRetail Trade 3i\\nHorse and Mule Trade 32\\nCoal, Coke and Wood 33\\nManufacturers Agents 34\\nCotton Business 34\\nCar Service 34\\nManufacturing 37\\nAtlanta s Manufactured Output for 1897 4\u00c2\u00b0\\nCotton Manufactures 40\\nCommercial Fertilizers 42\\nFurniture 42\\nCotton-Seed Oil and By-Products 43\\nPaper and Paper Bags 43\\nAgricultural Implements 43", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "Banking and Insuranck 45\\nClearing House Statistics 46\\nInsurance 47\\nPostal Receipts and Statistics 49\\nTransportation Facilities 52\\nStreet Railways 54\\nWater and Light 55\\nWaterworks 55\\nElectric Light and Power 58\\nLight and Fuel Gas 60\\nAtlanta Chamber of Commerce 63\\nOffice Buildings 65\\nAtlanta s Daily Newspapers 69\\nEducational Facilities 7i\\nPublic Schools 71\\nSouthern Female College 73\\nAgnes Scott Institute 74\\nWashington Seminary 75\\nSouthern Military College 76\\nYoung Men s Library 77\\nState Library 78\\nGeorgia School of Technology 78\\nMedical and Dental Colleges 79\\nInstitutions for the Education of the Negro 80\\nClark University 81\\nAtlanta University 82\\nSpelman Seminary 82\\nGammon Theological Seminary 82\\nAtlanta Baptist College 8^\\nMorris Brown College 84\\nResidential Advantages 85\\nA Cosmopolitan City 85\\nLaw and Order 87\\nHotels and Boardinc;-Houses 80\\nClimatic Conditions go\\nAverage Monthly Temperature in Atlanta 92\\nRainfall by Months and Years 92", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "Public and Private Parks 93\\nFort McPherson 97\\nKeligious, Social and Fraternal Organizations 98\\nChurches 99\\nFraternal Societies 100\\nHospitals and Infirmaries 102\\nThe Cotton Exposition of 1881 105\\nThe Cotton States and Industrial Exposition of 1895 105", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS\\nm}^", "height": "3406", "width": "2168", "jp2-path": "handbookofcityof00mart_0120.jp2"}}