{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2766", "width": "1706", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2714", "width": "1669", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "-J. V\\n-J. t\\nL .-^o^\\nI: %^^Mi^X/^\\nA\\n,-J^\\nJy*\\n-n^-o^\\nV\\n^^0^\\no O\\nfe-.\\n^0-^^\\no\\n,0\\n^o* .-^o^\\n.C,^^^.", "height": "2714", "width": "1669", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL RECORD\\nCITY OF SAVANNAH.\\nBY F. D. LEE AND J. L. AGNEW.\\nSAVANNAH:\\nPKINTEU AND PUBLISHED BY J. H. E.STII,L\\nMOKNINIi NEWS STE AM-POWKi; I KRSS,\\n1869.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "Entered aocordiug to au act of Congress, iu the year l.%8.\\nBV F. D. LEE AND J. L. AGNEW.\\nI}i the Clerk s office of the District Court of the United States iai and for tlie\\nSoutliern District of Gten? gia..\\nSOURCE UNKNOW-\\n8 1941", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "TO THE\\nBUSINESS IMEN OF SAVANNAH,\\nWHO, FROM THE DAYS OF THE PIONEERS OF BUSINESS TO THE I RESENT\\nTIME, DESPITE THE RUINOUS PROSTRATION OF TRADE\\nAND COMMERCE, OCCASIONED BY\\nWARS, FIRES, GALES, AKD PESTILENCE,\\nHAVE BROUGHT THEIR CITY TO THE PROUD POSITION SHE NOW HOLDS\\nIN THE COMMERCIAL WORLD, THE\\nHISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH\\nIS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "PREFACE.\\nHistory, said that emiuent writer, Lord Boliugbroke, -is\\nphilosophy teaching by example. If this assertion be true, either\\nphilosophy has been very select in her examples or history not\\nvery judicious in her selections or her teachings. Historians,\\nuntil very recently, have only found illustrations of life and of fact,\\nand examples for teaching philosophy, law, and morals, among\\nKings and Nobles, Warriors and Statesmen. The People, the\\nfoundation of the social fabric, with their interests and rights,\\ntheir thoughts and feeUngs, their personal toils and domestic life,\\nhave only figured in general history as machines for Kings to use\\nor weapons for warriors to employ the one not caring how soon\\nthe machine wore out, the other quite as reckless of the waste\\nof weapons. The pomp of royalty, the problems of philosophers,\\nthe shifts and subterfuges of statesmen, and the butcheries of\\nwarriors fill the panorama of the world s life as it moves along\\nthe pages of the historian. Even here the assertion, as the ma-\\njority of historians exemplify it, contradicts the facts and teach-\\nings of all ages that the histoi-y of the world, as the history\\nof life, is made up of little things. After all that has been written\\nof the eminent and mighty men of ancient and modem times,\\nhow little do we know of the inner, personal, and domestic life of\\ncommunities and nations. Pompeii has revealed more to awaken\\nthought and excite curiosity and disgiist than all the histories of\\nEome from Remus to Pio Nono. A remark of Erasmus in a letter\\nwritten by him to a friend concerning the domestic life of England\\nin his time stating that the floors of the houses are commonly of\\nclay, strewed with rushes, under which lie unmolested a collec-\\ntion of beer, grease, fragments of meat, bones, spittle, excrements\\nof dogs and cats, and of everything that is nauseous throws more\\nlight \\\\ipon the household civilization and social filthiness of the\\naristocracy than all the tomes of Hume in detailing the pomp\\nand power, the pride and prowess of its Kings, its Statesmen, and", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "its Warriors. Ouly think of tlie grand and queenly Elizabeth sit-\\nting on a leathern couch or straw pallet, making a breakfast of\\nsalt beef and brewer s beer? Or standing ankle-deep in filthy\\nsti aw, pulling pieces of roasted ox into bits for her dinner and\\nthrowing the refuse to snarling dogs new accretions from dainty\\nhands to the sweltering mass of filth and putrescence already\\nrotting upon the floor. Until Loi d Macauley entered into the\u00c2\u00abe\\nrecesses of the inner social life of the former times in England\\nvery few of lier population knew from what small and rude begin-\\nnings the present social civilization of their country had grown.\\nAll civilization grows up from and out of small centres and\\nhumble sources. A man, a house, a settlement, a machine, are the\\nstarting points of new and grand developments of social life and\\nnational history. The world is full of such records that find illus-\\ntration and culmination in the fame and wealth and power that give\\nsuccess and triumph to personal enterprise and stability and gran-\\ndeur to a nation s historj These are the memorials of the people\\nthe historic monuments lifting their heads in the sunlight and\\nblazing from foiindation to capstone with the effulgence that time\\nand truth shed on the usefiil and the good. These, whether they\\ncome down from the dim and shadowj past or have their birth\\nand fruition in the near and still remembered, are the antiquities\\nof a place and a people. In the usual acceptation of the term, our\\ncountry has no antiquities. Art, science, literature, music, poetry,\\nwar, have left no records, given us no monuments. Its physical\\ncharacter, its broad prairies, its long rolling rivers, its vast inland\\nseas, its hidden and exhaustless mineral wealth, its grand old for-\\nests, its extensive coast line, its glorious and majestic mountains\\nthese are its moniimeuts; but they are monumental of Eternal\\npower and Godhead. Aside from these and with these what\\ndo we lack for aught that wisdom can employ or skilful labor pro-\\nduce our only antiquities are Indian life and history, and the\\nwreck and remnants of colonial times. The former, as to its origin\\nand incidents, is involved in mystery and mixed with fable. But\\nit is replete with interest to the curious and gorgeous with thrill-\\ning tales of field and flood to the workers of fiction. The latter\\nblushes yet in virgin loveliness and beauty, and yet lifts its maiden\\nhands, imploring Old Mortality to decipher its inscriptions, to\\nfreshen its facts, to revivify its memorials and hand down to the\\ngenerations coming and to come the short and simple annals\\nof the people who from holy religious principles and love of liberty", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "settled the lands which their children have enriched as a garden\\nand made to bloom and blossom as the rose.\\nJamestovm, Croatan, Charleston, Savannah, are the colonial start-\\ning points of States that have given dignity and fame to American\\ncivilization and new elements of truth and power to augment the\\nwealth of the world s history. These names and places, however\\nwaste and desolate some of them may now be, are monumental,\\nand historic literature will keep them living and fresh in the\\nmemory of ages.\\nOf Jamestown, a portion of the tower of its first church and the\\ngrave-stones of its forgotten dead are all that time has left of its\\nmaterial history and physical and social fortunes. Croatan is the\\ndv. elling-place of a small population, who gain a scanty subsist-\\nence as pilots and fishermen. Charleston, judiciously located at\\nthe confluence of two rivers whose tides mingle and are lost in the\\nrushing waves of the Atlantic, perpetuates the good sense of its\\nfirst settlers. Savannah gi-ew into a city beautiful for situation, the\\njoy of a State and renowned among the cities of our land for its\\ntrade, commerce, industry, and enterprise, as well as for its intelli-\\ngence, its wealth, and its refinement. Its history is a souvenir\\nof truth and honor\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a memorial of the sagacity and Aforethought\\nthat in February, 1733, selected it as the home of the English\\ncolonists, the site of a city that now graces the beautiful river\\non whose side it stands and whose name it bears. The philoso-\\nphy of its foundation and fortunes belong to the examples and\\nfacts of historj-. The tents under the four pine trees on the bluff\\nhave grown into a city that looketh out over the sea and stretcheth\\nits hands of trade to collect and transmit the wealth of the Empire\\nState of the South. The indians, who gi eeted and gave a home to\\nthose comers from a land over the great and wide sea, have\\ngiven place to the guests they welcomed with strange words and\\nuncouth ceremonial. Their wigwams no longer crown the bluft\\nthey no longer paddle the light canoe over the flashing waters of\\nthe river: wanior and maiden, with their brave deeds and simple\\nloves, chief and brave, council-tent and home, have all disap-\\npeared. A new day, a new people with the principles and powers\\nof a new life, entered this wilderness when the small vessel, with\\nOglethoi-pe on its deck_, passed in from the sea and sped its way\\nup the placid river to the village-crowned bluff on its shore.\\nThe elegant and luxuriant mansions of the flower-crowned city\\nof to-day are the consximmation and glory of that day of small", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "viii PREFACE.\\nthings. Between these days one hundred and thirty-five years\\nof history, civil and social, personal and domestic, unfold their\\npages of trial and triumph, progress and pause, toil and suffering,\\nvirtue and licentiousness, life and death. Art, science, trade, com-\\nmerce, law, literature, festivals and fasts, religion and vice, all\\nawait, each with its contribution of glory or shame, to fill the\\nmeasure of the city s history. The records are brimming full.\\nThe object of the compilers is to open the long-closed volume,\\nbring things long hidden out into the sunlight, make scenes long\\nlying in darkness and shadow, names long lost amid passing\\nevents, voices long silent address us from the graves of the past;\\nlet us purchase, sit down and listen, read, mark, and inwardly\\ndigest the facts to be disclosed and the words to be spoken.\\nIn placing this humble work before the public, the compilers\\nwould state that they claim nothing for it beyond what its name\\ndenotes a brief record of the historical events connected with\\nSavannah from the earliest period of its existence to the present\\ntime. They hope that it will be thorough, and constitute a stand-\\nard book of reference to all who desire to inquire into the his-\\ntory of the city of Savannah. To obtain information necessary\\nto complete this record, much difficulty was experienced, and\\nin many instances it was impossible to gain the desired facts.\\nEspecially was it difficult to obtain the names of the soldiers\\nof Savannah who served during the late war. Many of the rolls\\nof companies could not be obtained, and we were compelled to\\nrely upon scraps of rolls, and frequently upon the memories\\nof a few soldiers who cheerfully gave us all assistance in their\\npower. Many of the facts contained herein were condensed or\\nexcei-pted from McCall s and Bishop Stevens Histories of Georgia,\\nWhite s Historical Collections of Georgia, Colonel C. C. Jones\\nRecord of the Chatham Artillery, and from old records in the\\npossession of the Georgia Historical Society and citizens. To\\nthose who have rendered us assistance we tender our grateful\\nthanks.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS.\\nChapter I.\\nOrigin of tlie Settlemeut of Savannah 2\\nDeparture of the Colonists 3\\nTheir Arrival at Charleston 3\\nOglethorpe s Visit to Yamacraw 4\\nArrival of the Colonists on the BlulV 4\\nFriendly Overtures of the Indians 4\\nOglethorpe s Description of Savannah\\nKindness of South Carolinians\\nTreaty with the Indians 7\\nArrival of the First Ship 7\\nLaying Out of the Town, and Naming of the Streets, Squares,\\nWards, and Tithings 7\\nArrival of Hebrew Settlers\\nAlligators become Troublesome ii\\nArrival of the Salzburgers 9\\nOglethorpe Goes to England 9\\nAppearance of Savannah in 1734 9\\nA Judge Acts in a Three-fold Capacity 11\\nWine and Silk Culture 12\\nDiscontentment 12\\nArrival of Kevs. John and Charles Wesley 13\\nChapter II.\\nSavannah in 1736 14\\nIts Situation 15\\nHouses and People 15\\nLaws and Customs 15\\nTown Lots and Squares 16\\nPublic Buildings 17\\nArrival of Rev. George Whitfield and Mr. James Habersham 18\\nBurial of Tomichichi 18\\nJudge Causton again Introduced 18\\nThe Inhabitants Puzzled 18\\nBuilding of the Orphan House 19\\nCondition of Savannah in 1743 19\\nEstablishment of the First Conmiercial and Manufacturing Houses. 19\\nHostile Indians in Savannah 20\\nOrganization of the L^nion Society 25\\nM eeting of the First General Assembly of Georgia 25\\nFirst (ieneral Muster 26\\nChapter III.\\nArrival of Governor Reynolds 27\\nHis Opinion of the Town 27\\nBurning of the Filature 28", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS.\\nArrival of Governor P^Uis 28\\nA Deadly Blow Aimed at Savannah s Commercial Prospects 2S\\nAnother Treaty with the Indians 29\\nConstruction of the First Wharf 30\\nArrival of Governor Wright and Departure of Governor Ellis 30\\nEstablishment of the First Newspaper and Post-office 31\\nThe Stamp Act Excitement 31\\nArrival of the Stamps 31\\nThe Liberty Boys Threaten to Destroy them 31\\nThe Governor Frightened 32\\nHe is Burnt in EtHgy 32\\nSavannah in 1765 32\\nSouth Carolinians Destroy Vessels Bound to Savannah 33\\nSavannah Merchants Refuse to Import Goods from England 33\\nIncrease of the Spirit of Rebellion 33\\nSeizure of the King s Magazine 35\\nRaising of the First Liberty Pole 35\\nLiberal Views of the Citizens 3-)\\nChaptek IY.\\nOrganization of a Council of Safety 37\\nMeeting of the Provincial Congress 37\\nCapture of a British Vessel Loaded with Powder 38\\nOrganization of a Battalion of Troops 38\\nArrival of Two British ]\\\\Ien-of-War oil Tybee 38\\nGallant Capture of Governor Wright by Major Joseph Habersham 39\\nEscape of the Governor 39\\nHe Advises the People to Furnish Food to his Majesty s Ships. 39\\nAttempt of the British to Capture Rice Ships in front of the Town. 40\\nThe People Resolve to Burn the Houses and Ships before they shall\\nfall into the hands of the enemy 40\\nRepulse of the British 41\\nReception of the Declaration of Independence and Burial of the\\nPolitical Existence of George III 43\\nAdoption of the State Constitution 43\\nSouth Carolina Covets Savannah 43\\nCapture of the Town by the British 44\\nChapter V.\\nTreatment of the Inhabitants by the British )0\\nPlans of the Americans and French to Recapture the Town 51\\nAppearance of the French Troops under Count d Estaing before the\\nTown 51\\nCorrespondence between Count d Estaing and General Prevost re-\\ngarding the Surrender of the Town .53\\nArrival of the Americans 55\\nThe British Reinforced 55\\nCommencement of Hostilities 56\\nBombardment of the Town by the Allies 57\\nWomen and Children Killed 58\\nHouses Demolished 58\\nProgress of the Siege 58\\nUnparalleled Act of Heroism 58\\nWomen and Children not allowed to leave town during the Siege 59\\nAssault upon Spring Hill Redoubt by the Besiegers 60\\nThey are Repulsed with heavy loss 61\\nCount Pulaski and Count d Estaing wounded 62\\nSergeant Jasper mortally wounded while bearing off the Colors\\nof his Regiment 62\\nAbandonment of the Siege 62\\nDeath and Burial of Count Pulaski 64", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS. jjj\\nOhaptek YI.\\nAppearance of the Town after tlie Siege 65\\nKiotous Negroes 65\\nSkirmishes around tlie Town ef\\nAn American Dragoon Killed and his body dragged through the\\nstreets 66\\nSurrender of the Town by the Britisli 67\\nKevival of Business 68\\nOrganization of the Chatham Artillery 68\\nBurial of Major-General Greene 69\\nShipment of the first Bale of Cotton 69\\nIncorporation of Savannali as a City 69\\nVisit of General Washington 69\\nHis Account of his Visit and Description of the City 71\\nDestructive Fire in 1796 73\\nCensus of the City in 1798 73\\nVisit of Vice-President Aaron Burr 73\\nTerrific Gale in 1804 73\\nSavannah during the War of 1812 74\\nCapture of the British I .rig-of-war F.pervier 75\\nChapter YII.\\nArrival of the Steamship Savannah 7P\\nVisit of l resi leut Monroe 76\\nTerrible Conflagration in 1820 77\\nYellow Fever i a the same Year 77\\nVisit of General Lafayette 77\\nDeparture of the Irish Jasper Greens for Mexico 78\\nVisit of President Filmore 78\\nYellow Fever in 1854 78\\nTerrible Gale the same Year 79\\nThe Secession Movement 79\\nHoisting of the Secession Flag 79\\nElection of Delegates to the State Convention 80\\nSeizure of Fort Pulaski, Fort Jackson, and Oglethorpe Barracks 80\\nReassembling of the State Convention SI\\nSaluting the Flag of the Confederate States 81\\nDeparture of the Oglethorpe Light Infantry for Virginia 81\\nBurial of General Bartow 81\\nPlacing Obstructions iu the river 82\\nArrival of General Eobert E. Lee 82\\nReduction of Fort Pulaski 83\\nThreatening Demonstrations of the Knemy 85\\nResolution of Council to Defend the City to the last Extremity.. 86\\nGeneral Lawton Ordered to Virginia, and General Mercer placed\\nin conniiand of Savannah SO\\nCapture of the ironclad Atlanta by the Federals, and capture of\\ntlie armed steamer Water Witch by the Confederates 87\\nArrival of General Sherman s army in front of Savannah 87\\nStorming of Fort McAlister 87\\nEvacuation of Savannah by the Confederate Force 95\\nSurrender of Savannah by the Members of Council 95\\nEntrance of the Federal Troops 97\\nG eneral Sherman s Order 98\\nMeeting of the Citizens 99\\nA surprise for a Blockader 99\\nDrowning of Federal Soldiers on Hutchinson s Island 100\\nIntrenchments thrown up by the Federals 100\\nDestructive Fire and Novel Bombardment 101\\nThe Wives and Children of Officers of the Confederate Army and\\nNavy sent out of the City 105\\nr IiM;i;Al HirAr. SkUTCH OK Gf.XKRAL OgLETHOK I K 105", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "Xii CONTENTS.\\nChaptee VIIT.\\nBiographical Sketch of General Francis 8. Bartow 106\\nVolunteer Companies of Savanuali 112\\nRoll of Honor 119\\nSan annah as it is.\\nThe City 12\u00c2\u00bb\\nTemperature 131\\nHealth 133\\nCommercial Interests and Advantages 135\\nDevelopment of Eesources 137\\nGeorgia Central Railroad 140\\nAtlantic and Gulf Railroad 145\\nSavannah, Seaboard, and Skidaway Railroad 147\\nSavannah and Charleston Railroad 149\\nCanal 149\\nSteamship Lines 149\\nSteamboat Lines 150\\nCity Government 151\\nPolice Department 152\\nFire Department 163\\nPopulation 154\\nEducation 155\\nPlaces of Amusement 159\\nExchange 160\\nGeorgia Historical Society 160\\nWater Works 161\\nCourt-House 162\\nPoorHouse and Hospital 163\\nAbrahm s Home 163\\nBanks 164\\n3Iedical College 164\\nJail 166\\nOustom-House 167\\nFemale Orphan Asylum 167\\nMonuments 169\\nChurches 170\\nMasonic Lodges 182\\nUnion Society 188\\nSt. Andrew s Society 185\\nMedical Society 180\\nHibernian Society 187\\nOdd Fellows Lodges 187\\nIrish Union Society 187\\nHebrew Benevolent Society 188\\nLadies German Benevolent Society 188\\nHarmonic Club 188\\nYoung Men s Library Association 188\\nSt. George s Society 189\\nJoseph Lodge 18!\\nNewspapers 189\\nSuburban Resorts 1!*7", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "s V A. isr isr xV H\\nI walk these ancimt hauiit.-i with reverent tread,\\nAmi seem to gazf iiiion the mighty dead\\nImagination calls u noble train\\nFrom (liij^t anil darkness back to life again.\\nOne huiulied ami Ibirty-five years ago a small tribe of indians\\noccupied the blutl upon which the city of Savamiah now stands.\\nThen the Indian s canoe, oulj raffled the placid waters of tlic\\nSavannah now steam and sail vessels from every clime, attracted\\nby tlie fniits of Savannah s commerce, plough its bosom, coming\\nind going, with keels deeply sunk in the water. Then the smoke\\ncurled lazily upward from a few wigwams now fiery furnaces\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0belch forth volumes of ruddy flame, and on every hand is heaM\\nthe din of hammers and bellows, the voices of men echoing from\\nthe manufactories, wharves, and places of business, where a numer-\\nous population are plying the tireless fingers of industry in the\\ncreation of substantial wealth. Then the woods resounded with\\nthe savage warwhoop now the no less discordant, but more\\ncivilized, steam-whistle is heard as the heavily-laden trains pass to\\nand fro on tlic iron arms which have been stretched in every\\ndhection, clasping in their embrace some of the choicest regions\\nof the country. On every hand are elegant and luxurious man-\\nsions, gardens teeming with flowers of richest and rarest hue\\nchurches and humane institutions; colleges and schools; square^s\\nand jiark tlironged with mature and youthful beautj-, making the\\nbalmy atmosphere vocal with sounds of human life and joj-^ all\\nattesting wealth, refinement, piety, benevolence, intelligence, health,\\n:\\\\nd happiness.\\n1", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": ")ii ri i;i Ai. uK ni c i- savannah.\\nCHAPTER I.\\niiKiu of the Sctt.loniBnt of Savannah Departure of the Colonists Their\\nArrival at Charleston Oglethorpe s Visit to Yamacraw Arrival of the\\nColonists oa the lilufl Friendly OTcrtures of the Indians Oglethorpe\\nDescription of Savannah Kindness of South Carolinians Treaty with\\nth Indians\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Arrival of the First Ship Laying Out ot the Town, and\\nNamiti-f of tlse .streets, S(iuares, Wards, and Tithings Arrival of Hebrew\\nSettlcr.s Alligators become Troublesome Arrival of the Salzburgers\\nOglethorpe Goes to England Appearance of Savannah in 1734 A Judge\\nAct* in a Tliree-fold Capacity AVine and Silk Culture Discontent-\\niiH-nt Arrival of Kev^;. John and Charles Wesley.\\nAbout the year 172; the sufferings of th i)Oor people of England,\\nespecially the debtors, Avho, by the laws of the countr.v wliifA\\ngave to the creditor complete control over them, were thrown into\\n])rison, there to remain in rags and misery the rest of their days,\\nenlisted the sympathy of a number of influential men of London,\\nwho visited the debtors i)risons and adopted measures for their\\nrelief. But owing to the existing laws very little good was accom-\\n))lished, and they ^ought other means ot relief.\\nThese gentlemen, -lohn Lord Viscount I ercival, Edward Digbj,\\nGeorge C arpeuter. .James Oglethorpe, George lleathcote, John\\nLaroche, James ernon, William Beletha, Stephen Hales, Thomas\\nTowei llobert More, Robert Hacks, Koger Holland, William\\nSloper, Francis Eyle;^, .John Burton, liichartl Bandy, Arthur Brad-\\nford, Samuel Smith, Adam Anderson, and Thomas Coram, peti-\\ntioned the Throne to grant them a charter for a separate and distinct\\nl)rovince from Carolina, between the Savannah and Altamahii\\nrivers, to which they designed sending a number of poor people\\nAvho had neitlier lands nor other means of supporting themselrcrt\\nand families.\\nOn the nmth of June, 1 732, his Majesty King G\u00c2\u00aborge the Second\\ngranted the charter, in his letters-patent, reciting, among other\\nthings, that many ol his poor subjects were, through misfortunes\\nand want of employment, reduced to gi eat necessities, and would\\nbe glad to be settled in any of his Majesty s provinces in America,\\nwhere, by cultivating the waste and desolate lands, they might not\\nonly gain a comfortable subsistence, but also strengthen his Majes-\\nty s colonies and increase the trade, navigation, and wealth of his", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "AUr.l\\\\.VI, OF (Ol.OMSlS A r U Vlil-KSl ON.\\nMajesty s roalius; and that tlie proviiK-c of Is orth AmcTicH had\\nbeen frequently ravaged by iudiun enemies, more especially that of\\nSouth Carolina, whose southern frontier contiuned unsettled and\\nlay open to the neighboring savages and to relieve the wants of\\nKaid poor people, and to protect his Majesty s suJyects in South\\nCarolina, a regular colony of the said poor people should be settled\\nand established on the southern frontiers of Carolina.\\nActing under the autlun-ity of their charter, the Trustees held\\ntheir first meeting in July, 17;)- and made arraugemcnts for cany-\\ning their designs into execution, iloney was collected and persons\\nselected to be sent over and settled in the new colony, which they\\nresolved should be on the Savannah liver. James Oglethorpe, who\\nhad been foremost in these philanthrojiic designs, resolved to\\naccompany the colonists, and used every eflbrt toward obtaining\\nworthy persons. No lazy or immoral persons, none who would\\nleave families, none who could obtain subsistence in Englantl, and\\nnone who Avere in debt and could not obtain the con.sent of their\\ncreditors, were selecteil. By the tGlh of Novembc!-, 1 732, thirtj^-\\nHve families, numbering in all about one hundred and twenty-five\\nsober, moral, and industrious persons, had been selected and\\nembarked on the galley Ann, a vessel of two hundred tons builhen.\\ncommanded by Captain John Thomas, then lying in the Thames, a\\nshort distance Ijelow London. Here the Trustees visited them, and\\nasked each family if they were satisfied and desired to go, giving\\nthem the privilege of remaining behind if they so wished. Only\\none man, who had left a sick wife at Soulhwark, declined to go.\\nThey then bid the colonists farewell, and on the following day, the\\n7th of November, the vessel sailed from Gravesend. Among the\\nemigrants was Rev. Henry Herbert, D. D., who had volunteered\\nto accompany and aid them without any compensation.\\nAfter a weary voyage, during which one delicate infant died, the\\nvessel anived in Rebellion Roads, at Charleston, and cast anchor,\\non the tath of Januarj 1733. Oglethorpe immediately landed,\\nand was hospitably received by Governor Johnson and the Conncil\\nof South Carolina, by whose order the King s pilot carried the\\nYessel into Port Royal, and on the 20th the Colonists were landed\\n;*t Beaufort and lodged in the new barracks of his IMajesty s Inde-\\npendent Company. The oflicers of the company, and the people\\nf the town, bestowed every attention possil)!*- upon the new-\\ncomers.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "4 HI8T0U1{-AJ- KKCORD OF SAVANXAK.\\nLeaving the Colonists here to resl themselves and recover froiiif\\nthe fatigue incident to their long voyage, Oglethorpe, accompanied\\nhy Colonel William Bull, of South Carolina, sailed in a small\\nyessel to the Savannah river, to select a site for the proposed settle-\\nment. Aniviug in the riv(T, a pine-crowned bluff attracted their\\nattention, and they lauded to insjiect it. They ffiuud on the western\\nend of the bluff a little Indian village called Yamacraw. The chief\\nof the tribe to A\\\\1iich the village belonged was named Tomichichi.\\nIn the village was a trading-house owned by a. white man named\\nJohn Musgi ove, Jr., \\\\vho had married a half-iireed woman named\\nMary. She could speak both the Indian and English languages.\\nThe top of the bluff was comparatively free from trees, level.\\na,nd admirably adapted for the establishment of a settlement, and\\nOglethorpe being well pleased Avith it, appealed to Mary to obtain\\nfrom the trilje permission for the eniigi-ants to scUle there. The\\ntribe at first refused to grant the request, and threatened to dig up\\nthe hatchet if the settlers came. After much persuasion on the\\npari of Maij, a provisional treaty was granted until the whok^\\nCreek nation could be consulted. Deeming this satisfactory, Ogic-\\nthoipe selected the site, about the centre of the bluff, nan\\\\ed it\\nSavannah, after the river which flowed at its foot, secured the\\nservices of Mary as interpreter for the ^vhites in subsequent inter-\\ncourse with the indians, and left for Beaufort, arriving there on the\\n24th of January. Here he secured a .sloop of seventy tons and five\\nplantation boats, and on the oOlh the colonists embarked for the\\nbluff.\\nThey arrived here on the first of February and landed on the\\nwestern end of the bluff, that being the only point from which an\\nascent could be readily made. The tents and baggage Avere carried\\nup the bluff and along it to four pine trees, under which the four\\nlarge tents were pitched, one for each tithing, into which nmnicipal\\nclivlsions the colonists had been divided before their arrival.\\nThe tents had scarcely been pitched, and the baggage and bedding-\\nplaced therein, before the indians came to Sidute the c^olonists, froni\\n^hose presence they expected to reap manj^ benefits. In front ot\\nthe king and queen, who were followed by about twenty of the\\ntribe, came the medicine-man, advancing witli strange and\\nuncouth antics, having in each hand a spread fan of white feathers,\\nfastened to a rod, hung from top to bottom with little bells, with\\nTfhich he npproaehe l Oglethorpe (who liad advanced a short dis-", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "OOLETHORl KS DKSCKI ITION OF .SAVANNAIt. 5\\nfeiiu;c tVoin liis tent to meet them), and related the deeds of their,\\nancestors, all the while stroking him on each side with the fan, a\\nan expression of the friendship of the tiibe. The king and queen\\nthen welcomed the General, after which the indians partook of au\\nt literUiinment prepared for them in the General s tent.\\nAVork wa8 tlie order of the day for several day8 after tli\u00c2\u00ab\\nlanding, and, nnder the- sui)ervision of their leader, the men felled\\ntrees, liewed timber, cleared the land, and erected palisades. On\\nthe Jth, Oglethorpe and Colonel Bnll marked ont a square, the\\nstreets, and forty lots for liovises, and on the same day commencod\\nthe first house.\\nTlie following day iicnintl Oglethorpe wrote\\nFrom tub Cami sjcau Savanva\\nFebruary 10th, 1733.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2I the Trusfroi for J-MaMi-ikiiti) the uluivj of Geor/jiri in Aini iku:\\niKNTLBMEN 1 travc you an occotiiit, in my last, of our arrival at Charle5fo\u00c2\u00bb.\\nrtii; Governor and Assembly liave iriven iis all i)Ossible encoiiragcmcut. Our\\nIJi ople arrived at IJeaul ort on the 20th oC .January, where I lodged thc-tii i\u00c2\u00bb\\nnuc new barracks, bnilt lor the soldiers, while I went jnyselt to view tlas\\ni^avaiinah river. 1 lixed iijion a healthy (situation, about ten miles IVom the wa.\\nThe river here forms a half moon, along the south side of which the banki\\nsire about forty foot high, and on the top tlat, which they call a blntV. Thw\\njilain hijrh jiround extends into the country live or six mile?, and along\\nriver side about a mile. Ships that draw twelve foot water can ride withia\\nten yards of the bank. Upon the river side in the centre of this plain I hii\u00c2\u00bbo\\nlaid out the town. Opposite to it is an Island of very rich pastnrage, whioii\\nt think shouhl be kept for the Trustee s cattle. The river is pretty wide, the\\nwater fresh, and from the Key of the town you see its wliole course to ttic m\u00c2\u00bb.,\\nwith the Island of I ybee, which forms the mouth of the river; and the other\\nway. you sec the river for about six miles up into the country. The lan-tl\\n.-cape is very agreeable, the stream being wide, and bordered with high wood\u00c2\u00bb\\nmi both siifes. The whole people arrived here on the lirst of February. At\\nnight their tents were got up. Till the seventh we were taken up in unload-\\ning, and making a crane, which I the)i could not get tinished, so took off tlic\\nliaiuls, and set some to the fortilication, and began to fell the woods. I\\nmarked out the town and common; half of the former is already cleared, and\\nthe first house was begun yesterday in the afternoon. Not being able to get\\nnegroes. 1 have taken ten of the inde))endent company to work for us, foi\\nwhich I make them an allowance. I send you a copy of the resolutions of\\nthe as.scmbly, and the Governor and Council s letter to me. Mr. Whitakcr\\nhas given us one hundred head of cattle. Colonel T.ull, Mr. Barlow, Mr. St.-\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2lulian, and Mr. Woodward, are come up to assist us with some of their owh\\n.servants. 1 am so taken up in looking alter a hundred necessary things, that\\nI write now short, but shall give you a more particular account hiireaftcr. A\\nlittle Indian nation, the only one within fillty niilo\u00c2\u00ab. U not only at aniity. but\\n1*", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "C^ 1118T0IMCAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\ndesires to be subjects of his Majesty, King George, to have lands given them\\niimon,!? us, and to breed their children at our schools. Their Chief, and hi\u00c2\u00bb\\nbeloved man, who is the second man in the nation, desire to be instructed in\\nthe Christian religion.\\nI am, gentlemen, your most obedient, humble servant.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2lAMES OGLETHOKrK.\\nHi; wrote, on the 1 2th\\nOur j)eople still lie in tents; tliere being only two clapboard houses built^\\nand three sawed houses framed. Our crane, our battery of cannon, our\\nttiagazine, are finished. This is all we have been able to do, by reason of th*\\nfcmallness of our number, of which many have been sick, and others unused\\nto labour, though 1 thank God they arc now pretty well, and we have not lost\\none since our arrival.\\nDuring this time the Govcmor, Council, and the people of South\\nCarolina vied with one another in extending aid to the colonistsi,\\nand in proof thereof we cite from the mss. account of bencfac-\\nlions made by South Carolina to the province of Georgia the\\nrecord of individual benefactions, the public ones having been\\nalrcji^ly mentioned\\nFebruary f oloucl Bull came to Savannah witti four laborers, ami a ^sirfei*\\nthe colony for a month, he himself measuring the scantling and setting out\\nfhi; work for the sawyers, aud giving the i)roportion of tlie bouses. Mr.\\n\\\\Vl itaki f and bis friends sent the colony one hundred head of cattle. Mr.\\nSt. Julian came to Havannah and staid a month, directing the people i\u00c2\u00bb\\nbuilding their bouses and other work. Mr Hume gave a silver boat and\\nHXK)u for the lirst cliild born in Georgia, which being bom of Mrs. Closv,\\nwere given accoidiiigly. Mr. dosci)h Bryan, himself, with four of his saw\\nvers, gave two months work in the colony. The inhabitants of Edisto sent\\n.-ixteen sheep. Mr llauimerton gave a drum. Mrs. Ann Drayton sent two\\n(\u00c2\u00bbair of .sawyers to work in the colony. Colonel Bull and Jlr Bryan came\\ni Savannah with twenty servants, whose labor they gave to the colony,\\nilis Exeellemy Itoliert .Tohnson gave seven horses, valued at \u00c2\u00a32. Carolina\\neiivreney.\\nEaily in jVIaj (Jeneral Oglethorpe made a short trip to Charles-\\nton, S. C, where he met with a most cordial reception from the\\nGovernor aud Legislature and from the people of that State. HLh\\nsolicit.itions for assistance were answered by the Assembly, which\\nvoted A 10,000 currency, and the chizens of Charleston subscribed\\ni 1,000 cun cncy, X iOO of Avhich were immediately paid down.\\nThe General, well i leased with his hospitable reception and the\\nliberal re. ^ponses 1o ]\u00c2\u00bbis request for aid. returned to Savannah on the", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "Al. KlVAL OF THE FlUST SHU j\\n:*Jst of May, just in time to meet the representatives of the nine\\ntribes of the Cheek indians, who had assembled in solemn conncil\\nlo strengthen the provisional treaty which had Iwen made with\\nTomichichi.\\nAfter the usual forni ililies, and a distribution of presents by\\nOen. Oglethoipe. Tomichichi addressed him as follows\\nilvvv is a little iircbent; I give you a buffalo skin, adonicil on the ia jid\u00c2\u00ab\\nwith the liead and leathers of an eagle, \u00e2\u0096\u00a0which I desire you to acc-ept, because\\nlUe eagle is the emblem of speed and the buffalo of strength; the Englisli\\nHfe as swift as the bird and strong as the beast: since, like the former, they\\nt!ew over vast seas to the uttermost parts of the earth; and like the latter,\\nthey arc so strong that nothing can withstand them; the feathers of the cagl\u00c2\u00ab\\nie soft, and signify love; the buffalo s skivi is warm, and signifies protection;\\ntbi refbre. 1 \\\\\\\\o\\\\w the English will love and ])rotect their little families.\\nA treaty was elFected, providing that the indians should pemiil\\nThe Trustees to trade in their towns and that they should mak*;\\nlestitution for any injuries done by the colonists to the indiau*.\\n\\\\vho, on their part, further agreed to allow the Trustees people\\nto make use of and possess all those lands which they had n*)\\noccasion to use: not to molest nor rob any of the English, ami,\\nfinally. to keep the talk in their heads so long as the sun shall\\n^^hine or the waters nm into the rivers.\\nTini sliip James, Captain Yoaklej-, witli several colonists on\\nboard, sailed up the Savannah and unloaded at the town a shon\\nlime after the treaty. Captain Yoakley was given the prize whick\\nthe Trustees had offered to the lirst ship that should sail up the\\nSavannah river and unload at the town.\\nBy the seventh of July, one hundred and fifty more settlerji\\nanived, a large number of whom came at their own e.vpensc a\\nlarge tract of land was cleared and a number of houses crecte l,\\nand it was resolved to designate the town, wards, squares, and\\nstreets with fomixl ceremonies. Accordingly, on that day the emi-\\ngrants assembled in front of Oglethorpe s tent, and after solemn\\nreligious ceremonies they proceeded to name the wards and assign\\nthe lots. Four wards were marked off and named lieathcote.\\nafter Sir William lieathcote; Percival, after Lord Percival, the:\\nfirst President of the Trustees Derby, after Earl of Derby and\\nDecker, after Sir William Decker. These wards were then divided\\ninto sixteen tithings, and named Digby, Carpenter, Frederick, Tyr-\\nconnel, More. Ilucks, Tower, lieathcote, Eyles. I.i;iroche. Vernon,", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": ",v^ HI8T0KKAL KECOKJD OF SAVANKAH.\\nIMethrt, Holland, Sloper, Wilmington, and Jekyll.* The ft^e\\nHtreets which intersected the wards and tithings at right angles were\\nnamed in honor of the South Carolinians who aided the colony\\nDull, Whitaker, Drayton, St. Julian, and Bryan. A square was\\nalso laid out, and as a mark of the respect and esteem which the\\noloni8ts bore to Governor Johnson, of South Carolina, it wa\u00c2\u00ab\\nnamed after him. The assignment of the lots was next in order,\\nAvJiich, after a display of considerable tact on the part of Ogle-\\nthorpe to settle amicably the differences which arose In regard to\\niJie choice of lociility, was accomplished by dinner-time. A boun-\\nteous repast was then partaken of.\\nMter dinner, a town court of record was established, the bailiffs\\ninducted into office, a jury empanneled, and the first court in\\nGeorgia held. This court was composed of three bailiffs, a recorder,\\n;K;ting as clerk, and twelve free-holdere. The members of ths\\ncourt were ordered to wear, while sitting on the bench, majestcritU\\n.Ljowns, those of the bailiff being purple, edged with fur, and that\\n(or the recorder being black, tufted. Messrs. Samuel Parker,\\nI liomas Young, Joseph Cole, John Wright, John West, Timothy\\nHowling, John Milledge, Henry Close, Walter Fo.v, John Grady,\\n.)ameH Carwcll, and Richard Cannon composed the first grand jwtj.\\nFour days after these ceremonies a colony of Israelites arriTei\\n\u00e2\u0099\u00a6lirect from liondon, named as follows Dr. Nuuis and his mothcT,\\nMrs. Nunis Daniel Ptoses Nunis, Sipra Nunis, and Shem Noah,\\nJhoir sen ant Mr. llenriques and wife, and Shem, their servant\\nMr. and Mrs. Banial David OUvera; Jacob Olivera, wife, ani3\\nfluec children, David, Isaac, and Leah Aaron Depivea Benja-\\nuiin Gideon; Jacob Costa; David Depass and wife; Vene Ileal;\\nMolena David Moranda Jacob Moranda David Cohen, wife,\\nand four children, Isaac, Hannah, Abigail, and Grace Abrahant\\nMinis and wife, with their two daughters, Leah and Esther\\nSimeon JVIinis Jacob Yowall Benjamin Sheftall and Avife and\\nAbraham DeLyoii all coming at their own expense.\\nSome persons in Ergland became offended when the arrival of\\nlliis party was ri ported, and wrote to the Trustees, stating that they\\nwould not conti-ibute money for the support of the colony so long\\nas the Hebrews remained. The Trustees wrote to the commis-\\nWilmington tithing was named after the Karl t f Wilmington, and Jckyll\\nAfte.v .Sir Joseph .Teky)I. Master of the I{(il)s.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "(XJLKTIIOKIM-: i( r.S T(l F,NGL\\\\N1\\njiioncrs who had sent them over to use their eudeavors thai the\\nsaid Jews be removed from the colony of Georgia. Oglelhoqx\\nwas also written to by the Trustees, who desired him to use hi.\\ntindeavors to prevent tlieir settling with any of the givantees. In\\nreply, Oglethorpe praised their good conduct, and especially coin-\\ncommeuded the skill and kindness of Dr. Nunis, who, since hif-\\narrival, had rendered valuable services to the sick colonists. Ogle-\\nthor[X very -wisely refused to move them, and time has proven\\nthat, had he complied with the request of the Trustees, the colony\\nwould have lost some of its most moral and industrious citizens.\\nAlthough Oglethorpe did all he could to make theu new-fountJ\\nhome pleasant and comfortable, yet the civil disabilities under which\\nIhey labored, the poor condition of the colonj^ and the advantages\\nheld out by tlic Charlestonians, induced all but three of the familie.-?.\\nthe ISIinises, DeLj ons, and Sheftalls, to go to Charleston.\\nAbout this period the iiUigators, which hid at first been frightened\\naway by the bustle and noise made in building houses, felling\\nfrees, and the like, grew bold, and amused themselves by strolling\\nabout town at night, much to the annoyance and teixor of tlu^\\ninhabitants. And jNIr. Oglethorpe, says the minutes of the Tnis-\\ntees, to take off the terror which the people had for aligatoi-s.\\nhaving wounded and caught sne, twelve feet long, had him broughl\\n\u00c2\u00abp to the town, and set the boys to beat him with sticks until hi\\nw:is beat to death.\\nFrom this time nothing of particular moment marked the hislori.-\\nof Savannah until the 12th of ]\\\\rarch, 17o+. On this day the\\nPurysburgh arrived, bringing seventy-eight Salzburgcrs, who pre-\\nferred to forsake their homes and seek new ones in a foreign and\\nalmost unknown land rather than give up their religion. Ogle-\\nthorpe established them at a place twenty-four miles from Savan-\\nnah, which they called Ebenezer.\\nAfter seeing the new colony settled, Oglethorpe left for England,\\ncarrying with him Tomichichi and one or two other Indian chief-;,\\nin order that they might become impressed with the strength and\\ngreatness of the English people, to strengthen the friendship of\\nthe Indians, and also to interest the English in them. Tlie colony\\nwas now left in charge of the bailiffs.\\n^Tien Oglethorpe departed, there were, including the public\\nbviildings, ninety-one houses in the town, and the inhabitants wer\u00c2\u00ab-\\nin a hcidthy and pro.sperou\u00c2\u00ab condition. The squares, streets, ward", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "10 IIISIOKHAI. t:;;((i]il) OK SAVAWAU.\\nand tithings laid out aud named, the lots and houses assigned. A\\ncomt-house, public mill and oven, a house for strangers, public\\nstore, parsonage-house, and guard-house built, a craiK; for hauling\\ngoods up the bluff erected, a lort and palisades to prevent an\\nattack by land, and a batteiy on the bluir to prevent the appi-oar it\\nof an enemy by water, established. A map of the lowu wa^\\ndrawn, by Peter Gordon, on the 2itlh of March, I7.U, about a\\nmonth previous to the Gciieral s departure, which gives an accurate\\ndescription of the town as it then was. There was then no stre t\\nbetween the river and the houses Avhich were on the same line as\\nthose now located on the south side of Bay street. The places of\\nnote arc marked on tiie map, and their sites can be readily i ointed\\nout at this time.\\nThe four pine trees under Avhich (iie colonists pilched lluir fdui\\ntents and slept tlie fu-st night in Cieorgia were situated nearly on\\nthe edge of the bluil between Bull and Whitaker streets, in front\\nof where Robert Ilabcrsliam Co. s commission hou.se now stand.\u00c2\u00ab.\\nThe Stairs going up (I) were located a little east of the tree.\u00c2\u00ab,\\nabout where INIajor 1^. IT. Behn s commission house no\\\\v stands.\\nMr. Oglethorpe s Tent (2) was nearly under the cluster of trees.\\nThe Crane and Bell {o), the first used to haul goods up the blulf\\nand the other to call the colonists together for wt)rship, Avork, and\\nother purposes, vi ere situated west of the trees, the crane on the\\ndge of the bluff and the bell just in the rear of the crane both\\non the site now occupied by the business house of Tj. J. Guilmartin\\nCo.\\nThe Tabei-iiacle and C ourldiouse (1) was ou J hill sl.)-eet, occu;))-\\nii-ig the groiuid )iow ()c ,ui)i( d hy the I car portion of the euslom-\\nhouse.\\nThe Public Mill was located ou Bryan streel, where now\\nstands the establishment of U. Cranston.\\nThe House for Strangers stood on the site now occupied by\\nthe crockeiy and chinaware establishment of E. D. Smythe Co..\\non the south side of St. Julian, second door east of Whitaker street.\\nThe Pul)lic Oven (7) stood on the northeast corner of CongrcJ^s\\nand Whitaker streets, Avherc now stands the extensive jewelry\\nestablishment of S. P. Hamilton.\\nThe Draw-well (8) was situated in tlie centre of Bull street\\nwhere Congress Street lane intersects it.\\nThe Lot for the Church was laid out, but no church was Iniill", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "A J5AILIIK VUSKS TKOLT.LI:. H\\nupon it for sevcial yoars afterward, (lirist church occupies tlie.\\nJot now.\\nThe Public Store (10) was located where the Stat\u00c2\u00ab b;ink now\\nSt a mis.\\nThe Fort (1 1) was situated on what i^^ now the line of President\\n:*treet, and near Oglethoipe square.\\nThe Parsonage-house (12) was situated in the middle of what i-^\\nnow Congress street, and on the west side of what is now lleynoldM\\nM|uarc.\\nThe Palisades (13) Averc erected on a line extending from the\\nblufl, at a point where now stands the business house of Hunter\\nGammell, to the centre of what is now the block between Bay lane\\nand Bryan street, and Di ayton and Aberconi streets.\\nThe Guard-house (14) and the battery of cannon were situated\\non the bluff, just at the foot of Drayton street.\\nHutchinson s island (15) is seen on the opposite side of the river.\\nAs has been stated, the colony Avas left under the charge of the\\nthree bailiffs, but one of them, John Causton, usurped all authority\\nand made the other two simply his tools. His conduct was so\\noverbearing that the colonists preferred charges against him, in\\nwhich it was stated that he was of low origin and had become\\nintoxicated with the powers vested in him, and was proud, haughty,\\nand cruel that he had threatened jurors whose verdicts did not\\ncorrespond with his inclination or humor that he had compelled\\neight freeholders, with an otlieor, to attend at the door of the court\\nliouse while it was in session, with their guns and bayonets, who\\nhad orders to rest their tire-locks as soon as he appeared thai\\nhe had threatened all, without distinction, who dared to oppose\\nhis arbitrary proceedings, or claimed their just rights and privileges,\\nwith the jail, stocks, and whipping-post, until he had rendered\\nJiimself a tciTor to the people, and especially to jurors, who were\\nafraid to act according to their consciences that he had misapplied\\n(he pxiblic moneys; that everj-thing had gone to ruin; that the\\nHritish nation was deceived (by him) with the fame of a hapi)y,\\nnourishing colony, and of its being free from that pest and scourge\\nof mankind called lawyers, for the want of whose legal assistance\\nthe poor, miserable inhabitants are exposed to a more arbitrary\\ngoremment than ever was exercised in Turkey and Muscovy.\\nThese representations of Causton s conduct caused his removul\\nbv the Tmstees. and Mr. Gordon was sent over to a.ssume the", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "J2 lII^TOVacAL UECOKI) OK .^AVAXKAir.\\npower antl duties of chief magistrate. He possessed considerabla\\nability and soon bfecame a favorite witli the people, and would\\n)\u00c2\u00bbave restored order and harmony, had not the cunning of old\\nCaoston pointed out an expedient to remove him. Causton w*??\\nkeeper of the public stores, and refused to allow Gordon eithei\\nmoney or provisions. Gordon, ha\\\\ing no way to support himself\\nand family, was compelled to return to England six w^eeks after\\nhis arrival. His departure and the death of his successor, JMi-.\\nDurn, who died a few daj S after his appointment, left the field\\nopen for Causton to resume his arbitrary rule.\\nThe impartiahty of Judge Causton is shown in the trial of\\naptain Joseph Watson. Charges had been preferred against\\nthis militia officer by Causton, to the etfect that he had stirred\\nup animosities in the minds of the Indians, and for this he was\\naiTaigned before the court, in w hich Causton was judge, witness,\\nand advocate. The jury brought in a verdict that Watson was\\nnot guilty of any crime but that of having used some unguarded\\nexpressions. This verdict did not suit Causton, who ordered the\\njury to find another verdict, but they returned with the same\\nwhereupon Causton again ordered them to retire and find the\\naccused guiltj and recommend him to the mercy of the court,\\nimagining him to be a lunatic. The jury finally found the\\naccused guilty of lunacy whereupon Causton ordered him to\\nprison, \u00e2\u0096\u00a0where he remained nearly three years without having\\nsentence pronounced upon him.\\nDuring the absence of Oglethorpe attempts were made to culti-\\nvate gi ape vines and mulberry trees to make wine and silk\\nin the Trustees garden, which had been laid out and enclosed\\nat the east end of the town. The ground there was not adapted\\nfor the purpose, and those thus employed found themselves\\ncultivating a poor bit of sand which, in the heat of summer,\\nwould have roasted an egg. The trees did not flourish and\\nthe vines were parched with heat. The Trustees w ere notified\\nof this, and another spot was selected. While the gardeners were\\nso unsuccessful, Mr Abram DeLyon, who had been a vigneron\\nin Portugal, cultivated in his garden several varieties of grape,\\namong which were the Oporto and Malaga, to great perfection.\\nThe inhabitants of Savannah, in common with those of the other\\nsettlements, became discontented while Oglethorpe was absent,\\n:ind upon his arrival in February, 1736, he experienced considerable\\ndiflBculty in allaying the dissatisfaction.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "ARRIVAL OF REVS. JOHN AND CHARLES WESLEY. ^3\\nRevs. John and Charles Wesley came over with Oglethorpe,\\nand aided him in restoring harmony. On the Sunday after their\\na,rrival, Rev. John Wesley* (afterward the founder of Methodism)\\npreached his first sermon in America, his text being from the\\nEpistle of the day 13th chapter 1st Corinthians and christian\\ncharity his theme.\\nThe popularity of this divine was very great with the people of Savan-\\nnah. On one occasion during his stay in the colony a ball and public prayers\\nwere announced to take place at the same time. At the hour appointed,\\nsays a chronicler of the times, the church was full, while the ball-room\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0was so empty that the entertainment could not go forward.\\n2", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "24 HISK^UICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nCAPTER II.\\nSavannah in 1736 Its Situation Houses and People Laws and Cus-\\ntoms Town Lots and Squares Public Buildings Arrival of Rev.\\nGeorge Wliitfleld and Mr. James Habersham Burial of Toniichichi\\nJudge Causton again Introduced The Inhabitants Puzzled Building\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0of the Orphan House Condition of Savannah in 1743 Establishment\\nof the First Commercial and Manufacturing Houses Hostile Indians in\\nSavannah Organization of the Union Society Meeting of the First\\nGeneral Assembly of Georgia First General Muster.\\nMr. Francis Moore visited the colony in 1736, and wrote an\\nAccount* of bis visit, in which he described Savannah as follows\\nSavannah is about a mile and a quarter in circumference; it stands upon\\nthe flat of a hill; the bank of the river (which they in barbarous English\\ncall a blutf) is steep and about forty-flve feet perpendicular, so that all\\nheavy goods are brought up by a crane, an inconvenience designed to be\\nremedied by a bridge-wharf, and an easy ascent, which, in laying out the\\ntown, care ;vas taken to allow room for, there being a very wide strand\\nbetween the first row of houses and the river. From this strand there is\\na very pleasant prospect; you can see the river wash the foot of the hill,\\nwhich is a hard, clear, sandy beach a mile in length; the water is fresh,\\nand the river one thousand foot wide. Eastward you see the river increased\\nby the northern branch which runs around Hutcliinson s island, and the\\nCarolina shore beyond it, and the Avoody islands at the sea, which closes\\nthe prospect at ten or twelve miles distance. Over against it is Hutchinson s\\nisland, great jiart of which is open ground, where they mow hay for the\\nTrustees horses and cattle. The rest is woods, in which there are many\\nbay trees eighty foot high. Westward you see the river winding between\\ntlie woods, with little islands in it, for many miles.\\nThe town of Savannali is built of wood; all tlie houses of the first forty\\nfreeholders are of tlie same size witli that Mr. Oglethorpe lives in,t but\\nthere are great numbers built since\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1 believe one hundred or one hundred\\nand fifty; many of these are much larger; some of two or three stories high,\\nthe boards jilained and painted. Tlie houses stand on large lots, sixty foot\\nin front by ninety foot in depth; each lot has a fore and back street to it;\\nthe lots are fenced in with split poles some people have palisades of split\\nwood before their doors, but the generality have been wise enough not to\\nthrow away their money, which in tliis country, laid out in husbandry, is\\ncapable of great improvements.\\nThere are several people of good substance in the town, who came at\\nThe account is published in the Collections of the Georgia Historical\\nSociety.\\nt Sixteen by twenty-four feet.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "SAVAXN.Ur IN noti.\\n15\\ntheir own expense, and also several of those who came over on the Charity\\nare in a very thriving way but this is observed, that the most substantial\\npeople are the most frugal, and make the least show, and live at the least\\nexpense. There are some also who have made but little or bad use of\\nthe beneiits they received, idling away their times, whilst they had their\\nprovisions from the public store, or else working for hire, earning from\\ntwo shillings, the price for a laborer, to four or five shillings, the price of\\na carpenter, per diem, and spending that money in rum and good living,\\nthereby neglecting to improve their lands, so that when their time of\\nreceiving their provisions from the public ceased they were in no forward-\\nness to maintain themselves out of their own lands. As they chose to be\\nhirelings when they might have improved for themselves, the consequence\\nof that folly forces them now to work for their daily bread. These are\\ngenerally discontented with the country; and if they have run themselves\\nin debt, their creditors will not let them go away till they have paid. Con-\\nsidering the number of people, there are but few of these. The industrious\\nones liitve throve beyond expectation most of them that have been there\\nthree years, and many others, have houses in the town, which those that let\\nhave for the worst ten pounds per annum, and the best for thirty pounds.\\nThose who have cleared their five-acre lots have made a very great profit\\nout of them by greens, roots, and corn. Several have improved the cattle\\nthey had at first, and have now five or six tame cows; others who, to save\\nthe trouble of feeding them, let them go into the woods can rarely find\\nthem, and when they are brought up, one of them will not give half the\\nquantity of milk which another cow fed near home will give. Their houses arc\\nbuilt at a pretty large distance from one another, for fear of fire the streets\\nare very wide, and there are great squares left at proper distances for markets\\nand other conveniences. Near the river side is a guard-house inclosed with\\npalisades a foot thick, where there are iiineteevi or twenty cannons mounted\\nand a continual guard kept by the freeholders.\\nThe town is governed by three bailiffs, and has a recorder, register, and\\na town court, which is holden every six weeks, where all matters, civil and\\ncriminal, are decided by grand and petit juries, as in England; but there\\nare no lawyers allowed to plead for him; nor no attorneys to take nioneyi\\nbut (as in old times in England) every man pleads his own cause. In case\\nit should be an orphan, or one that can not speak for themselves, there arc\\npersons of the best substance in the town appointed by the Trustees to take\\ncare of the orphans and to defend the helpless, and that without fee or\\nreward, it being a service that each that is capable must perform in his turn.\\nThey have some laws and customs that are peculiar to Georgia; one is\\nthat all brandies and distilled liquors are prohibited under severe penalties;\\nanother is; that no slavery is allowed, nor negroes; a third, that all persons\\nwho go among the Indians must give security for their good behavior;\\nbecause the Indians, if any injury is done to them and they can not kill\\n(!ie man that does it, expect satisfaction from the government, which if not\\nprocured they break out into war by killing the first white man they con-\\nveniently can.* No victualler or alehouse-keeper can give any credit, .so\\nAll west of JefTerson street from the bluff to the south side of South", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "Jg HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nconsequently can not recover any debt. The freeholds have all been entailed^\\nwhich has been very fortunate for the place. If people could have sold,,\\nthe greatest part, before they knew the value of their lots, would have parted\\nwith them for a trifling condition, and there Mere not wanting rich men\\nwho emploj^ed agents to monopolize the whole town.\\nIn order to maintain many people, it was proper that the land should be\\ndivided into small portions, and to prevent the uniting them by marriage\\nor purchase. For every time two lots were united the town loses a family,\\nand the inconveniency of this shows itself at Savannah, notwithstanding\\nthe care of the Trustees to prevent it. They suffered the moity of the lots to\\ndescend to the widows during their lives those who remarried to men who\\nhad lots of their own, by uniting two lots made one be neglected; for the\\nstrength of hands who could take care of one was not sufficient to look to\\nand improve two. These uncleared lots are a nuisance to their neighbors.\\nThe trees which grow upon them .shade the lots, the beasts take shelter in\\nthem, and for want of clearing the brooks which pass through them the lands\\nabove are often prejudiced by floods. To prevent all these inconveniences,\\nthe first regulation of the Trustees was a strict Agrarian law, by which all\\nthe lands near towns should be divided, 50 acres to each freeholder. The\\nquantity of land by experience seems rather too much, since it is impossible\\nthat one poor family can tend so much land. If this allotment is too much,\\nhow much more inconvenient would the uniting of two be? To prevent it\\nthe Trustees grant the land in tail-male, that on the expiring of a male line\\nthey may regrant it to such man, having no other lot, as shall be married to\\nthe next female heir of the deceased as is of good character. This manner\\nof dividing prevents, also, the sale of lands, and the rich thereby monopo-\\nlizing the country.\\nEach freeholder has a lot in town sixty foot by ninety foot, besides which\\nhe has a lot beyond the common of five acres for a garden. Every ten houses\\nmake a tithing, and to every tithing there is a mile square, which is divided\\ninto twelve lots, besides roads each freeholder of the tithing has a lot or\\nfarm of forty-five acres there and two lotst are reserved by the Trustees in\\norder to defray the charge of the public. The town is laid out for two hun-\\ndred and forty freeholds the quantity of land necessary for that number is\\ntwenty-four square miles every forty houses in town make a ward, to which\\nfour square miles in the country belong; each ward has a constable, and\\nunder him four tithing-men.\\nWhere the town land ends the villages begin; four villages make award\\nout, which depends upon one of the wards within the town. The use of this\\nis, in case a war should happen, the villages without may have places in the\\ntown to bring their catties and families into for refuge, and for that purpose\\nthere is a square left in every ward big enough for the outwards to encamp\\nin. There is a ground also kept ai-ound about the town ungranted, in order\\nfor the fortifications whenever occasion shall require. Beyond the villages\\nBroad street, thence to the eastern limits of the city, was the boundary. On\\nthe trees at intervals along this boundary line, planks, one side painted white\\nthe other red, were nailed to show the people they could not go over that\\nmark to cut wood, as it belonged to the Indians.\\nt These lots were called Trust Lots.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS IN 1V38. jy\\ncommences lots of five huiKlred acres; tliese are granted upon terms of keep-\\ning the servants, c. There is near the town to the east a garden belonging\\nto the Trustees consisting of ten acres; the situation is delightful, one half of\\nit upon the top of the hill, the foot of which the Savannah river washes, and\\nfrom it you see the woody islands in the sea. Tlie remainder of the garden\\nis the side and some plain low ground at the foot of the hill, where several\\nline springs broke out.\\nThe constant arrival of persons from England and other places,\\nto settle in the various settlements in Georgia, contributed to swell\\nthe population of Savannah, many being so well pleased with the\\ntown that they refused to go further, and made it their home. Con-\\nsequently, in 1738, we find that the town has been considerably\\nenlarged, new streets, wards, and squares laid out and new houses\\nbuilt. Notwithstanding this manifest improvement in the popula-\\ntion and dimensions in the town, very little if any attention was\\npaid to the public buildings, as will be seen from the following\\naccount of them written at that time\\nThe public works in this town are: 1. A Court-house, being one handsome\\nroom, with a piache on three sides. This likewise serves as a church for\\ndivine service, none having been ever built, notwithstanding the Trustees in\\ntheir public acts acknowledged the receipt of about seven hundred pounds\\nsterling from charitable persons for that express purpose.\\n2. Opposite the Court-houSe stands the log house or prison (which is the\\nonly one remaining of five or six that have been successively built in Savan-\\nnah), that place of terror and support of absolute power in Georgia.\\n3. Nigh thereto is a house built of logs, at a very great charge, as was\\nsaid, for the Trustees steward; the foundation below ground is rotten, as the\\nwhole fabric must be in a short time, for the roof being flat the rain comes\\nin at all parts of it.\\n4. The Storehouse, which has been many times altered and amended at a\\nvery great charge, and it now serves as a store for the private benefit of one\\nor two.\\na. The Guard-house, which was first built on the bluff, soon decayed, as did\\na second, through improper management, this now standing being the third.\\nSeveral flag-staffs were likewise erected, the last of which, according to com-\\nmon report, cost f -50 sterling.\\n6. A Public Mill for grinding corn was first erected, at a considerable\\nexpense, in one square of the town, but in about three years time (without\\ndoing the least service) it fell to the ground. In another square of the town\\na second was set up, at a far greater expense, but never finished, and is now\\nerased and converted into a house for entertaining the Indians and other such\\nlike uses.\\n7. Several of the houses which were built by freeholders, for want of heirs\\nmale, are fallen to the Trustees (even to the prejudice of the lawful creditors\\nof the deceased) and are disposed of as the General thinks proper.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "jg HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nAt least two lumdred lots were taken up in Savannah, about one hundred\\nand seventy of which were built upon.\\nRev. George Whitfield, who had seciu-ed from the Trustees a\\ntract of hind near Savannah for the purpose of building an asylum\\nfor the poor children, arrived in May, 1737, accompanied by Mr.\\nJames Habersham.\\nIn October of this year a grand council of the chiefs of the four\\ntowns of the Creek nation was held in Savannah, and with the\\nassistance of Tomichichi another treaty was arranged, by which\\nthe Indians agreed to form a friendly alliance with the English and\\nassist them against their enemies. This was the last opportunity\\nthat Tomichichi had to show his friendship to the colonists, who\\nwere indebted greatly to him for protection. He died the following\\nOctober. In compliance with his request that he might be buried\\namong the English, his remains were brought from his place above\\nthe town in a canoe, and were met at the bluff by Oglethoipe, the\\nthe civil authorities, and the citizens, all of whom, out of respect,\\nassembled to assist in the funeral obsequies. A procession was\\nformed, and the corpse, M ith Oglethorpe and Colonel Stephens, the\\nPresident, as pall-bearers, was escorted to Percival square, minute\\nguns being fired from the Battery the while. As the body was\\nlowered into the earth three volleys of musketry were fired by the\\nmilitia.\\nThe close of 1739 introduces John Causton again he had con-\\ntinued his arbitrary measures up to this time. William Stephens,\\nThomas Christie, and Thomas Jones, Esqs., were appointed to\\nexamine his accounts, which Avere never satisfactorily settled,\\nand Causton was removed for mal-practice in oflice. This duty\\nwas hardly over before the services of Mr. Stephens were again\\ncalled for.\\nThe Council of the Trustees had met in London and adopted a\\nseries of long resolutions relating to the grants and tenure of lands\\nin Georgia, which were incomprehensible. They were published in\\nthe Charleston papers, but as they were not understood Stephens\\nwas requested to read and explain them as he went along. This he\\nproceeded to do one day at the court-house, but, though he exerted\\nhis utmost abilities, failed to explain them satisfactorily. After\\nhe gave up, one of the settlers ludicrously remarked that the\\nNow Court-house square.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "THE FIRST COMMERCIAL HOUSE. 19\\nwliole paper cousisted of males and tails* and that all the lawyers\\nin London would not be able to bring the meaning down to his\\ncomprehension, and that he understood as little of its meaning then\\na.s he had when Stephens began others wished to know how\\noften these two words had occurred in the resolutions that the\\nnumber ought to be preserved as a cmiosity and that the author\\nof the resolutions ought to be lodged in bedlam for lunacy.\\nThe building of the Orphan House was commenced in 1740,\\nand located on what was then described to be a sandy bluff near\\nthe sea-shore, and was named Belhesda. The house was con-\\n.structed under the superintendence of Mr. Joseph Habersham, who\\ntook a warm interest in the laudable undertaking. An account of\\nthis noble charity will be found under the head of Bethesda.\\nThe invasion of Georgia by the Spaniards from Florida occm-red\\nat this period, and caused many people to leave Savannah, fearing\\nthat the enemy would reach it and massacre the inhabitants.\\nOwing to the generalship of Oglethorpe and the bravery of the\\ncolonists, who volunteered to defend then homes, the enemy were\\nrepulsed before arriving within many miles. This war retarded the\\nsettlers from making any improvements, and at its close Savannah\\nwas in anything but a flourishing condition, yet under the smiling\\ninfluences of peace the settlers again went to work and soon\\nplaced the town ui30u a better footing than ever before. When\\nOglethorpe finally left the colony, m 1 743, there were three hundred\\nand fifty-thi-ee houses, exclusive of the public buildings. Anaong\\nthese were a number of elegant houses surrounded by large gardens.\\nMr. James Habersham, of whom we have before had occasion\\nto speak, together witli Mr. Charles Harris, established here, in\\n17-1:4, the first commercial house in Georgia. The firm was known\\nas Harris Habersham,! and gave great encom-agemeut to the\\nplanters, from whom they purchased lumber, hogs, poultry, deer\\nsldns, c., a cargo of which, valued at f 10, 000, was shipped to\\nEngland in 1 740. This was the first attempt to comnience a foreign\\ntrade. A letter written by Mr. Habersham to a friend in England,\\nexpressing his views upon the advantages of agiiculture and com-\\nmerce to the colonj fell into the hands of the Trustees, and they\\nwere led by it to think seriously upon the subject and to adopt\\nIll-tail-male.\\nt Their place of business was clo.se to the water s edge, and just in rear of\\nTvhcrc Robert Habersham Co. s commission house now stands.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "20 HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nmeasures which tended to advance those interests. Previous to\\nthis the colonists had become vpeary of attempting to produce silk\\nand wine, for which purpose the colony had been established,\\nand neglected the gardens where the vines and mulberry trees\\nhad been planted and many of them petitioned the Trustees to\\nabandon the idea of producing silk and wine exclusively and\\nappropriate money for the purposes of agriculture and commerce.\\nNotwithstanding the experience of fourteen years had shown the\\nTrustees that their favorite projects had come to nothing, they\\nrefused to grant the requests in the petition, and paid no atten-\\ntion to the subjects mentioned, until they came into the possession\\nof Mr. Habersham s letter.*\\nEven then they did not altogether abandon the cherished hope\\nthat Georgia was a silk and wine growing colony, for they\\nmade another eflbrt, in 1750, to encourage the growth of silk,\\noffering large bounties to all who would engage in it and in the\\nyear following a filature, or house for the manufacture of silk, was\\nbuilt on the west side of Reynold s square, on the ground now\\noccupied by Cassell s Row.\\nIn our efforts to give the reader an accurate account of the estab-\\nlishment of the first commercial and manufacturing houses in\\nSavannah, and of the first exports from it, we passed over an\\noccurrence which we venture to assert was never forgotten by\\nthose of the inhabitants who witnessed it, as for a time they were\\ncompletely at the mercy of the Indians, who, thirsting for the lands\\noccupied by the whites, assembled in Savannah and demanded a\\nrelinquishment of them.\\nIt will be remembered that through the influence of the half-\\nbreed woman, Mary Musgrove, Oglethorpe obtained permission\\nfrom the Indians to settle upon Yamacraw bluff. After the death\\nof John Musgrove, which occurred three years after the landing of\\nOglethorpe, Mary married a Captain Mathews, who died in 1 7-12.\\nShortly after his death Mary married again, Rev. Thomas Bosom-\\nwortli, a clergyman of the Church of England, at the time in\\nthe employ of the Society for the Propagation of Christian\\nKnowledge, being the happy man. Previous to this alliance\\nMary had been upon the most friendly terms with the colonists.\\nSo well pleased were the Trustees with the arguments used in this letter,\\nthat they immediately appointed the author a member of the Council in\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Georgia.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "HOSTILE INDIANS IN SAVANNAH.\\n21\\nHer conduct was now entirely the reverse. Before ske stood as a\\nmediatrix between the whites and indians now she did all in her\\npower to excite dissension between them. This change was due to\\nBosomworth. He laid claims to the islands of Ossaba, Sapelo,\\nand St. Catherine, and for a few trifles obtained them from\\nMalatchee, the brother of Mary, and who, because of his fickle\\ntemper, was by the Indians compared to the wind- Bosomworth\\nhad previously gone through the farce of crowning Malatchee\\nking, and about fifteen other chiefs head warriors and beloved\\nmen of seven different towns, all of whom, on the 14th of\\nDecember, 1747, signed a paper acknowledging Malatchee the\\nright and lawful prince, and pledging themselves to ratify and\\nconfii ui every act and deed of his. Bosomworth, by his unthrifti-\\nness, soon became entangled in debt, and to extricate himself,\\nencom aged his wife to assume the title of an independent empress,\\nwhich she did and summoned a meeting of the Creeks, before\\nwhom, in a violent harrangue, she insisted upon the justice of her\\npretensions. The Indians were aroi;sed to a high pitch of excite-\\ninent by this speech, and pledged themselves to stand by her\\nto their last drop of blood. This object being accomplished,\\nBosomworth became bold and insolent, and in 1 749 he and Mary,\\nwith a large body of savages in their train, marched toward\\nSavannah, he having previously sent a messenger to Colonel William\\nStephens, President of the Council, to inform him that Maiy had\\nassumed her right of sovereignty over the whole temtoiies of the\\nUpper and Lower Creeks, and to demand that all lands belonging to\\nthem be instantly relinquished, for as she was the hereditary and\\nrightful Queen of both nations and could command every man of\\nthem to follow her, in case of refusal she had determined to\\nextu pate the settlement.\\nThese bold pretentions and threats alarmed the President and\\nCouncil, but they determined to put the town in the best posture of\\ndefence possible, and summoned the militia to place themselves\\nunder arms, which was done, but the whole force amounted to only\\none hundred and seventy men. A messenger was sent to Mary,\\nwhile several miles distant from town, to ascertain whether she\\nwas serious in such wild pretensions, and if possible to make her\\ndismiss her followers and abandon her design. Mary was inflexible\\nand resolute, and the President resolved to receive them with\\nfu mness. As the indians entered the town, on the 10th of August,", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "22\\nHISTORICAL RRCOKD OF SAVANNAH.\\n1 719, the militia met them, and Captain Noble Jones, commauding-\\na troop of horse, halted them and demanded whether they came\\nwith hostile or friendly intent; to which the Indians made no\\nsatisfactory reply, whereupon he told them that they must leave\\ntheir arms there, as he had orders not to permit an armed man\\nof them to set his foot within the town. Some further parley\\nensxied, which resulted in the indians reluctantly grounding their\\narms. The indians then marched in town to the Parade, Bosom-\\nworth in his canonical robes, with his queen by his side, heading\\nthe procession.\\nArriving at the Parade, the militia saluted them i)y firing fifteen\\nI ounds from cannon and with volleys of musketry. The President\\nthen demanded their intentions in visiting the town in so large\\na body when they had not been sent for by any person in lawful\\nauthority. The warriors, in reply, said that they had heard it\\nwas the intention of the English to seize Mary and send her\\ncaptive over the great water that they intended no harm, and\\nbegged that their anus might be restored to them and then,\\nafter consulting with Bosomworth and his wife, they would return\\nand settle all public affairs. Theh- muskets were returned, but\\nno ammunition was given them.\\nThe Council was then dismisstd, to reassemble on the following\\nday. In teiTor and alarm the inhabitants passed the night, only to\\nbe more alarmed when morning came, for then the indians, who had\\nbeen aroused by the private harangues of the queen and Bosom-\\nworth during the night, became very surly and ran in a tumultuous\\nmanner up and down the streets, seemingly bent upon mischief.\\nTlie confusion became very great. The militia were under arms,\\nand therefore away from the houses. The women and children,\\nfearing that if they remained at home they would be butchered,\\ncrowded into the streets, thereby increasing the confusion during\\nwhich a false rumor was chculated that the indians had cut off\\nPresident Stephens head with a tomahawk. Tlie inhabitants\\nbecame so exasperated at this that it was with great difficulty the\\nofficers prevented them from firing upon the savages. Bosomworth\\nwas immediately seized and confined, which made Mary frantic.\\nShe threatened vengeance against the magistrates and the colon j,\\nand ordered every white man to depart from her teriitories. She\\ncm sed Oglethori )e and asserted that his treaties were fraudulent,\\nand, stamping her foot violently upon the ground, swore by her\\nMaker that the whole earth on which she trode was her own.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "MALATCHEES SPEECH.\\n23\\nObserviug that uo peaceable arrangement could be made witli the\\nIndians while under the eye of their pretended queen, President\\nStephens had her privately arrested and confined with her husband.\\nThe chief promoters of the conspiracy being out of the way, nego-\\ntiations were entered into with the Indians. A bounteous feast was\\nprepared, and while the warriors were thus entertained they were\\ninformed of the wicked designs of Bosomworth and his wife that\\nthe foniier was involved in debt and wanted not only their lands\\nbut also a large share of the royal bounty to satisfy his creditors,\\nmost of whom lived in Carolina that the king s presents were\\nintended only for the Indians, on account of their useful services\\nand firm attachment to him during former wars that the lands\\nadjoining the town were resei*ved for them to encamp ui^on when\\nthey came to visit their beloved friends in Savannah, and the three\\njuaritime islands to hunt upon when they should come to bathe iu\\nthe salt waters that neither Mary nor her husband had any right\\nto tliose lands which were the common property of the Creek\\nnations that the great Idng had ordered the President to defend\\ntheir right to them, and expected that all his subjects, both white\\nand red, would live together like brethren.\\nThis speech and the kindness of the people had the desired eJect,\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0even Malatchee with the other chieftains being convinced but in a\\nfew hours afterward he, having in the meantime had a talk with\\nBosomworth and Mary, was seduced and di awn over again to support\\ntheir chimerical claims, and while the President was distributing\\nthe royal presents, which were intended to further conciliate the\\nindiaus, Malatchee arose and in a violent and excited tone protested\\nilijit Mary possessed the country before General Oglethorpe, and\\nall the lands belonged to her as ciueen and head of the Creeks\\nthat it was only by her permission the English were allowed to\\nsettle on them that her word was the voice of the whole nation,\\nconsisting of about three thousand wariiors, and every one would\\ntake up the hatchet in defence of her right. He then handed a\\npai er to the President which had evidently been written by Bosom-\\nworth. It was substantially the same as the speech made by\\nMalatchee, and discovered in the plainest manner tJie ambitious\\nTlews and wicked intrigues of Bosomworth. The whole Board was\\nstruck with astonishment when the letter was read, and Malatchee,\\n(Observing their uneasiness, begged that it might be returned to him,\\nas he did not know it was bad talk, and promised to return it to the\\nperson who had given it to him.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0080\u00a224 HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nIt was necessary to remove the impression made by Malatcliee s\\nspeech, and the Indians were assembled; the President then\\naddressed them, stating the benefits the Indians and whites had\\nmutually derived from each other, and showing that it would\\nbe to their interest to remain in peace and harmony, and not to\\nallow the wicked Bosomworth to interrupt the fraternal relations\\nwhich then existed. The President was not allowed to finish his\\nspeech, for the Indians desired him to stop, stating that their eyes\\nwere opened, and though Bosomworth desired to break the chain\\nof friendship they were determined to hold it fast, and begged\\nthat all might smoke the pipe of peace. This was done, rum\\n-di ank, and presents distributed.\\nThe general joyousness which followed induced the President\\nand Council to believe that all difFerences were amicably settled,\\nand were rejoicing in the restoration of then- former friendly inter.\\n;ourse with the Creeks, when INIary, ch unk and disappointed in\\nher views, furiously rushed in the midst of the assemblage and\\ntold the President he had nothing to do with the indians, and\\nwould be convinced of it to his cost. The President ordered her\\nto cease her remarks that if she did not he would again imprison\\nher. This infuriated her, and turning to Malatchee she told him\\nwhat had been said. Malatchee immediately seized his amis, and\\ncalling upon the rest to follow his example, dared any man to touch\\nthe queen. In a moment the whole house was a scene of uproar\\nand tumult and all the whites present expected nothmg but\\ninstant death. Captain Jones, who commanded the guard, imme-\\ndiately interposed and ordered the indians to deliver up their arms,\\nwhich they reluctantly did. Mary was then conveyed to a private\\nroom. A guard was placed over her and all further intercourse\\nwith the savages denied her during their stay in Savannah.\\nThe husband was sent for, in order that he might be reasoned\\nwith and convinced of the folly of his pretensions and the danger-\\nous consequences which might arise if he persisted in them. So\\nsoon as he made his appearance before the President and Council\\nhe commenced a tirade of abuse against them, and despite the\\nkindness shown him and the arguments used to persuade him into\\nsubmission, he remained obstinate and contumacious, and pro-\\ntested he would stand forth in vindication of his wife s right to\\nthe last extremity, and that Georgia should soon feel the weight of\\nher vengeance.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "FIRST GENERAL ASSEMBLY. 25\\nThe inclians were persuaded to leave town after both of their\\nleaders were confined, thns happily relieving the inhabitants, who\\nwere wearied out with constant watching and harassed with fre-\\nquent alarms. Shortly after their dei^artiire Bosomworth and Mary\\nrepented of their folly and asked the pardon of the Magistrates and\\nthe people. Thus ended, without bloodshed, one of the most formi-\\ndable demonstrations ever made by the Indians in Georgia. This\\nhappy resiilt of the difficulty was only obtained by the exercise of\\nthe greatest prudence and bravery, without which the people of Sa-\\nvannah would have fallen a sacrifice to the indiscriminate vengeance\\nof the savages.* Bosomworth was afterward given the island of\\nSt. Catherine, upon which he and Mai-y lived for several years.\\nIn 1750 the Union Society, of which further mention will here-\\niifter be made, was founded by Richard Milledge, an Episcopalian,\\nPeter Tondee, a Catholic, and Benjamin Sheftall, an Israelite;\\nhence the name Union Society.\\nThe fii-st General Assembly of Georgia met in Savannah on the\\n15th of January, 1751, sixteen representatives present. Francis\\nHarris, John Milledge, William Francis, and William Russell were\\nfrom the Savannah district. Francis Harris was chosen speaker.\\nA number of complaints were made by the Assembly (which seems\\nto have had no more power than a grand jury of our day) to the\\nCouncil, of which Henry Parker was President and James Haber-\\nsham Secretary. The complaints were:\\n1st. The want of a proper pilot boat.\\n2d. The want of leave to erect a building under the bluft for the\\nconvenience of boat-crew^s, negi-oes, etc.\\n3d. The want of standard weights, scales, and measures.\\n4th. The want of a survey of the river.\\n5th. The want of an order to prevent masters of vessels from\\nheaving ballast, etc., into the river.\\n6th. The want of a commissioner for regiilating pilots and pilotage.\\n7th. The want of an inspector and sworn packer to inspect the\\nproduce of the colonj\\n8th. The want of a clerk of the market.\\n9th. The want of regulations for the guard.\\nlOtli. The want of proper officers to command the militia.\\n11th. The want of repairs to the court-house.\\nThe account of this demonstration was condensed from a work published\\nin London, in 1779, by Dr. Hewitt.\\n3", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "26\\nHISTORICAL KKCORD OF SAVAXXAU.\\nThe Coiiucil replied that the first should be represented to the\\nTrustees; to the second, a place shall be laid out; to the third,\\napplied for by the Board and may be expected; to the fourth, to be\\ndone as soon as a proper person can l)e found to the fifth, an order\\nto be published; to the sixth, seventh, eighth, and tenth, to be\\nappointed; to the ninth, to be remedied; eleventh, to be imme-\\ndiately done.\\nAfter the adjournment of the Assembly the Council, in pursuance\\nof its promise to that bodj to organize the militia, issued an order\\nfor all who possessed three himdred acres and upward of land\\nto appear well accoutred on horseback as cavalry; and those who\\nowned less property armed as foot. The first general muster took\\nplace in Savannah on the 13th of Jime, 1751. There were about\\ntwo hundred and twenty horse and foot, well armed and equipped;\\nand, says a colonial record, they behaved well and made a prettj\\nappearance.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "AKUn AL OF (iOVKUNOR REYNOLDS. 27\\nCHAPTER III.\\nArriral of Governor Ucyuolils His Opinion of tlie Town Burning of\\nthe Filature Arrival of Governor Ellis A Deadly Blow Aimed at Sa-\\nvannah s Commercial Prospects Another Treaty with the Indians\\nConstruction of the First Wharf Arrival of Governor Wright and De-\\nparture of Governor Ellis Establishment of the First Newspaper and\\nPost-office The Stamp Act Excitement Arrival of the Stamps The\\nLiberty Boys Tlireaten to Destroy them The Governor Frightened\\nHe is Burnt in Effigy Savannah in 1765 South Carolinians Destroy\\nVessels Bound to Savannah Savannah Merchants Refuse to Import\\nGoods from England Increase of the Spirit of Rebellion Scizurs of\\nthe King s Magazine Raising of the First Liberty Pole Liberal Views\\nof the Citizens.\\nOn the 29th of October, 1754, there were public and joyous\\ndemonstrations of every character in Savannah, caused by the\\narrival of Governor John Reynolds, who had been appointed\\nGovernor of the colony by the English government, to which\\nthe Trustees had resigned their charter in 1752. The arrival of\\nthe new Governor was totally unexpected. But as he ascended\\nthe bhiff he was received with every manifestation of joy. At\\nnight there were bonfires and ilhtuiinations. The following day\\nhe was duly installed into office, and his commission as Captain-\\nGeneral and Vice-Admiral of the province was read to the militia,\\nwho were under arms before the council chamber.* The militia\\nlistened with profound attention, and afterward fired several\\nrounds of mtisketry. A public dinner was then given, at which\\nthe new Governor was entertained by the council and principal\\ninhabitants.\\nThe Governor had formed an exaggerated opinion of the state\\nof the colony, especially of its metropolis, but was soon unde-\\nceived, as is shown by his first letter to the Board of Trade in\\nLondon, in which he spoke of Savannah as follows\\nSavannah is well situated, and contains about one hundred and fifty houses,\\niill wooden ones, very small and mostly old. The biggest was used for the\\nThe council chamber was situated on the lot where now stands the resi-\\ndence of. Captain T. F. Screven, fronting on Reynolds square.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "23 HISTOKICAL RECORD OF .SAVANNAH.\\nmeeting of the president and assistants, and wlicre I sat in council lor a few\\ndays, but one end fell down whilst we were all there, and obliged us to move\\nto a kind of shed, behind the court-house, which being quite unfit, I have\\ngiven orders, with the advice of the council, to fit up the shell of a house,\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0which was lately built for laying up the silk but was never made use of, being\\nTery ill-calculated for that purpose, but it will make a tolerably good house\\nfor the Assembly to meet in and for a few offices besides. The prison, being\\nonly a small wooden house, without security, I have also ordered to be\\nmended and some locks and bolts to be put on for the present.\\nIn 1757 one thousand and fifty pounds of raw silk were received\\nat the filature in Savannah. The following year the filature was\\nburnt. Its contents, a large quantity of silk and seven thoiisand\\nand forty pounds of cocoons, or silk -balls, were consumed.\\nIn February of 1757 Henry Ellis, wlib had been appointed\\nGovernor of the province, arrived in Savannah. He was appointed\\nas successor to Governor Reynolds, who had been completely ruled\\nby his secretary, William Little. Little made himself very obnox-\\nious to the people, and amid the bonfires, illuminations, and other\\ndemonstrations of joy which marked Governor Ellis aiTival, he was\\nburnt in effigy as a tyrant in himself and a promoter of it in his\\nmaster. A prominent feature of the occasion was the drill of a\\ncompany of thirty juvenile soldiers, under command of their school-\\nmaster. They presented to the Governor the following addi-ess\\nSir The Oungest militia of this province presume, by their captain, to\\nsalute your Honor on your arrival. Although we are of too tender years\\nto comprehend the blessing a good Governor is to a province, our parents\\nwill doubtless experience it in its utmost extent, and their grateful tale\\nshall fix your name dear in our memories.\\nThe warm reception and hospitable treatment of the Governor\\nby the people of Savannah was not reciprocated by him. He\\naimed a deadly blow at her prospects as a commercial town, by\\nendeavoring to have the capital of the colony removed to Hard-\\nwicke, t claimuig that it possessed decided advantages over Savannah\\nbecause of the depth of water there, its more central position, and\\nits greater distance from Charleston; the proximity of which, he\\nurged, restricted the commerce of Savannah. Fortunately for Sa-\\nThe filature was rebuilt and used for the manufacture of silk several\\nyears. It was afterward \\\\ised as a city hall and a public house. It was\\ndestroyed by fire in 1839.\\nt Hardwicke was situated near the mouth of the Ogeechee river in Bryaa\\ncounty.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "GOVERNOR ELLIS SPEECIL 29\\nvauuah, his project, which had been suggested by his predecessor,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2ivas not carried into effect, but the agitation of the proposed plan\\ninjured the town; the inhabitants, thinking that it was shortly to be\\ndeserted, neglected to enlarge and beautify it; the public buildings\\nwere not repaired; the filature was in a tumble-down condition;\\nthe church was so decayed that it would have fallen but for the\\nsupport rendered by props; and the prison was shocking to\\nhiimanity.\\nThe 25th of October, 1757, was another day of note in the\\nhistory of Savannah. Then a council was held in the town with\\na large body of chiefs and head men of the Upper and Lower\\nCreek nations for the purpose of defeating the objects of the French,\\nwho were intriguing with the Indians and exciting them to hos-\\ntility against the English, whose military force was quadnipled\\nby that of the indians. The Governor intended to impress the\\niudians with ideas of the strength of the English, and previous\\nto their arrival had the giins in all of the batteries about the\\ntowns loaded and flags unfurled over them. The regiment of\\nmilitia. Colonel Noble Jones commanding, was paraded under arms\\nin toN^Ti. Caijtain John Milledge, with a companj of rangers, met\\nthe indians and acted as an escort for them. When near the\\ntown, they were met by Captain Bryan and a large number of\\ncitizens, who welcomed them and supplied them with needed\\nrefreshment; after which, the inhabitants and guests marched into\\ntov\\\\ n, the citizens on horseback in front. At the forts a salute\\nof thirteen guns were fired. Here the citizens paused and allowed\\nthe indians to pass by. They were then received by Colonel Jones\\nat the head of the foot-militia. With drums beating and colors\\nflying, the cavalcade proceeded to the council chamber, passing\\nby the Governors house, where a salute was fired by a battery\\nplaced in front, which was followed by the guns in the water-\\nbattery and on the ships in the river. At the council chamber\\nanother salute v/as fired by the Virginia Blues. The Governor\\nmet them here, and with hands extended said:\\nMy Friends and Brothers Behold my hands and arms. Our common\\nenemies, the French, have told you they are red to the elbows. View them\\ndo they speak the truth Let your own eyes witness. You see they are\\nwhite, and could you see my heart you would find it as pure, but v-^ry warm\\nand true to you, my friends. Tlie French tell you, whoever shakes my hands\\nwill immediately be struck with disease and die. If you believe this lying,\\nfoolish talk, do nt touch_me.;^If you do not, I am ready to embrace you.\\n3*", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "30 HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nThe Indians, before the last words of this most appropriate\\nspeech were nttered, rushed forward, and shaking the Governor s\\nhands, declared that they had often been deceived by the French,\\nbut would not be so again. Other speeches of a friendly character\\nfollowed, and the council resulted in establishing the utmost\\nharmony and confidence between the two races.\\nUp to this period, twenty-six years after the settlement of Savan-\\nnah, there was no wharf built. The few vessels that came here\\nsaUed as close to land as the depth of water would permit and\\nthrew the lighter articles on the bank, landing the heavier ones\\nin small boats. Feeling the necessity of having a wharf, the\\nsubject was discussed, and this year one was constructed by\\nThomas Eaton, under the direction of John G. William DeBrahm,\\nthe Surveyor-General of the soiathern provinces of North America.\\nThe builder was advised, which advice he followed, to drive\\ntwo rows of piles as far asunder as he desired his wharf to be\\nwide, and as far toward the river as low- water mark secure their\\ntops with plates and to trunnel planks within on the piles. This\\ndone, then to brace the insides with dry walls of stones inter-\\nmingled with willow twigs. In the same manner to shut up th?\\nends of the two rows with a like front along the stream, to bulll\\ninside what cellars he had occasion for, then to fill up the remain-\\nder with the sand nearest at hand, out of the bluft or high shore\\nof the stream lender the bay. This wharf, tradition asserts,\\nwas constructed on the river a little west of the steps by which\\nthe inhabitants went up and down the bluff most probably about\\nmidway between Bull and Whitaker streets. The plan by which\\nit was constructed was followed several years. The construction\\nof this wharf appears to haA^e benefitted the town, for during the\\nfollowing year forty-one vessels were entered many more than\\never before; and during the year 1766, six years after, one hundred\\nand seventy-one were entered.\\nGovernor Ellis, by his own request, was removed from office,\\nand was siicceeded by Sir James Wright, who arrived in Savannah\\nin October, 1760, when he was received with the usual formalities.\\nThere were not many manifestations of joy, because of the general\\ndistress which jirevailed owing to the departure of Governor Ellis,\\nwho, by his kind and jl^st administration, had endeared himself\\nnot only to the inhabitants of Savannah biit to the whole colony.\\nThe Union Society presented him an address and a handsome piece\\nof plate as a token of the public gratitude of the inhabitants of\\nSavannah.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "THE STAMP ACT EXCITEMENT. 31\\nOn the 20tli of March, 1761, King George III issued an order\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2conferring upon Governor Wright full executive powers, with the\\ntitle of Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief, but such was\\nthe slow transit between the two countries that it did not reach\\nhim until the 28th of January, 17G2, nearly a year after its issue,\\non which day it was promulgated and made the occasion of a\\ngeneral holiday. Colonel Noble Jones regiment of militia was\\ndrawn up in Johnson square, and after hearing the order read\\nfired a salute, which was answered by the fort and the ships\\nin the river. At night the Governor gave a ball to the ladies, at\\nwhich, says a chronicler of the time, there was the most numer-\\nous and brilliant appearance ever known in the town. Altogether,\\nit was a brilliant affau-, and there never was an occasion on which\\nthe joy and satisfaction of the people were more apparent.\\nA printing press, the first in Georgia, was established here early\\nin 1763, and on the seventh of April the Georgia Gazette paper\\nwas issued; the following year a post-office was also established,\\nand llobert Bolton, Esq. appointed postmaster.\\nThe obnoxious Stamp act, which received the Koyal assent in\\n1765, excited all of the colonies to a spirit of resistance, and in\\nresponse to a circular addressed by the Assembly of Massachusetts,\\nshowing the importance of union among the aggi ieved colonies\\nand soliciting the formation of a general congress, to meet in New\\nYork, Alexander Wylly, speaker of the Commons House of Assem-\\nbly, convened the Assembly here on the second of Sei^tember,\\n1765. This body, in reply to the circular, stated that their hearty\\nco-operation in all measures for the support of the rights of the\\ncolonies might be relied upon, but that they were unable to send\\ndelegates to the proposed congress because of the influence of\\nGovernor Wright. From this time forward the people became\\nexcited, which was more apparent as the time drew near for the\\nact to go into force. An occasion for the manifestation of this\\nspirit came on the 26th of October, 1765, which was the anni-\\nversarj of the accession of his Majesty King George III to the\\nthrone of England. In honor thereof the Governor ordered a\\ngeneral muster in Savannah. This caused the assembling of a\\nlarge number of people, who paraded effigies of obnoxious person-\\nages through the streets and then burned them.\\nThe act was to take efl ect on the first of November, 1765, but\\nthe stamps did not arrive until the fifth of December, when they\\nwere transferred to Fort Halifax, for fear the Liberty Boys", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "22 HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\n-would destroy them, as they were pledged to do, and also to force\\nthe Agent to resign. The Liberty Boys, two hundred strong,\\nassembled around Fort Halifax on the second of January, 1766,\\nand threatened to break open the fort and destroy the papers.\\nThis demonstration alarmed the Governor, but he determined to\\nsave the papers, and mustering the two companies of royal rangers\\nmarched to the fort, took out the stiimps, and carried them in a\\ncart to the guard-house. The people looked sullenly on but made\\nno attempt to take the papers. The Governor was so alarmed\\nfor his personal safety that he kept a guard of forty men around\\nhis house and for four nights did not undress. The day after the\\nremoval of the stamps Mr. Agnus, the stamp distributor, arrived\\noff Tybee, of which, by preconcerted signals, the Governor was\\nnotified, and, fearing that the citizens would injure Agnus, had him\\nsecretly brought up to his garrisoned mansion, where a fortnight s\\nresidence convinced Agnus that his person was not safe, and caused\\nhim to leave town. Toward the close of January about six hundred\\narmed men, a large niimber of whom were from Savannah, assem-\\nhled near the town and sent word to the Governor that if the\\nobnoxious papers were not removed they would come into town\\nand destroy them, if they had to storm his house and the fort\\nto accomplish their purpose. The Governor had the i^apers\\nremoved to Fort George, on Cockspur island. The next day two\\nor three hundred men assembled on the commons and demanded\\na redress of their grievances. Governor Wright ordered out his\\nmarines and rangers, and for a time a conflict was imminent, biit\\nihe people dispersed after burning an effigy of the Governor.\\nAt the time of these troubles Savannah consisted of four hundi ed\\ndwelling-houses, a church, an independent meeting-house, a coiincil\\nhouse, a court-house, and a filature. There were twelve streets\\nbesides the Bay, six squares, and two suburbs: Yamacraw on the\\nwest and the Trustees garden on the east. The limits of the town\\non the east was what is now Lincoln street, on the west what is\\nnow Jefferson street, and on the south what is now South Broad\\nstreet. When the stamps arrived there were between sixty and\\nseventy sail in port waiting to be cleared, and the j^eople consented\\nthat stamps might be used for this but no other purpose. Thi-i\\nThe Governor s house was situated on St. James square, fronting east\\non the lot where now stands the Telfair honse, between State and Presi-\\ndent streets.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "RETURN OF GOVERNOR WRIGHT.\\n33\\nwas doue uud the i^ort opened, yet all judicial business was siis-\\npended and the courts closed.\\nThis act gave great offence to the other colonies, and especially\\nto South Carolina, the people of which colony resolved that no\\nprovisions should be shipped to that infamous colony; that who-\\nsoever should traffic with them should be put to death; that every\\nvessel trading there should be burnt; and as a proof that these\\nwere not idle threats, two vessels on their way to Savannah, a short\\ntime after these threats were made, were seized before clearing\\nCharleston bar and, with their cargoes, destroyed.\\nThe repeal of the Stamp act, on the 22d of February, 1766, the\\nannouncement of which was received in Savannah on the sixth of\\nJuly following, restored order and the people resumed their usual\\navocations and pursuits, which had been interriipted by the recf nt\\ntroubles.\\nThe acts of the British Parliament in regard to duties upon\\nimported goods, which were found grievous to be borne, was\\nthe topic of the day in Savannah as well as everywhere else\\nin the colonies of North America, and on the 16th of September,\\n1769, the merchants of Savannah met at the house of Alexander\\nCreighton and resolved that\\nAny person or persons whatsoever importing any of the articles subject\\nto such duties, after having it iu their power to prevent it, ought not only\\nto be treated with contempt, but deemed as an enemy to their counti-y\\nit being a circiunstance that needs be only mentioned to any person inspired.\\nwith the least sense of liberty that it may be detested and abhorred.\\nGovernor Wright strenuously opposed every measure of the\\npeople that was in opposition to those of the British government^\\nyet every one felt that he had faithfully discharged his duty to his\\nking, and in such manner as to inspire respect and esteem from\\nthose who differed iu sentiment; and upon his departure for\\nEngland, on the tenth of July, 1771, just after dissolving the\\nAssembly, the council, the bench, the merchants, and public officers\\npresented him with addi-esses expressive of then respect and\\nesteem. After his departure the gubernatorial mantle fell upon\\nthe shoulders of Mr. James Habersham, there to remain until\\nthe Governor s return, which occurred about the middle of Febru-\\nary, 1773. During his absence the duties of the office were faith-\\nfully discharged by Mr. Habersham.\\nGovernor Wright, on his arrival, found that the spirit of rebellion\\nhad increased; that the colony, and especially the people of Savan-", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "34 HISTORICAL KECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nnab, were in common with the rest of the colonists indignant\\nat the closing of the jiort of Boston and divesting it of all com-\\nmercial privileges. On the twentieth of July, 1774, those titie\\nand tried patriots, Noble Wimberly Jones, Archibald Bullock, John\\nHouston, and George Walton, published a call in the Georgia\\nGazette for all persons v,ithin the limits of the province to attend\\nat Tondee s tavern* on the 27th instant, to take \\\\inder consideration\\nthe acts of the British Parliament, which are particularly calcu-\\nlated to deprive the American subjects of their coustihitional\\nrights and liberties as parts of the British empii-e. A large\\nniimber of persons assembled in pursuance of the call, but all of\\nthe parishes not being represented it was resolved to meet on\\nthe tenth of August, which was done, despite the proclamation\\nof Governor Wright that the people should not assemble, and\\nif they did it would ba at their peril. The meeting adopted\\nresolutions protesting against the oppressive acts of Parliament\\nand agi eeing to concur with the sister colonies in every consti-\\ntutional measure to obtain redress of American grievances. The\\ncitizens of Savannah who were most zealous in these acts of\\npatriotism were: John Glenn, John Smith, Joseph Clay, John\\nHouston, N. W. Jones, Lyman Hall, William Young, E. Telfair,\\nSamuel Farley, George Walton, Joseph Habersham, Jonathan\\nBryan, Jonathan Cochrane, George W. Mcintosh, Sutton,\\nWilliam Gibbons, Benjamin Andrew, John Winn, John Stirk, A.\\nPowell, James Beaven, D. Znbly, H. L. Bourquine, Elisha Butler,\\nWilliam Baker, Parmenus Way, John Baker, John Maun, John\\nBennefield, John Stacy, and John Morell.\\nA provincial congress, upon invitation of a committee of citi-\\nzens of Christ Church parish, assembled in Savannah on the\\neighteenth of January, 1775, and elected John Glenn chairman.\\nThe congress was in session six days, and elected Noble Wimberly\\nJones, Archibald Bulloch, and John Houston delegates to rejoresent\\nGeorgia in the Continental Congress, which assembled in Phila-\\ndelphia on the 10th of May following. The delegates did not\\nattend, but sent a letter, written on the 8th of April, 1775, stating\\nthat they could not call the proceedings of the congress which\\nelected them the voice of the province, as but five out of twelve\\nparishes were represented; that they found the inhabitants of\\nTondee s tavern was situated on the northwest corner of Broughton and\\nWhitaker streets.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "RAISING OF FIRST LIBERTY POLE. 35\\nSavannah not likely soon to give matters a favorable turn; that\\nthe importers were mostly against any interruption, and the con-\\nsumers here and elsewhere very much divided; that there were\\nsome of the latter virtually for the measures of resistance; others\\nstrenuously against them, but more who called themselves neutrals\\nthan either they (the delegates) therefore did not attend, because\\nthe inhabitants of the pro\\\\dnce for which they would have appeared\\nhad refused to make any sacrifice to the public cause, and in whose\\nbehalf they did not think they could pledge themselves for the\\nexecution of any one measure whatsover.\\nThus undecided and ahnost in a state of apathy did the major\\nportion of the inhabitants of Savannah stand, while the people\\nof the towns in other colonies were in a state of almost frantic\\nexcitement. But this indecision and apathy was of short duration.\\nThe tidings of the affray between the colonists and the British\\ntroops at Lexington, Massachusetts, reached Savannah on the\\nnight of the 10th of May, 1775, and caused great excitement\\namong all classes, and all ideas of submission to British rule\\nvanished. The following night Noble Wimberly Jones, Edward\\nTelfair, Joseph Habersham, John Milledge, William Gibbons, and\\nJoseph Clay seized the king s magazine, located where the gas-\\nhouse now stands, and took therefrom five hundred pounds of\\npowder and stored it in their cellars and garrets. The next day\\nthe Governor missed the powder, and by advice of the Council\\n\u00c2\u00a3150 reward was oflfered to any one who would give information\\nwhich would lead to the arrest of those engaged in the seizure.\\nThough all engaged were well known, no one gave the desired\\ninformation. A large fpiantity of this powder was sent North,\\nand it is asserted was used by the militia in the defence of Bunker\\nHill.\\nOn Monday, the 5th day of June, the birthday of his Majesty\\nKing George in, the citizens, amid great rejoicing, raised a liberty\\npole (the first one raised in Georgia) in front of Tondee s public\\nhouse. A Union flag was hoisted upon the pole and two pieces\\nof artillery placed at the foot. A dinner was given immediately\\nafter the pole-raising, at which the first toast was The King,\\nand the second American Liberty.\\nA meeting of the citizens was held at the residence of Mrs.\\nCuyler* on the 13th of June, at which were present John MuUryne,\\nLocated at the southeast corner of Bull and Broughton streets.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "3g HISTORICAL liECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nJosei)h Clay, James Mossman, Rev. J. J. Zubly, John Simpsou,\\nNoble Wimberly Jones, John Jamieson, William Moss, John Glenn,\\nJosiah Tatnall, John Graham, Lewis Johnston, William Young,\\nEichard Wylly, Andrew McLean, Basil Cowper, Phillip Moore,\\nGeorge Houston, Joseph Butler, James Eead, Thomas Eeid,\\nWilliam Panton, James E. Powell, William Struthers, Alexander\\nMcGowan, John C. Lucena, Thomas Sherman, J. N. Faning, Levi\\nS. Sheftall, Charles Hamilton, George Spencer, William Brown, jr.,\\nFrancis Courvoizie, and James Anderson. John MuUryne was\\nchosen president, and a number of resolutions adopted expressive\\nof their feelings in regard to the existing troubles, among which\\nwere:\\nThat we will use our utmost endeavors to preserve the peace and good\\n-order of this province that no person behaving himself peaceably and inof-\\nfensively shall be molested in his personal property, or even in his private\\nsentiments while he expresses them with decency and without any illiberal\\nreflections upon others; that the interest of this province is inseperabl,e from\\nthe mother country and the sister colonies, and that to separate ourselves\\nfrom the latter would be only throwing difficulties in the way of its own\\nrelief and that of the other colojies, and justly increasing the resentment of\\nall those to whose distress our disunion might be an addition; that this\\nprovince ought, and it is hoped will, forthwith join the other provinces\\n3n every just and legal measure to secure and restore the liberties of all\\nAmerica; that these proceedings be laid before the Provincial Congress\\nto meet on the 4th of July.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "MEETING OF THE PROVINCIAL CONGRESS. 37\\nCHAPTER IV.\\nOrganization of a Council of Safety Meeting of tlie Provincial Congress\\nCapture of a British Vessel Loaded with Powder Organization of a\\nBatallion of Troops Arrival of Two British Men-of-War off Tybee\\nGallant Capture of Governor Wright by Major Joseph Habersham\\nEscape of the Governor He Advises the People to Furnish Food to his\\nMajesty s Ships Attempt of the British to Capture Rice Ships in front of\\nthe Town The People Resolve to Burn the Houses and Ships before they\\nshall fall into the hands of the enemy Repulse of the British Recep-\\ntion pf the Declaration of Independence and Burial of the Political Ex-\\nistence of George III\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Adoption of the State Constitution South Carolina\\nCovets Savannah Capture of the Town by the British.\\nOn the 22cl of June a Council of Safety, consisting of William\\nEwen, President; Seth John Ciithbert, Secretary; Joseph Haber-\\nsham, Edward Telfair, WiUiam LeConte, Basil Cowper, Joseph\\nClay, George Walton, John Glenn, Samnel Elbert, William Young,\\nElisha Butler, George Hoiiston, John Smith, Francis H. Harris,\\nand John Morel, was appointed.\\nThe Provincial Congress met in Tondee s Long Eoom on the\\n4th of Julj of which Archicald Bulloch was elected President and\\nGeorge Walton Secretary. Archicald Bulloch, Noble Wimberly\\nJones, Joseph Habersham, Jonathan Bryan, Ambrose Wright,\\nWilliam Young, John Glenn, Samiiel Elbert, John Houston, Joseph\\nBeynolds, John Smith, Oliver Bowen, John McChire, Edward\\nTelfair, Thomas Lee, George Houston, William Ewen, John Martin,\\nRev. Dr. J. J. Zubly, William Bryan, Phillip Box, Philip Allman,\\nWilliam O Bryan, Joseph Clay, and John Cuthbert were the mem-\\nbers from the town and district of Savannah. After organizing.\\nCongress adjourned to the meeting-house of Eev. Dr. Zubly,\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0where he preached a sermon upon the alarming state of American\\naffairs, based on the words of St. James, ii, 12: So speak ye,\\nand so do as they that shall be judged by the law of liberty.\\nThe Dr. received the thanks of Congress for the excellent sermon\\nhe preached before them.\\nDr. Zubly first espoused the cause of liberty, and being very popular,\\ninfluenced a very large number to support it. When matters became serious\\nand war seemed inevitable, he changed his sentiments, and while in Philadel-", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "gg HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nCongress being informed that forty armed men in barges, under\\ncommand of Captains John Barnwell and Joj-ner, had been sent\\nto the mouth of the Savannah river, by South Carolina, to capture\\na British ship which was on its way to Savannah, laden with powder\\nfor the nne of the Royalists, offered them every assistancxe. A\\nschooner was armed and placed under command of Captains Bowen\\nand Joseph Habersham for the purpose of capturing a British\\narmed schooner then in the river near to-mi. On the approach\\nof the Georgia schooner the British schooner put to sea and\\nescaped. The Georgia schooner then laid off Tybee, near which\\nwere the two South Carolina barges. On the 10th of Jiily the ship\\nwith the powder, commanded by Cajitain Maitland, was descried in\\nthe offing, sailing boldly in. Before getting in range of the Georgia\\nschooner Maitland s suspicions were aroused, and he tacked and\\npiit out to sea. He was pursued by the schooner, and with the\\nassistance of the South Carolinians his vessel was captured. On\\nboard were sixteen thousand pounds of powder, nine thousand\\npounds of which fell to Georgia. This schooner was the first com-\\nmissioned American vessel, and made the first capture of the war.\\nThe- battalion of troops for the protection of Georgia was organ-\\nized in Savannah on the 7th of January, 1776 bj the appointment\\nof Lachlau Mclnto.sh Colonel, Samixel Elbert Lieutenant-Colonel,\\nand Joseph Habersham Major. These ajjpointments were made by\\nthe Council of Safety, which met every Monday at Tondee s Long\\nBoom, at 10 a. m., and at such other times as occasion required.\\nOn the 12th of January two men-of-war and a transport laden\\nwith troops, under command of Majors Maitland and Grant, arrived\\nphia attending the Continental Congress as a representative of Georgia,\\ncommenced a treasonable correspondence with Governor AVright, posting him\\nin regard to the movements of the Liberty party. This correspondence being\\ndiscovered, he returned to Savannah and openly took sides against the Liberty\\nparty. His conduct was so obnoxious to the people that he was banished\\nfrom the town in 1777, and half of his estate taken from him. After the\\ncapture of the town by the British he returned to his ministerial charge and\\nremained during the siege. He died on the 23d of July, 1781, at the age\\nof fifty-six, broken in heart and broken in fortune, yet nobly struggling\\nagainst misfortune, aiming to be faithful in the discharge of his ministerial\\nduties and earnestly laboring to enter into that rest which remains for the\\npeople of God. Savannah still bears the record of this learned man in\\nthe names of two of its streets, Joachim and Zubly; and one of the\\nhamlets was named St. Gall, in honor of his birth-place in Switzerland.\\nCondensed from the account in the History of Georgia, by Right Reverend William\\nHacon Sieving,", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "CAPTURE OF (lOVKIlXOR WRIGHT. on\\nOf/\\noff Tybee. A meeting of the Council of Safety was called on the\\n18th, when it was resolved that the persons of his Excellency Sir\\nJames Wright, Bart., and of John Miillryue, Josiah Tatnall, and\\nAnthony Stokes, Esqs. be forthwith arrested and secured, and that\\nall non-associates be forthwith disarmed, except those who will\\ngive their j^arole, assuring that they M^ill not aid, assist, or comfort\\nany of the persons on board his Majesty s ships-of-war, or take\\nup arms against America in the present imhappy state of aifairs.\\nMajor Joseph Habersham, who was then only twenty-four years of\\nage, volunteered to secure the Governor. That evening while the\\nGovernor was in consultation with the CoiTncil at his house, Haber-\\nsham proceeded thither alone, passed the sentinels at the door,\\nentered the hall in which the Council was assembled, walked boldly\\nup to the head of the table, and laying his hand upon the Govern-\\nor s shoulder said: Sir James, you are my prisoner. This bold\\nact astonished the members of the Council, who, supposing from\\nHabersham s firm manner he had a large force near by, fled pre-\\ncipitately thro\\\\igh the doors and windows. The Governor gave his\\nsolemn parole that he would not go out of town or hold any com-\\nmunication with the British at Tybee, and was allowed to remain\\nin his house under guard. Here he remained until the 11th of\\nFebniary, when, becoming weary of the confinement, the insults\\nto which he was subjected by thoughtless persons, and also fearing\\nthat he would be killed by some of the many musket-balls fired\\ninto the hotise by the guards for amusement, he eluded the senti-\\nnels and ran to Bonaventiu-e, escaping from thence in a smaU boat,\\nfiu-nished by John MuUrjnie, to the British ship Scarborough, on\\nboard of which he was received at three o clock on the morning of\\nthe 12th. The following day the Governor wrote a letter to the\\nmembers of his Council, all of whom had given the required parole,\\ndesiring it to be laid before the Provincial Congress. In this letter\\nhe, among other things, stated\\nSuch is my regard for the people of Georgia that I cau not avoid exhorting\\nthem to .save themselves and their posterity from the total ruin and destruc-\\ntion which, although they may not, I most clearly see at the threshold of\\ntheir doors, and I can not leave them without again warning them in the most\\nearnest and friendly manner to desist from their present plans and resolutions.\\nI have the great satisfaction to be able to affirm, from the best\\nauthority, that the forces now here will not commit any hostilities against thi.s\\nI rovince, although fully sufficient to reduce and overcome every opposition\\niiat could be attempted to be made; and that nothing is meant or wanted\\nbut a friendly intercourse and a supply of provisions. This his Majcsty 8", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "40 HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nofficers have an undoubted right to effect and what they insist upon, and this\\nI not only solemnly require, in his Majesty s name, but also as (probably) the\\nbest friend the people of Georgia have, advise them, without the least hesita-\\ntion, to comply with; or it may not be in my power to insure them the con-\\ntinuance of the peace and quietude they now have, if it may be called so.\\nThe request for provisions was promptly refused, and Captain\\nBarclay, commanding the British vessels, being very much in need,\\ndetermined to capture the eleven rice ships which lay under the\\nbluif awaiting an opjDortunity to rim out to sea. Acccordingly, on\\nthe last day of February, 1776, the Scarborough, Hinchinbrooke,\\nand St. John, with two transports laden with troops, sailed up to\\nFive-fathom Hole, opposite the point on which Fort Jackson now\\nstands.\\nAnticipating a speedy attack, the Council of Safety met on the\\n2d of March and appointed Messrs. Joseph Claj Joseph Reynolds,\\nJohn McClure, Joseph Dunlap, and John Glenn a committee to\\nvalue and appraise the houses in town and hamlets thereunto\\nbelonging, together with the shipping in the port, the proi^erty of\\nor appertaining to the friends of America who have associated and\\nappeared, or who shall appear in the present alarm to defend the\\nsame; and also the houses of the widows and orphans, and none\\nothers. It was also resolved to defend the town so long as it\\nwas tenable, and that rather than it should be held by the enemy\\nit and the shipping in the port should be burned. The houses\\nof those inimical to the American cause were not valued. When\\nthe resolutions were promulgated, they met the hearty approval\\nof all classes excepting a small number who were friendly to the\\nBoyal caiise.\\nAfter dark on the 2d two of the enemy s vessels sailed up Back\\nriver. The Scarboroiigh anchored opposite the town and the\\nHinchinbrooke attempted to sail around Hutchinson s island with a\\nview of coming down the Savannah river to the rice vessels. In\\nthis effort she ran aground on the west side of the island, and was\\nunable to get off. The eleven rice vessels were laying under the\\nbluff, but that evening, for some reason which was never fully\\nascertained but it was siipposed that the captains had been bought\\nwith British gold, moved over near to the Hutchinson island shore\\nopposite Yamacraw. Eveiy preparation for resisting the enemy\\nwas made by Colonel Lachlan Mcintosh, acting under orders of the\\nCouncil of Safety. Suspecting the captains, and fearing that they\\nmight be induced to nm their vessels out to sea, he ordered Captain", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "ATTEMPT TO CAPTURE KICE SHIPS.\\n41\\nEice to go aboard of the vessels early the next morniug and order\\nthe rudders and rigging to be sent on shore. The fort on the lower\\nend of the bluff was strengthened and reinforced, and was deemed\\nsufficiently powerful to rei^ulse any attempt of the enemy to advance\\nup the river. Major Habersham was ordered to take two comj^anies\\nof riflemen and proceed up the river opposite to the Hinchinbrooke\\nand be ready to fire upon her at early dawn.\\nDuring the night about three hundred British soldiers landed on\\nHutchinson s island from the vessels in Back river and marched\\nacross and took possession of the rice vessels. This was done so\\nqviietlj^ that the Americans knew nothing of it. Early on the 3d\\nCaptain Kice went over in a small boat to deliver the order given\\nhim and was taken prisoner. Two sailors were allowed by Majors\\nMaitland and Grant, commanding the troops aboard of the rice\\nvessels, to come over to town to get some clothing which they said\\nhad been left, they agreeing to go and return without communi-\\ncating any information regarding the operations on the island side\\nof the river. They were not true to their promise. They not only\\ndid not return, but told the Americans that the British had posses-\\nsion of the vessels and had captured Captain Eice. This was\\nastoimding news to the Americans and created intense excitement.\\nAll of the males were immediately mustered under arms, and three\\nhundred men under Colonel Mcintosh i^roceeded to Yamacraw and\\nthrew up a breastwork and placed three four-pounders in position.*\\nBefore this the riflemen under Habersham opened fire upon the\\nHinchinbrooke, which had floated oft and was making another\\nattempt to sail down. The tide was low and she made slow\\nprogress; besides this, the fire from the riflemen so galled the crew\\nthat they were driven below and did not attempt to manage the\\nvessel. She was armed with twenty-eight guns; and at intervals\\nthe crew manned them and endeavored, by a free use of grape,\\nto drive off their assailants, but of no avail. The riflemen protected\\nthemselves and fired with such accuracy as to kill and wound a\\nnumber of the crew, and finally caused them to desist from their\\nobject. The lack of boats, only, prevented the riflemen from board-\\ning and capturing her. Only one rifleman was injiired by her fire,\\na small shot having strack him in the thigh.\\nMeanwhile the people and soldiers in to\\\\sTi became clamorous\\nTradition asserts that Battle Row, located on the bluflf at the corner\\nof West Broad street, is on the site of this breastwork.\\n4*", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "42 HISTORICAL REGOKD OF SAVANKAII.\\nfor the rescue of Rice. Lieuteuant Daniel Roberts, of the St.\\nJohns Eangers, and Mr. Eaymoud Demere (afterward promoted\\nto the rank of Major), of St. Andrew s parish, requested and were\\ngranted i^ermission to go oyer and demand the surrender of the\\ncaptain. They left their weapons and were rowed over by u\\nnegro. Thej landed on one of the vessels, aboard of which were\\nMajors Grant and Maitland and Captain Barclay. They stated\\nthe object of their mission. The British officers, without making\\nany reply, placed them under arrest. The Americans awaited\\nnearly an hour for the return of their deputies and then called\\nthrough trumpets to the British to know why they were de-\\ntained. The British returned insulting replies whereupon two\\ncannon-shots were fired at them. This had the effect of making\\nthem send a letter over, signed by Roberts and Demere, stating\\nthat the enemy would treat with any two people the Americans\\nconfided in. Without waiting for the action of the authorities,\\nCaptain Screven, of the St. Johns Eangers, and Captain Baker, of\\nthe St. Johns Eiflemen, M-ith about a dozen riflemen, rowed over\\nto the Captain Inglis and peremj^torily demanded the surrender of\\nEice, Eoberts, and Demere. The officer commanding the vessel\\nmade an insulting rei^ly, and received a rifle-shot from Captain\\nBaker. The enemy immediately ojjened upon the boat with cannon\\nand musketry. The riflemen also fired, at the same time hauling\\noff. Their friends on the bluff, observing this attack upon a few\\nmen and also the perilous position they were in, opened on the\\nvessels. A general engagement ensued, lasting four hours, during\\nwhich no one was hurt on the American side, excepting a rifleman\\nin the boat, who was wounded in the shoulder by the first fire from\\nthe vessel. At four o clock the Council of Safety met and resolved\\nto have the vessels across the river burned. Captain Bowen was\\nordered by Colonel Mcintosh to attend to this duty. He, assisted\\nby Lieutenants James Jackson and John Morel, took the Inverness,\\nwhich lay on this side of the river laden with rice and deer skins,\\nand set fire to her. She drifted across to the rice vessels and com-\\nmunicated the fire to some of them. The enemy, however, did not\\nwait for her ajiproach, but left the vessels and ran into the marsh in\\nlaughable conftision. The Americans fired upon them and killed\\nand wounded a great number. The crews of two of the vessels\\nremained on board and managed to escape the fii-e-vessel and\\nsailed up the river under protection of the men-of-wai\\\\ Six were\\ndestroyed by the fire and three saved fi-om the fliames and brought", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "rKOrOSED ANXKXATIOX.\\n43\\nover to tliL towu side. The BritiHh sailed dowu to Tybee the next\\ndciy, carrying with them Rice, Roberts, and Demere. In order\\nto recover theru, the Council of Safetj seized all members of the\\nRoyal Council then in Savannah and offered them in exchange.\\nThe offer was accepted, and on the 27th of March the prisoners\\nwere restored to their friends.\\nOn the 8th of August the Declaration of Independence was\\nreceived in Savannah, and was promulgated on the 11th by Archi-\\nbald Bulloch, President of the Executive Committee of Georgia, in\\nfront of the Assembly Rooms, at the Liberty Pole, and at the\\nbatter3^ The troops were paraded and a salute of thirteen guns\\nwas tired after each reading. Late in the day a dinner was par-\\ntiiken of by the soldiers and citizens, after which a funeral proces-\\nsion was formed the soldiers with arms reversed and muffled\\ndrums\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and marched to the front of the court-house, where the\\npolitical existence of George III was interred, the following funeral\\ndiscourse being delivered:\\nForasmuch as George III, of Great Britain, hatli most flagrantly violated\\nliis coronation oath, and trampled upon the constitution of our country\\nand the sacred rights of mankind, wc therefore commit his political existence\\nto the ground corruption to corruption tyranny to the grave and oppres-\\nsion to eternal infamy, in the sure and certain hope that he will never obtain\\na resurrection to rule again over these United States of America. But, my\\nfriends and fellow-citizens, let us not be sorry, as men without hope, for\\nTVKANTs that thus depart rather let us remember America is free and inde-\\npendent; that she is, and will be, with the blessing of the Almighty, great\\namong the nations of the earth. Let this encourage us in well-doing, to\\nlight for our rights and privileges, for our wives and children, for all that is\\nnear and dear unto us. 3Iay God give us his blessing and all the people say\\nAmen\\nA few days after the celebration a convention met in Savannah to\\nform a State constitution, which was dt)nc. It was adopted on the\\n5th of February, 1777.\\nIn January of 1777 William H. Drayton, who had been sent by\\nthe Assembly of South Carolina to treat with the Georgia Congress\\nof an union between Georgia and South Carolina, which the Assem-\\nbly of the latter province had resolved would tend effectually to\\npromote their strength, wealth, and dignity, and to secure their\\nliberty, independence, and safety, arrived in Savannah, and\\nfound, as he afterward wrote, every gentleman in public office\\nwas strongly against an union, but a number of gentlemen of\\nfortune, not in office or convention, who heartily approved the", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "44\\nHISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nmeasure. The advantages which would accrue to Savannah were\\nnearly altogether spoken of by the Commissioner before the Con-\\nvention, and led many to believe that the annexation of Savannah\\nwith South Carolina was more desired than the rest of the ^jrovince.\\nTJie Commissioner thus spoke:\\nTlie town of Savannah in particular, and the adjacent hinds, would be of\\nmuch move importance and value, because Savannah river would be imme-\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0diately cleared^ a measure that would encourage and occasion an immense\\nincrease of agriculture upon all land within reach of its navigation, and\\nheaee an amazing increase of produce and river navigation, all of which\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0would centre in Savannah. Thus, in a state of separation from South Caro-\\nlina, Savannah could reasonably expect, and that but by slow degrees, and\\nat a distant day, only the one half of the produce of a well-improved cultiva-\\ntion of the lands on the Savannah river, but by an union she would, in a\\nvery short time, receive the whole of that improved cultivation and trade,\\nand her own commerce would be increased almost beyond imagination,\\nalthough she would lose the scat of government. Finally, I may add, that\\nin a state of separation, in all probability, Savannah will be ruined, because\\nit will be our interest to preserve our trade to our own people. A town will\\nxise on the Carolina side of the Savannah river, which will be sure to preserve\\nour half of the trade of that river, and by being wisely supported it may draw\\nto it the other half also; and let it not be said, we can not find a situation for\\na town, because it ought to be remembered that history is full of instances of\\ntowns having been built and made to flourish in situations that had been\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2deemed impracticable for such purposes. Rivers and lands make wealthy\\ntowns, for these are natural causes; the presence and expense of a few officers\\nof Government are but drops of water in the ocean; these go but a little way\\ntoward filling a Government port with loa^led ships. The principal materials\\nfor the building of such towns are policy and opulence; I thank God, Caro-\\nlina is not known to be in want of either.\\nT!he proposed annexation was refused.* No town has risen to\\ncomijete with Savannah, but the trade and commerce which was\\ncoveted has increased, the town has prospered, and now ranks the\\nfirst city in beauty, and in point of wealth, refinement, and com-\\nmerce among the first cities of the United States.\\nIn the fall of 1778 Colonel Mcintosh, who had been left in com-\\ninand of the town after the repulse of the British in March, 1776,\\nnotified General Eobert Howe, commander of the American forces\\nin this section, with headquarters at Charleston, that an advance\\nof the enemy upon Savannah was anticipated, and that his small\\nNotwithstanding the refusal, Drayton endeavored, by speeches and other\\nmethods, to influence the people in favor of the project. This he continued\\nfor some time, when Governor Treutlen oflfered a reward for his apprehension.\\nFearing an arrest he fled the State.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "CAPTURE OF THE TOWN BY THE BRITISH. ^5\\nforce, two hundred and fifty men, with one hundred for duty, was\\ninadequate to defend the place. General Howe came over and\\ntook command. He had about five hiindred regulars and three\\nhundred and fifty militia. He learned that the enemy had planned\\nfor Colonel Prevost to advance from Florida and arrive near Savan-\\nnah in time to co-operate with the fleet under Sir Hyde Parker and\\nthe troo^js iinder Lieutenant-Colonel Campbell, to be sent from\\nNew York. Prevost advanced as far as Sunbury. The Americans\\nmade a show of being in strong force and Prevost retreated.\\nHowe then returned to Savannah and ordered all of the troops to\\nassemble there. The town was in an almost defenseless condition,\\nexcepting from the water side. The fort on the eastern end of the\\nbluff where the gas-house now stands, had been considerably\\nenlarged, more guns mounted, and made quite formidable. It was.\\nnamed Fort Wayne, in honor of General Anthony Wayne.\\nBy the 27th of December the whole of the British fleet had\\nanchored ofi^ Tj bee. The vessels composing the armed squadi on\\nwere the Phoenix, forty-four guns; the Eose and Fowey, twenty-\\nfour guns each; the Vigilant, twenty-eight guns; and the brig\\nKeppel, the sloop Greenwich, and the galley Comet. The trans-\\nports brought about thirty-five hundred men. Howe had about,\\nnine hundred men to oppose their force. The British were not at\\nfirst aware of the weakness of the Americans, and were disposed\\nto wait the arrival of Prevost s command before commencing the\\nassault upon the town. To gain information Colonel Campbell\\nsent a boat s crew ashore to capture some of the inhabitants. The\\ncrew landed on Wilmington island and took two men prisoners,\\nwho informed them of the exact condition of the Americans. Be-\\nlie sdug the iufor mation received to be correct, Campbell decided\\nto attack without delay. On the 28th the squadron sailed up\\nwithin two miles of town, opposite to Girardeau s plantation, and\\npreparations were made to land early the next morning.\\nHowe was not correctly informed concerning the strength of the\\nenemy, and believing he could cope with them, determined to\\ndefend the town. Observing this movement of the enemy, he\\nrightly concluded that the troops would land below Brewton hill*\\nand advance upon the town by the great road, now known as-\\nthe Thunderbolt road, and Captain John C. Smith, with his com-\\nThis hill is about a mile and a half in a direct line below the city, on the\\nplantation of T. F. Screven.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "4(5 HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAYAXNAIT.\\npany of South CaroliniauK, was sent to the hill to watch the enemy.\\nThe marsh on the east side of the city was then much wider and\\nmore difficult to cross than now. On the high ground west of the\\nmarsh General Howe placed his command so as to cover the great\\nroad, which crossed the marsh by a narrow causeway, and burned\\nthe bridge over the rivulet which ran through the centre of the\\nmarsh. To present still further obstructions, a deep ditch was dug\\nthree hundred yards west of the marsh and filled with v/ater. The\\narmy was divided into two brigades; the first, commanded by\\nColonel Elbert, constit^^ted the left, and the other, under Colonel\\nHuger, the right wing.* Five pieces of cannon were posted in\\nfront of the causeway. To the right of the position of the Ameri-\\ncans a small path led through the swamp to the high grounds on\\nthe opposite side. This path was pointed out to General Howe by\\nColonel Walton as a place which should be guarded, but the\\nGeneral, thinking differently, paid no attention to the suggestion.\\nAbout what is now the corner of Liberty and Bull streets were the\\nNew ban-acks. The roads to White Bluff and the Ogeechee river\\nunited near the barracks, and CVtlonel Walton, with one hundred\\nmilitia, Vv^as posted there.\\nAbout dawn of the 29th the British landed on Girardeaii s place.\\nFrom the point of landing to Brewton s hill ^^\u00e2\u0080\u00a2as a narrow cause-\\nway six hundred yards in length. A body of Highlanders, under\\nCaptain Cameron, landed first and were thrown forward to secure\\nthe hill. Captain Smith ordered his men to reserve their fire until\\nthe enemy were close. The Highlanders marched in solid column\\nhalf-way up the hill, when the Americans opened upon them,\\nkilling Captain Cameron and two privates, and wounding five\\nothers. The first and second battalions of DeLancy s corps of\\nNew York Volunteers and the first battalion of the 71st regiment of\\nfoot, all under Lieutenant-Colonel Maitland, had landed imme-\\ndiately after the Highlanders, and hearing the firing nished for-\\nward to particijDate. The Highlanders, who had been thrown into\\nconfusion by the effective fire of the Americans, rallied and\\nadvanced with their reinforcement. Captain Smith, who had\\nbeen instructed to retire if attacked by a large force, retreated\\nThe exact position of the American line on the soutlieast of tlie city is not\\nknown, but it is suppo.sed to liave been stretched across the road to Thunder-\\nbolt, a short distance west of what is now the site of the Atlantic and Gulf\\nRailroad depot.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "CAPTURE OF TlIK TOWN BY THE BRITISH.\\n47\\nto the main body. The entire force of the enemy now landed\\nand formed line-of-battle on top of the hill and there remained,\\nwhile Colonel Campbell with a small party rode forward to recon-\\nnoitre. This done, the light infantry, under Sir James Baird,\\nwere thrown forward, supported by DeLancy s New York Volun-\\nteers. Following these came the first battalion of the 71st with\\ntwo six-i30unders, and Wellworth s battalion of Hessians, with two\\nthree-i^ounders. By three o clock the army arrived within eight\\nhundred yards of the Americans and halted. The advantageous\\nposition selected by General Howe was diily noted and appreciated\\nby Colonel Campbell, and he determined that no benefits should\\nbe derived from it, and therefore aimed to turn Howe s right\\nflank \u00c2\u00abr get into his rear. In his reconnoisances he ran across an\\nold negro named Qnanimo Dolly, generally called Quash, who\\ninformed him of the private path through the swamp, by which\\nthe rear of the American line could be gained. Overjoyed at this\\ndiscovery, Camjibell returned to his command and ordered Sir\\nJames Baird, with the light infantry and the New York Volunteers,\\nto follow the uegro through the swamp and attack the first body of\\ntroops found. To deceive the Americans, Colonel Campbell ma-\\nnceiivred his troops in front as if about to attack. This caused\\nthe Americans to play upon them with their artillery. The\\nBritish did not return the fire, but still manoeuvred, waiting to\\nhear from Baird. He followed the negro through the swamp,\\ncoming out at a point near where is now Waringsville, and struck\\nthe White Bluff road, down which he advanced, falling siiddenly\\nupon the small force of Walton s. This was swept away after a\\nshort but brave resistance, during which Walton was wounded,\\nand the conqueror turned to the right to strike the rear of the\\nAmerican line. The tiring notified Campbell that Baird had\\naccomplished his purpose, and he immediately advanced his line\\nat a rapid pace. The artillery, which had been concealed behind a\\nhill, was piished forv/ard to the top and a rapid fire opened upon\\nthe Americans. Sir James Baird also charged from the rear. The\\nAmericans were between two fires, and opposed to them was a\\nforce much larger and better disciplined. Nothing but a retreat\\nwas now left to them. The order was given for Colonel Daniel\\nRoberts, with the artillery, to secure the causeway on the Augusta\\nroad leading across Musgrove creek and swamj}, on the west of the\\ntown. This he did, and the right flank retreated to it and crossed\\njn safety. The left flank attempted to retreat by this route, but", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "4.8 HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nliefore their amval the British drove Colonel Roberts across the\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2can se way and took possession. Colonel Elbert s command, many\\nof whom had been shot and bayonetted as they ran throiigh to^\\\\Ta,\\nfinding this avenue of retreat denied them, rushed tln-ough the rice-\\nfields near the river. The tide was up and Musgrove creek full of\\nwater. A large number threw away their arms and accoutrements\\nand attempted to swim it. Most of them succeeded, but thirty\\nof the number were drowned. The remainder of the command,\\ntwo hundred in number, either could not swim or dared not\\nattejnjjt to cross and there stopped, to be captured a few moments\\nafter. These were marched back to town, disarmed, and robbed\\nby the Highlanders. Sir James Baird coming up at the time Math\\nothers of the Highlanders mounted himself on a ladder and\\nsounded his bi-ass bugle-horn, which the Highlanders no sooner\\nheard than they all got about him, when he addressed himself to\\nthexa in Highland language, when they all dispersed and finished\\nj)lundering such of the officers and men as had been fortunate\\nenough to escajie the first search.\\nDuring the attack hj the army the British fleet was made ready\\nfor action, and as soon as it was ascertained that the American line\\nhad given way Sir Hyde Parker sailed up the river and passed Fort\\nWayne, receiving a few shots therefrom, which killed and wounded\\nfi.Ye seamen. The galley Comet was sent fiu-ther up the river and\\nprevented any of the American vessels from escaping; thus securing\\nto the squadi ou three ships, three brigs, and three smaller vessels,\\n;and one hundred and twenty-six prisoners. The army captured\\nthirty-eight officers, four hundred and fifteen non-commissioned\\nofficers and privates, one stand of colors, forty-eight cannon,\\ntwenty-three mortars, six hundred and thirty-seven stand of arms,\\njainety barrels of powdei and other munitions of war; all done\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0with the loss of only one commissioned officer and three men killed\\n.and one sergeant and fourteen men wounded. The Americans\\nlost eighty-three men killed, thirty drowned, and a large uiimber\\nTvounded.\\nThe conduct of the British troops upon entering the town was\\nof such a character as to strike terror to the hearts of all the\\ninhabitants. Before the soldiers could be restrained lawless and\\nbrutal acts were committed; women were insulted, citizens who\\nFrom the account of the capture of Mordecai Sheftall. Deputy Commis-\\n.sary-General of Issues to the Continental troops.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "CAPTURE OF TIIK TOWN BY THE BRITISH. 49\\nhad not been engaged in the tight shot and bayonetted in the\\nstreets, and a number seized and carried aboard the ships, where\\nthey endiired the most terrible sufferings from lack of food, pure\\nair, and water. Among those thus imprisoned were the Honorable\\nJonathan Bryan, his son James, Keverend Moses Allen, Mordecai\\nSheftall, and his son Sheftall Sheftall, Edward Davis, Dr. George\\nWells, and David Moses Vallaton.\\nThe remnant of Howe s army retreated ujj the river to Zubly s\\nferry and crossed into South Carolina. Campbell left Lieutenant-\\nColonel Innis in command of Savannah and marched to Augusta,\\nshortly after which Brevet Brigadier-General Prevost arrived and\\nrelieved Colonel Innis. General Prevost established his head-\\nquarters at the house situated on the north side of Broughton\\nstreet next east of the Masonic hall.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "50 HISTORICAL RECOKl) OF SAVANNAH.\\nCHAPTER V.\\nTreatment of the Inhabitants by the British Plans of the Americans aud\\nFrench to Recapture the Town Appearance of the French Troops\\nunder Count d Estaing before the Town\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Correspondence between Count\\nd Estaing and General Prevost regarding the Surrender of the Town Ar-\\nrival of the Americans The British Reinforced Commencement of Hos-\\ntilities Bombardment of the Town by the Allies Women and Children\\nKilled Houses Demolished Progress of the Siege Unparalleled Act\\nof Heroism Women and Children not allowed to leave town during the\\nSiege Assault upon Spring Hill Redoubt by the Besiegers They are\\nKepulsed with heavy loss\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Count Pulaski and Count d Estaing wounded\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nSergeant Jasper mortally wounded while bearing off the Colors of his\\nKegimeut Abandonment of the Siege Death and Burial of Count\\nPulaski.\\nThe British i-ule was most stringeut and exacting, subjecting the\\ninhabitants to every manner of annoyance. A reward of two\\nguineas was offered for everj citizen that adhered to the American\\ncause and ten guineas for every committeeman or assembljTiian that\\nshould be delivered up to the king s ofjficers. All articles of mer-\\nchandise, country produce, and market vegetables had to be sold\\nat fixed prices, and only by those who had taken the oath of\\nallegiance; if these rules were violated the articles were confis-\\ncated, and if the trader sold to any other than loyal persona he\\nwas fined two hundred pounds. Those who remained true to the\\ncause of liberty were, consequently, dependent upon the charity of\\nthose who had taken the oath. Their suflerings were almost beyond\\nendurance, but had to be borne uncomplainingly, for the least\\nmurmur of complaint was reported to headquarters by spies, and\\nthe complainant arrested, subjected to insult, aud in most instances\\ndeprived of his property by confiscation.* These persecutions\\nwere borne without a hope of relief until the fall of 1779, when\\nthe people were overjoyed by the appearance of a French fleet and\\narmy and the American army near the to-wu, which they thought\\nwould recapture the town and relieve them from the oppressors.\\nA number of ladies who openly avowed their sentiments were confined to\\ntheir houses under guard, and Mrs. Judy Minis and her mother were ordered\\nto leave town.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "FRENCH TROOrS BEFORE THE TOWN. 5J\\nGeneral Howe, shortly after his defeat here, was relieved by\\nGeneral Benjamin Lincoln. Early in 1778 a treaty was effected\\nbetween France and the United States, and common cause was\\nmade against the British. The French government sent a large\\nfleet and a small army over, \\\\inder Count d Estaing, to co-operate\\nwith the Americans. A plan for the captiire of the British army in\\nPhiladelphia by the combined armies failed, owing to a storm\\nwhich prevented the fleet from arriving in time. Count d Estaing\\nthen sailed to the West Indies and captured two towns, Grenada\\nand St. Vincent. While there General Lincoln, through the French\\nConsul, solicited his co-operation in a proposed attempt to recap-\\ntiire Savannah. Count d Estaing agi-eed to the plan, and it was\\narranged for the combined forces to appear in front of the town on\\nthe 17th of September, 1779.\\nOn the 3d of September Count d Estaing s fleet arrived oft Tybee,\\nthe fleet consisting of twenty line-of-battle and two fifty-gun\\nships, eleven frigates, and five small armed vessels, with five\\nthoiisand soldiers. The arrival was utterly unexpected by the\\nBritish, and a portion of their fleet, under Sir James Wallace (son-\\nin-law of Governor Wright), was captured. Colonel Josejih Haber-\\nsham, who had been instriicted by General Lincoln to meet Count\\nd Estaing at Tybee and make arrangements for the disembarkation\\nof the French, efiected an interview on the 11th, when it was\\ndecided to land the following night. Accordingly, shortly after\\ndark the troops were placed in small vessels and conveyed to\\nBeaulieu (the old seat of President William Stephens), about twelve\\nmiles from Savannah, and by the 15th all of the troops were\\nlanded at this place and intrenching tools sent ashore at Thun-\\nderbolt. General Lachlan Mcintosh and Count Casimir Pulaski\\nmarched from Augusta and swept the enemy s advanced guards\\nout of the waj capturing and killing some and driving the others\\ninto town. General Mcintosh then fell back aboiit three miles\\nfrom town and Count Pulaski marched to Beaulieu, effecting a\\njiinction with Count d Estaing on the 15th. The following day the\\nline of march was taken up for Savannah, in front of which they\\narrived at noon.\\nMeanwhile the British had not been idle. The arrival of the\\nFrench fleet was communicated to General Prevost on the 4th of\\nSeptember. Anticipating that an attack upon the town was shortly\\ni -tended, he ordered Lientenant-Colonel Criiger, at Sunbury, and\\nLiei^tenant-Colonel Maitland, at Beaiifort, to report with their", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "52 HISTORICAL KECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\ncommands. Some old redoubts throwTi ujd as a protection against\\nthe indians, but which were considered so worthless and disad-\\nvantageously placed that the Americans fought outside of them\\nwhen attacked by the British in 1778, had been repaired by the\\nBritish and twenty-three guns placed in position previous to the\\narrival of the French fleet. A force of twelve hundred men, three\\nhundred of whom were negroes, were set to work under the direc-\\ntion of Major Moncrief, constructing new works, mounting guns,\\nand making other preparations to resist the apprehended attack.\\nBy the sixteenth, a chain of redoubts thirteen in number, mounting\\nseventy-six guns and mortars, a number of which had been taken\\nfrom the vessels, were thrown Tip. These redoubts extended from\\nthe river at a point a little east of what is now East Broad street\\nto the New barracks, thence diverged to what is now South Broad\\nstreet, thence to where the Central Railroad depot and workshops\\nnow stand. This point was then known as Spring Hill, and was\\nthe best fortified position on the lines, and commanded the road\\nto Ebenezer and Augusta. The Musgrove creek and swamp on\\nthe west side of the city were almost impassable, and therefore only\\ntwo small redoubts were thrown xi^ on that side of the town. As a\\nprecautionary measure, the Germain was anchored off the mouth\\nof the creek to rake the rice-fields along that stream. Prevost,\\nfearing that the French frigates would sail close up to town and\\nfire into the rear of his lines, simk six vessels, the Fowey, Savan-\\nnah, and foiar transports, across the channel below the town.\\nSeveral small vessels were siink above the town and a boom laid\\nacross the river to prevent fire-rafts from floating down the river\\namong the shipping. On the 10th Colonel Cruger arrived, and\\nwith his forces aided in constructing the defences. In addition to\\nthe regular soldiers, Prevost had all of the sailors of the armed\\nand merchant vessels posted at the guns; the three hundred\\nnegroes were also armed. All of these preparations were com-\\npleted when d Estaing arrived; yet Prevost was not satisfied that\\nhe could make a successful resistance withotit Maitland s troops,\\neight hundred in number, who were hoiirly expected, and desired\\nto gain time.\\nWe left d Estaing a short distance from town on the 16th. His\\ntroops had hardly halted before he sent a pompous demand for\\nthe immediate surrender of the town, as follows:\\nNear what is now the corner of Liberty and Bull streets.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "COKEESPONDENCE REGARDING THE SURRENDER.\\n58\\nCount d Estaiug summons liis Excellency General Prevost to surrender to\\nthe arms of the King of France. ITe apprises him that he will be personally\\nresponsible for all the events and misfortunes that may arise from a defence,\\nwhich by the superiority of the force that attacks him. both by sea and land,\\nis rendered manifestly vain and of no effect.\\nHe gives notice to him also, that any resolution he may venture to come to,\\neither before the attack, in the course of it, or at the moment of the assault,\\nof setting fire to the shipping, or small craft belonging to the army, or to the\\nmerchants in the river of Savannah, as well as to all the magazines in the\\ntown, will be imputable to him only.\\nThe situation of Hospital hill in the Grenadas, the strength of the three\\nintrenchments and stone redoubts which defended it, and 1h\u00c2\u00ab comparative\\ndisposition of the troops before the town of Savannah, with a single detach-\\nment which carried the Grenadas by assault, should be a lesson to futurity.\\nHumanity obliges the Count d Estaing to recall this event to his memory;\\nhaving so done, he has nothing to reproach himself with.\\nLord Macartney had the good fortune to escape from the first transport\\nof troops who entered a town sword in hand, but notwithstanding the most\\nvaluable effects were deposited in a place supposed by all the officers and\\nengineers to be impregnable. Count d Estaing could not have the happiness\\nof preventing their being pillaged. Estaing.\\nCamp before Savannah, the 16th of Sejilember, 1779.\\nTo this pompous demand General Prevost sent the following\\nreply:\\nCamp nkak Savannah, September 16, 1779.\\nSiu: I am just now honored with your Excellency s letter of this date,\\ncontaining a summons for me to surrender this town to the arms of his\\nMajesty the King of France; wliicli I had just delayed to answer till I had\\nshown It to the King s civil governor.\\nI hope your Excellency will have a better opinion of me, and of British\\ntroops, than to think either will surrender on general summons, without any\\nspecific terms.\\nIf you, Sir, have any to propose, that may with honor be accepted of by me,\\nyou can mention them, both with regard to civil and military; and I will\\nthen give my answer. In the meantime I will promise, upon my honor, that\\nnothing with my consent or knowledge shall be destroyed in either this\\ntown or river.\\n[Signed] A. Prevost.\\nHis Excellency Count d Estaing. French forces, c., c.\\nTo this Count d Estaing replied:\\nCamp befoiie Savankah, September 16th, 1779.\\nSip.: I have just received your Excellency s answer to the letter I had the\\nhonor of writing to you this morning. You are sensible that it is the part\\nof the besieged to propose such terms as they may desire and you can not\\ndoubt of the satisfaction I .shall have iu consenting to those which I can\\naccept consistently with my duty.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "54 HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nI am iuformed that you continue iutrenching yourself. It is a matter of\\nvery little importance to me; however, for form s sake, I must desire that you\\nwill desist during our conferences.\\nThe different columns which I had ordered to stop will continue their\\nmarch, but Avithout approaching your posts or recounoitering your situation.\\nI have the honor to be, with respect, Sir, your Excellency s most humble\\nand most obedient servant,\\n[Signed] Estaing.\\nHis Excellency General Prevost, Major-Genoral iu the service of his Britannic\\nMajesty and Commander-in-Chief at Savannah, in Georgia.\\nP. S.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 I apprise your Excellency that I have not been able to refuse the\\narmy of the United States uniting itself with that of the king.\\nThe junction will probably be effected this day. If I have not an answer,\\ntherefore, immediately, you must confer iu future with General Lincoln\\nand me.\\nGeneral Prevost replied:\\nCami- neak Savankah. September 16th, 1779.\\nSiK I am honored with your Excellency s letter in reply to mine of this\\nday.\\nThe business we have in hand being of importance, there being various\\ninterests to discuss, a just time is absolutely necessary to deliberate. I am,\\ntherefore, to propose, that a suspension of hostilities shall take place for\\ntwenty-four hours from this date; and to request that your Excellency will\\norder your columns to fall back to a greater distance and out of sight of our\\nworks, or I shall think myself under the necessity to direct their being fir\u00c2\u00abd\\nupon. If they did not reconnoitre anything this afternoon they were sure\\nwithin the distance.\\n[Signed] A. Prevost.\\nHis Excellency Count d Estaing, c., c.\\nCount d Estaing replied as follows, gniutiug the reqiie.st, yet\\nintimuting that he knew the cause of it:\\nCamp before Savankah, September 16th, 1779.\\nSii:: I consent to the truce you ask. It shall continue till the signal for\\nretreat to-morrow night, the 17th, whicli will serve also to announce the\\nrecommencement of hostilities. It is unnecessary to observe to your Excel-\\nlency that this suspen. ion of arms is entirely in your favor, since I can not be\\ncertain that you will not make use of it to fortify yourself, at the same time\\nthat the propositions you shall make may be inadmissible.\\nI mu.st observe to you, also, how important it is that you should be fully\\naware of your own situation as well as that of the troops under your com-\\nmand. Be assured that I am thoroughly acquainted with it. Your knowledge\\nof military aff airs will not suffer you to be ignorant that a due examination\\nof that circumstance always precedes the march of the columns; and that\\nthis preliminary is not carried into execution by a mere show of troops.\\nI have ordered them to withdraw before night comes on, to prevent any\\ncause of complaint on your part I understand that my civility iu tliis respect", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "THK BRITISH KEIXFOKCED. gg\\nhas been the occasion tliat the Chevalier dc Cliambis, a lieutenant in the\\nnavy, has been made a prisoner of war.\\nI propose sending out some small advanced posts to-morrow morning.\\nThey will place tliem.selves in such a situation as to have in view the four\\nentrances into the wood, in order to prevent a similar mistake in future. I\\ndo not know whether two columns, commanded by the Viscount de Noailles\\nand the Count de Dillon, have shown too much ardor, or whether your\\ncannoniers have not paid a proper respect to the truce subsisting between us;\\nbut this I know, that what has Iiappened this night is a proof that matters\\nwill soon come to a decision between us one way or another.\\nI have the honor to be, with respect, c.,\\n[Signed] Estaikg.\\nHis Excellency General I revost, Major-Geueral in the service of his Britannic\\nJIajesty and Commander-in-Ckief at Savannah, in Georgia.\\nThe whole day was spent in the interchange of these notes,\\nwhich resulted in Prevost s obtaining the time he so much desired.\\nThe following day General Lincoln arrived and held a council of\\nwar with d Estaing, who informed him of what had transpired.\\nGeneral Lincoln was much displeased at the unseemly haste and\\nlack of courtesy of d Estaing, and so expressed himself.\\nDuring the interchange of notes between Prevost and d Estaing\\nColonel Maitland was making all speed to join Prevost. His com-\\nmand, in small vessels, arrived in the river, during a dense fog.\\nearly on the 17th. The French squadron lay a little way up the\\nriver. An attempt to pass them would only have caused the\\ndestrtiction or cajiture of his command, and Maitland knew not\\nwhat to do. Fortune and the ignorance of the commander of the\\nFrench fleet favored him. A negro oystering near by was captured,\\nand in resj)onse to interrogations concerning the channel informed\\nMaitland that he knew of a way of reaching Savannah without\\npassing in range of the guns of the fleet. The negro was pressed\\ninto service and piloted the vessels througli Wall s cut* into the river\\nabove the hostile squadron. A few more moments and the troops\\nwere landed upon the blufl amid the cheers of the garrison, which\\nnow numbered twenty-eight hundred men. There were now one\\nhundred and eighteen guns, including held pieces, in position, the\\nredoubts were in order, the approaches to them protected by\\nabattis, and a sufficient number of men to cope with the enemy.\\nPrevost and his troops, before the arrival of Maitland, were\\nIn 1862 the Confederates failed to guard this cut. The Federal gun-boats\\npassed through into the river and cut off communication between Fort\\nI ulaski and the citv.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "gg HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\ndepressed, believing the town wonld have to be surrendered; in\\nfact, the incipient measures to that end had been taken. Now all\\nwere hopeful and the commander confident that he could make a\\nsuccessful resistance; and an hour after receiving the reinforce-\\nment addressed the following note to Coimt d Estaing:\\nSavannah, September 17, 1779,\\nSiu: 111 answer to the letter of your Excellency, which I had the honor to\\nreceive about twelve last night, I am to acquaint you that, having laid the\\nwhole correspondence before tlie King s civil governor and the military\\nofficers of rank assembled in council of war, the unanimous determination\\nhas been that, though we can not look upon our post as absolutely inex-\\npugnable, yet that it may and ought to be defended; therefore, the evening\\ngun to be fired this evening at an hour before sundown shall be the signal for\\nrecommencing hostilities, agreeable to your Excellency s proposal.\\nI liave the honor to be A. Pkkvo.st.\\nThe turn affairs had taken was entirely unanticipated, and the\\nelation it occasioned among the British had a corresponding depres-\\nsing influence among the allied forces. The opportunity^ for taking\\nthe town by assault, which could have been easily done on the 16th\\nor early on the 17th, had passed. A siege was determined upon.\\nAs it was not anticipated that this would have to be done no\\npreparations had been made for it; consequently, considerable\\ndelay ensued in procuring the requisite cannon, mortars, and\\nammunition from the French fleet.\\nA new work was begun by the British, on the night of the 21st,\\nin front of the New barracks for six and nine-pounders. The walls\\nof the barracks were also pulled down to within a few feet of the\\nground and the bricks thrown in front and on either side. These\\nwere covered with sand and dirt and a most formidable work\\nmade. This was done during the night. The besiegers, who had\\nobserved the biailding up to the night before and pointed it out as\\na good mark for their gunners, were much surprised tlie next\\nmorning not to see any trace of the building and to receive a\\nsevere fire of artillery from the sj^ot where it stood only twelve\\nhours before.\\nOn the night of the 23d both the American and French armies\\nbroke ground together, about a mile from the enemj s works, the\\nAmericans on the left. On the night of the 24th a sap was piished\\nforward to within three hundred yards of the Spring Hill redoubt.\\nAt nine o clock, a. m., on the 25th, Major Graham, of the 16th\\nregiment, made a sortie for the purpose of reconnoitering the", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "UNPARALLELED ACT OF HEROISM. 57\\nposition of the allies. They clashed up to the .saiD and momen-\\ntarily had possession of it. The French immediately dislodged\\nthe British and pursued them so ardently that they unexpectedly\\nrushed under the guns of the British redoubts. The artillery was\\nbroiaght into play and the French fell back to the main line, with\\na loss of fifteen killed and thirty-five or forty wounded. The\\nBritish lost seven killed and fifteen wounded.\\nThe 25th and 26th were spent in harmless canonading and picket\\nfiring. At night on the 27th Major McAi-thur, of the 71st, sallied\\nout to a small advanced work of the French, hoping to spike some\\ncannon. He was discovered, and after firing a few rounds retreated\\nunperceived. The French attempted to gain his left and the\\nAmericans his right flank. The advance of each party met, and\\neach thinking the other the British, commenced a brisk fire.\\nAbout fifty lives were lost before the mistake was discovered.\\nOn the 28th the French frigate La Trinitie sailed up the Back\\nriver and anchored opposite the town. Two galleys at the same\\ntime moved up to the sunken vessels and fired upon the towna,\\nbeing joined by the frigate. The frigate was too far off, and her\\nshots did no execution. The fire from the galleys injured several\\nof the houses.\\nGeneral Lachlan Mcintosh on the 29th solicited and obtained\\npermission from General Lincoln to send a flag-of-truce to General\\nPrevost, requesting him to permit Mrs. Mcintosh and children,\\nand such other women and children as desired, to leave town\\nduring the siege. Major Jones bore the flag and found Mrs.\\nMcintosh and children in a cellar, where they had been for six\\ndays. All of the cellars were crowded with the women and child-\\nren. General Prevost, imagining that by retaining the women and\\nchildren in town the besiegers would be restrained from throwing^\\nbombs and carcasses into it, refused to aUow any one to leave.\\nDuring the night of the first of October, Colonel John White,\\nwith Captains George Melvin and A. G. Elholm and three soldiers,\\nreconnoitred the position of Captain French, who, with five vessels,\\nfour of them fully armed, had attempted to sail up the Savannah\\nriver and reinforce Prevost, but the presence of the French fleet\\nprevented and he sailed up the Ogeechee, intending to march his\\nforce of one hundred and thirty men over land. Arriving at a\\npoint about twenty miles from Savannah he ascertained that the\\nAmericans and French were between him and town. He concluded\\nto await events and made a descent on shore, posting his men in", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "58\\nHISTORICAL RECORD OF SAYAXNAII.\\nan advantageous position, which was luriher protected by the\\nvessels which were stationed so that they coukl aid in repelling an\\nattack. Colonel White fully reconnoitred the position and formed\\nthe bold plan of capturing the men and vessels with his small force\\nof five men. White gives an account of ihe affair in his Histori-\\ncal Collections of Georgia, from which we extract it:\\nThe party then built a large number of watch-fires around tlio camp,\\nplacing tliem in eucli a position and at such intervals as to induce Captain\\nFrench and his soldiers to believe that they were absolutely surrounded by\\na large force. The deception was kept up through the night by White and\\nliis companions, marching from fire to fire with the measured tread and the\\nloud challenge of sentinels, now hailing from the east of the British camp,\\nand then shifting rapidly their position and challenging from the extreme\\nwest. Nor was this the only stratagem; each mounted a horse and rode with\\nhaste in divers directions, imitating the manner of the staff, and giving orders\\nwith a loud voice. The delusion was complete. Captain French suffered\\nhimself to be completely trapped. White carried his daring plan forward by\\ndashing boldly and alone to the camp of the British and demanding a con-\\nference with French. I am commander, Sir, he said, of the American\\nsoldiers in your vicinity. If you will surrender at once to my force, I will\\nsee to it that no injury is done to you or your command. If you decline to do\\nthis, I must candidly inform you that the feelings of my troops ai-e highly\\nincensed against you, and I can by no means be responsible for any conse-\\nquences that may ensue. French thanked him for his humanity, and said,\\ndespondingly, that it was useless to contend with fate or with the large force\\nthat he saw was around him, and announced his willingness to surrender his\\nvessels, his arms, his men, and himself to Colonel White. At this instant\\nCaptain Elholm came suddenly dashing up at full speed, and saluting White,\\ninquired of him where he should place the artiller}\\\\ Keep them back, keep\\nthem back. Sir, answered White, the British have surrendered. Move\\nyour men off, and send me three guides to conduct them to the American post\\nat Sunbury. The three guides arrived. The five vessels were burned, and\\nthe British, urged by White to keep clear ot his men, and to hasten their\\ndeparture from the enraged and formidable Americans, pushed on with great\\ncelerity, whilst AV ^hite retired with one or two of his associates, stating that\\nhe would go to his troops in the rear and restrain them. He now employed\\nhimself in collecting the neighborhood militia, with whicli he overtook liis\\nguides and conducted the prisoners iu safety to the Sunbury post.\\nThe extraordinary address of White, says General Lee in his\\naccount of the affair, was contrasted by the extraordinary folly of\\nCaptain French, and both were necessary to produce this wonderful\\nissue. The affair ajiproaches too near the marvelous to have Iteen\\nadmitted into these memoirs, had it not been uniformly asserted as\\nuniformly accredited and never contradicted.\\nThe French frigate and galleys canonaded the left of the enemy s", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "AON-L OMBATANTS DETAINED IN TOWN.\\n59\\nliuc on the third, which, says a British account, had no other\\neffect than to point out where to make traverses. At midnight\\nof the same day the batteries of the allies opened fire on the\\nto\\\\s n, continuing it until two o clock, then ceasing, only to resume\\nat daybreak, with thirty-seven guns and a number of mortars from\\nthe land side and sixteen guns from the frigate. The British\\nbatteries responded, and the canonading was kept up at intervals\\nthroughout the day, without much damage to the soldiers or works\\nof either armj% but missiles from the besiegers killed several\\nwomen and childi en and three or foiir negroes. A young mother\\nwith an infant in her arms was lying on the bed in a house in the\\ncentral part of the town, when a shell passed through, in its course\\nkilling both mother and child.\\nThe fifth was passed in comparative quiet; but on the sixth the\\nbesiegers resumed the bombardment, which demolished several\\nhouses and burnt one. At eleven o clock General Prevost sent the\\nfollowing request to Count d Estaing\\nCamp Savaknah, October 6th, 1779.\\nSiu: I am persuaded that your Excellency will do me justice; and that in\\ndefending this place, and the army committed to my charge, I fulfil what is\\ndue to honor and duty to my prince. Sentiments of a different kind occasion\\nthe liberty of now addressing myself to your Excellency; they are those of\\nh-umanity. The houses of Savannah are occupied solely by women and\\nchildren. Several of them have applied to me, that I might request the favor\\nyou would allow them to embark on board a ship or ships, and go down the\\nriver under the protection of yours, until this business is decided. If this\\nrequisition you are so good as to grant, my wife and children, with a few\\nservants, shall be the first to profit by this indulgence.\\nI have the honor to be, c., c. A. Prevost.\\nAs General Prevost had refused to grant a similar request made\\nby the allies on the 29th, they refused to accede to this request,\\nassigning their reasons therefor in the reply, which is as follows\\nCamp before Savannah, October 6th, 1779.\\nSir: We are persuaded that your Excellency knows all that your duty\\nprescribes; perhaps your zeal has already interfered with your judgment.\\nThe Count d Estaing, in his own name, notified to you that you would be\\npersonally and alone responsible for the consequences of your obstinacy.\\nThe time which you informed him, in the commencement of the siege, would\\nbe necessary for the arrangement of articles, including the different orders of\\nmen in your town, had no other object than that of receiving succor. Such\\nconduct. Sir, is sufficient to forbid every intercourse between us which might\\noccasion the least loss of time. Besides, in the present application, latent\\nreasons may again exist, There are military ones, which in frequent instances", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "go HISTORICAL IlECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nhave prevented the indulgence you request. It is with regret we yield to the\\nausterity of our functions; and we deplore the fate of those persons who will\\nbe the victims of your conduct and tlie delu.sion which appears to prevail in\\nyour mind.\\nWe are, with respect, c., c.,\\n[Signed] B Lincoln.\\nESTAING.\\nThere was no cessation of hostilities during this correspondence\\nthe bombardment was continued throughout the day, also on the\\nseventh and eighth, neither besiegers nor besieged suffering materi-\\nally from it. Early on the morning of the eighth, Captain I Enfant\\nwith five men rushed up under a heavy fire to the abattis in front\\nof the British works and attempted to burn it, but failed, owing to\\nthe greenness of the wood and the damp air. This was done to\\nremove, if possible, these obstructions preparatory to an assault\\nwhich had been determined upon. The Spring Hill redoubt was\\nselected as the point to be attacked, and before dawn on the ninth\\nas the time for the assault. On the 8th General Lincoln issued\\norders for the troops to be supplied with forty rounds of ammu-\\nnition and to parade after miilnight. Count d Estaing was to lead\\nthe attack with the French, followed by Pulaski with his legion,\\nwhich was ordered to penetrate the enemy s line between the\\nSpring Hill redoubt and the next toward the river, then pass to\\nthe left into Yamacraw and secure all parties of the enemy in that\\nquarter. The Americans under command of Colonel Laurens were\\nto follow Pulaski. Count Dillon, with a small body of French, was\\nto attack on the left of the Augusta road. Colonel Huger was to\\nproceed around to the enemy s left with five hundred men and\\nmake an attack at four o clock. This attack was only intended as\\na feint. Each soldier was forbidden to fire his weapon before the\\nredoubt was carried and to distinguish them from the enemy, each\\nwas ordered to wear a piece of white paper in his hat. It was also\\nordered that if the troops were repulsed after taking the Spring\\nHill redoubt they were to rally in rear of that redoubt; and if\\nrepulsed before taking it, to rally at the Jews burying-ground.\\nThe allies were confident of success and impatiently awaited the\\norder for attack. During the night a sergeant-major of the Ameri-\\nThis burying-ground is still to be seen. It is in Eobertaville, about six\\nhundred yards in a southwesterly direction from the Central Railroad shops.\\nMost of the walls are torn down. Another cemetery has been established\\n.about twenty paces distant, in which the Hebrews now inter their dead.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "REPULSE OF THE FEENCH AKD AMERICANS. Q1\\ncan grenadiers deserted to the enemj carrying a copy of the or der\\nfor the attack. General Prevost had expected an attack, but\\nthought it -would be made upon his left, which was more easily\\napproached than any other portion of his line. Acting upon this\\ninformation he reinforced the right of his line and assigned Colonel\\nGraham to command there.\\nUnaware that their plan of attack was known to the enemy the\\nallies moved forward to the assault, but owing to the darkness\\nfailed to reach the positions assigned them until daylight. The\\nBritish were on the alert, and as soon as they were seen opened\\na hea%^ iire upon them. This was not anticii^ated, but, nothing\\ndaunted, the French pushed forward, followed by the Americans\\non the left. Both parties reached the redoubt and planted their\\nflags i:pon it, biit in a few moments were driven away, only to\\npress forward again. The 2d South Carolina was foremost in the\\nattack, and its standard was planted upon the work by Lieutenants\\nBush and Hume. They were almost instantly killed, and the\\ncolors fell with them into the ditch. Lieutenant Gray then seized\\nthem and once more they floated from the works, bvit he, too, was\\nshot down. At his fall Sergeant Jasper rushed forward and bore\\nthem aloft, but human endurance could not withstand the terrific\\nfii e of the British and the Americans retreated. Sergeant Jasper\\ncarrying oft the colors. Count Dillon lost his way in Musgrove\\nswamp, and earlj in the morning foiind himself exposed to the\\nfire of the vessels ofl Musgrove creek and the redoubts in front.\\nHe endeavored to advance, but was speedily driven back. Count\\nd Estaing succeeded in effecting a lodgment on the left of the\\nSpring Hill redoubt, bvit being wounded twice had to be carried\\noff the field and his troops were thrown into disorder. Count\\nPulaski broke through the lines, as ordered, and was piishing for-\\nward, when he heard that d Estaing was wounded and both the\\nSergeant Jasper greatly distinguished himself during the bombardment of\\nFort Moultrie by the British fleet some time previous. During the hottest part\\nof the engagement the flag-statf was cut in two. Jasper caught the flag, seized\\na sponge-staft and, tying the flag to it, jiunped upon the rami^arts and held it\\nthere until a new stail was procured. For this brave act he was oftered a com-\\nmission, but modestly refiised to accept it, stating that he could neither read\\nnor write, and therefore did not deem himself worthy A short time after, his\\nregiment (the 2d South Carolina) was i^resentod with a stand of colors, beauti-\\nfully embroidered, by Mrs. Elliott. Jasper received them, and swore to protect\\nthem with his life. Governor Rutledge at the same time presented him with a\\nsword, and again offered him a commission, which he again refused.\\nG", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "j[52 HISTOIUOAL RECOKD OF SAVANNAH.\\nAmericans auil Frtuch retreating. He left his command with\\niColonel Horry and galloped to the front of the retreating troop.s\\nand bade them follow him. Animated by his brave example and\\nc ^leering words, a large number turned and again advanced to the\\nSpiing Hill redoubt. A small cannon-shot struck Pulaski in the\\ngroin as he was entering the redoubt, and he fell from his horse.\\nThis discouraged the troops and they retreated, leaving Pulaski\\non the field. Hearing of this a large number of his legion advanced\\nthrough the terrible fire and bore him to the rear. The British\\nunder Major Glasier followed the allies, but their retreat was so\\nwell covered by General Lincoln that the enemy took no prisoners\\nand sufiered considerably for their boldness. Colonel Huger made\\nthe feint on the left as ordered. The enemy were prepared, and\\nreceived him with music and musket and cannon balls. He lost\\ntwenty-eight men and retreated.\\nThe allies having lost a large number in killed and wounded\\nwere disspirited, and were glad to seek shelter behind their works,\\nleaving the enemy complete masters of the situation. The conflict\\nbegun at daybreak and was over by nine o clock, and at ten Prevost\\nwas recpiested to grant a truce to bury the dead and carry off the\\nv. ounded, who were strewn in and on the works, in the ditch, and\\nin front. Prevost granted a truce of four hours, stipulating that\\nonly those some distance from the works should be buried or cared\\nfor liy their friends. Those of the dead near were buried by the\\nBritish, and the wounded, one hiindred and eighteen in niimber,\\nsent over. The British lost over one hundred men during the\\nsiege, fifty-seven of whom were killed during the assault.* The\\ncombined army numbered four thousand nine hundred and fifty\\nmen, and lost in the assault eleven Inindred men killed and wound-\\ned six hundred and forty French and four himdred and sixt\\nAmericans.\\nThis bloody repulse disheartened the besiegers, but General\\nLincoln still desired to continue the siege. In this he was opposed\\nby Count d Estaing, who feared to remain longer with his fleet,\\nlest it should suffer from the autumnal gales. It was therefore\\ndetermined to retreat. A bold front was shown the enemy Mhile\\nthe ordnance and stores were being placed on the ships; and a\\nThe euemy buried their dead inside of the redoubt. In 1837 it was cut\\ndown to fill up a i^laoe where tlie Central Railroad depot now stands. A number\\nof articU^s of warfare were dug up and are now in the possession of citizens.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "DEATH AND BVllI-U. OF COUNT PULASKI.\\n(]3\\nlev. clays after the assault the besiegois disappeared, the Americans\\nretreated to Ziibly s ferry, and the French re-embarked at Cans-\\nton s bhiff. The fleet sailed from Tybee on the 2d of November,\\nencountering a heavy gale, which dispersed the ships.\\nAmong the more noted personages killed and wounded during\\nthe assault were Counts d Estaing and Pulaski, Major-General\\n(VFontagnes, Chevalier d Ernonville, Colonel John White, Majors\\nPierce Butler and John Jones,* and Sergeant Jasper.\\nCOrXT CASIMIR PULASKI.\\nCount Pulaski fell about the spot now occupied by the Central\\nRailroad dejiot. He was born in the province of Lithuania, Po-\\nland, in the year 1746. He was elected leader of a band of\\npatriots confederated together to relieve their native land from the\\noppressive rule of Russia. Austrian and Prussian troops were sent\\nto assist the Riissian forces stationed in Poland. Against these\\nst-rwhelming odds the little band bravelv contended, but was\\nInstantly killed by a cannon-shot in front of the Spring Hill batterj", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "Q^ HISTORICAL EECOED OF SAVANNAH.\\noverpowered and the most severe pimishments inflicted on those\\ncaptxared. Pulaski aud other noblemen fled to France. Here he\\nlearned of the struggle of the Americans for independence, and\\ntendered his services, which were accepted by Congress and the\\nrartk of Brigadier-General conferred upon him. Owing to the\\ndissatisfaction of the officers under him he resigned, after having\\ndistinguished himself in several engagements. He was then em-\\npowered to raise a legion, which was soon after organized.\\nThe Count, after his removal to the rear and the extraction\\nof the ball from his groin, was placed on a vessel to be sent\\nto Charleston. The vessel had hardly sailed oi;t of the harbor\\nbefore he died. The body immediatelj became so offensive that\\nthe captain was compelled to consign it to the depths of the sea.*\\nThe funeral services were performed in Charleston, where the\\nannoixncement of the death of the brave Pole caiised, as it did\\nthroughoixt the American colonies, the most intense grief.\\nOf Sergeant Jasper there is much of interest to relate. No\\nbraver and truer soldier died for the cause of American liberty.\\nDuring the assault upon the Spring Hill redoubt he was conspicu-\\nous for his bravery and coolness. Though mortallj wounded, he\\nbore off the flag after vainly attempting to plant it inside of the\\nredoubt. After the engagement Colonel Horry called to see him\\nand found his life-blood ebbing fast. He was aware of his con-\\ndition, and in a faint voice requested the Colonel to give the\\nsword presented by Governor Kutledge to his father, and tell\\nhim that I have worn it with honor, and if he should weep, tell\\nhim I died in the hope of a better life. Tell Mrs. Elliott I lost my\\nlife supporting the colors which she presented to our regiment. If\\nyou should ever see Jones, his wife, and son, tell them Jasper is\\ngone, but that the remembrance of the battlef he fought for them\\nbrought a secret joy to his heart when it was about to stop its\\nmotion forever. He died a few moments after.\\nThere is great diversity of opinion in this regard, some asserting that he was\\nburied at Greenwich, three miles from Savannah, and others on an island\\nbetween here and Charleston. Captain Bentalou, an officer of Pulaski s staff,\\nwho was also wounded and on board of the vessel, wrote an account stating that\\nPulaski died on board and his body was thrown into the water because of its\\noffensiveness, and in absence of other authority this must be accepted as correct.\\nt An account of the affair alluded to will be found under the head of Jasper\\nSpring.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "RIOTOUS NEGROES. g5\\nCHAPTER VI.\\nAppearance of the Town after the Siege Riotous Ncgroei; ^kirmishcs\\naround tlie Town\u00e2\u0080\u0094 An American Dragoon Killed He is scalped, stripped,\\nhis body dragged through the streets, and interment refused Surrender\\nof the Town by the British Revival of Business Organization of tlie\\nChatham Artillery Burial of Major-General Greene Shipment of the\\nfirst Bale of Cotton Incorporation of Savannah as a City Visit of\\nGeneral Washington His Account of his Visit and Description of the\\nCity Destructive Fire in 1796 Cen.sus of the City in 1V9S Visit of\\nVice-President Aaron Burr Terrific Gale in 1804 Savannah during the\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\\\\Var of 1812 Capture of tlio Britisii Brig-of-war Epervier.\\nThere were about four hundred houses iu Savauuah at the time\\nof the siege and about seven hundred and fifty inhabitants. A\\nlarge number of the males were absent in the American army, and\\na great many families had fled the town to avoid the persecTTtions\\nof the British. The batteries of the allies threw over a thoiisand\\nshot and shell into the town, by which four houses were biirned,\\nseveral demolished, and a large number injm-ed. The churches\\nand public buildings had been used for hospitals and storehouses,\\nand were not fit to be used for their original purposes. Governor\\nWright, who had made his appearance after the capture of the\\ntown in 1778, endeavored to restore it to its former condition;\\nwhich he partially accomplished before its evacuation by the\\nBritish forces. ^Vhile the town was made an object of care and\\nsolicitude the inhabitants were not thought of, excejit as objects\\nto impose fresh persecutions upon. Beside the petty tjTamiies\\nof the enemy the inhabitants had to bear the insolence of the\\nnegroes, who had first been employed by the enemy as laborers\\nand then armed. This made them bold and overbearing; the\\nfemales were insulted, and robbery and deeds of violence were\\ncommitted. The people petitioned and petitioned^Governor Wright\\nto check the negroes; but his majesty allowed it to continue until\\nit became so intolerable, not only to the citizens but to the British\\nofficers and soldiers also, that he was compelled to check them,\\nand then found it a difficult matter.\\nOne hundred and sixty houses were so much injured by the soldiers and\\nnegroes, who had used them as quarters during the siege, as to be uninhabitable.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "(JQ HISTOIUCAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nAlthoiigh tlie British were left in possession of the town they\\ndid not feel secure. They were kept constantly on the alert by\\nsmall parties of Americans, who would dash up within view of their\\nfortifications, capture all stragglers, pickets, and supplies, and be\\nmiles away before pursuit could be given. Among these detach-\\nments, the one under Captain .John Bilbo was the most noted.\\nThis petty warfare was continued near the town until early in 1782.\\nThen General Wayne, with a small force of cavalry and artillery,\\nwas sent to the vicinity and ojierations were conducted on a larger\\nscale, the eneinj were kept close within the limits of the town,\\nthe provisions in the vicinity were destroyed, and when a sortie\\nwas made to interrupt the operations of the Americans the sally-\\ning party was made to sutler terribly. The British had some\\nIndians with them, and on one occasion an American dragoon was\\n.shot by them while charging with his troop near the batteries.\\nGeneral Waj ne gives an account of the affair under date of the\\n20th of March, 1782, which says:\\nWhen the enemy retreated they bore off the scali of the, dragoon, with whi h\\nthey paraded the streets of Savannah, headed by the Lioiiteuant-Goveruor and\\nother British officers, who gave an entertainment to the indiaus and had a\\ndance on the occasion. Nor did their barbai-ity rest here; they mangled and\\ndisfigured the dead body in a manner that none but wretches inured in acts\\nof cruelty would possibly be capable of, iiud ordered it to remain unburied; but\\nthe Ethiopian.?, more humanized, stole it away and deposited it into the ground,\\nfor the commission of which crime a reward of five guineas is offered for the\\ndiscovery of any per. in or persons coueorued in that act of humanity.\\nl)n the 1st of July, 1782, General Wayne received, under a flag\\nof truce, a deiratation from the merchants of Savannah, who\\ninformed him that General Clarke, commandant of the tov.n, daily\\nexpected orders to evacuate it, and they desired to ascertain upon\\nwhat conditions the British subjects would be j^ermitted to remain\\nshould thai happen. General Wayne stated that he Ould give an\\nanswer the next day. He held a conference v,-ith Governor Martin,\\nand when the deputation was presented he assured them that the\\nl^ersons and property of such as chose to remain in Savannah\\nafter it should be evacuated would be protected, and a reasonable\\nCaptain Bilbo s party, while attacking a party of the enemy a few miles from\\nSavannah, was fired upon from a house, by which the captain was woimded.\\nHe was captured and brought to town, and died on the 8th of May, 1780. Hi.^\\n4eath resulted from rough usage and neglect.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "EVACTATION OF SAVANNAH. (57\\ntime would be allowed them to dispose of their property and\\nsettle their peciiuiary aftairs in the State, but that such men as\\nhad committed murder or other atrocious offences would be liable\\nto be tried and punished according to the laws of the State. The\\ndeputation retui ued to town and communicated the reply to the\\ninhabitants, who the next day appointed another deputation, with\\ninstructions to enter into definite terms and conditions and have\\nthem reduced to writing, which was accordingly done. Major\\nJohn Habersham, a native of Savannah and an officer of the\\nGeorgia line, coudiicted the negotiations, which were satisfactory\\nto both parties, especially to the British merchants, a number\\nof whom decided to remain. The orders for the evacuation of the\\ntown \u00c2\u00bbcame, and preparations were made to leave on the lltli\\nof July and to surrender the town to the Americans the same day.\\nBy two o clock on that day the British troops, twelve hundred in\\nnumber, five hundred women and children, three hundred Indians,\\nfive thousand negroes, and such other phmder as could be\\ncollected were on board of the vessels.* Two hours thereafter\\nGeneral Wayne issued the following order:\\nHeadquaeteks, Savannah, 11th July, 1782.\\nThe light infantry company nuder Cajitain Parker to take post in the centre\\nwork in front of the to\\\\\\\\Ti, placing sentinels at the respective gateways and\\nsallyports, to xn-event any person or i^crsous going or entering the lines without\\nwritten permits, until further orders.\\nNo insults or depredations to be committed upon the persons or property of\\nthe inhabitants on any pretext whatever; the civil authorities only \u00e2\u0096\u00a0will take\\ncognizance of the criminals or defaulters belonging to the State, if any there\\nbe.t The merchants and traders are immediately to take out au exact and true\\ninvoice of all goods, wares, and merchandise of every species, dry, wet, or hard,\\nrespectively belonging to them, or in their possession, with the original invoices,\\nto the commissary, who will select such articles as maybe necessary for the army\\nand the public uses of the State, for which a reasonable profit will be allowed\\nno goods or merchandise of any kind whatsoever to be removed, secreted, sold,\\nor disi^osed of until the public and army are first serve*; which will be as soon\\nas possible after the receipt of the invoices, kc.\\nN. B. Orders will be left with Captain Parker for the immediate admission of\\nthe Honorable Executive Coxxncil and the Honorable members of the Legislature,\\nwith their officers aud attendants.\\nA committee of British ofHcers untitled General ^Yayne that they\\nThe slaves were taken from the Georgia plantations.\\nt All of that class took care to get aboard of the British ships, and thus\\nescaped the punishment they richly deserved.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "68\\nHISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nwere prepared to deliver up the keys, aud formally surrendered the\\ntowu. Colonel James Jackson, who had distinguished himself\\nduring the advance of the Americans and in the freqiient skirmishes\\nabout the town, was selected by General Wayne to receive the\\nsurrender. That evening the American troops were i^araded and\\nmarched to the principal gate, where the British officers stood with\\nthe kej-s. Colonel Jackson received them, and Savannah, which\\nfor three years six months and thirteen days had been under\\nBritish rule, was free and in the possession of her own citizens. lu\\nthe evening the British fleet sailed for England.\\nvt/. Mtofl\u00e2\u0080\u009e. .J*. Three weeks after, in pur-\\nsuance of a call bj Governor\\nMartin for a si^ecial session,\\nthe State Legislature met in\\nSavannah, in the house of\\nGeneral Lachlan Mclnto.sh,\\nsituated on the north side of\\nSouth Broad, third door east\\nof Drayton street.\\nSoon after the evacuation\\nall hostilities ceased between\\nthis and the mother country.\\nThe people went to work to\\nrepair the ravages of war. In Savannah the work was difficult\\nmore so than elsewhere; the stringent rules of the British had\\nprevented the citizens who remained in town from conducting\\nbusiness, and at the close of the war three fourths of the business\\nhouses were owned and controlled by others than natives of the\\ntown or of the United States persons that were not trusted and\\nwho threw every obstacle in the way of all new business enter-\\nprises. Indomitable energj^ at last, conquered; old firms were\\nre-established, new ones organized, and a brisk trade was com-\\nme;iced with the neighboring ports. The public and private build-\\nings were repaired, the streets and squares cleared of the deh is of\\nwar, and the town assumed the beautiful and cleanly appearance it\\npossessed in the good old colony times.\\nOn May 1st, 1786, the Chatham Artillery was organized, and on\\nthe 20th of June following was called upon to pay the soldier s\\ntribute to the memory of Major-General Nathaniel Greene. This\\nofficer won iindying f;\\\\me in the Southern campaigns, and as\\na mark of appreciation of his services the Georgia Legislature\\nBESIDEN t\\n]MIiVL LVCrfLiN M INTO H.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "VISIT OF GENERAL WASHINGTON.\\n69\\ngranted him a large tract of laud near Savauuali. He settled iipon\\nthis tract in 1783, and frequently visited town. On the 12th and\\n13th days of Jnue, 1786, he was in Savannah and returned home\\non the 14th, on which day he was stricken down by an attack of\\ncoup (le soliel, and died on the 19th. His remains were broiight\\nto Savannah the next day and interred with military honors in the\\nold burying-gi ound on South Broad street. The procession, civic\\nand military, was formed on the Bay and escorted the remains.\\nThe Chatham Artillery was in front firing minute-giins and advanc-\\ning, and also fired a salute of thirteen guns at the grave.\\nThe first bale of cotton exported from Georgia was shipped from\\nSavannah in 1788 by Thomas Miller. Mr. Miller was for a long\\ntime the only purchaser of cotton in Savannah. He boiaght it in\\nparcels of from twentj -tive to one hundred pounds, and assorted\\nand packed it with his own hands. His exchisive and earnest\\nattention to this branch of business earned for him the sobriquet,\\nCotton Miller.\\nSavannah was made a city by act of legislature in December,\\n1789, and the following year the first Mayor, John Hoiistou, was\\nelected.\\nMay of the year after was made memorable bj the visit of\\nWashington to Savannah. The Georgia Gazette of the 19th devotes\\nits entire sj^ace to an account of the visit, and says the President,\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0with his committee, his Secretary, Majors Jackson and Butler, Gen.\\nWayne, and Mr. Baillie embarked at Purysbm-gh between ten and\\neleven o clock on the 12th of May, and were rowed down the river\\nby nine American captains, viz Captains Putnam, Coiu tier, Rice,\\nFisher, Huntingdon, Kershaw, Swain, Mclntire, and Morrison, who\\nwere dressed in light blue silk jackets, black satin breeches, white\\nsilk stockings, and round hats with black ribbons, bearing the\\nwords LONG LIVE THE PRESIDENT in letters of gold. Ten miles\\nabove the city the President and his escort were met by a large\\nnumber of gentlemen in boats, and as the President passed by them\\na band played the celebrated song He comes, the Hero comes,\\naccompanied with several voices. On his approach to the city the\\nconcourse on the bluft and the crowds which had pressed into\\nthe vessels evinced the general joy which had been inspired by the\\nvisit of this most beloved of men and the ardent desire of all ranks\\nThe vault in which the remains were placed was not designated at the time\\nof interment. search was made for them in 1820, but they could not be found-", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "jj) HISTORICAL ItECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nan-1 conditions of peox^le to be gratilied at his presence. He was\\nreceived at the hxndiug by General Jackson and Colonel Gunn,\\nwho introduced him to the Mayor and Aldermen. A procession\\n\\\\vas then formed and the guests were escorted to the quarters\\nprovided for them on St. James square. At six o clock the I*i esi-\\ndent and suite dined at Brown s coffee-hoirse, on the site now\\noccupied by Stoddard s lower range, at which were present the\\nMayor of the citj President of the Cincinnati,* the Judges of the\\nSuperior courts of the State and Inferior courts of tho ecvaiity,\\nclergy, member.s of the legislature, members of the Oineiunati,\\ntield officers of the militia, president of the Union society, and the\\nllecorder and Treasurer of the city. The city was illuminated at\\nnight. Alderman Scheuber s house was brilliantly illuminated,\\nshewing no less than three hundred lights, arran-red in a beautiful\\nsymmetry, with fifteen lights contained in the form of a W in\\nfront.\\nOn the 13th the President partook of a dinner tendered by the\\nSociety of the Cincinnati. A ball was given in the long room of\\nthe lilatnre at night. At half-past eight o clock the President\\nhonored the company with his presence, and was personally intro-\\nduced by one of the managers to ninety-six ladies, who were\\nelegantly dressed, some of whom displayed iutinite taste in the\\nemblems and devices on their sashes and head-dresses, out of\\nrespect to the hajipy occasion. After a few minuets were moved\\nand one country dance led down, the President and his suite\\nretired, about eleven o clock. At two o clock the supper-room was\\nopened and the ladies partook of a repast, after which dancing\\ncontinued until three o clock.\\nOn Saturday the President visited the old fortilieations, and after-\\nward partook of a dinner under an arbor with over tAvo hundred\\ncitizens. The Chatham Artillery fired a gun between each toast\\noffered, the last one of which, proposed by Washington, was\\nThe present dexterous corps of artillery. In the evening there\\nwas a handsome exhibition of fircM orks, and the amusements\\nof this day of joy and festivity were crowned with a concert.\\nThe Cincinnati society was composecl of officers of tlie American army.\\nt The President, soon after bis visit, sent two brass six pounders as a present\\nto the Chatham Artillery. These were iised by the company until the late wai\\nThe freqncnt salntes fired by the battery rendered them unser\\\\ iceable, and\\nduring the war they were buried. Tliey will in time be exhumed and mingle\\ntheir brazen voices itpon oecaf-ions of joy wliich will mark the future liistory\\nof Savannah.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "WASHINGTON S DKSCKIPTIOX OF SAVANNAH. J I\\nOil yniiclay morniug the President attended divine service iu\\nChrist church and soon after set out on his waj to Augusta. On\\ntaking his leave of the Slayer and committee of the citizens he\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00e2\u0096\u00a0politely expressed his sense of the attention shewn him by the\\ncorporation and every denomination of people during his stay in\\nSavannah.\\nThe account in the Gazette concludes with copies of the addresses\\npresented to him and his replies to them. The committee, General\\nLachlan Mcintosh, Colonels Noble Wimberly Jones and Joseph\\nHabersham, and Messrs. John Houston and Joseph Clay, that met\\nhim at Purysburgh, T. H. Gibbons (Mayor), in behalf of himself\\nand aldermen, George Houston, Masonic Grand Master of the State\\nof Georgia, and General Anthony Wayne, president of the Cincin-\\nnati society, presented him with an address each. In re^jly to that\\nof the committee, he concludes: That the city of Savannah\\nmay laigelj- partake of every public benefit which our free and\\nequal government can dispense, and that the happiness of its\\nvicinity may reply to the best wishes of its inhabitants, is my\\nsincere prayer.\\nWashington kept a diary* during his trip. The following is\\nhis account verhnlim et Utendem of his reception in Savannah and\\nhis opinion of the city:\\nAt that place (Purysburgh; 12th of May) I was met by Messrs Jones, Col.\\nHabersham, Mr. John Hou.stou, Geul. Mclutosh and Mr. Clay, a comee. from the\\ncity of Savauua to conduct me thither. Boats were also ordered there by them\\nfor my accommodation, amou which a handsome 8 oared barge rowed by 8\\nAmerican Captns. attended. In my way doxN-n the River I called upon Blrs.\\nGreen, the widow of the deceased Genl. Green (at a place called Mulberry Grove)\\nasked her how she did. .\\\\t this place (2 miles fi-om Purysburgh) my horses and\\nCarriages were landed, and had 12 miles farther by Land to Savanna. The wind\\nand tide being both agst. us, it was G o clock before we reached the City, where\\nwere received under every demonstration that coiild be given of Joy respect.\\nWe were Seven hoTirs making the passage which is often performed iu 4 tho the\\ncomputed distance is 2-5 miles lUums. at night.\\nI was conducted by the Jlayor Wardens to very good lodging which had\\nbeen provided for the occasion, and partook of a public dinner given by the\\nCitizens at the Coft ee Room. .\\\\t Purisburgh I parted with Gen. Moultree.\\nFriday, 1.3th\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Dined with the Members of the Cincinnati at a public dinner\\ngiven at the same place\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and in the evening went to a dancing Assembly\\nat which there was about 100 well dressed handsome ladies.\\nSaturday 14th. A little after 6 o clock, in Company with Genl. Mcintosh, Genl\\nMr. Benson J. Lossing has recently published his diaries iu book form,\\nentitled Wn9hington Private Diaries, from which this account is taken.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "y2 HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nAVayne, the Mayor, ami many others (principal Gentlemen of the City) I visited\\nthe City, and the attack and defence of it in the year 1779, under the combined\\nforces of France and the United States, commanded by Count de Estaing\\nGen. Lincoln. To form an opiuioa of the attack at this distance of time, and\\nthe change which has taken place in the appearance of the ground by the\\ncutting away of the woods, \u00c2\u00abS;c. is hardly to be done with Justice to the subject;\\nespecially as there is remaining scarcely any of the defences.\\nDined to day with a number of the Citizens (not less than 200) in an elegant\\nbower erected for the occasion on the Bank of the River below the Town. In\\nthe evening there was a tolerable good display of fireworks.\\nSunday loth After morning service, and receiving a number of visits from\\nthe most respectable ladies of the place (as was the case yesterday) I set out for\\nAugusta, Escorted beyd. the limits of the City by most of the Gentlemen in it,\\nand dining at Mulberry Grove the seat of Mrs. Green lodged at one Spencei-s\\ndistant 15 miles.\\nSavanna stands upon what may be called high ground for this Country It is\\nextremely sandy wch. makes the walking very disagreeable; and the houses\\nvery uncomfortable in warm and windy weather, as they are filled with dust\\nwhenever these happen. The Town on 3 sides is surrounded with cultivated\\nRice fields which have a rich and luxuriant appearance. On the Ith or backside\\nit is a fine sand. The harbour is said to be very good often filled with square\\nrigged vessels, but there is a bar below over which not more than 12 water\\ncan be brot. except at sprg tides. The tide does not flow above 12 or 14 miles\\nabove the City though the river is swelled by it more than double tliat distance.\\nRice and Tobacco (the last of wch, is greatly increasing) are the iirincipa!\\nExports. Lumber and Indigo are also Exjiorted, but the latter is on the decline,\\nand it is supposed by Hcmi) and Cotton. Ship timber, viz live oak cedar,\\nis (and may be more so) valuable in the exptn.\\nAt the time of Washington s visit there were no houses beyond\\nSouth Broad street, and only five itpon that street, all being on the\\nnorth side. The city limits on the east was Lincoln street, and on\\nthe west Jefferson street, althoitgh there were a number of houses\\nwest of the latter-named street. Of the five houses then stand-\\ning on South Broad street foiiv remain, viz: Eppinger s house,\\non the northeast corner of Jefi erson street, now occupied by Mr. S.\\nDavis; the old frame house between Barnard and Jefferson; the\\nframe house at the northeast corner of Whitaker; and the old\\nbrick house the third door east of Drayton street, now occupied by\\nThere is a record showing that Eppinger built this house previous to the\\nyear 1747. He used it as a public house, and at his death his son occupied it as\\na residence, and opened a public house in the old brick house on South Broad\\nstreet the oldest brick house in Savannah. The room in which the State\\nlegislature met previous to the removal of the capitol of the Sfcite to Augusta\\nwas known as Eppinger s Long Room, in which balls and public meetings\\nwere held during the week and religious services on Sunday.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "TERRIFIC GALE I\\\\ ISOl. 173\\nMr. Johu B. Eobiuson; the fifth house stood where a brick house\\nhas just been completed, between Drayton and Abercorn streets.\\nThe fine and flourishing prospects of this rapidly growing com-\\nmercial city, which had just fully emerged from the ruinous eff ects\\nof the late war, were totally suspended by a destructive fire on the\\n26th of November, 1798, which destroyed two hundred and twenty-\\nnine buildings, exclusive of out-houses, causing a loss of more\\nthan a million of dollars. It broke out in a bake-shop near the\\nmarket and swept in every direction some families ha\\\\ ing to\\nmove their furniture seven difterent times to avoid the flames.\\nHundreds of families were rendered houseless and hundreds thrown\\noiit of employment. The suffering and distress was great, not-\\nwithstanding the generous donations of money and provisions\\nfrom all parts of the State. The people, with that energy which\\nhas ever characterized them, strove to retrieve their losses, meeting\\nwith that success which always attends well-directed exertion.\\nA censiis of the city was taken in 1798, and it was ascertained\\nthat there were 6,226 inhabitants, 237 of them negroes; 618 dwell-\\ning-houses, 415 kitchens, 228 out-houses, stores, and shops.\\nVice-President Aaron Burr visited the city on the 20th of Maj^\\n1802, coming from Augusta. As he approached he was saluted by\\nthe Chatham Artillery, posted on Spring hill, and was escorted\\ninto Savannah by the Chatham Kaugers and Savannah Volunteer\\nGuards. He remained three or four days but very little attention\\nwas paid him no more than the formal ceremonies his position\\ncalled for. The paper of that day (the Georgia Gazette) devotes\\nonly fifteen lines to an account of the visit, and does not mention\\nhis name.\\nOn the 8th of September, 1801, a storm raged with destnictive\\nfury from 9 a. m. to 10 p. m. None of the inhabitants dared to\\nventure out, excepting those who had to flee to avoid being crushed\\nin the ruins of their own houses. The river rose above the wharves,\\nand covered Hutchinson s island and the rice-plantations around\\nthe city. The Gazette says the people who had been kept in the\\nhouse the day before, their fancies depicting a most woeful scene,\\nfound, the next morning, that busy faucj ever prone to exaggerate,\\nhad formed biit an imperfect pictui e of the dreadful scene of havoc\\nand destruction. A large number of trees in everj part of the\\ncity were blown down, and also several houses, the steeple of\\nthe Presbyterian meeting-house, and part of the walls of the\\nEpiscopal (Christ) church. The wharves from one end cf the", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "74 HISTOPilCAL RECOKD OF SAVANNAH.\\ncity to the other were torn up, and iiianj- storehoiiscs erected at\\nthe foot of the bluff were either totally destroyed or so much torn\\nto pieces as to render valueless everything within them. Every\\nvessel in the harbor was thrown upon the wharves, except such as\\nv.ere toiallj destroyed. In the city several persons were injured by\\nfalling houses and chimneys, and two of Mr. Green s children\\nwere instantly killed. Captain Webb was also killed. Twenty-\\nfour hoiises, including the exchange, the filature, jail, and court-\\nhouse on the bluf} and tweuty-six business houses under the\\nbluft were injured and their stocks of goods swejDt away. Eighteen\\nvessels Avere swept ujion the wharves and there remained when the\\nwater subsided. Over one hundi-ed negroes were drowned on\\nHutchinson s island and on the rice-plantations near the city.\\nThe steeple of the Presbyterian church (then situated where now\\nstands the large brick liveiy stables on the soi;thwest corner of\\nWhitaker and President streets) which M-as nearly as high as the\\npresent steeple of the Independent Presbyterian church, fell in a\\nsouthwesterly direction, crushing in a house and ciTtting off a\\nportion of a bed on which lay a sick man, fortianately not injuring\\nhim. The bell in the steeple A^as found, much to the astonishment\\nof all, unbroken. It was afterward hung in the steeple of the Inde-\\npendent Presbyterian clmrch, and there remained until aboiit 1821,\\nwhen a larger bell was ijresented to the congregation.\\nDuring the war of 1812, between the United States and England.\\nSavannah was not attacked, but its proximity to the sea made it\\nliable to assault by the enemj^ s fleets at almost any hour, and thus\\nthe people were kept constantly upon the alert until peace was\\nrestored in 1815. Fort Wayne was still fortified. Another fort\\nwas erected about two and a half miles below the city and named\\nFort Jackson, after Governor James Jackson. A line of defences\\nwas thrown up, extending from the marsh on the east at the foot\\nof Broughton street to the west side of Lafayette square, where\\nthe residence of Andrew Low now stands, thence diverging to\\nwhat is now Liberty Street lane, thence crossing Bull street to\\nSpring hill, where the Central Eailroad depot is now, thence along\\nthe high ground east of the Ogeechee canal, and terminating at\\nwhat is now the foot of Farm street. The line was very irregu-\\nlar and unusually full of salients and re-entering angles. The\\nold volunteer companies,* Chatham Artillery, Savannah Volunteer\\nThese companies, with all others of the Confederate army, were disbanded\\nby order of the United States, in 1863, liaving participated in the war between\\ntlie Southern and Northern State-.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "OO\\n55\\ncr\\nC3\\nI\\nQ_\\nfioli DD j f Dn DDddDQ\\n_jiailv\\nlite\\nmm^\\\\ i^i. a^.-iv\\ni3axs avoya is3m -Ml\\n5T^-m naPAGQ GD.paflo L J v^^*\\n]ssa?nn [l[]l^^g[igi]J?n[]", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "c ArxuKi: uF thk eperviee.\\n75\\nGxiards, llcpublioaii Blues, autl Georgia Hussars, aud other com-\\npanies which organized for the war, and of which no record can\\nbe found, were constantly on dutj Early in the war half of the\\nmembers of the Savannah Volunteer Guards and the Eepublican\\nBlues were sent on an expedition against St. Augustine, Florida;\\nbut before a,rrangements for the assault were made, Florida was\\npurchased by the United States. The only surviving member\\nof the two Savannah companies that i articipated in this expedition\\nis Mr. Jacob Miller. He and Mr. O. M. Lillibridge are the only\\nliving representatives of this city in that war. Both were members\\nof the Republican Blues the former is seventy-nine and the latter\\neights-two years of age.\\nIn May, ISl-i, the Eper\\\\der, a British brig-of-war, built in 1812,\\ncaiiying eighteen guns, was brought into the river by the United\\nStates sloop-of-war Peacock, Lewis Warrington commander. The\\nEpervier had on board, when captured, one hundred and ten\\nthoixsand dollars in s^ieeie. which were confiscated and distributed\\naccording to law.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "Yg HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nCHAPTER VII.\\nArrival of the Steamship Savaimali Visit of President Monroe Terrible\\nConflagration in 1820 Yellow Fever in the same Year Visit of General\\nLafayette Departure of the Irish Jasper Greens for Mexico Visit of\\nPresident Filmore Yellow Fever in 1S5J- Terrible Gale the same Year\\nThe Secession Movement Hoisting of the Secession Flag Election of\\nDelegates to the State Convention Seizure of Fort Pulaski, Fort Jackson,\\nand Oglethorpe Barracks Reassembling of the State Convention Sa-\\nluting the Flag of the Confederate States Departure of the Oglethorpe\\nLight Infantry for Virginia Burial of General Bartow\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Placing Obstruc-\\ntions in the river Arrival of General Robert E. Lee Reduction of Fort\\nPulaski Threatening Demonstrations of the Enemy Resolution of Coun-\\ncil to Defend the City to the last Extremity General Lawton Ordered to\\nV irginia, and General Mercer placed in command of Savannah Capture\\nof the iron-clad Atlanta by the Federals, and capture of the armed steamer\\nWater Witch by the Confederates Arrival of General Sherman s army in\\nfront of Savannah Storming of Fort McAlister Evacuation of Savan-\\nnah by the Confederate Forces Its Surrender by Members of the Council\\nEntrance of the Federal Troops General Sherman s Order Meeting of\\nthe Citizens A surprise for a Blockader Drowning of Federal Soldiers\\non Hutchinson s Island Intrenchments thrown up by the Federals\\nDestructive Fire and Novel Bombardment The Wives and Children of\\nOflicers of the Confederate Army and Navy sent out of the City.\\nThe first steamship ever built in the United States was projected\\nand owned in this city. It was built North and named Savannah.\\nIn April, 1819, it arrived here from New York, and in a few days\\nafter sailed for Liverpool, accomplishing the voyage in twenty-two\\ndays, the sails being iised only eight days. Vessels i)ropelled by\\nsteam were a rarity in those daj^s, and the idea of steam being\\n\\\\ised in connection with sails, and a vessel of that description\\ncrossing the ocean, had never been thought of in Great Britain.\\nWhen the Savannah arrived off Cape Clear she Avas signalled\\nto Liverpool as a vessel on fire, and a cutter was sent from Cork\\nto her relief Great was the surprise and admiration when she\\nentered the harbor of Liverpool under bare poles, belching forth\\nsmoke and fire, yet uninjm-ed. The return voj age occuined\\ntwenty-five days.\\nJames Monroe, the fifth President of the United States, visited\\nSavannah in May, 1819, and was received with that hospitality\\nfor which Savannah has always been noted.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "VISIT OF GENERAL LAFAYETTE.\\n77\\nOn the 11th of January, 1820, after a lapse of twenty-four years.\\nSavannah again experienced the horrors of a conflagration, far\\nsurpassing in violence and destruction that of 1796. The fire broke\\nout about two o clock a. m. in the livery stable of Mr. Boon, situated\\nnear the market. The wind was high, and before the flames were\\nextinguished four hundred and sixty-three houses, exclusive of\\nout-buildings, were destroyed. With the exception of the State\\nand Planter s banks, the Episcopal church, and three or four other\\nbrick buildings, every house between Broughton and Bay streets,\\nfrom Jeft erson to Abercorn streets, were destroyed. The loss was\\nestimated at four million dollars.\\nThe i^eople had barely recovered from the shock caused by this\\ngreat disaster and commenced to rebuild before pestilence inter-\\nrupted the work and swept many into their graves. On the 5th\\nof September a vessel anived from the West Indies, having the\\nyellow fever on board. A day or two after, several cases were\\nreported in the city. It spread quite rapidly, and before it was\\nchecked, on the 6th of November following, two hundred and\\nthirty-nine persons had been stricken down by it. The number of\\ninhabitants at the time it commenced was 7,52.3. The dread of\\nthe fever caused manj to flee from the city. A census was taken\\nlate in October, when it was ascertained that there were only 1,494\\npersons remaining in the city, and that three hundred and forty-\\nthree houses were uninhabited. The loss of life was mostly con-\\nfined to the foreign population who had come the inter previous.\\nGeneral Lafayette arrived in Savannah fi om Charleston on the\\n18th of March, 1825. His arrival was made the occasion of one\\nof the largest and most imposing civic and militarj disjilays ever\\nbefore witnessed in Savannah. He landed at the east end of the\\nbluff, and was received with the usual salutes and ceremonies. At\\nseven o clock a dinner was served in the Exchange. In the centre\\nwindow, in the rear of General Lafayette and the Mayor, appeared\\na transparency of General Lafayette, over which was a scroll\\ninscribed He Fought for Us. In the opposite window was a\\ntransparency of Washington, with the inscription The Father\\nof his Countrj The centre window in fi ont f)resented an alle-\\ngorical transparency, representing a monument siu-moiinted with\\na bust of Lafayette on one side Liberty, on the other History\\npresenting a tablet inscribed with the dates of the general s arrival\\nin America, his appointment as Major-General, his being wounded\\nat Brandy\\\\\\\\ ine, and of the surrender at Yorktown. During the\\n7*", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "78 HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\ngeneral s stay in Savannah the corner-stone of the monument\\nto General Greene was laid in Johnson square, and one for a\\nmonument to General Pulaski in Chippewa square, with the most\\nimposing ceremonies.\\nIn the year 1846 hostilities between the United States and Mexico\\ncommenced, and a call was made upon Georgia for a regiment\\nof soldiers, to be sent to the seat of war. The regiment was\\npromptlj raised and sent ofi under Colonel Henry JR. Jackson, and\\nshared the honors won by our soldiers on the Mexican plains.\\nThe Irish Jasper Greens, of Savannah, were with the regiment, the\\nfollowing named officers and men composing the company: J.\\nMcMahon, Captain; G. Curie tte, D. O Connor, Lieutenants; John\\nDevaney, M. Carey, P. Martin, Sergeants; Leo Wylly, M. Feery, P.\\nTierney, T. Bourke, Owen Reilly, Corporals; William Bandy, W. D.\\nBurke, P. Bossu, Francis Camfield, J. Chalmers, P. Clark, P. Cody,\\nJohn Coftee, William Coffee, James Conlihan, Elijah Condon, Joseph\\nDavis, Dennis Dermond, Michael Downy, Michael Duggan, Franci^i\\nDutzmer, Charles Farrelly, Thomas Fenton, David Fountain, James\\nFleeting, James FljTin, William P. Fielding, James Feely, P.\\nGerrin, Moses Gleason, O. B. Hall, Michael Hoar, Timothy Howard,\\nK. M. Howard, E. W. Irwin, John Keegiu, Humphrey Leary, W. S.\\nLevi, David Lynch, Michael Lynch, L. Mahoney, Henry Marry,\\nJohn Makin, Bryan Morris, James McFehilly, Hugh Murtagh,\\nHenry Nagle, Daniel Nickels, M. M. Payne, George Perminger,\\nThomas Pigeon, John Eeagan, Francis Reeves, E. Richardson, J.\\nUia^iiwt, B. Rodebuck, R, M. Robertson,, J. D. Rj^an, Thomas\\nRyan, John Sauderlyn, Michael Shea, Peter Suzmel, David Stokes,\\nC. F. E. Smyth, E. L. S. Smith, Patrick Shiels, Patrick Tidings,\\nDaniel F. Fowles, J. W. Warden, James Waters, Michael Weldon,\\nJohn Whaling, James Waters, jr., Jacob Zimmerman, privates;\\nWilliam Gatehouse, George Gatehouse, musicians.\\nOn the 22d of April, 1854, President Filmore, accompanied by the\\nHon. J. P. Kennedy, arrived in Savannah per Central railroad\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0and was received by a large concourse of citizens, the Chatham\\nArtillery firing a salute as the train came in. Quarters were pro-\\nvided for the guests at the Pulaski House. A ball was given at\\nSt. Andrews Hall, a trip made to Fort Pulaski, and everything that\\ncould contribute to the pleasure and comfort of the distinguished\\nguests was cheerfully done during their stay.\\nOn the 12th of August, 1854, yellow fever made its appearance\\namong the residents of Washington ward. In a short time it", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "THE SECESSION MOVEMENT. 79\\nspread through the city, the mortalitj reaching its maximum\\nheight aboiit the l 2th of September, on which day tifty-one inter-\\nments were reported. The decline of the sickness commenced\\nabout the 20th of September, and on the 29th of October only one\\ninterment was reported. The last death by the fever occurred on\\nthe 29th of November. Two thirds of the pei-manent white popu-\\nlation left the city when the fever commenced to spread, leaving\\nsix thousand persons to brave the disease a large mrjority of whom\\nwere sick.\\nOn the 8th of September, and during the prevalence of the fever,\\na severe and destructive storm visited Savannah. Hutchinson\\nand Fig islands were covered with water, and a number of houses\\nwashed away and i)ersons drowned. The light-house on the latter\\nisland was washed away. The timber in Willink s ship-yard was\\nfloated off and the yard injured. Baldwin s cotton-press and the\\nbuildings at A. N. Miller s foundry were unroofed. Nearly all of\\nthe trees on South Broad street were blown dou^l. Most of the\\nshipping in the river was driven upon the wharves and sustained\\nconsiderable damage. The large dry-dock jD arted from her moor-\\nings and floated up the river, but was secured after running afoul\\nof and damaging several vessels. The loss sustained was never\\nfully ascertained, but was very heavy.\\nNever in the history of Savannah had the hand of aftlictiou\\nfallen so lieavilj upon her as during this epidemic season, when\\ndisease wasted the lives and paralyzed the energies of her citizens,\\nand the tempest and tides threatened to complete the general\\ndestruction. During these calamities the active sympathy of the\\nbenevolent everywhere was enlisted, and contributions of money\\nand provisions poured in fi om every quarter. Those who extended\\naid will long be held in gratefiil remembrance by the people of\\nSavannah, who, when in the dispensation of Pro^ddence other\\ncommunities may be overtaken by misfortune, will be as prompt\\nto extend aid as they were thankful to receive it.\\nThe Secession movement of the Southern States in 18G0 met\\nthe hearty approval of the citizens of Savannah, which was the\\nfirst city in the State to move in the glorious cause of resistance\\nto Radical rule. The announcement of the secession of South\\nCarolina, in December of this year, was hailed with delight and\\ncreated the ^^\u00e2\u0096\u00a0ildest enthusiasm. A secession flag, bearing the\\nrepresentation of a large rattlesnake, with the inscription don t\\nTRE.vD ox me. was uufurlcd from the top of the Greene monu-", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "80\\nHISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nrnent, in Johnson sqnare. Patriotic speeches were made, and\\nevery assurance given that the citizens would heartily co-operate\\nwith Soiith Carolina. The old volunteer companies, the Chatham\\nArtillery, Savannah Volunteer Guards, Republican Blues, Georgia\\nHussars, Phasnix Riflemen, Irish Jasper Greens, Oglethol pe Light\\nInfantry, DeKalb Riflemen, and German Vohmteers, promptly\\ntendered their services for any duty that might be required of\\nthem. Their ranks were daily increased by volunteers and numer-\\nous other companies were organized.\\nThe call for a State convention to assemble at once and act upon\\nthe question of secession originated in Savannah, and met with\\nready response throughout the State. On the 2d of Janiiary, 1861,\\nan election for delegates to the convention was held. Captain\\nFrancis S. Bartow, Captain John W. Anderson, and Colonel A. S.\\nJones, nominees of the party favoring immediate secession and\\nseparate State action, were unanimously elected.\\nThe citizens of Savannah, after hearing of the evacuation of\\nFort Moiiltrie and occupation of Fort Sumter by the United States\\nforces under Major Anderson, determined to seize Fort Pulp-ski,\\nbeing convinced that the policy of the United States government\\nwas to provoke a war, and in furtherance of the policy would\\nhold all the forts commanding the harbors of the Southern States.\\nA meeting of the citizens was held in a room in Battersby s\\nbuildings, at the southwest comer of Bay and Drayton streets,\\nat v. hich were present all of the officers and a number of men\\nof the volunteer companies of Savannah. It was determined to\\nseize and occupj -the fort whether sanctioned by the Governor\\nor not, but as a matter of prudence he was notified and his per-\\nmission asked, which was granted. Accordingly, on the third day\\nof January, 1861, Colonel A. R. Lawton marshalled the Savannah\\nVolunteer Guards, Captain (now Colonel) John Screven; the Ogle-\\nthorpe Light Infantry, Captain Francis S. Bartow (afterward pro-\\nmoted to the rank of Brigadier-General, and killed at the battle\\nof Manassas), and two detachments from the Chatham Artillery,\\nCaptain (now Colonel) Joseph S. Claghorn, and proceeded to the-\\nfort and took formftl possession of it in the name of the State of\\nGeorgia the small garrison, under command of an ordnance ser-\\ngeant, making no resistance.\\nThe adoption of the ordinance of secession by the State conven-\\ntion at Milledgeville was hailed v,n.th a delight equal to that mani-\\nfested at the secession of South Carolina. All jH-epared for the", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "BUKIAL OF GENEEAL FRAXCIS S. BARTOW. gj\\nconflict \u00e2\u0096\u00a0fliiich they saw was inevitable. General A. R. Lawton\\nwas placed in command of this department, and under his orders\\nFort Jackson and the Oglethorpe barracks were seized and occiipied\\nby Savannah s soldiers.\\nThe State convention reassembled in Savannah, in the Masonic\\nhall, on the seventh day of March, 1861, and after framing a\\nconstitution for the State adjourned on the 23d of March.\\nThe day after the assembling of the convention the flag of the\\nConfederate States of America was thrown to the breeze from the\\nCustom House stafi^ by Major W. J. Mcintosh. A salute of seven\\nguns one for each State of the Confederacy was fired in honor\\nof the occasion.\\nThe Oglethorpe Light Infantry, Captain Francis S. Bartow,\\nrequested, but did not receive permission, to go to Virginia, and\\ndeparted without it on the 21st of May, being escorted to the cars\\nby the volunteer companies of the city and a large concourse of\\ncitizens, who wished the company God speed, little dreaming that\\nin a few short weeks they would, while rejoicing over a great\\nvictory, be also mourning the loss of its late gallant captain and\\na number of its no less gallant members. But so was it to be.\\nThe telegraph, on the 22d of July, 1861, brought the news of the\\ngreat victory at Manassas, at the same time telling of the deaths of\\nGeneral Francis S. Bartow and a number of his old command,\\nwho had fallen in the thickest of the fray.\\nThe remains of Bartow were brought from the field and forwarded\\nto this city via Charleston, at which place, in honor to his memory,\\nthe public buildings were draped in mourning and the remains\\nescorted through the city by the military and the citizens, the\\nwhole community vieing with one another in showing respect\\nto the fallen brave. The remains arrived in the night of the 27tli\\nof July, and were escorted from the depot to the Exchange by\\nthe Oglethorpe Light Infantry (company B) and detachments from\\nthe other city companies, all under command of Captain F. V/. Sims,\\nthe Chatham Ai tillery firing minute-guns as the escort moved.\\nOn the 28th the funeral of the deceased took place, and was the\\nmost solemn and imposing spectacle ever witnessed in Savannah.\\nAt three o clock p. m. the military escort, consisting of all the\\ncity companies and detachments from the troops stationed in\\nGeneral Bartow s communication regarding tlie refusal of Governor\\nBrown to allow his company to go to Virginia, will be found with the\\nbiographical sketch of the general.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "82\\nHISTORICAL RECOKD OF SAVAXXAH.\\nthe vicinity, formed on the Bay and escorted the remains to Christ\\nchurch, which was thronged in every part with citizens. The\\nfnneral services were conducted by Eight Reverend Stephen Elliott,\\nBishop of Georgia; after which the remains were carried to Laurel\\n(xrove cemetery, where with military honors they were consigned to\\ntheir final resting place. The universal expression of sadness was\\ntruly impressive, and proved how sincerely the entire community\\ndeplored the loss of one who was not less loved in life than\\nhonored in his glorious death.\\nThe bombardment and capture of Port Royal in Novejuber of\\n1861 occasioned intense excitement in Savannah, as it Avas believed\\nthat the large Federal fleet employed there would next attack\\nthe city. While all were sensible of the danger that threatened\\nSavannah, yet they did not despair of being able to successfully\\ncombat it. The paving-stones on the Bay and along the slips\\nwere torn uji and placed on board of vessels, which were towed\\ndow7i the liver and sunk across the channel, and batteries were\\nerected to command the obstructions. All that could be accom-\\nplished was done by General Lawton and the officers and men\\nunder his command.\\nGeneral Robert E. Lee, then comuirinder-in-chief of the Southern\\ncoast defences, arrived in Savannah on the 11th of November, and\\nremained until the February following. He visited all of the\\nfortifications and approved of the measures adopted for the defence\\nof the city. He examined Fort Piilaski and expressed the opinion\\nthat its walls would withstand the heaviest cannon.\\nA portion of the enemy s fleet appeared off Tj bee shortly after\\nthe bombardment of Port Royal, but made no general demonstra-\\ntion, the commander apparently contenting himself bj shelling our\\nbatteries and replying to the compliments sent now and then from\\nCommodore Tatnall s little fleet, j et really preparing for the reduc-\\ntion of Fort Pulaski. This fort, the siege and reduction of which\\nwill ever be a memorable event in the history of the late war,\\nis situated on Cockspur island, fourteen miles from the city, and\\nwas named after Brigadier-General Count Pulaski. The site of the\\nfort was selected by Major Babcock, United States corps of engi-\\nneers, and the work commenced in 1831, under the superintendence\\nof Captain (now Major-General) Mansfield, United States army.\\nThe work was erected to command both channels of the Savannah\\nRifled cannon of large calibre had not been tested then, and tlieir penetra-\\ntive power was of course unknown.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "REnuCXIOX OF FORT PULASKI.\\n8.-\\nliver iit the bead of the Tybee roads. It was sixteen years in\\nbuilding, and its massive walls contained over thirteen million\\nbricks, and cost about a million of dollars. It has five faces,\\nincluding the gorge, and casemated on all sides. The M-alls are\\nseven and a half feet thick, rising twenty-five feet above the water.\\nThe fort called for an armament of one hundred and forty guns,\\none tier in embrasure and oiie en barbette. The gorge is covered\\nby an earthwork it and the main work being surrounded and\\ndivided bj a wide wet-ditch.\\nAs has been stated, the work was taken possession of on the\\n3d of January, 1861. The captors found that only twenty thirty-\\ntwo pounders were mounted; that there were no ordnance nor\\nother stores, and everything generally out of order. But with that\\nspirit which ever characterized the troops of Georgia the new\\ngarrison went to work, and in a short time placed the fort on\\na war-footing, having mounted forty-eight serviceable guns, the\\nheaviest being ten-inch columbiads. When the Federals seized\\nand connnenced to fortify Tybee island early in 1862, the fort was\\nconsidered impregnable to an assault, and as the power of rifled\\nordnance was then unknown, no one ever dreamed that its walls\\ncould be breached. The Federals, under cover of their gunboats,\\nworked day and night erecting batteries. The garrison was also\\nemployed in strengthening the defences of the fort. On the 22d\\nof February, 1862, the enemy succeeded in passing their vessels\\nthrough Wall s cut and entered the Savannah river above the fort,\\nthus cutting it off from all communication with Savannah. Just\\nprevious to this Commodore Tatnall managed with his little fleet,\\nnotwithstanding the formidable resistance made by the Federal\\ngunljoats, to effect a passage of the Savannah river, and threw into\\nthe fort a six months supply of provisions. By the 10th of April\\nthe Federals had erected eleven sand batteries upon Tybee island.\\nThese batteries, distributed along a front of two thousand five\\nhundred and fifty yards, mounted thirty-six hea\\\\ j guns ten heavy\\nrifled cannon among them and a number of mortars. These guns\\nwere well protected. The farthest was three tho^lsand four hun-\\ndred, and the nearest one thousand six hundred and fifty yards\\nfrom the fort. Early on the morning of the tenth Genertil David\\nHunter, commanding the besieging force, sent, under a flag of\\ntruce, an order for the immediate surrender and restoration of\\nFort Pulaski to the authority and possession of the United States,\\nto which Colonel C harles H. Olmstead, commandant of the fort.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "gjj. HISTORICAL EECOrvD OF SAVAIN KAH,\\nafter acknowledging the receipt of tlie order, heroically and laconi-\\ncally replied: I am here to defend the fort, not to surrender it.\\nA few minutes after the return of the flag of truce the enemy\\nopened on the fort from battery Halleck, followed by the other\\nbatteries, viz: Stanton, Grant, Lyon, Lincoln, Burnside, Sherman,\\nScott, Sigel, McClellan, and Totten. They continued firing until\\ndark. The fort replied slowly, the gunners having to aim at the\\npuffs of smoke, there being nothing else to indicate the position of\\nthe hostile guns. At eleven o clock at night the firing was resumed\\nby the enemy, and in the morning it became general. At midday\\nall but two of the casemate guns bearing upon Tybee were dis-\\nmounted, and but two of the barbette guns that could bear upon\\nthe batteries doing the most damage were left; the outer walls of\\ntwo of the casemates were shot away, and two adjoining ones were\\nin a crumbling condition; the moat was bridged over by the ruins\\nof the walls; most of the traverses were riddled, and some. of them\\nno longer serviceable, the range of ofiicers quarters and kitchens\\nwas badly damaged, and the north magazine in hourly danger\\nof explosion. The communications \\\\vere so completely cut off\\nthat there was no ground for even the shadow of a hope of relief,\\nand for the same reason no line of retreat was left. Under these\\ncircumstances Colonel Olmstead rightly considered the fort unten-\\nable, and, believing the lives of his command to be his next care,\\ngave the necessary orders for a surrender having first conferred\\nwith his officers and found them like himself thoroughly impressed\\nwith the conviction of the utter hopelessness of a longer struggle.\\nThe garrison then numbered about three hundred and sixty-five\\nmen and tw^enty-five officers, composed of the following companies:\\nGerman Volunteers, Captain John H. Stegin; Washington Volun-\\nteers, Captain John McMahon; Wise Guards, Captain M. J. Mc-\\nMullen; Oglethorpe Light Infautrj^ (company B), Captain F. W.\\nSims; Montgomery Guards, Captain L. J. Guilmartin. The field\\nand staft officers were: Colonel Charles H. Olmstead, Commandant\\nof Post; Major John Foley; W. H. Hopkins, Adjutant; Kobert\\nEi^win, Quartermaster; Kobert D. Walker, Commissary; T. J. Mc-\\nFarland, Surgeon; Robert H. Lewis, Sergeant-Major; W- C. Craw-\\nford, Quartermasters Sergeant; Harvey Lewis, Ordnance Sergeant;\\nEdward D. Hopkins, Quartermasters Clerk; E. W. Driimmond,\\nCommissary s Clerk.\\nThe members of the garrison were sent to Hilton Head and then\\nto New York, where they were confined until a general exchange", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "THKEATEXIXG DEMONSTKATIOXS OF THE ENEMY.\\n8:\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2,Vii!S eftt Cted. Their conduct during the trying days of the siege,\\nbombardment, and imprisonment was most heroic, and Savannah,\\nof which nearly all are natives, is justly proud of them and their\\ndeeds. Only eighteen members of the garrison were wounded\\nfour seriously, the others slightly although three thousand shot\\nand shell were thrown into the fort. The Federals admitted a loss\\nof several killed and wounded and considerable damage to their\\nguns and works.\\nOn the second day, when the enemy s lire was hottest, the\\nhalyards of the flag of the fort were cut away and the flag fell.\\nLieutenant Christopher Hussey, o{ the Montgomery Guards, and\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2John Latham, of the Washington Volunteers, immediately sprang\\nupon the jmrapet, and seizing the flag carried it to a gun-caii iage\\nat the northeastern angle of the fort, where they rigged a tempo-\\nrary staff, from which the flag proudly floated imtil the surrender.\\nReverend Father P. Whelan was in the fort during the siege, and\\nbj his calmness and cheering words did much to encourage the\\nmembers of the garrison during their severe ordeal. After the\\nsurrender he was offered his liberty, but refused to accept the\\noffer, and underwent all the rigors of imprisonment with those\\nhe loved and to whom he was endeared. This noble old christian\\nhero, after his release, administered to the wants of the sick and\\nwoimded in many localities. He is now in Savannah attending to\\nhis clerical duties as far as his feeble health will permit. May his\\ndays be long on the earth is the earnest prayer of hundreds of\\nsoldiers throiighout the United States, and especially the Catholics\\nof this city and elsewhere.\\nSince the war the fort has been considerably repaired, yet thera\\nstill remain thousands of marks which speak of the ten-ible power\\nof rifled guns. Travelers going out and coming into the Savannah\\nriver can readily observe the battered condition of the walls of\\nFort Pulaski, and now and then catch a glimpse of the sand\\nbatteries, behind which the enemy worked the guns which told\\n.so fearfully upon the fort.\\nThe reduction of Fort Pulaski and the subsequent movements\\nof the Federals confirmed the opinion that Savannah was to be\\nattacked, but the result has shown that they were only feint.s,\\nintended to distract the attention of our authorities and keep a\\nLieutenant Hussey died a few days before General Joseph K. .Jobn.iton\\nHurrender. from the effects of rigorous imprisonment.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "86\\nHISTOEICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nlarge force here while thej prosecuted hostile operatious elsewhere.\\nThe military authorities being couvinced that the city would be\\nattacked, determined to defend it to the last extremity, which\\nd termination met the cordial approval of the citizens, as also\\ndid the adojition of the following preamble and resolutions, offered\\nby Alderman Hiram Roberts at a si)ecial meeting of the City\\nCoixncil held on the 29th of April, 1862:\\nAVhekea^, a communication has been received from the commanding\\nGeneral, stating tliat lie will defend this city to the last extremity, and\\nwliereas, the members of the Council unanimously approve of the determina-\\ntion ot the commanding General, tlierefore be it\\nResolved, That the Council will render all the aid that is in their power to\\nsustain the Genei al and to carry out his laudable determination.\\nIn May, 1862, General Lawton was ordered to report to General\\nLee in Virginia ynih five thousand men, and departed shortly after\\nthe reception of the order. His brigade participated in the many\\nbattles fought by the grand old army of northern Virginia and\\nwas greatly distinguished for its gallant conduct. After the depart-\\nure of General Lawton General Hugh W. Mercer was placed in\\ncommand of this district, and thus remained until Lieutenaut-\\nGeneral W. J. Hardee assumed command in 1864, a short time\\nprior to the evacuation of the city.\\nAbout July, 1863, the ironclad ship Atlanta, on which everj\\neffort and all means at command had been used to render her\\na fonninable vessel, steamed down to Warsaw sotmd to attack the\\nironclad monitors Weehawken and Nahant, which were awaiting\\nher coming. When within a few hundred yards of them she ran\\naground, but was immediately backed off, only to run more firmly\\naground again while sailing toward her opponents. While in this\\nunfortunate condition, unable to extricate herself or bring her guns\\nto bear, the ironclads opened upon her with fifteen-inch guns at\\nshort range. The fire was very effective, and in sixteen minutes\\nafter its commencement the iron armor and wood backing of the\\nAtlanta had been seriously damaged and sixteen men wounded\\namong them, two out of the three pilots. Under these circum-\\nstances her commander, Captain Webb, wisely concluded to sur-\\nrender. The Atlanta was ai-med with four superior rifled guns and\\nmanned with a fine crew and efiicient officers. Her capture was\\ngreatly deplored, as she had been relied upon to protect the harbor\\nfrom the enemy s ironclads, and her loss left the harbor almost\\nunprotected, excepting by obstructions and land batteries. The", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "GENERAL SHERMAN S ARMY IN FRONT OF SAVANNAH.\\n87\\nAtlantcX was formerly the Fingal, which, under the command\\nof Captain Edward C. Anderson, the present Mayor of the city,\\nhad been ran through the blockade of the riyer early in the war,\\nladen with munitions of war and other valuable goods, which were\\nmuch needed by the government.\\nAn offset to the capture of the Atlanta was the boarding and\\ncapture of the Water Witch by Lieutenant Pelot on the night of\\nthe second of Jime, 18G4. The Water Witch formed one of the\\nblockading sqiiadron of the coast of Georgia, and was lying in\\nOssabaw sound. Lieutenant Pelot, with eighty men, embarked in\\nseven barges and arrived near the Water Witch about half-past one\\no clock. A dash for the steamer was immediately made, and after\\nfifteen minutes hand-to-hand conflict (during which, and almost\\nat the moment of victory. Lieutenant Pelot fell, pierced to the\\nheart with a bullet) the crew surrendered. The Confederates lost\\nsix killed and twelve wounded. The enemy s crew, eighty-two in\\nniimber, lost two killed and fifteen wounded, the commander,\\nLieiatenant Prendergast, being among the latter. The captin-e of\\nthe steamer, armed with four heavy guns, eighty i^risoners, and\\nher equipment entire, was the result of this bold enterprise.\\nNothing out of the usual line of i^etty skirmishes, reconnois-\\nsances, and the like, occurred around Savannah until the 11th of\\nDecember, 1864, when Shennan s army arrived in front of the line\\nof defences, his force amounting to sixty thousand infantry, six\\nthousand cavahy, and a full supply of artillery. Along the coast\\nwas a large fleet of ironclads and other war vessels, awaiting the\\nestablishment of communication with the enemy s land force, to\\nco-operate with it in the siege of the city. To oppose this force\\nLieutenant-General William J. Hardee had ten thousand men of all\\narms.\\nThe movements of the enemy were closely watched by General\\nHardee, and everything that human foresight could devise to em-\\nbarrass and repel their advance was accomplished in which eftbrts\\nhe was sustained by Generals Hugh W. Mercer, Henry R. Jackson,\\nW. R. Boggs, J. F. Gilmer, George P. Harrison, Colonel J. G. Clarke,\\nand all of the ofl cers and men under their command. The citizens\\nvolunteered their services, and stood in the trenches ready and\\nwilling to risk their lives in defence of their loved and beautiful\\ncity from the hands of the marauders, whose conduct during their\\nmarch to the sea would have disgi-aced savages.}\\nThe enemy s first object was to establish communication with\\nthe fleet and obtain provisions, of which they stood in sore need.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "88\\nHISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nFort McAllister, wliich was so ably defended in numerous instances\\nby tlie soldiers of Savannah, constituted the right of the outer\\nline of the defences of the city, and was situated on Genesis Point,\\non the right bank of the Great Ogeechee river, and was intended\\nto dispute a passage up the river and to prevent dejiredations\\nin that \\\\dcinity. This fort, a strong earthwork, was the only\\nbarrier in the way of establishing the desired communication, and\\nits capture was determined upon by Sherman. Before relating the\\naccount of its capture it would not be amiss to take a retrospective\\nglance and give a brief history of this work, the defence of which\\nreflected the utmost credit upon the garrison, and will send its\\nname down to history with those of Areola, Malakoff, and Donelson.\\nIt is situated about sixteen miles from Savannah, and was among\\nthe first of the numerous earthworks constracted for the defence of\\nthe city, but was not attacked before the 29th of June 1862. Then\\nfour gunboats tested the strength of the work and the efficiency of\\nits garrison the DeKalb Kiflemen, Captain A. L. Hartridge. The\\nfirst they found to be strong and the latter cool and very accurate\\nin their aim. In this attack two men were wounded. On the 2d\\nof November of the same year the fort was again made a target\\nof by several vessels. Fortunately none of the garrison (the Em-\\nmett rifles, Captain George A. NicoU) were hurt. This attack\\nwas followed by another on the 19th of November, during which\\nthree men of the garrison (the Emmett Rifles and the Eepublicau\\nBlues, Lieutenant Geo. W. Anderson commanding) were wounded.\\nThe 27th of January, 1863, was taken advantage of by the Federals\\nto try the effect of the guns (one fifteen and one eleven-inch)\\nof the ironclad Montauk. The monitor was accompanied by six\\ngunboats, all of which kept up a furious fire, to which the garrison\\nslowly replied. Though the sand of which the work was composed\\nwas knocked about considerablj none of the garrison were injured,\\nnor was the earthwork at all damaged, thiis demonstrating that an\\nearthwork manned by cool and courageous men could not be\\nreduced, no matter what weight of metal was hurled against it.\\nThe garrison had little respite, for on the first of February it had\\nto defend the fort from another attack made by the Montauk and\\nfive gun and mortar boats. The enemy were again repulsed after a\\nsix hours contest, during which Major John B. GuUie* (commandant\\n=1- Major Gallic was a native of Scotland, and was fifty-six years of age\\nwhen killed. He was a gallant soldier and a sincere christian. His loss was\\ndeeply deplored. Previous to the war he was in business in Savannah, a\\npartner of the firm of Wilder Gallie.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "STORMINa OF FORT MlALLKTEE. gg\\nof the fort) was struck on the head and ixistautly killed, and seven\\nothers of the garrison were wonnded. After the death of Major\\nGrallie, which occurred early in the action, the command dev;-lved\\nupon Captain George W. Anderson, who bravely contimred the light\\nwith the result stated. Well deserved was the following compli-\\nmentary order from General Beauregard: The thanks of the\\ncountry are due to this intrepid garrison, who have thus shown\\nwhat brave men may withstand and accomplish, despite apparent\\nodds. Fort McAllister will he inscribed on the flags of all the\\ntroops engaged in the defence of the battery.\\nOn the 28th of February the Kattlesnake (formerly the Nash-\\nville), laden with a large quantity of cotton and rosin, attempted\\nto pass down the Great Ogeechee, in order to run the blockade,\\nbut unfortunately ran aground about a mile below the fort. The\\nguns of the Montauk were immediately brought to bear and soon\\nset the vessel on fire, by which she was completely destroyed.\\nThe guns of the fort were fired at the Montank, with the hope\\nof driving her off, but the distance was too great and no damage\\nwas done. But what the guns fixiled to do was accomplished by a\\ntorpedo, over which the Montauk passed and exploded it during\\nthe attack upon the Eattlesnake. As she did not take any active\\npart in the attack upon the fort a few days afterward, it was\\nbelieved that she was injured, which belief was afterward confirmed\\nby Northern accounts.\\nBut the most formidable attack on the fort was made on the 3d\\nof March, 1863, in comparison to which the others were almost\\ninsignificant. Early on that day four ironclads, five gunboats, and\\ntwo moiiar schooners appeared in front of the fort. From the\\naccount of the affair in the Savannah Republican of the 11th of\\nMarch, 1863, we make the following extracts:\\nAbout a quarter before nine o clock the fort opened on the Passaic with a\\nrifled gun. tlie eight and ten-inch columbiads following suit, to which the\\nMontauk replied, firing her fin^t gun at nine o clock. She was followed by\\nher associates in quick succession. The fire on both sides was continued\\nfor seven hours and a half, during which the enemy fired two hundred and\\nfifty shot and shell at the fort, amounting to about seventy tons of the most\\nformidable missiles ever invented for the destruction of human life.\\nAbout midday the carriage of the eight-inch columbiad was shivered to\\natoms and rendered the gun unserviceable for the remainder of the day. The\\nmain traverse wheel of the forty-two-pounder was shot away, but was replaced\\nin twenty minutes. The new wheel was gotten up by Mr. Carroll Hanson,\\nwho risked his life to secure it. The wheel of a thirty-two pounder, manned\\n8*", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "90 HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nby a detachment of sharpshooters, under the command of Lieutenant Herman,\\nmet with a similar accident, but %va3 worked throughout the engagement.\\nA shot from a forty-two-pounder struck the Tassaic and disabled her, causing\\nher to turn tail and run down the river, followed by the other rams. The fort\\nfired the first and last shot. The enemy s mortar boats kept up a fire all night,\\nand it was evidently their intention to renew the fight the next morning, but\\nfinding that the damage done to the fort the day before had been fully repaired\\nand the garrison fully prepared to resist, declined. Notwithstanding\\nthe heavy fire to which the fort was subjected, only three men were wounded,\\nviz: Thomas W. Rape and W. S. Owens, of the Emmett Rifles, the first on\\nthe knee and the latter in the face; James Mims, of Company D, 1st Georgia\\nBattalion Sharpshooters, had his leg crushed and ankle broken by the fall of\\na piece of timber while remounting a columbiad after the fight.\\nThe night previous to the fight Lieutenant E. A. Ellarbe, of the Hardwick\\nMounted Rifles, Captain J. L. McAllister, with a detachment consisting of\\nSergeant Harmon and privates Proctor, VVyatt, Harper, and Cobb, crossed\\nthe river and dug a rifle-pit within long rifle range of the rams, and awaited\\nthe coming fight. During the hottest part of the engagement an officer, with\\nglass in hand, made his appearance on tlie deck of the Passaic. A Maynard\\nrifle slug soon went whizzing by his ears, which startled and caused him\\nto right-about, when a second slug apparently took eff ect upon his person, a.-*\\nwith both hands he caught hold of the turret for support, and immediately\\nclambered or was dragged into a port-hole. It is believed that the officer was\\nkilled. Tlie display on the Pa.ssaic the day following, and the funeral on\\nOssabaw the Friday following, gave strength to the opinion. As soon as the\\nfatal rifle shot was fired the Passaic turned her guns upon the marsh and\\nliterally raked it with grapeshot. The riflemen, however, succeeded iu chang-\\ning their base in time to avoid the missiles of the enemy. Not one of them\\nwas hurt. Too much credit cannot be bestowed on this daring act of a few\\n3)rave men. Captain George W. Anderson, of the Republican\\nBlues, commanded the fort on this trying occasion, and he and his force\\nreceived, as they deserved, the highest commendations. Captain George A.\\nNicoU, of the Emmett Rifles; Captain J. L. McAllister, Lieutenant VY. D.\\nDixon, and Sergeant T. S. Flood [the latter was sick at the hospital when the\\nattack commenced, but left his bed to take part iu the fight] Corporal Robert\\n.Smith and his squad from the Republican Blues, which worked the rifle-gun;\\nLieutenant Quinu, of the Blues; Sergeant Frazier, Lieutenant Rockwell,\\nand Sergeant Cavanagh; Captain Robert Martin and detachment of his com-\\npany, who successfully worked a mortar-battery; Captain McCrady and\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Captain James McAlpiu; were entitled to and received a large share of the\\nhonors of the day.\\nBrigadier-General Mercer, commanding the district of Georgia,\\nin a general order, complimented the garrison for their heroic\\ndefence, stating that under the lire of the most formidable missiles\\never concentrated upon a single battery the brave gunner.\\nwith the cool, efficient spirit of disciplined soldiers, and with the\\nintrei^id hearts of freemen battling in a just cause, stood undaunted", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "STORMING OF FORT McALLISTEE. 9 J\\nat their posts and proved to the world that the ruost formidable\\nvessels and gnns that moderii iugeuuitj has been able to produce\\nare powerless against an earthwork manned by patriots to whom\\nhonor and liberty are dearer than life.\\nGeneral Beam-egard in his general order stated that he had\\nagain a pleasant duty to discharge to commend to the notice of\\nthe country and the emulation of his officers and men the intrepid\\nconduct of the garrison of Fort McAllister and the skill of the\\nofficers engaged on the 3d of March, 1863. The colors of\\nall troops engaged will be inscribed with Fort McAllister, 3d\\nlarch, 1863.\\nAfter this engagement the fort was considerably strengthened\\nespecially its rear defences and its armament increased by the\\naddition of some heavy and several light guns. The latter were\\nso placed as to aid in repulsing any attempt of the enemy to\\nsurprise the fort from the land side.\\nOn the 11th of December, 1864, General Sherman s army envel-\\noped the western and southern lines of the defences of the city\\nand completely isolated the fort, the garrison then consisting of\\nthe Emmett Piifles, Captain George A. Nicoll, twenty-five men for\\nduty; Clinch Light Battery, Captain W. B. Chnch, fifty men for\\nduty; Companies D and E 1st regiment Georgia Keserves, the first\\ncompany commanded by Captain Henry, twenty-eight men for\\nduty, and the second by Captain Morrison, twenty-seven men for\\nduty. On the 13th of December General Hazen was sent with\\nnine regiments to take the fort.\\nMajor George W. Anderson was in command of the fort at the\\ntime of its capture, and ftirnished a rejiort of the afl:air to Colonel\\nC. C. Jones for publication in his Historical Sketch of the\\nChatham Artillery, from which we extract it:\\nHearing incidentally that the Confederate forces on the Cannouchee had\\nevacuated that position and retired across the Great Ogeechee, and learning\\nthat a large column of the enemy was approaching in the direction of Fort\\nMcAllister, I immediately detached a scouting party, under command of\\nLieutenant T. O Xeal, of Clinch s Light Battery, to watch them and acquaint\\nme with their movements. Tliis was absolutely necessarj as the cavalry pre-\\nviously stationed in Bryan county had been withdrawn and I was thus thrown\\nupon my own resources for all information relating to the strength and\\ndesigns of the enemy.\\nOn the morning of the 12th of December, 1884. I accompanied Lieutenant\\nO Neal on a scout, and found the enemy advancing in force from King s\\nbridge. We were hotly pursued by their cavalry, and had barely time to", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "92 HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nburn thu barns of Jlessrs. Thomas C. Arnold and William Patterson, which\\nwere filled with rice. The steamtug]Columbus lying about three miles above\\nthe fort was also burned. Early the next morning one of my pickets-\\nstationed at the head of the causeway west of the fort was captured by the\\nenemy, to whom he imparted the fact that the causeway was studded with\\ntorpedoes in time to prevent their explosion. He also acquainted them with\\nthe strength of the garrison, and the armament of the fort, and the best\\napproaches to it.\\nAbout eight o clock a. m. desultory firing commenced between the skirmish-\\ners of the enemy and my sharp-shooters. At ten o clock the fight became\\ngeneral, the opposing forces extending from the river entirely around to the\\nmarsh on the east. The day before, the enemy had established a battery of\\nParrot guns on the opposite side of the river distant from the fort a mile and\\na half\u00e2\u0080\u0094 which fired upon us at regular intervals during that day and the\\nensuing night. Receiving from headquartei s neither orders nor responses to\\nmy telegraphic dispatches, I determined, under the circumstances, and notwith-\\nstanding the great disparity of numbers, between the garrison and the attack-\\ning forces, to defend the fort to the last extremity. The guns being en\\nbaj-Mte, the detachments serving them wer2 greatly exposed to the fire of the\\nenemy s sharpshooters. To such an extent was this the case, that in one\\ninstance, out of a detachment of eight men, three were killed and three more\\nwounded. The Federal skirmish line was very heavy, and the fire so close\\nand rapid that it was at times impossible to work our guns. My sharp.shooters\\ndid all in their power, but were entirely too few to suppress this galling fire\\nupon the artillerists. In view of the large force of the enemy consisting of\\nnine regiments, whose aggregate strength was estimated between three thous-\\nsand five hundred and four thousand muskets, and possessing the ability to\\nincrease it at any time should it become necessary and recollecting the\\nfeebleness of the garrison of the fort, numbering one hundred and fifty effec-\\ntive men, it was evident, cut ofl from all support, and with no po.=sible hope\\nof reinforcements from any quarter, that holding the fort was simply a ques-\\ntion of time. There was but one alternative\u00e2\u0080\u0094 death or captivity. Captain\\nThomas S. AVhite, the engineer in charge, had previously felled the trees in\\nthe vicinity of tlie fort, and demolished the mortar magazine which com-\\nmanded the fort to a very considerable extent. For lack of the necessary\\nforce and time, however, the felled timber and the ruins of the adjacent\\nhouses, which had been pulled down, had not been entirely removed. Pro-\\ntected by this cover, the enemy s sharpshooters were enabled to approach\\nquite near, to the great annoyance and injury of the cannoneers. One line\\nof abattis had been constructed by the engineer, and three lines would have\\nbeen completed around the fort, but for the want of time and material.\\nLate in the afternoon the full force of the enemy made a rapid and vigorous\\ncharge upon the works, and, succeeding in forcing their way through the\\nabattis, rushed over the parapet of the fort, carrying it by storm, and, by\\nvirtue of superior numbers, overpowered the garrison, fighting gallantly to\\nthe last. In many instances the Confederates were disarmed by main force.\\nThe fori was never surrendered. It tvas captured hy overwhelming numbers. So\\nsoon as the enemy opened fire upon the fort from the opposite side of the\\nriver, it was evident that two of the magazines were seriously endangered.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "STORMINlT OF FORT MCALLISTER.\\n93\\nand it became necessary to protect tlum from that lire by tlio erection of\\nsuitable traverses. Tlie labor expended in their construction, in tlie mounting\\nof guns on the rear of the work, and in removing the debris above referred to,\\noccupied the garrison constantly, night and day, for nearly forty-eight Lours\\nimmediately preceding the attack. Consequently, at the time of the assault,\\nthe men were greatly fatigued and in bad plight, physically considered, for\\nthe contest. I think it not improper to state here that a short time before the\\napproach of the enemy a member of the torpedo department had, in obedience\\nto orders, placed in front of the fort, and along the direct approaches, a con-\\nsiderable number of sub terra shells, whose explosions killed quite a number\\nof the enemy while passing over them.\\nAfter the capture of the fort. General Sherman in person ordered my\\nengineer with a detail of sixteen men from the garrison then prisoners of\\nwar\u00e2\u0080\u0094 to remove all the torpedoes which had not exploded. This hazardous\\nduty was performed without injury to any one; but it appearing to me to be\\nan unwarrantable and improper treatment of prisoners of war, I have thought\\nit right to refer to it in this report.\\nI am pleased to state that in my endeavors to hold the fort, I was nobly\\nseconded by the great majority of officers and men under my command.\\nMany of them had never been under fire before, and quite a number were\\nvery young, in fact mere boy.s. Where so many acted gallantly, it would be\\ninvidious to discriminate; but I cannot avoid mentioning those who came\\nmore particularly under my notice. I would therefore most respectfully call\\nthe attention of the General commanding to the gallant conduct of Captain\\nClinch, who, when summoned to surrender by a Federal Captain, responded\\nby dealing him a severe blow on the head with his sabre. (Captain Clinch\\nhad previously received two gun-shot wounds in the arm.) luunediately a\\nhand to hand fight ensued. Federal privates came to tlie assistance of their\\noflicer, but the fearless Clinch continued the unequal contest until he fell\\nbleeding from eleven wounds (three sabre wounds, six bayonet wounds, and\\ntwo gun-shot wounds), from which, after severe and protracted suffering, he\\nhas barely recovered. His conduct was so conspicuous, and his cool bravery\\nso much admired, as to elicit the praise of the enemy and even of General\\nSherman himself\\n1st Lieutenant William Schirm fought his guns until the enemy had entered\\nthe fort, and notvrithstanding a wound in the head, gallantly remained at his\\npost, discharging his duties with a coolness and efficiency worthy of all com-\\nmendation.\\nLieutenant O Neal, whom I placed in command of the scouting party before\\nmentioned, while in the discharge of that duty, and in Ids subsequent conduct\\nduring the attack, merited the honor due to a faithful and gallant oflicer.\\nAmong those who nobly fell was the gallant Hazzard, whose zeal and activity\\nwere worthy of all praise. He died as a true soldier to his post, facing over-\\nwhelming odds. Tlie garrison lost seventeen killed and thirty-one wounded.\\nA Federal officer in writing an account of the siege of Savannah\\nand storming of Fort McAllister said:\\nThose were dark days when the marching was over and the army had settled\\ndown in the flooded forests and before the fro^-ning fortifications of Savannah.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "94\\nHISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nNotwithstanding the orders to forage upon the enemy on the way, the thirty\\ndays rations were in parts of the army exhausted when it came to the halt,\\nwhere there was no food except such as the rice-fields afforded. Then for the\\nfirst time the confident cheerfulness of the chief gave place to deep thought and\\nanxious preoccupation. It required sevei al days for the army to establish its\\nposition. By turning aside the waters of the canal which vinited the swift\\neiirrent of the Savannah with its sluggish sister, the Ogeechee, the low swamp-\\nlands were covered neck-deep by the treacherous element; and where the raised\\ncauseways spanned these forest bogs the enemy had girded them about with\\nfort and bastion. Every attempt in these places to push forward our lines met\\nwith the fire of heavy artillery and the blazing sheets of infantry Uame. It was\\nnot the city of Savannah our commander coveted in those days of 1854 so much\\nas bread. Sherman might not with the hapless Queen of France answer the cry\\nfor food \u00e2\u0096\u00a0with Give them bonbons and so he sought for the sea.\\nWeeks before, while the army was yet among the hills of Georgia, some\\nsoldier, while rumaging among a package of letters which he had found in a\\nhouse by the road-side, came upon a scrap of thin brown paper, marked with\\ncurved lines, which to the ordinary eye would have been meaningless but to\\nany intelligent American soldier, who had used pick and shovel, it had interest\\nand significance. The writing on this paper ran something in this way:\\nDear Mother Here I am in a big fort way off on the Ogeechee river. It is\\ncalled Fort JIcAllister, which is the name of a plantation hereabouts. It is a big\\nfort with thirty or forty big guns, which we fire at the Yankee vessels whenever\\nthey come up the river. They have tried it on with ironclads and all that, but\\nwe always beat them oft and are iserfectly safe behind our tall bomb-proofs.\\nYou can t imagine how crooked this river is a snake ^^Tiggliug is a straight line\\ncompared to it. I send you a little drawing which I have made of the bend in\\nthe river and the position of the fort. A strong place it is, and the Yanks never\\ncan take it so long as they knock at the front door. We don t have\\nmuch to eat, and it s right lonely here.\\nThe soldier gave this bit of paper to his captain, and it so came on through\\nGeneral Howard to General Sherman and as he carefully examined it I remem-\\nber hearing some one say: Fort McAllister! I never heard of such a place-\\nbefore. It must be one of the rebel line of sea defences.\\nHazen s troops, the general carrying in his pocket the slip of brown paper\\nwhich many months ago the rebel soldier had sent to his mother way up in\\nGeorgia, halted not at tangled abattis, they did not heed the torpedoes exploding\\nunder their feet, but phinged into the deep ditch, tore away the tough paUsades,\\nmounted to the parapet, and there, then, and within the fort, fought hand to\\nhand with its gallant defenders and when the smoke, i^aiufully lifting itself into\\nthe heavy air of evening, revealed the flag of our Union planted there, we,\\nenvious and impatient lookers-on, knew that victorj- was inscribed all over its\\nbeautiful folds.\\nTo Hazen the capture of Fort McAllister was glory, undying fame. To the\\nCommander-in-chief it meant bread, food, the conquest of Savannah. How\\nswift moved events when the brazen door to the sea was unlocked! And fii st\\nand most important was the feast of hard tack; and a more welcome feast was\\nnever offered to a hungry host since the days the children of Israel found\\nmanna in the wilderness. The destructive torisedoes in the river were released\\nfrom their moorings, and scores of busy, pufling steam-tugs paddled up the", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "EVACUATION OF SAVAKNAH.\\n95\\nstream, loaded with precious freight of bread. There was enough, more than\\nenough, for all. Bread for man and food for beast. Profane fellows, who had\\nwell-nigh forgotten how to pray, now offered up grateful thanks. The soldier in\\nhis rifle-pit heeded not the mud and water, and patted his ration of hard bread\\nwith loving tenderness. As the wagons creaked into camp, groaning mth their\\ncargo of white boxes filled with hard tacli, the eager groups of hungry men\\nsurrounded them with cheers of welcome. The army of refugees, crouching in\\ntheir miserable camps among the bushes, were not forgotten.\\nAfter the fall of Fort McAllister both armies lay comparatively\\nidle, awaiting what was shortly expected to be bloody work. The\\nenemy made numerous feints of storming our works, but hostile\\noperations were mainly confined to petty skirmishes. The enemy,\\nas was admitted after the surrender by a Colonel of their army,\\nattempted to throw shell into the city, no warning of such inten-\\ntion being given. The Colonel stated that his gunners, in a\\nbattery on the west of the city, had their guns double-charged,\\nhoping that the extra load would hurl the shells into the city.\\nOne shell fell near the Central Railroad bridge, and another into\\nthe river one hundred yards above the upper rice-mill. On the\\n19th of December the enemy placed an army corps on the South\\nCarolina shore with a view of cutting off the Confederate army\\nshould they attempt to retreat. All hojje of successfully coping\\nwith the powerful force of the enemy was rightly abandoned by\\nGeneral Hardee, and he conchided to evacuate the city and thus\\nsave his command to the Confederacy. A pontoon bridge was laid\\nacross the river from Anderson s wharf, a few paces west of Bar-\\nnard street, to Hutchinson s island, and another one from thence\\nto the South Carolina shore. Early on the 20th a small force was\\nsent over and dislodged a body of the enemy s trooi^s posted\\nacross a ro.id by which the proposed retreat was to be made. At\\nnight the Confederates were quietly withdrawn from the intrench-\\nments, marched through the city, across the pontoon bridges into\\nSoiath Carolina, and safely escaped up the country. All the artillery\\nand stores that could be removed were carried off. A large num-\\nber of families left during the night in private conveyances, follow-\\ning the retreating troops.\\nThe members of the council were notified by the commander of\\nhis intention to evacuate the city, and a special meeting was called.\\nIt being reported that General Sherman made two demands for the sur-\\nrender of Savannah, we wrote repeatedly to the Confederate officers who\\ncould have correctly informed us in this regard, but received no reply.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Eds.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "j(J HISTOIUCAL RECORD OF SAVANWAH,\\nWhile the troops were leaving the city Dr. E. D. Arnold, Mayor,\\nand Aldermen Henry Brigham, J. F. O Byrne, C. C. Casey, Henry\\nFreeman, Robert Lachlison, Joseph Lippman, J. L. Villalonga, and\\nGeorge W. Wylly met in the Exchange and resolved that the\\nConncil should repair to the outer defences before daylight, to\\nsurrender the city and secure such terms as would ensure protec-\\ntion to the persons and property of the citizens from the soldiers\\nwhose previous conduct filled the minds of all with a lively appre-\\nhension that slaiighter and rapine wovild mark their entrance into\\nthe city. The council dispersed to assemble at the Exchange at a\\nlater hour, where hacks would await to convey the members to the\\nouter works. As they came out of the Exchange a fire was observed\\nin the western part of the city, and, by reqiiest, Messrs. Casey,\\nO Byrne, and Lachlison went to it with a view of taking measiires\\nfor its siippression. The fire was caused by the biirning of a\\nnearly-completed ironclad and a lot of timber near the mouth of\\nthe Ogeechee canal which had been fired by the retreating troops.\\nThe wind was blowing to the west, and after observing that no\\ndanger to the city need be apprehended fi-om the flames these\\ngentlemen returned to the Exchange, where the other members of\\nthe Council had assembled and were in a hack prepared to start.\\nThey stated that other hacks had been provided, but General\\nWheeler s cavaLrj had pressed the horses into service. Mr. O Byrne\\nprocured his horse and buggy and conveyed Mr. Casey to the\\njunction of the Lewisbiirg road with the Augusta road about\\nhalf of a mile beyond the Central Eailroad depot and leaving\\nhim there returned for Mr. Lachlison, who had walked in that\\ndirection. The party in the hack, meanwhile, had come up to Mr.\\nCasey, and taking him uji drove up the Lewisburg road. Mr.\\n0 Bji-ne met Mr. Lachlison, and with him returned to where Mr.\\nCasey had been left, but not finding any of the party there, con-\\ncluded they had gone up the Aiigusta road, and proceeded up it,\\nhoping to overtake them. They advanced but a short distance\\nwhen they heard the report of a gun and a minnie ball whistled\\nbetween them. They halted, and were then ordered by the pickets\\nto turn aroiand (they had unawares passed the enemy s picket and\\nhad not heard the command to halt) and come to them. They did\\nas commanded, and after informing the officer of the picket who\\nthey were, were conducted to Colonel Barnum, to whom they\\nstated the object of their mission. He then conducted them to\\nGeneral John W. Geary. They told him that the city had been", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "ENTRANCE OF THE FEDERAL TROOPS. gy\\nevacuated, and that they, having started with the Maj^or and\\nCouncil to surrender it, but became separated from them, would\\nassume the authority of consummating a surrender. General Geary\\nat first did not believe them, and questioned them very closely.\\nAfter becoming satisfied that they were what they assumed to be,\\nhe consented to receive the surrender. The Aldermen then asked\\nthat the lives and in-oi^erty of the citizens should be respected\\nand the ladies protected from insult. General Geary promptly\\nreplied that the requests shoiild be complied with, and that any\\nsoldier detected iolatiug the orders which would be given to\\nrestrain them should be punished with death. Messrs. Lachlisou\\nand O BjTne then asked that a detachment shoiald be sent to look\\nafter the Mayor and other Aldermen, which was granted. General\\nGeary then put his troops in motion and, with Messrs. O Byrue\\nand Lachlison acting as guides, advanced toward the city. At the\\nCentral Railroad bridge they were met by the Mayor and Aldermen,\\nwho had been overtaken by the detachment sent for them and\\nretiuned with it. They, on being introduced to the General and\\nbeing told of what had been done by Messrs. O Byi-ne and Lachli-\\nson, confirmed their action. The line of march was then taken up\\nto West Broad street, down that to the Bay, and thence to the\\nExchange, in front of which the troops were drawn up. The\\nofficers and the members of the Council j)roceeded to the porch,\\nfrom which General Geary addressed the troops, complimenting\\nthem upon their past deeds and upon the additional honor they\\nhad conferred upon themselves by capturing this beautiful cit j*\\nof the South. During this speech Colonel Barnum observed a\\nsergeant stej) out of the ranks to the store at the corner of Bull\\nand Baj streets now occupied by Messrs. Gazan Bro. enter\\nand come out wearing a fireman s hat. On coming down from the\\nporch he called the sergeant to him, and drawing his sword\\nordered him to hold out the hat, which he did, and the Colonel\\nwith one stroke of his sword cut it in half He then stripped the\\nchevrons from the sergeant s arms and reduced him to the ranks.\\nAfter the speech the troops were dispersed in squads throughout\\nthe city, and notwithstanding the strict orders they had received\\ncommitted mauj depredations; among them the wanton destruc-\\ntion of valuable books and papers in the Exchange and Courthouse\\nbelonging to the city and county. General Geary established his\\nheadquarters in the Central Eailroad bank and his siibordinate\\nofficers in the various unoccupied stores along the Bay. On the", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": ";98 HISTOUICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\n24tli of Deceinbc-r he issued au order regarding the posts and\\nduties of the provost guards, and iustruetiug the civil authorities\\nto resume their official duties.\\nGeneral W. T. Sherman arrived in the city on the 25th, and\\nalter telegraphing President Lincoln that he would present him\\nSavannah as a Christmas gift, promulgated the following order\\nfrom his headquarters at the Green mansion, opposite Oglethorpe\\nBarracks. The order speaks for itself:\\nHeadqtj.veters Militaey Division of the Missis.sippi,\\nlu the Field, Savannah, Georgia, December 20th, 1864. j\\nSpecial Field Oiidees.\\n^o. 143.\\nThe City of Savannah and surrounding coimtrj- will be held as a Military Post\\nand adapted to future miUtary uses, but as it contains a population of some\\n20,000 people who must be provided for, and as other citizens may come, it is\\nproper to lay down certain general principles, that all within its military juris-\\ndiction may understand their relative duties and obligations.\\nI. During War, the Military is superior to Civil authoritj-, and where interests\\nclash, the Civil must give way, yet where there is no conflict, every encourage-\\nment should be given to well-disposed and peaceful inhabitants to resume\\ntheir usual pursuits. Families should be disturbed as little as possible in\\ntheir residences, and tradesmen allowed the free use of their shops, tools, c.\\nChurches, schools, all i^laees of amusement and recreation should be encouraged,\\n.aud streets and roads made perfectly safe to persons in their usual pursuits.\\nPasses should not be exacted within the Une of outer pickets, but if any person\\nshall abuse these privileges by communicating with the enemy, or doing any act\\ni hostility to the Government of the United States, he or she -nail be punished\\nwith the utmost rigor of the law.\\nCommerce with the outer world will be resumed to an extent commensurate\\nwith the wants of the citizens, governed by the restrictions and rules of the\\nTreasury Department.\\nII. The Chief Quartermaster aud Commissary of the Army may give suitable\\nemplojTiient to the people, white or black, or transport them to such points as\\nthey choose, where employment may be had, and may extend temporary relief\\nin the way of provisions and vacant houses to the worthy and needy until such\\ntime as they can help themselves. They will select first, the buildings for the\\nnecessary uses of the army; next a sufficient number of stores to be turned over\\nto the Treasury Agent for trade stores. All vacant store-houses or dweUings,\\nand all buildings belonging to absent rebels, will be construed and used as\\nbelonging to the United States until such times as their titles can be settled by\\nthe Courts of the United States.\\nIII. The Mayor and City Council of Savannah will continue to exercise their\\nfunctions as such, and will, in concert with the Commanding Officer of the Post\\nand the Chief Quartermaster, see that the Fire Companies are kept in organiza-\\ntion, the streets cleaned and lighted, aud keep up a good understanding between\\nthe citizens and soldiers. They will ascei-tain and report to the Chief C. S., as\\nsoon as possible, the names and number of worthy families that need assistance\\nand supiiort.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "A SURPRISE FOR A BLOCKADER.\\n99\\nThe Mayor will forthwith give public notice that the time has come when aU\\nmnst choose their course, viz to remain within our Unes and conduct them-\\nselves as good citizens or depart in peace. He will ascertain the names of all\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0who choose to leave Savannah, and repoi t their names and residences to the\\nChief Quartermaster, that measures may be taken to transport them beyond the\\nlines.\\nIV. Not more than two Newspapers will be pnblished in Savannah, and their\\nEditors and Proprietors will be held to the strictest accountability, and will be\\npimished severely in person and, property for any libellous publication, mis-\\nchievous matter, prcmatiu-e news, exaggerated statements, or any comments\\nwhatever upon the acts of the constituted authorities; they will be held account-\\nable even for such articles though copied from other papers.\\nBy Order of Major-General W. T. Sheeman.\\nL. M. DRAYTON, Aide-de-Camp.\\nA meeting of the citizeiis was lielcl iu the Masonic hall on the\\n28th of December, to take into consideration matters appertain-\\ning to the present and future welfare of the city. Dr. E,. D.\\nArnold presided. The following i^reamble and resolutions were\\nadopted\\nWheeeas, By the fortunes of war and the surrender of the city by the civil\\nauthorities, the city of Savannah passes once more under the authority of the\\nUnited States and whereas, we believe that the interests of the city will be best\\nsubserved and promoted by a full and free expression of onr views in relation to\\nour present condition; we, therefore, the People of Savannah in full meeting\\nassembled do hereby resolve\\nThat we accept the position, and in the language of the President of the\\nUnited States, seek to have peace by laying down our anns and submitting to\\nthe National authority under the Constitution, leaving aU questions which\\nremain to be adjusted by the peaceful means of legislation, conference and\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2votes.\\nResolved, That laying aside all differences, and burying by-gones in the grave\\nof the past, we will use our best endeavors once more to bring back the pros-\\nperity and commerce we once enjoyed.\\nResolved, That we do not put ourselves in the position of a conquered city,\\nasking terms of a conqueror, but we claim the immunities and privileges con-\\ntained in the Proclamation and Message of the President of the United States\\nand in all the legislation of Congress in reference to a people situated as we are,\\nand while we owe on our part a strict obedience to the laws of the United States,\\nwe ask the protection over our persons, lives and property recognized by these\\nlaws.\\nOn the night of the 31st of December the blockade-runner\\nKebecca Hertz, Captain King, ran the blockade (as the crev/^\\nthought, not knowing of the change which had recently taken\\np ace in the government of the city) and dropped anchor opposite\\nI ae gas-house. Daylight revealed the fact that the [stars and", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "100\\nHISTOBICAL RECOED OF SAVANNAH.\\nstripes were fluttering at the points from which a short time before\\nfloated the stars and bars. This somewhat amazed the blockade-\\nrunners, but the situation was taken in at a glance, and Captain\\nKing turned his vessel over to the Quartermaster s Department.\\nShortly after this occurrence Sherman started a corps across\\nour pontoon bridges into South Carolina. While a large number\\nof the soldiers were delayed on Hutchinson s island the river rose\\nvery rapidly. The troops rushed back for the city, but a number of\\nthe men and horses were drowned in attempting to reach the\\nbridge.\\nAmong the first acts of the Federal troops after their arrival in\\nSavannah was the throwing up of intrenchments to resist any\\nattemi)t of the Confederates to recapture the city. They also\\nthrew up intrenchments on the Thunderbolt road, and moiinted\\nguns to bear upon the city. This was intended as a rallying point\\nif they were driven from the other intrenchments. With a heart-\\nlessness for which there is no palliation, not even that of military\\nnecessity, they ran this line of works through the Catholic Ceme-\\ntery, destroying, mutilating, or covering up the monuments and\\ntablets which the hand of affection had placed over the graves of\\nthe loved and lost, and in numerous instances dug up the bones\\nand left them scattered about. It was asserted by the officers,\\nwhen remonstrated with for their inhumanity in desecrating the\\ngraves, that the work was necessary, and would not have been\\ndone had it not been a military necessity. There was no more\\nnecessity for it than there was for the breaking open of the vaults\\nin the Old Burying-ground and at Bonaventure, in search of\\nvaluables which the soldiers supposed were hidden in them.\\nThe shock occasioned by the fall of Savannah was being rapidly\\nrecovered from, under what appeared to be the mild and just\\nadministration of affairs by the military, and all hoped for a speedy\\nrestoration of quiet and prosperity, even though under military\\nrule. But alas these expectations were doomed to meet with\\ndisappointment. The mildness and justness which had character-\\nized the conquerors upon their first arrival were reversed, and a\\nseries of unjust acts and petty persecutions commenced.\\nWhen the city was evacuated there were thirty thousand five\\nhundred bales of upland and a little over eight thousand bales of\\nsea island cotton stored in the warehouses, only one thousand\\nbales of which belonged to the Confederate States government.\\nUnder the pretence that the cotton belonged to the Confederate", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "DESTRUCTIVE FIEE AND NOVEL BOMBARDMENT. ^QJ^\\ngovernment, the United States Quartermasters seized all of it (and\\na large quantity of other property also) and shipped it to New\\nYork, where uplands commanded one doUar and twenty-five cents\\nand sea island three dollars per pound, making the total value of\\nthe cotton seized about twenty-eight millions of dollars. It was\\nstored in New York, where, in the meaning of General Sherman s\\norder, it remained, to be construed and used as belonging\\nto the United States until such times as their titles can be\\nsettled by the Courts of the United States; (i. e., what time\\nhas sho-wn, after the claimants have spent in court and lawyers\\nfees the value of the cotton claimed). Citizens were not allowed\\nto pasa through the streets in their daily pursuits without a pass\\nwhich they had to show at the bidding of every insolent and\\ndrunken officer or soldier who, whether on or off duty, felt dis-\\nposed to exercise the power granted him by the bayonet. No\\none, ladies not excepted, could receive a letter from the postoffice\\nunless he or she had taken the oath. Added to these petty tyran-\\nnies was the unbridled conduct of the negroes and soldiers, which\\nkept the timid in a iDerpetiial state of alarm.\\nWhile thus harassed and depressed the people were called upon\\nto bear another calamity the fire on the night of the 27th of\\nJanuary, 1865 which destroyed over a hundred biaildings, and\\nthreatened the destruction of the entire city. To the usual horrors\\nof an extensive fire was added the dangers of a terrific bombard-\\nment. The fire supposed to have been the work of the soldiers of\\nthe 20th United States Army corps,* and the beginning of an\\norganized attempt to set fire to the city, as during the night fire\\nwas discovered in St. Andi-ews hall, in the Exchange, and at other\\nplaces throughout the city commenced in a stable in the rear of\\nthe old Granite hall (located at the corner of West Broad and\\nZubly streets), which had been used by the Confederate authori-\\nties as an arsenal for fixed ammunition, and in which there were\\nstored thousands of rounds. The fire spread rapidly. Citizens\\nand soldiers crowded to the scene, and under orders of an United\\nStates oflicer, commenced to remove the ammunition and assist in\\nThe soldiers of this corps believed that they would be detailed to remain\\nin Savannah when Sherman s army advanced, which occurred on this night.\\nAnother corps was detailed, and much ill feeling sprung up between the\\ncorps, and it was the belief of the soldiers Of the corps detailed to remain\\nthat the other corps attempted to destroy the city to prevent the necessity of\\ntheir remaining.\\n9*", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "102 HISTORICAL BECORD OP SAVANNAH.\\nworking the engines. Before much of the ammunition had been\\nremoved the fire was communicated to the jiowder, and explosion\\nafter explosion followed in raj^id sviccession, the fragments of shell\\nflying in all directions, killing a negro and wounding two or three\\ncitizens. Pieces of shell were picked up near the Pulaski and also\\nthe Greene monument, and in the j ards of citizens li ving in\\nremote parts of the citj The first explosion scattered the crowd\\nand aroused those asleep, many of whom, before realizing the state\\nof affairs, thought the Confederate troops had made a night attack.\\nDuring this novel bombardment, which put a stop to the working\\nof the engines in the vicinity and allowed the fire full sway, a piece\\nof shell struck the reservoir. A jet of water immediately sprung\\nout, which for novelty and beauty surpassed any fountain, looking\\nin the fiery glare like a sheet of molten silver. Before the flames\\nwere arrested over one hundred houses, situated on West Broad\\nbetween Pine and St. Gaul streets, and a few on Broughton and\\nCongress streets, were destroyed.\\nThe crowning act of oppression was yet to come that of remov-\\ning the families of the officers of the Confederate army and navy\\nout of the city. When all the other deeds of rapine, murder, and\\noppression which have been laid at the door of General Sherman\\nhave been buried in the dust of oblivion, this will remain a\\nreproach and a disgrace to him who, not many years before, when\\na lieutenant at Oglethorpe barracks, was hospitably entertained by\\nj^^ \u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00e2\u0080\u00a2\u00e2\u0080\u00a2elatives of the ladies who, with their children, he now had torn\\nw^ av fru their friends and sent into the Confederate lines, know-\\nin full well that tne^ hiust inevitably suffer from ant and exposure\\nbefore meeting again with their lawful protectors. What occa-\\nsioned this action is not known. Perhaps General Sherman* had\\nread of the British sending ladies from Savannah during the Kevo-\\nlutionary war, and did not desire to be outdone by them in cruelty\\nand oppression. Whatever may have been the occasion, he or his\\nsubordinates never published an order defining his reason?} or notify-\\ning the ladies publicly that they must leave, but sent word privately\\nby staff officers that it was the intention of the commander to\\nremove them, and that they must register their names by a certain\\nIt is stated that Edward M. Stanton, United States Secretary of War,\\nwho came to Savannah shortly after its evacuation, ordered that the wives\\nand children of the Confederate officers should he sent out of the city,\\nagainst which Sherman at first demurred, but afterward consented, and gave\\nthe necessary commands to have the order carried out.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "OFFICERS FAMILIES SENT FROM THE CITY. J()3\\ntime. It appears that all did not register, or at least not as many as\\nBrevet Major-Geueral C. Grover, then in command of Savannah,\\nthought should have done so, and he j^ublished the following order,\\nthe italics appearing in it:\\n[ClKCULAR.]\\nOffice Provost Mar sual, District Savannah,)\\nMarch 28th, 1865.\\nThe wives and families of Confederate officers who have not registered their\\nnames at this office will do so at once.\\nBy order of Brevet Major-General C. Grover, commanding.\\nKOBERT P. YORK,\\nProvost Marshal District Savannah, Ga.\\nOn the 31st of March the ladies and children were placed on\\nboard of the steamer Hudson, to be carried under flag of truce to\\nAugusta. Arriving at Sister s ferry, about sixty-four miles from\\nSavannah, the boat stopped and the captain refused to proceed\\nfurther up the river. General Edward C. Anderson, commanding\\nat that point, had the ladies and children transferred to the shore\\nand transported them to Augusta in w^agons, the only means of\\nconveyance at hand.\\nShortly after this disgraceful affair the armies of Generals Lee and\\nJohnston siirrendered; the loved and honored and saved returned\\nto cheer their old places with their presence; the restrictions upon\\ncommerce and business were gradually removed, a partial civil\\ngovernment restored, and under the blessings of a divine provi-\\ndence peace, prosperity, and j)lenty returned. Four years have\\nnow elapsed since the capture of the city, and Savannah is larger\\nand more prosperous than before the war.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0096\u00a0^DBef TJf. SO.\\nJAMES EDWABD OGLEXHOEPE.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF OGLETHORPE. JQg\\nJAMES EDWAKD OGLETHORPE,\\nTHE FOUNDER OF SAVANNAH, GA.,\\nWas boru iu London on the 21st of December, 1688. At the age\\nof sixteen he was admitted a student of the Corpiis Christi college,\\nbut did not finish his studies the militaiy profession having more\\ncharms for him than literary iDursuits. His first commission was\\nthat of ensign. After the death of Queen Anne he entered into the\\nservice of Prince Eugene. He entered Parliament at the age of\\ntwenty-foiu-, and continued a member thirty-two years. He estab-\\nlished the colony at Savannah in 1733. In 1743 he left for England\\nto answer some charges preferred against him by Lieutenant-\\nColonel Cook for alleged mismanagement during the war with the\\nSpaniards. A court-martial declared the charges groundless and\\nmalicious, and Cook was dismissed from service. In 1744 Ogle-\\nthorpe was appointed one of the field officers under Field Marshal\\nthe Earl of Stair, to oppose the expected invasion of the French.\\nWell might a cotemporaneous writer of him say that he doubts\\nwhether the histories of Greece or Eome can produce a greater\\ninstance of public spirit than this. To see a gentleman of his rank\\nand fortune visiting a distant and uncultivated land, with no other\\nsociety but the unfortunate whom he goes to assist, exposing him-\\nself freely to the same hardships to which they are subjected, iu\\nthe prime of life, instead of j)ursuing his pleasures or ambition,\\non an improved and weU-concerted plan from which his country\\nmust reap the iDrofits; at his own expense, and without a view or\\neven a possibility of receiving any private advantage from it this,\\ntoo, after having done and expended for what many generous men\\nwould think sufficient to have done to see this, I say, must give\\nevery one who has approved and contributed to the undertaking\\nthe highest satisfaction; must convince the world of the disin-\\nterested zeal with which the settlement is to be made and entitle\\nhim to the highest honor he can gain the perpetual love and\\napplause of mankind. He died in England on the 1st of July,\\n1785.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "lOQ HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nCHAPTER YIII.\\nBiographical Sketch of General Francis S. Bartow Brief Historical Records\\nof the Volunteer Companies of Savannah: Chatham Artillery Georgia\\nHussars (companies A and B) Savannah Volunteer Guards (companies\\nA, B, and C) Republican Blues Tlioenix Riflemen (companies A, B, and\\nC) Irish Jasper Greens (companies A and B) German Volunteers\\nOglethorpe Light Infantry (companies A and B) Irish Volunteers (com-\\npanies A and B) Washington Volunteers Blue Cap Cavalry City\\nLight Guard Savannah Cadets Montgomery Guards Mitchell Volun-\\nteer Guards DeKalb Eiflemen Emmett Ritics Oglethorpe Siege Ar-\\ntillery Tatnall Guards Coast Rifles.\\nIt is meet that the record of the officers and soldiers of Savannah,\\nwhose deeds on the many battle-fields of the South illustrated the\\nprowess of Southern chivahy, should commence with a biographical\\nsketch of the life of General Francis S. Bartow, whose heroic and\\nlamented death upon the plains of Manassas caUed for and received\\nthe admiration and encomiums of both friends and foes.\\nFrancis S. Bartow, son of Theodosius Bartow, was born in\\nSavannah on the 6th of September, 1816. He graduated at Franli-\\nlin college, at Athens, Ga., in 1835, with the highest honors of his\\nclass. He then became a student in the law office of Messrs.\\nBerrien Law, of Savannah, and afterward attended the Law\\nschool at New Haven, Conn. Here he comj)leted his studies, and\\nshortly afterward was admitted to the bar and became a member of\\nthe well-kno ^Ti law firm of Law, Bartow Lovell, of Savannah.\\nHis first forensic effort was in a great bank case, in which he\\ngreatly distinguished himself by the logical force and clearness of\\nhis argument and the power of his eloquence.\\nHis political career commenced with the celebrated Harrison\\ncampaign in 1840, in which he took an active and influential part\\nin the support of General Harrison, the Whig candidate for Presi-\\ndent. He was afterward elected to the State Senate, and served\\nseveral times in the House of Eepresentatives. During the later\\npolitical contests he was not coimected with j)olitical life. In 1860,\\nwhen the impending storm produced the commotion in the jjolitical\\natmosphere, teUing of the approaching revolution, his clear-seeing\\nintellect convinced him that it must be resisted or his State would\\nbe crushed, and with that boldness and earnestness characteristic", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCH OF GENERAL BAKTOW. l^rj\\nof him lie placed himself in the very A-augiiard. and there remained\\nuntil he consecrated his devotion to the new-born Confederacy by a\\ngenerous outpouring of his life-blood.\\nHe was the unanimous choice of the people of Chatham county\\nto represent them in the State convention, which carried Georgia\\nout of the Union, and among that body of able and patriotic men\\nnone more than he contributed to place his native State in the\\nnoble attitude of resistance to Federal thraldom. He was selected\\nby the convention to represent the State in the Confederate Con-\\ngress, which met in Montgomery, Alabama, and chosen chairman\\nof the Military committee. While there, when differences of\\nopinion arose regarding the course of action necessaiy to keep\\npace with the rapid march of mighty events, he boldly stood\\nforward for firm and immediate action bold and iindaunted when\\nthe time came for him to act modest and retiring under all other\\ncircumstances.\\nDuring the session of Congress he announced his intention to\\ngo to Virginia with his company, the Oglethori^e Light Infiintry, of\\nwhich he had been elected captain in 1857. He offered the com-\\nl^any s services for the war to the President through Governor\\nBrown, who refused to give his permission for them to leave, and\\nBartow then offered its services directly to the President, who\\naccepted them. He returned to Savannah, and on the 21st of\\nMay, 1861, with his company, departed for the seat of war. His\\ndeparture was made the occasion of a most scunrilous attack from\\nCtovemor Brown (which was published in the papers throughout\\nthe State), charging him with disobedience of orders, with unlaw-\\nfully carrying off the muskets belonging to the State, and of\\nunpatriotic motives. Bartow s reply (published in the Savannah\\nMorning News), was made in the following frank, manly, and digni-\\nfied manner, triumphantly vindicating his motives and conduct:\\nCamp Defiance, Harper s Feret,\\nJune 14th, 1861.\\nTo Governor Joseph E. Bhown:\\nSir I received your letter of the 21st of May ult., while at Richmond.\\nSince the date of its reception I have been so constantly engaged in the duties\\nof the service I have undertaken that I have found no time which could be\\ndevoted to an acknowledgment of your communication. I now write amidst\\ntlie liurry and confusion of the camp, being about to march from this point,\\nwe trust, to meet the enemy.\\nI have little time and less inclination to reply in detail to the insolent\\nmissive you thought proper to publish in my absence. Respect, however, for\\ntlie good opinion of the people of Georgia induces me in a few words to set", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "108\\nHISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH,\\nright my conduct, which you have taken so much pains to asperse, and to\\ncorrect the mis-statements and false imputations with wliich your letter\\nabounds.\\nYou say tliat I have commenced my military career by setting at defiance\\nthe orders of the officer upon whom the Constitution of my State has coa-\\nlerred the riglit to command me. I am not aware that you have any sucli\\nright, unless I were actually enlisted in the service of the State of Georgia,\\nin a contingency whicli, under the Constitution, would give the State the\\nright to raise and maintain troops.\\nI commenced my military career, as you are pleased to term it, under the\\nflag of the Confederate States, and I recognize not you, hut the President of the\\nConfederate States as the officer upon whom the Constitution (to which Georgia\\nis a party) has conferred the right to command me. It is true that I\\ntendered, under instructions from my company, their services to tlie Con-\\nfederate States through you, in the first instance; this, however, was simply\\nbecause the President had adopted that mode of obtaining troops as a matter\\nof public convenience and not hccaicse there ever was any Constitution or law\\nwhich required him to appeal to the State Executives still less is thei e any\\nground for your assertion that the rights of the States are violated by the\\nPresident receiving troops directly, without the intervention of the Governors.\\nYou labor, and have constantly labored, under the impression that you are\\nthe State of Geoegia. I beg leave to protest against this conclusion, in\\nwhich I assure you I can never concur. By the Constitution of the Con-\\nfederate States, to which Georgia has agreed, the Confederate Government is\\nalone chargeable with questions of peace and war, and has the exclusive\\nright, except in case of invasion, to raise and maintain armies. The Con-\\ngress, and not tlie Governors of the States, are empowered to raise these\\narmies: and as the constitution is broad and unqualified in this grant of\\npower, tlie Congress is unrestricted in the mode in which it shall be exer-\\ncised. Tlie President of tlie Confederate States is the Commander-in-chief\\nof these armies, thus raised for a common cause, and the Governors of States\\nliave not, so far as I am aware, any jurisdiction or power over tliis subject,\\nexcept so far as patriotism may induce them to co-operate with tlie General\\nGovernment in times of great emergency and danger. Your conclusion, there-\\nfore, that the act of Congress under which I go is a palpable encroachment\\nupon the rights of States does not in the least disturb me. Neither upon\\nreason nor authority do I consider the opinion of much value. I think most\\npeople will prefer tlie judgment of tlie Confederate Congress and the Presi-\\ndent of the Confederate States, who gave the act tlieir deliberate sanction.\\nYou have fallen into another error upon this subject. You say that I\\nproceeded to the Confederate Congress, of which I am a member, and, that a\\nbill was passed, you suppose chiefly by my influence, which authorized the\\nPresident to receive military forces over the head and independent of State\\nauthority. You further say that under this act I was accepted into service\\nwithout your consent and permitted to leave Savannali and go to Virginia.\\nI assure you, in passing, that I shall never think it necessary to obtain your\\nconsent to enter tlie service of my country. God forbid that I should ever\\nfall so low.\\nBut to your charge. I know not to what act you refer as the one under", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "BIOGK.U HICAL SKETCH OF GENERAL BARTOW. JQQ\\nwhich I was accepted into service; but I will inform you that the act under\\nwhich I serve is entitled An act to raise additional forces to serve durint; the\\nwar. This act, to the best of my remembrance, contains no allusion to State\\nauthority, nor does it allude in any part to the Governors of States. It is\\nsimply an act authorizing the President to accept the services of volunteers\\nfor the war, and to appoint their field ofRcers, and in these two respects alone,\\nit differs from other acts under which volunteers have been accepted. This\\nbill was introduced into Congress by the Hon. Mr. Wigfall, of Texas, without\\nany consultation with me, referred to the Military committee, of which I was\\nchairman, perfected by it and passed by the Congress. It met the approval of\\nthe most distinguished leaders of the States Eights school in the Congress, and\\nwas regarded by Congress as the best means to raise an efficient army, so abso-\\nlutely required by the wicked invasion set on foot by the North. Mr. Wright,\\nof Georgia, introduced a bill which does authorize the Tresident, without call-\\ning upon the Governors of the States, to accept the services of volunteers at\\nthe times he may prescribe but with this bill I had no connection, nor am I in\\nservice under its terms, nor had I any agency in procuring its introduction or\\nenactment.\\nYou go on to say that I must be presumed to be the leading spirit in isro-\\ncuring the passage of this bill, and that I was the first to avail myself of its\\nbenefits by accepting a high command under it. You i-emark that it is\\nsaid I am to have a colonel s commission. Now, sir, the facts are, that\\nunder the former bill, by which twelve months volunteers were raised for the\\nwar, the President had as much power to accept them directly as he had\\nunder this act, lor the war and it is a mere matter of discretion with him\\nunder both acts whether he will or will not use the intervention of State\\nExecutives; and yet, while stepping out of the way to stab me in the back,\\nyou seem criminally ignorant of what you ought to know.\\nYou have also insinuated in this charge and elsewhere in your letter, that I\\nhave been misled by motives of personal ambition. The attribution of low\\nmotives of conduct to others is most frequently the result of long familiaritj\\nwith such principles of action. It is dangerous for any man to attribute\\nmotives, lest he fall under the condemnation of bearing false witness against\\nhis neighbor. In relation to myself I desire to say but little. I prefer to be\\njudged by my actions. It is not true that I availed myself of the benefits\\nof the act of Congress to which you refer by seeking a high command\\nunder it. I offered service and was accepted as captain of my company, with-\\nout any pledge or understanding, directly or indirectly, that I was to have\\nany other commission. My present office of Colonel of this regiment has\\nbeen conferred upon me through the voluntary confidence of the President,\\nand through the wish, as I have reason to believe, of every officer and private\\nunder my command. I have desired no office, prefering, for many reasons, to\\nremain at the head of my company, between which and myself there has\\nexisted a deep-seated attachment, and it was only by their consent that I\\nagreed to command tlio regiment. Jly rea.=ons for entering the service are\\nvery simple. I had labored as much as any man in Georgia to effect the\\nsecession of the State; I had pledged myself to meet all the consequences of\\nsecession. 1 am bound, therefore, in honor, and still more strongly by duty,\\nto be among the foremost in accepting tlie bloody consequences which seem to\\n10", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "110\\nHISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVAN^ AH.\\nthreaten u?. Uy life can bo as well spared as any other mau and I am\\nwilling and ready to devote it. You taunt me with deserting my home and\\nthe defence of my fireside to serve the common cause in a more pleasant\\nsummer climate. I wish you were here to witness the realities of this service\\ny^u deem so pleasant. It would cure you, I think, of some of your malicious\\npropensities. You taunt me with having imposed upon others the duty of\\ndefending the po.-it which I have deserted, and yet when you penned this you\\nknew that you had steadily refused to call the volunteer troops of Savannah\\ninto service of any kind, and that you had called many of our bravest young\\nmen from other parts of the State to fill our places and defend our homes,\\nwhile we were permitted to rest in inglorious ease. Tlic volunteer troops of\\nSavannah are now in service, not through you, but by the direct order of the\\nCommander-in-chief of the Confederate forces. All that you say upon this sub-\\nject is Jesuitical, designed to subserve a purpose rather than narrate the truth.\\n1 have the .same right to judge that you have as to the probability of an attack\\nupon Savannah. There is scarcely a seaboard city along the Atlantic coast that\\nhas not its representatives here in Virginia. Why should Savannah be an\\nexception? Surely one company could be spared, at least, to show that her\\nheart beat true to the common cause, and that her youth were ready to court\\ndanger upon the very frontiers of the war. Such a spirit is not what you have\\ncharacterized it. It is probably above your comprehension, but the generous\\nand noble-hearted of my native State will know how to appreciate it.\\nAnd now as to my arms. I did not ask you to arm and equip me. I had\\nalready received from the late government of the United States, through you,\\narms and equipments which cost the State of Georgia nothing. They were\\ndelivered to me and you took my bond for their safe keeping, unless destroyed\\nin the p!(i?(e service. You liave threatened me with the penalty of that bond.\\nTake it if you can get it. That is your remedy. If I have been wrong in\\ntaking the arms away from Georgia, I am a trespasser and of course respon-\\nsible. I think the power you claim to disarm companies once armed and\\nunder bonds, at your will, is, to say the least of it, doubtful. As I have\\nalready said, in a former letter, I would not make this issue if I could find\\nany way to avoid it. I would rather yield than have a controversy with any\\nman where the public interests are involved. But situated as I was, I prefer\\ndisobedience, if you please, rather than to jeopard the honor and safety of\\none hundred men confided to my cai-e. You seem to think I am arrogant in\\nclaiming our humble share in representing the State of Georgia on this field\\nof action. You say that you are not aware of the State authority by which I\\nam called to represent the State of Georgia in Virginia. You make here\\nagair your common error, of supposing that you are the State of Georgia, a\\nmistake in which I do not participate. You will not be permitted to alienate\\nfrom us the esteem and affection of those we leave behind, and whom we love\\nso dearly. I am sorry that you have undertaken so ungracious a task.\\nYou say that at present I am beyond the reach of State authority, and\\nState lines, so far as I am concerned, are obliterated. How long this may\\nremain so, you say, depends upon the developments of the future. I\\ntrust, if God spares my life, I shall set foot again upon the soil of Georgia,\\nand be well assured that I no more fear to meet my enemies at home than I\\nnow do to meet the enemies of my country abroad.\\nWith due respect, I have the honor to be, your most obedient\\nFuANCis S. Baktow.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF GENERAL BARTOW. HI\\nSoon after his arrival iu Virginia he was appointed Colonel of the\\n8th Georgia regiment, and at the first battle of Manassas he was\\ncommanding a brigade comiDosed of the 7th, 8th, 9th, and 11th\\nGeorgia, and the 1st Kentucky regiments. Diu-ing the engage-\\nment only the 7th and 8th Georgia regiments were engaged.\\nDuring the forepart of the battle his command suffered heavily,\\nand at noon, when it became necessary for the left of our army to\\nfall back to its original position, occupied early in the morning,\\nhis regiments also retired. During this movement General Bartow\\nrode up to General Beauregard, the general commanding, and said:\\nWhat shall now be done Tell me, and if human efforts can\\navail, I will do it. General Beauregard, jDointing to a battery at\\nthe Stone Bridge, replied That battery should be silenced.\\nSeizing the standard of the 7th Georgia regiment, and calling upon\\nthe remnants of his command to follow him, he led the van in the\\ncharge. A ball woiiuded him slightly and killed his horse under\\nhim. Still grasping the standard, and rising again, he mounted\\nanother horse, and waving his cap around his head, cheered his\\ntroops to come on. They followed. Another ball pierced his\\nheart and he fell to the ground, exclaiming to those who gathered\\naround him, They have killed me, but never give up the\\nFIELD, and exi^ired. His dying injunction was obeyed. His\\ncommand proceeded on the charge and silenced the battery under\\nthe protection of which the enemy had hurled the missile of death\\ninto the heart of one whose fall plunged a struggling nation into\\nmourning.\\nThe deceased was as marked in character as distinguished for\\ntalent. He was ardent in friendships sincere and ingeniotis in his\\nprofessions of a lofty sense of honor chivalric in the tone of\\nhis sentiments patriotic in his ambition ^brave by nature and\\nconstitution generous in his impulses most zealous in his devo-\\ntion to tnith deeply imbued with the religious sentiment and\\ncherished a reverential regard for all of the institutions of religion.\\nHis style of oratory was bold, earnest, and impassioned. As a\\ncriminal advocate, his eloquence was of a high, thrilling order;\\nand his efforts in important criminal trials established for him a\\nfame which will live with the memory of his beloved and honored\\nname. He was astute as a lawyer and profound in his legal attain-\\nments. His literary attainments were varied and extensive, while\\nhis familiarity with the classics was intimate. His perception and\\n]jve for the beautiful in art and nature were keen and warm his", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "112 HISTOKICAL KECORD OF SAVAMNAH.\\nimagination was rich and glowing, and his thoughts were always\\nfervid.\\nIn July, 1861, Hon. T. K. R. Cobb, before the Congress of the\\nConfederate States of America, in session in Richmond, Virginia,\\npronounced an eloquent eulogy upon General Bartow, after which\\nthe following resolutions were offered and unanimously adopted:\\nResolved, That Congress has heard with mifeigned sorrow of the death of\\nthe Honorable Francis S. Bartow, one of the delegates from the State of\\nGeorgia; that the natural exultation for a glorious victory achieved by our\\narms is checked by the heavj loss sustained by the Confederacy in the death\\nof one of her most efficient counsellors and that, as his colleagues, we feel a\\npeculiar loss to ourselves, in one who had won our esteem and gained our\\naffection.\\nResolved, That with pleasure we record our admiration of his heroic defence\\non the field of battle of the action of Congress in which he participated so\\nlargely, and find some consolation for his death in the conviction that his\\nnoble self-sacrifice will serve to establish the work which he so boldly aided\\nto begin.\\nResolved, That we appreciate the loss which Georgia, his native State, has\\nsustained in the death of one of her noblest sons, and that we tender to the\\nbereaved family the sympathy of hearts, to some extent, stricken by the same\\nblow which has crushed their own.\\nResolved, That in testimony of our respect for his memory, the Congress da\\nnow adjourn.\\nThe Chatham Artillery was organized on the 1st of May, 1786,\\nand was included in the .surrender of the Confederate troops by\\nGeneral Josejih E. Johnston. The battery served at Fort Pulaski\\nand other points around Savannah; at Olustee; at Secessionville,\\nBattery Wagner, and other points around Charleston and with the\\nWestern army until its surrender. The guns of the battery were\\nsurrendered on the seventy-ninth anniversary of the organization.\\nThe battery at that time consisted of four twelve-pounder Napoleon\\nguns, two of which were Federal guns, captured at the battle of\\nOlustee and given to the battery by the General commanding in\\ntoken of his appreciation of the distinguished services and gallant\\nconduct of its members during that battle. The following were\\nofficers of the battery at various periods fi-om the commence-\\nment to the close of the war: Captain Joseph S. Claghorn (pro-\\nmoted to colonel). Lieutenants C. C. Jones (jjromoted to lieutenant-\\ncolonel), Julian Hartridge (elected member of the Confederate Con-\\ngress), William M. Davidson (promoted to captain), B. S. Sanchez,\\nT. A. Askew, John F. Wheaton (in-omoted to captain of the battery\\nearly in the war and remained in command until the close), George\\nA. Whitehead, S. B. Palmer and George N. Hendry.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "VOLUNTEER COMPANIES OF SAVANNAH.\\n113\\nThe Georgia Hussars were organized in 1790, and went into\\nservice at the commencement of the war, and in September, 1861,\\nsucceeded in obtaining permission to go to Virginia, and served\\nthroughout the war with the army of Northern Virginia. Captain\\nJ. F. Waring, the captain at the time of entering service, was pro-\\nmoted to colonel of the Jeff. Davis Legion, and Lieutenant David\\nWaldhauer was promoted to captain; Lieutenant W. W. Gordon\\nwas promoted to caj^tain on General Mercer s staff; and A. McC.\\nDuncan was promoted to 1st lieutenant, and J. L. McTurner and\\nRobert Saussey elected lieutenants. The second company (known\\nas company B) was organized in November, 1861, under Captain\\nW. H. Wiltberger (promoted to major of the 5th Georgia Cavalry),\\nLieutenants R. J. Davant (promoted to lieutenant-colonel of the\\nsame regiment), M. E. Williams, and F. Williams. In 1862 the\\ncompany was reorganized under Captain Wiltberger, Lieutenants\\nJames A. Zittrouer, E. P. Hill, and Phillip Yonge. Lieutenant\\nHill resigned, and Fred. H. Blois was elected lieutenant. At the\\npromotion of Captain Wiltberger, Lieutenant Zittrouer became\\ncaptain. The lieutenants were advanced a grade and John H.\\nAshe was elected lieutenant. The company was with the 5th\\nGeorgia Cavalry, and served around Savannah, on the South Caro-\\nlina coast, in Florida, and with the Western army.\\nThe Savannah Volunteer Guards were organized in 1802, and\\nuntil the commencement of the late war were commanded by Cap-\\ntains John Camming, M. D., J. Marshall, F. Fell, Edward F.\\nTattnall, Joseph W. Jackson, William Robertson, Cosmo P. Rich-\\nardsone, M. D., James P. Screven, and John Screven the latter-\\nnamed officer being in command of the company when it aided in\\nseizing Fort Pulaski on the 3d of January, 1861. The lieutenants\\nthen were: A. C. Davenport, W. S. Basinger, and G. C. Rice.\\nEarly in 1861, so g;i eat was the number of volunteers to the com-\\npanj it became necessary to organize another, the two being\\nrespectively known as companies A and B. The officers of com-\\npany A were: Captain John Screven, Lieiatenants W. S. Basinger,\\nG. C. Rice, and J. C. Habersham; and Ca^itain A. C. Davenport,\\nLieutenants G. W. Stiles, M. H. Hopkins, and Thomas F. Screven\\nofficers of company B. In March, 1862, the coi^ps, numbering\\nthree companies, was mustered into service as a battalion for the\\nwar. Captain John Screven became Major of the battalion, the\\ncompanies being officered as follows: Company A, Captain W. S.\\nBasinger, Lieutenants T. F. Screven, William H. King, and Fred.\\n10*", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0080\u00a2]^24 HISTORICAL BECORD OF SAVANNAH,\\nTupper. Company B, Captain George W. Stiles, Lieutenants E.\\nPadelford, jr., E. A. Castellaw, and George D. Smith. Company C,\\nCaptain G. C. Eice, Lieutenants G. M. Turner, John E. Dillon, and\\nE. Blois. Late in 1862 Major Screven resigned (afterward appointed\\nlieutenant-colonel of local battalion) and Captain Basinger suc-\\nceeded to the couimand of the battalion. The Lieutenants in com-\\npany A were advanced a grade and Sergeant P. N. Eaynal elected\\nlieutenant. Lieutenant Padelford, of company B, died in June,\\n1863, and Sergeant W. E. Gue was elected a lieutenant, the other\\nlieutenants having been advanced a grade. In December, 1863,\\nLieutenant Castellaw, of company B, resigned; the other lieuten-\\nants were advanced a grade and Sergeant W. D. Grant was elected\\nlieutenant. The battalion officers were: Major W. S. Basinger,\\nAdjutant E. P. Starr, Captain E. H. Footman, A. Q. M., George W.\\nCoxwell, Surgeon. The battalion was known as the 18th Georgia\\nBattalion, and served arotmd Savannah and around Charleston,\\nparticipating in the defence of Battery Wagner. Li May, 1864, the\\nbattalion was ordered to Vu-ginia, and participated in the last\\nbattles of the Ai-my of Northern Virginia, being badly cut up at\\nSailor s Creek, a few days before the surrender of General Lee.\\nThe Republican Blues were organized in 1808, and served in the\\nlate war under Captain John W. Anderson, who resigned and was\\nsucceeded by George W. Anderson (afterward promoted to Major\\nin the regular army). Lieutenants George A. Nicoll, W. D. Dixon,\\nT. C. ELkins, F. Willis, and J. M. Theu s. Lieutenant Nicoll was\\npromoted to Captain of the Emmett Rifles and Lieutenant Dixon\\nbecame captain of the Bkxes. This comj^any served at Fort Mc-\\nAllister and other jjoiuts around Savannah, and with the Western\\narmy, being connected with the 1st Georgia regiment.\\nThe Phcenix Riflemen were organized on the 1st of May, 1830,\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0and went into service at the commencement of the war under\\n-Captain George A. Gordon (promoted to colonel of the 63d Georgia\\nregiment), Lieutenants George R. Rlack (promoted to lieutenant-\\ncolonel of the same regiment), George Yv Lamar (promoted to\\nthe rank of captain), Spauiding Mcintosh, George R. Giles (pro-\\nmoted to major of the 63d Georgia regiment). The ranks of\\nthe company were constantly increased, which necessitated the\\nforming of two other companies. The three companies were\\norganized into a battalion, and afterward, with additional com-\\n-panies, organized into a regiment, known as the 63d Georgia.\\ntTjje three comijanies served around Savannah and in the Western", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "VOLUNTEER COMPANIES OF SAVANNAH. ]_]^5\\narmy, under Captain James T. Buckuer, Lieutenants William\\nLyons, William E. Readick, James Geary, and G. A. Bailey, of the\\nfirst comiaany Captain John H. Lopez, Lieiitenauts L. T. Turner,\\nJohn Smith, and Eldred Gefckiu, of the second company; Captain\\nWilliam Dixon, Lieiitenants Charles Law and Joseph Keififer, of the\\nthird company.\\nThe Irish Jasper Greens were organized on the 22d of February,\\n1843, and served in the Mexican war. During the late war they\\nwere officered by Captain John Flanuery, Lieutenants Thomas\\nMahoney, J jhn Greene, and Edmund Flaherty. The ranks of\\ntl.e company were increased above the number allowed, and on\\nthe 4th of Febraary, 1862, company B was organized under Captain\\nDavid O Connor, Lieutenants James Dooner, John Deacy, Peter\\nReiley, Michael Goodwin, and Wm. H. Dooner. Captain O Connor\\ndied during service and Lieutenant James Dooner became captain.\\nBoth companies were in the 1st Georgia regiment, and shared its\\nIbrtimes while arovmd Savannah and with the Western army.\\nThe German Volunteers were organized on the 22d of February,\\n1846, and went into service under Captain John H. Stegin, Lieta-\\ntenants A. Basler, C. Werner, and C. H. A. Umbach. The company\\nwas captured at Fort Pulaski, and, when exchanged, reorganized\\nunder Captain C. Werner, Lieutenants C. H. A. Umbach, L Fleck,\\nand I. AVolber. Captain Werner was killed and Lieutenant Umbach\\nbecame captain; the other officers were promoted, and George\\nMurkins became a lieutenant. This company served around Savan-\\nnah, at Battery Wagner, and with the Western army, forming a part\\nof the 1st Georgia regiment.\\nThe DeKalb Riflemen were organized in 1850, and went into\\nservice under the following officers: Ca^jtaiu P. Wetter, Lieutenants\\nA. L. Hartridge, B. H. Hardee, and Henry Herman. The company\\nwas reorganized in 1862, ;\\\\nd Lieutenant Hartridge was promoted\\nto captain. The other lieutenants were advanced a grade and T.\\nS. Wayne elected a lieutenant. Captain Hartridge was promoted\\nto Major of Artillery, and Lieutenant Hardee became captain and\\nRobert Wayne was elected a lieutenant. The company served\\nalong the coast, and in 1863 was placed in the Georgia Sharp-\\nshooters battalion, and participated in the various battles of the\\narmy of the W^est.\\nThe Oglethorpe Light Infantry were organized on the 8th of\\nJanuary, 1856, the first captain being John N. Lewis. Francis S.\\nBartow was elected captain in 1S07. and was in command when", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "Hg HI8T0EICAL EECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nthe compraiy assisted iu seizing Fort Pulaski ou the 3d of Jannaiy,\\n1861. The company left for Virginia on the 21st of May, 1861,\\nhaving been reorganized previous to starting. The lieutenants\\nthen were J. J. West, Hamilton Couper, and A. P. Butler. Captain\\nBartow was promoted to brigadier-general and killed at Manassas.\\nLieutenant West became captain, but resigned shortly afterward,\\nand Lieutenant Couper was elected captain. Captain Couper died\\nin 1862, and Lieutenant Butler succeeded to the cajitaincy, remain-\\ning in that position until the surrender of the comiiany at Appo-\\nmattox Courthouse, Virginia. The lieutenants during ser\\\\ ice were:\\nJ. L. Holcombe (promoted to major and killed at Jonesboro), Fred.\\nBliss, S. W. Branch, P. B. Holmes, E. Starke Law. This company\\nwas the fii-st companj in the South to offer its services for the\\nwar, and served in all the battles of the army of Northern Virginia,\\nand was with Longstreet s corps when it made its celebrated\\ncircuit of the Confederacy. It formed part of the 8th Georgia\\nregiment, which was so highly complimented by General Beaure-\\ngard for its bravery during the first battle of Manassas. Pre sdous\\nto the company s departure for Virginia, in 1861, the number of\\nvolunteers had increased its ranks beyond the maximum number,\\nand another company, known as the Oglethorpe Light Infantry,\\ncompany B, Avas organized under Captain F. W. Sims, Lieutenants\\nHenry C. Freeman, Benjamin T. Cole, and James Lachlison. The\\ncompany was captured at Fort Pulaski, and, on being exchanged,\\nreorganized and served under Captain James Lachlison, jr., Lieu-\\ntenants H. A. Elkins, Joshua C. Bruyn, and James Simmons.\\nCaptain Sims, shortly after his exchange, was i^romoted to lieiiten-\\nant-colonel and assigned to duty in Eichmond, Va. This company\\nformed part of the 1st Georgia regiment, and particiiiated with it\\nin the various battles around Charleston and those fought by the\\nnrmj of the West.\\nThe 1st Georgia regiment was comi)Osed of the old volunteer\\ncompanies of Savannah, but was reorganized after hostilities com-\\nmenced, with the following companies comjiosing it: Eepiiblica:i\\nBlues, Irish Jas^^er Greens (first and second companies), German\\nVolunteers, Oglethoriae Light Infantry (company B), Washington\\nVolunteers, Tatnall Guards, Coast Rifles, City Light Guard, and\\nIrish Volunteers. The officers of the regiment were: Colonel\\nCharles H. Olmstead, Lieutenant-Colonel W. S. Eockwell, who\\nresigned and Major Martin J. Ford became lieutenant-colonel,\\nMajor John Foley, who resigned and Captain S. Yates Levy was", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "VOLUNTEER COMPANIES OF SAVANNAH. II J\\nappointed major; aud Adjutant M. H. Hopkins. The regiment, or\\na portion of it, A\\\\ as at Fort Pulaski when it was besieged; also at\\nBattery Wagner, with the army of the West, and at Fort McAllister.\\nThe City Light Guards were organized on the 4th of March, ISGl,\\nand served under the following officers: Captain S. Yates Le%-j\\nLieutenants Kobert H. Elliott, George C. Nichols, C. M. Cunning-\\nham, Joseph P. White, John J. Tidwell, and Kobert H. Lewis.\\nAfter the promotion of Captain Levy to major. Lieutenant Ciin-\\nningham became captain.\\nThe Washingiou Volunteers were organized in August, 1861, under\\nCaptain John McMahon, Lieutenants Francis P. Blair, C. D. Rogers,\\nJ. C. Rowland, and A. G. McArthin-. The company was captured\\nat Fort Pulaski, and when exchanged, reorganized under Captain\\nJohn Cooper, Lieutenants J. C. Rowland, A. G. McArthur, and T.\\nC. Bates.\\nThe Tattnall Giiards were organized, shortly after the commence-\\nment of hostilities, iiuder Captain A. C. Davenport, Lieutenants B.\\nH. Cole, John D. Hopkins, and Cjtixs B. Carter.\\nThe Ii-ish Volunteers were organized early in 1861 (for six\\nmonths), under Captain Jacob B. Read, Lieutenants Henry Wil-\\nliams, and A. J. J. Blois. At the expiration of this pei-iod the\\ncompany was disbanded. Previous to this another company, under\\nthe same name and the following officers, was organized, and many\\nof the members of the old company joined it: Captain John F.\\nO Neal, Lieutenants Robert Denver and Henry O Neal.\\nThe Coast Rifles were organized early in 1861, under Captain\\nScreven Turner, Lieutenants Thaddeus Fisher, E. A. Castellaw,\\nJohn Cobiirn, and Charles Webster. Captain Tiirner was killed,\\nand Lieutenant Fisher became captain.\\nThe Emmett Rifles were organized in August, 1861, under the\\nfollowing officers: Captain A. Bonaud (afterward organized a battal-\\nion, of which he became major), Lietitenants William E. Long\\n(afterward promoted to captain, A. Q. M.), W. S. Rockwell, and\\nGeorge Dickerson. At the reorganization, in 1862, George A.\\nNicoU was elected captain. Lieutenant Rockwell retained his\\nposition, and Edgar M. McDonnell was elected lieutenant. The\\ncompany served along the coast, and participated in the numerous\\nengagements at Fort McjUlister, and was there captured.\\nThe Savannah Cadets were organized on the 17th of May, 1816,\\nand served along the coast of Georgia and South Carolina until\\nApril, 1864, when they were ordered to the Western army, and", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "Ug HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nshared the fortunes of that army iiutil its surrender, under Captain\\nWalter S. Chisholm (who resigned in 1863 to accept the judgeship\\nof the City Court), Lieutenants John W. Anderson (promoted to\\ncaptain after Captain Chishohn resigned), H. M. Brunch, C. C.\\nHunter and P. R. Falligaut.\\nThe Oglethorpe Siege Artillery was organized early in 1862, and\\nserved in the batteries around Savannah and Charleston, and in the\\nWestern army after the evacuation of Savannah, under Captain\\nJohn Lama, Lieutenants Algernon Hartridge, Milton C. Wade, E.\\nE. Eichards, and Alexander Campbell.\\nThe Blue Cap Cavahy was organized in March, 1861, and served\\nin Georgia, Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee,\\nand Virginia, under Captain Isaac M. Marsh, Lieutenants W. F.\\nWalton, Samuel Lewis, and John E. Freyer.\\nThe Mitchell Volunteer Guards were organized on the -ith of\\nMarch, 1862, and served around Savannah and Charleston, and in\\nthe Western army, under Captain M. J. Doyle (who resigned and\\nwas succeeded by Lieutenant B. Connor), Lieutenants P. W. Doyle,\\nand John Joseph Purtell.\\nThe Montgomery Giiards were organized on the 20th of August,\\n1861, nnder Captain L. J. Gnilmartin, Lieutenants John J. Symons,\\nChristopher Hussey, and Christopher Murphy. The company was\\ncaptured at Fort Pulaski, and when exchanged reorganized, electing\\nLieutenant Christopher Hussey captain, and Christopher Miirphy,\\nJ. J. Sjanons, and W. V. Apperson lieutenants. The company\\nserved around Savannah and in the Western army. Captain Hus-\\nsey died just before General Joseph E. Johnston s surrender, and\\nLieiitenant Murphy was promoted to captain.\\nThe Savannah Artillery was organized in 1860, under Captain\\nJohn B. Gallie (promoted to major and killed at Fort McAllister).\\nGeorge L. Cope became captain, and B. Whitehead, E. Knapp, and\\nC W. Hoist lieutenants. The company served around Savannah\\nuntil 1862, when it was disbanded, and the members volunteered in\\nother comuanies.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "SAVANNAH S ROLL OF HONOR.\\nThose markecl thus were killed; those marked t died in service or since ths\\nwar; aud those marked were wounded.\\nMAJOR-GEMERALS\\nJ. F. Gilmer, Geo. P. Harrison, Commodore J. Tatnall.\\nBRIGADIER-GENERALS\\nK. H. Aiidersou, Isaac W. Avery, Ed. C. Anderson, Francis S. Bartow,* J. S.\\nBowen,* William R. Boggs, Henrj* E. Jackson, W. W. Kirkland, A. K. Lawtou.t\\nH. W. Mercer, G. Moxley Sorrell.\\nEdward C. Anderson, Joseph S. Claghorn, Winder P. Johnson, George A. Gordon,\\nCharles A. L. Lamar,* J. M. Millen,* Charles H. Ohnstead, F. W. ^imms, W. E.\\nSymons, W. T. Thompson, J. F. Waring.t W. M. Wadley, Charlton H. Way, E.\\nA. Wayne, Aaron Wilbur.\\nLIEUXENANT-COLONELS\\nGeorge E. Black, Eichard J. Davant, Jr., Martin J. Ford, B. B. Ferrill, C. C.\\nJones, W. E. Pritchard, W. S. Eockwell, John Screven.\\nMAJORS\\nGeorge W. Anderson, W. S. Basinger,+ P. H. Behu, T. D. Bertody, A. Bonaud.\\nHenry Bryan, John Cunningham, H. N. Davenport, E. W. B. Elliott, John Foley,\\nT. J. Charlton, John M. Guerard, Geo. R. Giles.t Juo. B. Gallic,* E. L. Holcombe,\\nA. li. Hartridge, J. L. Holcoiabe,* Charles S. Hardee, B. W. Hardee, J. C. Haber-\\nsham, J. :m. Johnston, W. S. Lawton, S. Yates Levy, J. C. Le Hardy, McPherson\\nB. Blillen, D. H. Morrisson, J. T. McFarland, J. B. Read, James T. Stewart, W. F.\\nShellman, J. G. Thomas, -Joseph C. Thompson, J. -J. Waring, W. D. Waples, W.\\nH. Wiltberger, J. S. Williams.\\nCAPTAINS\\nJohn W. Anderson,! John W. Anderson, Jr., R. F. Aiken, James T. Buckner, A.\\nF. Butler,+ W. H. Bun-oughs, Jr., N. B. Brown, J. McP. Berrien.t A. Easier,\\nGeorge S. Barthelmess, De Witt C. Bruyn, George W. Coxwell, T. M. Cunningham,\\nC. AI. Cunningham, S. M. Colding, John Cooper, Walter S. Chisolm, B. Connor,\\nGeorge L. Cope, Hamilton (Jouper.t E. Che\\\\-is, i- H. C. Cunningham, J. S. Camp-\\nfield, Vt illiam M. Davidson, J. H. Demuud, H. W. Denslow, A. C. Davenport,\\nWilliam Dixon, William D. Dixon, James Dooner, Archibald C. Davenport,\\nGeorge Dickerson, JL J. Doyle, E. W. Drummoud, William Duncan, Robert", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "120 HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nErwin, W. H. Elliott, R. H. Footman, Joliu Flauuery, Tliaddeus Fisher, F. L. Gue,\\nW. W. Gorcloii, L. J. Guilmartiu, E. L. Gnerard, James B. Grant,! C. R. Goodwin,\\nThomas B. Goweu, B. H. Hardee, Christopher Hussey,t W. F. Holland, J. D.\\nHopkins, R. B. Harris, W. D. Harden, C. C. Hardwicke. Juo. Howard, Juo. R.\\nJohnson, J. S. Kennard, Geo. W. Lamar, Jno. H. Lopez, J Jas. LachUsou, Jr.,} Wm-\\nE. Long, W. F. Law, G. B. Lamar, T. B. Lamar, E. P. Lawton,* Jno. Lama, R. E.\\nLester, J. M. B. Lovell, Spaulding Mcintosh, John McMahon, I. M. Marsh, Chris-\\ntopher Mnri^hy, J. W. McAlpin, George A. Mercer, Robert P. Myers, George A.\\nNicoll, K. J. Nunn, John F. O Neal, David O Connor,! D. G. Purse, William H.\\nPatterson,} G. C. Rice,* A. Richardson, A. M. Richards, T. F. Screven, George\\nW. Stiles, John H. Stegin, C. A. Stiles, H. H. Scranton,t F. C. Sollee, A. C.\\nSorrell, Robert Stiles, John AV. Sutlive, Screven Turner,* J. S. Turner,* J. H.\\nThomas, H. A. Umbach,} John F. VVheatou, C. H. WyUy, W. L. Walthour, C. J.\\nWhite, R. D. Walker, David ^^\u00e2\u0096\u00a0aldhauer,i C. Werner,* P. Wetter, J. J. West, R.\\nHabersham Wylly.\\nLIEUTENANTS\\nT. A. Askew, John H. Ashe, A. G. McArthur, W. V. Appersou, Ed. M. Anderson.\\nFrederick H. Blois, E. Blois,* G. A. Bailey, A. Basler, Joshua C. Bruyn, Francis P.\\nBlair, T. C. Bates, A. J. J. Blois, H. M. Branch,} Fred Bliss,* S. M. Branch,} L. C.\\nBerrien, Juo. S. Branch,* John Bilbo, Sam l P. Bell, Henry Butler, Jno. S. Butler,\\nEdward A. Castellaw,} Benjamin T. Cole, B. H. Cole, Cyrus E. Carter,*\\nJohn C oburn, H. A. Crane, A. T. Cunningham, C. M. Cunningham, John R.\\nDillon,} John Deacey, W. H. Dooner, Robert Denver, P. W. Doyle, George W.\\nDickerson, R. M. Demere. G. Darling, T. C. Elkins, H. A. Elkins,} Robert H.\\nElliott, Paul Elkins, Edmund Flaherty, I. Fleck, Henry C. Freeman,} P. R. Falli-\\ngant,} John R. Freyer, J. M. Fleming,* Robert Falligant, C. G. Falligaut,\\nW. E. Gue, W. D. Grant,} James W. Geary, Eldred Gefckin, John Greene,\\nMichael Goodwin, W. E. Guerard, A. H. Gordon, W. R. Gignilliatt, Joseph\\nH. Gnann,* Robert Grant,} William T. Gibson, G. P. Goodwin, Juhan Hartridge,\\nAlgernon Hartridge, E. P. Hill, M. H. Hopkins, John D. Hopkins, Henry\\nHerman,* C. C. Hunter,} C. W. Hoist, P. B. Holmes,* F. A. Habersham,*\\nJ. T. Howard, James Hunter,} Jr., J. L. Hammond, George N. Hendi-y,\\nJames Hunter, G. H. Johnston, W. H. King,* Joseph Kciffer,* E. Knapp,\\nWilliam Lyons, Charles Law,} Robert H. Lewis,} Sanniel Lewis, E. Starke Law,}\\nA. B. Luce, John A. Lewis, A. McC. Duncan, Thomas ?vIahouey, George Murkins,\\nEdgar N. McDonnell, F. J. McCall, Edward Manes, M. Molina,* John L. Martin,\\nT. A. Maddox, J. B. Mcintosh, John Mahoney, L. Y. Mallory, George C. Nichols,\\nHenry O Neal,* S. P. Norris, E. F. Neufville, John Oliver, S. B. Palmer, E. Padel-\\nford, Jr.,t John J. PurteU,} C. A. Patillo,} George T; Patten. Charles T. Preston,\\nP. N. Raynal, W. E. Readick,* Peter Reily, C. D. Rogers, J. C. Roland, AV. S.\\nRockwell, J. A. Rahn, William Rogers, C. B. Richardson, J. C. Roland, W. A.\\nRussell, R. R. Richards, B. S. Sanchez,* Robert Saussy, George D. Smith,} E. P.\\nStarr,} John Smith,} James Simmons, H. B. Saddler, W. P. Schrom, G. P. Screven,\\nH. R. Symons, J. L. McTurner, Fred. Tupper,} Ct. M. Turner,* L. T. Turner,} J.\\nM. Theus,} J. J. Tidwell, George A. Whitehead, M. E. Williams, F. Williams, F.\\nWillis, I. Wolber, Joseph P. White, Henry Williams, Charles Webster, Thomas S.\\nWayne, Robert Wayne,} W. F. Walton, B. Whitehead, A. A. Ward,* Micliael\\nWalsh, H. K. Washburne. H. Way, Milton C. Wade, Philip Yonge.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "ROLL OF HOKOE.\\nPRIVATES\\n121\\nI. Ames.t J. H. Austin, H. Atkinson, J. M. Abrahams,! E. E. Allen, W. C. Avery,\\nB. Abney,* J. G. Ardis, L. B. Andrew, J. J. Abrams, A. Alleoud, A. S. Achord,\\nJames L. Aguew, G. S. Appleton, J. H. Ashe, E. W. Adams, J. T. Austin, D. E.\\nArdis, James Aaron, J. O. Andi-ews, C. Y. Anderson, George Atchison, Eobert\\nAndrews, Joseph Adams, W. L. B. Aikens, William Allen, J. Abramscyk, James\\nM. A8hiield,t William Ashfield, John D. Audas, George E. Anderson, t William\\nAnderson, D. O. Arery,* E. Attaway, D. K. Adams, W. Adams, A. J. Adams, I. T.\\nAdams, William Allison, George Archibald, G. H. Augill, David A. Adams, George\\nF. Allen, L. Aikens, W. Andrews.\\nW. T. Borchert,t J. A. Bro^vu, Samuel Brown.t George M. Barnes,t Robert\\nBren, L. Bevill,t E. J. Bourquin,t Thaddeus W. Bennett, G. D. Baker,t W. H.\\nBourne,* Berry Bradford, W. B. Bradford,* W. H. Bird, Wm. E. Boyd, C. F. Bor-\\nchert, S. H. Baldie,* W. H. Bennett, E. B. Barnwell,* W. H. Barton, Eobert Q.\\nBaker,+ I. H. Bogart, M. B. Boston,* Willis A. Burney.t George M. Butler,* Jno.\\nA. Belvin,:;; DeWitt C. Bacon, F. W. Baily,t W. S. Bogart, Lewis Bliss, John Bilbo,\\nAlfred Bliss.f Osceola Butler, E. F. Baker, M. O Byrne, W. C. Bishop, A. M.\\nBowen, J. S. Bayard, J. H. Bowman, M. Burns, W. E. Q. Baker, Eichard Broderick,\\nAlfred Bishop, A. Bouliueau, J. G. Barnwell, M. J. Bayard, C. J. Barrie, J. H.\\nButler.t W. J. Bee, M. A. Barrie, L. E. Barrie,* J. C. Bryan,t Hugh Bryan, Gideon\\nBhss,t J. W. Burroughs, W. H. Bradley, Thos. Byrns, T. P. Bond, M. T. Bruner,\\nW. C. Bennett,* C. Barnwell, H. Baars,t James Bryan,* J. J. Butler,t James\\nBelote,t Henry Bennett, H. H. Black, B. Brady, H. M. Bryan, Isaac Brunner,\\nDavid Bell, T. J. Bulloch, A. O. Bowie,* P. N. Box, A. M. Barber, Eugene Bee, E.\\nH. Bacon, H. G. Black, J. B. Bennett, John Blackie, 0. W. Brunner, H. F. Bruen,t\\nA. E. W. Barclay, J. Borrel, O. T. Bacon, H. N. Bryan, W. J. Bessent, A. S. Bacon,\\nJ. H. Barton, L. E. Baly, C. W. Bruen, J. T. Baker, E. J. R. Bee, B. Brunner,\\nGeo. E. Black, 8. J. M. Baker, Henry Bryan, A. M. Barbee, C. J. Barilett, John\\nBarrie, J. J. Butler,t J. A. Baker,t E. H. Bacon, A. Barrie, J. S. Bryan,W. H. Bul-\\nloch, T. E. Brannon, F. Bacchus, J. O. Bryin, C. Brukman,* W. Brewer, F. Bier-\\nhalter, W. Brooks, J. W. Booth,! D. Brewer, D. Browen, L. Brown, t C. Beckton,$\\nR. A. F. Blakeley,t H. Black, E. Barrett.W. Backley,t A. Beyard, H. Bridie,t T. A.\\nBatton,W. Baxter, J.Bryant,! J. E. Beasley,W. Beasley, H.Bogardus,W. G. Brace,*\\nJ. Brady, J. Bessent, T. Bennett, T. Blessing,W.W. Bradley,! F. S. Battley,! J. E.\\nBrowne, J. M. Boyd, A. M. Buford, G. A. Bailie, T. S. Bird, L. Burroughs, S. R.\\nBanks, H. O. Best, J.W. Bieze,T. J. Bransby, C. P. Burkhalter,W.Best, L. A. Butts,\\nJames D. Bell, M^ilUam H. Bell.WUliam Best, L. A. Butts,, J. C. Browning,*\\nJ. W. Bailey. t C. B. Browning, J. Bro\\\\vn, P. C. Bro^^\u00e2\u0080\u00a2n, I. Bell, Wm. Burns, P.\\nBurket, A. P. Boggs, G. A. Blount, G. Burns, S. H. Bowman, John W. Baley,\\nCharles H. Baker, Stephen J. Baker, J. J. Boyd, E. E. Brantly, David H. Bailey,\\nJohn Barrie, E. W. Brown, H. L. Benniug, George W. Blount, George W.\\nBrownell, Thomas Blitch, William C. Bradley, J. J. Barron,! Henry J.\\nByrd, L. Bragg,! D. J. Bryant, E. J. G. Blake, William Bray, I. M. Beck, John\\nBrein,! B. Bryant, Charles Berry, Mark Breen, James Brannon, James Bray, Ed.\\nBrady, John Blessing, Michael Black, T. Berryhill, Patrick Barrett, George W.\\nBerry, H. F. Beach, William Box, W. W. Brown, M. Bozmau, Henry C. Bradley,\\nEobert A. Beasley, Ed. W. Barnwell, William Buruham, William Black, Joseph\\nP. Bell. Robert Barnwell, Lawrence C. Butler, William M. Butler, John Brady,\\n11", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "]^22 HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVAKNAH.\\nJ. A. Bessiiigcr, Peter Curket, S. S. Bessinger.i; J. E. Bea-sley, C. A. Barron, J. K.\\nB. Baker, Charles Blaqwe,t O. F. Basefiekl, H. Biugham.t Jolm Baker.t John\\nBerkley, M. Buchanoii, John Brantley, Wni. Butler, Henry Bennar, Richard\\nBurke, t Micliael Barrett.t Thomas Brennau, John Bnisnahan, James Brenuan,\\nJames Bent,:!: AViUiam Burns, Michael Bryan, G. Baukmau, James Bai-bour.t\\nC arles F. Blanche, Charles R. Badger, Wm. J. Baillie,t y\\\\ m. Barbo\\\\u-,t B. B.\\nBai! ie, M. Bishop, James Bishop, John A. Baynes, AVm. H. Bonuer.t Thos. H.\\nButler, Wm. Bell, Thos. B. Bond, R. F. W. Burroughs,i Franklin Bird,t Barry\\nByrd,t Heuiy E. Ball, J. W. Biggs, Thomas Ballantyne, W. Baynard,* J. A.\\nBoughau, John A. Britten, t John Burnett, George W. Bockley,t F. Brodbacker\\n(killed by negroes, Dec. 1868, while on patrol duty), L. Brum, J. F. Butler,\\nDominique Brown,J John T, Blatz, H. Bergner, Dennis Boyle. t\\nWilliam C. Crawford, Harry A. Carter.t J. J. Crunipler.t Thomas Cuddigan,t Z.\\nCastleberry, W. H. Crane,* I. E. Carolan,* I. B. Chishohn, R. H. Cole, t William\\nCombs,* A. H. Charlton, Charles Cevor, W. B. Corey, R. A. Crawford, Charles\\nCannoii,t H. R. Christian, Daniel Callahan, James Coleman, James Cooper, Wm.\\nCraven, John Cheisman, Pat. Cashin, W^ J. Cash,t J. M. Cole, W. R. Cooke, G. B.\\nClarke, N. Corbin, J. Coouer, A. H. Champion, J. B. Crabtree, R. M. Charlton,!\\nL. Connell,+ Isaac Cohen, George A. Cuyler.f C. C. Cushing, D. J. Craft, J. M.\\nCarroljt A. W. Clarke, E. Copeland,t John Chipman, C. Clarke, H. Crook,* J. J.\\nCornell, S. Coalson, J. Carmody,t H. M. Comstock,t P. Cooney, J. Carroll, B.\\nColdman, T. J. Crotty, A. Cowper, U. H. Cohen, G. S. H. Clarke, J. G. Cornell, J.\\nConlan,* John Cooper, J. S. Caruthers, James Chaplin, Ed. Cooper, John Calder,\\nRobert Cessor, John Cooper, W. T. Coleman, A. J. Coleman, Thomas Cobb, Geo.\\nClark, BaruetCarr, Maurice Crowley, Thos. Carlin, James Clancey.Wm. Condon,\\nPatrick Cnrran Stephen Clark, E. W. Cribb, Nathan Childre, Richard Crotty,\\nAndrew Collins, E. J. Connell, George Cambeff, F. B. Colson, John Curreu, John\\nG. Cushing, John W. Counts, M. Cohen, Win, H. Cardwell, James Coil, Edward\\nF. Costigan, Martin Connor,* J. A. Calloway, A. R. Cidlens, George Cordes,\\nTheodore Carnis. Washington Cole, Thomas B. Clare, D. L. Cole, Thomas Carro-\\nlan, F. B. Cocke, t James C. C hisolm, A. Chisolm, P. I. Creagan, Mathew Claneey,\\nL. Callahan, Nicholas Cullen,t P. Canipbell,t J. Criumon, Michael Cusick, Garrett\\nColtor, P. Connahau, P. Condon, f Michael Cleary, Thomas Conghlin,t Luku\\nCarson, Cornelius Crouiu, John Coleman, James Crotty, Thomas Carroll, Richard\\nCrotty, P, CuUen, Michael Cumins, Michael Cash, Jeremiah Crowley, John\\nCooney, Thomas Cooney, Michael Copps, AVilUam J. Cook, DeWitt C. Cook, Isaac\\nS. Cohen, P. G. Cope.t Joseph J. Cooper, ta. Clittord, Morris Cohen, Pat. Carlis,\\nL. J. Connell, John W. Calloway,t Jos. J. Clarke, Hardy Cook, J. C. Connell, L.\\nH. Cleuiens,t A. J. Campbell.t Robert Canipbell,t T. B. Chisolm, I. W. C. Clarke,\\nAlfred Cuthbert, Michael Clarke, C. N. Clcmons,t Jacob Clemens, J. W. Crew.t\\nL, Calahan,t L. Casou,t M. J. Cox,t L. Cox,t John Carter,t R. Carson, C. Christie,!\\nC. Campbell, Da\\\\ id Carter. R. Cercopaly, W. Curry, W. A. Couei-y, J. D. Claherty.\\nJames Cauf eld, Allen CuUen, T. H. Courier, G. H. Cox, J. W. Connor, G. W.\\nClarke, W. H. Cooper, J. H. Cullen, Floyd Crockett, G. Carswell, E. Clarke, Ben.i.\\nCarter,* Arthur Connoway, James L. Crosby, George Cash,* John Crosby, D.\\nWiley Carter, W. W^ Connor, John B. Connor,t R. A. Crawford, Milton Creigh-\\nton, R. Carroll, A. Cowan,t L- M. Cowan, W. W. Cheever, F. B. Cleary, F. A.\\nCanuet, G. R. Clarke, C. P. Carey, W. G. Cooper.\\nN. J. Darrell, M. Davis.* Thomas Devane. Alfred Davis. B. Dunovan.t S. M.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "ROLL OV HONOK. 123\\nDasher. -I- \\\\V. B. Daslier.J Joseph O. Davis.t Htury L. Davis.J Cicorgc Uell, O.\\nDaiivcrsue.t J. H. Demuml, J. G. Deitz, Jacob F. Doe,t H. B. Dumas, Thomas\\nDuun. Johu Dreesen, G. E. Dixon, J. JI. Davis,t R. L- Dixon, H. S. Drees, D.\\nllcDonaUt. J. Darracott.t E. J. Douglass,! B. H. K. Davenport, J. Donahue, J.\\nDean, M. Dillon, W. C. Daniel, P. D. Davie, H. Duparc, E. W. Davis, C. F.\\nDaniels, H. W. Denslow, J. D. Delanuoi, J. M. Dougherty, J. H. Dews, T. H.\\nDunham, R. Dinzoy, E. J. Doyle, W. W. Doty, J. B. Davis, Samuel Douse, Chas.\\nDavis,* W. J. Doggett, J. E. Denu-ard,t J. M. Doty, Daniel McDonald, Abner\\nDoba, William Dougherty, John Dooner, Frank Doyle, Timothy Dorney, James\\nDolan, Barnard Dolan, Patrick Diguou, John J. Derrick, J. B. Davis.t Thomas D.\\nDowning, Dauicl Donahoe, Robert K. Dimond,t Philip J. DeLorge, Jas. Deasy,\\nT. F. Daniel, R. A. Diehl, Richard Dawson,* John Dawson, M. Drury, J. J. Daly,\\nP. F. Dillon, J. Duiguau, Patrick Davis, P. Doyle, W. B. Devine, Thomas Daily,\\nEd. Dinuon,t Michael Dougherty, Daniel Doyle, John Duggan, M. Dohrman, C.\\nDreyer, Jacob G. Davis, H. DeDuriug, Thomas H. Dunham.t George W. Dillon,t\\nRaymond M. Demere, M. J. Donnelly, Patrick Dunu, Peter Derst.t John Derst,\\n(ieorgc Dieter, C. Drager, Johu Dunn,* John Dadwilder.t William Daunenfelser\\nW. Domiuey,+ James Daniels.t E. B. Darden, J. T. Daniels, J. Danlorth, M. Dan-\\nlortli, J. B. Davis, R. A. Davis.t Henry Dugger,t John Denmark, Newton Davis,\\nJasper Davis,?. John J. Davisf, P. Daley, J. Dillon, C. Dalton, J. C. Duke.t H.\\nDemere, J. F. Davis, W. W. Dixon, W. H. Dean.\\nJohn Easter, Lewis Eudres, H. A. Elkins, Lewis L. Eastniead,t J. H. Estill, R.\\nW. Elliott,t Percival EUiott.t S. EUiott, Jr., J. Eghlen, R. Exum, J. M. Elliott, J.\\nW. Elliott, M. English, Maurice Erwin, Jefferson Espotous, William Elliott, J. S.\\nEden,t William Eutwistlc, A. Edmonds, J. L. Edmondsou, A. Ehrlich.t George\\nErgil, F. Euglchart, Nicholas Englehard, G. Erkil, W. R. Evans, Joseph Elarbee,\\nM. Ennis, H. Eady,- William Eppiuger, J. B. Elli.=,* J. J. Eady, T. P. Elkins, J.\\nW. Edmondson,* S. English.\\nJohn H. Forehaud,i James L. Foster, Xoah Folsom, M. E. Flowers, L. T.\\nFlowers,t A. J. Franklin, M. H. Franklin,! Julius A. Ferrill,* Joseph M. Farr,\\nT. C. Farr, L. A. Falligant, R. C. Feagan,t G. C. Freeman, J. T. Freeborn, E. N.\\nFormsby, J. R. Farr, J. H. Frazier.t A. Fairchild, S. C. Freeman, W. H. FarreU,\\nW. H. Ferguson, J. Fender, A. Folker,t M. L. Farris,AV. B. Francis, R.R. Forbes.t\\nJ. C. Footman, J. A. Feuger, C. J. Falligant, Johu Fernandez, J. G. Fulton.t D-\\nP. Freeman, F. S. Ferrill, James Freeborn, F. J. Fox, Patrick Flanuery, John\\nFoster, G. C. Fahm, M. F. Foley, Geo. G. Fathers,! Robert C. Fclzer, R. Fetzer,!\\nWm. Foley, Robt. C. Fetzer, David Farmer, P. H. Ferguson, Thos. Feely, John\\nFraiu, R. Folliard,t Daniel Foley, Michael Fleming,! James Fleming, William\\nFowler, J. Fitzpatrick, James Farrell, Thomas H. Farrell, L. Freudenthal, Thos.\\nFen-ill, L. Feixslenberg, J. S. Fisher, Dougald Ferguson, Joseph C. Faver, T. S.\\nFlood, Wm. Frew,* John H. Fulton,! Fred. Ferrier, Jas. Ferguison.! F. Fisher,!\\nE. B. Forbes, M. Floyd, R. J. Frizell, J. C. Fletcher, B. B. Farmer,! R. A. Flem-\\ning, A. Fitzpatrick, B. F. Fox, J. D. Ferguson, Robert C. Ferrill,! Lemuel A.\\nFryor, Richard Flinn, U. C. Frazicr,* P. Fogarty, Wm. Fowler, I. Follard, I.\\nFinn.r B. C. Ferguson,* J. D. Frazier, W. B. Fisher, W. J. Forehand, F. W.\\nFinch, A. J. Franklin, W. H. Farmer, W. C. Flemister, J. M. Farr.\\nC. Gassman, J. Giddins, L. L. Graybill,! I. N. Grimes,! I. I. Griffin,! F. G.\\nGoodwin,* R. J. Godfrey,! C. W. Godfrey, C. G. Girardeau,! F. A. Garden, J. B.\\n.ludry. A. T. Gray, C. Garrett, J. Gammell, Chas. A. Greiner,! John Golden, AV.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "224 HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nG. Gray, E. J. Gowdy, N. E. Griffin, A. Goodman, W. J. Grubbs, H. F. Gilliland,\\nJohn Grose, A. Goodman, S. P. Goodwin, E. L. Graves, B. J. Givoucelly, E. J.\\nGowdy, J. S. Gans,t E. Gordon, E. L. Gordon.t E. Griffin, B. Green,t R. D.\\nGuerard, C. F. Grant, J. N. Guerard,t J. S. Griggs (di-o-vraed), H. Gallaglier, C.\\nW. Gould, tW. E. Guerard. S. D. Griffin, D. M. Gugel, H. L. GilUland.W. S. Gowan,\\nD. F. Goens, Thos. A. Grace, Jolin Gribbiu, Joseph Gammon, James Glenn, Geo.\\nGrimshaw, Fleming Goldsby, John McGrath, Sr., John McGrath, Jr., August\\nGerber, M. Garritz, John J. Gallagher, Patrick Gahan, Patrick Gleason,\\nJames Golden, G. Geiger, William Gleeman, F. Green, G. Giebelhouse, G.\\nGarey, B. L. Goulding, B. A. Grubbs, J. W. Graves, J. C. Gray, William Guisin-\\nheimer, Fisher Gaskins, James L. Griffin, Benjamin Green, t Robert C. Guerard.t\\nEd. Gordon, A. W. Graham.t F. R. Goulding, W. J. Grubbs, Frank Godwin, R.\\nGarrison, W. Grimm, Wni. Gardner, John Geigher, S. Green, J John Gaskins, W.\\nB. Gill, Thos. Gibbons, J. H. Geffcken, H. A. Gilbert, James Ginuey,t J. V. Gray,\\nJ. N. Gow,t G. T. Gray, B. Gray, JohnT. Glatigny, Joshua Gnann, M. M. GUsson,\\nJames Gill, Wm. GiU, Silas H. Graves, R. Grant, T. H. Gibson, Wm. Groover, E.\\nW. Gifford, A. W. Gresham, P. Guerard, A. G. Guerard, J. F. Gowen.\\nDavid Hutchinson,! Robert H. Hutchinsou,t Alexander F. Holmes, Jesse C.\\nHeidt, E. L. Hacket, J. W. Heidt, R. R. Habersham, A. Holt, James Heery, G. T.\\nHetterick, A. T. Habersham,t John L. Harden, M. Haggerty, F. E. Hertz, H. P.\\nHorton,t T. R. Hines, A. W. Harmon, Wm. Hays, W. H. Hudson, E. F. Hender-\\nson, M. Hamilton, C. M. Hoist, B. M. Hunter, John Hughes, J. E. Henderson,\\nJ. B. Hogg, H. N. Heidt, W. Higgins, S. D. Hamilton, C. Hopkins, W. L. Haupt.F.\\nJ. Hunt,t T. Holcombe, F. W. Harriss, J. B. Harriss, J. Hitchcock,W. P. Hunter,\\nS. O. T. Harvey, J. B. Hoist, J. C. Holcombe, S. H. Hopkins,t T. Henderson, J.\\nHarig, Thomas L. Henry, James H. Hull, N. A. Hardee, t J. F. Hamilton,\\nW. R. Holmes, C. S. Harris, G. G. Hendrick, W. B. Hassett, E. R. Hernandez, B.\\nJ. Helny, Thomas Hinely,! W. N. Habersham, J W. C. Henges,+ W. T. Ham,\\nAlbert Hunt, John Hodge, A. S. Hutchinson, E. B. Hook, W. Hutchinson, t John\\nHays, Henry Hastedtt, Wm. R. Hutchinson, Charles W. Harper, Henry Hinkins,t\\nJames Hourine,* Richard Hunt, W. O. Harper, John Hammond, Isaac Hay, Wm.\\nHernandez, F. A. Holhday, John Healey, EUjah J. Hall, George W. Hall, John\\nHenry,* Patrick Hays, Stephen Hanlon,t Thos. Haley, J. Harrington, Bernard\\nHoran, Patrick Hayes, Thos. Hymes,t C. Hartmau, C. M. Harden, B. W. Hodgins,\\nB. Hess. J. Hennings, D. Harmes, H. Harper, Charles Hennings, H. Hartloge, I.\\nHarmes, H. Hartloe, John F. Hunter, George W. Hendrick, John Hart, J. W.\\nHendley, Samuel P. Hamilton, R. L. Hearn, T. W. Heyward.t Wm. H. Hewlitt,\\nC. C. Hines, Jefferson Hyatt, t Thos. G. Heidt,* John Hess, Frank Hirt, C. Hirt,\\nWm. Haarer,t Henry Heine, Peter Hildebrandt, Wm. Haskel, S. Hernstadt,t B.\\nHam, D. Heusler, C. Heuer, Robt. Hurst, 1:, John Howard, t Fred. Heuer,* H.\\nHicks, J. D. Howard,! James Halpine, L. Hem-iant,t John Hinely,* Chas. Herb,\\nR. M. Harris, James Hamlin, C. F. Hughes, J. Hanley, H. C. Harden,t W. J.\\nHarris, W. J. Hulm, C. Hartman, J. E. Howard,* J. M. Harris, M. L. Harris, B.\\nHorn, W. B. Heath, J. Hagerty,t J. M. Hills, Peter Hogan, James Higgins, t Jas.\\nHancock, W. S. Hancock, Alfred P. Horton, J. T. Hairgrooves, John Harris,! Jas.\\nHineley, S. Haughton,t A. Heery, M. Henry, C. H. Hamm, Alexander Hazzard.t\\nWm. Harden, R. P. Hoyt, T. R. HoUiday, H. Humphreys, W. B. Hedleston, C. J.\\nHallman, H. M. Heidt, T. C. Harden, R. F. Harrington, J. R. Holtzclaw,* G.\\nHarper, P. F. Hayden, G. H. Henning, J. B. Harrell.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "EOLL OF HONOR. 125\\nRobt. Ivoy, W. H. Ivey.t S. T. Isler,J Henry lumeu, John lumen, C. F. Irwin,\\nL. lugalls, I. Ivey.\\nJ. S. Jordan,! S. Jones, t E. 0. Johnson, G. O. Johnson, W. Johnson, J. E.\\nJones, M. Joiner, J.W. Jaudou, J. Joiner, W. J. Jones, J. A. Johnston, F. P. Jones,\\nA.Johnson, Mitchell Jones, T. Jones, H. B. Josephs, G. E. James,* P. Jordan,! R.\\nJohnson, T. AV. Johnson, B. L. Jones, J. B. Jones, J. Johnson (drowned), W. L.\\nJackson, i J. E. Jarrell, J. M. Jones, Jacob A. Jones, W. W. Jennings, Thomas\\nJennings, H. Jones, J. Jennings, F. Jackson, I. Johnson, P. E. Jndiue,t Samuel\\nJeflfcoat,* Jlathew Jones, Daniel J. Jones, H. H. Jones, Alfred Jones, Wm. A.\\nJaudon,* Wm. H. Jackson,* J. T. Jones, W. Jones, H. T. Johnson, T. G. Jones,\\nJ. H. Jones,? B. F. .Jenkins, J. J. Johnson, O. Shelton Jinks,t J. H. Jackson, M.\\nJackson, Wm. Johnson, W. B. Jackson, T. 51. Jenkins, G. W. Johnson, C. Jolly.\\nP. Kreiger.t J. F. Krenson,* J. H. King.t M. Kelly, T. Kenny, M. L. King,\\nA. D. Krenson, R. M. C. Kennedy, R. B. King, W. A. Keller,t E. H. Kent, R.\\nKing, E. J. Kirkland, T. King, F. Kreeger,t J. F. KoUock, G. J. Kollock, J. F.\\nKreeger,t J. M. Kreeger, N. B. Knapp, B. F. Keller, P. J. Kirby, J. Kirkland,\\nJ. A. M. King, L. Kelly, T. Kirby, E. H. Kennedy, D. S. Kellam, J. T. Knight,\\nP. Kenane, T. Kearney, J. Kennedy,! J. Kinchen, J. A. King, Thos. Kelly, A.\\nKating, J. Kerns, J. Kavauagh, T. Kirby, Fred. Koch, H. Koch, F. Koch, P.\\nKelley, F. Krail, P. Koofman, J. Kuhlman, H. Kuck, F. M. Kinsey, B. Kennedy.\\nA. Champion Knapp, S. Kraft, t Jacob Klein, George Knerr,t Wylly Knight,? John\\nKessell, Wm. Krauss, M. Kilner, C. Keller,! N. Kittrell, Wm. Kellnm, James\\nKeyes,+ P. Kelley, E. J. Kennedy, T. Kile.\\nD. P. Landershine,! W. J. Lineberger, F. M. Lineberger,! W. N. Lineberger,!\\nB. F. Lineberger,! B. F. Lindsey, J. E. M. Lindsey, J. S. Lindsey, Hardy Lovett,t\\nJoshua Lovett, T. J. Liles,! J. R. Lewis, L. W. Landershine, Lewis Lippman.t J.\\nRichard Lewis,* Samuel S. Law (murdered by negroes, on the Ogeechee road,\\nthe 3d of November, 1868, while gallantly resisting their advance upon the city),\\nJ. S. F. Lancaster, E. S. Lathrop, W. H. Lammon, W. W. Lincoln, William Latti-\\nmore, H. H. Linnville, J. W. Lathrop, T. H. Lyon, O. R. Lewis, L. J. Leconte, T.\\nR. Lovell, W. H. Lamon, M. C. Lampe,! L. J. Lee, John Lee,* L. J. La Faucheur,\\nG. W. Lavender, W. B. Lawton, D. F. Lafils, E. L. Lathrop, B. Ledley,! A. M.\\nLopez,* John Lamb, L. D. Lathrop, T. D. Lany,! G. Leonardy, John N. Lewis, C.\\nA. Long,* O. A. Lavender,! H. M. Lufbiu-row, O. F. Lufburrow, Robt. Lachlison,\\nJr., Thos. Lyster, T. H. Laird, John Lynch, P. G. Lain, J. E. Lanier, Jesse Lee,\\nT. H. Lane, Thos. McLane, [this soldier, during his imprisonment in Foi-ts\\nDelaware and Columbus, carried around his waist the silk banner presented to his\\ncompany, Montgomery Guards, by the Sisters of Charity, and brought it safely to\\nSiivaunah when exchanged. He died since the war], Joseph Leonardy, John\\nLaffey, John D. Leigh,t J. Lorch, James Larkin, M. Lannon,! Jeremiah Leary,\\nJohn Lovitt, Peter Lacy, P. Lenzer, J. Lohson, John T. Lathrop, I. Lenzer, John\\nLeyton,! A. J. Lebey,! J. L. Legett, E. F. Lester, T. H. Lake, J. W. Langley\\n(drowned while attempting to escape from Fort Powhatan), Wm. P. Lake, Daniel\\nJ. Lehy, J. Leggett,? James Leonard,? Henry Lindner,? C. Larceu,? Abraham\\nLane, E. E. Law, John Lj-nch, James L. Leonard, John Lightburn, Charles Lan-\\nning, James Lynch, J. H. Lee, G. F.Lambach, L. L. Lanier, James F. Lee, A. V,\\nLaEoche, Berry Lane,* M. Lacy, J. M. B. Lesueur, H. C. Lanier,* J. J. Logan,\\nW. W. Lanier, G. C. Lewis, A. B. LaEoche.\\nL. A. McCarthy, W. Matthis, J. M. Matthis, M. 0. Messick, Wm. Matthis,? S.\\n11*", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "12Q HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nD. Mabry, John Morrison, John Murphy, T. A. Murp]ay,J N. J. Bloney, George\\nMcSneed.t John M. JIurray, L. J. Mcintosh, P. ISIullcr, W. J. Marshall, C. H.\\nMorell, T. D. Morell, J. J. Meldrin, W. H. McDowell, L. J. Miller, W. H. McLeod,\\nJ. Maddox (drowned), J. E. Maxwell, W. P. Muller, M. McLaughlin.t C. R. Max-\\nwcll,t J. D. Munnerlyne, J. H. Mcintosh,* A. P. Malloy,* J. P. Mclntyre, J. Me-\\nCann, S. MUlette, S. H. Manning, G. R. McRae, E. W. Miller, J. S. McDonnell, A.\\nW. Mannell, C. M. MiUer, D. McDonald, V. Martin, R. W. Miller, J. McGrath, A.\\nMcAlpine, J. C. Muuuerlyue, W. H. C. Mills, Richard Millen,* J. W. Myddelton,*\\nJohn Maker,* J. C. McNiilty, Oscar McClusky.t P. H. Minis, S. L. Morton,* E.\\nMcComack, S. E. Myddelton, A. McAlpine, R. Mutall, M. Mahon, A. C. Miller, T.\\nP. Miller, R. D. Millen, B. L. McIntosh,t M. McLean,} Geo. F. Mell, A. McHale,\\nL. E. McCarthy, P. J. JluUarky, T. A. Miller, Daniel Moses, Jas. Maxwell, John\\nMcCormick,t A. P. Moon, W. F. May, Charles Moore, J. H. Morris,! John Mason,\\nD. Mason, Allen Moody, t H. McMilleh, Chas. Mortimer, H. C. Jlillor, Joseph\\nMansfield, D. C. Murphy, J. F. McGrath, N. Moore, A. Martin, J. Meaghin, T.\\nMuUigan, W. H. McLeary, J. T. McDnff,* A. McDermott, F. McFeeley, J. N.\\nMoore, A. Meyer, W. Manning, J. Morrison,! J. Masterson, H. Martin, H. Miller,\\nJ. R. Minnis, T. H. McGrath, B. McCarthy,! T. McElliue, Francis McCann, T.\\nMcGinnis, J. H. McCann, T. McCann, J. McCoUoch, r. McKeone, J. McDonald,\\nEd. McNichols,* Jas. McGowan,} Andrew McGriel,+ Timothy Murray.\\nT. D. Neely,! W. P. Newman, B. Newbern,! B. M. Neely, ^y. R. Norris, T.\\nNeasing, T. N. Newall, T. J. Naj-lor, J. Nicholson, Patrick Noon,! Thomas C.\\nNieny, Frederick Nohr, T. S. Norton, J. H. Ncsmith,! E. L. Nease, Thomas\\nNewton, Henry Nelson, W. T. Nash, John Nicholson, J. R. Norton, S. Newman.\\nG. W. Osmond, J. Osmond, jr.,} W. H. Overstreet,! T. O Neal, H. H. O Farrell,\\nT. A. Owens, Jas. O Brien, T. O Leary, P. O Leary, M. O Callahan, Dennis\\nO Quigley, James O Connell, Michael O Connor, Patrick O Reily, Daniel O Sul-\\nlivan, Thos. O Hara, O. Owens, Robt. Ornsby, George Outten,! J. H. O Byrne, M.\\nC. O Grady, John Obsen, H. D. Ogletree, John W. Osteen, Wm. S. Owen, M. J.\\nO Brien, Jas. L. O BjTne, Patrick O Brien,} M. O Byrne, Patrick O Brien.\\nII. M. Paruell,} Thomas Purse, Jr.,* B. S. Purse, W. M. Patterson,* P. Prenty,\\nT. G. Pond, J. J. Preudergast,* Clavius Phillips, J. A. Page, Francis Patat, J. E.\\nPage, W. C. Patten, S. J. Perry,! James Partington, Charles B. Patterson, E. A.\\nParker, E. A. Papi^y C. B. Postell,! P. Pardue,! E. P. Postell,* W. Pope, T. Purse,\\nW. Pearson, Edward Paine, A. E. Patterson, P. D. Phelan,* Ira Pajnie, J. Peal, J.\\nPyne, C. J. Pratt, John H. Pacetti, M. B. Pindar, B. J. Pacctti, John T. Pacetti,\\nJ. F. Padrick, J. H. Polk,} T. P. Peck, C. J. Pratt, J. C. Prendergast, J. M. B.\\nPajay, M. Peyton, M. G. Preudergast, R. A. Pacetti, Dennis Pacetti, George\\nSweat, C. A. Patello, F. G. Pacetti, J. H. Polk, N. T. Pinder, J. B. Pinder, T. P.\\nPeck, James Postell, R. A. Pollard, James G. Pournelle, J. A. Parrish,! E. A.\\nParrish, H. T. Parrish,! H. J. Parrish, Sion H. Pike,! Jno. Paulk,* John Pierce,!\\nThomas Peel, W. C. Patten, A. Pouce,! J. 11. Peck.\\nG. T. Quantock, J. C. Quinn, P. Qiiinau, H. Quinne,* J. Quiuan, H. J. Quautock,!\\nJasper N. Rogers, Wm, H. Rose,} Bradford Ray,} James L. Rowntree,! Hiram\\nRay,* J. Robinson, C. J. Ridding, J. C. Rej-nolds, R. W. Rawlston, W. H.\\nRice,* R. S. Register, J. T. Ray, G. B. Rice, B. J. Rouse,* M. Rowe,! J. B.\\nRoberts, E. F. T. Roland, John Rielly, J. A. Reynolds, F. Rayes, A. M. Richards,\\nJ. B. Ripley, G. Robertson, R. R. Richards, J. Rains, J. T. Roland, J. Rosse, E.\\nA. Rohrer, W. R. Roberts, Geo. Rose, Alex. Raymur, George R. Robertson, J. P.\\nRockley, John Roberts. J. M. Roberts, G. C. Roberts. John G. Rice, Aaron Rice,", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "ROLL OF HONOK.\\n127\\nJ. A. lUuleraon, E. T. Rogers, F. Rogers, Ed. Rielly.t Francis Roache, M. Red-\\nmoud, H. Roberts, 51. Reily, Juo. Reily, AV. R. Ross, O. Roehe,t Jas. Reed.t Jno.\\nRobinson, Paul. Reily, Jas. Rcily, F. Reily, James Redmond, J. F. Rotzer, H. W.\\nKockner, A. L. Robider,J C. R. Read, Jsoali Roe, W. J. Rickerson, Z. B. Reid,\\nOscar W. Reid, L. L. Richardson, L. R. Robey, J. W. Rahn,* Daniel Rambo, Thos.\\nRobinson, Mitchell Roberts,t Elisha Roberts,t Hiram Richardson, Da^ id Roos,\\nJ. Red, I. Rahn,* M. Ryan, P. Ronrke.t J. Robothams,t H. A. Rawhngs, W. B.\\nRiley, W. G. Rye, J. Rothwcll.t C. D. Rogers, T. C. Reyes, I. Rice, M. Rodgers, S.\\nP. Rape,t S. W. Ryan, R. W. Rice, M. W. Rice, J. C. Robbins, J. M. Roberts, J. T.\\nRahn, C. W. Rogers, W. H. Roberts, E. S. Remington, J. Richardson, jr., J. H.\\nRossignoll, C. H. Reid, W. C. Remshart, C. Roberts,t J. Rafferty.t M. Redmoud.t\\nW. C. Shed (drowned), Gilbert H. Sneed, Wm. N. Sneed, James Snllivau, John\\nS lellman, A. L. Shellman, A. H. Shaw,} Ashley M. Shaw,} Charlton H. Shaw,\\nPeter U, Sineath, Geo. W. Sineath, Joseph J. Singuer,* Fred. Sheahan.t W. D.\\nSullivan, H. F. Sj mons, AY. F. Symons,t H. Scrott, L. Salvatere, Eugene Stiles,\\nS. S. Sessions, J. Santrefit, P. H. Santrefit, J. T. Stone, F. R. Sweat,} C. J. Sweat,\\nGeo. Sweat, F. Stanwood, J. A. Santina,* S. Sturtevaut, John Sullivan, John\\nSheridan,! W. S. Smith,t John Smith,} J. Taylor Smith,} S. Syntis,} D. R.\\nStevens,t H. Snyder, W. W. Smith, L. H. Shophard, W. E. Skinner, C. Steuart,\\nP. B. Shay, B. Stonin, J. T. Stone, C. Schlatter, G. P. Screven, D. W. C. Spencer,\\nC. A. Stiles, V/. Starr, S. V. Stiles, J. Shaw, W. C. Stayley, G. R. Smith, W. L.\\nShaffer, W. G. Solomon, A. L. Sammous,} J. S. Spear, J. Sammous,t A. Sajjp,!\\nT. Smith,t J. F. Slade, C. Snbcrait, L. Sheridan, M. Shea, B. Sneed, F. H. Speuce.\\nA. M. Smith, J. Stroud,t G. Simpson, G. W. StrouSjf F. Seagers, I. Seagers,}\\nF. F. Sapp, Lawrence SulUvan, John A. Stevenson, James Saunders, J. Steven-\\nson,! B. Stevenson, E. Scudder, John Schroeder, Thomas Stone,t J. Simiison, B.\\nStarke, J. Shine, R. Simms, Cornehus Sullivan, John Sullivan, J. T. Smith, D.\\nSulUvan, O. SulUvan, James SulUvan, D. P. SulUvan, Hugh Smith, M. Schiue,t\\nMortimer Shea, Michael Scott, R. J. Smith, E. G. Saussj-,t J. B. Sibley, C. A.\\nSagurs, S. Sumner, A. C. Sumner, A. Seaman,! A. J. Sammons, E. W. Samnions,!\\nW. Sumner, W. A. Simpson,! John Simpson, G. N. Saussey,} John A. Sullivan,\\nE. A. Silva,} J. V. Smith, George M. Salfner, M. O. Scott,* H. H. Sharp, C.\\nSchmanch, W. Stephen, C. Shaler,} P. Shafer, J. Selzer,! L. Snee, H. Sheer, F.\\nSehreider, H. Schmidt, J. Schmidt, J. Stejjpens, J. C. Stephens, W. Smith,} A.\\nN. Smith, J. Spell, A. Stokes, T. V. Stokes, A. W. Stokes, J. Stokes, P. Stone, A.\\nB. Stone, E. M. Stibbs, Wm. Skippen,} H. E. Snider, David Smith, N. H. Saxon,\\nA. B. Saxon, T. B. SulUvant, M. Sullivan, Speisseger, J. D. Strobhart, James\\nSmith, W. H. Snider, G. W. Shackelford, I. Smith, W. Smith, C. L. Schreck, B.\\nSanders, E. J. Stone, L. J. Sturdivaut,* John W. Smith, Patrick SulUvan, Wm.\\nStrother,! Benj. Stokes,! W. Shannon,! J. L. Springs,! AY. Snedeker, B. F. SjTiis,\\nG. Street,! K. W. Skipper,! F. SeweU,* T. Smith, C. S. Smith, M. Smith, J. J.\\nSmith, A. C. Scott, jr., H. M. Stoddard, S. H. Stewart, R. B. Slater, J. J. Shephard,\\nH. M. Stoddard, R. B. Sandiford,} B. J. Strickland,! J. A. Sweat, G. W. Stevens,\\nF. A. Sturtevant,} W. B. Sturtevaut,} George P. Snider, J. F. Stone, S. A. SheU,\\nJulius J. Smith, Lewis A. Sessions, Jas. E. Sweat,} Heury Stibbs, Wesley Smith,\\nJ. R. Saussy, M. Slammon, C. Smith, J. H. Silva, F. R. Stone, W. G. Spence, J.\\nL. Solomons, R. W. Stiibbs, Lewis Smith, Wm. Sumner, W. H. Sykes, J. S. Silva,\\nA. W. Silva, J. M. Simpson, C. H. Saussy, H. Smith, jr., C. Smith, P. Siney.\\nGeorge W. Tennant, Chas. H. Thiot,! L. T. Theus, W. A. Thomas, I. L. Toole,\\n11. Truchelut, G. T. Theus, R. H. Tatem. Josiah TattnaU. H. J. Thomason, L. E.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "1^23 HISTORICAL RECORD OP SAVANNAH.\\nTebeau, W. Taylor, George Taylor.t L. Thomas, I. Tyree, S. L. Templeton, J. B.\\nThornton, P. Tippens, M. Thornton,! J. M. Thomas,t Patrick Tiernay, Patrick\\nTracey, Charles H. E. Thorpe, M. Tidwell, H. Tillman, John Triay, Francis B.\\nTarver, \\\\Vm. Thompson, Juo. Tobin, Francis R. Taylor, S. B. TerriU, P. Terry,\\nP. Tigh, Pat. Tuberty, J. H. Tamm, J. Tyler, B. H. Thens,+ B. Turner, Andrew\\nTeynac, Jno. F. Teynac, J. M. Tuten,t H. Tuten,t W. Tuten,t Henry Turner,*\\nWm. C. Thomas,i S. B. Torlay.t Roland Terry, James Toole, F. E. Tebeau,t H.\\nJ. Templeton, J. H. Theatt, W. Taylor, J. Tant, J. J. Thompson, O. J. Tooles,\\nS. T. Thompson,! J. H. Tooles, T. B. Tutle,* W. P. Tmtt,* J. 8. Turner,* E. J.\\nTrutt, W. A. Templeton, G. J. Thomas, E. Tutle, J. R. Thompson, J. C. Thomp-\\nson, E. B. Thompson,! A. E. Tinsley,! C. H. Thiot,t J. D. Tenbroeek, A. V. Toole,\\nJ. Tiernay, A. TomUnson, H. B. Trist, T. N. Theus, W. C. Tuggle, L. W. Thomp-\\nson, J. C. Toler, J. M. J. Thompson, George Turner.\\nM. C. Ulmer, G. C. Ulmer, J. D. Underwood,! G. C. Underwood,! Sanchez\\nUsina, Charles Uuus, J. T. Ulmer.\\nJ. C. Veitch, John Volbcr, J. Vitchen, W. G. Yaughan, Henry VanGieseu, J. R.\\nValleaii, William Van Horn, John H. Vincent, Jesse Vaughan, W. N. Valleau.t\\nJames W. Williams, William D. Williams,! Griffin E. Williams, James M.\\nWilliam.s, E. Berney Williams, John F. White, James H. White,! John C. Wright,\\nJames E. Wells, t Lewis B. Wells, t D. R. AVillis, J. C. Whittington,! Charles\\nWeaver, J. T. Wells, J. J. Ward, J. Wilborne, A. Watson, F. N. Wilkinson, C. N.\\nWest, A. C. Walsh, W. Woodward, H. H. Woodbridge, R. W. Woodbridge, I.\\nWashburne, IT. P. Wade, O. D. Watson,t G. C. Wilson, E. C. Wade.t D. Wells,\\nA. C. Wright, A. P. Wright, Frank WilUs, George Waters,t J. T. Weldon,* C. L.\\nWhiteliurst, H. Waddell, T. C. Whitehurst, J. P. WilUamson, A. M. Wood,* V.\\nWalsh, J. Wylly,t J. M. Wylly,t George Woods, John AVallace, Martin Wall,\\nThomas Waters, t Edward Wright, James Williams, Lester Wallack, John Welsh,\\nCharles Wood, Thomas Waters,! Alexander Williams, H. White, W. B. Wright,\\nThomas Walker, Charles Wljite, Wilham Woods, A. Waters, t P. Whitty, P. Walsh,\\nJames Willis, J. J. Walsh, t William Walsh, Maurice Walsh, Edward Walsh,\\nDennis Walsh,! Jeremiah Walsh, Edward Wickham, C. Wigand, G. D. Wigand,\\nJno. Welsh, Juo. Wiggins,! K. C. Williams, W. D. Weaver, Berrien White, W. W.\\nWest, Frank White, E. G. Wilson,! James Wall,t W. W. Waddell, R. K. Walker,\\nJ. L. Way, A. E. Waller, E. Wilkerson, Ward,t L. Werm,! M. Williams,! W.\\nC. Williams, John Waston, S. Wilson, John Ward, L. Watts,t John WilUs,!\\nJames Winslow, H. Wise, A. Watson, G. W. Williams,! John Welsh,* Thomas A.\\nWilson,* T. E. Waldron, C. Whittel, J. P. K. Walker, J. R. Wray,! T. J. AATiite,\\nGeorge W. Williams,! James Welsh, P. Winbern, Hiram Waller,! Thaddeus\\nWaller, William Waller, Thomas Waiters,* T. Welch, E. Williams, G. C. Wood,\\nA. Watson, P. White, A. Williams, H. W. Wise, I. Wood, J. W. Weed, W. B.\\nWoodbridge, R. W. Wall, F. M. Wall, J. M. Waters, J. M. Weatherly,! J. S.\\nWeatherly, H. J. Wade, B. C. Wagner,! E. H. WilUams, T. S. Wilson, M. Wiggins,\\nJ. H. Watson, F. M. Willis. E. P. Wait, P. C. Wiggins, J. P. Webb, S. Walls, W.\\nL. Wakelee, John Webb,! John H. Wright,! J. P. Williamson, William E. White,\\nA. M. West, G. W. Wilkes,! G. P. Walker, C. W. West, Joseph Washburn, R. G.\\nWilliams, John Wilkes, F. M. Walker, J. N. Wasden, M. J. Williams, Solomon\\nWilkes, J. J. AVilkes, G. B. Willet, W. B. Wylly, William Wade, W. A. Walker.\\nHenry Yo\\\\inge, Frank Yeager, I. Young, D. Yates, William Yokum, WilUam\\nY oung, J. P. Young,* A. J. Y oung, James Yoktim.\\nD. Zittrouer, L. H. Zachary, E. S. Zittrouer, G. Zehubauer, G. A. Zittrouer.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "SAYANMH AS IT IS.\\nStretching along the southern bank of the Savannah river stands\\nSavannah, the Forest City of the Soiith. A sandy plain, fifty feet\\nabove the level of the sea, and about eighteen miles by the course\\nof the river from it, is its site. This plateau, upon which the city\\nrests, is almost a level, being forty-eight feet above the level of the\\nsea at the Pulaski House, fifty feet at the intersection of Mont-\\ngomery and Gwinnett streets, and forty-six feet at the Park at this\\npoint and level commences a ridge or back-bone of dry pine land,\\nextending due south and aptly marked by the AMiite Bluff road,\\nwhich curiously divides the waters of the Ogeechee from the waters\\nof the Vernon rivers. This ground was originally covered with\\ndense forests, which were cleared away very soon after the intro-\\nduction of the Roj al government in 1752. The city is open and\\nspacious, being divided by numerous and wide streets and lanes\\nintersecting each other at right angles, with large squares at regular\\ndistances, adding much to the beaiity and health of the citj In\\naddition to the squares there is a large park (Forsyth Place),\\nembracing ten acres of land, laid oft in the southern part of the\\ncity. The city is well supplied with water and lighted with gas.\\nThe Savannah river, soon after passing the city in its course to\\nthe ocean, is divided into numerous channels by small islands of\\nmarsh, the beautiful and delicate green of which, interspersed in\\nthe waters, affords, when viewed from the northeastern extremity\\nof the bluff on a summer afternoon, one of the softest scenes\\nimaginable.\\nThere is an area of country, determined by two measurements a\\nnorth and south line of nine to ten miles in length and an east and\\nwest line of about the same length which must be of great future\\ninterest to the well-wishers and actual inhabitants of the city of\\nSavannah. This area lies between the Savannah river as a northern\\nlimit, the Ogeechee and Vernon rivers, with their tributaries, as a\\nsouthern limit, the St. Augustine creek and Vernon river as an", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "230 HISTOKICAX KECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\neastern limit, and the great tide-water swamp stretching duo south\\nfrom the Savannah to the Ogeechee river as a western limit. The\\nthoroiigh and complete drainage of this Mesopotamia, now in\\ncontemplation, would add untold wealth to its people and render\\ntheir sanitary condition the most enviable in the world.\\nThis area, on the mid-northern edge of which Savannah rests, is\\nbisected by an elevated piny ridge, upon which run the White\\nBluff and Middle Ground roads. All the waters of the eastern\\nslopes of this water-shed empty into the Vernon river, through a\\nswamp about seven miles long and extending from the Catholic\\ncemetery, on the Thunderbolt road, to the tide-water of Vernon\\nriver at Hanner s bridge and all the waters of the western slopes\\nof this water-shed empty into the Ogeechee river, through a great\\nswamp extending from the dam or back-water of the Si^i-ingfield\\nplantation to this river s channel. Thus this area is drained by\\ntwo long swamps, whose v. aters belong severallj to the Vernon and\\nOgeechee rivers.\\nIt is worthy of note that this western swamp, with all its multi-\\ntudinous ramifications, is a tide-water swamp, subject to a greater\\nor less influx and efflux of water at each tide, and stretching from\\nthe Savannah river to the Ogeechee. Between these points there\\nis a grachial rise of the land to a summit level three to five feet above\\nmean high-water mark, and about the three-mile stone of the\\nOgeechee plank roak, from which summit level the waters have a\\nnatural tendency to flow north to the Savannah river and south to\\nthe Ogeechee. This fact was demonstrated by the inundation of\\nthe Springfield plantation at the time of Sherman s advance ui)on\\nthe city. The swamp waters were backed up to a level five feet\\nabove high-water mark, and would have escaped into the Ogeechee\\nswamp and river but for a dam three feet high erected by the\\nengineer department in a short narrow swamp connecting the two\\ngreat swamps. This is in striking contrast to the Vernon Kiver\\nswamp, which has a steady rise of fourteen feet to the Catholic\\ncemetery. This extensive tide-water swamp is uncleared and uncul-\\ntivated in its whole extent, except immediately upon the western\\nedge of the city of Savannah, where before the year 1820 (the date\\nof the dry-culture contract) an extremely valuable rice plantation\\nexisted, stretching from the river front to a back-vs ater dam, built\\nby the original owner, Joseph Stiles, an Oglethorj)e colonist. This\\ndam is parallel with the most extended southern limit of the citj\\nUnhappily for Savannah the dry-culture contract caused an entire", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "TEMPERATURE OF SAVANNAH. J3J\\nabandoument of these ouce ciiltivated swamp-lauds, aud iu conse-\\nquence tlie ditches, canals, dams, trunks, and gates have all gone\\nto decay, and the last condition of them is ten-fold worse than the\\nfirst. To increase the embarrassment, the high embankments of\\nthe Central railroad and Ogeechee canal divide this plantation iu\\ntwo parts, on the line of Liberty street, aud thus permanently\\niuterceiDt the natural lines of drainage. This Springfield planta-\\ntion contains five hundred acres, aud is a narrow belt of low laud\\nthree hundred yards wide.\\nThese obstacles to the drainage of these lands are, however,\\nformidable only because of the cost of culvertiug the canal and rail-\\nroad, embankments. The outlet of the water has a descent, at low\\nwater, of six feet, aud is, therefore, easy and not involving a great\\nexpense. It is a pleasure and encouragement to the despondent\\nin this matter to recall the draining of the Alban lake by Camillus\\nin the early days of Eome A. U. 350, with its wonderful tunnel or\\nEmissary thi ough the living rock, two and a half miles long, to\\nremember the draining of Lake Velinus into the Nar by Curius\\nDentatus, A. U. 460, who thiis created the beautiful falls of Terni,\\none htmdred and forty feet high, aud thus drained thirty square\\nmiles of territory; aud the di ainiug of Lake Fucinus into the Liris\\nby the Emperor Claudius by an Emissary three miles long, and part\\nof it through carnelian rock. The outlet to the water of Spring-\\nfield is six feet below the level of the land, aud in contrast it is well\\nto call to mind the draining of Harlem lake, thirty-three miles in\\ncircumference, covering forty-five thousand three hiindred acres of\\nland, with a water outlet to the sea twenty feet above the lake a\\nwork begun in 1836 and completed in 1852.\\nBeing a short distance from the sea, and no barrier intervening,\\nthe regular sea breezes easily penetrate to the citj and are received\\nevery day, unless an accidental counter-current of wind prevents\\nit. They are delightful and refreshing at all times during the\\nsummer, and, in consequence of the thorough drainage of the last\\nthree years to the east aud southeast of the city, can be considered\\nat all times wholesome. These breezes are constant and almost\\niinremittiug during the day time iu the months of August and\\nSeptember.\\nSavannah is iu 32 degrees aud some minutes of latitude, with the\\nGulf Stream just issuing from the tropics at no great distance to\\nthe eastward. It is near the isothermal line of 70 degrees mean\\ntemperature, which marks the northern limit of the tropics. The", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "]^32 HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVAXXAH.\\nmean temperature of Savanuali is G6 degrees, and uearlj- approaches\\nthe temperature of Bermuda, 68 degrees; Gibraltar, Spain, 64\\ndegrees; Palermo, Sicilj 66 degrees; Shanghai, China, 66 degrees;\\nMontevideo, S. A., 66 degrees; Cape Town, Africa, 65.8 degrees;\\nSj^dney, Australia, 64.0 degrees.\\nThese circumstances, together with the radiating quality of the\\nsurface of the soil, rendered it in former times very hot. At the\\npresent daj the heats of summer have fallen off to a remarkable\\ndegree. It is seldom that the temperature exceeds 85 degi ees in\\nMay, 90 degrees in June, and 92 degrees in Ai;gust and September.\\nIt is hardly necessary to remind the reader that the heated term of\\nsix weeks north and northwest of the Potomac and Ohio rivers\\nexhibits a temperature from 95 degrees to 105 degrees. The sum-\\nmer comprehends more than one half of the year; it usuallj\\ncommencences in May, and may be said not to terminate until\\nNovember. For although some cool weather occurs in September\\nand October, it is slight and prevails chiefly during the nights.\\nThe cold of winter is not steadilj^ established before the latter\\npart of December or beginning of Januarj Before that time it\\nfluctuates very much. It does not continue steadily beyond the\\nmonth of February; and even in this month the peach tree and\\njessamine have put forth their blossoms; so that the duration of\\nwinter, strictly considering it, does not exceed six weeks.\\nThe reproach of Savannah is a mild malarial poisoning of the\\natmosphere existing from April to November. But the intense\\nmalaria which formerly made July, August, and September a terror\\nboth to strangers and natives, and gave to these months the\\ntitle sickly months, has almost totally ceased. High grade\\nbilious fevers are almost unknown, and congestive chills and con-\\ngestive fevers have been extremely rare in the last three years.\\nDuring this period the very slight mortality of the summer months\\nhas been truly remarkable. With a population of forty-iive thous-\\nand the average number of deaths, whites and colored, was nine-\\nteen for each week of August, 1868, and thirty for each week of Sep-\\ntember, 1868. Measles and scarlet fever have been almost unkno^^^a\\nin the past three years. Tj^phoid fevers were unrecognized in the\\ncategory of diseases in Savannah before 1850. Since that time\\nthey have occasionally occurred. During the recent war this class\\nof disease occurredvery constantly in the experience of physicians.\\nImmediately after the fall of Savannah, and for some mofiths\\nsixbseqtientlj verj- violent cases of cerebro-spinal meningetis oc-", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "HEALTH OF SAVANNAH. ]^33\\nciirrecl in the city.* At the present time it may be safely asserted\\nthat typhoid fevers are extremely rare. Puerperal fevers and puer-\\nl^eral accidents, so common in the northern cities, are comparatively\\nunknown to oiir female population. Cholera infantum, that scourge\\nof children in the Northern cities, is only known by its exceptional\\noccurrence. Consumption does occasionally originate in Savannah,\\nbiit always under the powerftil depressing agency of {not cold as j n\\nthe Xorlh) malaria. It is an accepted fact in the medical world\\nthat an equable temperature is as important to the unfortunate con-\\nsumptive as warmth, and in this particular, from the middle of\\nFebruary to the first of December, Savannah recommends itself\\nremarkably; for, during this period of nearly ten months of the\\nyear, the ranges of temperature are from 70 degrees to 92 degrees,\\nand this variation of 22 degrees is at all times very easy and gradual.\\nUntil the Springfield plantation is drained, however, the prevalence\\nof a mild malarial depression must render Savannah undesirable\\nfor the consumptive.\\nAs each succeeding summer opens upon the city, a vague appre-\\nhension seizes the minds of her peoj^le that an epidemic of yellow\\nfever may be ushered in. Such an apprehension is a misfortune in\\nitself: it argues the belief that this disease has been the constant\\nconcomitant of past summers. This belief is erroneous, as a simple\\nand brief record may readily show. Up to 1820 there is no record\\nof the disease. That it may have existed sporadically and unrecog-\\nnized before this date can not be denied. There is extant a letter\\nof Dr. William E. Waring, a well-known physician of Savannah, of\\ndate 1819, to the distinguished investigator of yellow fever, Dr.\\nChurvin, in which he expresses the belief that yellow fever is only\\na high grade bilious fever. Needless to add that this opinion was\\nchanged in the very next year, when occurred the eiDidemic of\\n1820. It commenced on the 5th of September and was checked on\\nthe 6th of November. The number of deaths were two hundred\\n.After the fall of Savannah Sherman s army, numbering about seventy-five\\nthousand men and an enormous number of animal. remained for a month or\\ntwo within or near the city limits. During the months of February and\\nMarch tlie scavenger department, organized by the United States authorities,\\nmoved from the interior of the city proper five hundred and sixty -eight dead\\nanimals, eight thousand three hundred and eleven cart loads of garbage, and\\nseven thousand two hundred and nineteen loads of manure. To these accu-\\nmulations of deleterious material may be attributed the sickness of that\\nperiod.\\n1-2", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "-|^r HISTORICAL lUCvOlM) OF SAVANNAH.\\naud thiriy-uiue. Not ;i case is recordetl until the epidemic of\\n1827, which was comparatively trifling. From 1830 to 1839 not a\\ncase occiirred in the citJ^ In this year an epidemic occurred in\\nAugusta and Charleston, and a few cases were brought to Savannah.\\nhe year 1839 was one of the sickliest ever known in Savannah. It\\nIS remembered as the drj^est summer on record, and also a very hot\\nsummer. Bilious fevers prevailed in a malignant form, but not\\nyellow fever. In 1840 and 1841 sporadic cases are recorded, but\\nfrom 1843 to 1852 no more cases. In 1852 and 1853 sporadic cases\\nwere noted, and then followed the ei^idemic of 1854, which com-\\nmenced on the 3d of August and was checked during the first\\nweek of November. The number of deaths were 1040.\\nAugust, whites 235; blacks 22\\nSeptember, whites 591; blacks 55\\nOctober, whites 108; blacks 29\\nOf the above the following were from yellow fever\\nAugust, whites 132; blacks 1\\nSeptember, whites 381; blacks 9\\nOctober, whites 67; blacks 4\\nIt is computed that these deaths occurred in a population of six\\nthousand who remained to brave the epdemic.\\nIn each succeeding year after this date rare sporadic case.^i\\noccurred until there broke out the epidemic of 1858, which, in\\ncomparison with that of 1854. was trifling, there being only one\\nhundi ed and fifteen deaths from this cause. There were a few\\ncases in 1861, since which date three, or at most four, sporadic\\ncases have been mentioned in medical circles.\\nIn brief, since the publication of the able work of LeKoche, the\\nixuiversal belief of the medical fraternity is, that the cause of\\nyellow fever is of local origin, and produced by a poison the\\nmixed result of the exhalations or emanations of decaying vege-\\ntable and animal matters, which separately produce the well-known\\nvarieties of malarial and typhoid diseases.\\nA very large number of the deaths vve set clown as having occurred from\\nOther diseases than yellow fever. A great number of cases of yellow fever\\nresulted fatally, the immediate cause being the development of constitutional\\nand other complications of disease. The physicians, in making their reports,\\ngave the immediate cause of the deaths, without mentioning the attack of\\nfever by which the patient had been prostrated. The systems of persons who\\nhave had the fever are very much exposed to the fatal ravages of other dis\\nea.ses during the tedious and precarious process of recovery.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "COMMERCIAL ADVANTAGES OF SAVANNAH.\\n135\\nIt may now saft ly be predicted that the great expansiou of the\\ncity proper, thorough scavenger s work and thorough drainage will\\nin the future prevent yellow fever in Savannah as thoroughly as it\\nhas in Philadelphia.\\nTHE COMMEKCIAl, INTEllESTS AXD ADVANTAGES OF SAVANXAH.\\nThe harbor of Savannah is capacious and well protected. The\\nbar, outside of the mouth of the river, is about twenty miles from\\nthe city, and has on it a greater depth of water than on any on the\\nSouthern coast. The channel is from a half to three quarters of a\\nmile in width. Just inside of the bar is situated Tybee island,\\nabreast of which, about four miles from the bar, is good anchorage\\nin five to six fathoms of water. From this anchorage-ground to\\nVeni;s Point (nine miles from the city) there is a dejith of nine-\\nteen feet, and from the Point to the city seventeen feet of water.\\nThere is a floating light off Martin s Industry, aboiit fifteen\\nmiles northeast of Tybee, moored in six fathoms; two light-houses\\non Tybee island, the principal one of which is on a sti-ucture one\\nhundi ed and fifty-two feet high, the other is a beacon light fifty-six\\nfeet high; a light-house on Cockspur island, five miles inside of\\nthe bar, and another on the oyster-beds, six miles inside; and\\nanother on the eastern end of Fig island. There are also lights\\nplaced at the obstructions in the river, and another iipon the east-\\nem end of the bluflf.\\nThe limited amount of wharf front to the citj will in a short time\\nnecessitate an increased accommodation to meet the wants of the\\ngi owing commerce of the city. General Edward C. Anderson, the\\nMayor of the city, in his annual report, refers to this want, and\\nsays that sufficient accommodation can be attained by an extension\\nof the line of wharves below Willink s ship-yard, where the water\\nis deep, or, by means of the powerful di edge machine now in\\nthe river, widening, deepening, and wharfiug the Ogeechee canal\\nfrom the lock to the Central Railroad bridge, and converting it into\\na basin for shi^DS. The distance between the two points named is\\nthree thousand and seventy-eight feet on either bank, amounting to\\nsix thousand one hundred and fifty-six feet in all, or an equivalent\\nAbout thirty years ago a committee was appointed by the Secretary of the\\nNavy to examine the bars from Charleston, S. C, to St. Marys, Ga., and. reported:\\nThe bar at the mouth of the Savannah river is the deepest and most accessible\\nany on the Southern coast. The average depth is nineteen feet at low water;\\n;.i;uee with a full tide (twenty-five feet) a frigate may pass in safety.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "236 HISTOEICAL KECORD OF SAVANNAH,\\nof nearly one mile and a qnarter of additional wharf accommodation\\nto the city. The present width of the canal is one hundred and\\nthirty feet, which, without difficulty, could be increased to one\\nhundred and eighty feet, or two hundred feet, and deepened to any\\nextent that might be deemed desirable. The project is suggested\\nfor the consideration of capitalists. Judiciously carried out, and\\nwith a line of rail track on either side of the basin running up to\\nthe railroad bridge from the river, it would afford an admirable\\nlocation for the Cotton Presses, and doiibtless prove a profitable\\ninvestment to all parties undertaking it, as well as an essential ac-\\ncommodation to the pros2:)ective business interests of Savannah.\\nShortly after the settlement of Savannah she became of consider-\\nable importance along the Atlantic coast, and previous to the Revo-\\nlutionary war her exports became somewhat equal to her natural\\nadvantages. Not, however, until the advent of cotton culture was\\nher position assumed, and for many years after its introduction her\\nolder rival, Charleston, overshadowed her efforts at advancement,\\ncontrolling, by her enterprise and wealth, a larger portion of the\\nsea island, and the whole of the Florida trade, and even penetrat-\\ning through the inland route to the rice lands around Savannah,\\nthe products of which were in many instances sent there for sale.\\nUp to the building of the Central railroad. Savannah was behind\\nher more wealthy neighbor, and even long after, but it soon became\\napparent that the new road was to give Savannah an impetus not\\nto be rivalled if properly fostered. Thus year by year, as road\\nafter road was completed, opening \\\\ap the State and pouring its\\nl^roducts into the lap of Savannah, her merchants reaped the reward\\ndue them for their foresight, zeal, and enterprise, which have\\nmade their city the second cotton port of the country.\\nThe permanent establishment of the line of steamers from Savan-\\nnah to Liverpool will materially assist iu developing this city and\\nGeorgia, and every encouragement should be given to the enter-\\nprise by the merchants and business men in all parts of Georgia,\\nand by our railroads. Another project for which the capitalists of\\nSavannah must bid, is the Southern Pacific railroad, of which some\\nsurvey is now being made. The northern route is found to be\\nbeset with difficulties in winter, and the parties interested in the\\nroad are looking toward the establishing gf the southern line with\\na great degree of interest. Their attention, and that of others\\ninterested, is called to the article on the subject under the head of\\nThe Central Railroad.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCES. 137\\nDEVELOPMENT OF KESOUKCES.\\nThe course of Savannah is manifestly onward, and with the exer-\\ncise of that energy the prond rnoauments of which are seen on every\\nhand, will shortly place her in the position to which she is entitled\\nby her fine harbor, her railroads, and the extensive and fertile back\\ncountry, the products of which must find exit from her harbor.\\nThe gradual development of the resources of Savannah will be\\nexhibited by the following figures, showing her exports for the\\nyears 1749, 1750, 1753, 17G3, 1773, 1786, 1796, 1800, 1818, 1821, 1825\\n1826, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845, 1846, 1847, 18-54, 1855,\\n1856, 1857, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868:\\nIn 1749, when the first exports from the colony were made, the\\nvalue was $10,000.\\nIn 1750, the exports amounted in value to $8,897.\\nIn 1753, 2,996 barrels of rice, 9,395 pounds of indigo, 268 pounds\\nof silk, which, with the peltry, lumber, and provisions exported,\\namounted in value to \u00c2\u00a774,785.\\nIn 1763, 7,500 barrels of rice, 9,633 pounds of indigo, 5,000\\nbushels of Indian corn, a large quantity of lumber, peltry, and\\nprovisions were exjDorted, amounting in value to $193, 395.\\nIn 1773, the value of exports was $379,422.\\nIn 1786, the value was $321,377.\\nIn 1796, $501,383.\\nIn 1800, $2,155,982.\\nIn 1818,* $14,183,113.\\nIn 1821, $6,032,862.\\nThe following statement shov/s the amount of the staple articles\\nexported to foreign jDorts and coastwise\\nIn 1825, 64,906 bags of cotton, and 2,154 tierces of rice, foreign;\\n72,789 bags of cotton, and 5,081 tierces of rice, coastwise.\\nIn 1826, 1C S,486 bags of cotton, and 4,978 tierces of rice, foreign;\\n82,092 bags c f cotton, and 6,477 tierces of rice, coastwise.^\\nIn 1839, 199,176 bags of cotton, and 21,322 tierces of rice.\\nIn 1840, 284,249 bags of cotton, and 24,392 tierces of rice.\\nIn 1818 the exports were larger and the articles commanded a higher price\\nthan at any previous time, and for many years afterward. The large decrease\\nin the number, and consequently the value of the exports in 1821, is due to\\nthe yellow fever in the fall of 1820, during which all business was suspended,\\nand from the effects of which tlie business interests of the city did not recover\\nfor a year or two. The imports in 1818 were valued at $2 ,976 .257 and in 1821\\nat $865,146.\\n12*", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "138 HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nIn 1841, 147,280 bags of cotton, 23.587 tierces of rice, and 14,295,-\\n200 feet lumber.\\nIn 1842, 142,386 baRS of cotton, 5,933 tierces of rice, and 5,919,-\\n400 feet of lumber, foreign; 79,868 bags of cotton, 16,131 tierces of\\nrice, and 2,471,000 feet of lumber, coastwise.\\nIn 1843, 193,099 bags of cotton, 10,675 tierces of rice, and 5,532,-\\n750 feet of lumber, foreign; 87,727 bags of cotton, 15,606 tierces of\\nrice, and 1,986,800 feet of lumber, coastwise.\\nIn 1844, 130,964 bags of cotton, 10,307 tierces of rice, and 3,034,-\\n064 feet of lumber, foreign; 113,611 bags of cotton, 18,236 tierces\\nof rice, and 2,889,187 feet of lumber, coastwise.\\nIn 1845, 182,073 bags of cotton, 11,712 tierces of rice, and 3,333,-\\n646 feet of lumber, foreign; 122,471 bags of cotton, 17,505 tierces\\nof rice, and 4,936,936 feet of lumber, coastwise.\\nIn 1846, 77,852 bags of cotton, 5,025 tierces of rice, and 13,365,-\\n968 feet of lumber, foreign; 108,454 bags of cotton, 27,122 tierces\\nof rice, and 5,219,676 feet of lumber, coastwise.\\nIn 1847, 119,321 bags of cotton, 10,218 tierces of rice, and 48.-\\n886,425 feet of lumber, foreign; 114,830 bags of cotton. 21,521\\ntierces of rice, and 5,844,960 feet of lumber, coastwise.\\nIn 1854, 98,580 bales of iipland, and 3,861 bales of sea island\\ncotton, foreign; 203,363 bales of upland, and 11,667 bales of sea\\nisland cotton, coi^stvise\u00e2\u0080\u0094 total value, $15,681,806. 7,654 casks of\\nrice, foreign; 23,094 casks of rice, coastwise valued at $700,000.\\n27,353,600 feet of lumber, foreign; 22,502,100 feet of lumber, coast-\\nwise\u00e2\u0080\u0094 vahied at $500,000. Sundries, such as wheat, flour, wool,\\nmanufactures, hides, peltries, copper ore, tallow, beeswax, drugs,\\nc., exported, were valued at $1,000,000. Grand total value of\\nexjiorts, $17,881,806. Tonnage of vessels cleared and entered,\\n377,876; 131,033 foreign and 246,843 coastwise.\\nIn 1855, 178,194 bales of upland, and 6,993 bales of sea island\\n-cotton, foreign; 195,714 bales of upland, and 7,474 bales of sea\\nisland cotton, coastwise valued at $17,766,215. 5,149 casks of\\nrice, foreign; 3,071 casks of rice, coastM ise valued at $213,798.*\\n19,004,308 feet of lumber, foreign; 6,495,692 feet of lumber, coast-\\nwise valued at $255, 000. f 423,375 bushels of wheat, coastwise\\nThe crop this year was nearly destroyed by the gale in September, 18 4,\\nhence the small quantity exported in this year. The scarcity, of course,\\nincreased its value, consequently the increase in value as compared with 1854.\\nt The yellow fever in the fall of 1854 (occurring at the time when the trade\\nin lumber is extensive) prevented the rafting of lumber to market, henco\\nthe decrease of exports of this article, as compared with the year previous,\\namounting to nearly fifty per cent.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "I EVELOPMENT OF RESOURCES. 13f\\nvalued at 5719,737. 31,632 boxes of copper ore, coastwise\u00e2\u0080\u0094 valued\\nat $474,480. Sundries\u00e2\u0080\u0094 valued at S700,000. Total value of ex-\\nports, $20,129,230. Tonnage of vessels cleared and entered, 510,-\\n475; 151,136 foreign and 3.59,339 coastwise.\\nIn 1856, 177,182 bales of upland, and 8,138 bales of sea island cot-\\nton, foreign; 200,426 bales of upland, and 7,346 bales of sea island\\ncotton coastwise\u00e2\u0080\u0094 valued at $19,100,000. 7,880 casks of rice, for-\\neign; 22,027 casks of rice, coastwise\u00e2\u0080\u0094 valued at $780,000. 21,500,-\\n000 feet of lumber, foreign; 13,387,500 feet of lumber, coastwise-\\nvalued at $350,000. 325,000 bushels of M-heat, coastwise valued\\nat $445,000. 23,500 boxes copper ore, coastwise valued at $352,-\\n500. Sundries- valued at $1,000,000. Total value of exports,\\n$22,027,500. Tonnage of vessels cleared and entered, 448,780;\\n157,088 foreign and 291,692 coastwise.\\nIn 1857, 152,228 bales of upland, and 6,611 bales of sea island\\ncotton, foreign; 158,791 bales of upland, and 10,028 bales of sea\\nisland cotton, coastwise. 6,787 casks of rice, foreign; 20,749 casks\\nof rice, coastwise. 36,752,502 feet of lumber, foreign; 7,990,568\\nfeet of lumber, coastwise. 354,333 bushels of wheat, and 11,715\\nboxes of copper ore, coastwise. Total value of all of these exports,\\nincluding sundi-ies, $22,500,000.\\nIn 1858, 159,141 bales of upland, and 8,561 bales of sea island\\ncotton, foreign; 117,680 bales of upland, and 7,447 bales of sea\\ni.sland cotton, coastwise. 7,284 casks of rice, foreign; 24,061 casks\\nof rice, coastwise. 19,611,391 feet of lumber, foreign; 8,754,265\\nfeet of lumber, coastwise. 326,777 bushels of wheat, coastwise.\\n3,202 boxes of copper ore, coast wise.\\nIn 1859, 253,743 bales of upland, and 8,298 bales of sea island\\ncotton, foreign; 198,523 bales of upland, and 8,489 bales of sea\\nisland cotton, coastwise. 6,836 casks of rice, foreign; 31,294 casks\\nof rice, coastwise. 29,384,315 feet of lumber, foreign; 9,-543,669\\nfeet of lumber, coastwise. 136,484 bushels of wheat.\\nIn 1860, 307,579 bales of upland, and 6,505 bales of sea island\\ncotton, foreign\u00e2\u0080\u0094 valued at $17,210,168. 6,790 tierces of rice, for-\\neign\u00e2\u0080\u0094valued at $148,300. 20,723,350 feet of lumber, foreign-\\nvalued at $400,151. Total value of exports to foreign ports, $17,-\\n798,922.\\nIn 1861, 1862, 1863, and 186 K the port was blockaded, conse-\\nqiiently there were no exports or imports during these years, except-\\ning what was run through the blockade, of which no account can\\nbe given.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "140 HISTORICAL EECOED OF SAVANNAH.\\nIn 1865 the exportations (the property of the Confederate States\\nand of the citizens of Savannah) was carried on exchisively by the\\nofficers and men of the United States governmeni in its ships.\\nUnited States officers, late in December, 1864, seized all the cotton\\nand numerous other articles (whether the property of the Con-\\nfederate government or of the citizens mattered little) and shipj^ed\\nthe cotton to New York and the other iiluuder to their northern\\nhomes.\\nIn 1866, commencing July 1st and ending June 30th, 1867,\\n103,317 bales of upland, and 7,676 bales of sea island cotton,\\nforeign; 140,396 bales of upland, and 6,700 bales of sea island\\ncotton, coastwise valued at $37,495,173. 6,060 casks of rice, coast-\\nwise\u00e2\u0080\u0094valued at $363,300. 19,660,000 feet of lumber, foreign; 15,-\\n496,000 feet of lumber, coastwise\u00e2\u0080\u0094 valued at $765,006. 87 tons\\nof manganese (new export) valued at $2,052. 12,393 bales of\\ndomestics valued at $1,858,950. 1,221 bales of wool valued at\\n$91,575. 10,801 barrels of naval stores\u00e2\u0080\u0094 valued at $129,612. Sun-\\ndries, including junk valued at $519,821. Total value of exports,\\n$41,225,488. Tonnage of vessels cleared and entered, 820,991;\\n105,401 foreign and 715,590 coastwise.\\nIn 1868, ending June 30, 256,669 bales of upland, and 6,680\\nbales of sea island cotton, foreign; 234,434 bales of upland, and\\n5,190 bales of sea island cotton, coastwise. 22,844,387 feet of\\nlumber, foreign; 9,152,000 feet of lumber, coastwise. 4,291 casks\\nof rice, coastwise. Value of sundries, foreign, $26,146; value of\\nsundries, coastwise, $43,000. 9,774 bales of domestics, coastwise.\\n981 bales of wool, coastwise. 92,540 bushels of wheat, coastwise.\\n10,593 barrels of flour, coastwise. 70,046 hides, and 12,201 barrels\\nof rosin and turpentine, coastwise. 1,132 hogsheads of clay, coast-\\nwise. 467 rolls of leather, coastwise. Total value of exports, $50,-\\n226,209.\\nIn 1868, for the quarter ending September 30, the value of exports\\nwere, $3,649,812; $382,602 foreign and $3,267,210 coastwise.\\nThe following accounts of the railroad and steamship and steam-\\nboat lines will give the reader a better idea of the commerci u\\nadvantages of Savannah and her future prospects than would Dj\\nfurnished by numberless pages of speculative articles.\\nTHE GEORGIA CENTE-IL KAILEOAD.\\nIn 1834 an experimental survey was made under the direction of\\nColonel Cruger, at the request and cost of the city of Savannah, to", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "1\\nCEORGBA CENTRAL\\nRAILROAD,\\nAND ITS CONNECTIONS.\\n[From Applotons KaUwny Gul le.l", "height": "3185", "width": "4581", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "GEOKGIA CENTRAL RAILROAD. ]^^J\\nascertaiu the most practicable route to Macou. In 1835 the Central\\nRailroad and Banking company of Georgia was organized, and in\\n1836 commenced operations. In May, 1838, sixty-seven miles were\\ngraded, and the superstructure laid twenty-six miles from the\\ncity, to which point engines were running. In Jiily passenger\\ntrains began running regularly, at once yielding an income to the\\ncompauj^ On the 13th of May, 18 i3, the track was complete to\\nthe depot in Macon, and a train passed over the whole line, one\\nhundred and ninety miles. To the untiring zeal and administrative\\nability of AV. W. Gordon, Esq. (the president of the road), ably\\nassisted by Thomas Purse, Esq., is the State indebted for the com-\\npletion of its greatest enterprise.\\nThe depot of the company in Savannah is situated in the south-\\nwestern portion of the city, and, with its warehouses and machine-\\nshops, occupies a tract of five acres of land, bestowed upon the\\ncomj)any by the City Council of Savannah. The buildings for the\\naccommodation and requii ements of the road in Savannah are\\nupon the most extensive scale, and second to none, in extent and\\ncompleteness, in the United States. The road-track, depots, c.,\\noutside of Savannah, were destroyed by Sherman s army, but were\\nreplaced soon after the war.\\nAn examination of the map of Georgia and the contiguous States\\nwill show that no internal improvement could be devised for greater\\ngeneral benefit to the commercial world than the Georgia Central\\nrailroad, extending, as it vdU eventually, its iron arms to the Pacific\\nocean. Its present connections and ramifications are from Savan-\\nnah to Macon, one hundred and ninety miles, thence by the South-\\nwestern and Muscogee railroad to Columbus, one hundred miles,\\nwith the Columbus and Opelika railroad to Opelika, on the Mont-\\ngomery and West Point railroad, twenty-eight miles, thence to\\nMontgomery, sixtj^-four miles, where connections are made with\\nsteamers at all landings on the Alabama river. Mobile, and New\\nOrleans, or by rail with the Mobile and Montgomery railroad to\\nMobile, one hundred and eighty-six miles, thence by steamer to New\\nOrleans. A short line of rail between Montgomery and Selma is\\nonly needed to complete a continuous railroad line to Vicksburg,\\nMississippi. At Millen, seventy-nine miles from Savannah, the\\nroad connects with the Augusta and Savannah railroad to Augusta,\\nfifty-three miles, thence with the Georgia railroad to Atlanta, one\\nhundred and seventy-one miles, with the Western Atlantic railroad\\nto Chattanooga, Tennessee, one hundred and thirty-eight miles,", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "142 HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nthere conuectiug with the Georgia and East Tennessee raih-oatl\\nnorthward, throtigh Tennessee and Virginia, to New York. The road\\nalso connects at Augusta with the South Carolina road, and passen-\\ngers can have the choice of two routes through South Carolina,\\nNorth Carolina, and Virginia to Washington, through Maryland,\\nDelaware, and Pennsylvania to New York city. At Chattanooga\\nwith the Nashville and Chattanooga railroad to Stevenson, thirty-\\neight miles, thence by the Memphis and Charleston railroad to\\nMemphis, Tennessee, two hundred and seventy-two miles. At\\nGordon, one hundred and seventy miles from Savannah, a branch\\nof the Central railroad connects with the Milledgeville and Eaton-\\nton railroad to Eatontou, thirty-eight miles. At Macon with the\\nMacon and Western railroad to Atlanta, one hundred and three\\nmiles, thence with the Georgia railroad northward. At Atlanta\\nwith the Atlanta and West Point railroad to West Point, eighty-\\nseven miles, thence with the Montgomery and West Point railroad\\nto Montgomery, eighty-eight miles, thence southward to Mobile.\\nAt Macon it also connects with the Georgia railroad to Eufaiila,\\nAlabama, one hundred and forty-three miles, there connecting\\nwith steamers on the Chattahoochee river to the Gulf of Mexico.\\nA branch of the Southwestern railroad from Smithville to Albany,\\ntwenty-three miles, connects with steamers on the Flint river to\\nthe Chattahoochee river and Giilf of Mexico. Another branch of\\nthe Southwestern railroad extends from Cuthbert to Fort Gixines,\\non the Chattahoochee river, twenty miles. Again, at Macon the\\nCentral railroad connects with the Brunswick and Macon railroad\\nto Hawkinsville, fifty miles. Another branch of the Southwestern\\nrailroad from Columbus, Geoi gia the Mobile and Girard railroad\\nextends to Thomasville, Alabama, sixty-three miles.\\nThe Central railroad has, as stated, a continuous line, with the\\nexception of a short gap, to Vicksburg, which will most probably\\nbe the connecting point of the Southern Pacific route with the roads\\nleading to the Atlantic coast. The President of the Vicksburg and\\nMeridian railroad (which traverses the State of Mississipi due east\\nand west, and is the link connecting on the inland route the Missis-\\nsippi river with the States of Alabama, Georgia, and Florida), in his\\nannual report, speaking of the Southern Pacific route, says that\\nthe shortest line from the Mississippi river to the Atlantic ocean\\nis from Vicksburg to Savannah, six hundred and seventy-three\\nmiles, and if the passenger trains were run at twenty-five miles an\\nhoiir, the time between these two cities woTild be twenty-seven", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "CtEorgia ckntkal railroad. Xj.3\\nhours, aud for freight trains, runuing at twelve miles au hour, the\\ntime v. oukl be about fifty-six hours. The Montgomery and Selm;^\\nconnection (of forty-four miles) is now the great desideratum for at\\nonce securing to this line that valuable passenger business for\\npoints east of Selma, and we are gratified to learn that C. J.\\nPollard, the distinguished and able President of the Montgomery\\nroads, has finally succeeded in making reliable arrangements for\\nthe speedy completion of the Montgomery and Selma road. That\\nline must eventually be a portion of the main passenger route\\nfor the great travel from Texas and Louisiana, and a large portion\\nof Mississippi, to the States of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South\\nand North Carolina. The Vicksburg, Shreveport, and Texas rail-\\nroad starts fi-om the west bank of the Mississippi, opposite Vicks-\\nburg. It passes through Monroe, on the Ouachita, and Shreveport,\\non the Ked river, and has its terminus at the Texas State line,\\neighteen miles west of Shreveport. Monroe is seventj^-five miles\\nfrom Vicksburg, and Shreveport about one hundred and ninety.\\nPrevious to the war the road was built, equipped, and in successful\\noperation between Monroe and the Vicksburg terminus, bringing\\non its trains a considerable amount of valuable business to Vicks-\\nburg and passengers for the Vicksburg and Meridian railroad.\\nThe road was built from Shreveport to the Texas line, eighteen\\nmiles, at which point the Southern Pacific railroad commences,\\nand from thence runs to Marshall, in Texas. Twenty-four miles\\nof tliat portion of the Southern Pacific road has already been built,\\nequipped, and pvit in operation. With railroad connection estab-\\nlished between Vicksbiirg and Shreveport, there would be at once\\na great increase of travel and trade seeking exit at Savannah, with\\nthe completion of the Montgomeiy and Selma road.\\nThe time by rail from Shreveport to Vicksburg woiild be about\\nten hours; and, as a matter of economy, both in time and money,\\nwe would get all the New Orleans travel from that direction. A\\nlarge amount of Texas and Louisiana cotton, of beef cattle, aud\\nalso of Texas wheat the latter forty to sixty days earlier than it is\\nelsewhere ready for market would be brought to Vicksburg for\\nsale and transhipment. Then the travel from all northern, eastern,\\nand central Texas, going to points east, northeast, and southeast\\nfrom Vicksburg, would take this route and vice versa. Sooner or\\nlater these important eastern connections will be completed, consti-\\ntuting a main trunk line, stretching from the Atlantic, at Savannah,\\nvia the Southern Pacific railroad, to San Diego and San Franci-sco", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "1^^ HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\non the PaciJftc, and will eventually become the grand avenue of the\\nworld s travel and traffic. This route has been carefully surveyed\\nand foimd to be the shortest, most eligible, and advantageous in\\nevery particular, that can be constructed between the two oceans.\\nThe shortest distance and time, on this line, from ocean to ocean,\\nwill be from San Diego to Savannah, two thousand and seventy-\\ntwo miles, or one hundred and three hours railroad time, esti-\\nmating the speed at twenty miles an hour. To Charleston, two\\nthousand one hundred and eighty-four miles, one hundred and\\nnine hours; and to Norfolk, two thousand five hundred and thirty-\\none miles, one hundred and twenty-six hours, railroad time.\\nPossessing such superior climatic advantages over the more\\nnorthern route, being on a latitudinal line between the thirty-second\\nand thirty-third degrees from Savannah to San Diego, with the\\nadditional advantage of a shorter distance, must make this the pre-\\nferred route for travel and traffic between the Pacific and Atlantic\\nseaports. The advantages which will flow from such a continental\\nand latitiidinal line can not be estimated or overestimated, and\\nmust be obvious to the most obtuse.\\nBy the laws of trade, the transportation of merchandise, as well\\nas people, will adopt that route which most fully combines the\\nrecommendations of speed, cheapness, safety, and comfort, and\\nthis will be the line that will most fully meet those requirements.\\nShip loads of teas, silks, spices, and other valuable Asiatic articles\\nof commerce destined for Europe, will be shipped via California,\\nand then by rail over this grand continental and always open and\\navailable line to Savannah, for reshipment to European ports\\nmaking the voyage from Canton, China, to Savannah in about\\ntwenty-three daj s to New York in twenty-four days and to Lon-\\ndon in from thirty-five to forty days, against two hundred days\\nfrom Canton to New York, and aboiit the same time from Canton\\nto Liverpool by sea.\\nThe comi^letion of the Montgomery and Selma connection of\\nforty-four miles, and about one hundred and ninety miles from\\nMonroe, Louisiana, to Shreveport, would force the early completion\\nof the Southern Pacific railroad, and place at once direct, exi^e-\\nditious, and ample steamship communications fi om Savannah to all\\nthe important European ports. The establishment of such a direct\\nand speedy intercoui-se between the Chinese ports. Savannah, and\\nNew York, via California, would revolutionize the commerce of\\nEurope and America with China the soiithern direct lines would", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "ATLANTIC AND GULF RAILROAD.\\n145\\ntheu be the carriers between the Atlantic and Pacific of the travel\\nand trade from Europe to China, and from China to Europe, which\\nnow takes a voyage of months to accomplish.\\nThe officers of the Central road are Colonel William M. Wadley,\\nPresident Colonel J. F. Waring, Acting Master of Transportation\\nColonel William M. Wadley, Andrew Low, John E. Wilder, William\\nB. Johnston, General J. F. Gilmer, George W. Wylly, John Cun-\\nningham, Edward Padelford, and George W. Anderson, Directors.\\nATLANTIC AND GULF EAILEOAD.\\nThe depot grounds of this road are in the southeastern portion\\nof thef city, fronting on Liberty and East Broad streets, and contain\\nover eighty acres of land, well situated for the purpose and afford-\\ning ample room for the future requirements of the company.\\nThis road is the main thoroughfare connecting Savannah with\\nFlorida, southern and southwestern Georgia, and eastern Alabama.\\nIt extends to Bainbridge, on the Flint river, a distance of two\\nhiindi-ed and thirty-seven miles. Blackshear, in Pierce county,\\nHomersville, in Clinch county, Valdosta, in Lowndes county, Quit-\\nman, in Brooks countj^ and Thomasville, are all thriving centres\\nof local trade, and are the county seats of the respective counties\\nin which they are situated. Bainbridge, the present terminus of\\nthe road, bids fair to become a considerable town. A number of\\nsteamers are employed in the river trade, and a large part of the\\nbusiness of Columbus, Eiifaula, and Fort Gaines, and of the country\\nlying adjacent to the Flint, Chattahoochee, and Aiialachicola rivers,\\npasses through this jilace to Savannah.\\nThe system of railroads in Florida is connected with Savannah\\nby a branch road forty-eight miles in length, extending from Law-\\nton, one hundred and thirty-two miles from Savannah, to Live Oak,\\non the Pensacola and Georgia raili-oad. Over this route the greater\\npart of the produce of Florida is carried to market, and the facili-\\nties of communication which it affords have done much to bring\\ninto general notice the remarkable advantages of this delightful\\nregion, which year by year is becoming more frequented by tourists,\\ninvalids, and persons interested in the culture of tropical fruits.\\nAnother branch road is now being located from Thomasville to\\nAlbany, fifty-seven miles, which will be the connecting link between\\nthe Southwestern and Atlantic and Gulf railroads.\\nThe Macon and Biamswick railroad, now under construction,\\ncrosses this road at a point fifty-six miles from Savannah.\\n13", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "146\\nHISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nBy examiniug the acconipanj ing map tlie reader will see how-\\nlarge an area of country is tributary to this enterprise. A correct\\nestimate of its valiie to Savannah can only be found after a knowl-\\nedge of the motives which led to its construction.\\nThe first organization was effected in 1853, under the title of the\\nbavannah and Albany railroad. Dr. John P. Screven, who was\\npresident, until his death, of the several corporations now merged\\nin the present company, was a prime mover in the project; to his\\nenergy and foresight the State of Georgia and the city of Savan-\\nnah are in a great measure indebted for this enduring monument\\nof their public spirit and wisdom. With the name of Dr. Screven\\nmust be joined that of Colonel Nelson Tift, the earliest i^rojector of\\nrailroads in southwestern Georgia, and the present representa-\\ntive from that part of the, State to the United States Congress.\\nMessrs. John Stoddard, Hfffe Roberts, William Duncan, H. D.\\nWeed, and Dr. E. D. Ai-nold, who were on the Board of Directors\\nas at first organized, are still Directors of the Atlantic and Gulf\\nRailroad company.\\nIn 1854 the name of the company was changed to the Savannah,\\nAlbany, and Gulf Railroad company. The immediate importance\\nto the city of Savannah of securing the business of southern\\nGeorgia and Florida was so evident that it was determined to\\nattain this object before completing the grand project at first\\nintended, viz: the construction of an air line from Savannah to\\nPensacola or Mobile. A subscription of one million dollars was\\nobtained from the city, and from this policy ensued the construction\\nof the present line to Bainbridge. Many difficulties were experi-\\nenced in consequence of the existence of a scheme to build a road\\nfrom Brunswick through the same country. These difficulties were\\nat length adjusted by leaving the construction of the line west of\\nScreven station, sixty-eight miles from Savannah, to a company\\norganized for the purpose, under the name of the Atlantic and Gulf\\nRaUroad company, for which State aid was obtained, amounting to\\none million dollars (the city of Savannah also subscribing two hun-\\ndred thousand dollars). The Savannah, Albany, and Gulf Railroad\\ncompany was consolidated with this company in 1863.\\nThe beginning of the late war found the road completed to\\nThomasville, two hundred miles from Savannah, where further\\nprogress was arrested until the siimmer of 1867. The work was\\nthen resumed and the road opened to Bainbridge in December of\\nthat year.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2710", "width": "3514", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "SAVANNAH, SKIDAWAY, AND SEABOARD RAILROAD. J^y\\nIn these seven years the enterprise passed through many trials.\\nThe existence of M ar prevented the company from deriving any\\nprofit from their property, which at the collapse of the Southern\\nConfederacy was almost a ruin. For nearly one third of the\\nlength of the road the track was torn up and the depots and\\nbridges burned. The resources of the company thus destroyed,\\nit was with difficulty that the work of reconstruction was com-\\nmenced in October, 1865, and the road reopened for business in\\nMarch, 1866. In 1866 the construction of the Florida branch was\\nresumed and completed in October of that year.\\nFrom this brief statement the reader may judge of the fut are\\nprospect of this great project originated by a few thoughtful and\\npublic-spii ited men, solely for the aggi andizement of the State\\nof Georgia and of its metropolis, carried forward through political\\nand financial difficulties that threatened its very existence, its\\nproperty rendered useless, and its business disorganized by war\\nand its attendant calamities, yet reviving with the return of peace,\\nto be pressed forward with renewed vigor as the opportunity\\noffered, never failing to serve the purpose for which it was origi-\\nnally intended.\\nExtending, as this road does, directly west from the most western\\nAtlantic seaport, its advantages in connection with that great\\nSouthern Pacific road, which must be one day built, are obvious\\nat the first glance upon the map.\\nFrom its Florida terminus a line through southern Florida to\\nTampa will furnish a practicable roiite to Cuba and South America,\\nterminating as it will upon what Colonel Screven has so aptly\\ndesignated as the great wharf-head which nature has constructed\\nbetv/een the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico.\\nThe officers of this road are John Screven, President Henry S.\\nHaines, General Superintendent; D. Macdonald, Treasurer.\\nThe Board of Directors are John Screven, Jno. Stoddard, Henry\\nD. Weed, W. H. Wiltberger, Hiram Koberts, William Duncan, R. D.\\nArnold, Charles Green, E. C. Anderson, Octanis Cohen, J. L. Villa-\\nlonga, J. W. Spain, A. T. Mclntyre, B. F. Bruton, C. J. Munnerlyn.\\nTHE SAVANNAH, SKIDAWAY, AND SEABOAKD RAILROAD.\\nOn the 20th of December, 1866, the General Assembly of the\\nState of Georgia granted a charter to William E. Symons and James\\nJ. Waring, for Skidaway island; George W. Wylly and Joseph S.\\nlaghorn, for the Isle of Hope; George M. Willett and Lemiiel", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "148 HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nHover, for Montgomery Alvin N. Miller and William Neyle Haber-\\nsham, for White Bluflf; Edward J. Purse and Herbert A, Palmer,\\nfor the city of Savannah, and snch other individuals as the above-\\nnamed persons shall associate with them, to incorporate the Savan-\\nnah, Skidaway, and Seaboard Kailroad company, for the purpose\\nof opening a railroad communication from the city of Savannah to\\nthe adjacent sea islands. In July, 1868, the Council of Savannah\\npassed an ordinance gi-anting the company the privilege of con-\\nstructing a railway through West Broad from Liberty to Bay,\\nthrough Bay to East Broad, through East Broad to Gaston, and\\nthrough Whitaker from Bay to Anderson, and through Drayton\\nfrom Bay to Anderson streets.\\nThe work of constructing the road to the islands was commenced\\nin the summer of 1868. In a very short period the entire road,\\nincluding the street railway, will be completed. In the language\\nof the company s circular It may with truth be said, that no\\nenterprise, involving so small an amount of capital, promises more\\nbeneficial results or pecitniary benefits than the Savannah, Skida-\\nway, and Seaboard railroad.\\nIn the present state of the finances of our people, and especi-\\nally those who can t get away, a raih-oad to the salts will\\nafford an opportunity of reinvigorating their systems by breathing\\na salt atmosphere and bathing in the salt water which luxuries\\ncan only be indulged in now by the few who are able to own\\nvehicles or pay ten dollars per day for a hack. But when the cost\\nis reduced to twenty-five or fifty cents a ride, the hixury is placed\\nin the reach of every one. Our oldest and best physicians will\\nbear us out in the opinion that there is nothing more invigorating\\nand healthful to the human system than occasional relaxation from\\nbusiness and change of air, and, consequently, it is a blessing to\\nplace the means in the possession of every one to enjoy.\\nAll railroads develop the country through which they pass, and\\nnone more so than those like the one projected, near a city, afford-\\ning the advantages to the business portion of a city and countiy\\nresidence combined, lessening the expense of living while increas-\\ning the comforts of life. It will place within the means of the\\nmost humble a home, and the facilities of getting to and from his\\nbusiness with ease and cheapness, whilst at the same time health\\nis subserved and thrift and economy cultivated.\\nThis road will place within the means of our people the oppor-\\ntunity of successfully competing, in all branches of small mami-", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "STEAMSHIP LINES. 149\\nfacturiug, with other sections of our country, by lesseuiug the cost\\nof production, which will react in favor of the citj and its citizens\\nin many ways, by affording them the productions at less cost, by\\natibrding more employment for labor, and by ease of access and\\nless cost of transportation.\\nMany persons from the interior of Georgia have been long\\naccustomed to resort to our seacoast, during a portion of the sum-\\nmer months, for health and recreation. When proper establish-\\nments are erected for the accommodation of visitors, it is not\\nunreasonable to suppose that the number of health and pleasure-\\nseekers will be largely increased. Why should we not have a\\nNahant, a Cape Fear, or a Cape May near our city, in our Skid-\\naway, our White Bluff, our Warsaw, or our Green Island\\nIt is justly claimed for this road that it will be the beginning\\nof a development which, in years to come, will spread over all the\\nneighboring islands, making pleasant and happy homes for thous-\\nands; exempting our citizens from the so-called necessity, j^ear\\nafter year, of paying tribute to other portions of the country.\\nThe depot of the company will be located in Dillon Town. The\\nofficers of the company are Colonel Joseph S. Claghorn, President\\nColonel William R. Symons, Superintendent; George W. Wylly,\\nTreasurer. The Board of Directors consists of the above-named\\nofficers, Octavus Cohen, J. W. Lathrop, Thomas Holcombe, M. Y.\\nHenderson, A, N. Miller, and W. N. Habersham.\\nTHE SAVANNAH AND CHARLESTON KAIIBOAD,\\nWhich was destroyed dimng the late war, is now in course of\\nreconstniction, and when completed will afford daily communica-\\ntion with Charleston and secure to Savannah a fair proportion of\\nthe products of the country through which it passes.\\nThe Savannah and Ogeechee Canal company was organized as\\nthe Savannah, Ogeechee, and Altamaha Canal company about thirty\\nyears ago. The canal extends from the Savannah river to the\\nOgeechee river. Large quantaties of lumber and rice are annually\\nbrought to Savannah through this canal. Mr. F. Blair is president\\nof the company.\\nSTEAMSHIP LINES.\\nThe blockade of the port of Savannah during the late war broke\\n13*", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "150 HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nup the lines of steamship and steamboat communication from\\nSavannah to other ports. Since the war the old lines have been\\nre-established and new ones organized, all of which are now in\\nsuccessful operation.\\nThe Macgregor line, establishing direct communication between\\nSavannah and Liverpool, will employ ten steamships (with an aver-\\nage capacity each of three thousand bales of cotton), the Sarasota,\\nSaluda, Selma, Savannah, Satilla, Waverly, Leith, Stirling, Riga,\\nand Don. The steamships will ply regularly between Savaimah\\nand Liverpool, and will also employ a number of barks if sufficient\\ninducements are offered. Messrs. W. M. Tunno Co. are agents.\\nThe Black Star line, of which Messrs. Octavus Cohen Co.\\nare agents, has three steamships, the Thames, Montgomery, and\\nHuntsville, each of about twelve hundred tons burthen, which\\nmake semi-weekly trips from Savannah to New York.\\nThe Empire line, of which Messrs. John W. Anderson s Sons\\nCo. are agents, has two steamships, the San Jacinto, thirteen hun-\\ndred tons, and the San Salvador, nine hundred tons, which make\\nweekly trips between Savannah and New York.\\nThe Murray Steamship Line, of which Messrs. Hunter Gaui-\\nmell are agents, has two steamships, the Leo, eight hundred and\\nninety tons, and the Cleopatra, one thousand and forty-five tons,\\nwhich make weekly trips between Savannah and New York.\\nThe Atlantic Mail Coast Steamship company, of which Messrs.\\nWilder and Fullarton are agents, has two steamships, the Herman\\nLivingston and the General Barnes, about two thousand tons each,\\nwhich make weekly trips from Savannah to New York.\\nThe Philadelphia and Southern Mail Steamship company, of\\nwhich Messrs. Hunter Gammell are agents, has two steamships,\\nthe Wyoming, seven hundred and seventy-nine tons, and the Tona-\\nwanda, eight hundred and forty-four tons, which make weekly trips\\nbetween Savannah and Philadelphia.\\nThe Baltimore and Savannah Steamship company, of which\\nMessrs. J. B. West Co. ai e agents, has four steamships, the\\nAmerica, eight hundred tons, the North Point, five hundred tons,\\nthe General Custar, five hundred tons, and the Fannie, four hun-\\ndred tons, which make regular trips between Savannah and Balti-\\nmore.\\nSTEAMBOAT LINES.\\nThe steamboat Nick King, Messrs. John W. Anderson s Sons", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "CITr GOVERNMENT. 151\\nCo. agents, makes weekly trips from Savannah to Palatka, touching\\nat Brunswick, Fernandlna, Jacksonville, and all intermediate points\\non the coast of Georgia and Florida.\\nThe Florida and Savannah line, Messrs. Claghorn Cunningham\\nagents, employs one steamer, the Lizzie Baker, which makes weekly\\ntrips to Palatka, Florida, touching at all intermediate points.\\nThe Charleston and Savannah Steam Packet line, of which Messrs.\\nClaghorn Cunningham are agents, employ one steamer, the\\nPilot Bo}% which makes semi-weekly trips between Savannah and\\nCharleston.\\nThe Charleston, Savannah, and Florida line, of which Messrs. L.\\nJ. Guilmartin Co. are agents, has two steamboats, the Dictator\\nand the City Point, which make semi-weekly trips from Charles-\\nton, via Savannah, to Palatka. These steamers also touch at all\\nintermediate points.\\nThe Erwtn Hardee line, of which Messrs. Erwin Hardee are\\nagents, employs the iron steamer Charles S. Hardee, which makes\\nregular trips to Hawkinsville and all intermediate landings, touch-\\ning at Darien.\\nThe Savannah and Augusta line, of which Mr. M. A. Cohen is\\nagent, emjiloys two steamers, the Katie and the Swan, which run\\nregularly between Savannah and Augusta.\\nThe steamer H. M. Cool, for which Mr. M. A. Cohen is agent,\\nplys regularly between Savannah and Darien, touching at all inter-\\nmediate points.\\nCITY GOVERNMENT.\\nSavannah is governed by a Mayor and twelve Aldermen, who,\\ntogether, are denominated the City Council, and are chosen annu-\\nally. Savannah is more fortunate than many other cities of the\\nSouth, in having for her riilers men who are identified with her\\ninterests and are the choice of her citizens. The present officers\\nare:\\nMayor. Edward C. Anderson.\\nOhairman of Council. Martin J. Ford.\\nAldermen. Martin J. Ford, Henry Brigham, John L. Villalonga,\\nFrederick W. Sims, William Hunter, Francis L. Gue, Alvin N.\\nMiller, George W. Wylly, William H. Burroughs, James J. Waring,\\nMathias H. Meyer, Charles C. Millar.\\nClerk of Council. James Stewart.\\nCity Treasurer. John Williamson.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "1^2 HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nAssista7ii City Treasurer. Magnus Loweuthal.\\nCity Marshal. Thomas S. Wayne.\\nCity Surveyor. John B. Hogg.\\nClerk of City Market Isaac Bruuuer.\\nCity Printer.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 J. Holbrook Estill.\\nMessenger of Council. F. J. CercoiDely.\\nJudge of City Court. Walter S. Chisholm.\\nClerk of City Cbtwt \u00e2\u0080\u0094Phillip M. Russell, Sr.\\nCity Sheriff- Charles J. White.\\nCorporatioii Attorney. Edward J. Harden.\\nJaifor.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Waring Russell.\\nKeeper of Laurel Grove Cemetery. A. F. Torlay.\\nKeeper of City Dispensary. James Stoney.\\nKeeper of Forsyth Place. Patrick Scanlau.\\nKeqter of Pest House. J. J. Stokes.\\nKeeper of Powder Magazine. Henry L. Davis.\\nPump Contractor. Alfred Kent.\\nMeasurers and Inspectors of Lumber and Timber. D. C. Bacon, A.\\nMcAlpin, John R. Tebeau, T. B. Wylly, John T. Lineberger, C. H.\\nWeber, William H. Lyon, Z. N. Winkler, John J. Backley, A. F.\\nBennett, S. B. Dasher, A. B. LaRoche, J. F. O Byrne.\\nPort Tr\u00c2\u00abr(/ens.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Robert D. Walker, Richai-d T. Turner, William\\nH. Patterson, W. W. Wash, William R. Symons.\\nWeighers of Hay. J. P. Williamson, A. Goeble, Lawrence Cou-\\nncil, William E. Gue.\\nKeeper of City Clock. F. Brown.\\nChimney Contractors. Patrick Naughtou, eastern division; Theo-\\ndore Meves, western division.\\nPOLICE DEPARTMENT.\\nThis department numbers aboiit one hundred men, who are\\nwell disciplined and equipped. Their gallant conduct on the 3d\\nof November, 1868, in preserviiig the peace, increased, if possi-\\nble, the respect they had previously won. The quiet of the city\\ntells more powerfully than words of the efficiency of the forc^.\\nThe officers are\\nChief. General Robert H. Anderson.\\n1st Lieutenant and Chief of Detective Force. \u00e2\u0080\u0094William Wray.\\n1st Lieutenant. J. T. Howard.\\n2d Lieutenant. Charles H. Bell.\\nSergeants. James Foley, Martin Houlihan, John Green, James\\nLeonard, William M. Moran, Heniy Ling.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "FIKE DEPAKTMENT.\\nFIKE DEPABTMENT.\\n153\\nThis departiaeut is complete and efiicieut in orgauizatiou aud\\nwell supplied with apparatus. Previous to 1824 there was no regii-\\nlarly organized department. The first fire in Savannah occurred in\\n1737, after which the townsmen preferred charges against one Mr.\\nJones for standing with his hands in his pockets looking on\\nwhile his townsmen were working passing buckets of water and\\nusing other methods for putting out the fire. Whether this primi-\\ntive method of extinguishing fires was in vogue until 1824 cannot\\nbe accurately stated. In that j-ear the Savannah Fire company was\\norganized. It had several hand engines under its control, which\\nwere worked by negroes. Other companies were formed and\\nworked by the young men of Savannah, but were subject to the\\ncontrol of the Savannah Fire company until the 29th of Januai-y,\\n1867, when the present department was organized. The first and\\nsecond officers of each company of the department, and the fol-\\nlowing officers, transact all business connected with the dei^art-\\nment:\\nChief. James F. Waring.\\n1st Assistant Engineer. Charles Gordon.\\n2d Assistant Engineer.- J. A. Roberts.\\nSecretary. Charles J. White.\\nTreasurer. Thomas F. Butler.\\nThe following companies are connected with the department\\nThe Washington Fire company was organized on the 22d of\\nFebruary, 1847. The company has a first-class steamer, the Wash-\\nington, and niimbers about seventy members. The officers are:\\nJames A. Barron, Foreman; James Kearney, 2d Foreman; S. Hari-i-\\ngan, 3d Foreman; John H. Straus, 4th Foreman; C. C. Wakefield,\\nSecretary; H. J. McDonnell, Treasurer.\\nThe Oglethorpe Fire company was incorporated in December,\\n1847. The company has a third-class steamer, the John W. Ander-\\nson, and numbers one hundred aud sixty members. The officers\\nare: Philip M. Russell, President; N. Hess, IstFoi-eman; Chas. F.\\nO Neal, 2d Foreman J. B. Sibley, 3d Foreman R. Wayne Russell,\\nSecretary; C. L. Lopez, Treasurer; and Dr. R. J. Nunn, Surgeon.\\nThe Mechanics Hook and Ladder company was organized as the\\nYoung America Fire company on the 5th of December, 1848, and\\nunder its present name since the war. The apparatus of the com-\\npany is elegant and admirably adapted for its jDurpose. The com-", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "254 HISTORICAL RECOED OF SAVANNAH.\\npany numbers forty members, with the following officers Wm. D.\\nDixon, President; J. J. McKenzie, 1st Foreman; C. C. Blancho,\\n2d Foreman; H. Bogardus, Secretary; D. Ferguson, Treasurer.\\nThe Germania Fire company was organized on the 7th of Decem-\\nber, 1853. The company has a second-class steamer, the J. J.\\nWaver, and a fuU roll. The officers are John Schwarz, Foreman\\nC. Hirtj 2d Foreman; E. B. Borchert, 3d Foreman; P. Schaffer, 4th\\nForeman; Alfred Kolp, Secretary; M. H. Myers, Ti-easurer.\\nThe Metropolitan Fire company was organized on the 21st of\\nJuly, 1865. The company has a third-class steamer, the F. S. Bar-\\ntow, and fifty active members. The officers are Thomas F. Butler,\\nPi esident; Thomas A. Maddox, 1st Vice-President; H. M. Branch,\\n2d Vice-President; J. J. Abrams, Secretary; George C. Lewis, Assis-\\ntant Secretary; John Fernandez, Treasurer.\\nThe Marshall Hose company was organized on the 19th of June,\\n1867, and has a full roll and a full supply of hose and apparatus.\\nThe officers are: Charles J. White, President; William 0. Godfrey,\\n1st Foreman; Alfred Bobider, 2d Foreman; W. J. Tomlinson, Secre-\\ntary; and Joseph Fernandez, Treasurer.\\nThe Screven Hose company was organized on the 1st of June,\\n1868, and, having a full supply of hose and apparatus, is attached\\nto the Oglethorpe company. The officers are Isaac Eussell, Presi-\\ndent; F. M. Tidwell, 1st Foreman; A. Mickler, 2d Foreman; O. B.\\nJohnson, 3d Forman; G. E. Bevans, Secretary; W. A. Sercj Treas-\\nurer; and Dr. T. C. Harden, Surgeon.\\nThere are six fire companies under the control of the department\\nworked by colored men. Four of the companies, the Pulaski,\\nFranklin, Columbus, and Tomichichi, have hand engines, and the\\nother two are axe companies.\\nThe department has a neat and capacious building, located on the\\ncorner of South Broad and Abercorn streets, in which the depart-\\nmental meetings are held and all business connected with the\\ndepartment transacted.\\nThe Savannah Fire company is still an organized body, but has\\nno apparatus. C. C. Casey, Chief Fireman; F. Blair, 2d Fireman;\\nand James L. Haxipt, 3d Fireman.\\nPOPULATION.\\nThe population of Savannah is estimated to be about forty-five\\nthousand persons. The first regular census of the city was taken\\nin 1810, when the population was 5,195; in 1820, 7,523; in 1830,", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "EDUCATION. 155\\n7,773; in 18^0, 11,214; in 1850, 14,000; and at the close of the war\\n(1865), 24,000; making the increase, within the past three j^ears,\\n21,000.\\nEDUCATION.\\nThe subject of education has always been of interest to the\\ncitizens of Savannah, and all measures for this purpose have met\\nwith favor. The first academy in Savannah was iucoriDorated as\\nthe Chatham County Academy in 1788, and flourished for many\\nyears. A portion of its spacious brick building, on South Broad\\nstreet, is still used for educational purposes. The fii-st free school,\\nknown as the Savannah Free School, was established in 1816.\\nThere are at present a number of denominational and private\\nschools.\\nThe public school system of Savannah is equal to any, and\\nsuperior to many others, in the United States. About one thousand\\npupils are instructed in the public schools. The Board of Educa-\\ntion controlling these schools consists of R. D. Arnold, M. D.,\\nJohn Stoddard, Edward C. Anderson, Henry Williams, Solomon\\nCohen, John C. Ferrill, John L. Villalonga, John Williamson, Eev.\\nD. H. Porter, James B. Eead, M. D. Rev. S. Landrum, and Barnard\\nMallon. E. D. Arnold, M. D,, President; John Stoddard, Vice-\\nPresident; W. H Baker, Secretary; John L. ViUalonga, Treasurer.\\nThe following schools, of which Mr. W. H. Baker is superin-\\ntendent, are under the charge of the Board of Education. The\\nhouses are large and well located, and the school-rooms well fur-\\nnished and comfortable\\nBoys High School, corner of Barnard and Taylor streets. W. H.\\nBaker, Principal B. M. Zettler and Miss V. Miller, Assistants.\\nBoys Gi ammar School, corner of Barnard and Taylor streets. H.\\nF. Train, Principal Miss E. Frew, Assistant.\\nObis High School, corner of Abercorn and Gordon streets. B.\\nMallon, Principal Miss Fannie A. Dorsett and Miss Selina J. Jones,\\nAssistants.\\nGirls Gh-ainmar School, corner of Abercorn and Gordon streets.\\nMiss M. A. McCarter, Principal; Miss Lizzie Miller and Miss M. L.\\nHarris, Assistants.\\nIntermediate School, Armory Hall, Wright square. Jos. E. Way,\\nPrincipal; Miss A. M. Gould and Miss E. F. Bourquin, Assistants.\\nPrimary School, Armory Hall, Wright square. Miss M. E. Daven-\\nport, Principal; Miss A. N. Harden and M. W. Mallard, Assistants.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "256 HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nBoys Intermediate School, iu the Chatham Academy building.\\nMiss Eunice Mallery, Principal.\\nOhis Grammar School, iu the Chatham Academy building. Miss\\nE. W. Carter, Principal; Professor H. Elliott, Teacher of French;\\nProfessor J. Ne^^^nan, Teacher of Miisic.\\nThe Catholics have two free schools, one in St. John s parish\\nand the other in St. Patrick s parish. The school building of the\\nformer is located on the corner of Perry and Abercorn streets.\\nAbout two hundred and fiftj pupils attend this school, of which\\nMr. O Brien is Principal Miss A. Robinson and Miss K. McCluskey,\\nAssistants.\\nThe school of St. Patrick s parish is located in the rear of St.\\nPatrick s church, near the Central Railroad depot. There are\\nabout one hundred and seventy-five scholars attending this school,\\nof which Mr. Edward McCort is Principal; Mr. Luke Logan and\\nMiss B. Kirk, Assistants.\\nSavannah Hehrew Collegiate Institute. Of all the educational estab-\\nlishments which grace our Forest City, none stands higher or\\nclaims more admiration than this noble institution. Although it is\\nin its infancy, it has already given the most unmistakable proofs\\nof the immense advantages it is destined to confer upon the\\ncitizens of Savannah, if not indeed iipon the people of Georgia.\\nClaiming to be of Hebrew origin, and therefore bearing its present\\nname, it has, notwithstanding, thrown its doors open to every sect\\nand creed, and, knowing no distinction of faith, it receives childi-en\\nof everj denomination within its walls, and, regarding them only\\nas children of the Universal Father, it labors to inculcate in their\\nminds those sublime principles of general religion in which all\\nmankind agree, while at the same time it confers upon them the\\ngreatest of all earthly treasures a thoroiigh and practical educa-\\ntion. Organized for the purpose of advancing the interests of\\nSavannah and enlarging her educational facilities, it very praise-\\nworthily knows no difference between the rich and the poor, but,\\nmaking respectability its only condition, it admits children of\\nthe humbler class and educates them free of charge. The history\\nof the institute, although brief, is very interesting. On the 22d of\\nMay, 1867, a meeting of Israelites, convened by the Rev. R. D C.\\nLewiu, and presided over by Octavus Cohen, Esq., took place\\nin the synagogue of the Mickva Israel congregation. At this\\nmeeting the Rev. R. D C. Le-win submitted his plans and enlisted the\\nfull co-operation of the majority of his coreligionists iu Savannah.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "EDUCATION.\\n157\\nThe project beiug ctirdially approved of, Messrs. B. Phillips, A.\\nJ. Brady, S. Gertsmau, A. Epstein, P. Dzialj nski, W. Barnett,\\nand Eev. E. D C. Lewin, -were elected a pro sdsional council for the\\npurpose of preparing the constitution and by-laws, to be submit-\\nted at a subsequent meeting. This council, having chosen as its\\npresident the Kev. Mr. Lewin, entered with spirit into the work,\\nand on the 28th of May presented to the adjourned meeting the\\nconstitution and bj -laws, which met with general approval. The\\npreliminary steps having thus been taken, the provisional council\\nreceived authority to take charge of all further business con-\\nnected with the institute until such time as the permanent council\\nwas elected.\\nThe labors of the provisional cou.ncil now commenced. As yet\\neverything Mas biit in embryo, while the institute itself could\\nhardly be said to be more than an idea. The idea, however, had\\nto become a reality, and no ijains were spared by the council\\nto effect this happy consummation of the hopes of the founder.\\nBy dint of untiring perseverance and iinwearied exertions, all\\nthe many difficulties which at first impeded the progress of the\\nenterprise were overcome. To understand fully the difficulties\\nof the enterprise would require a perfect knowledge of the plans\\nof the founder, which vvere laid out on a gigantic scale. For,\\nM hile it was hoped to establish the institute upon the system\\npursued by European colleges, a very heavy outlay for profes-\\nsors became inevitable. To meet this expenditure a large num-\\nber of childi eu vvas needed, but as one of the essential objects\\nin the very formation of the institute was to give gratuitous edu-\\ncation to children whose i arents were unable to jiaj the regular\\ntuition fees, and as a very large number of jDaying piipils could\\nhardly be expected at the commencement, the council was com-\\npelled to have recourse to private aid and to solicit donations\\nfrom the Jewish public of Savannah. The appeal was readily res-\\nponded to. and the Eev. Mr. Lewin, in order to facilitate the\\nenterprise, offered his services as the gratuitous superintendent,\\nthereby releasing the institute from the payment of a large salary.\\nThus, at a general meeting of the members, held on the 27th\\nof October, the provisional council had the gi-atification of report-\\ning that everything was in readiness to open the institute on the\\n1st of November. The first permanent council was then elected,\\nconsisting of Messrs. Octavus Cohen, B. Phillijjs, A. B. Weslow,\\nH. Meinhard, M. Selig, P. Dzialynski, and S. H. Eckuiau, the officer.s\\nU", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "|5g HLSTOKIOAL KKCORD OK SAVA*rNA.H.\\nbeiug Octaviis Colien, Esq., piesideut; A. B. Weslow, Treasurer;\\nand 13. Phillii^.s, Secretary. Ou the 1st of November, the institute\\nwas opened -nith a professorial staff of the highest rank, and a\\ngoodly number of pupils to receive its numerous benefits.\\nVmong the advantages offered by the institute was the delivery of\\npublic Ifr-tures, for the amusement and instruction of the imblic.\\nThe first course, however, through iinavoidable circumstances,\\nconsisted of only two lectures; but the pleasant evenings passed in\\nlistening to the eloquent addresses of the Hon. Henry K. Jackson\\nand th^ Hon. Heniy S. Fitch, will not be easily forgotten.\\nThus, \\\\s hile engaged in the most noble of human employments\\nthe culture of the mind the fii-st scholastic year passed pleasantly\\naway and the summer vacation broiight the labors of the professors\\nto a close.\\nFor the second year ample preparations were made to render\\nthe institiite still more useful to the public. The fees for tuition\\nwere reduced, additional i^rivileges bestowed upon members, and\\nhigher studies introduced, so that on the 1st of October, 1868, the\\ninstitute again set forward on its mission of education, M ith bright\\nhopes for its future success. On the 27th of October, 1868, the\\nannual meeting of members took place, and the new council was\\nelected, as follows: Hon. Solomon Cohen, Octavus Cohen, Barnet\\nPhillips, Simon Gertsman, Marcus Selig, Henry Meinhard, and S.\\nH. Eckman, the officers being Hon. Solomon Cohen, President;\\nBarnet Phillips, Secretary; and Simon Gertsman, Treasurer. By\\nresolution of the general meeting, the Kev. E. D C. Lewin, who\\nduring the previous year had occupied an ex-officio seat at the\\ncouncil, was declared to be a life member of that body, Mith right\\nto vote on all matters appertaining to the institute.\\nThe institute embraces: 1st, a high school for boys; 2d, an acad-\\nemy for girls. In both departments there are classes and divisions\\naccording to the abilities of the piipils, the studies pursued in\\nthese classes being regulated according to the respective grades.\\nThe branches taught, in addition to the general branches pursued\\nin schools, are geometry, algebra, book-keeping, natural philosophy,\\ntogether with the French, German, Hebrew, and Latin languages.\\nThe faculty comprises the following: Rev. E. D C. Lewin, Super-\\nintendent and Principal of the Theological department Charles N.\\nWest, Teacher of Belles-Lettres and Mathematics; Prof. Adolph\\nEiswald, Teacher of Languages; Eev. E. Fischer, Teacher of He-\\nbrew and Theology; Edwin Kuapp, Teacher of Book-keeping.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "AMUSEMENTS.\\n151}\\nAMUSEMENTS.\\nThe love of umiiseuieut is strong amoug the citizens of Biivau-\\nnah, which is evinced by the nnmeroiis litie, boat, and other clubs,\\nin the sports of which old and young engage with the keenest zest.\\nThe Theatre, situated on the east side of Chippewa square, is\\nthe first and most prominent among the places of amusement. It\\nenjoys the reijutation of being the best adapted for its pui-pose\\nof any between Baltimore and New Orleans.\\nSt. Andrew s Hall is a large brick building, situated on the\\nsouth side of Broughton at the comer of Jefferson street. The\\nST. ANDREW S hall.\\nhail was erected and owned by the St. Andi ew s society of Savan-\\nnah, but was sold to Mr. David E. Dillon dui-ing the late war. It\\nis capacious, and complete iu its aiTangements for the comfort and\\nconvenience of audiences.\\nThe MusEtTM, situated on the northeast coiner of Bull and Taylor\\nIreets, is well kept, and an hour or two can be delightfully spent\\nnmong the rare curiosities there on exhibition.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "1Q0 HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nPUBLIC AND SOCIETY BUD^DINGS.\\nThere are a large number of fine public and society buildings in\\nSavannah, among them the Exchange, Central Railroad Bank, State\\nBank, Custom House, Hall of the Georgia Historical Society, Medi-\\ncal College, Abrahm s Home, Female Asylum, Masonic Hall, and\\nthe three prominent hotels, the Pulaski House, Screven House, and\\nMarshall House.\\nThe Exchange was built in 1791) by a joint-stock company, in\\nwhich the city v/as a stockholder to the amount of twenty-five\\nshares. The ground was leased to the company for ninety-nine\\nyears. The cost of erection was twenty thousand dollars. The\\ncity purchased stock from the inception of the company until 1812,\\nwhen the building came into the possession of the citj-, and has\\nsince been used as a City Hall. A few years since it was enlarged\\nto its present dimensions. The Mayor s court-room in which the\\nCity Council also meets the offices of the Mayor, Clerk of Council,\\nCity Treasurer, Surveyor, and Marshall, are in the u^iper portion\\nof the building. The lower stories, one on a line with the top of\\nthe bluff and two beneath, are used as offices by private parties.\\nThe Georgia Historical Society, upon the petition of Hon. J. M.\\nBerrien, Hon. James M. Wayne, Hon. M. H. McAllister, I. K. Tift,\\nEight Eev. William Bacon Stevens, George W. Hunter, Henry K.\\nPreston, Colonel William Thorne Williams, Judge Chas. S. Heniy,\\nJudge John C. Nicoll, Judge William Law, Judge Eobert M. Charl-\\nton, Dr. Eichard D. Arnold, and A. A. Smets, was chartered by the\\nlegislature in 1839, for the purpose of collecting, preserving, and\\ndiffusing information relating to the State of Georgia in particular,\\nand of American history generally. The society was formed and\\na building erected on Bryan street. It is a beautiful edifice, and\\nadmirably adapted for the purpose. The society has published\\nseveral valuable works. There are at present in the library seven\\nthousand five hundred volumes, among them many rare books.\\nThere are also a large number of valuable manuscripts. There is,\\nin connection with the society, a Scientific section, the object of\\nwhich is to investigate and discuss practical questions and subjects\\nin chemistry, mechanics, and kindred branches. The society num-\\nbers two hundred members, with the following officers: Hon. E. J.\\nHarden, President; Dr. W. M. Charters, 1st Vice-President; Gen.\\nA. E. Lawton, 2d Vice-President; Dr. E. D. Arnold, Corresponding\\nSecretary; Dr. Easton Yonge, Eecording Secretary; W. S. Bogart,", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "m BLIC AND SOCIETY BUILDINGS.\\n161\\nGEOKGI4. HISTOKICVL SOCIET\\\\\\nTreasurer; J. S. F. Lancaster, Librarian; W. T. Williams, W. B.\\nHodgson, H. E. Jackson, William Duncan, B. Phillips, Juriah\\nHan-is, T. M. Norwood, Curators.\\nThe Presidents of the society, since its organization, are: Hon.\\nJ. M. Berrien, Hon. James M. Wayne, Eight Eev. Bishop Stephen\\nElliott, John Stoddard, and Hon. E. J. Harden.\\nThe Watee Woeks are located in the outer portion of the city,\\non the western side of the Ogeechee canal, close to the river,\\nand were erected in 1853, but were not in full operation until 1854.\\nThe receiving reservoir is divided into four compartments, each\\nabout one hundred and fifty feet square and eight feet deep, so\\nthat while the clarified water from one compartment is being\\nI)umped into the city the water in the other basins is in a state\\n14*", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "Ig2 HISTORICAL KKCORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nof repose aud becoming clear. These basins, -vrhicli are capable of\\ncontaining six hundred tons of water, and can be kept. full, no\\nmatttr how great the demand may be, are filled from the river\\nby means of a canal ith gateways into each basin. The forcing\\npumps are three in niimber, of Worthington Baker s direct-action\\npatent. From these the water is forced through two separate\\nlines of pipes to the distributing reservoir. Each of the three\\nengines is capable of delivering into the distributing reservoir one\\nmillion gallons of water in twelve hours. The engines, pumps,\\nboilers, and lines of i^ipe are duplicated, and a failure of a full\\nsupply of water at all times is almost impossible.\\nThe distributing reservoir is located in Franklin square, about a\\nhalf-mile di.stant from the receiving reservoir. It is a circular iron\\ntank, thirty feet in diameter and twenty-five feet high, placed upon\\na massive structure of brick, thirty-five feet in diameter at the\\niiottom and thirty feet at the top. A hollow shaft of brick work in\\ncarried uj) in the centre to the fxiU height. Resting upon the inner\\nand outer walls are oast-iron girders forming the floor upon which\\nthe v/rought-iron tank rests. The bottom is on an elevation of fifty\\nfeet above the grade of the city at the Exchange. The whole\\nheight to which the water is raised by the pumps is one hundred\\nand twenty feet.\\nMr. R. H. Guerard is the Superintendent of the works, aud\\nMessrs. James Holland and William A. Luddington Engineers.\\nThe CoPKT-HousE, an edifice of brick and stucco, tvo stories in\\nJieight, was erected in 1833. It is situated on the east side of\\nWright (formerly Percival) square, more generally known as Court-\\nHousc sqxiare, on which all public out-door demonstrations are\\n-held. The first court-house was erected at the northeast corner\\nof BxiU street and Bay lane. A .short time previous to the lievo-\\nlutiouary war a large brick court-house was built on the site of\\nthe present building, and was considei ably injured by the British\\ntroops quartered therein, and also bj the shells thrown from the\\nAmerican and French batteries during the siege in 1779. After\\nthe war it was repaired and devoted to its legitimate uses until\\n1831, when it was torn down.\\nTho Superior court. Judge Schley, and the City court, Judge\\n\\\\Valtor S. Chisholm, hold their regular sessions in the upper story.\\nThe lower story is used for the oflices of the Judges, Clerks, Ordi-\\nnary, Sherifis of the city and county, and the Eeceivers and Col-\\nlectors of Taxes.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0192.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "PIXBLIC AND SOCIETY BUILDINGS.\\n163\\nThe PooK-HousE and Hospit^vl was incorporated iu 1835, upon\\nthe application of Joseph Ciunming, S. C. Dunning, R. King, John\\nGardner, Mathew Hoi kin.s, William E. Waring, Charles S. Henry,\\nS. D. Corbett, Samuel Philbrick, N. G. Beard, Francis Sorrell, k\\nD. Ai-nold, and P. M. Kollock. The present commodious struc-\\nture, located on Gaston, between Drayton and Abercorn streets, was\\nerected by private subscription in 1819, and used for several years\\naltogether as a hospital for sailors. In 1830 $18,000 was left to tho\\n\\\\VSS\\\\H POOR Hot SE \\\\Nn HO pn \\\\l\\ninstitution by Messrs. James Wallace and Thomas Young. Tho\\ninstitution is well supported by the hospital fund, the donations of\\nfees by the attending physicians, and the State tax upon auction-\\neers. The officers are: Dr. William Duncan, President; Dr. K. D.\\nArnold, Attending Physician Dr. W. G. Bulloch, Surgeon Dr. Wni.\\nDuncan, medical officer to female ward.\\nThe Abkahm s Home. On the 8th of April, 182-2, a society was\\norganized by a number of ladies of Savannah for the relief of poor\\nwidows with or without children, and destitute families generally\\nin the city. A number of frame tenements, on South Broad street,\\nwere and are used by the society as houses for the destitute\\nfamilies. A few years since Mrs. Theodora Abrahms bequeathed a\\nsum of money to be used in building an edifice to be made a\\nhome for destitute families. With the money thus contributed,\\nthe present Abrahm s Home, situated on the northwest corner of", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0193.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "164\\nHISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nBroughtou and East Broad streets, was erected. It is a large and\\nelegant edifice, admirably adapted for its puiijose, and is iiuder the\\ncontrol of the society organized in 1822. A mimber of aged and\\nindigent females find shelter and comfort in this building.\\nThe officers of the society are: Mrs. J. J. Jackson, 1st Directress;\\nMrs. J. H. Burroughs, 2d Directress; Mrs. Wallace Gumming,\\nSecretary; Miss S. C. Tuft ts, Treasurer.\\nThe Bank of the State of Geoec4IA is an imposing building. It\\nis located on the eastern side of Johnson square. This bank,\\nBANK or THE .STATE OF GEORGIA.\\nwith the Merchants and Planters, Farmers and Mechanics, Plant-\\ners, Marine, Bank of Commerce, and the Bank of Savannah, all\\nin successful operation previous to and during the war, was com-\\npelled to suspend operations after the collapse of the Confederacy.\\nThe banks in Savannah now are: The Central Fiailroad bank, the\\nSavannah National bank, and the Merchants National bank.\\nThe Medical College, located at the northwest corner of Tayk r\\nand Habersham streets, is a fine edifice, which, for solidity, com-\\nmodiousness, and i^erfect adaptability for all the purposes of a\\nmedical college, challenges a comparison with the best buildings of\\nthe kind in the country, and surpasses a large majority of them.\\nA charter to establish a medical college in Savannah was granted\\nin 1838, but no active measures were taken to erect a building", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0194.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC AND SOCIETY BUILDINGS.\\n165\\nuntil 18o 2, Mheu tlie late J. Gordon Howard, M. D., took the\\ninitiatory steps to that end, and Drs. P. M. Kollock, E. D. Arnold,\\nW. G. Bulloch, C. W. West, H. L. Byrd, E. H. Martin, J. Gordon\\nHoward, and J. B. Bead petitioned the Trustees to organize them\\nas a Faculty, they pledging themselves to erect a suitable building\\nand to provide all apparatus necessary for instruction and illustra-\\ntion. The charter was not granted, owing to the opposition of a\\nnumber of medical gentlemen. Nothing daunted, the gentlemen\\nassociated themselves together as a corporation under the name\\nand style of the Savannah Medical Institute, and erected the\\npresent building, the corner-stone of which ^\\\\-as laid on the 17th of\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0i! li Mil i^\\nSAVANNAH JIEDICAL COLLEGE.\\nJanuary, 1853, by Dr. E. D. Arnold, iu his capacity as Master of a\\nLodge of Free Masons. The following November the first course\\nof lectures was commenced. After the capture of the city by Sher-\\nman s troops the building was used as a United States hospital,\\nfrom which the United States medical officers carried off the fine\\napparatus, the valuable collections of minerals, the engravings and\\npaintings for illustration, the anatomical proportions, and patho-\\nlogical specimens.\\nThe members of the Faculty are: Drs. E. D. Arnold, Practice of\\nMedicine; William G. Biilloch, Surgery; W. M. Charters, Chemis-\\ntry; Juriah Hams, Physiology; P. M. Kollock, Obstetrics; J. B.\\nRead, Materia Medica; W. R. Waring, Anatomy; William Duncan", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0195.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "Ijjt] HISTORICAL KECORD OV SAVANNAH.\\nand Robert P. Myers, Deinonstrators Thomas Smith, adjunct io\\nP. M. Kollock; Thomas J. Charltou, adjunct to W. G. Bulloch; J.\\nG. Thomas, adjunct to Juriah Harris J. R. Niinn, adjunct to James\\nB. Read; W. H. Elliott, adjunct to W. M. Charters.\\nThe officers of the Faculty arc: Jnriah Harris, President; W. 11.\\nWaring, Dean; P. M. Kollock, Treasurer; Robt. P. Myers, Curator.\\nChatham County Jail, sitiiated in the soiithern part of the city\\nis neatly bnilt of brick and stuccoed, and is capable of containing\\nabout one hundred prisoners. It was erected in 18-45, and is under\\nthe management of Waring Russell, Esq. The first jail was situated\\nat the northwest corner of Bay lane and Bull street, which rotted\\ndown, as did five others on the same site. Another building was\\nerected near the site of the in-esent court-house before the Revolu-\\ntionary war, and after the war it was torn down and another built\\non the site occupied by Mr. A. Low s house. It was used until the\\npresent jail was built, Yv hen it was torn down to make room for\\ndwelling-houses. In former times persons were confined for debt-\\nThey were not always actuiilly locked np, but were permitted, upon\\ngiving sufficient surety, to go at large within jail bounds, a\\ncertain distance each way fi om the jail. Should they, on any\\npretence or by any accident, go beyond these limits, their sureties\\nbecame liable, and they themselves would be locked up. These\\nboi;nds were designated at suitable intervals by small stones, like\\nthe foot-stone of a grave, with the letters J. B. cut on them.*\\nSome years since a gentleman from the North, on a visit to\\nSavannah, was walking out with a resident, when his attention was\\nattracted by one of these stones. What is that? said he. it\\nlooks as if it might have come from a graveyard.\\nThe citizen mischievously told him that it stood at the grave of\\none James Benton, an old settler, indeed one of the first in the\\ntime of Oglethorpe. He went on to relate to his wondering friend\\nhow this old man (an entirely fictitious character), being a very\\neccentric genius, desired to perpetuate his odd whims, even after\\nhis death, and therefore left directions for his interment in one of\\nthe public squares, specifying the minutest details, even to the\\nsize and style of the stone; also l)inding his executors and the\\ntown authorities, in consideration of certain vahiable tracts of\\nland which he donated them, never to remove his body nor make\\nany attempt to preserve the grave from being trampled upon, only\\nkeeping the stone up.\\nIn owe or two of tho sciiarco thc?c \u00c2\u00abtoncs are still to be rocu.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0196.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC AND sooiKXY uuir.niNa^.\\n167\\nMuch more of the same lauguago did the citizeu pour iuto the\\nwillmg cars of the uortherner, relating it with a minuteness of\\ndetail and a gra ity of countenance which completely deceived the\\ndescendant of the Pilgrim fathers. On his return home he pub-\\nlished in the -village ncM-spaper most wonderful accounts of the\\nhabits, manners, and customs of the people of the Forest City.\\nThe Custom House, a noble fire-proof structure, is built of\\nQuincy granite, and is one hundred and ten feet in length and\\nfifty-two feet deep. It is of three stories, the first used as the poet\\noffice, the second devoted to custom hoirse piu-poses, and the third\\nor upper story for United States Court room, with the usual offices.\\nCUSTOM HOUSE.\\nNo record remains to point out to the curious the location of\\nthe first house of customs, although there was such a one here in\\n1763. In 1789 Commerce row, west of the exchange, was built\\nand the custom house established therein, wherein its duties were\\ntransacted. The customs were then removed to a building on the-\\nsite now occupied by the Georgia Historical society, and afterward\\nto the Exchange. In 1850 the present building was erected, and\\nthe customs were finally firmly located.\\nThe Female AsYLtrM of Savannah had a common origin with the\\nUnion Society (which was formed in the year 1750) for the care\\nand education of orphan and destitute children in general, who,\\nwithout distinction of sex, enjoyed the benefits of its charitable\\nappropriations until the 17th of December, 1801, at which period,\\nfor the greater benefit of both classes of childi-en, and with a view\\nto those more extensive results which true charity ever aims to", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0197.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "168\\nHISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nsecure, it was suggested by the Rev. Heuiy Holcombe, tlieu resi-\\ndent pastor of the Baptist church of Savannah, to several ladies of\\npietj and benevolence the propriety of a separation. The sugges-\\ntion was approved and actively carried into eft ect, and the female\\nasylum, in the year 1801, commenced a distinct and separate\\nexistence, under a Board of Directors composed of fourteen ladies,\\nwhose names are subjoined: Mrs. Elizabeth Smith, Mrs. Ann Clay,\\nMrs. Jane Smith; Mrs. Sarah Lamb, Secretary; Mrs. Margaret\\nHunter, Treasurer; Lady Ann Houston, Mrs. Holcombe, Mrs. Han-\\nnah McAllister, Mrs. Susannah Jenkins, Mrs. Ann Moore, Mrs.\\nMoore, Mrs. Eebecca Newel, Mrs. Mary Wall, Miss Martha Ste-\\nphens, TiTistees, or Managers: Mrs. Lydia Myers, Matron. In\\nFEMALE OKPH.VS ASVI.UM.\\n1810 the legislature of Georgia granted an act of incorporation,\\nfounded on a system of rules for the better government of the\\ninstitute. In 1838 (past experience having proved the necessity for\\na larger building and more desirable location than the one occu-\\npied in the eastern part of the city; but the limited fiinds of\\nthe society, at the time, prevented so desirable a change), Mrs. M.\\nMarshall and Mrs. M. Eichardsone volunteered to assist the endeav-\\nors of the Board of Managers to increase, bj a public collection,\\nthe available means of the society in the accomplishment of so\\nlaudable an object. Their combined efforts happily proved suc-\\ncessful, and the erection of the present handsome and commodious\\nedifice on the corner of Bull and Charlton streets was the result.\\nThe officers of the society are: Mrs. E. C. Anderson, 1st Direct-\\nress; Mrs. Landi um, 2d Directress: Miss Welman, Secretary; Mrs.\\nC. A. Lamar, Treasurer.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0198.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "MONUMENTS. Jgg\\nMONUMENTS.\\nThe visit of General Lafayette to Savauuuh iu 1825 was made\\nthe occasiou of laying the corner-stones of two monuments to be\\nerected, one to the memory of Gen. Nathaniel Greene and the other\\nto the memory of Brigadier-General Count Pulaski. A committee\\nwas api^ointed, and under their an-angements the corner-stone of a\\nmonument to Greene was laid in Johnson square, and one to\\nPulaski iu Chippewa square, on the 21st of March, 1825, by General\\nLafayette and the Masonic lodges.\\nSubseqiiently, donations were received from the citizens and\\nothers by the committee, for their erection, and in November, 1826,\\na lottery was granted by the legislature, for the pui^iose of raising\\nthe sum of $35,000, to be appropriated to the object. After a few\\nyears, the funds not having reached an amount adequate for the\\nerection of both, it was determined to erect one only for the pres-\\nent; that was placed in Johnson square in 1829, and was called the\\nGreene and Pulaski Monument. The monument, as seen by the\\naccomi^auying lithograph, is plain and withoiit inscription. It is\\nabout fifty feet high. The lottery continued its operations and\\nproduced an amount sufficient, with other contributions, to erect\\nThe Pulaski Monument. This marble memorial to Count Casi-\\nmir Pulaski, who sealed his devotion to the cause of American\\nliberty with his blood, is situated in Monterey square. The corner-\\nstone was laid on the 11th of October, 1853. The military, under\\ncommand of Colonel A. K. Lawton, the various Masonic lodges, and\\na large concourse of citizens, were present during the ceremonies.\\nThe monument is about fifty feet in height, surmounted by a\\nstatue of Liberty holding the banner of the stars and stripes.\\nIt is perceived, at a glance, that the monument is intended for a\\nsoldier who is losing his life while fighting wounded, he falls from\\nhis horse, still grasping his sword. The date of the event, October\\n9th, 1779, is recorded above the subject. The coat of arms of\\nPoland and Georgia, surrounded by branches of laurel, ornament\\nthe cornice on two sides, or fronts; while the eagle, emblem of\\nliberty, courage, and independence, and the symbolic bird of Poland\\nand America, rests upon both. The cannon reversed on the corners\\nof the die are emblematical ot military loss and mourning, and\\ngive the monument a strong militarj character. The corner-stone\\nlaid iu Chippewa square in 1825 was removed iu 1853 and placed\\nalongside of the corner-stone of the present monument.\\n15", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0199.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "170\\nHISTORICAL RKCOKD OF SAVANNAH.\\nThe uunibfv and beauty of the chnrt-hes of Savaunah elicit tha\\nadmiiMtion of all who visit the city.\\nl^hc Episcopal church was established in Savannah by Kevereud\\nHeii -y Herbert, D. D., in 1733, he having come over with the first\\nsettlers. Services were held in Oglethorpe s tent, or in open air,\\niw the weather permitted, until late in that year, when a court-\\nhouse was erected on Bull street at what is now the northeast\\n^orner of Bay lane, in which services were held until 1750.\\nOaiasT Chxikch. The lot upon which this church now stands\\nwas laid out for an Episcopal church on the 7th of July, 1733, but\\ni\\\\o attempt was made to build upon it until the 11th of June 1740,\\n-when a frame building was commenced. Six years afterM ard the\\nshingles were placed upon it, and it was finally completed in 1750,\\non the 7th of July of which year it was dedicated to the worship\\nof God. The fire of 179G reduced it to ashes. It was rebuilt, and\\nwas very much damaged by the gale in 1804. The present church,\\nconstructed after the Grecian Ionic order of architecture, is one of\\nthe most magnificent churches in the city. It was completed in\\n1838. The church records show that the following named minis-\\nters have been in charge at this clmrch: Eev. Dr. Henry Herbert\\nwas the fii st. He M as succeeded bj Rev. S. Quiucy, Mho remained\\nuntil 17:!5, when Rev. John Wesley became rector. The latter was\\nfollowed by the Rev. William Norris, who resided alternately in\\nSavannah and at Frederica. Rev. Wm. Metcalf, who was appointed\\nnext, died before he entered upon his duties, and his place was\\nfilled by Rev. Mr. Orton, who died in 1742. About this period\\nEev, George Whitfield was in charge. Rev. T. Bosomworth, his\\nliiice6SS0r, was displaced, and Rev. Mr. Zouberbuhler was appointed.\\nHe remained in charge until 1763. In 1768, 1771, and 1772, Rev.\\nMr. Frink was in charge. There is no record to show who were the\\nrectors in charge from 1703 to 1708 and from 1773 to 1810, and from\\n1814 to 1820. From 1810 to 1814, when the church was rebuilt.\\nRev. John V. Bartow was in charge. Rev. Mr. Cranston became\\nrector in 1820, and was succeeded by Rev. A. Carter, who died in\\n1827. He was followed by Eev. Dr. EdM ard Neufville, who died in\\n1851, having filled his responsible position for nearly a quarter of\\na centuiy. He was succeeded by Rev. A. B. Carter, Avho remained\\nonly a short time, and Right Rev. Bishop Stephen Elliott, Bishop\\nof the Diocese, became pastor. He resigned the charge of the", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0200.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "CHURCHES.\\n171\\ni-hnrcL, temporarily, in November, 1850, ami llev. Dr. J. Easter was\\ntemporarily in charge, imtil the anival of Rev. Dr. Batch, iu\\nFebruary, 1860. In 1801 Bishop Elliott resumed rectorship), and\\nRev. Chas. H. Coley was called to assist him. Bishop Elliott died\\non the 21st of December, 1860. Rev. Mr. Coley remained in\\ncharge until the fall of 1868, when he received a call to the West.\\nThe church ^vas temporarily supplied for several months by Rev.\\nDr. Easter, when the present rector, Rev. J. M. Mitchell, was\\ncalled to the rectorship. The membership of the church is about\\nthree hundred and seventy. The Sunday-school of this church has\\nabout two hundred scholars Dr. W. H. Elliott, Superintendent.\\nSt. John s Chuech. St. John s parish was organized in 1840,\\nand Services were held in a building on Soiath Broad west of\\nBarnard street. The present building, built iu the English style\\nof Gothic, which prevailed in England from the year 1200 to the\\nyear 1300 of the Christian era, is located on the west side of\\nMadison square, and was completed in 1853 and dedicated by the\\nRight Rev. Bishop Elliott. There are about two hundred and\\nthirty communicants iu this church. The Sunday-school, with\\nabout one hundred and sixty pupils and twenty teachers, is under\\nthe superintendence of J. S. F. Lancaster.\\nThe Church Wardens and Vestry are: W. S. Bogart and J. R.\\nJohnson, Wardens; William Battersby, Dr. J. A. Wragg, Heniy\\nBrigham, Lexi DeWitt, John JsL Guerard, Edward J. Purse, John\\nL. Yillalonga, and William Tison.\\nThe following Rectors have been in charge of the parish since\\nits organization: Revs. Rufus M. White, George H. Clarke, 0. F.\\nMcRixe, and Samiiel Benedict, the present rector.\\nCongregation Mickva Israel. The early history of this con-\\ngregation is so involved in doubt that, after the greatest possible\\nlabor and research on the part of the writer of this sketch, the\\ntask of ascertaining the exact date of organization was compelled\\nto be abandoned. It is certain, however, that several Jews arrived\\nfrom England in the year 1733, and that these ])rought with them\\ntwo scrolls of the Law and the Ark, or receptacle for the same.\\nFrom this fact, it is reasonable to conclude that a congregation\\nwas established shortly afterward. Tradition honors a room in\\nthe neighborhood of Bay Street lane as the place in which the\\nHebrews first assembled for the pui pose of divine worship. Then,\\nt a later date, this temporary Synagogue was changed to a one-\\n^,^ory wooden building on Broughton Street lane. Tradition also", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0201.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "1 J2 HISTOBICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nstates that after some years a schism took place among the mem-\\nbers of this small congregation, and doubtless this must have\\noccurred, since the earliest manuscript extant, bearing date Sep-\\ntember 7th, 1762, is a deed of gift of a parcel of land by Mr.\\nSheftall to all pei sons professing to he Jews, to be used by them\\neither as a burying-ground or as the site of a synagogue. Now\\nthis deed does not allude at all to a congregation. If, therefore,\\nthe Mickva Israel existed prior to this date, the tradition of a\\nschism must be correct, and the donor of this piece of land must\\nhave purposely omitted the name of the congregation. Again, tra-\\ndition asserts that this schism was subseqriently healed, and the\\ncongregation reunited. Whatever may have been the real occur-\\nrences which marked the early history of the congregation, it is\\nquite certain that it existed xmder its present name in the year\\n1790, for the old minute book, now in the possession of the con-\\ngregation, contains entries as far back as that year, and the charter\\nof the congregation bears date November 30th, 1790, during the\\nadministration of Governor Edward Telfair.\\nThe congregation, although organized and chartered, had as yet\\nno regular edifice for public worship, and it was not until 1815 that\\nthe first Synagogue was erected on the site of the jiresent building,\\nat the northeast corner of Liberty and Whitaker streets. The lot\\nwas granted by the City Council for the purpose, and the building\\nitself was only constructed of wood, and was of small dimensions.\\nIn 18.32-3 this building was destroyed by fire, but fortimately, it\\nhaving been insured to the amount of $1500, the congregation was\\nenabled to erect the present building, the difference of outlay\\nbetween the amount received from the insurance and the actual\\ncost of the new biiilding being obtained by contributions. With\\nall this, however, the congi-egation continued to remain small in\\nnumbers, which is to be attributed to the fact that no clergyman\\nwas engaged to perform divine worship, and the severe laws of\\nthe congregation prevented foreign Jews from becoming members.\\nTime, however, cured all evils, and as soon as these restrictions,,\\nwhich impeded the progress of the congr-egation, were removed, a\\nnew life was infused into it. Thus, in the year 1852, the names of\\nseveral foreigners were to be found on the list of members, and the\\nfirst regular minister was appointed, after the Mickva Israels\\nhad been in existence over one himdred and twenty years. The\\nRev. Jacob Rosenfeld was the first incumbent, but in 1861 he\\nresigned, and the congregation again continued to be without the", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0202.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "CHURCHEg. IJ3\\nservices of a minister. This state of things continued during the\\nwar, services, however, being performed by a lay-reader.\\nIn January, 1867, Abraham Einstein, Esq., was called to the\\npresidential chair, and vipon assuming the duties of his office he\\nbrought into the congregation about thirty new members. The\\nwant of a minister was then for the first time severely felt, and\\nsteps were at once taken to secure one. A correspondence was\\nopened with the Rev. E. D C. Lewin, minister of a congregation in\\nShreveport, La., and the position in the Mickva Israel was ten-\\ndered to him by the Adjunta of that body. The Eev. Mr. Lewin\\naccepted, and arrived in Savannah in March, 1867. Since that\\ntime many changes have taken place in the congregation, foremost\\namong which have been the changes produced in synagogue wor-\\nship and in the forms of the Jewish religion the Eev. Mr. Lewin\\nbeing a liberalist, and a progressionist, and belonging to that school\\nof Judaism popularly denominated the reform school.\\nThe Mickva Israel numbers about fifty members, and if the\\ngovernment of the congregation continues to be conducted in the\\nn me spirit as it is at present, it must undoubtedly be among the\\nmost prosperous in the country.\\nCoNGBEGATioN B nai Beeith Jacob. This congregation was\\nfounded in September, 1860, after the departure of the Eev. J.\\nEosenfeld from the Mickva Israel congregation. It owes its\\norigin to a society bearing the name of B nai Eerith, which existed\\nprior to the formation of the congregation, but which resolved\\nitself into the congregation, retaining the original name with the\\naddition of the title Jacob. In 1861 it was chartered, and com-\\nmenced from that time worshipping in Armory Hall. The first\\npresident was Mr. Eosenfeld, who also officiated gratuitously as\\nminister until August, 1865, when, leaving Savannah to do b^^si-\\nness in Tallahassee, Florida, Mr. Simon Gertsman commenced offi-\\nciating as lay reader gratuitoi;sly. In January, 1867, this gentle-\\nman was elected president, from which date he commenced active\\nmeasures to encourage the congregation by endeavoring to have a\\npermanent building erected as a place of worship. By dint of\\ngreat energy and perseverance, and after many trials and obstacles,\\nhe succeeded in his praiseworthy designs, and on the 16th of\\nJuly of the same year the corner-stone of the building was laid\\nby the Eev. E. D C. Lewin with all the ceremonies and pomp\\nattendant on such occasions. The work of building progressed so\\nrapidlj under the management of the architects, Messrs. Muller\\n15*", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0203.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "174 HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNA_H.\\nBruyu, that iu the thuxl month after the laj-ing of the coruer-stoue,\\nou the 27th of September, 1867, the Synagogue was solemnly dedi-\\ncated to the God of Israel by Eev. R. D C. Lewin, and the congi-e-\\ngatiou commenced regular worship in the new edifice. In January,\\n18G8, Mr. Gertsman resigned the office of in-esident and ceased\\nofficiating as lay reader. He was succeeded in the presidential\\nchair by Mr. A. B. Weslow, and Mr. Kosenfeld, having given up his\\nbusiness in Florida and returned to Savannah, was elected the\\npaid minister of the congregation. The congregation consists of\\nabout thirty members, nearly all of whom are natives of Poland.\\nThe Minhag of the congregation is Polish, according to the\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2orthodox form, although some few changes have been introduced.\\nThe congregation, though still young, promises to do well, and\\nwill doubtless progress as it grows older.\\nLutheran Chukch. There is little if any record remaining of\\nthe estiiblishment of the Lutheran religion by the Salzburgers iu\\nSavannah. From the best information that can be gained, it\\nappears that many members of the various colonies of Salzburgers\\nwho, during the period between 1736 and 1744, fled to Georgia t.)\\navoid persecution in their own land on account of their religioii,\\nremained in Savannah and formed the nucleus of a church organi-\\nzation about the year 1744. It was, however, for several years,\\nregarded as a missionary ground, and the members were preached\\nto at intervals by Eevs. John Martin Bolzius and Israel Christian\\nGronau, of Ebenezer, and Eev. U. Driesler, of Frederica. A small\\nchurch was built upon the site occupied by the i:)reseut church, on\\nthe eastern side of Wright square. Eevs. Ealjenhorst and Wattman\\nofficiated in 1759. Eev. Mr. Bergman took charge of the church a\\nshort time before the Eevolutionary war, during which the congre-\\ngation, though much scattered, kept up its organization, and in\\n1787 the church was fully organized with a full board of elders\\nand wardens. The services were conducted iu the German lan-\\nguage, of which the yoimger portion of the congregation were\\nignorant, a want of interest was manifested, the congregation\\ndecreased, and finally the church was closed. In 1824 Dr. Bach-\\nman, of Charleston, came over, and finding the families of Mr.\\nFrederick Herb, Mr. Snider, Mr. Haupt, Mr. Spann, Mr. Gougle,\\nMr. Felt, Mrs. S. Cooper, Mrs. N. Werimau, and Mrs. L. Cooper,\\nstill attached to the faith, endeavored to resuscitate the congrega-\\nMeaninpf custom as in tlie form of ritual and pronunciation of the He\\nbrew.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0204.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "CHITRCHES. 175\\ntion, in -n-hich eft ort he was successful. Rev. Stephen A. Mealy\\ncame from Charleston in this year and took charge of the congre-\\ngation, conducting the services in English. He remained until\\n1839, -when he accepted a call to Philadelphia. Rev. N. Aldrich, of\\n\u00e2\u0082\u00acharleston, became pastor in 1840. In 1843 the present building\\nwas erected, and was dedicated in the fall by the pastor, aided by\\nRev. Dr. Bachman. In 1850 Mr. Aldrich was succeeded by Rev.\\nA. J. Karn, who remained until 1859. The church was closed until\\n1861, when Rev. J. Hawkins took charge, but he remained only\\neight or nine months. On his departure the church was again\\nclosed until the 1st of June, 1863, at which time the present pastor.\\nRev. D. M. Gilbert, took charge.\\nThe church has about one hundred and thirty communicants, a\\nfine Sunday-school numbering one hundred and seventy-five pupils\\nunder the superintendence of Mr. J. T. Thomas, and is in a flour-\\nishing condition. During the later periods, when the church was\\nclosed, the Sunday-school was in fixll operation, and devotional\\nexercises were occasionally held.\\nPkjesbyxeeian. The first Presbyterian society in Savannah w:iA\\norganized about the year 1755, Rev. J. J. Zubly, D. D., pastor.\\nThe exact location of the first church is not known, but it was in\\nDecker ward, and was destroyed by the fire of 1796. Another\\nchurch was erected on the corner of York, President, and ^Vllitaker\\nstreets, where a large livery stable now stands. The steeple of\\nthis church was blown down and the Vwilding injured during the\\ngale of 1804. It was repaired and used until 1819, when it was\\ntaken down, and the congregation removed to the Independent\\nPresbyterian church on Bull street, which is one of the most ele-\\ngant and spacious houses of worship in the country. It was com-\\nmenced in 1815 and completed in 1819, when it was dedicated by\\nRev. Dr. Henry KoUock, who died the following December. Rev.\\nDr. I. S. K. Axson is the present i^astor of the church.\\nThe elders since 1800 are Thomas Young, John Gibbons, John\\nBolton, Jno. Hunter, Edward Stebbins, Geo. Harrell, Jno. Milieu,\\nJohn Cnmming, Benjamin BniTOughs, Moses Cleland, George W.\\nCoe, John Lewis, George W. Anderson, James Smith, William Law,\\nWilliam Bee, G. B. Cumming, John Stoddard, G. B. Laiuiir, B. B.\\nHopkins.\\nThe pastors who have had charge of the church since its organi-\\nzation are: Revs. John J. Zubly, D. D., Walter Monteith, Robert\\nSmith, Samuel Clarkson, D. D., Henry KoUock. D. D., William D-", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0205.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "-[76 HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nSnodgrass, D. D., Samuel B. Hot D. D., Daniel Baker, Willard\\nPreston, D. D., and I. S. K. Axson, D. D., the present pastor, who\\nhas been in charge since 1856.\\nMessrs. George W. Anderson, William Law, George B. Camming,\\nWilliam H. Baker, John D. Hopkins, and Charles H. Ohnstead are\\nElders, and Francis SoiTel, Anthony Porter, William Duncan, Chas.\\nGreen, and Charles F. Miller, Trustees.\\nThere are three hundred and thirty-five communicants in this\\nchurch, which has attached to it a fine Sunday-school, numbering\\none hundred and eighty-five scholars and teachers, under the\\nsuperintendence of John D. Hoi^kins, Chas. H. Olmstead, Assistant\\nSuperintendent.\\nThe First Pkesbyteeian Chukch of Savannah was formally organ-\\nized by the Presbytery of Georgia at a called meeting held in tlie\\nold Baptist church on the 6th of June, 1827 the opening sermon\\nbeing preached by the moderator, Eev. N. A. Pratt, of Darien.\\nThe number of members constituting the church then organized\\nwas about fifteen, the names of the following only being now\\nknown: James Gumming, Lowell Mason, Mrs. Gardiner, Miss Clif-\\nton, George G. Faries, W. King, Mrs. Coppee, Miss Burns, Edward\\nCoppee, Miss M. Lavender, and Mrs. Faries.\\nThe elders of the church, chosen immediately after its organiza-\\ntion, were: James Cumming. George G. Faries, E. Coppee, and L.\\nMason. Subsequent elders have been: W. Crabtree, J. J. Maxwell,\\nB. E. Hand, John IngersoU, E. J. Harden, Charles West, H. A.\\nCrane, and J. F. Cann.\\nThe first church was built upon the north side of Broughtou,\\nbetween Jefi erson and Barnard streets, in 1833. Some time after\\nthe congregation left it, it was purchased by the Young Men s\\nChristian association and removed to the northwest corner of Ann\\nand Orange streets, where it was used for some time by the associa-\\ntion, and was lately destroyed by fire. The i^resent church edifice,\\nsituated on the east side of Monterey square, was commenced in\\n1856, but, ov. ing to the loss of money and other circumstances\\nbeyond the control of the congregation, has not been complete 1.\\nThe work upon it, which was stopped at the commencement of\\nthe late war, will, it is thought, be soon recommenced, and a\\nspacious and elegant building be erected. There are at present\\nabout eighty-five communicants. Judge E. J. Harden is superin-\\nAll of the original members, excepting Mr. King and Mrs. Coppee, are\\ndead.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0206.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "CHURCHES. ^rjrjr\\ntendent of the Sunday-school, which uumbers some sixty pupils.\\nRev. David H. Porter is i^astor, and H. A. Crane, E. J. Harden,\\nand A. M. Sloan, elders.\\nThe i^astors of the church, with an apiDroximatiou of the dates\\nof their ministry, are named as follows: Kevs: Mr. Boggs, 1828;\\nJames C. Stiles, 1829; C. C. Jones, 1830; Mr. Holt, 1832; C. Blodget,\\n1832; J. L. Merrick, 1834; T. F. Scott, 1835; J. L. Jones, 1840\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nvacancy one year; B. M. Palmer, 1843 vacancy one year; J. B.\\nBoss, 1853; John Jones, 1854; C. B. King, 1855; David H. Porter\\n(the present pastor), 1855.\\nMethodism. The first preacher sent to Savannah to propagate\\nthe doctrines of the Methodist Episcopal church was Eev. Beverly\\nAllen, who came in 1785. He was followed by Revs. Hope Hull,\\nThomas Humphries, John Major, John Crawford, Phillip Mathews,\\nHezekiah Arnold, Wheeler Grisson, John Bonner, Jonathan Jack-\\nsou, John Garvin, and Samuel Dunwoody, the latter of whom, in\\n1806, succeeded in organizing a Methodist society, and services\\nwere conducted in the houses of the Methodists. Rev. Hope Hull,\\nfor several years, jDreached in a cabinet-maker s shop belonging to-\\nMr. Lowry. The society, in 1813, while under the pastoral charga\\nof Eev. James Russell, commenced building a house of worship at\\nthe northeast corner of Lincoln and South Broad streets. It was\\ncompleted in 1816, and dedicated by Rev. Lewis Myers. Thi. i\\nedifice was called\\nThe Wesley Chapel. After being enlarged, remodeled, and\\nrepaired several times, the chapel was sold to Mr. W. B. Adams, in\\n1866, w^ho converted it into private residences. A Sunday-school\\nand lectiire room was erected next to the church, but was destroyed\\nby fii e several years since. The congregation then purchased the\\nbuilding at the corner of WajTie and Drayton streets, formerly\\nbelonging to the German Lutheran congregation. The congre-\\ngation is under the pastoral charge of Rev. D. D. Cox, and has\\none hundi ed and forty members. There is also a good Sunday-\\nschool, under the superintendence of Mr. J. H. Newman. The\\nofficial members are John Clements, A. C. Miller, W. H. Hubbard,\\nW. H. Burrell, A. G. Base; I. S. Anderson, Secretary of church\\nmeeting. The parsonage is located on the northeast corner of\\nState and Habersham streets.\\nTkinity Chuech, a large and commodious brick edifice, and one\\nof the handsomest churches in the city, is located on the west\\nside of St. James square. It was commenced in 1848, during the", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0207.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "[78\\nHISTORICAL KECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\npastorate of Rev. Dr. Alfred T. 3Iauu, and completed in JS.jO,\\nunder the pastorate of Rev. .1. E. Evans, and the following year\\nwas dedicated by Rev. Dr. ]\\\\[ann. The present membership num-\\nbers fom- hundred and twenty-six, Rev. G. G. N. McDonell pastoi\\nThe stewards of the church are: R. D. Walker, John Houston.\\nC. D. Rogers, James Lachlison, AVilliam M. V/eaver, R. Mclntire,\\nC. A. Magill, J. R. Saussy, J. H. Newman, Beujamm Gammon.\\nRev. E. Heidt, elder, and George Allen, deacon, are local preachers:\\nH. II. Tatem, Secretary of church meeting. The parsonage is\\nlocated on the east side of Orleans square, and was bequeathed to\\nthe church by Mrs. JIary /Vnn Staflbrd in 1 8(50, who also left about\\n$20,000 in negro property for the poor of the church. The Sunday-\\nscliool, with about three hundred and fifty scholars, is under the\\nsuperintendence of Mr. C. D. Rogers.\\nThe Andreav Chapel was built for the colored people in ISi.\\nthrough the energetic and persevermg efforts of G. F. Pearce. For\\ntwenty years it was supplied with i)astors by the Georgia Annual\\nConference, and had a large and flourishing membership. After the\\noccupation of Savannah by General Sherman s army the gTeat mass\\nof the members united with the African M. E. Church, and have\\nbeen supplied with pastors from that body ever since. The property\\nis still held, however, by the trustees of the M. E. Church South,\\nand a few of the old membei s continue faithful to their former\\nchurch relations.\\nThe trustees, who hold all pi opei ty belonging to the j\\\\I. E. Churc h\\nSouth in Savannah, are Robert D. Walker, E. Heidt, C. A. Magill,\\nJ. R. Saussy, Robert 3[clntire, Benjamin Gammon, C. D. Rogers,\\nJohn Houston.\\nThe names of all of the Methodist ministers ever stationed in\\nSavannah are appended, many having been appointed here two or\\nmore times Revs. Beverly Allen, Thomas Humphries, John Major,\\nJohn Crawford, Phillip Mathews, Hope Hull, Ilezekiah Arnold,\\nWheeler Grisaon, John Bonnei-, Jonathan Jackson, John Garvin,\\nSamuel Dunwoody, Jones II. Mallai d, John McVean, Irving\\nCooper, James H. Kogler, Whitman C. Hill, James Russell, Ilemy\\nRoss, Solomon Bryan, AVm. Capers (afterward Bishop), John How-\\nard, James O. Andrew (afterward Bishop), George Wliite, E. J.\\nFitzgerald, Thomas L. Wynn, George Hill, Charles Hardy, Elijah\\nSinclair, Benjamin Pope, Ignatius A. Few, George F. Pierce (after-\\nward Bishop), Alexander Speer, James R. Evans, James Sewell,\\nMiller H. White, James B. Jackson, Daniel Cun-ie, Joseph Lewis.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0208.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "CHUUOHKS. Y{i^\\nCaleb W. Key, A. T. Manu. W K. Btauhum, Robert Connor,\\nLo-vick Pierce, Wni. M. Crumley, Joshua S. Payne, Charles F.\\nCooper, Thomas H. Jordan, G. G. N. Macdonnell, Joseph S. Key,\\nJames ]M. Dickie, D. T. Holmes, Lewis B. Payne, W. II. Potter,\\nL. G. R. Wiggings, W. P. Pledger, H. James, R. F. Breedlove, E.\\nW. Speer, J.T. Nonis, J. R. Caldwell, W. S. Baker, Walter Knox\u00c2\u00bb\\nAlexander M. Wynn, John W. Turner, John F. Ellerson, A. J.\\nCorley, and D. D. Cox.\\nThe Baptist Chuecii. About the year 1 T a Baptist house of\\nworship was erected on Franklin square m this city, by different\\ndenominations both here and in South Carolina. The house, in an\\nunfinished state, was rented for several years to the Presbyterian\\ncongregation, theirs having been destroyed by fire. In 1 799, before\\nthe expu ation of the lease, the Rev. Henry Holcombe, of Beaufort,\\nS. C, was chosen pastor of the congregation, then consisting of\\ndifferent denominations. His salaiy was $2,000 per annum. The\\nhouse of worship was dedicated on the 17th of AprU, 1800, and the\\nchurch was dedicated on the 2( th of November, in the same year.\\nThe Rev. Henry Holcombe was the pastor. A baptisteiy was\\nplaced in the church ui 1 SOO, and the first person baptised was a\\n3Irs. Jones.\\nIn the year 179. the coiporation of Savannah conveyed to Iho\\nchurch, in fee simple, the lot (No. 19) on Franklin square, now oc-\\ncupied by the First African Baptist church. The following persons\\npetitioned the legislatirre of Georgia for the charter of incorporation\\nRe^-. Henry Holcombe, pastor; George Mosse, W. H Matthers,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2John Rose, Elias Robert, Joseph Wiseman, Theodore Carlton,\\nJoseph Davis, Isaac Sibley, and Wm. Parker.\\nWorship was continued on Franklin square until the year 183;!,\\nabout w^hich time the brick building on Chippewa square in Brown\\nward was finished. The building Avas enlarged in 1 839, during the\\nministry of Rev. J. G. Binney. This building cost, in the aggi egate,\\nabout f-to.ooo, and is the one in which the church is now worshij)-\\ning.\\nThe following are the pastors of the church from its organization\\nto the present time: Henry Holcombe, D. D., from 1799 to 181 1\\n\\\\S. B. Johnson, D. D., 1811 to 181. Benj. Scriven, 1815 to 1819;\\nJas. Sweat, 1819 to 1822; Thomas Meredith, 1822 to 1824; Henry\\nO. Wyer, 1825 to 1834; Josiah S. Law, 1834 to 1835; Charles B.\\nJones, 183r to 1836 J. G. Binney, 183(5 to 1843 Henry O. Wyer,\\n1843 to 184;-i; Albert Williams, 184r, to 1847.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0209.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "2gO HISTORICAL RECOKD OF SAVANNAH.\\nOn the Uli of February, 1847, the church divided, Rev. Albert\\nWilliams, pastor. Thenceforward the two branches were popularly\\nknown as the First and Second Baptist churches, though the former\\nnever changed its corporate name. Those who constituted the Sec-\\nond Baptist chiu ch purchased the building then owned by the Uni-\\ntarians on the southwest comer of Bull and York streets, where\\nthey contiuued to worship until the (3th of February, 1851t, when they\\ndissolved, and the reunion of the Baptists of Savannah occmred\\n(after a separation of twelve years almost to a day) on the nth of\\nFebruary, 185 J.\\nPastors of the First Church liev. Albert Williams, a part of\\n1847; Kev. Jos. T. Roberts, from l.s47 to I84t\u00c2\u00bb; Rev. Thomas\\nRambaut, IS-iy to 1855 Rev. J. B. Stiteler, 1855 to 1856 Rev. S.\\nG. Daniel, 1856 to 1851). .a\\nPastors of the Second Church: Rev. Henry O. Wyer, from 1847\\nto 184M; Rev. J. P. Tustiu, 184!) to 1854; Rev. Heniy O. Wyer,\\n1854 to 1855; Rev. M. Winston, 1855 to 1851).\\nRev. Sylvanus Landrum (the present pastor) was called to Savan-\\nnah in November, 1851), and settled with the church on the first day\\nof the following month.\\nThe deacons chosen on the od of March, 185it, were George W.\\nDavis, James E. Hogg, O. M. Lillibridgc, John W. Rabun, William\\nF. Chaplin, and Isaac Brunner, four of whom are still living and in\\noffice.\\nIn 1861 the church constructed the lecture and Sunday-school\\nroom in the basement of their building, and in 1 S(J2 purchased the\\nPastor s Plome, on the corner of Jones and Drayton streets. During\\nthe year 18G8, tliey purchased a lot (No. ID) in Loydjvard, comer\\nof Barnard and Gwinnett streets, on which a mission church is to be\\nbuilt. Tlie number of communicants is four hundred and fifteen.\\n^Tlie Sunday-school was organized on the 2 Jth of April, 1827, and\\nis finely arranged and admirably conducted. Mr. B. M. Zettler is\\nsuperintendent and C. W. West secretar}^ The number of teachers\\nis thirty-four scholars, one hundred and eighty.\\nThis church has no colored members. There are, however, three\\ncolored Baptist churches in the city. The first and second own good\\nbuildings and have a veiy large membership.\\nThe government of the Savannah Baptist church, according to the\\npractice of the denomination, is congregational, or fhdependent.\\nThe church transacts her own business, executes her own discipline,\\nand her decisions are final. She, however, holds an associated con-", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0210.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "CHURCHES.\\n181\\nuection, for benevolent purposes, with the New Buubuiy Association\\nand with the Georgia Baptist Convention.\\nThe Catholic CmjKcn. The Catholic religion was established\\nin Savannah during the latter part of the last century. The first\\nbuilding was erected in Liberty square, and was taken down in 183iS.\\nThere are about eight thousand five hundred members of this church\\nin Savannah, which is divided into two parishes, St. John s and St.\\nPatrick s. The former parish has about five thousand persons in it,\\nwho worsliip at the St. John s cathedral, a magnificent and capacious\\nedifice, located on the east side of Drayton, at the corner of Perry\\nstreet. Right Rev. Bishop A. Verot, and Rev. Fathers W. J. Ham-\\nilton and P. Whelau officiate in this parish. St. Patrick s parish\\nwas organized on the Gth of November, 18Gr St. Patrick s chm-ch,\\nin which the members of this parish, three thousand five hundi ed\\nin number, worship has been used as a church edifice since the 8th\\nof November, 1863. Very Rev. Peter Dufau, Vicar-General of\\nthe diocese, and Rev. Father C. C. Prendergast are in charge of this\\nparish. The Sisters of Om- Lady of Mercy have an extensive build-\\ning situated on Liberty street, in which about two hundred females\\nare instnicted. A large number of them are orphans, under the\\ncare of the sisters, and a considerable nuTuber besides receive gra-\\ntuitous instruction.\\nThe Pknfield Marineks Church, located on Bay, near Lincoln\\n.street, was erected in 1831 with the money bequeathed for the pur-\\npose by Rev. Josiah Penfield.\\nThe church is now under the management of the Savannah Port\\nSocietj^ which was organized on the 21st of November, 1843, for\\nthe puipose of f mulshing seamen with regular evangelical ministra-\\ntration of the Gospel, and such other religious instruction as may be\\nfound practicable. Messrs. John Lewis, W. W. Wash, Asa Holt,\\nRobert M. Goodwin, John Ingersoll, Wm. Duncan, Robt. A. Lewis,\\nSamuel Philbrick, S. Goodall, Benjamin Snider, J. R. Wilder, Thos.\\nClark. jMichael Dillon, Charles Green, Rev. P. A. Strobel, Rev. E.\\nF. Neufville, D. D., Rev. W. Preston, D. D., Captain William\\nC rabtree, Joseph Felt, John Stoddard, Joseph George, Edward\\nWiley, Green Fleetwood, Edward Padelford, Joseph Cumming,\\nJohn J. Maxwell, Mathew Hopkins, J. C. Dunning, and D. B. Will-\\niams, were among the founders.\\nThe officers of the Society are J. T. Thomas, President John\\nI). Hopkins, 1 St Vice-President C. D. Rogers. 2d Vice-President", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0211.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "182\\nHWTOKICAIi KECORD OV SAVANNA-H.\\nD. G. Parso. Treasurer; C. H. Ohnstead, Recording Secretary; J.\\nR. Ssiussy, {)rre poii(ling Secretary; Kev. Kichard Webb, Chaplain.\\nHENEVOLKNT SOCIETIES.\\nT ic hoeieties in Savannah for the amelioration of the wants of the\\npoor and distressed, and for the purpose of fostering fraternal rela-\\ntions, arc numerous and flourishing. The records of the more\\nprominent ones will l)e found below.\\nMA30XIC. There is little else but tradition left regarding the ori-\\ngin of the first [jodge of the brethren of the mystic tie in Georgia.\\nIt is asseiled that, early in 173;;, a number of Masons under the\\nleadership of General Oglethorpe, while at Sunbury, then a small\\nsettlement, organized, under a large oak tree,* a Lodge known after-\\nward as the Savannah Lodge. This Lodge was chartered, in 1735,\\nas Solomon s Lodge. After 1800, the Union, L Esiierauce, Hiram,\\nand Oglethorpe Lodges were organized. During the Morgan\\nexcitement all the Lodges, excepting Solomon s, wei c broken up.\\nThe first hall erected for the meetings of the Lodges is situated on\\nPresident street, near St. James square. It is a long two-story\\nframe iMiilding, now used as a private residence. The present hall,\\niu whicli both the Titasonic and Odd Fellows Lodges meet, is an ele-\\ngant brick slruolure situated on IJrougliton. at the northeast corner\\nof Bull street.\\nThe Solomon s ijodge, No. 1, A. F. M. (first known as tlie SaTan-\\nnah Lodge), was organized in 1 733 ;ind chartered in 1 73r). It is the\\noldest chartered Lodge iu the United States. From 1 77() to 1 78.\\nowing to the Revolutionary war, no meetings were held, and the\\nrecords were lost. The officers are P. IM. John Nicolson, W. M.;\\nBros. J. Lachlison, S. W.; Bernard Brady, J. W.; J. C. Biiiyn,\\nTrcas.; J. II. Estill, Sec; John Oliver, S. D.; R. II. Lewis, J. D.;\\nA. G. McAithur, Harmon A. Elkins, Stewards De Witt Bruyn,\\nOrganist John F. Herb, Tyler.\\nGeorgia Chapter, No. 3, R. A. M., was established in 1818. The\\nfollowing are the officers: P. 11. P. Richard T. Turner. M. E. H. P.;\\nCompanions R. J. Nunn, E. K.; Thomas Baleutyne. E. S.; Rev.\\nSylvanus Landrum, Chaplain; S. P. Hamilton, C. H.; E. W.\\nMarsh, P. S.; C. Ileiusius, R. 4, C; J. H. Dews, M. 3d V.; Chas.\\nA chair was made of a portion of this tree, and now ornaments the Masonio\\nT/Odgc. room in the Masonic Hall.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0212.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "BKNEV LENT SOOIE ITIH. |gj{\\nPratt, M. M V.: J. C. Mc]S[ult3\\\\ jM. 1st V.: J. T. SiK.ni. ss. Treas.;\\nJ. H. Estill, See.; M. ]Vr. Eelisario, Senlinol.\\nZerubbabel Lodge, No. A. F. 31., was chartered on tlic 5tli\\nof November, 1 S4(\u00c2\u00bb. The officers are P. M. L. M. Sliafer,\\nW. M.; Rev, Bro. R. D C. I-ewin, S. W.; Bro. Simon Hextev, J. W.:\\nP. M. Alfred Haywood, Treas.; J. A. Sullivan, Sec; Jas. Ma)ming,\\nD.; WiUiam I). Sullivan, J. D.; Jacob Belsinger, JVIoiitz Kohl,\\nJ. Vetsburg, Stewards; I. 11. HoUem, Organist; J. F. Herb, Tyler.\\nClinton Lodge, No. r i, F. A. M., was chartered on the 27th of\\nOctober, 1847. The officers are: P. M. C. F. Blancho, W. M.; P.\\nM. 31. M. Belisario, S. W.; Bros. John G. Blitch, J. W.; Wm. M.\\nDavidson, Treas. Levy E. By ck. Sec; Lewis Kay ton, S. D.; David\\nCockshutt, J. D.: John F. Herb, Tyler.\\nAncient Landmark Lodge, No. 2:^1, was chaitered on the loth of\\nNovember, 185ii. The followmg are the officers: Bros. Rufus E.\\nLester, W. M.; C. lleinsius, S. W.; E. \\\\Y. Marsh, J. W.; 0. M.\\nCvmningham, Treas.; F. R. Sweat, Sec; A. A. E. W. Barclay, 8.\\nD.; E. W. 3[arsh, J. D.; John F. Herb, Tyler.\\nPalestine Commaudery, No. 7, K. T., was instituted on the 15th\\nof April, 18()7. The officers are: Theodore B. Marshall, E. C;\\nR. J. Nunn, G.; J. IL Gould, C. G.; E. W. S. Neff, Ti-eas.; J. A.\\nRoberts, P.; Rufus E. Lester, S. W.; S. P. Hamilton, J. W.; L. M.\\nvSliafer, R.; J. H. Estill, John H. Dew, Standard Bearers; John\\nNicolson, Warden; W. F. Parker, Sentinel.\\nThe Union Society, whose achievements, to use the language of\\nthat gifted divine. Rev. Willard Preston, consist in rescuing the\\nmind from the worst of despotisms the cruel, degrading, witheiing\\ngrasp of ignorance in training it to effort and to useful enterprise\\nin rescuing the child of misfortune from the deep and ovenvhelming,\\nand but too often demoralizing and ruinous, depressions of poverty,\\nand conseriuentl}^ relieving the widow from those burdens which\\noften sink her into an untimely grave, was oi-ganized in 17.50 by five\\ngentlemen of live distinct religious denominations, having for their\\nleading object the education of oii)han children in indigent circum-\\nstances. Tradition has rescued from oblivion only thi ee of the\\nfoimders, viz Benjamin Shefftall, Peter Tondee, and Richard Mil-\\niedge. They called themselves the St. George s Society, and held\\ntheir anniversaries on the 2ad day of April, the calendar day of the\\nranonization of the tutelar saint of England. The records were de-\\nstroyed by the British when they evacuated the city in 1 782, and", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0213.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "184^ HISTORICAL, RECOBD OF SAVANNAH.\\nvery -little is known of its early history. Among tbe rules was one\\nrequiring each member to contribute two pence weekly to carry out\\nthe object of the society another, that any three of its members\\nshould hold regular meetings and celebrate its amiiversaries. Twen-\\nty-eight yeai s after its organization this rule saved the society from\\nextinction. When Savannah was captured by the British in De-\\ncember, 1778, a large number of citizens (among them a number of\\nmembers of the Union Society) and soldiers was placed on board of\\nthe prison-ships. A few days after, those of the prisoners who held\\noffice in the American army were sent, under parole, to Sunbury, a\\ntown forty miles distant, on the seacoast. Among these were four\\nmembers of the society, Mordecai Shefftall, John Martin, John\\nStirk, and Josiah Powell, who were kept there three years, during\\nwhich time they observed the meetings and kept the anniversaries\\nof the society, at the first of which, held on the 23d of April, 1 779,\\nunder a large oak tree,* the following resolution was adopted\\nBy the unhappy fate of war, the members of the Union Society are some-\\nmade captives and others drove from the State, and by one of the rules of said\\nsociety it is ordered and resolved that so long as three members shall be to-\\ngether the Union Society shall exist; and there being now four members\\npresent who, being desirous as much as in them lies, notwithstanding they are\\nCAPTIVES, to continue so laudable an institution, have come to the following\\nresolve, to wit: To nominate and appoint officers for said society for the en-\\nsuing year as near and as agreeable to the rules of the society as they can\\nrecollect, the rules being lost or mislaid.\\nJosiah Powell was then elected president, Mordecai Shefl tall vice-\\npresident, and John Martin secretary. An enteitainment was then\\npartaken of, a number of British officers who had furnished it par-\\nticipating. The sentiments given on the occasion equally express\\nthe noble and honorable feelings of both parties. The first, by a\\nmember of the society, was The Union Society; the second, by\\na British officer, General George Washington, which was respon-\\nded to with equal magnanimity by an American officer, The King\\nof Great Britain.\\nThese gentlemen preserved the existence of the society, which in\\nThis tree was cut down some years after the meeting, and a beautiful box\\nmade of a portion of it. On the one hundredth anniversary (1850) of the society\\nthe box was presented to it by Mrs. Perla Sheftall Solomons, a descendant of\\none of the founders. The records and papers are now kept in this box, which\\nis laid before the president upon every anniversary.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0214.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES. iy5\\n1 786 was iucorporated by the legislatiu e of the State, with the title\\nof the Union Society. In 1 8, the Board of Managers of the society\\npurchased one hundred and twenty-five acres of the Bethesda estate\\nand erected buildmgs for the accommodation of the orphans under\\nits charge, and reinoved them thither. There are now twenty-three\\nboys under the charge of the society at Bethesda, which is under\\nthe superintendence of Rev. E. P. Brown.\\nThe officers are Abraham Minis, president G. Moxley Son-ell,\\nvice-president John T. Thomas, secretary D. G Purse, treasurer\\nEdward Padelford, Andrew Low, Octavus Cohen, W. M. Wadley,\\nC. H. Olmstead, F. W. Sims, R. Morgan. J. L. Yillalonga, J. W.\\nLathrop, board of managers; Henry Bryan, E. J. ]\\\\Ioses, stewards.\\nThe following list embraces the presidents of the society so far as\\nknown. From 1750 to 1778 there is no record to show who filled\\nthe responsible position. In 1770 Josiah Powell was president, in\\n1786 Wm. Stephens, in 1790 Noble Wmiberly Jones, from which\\nyear to the present the following have respectively held the position\\nJoseph Clay, Joseph Habersham, Wm. Stephens, George Jones,\\nJames P. Young, Mathew McAllister, Joseph Habersham, Charles\\nHanis, General David B. Mitchell, Wm. B. Bulloch, Wm. Davies,\\nJ. McPherson Bemen, James Johnston, Dr. Moses Sheftall, John\\nHunter, Richard W. Habersham, Steele White, Thomas Polhill,\\nJohn C. Nicoll, George W. Anderson, Francis Sorrell, Thomas\\nPurse, Dr. R. D. Arnold, Solomon Cohen, Edward Padelford, Jos.\\nS. Fay, Robert D. Walker, John M. Cooper, WUliam M. Wadley,\\nand Abraham Minis, the present i)resident.\\nRobert Habersham, Esq., one of our oldest and most respected\\n)nerchants, has been comiected with the society sixtj -two years,\\nand attends all of the anniversaries.\\nSt. Andrew s Society. This society, composed of the sons of\\nold Scotia, was organized about 1 790, its first president being Gene-\\nral Lachlau Mcintosh, with Sir George Houstoun as vice-president.\\nDuring the war of 1812 the society seems to have died, as we find\\nno notice of its meetings. About 1819 it was reorganized. In 1849\\nor 1 850 the society purchased the lot on the southwest corner of\\nBroughton and Jefferson streets, a nd erected upon it the present\\ncommodious hall. Duiing the war the treasmy became depleted,\\nand the society was forced to dispose of the property. Its decaying\\nfortunes have been revived of late, and the society is now in a\\nflourishing condition. The officers are John Cunningham, presi-\\n16*", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0215.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "186 HISTORICAL BECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\ndent Robt Lachlisou, first, aud Wm. Ilogers, second vice-president\\nE. A. McGill, secretary and treasurer Alexander Irving and A. G.\\nMc Arthur, stewards.\\nThe Medical Society. Upon petition, Noble Wimberly Jones.\\nJohn Irvine, John Grimes, Lemuel Kollock, John Gumming, Jas.\\nEwell, Moses Sheftall, Joshua E. White, William Parker, Thomas\\nSchley, George Jones, George Vinson Proctor, Hemy Bourquin,\\nThomas Young, Jr., Peter Ward, William Cocke, James Glenn,\\nand Nicholas S. Bayard, who had associated themselves under the\\nabove name for imi\u00c2\u00bbroving the science of mcdicme and lessenmg\\nthe fataUty induced by climate and incidental causes, were gi-anted\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2a charter by the legislature on the 12th of December, 1804.\\nAt that period rice was cultivated on the low lands adjacent\\nto the city, up to the very door-sills of the houses. This societj\\nearly took the stand that, with our semi-tropical climate, there could\\nfee no worse nor more malignant incidental cause of disease than the\\nstagnant water which remains on the rice fields exposed to an ar-\\ndent summer sun and the subsequent exposure of the satm aled soil\\nwhen the water is drained off. As an eff ort toward the abatement\\nof the evil, the society proposed a plan of dry culture providing that\\nthe lands then cultivated in rice, which obligates wet culture, should\\nbe cultivated solely in such jiroducts as necessitated drainage aud\\ndry culture. The prohibition of rice culture within a radius of one\\ninile from the city limits was suggested as a remedial measure. But\\nrice lauds were valuable, and the owners of the land lying within\\nthe prescribed radius demurred to the project of putting their lauds\\nunder dry culture when they were much more valuable under wet\\nculture. The society persevered until, in 1817, the land owners\\ncame to terms, and, in consideration of the sum of forty dollars per\\nacre, agreed to bind their lands for ever from being cultivated in wet\\nculture. Savannah then had a population of about six thousand\\n(about two fifths black) and paid two hundred thousand dollars to\\ncarry the project into effect. Well did Dr. R. D. Arnold^ remark,\\nin a lecture delivered before the Medical Society in 1868, that this\\ncontribution was a noble monument to the liberality of lier citi-\\nzens and a high tribute to the estimation in which our profession\\nwas held, when a sum so large in proportion to her population was\\nfreely given in support of what many still maintained was a mere\\ntheoretical idea. But it was a practical idea. Never were more\\ndecided results produced from any given cause.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0216.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "BENKVOLENT SOCIETIES 137\\nThe officers of the Society are Juriah Ilanis, president Jamea\\nB. Read, vice-president Joseph C Habersham, recordmg secretary\\nWilliam 31. Charters, corresponding secretary Jolm D. Fish, treas-\\nurer R. J. Nimn, librarian.\\nThe Hibernian Society was organized on the 17th of March,\\n1812, by a number of Irish citizens. Among the first members of\\nthe society were John Cumming, Zachary Miller, John Dillon, Da-\\nvid Bell, Isaac Minis, T. U. P. Charlton, and James Hunter. Of\\nthose who organized the society Mr. David Bell is the only one\\nliving. He is now eighty-nine years of age. He was one of the\\nlirst members of the Savannah Volunteer Guards, and was to be\\nfound in the ranks of the company upon every parade day imtil a\\nfew years ago, when age and infirmity prevented. He was with the\\nGuards on duty in the ti enches around the citj^ in 1812.\\nThe society has the following officers J. J. Kelly, president\\nJohn Mc^SIahon, vice-president L. J. Guilmartiu, treasurer John\\nR. Dillon, secretary P. R. Shiels, standard bearer.\\nOdd Fellows. Quotha, they are odd enoiv in excellence, says\\nan odd plajs and this is confirmed by the six societies in Savannah\\nwhich ara day by day developmg the holy principles of the order.\\nThe Oglelhoipe Lodge was instituted in 1 842. The officers are\\nD. Ferguson, N. G.; F. Kreiger, V. G.; C. Gross, P. and R. S.; J.\\nOliver, T.\\nLive Oak Lodge, No. o, was instituted in 1843. The following\\nare the officers: C. E. Wakefield, N. G.; John Cooper, V. G.; John\\nF. Herb, R. and P. G.; William E. White, T.\\nMagnolia Encampment was instituted in 1 S4. The officers are\\nF. D. Jordan, G. P.: J. F. Herb, S.: J. Neal, S. W.i T. H. Bolshaw,\\nJ. W.: C. E. Wakefield, II. P.\\nDe Kalb Lodge was instituted in is4. The officers are: C. W.\\nWest, N. G.; B. T. Cole, V. G.; W. S. Hubbard, P. and R. S.\\nWikbiey Degree Lodge was mstituted in 18G7. The officers are\\nJohn Neill, H. P.; T. H. Bolshaw. D. H. P.; Benjamin Cole, Jr.,\\nS.; C. E. Wakefield, T.\\nHaupt Lodge, No. .57, was instituted on the 14th of January, 1861).\\nThe oflicers are C. F. Blanche, N. G.; Tliomas H. Laird, V. G.;\\nT. W. McNish, P. and R. S.; Jos. B. Sibley, Treasurer.\\nThe lEisn Union Society was organized on the 17th of March,\\n1847, having for its object the amelioration of the condition of the\\nfellow countrjinen of its members. The first officers were John\\nMurphj^ president, and Philip Kean, vice-president John Everard,", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0217.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "188 HISTORICAL BECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\ntreasurer; Martin Duggan, secretary; Thomas Forde, standard\\nbearer. The officers now are Judge Dominick A. O Byrne, pre-\\nsident Andrew Flatley, vice-president William J. Flynn, secre-\\ntary John O Connell, standard bearer.\\nThe Hebrew Benevolent Society. The initiatory proceedings\\nfor the organization of this society took place on the evening of Sep-\\ntember 32d, 1851, at the house of Rudolph Einstem, Esq., where, at\\na meeting of Israelites specially convened for the purpose and pre-\\nsided over by Abraham Einstein, Esq., the plans for the establish-\\nment of the proposed society were discussed and committees\\nappointed to prepare the necessary constitution and enlist the\\nsympathies of the Israelites iu the project. Two evenings afterward\\na large and influential meeting was held at the house of Abraham\\nEinstein, Solomon Cohen presiding as chairman, on which occasion\\nthe society was established, eighty-one gentlemen having enrolled\\ntheir names as members. Solomon Cohen was elected president of\\nthe society, whose object is to minister to the necessities of the in-\\ndigent. In addition to the regular officers, a committee of four is\\nappointed, who possess supervisory power over the relief distributed.\\nThe officers are as follows Abraham Epstein, president Solomon\\nGardner, vice-president S. H. Eckmau, treasurer L. W. Stem,\\nsecretary; A. J. Brady, E. Ehrlich, S. E. Byck, trustees. The\\ncharity committee consists of Rev. R. D C. Lewin, chairman L.\\nLilienthal and J. M. Solomons.\\nThe Ladies German Benevolent Society was founded in 185i\\nIts object is identical with that of the Hebrew Benevolent Society.\\nThe meetings of the society are held quarterly. The officers are\\nJVIi s. Joseph Lippman, president Mrs. S. H. Eckman, treasurer\\nMrs. M. Loewenthal, secretary.\\nThe Harmonie C lub. The historj- of this club dates back to\\n1865. It was instituted for social and mental improvement, and\\nmade considerable progress under its first president, Mr. Wolf.\\nRenting St. Andrew s Hall for their meetings, the members of t!ie\\nclub are enabled to give those pleasant balls and social gathering\\nwhich add so much to the winter amusements of the city. The\\nofficers are M. Loewenthal, president L. Elsinger, vice-president\\nS. Gerstman, treasurer J. Vetsburg, secretary.\\nThe Young Men s Library Association was organized on the\\n24th of June, 18G6 under the auspices of Rev. A. M. Wynn, pastor\\nof Trinity Methodist church, and was composed only of young men", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0218.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "NEWSPAPERS. Jgg\\nconnected vith that church. On the loth of Jime, 1868, it was\\nreorganized, and thrown ojien to the .young men of all denomina-\\ntions. There are one hundred members connected with the asso-\\nciation, and about foiir hundred volumes in the library. The\\nofficers are General George P. Harrison, president Rev. G. G. N.\\nMcDonell, vice-president; F. L. Hale, secretary and treasurer; J.\\nC. Mather, librarian.\\nThe St. Geoeges Society, organized on the 18th of April, 1868,^\\nis composed entirely of Englishmen or their descendants, with the\\nfollowing officers: W. T. Smith (British Consul), president; John\\nOliver, ice-president W. C. Cosens, secretary; Alfred Haywood,\\ntreasui er.\\nJoseph Lodge, No. 76, I. 0. B. B., was organized on the 3d of\\nJune, 1866, for the advancement of the interests of the Jewish\\nreligion among its followers and for benevolent pixrposes. The\\nofficers are: Simon E. Byck, president; Isaac S. Davidson, vice-\\npresident; Isaac S. Cohen, secretary; Solomon Gardner, treasurer;\\nRev. E. D G. Lewiu, lecturer Philip Dzialynski, assistant monitor\\nJacob Cohen, warden; Isaac Cohen, guardian.\\nnewspapeks.\\nThe Georgia Gazette was started in Savannah on the 7th of\\nApril, 1763, by Mr. James Johnson, making the eighth newspaper\\nthen in the Colonies. This paper flourished as a weekly until 1799,\\nwhen it was sirspended. In the days of this newspaper there was\\nno local column, and the only matters published concerning the\\ncity affairs were the marriages, deaths, and arrivals of vessels.\\nIntercourse between Savannah and Charleston, in those days, was\\nfrequent. The Charleston editor obtained from the citizens of\\nSavamiah all information connected with the Forest City, and\\npublished it. This the Georgia Gazette would copy in its next\\nissue, about two weeks afterward. In the same way did the Savan-\\nnah paper get its information concerning matters in Charleston.\\nThe Savannah Republican. On the 1st of January, 1802, the\\nlirst number of The Georgia Republican, a semi-weekly paper,\\nissued Tuesday and Friday, made its appearance in Savannah, Ga.\\nedited and owned by John F. Everett, under which name it con-\\ntinued until March 10, 1807, when Jno. J. Evans became interested,\\nunder the firm name of Everett Evans. The iiublication was\\nthen changed to a tri-weekly afternoon edition, issued l\\\\iesdays,\\nThursdays, and Saturdays, under the name of The Republican", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0219.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "290 HISTORICAL UJ X ORD OF 8AVA ;KAH.\\naud SaA iiunah Eveuing Ledger. It was pviblished by Everett i\\\\-\\nEvans until the 28th of Jiine, 1810, when John J. Evans continued\\nit alone no annoi^ncement being made of the withdrawal of Mr.\\nEverett until the 1st of January, 1814, when Mr. Frederick S.\\nFell became the editor and proprietor the motto of the paper\\nFree Trade and no Iminessmeut.\\nOn the 11th of March. 1817, Mr. A. Mclntyre was tnken as a\\ncopartner into the concern, under the firm name of F. S. Fell Co.\\nOn the 17th of October, 1817, the paper was changed to a daily,\\nand continued as such during the fall and winter mouths, and\\nreturned, during the summer, to tri-weekly issues. During the\\nwinter, besides a daily, a tri-weekly was also issiied, which last ub-\\nlication was for country subscribers. The country, or tri-weekly\\npaper, contained all the matter of the daily, besides the new adver-\\ntisemenis. In both editions the Savannah market appeared weekly.\\nMotto of the paper, Truth withoiit Fear. It contained a large\\namount of reading matter, and the advertising columns were well\\npatronized. In order to accommodate its advertising patrons, it\\nwas necessary to issue, verj often, a sui;)plemental sheet.\\nOn the 30th of October, a fortnight after the paper was changed\\nItom tri-weekly to daily, it was considerably enlarged. The pages\\nof the former contained Ijut four columns, wliile those of the latter\\nhad five columns, printed on a sheet twenty-four by thirty inches.\\nThe price of the daily, #8; tri-weekly, \u00c2\u00bbG jier annum payable in\\nadvance. The enlargement of the paper did not do away ^^\u00e2\u0096\u00a0ith the\\nnecessity of issuing the regular supplemental sheets for advertise-\\nments, so encouraging was that branch of patronage.\\nOn the 10th of Febniary, 1818, the Eepublican and Ledger com-\\nmenced carrying on the job printing business in connection with\\nthe paper, having emploj ed one hand and a press for this\\nbranch of their business, exclusively.\\nIn June, 1818, F. S. Fell again published the paper alone thc\\nlirm name of F. S. Fell Co. having been discontinued.\\nOn the 21st of August, 1821, James G. Greenhow became asso-\\nciated with F. S. Fell, under the firm name of Fell Greenhow,.\\nwhich continued until March 30th, 1822, when the copartnership\\nwas dissolved and Mr. Fell became again sole proprietor and editor.\\nOn the 29th of May, 1830, Emanuel DeLaMotta took an interest\\nwith Mr. Fell, under the firm name of Fell DeLaMotta, which\\ncopartnership was dissolved on the 10th of October, 1831, by the\\ndeath, after a protracted illness, of Mr. Fell. This was the first", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0220.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "XKWSPAPKR^i.\\n191\\ndeath that occiincd to a pioprietor of the paper while iu the active\\ndischarge of his duties. Mr. Fell tilled the position of editor and\\npublisher of the Ilepiibiican seventeen years. The columns of the\\npaper were clad in deep mourning for three conseciitive issues\\nafter his death.\\nMr. DeLaMotta continued the publication of the Republican\\nalone from this date until June 1st, 1837, when Mr. I. Cleland\\nbecame interested with him, under the copartnershi}! name of\\nDeLaMotta Cleland, which remained in existence until the 11th\\nof June, 1839, when Mr. DeLaMotta withdrew. From this date\\nuntil February 15, 184:0, Mi Cleland was the sole publisher, when\\nhe became associated with Mr. William Hogan, ixnder the firm\\nname of Cleland Hogan. This last copartnership only lasted till\\nthe 6th of July of the same year, when ]Mr. Cleland sold out his\\ninterest to Mr. Charles Davis, former proprietor of the Brunswick\\nAdvocate. Hogan Davis was the firm name. Motto of the\\npaper: Union of the Whigs for the sake of the Union. It then\\nbecame an active advocate of Whig principles, and was imme-\\ndiately changed from an afternoon to a morning issue, and con-\\ntinued daily throughout the year, at $10 per annum.\\nOn the 12th of August, 1840 (the same year). Mi-. Hogan dis-\\nposed of his interest to Josejih L. Locke firm name Locke\\nDavis Mr. Locke senior editor and Mr. Davis commercial editor\\nand business director. On the 2Gth of the following October the\\npaper was again enlarged seven columns to the page and length\\nin proportion. This firm contmued until the 30th of June, 1847,\\nwhen, Mr. Davis health becoming impaired, necessarily requiring\\na change of climate, he sold his interest to Mr. Francis J. Winter.\\nMr. Winter only survived until the following March (1848), being\\nthe second proprietor who died while iii possession of an interest\\nin the concern.\\nThe firm name of Locke Winter continxied, after the death of\\nMr. Winter, until June 1st, 184:8, when Mr. Locke became sole\\nproprietor, and on the 17th of the following month (July) Mr. P.\\nW. Alexander took position as associate editor with Mr. Locke\\nthe paper published by J. L. Locke.\\nJanuary 22d, 1849, A. K. Moore acquired an interest in the\\nFiepublican and became its business manager.\\nJuly 1st, 1851, the price of subscription was reduced from $10\\nto $8 per annum.\\nOn the 1st of January. 1853, Mi-. Locke retired from the Ilepnb-", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0221.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "292 HISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVAJSNAH.\\ncan, having sold out his interest to his editorial associate, P. W\\nAlexander, who, in connection with Mr. Moore, published it under\\nthe firm name of P. W. Alexander Co. This copartnership\\ncontinued until the 19th of June, 1855, when Mr. Moore was\\nannounced as having retired, and Mr. James K. Sneed became a\\ncopartner with Mr. Alexander, under the firm name of Alexander\\nSneed. Though Mr. Sneed became interested in the pajier from\\nthis date, he did not arrive in Savannah, from Washington, Wilkes\\ncounty, Ga., until the 21st of August, following, and on the 22d\\nhis salutatory appeared, from which time he entered upon the\\nactive duties of associate editor with Mr. Alexander.\\nOn the 1st of July, 1856, Mr. Alexander withdrew from the\\nRepublican. His interest, being two thirds, was sold to Mr. James\\nR. Sneed and Mr. F. W. Sims, so as to make them equal owners,\\nand the firm name became that of Sneed Sims Mr. Sneed as\\nthe principal editor and Mr. Sims commercial editor and business\\nmanager. This firm continued until the 1st of January, 1858,\\nwhen Mr. Sneed disposed of his interest to his copartner, Mr.\\nSims, but continued as its editor until the capture of Savannah by\\nGeneral Sherman and his army.\\nOn the 29th of December, 1864, John E. Hayes, war corres-\\npondent of the New York Tribune, who had been following the\\narmy of General Sherman, took possession of the Republican office\\nand its contents, bj militarj authority, to publish a paper in the\\ninterest of the Federal government. He continued in tlie position\\nof its editor and projirietor up to the time of his death, which\\noccurred suddenly on the 16th day of September, 1868.\\nFrequent efforts were made by Mr. Sims (who had served in the\\nConfederate armies) to reclaim his office, but unsuccessfully. A\\ncompromise was at length agi-eed upon, and his claim submitted\\nto arbitration, when Mr. Sims was awarded about one fourth of\\nits original cost.\\nDuring the administration of Mr. Hayes, the paper was in the\\ninterest of the Republican party up to within a short time of his\\ndeath, when it became a conservative sheet.\\nAt the death of Mr. Hayes the office went into the hands of his\\nadministrator, and was sold at public outcry on the 6th day of\\nOctober, 1868, when Mr. James R. Sneed, its former editor and\\nproprietor, by whom it is now (January, 1869) owned and con-\\nducted, became the purchaser.\\nAmong the associate editors of the Republican since 1845, the", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0222.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "EWSrAPERS. ]^93\\nfollowiug gi^-atleiuen, each for a time, reuderetl services on tho\\npaper: Messrs. S. T. Chapman, Edwin DeLeon, Thomas H. Harden,\\nand Thomas W. Lane. For awhile before his last illness, the late\\nDr. William A. Caruthers, a distinguished writer of his time, was\\none of its regular contributors, and the eloquence of his style and\\ndiction gave additional interest to the columns of the paper.\\nIn the fall of 1845 Mr. Locke made a tour of Europe, and during\\nhis sojourn there interested the readers of the Eepublican with a\\nsei-ies of highly interesting and edifying letters, giving glowing\\nand graphic descriptions of each point he visited. This was his\\nfirst visit across the Atlantic while connected with the paper. He\\nsubsequently paid the continent another visit and resumed his\\ncorrespondence.\\nIn politics, the lleijublican, throughout its history, has been\\ndevoted to conservative views. For the first twenty years of its\\nexistence, it took no very active part in the political struggles of\\nthe times, though its sympathies were with the then Republican,\\nor Jeftersonian party. It was an ardent advocate of Troup when\\nthe party that clustered aroimd him in the State were opposed by\\nClarke and his political friends, and it warmly siistained General\\nJackson for the Presidency in the celebrated contest of 1828. Dur-\\ning the second j^ear of Jackson s administration, alarmed by what\\nit considered the usiirpations and abiises of the Executive, it gave\\nthe weight of its influence to the States Rights party, and subse-\\nquently to the Whigs, with whom it acted throughout the existence\\nof that organization, though it declined to support General Scott,\\nits nominee, for the Presidency. During the contests that resulted\\nin the late civil war between the States, the views of the Eepub-\\nlican were conservative. It opposed the secession of the Southern\\nStates as unjustified by any grievance then in existence that it;\\nwould siirely result in a terrible and disastrous war, for which we\\nwere wholly unprepared, and that our true policy was to fight our\\nhattles in the Union and under the cnustitiition, at least until the\\nwrongs of our section should become intolerable. When the Con-\\nvention of Georgia took the State out of the Union, the Republican\\nallied itself with her destiny, and was among the foremost in giving\\nencouragement to the arms and councils of the Southern Confed-\\neracy. At the fall of the city, as jireviously stated, the paper fell\\ninto new and .strange hands, and for several years was devoted to\\nthe conquerors. Restored to the hands of the gentleman who con-\\ntrolled its columns during the war and for five years preceding, it\\n17", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0223.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "194\\nHISTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nis uow battling with zeal for the ie,storatio)i of harmony and the\\nUnion under the Constitution.\\nThe Savannah Georgian commenced publication on the 25th of\\nNovember, 1818, by Dr. John Harney. About two j^ears after, he\\ns li the paper and material to I. K. Tefft and Henry Friend, who\\nshortly afterward sold it to George Eobertsou. He subsequently\\nassociated with him his brother, William Kobertson. The latter\\npurchased the interest of his brother (George K.) and conducted\\nthe paper until the close of the year 1832, when it was disposed of\\nto Dr. K. D. Arnold and William H. Bulloch, who were the joint\\neditors and proprietors iintil 1835, when Mr. Bulloch purchased\\nDr. A. s interest in the paper, and in 1840 conveyed it to Henry B.\\nJackson and Phillip J. Punch, who subsequently admitted S. S.\\nSibley as a partner. When General Jackson retired K. B. Hilton,\\nof Florida, united himself with Messrs. Punch Sibley. After\\nseveral years connection with the paper Colonel Sibley left it, and\\nit was published by Punch Hilton; Punch, Hilton Ganahl;\\nP. J. Punch Co.; Wright Register; J. G. Wright Co.; and\\nIjerhaps one or two others, until the Journal and Courier was\\nmerged with it, when it came niider the control of Albert It.\\nLamar, who revived its waning fortunes for a time, but the changes\\nand unfortunate management had so weakened the paper that it\\nwas impossible to regain its ancient standing, and in 185 J its\\npublication was susj)ended, and has never since been resumed.\\nThe Savannah Museum was started about 1820, as a daily, by\\nKeppel Bartlett. It was in existeiice several years\u00e2\u0080\u0094 how many,\\nia not definitely known.\\nThe Savannah Morning News. The publication of this paper\\nwas commenced on the l5th day of January, 1850, by John M.\\nCooper, publisher, and W. T. Thompson, editor. At that time there\\nwere but two dailj^ papers in Savannah the Republican and the\\nGeorgian, both political journals the first the organ of the Whig\\nand the latter of the Democratic partj of the State. The estab-\\nlishment of the News was projected with a view to furnish Savan-\\nnah, then the rapidly thriving commercial emporium of the State,\\nAvith an independent news and commercial medium, as nearly upon\\nthe i^lan of the cheap dailies of the Northern cities as was practi-\\ncable. To furnish a medium for the dissemination of political\\ntruth, unbiased by party affiliation and control, was an object not\\nsecondary to the general purposes of the proprietors. The News,\\nkeeping aloof ft om party politics, took a decided position on thu", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0224.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "^!E^^8PAPKKS.\\n105\\ngreat Kcctioual (iiiCHtious of the day, maintaining that the perpe-\\ntuity of the Union depended upon a strict observance of the com-\\npromises and guarantees of the constitution, as affecting the rights\\nand sovereign character of the States. To this position the paper\\nsteadfastly adhered to the close of the struggle which verified its\\nprediction. The News was originally published on a sheet veiy\\nlittle more than half its present dimensions, at four dollars per\\nannum, or twelve and a half cents per week, payable to the carriers.\\nIn the nineteen years of its existence, the Morning News has\\nseveral times changed proprietors, while its present editor, Colonel\\nW. T. Thompson, has been its principal editor all that time, except\\nfrom the fall of Savannah in December, 1864, to August, 1865,\\nwhen he resumed his identification with the paper as associate\\neditor, with Mr. S. W. Mason, its late proprietor.\\nThe following gentlemen have at difterent periods been edi-\\ntorially associated with the Savannah Morning News: Major T. A.\\nl?nrke (now of Macon), Mr. E. O. Withington (at one time also a\\npart projirietor), J. N. Cardoza, Es(i., Dr. James S. Jones, and S. W.\\nMason, Esq., deceased.\\nFi om the commencement of its publication, in 1850, to March,\\n1855, Mr. John M. Cooper was proprietor, though for a short time\\nother parties were associated M ith him as publishers. From March,\\n1855, to July, 1858, Colonel Thompson was both proprietor and\\neditor Mr. Withington being his partner and associate editor for a\\npart of the time. In July, 1858, Messrs. Blois and Desvergers\\nbecame the proiarietors of the News, which was, in October of\\nthe same year, purchased entire by Mr. T. Blois, by whom, with\\nMr. Cooper and Colonel Aaron Wilbur the latter of whom pur-\\nchased an interest a few months before the fall of Savannah as\\npartners, the paper was continued to be published until the occu-\\npation of the city by the Federal troops.\\nUpon the occupation of the city the News establishment was\\ntaken possession of by Mr. John E. Hayes, who carried all the\\nmoveable material to the Republican ofiice, of which he had also\\ntaken possession. Mr. Mason finally getting possession of the\\nNews ofiice, brought from Hilton Head the materials with which he\\nhad published a small paper called the Palmetto Herald. With\\nthis, and the presses remaining in the News office, he commenced\\ntiic publication of the Savannah Herald, subsequently settling the\\nrlnims of the j)revious proprietors of the News establishment,\\nhich were siibmitted to arbitration. The name of the paper was\\nlijen changed to the Daily News and Herald.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0225.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "196 HISTOBICAL RECORD OP SAVAfTNAH.\\nThe present proprietor, Mr. J. H. Estill, originally purchased\\na part interest in the Morning News and entered upon the manage-\\nment of its business and mechanical department in July, 18G7.\\nA year afterward Mr. Estill purchased Mr. Mason s interest and\\nresumed the original name of the paper, Savannah Morning News.\\nThe Evening Jouenal was started by J. B. Cubbedge in 1851. The\\nfollowing year the Savannah Daily Courier was started by S. T.\\nChapman, and the Evening Mirror by W. B. Harrison. The Mirror\\nwas suspended soon after its birth, and the Joiirnal and Courier\\nwere mei-ged into one paper, known as the Journal and Courier,\\nand published by Messrs. Chapman Cubbedge until the death of\\nthe former, in 1854, when the paper was suspended for a short\\ntime, until it was piirchased by Mr. E. B. Hilton. This paper\\nwas merged into the Georgian about 1857, and the consolidated\\npapers piablished under the name of the Georgian and Journal.\\nThe E^ ening Express was started in 1859, by Ambrose Spencer\\nand J. H. Estill. In 1860 its publication was suspended.\\nThe Daily Advertisee. This paper was started in September,\\n1865, as a free circulating journal (the iirst in the South) by\\nMessrs. Theodore Hamilton and M. J. Divine, the former one of\\nthe managers of the Savannah theatre, and the latter a practical\\nprinter. They made arrangements with Mr. George N. Nichols\\nfor the use of his material. After running the paper a week\\nthese gentlemen disposed of their interest to Mr. Nichols, Mr.\\nHamilton retiring and Mr. Divine remaining as foreman. In the\\ncourse of the following two months it was twice enlarged, and\\nMr. E. O. Withington, who had been connected with the paper\\nsince its first issue, was installed as editor. After a career of some\\nsix months more, a copartnership was formed between Messrs. With-\\nington, Divine, and George S. Gra} under the firm name of E. O.\\nWithington Co., under which the paper continued, still as a free\\njournal, until January 1st, 1868, when it was enlarged, changed to\\na subscription paper, and S. Yates Levy, Esq., engaged as editor-\\nin-chief. Under his able editorial management the Advertiser at\\nonce took rank with the leading journals of the State. Mr. L. was\\na vigorous and fearless writer, pointing out and condemning abuses\\nwherever discovered. So keen were some of his remarks upon thas\\ntyrannical actions of the military that an order was sent from Gen.\\nMeade to either suppress the paper or moderate the tone of its\\neditorials. Soon after Mr. Levy was obliged, by military pressure.\\nto retire from the editorial chair.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0226.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "SUBURBAN KES0RT8. 197\\nIn tho latter part of May arrangements were made by the man-\\nagers to sell out the paper to a gentleman of nn:eh experience iu\\nnewspaper life. In order to perfect the changes necessaiy, it was\\ndetermined to suspend for a month; but before the expiration of\\nthat time the gentleman declined to consiimmate the arrangement.\\nNothing further was done until NoA ember, when Messrs. Edward\\nL. Beard and George G. Kimball, formerly connected with the\\nSavannah Rei^ublican, took charge of the paper, and are now run-\\nning it again as a free journal.\\nThe MEKCAXTrLE I t)ex was started in 1865, by George H. John-\\nstone, Jr., and E. M. Purse, but was suspended after an existence\\nof about six months.\\nSCBrRBAN EESOETb\\nSavannah is fortirnate in her suburban relations. Bethesda.\\nThunderbolt, White Blufif, Bonaventure, and Jasper Spring, all\\nof easy access from the city, present attractions to the tourist\\nthat amplj repay a visit. Indej^endent of their historical asso-\\nciations, their intrinsic beauty is then best commendation.\\nBethesda, signifying a House of Mercy, is situated about ten\\nmiles from Savannah, where there is an orphan-hoiise under the\\nallspices of the Union Society.\\nIn 1737 Eev. Geo. Whitfield, whose popularity in England was so\\ngreat that those who came to hear him preach sometimes numbered\\ntwenty thousand, and many who were forced to remain outside\\nprayed only for a sight of his blessed face, turned his back on\\nfame and fortune and sought what was then the wilds of Georgia,\\nbelieving that God was calling him to undertake the mission. He\\nlabored among the inhabitants with unwonted zeal, and obser\\\\-ing\\nthat the poverty of the inhabitants imperatively demanded the\\nestablishment of an orphan-house, suggested to him originally by\\nRev. Charles Wesley, he labored long and diligently in the further-\\nance of his plan, meeting a ready and willing assistant in James\\nHabersham, who had accompanied him to Georgia, and whom\\nhe called his beloved fellow- traveler. To further the object,\\nWhitfield returned to England and secured from the Trustees\\nfive hundi ed acres of any vacant land which he should select.\\nThe people of England to whom he preached gave with liberal\\nhands to the charity. On his return to Savannah the ground was\\nselected the present ground forming part of it by Mr. Haber-\\nsham, and on the 25th of March, 1740, Whitfield laid with his\\n17* 9", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0227.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "198 HIOTORICAL RECORD OF SAVANNAH.\\nowu hands the first brick of this great house, which he called\\nBethesda. This charity was never out of the mind of Whitfield,\\nand with a parent s ardor and abiding love he clung to it and\\nlabored for it. For thirty years this labor lasted, and in the very\\nyear of his death, 1770, when his strength had yielded and his life\\nwas fast ebbing away, he projected a plan of a college to be added\\nto the House of Mercy, and preached in the chapel there before the\\nGovernor, Council, and Assembly, whom he had invited hither to\\nsecure their co-operation.\\nSelina, Countess of Hiintingdon, born and reared amid the splen-\\ndor of high rank, beautiful, accomplished, and talented, became a\\nconvert to Methodism. She met Whitfield, and having her sym-\\npathies enlisted in his noble work, gave her money, her counsel,\\nand her countenance to him. The Orphan-House became her\\nwork almost as much as his, and when he died his will was found\\nto contain a clause devising Bethesda to her, and in case she\\nshould be called upon to enter upon her glorious rest before my\\ndecease, to Hon. James Haber.sham, a merchant of Savannah.\\nShe did not falter when this responsibility was thrust upon he;-,\\nbut did all that could be done, but its sun of prosperity had set in\\nWhitfield s grave. The buildings were struck by lightning and\\nconsumed. They were rebuilt, but disaster followed disaster, and\\nin 1782 the Eoyal troops, previous to their evacuation of the city,\\ndestroyed everything of value. Lady Huntingdon, until her death,\\nwhich occurred in 1791, labored with indomitable perseverance and\\nchristian zeal to forward the interests of Bethesda, but with com-\\nparatively little success. At her death the school was discontinued,\\nand the State government reclaimed it and committed its manage-\\nment to a Board of Trustees. The Board took no active steps\\ntoward completing the buildings, nor other necessary measiires for\\nthe organization of the school, until 1801. The property was\\nrebuilt and the school reorganized, but in 1805 a fire destroyed one\\nof the wings so that it could not be repaired, and a hurricane\\ndestroyed the out-buildings. The Trustees being unable to rebuild,\\nin 1808 they advised the legislature to dispose of tlie property and\\ndistribute the proceeds among the benevolent institutions of Sa-\\nvannah. Accordingly, on the 12th of March, 1809, the property\\nwas sold.\\nIn the year 1854 the Board of Managers of the Union Society,\\nan institution similar in purposes and operations to Bethesda, pur-\\nchased one hundred and twenty-five acres of the ancient Bethesda\\nf", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0228.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "SUBURBAN RESORTS. jgC)\\nestate, which included the original locality of the Whitfield Orphan-\\nHouse. They at once erected suitable buildings, and in January,\\n1855, removed the boys under their charge from Savannah to this\\nplace. This was purchased by the Union Society at a higher\\nprice than that at which some other places might have been\\nobtained, and perhajis above its market value, from the fact that\\nupward of a century ago it had been consecrated to the same noble\\npurpose.\\nBoNAVENTUEE, whosc mclaucholy beauty challenges comparison\\nwith an} spot of similar magnitude in the country, is situated\\ni .bout four miles from Savannah. Originally a cemetery, it con-\\ntains mauj fine specimens of sei^ultural architecture, which time\\nhas invested with hallowed remembrances. Numeroi;s lofty oaks\\nlend their gratefitl shade to the last resting-places of the silent\\ndead, and the character of the foliage presents a unique and almost\\nindescribable appearance, draped as it is with weeping festoons\\nof moss, whose luxuriant growth makes the shade impenetrable\\nto the sun s rays. Nature and the wise neglect of man have made\\nit a peerless combination of the sublime and picturesque.\\nThunderbolt, another of those lungs of the city which ren-\\nder a residence in Savannah peculiarly agreeable, is a collection of\\nsome two or three hotels and a score or so of private residences,\\npleasantly situated upon the l^auks of the river to which the village\\nhas given its name. Distant about five miles southeast of the city,\\nit is noted more for the splendid di ive, of which it is the terminus,\\nthan for any intrinsic natural beauty. The Savannah race-track,\\nwhich is contiguous, materially enhances the popiUarity of the\\nplace, and the patrons of the turf find ample opportunity during\\nthe racing season to test the qualities of their stock. Its name,\\nin the quaint literalness of General Oglethorpe s account of Caro-\\nlina and Georgia, is derived from the fall of a thunderbolt, and\\nhe adds that a spring thereupon arose in that place, which still\\nsmells of the bolt.\\nWnn E Bluff, situated on the Vernon river, about ten miles from\\nthe city, is also a popular place of resort, and the route to it during\\ntine weather is marked by a train of equipages that would do credit\\nto a city of metropolitan standing. The accommodations for visit-\\nors at present are limited to two hotels, but with the rajiid advance-\\nment of Savannah others will doubtless be built. A number of\\nsummer residences impart an air of importance to this M ell-known\\nlocality. It is deficient in historical reminiscence, and therefore", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0229.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "200 HISTOEICAIi KECOED OF SAVANNAH.\\nlittle can be said on this subject. A small Dntch settlement occu-\\npied the Bluflf in 1740.\\nJasper Spring, situated on the Augusta road, two miles from\\nSavannah, is noted, as being the scene of the bold exploit of Ser-\\ngeants, Jasj^er and Newton previous to the siege of Savannah.\\nSergeant Jasper, after his exploit at Fort Moiiltrie, was granted a\\nroving commission by Colonel Moultrie, commanding the 2d South\\nCarolina regiment, with the privilege of selecting such men as he\\npleased. The scouts of Jasper were frequent and productive of\\nmuch good, on account of the information he broiight.* On one\\noccasion he met, near Ebeuczer, a lady named Mrs. Jones, who\\nwas in great distress about her husband. He had taken the oath\\nof allegiance to the British government; afterward joined the\\nAmerican army and was caj^tured by the British, who determined\\nto hang him, with others who were to be carried to Savannah for\\nthat i:)ur2 )ose the next morning. She appealed to Jasper to rescue\\nhim. He was moved by her distress, and promised to do what he\\ncould. Sergeant Newton was near by and Jasper consulted him,\\nbut they could arrange no plan. They, however, determined to\\nI oUow the guard the next day, and take advantage of any oppor-\\ntunity that might be offered. Early in the morning a guard, con-\\nsisting of a sergeant, a corporal, and eight men, started with the\\nprisoners in iroi.s. The wives and children of two or three of the\\nprisoners followed, Jasper and Newton also followed closely, and\\nupon coming near the spring, got ahead of the party and hid in\\nthe bushes, thinking that the guard would halt to get water, and a\\na chance to rescue the prisoner s be presented. The guard came\\nup and halted on the roadside. The arms were stacked and two\\nmen placed on guard over them and the prisoners near by. The\\nrest of the guard then went to the spring. Jasper and Newton\\ncrept up to the two sentinels, shot them down, seized the stack\\nof muskets, and called upon the rest of the astonished guard to\\nsiirrender. A momeufs reflection showed that tliej were com-\\npletely at the mercy of the two determined men, and a surrender\\nwas made. The irons were knocked off of the prisoners and\\nplaced upon the soldiers, who were then conducted to the Ameri-\\ncan camp at Purysburgh.\\nJasper at one time came into Savannah and spent several days without\\ndiscovery, during which time lie collected valuable information concerning\\nthe numljers and position of the British forces and furnished it to General\\nLincoln.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0230.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0231.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0232.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0233.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "NOTICE.\\nIt is with pleasure we call the attention of the merchants and\\nplanters of the interior of Georgia and Florida to the cards of\\nour advertisers.\\nThe fact that the merchants and mauufactiareis of Savannah\\ncan sell their goods on as reasonable terms, and, in some\\ninstances, at lower rates than the merchants of Northern cities,\\nhas only become generally known within the last three years.\\nThe stoppages here last season of a large number of merchants\\nfrom the interior of Georgia, in their onward flight to the North,\\nand the purchasing of goods by them at the same rates they\\nhad previously paid at the North, is a sufficient attestation of\\nthe fact to the most skeptical. In several instances orders for\\ngoods from the North were duplicated here at a less cost. Be-\\nsides, by purchasing in Savannah the time and expense of a\\nNorthern trij) and the additional freights are saved, thereby\\nenstiring to those who encourage home trade an amount of\\nprofit not obtainable by following the old system of running to\\nNorthern markets every season. The merchants and manufac-\\nturers of Savannah have the facilities for supplying the demand\\nfor all articles needed throiighout this section; they possess a\\nreputation for enterprise and business integrity unsurpassed by\\nthose of any community, and it is a source of gratification to\\nchronicle the fact that their eftbrts to establish a home trade\\nare meeting with the encouragement which they richly merit.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0234.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS.\\nAmusements.\\nWhy is the inodical profession tho most tedious St-fi cai-d of paoh\\nTHEODOR MEVES. Mnsenin Garden 2G\\nAttorneys and CounsoHors at Law.\\nWhy are lovers like armies V See card of\\nWM. H. F.ULLOCH 9\\nAuction and Commission Merchants,\\nWheu may a ship be said to he ambitiously ii\\\\ love See c^rd of\\nWM. W. DANIELS 42\\nWhy is horse-raciug natural See card of\\nISAAC D. LvEOGHE cV CO 40\\nBankers, Brokers, etc.\\nWhy is an overworked horse like an umbrella See card of\\nHENRY BRYAN 38\\nWhat is the difference betwceu a town and its inhabitants? See card of\\nDAVID R. DILLON 8\\nWhy is a bald head like heaven y See card of\\nF ETOHUM HARTRIDflE 45\\nBlank Book ^Manufacturer.\\nGEO. N. NICHOLS frunt, of hook.\\nBooksellers and Stationers.\\nWhen does the rain appear to be studious See card of\\nCOOPER, OLCOTT CO 32\\nWhat is a noiseless and sure revolver See card of\\nHERMAN L. SCHREINER ;M\\n18", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0235.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "206\\nINDKX TO ADVKRTrSKMENT.et.\\nBoots, Shoes, etc.\\nWhy can not a leopard bo caged See card i t\\nMEINHARD BROS, i CO 42\\nWhat is the most diffii ult feat of surgery? See card of\\nCHAKLES F. CLER id\\nButchers.\\nHow dni;s a horse regard a niau See card of\\nFRED. J. CL.UIK 40\\nWhy are old maids tlic most charming of people y See card of\\nC. T. COOPER \u00e2\u0080\u00a252\\nWhen is a sailor not a sailor V See card of\\nJOS. SMA.LLWOOD 27\\nCarpenters and Builders.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0arpeuters reallv helievc there is no such a thinf\\nof\\nM. C. MURPHY 24\\nWhy might carpenters really helievc there is no such a thing as a stone\\nSee card of\\nCigars, Tobacco, Snuff, etc.\\nWhy is an omnibus strap like conscience See card of\\nA. FERNANDEZ A- P.RO 2\\nWhat is the palmy season of life See card of\\nC. p. LOPEZ 12\\nWhy is the letter O the only vowel sounded See card of\\nR. MOLINA 24\\nWhy would a war between the United States and Great Britain be \\\\ika\\nthe melancholy spirit of a woman on the loss of a near relative\\nSee card of\\nS. SOLOMON. (Mamifaeturei) 11\\nClothiers.\\nWhen do ladies carry tiro V See card of\\nL L. FALK CO 6\\nWhat word is always pronounced ^vrong See card of\\nGAZAN BROS 20\\nWhen is a turkey like a ghost See card of\\nIVES 16", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0236.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. 207\\nCrockery, China, and Glassware\\nTVliat is the differfiiff bttwciu ;i tuniirl find a sxn aldug tiurapct Re*\\nciird of\\nBOLSHAW SILVA 28\\nWhy is a man who has lost his liinbH in hattlt forgotten by his fi-iends\\nSec card of\\nE. D. 8MYTHE S: CO 29\\nDentists.\\nWhy ib the letlei- U the most uncortiiiii See oai d of\\nH. J. EOYALL 2\\nDrugs, Chennscals, etc.\\nWhy arc o!d and infirm men like generals Sec card of\\nA. A. SOLOMONS CO 9\\nWhy is a goutlemaii who is treading on a lady s dress like a hunter Sea\\ncard of\\nC. M. HILLSMAN 23\\nDry Goods.\\nWLj is furling a ship s canvass like a mock auction r Sc card of\\nDeWITT MORGAN 14\\nWhat is the difference between the ladies of the present day and Cleo-\\npatra? Sec card of\\nEINSTEIN ECKMAN 1^5\\nWhen arc skipping lambs like librarj- volumes See card of\\nEPSTEIN EINSTEIN 36\\nWhy is a newspaper like a cotton bale See card of\\nJ. EPSTEIN BRO 22\\nWhere is beef tea first mentioned in history See card of\\nJ. W. LATHROP CO 41\\nWhen is a lawyer strongest Sec card of\\nS. M. LEDERER CO 4t\\nWhat are the best columns for supporting a fine business See card of\\nORFF. WATKINS CO 5\\nFancy Goods, Trimmings, etc.\\nWhen does a boat resemble a man under arrest See card ot\\nEI). MANES 20", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0237.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "208\\nINDEX TO ADVEUTIHKMI.NTS.\\nFactors and Commission Merchants.\\nWhy is the letter A useful to a deaf wdiiiarj See cava of\\nJ. H. ASHBRIDGE CO S\\nWhat is the best time for reading the book of uature See card of\\nP. H. BEHN\\nWhat in the most lasting document Sec card of\\nJ. BERRIEN OLIVER 23\\nWhv is the letter S likely to prove serious in an argument See card of\\nBOIT cfe McKENZIE ^i\\nWhy should we have dates at our finger ends See card of\\nHENRY BRYAN 37\\nWhen are young ladies disturbers of the ijeaco See card of\\nFERRILL WESLOW U\\nWhy is it vulgar to send a telegram See card of\\nGUE, PEARCE CO 2G\\nWhen may a man be considered a poor vehicle for expression See card\\nGUERARD HOLCOMBE 41\\nHow can the secrets of nature be learned See card of\\nM. Y. HENDERSON IS\\nWhy is life the greatest riddle See card of\\nJ. w. McDonald 14\\nWhy is a ship load of cotton like a locomotive See card of\\nPUliSE THOMAS 1.4\\nWhat compl ints do old maids like to be troubled with See card of\\nROBERTS TILLMAN 4S\\nWliy was Noah aeccused of being the first brewer of beer See card of\\nSORREL BROS 41\\nWhat should unmarried ladies with independent resources do See\\ncard of\\nSLOAN, GROOVER CO IS\\nWhat is worse tlian raining pitch-forks. See card of\\nT. F. SMITH 4\u00c2\u00abS\\nWhy should the ai dor of lovers v/ho separate at twilight become damp-\\nened See card of\\nGRANTHAM I. TAGGART 45\\nWhat would we be without the dear ladies See card of\\nTILLMAN McRAE H\\\\\\nWho was the first jockey See card of\\nTISON X GORDON 30\\nFertiHzers.\\nWhen is a woman a poem to a man See card of\\nWILCOX. GIBBS A CO HI", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0238.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "INDEX TO ADVERTISEMIiNTP. 201)\\nFoundries and EViachine Shops.\\nWhia Iruit does a newly married couple most rcsiinblcV Soo card oi\\nT. EALLENTYNE GO ;V.\\nGroceries, Liquors, etc.\\nWhy is the letter V in thf word giving lil;e tlio ii s-c on your fa^ e V Scc\\ncard of\\nCHAMPION FREEMAN 22\\nWhen is a woman not a woman See card l\\nOONNEKAT JOHNSON 27\\nWhat is smaller than a mite See card of\\nDILLON STETSON\\nHow would yon measure your lover s siacerity V See card of\\nM. J. DOYLE 12\\nWhy do the recrimiuatious of married coiniles resemble the sound of\\nwaves on the shore. See card of\\n(lUCKENHEIMER ct SELIG 2(i\\nWhy have poultry no future existence See card of\\nHESS, GUTMAN CO 10\\nWhy is a mad bull an animal of a convivial disi^osition See card of\\nHOLCOMBE CO 32\\nWhy are corn and potatoes like the idols of old See card of\\nC. J. BEATTY 2(\u00c2\u00bb\\nHats and Caps.\\nWhen is a hat not a hat See card of\\nS. M. COLDING 4\\nHay, Grain, etc.\\nAt what time should a bar-keoiier visit a foundry i See card of\\nC. V. HTTTCHINS :W\\nHotels.\\nWhat goes most against a fai-raer s grain See card I f\\nPULASKI HOUSE 47\\nIce Dealers.\\nWhat is the difference between a pretty young lady kuu a dentist See\\ncard of\\nHAYWOOD. GAGE 00 4", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0239.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "210\\nINPEX TO \u00c2\u00abiOVF:RTISEMENTS.\\nInsurance.\\nWhat should a man do when his boots leak See card of\\nSO. BE. KNICKERBOCKER INS. CO 39\\nWhat Is a stroke of policy? Sec card of\\nA. McNULTY 7\\nWhy are young ladios kissing each other like Christianity See card of\\nJ. T. TH0MA8 front of book\\nJustices of the Peace.\\nWhat guage ia that which most IVcfUKoitly indicatew tht- i!eijt.h\u00c2\u00ab of a\\nman s pocket? See card of\\nPHILLIP M. RUSSELL, Jn 22\\ni^iJIIrsery.\\nWhy ie Sunday the strongest of all days V See curd of\\nMRS. S. PEASE\\nNewspapers.\\nWhen docK an editor plav queer tricks with grauinirtr? See card of\\nSAVANNAH MORNINd NEVvS 15\\nPainters, House and Sign.\\nWhen does a cow becomo real estate See card of\\nMURPHY ct CLARK It\\nWhat does every woman alwavs do bi foro she goes to sleep See card of\\nJOHN OLIVER 18\\nPaints, Oils, etc.\\nWhat is the difference between oil and a frc-het See card of\\n\\\\VM. M. BLRD CO 1\\nWhy is Utah a good place for ladies Sec card i f\\nW. D. R. MILLAR 2.\\nPaper, Envelopes, etc.\\nWhy is a bhish like a little girl See card of\\nR. A. WALLACE 17\\nPhotographers.\\nWhy is a washerwoman like Saturday night See osud of\\nD. J. RYAN 2\\nPublic Houses.\\nWhere in money first mentioned in the bible Se card of\\nVALENTINE BASLEK", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0240.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "INDEX TO ADVKRTiaEMKNl-g. 211\\nWhy are balloons in the air like vagrants See card of\\nJOS. FERNANDEZ 30\\nWhat roof covers the noisest tenant See card of\\nJOHN IMMEN 2G\\nWhv is a prosy lecturer like the hub of a wheel? See card of\\nALEX! IRVING 4\\nWhat is the pawnbroker s favorite time of the vear See card of\\nTERENCE NUGENT 40\\nWhat are the features of a cannon See card of\\nMIKE T. QUINAN 10\\nWhy is an old coat like an iron kettle See card of\\nANGEL G. YBANES Sc BRO 27\\nPrinters.\\nWhy is a printer hke a girl preparing to meet her lover See c ard of\\nJ. H. ESTILL 13\\nGEO. N. NICHOLS front of book.\\nWhen mav a ship be said to be madly in love See card of\\nCHARLES E. O SULLIVAN 42\\nWhy was Mahomet like a man with a bad cold in a, church See card ot\\nE. J. PURSE 3ft\\nRaiBroads.\\nWhy is a baby at a foundling hospital like an emetic See CArd of\\nATLANTIC GULF RAILROAD 44\\nSaddlery and Harness Ware.\\nWhen mav mouer be called wet See card of\\nW. F. MAY 6\\nWhat is the difference between a honey-comb and a black eye See card\\nE. L. NEIDLINGER 14\\nShaving and Hair Cutting Saloon.\\nWhen is ootlon not cotton See card of\\nJ. M. HAYWOOD 34\\nShip Chandler.\\nWhat ti adc would you recommend to a short man See card of\\nE. H. VAN NESS U\\nSodawater, Bottler and Manufacturer.\\nWhat foreign newspaper does a man resemble when he opens a bottle of\\nwine. See card of\\nJOHN RYAN 21", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0241.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "212\\nINDEX TO ADVERTISEMENT^.\\nTailors and Drapers.\\nVVhat Tioe is it that both the good and bad shuu alike See card of\\nBAILEY BEADY 47\\nWhat is the difference between a watchmaker and a jailor? See card of\\nOHARLES GASSMAN 22\\nTinware, Roofing, etc.\\nWhy is a husband like a traveler on a Mississippi steamboat See card of\\nJOHN J. MAURICE 43\\nTobacco Commission Merchants.\\nWhat is the military definition of a kiss See card of\\nGOODMAN MYERS.. 8\\nWhat is the difference between a honey-comb and a honey-moon Seo\\ncard of\\nTHAXTON k CREWri 24\\nUndertakers and Cabinet Maimers.\\nWhy is love like a canal boat See card of\\nFERGUSON DIXON 37\\nWatches, Jewelry, and Silverware.\\nWhat kind of a machine is an attorney V See card of\\nB. P. HAMILTON 3\\nWliy is a kiss like creation See card of\\nF. D. JORDAN Ii3\\nWhen is a lover like a tailor See card of\\nADOLPH SACK 4;J\\nWines, Liquors, etc.\\nWhy are base ball players tb.e greatest cowards See card of\\nW. M. DAVIDSON 37\\nWhy is the letter E lazy and extravagant? See card of\\nT. J. DUNBAR CO 33\\nWhy is a spendthrift s purse like a thunder-clmid See card of\\nWILLIAM HONE 23\\nWhat is the difference between a candle in a cavoand a dance in an inn\\nSee card of\\nJ. LAMA U", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0242.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "WM. M. BIRD CO.,\\nIMPORTERS, MAMIFACTURERS, AAD DEALERS IN\\nII\\nColors^ Varnishesji\\nPaint Brushes, Window Glass,\\nO X IL.S\\nOF ALL KINDS\\nProprietors of the favorite brand of\\n8RILLIANT PETROLEUM.\\nKEROSENE OIL\\nKailroad, Steamboat Mill Supplies,\\nLeather M MM BeltiuE, Steam Packing, Etc.\\nHOWE S STANDARD SCALES\\nAND\\nMARVIN S FIRE BURGLAR-PROOF SAFES\\n8 Whitaker Street, Savannah, 6a.,\\nAnd 203 East Bay Street, Charleston, S. C.\\nAss: One rises on the water and the other is water on the ri.se.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0243.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "2\\nCor. Congress Whitaker sts.,\\nStereoscopic Views of Savannah, Bonaven-\\ntura, and Laurel Grove.\\nAns: Because she brings in the close (clothes) of the week.\\nA. FERNANDEZ Sz BRO.,\\nOTill, Iil4gOS, All llf 1\\ni lyii p R (J) eij,\\nNORTHWEST CORNER OF\\n^uLll ctiacl jE3roTjLe:l :i-ton. streets.\\nAlls Because it is an inward check to the outward man.\\nSURGEON DEWTIST,\\nRooms, corner of Bull and Congress Sts.,\\nOver Liincoln s Drug Store.\\nAns Because it is always in doubt.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0244.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "Smmi p. HAMILTON,\\n(SUCCESSOE TO WILMOT EICHMOND),\\n\u00c2\u00a9i^Li^ m\\nm\\ntimiumnummiinuuiuunmuumtRnQDUQIinil\\nCor. Whitaker, St. Jnlian Congress\\nStreets,\\nWatches and Jewelry Eepaired. Chronometers rated\\nby transit.\\nAss: A suing (sewing) machine.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0245.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "ALEX. IRVIlSrG-, Proprietor.\\nCorner JefTerson and St. Julian Streets,\\nThis first-class house is at all times supplied with the finest\\nbrands of\\nWINES, BRANDIES, LIODORS, SEdARS, ETC.\\nTHK BEST OF\\nScotch. AIg and. Lond-on JPorter\\nAlways at command.\\nAns: Because all the fellows around him are tired.\\nHAYWOOD, G-AQE CO.,\\nWHOIiESAIiE DEALERS IN\\nICE!\\nNos. 196, 198, 200, 202 BAY ST., SAVANNAH,\\nQ- IB O FL Q- I\\nAn8 One attracts, the other extracts.\\ns. is/L. ooHiiDinsro,\\nWHOLESALE i\\\\D RETAIL DEALER W\\nNO. 153 CONGRESS STREET,\\nAns: When it s felt.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0246.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "ul m\\nORFF,\\nW^ATKINS\\n00.,\\nIMPORTERS,\\n111 AND 113 CONGRESS STREET,\\nSetesse^c Gec\\nAns Advertising columns\\nB*", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0247.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "A7^- I^. DVCi^^r,\\nWholesale and\\nRetail Dealer io\\nAND ALL KINDS OF\\nSADDLERY WARE,\\nOor. Wliitalier T^r-ysm. Sts.,\\nOrders for Rubber Beltings Hose, and Packiug, also Stretcht-d\\nIieatlier Belting, filled promptly.\\nAks When it is dew in the morning and mist at night.\\n1. Ik. wA%^m\\nOUSTE I^ iF^IOE!\\nM\\nmi m CONGRESS AND 65 ST. JULIAN STREETS.\\nA LARGE ASSORTMENT OF\\nALWAYS ON HAND.\\nMANUFACTORY, 44 MURKAY STREET, NEW YORK.\\nGcods made to order at the shortest notice.\\nAns When they have taper waists and fingers.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0248.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "A. McNULTY,\\nI\\nMi\\nI am issuing\\nFIRE POLICIES\\nIn the following Companies at the REGULAR BOARD RATES.\\nPUTNAM FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,\\nOf Hartford, Conn.\\nEUFAULA HOME INSURANCE COMPANY,\\nOf Eufaiila, Ala.\\nATLANTIC FIRE MARINE INS. CO.,\\nOf Baltimore, Md.\\nMARINE AND RIVER RISKS\\nTAKEN IN\\nPACIFIC MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY,\\nOf New York, and\\nGREAT WESTERN INSURANCE COMPANY,\\nOf New York.\\nLIFE AND ACCIDENT RISKS\\nTAKEN IN\\nNEW ENGLAND MUTUAL LIFE INS. CO.,\\nOf Boston.\\nTRAVELERS LIFE AND ACCIDENT CO.,\\nOf Hartford.\\nTHESE COMPANIES ISSUE ALL KINDS OF LIFE\\nAND ENDOWMENT POLICIES.\\nI devote my entire time to the Insurance business, and will guar-\\nantee satisfaction to all who favor me with their patronage.\\nA. McNULTY, Agent,\\n80 BA.Y STREET.\\nAif\u00c2\u00ab Striking a person \u00e2\u0096\u00a0with an insurance document.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0249.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "DAVID R. DILLON,\\n-4r Whitalter St., one door* ft oni\\nthe corner of Bay S^t.,\\ni?) ^a?\u00c2\u00ae\u00c2\u00ae\\nisroTEis iDisooxjnsrTEiiD-\\nGold, Silver, Bank Bills, and Stocks Purchased,\\nm ANY QUANTITY.\\nAns: The town is laid out at the beginning of its existence, and the people\\nat the end of theirs.\\nfe\u00c2\u00bb\\n01\\n^^r STREET,\\n^m\\nAns When autumn turns the leaves.\\nGOODMAN MYERS,\\nISG Bay Street, Savannah,\\nARE PAYING\\nH16HEST MARKET PRICES FOR HIDES, BEESWAX, ETC.\\nAns: A report at head-quarters.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0250.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "wa^aisiiiL^ aaw s s#wi\\nA. A. SOLOMONS CO.,\\nDIRECT IMPORTERS OF\\nDBUGS, MEDICIN[S, CHEMICUS,\\nDKALKRS IN\\nPaint, Oils, Surgeons Instruments, G-a.rden Seeds, etc.,\\nCOR. WHITAKER, CONGRESS, AND ST. JULIAN STREETS.\\nSavannali, Gra.\\nAns Because they travel with a staff.\\nWILLIAM H. BULLOCH,\\nAttorney-at-Ijia inr^\\nOffice, SorreVs Buildijig, coi^ner Bay and\\nBull Streets.\\nWILLIAM H. BOLLOCH,\\nAGENT OF THE\\n01 FICK,\\nSorreVs Hiiildhtg, cortier Bay and Bull Streets,\\nSavannah, Ga., 1869.\\nAns: Because they get along well enough until they are engaged.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0251.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "10\\nHESS, GUTMAN CO.,\\nWHOLESALE DEALERS IN\\nP\\n91 /O\\n1\\n199 BAY STREET,\\nAns Because they have their necks twirled (next world) in this.\\nnvn. T. Q xjiisr.A.nsr,\\nTHE ORIGINAL\\nMMMJ\\nCor. Bryan and Whitaker Streets,\\nWhere he keeps constantly on hand a Good Assortment of\\nAND OYSTERS IN THEIR SEASON.\\nAns: Cannon-moulh, canonize, :ind cannoneers.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0252.jp2"}, "253": {"fulltext": "11\\nCHRIS. MUEPHY. CHARLES CLARK.\\nMURPHY CLARK,\\nH$i$f J Sign^ ilif mi Mmmhmt\\nILDIN QRAINING, MAEBLIHG, GLAZINS,\\nWe are prepared to sell, at wholesale and retail,\\nPAINTS, OILS, GLASS, PUTTY, VARNISHES,\\nMIXED PAINTS. BRUSHES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. MACHINERY AND\\nHARNESS OIL, AXLE GREASE, ETC..\\n77 Bryan, bet. Bull and Drayton Sts.,\\nSAW AHKAa^, ^A,\\nAns When she is turned into a meadow.\\ns. scDLOivConsr,\\nCIGAR MANUFACTURER,\\nBryan Street (near the Pulaski House),\\nSavannali, GJ-a-\\nM\\nALL KINDS OF\\nTOBACCOS, SN UFFS, AND PIPES\\nAks Because it would naturally give birth to private tears (privateers).\\nJ. la.m:a.,\\nIMPORTER AND WHOLESALE DEALER IN\\nWINES, SEaAES GROCERIES,\\n19 1 DB^i^-^ S T? :E=L E E3 T\\nAk. One is a taper in a cavern and the other a caper in a tavern.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0253.jp2"}, "254": {"fulltext": "12\\n]S1. J. D O YLE,\\nWHOLESALE A.\\\\B RETAIL DEALER L\\\\\\nDRY GOODS, BOOTS AND SHOES,\\nKeeps constantly on hand a fine assortment of\\nSTATIONERY, HARDWARE, TOBACCO AND SE ARS,\\nfM amdl W@o l Wm\u00c2\u00aeti Pac^ejf S\u00c2\u00a9e J8j BCttSj, Qag^Sj\\nI also have a large variety of Gentlemen s and Sailors Furnishing\\nGoods, and in fact any and everythmg that the public may want.\\nAttention also given to the sale of merchandise and the forwarding\\nof goods on consignment. From my long connection with the Cen-\\ntral Railroad, I feel that in this respect I can give satisfaction. Ref-\\nerence can be had from any merchant in this city.\\nNo. 110 Bryan Street, near the Market,\\nAss By his sigJis.\\nE. H. VAN NESS,\\n^x m and J^Iuji ^handlnv\\nCorner Bay and Abercorn Streets,\\nOrders from the Country, Private Families, Steamers, and Sailing Vessels solieite^.\\nReferences: Edmands, Gardnei- Co., and Charles L. Colby* Co., Sa-\\nvannah, Ga. S. L. Merchant Co., and Carmen Smith, New York.\\nAll letters entrusted to my care will be promptly delivered.\\nA\u00c2\u00bbs Grow sir.\\nIA18, fins, liiAcec\\n29 BULL STREET,\\nAns: The time of squeezing girls hands.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0254.jp2"}, "255": {"fulltext": "l;]\\nSTEAM-rO riEIt\\nHOOK, CABO, AHD JOB\\n111 iii- if II\\n111 Bay St., Savannah, G-a.\\nFor the most prof-\\n...\u00e2\u0096\u00a0f vj- itable results, every\\n//j^ ^k exertion should be\\nmade to enliven\\nbusiness, and there\\nis no more eflfective\\nmeans of doing this\\nthan in the employ-\\nment of Printers\\nink we therefore\\ndesire to remind our\\nfriends and the pub-\\nlic that this estab-\\nlishment is supplied\\nwith the most complete assortment of new and desirablo\\nAnd other Printiug material. Th( Machinery is of tlie l)est.\\nconstruction, and includes two of\\nl[()E S LARGE CYLINDER STEAM PRESSES.\\nAlso, a fine stock of\\nJ. H. ESTILL, Proprietor.\\nAvs: ccau.He he always makes up his form before ijoinx to presn. (J", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0255.jp2"}, "256": {"fulltext": "1^\\nL. DeWiTI l\\\\. MOROAN.\\nDE WITT 1^ MORGAN,\\n(ESTABLISHEr) 1848),\\nWholesale and Retail Dealers iii\\nrORflGHlillODOlSIICDR! GOODS,\\nMourning Goods a Specialty.\\n137 Congress St.^\\n-^^m\\nAn8 Because it s a taking in sale.\\n(Successor to Ecliviji E. Hertas Co.),\\nCOTTON FACTOR,\\nSHIPPING COMMISSION MERCHANT\\nDeak in Cotton Varn, Slieetinos. Shirtings, and Osnaburgs,\\nAns Because all must give it up.\\nEl. x_.. xsrEiixDX_ji][sro:B:E=i.,\\nDEALER IN\\nSaddlery Ware, Leather, c.,\\nNo. 72 St. Julian and I 05 Bryan streets,\\nAn.s: One is produced by a laboring bee and the other by a belaboring.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0256.jp2"}, "257": {"fulltext": "SAVANNAH\\ntm\u00c2\u00a7\\nP4\\nThe MORNING NKWS is so well known throughout this section of the\\nSouth that a recapitulation of its opinions or its standing is simply unnecessary.\\nNo effort will be spare l to make the NEWS a comprehensive medium of\\nfieiieral, Political, CoMerclal\\nINTELLIGENCE,\\nfei^v Especial attention being paid to\\nm: INTERESTS OF OEOROIA i\\\\D FIORIOA.\\nIt is printed with clear new tyi)C.\\nand on good paper.\\nTERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.\\nDaily Morning News per year, in advance i|10.\\nTri-weekly Morning News\\nSavannah Weekly News 2.\\nPersons wishing the Paper furnished for any time less than one year will\\nhave their orders promptly attended to, wlien remitting the amount for the\\nlime desired. No subscriptions received for the Weekly for le.ss than a year.\\nTHE A^^EEK:LY NEAVS\\nWill be lilled with the news of the daily editions, with other interCKting\\nREADING FOR THE HOME CIRCLE,\\nAND A\\nWEEKLY MARKET REPORT.\\nJCST THE JPAPEIi F O M PLANTKHS\\nand others who desire to take a weekly journal.\\nTO ADVERTISERS.\\nI lie MoKNisG News is one of the best advertising mediums in this icction,\\nhaving the largest circulation of any paper published in the State. It is\\ntaken in every city, town, and village in southern Georgia and throughout\\nFlorida, besides having a large general circulation.\\nllATE. i OF Advkutisixg. First insertion, ?1 per square; each subsequent\\ninsertion, 75 cent*. Advertisements running a month or longer inserted at\\nxpicial rates, to be ascertained at the counting room.\\nAll commuTiications should be addressed to\\nJ. H. ESTILL,\\nJ\\\\l o. Ill Sap street. Savannah, tta.\\nAns: When he declines an article.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0257.jp2"}, "258": {"fulltext": "16\\nA. EINSTEIN.\\nS. H. ECKMAN\\nEINSTEIN ECKMAN,\\n(Kstablislted 184rj).\\nAnd Wholesale and Retail Dealers in\\n151 Congress Street^\\na.\\nAns Cleopatra put an adder to her bosom and died. Our ladies put adders\\nto their bosoms and grow the fatter for it.\\nIk\\nDEALER IN\\n129 Congress St. (opposite the Pulaski House),\\nWATCHES AND JEWELRY REPAIRED.\\nAns Because it is made of nothing and is good.\\nI-VIB S^\\nCOR. BULL STREET AND BAY LANE,\\nSHIRTS, DRAWERS CLOTHING- TO ORDER.\\nH A. T S,\\nALWAYS THE LARGEST SUPPLY IN THE CITV.\\nAll goods guaranteed as represented.\\nAns: When it s a goblin", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0258.jp2"}, "259": {"fulltext": "17\\nR. A. WALLACE,\\nlonissiOBi\\n3^^\\n188 BAY STREET,\\nJONES* BLOOK. UP STAIES,\\nI3EI.A.I_iE]FL IIST\\n^etos, \u00c2\u00aerapmg, Jetter k %^\\\\t\\nA IP H M S\\nwni^^i^ii., i^ irim iif#\u00e2\u0082\u00aci^,\\nMachinery Waste, etc.\\nAys: Because it becomes a woman.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0259.jp2"}, "260": {"fulltext": "18\\nJOHN OLIVER,\\nAlllll \u00c2\u00a9MI*\\n6 Whitaker Street, corner Bay Lane,\\nDEALER IN\\nTurpentine, Glass, Putty, etc.\\nSASHES, BLINDS, AND DOORS.\\nAns Shuts her eyes.\\nM. Y. HENDERSON,\\ni\\no:H]3sr:Er=L^^nL.\\nf^\\n1\\nStaqtm\\nJONES UPPER BLOCK,\\n188 Bay St. (North Side), Savannah, Ga.,\\nDEALER IN\\nTH\u00c2\u00a3 HIGHEST CASH PRICES\\nPaid at all times foi any of the alcove articles-\\nRefer to Henry Bkigham, Esq., Pres t Merchants National Bank.\\nAk.i From babbling brooks.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0260.jp2"}, "261": {"fulltext": "19\\niflTROGEIIlEO SIFElFlOiiFliTE OF LIME.\\nGARDNER S (SAVANNAH) POUDRETTE,\\nFURE P\u00c2\u00a3RU\u00c2\u00a5IiiI\u00c2\u00ab GUAIiO\\n(direct impoetation),\\nNO. 1 LAND PLASTER,\\n(in quantities to suit puechasees),\\nFIRE-PROOF SAFES,\\n(Manufactured by the Wilder Patent Salamander\\nSafe Company),\\nCOUNTER, PLATFORM, AND ALL OTHER KINDS OF\\n(Manufactured bj the American Scale Company),\\nGOAL\\nOf all kinds. Hard and Soft, for Steam and Family Uses.\\nA Large Supply of these Articles\\nAlways on hand, and for sale\\nAT LOWEST MAKKET RATES,\\nBY\\nPURSE THOMAS,\\nCotton Factors and Commission Merchants,\\nNo. Ill Bay Street,\\nAms Because it makes the car-go.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0261.jp2"}, "262": {"fulltext": "20\\nDEALERS IN\\nGENTS FURNISHING GOODS,\\nHats, Caps, Trunks, Valises, I mkellas. etc., etc.,\\nSAVANNAH, C A,\\nAns: Wrong, of course.\\nDEALER IIV\\nI%1J\\nAND\\n142 Bronghton St., Savannah, G-a.\\nAll trimmiugs made to order.\\nAns When she needs bailing.\\nC J. BE^^TTl^,\\n(AGKNT),\\nWholesale and Retail Dealer in Fine\\nVEGETABLES, FRUITS, NUTS, ETC. ALSO,\\nLIQUORS, TOBACCO, AND SEaARS\\nOF ALL KINDS,\\ni(i Whitaker St., bet. BrougJifon and State Streettt,\\nAn. Because they have ears and hear not, and eyes and see not.\\nGnCKENHKIMKK. M. SeHO.\\nGUCKENHEIMER SELIG,\\nWHOLESALE GROCERS,\\n171 173 Bay street, Savannah, Ga.\\nA large and choice stock of FLOUR, TOBACCO, AND SEGAR8.\\nconstantly on hand.\\nOrders with Jtemittanceg earefuUy attended to.\\nAns: Because they are the niurniurings of the tied.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0262.jp2"}, "263": {"fulltext": "21\\nBOTTLING SOOA WATER ESTABLISHMENT,\\nsoil Willi.\\nMcimilactiirt i and Bottler of\\nlA imi, fill liliRAl Wit\\nPORTER, ALE, CIDER,\\n\u00c2\u00a9Q)ird)lil]t* Lag\u00c2\u00a9!]* ittc*, \u00c2\u00a7|i?wp\u00c2\u00a7\u00c2\u00bb\\nBITTERS, ESSENCES, ETC.,\\nNorth side of Broughtoii, between\\nBull and Drayton Streets,\\nThis is one of the oldest iiiid most reliable bottling-\\nestablishments in the coiintiy, having been conducted by\\nits present sole proprietor fiince 1852, in such a way as\\nto give general satisfaction to all its patrons.\\n4\\nBRANOH ESTABLISHMENTS\\nIn Augusta, Columbus, and Atlanta, G-a.\\nAug The Cork Examiner.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0263.jp2"}, "264": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0080\u00a222\\nCHARLES ASSMAN,\\nDRAPER AND TAILOR,\\nWhitaker St., 3d door south of Broughton,\\nSavarmali, Gra.\\nMade to order at the shortest notice and in the latest style.\\nLadies Gavments Cat and Made to Order.\\nAns One sells the watches and the other watohes the cells.\\nCHAMPION k FREEMAN,\\nWHOLESALE GROCERS,\\nAND\\n3!\\nPEA)L,iiis iM wmmwrnm^m^\\nCor. Bay and Drayton Sts.,\\nAns Because it s between the I s (eyes).\\nWholesale and Relail Dealers iu\\nDry Goods, Clotbing, Boots aad Shoes,\\nAND GENTS FURNISHING GOODS,\\nSoutheast cor. Broughton Whitaker Sts.,\\nMYMHH^i^\\nAns Because it must go to press before it is ready for the market.\\nPHILIP M. RUSSELL, Jr.,\\ni#mitltmtl\u00c2\u00aem tl Icttaiy ImMIt\\nAND JUSTICE OF THE PEACE, CHATHAM COUNTY, GA.\\nOffice on Bryan St. one door east of Bull,\\nSpecial attention given to tlie drawing and executing Deeds ol\\nBargain and Sale, Mortgages on Real and Personal Property, Wills,\\nMan-iage Settlements, Deeds of Gift, Bills of Sale, Leases, Agree-\\nments, etc, Issuing of Attacliments, Garnishments, and to the Col-\\nlection of all Claims.\\nAns: Mortgar/e.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0264.jp2"}, "265": {"fulltext": "23\\nJCslahlinhed 18.50,\\nIMPORTER m WHOLESALE DEALER 1^\\nSAVANNAH, GA.\\nSole Agents for Georgia and Florida of\\n(iCABTS@Nl S eiLiBeiATiP PALi ALE,\\nIn barrels and half-barrels.\\nAns Because it s always light ning.\\nJ. BER.R-IEIV OLIVEI^,\\n(Late Editor and Proprietor Tallahassee Sentinel),\\nCOTTON FACTOK, COMMISSION MERCHANT,\\nm GENERAL PI IICHASING A\\\\D FORWARDING AGENT,\\n97 Bay Street (over Wilcox, Gibbs Co.),\\nCousignmeuts of Cotton, and Country Produce generally, solicited, upon\\nwhich liberal advances will be made when desired. Personal\\nattention given to the sale of merchandise.\\nAns: An iron will.\\nWholesale and Retail Dealer in\\nDRUGS AND MEDICINES,\\nPFJiFiiMERY. fm\\\\ mm, paints, oils, dye stuffs, etc.,\\nCor. Bull and Broughton Sts.,\\nAns: Because he s on tlie triiil of a dear.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0265.jp2"}, "266": {"fulltext": "24\\nS. THAXTOX, T. .J. CKEVVM,\\nAND AGKNTS FOR TIIK SALE OP\\nMANUFACTURED TOBACCO,\\n163 BAV STREET, SAVANNAB, (JA.\\nSPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO THE SALE OF\\nWBMM, WHISEi; MTTOI, WMm, STC.\\nAns: One is composed of several little cells and the other is a big sell.\\n^7^ nvr o n. iisr\\nIMPOSTER OF AND DEALER IN\\nHAVANA SEGARS,\\nAT WHOLESALE AND RETAIL,\\nOorner Bull and Broii\u00c2\u00bbii(oii sliTcls, under Masonic Hall. No. 1,\\nAlso, keeps constantly on band a fine stock of\\nAns Because all of the other vowels are inaudible.\\nm:. o. m:xtri hy,\\nCARPENTER BUILDER,\\nBay Lane, bet. Drayton Abercorn Streets,\\nSAVANNAH, GA.\\nAll work in my line done with neatness and dispatch.\\nAns: Because they never savj it.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0266.jp2"}, "267": {"fulltext": "2o\\nWM. D. R. MILLAR,\\n157 Bay St., Sayaimah,\\nIMPOETEE DEALEE IN\\nlallf @ad Sleam\\nOils^ Axle CrSpeasG^\\nPaints, Varnishes, Leads, Zincs,\\nMachinery Oils of all kinds and of the best quality, the finest Signal\\nOil, Sperm, Whale, Lard, Linseed, Tanners Signal, Neats-\\nfoot, Tallow, Ex. Engine, Petroleum, and Kerosene\\nOils. Also, Cincinnati Black Lard Oil,\\na superior lubricator.\\nBest and Oheapest. Hemp, Soapstone, Piston Sheet Gum and\\nP ibrous Packing. Solid Braid Packing for Pumps.\\nBELTING AT f^ANUFACTUi^ERS PRICES.\\nBest White Lead in the market. Also Cheap Brands.\\nAGENT Koi:\\nIngersoll s Cotton and Hay Presses, Mead Rubber Co.,\\nNational Car Spring Co., Grafton Paint Works,\\nDubreuil Oil Works Co.\\nThe goods of these companies are sold a( Ianufacturere Prices.\\nGoods Furnished in any Quantity, and Guaranteed as Kepresented, or no Sale.\\nAss: Because there they can all marry Young.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0267.jp2"}, "268": {"fulltext": "Fkank L. Gnic.\\n26\\nGeo. C. Pkarce.\\nAli.en G. Bass.\\nGUE, PEARCE CO..\\nCOnON AND PROVISION BBOKERS.\\nIt* ft 141 illllf,\\n3AVANNAH, GA.\\nRETSRBiTCSS.\\nOouti al Kiiili Oild BatiK Savauuah.\\nAndrew Low k Co\\nWilliam Battersby Co\\nCharles Green Sons\\n,fohn W. Anderson s Sons Co\\nHening Fearce No. 7 State street, New York.\\nGreen Bros No. 132 Pearl street,\\nKlcheson, Able Co St. Louis, Mo.\\nAlfred Moulton New Orleaiw, La.\\nAns: Because it is making use of flash language.\\nWholesale and Retail Dealer in\\npias Alts ^M\\nNo. 3 Wliitaker t^^treet\\nk.iii The roof of the mouth.\\nCor. Bull and Taylor streets,\\nlu connection with the Mn.seum, which consists of a large variety of\\nANIMALS, BIRDS, ALLIGATORS, ETC.,\\nThere is an\\nTHEODOK MEVES, Proprietor.\\nAns: Because it requires more patience (patients) than any other.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0268.jp2"}, "269": {"fulltext": "27\\nWINES, LIQUORS. ETC.,\\nBtiU street, opposite the Post Ofjioe,\\nANG-EL G-. YBANES BRO.,\\nDEAI.KR8 IN\\nTOS CC\\nEtc.\\nAks: Becanee it represents hardware.\\nCONNERAT JOHNSON,\\n\u00c2\u00a9\u00c2\u00a9Kiiiesi^\\nmmcs^ifii\\nAND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN\\nGROCERIES AND PROVISIONS,\\no r n e r of Ba 1/ a n d B a r n a r d f reefs,\\nJOS. V, CON fERAT. JOHN K. JOHNSON,\\nLate ofConnerat, Webster Palmer. Late ol Holcombe, Johnson Co.\\nAns: When she s a-bed.\\nJOS. SMALL WOOD,\\nStalls 1 and 3\\nAns: When he s a-hoard.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0269.jp2"}, "270": {"fulltext": "28\\nBOLSHAW SILVA\\n68 St, Julian and 101 Bryan Streets\\nf Between Whitaker St. k the Market),\\nDEALERS IN\\n^ii\u00c2\u00a5, m\\nOX_,^^SS W ^^I=LEi,\\nBRITANNIA PLATED WARE\\nAND\\nHouse Furnishing Goods Generally.\\nCrockery Assorted in Crates, or Repacked, to\\nsuit Purchasers.\\n\u00c2\u00ab^\u00c2\u00bb~\u00c2\u00abfc-\\nAgents for the NONPAEEIL WASHING MACHINE,\\nTHE BEST IN THE MARKET.\\ne: TV D F o 1^ jv CI k c u il, a. rs\\nAns: One is hollowed in and the other hollowed out.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0270.jp2"}, "271": {"fulltext": "29\\nImporters and Jobbers in\\nP\\nOH:i:]xr_.^.\\ntS W\\ng\\nBy the original package or repacked\\nto order.\\nBeing the only Crockery House in Savunnah that im-\\nport their ware direct from the English Potteries, we\\nare enabled to sell goods in our line as low as Dealers\\ncan buy in any market in the United States.\\n140 Congress street\\nAND\\n57 ST. JULIA.]Sr STREET,\\nAxs: Because they can not re-member him.\\nD*", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0271.jp2"}, "272": {"fulltext": "30\\nC. V. HUTCHINS,\\n\u00c2\u00a7mtXRl \u00e2\u0082\u00acm\\\\\\\\mm HJcrdjaitl,\\nWHOLESALE DEALEE IN\\nHAY, GRAIN, PRODUCE,\\nNo. 165 Bay street,\\nORDERS AND CONSIGNMENTS PROMPTLY MD PERSONALLY ATIBDED TO.\\nAns When he wants a bar maid.\\nTHE EIfl^^\\nW. eorner of\\nDrayton. Street and Bay Lane,\\nTIIK f llOIOEST WINES, LI(|rOK8, AND SEGARS CONSTAN TLY ON HAND.\\nLUNCH DAILY. ^OS. ^JeKNANDKZ,\\nPROPRIETOR.\\nAns: Because tliey have no i isible means of support.\\nWM. ir. TISON. WM. W. GORDON.\\nTISON GORDON,\\nCOTTON FACTORS ENEEAL COMMISSION MERCHANTS\\nNo. 96 BAY STREET, SAVANNAH, GA.\\nBAGGING and ROPE or IRON TIES advanced on crops.\\nLIBERAL CASH ADVANCES made on consignments for sale in Savan\\nnah, or on shipments to reliable correspondents in Liverpool, New York,\\nPhiladelphia, or Baltimore.\\nGrateful for liberal patronage in the past, every effort will be made to merit\\npublic confidence.\\nAns: Adam, for he was the father of the raoe.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0272.jp2"}, "273": {"fulltext": "Fov Cotton, TS^heat, Tobacco, etc.\\nImported Direct from McKean s Island, South Pacific Ocean\\nWILCOX, GIBBS CO. S\\nMAlIFiLATlB ilAl\u00c2\u00a9\\nPrepared at Savannah and Augusta, Ga.,\\nFOR SALK BY\\nMtnportevt of and Itettler* ht\\nGr TJ J^ IST CD\\nNo. 97 Bay street, Savannah, Ga.\\nNo. 241 Broad street, Augrtt^t^i \u00c2\u00bba.\\nWe also keep a sujyply of Pure No. 1 Peruvian Guano,\\nv)hieh we vnll sell at lowest market jvrire\\nin Savannah and Augusta.\\nALSO A G E N T S FOR T II J\\nWILLCOX GIBBS\\nilllll SlWll\u00c2\u00a9 MAiHllli,\\nWhich are sold at manufacturers prices.\\nAns: When she a averse to him.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0273.jp2"}, "274": {"fulltext": "32\\nCOOPER, OLOOTT CO.,\\nWHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS E\\nBOOKS STATIONERY OF ALL KINDS\\nCopying Books, Copying and Seal Presses,\\nCoruei- St. Julian and WhUaker sis.,\\nla.rg e stools o\u00c2\u00b1 I^ eii l^ia.i \\\\7-es\\nOur own importing, and low as the lowest. Wholesale ami retail.\\nNEWS, PRINTING, AND WRAPPING PAPERS.\\nA large stock of Printing Inks of all kinds.\\n%\\\\.msYL i@@Ks AMP wRBTcece papirs\\nIn large supply, and ordered as wanted.\\nFOREIGN AND AMERICAN BOOKS IMPORTED TO ORDER,\\nOne book or many at IVew York rates, and all books sold at publishers prices.\\n(ioi.n PK^k H PKjy .ijyu pujycii. ctHJis\\nIn very large supply.\\nLEGAL AND COMMERCIAL BLANKS.\\nAns: When it is pouring over a book-store.\\nFRED. M. HULL.\\nJAS. E. GRADY.\\nHOLCOMBE CO.,\\nThos. Eoloonlje, estatlished 1S3S,\\nNo. 181 Bay street,\\nAns: Because he offers a horn to every one he meets.\\nC. T. COOPER,\\nm~\\nmm m ii..,i,. Hill IWl \u00c2\u00a9\u00e2\u0096\u00a0i;\\nJllf ii W IP\\nStStllS 9 SbTXCX 11,\\nSA\u00c2\u00a5ifflikH MM\u00c2\u00a3W.\\nAns: Because they are matchless.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0274.jp2"}, "275": {"fulltext": "83\\nTJK^S. ,1. DUNBAR.\\n][n:NKY A. STUJ.TS.\\nT. J. DUNBAR CO.,\\nImDorters aiiJ Wolesale Dealers in\\nBRANDIES, WHISKIES\\n^jEJiMk ml MWMmf\\nSEG^RS, ETC.,\\nNo. 147 Bay street,\\nRI\u00c2\u00a5AlfW/4\\nAns: Because it is always to be found in bed and in debt.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0275.jp2"}, "276": {"fulltext": "34\\nB. B. Feekill. a. B. Wk.muow.\\n^^..^OTOIE^S\\nBay street, Savannah, 6a.,\\nWill sell antl j)urcha,so on com mission Cotton, Timcki:,\\nPbodcck, and Meechandisk. Consignments respectfully\\nsolicited, upon which hberal advances will be made.\\nAns: When tkey blush and weep, for then they raise a hue and ciy.\\nHEKMAISTN L. SCHREINEK,\\nJ.C.SCHREINER SONS,\\nh0Cl nnrt ^U.srcUancou.ci gooh.^, stationery\\n5, MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, AND\\nWHOLtSAI.i; AND EETAIL,\\nOi^jtosife I nlaski House,\\nPIANOS, MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, AND MUSIC,\\nWHOLtSAI.i; AND EETAIL,\\nAms: The wheel of Fortune.\\nDKAIER IN dfm Fl!RMSHI.\\\\\u00c2\u00ab GOODS, C03iCS, BRUSHES, AND FANCY ARTICLES,\\n.sinei-ictni and Imported Perfumery,\\nCANES, UMBRELLAS, HAVANA DOMESTIC SEGAKS,\\nThe celebrated Balm of Savannah now ready and for sale at his Saloon,\\nCoi iwi of Hull ai}d livifim sfrccfti.\\nHAIR CUTTING, SHAMPOOING, SHAVING, AND BATH ROOMS.\\nTuH )iiy-si:c years established.\\nParents will please not forget his beautiful style of Children s Hair Cutting,\\nat the low price of twenty-five cents.\\nAns: When it s down.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0276.jp2"}, "277": {"fulltext": "J. JIcDONOUGH.\\nT. BALLENTYNE.\\nST. FfllliDRV\\nOpposite G-uif Railroad Depot,\\n\u00c2\u00a3l,\u00c2\u00bb5-\\niitffi tarn Mimii iftitt\\nMADE TO ORDER\\nALL SIZES ON HAND.\\nsw\u00e2\u0082\u00ac4E mmm ana i@si.ii\\nREDUCTIOlNr IN PRICES.\\nWE WILL SELL AS FOLLOWS:\\nSugar Mills, 18-mch\\nSugar Mills, 16-incli 70\\nSugar Mills, 14-inch 55\\nSugar Mills, 12-incli 35\\nSugar Boilers, 40 gallons 17\\nSugar Boilers, 50 gallons 22\\nSugar Boilers, 60 gallons 25\\nSugar Boilers, 80 gallons 34\\nSugar Boilers, 100 gallons 45\\nOUR MILL SHAFTS arc made out of the best 3-incli wrought\\niron. JOURNALS -ft-ill be iirade of a standard size. EXTRA\\nBOXES always on hand.\\nFrom our well-known reputation, we solicit a share of public\\npatronage. All work is warranted and delivered at depots and\\nsteamboats free of charge. All orders promptly attended to.\\nT. BAT.T.ENTYNE CO.\\nAns: a green pear.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0277.jp2"}, "278": {"fulltext": "EPSTEIN EINSTEIN,\\n\\\\\\\\l!ol?s;ile ami Retail Mm in\\nMil mi, ill MlSfii\\nlonMrees ^t3?\u00c2\u00a9Gt,\\nAns: When tlaey are bouudin sheei).\\nEl. J IPXJI^SE],\\nPRIISTTER, BIISTDER,\\nANf)\\nBLmi^ BOOK ft^ANJtDFAeTlDRiB^\\nOVEl; .1. AND W. ItrTIlKBlOUl),\\nAns: Because bis coughin (cofi n) had to be sixspeuded.\\nJNO. R. DILLON. WM. S. STKTSON.\\nt\\nIMMl MSS\\nV\\nKo. 101 BAY STREET,\\nAns: Its nioutli.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0278.jp2"}, "279": {"fulltext": ";^7\\nFERaUSON DIXON,\\nimn^ Waiiitta\\nIBKKBTi\\nBet. Bull Whitaker,\\nSAVANNAH, OA.\\nWe hnve a fine aud well-selected stock of\\nHETALLR MAHOGANY. WALNUT, GRAINED, AND STAINED miM-\\nCoffin Plates ami Trimmings always on hand. Neatest Hearses and Car\\nriages furnished for Funerals. Ice Cases for Preserving Remains in the\\nwarmest weather. Keinains disinterred, boxed, and shipped. Orders from\\nthe country promptly attended to.\\nPersonal attentiougiven to all orders, and can be found at any time at oui\\nwareroom or residence.\\nT FERGtTSOlV, W. DIXOBf,\\nResidence, N. W. eor. President and Price St\u00c2\u00bb. President, one door from W. Broad St.\\nAks: Because it is an internal transport.\\nWHOLESALE DEALER IN\\nWines, Liquors,Teas, Se\u00c2\u00a7ars,Tobacco,\\nETC. .\\\\LSO SOLE .\\\\GEKT FOR THE STATES OF GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, FOR\\nMassey, Huston Go s Celebrated Philadelphia Ale.\\nESX.BMSHK. 1844. 150 BAY STREET, SAVANNAH, GA.\\nAns: Because they strike and run for home.\\nHXSIffRY BRTA..,\\nlOI Bay street, Savannah, Ga.\\nAss: Because they grow upon the palniH.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0279.jp2"}, "280": {"fulltext": ".1. II. ^SilBKlDGF. New Orleans, b. ,1. S. HITM, Ha.on 0.\\nE CO.,\\nA!*ri) GEi^IillAL PUECHASING AGENTS,\\nASHBRIDG-E, SMITH CO.,\\nNEW OELEANS, LA.\\nI would rospectfullj iuform my Iriends and the public ihut I have\\nresumed my business connection M itli the above well-known house,\\n;tnd will be in Liverpool early the coming season, to give my per-\\nsonal attention (o the interests of those who may favor us with a\\nshare of their business.\\nJ. S. HUTTON.\\nAns Because it makes her hear.\\nBrokerage Exchange Office\\nOF\\nlOl IBa^v^ Js^ti-eet,\\nSAVANNAH. GA.\\nAns Because it is used up.\\nMILLINERY AND STRAW GOODS,\\n160 Congress street, Savannah, Ga.,\\nWHOLESALE AND RETAIL,\\nTil great variety, for both Ladies and Childi-eu, Trimmed and Untrimmed; also,\\nSILKS, KIBBONS, CRAPES. BRIDAL WREATHS, FLOWERS. FRENCH\\nBONNET FRAMES, DOTTED NETS, RUCHES, ILLUSIONS, BONNET OR-\\nNAMENT.S, BANDBOXES, etc., etc., and all additional articles, embraciiiR\\nA OOiMPLSTE STOCK OP FIEST-CLASS FASHIOHASLE GOODS.\\nBecelvins weekly all the latest novelties direct from the largest importing ami\\nmanufacturing houses in the United States.\\nMRS, S. PE ASE.\\nAns: Because all of the others re week day.\u00c2\u00ab.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0280.jp2"}, "281": {"fulltext": "3!)\\nSOU T H K R N IS R A N C H\\nHi\u00c2\u00ae lasi Fftat \u00c2\u00aetii;p tmy\\nOffice No. 91 Bay street,\\nmTmMM AVH, OA\u00c2\u00bb\\nAARON WILBUB,, R. D. ARNOLD,\\nManac/er ifonthern Branch. ConsuWvg Physicimt,\\nW. U. BoYP, Agent. Kaston Yonge. Ex g Physician.\\nJ. J. Abkams, Canva^ing Agent.\\nMaj. E. H. Bacon, State Agent for Georyia ami Alahama.\\nWm. O. Price, Jj:., Bnokl^cfprr.\\nJno. L. Howakd, Polky Clerk.\\nJko. H. Cavaxauc.h, Assistant Buokkeepir.\\nOver $11,000,000 of insurance effected in this Branch office\\ns 1 N c K 1 -J\\nPolicies written and Josses paid here.\\nDividends a.^ favorable as any other company.\\nLocal Board of Directors.\\nHENRY BKIGHiUr, Esq Pies t Merchants Nat. Bank,\\nA. A. SOLOMONS, of A. A. Solomons (V. Druggist.\\nOCTAVUS COHEN, Esq Merchant.\\nE. A. SOULLARD, Esq\\nH. A. CRANE, Esq., of Crane Craybill\\nM. A. COHEN, Esq Sec. and Treas. Home Ins. Co.\\nFRED. M. HULL, Esq., of Holcombe Co Merchant.\\nJ. D. IIOPKIN S, Esq. of Andrew Low Co\\nAARON WILBUR, Esq President Home Ins. Co.\\nAns Take to hi? pump?.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0281.jp2"}, "282": {"fulltext": "40\\nWlfilES, LIQUORS, SE ARS.\\nBull street, near the Post-office,\\nWISE S CORK IRISH WHISKEY,\\nAND TIIK\\nFINEST BRANDS OF IMPORTED WIXES, MQU0R8, AND\\nSE6ARS CONSTANTLY ON HAND.\\nSUPERIOR ALES INBOTTLES AND ON DRAUGHT.\\nAms: Season of Lent.\\nBUTCHER AND GREEN GROCER,\\nSTALLS 1 k I SAVAMAll MAEKIiT. AM\\nJor. Abercorn C- llufl sts., SavaundJt, (ro.\\nSHIPPINa AND FAMILIES\\nSUPPLIED WITH\\nFRESH MEATS, VEGETABLES, ETC.\\nAns: As the source of all his woes (whoas)\\nISAAC D. LaROCHE CO.,\\nAuction and Commission Merchants,\\np. H. WARD. Auctioneer,\\nTV o 1 1 Q B a .y s 1 1\u00c2\u00bb e e t\\nEeal Estate, Bonds, Stocks, and General Merchandise.\\nLiberal advances made on consignments for sale licie or foi ship-\\nment. Orders solicited.\\nAwe: Because it i.\u00c2\u00ab a matter of course.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0282.jp2"}, "283": {"fulltext": "41\\nLATHROP CO.,\\n139 141 Oongress Street, Savanuab, Ga.,\\nWHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN\\nBOOTS, SHOES, CARPETS,\\nmL aLQ fMiS, iLA\\\\ei; c^i^todnis,,\\nWHOLK ^AJLE ROOMS UP STAIRS.\\nAs\u00c2\u00ab: Wlieu Henry VIII dissolved the Papal Bull.\\nv.. M. soinn-L. A. c. sokrel.\\nCotton Factors and Genefal Commission l^^lefchants?\\nISTo. 7 2 Bay Street,\\nsavanna h, G-A.\\nIJfiual facilities extended, to Planters.\\nAws: Because a kan|;aroo was seen going aboard of the ark with hops.\\nRdc..\\\\r L. Oltkka}!!!. J^dwaud L. Holcombm.\\nG-UEKAKD HOLCOMBE.\\nu\\nNO. 5 STODDARD S LOWER RANGE, BAY STREET,\\nAre prepared lo advance liberally on Consignments of Cotton, Produce, and Merchandise.\\nEefekesces. Robc-rt Habersham Sons, Hunter k. Gammell, Geo. W. An\\nderson, Duncan Johnson, Holeombe Co., Anthony Porter.\\nAns; When he is a little sulky. n*", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0283.jp2"}, "284": {"fulltext": "42\\nMEINHARD BROS. CO.,\\nWHOLESALE DEALERS IN\\nREADY-MADE OLOTHINfi,\\ni g@@BS.\\nIll BROUG-HTOlSr ST.,\\nSJSi\\n1. MEIMARD\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Office, 80 and 82 White Stmt, New Vork.\\nAns Because he can not be confined to one spot.\\nCHARLES E. O SULLIVAN,\\n\u00c2\u00ab.l wi I\u00c2\u00a91 f slut\\n^1 I\\nCITY HOTEL BUILDING,\\nISiry Street, Savaninali, Gra.,\\nRespectfully solicits your patronage.\\nAns: When she s ankering after a heavy swell.\\nBay Street, Savannah, G-eorgia.\\nAns When she s making for a p*\u00c2\u00abc,", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0284.jp2"}, "285": {"fulltext": "43\\nJOHN J. MAURICE,\\nWHOLESALE A\\\\D liETAll- MANUFACTURER OF\\nliii Tliwir\u00c2\u00a9* Til l.@\u00c2\u00a9tii\\nA N D\\nMJ.YAIJMB- mm mmmm.\\nETC.,\\nBryan St., Northwest of Market Square,\\nAks: Because he never knows when he may be blown up.\\nBOOT AND SHOE MAKER,\\nSouth Side of f^ Broughton St.,\\n(Bet. Bui,r and Whitaker),\\nSAVANNAH, GA.\\nAns: To take the jaw out of a woman.\\nWATCHES, JEWEUY^ CLOCKS, SPE(]TACLES,\\nNORTHWEST CORNER BRYAN AND V/HITAKER STS.,\\n(Griffin s Old \u00c2\u00bb)taiid).\\nWatches, Clocks, and Jewelry carefully repaired,\\nand wan auted.\\nAss When he presses his suit.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0285.jp2"}, "286": {"fulltext": "44\\nAtlantic Gulf Railroad\\nI\\nmoiM\\nFLORIDA, IN\\n12 Hours and 30 Minutes,\\nBY THE\\nAtlantic Gulf and Pensacola Georgia Railroads,\\nIffO GHAlffQK OF GARS\\nBetween titose Citieb.\\nPULLMAN, KIMBALL RAMSEY S\\nAltiiched to all Night Trains running through from Savannali\\nto Jacksonville.\\nt:e3:i=ioxjg-:e3: tzokieits\\nYi.v All Rail or Steamships,\\nllandbillS) giving further particular!^, cau lie\\nfound at the Hotels.\\nAns: Because it is taken iu to bo brougUt up.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0286.jp2"}, "287": {"fulltext": "4fi\\nlii,ilktl Sf mat\u00c2\u00ae H\u00c2\u00aems\u00c2\u00a9t\\nBOWLING SALOON,\\n138 Bryan Street, Savannah, G-eorgia.\\nVAL0TIN15 CASLER. Proprietor.\\nrixia long and favorably known establishment is always supplied\\nwith the finest\\nImported by Ihe Proprietor expressly for his Cnstomers.\\nAds: Where the dove brought the green back to Noah.\\nGRANTHAM I. TAGGART^\\nWHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN\\nANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL,\\nliraipp0V\u00c2\u00a9d Parapsj Water FeatitSp attcj goiredl WeHe^\\nNo. 7 Stoddard s Lower Range,\\nAns: Because they can t separate without adieu (a dew).\\nM. KkTCIUM. a. llAr.TIMDOl..\\nKETCHUM HARTKIDG-E,\\n\u00c2\u00a7attfeev^ and Commi.^s^Jon pevduwtot\\nExchange Building, Savannah, Ga.\\nKeferences:\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Moses Taylor, Prcs t City Bank, Xew i ork; P. C. Ciilhoun.\\nPres t Fourth Kational Bank, N. Y. John J. Cisco Son, bankers, N. Y.;\\nMorris Ketchum, banker, N. Y.; J. N. Norris, Cashior First National Bank,\\nBaltimore; M. McMichael, Cashier First National Bank, Philadelphia.\\nAns: Because there e no more parting or dying there.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0287.jp2"}, "288": {"fulltext": "46\\nF. TILLMAN, ALKX. C. McRAE,\\nLate of Texas. Savannah, Ga.-\\nTILLMAN McRAE,\\nGeneral OliomiMsbn 5trc|mrts,\\nNo. 82 Bay street,\\nUmm ADVA?iCFS 0^ C ONSiGMENT FOR SIORAOE, SALE, OR SHIPME^f.\\nAss: A s a(7-nation.\\nSAM L M. LEDERER CO.,\\nFOREIGN AND DOMESTIC\\n113 BROUOHTON STREET,\\nNo. 209 Greenwich St., New York.\\nA\u00c2\u00bb: When he s/ e-blest.\\nEDAVARD D. BOIl WM. A McKENZIK.\\nB\u00c2\u00a9aaiiil\u00c2\u00a9m Kiiiliamti^\\nBAY STREpyr,\\nAns; Because it turns words into swords.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0288.jp2"}, "289": {"fulltext": "47\\nDAVID BAILEY.\\nBEENAKD BRADT.\\nBAILEY BRADY,\\nKllflAll lAllili.\\nAND DEALERS IN\\n12 Whitaker street, Savannah, Ga.\\nAns: Advice.", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0289.jp2"}, "290": {"fulltext": "4s\\nROBERTS TILL!\\n(1\\niBMissi\u00c2\u00ae!. iitieftaftii\\nNORTH SIDE BAY STREET,\\nSe\u00c2\u00abond \\\\)m Sest of the (lity Kxi han!i;t\\nil^TAl llAS. mA.\\nAks: Chaps on their lips.\\nSLOAN, GROOVER CO.,\\nCotton Factors Commission Merchants,\\nBay Street, Savannah, Ga.\\nLIBERAL mmm m mm coinsignep to ovu mwim mmn m\\nNEW YORK AND LIVERPOOL.\\nA. M. Sloak. F. Stup.b.s, C. E. Ghoovki;, A. T. SIacintyuk,\\nIJorne, Ga. Macon, Ga. Brooks Co., Oa. Thomasville, Ga.\\nAns: Husband thein.\\nT. F. SMITH,\\n69 BAY ST., SAVANNAH, GA.\\nCONSIONMENTS t^ ORDKllS SOLJCIi KD.\\nAlso General Advertising Agent for the Southern Press.\\nAwa: Hailing omnibuses.\\nH107 75 il", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0290.jp2"}, "291": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0291.jp2"}, "292": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0292.jp2"}, "293": {"fulltext": "m\\\\\\nLIB_EF\\nd i 1 1 1 r 51 a t3 c:z]h.czzi izzi cz^ zz:^ 3 J t\\nIrioD\\nV 2 o m 5 0JJJH BRO/\\nCD C\\nIST\\nsS I", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0293.jp2"}, "294": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0294.jp2"}, "295": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3303", "width": "2768", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0295.jp2"}, "296": {"fulltext": "r7 h\\nr^", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0296.jp2"}, "297": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0297.jp2"}, "298": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0298.jp2"}, "299": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0299.jp2"}, "300": {"fulltext": "rv^\\n,40^^\\no-\\n^^--^1\\n.f\\no c ^J n I-\\nV^", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0300.jp2"}, "301": {"fulltext": "V V ^.i. J.0\\nV-^^\\n\\\\/^^W^^ ^^^^Z\\nV. T^\\\\,o^ _ -o^ o-.;-\\nV\\n^oV\\nJA h 75\\n5^!^ N. MANCHESTER.\\nIMni NA L\\n0 o V\\n4 o\\nS:^\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0*\u00c2\u00bb.i//iD -CL", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0301.jp2"}, "302": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2714", "width": "1549", "jp2-path": "historicalrecord01leef_0302.jp2"}}