{"1": {"fulltext": ".im. JlM.il^\\nF\\nT9R5\\nOIF-\\n^fboo Island, Gf.\\nAnd a Sketch of the\\nSavannah Tybee R. R.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0BT\\nB. H. RICHARDSON,\\nSavannah, Ga\\nPRESS OF SAVANNAH TIMES PUBLISHING COMPANY.\\n1886.\\nI librarian ot Congress, ac Washuitfton. D. C", "height": "3892", "width": "2387", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "Glass.\\nBook\\nV ja", "height": "3745", "width": "2429", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3809", "width": "2382", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3745", "width": "2429", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "A mmrmEY\\nOIP\\nee Yi\\nv C^^^\\nAnd a Sketch of the\\nSavannal? Tybee R. R.\\nBY\\n2,^ B. H, RICHARDSON\\nSavannah. Ga.\\nPRESS OF SAVANNAH TIMES PUBLISHING COMPANY.\\n1886.\\nEntered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1886, by 13. H. RICHARUSON, in the Ollice of the\\nLibrarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.", "height": "3809", "width": "2382", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "AS A TRIBUTE\\nTO THE\\nEnergy, Foresight and Public Spirit\\nOF\\nCAPT. DANIEL G. PURSE,\\nPresident of the Savannah and Tybee Railroad,\\nManifested 271 the grand eyiterprise which has linked the Forest\\nCity to Tybee Island\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the Soiiih s Long Bra7ich\u00e2\u0080\u0094with ba?ids of\\nsteel, this little sketch is dedicated ivith the esteein and friendship\\nof\\nTHE AUTHOR.\\nSavannah, Ga., December, 1886.", "height": "3745", "width": "2429", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "THE SOUTH S LONG BRANCH.\\nMagnificent Seaside Resort Attractions for\\nStrangers, Recreation for All A Summer Resort\\nWITH Allurements for Winter Tourists A Sketch\\nof Tybee Island, Ga., i2 Miles from Savannah,\\nAND i8 Miles to the Extreme Southern End\\nHistorical Incidents Reminiscences Fortifica-\\ntions Picturesque Scenery, Pure Water, Perfect\\nDrainage, Ample Hotel Accommodations A Rail-\\nroad FROM THE Forest City, the Seaport of the\\nEmpire State of the South, to the Sea A Gigan-\\ntic Enterprise Conceived and Successfully Accom-\\nplished BY Captain D. G. Purse, a Prominent\\nCapitalist and Citizen of Savannah.\\nB. H. Richardson.\\nWithin the past twenty years, particular attention has been\\ndirected to the South, especially in the North and the West and\\nhundreds of thousands of the representative people of these sec-\\ntions have been attracted to its sunny clime in search of recrea-\\ntion and health, and particularly in winter, from a desire to escape\\nthe rigors of their own climate. Naturally, this annual inflow of\\nstrangers has acted as a stimulus upon the Southern people, and\\nwith the purpose of encouraging it they have exerted their best\\nefforts.", "height": "3809", "width": "2382", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "A HISTORICAL SKETCH\\nThe tide of travel has been particularly directed to Georgia\\nand Florida, and Savannah^ the chief seaport of the Empire State\\nof the South has been the Mecca to which thousands of these\\npilgrims have wended their way. While hundreds have re-\\nmained in that lovely city but a few days, thousands more have\\nbeen charmed by its picturesque beauty and have lingered\\nlonger.\\nFor health seekers and tourists few cities offer greater attrac-\\ntions in the South than Savannah, with its lovely squares and\\nparks, its monuments, its handsome churches, its superb Art\\nGallery and Historical Society Library, Hospitals, Infirmaries,\\nMasonic Temple, Odd Fellows Hall, and other Society Halls and\\nMilitary Armories, and it is not surprising, that with its equable\\ncHmate, its unsurpassed transportation facilities and its grand mar-\\nket, from which are supplied not only the products of Southern\\nsoil, luxuries of its waters such as fish in every variety, oysters,\\nclams, crabs, and shrimp, but the choicest articles of the North-\\nern and Western markets. Savannah, therefore, is popular\\nwith those seeking health and recreation. With all these ad-\\nvantages, however, there was something lacking to fill the full\\nmeasure of the desire, not alone of the stranger, but those to the\\nmanner born.\\nNew York has her Long Branch, New Jersey her Cape May,\\nMaryland her Eastern Shore, Rhode Island her Nantucket, and\\nSavannah, equally fortunate, scarcely realized that she had at her\\narm s length, as it were, an Island with attractions and resources\\ncapable of development that would compare favorably as a\\npleasure resort with any of the places named. It remained for\\nan energetic citizen, a man of broad views, nerve and deter-\\nmination, to grapple the situation, conceive the scheme from\\nwhich would be evolved a plan for utilizing the resources of this\\nisland, and develop it into a resort that would prove attractive\\nalike to the summer health and pleasure seekers nearer home, as\\nwell as the tourist and invalid from the bleak North. This\\nman was Captain D. G. Purse, and what he has secured to the\\npeople of interior Georgia and her sister Southern States, who\\nseek the sea coast during the summer for health and recreation\\nas well as for the enfeebled invalid, and the wealthy pleasure\\ntourist from the North in winter, is told briefly within these", "height": "3745", "width": "2429", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "OF TYBEE ISLAND, GA.\\npages, in which narrative the writer has endeavored to present\\na truthful yet graphic description of the Long Branch of the\\nSouth,\\nTYBEE ISLAND.\\nTybee, far famed, dehghtful Tybee, whose shores are laved by\\nthe bounding billows of the broad Atlantic, is the most important\\nlink in the chain of islands which fringe the South Atlantic coast\\nfrom Charleston to Fernandina.\\nIt is at the entrance to the harbor of Savannah and within its\\nroad-stead vessels find safe anchorage during the most tumultu-\\nous storms. In 1874 the island first came into prominence as a\\nfashionable seaside resort, and grew rapidly in favor, and it would\\nhave been to-day, what it is hoped to make it in the near future,\\nbut for want of perfect connection with the main land. This\\ndrawback is being rapidly removed by the Railroad now in\\nprocess of construction, connecting the Island with Savan-\\nnah, which will reduce the time of the trip frcm two hours\\nto thirty minutes.\\nTHE SETTLEMENT OF THE ISLAND.\\nThe most careful research has failed to fix definitely the exact\\ntime of the settlement of Tybee, but it would appear from the\\nbest information that at an early period in the life of the Georgia\\ncolony the Island was peopled, though not very thickly settled.\\nIt is highly probable, however, that it was occupied a short\\ntime previous to the settlement of Savannah by people fiom the\\nneighboring South Carolina Islands.\\nTHE FIRST PRAYER ON TYBEE.\\nOne of the most interesting and note- worthy incidents in connec-\\ntion with the history of Tybee is that upon its soil the Rev. John\\nWesley, the founder of Methodism in America, uttered his first", "height": "3809", "width": "2382", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "A HISTORICAL SKETCH\\nprayer in Georgia. Every reader of history will recollect\\nwhat was called the great embarcation from England which\\nleft the port of Liverpool in December, 1735. Prominent among\\nthat company were John Wesley, David Nitschmann, Sr., a vener-\\nable Moravian Bishop, who had suffered persecution, impris-\\nonment and almost death in Germany, and who was now leading\\nanother colony of Moravians to join their brethren already settled\\nnear Savannah. It was indeed a lare company. They had\\nbeen out for fifty-seven days, crowded together in small ships,\\nwhen their hearts were gladdened by the sight of Tybee they\\nfelt that their long and dangerous voyage was ended, and\\ndisembarking safely on the Island immediately their hearts were\\nuplifted in thankfulness to the Creator for the preservation ot\\ntheir lives. What a spectacle it must have been, that the beach\\nat Tybee presented on that calm Sunday morning in February,\\n1735) when the Rev. John Wesley, surrounded by these people,\\nwho were seeking in the new world relief Irom oppression and\\npersecution, and the enjoyment of their religious convictions,\\non bended knees and with bowed heads, gave utterance to\\nwords of adoration and thankfulness to the Almighty, who had\\nsafely brought them to the haven where they would be.\\nTHE LIGHT HOUSE.\\nAs early as 1733 a light-house, to rise ninety feet above the\\nsurface, was by direction of General Oglethorpe, begun\\nnear the northern end of Tybee Island, and a guard was there\\nposted. It was intended for the guidance of vessels entering the\\nSavannah river. Moore informs us that this beacon was to be\\ntwenty-five feet square at the base, ninety feet high, and ten feet\\neach way at the top.\\nIt was to be constructed of the best pine, strongly timbered,\\nraised upon cedar piles and brickwork round the bottom.\\nHe adds that, when finished, it would be of good service to\\nall shipping, not only those bound to this port, but also to Caro-\\nlina, for the land of all the coast for some hundred miles is so\\nalike, being all low and woody, that a distinguishing mark is of\\ngreat consequence.", "height": "3745", "width": "2429", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "OF TYBEE ISLAND, GA.\\nMuch delay occurred in the completion of this structure, and\\nappropriations were made from time to time, during the colo-\\nnial epoch, for its repair. A plate of this tower is in the Public\\nRecord office in London, and a small engraving- of it may be seen\\nat page 88 of Harris Memorials of Oglethorpe. In the course of\\ntime this beacon fell unto ruin and was, in later days, supplanted\\nby the substantial light-house constructed under the auspices of\\nthe General Government.\\nTHE ESCAPE OF GOVERNOR WRIGHT.\\nIt will be remembered that after his escape under cover of\\nnight by way of Bonaventure from Savannah, Governor Wright\\ntook refuge on board the British fleet then lying in Tybee\\nRoads. Subsequent to the demonstration by Barclay and\\nGrant, in March, 1776, against the rice-laden vessels lying at\\nthe wharves at Savannah, and when the expedition had\\nreturned to its anchorage at the mouth of Savannah River, Gov-\\nernor Wright, the officers of the fleet, and the King s soldiers\\nfrequently went ashore on Tybee Island and utilized for their\\ncomfort and enjoyment the houses there situated. This the Re-\\npublican Council of Safety determined to prevent by the destruc-\\ntion of those edifices.\\nAccordingly, an expedition consisting of riflemen, light infan-\\ntry, volunteers and a few Creek Indians\u00e2\u0080\u0094 led by Archibald Bul-\\nloch, on the 25th of March, 1776, made a descent upon the Island\\nand burned every house except one in which a sick woman and\\nseveral children were found. Two marines from the fleet and a\\nTory were killed, and one marine and several Tories were cap-\\ntured. Although the Cherokee man of war and an armed sloop\\nkept up an incessant fire, the Rebel party, consisting of\\nabout one hundred men, sustained no loss, and returned to\\nSavannah in safety having fully executed the prescribed mission.\\nAfter the capture of Savannah in December, 1778, by Colonel\\nCampbell, the British constructed a fort near the light-house on the\\nnorthern extremity of Tybee Island. It was an earth-work,\\ncovered now by the site purchased by the United States Govern-", "height": "3809", "width": "2382", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "A HISTORICAL SKETCH\\nment in 1874 for a heavier defensive work; was designed\\nto guard the entrance into the Savannah River, and was\\narmed with a twenty-tour pounder gun and an eight and a\\nhalf inch howitzer, With these guns the EngHsh endeavored to\\nintercept the entrance of the French Squadron, under Count\\nd Estaing, in September, 1779.\\nAs soon however, as a detachment of French troops was thrown\\nupon the Island, Fort Tybee was precipitately abandoned, and the\\ngarrison retreated upon Savannah.\\nTHE MARTELLO TOWER.\\nOne of the most notable and conspicuous objects on the Island,\\nwhich is viewed with much interest by visitors, is the Martello\\nTower standing prominently forth on the northern extremity in\\nproximity to the light-house, and supposed to be the work of\\nthe Spaniards before Oglethorpe s time. It is a curious looking\\nstructure of tabby, a concrete of oyster shells and lime, in an\\nexcellent state of preservation, very substantial in appearance.\\nThere is little data obtainable in reference to its history, but its\\nformation and the character of its interior corroborate the\\ngenerally conceived impression that it was built in the early part\\nof the last century, designed to prevent hostile ascent of the\\nSavannah River, and was used as a kind of Fort. It com-\\nmands a good view of the channel and was Evidently constructed\\nwith that special purpose.\\nAN INTERESTING INCIDENT OF THE FIRST REVOLUTION.\\nAmong the many interesting historical memories which cluster\\naround Tybee, is that of its being the scene of the first capture of\\na British vessel by an American commissioned man of war, in\\nthe early days of the struggle of the American colonists.\\nOn information received in the Spring of 1775 that a ship\\nhad sailed from London with a large supply of powder and am-\\nmunition for the use of the Royalists at Savannah, the authorities", "height": "3745", "width": "2429", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "OF TYBEE ISLAND, GA.\\nof Carolina despatched forty armed men in barges to intercept her\\nbefore she entered Tybee Roads. Meanwhile a British armed\\nschooner had reached Tybee with instructions to protect the\\npowder ship on her arrival and cover the safe delivery of her\\ncargo. This movement coming to the knowledge of the provis-\\nional Government of Georgia, prompt action was decided upon.\\nA schooner was armed and commissioned and placed under the\\ncommand of Captains Bowen and Joseph Habersham with in-\\nstructions to run off or capture the British armed vessel at Tybee.\\nOn the approach of the American schooner the British schooner\\nstood out to sea, and the American lay off Tybee. On the loth\\nof July, 1775 the powder ship appeared in the offing, but suspi-\\ncions being excited on board, her Captain [Maidand] tacked and\\nput to sea again.\\nThe American schooner pursued, and with the aid of the South\\nCarolina barges, previously mentioned, captured her and secured\\nsixteen thousand pounds of powder, nine thousand pounds of\\nwhich fell to the share of Georgia. Five thousand pounds of\\nthis powder was sent to the patriots near Boston, Massachusetts.\\nTHE FIRST BOMBARDMENT\\never heard on this Island was in September 1779, when the English\\ngarrison at Fort Tybee was dislodged by the French and forced\\nto flee. The French fleet which was coming to the assistance of\\nthe Georgia Colonists had been somewhat scattered by rough _\\nseas and high winds, but was entirely united on the 4th Septem-\\nber, 1779, and proceeded to Tybee on the 9th September,\\nCount D Estaing aboard the Chimere accompanied by three oth-\\ner frigates, forced a passage across the bar of the Savannah\\nRiver.\\nUpon the approach of these war vessels, the English fleet con-\\nsisting of four ships, a galley an l several small craft which had\\nbeen lying in Tybee Roads, weighed anchor and retired to Five-\\nFathom Hole, just below Savannah and from Fort Tybee, as\\nheretofore stated, an ineffectual fire was opened upon the French\\nsquadron a detachment of troops was thrown upon the\\nisland and the Fort was immediately abandoned by its garri-", "height": "3809", "width": "2382", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "10 A HISTORICAL SKETCH\\nson, which succeeded in effecting its escape. After occupying\\nthe island during the night and finding it entirely deserted by\\nthe enemy, the detachment was withdrawn the next morning.\\nCONFEDERATE OCCUPATION.\\nDuring the civil war the island was again fortified and occupied\\nas a garrison the Confederate troops taking possession on the\\n13th April, 1861. These troops comprised the ist Georgia Reg-\\nulars, under command of Major [afterwards Brigadier General]\\nWilliam Duncan Smith, and garrisoned the Island until 17th\\nJuly, 1 86 1, when they were ordered to Virginia and were reliev-\\ned by the First Volunteer Regiment of Georgia, under command\\nof Colonel Hugh W. Mercer, subsequently Brigadier General.\\nThe island remained thus garrisoned until November 13th, 1861,\\nwhen it was evacuated, the move being hastened by the capture\\nof Port Royal by the Federal Army, rendering the position of\\nthe garrison insecure and liable at any time to capture or isola-\\ntion. The two eight inch columbiads which had been used for\\nits defense were dismounted and transferred to Fort Pulaski,\\nwhere they were placed in position, and did good service in its\\nsubsequent bombardment. Sometime after the Confederate\\nevacuation of Tybee it was occupied by the Federal forces and\\nmade the base of their operations in forcing the surrender of\\nFort Pulaski and its garrison.\\nSELECTED FOR A GOVERNMENT FORT.\\nThus from its earliest known history Tybee has been a con-\\nspicuous factor in the military annals of the State and Union,\\nand its importance as the key to the defences of the coast and\\nthe river approaches on every occasion so clearly demonstrated,\\nattracted the attention of the General Government, and in\\n1874 purchase was made of a tract forming and constituting\\nthe northeasterly point of the island with Tybee light near\\nthe center of the tract containing 210 acres. The northeast shore\\nof this reservation was protected in 1882 from the inroads of", "height": "3745", "width": "2429", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "OF TYBEE ISLAND, GA. li\\nthe sea by three spur jetties composed of big mattresses overlaid\\nwith brush and loaded down with stone. After the purchase\\nplans were prepared under the direction of General Gillmore for\\nheavy defensive earth works to be constructed on the north\\npoint of the tract for the double purpose of preventing the\\noccupation of Tybee Roads by hostile forces, and defend-\\ning the channel of approach to the Savannah river. Nothing\\ndefinite has been done in regard to these plans, but there is no\\ndoubt that the advantages for the protection of our coast offered\\nby the site selected on Tybee, and the agitation of coast defense\\nbrought into prominence by the late distinguished statesman\\nHon. S. J. Tilden, will result ere long in securing action on the\\npart of the Government and the building of modern fortifications\\non the plans of Gen. Gillmore, thus adding another attraction\\nto the Island.\\nDEVELOPMENT OF THE ISLAND.\\nI have briefly sketched in the preceding pages important in-\\ncidents connected with the settlement and history of Tybee,\\nwhich are of general interest, prior to the purchase of the\\ngreater portion and controlling interest in the Island in 1885 by\\nCaptain D. G. Purse, its present owner.\\nCaptain Purse upon taking possession of the Island after his\\npurchase in April, 1885, found a very discouraging condition of\\naffairs, well calculated to deter a less determined will from en-\\ntering upon the work of restoration. After the violent storm of\\n1 88 1 that did so much damage at Savannah, on Tybee and along\\nthe South Atlantic coast, Tybee experienced for a season a loss\\nof its extreme popularity of the previous seasons, though it was\\nthe first storm to do any serious harm on the Island since 1S04,\\neighty years before.", "height": "3809", "width": "2382", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "12 A HISTORICAL SKETCH\\nDRAINAGE.\\nIt was a popular theory too that after the storm the health of\\nthe Island had been adversely affected because of the destruction\\nor choking up of its drainage. It is true the ^?y drainage of the\\nIsland may have undergone deterioration, but Captain Purse, in\\nhis efforts to fully restore the reputation that the Island enjoyed\\nprior to and in 1881 up to the time of the storm for perfect health-\\nfulness, found a more deep-seated and pernicious cause of un-\\nhealthfulness to combat, than defective drainage, which, if irrem-\\nediable, would have effectually defeated the plans he had con-\\nceived for the Island s development. Thorough drainage un-\\nder all conditions is an essential to the healthfulness of any lo-\\ncality and particularly is this the case in our semi-tropical lati-\\ntudes. Fortunate is it for Tybee that nature has provided a sys-\\ntem of drainage for the Island that leaves but little for science to\\ndo in bringing it to perfection, and this was accomplished under\\nthe auspices of the late Tybee Improvement Company. The in\\nand out flow of several salt creeks, free from the contamination\\nof fresh water streams, with a series of ditches, at each receding\\ntide relieves the Island of all surface water.\\nARTESIAN WELLS.\\nJust before his purchase on Tybee Island, Captain Purse at his\\nindividual expense had demonstrated the possibility of procur-\\ning in Savannah, at a moderate cost, a supply of artesian water\\nof the very purest character, in a well bored in the southwestern\\nportion of the city. Prior to this attempt the experience of\\nCharleston, so little removed from Savannah, had predisposed\\nour people to think their experience would be equally unsatisfac-\\ntory and expensive, and indeed the first announcement of the suc-\\ncess of the first well was discredited in Charleston, and made the\\nsubject of an editorial in the News and Courier of that city,\\nagainst the possibility of a flow of pure artesian water being\\nobtained at 500 or 600 feet depth. Thus it was that the drinking\\nwater supply of Tybee engaged the earliest consideration of its", "height": "3745", "width": "2429", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "OF TYBEE ISLAND, GA. 13\\nowner, the result of analysis proving the water then in use to be of\\nthe most deleterious composition. Captain Purse immediately\\ncontracted with the Messrs. Mulligan who had bored so success-\\nfully his Savannah well, to go at once to Tybee and bore a well\\nnear the Ocean House for the supply of that hostelry. Ar-\\nrangements were made for going down one thousand feet if nec-\\nessary, but a vein of the purest artesian water was struck\\nthrough a two inch pipe at a depth of two hundred and forty\\nfeet, which lifted the water nearly fifteen feet above the surface\\nof the ground, within six hundred feet of the surging bil-\\nlows of the Atlantic Ocean, and made this experiment a greater\\nsuccess than the one in the city.\\nThe effect of this experiment upon the sea islands of the coast\\ncannot be over estimated in their future healthfulness, for\\ntheir greatest peril in the past has been from bad water. Nor\\ncan too much praise be accorded to Captain Purse for this\\nnoble contribution to the relief of suffering humanity, which he\\nsuccessfully pushed to a perfect consummation, nothing daunted\\nby the prediction of pessimists.\\nTwo more wells quickly followed the success of the first (at\\nabout the same depth,) with same flow and quality of water the\\nsecond well at the north end of the Island near the steamboat\\nwharf exhibiting the peculiararity of rising and falling with the\\ntide in its flow, but unaffected by it in quality, as shown by analy-\\nsis. The three wells now afford an abundant supply of the purest\\nwater to Tybee, and the effect upon the health of the residents of\\nthe Island since it was substituted for the well and pump water\\ndrawn from shallow depths, (deep wells having been too pro-\\nnouncedly brackish) is extremely marked, has permanently\\nremoved every cause of disease from the Island, and entides Ty-\\nbee to rank in healthfulness among the first of sea side resorts on\\nthe entire Atlantic front, the year round. Complete analyses of\\nthe water have been made by Prof. C. F. Chandler, Ph. D., New\\nYork, Prof. G. A. Leibig, Ph. D., Baldmore, Md., Prof. H. C.\\nWhite, State Chemist, Athens, Ga., and Prof. Chas. U. Shep-\\nard, Jr., Charleston, S. C, each of whom as the result of their\\nexaminadon pronounce it perfectly pure potable or drinking\\nwater. The latter. Prof. Shepard, of Charleston, S. C, who has\\nhid an extensive experience in analysing artesian waters, pro-", "height": "3809", "width": "2382", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "14 A HISTORICAL SKETCH\\nnounces the water of the Tybee wells the purest of any speci-\\nmens of artesian water he has ever examined.\\nThe full analyses of these distinguished scientists will be\\nfound at the end of this sketch.\\nA GRAND BEACH\\nwhich has been pronounced far superior to that of Cape May\\nextends a distance of five miles from the steamer s landing at\\nthe north portion to the south end, and is as smooth as a marble\\nfloor. The beach makes a magnificent and solid roadway and\\ncommands a complete view of Tybee Roads and the ocean\\nthroughout the entire length, affording a drive which can\\nscarcely be surpassed for exhilaration and enjoyment. Daily\\nthe grand ocean, with each succeeding tide, strews the beach\\nwith tributes from its mysterious depths, in the shape of\\nmyriads of beautiful shells of every form and description peb-\\nbles and peculiar fish formations and the collecting of these curi-\\nosities constitutes one of the most enjoyable pleasures of the visi-\\ntors to the Island and gathering shells by the seashore,\\nwhich to many, has been only a beautiful idea, becomes a pleas-\\nant reality. Many of these shells are of rare and unique form\\nand appearance, and are worthy of preservation as souvenirs and\\nmementos.\\nDuring the season, this beach presents a scene of rare attrac-\\ntiveness and beauty, rivaling in a measure the panoramas of life\\nand beauty which render Long Branch, Newport, Cape\\nMay and Nantucket renowned, and in the near future when\\nfull fruition crowns the plans already inaugurated and in process\\nof execution, Tybee will rank among the most noted of the\\npleasure resorts of the country.", "height": "3745", "width": "2429", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "OF TYBEE ISLAND, GA.\\nITS PICTURESQUENESS.\\nThe beach however, is not the only attraction of the Island,\\nwhich throughout its extent is of a peculiarly picturesque charac-\\nter that portion bordering the beautiful clear creeks, which\\nflow into the ocean at the south end of Tybee Inlet con-\\nstitutes a beautiful forest, which is the home of the feath-\\nered songsters of the South, the nimble rabbit and the\\nfrisky squirrel, wild beasts and reptiles are banished from\\nits shady seclusion, and the narrow walks known as bridle\\npaths, favorite promenades with the ardent and sentimental,\\nnot unfrequently become the path to a bridal. This woodland,\\ndestined to be one of the most desirable portions of the Island,\\nis already mapped out into building lots, and will be dotted\\nwith innumerable cottages.\\nResidents on the South End of the island have the choice of\\nsurf or still water bathing,as the ocean and the creek are equally\\naccessible. The creeks in and about the Island which are so\\nconven-ient, may properly be termed\\nTHE angler s delight,\\nas they literally teem with fish, from the fine bass to the tender\\ndelicious perch. The fishing immediately about Tybee is superb,\\nand in season numerous hauls are made by seine, by those who\\nderive their livelihood from the treasures of the deep, whilst the\\nzealous desciple of Walton is equally as fortunate with rod and\\ntackle. Oysters are also abundant, are of a peculiarly delicious\\nflavor, and popular in the market; crabs and shrimps are plentiful\\nin season, and indeed those who seek pleasure and recreation in\\npiscatorial pursuits can find enjoyment ad libitiitn.\\nMAMMOTH TURTLES.\\nTybee is noted, also, for its monster turtles, and turtle hunt-\\ning is a popular pastime with the residents and visitors. These\\nturtles come on shore at various intervals to deposit their eggs", "height": "3809", "width": "2382", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "16 A HISTORICAL SKETCH\\nand frequently nests have been discovered with two or three hun-\\ndred eggs. The discovery of a nest is evidence that a big turtle\\nis not far oif, and the searchers generally overtake the monster,\\nslowly and awkwardly ambling along the beach to or from the\\nwater, stop her progress and turn her over on her back, in which\\nundignified position, with fins flapping and head protruding and\\nreceding, she is left until arrangements are completed for her\\nremoval.\\nJust above Tybee and in full view is Cockspur Island, upon\\nwhich is located\\nFORT PULASKI\\nwhich figured conspicuously in the late civil war.\\nThis tract of land was conveyed to the United States, by Alex-\\nander Telfair, by deed^dated March 15th, 1830, and comprises the\\nwhole of Cockspur island, (except twenty acres on the eastern side,\\nwhich had been reserved for public use by the British Govern-\\nment) and is said to contain one hundred and fifty, acres.\\nJurisdiction was ceded to the United States by the act of the\\nLeglature of the State of Georgia, approved December 22nd,\\n1808. It appears that the eastern end of the island [twenty\\nacres] was reserved by the British authorities in 1758 or 1759,\\nand was afterwards occupied by a British work called Fort\\nGeorge.\\nOn February 6th, 1844, General J. G. Totten, chief engineer,\\naddressed a letter to the Secretary of War in which he set forth\\nthe chain of transfers of the island, less the twenty acres reserved,\\nand stated that it was presumed that the title to the twenty acres\\nbecame vested in the State of Georgia, upon the separation of the\\ncolonies from the British Government; that there was no evidence\\nof any direct cession of the same to the United States, and recom-\\nmended that application should be made to the Legislature of\\nGeorgia, through the Governor, for a cession thereof An extract\\nfrom a letter from the Governor of Georgia to the Secretary of\\nWar, dated February 13th, 1844, shows that the Secretary of\\nWar sent a communication to the Governor dated February 8th,\\n1844, requesting the cession recommended by General Totten,", "height": "3745", "width": "2429", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "OF TYBEE ISLAND, GA. 17\\nwhich the Governor promised to lay before the Leg^islature at its\\nnext session. It is not known what further action, if any, was\\ntaken in the matter.\\nThe building of the present Fort Pulaski was commenced in\\n1829 and was completed a few years alter, when it was gar-\\nrisoned by the United States troops, and has been continuously\\noccupied except for a brief period during the late war when held\\nby the Confederates.\\nThe Fort was taken possession of by the Georgia troops, early\\nin 1 861, and so occupied until after the capture of Tybee Island\\nand the advance of the Federal batteries. The bombardment of the\\nFort was commenced on the loth April, 1862. Previous to open-\\ning fire Major General Hunter of the Federal army, dispatched\\nan officer in an open boat, bearing a flag of truce, with a summons\\nto the commanding officer at Fort Pulaski to surrender to this\\nColonel Olmstead commanding the Fort, replied laconically I\\nam here to defend the Fort, not to surrender it.\\nUpon the receipt of this reply by the Federal commander, or-\\nders were issued for the commencement of the bombardment\\nwhich was severe. The i ith April, at noon the fort was found to\\nbe badly damaged, in momentary danger of the magazine being\\nexploded all avenues of escape for the garrison cut off, a sur-\\nrender was determined upon and the Fort capitulated that day.\\nAfter the Federals took possession of the fort, the damages to\\nthe casemates, etc., were at once repaired. The garrison was\\nwithdrawn shordy after the close of hostilities and only a sergeant\\nleft in charge. The fort is in full view of the steamers plying the\\nriver, is an object of interest to all strangers, and the railroad now\\nconstrucdug to Tybee will pass near and in full view of it,\\nabout two thousand feet to the south.\\nAbove Fort Pulaski, on the same shore of the river, only two\\nmiles below the city, is located\\nFORT OGLETHORPE.\\nKnown until quite recenUy as Fort Jackson, previous to\\nthat as Mud Fort. The land was originally conveyed to the\\nUnited States by Nicholas Turnbull, by deed dated May i6th, 1808,", "height": "3809", "width": "2382", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "18 A HISTORICAL SKETCH\\nand is described in said deed as wharf lot known by the number\\n12 situated at New Deptford, formerly known as Five Fathom\\nHole, on the Savannah River east of the city of Savannah.\\nJurisdiction was ceded to the United States by the act of the\\nLegislature of the State of Georgia, making a general cession of\\njurisdiction approved December 22nd, 1808. The earliest draw-\\ning on file is dated 182 1, and shows Fort Jackson of that date to\\nhave been very similar to the present work.\\nGeneral [then Lieutenant] J. K. F. Mansfield with a letter da-\\nted January 24th, 1835, transmitted a drawing showing the con-\\ndition of the work at that time, on which there are memoranda\\nstating that the fort was destroyed by fire about two years previous\\nto that date. The rebuilding was commenced in 1842 from\\nthis it would appear that occupation [except in a general way]\\nhas not been continuous.\\nThese two forts constitute the principal objects of attraction on\\nthe water route between the Island and the city as they will\\nalso by the Railroad route. The quarantine station off the oyster\\nbeds, and the light houses and beacons, form a series\\nof interesting objects that render the trip pleasant and divert-\\ning, while an occasional alligator, detected basking in the sun,\\non the marshes along the shore, serves to stir up a little ex-\\ncitement and lend variety to the occasion.\\nThe trip to Tybeeby steamer, while quite enjoyable, occupied\\ntoo much time and though its attractions as a delightful resort\\nwere recognized and appreciated though every season its visi-\\ntors were numbered by thousands, yet it was conceded that it\\ncould never attain that degree of popularity which it promised,\\nuntil communication was reduced in time to the minimum.\\nCaptain Purse, the owner of the Island, whose manage-\\nment, the first season, after coming into possession of the proper-\\nty, gave it the greatest boom it had ever enjoyed, quickly perceiv-\\ned that the next great necessity for Tybee was a railroad from the\\ncity, by which the distance would be reduced and the time be-\\ntween the two points brought within thirty minutes. He had\\nalready extended the road on the Island a mile, and had introduc-\\ned a locomotive for conveying passengers from steamboat land-\\ning to hotels, for which mules had heretolore done service. The\\nidea of a railroad direct from Savannah to Tybee had been sug-", "height": "3745", "width": "2429", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "OF TYBEK ISLAND, GA.\\n19\\ngested years ago, but it was never seriously entertained, or took\\npositive shape, being regarded as impracticable and too expen-\\nsive. Captain Purse, however had his own conception of the\\nenterprise, and after a careful study of the subject became. firmly\\nconvinced that such a road was not only practicable and feasible,\\nbut of easy construction and not more expensive than the average\\nof roads. To conceive, with him, was to execute, and he im-\\nmediately secured the services of Capt. John Postell a prominent\\nrailroad engineer, had an accurate survey made and a line\\nmapped out. The surveys demonstrated the practicability of\\nthe railroad scheme, and the next move was the procuring of a\\ncharter, and the organization of a company. The presentation\\nof the scheme for the constructing of the road by Captain Purse\\nassisted by Captain Postell, with the result of the experiment,\\nwhich had demonstrated the feasability of the enterprise, at once\\nenlisted the attention of capitalists.\\nSAVANNAH AND TYBEE.\\nThe company was incorporated in November 18S5, under a\\nvery liberal and perpetual charter granted by the Legislature of\\nGeorgia, and contract was made with a prominent northern Rail-\\nroad contractor, Mr. T. B. Inness. to construct the line and com-\\nplete it by April ist, 1887.\\nBREAKING GROUND.\\nOn the 9th of August, 1886, the initial move in the construction\\nof the Savannah and Tybee Railroad was taken in the presence\\nof a large number of prominent citizens, including the stockhold-\\ners of the company, city and county officials, and officers of the\\nother roads centering in the city.\\nThe starting point was selected about three hundred yards\\nsouth east ol the mansion on Deptford plantation, about a mile\\nand a half from the city, one of the most noted rice planta-\\ntions along the coast in the palmy ante bellum days command-\\ning from a high bluff a full view of the river and city.", "height": "3809", "width": "2382", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "20 A HISTORICAL SKETCH\\nJust southeast of this mansion, the point was selected for start-\\ning- the\\nNEW LINE TO THE SEA\\nand the scene presented the 9th day of August, 1886, will\\nbe remembered by all who were present. The President of\\nthe Company, Captain D. G. Purse, who had worked so assid-\\nuously, and overcome so many obstacles in the carrying out of\\nthe scheme which he deemed feasible, was conspicuous in the as-\\nsemblage. It was a great day for him he was at last to see the\\ninitial step taken in the accomplishment of his grand plan for the\\nfullest development of Tybee Island, and the intermediate points\\nalong the river. Divine blessing was asked upon the enterprise\\nby Rev. Dr. Isaac P. Mendy, Rabbi Mickva Israel Congregation,\\nand then Master Thomas Purse, son of the President, stepped\\nforward with his miniature silver spade, dug close to the line and\\nthrew out the first spade full of dirt. Just half a century previous\\nhis grand father, the late Honorable Thomas Purse, had perform-\\ned the identical work in the construction of the now great and\\nmighty Central Railroad of Georgia, in the building of which he\\ntook an active and conspicuous part.\\nActive work was commenced immediately after the break-\\ning of ground under systematic management it has progressed\\nrapidly, and it is probable that before the ist of April, 1887 cars\\nwiir be running on the line.\\nThe road enters the City at its Eastern extremity and will\\narrange street line connections with all parts of the city includ-\\ning hotels and depots, for the rapid reception and delivery of\\npassengers.\\nA BEAUTIFUL ROUTE.\\nThere will be no road in the country more delightful to travel\\nover than the line from the Forest City to the Seashore. It\\nwill be nearly free from dust. For the greater part of the distance,", "height": "3745", "width": "2429", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "OF TYBEE ISLAND. GA. 21\\nthe river is in imtnediate view, and after passing Causton s bluff,\\nthe route is open to the free sweep of the breezes from the ocean\\nfor ten miles.\\nThe country through which the road runs is not only beautiful-\\nly picturesque, but has many points of historic interest.\\nDEPTFORD.\\nThe spacious grounds of Twickenham, Bruton Hill, Deptford,\\nCauston s Bluff and Mackey Point plantations present conspic-\\nuous attractions to the northern tourist especially. This is partic-\\nularly the case with that portion of Deptford traversed by the road,\\nwhich affords lovely spots for picnics and other gatherings.\\nThe numerous, magnificent, stalwart oaks with their mammoth\\nlimbs, beautifully and gracefully draped with the soft moss con-\\nstitute a grove of surpassing loveliness equaling in grandeur\\nthe far famed avenues of Bonaventure.\\nA stroll through one of these groves is a treat that will be\\nkeenly enjoyed and appreciated by every true lover of nature,\\nfor it is here we see the wonderful handiwork of Nature s God.\\nThe topography of the land in proximity to the road is varied,\\nand the pleasure seeker s eye is delighted as the train rushes by\\nover the smooth steel rail, with views of sloping hills, and lovely\\ndells teeming with the luxuriance of forest growth and in summer\\nwaving grain.\\ncauston s bluff\\nIs probably the most conspicuous, and interesting point on the\\nline, and few prettier or more romantic spots can be found any\\nwhere.\\nA LOVELY GROVE.\\nThe grove at this bluff is undoubtedly the grandest and lovel:\\nest to be found any where in this immediate section.", "height": "3809", "width": "2382", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "22 A HISTORICAL SKETCH\\nIt is composed of magnificent live oaks of mammoth propor-\\ntions,whose stalwart limbs are clothed in the Spanish moss, which\\nis so generally admired by all strangers. One could almost imag-\\nine that it had been designed and laid out by a skillful landscape\\ngardener, the arrangement is so artistic.\\nThe grove however is of natural growth, and the beautiful ar-\\nrangement is of nature s cunning hand, save the heavy battle-\\nments in which man has encased it, of which we shall speak\\nfurther on.\\nAN UNFORTUNATE LOVE AFFAIR OF THE OLDEN TIME.\\nIs connected with the history of the blufT, named for John Caus-\\nton, the owner, and contributed in no small degree to the fail-\\nure of the ministry of John Wesley in Georgia.\\nThis love affair was with Sophy WiUiamson, niece of Mr. Caus-\\nten, who was a bailifT, in the progress of which Mr. Wesley mix-\\ned himself up with men who took advantage of his simplicity,\\nwillfully perverted his words and deeds, and thus placed him-\\nat a great disadvantage before the people, causing him to leave\\nthe colony and return to England.\\nIt was at this bluff that immense fortifications were constructed\\nin 1862, by the Confederate forces, with the purpose of prevent-\\ning the advance up the river of the Federal gun boats, thus tak-\\ning the place of Fort Pulaski on the inner line of defense, af-\\nter the surrender of that fort.\\nThese fortifications were constructed under skillful engineers\\nas the bluff was regarded as a very important point commanding\\nthe Savannah river and the approach to the city from Thunder-\\nbolt, as well as by way of the Islands in front of it. These fortifica-\\ntions are about the only ones in the vicinity of the city that re-\\nmain intact, the others having been leveled in the march of\\nprogress, and their once war-like sites are now adorned with\\nbeautiful residences, the peaceful, happy homes of a prosperous\\npeople.\\nIn the latter part of 1862 there was quite a lively little skirmish\\nat this point. As you glide over the rails nearing Causton s bluff,\\ncast your eye to the east and you will notice Whitmarsh Is-", "height": "3745", "width": "2429", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "OF TYBEE ISLAND. GA. 23\\nland, which was covered by the batteries at Causton s bluff, moun-\\nted with three thirty-two pounders and three small batteries.\\nAfter the capture of Fort Pulaski, a detachment of Federal\\nsoldiers in small boats, worked their way through the creeks and\\noutlets to Whitmarsh Island, their gun boats having advanced as\\nfar as Gibson s Point.\\nThe 13th Georgia were at Causton s bluffand early one morn-\\ning, while the detachment on duty, under Captain Richardsone,\\nwere at breakfast, an attempt was made by the Federals on Whit-\\nmarsh Island to surprise them and capture the batteries. Fortu-\\nnately the movement was discovered the Federals with cheers\\nwere dashing over the narrow bridge connecting Oakland and\\nWhitmarsh, and in a few minutes would have been upon the bat-\\nteries Captain Richardsone quickly perceived the danger and\\nrushing with his men to one of the guns, changed its position,\\nand gave the boys in blue a lively welcome with shell, which\\nthey received with heroic fortitude, making a gallant fight for\\nthe position.\\nThey were, however, unable to stand the terrible shelling and\\nfled precipitately, seeking the protection of their gun boats, and\\nleaving in the hands of the victorious Confederates, their gal-\\nlant Lieutenant who had led the splendid sortie.\\nThere were several other skirmishes at and near the bluff, but\\nno serious demonstrations. The spot however possesses features\\nof interest, and the fortifications enclosing the magnificent grove\\nwill especially be viewed with curiosity by strangers.\\nPassing Causton s Bluff, the road makes a graceful detour and\\nat the end of the curve strikes Wilmington River, which is to be\\nspanned by a substantially constructed iron draw-bridge, two hun-\\ndred feet long, having two openings eighty-two feet each. From\\nthis point on the island passengers not only have the invigorating\\ninfluence of the ocean breeze, but an uninterrupted view of the\\nbroad expanse of water nearly to the sea buoy, and can enjoy the\\nsight of splendid steamships and craft of every description, inward\\nand outward bound.\\nThe line running along McQueen s marsh, south of the south\\nchannel of the river, with St. Augustine creek and Tybee Riv-\\ner on the south, commands a full view of VV^arsaw Sound.", "height": "3809", "width": "2382", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "24 A HISTORICAL SKETCH\\nThe scenery between St. Augustine and Larazetto creeks,\\na distance of eight and one third miles, is kaleidoscopic in char-\\nacter, the glistening waters of the Savannah river, St. Augus-\\ntine creek and Tybee river on either side, dotted with white\\nwinged saucy crafts, the stately steamships, the trim barks\\nwhile just beyond to the south the eye is pleased with the sight\\nof fertile islands clothed in beautiful verdure, attractive in\\ntheir lovely woods, and blossoming with the products of their fertile\\nsoil while to the north can plainly be seen Fort Oglethorpe and\\nFort Pulaski.\\nAfter crossing Lazaretto creek, at King s landing the road con-\\ntinues on a circuit in rear of the front hills of the beach and\\nthence around the island, passing through the village of Tybee and\\ndirect to the south end, where a magnificent view presents itself.\\nTHE SOUTH END\\nWhere the railroad has its terminus on the island, is one of the\\nmost charming spots imaginable, and will be the site of the sec-\\nond and large hotel. A number of handsome cottages will be\\nerected at this point in vicinity of the hotel, and there will be fa-\\ncilities provided for those who prefer river bathing to buffeting\\nwith the vigorous surf.\\nA YACHTING COURSE.\\nAt South end there is also a splendid course for a Regatta,\\nand the intention is to have several during the season. There are a\\nnumber of splendid yachts owned in Savannah, and yachting is a\\nfavorite and popular pastime. A Regatta on Tybee inlet would\\nprove a magnificent sight, as from the hotel and cottages a com-\\nplete view can be had of the entire course. Doubtless those of\\nSavannah s northern visitors who have their private yachts will\\nbring their crafts with them, and sojourning at Tybee will have\\nevery opportunity for enjoyment.\\nAt present, the Ocean House capable of accommodating two\\nhundred guests, is the largest hotel on the Island and from its\\nbroad verandas the broad ocean spreads out in illimitable space.", "height": "3745", "width": "2429", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "OF TYBEE ISLAND, GA.\\nANALYSES.\\nBelow we give the several analyses of the water of the artesian\\nwells at Tybee.\\nCKRTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS.\\nNew York, August 11, 18H0.\\nSir:\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The following are the results of my analysis of the sample of water submit-\\nted to me for examination\\nAppearance in two foot tube, Clear, very light Straw Color.\\nOdor, none. Taste, none.\\nGrains in one U. S. Gallon of 2:51 cubic ins.\\nChlorine in Chlorides 0.7231\\nChlorine equi v. to Sodium Chloride 1.192U\\nI hosphates Faint traces\\nN itrites None\\nNitrogen in Nitrates and Nitrites 0.0134\\nFree Ammonia 0.002(1\\nAlbumenoid Ammonia 0.0056\\nHardness equiv. to Carbonate of Lime J Jf f erBoiUng^. .fiTrS\\nSoda 1.34 4\\nPotassa 0.1844\\nime 1.8142\\nMagnesia 1.0322\\nOxide of Iron and Alumina 0.02.3;^.\\nSilica 2.41 02\\nSulphuric Acid (Soz) 0.5t)91\\nEquiv. to Sulphate of Lime 0.%7f\\nOrganic and Volatile Matter 0.5832\\nMineral Matter G.41.52\\nTotal sohds at 110\u00c2\u00b0 c 6.99S4\\nThis water is remarkably free from all evidence of contamination.\\nRespectfully, your obedient servant, C. F. Chandi-kr, Th. I).\\nTo Mr. I). G. PuR^E, President Savannah and Tybee Railway Co., Savannah, Ga.\\nChari.kston, So. C.\\\\., Sept. 8th, 18.S5.\\nMaterial, a sample of Artesian Water received by express from\\nCapt. D. G. Purse, Savannah, Ga.\\nIt contains of solid constituents, held in solution and left as residue on\\nevaporation, 11 -fVff grains to the U. S. gallon.\\nThese consists in parts of Grains to U. S. gallon.\\nMagnesia 1.108\\nLime i-749\\nChlorine 0625\\nSulphuric Acid 0.75S\\nSihca 2682\\nCarbonic Acid 1.170\\nAlkaline Metals (not determined)\\nNitrous and Nitric Acids in undeterminable traces Copper, Lead\\nand Iron none", "height": "3809", "width": "2382", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "A HISTORICAL SKETCH\\nIts hardness is\\nTemporary hardness (i. e. removed on boiling) 5\u00c2\u00b0 (English)\\nPermanent hardness (i. e. remaining after boiling) 2\\nTotal hardness 7^0\\nWhich represents 6^4. grains to the English gallon of lime and magne-\\nsia salts or 5 grains to the U. S. gallon.\\nAnalyzed by Wancklyn s method it contains of\\nFree Amonia xf ^ths of one part in one million parts\\nAlbuminoid Ammonia yf oths J jWhs. Total Ammonia.\\nAnalyzed by Frankland s method, it contains of\\nOrganic Carbon jVoths of one part in one milHon parts\\nOrganic Nitrogen -^^^ths j yVoths sum of organic carbon and nitrogen.\\nThis should be regarded as a perfectly good and potable water any-\\nwhere it is certainly the best artesian water that I have obtained from\\nthis section and I have examined a large number. The content of chlo-\\nrides and of total solids left on evaporation, is small. The hardness is\\nnot sufficient to be objectionable. And it is remarkably pure as regards\\nits content of organic matter.\\nVery respectly submitted,\\nCharles U. Shepard, Jr.\\nBaltimore, Sept. 21, 85.\\nResult of analysis of a sample of Artesian Well Water presented me\\nby Capt. D. G. Purse, Savannah, Ga. Marked: From Tybee.\\nAppearance: Perfectly clear, colorless and odorless.\\nFree Ammonia Milligramme per Litre 0.02\\nAlbuminoid Ammonia 0.04\\nSolids, Grains per Imperial Gallon 1 1-7536\\na. f. Cloride Sodium 1.6880\\nSulphate 1.6000\\nMagnesium 0.0522\\nCalcium 0.8100\\nPhosphate Calcium Traces\\nCarbonate Calcium 3.1232\\nSodium 1.2220\\nSilica 2.0350\\nFeccic oxide 0.0230\\nVolatile Solids 1.2002\\nThe small amount of Chlorine, Free and Albuminoid Ammonia en-\\ntitles the water according to Wanklyn to be classed fully as Pure\\nand I do not hestate to pronounce it a perfectly good wholesome drink-\\ning water. Respectfully,\\nG. E. Leibig.", "height": "3745", "width": "2429", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "OF TYBEE ISLAND, GA. 27\\nAthens, CzA., June 6tli, 1S85.\\nCapL D. G. Purse, Savannah, Ca.:\\nDear Sir:\u00e2\u0080\u0094 I have examined a sample of water from your Artesian\\nWell on Tybee Island and obtained the following result:\\nSolid Matters Dissolved. Grains per U. S. C^alion.\\nCarbonate of soda 6. 132.S\\nChloride of sodium 1.4411\\nSulphate of soda 2.126\\nSulphate of lime 0.7542\\nSulphate of magnesia 0.0563\\nCarbonate of iron 0.01S2\\nSilicate of soda 0.1232\\nSilica 0.0655\\nOrganic matter and combined water 0.1022\\nTotal solids dissolved 10.8198\\nNitrates, free and albumenoid Ammonia practically none.\\nH. C. VVhitk.\\nAccompanying this analysis is the following letter from Prof. White,\\nwhich will be read with interest\\nUniversity of Georgia, Che.viical LARRATf)Rv,\\nAthens, Ga., June 6th, 1885.\\nCapt. D. G. Purse, Savan?iah, Ga.:\\nMy Dear Sir I enclose results of analysis of the Tybee artesian wa-\\nter. You will observe that it closely resembles, in the character and\\nrelative proportions of dissolved matters, the water from your artesian\\nwell in Savannah, but differs from this in the total contents of solid mat-\\nter. The Tybee water is consequently of rather better quality. This is\\ntrue artesian water of the very best quality. It is totally free of injuri-\\nous matters, mineral or organic and is all that can be desired as an ex-\\ncellent drinking water. I have no hesitation in asserting my belief that\\nyou have secured an unfailing supply of excellent, healthful water.\\nI cannot tell you how greatly pleased 1 am at your success it ought\\nto revolutionize the sea coast country.\\nWith kindest regards. Sincerely yours,\\nH. C. White.", "height": "3809", "width": "2382", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "28 A HISTORICAL SKETCH\\nA MINIATURE GUIDE FOR THE CITY.\\nAs of interest in this connection to travelers and visitors, a min-\\niature guide is presented herewith giving the location and char-\\nacter of the various public buildings, the hotels, the steamship\\nwharves and railroad depots.\\nHOTELS.\\nScreven House, corner Bull and Congress Streets.\\nPulaski House, corner Bryan and Bull Streets.\\nMarshall House, Broughton Street.\\nHarnett House, corner Bryan and Barnard Streets.\\nPavilion Hotel, South Broad and Bull Streets.\\nCommercial House, Bryan Street, opposite the Market.\\nPUBLIC BUILDINGS.\\nCity Exchange, Bay Street, head of Bull.\\nCotton Exchange, Bay Street, head of Drayton.\\nCustom House, Bay Street, corner of Bull.\\nPost Office, Bay Street, corner of Drayton.\\nCourt House, Bull Street, corner ol President and York.\\nPolice Barracks, South Broad and Habersham Streets.\\nTheatre on Chippewa Square, Bull Street.\\nTelfair Academy, Telfair Place, Barnard Street.\\nGeorgia Historal Society, Gaston and Whitaker Streets.\\nTelfair Hospital for Females, New Houston and Drayton\\nStreets.\\nSavannah Hospital, Huntingdon Street.\\nSt. Joseph Infirmary, corner Taylor and Habersham Streets.\\nMasonic Temple, Liberty and Whittaker Streets.\\nOdd Fellows Hall, Barnard and State Street.\\nChatham Academy, South Broad and Drayton Street.\\nMarket Building, foot of Barnard Street.\\nOglethorpe Club Rooms, Bull and Broughton Streets.", "height": "3745", "width": "2429", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "OF TYBEE ISLAND, GA. 29\\nPRINCITAL CHURCHES.\\nIndependent Presbyterian Church. South Broad Street.\\nFirst Presbyterian Church, Monterey Square.\\nChrist Church, Bull and Congress Streets.\\nBaptist Church, Chippewa Square.\\nSaint John s Church, Bull and Charlton Streets.\\nLutheran Church, Bull and State Street.\\nJewish Synagogue Mickva Israel, Bull and Gordon Street.\\nTrinity Methodist, Barnard and York Street.\\nWesley Church, Abercorn and Drayton Streets.\\nCathedral, Abercorn and Harris Street.\\nSt. Patrick s, West Broad and Liberty, Street.\\nMONUMENTS.\\nIn Johnson Square, opposite Pulaski and Screven Houses, is a\\nmonument to General Nathaniel Green of Revolutionary fame.\\nIn Wright Square, a monument to W. W. Gordon, first Presi-\\ndent of the Central Railroad.\\nIn Monterey Square, monument to Count Pulaski, who was\\nkilled at the seige of Savannah, 1779.\\nIn the Park extension, monument to the Confederate dead.\\nIn Madison Square, corner stone of monument, to Sergeant\\nJasper, laid in 1879. The design has been selected and the shaft\\nwill be erected about 22nd February, 1887.\\nOTHER POINTS OF INTEREST.\\nImmediately contiguous to Savannah, and within easy reach\\nby rail and shell road are Isle of Hope, Montgomery, Beaulieu,\\nWhite Bluff, and Thunderbolt. Each possesses peculiar attraccions\\nand until the development of Tybee, were the favorite resorts of\\nSavannah. Near Thunderbolt, and of access by street car line,\\nand fine shell road, is the Club House and grounds of the Sav-\\nannah Yacht Club. At this point is also a fine trotting Park, with\\na half mile track.", "height": "3809", "width": "2382", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "30 A HISTORICAL SKETCH\\nSAVANNAH.\\nThe City is beautifully laid out and is one of the, handsomest\\ncities in America.\\nIt abounds in numerous pretty parks, and possesses what no\\nother city in the Union has, a magnificent park of thirty acres,\\nalmost now in the center of the city, with lovely walks, beautiful\\nshrubbery and an immense fountain, a fac-simile of the celebrated\\nfountain on the boulevard in Paris and which is the admiration of\\nall strangers.\\nThis sketch is especially intended as descriptive of Tybee, its\\nresources, attractions and advantages as a resort both in summer\\nand winter and its contemplated railroad connection with the Forest\\nCity and the above epitome of the principal objects and points of\\ninterest to strangers is merely given as an appropriate supplement\\nto this narrative.\\nIn conclusion, the author would say to those who seek the\\nSunny South, for recreation and pleasure, health and knowledge\\ntheir pilgrimage will be incomplete without visiting Tybee the\\nbeautiful Isle, whose shores are washed by the mighty ocean on\\none side, and the placid waters of the Savannah and its tributaries\\non the other.\\nFINIS.", "height": "3745", "width": "2429", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3809", "width": "2382", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3775", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3809", "width": "2382", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3775", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3809", "width": "2382", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "\\\\J:1T\\nLIBRARY OF CONGRESS\\n014 498 328 2\\n1% ^^^P^^^^^^H^^^^^^V^\\nEflQ\\n^^^EJ^^E* ^^BH\\njoj\\nHI\\n\\\\4.J", "height": "3801", "width": "2361", "jp2-path": "historyoftybeeis00rich_0040.jp2"}}