{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3474", "width": "1926", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3474", "width": "1926", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3474", "width": "1926", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "T Sinclair s litK. IW5\\nJOHN MARTIN BOLZiUS\\nFIRST EVANGELICAL PREACHER F TH E SA L 2 B U R 6 CONGREGATION\\nAT EBENEZER IN GEORGIA.\\nBORN A D- DEC. 15, 1703. ORDAINED Nov. 11. |-33", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "THE\\nSALZBURGERS\\nAND\\nCljw Jtsanbants\\nBEING THE HISTORY OF\\nA COLONY OF GERMAN (LUTHERAN) PROTESTANTS, WHO\\nEMIGRATED TO GEORGIA IN 1734, AND SETTLED AT\\nEBENEZER, TWENTY-FIVE MILES ABOVE\\nTHE CITY OF SAVANNAH.\\nBY\\nRev. p. a. STROBEL,\\nOF THE SOOTH CAROLINA SYNOD, AND PRINCIPAL OF THE FEMALE INSTITUTE,\\nAMERICUS, GEORGIA.\\nAlii multa perficiunt; nos nonnulla conamur; Illi possunt; nos\\nTolumus.\\nOthers accomplish many things we endeayour to eflFect something;\\nthey have the power, we have the will.\\nBALTIMORE:\\nPUBLISHED BY T. NEWTON KURTZ,\\nNo. 151 WEST PRATT STREET.\\n1855.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0009.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1855, by\\nP. A. STROBEL,\\nin the Clerk s Office of the District Court of the United States for the\\nDistrict of Georgia.\\nSTERBOTTPED BY L. JOHNSOX CO.\\nPHILADELPHIA.\\nV", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0010.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "ehtation,\\nTo my brethren in the Lutheran ministry, this\\nvolume is most aflfectionately and respectfully in-\\nscribed; with the fervent prayer, that by carefully\\nstudying the history of the Salzburgers, and especially\\nthe unfeigned devotion and ardent zeal of the first\\npreachers of the American Lutheran Church, we may\\nall be stimulated to aim at a more elevated standard\\nof piety, and consecrate ourselves afresh to His service,\\nwho hath redeemed us with his blood, and honoured\\nus by appointing us his ambassadors, to reconcile the\\nworld unto himself.\\nThe Author.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0011.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0012.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "frefatt.\\nThis little volume is submitted to the public with\\nan unfeigned diffidence, and with many apprehensions\\nthat it may not meet the expectations, even of those\\nwho have most warmly urged its publication. The\\nmeans of information which the author possessed,\\nwere too limited, to justify the belief that the\\nbook could possibly be regarded as a complete and\\nsatisfactory history of the Salzburgers. It is, how-\\never, to be hoped, that notwithstanding its many de-\\nfects, a sufficient number of interesting facts have\\nbeen presented, to render the work acceptable to those\\nwho read for instruction, and not to indulge a spirit\\nof captious criticism. The author is sensible of his\\nincompetency to do justice to the subject, and he\\nwould cheerfully have committed the undertaking to\\nabler hands. If he shall accomplish no more than\\nto rescue the Salzburgers from the obscurity into which\\nthey have been permitted to lapse, he will not have\\nlaboured in vain. The hope is cherished that, under\\nthe blessing of God, this work may be the means of\\nkindling in the heart of every one who may peruse it,\\na sincere desire to emulate the lofty piety and Chris-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0013.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "6 PREFACE.\\ntian heroism of those, who in the maintenance of their\\nreligious principles cheerfully suffered ^Hhe loss of\\nall things, and have furnished an example of patient\\nendurance, under every form of persecution, and of\\nardent zeal in the cause of Christ, which furnishes\\none of the brightest pages in the history of the\\nchurch since the days of the apostles.\\nP. A. Strobel.\\nAmericus, Georgia, March, 1865.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0014.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "|[t0ntmntkti0n torn i\\\\t Sp^b d Bmt\\\\\\nCarolina.\\nThe Committee appointed by Synod to examine\\nthe manuscript History of tlie Salzburgers and their\\nDescendants at Ebenezer/ by the Kev. P. A. Strobel,\\nbeg leave to submit the following report\\nThey have carefully examined the manuscript, and\\ncheerfully express their gratification at the judicious\\nselection of the materials from various sources diffi-\\ncult of attainment, by which a historical sketch has\\nbeen given of the cruel persecutions, the Christian\\nfirmness, and devoted piety of the ancient Salzburgers.\\nIn recommending the work to the patronage of\\nthe Christian public, and especially the members of\\nour own communion, they feel assured that the readers\\nwill be amply rewarded in the elevated standard of\\nChristianity which this volume holds out for their\\nimitation.\\nJohn Bachman, D.D.\\nL. ElCHELBERGER, D.D.\\nA. J. Karn.\\nNovember 13, 1854.\\n7", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0015.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0016.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "QnttniB\\nCHAPTER I.\\nThe causes which led to the Colonization of America\\nFrench Colony in Florida Colony of Massachusetts Bay\\nThe Puritans Intolerance of the Church of England\\nThe SalzburgerS Contrast between them and the Puri-\\ntans Injustice done to the former The Origin of the\\nSalzburgers Their persecutions by the dukes of Savoy\\nThey embrace the Doctrines of the Reformation Cruelty\\ntoward their pastor The Valleys of TeflFereck Their Re-\\ntreats discovered Miximilian Gudolph Salzburgers be-\\nfore the Bishop s Court at Hallein Renewed persecutions\\nSympathy of Protestant States Elector of Branden-\\nburg Corpus Evangelicum Return of the TefFereckers\\nDuplicity and Treachery of the Catholic Authorities\\nPenalties imposed on the Salzburgers Banishment and\\nConfiscation of their Estates Severe Sufferings of the\\nExiles Joseph Schaitberger Remarkable conversion of\\nhis daughter Schaitberger as an author The Confession\\nof Faith The Salzburg Emigrant s Song Persecutions\\nunder Leopold Archbishopric of Salzburg The City of\\nSalzburg Thirty thousand Protestants exiled Their re-\\nception by Protestant States Page 19\\nCHAPTER II.\\nCharter granted by Charles II. to the Trustees for establish-\\ning the Colony of Georgia The design of the colony\\nGeneral Oglethorpe English settlers arrive at Savannah\\n9", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0017.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "10 CONTENTS.\\nSociety for the Propagation of Christian Knowledge\\nInterest on behalf of the Salzburgers Arrangements to\\nremove the Sakburgers to Georgia Fifty families engaged\\nfor the first transportation Provision made by the So-\\nciety Liberality of the Trustees First company of\\nemigrants Love of country Departure from their homes\\nIncidents of their journey The city of Augsburg Hos-\\npitalities extended to the Salzburgers Recommence their\\ntravels Rev. S. Urlsperger Effects of the sojourn of the\\nSalzburgers at Augsburg Revival of religion Further\\nIncidents Arrival in the city of Frankfort Conduct of\\nthe Burgers Procession Entrance into the city Hospi-\\ntality of the inhabitants Departure from Frankfort The\\nMaine and Rhine Arrival at Rotterdam Rev. Messrs.\\nBolzius and Gronau Departure from Rotterdam Arrival\\nat Dover, in England Impressions made by the emigrant?\\non their English benefactors Preparations for leaving\\nEngland Departure of the Purisburg, first ship with Ger-\\nman emigrants Page 44\\nCHAPTER IIL\\nThe Salzburgers at sea Conduct during the voyage Arrival\\nat Charleston, S. C. General Oglethorpe Departure from\\nCharleston Arrival at Savannah Sentiments of the emi-\\ngrants Their reception at Savannah Notes of Mr. Bol-\\nzius Baron Von Reck Conduct of the Indians Disem-\\nbarkation of the Salzburgers Liberality of General Ogle-\\nthorpe Expedition into the country Description of the\\ncountry Devout conduct of the Salzburgers Ebenezer\\nFoundation of the colony Location of their settlement\\nUchee Indians St. Matthew s Parish Lord EflSngham\\nTown laid out Salzburgers remove to their new home\\nImpressions in relation to the nature of the country Baron\\nVon Reek s enthusiastic description Real character of the\\ncountry Assignment of lots Hardships incident to colo-\\nnization Scarcity of mechanics and materials for build-\\ning\u00e2\u0080\u0094Other trials\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Sickness and death among the colonists", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0018.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS. 11\\nExtracts from Mr. Bolzius s journal Influence of aflBic-\\ntion Arrival of a second company of Salzburgers Im-\\nprovement in the condition of the colony Progress of the\\ntown, c J age 57\\nCHAPTER IV.\\nGeneral Oglethorpe visits England Favourable condition of\\nthe colony Trustees determine to send out reinforcements\\nAid from British Parliament Character of the colonists\\nengaged Highlanders and Salzburgers Liberal terms\\nproposed by the Trustees Captain Hermsdorff and Baron\\nVon Reck\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Trustees charter the London Merchant\\nand the Symond The great embarkation English\\nand German emigrants Moravians under Bishop Nitsch-\\nman John and Charles Wesley Departure from England\\nStorm at sea Effect of the conduct of the Germans upon\\nMr. Wesley Testimony of Dr. Jackson, President of\\nBritish Conference Mr. Wesley s spiritual condition Con-\\nference with Mr. Spangenburg Influence of the Mora-\\nvians Rev. Peter Boehler Salzburgers confounded with\\nthe Moravians Mistake of Mr. Bancroft Removal of\\nMoravians to Pennsylvania Mr. Wesley s religious expe-\\nrience Extract from his journal Subsequent visit to\\nEngland His conversion Luther s preface to the Epistle\\nto the Romans Mr. Wesley s preaching after his conver-\\nsion Forms Societies, the basis of Wesleyan Method-\\nism The Methodist Church a fruit of the Lutheran Re-\\nformation Arrival of the embarkation at Savannah\\nSettlement of Salzburgers on St. Simon s Island Views of\\nthe Germans in relation to war Reinforcement at Eben-\\nezer Lutheran settlement at Frederica Rev. U. Dreisler\\nRevs. Bolzius and Gronau visit Savannah Conference\\nwith General Oglethorpe Salzburgers dissatisfied with\\ntheir location, and desire a change General Oglethorpe\\nvisits Ebenezer Reasons of the Salzburgers for desiring\\nto remove General Oglethorpe s advice and kindness to\\nthe Salzburgers\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Change of location determined upon 73", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0019.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "12 CONTENTS.\\nCHAPTER V.\\nNew Ebenezer Its location, and the plan upon which is was\\nlaid out The environs of the town Its rapid growth\\nMunicipal and other regulations Rules originally adopted\\nfor the government of the congregation The duties of\\npastors set forth Elders and wardens Parochial schools\\nChurch members, fec. Dr. H. M. Muhlenberg Salaries\\nof the pastors Their responsibilities Relation to the\\nchurch in Germany Sale of rum prohibited, and the in-\\ntroduction of Negro slaves EfiFects of these regulations\\non the colony at Ebenezer Mr. Bolzius, Rev. George\\nWhitfield, and Baron Vou Reck on slavery Position of\\nMr. Bolzius Views of Hon. James Habersham and Rev.\\nS. Urlsperger Controversy settled, and slavery allowed\\nThe Salzburgers and the Lutheran Church in Germany\\nLiberality of the latter Education Bethany church\\nFavourable condition of the settlement Religious cha-\\nracter of the inhabitants Their industry, frugality, c.\\nLetter of Mr. Bolzius Rev, George Whitfield at Ebenezer\\nHis testimony in favour of the Salzburgers He visits\\nthe Orphan House Letter of Thomas Jones Principal\\nsettlers at Ebenezer up to 1741 The invasion of Georgia\\nby Spaniards Another letter of Mr. Bolzius Extracts\\nfrom his journal Statement of Mr. Benjamin Martyn\\nNew arrivals Emigrants bind themselves as servants\\nFrederick Helfenstein Lutheran church in Savannah\\nfounded Rev. U. Driesler His death Rev. Mr. Zublii\\nThe town of Frederica Dr. H. M. Muhlenberg visits\\nEbenezer Mr. Gronau Jerusalem church at Ebenezer\\nZion s church Extracts from Mr. Bolzius s journal\\nDeath of Mr. Gronau Page 90\\nCHAPTER VL\\nState of feeling at Ebenezer consequent on the death of Mr.\\nGronau Mr. Bolzius writes to Germany for an assistant", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0020.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS. 13\\nHis humility and devotion The church in Germany send\\nover another pastor Rev. 11, II. Lembke arrives at Eben-\\nezer His reception Marries the widow of Mr. Gronau\\nMr. Bolzius retains his position Mr. Bolzius, as trustee,\\nerects mills Silk cultux-e introduced at Ebenezer Mr.\\nAmatis of Piedmont Mulberry-trees planted at Ebenezer\\nSuccess of the Salzburgers in raising silk Bridge and\\ncauseway over Ebenezer Creek New church and school-\\nhouse erected Pastoral labours Extent of the field to be\\ncultivated Goshen church Abercorn Extension of the\\nsettlements around Ebenezer Demand for more ministe-\\nrial labour Rev. C. Rabenhorst arrives at Ebenezer Mr.\\nBohius s letter on his arrival Change of views Pro-\\nvision for the support of the new pastor Condition of the\\ncolony Mr. Bolzius assigns his trusteeship to Mr. Lembke\\nCopy of the deed of trust The Trust to be transfer-\\nred Subsequent change Erection of another mill Mr.\\nBolzius begins to decline in health The sj mbolical books\\nProper views in relation to the Fathers Confessions\\nand catechisms Deep-toned piety of the first pastors at\\nEbenezer Mr. Bolzius s labours His letters Rev. S.\\nUrlsperger and Dr. Zeigenhagen Close of his ministerial\\nduties His illness and death Mr. Bolzius s family... Par/e 125\\nCHAPTER VII.\\nState of affairs at Ebenezer consequent upon the death of\\nMr. Bolzius Increase of population and of ministerial\\nlabour Transfer of trust to Mr. Rabenhorst Harmony\\nbetween the two pastors Jerusalem church built at Eben-\\nezer Description of the edifice The Swan, Luther s coat\\nof arms Death of Mr. Lembke His character as a\\npreacher Gottlieb Snider Rev. C. F. Triebner sent over\\nas successor to Mr. Lembke His character Marries a\\ndaughter of Mr. Lembke Injudicious selection Division\\nin the church Controversy between Messrs. Rabenhorst\\nand Triebner Dr. H. M. Muhlenberg arrives at Ebenezer\\nObject of his mission His prudent and judicious con-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0021.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "14 CONTENTS.\\nduct The grounds of dispute stated Elders prefer charges\\nagainst Mr. Triebner Origin of the difficulty Dr. Muh-\\nlenberg s efforts to reconcile the parties^His views of the\\ncase Opinion of Mr. Triebner Plan of settlement pro-\\nposed Reconciliation Dr. Muhlenberg s reflections His\\nopinion of Mr. Rabenhorst Exculpates him from all cen-\\nsure His estimation of Mr. Rabenhorst as a man and as\\na preacher Dr. Muhlenberg s labours among the Salzbur-\\ngers Saves the church property from alienation Page 148\\nCHAPTER VIII.\\nDr. Muhlenberg still at Ebenezer Church discipline Views\\nand practices of the founders of American Lutheran Church\\nEvils arising from want of discipline False views on\\nthe subject The discipline adopted at Ebenezer in 1774,\\nand duties of pastors, officers, and church members de-\\nfined List of church members who signed the discipline,\\nas certified by Dr. Muhlenberg Settlements at Abercorn\\nand Goshen Mr. Knox buys the lands at Abercorn Mo-\\nravian missionaries brought over to preach to the Negroes\\nLabours of the Moravians at Goshen Fears of Dr. Muh-\\nlenberg Moravians not successful Advice to them by\\none of the Salzburgers Fears of Dr. Muhlenberg not\\nrealized Moravians leave the settlement Dr. Muhlen-\\nberg s successful labours at Ebenezer He leaves Georgia\\nfor Philadelphia Condition of the congregation at Phila-\\ndelphia Reflections 164\\nCHAPTER IX.\\nAffairs at Ebenezer after Dr. Muhlenburg s departure Ra-\\nbenhorst and Triebner Pastors cease to be Trustees, and\\nthe trust transferred to the church officers Mr. Raben-\\nhorst created first pastor State of feeling between the\\ntwo pastors Inventory of church property Its estimated\\nvalue Church funds Views of the propriety of creating\\nthem A case of necessity with the Salzburgers General", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0022.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS. 15\\nstate of the colony Prosperity of Ebenezer A fancy\\nsketch Commercial relations of Ebenezer Gradual exten-\\nsion of the settlements New settlers come in Commence-\\nment of the Revolution Stamp Act and tax on tea State\\nof the public mind in the Province of Georgia Position\\nof the Salzburgers Provincial Congress in Savannah\\nSalzburgers in that Congress Majority of them side with\\nthe Colonists Protest of a portion of the Salzburgers\\nAdherents to the Crown in St. Matthew s Parish Patriotic\\nand noble sentiments of the Salzburgers Mr. Triebner\\nsides with the Crown Judicious course of Mr. Rabenhorst\\nHis long and successful labours, and death Page 188\\nCHAPTER X.\\nDescent of the British upon Georgia General Provost takes\\nSavannah British posts along the river Mr. Triebner\\ntakes the oath of allegiance to the crown, and conducts\\ntroops to Ebenezer A garrison established under Major\\nMaitland Proclamation issued by Major Maitland Some\\nof the Salzburgers take protections Majority of the\\nSalzburgers Whigs Governor Treutlen Holsendorf John\\nand Samuel Stirk John Schnider Strohaker Jonathan\\nand Gottlieb Schnider Jonathan Rahn Ernest Zittrauer\\nJoshua and Jacob Helfenstein Sufferings of the Salzbur-\\ngers during the war Tories Eichel and Martin Dasher\\nMarauding parties Frederick Helfenstein and his two\\nsons General Wayne The Salzburgers forced to abandon\\ntheir homes Sufferings at Ebenezer Prisoners Sergeants\\nJasper and Newton Sacrilegious act of the British toward\\nthe church at Ebenezer Other acts of cruelty Mistaken\\npolicy of the British Sad influence of the licentiousness\\nof the British troops upon the morals of Ebenezer Pastor\\nTriebner His removal to England and death General\\ncharacter of the pastors at Ebenezer Triebner an excep-\\ntion Dispensations of Providence General Wayne at-\\ntempts the reduction of Savannah British troops with-\\ndrawn from Ebenezer General Wayuo makes his head-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0023.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "16 CONTENTS.\\nquarters there British evacuate Savannah Salzburgera\\nreturn to Ebenezer Scene of desolation Condition of\\nthe church Congregation without a pastor Petition sent\\nto Germany Dr. Muhlenburg s concern for the Salzbur-\\ngers A minister visits Ebenezer Dr. Muhlenburg s let-\\nter Vindication of Mr. Triebner Pastor to be sent in the\\nspring Despondency among the Salzburgers Darkness\\nbegins to disappear New pastor about to be sent Page 201\\nCHAPTER XL\\nThe arrival of a pastor anticipated Solicitude on the subject\\nThe Rev. John Earnest Bergman arrives at Ebenezer\\nHis early history His qualifications for the ministry-\\nState of affairs at Ebenezer and Savannah Mr. Bergman s\\ndefects Parochial schools Mr. Bernhardt Mr. Probst\\nMr. Ernst Increase of pastoral labours Church in Savan-\\nnah Letter from Mr, Scheuber Correct views of the sa-\\ncraments Usages of the Lutheran Church Mr. Bergman s\\nmarriage His family Mr. Bergman as a scholar His\\ncorrespondence Parsonage at Ebenezer Bishop Francis\\nAsbury His letter to Mr. Bergman Improvement in tem-\\nporal affairs Bad habits among the Salzburgers Want\\nof church discipline Disaffection toward the church\\nMembers withdraw Ebenezer Bridge Ebenezer becomes\\nthe county site Effects of this measure County site\\nchanged to Springfield The mills Demand for English\\npreaching Letter from Bishop Asbury Mistaken policy\\nMethodists in Savannah Obligations of the Methodists to\\nthe Lutheran Church Rev. Hope Hull Jonathan Jack-\\nson Josiah Randle John Garvin Rev. S. Dunwoody\\nFirst Methodist Society in Savannah Mr. Bergman relin-\\nquishes the church in Savannah Letter to Rev. H. Hol-\\ncombe Savannah church without a pastor Rev. S. A.\\nMealy Salzburgers in other churches Jesse Lee visits\\nEbenezer Mr. Bergman curtails his labours Bethel\\nchurch erected Personal difficulty Letter of Rev. J.\\nMcVean Efforts to proselyte Lax state of morals", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0024.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS. 17\\nWant of discipline\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Mr. Bergman s grief at the condition\\nof the colony External prosperity Spiritual declension\\nDeath of Mrs. Neidlinger-\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Mr. Bergman s health declines\\nHis death Page 218\\nCHAPTER XII.\\nGloomy prospects at Ebenezer\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Rev. C. F. Bergman Hia\\nearly religious sentiments\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Calvinistic tendency Attends\\nthe Georgia Presbytery Letter to Rev. M. Rauch\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Con-\\nflicting views\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Becomes a member of Presbytery Re-\\nceives a call to St. Matthew s Lutheran Church Dr. J.\\nBachman visits Savannah and Ebenezer Interview and\\ncorrespondence with Mr. Bergman Mr. Bergman changes\\nhis views, joins South Carolina Synod, and becomes pastor\\nat Ebenezer His piety and qualification for the work\\nState of the congregation Methodist and Baptist churches\\norganized Methodist church at Goshen Rev. J. 0. An-\\ndrew\u00e2\u0080\u0094Delusion\u00e2\u0080\u0094A false Messiah Strange scene at\\nGoshen Sad results Rev. L. Myers locates at Goshen\\nHis character, labours, and death Temperance movement\\nat Ebenezer Mr. Bergman introduces English preaching\\nHis marriage His children\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Temporal and spiritual pros-\\nperity Emigration of Salzburgers to other counties\\nChurch in Savannah Rev. S. A. Mealy Rev. N. Aldrich\\nNew church in Savannah Rev. A. J. Karn German con-\\ngregation Rev. W. Epping\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Disafiection at Ebenezer\\nOther churches built up by Salzburgers Mr. Bergman as\\na scholar Trials Indifference to education Mr. Berg-\\nman s sickness and death Rev. J. D. Schenck Rev. E.\\nA. Bolles DiflSculties at Ebenezer Rev. P. A. Strobel\\nDeath of Mrs. Bergman- Rev. E. Kieffer\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Rev. G. Halti-\\nwanger Rev. J. Austin Present condition of the church\\nFather Snider. 249\\nCHAPTER XIIL\\nThe town of Ebenezer Its present appearance The results\\nof this experiment at colonization The colonies in New\\n2\u00c2\u00ab", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0025.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "18 CO^ TEXTS.\\nEngland, Virginia, and the Carolinas^Ptoyal Historical\\nSociety of Austria Inquiries as to the fate of the Salzbur-\\ngers answered Religious and social influence of the Salz-\\nburgers upon the other colonists Religions sentiments of\\nthe first pastors\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Dr. Hazelius s testimony\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Present condi-\\ntion and pursuits of their descendants EflSngham county\\nGeneral reflections\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Conclusion Page 278", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0026.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "THE\\nal^krgers aiiir i\\\\m gesmtknts.\\nCHAPTER I.\\nThe causes which led to the Colonization of America French\\nColony in Florida Colony of Massachusetts Bay The Puri-\\ntans Intolerance of the Church of England The Salzburgers\\nContrast between them and the Puritans Injustice done to\\nthe former The Origin of the Salzburgers Their Persecutions\\nby the Dukes of Savoy They embrace the Doctrines of the\\nReformation Cruelty toward their Pastors The Valleys of\\nTeflFereck Their Retreats discovered Miximilian Gudolph\\nSalzburgers before the Bishop s Court at Hallein Renewed\\nPersecutions Sympathy of Protestant States Elector of Bran-\\ndenburg Corpus Evangelicum Return of the Teflfereckers\\nDuplicity and Treachery of the Catholic Authorities Penalties\\nimposed on the Salzburgers Banishment and Confiscation of\\ntheir Estates Severe Sufferings of the Exiles Joseph Schait-\\nberger Remarkable Conversion of his Daughter Schaitberger\\nas an Author The Confession of Faith The Salzburg Emi-\\ngrant s Song Persecution under Leopold Archbishopric of\\nSalzburg The City of Salzburg Thirty Thousand Protestants\\nExiled Their Reception by Protestant States.\\nThe colonial history of our country derives\\nmuch of its interest from the fact, that many of\\nthe early settlers were those who had been ex-\\npatriated for conscience sake and were brought\\n19", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0027.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "20 THE SALZBURGERS\\nhither by their high veneration for the gospel.\\nForsaking their country and their homes sever-\\ning all those ties which bind man so strongly to\\nthe place of his nativity abandoning the com-\\nforts and endearments of civilized life, they came\\nto the wilderness of America, that they might\\nenjoy without restraint that great birthright of\\nthe immortal mind freedom to worship God\\nat a faith s pure shrine.\\nFrom the middle of the sixteenth to the latter\\npart of the eighteenth century, companies of\\nemigrants reached our shores from Great Britain\\nand different parts of continental Europe, who\\nwere driven hither by the relentless persecutions\\nof their religious adversaries. It is well known\\nthat those who came from England were out-\\nlawed by the bigotry and intolerance of the\\nEstablished Church. By the act of Uniformity,\\npassed in the reign of Edward VI., the Church\\nof England attempted to conform the opinions\\nof all British subjects, as well as their modes of\\nworship, to her Canons and Liturgy. As might\\nhave been expected, these efforts to enslave the\\nhuman mind and shackle the conscience were\\nboldly resisted, and hundreds and thousands\\npreferred imprisonment, exile, and even death,\\nrather than endanger their spiritual interests by\\nembracing error, or submitting their wills to\\nthe commandments and ordinances of men.\\nThose who came from the continent of Europe,", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0028.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 21\\nwere Protestants, who had embraced the doc-\\ntrines of the Reformation, as taught bj Luther\\nor Calvin, as distinguished from the doctrines\\nof the Church of Rome, and who were conse-\\nquently driven into exile, by the prescriptive\\nand relentless spirit, which has always charac-\\nterized that church.\\nAs early as the year 1564, a colony of Hu-\\nguenots, or French Protestants, was planted in\\nFlorida by John Ribault, under the patronage\\nof the noble and philanthropic Admiral Coligny.\\nThe cruel sufferings endured by these devoted\\nChristians during the reign of the imbecile\\nCharles IX. and his perfidious mother, Cathe-\\nrine de Medicis, compelled them to forsake the\\nvine-clad hills and the beautiful vales of France,\\nto seek in the wilderness of the West, a retreat\\nfrom the sword and fagot of the persecutor. Of\\nthe unhappy fate of this colony it is not neces-\\nsary to speak, further than to remark, that it\\nwas entirely destroyed in 1565 by Pedro Me-\\nlendez, the inhuman agent of the bigoted\\nPhilip II. of Spain, who murdered all the colo-\\nnists, and completely devastated their settlement.\\nOn the 22d of December, 1620, the colony\\nof Massachusetts was commenced by the land-\\ning of the Pilgrim Fathers at Plymouth Rock.\\nThese venerable men, as is well known, were\\nfrom England, where, by their rigid virtues and\\ntheir resistance to the spiritual domination of", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0029.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "22 THE SALZBURGERS\\nthe Established Church, they had acquired the\\nname of Puritans, then a term of reproach, but\\nnow synonymous with unostentatious piety, ster-\\nling integrity, and uncompromising opposition\\nto every species of despotism and which shall\\nbe forever identified with the great principles\\nof civil and religious freedom. By asserting\\nthe rights of conscience, and by refusing their\\nassent to the unjust and unreasonable preten-\\nsions set up by the Church of England under\\nthe sanction of the British parliament, they be-\\ncame obnoxious to the displeasure of their civil\\nand religious rulers. Arraigned before the\\nCourt of High Commission, the Puritans boldly\\nasserted the principles of religious toleration,\\nand claimed the free exercise of their judgment\\nin all matters of faith. But in the liberal views\\nthat they entertained, they were too far in ad-\\nvance of the age in which they lived. They\\nwere consequently condemned. Hundreds of\\ntheir ministers were deposed and deprived of\\ntheir livings, and with their flocks, sentenced\\nto imprisonment and the loss of country, and\\neven of life.\\nIt was for these causes and under these cir-\\ncumstances that the Pilgrims quitted the shores\\nof England, and sought, among the savages\\nof the New World, the free exercise of those\\nprivileges which they had been denied in the\\nOld. Nor were they disappointed. Infusing", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0030.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "AND TIIErR DESCENDANTS. 23\\ntheir principles into all their institutions, civil,\\npolitical, and religious, they prepared the way\\nfor the establishment of that great fabric of\\nAmerican freedom, which is now the pride of\\ntheir posterity and the admiration of the civi-\\nlized world. And by the influence which they\\nexerted in shaping the destines of this republic,\\nthey have erected for themselves a monument\\nwhich shall be coequal with our national ex-\\nistence.\\nWithout stopping to notice other colonies of\\nless importance, we pass on to the one which\\nis more especially the subject of this little\\nvolume. We allude to the colony of Salzbur-\\ngers, which was planted in Georgia in 1733.\\nIt has often been a matter of surprise, that so\\nlittle notice has been taken of this colony in\\nthe various histories of our country which have\\nbeen published from time to time. Like the Pil-\\ngrim Fathers, the Salzburgers were the victims\\nof religious persecution: like them they were\\ndriven from their country and their homes on\\naccount of their unwavering attachment to the\\nprinciples of the gospel and there is a striking\\nparellel in their characters and their early his-\\ntory. If the Puritans could boast of the vene-\\nrable Robinson, as their pastor, the Salzburgers\\ncould point to their Bolzius and Gronau. If\\nthe Puritans were proud of Brewster and Car-\\nver, of Bradford, and Winslow, and Standish,", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0031.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "24 THE SALZBURGER?\\nthe Salzburgers had their Von Reck, and Vatt,\\nand Hermsdorf, and Dreisler, all men of mark,\\nand who, in point of energy, firmness of princi-\\nple, powers of endurance, and upright and con-\\nsistent character, would compare favourably with\\nany of the fathers of New England. But while\\nthe story of the Pilgrims has been a fruitful\\ntheme for the historian and the poet, the Salz-\\nburgers have either been entirely overlooked, or\\ntheir history has been sketched very hastily and\\nunsatisfactorily. This may be owing, in a mea-\\nsure, to the comparatively secluded spot which\\nthey selected for their settlement, together with\\nthe quietness and unobtrusiveness of their cha-\\nracter. Beside which, the prevalence of the\\nGerman language among them, the little inter-\\ncourse which they cultivated with their English\\nneighbours, and the preservation of their records\\nin their native language, have no doubt all\\ntended to obscure them, and deprive them of\\nthat position in the annals of our country to\\nwhich their sufferings, their virtues, and their\\ninfluence so justly entitle them.\\nThe most satisfactory accounts of this inte-\\nresting people which have been published in\\nthis country, are to be found in the collections\\nof the Georgia Historical Society, Bancroft s\\nHistory of the United States, Dr. Hazelius\\nHistory of the American Lutheran Church, and\\nDr. Steven s History of Georgia. But while", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0032.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 25\\nthese authors have done much to rescue the\\nSalzburgers from the obscurity into which they\\nhad been permitted to pass, it was not to have\\nbeen expected, from the very character of these\\npublications, that ample justice could have been\\ndone to the subject.\\nIn attempting a particular history of the\\nSalzburgers^ it must be admitted that the work\\nis attended with difficulty. Many of their re-\\ncords have been lost or destroyed, and those\\nwhich have been preserved are so voluminous,\\nand at the same time comprise so much matter\\nthat is of very little historical importance, that\\nit would require months, if not years, of patient\\nresearch to investigate them thoroughly. All\\nthat we shall aim at, therefore, will be, to notice\\nbriefly the origin of the Salzburgers, and the\\nimmediate causes which led to the planting of\\nthe colony in Georgia, with an account of their\\nsettlement at Ebenezer, and so much of their\\nsubsequent history as may be deemed of general\\ninterest.\\nThe Salzburgers were descended from the\\nVallenscs, a name derived from the Alpine\\nvalleys of Piedmont, and which was applied to\\nall who had emigrated into that region, espe-\\ncially from the East. The Vallenses had, for\\nseveral centuries prior to the Reformation, op-\\nposed the corruptions of the Church of Rome,\\nand had consequently exposed themselves to", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0033.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "26 THE SALZBURGERS\\nsevere persecutions, especially at the hands of\\nthe Dukes of Savoy, who waged against them a\\nwar of extermination. We may properly enu-\\nmerate in their history ten bloody persecutions,\\nfrom the establishment of their church in the\\ncommencement of the fifteenth century, until\\ntheir exodus, which occurred toward the middle\\nof the eighteenth century. To escape the dan-\\ngers to which they were exposed, and to enjoy\\nthe free exercise of their religion, they were\\ncompelled to secrete themselves in the most in-\\naccessible mountains of Dauphine in France,\\nand the Alps of Switzerland and the Tyrol.\\nHere, in their mountain retreats, secluded from\\nthe enjoyments of more civilized life, amid the\\nwild majesty and grandeur of nature, they wor-\\nshipped God in the true simplicity of the gos-\\npel, holding communion with Him, who prefers\\nabove all temples the upright heart and pure;\\nand acquiring continually, by a faithful improve-\\nment of their advantages, a fitness for that king-\\ndom where the foot of the oppressor shall never\\nenter, and the conflicts of the faithful shall end\\nin everlasting peace and glory.\\nNor were they content in seeking their own\\nimprovement: embarrassing as their circum-\\nstances no doubt were, they felt that it was\\ntheir duty to embrace every opportunity to im-\\npart to others those religious truths which they\\nhad derived from the sacred Scriptures. Hence,", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0034.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS.\\nas far as their situation would permit, they\\nwere constantly engaged in efforts to dissemi-\\nnate the doctrines of Christianity among the\\nuntutored inhabitants of those mountainous re-\\ngions. And their labour of love was not in\\nvain; for through their instructions, and more\\nespecially by the purity of their lives, hundreds\\nwere won to the cause of truth.\\nBut this favourable state of things, which had\\ncontinued for many years, was interrupted in\\nthe commencement of the seventeenth century.\\nThe doctrines of the Reformation, as taught by\\nLuther and Calvin, having been proclaimed\\nthroughout Europe, found their way to the re-\\ntreats of these devoted Christians and panting,\\nas they no doubt did, for clearer views of reli-\\ngious truth, they readily embraced the doctrines\\nof the reformed faith, and identified themselves\\nwith the friends of evangelical religion. When,\\ntherefore, the Church of Rome determined to\\nstop the progress of the Reformation, by perse-\\ncuting and if need be, by exterminating all who\\nfavoured it, these devoted people again became\\nthe subjects of Popish superstition and rage.\\nThey were hunted like wild beasts by the emis-\\nsaries of Rome, and made to suffer every cruelty\\nand indignity which the malice of man could\\npossibly devise. One of their ministers, An-\\nthony Brassus, was decapitated, ?ind, as if to add\\ninsult to injury, his head was nailed to his pul-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0035.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "28 THE SALZBURGERS\\npit; Others were scourged with such severity that\\nthey expired at the whipping-post; and every\\npastor who fell into the hands of the priests was\\nput to death under the most revolting circum-\\nstances. Nor were the lay members of these\\nchurches more fortunate than their spiritual\\nshepherds. Some were blown up with gunpowder,\\nothers were driven into barns and houses, and\\nsuffocated, or made to perish amid the flames\\nof their own dwellings. Neither age nor sex\\nprocured exemption from the cruelties of these\\ninhuman monsters and nothing but the provi-\\ndential escape of a small number, saved this en-\\ntire people from extermination.\\nThose who survived this persecution retreated\\ninto the secluded valleys of Teffereck. Here\\nthey remained undisturbed, maintaining their\\nreligious principles amid great poverty and\\ndistress, but still with unshaken confidence\\nin God, though they knew not how soon they\\nwould be exposed to new forms of cruelty and\\ndeath. At the expiration of about seventy\\nyears, (during which time Protestantism was\\nsupposed to be extinct in the Archbishopric of\\nSalzburg,) a whole congregation of Christians\\nwas discoved to exist, and it was ascertained\\nthat it had maintained its organization and regu-\\nlar worship for more than half a century. Tef-\\nfereck is a valley of Salzburg, on the borders\\nof the Tyrol, in the district called Windisch-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0036.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 29\\nMatrey and in its solitudes and in tlie depths\\nand darkness of its ravines, true faith seemed\\nlong to have found a safe retreat. The people\\nhad no minister or public instructor of any kind,\\nbut met together by night, in thick forests, or\\nin the mines for mutual edification, by singing\\nand prayer reading of the Scriptures, Luther s\\nand Spangenberg s sermons, the Augsburg Con-\\nfession, the Shorter Catechism, and other good\\nbooks. These were carefully perused in the\\nfamilies of such as could read, and the doctrines\\nwhich they inculcated were communicated to\\ntheir children and more intimate associates. In\\npublic, they occasionally attended the services\\nof the Romish Church and partook of the Sacra-\\nment, but they were still regarded with suspi-\\ncion by the public authorities, and were stigma-\\ntized by the priests as Secret Lutherans. Still\\nthey continued for a long time to enjoy some-\\nthing like peace. But as their numbers in-\\ncreased, they began to be watched more carefully,\\nand the appointment for that suffragan of a\\npriest who had been educated by the Jesuits,\\nfinally brought matters to a crisis. This man\\nwas exceedingly haughty and violent, and fre-\\nquently denounced the pure doctrines of the\\ngospel, which he suspected that these people had\\nembraced. Hence their attendance at church\\nbecame less and less frequent, and some of them,\\nwhen there, arose and left the house when they", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0037.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "80 THE SALZBURGERS\\nheard what they regarded as the most essential\\ntruths of Christianity misrepresented and blas-\\nphemed. The reigning bishop, Maximilian\\nGaudolph was speedily informed of the state\\nof things, and he immediately cited two of\\ntheir number before his court at Hallein. Upon\\nappearing in his presence, he asked where\\ntheir Lutheran books were, and demanded to\\nknow why they did not attend confession and\\nmass Upon honestly confessing their senti-\\nments, they were thrown into prison and put\\ninto chains. During three days confinement\\nthey were treated with the utmost severity, after\\nwhich they were conveyed to Salzburg, to be ex-\\namined before a higher court. Here they were\\nagain asked whether they were Lutherans or\\nPapists and upon their answering that they\\nbelieved the Lutheran doctrines to be clearly\\nfounded upon the gospel, they were again im-\\nprisoned for fifty days. While in prison two old\\nCapuchin monks were sent to convert them, but\\nthese priestly confessors could not shake their\\nfaith, being themselves discomfited by the apt\\nquotations that these humble Christians made\\nfrom the sacred Scriptures. Reason, or rather\\nsophistry, failing to make any impression, resort\\nwas had to torture and the most terrible threat-\\nenings; but these witnesses for the truth re-\\nmained firm. At length, they were required to\\nfurnish the archbishop with a written confession", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0038.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 81\\nof their faith. With this demand they cheer-\\nfully complied, and accompanied their confession\\nwith a very humble petition, that they might\\neither be tolerated in their native land, or al-\\nlowed to depart from it with their wives and chil-\\ndren. This confession was drawn up by Joseph\\nSchaitberger, a poor miner, who had enjoyed no\\nopportunities of education out of his own family,\\nbut it is in all respects a remarkable document.\\nIt commences thus Most noble Prince, our\\nmost gracious Lord Those are truly strong and\\nterrible words, which our Lord Jesus Christ him-\\nself has spoken to hypocritical Christians, who\\ndeny their ftiith before the world, when he says\\n*He that is ashamed of me and denies me be-\\nfore men, of him will I be ashamed, and will\\ndeny him before my Father and the holy\\nangels. Luke ix. and Matt. x. These words,\\nmay it please your princely grace, move us not\\nto deny our faith before men, lest we should\\nprove to be hypocrites in the sight of God and\\nof men, which may God prevent. They then\\nproceed to say, that his highness must be aware,\\nthat they had always conducted themselves as\\ndutiful subjects, but that as regarded things\\nspiritual, they felt themselves bound to obey\\nGod, rather than man; and while rendering\\nunto Caesar the things that are C?esar s, to\\nrender unto God the things that are God s. In\\nreference, therefore, to the two points on which", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0039.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "32 THE SALZBURGERS\\nthey were specifically interrogated, viz. the wor-\\nship of saints and the Lord s Supper, they would\\nexpress themselves as simply as they could, in\\nexplanation of what they believed to be in ac-\\ncordance with the plain teachings of the word\\nof God. In doing this, they very clearly an-\\nnounced their faith in the great doctrines of\\nChristianity, especially the doctrine of justifica-\\ntion by faith alone and occasionally refer to the\\nAugsburg Confession and declare their agree-\\nment with its teachings. In reference to the\\nLord s Supper, they thus expressed themselves\\nAs it regards the Holy Supper and Testament\\nof our Lord Jesus Christ, it rests most heavily\\nupon our hearts and consciences, in view of our\\nsoul s salvation, as one of our highest duties.\\nBut that we have not hitherto drank, according\\nto Christ s command, the blood of Christ in the\\ncup, this we and our forefathers have ever\\nlamented, for it is indeed written, Drink ye\\nall of it, that is not only priests, but all men.\\nMatt, xxvi.\\nThe result of this confession was a universal\\npersecution of all, who were even suspected of\\nhaving embraced these heretical views. They\\nwere refused employment, and their property\\nwas all taken from them. Their books were\\nseized whenever found, and either torn or burnt.\\nThey were put to hard labour upon bread and\\nwater for fourteen days, and then required to", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0040.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "AND TilEIK DESCENDANTS.\\nrecant. Some few were subdued by these cruel-\\nties, and such were required to renounce Luthe-\\nranism, as a new and damnable heresy, and pro-\\nfess their faith in all the doctrines of the papacy,\\nsuch as the mass, the intercession of the Virgin\\nMary and other saints, the sufficiency of the\\nsacraments under one form, purgatory, c.\\nOthers endeavoured to flee, with their wives and\\nchildren in the dead of winter, and left all\\ntheir earthly possessions behind. But not even\\nthis privilege was accorded to them by their re-\\nlentless persecutors. Their children were taken\\nfrom them, under the pretence of giving them\\nreligious instruction. From one thousand pa-\\nrents who were driven from their country during\\nthe years 1684 to 1686, not less than six hun-\\ndred children are said to have been taken. The\\naccounts given by the fugitives of the indigni-\\nties and cruelties to which they had been sub-\\njected, finally excited the sympathy of those\\nProtestant princes in whose territories they had\\nsought for refuge. About the commencement\\nof the year 1685, Fredrick William, Elector of\\nBrandenburg, addressed a letter to the Arch-\\nbishop of Salzburg, in which he mildly remon-\\nstrated against these proceedings, and expressed\\nthe hope that they were unauthorized by his\\ngrace, especially as they were in direct violation\\nof the peace of Westphalia. He also intimated,\\nthat in the absence of every other consideration,", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0041.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "84 THE SALZBURGERS\\nprudence alone would dictate another course, as\\nProtestant states might become so incensed by\\nsuch conduct as to retaliate upon their Roman\\nCatholic subjects. In June of the same year,\\nthe evangelical representatives, (Corpus Evan-\\ngelicum,) assembled at Regensburg, also ad-\\ndressed a remonstrance to the archbishop, who\\nreplied, that these people were neither Lutheran\\nnor Reformed, and consequently could not claim\\nthe benefits of the treaty of Westphalia. But\\nthe evangelical body reiterating their demands\\nearly in the following year, and claiming these\\nexiles as their brethren in a common faith, the\\nepiscopal government had no longer any pre-\\ntext for their violent and illegal conduct, and\\nthe Catholic authorities agreed to restore to the\\nProtestants their children and their rights of\\nproperty. Filled with joy and holy gratitude,\\na number of the Teffereckers hastened to their\\nonce happy valley, provided with every thing\\nwhich was regarded as necessary to establish\\ntheir rights as parents and citizens. Great,\\nhowever, was their surprise, when the Salzburg\\nmagistrate, Wolff Adam, to whom they reported\\nthemselves, without giving them an audience,\\nthus addressed them: What are you doing\\nhere, you Lutheran dogs Where are your pass-\\nports? These being produced, he continued\\nhis revilings while he sent for a priest to assist\\nin their examination. LTpon his arrival their", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0042.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS.\\npacks were searched, and all their books taken\\nfrom them, with this remark, When we have\\nour baking done, we will use these books to heat\\nthe oven. That night these devoted Christians\\nwere kept in prison under a guard of twenty\\nsoldiers, and the next morning they were ordered\\nto pay a fine of thirty-four florins. Upon their\\ndemurring to do so, they were threatened with\\nadditional cruelties, until one of their number\\ngave an order for the amount, to be raised from\\nhis property in the valley, upon which a guard\\nconducted them over the frontier, and warned\\nthem never again to attempt to enter the country.\\nRepresentations were duly made to the arch-\\nbishop in relation to the conduct of his subordi-\\nnates and an examination was professedly made,\\nbut the accused party escaped with a light repri-\\nmand. Finally, the archbishop endeavoured\\nto extricate himself from all censure, by alleging\\nthat the valley of Teffereck was not under his\\njurisdiction, but a part of the Tyrol, and so sub-\\nject to the Emperor of Austria. All represen-\\ntations made to the Imperial court were equally\\nunavailing and thus these poor people were\\nstripped of all their earthly possessions. Nor\\nwas this all. Their wives and children were\\nwrested from them, except when they succeeded\\nin penetrating the country, and, despite the vigi-\\nlance of the guards, carried off sometimes a\\nwife, sometimes a child, or perhaps in a few", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0043.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "36 THE SALZBURGERS\\ncases, their whole family. During all this time,\\ntheir sufferings were indescribable. Driven from\\ntheir homes, they had no place of shelter. De-\\nprived of all employment, they were destitute\\nof the means of providing the necessaries of life.\\nGoing forth in the dead of winter, they suffered\\nincredibly from cold and hunger, so that many,\\nafter reaching some Protestant state, perished\\nfrom exhaustion. Still more melancholy was\\nthe fate of those from whom their children were\\ntorn, and given into the hands of their bitterest\\nenemies, to be trained up under the most dan-\\ngerous and ruinous errors.\\nOne of the most remarkable of these sufferers\\nwas Joseph Schaitherger, to whom reference has\\nalready been made as the author of the Confes-\\nsion of Faith, which was presented to the arch-\\nbishop. He was born on the 18th of March,\\n1658, at Durenburg, in the district of Hallein,\\nabout two German miles from the city of Salz-\\nburg. His parents were both pious and decid-\\nedly attached to the evangelical faith, in which\\nhe was carefully educated. Being early taught\\nto read by his brother, (who was a schoolmaster,)\\nhe soon manifested the deepest love for the\\nsacred Scriptures, so that, like the Psalmist, he\\nmeditated in them by day and by night, and\\nconsequently became intimately acquainted with\\nthem. He was condemned by the archbishop s\\ncourt as a heretic, and his two daughters taken", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0044.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 37\\nfrom him. He returned twice to recover them,\\nbut never succeeded. One of them, however,\\nwas finally restored to him in a most remarkable\\nmanner. Educated as a most zealous and bigot-\\ned Catholic, she had been taught to regard her\\nfather as a heretic, for whom there was no hope\\nof salvation. When she had grown up, and was\\nmarried, she became so interested in his eternal\\nwelfare as to make a journey to Nuremberg,\\nwhere he was then residing, for the purpose of\\nattempting his conversion. Her filial piety was\\nrewarded for the conversations with her father\\nwere so blessed to her, that she became a con-\\nvert to the true faith, and after vainly attempt-\\ning to induce her husband to follow her ex-\\nample, she spent the rest of her life, a voluntary\\nexile, in Nuremburg, knowing that she would not\\nbe allowed to exercise her religion in Salzburg.\\nAfter his banishment, Schaitberger at first\\nsupported himself by cutting wood and other\\nsevere manual labour in the city in which he\\nhad taken refuge. But his zeal for religion\\nknew no abatement, and he devoted himself\\nto the spiritual interests of his countrymen,\\nespecially those whom he had left behind in\\nSalzburg.\\nBesides visiting them on various occasions, he\\nwrote letters and religious tracts for their instruc-\\ntion and edification, and poured forth his devout\\nfeelings in hymns admirably adapted to their", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0045.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "88 THE SALZBURGERS\\ncircumstances. The influence of these simple\\nproductions, though for a long time circulated in\\nmanuscript, appears to have been very extraordi-\\nnary. It is not known at what time they were\\nfirst printed, but it was certainly some years\\nafter their good effects became manifest. They\\nwere, however, at length collected into a small\\nvolume, which was eagerly sought by the vast\\nbody of Protestants, who seemed suddenly to\\nspring up from the soil out of which, it was sup-\\nposed, that every germ of evangelical truth had\\nbeen eradicated. As that immense body of\\nmartyrs wended their way to Prussia and other\\nparts of Protestant Germany, and even to Holland\\nand America, they were everywhere heard singing\\nhis simple hymns, especially that which was call-\\ned The Exile s Hymn, a translation of which\\nis here appended. We are indebted for this\\ntranslation, as well as much of the information\\nin regard to Schaitberger, to Dr. Reynolds, Pre-\\nsident of Capitol University, Columbus, (Ohio.)\\nSchaitberger lived to see this great work of re-\\nvival in Salzburg, as he died at Nuremburg,\\ntoward the close of 1733. His last years were\\nrendered comfortable by the provision made for\\nhim by the magistrate of the city, to whom he\\nhad so strongly recommended himself by his\\nunblemished life.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0046.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 39\\nTHE SALZBURG EMIGRANT S SONG.\\nI.\\nI AM a wretched exile here\\nThus must my name be given\\nFrom native land and all s that dear,\\nFor God s word, I am driven.\\nir.\\nFull well I know, Lord Jesus Christ,\\nThy treatment was no better\\nThy follower I now will be\\nTo do thy will I m debtor.\\nHenceforth, a pilgrim I must be.\\nIn foreign climes must wander;\\nLord my prayer ascends to thee,\\nThat thou my path will ponder.\\nIV.\\nfaithful God be thou my stay\\nI give me to thy keeping\\nForsake me not in this my day,\\nNor when in death I m sleeping.\\nV.\\nThy faith I freely have confessed\\nDare I deny it Never\\nNot though they call me heretic,\\nAnd soul and body sever.\\nMy ornament, the galling chain\\nFor Jesus sake I wear it.\\nAnd scarcely feel its weight or pain,\\nWhile in his faith I bear it.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0047.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "40 THE SALZBURGERS\\nVII.\\nThough Satan and the world conspire\\nTo seize each earthly treasure,\\nIf in my heart true faith but dwell,\\nI m rich beyond all measure.\\nThy will, God be done May I\\nStill cheerfully obey thee\\nAnd may thy arm of power and love\\nEncompass still, and stay me\\nThough I go forth to poverty,\\nFor Christ s sake, I am going.\\nAnd see in heaven, reserved for me,\\nA crown vnth glory glowing.\\nForth from my home I now must go\\nMy children Must I leave them\\nGod my tears in anguish flow\\nShall I no more receive them\\nXI.\\nMy God conduct me to a place.\\nThough in some distant nation,\\nWhere I may have thy glorious word,\\nAnd learn thy great salvation.\\nAnd though in this dark vale of tears\\nI yet awhile must tarry,\\nI know that thou to heaven, at length,\\nMy ransomed soul will carry\\nWe come now to speak of the persecution\\nwhich brought those emigrants to America who", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0048.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 41\\nare more especially the subjects of this narra-\\ntive. For forty years the persecuted Protest-\\nants who resided in the glens and fastnesses of\\nthe Alps had been permitted to enjoy their re-\\nligion in comparative quiet. But, as we have\\nintimated, their doctrines were spreading with\\ntoo much rapidity, and it was therefore deemed\\nnecessary, to interpose the strong arm of civil\\npower to arrest their further progress. This\\npersecution, which was the most cruel and ex-\\ntensive of any that preceded it, was begun at\\nthe instance and under the direction of Leopold,\\nCount of Firmain and Archbishop of Salzburg,\\nwho, having discovered that many of his subjects\\nhad renounced the religion of Rome, determined\\neither to reduce them to submission or to extir-\\npate them from his dominions.\\nThe Archbishopric of Salzburg comprised at\\nthis time, the Suffragans of Friessingen, Ratis-\\nbon, Passau, Chiemre, Seckau, Lavant, Briscen,\\nGurk, and Neustadt, and contained, according to\\nsome authorities, a population of not less than\\n150,000 souls. We cannot ascertain exactly what\\nwas the proportion of Protestants within its juris-\\ndiction, but it must have been considerable, if\\nwe may judge from the large numbers who\\nwere compelled to seek a place of safety in other\\ncountries. This archbishopric was then the\\nmost eastern district of Bavaria, but now forms\\na detached province in Upper Austria. It is", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0049.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "42 THE SALZBURGERS\\ncalled Salzburg, from the broad valley of the\\nSalza, which is made by the approximating of\\nthe Norric and Rhetian Alps. All who resided\\nin this region were consequently denominated\\nSalzburgers.\\nSalzburg is the principal city in this district,\\nand as a matter of history it may not be inap-\\npropriate to remark, that it is a place of great\\nantiquity. It was destroyed by Attila in the\\nyear 448, but was afterward rebuilt by the Ba-\\nvarian dukes, at the request of St. Rupert. It\\nwas the birthplace of the famous Paracelsus,\\nand here his ashes repose. It contains the re-\\nmains of the ancient Roman baths, from which\\nmany valuable antiquities have been obtained.\\nThe population is estimated at 15,000. It is\\nthe only fortress in Upper Austria.\\nReturning from this short digression, we re-\\nmark that the persecution under Leopold com-\\nmenced in 1729, and continued with unabated\\nviolence until 1732. The objects of his rage\\nwere sought out and pursued by the priests and\\nsoldiery of Rome, and experienced every species\\nof outrage which an unbridled fanaticism could\\nsuggest. Resort was had to whipping and im-\\nprisonment, and when these failed the unhappy\\nvictims were murdered or banished, and their\\nproperty confiscated. All the natural and sacred\\nties of life were disregarded. Husbands and\\nwives were separated. Children were torn from", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0050.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 43\\nthe embraces of their parents, and forced into\\nmonasteries for education in the Komish faith.\\nDuring this persecution upward of THIRTY THOU-\\nSAND Protestants were exiled, and compelled to\\nseek for safety and peace among their Protestant\\nbrethren. Nor were the hearts of those brethren\\nclosed against them. Twenty thousand were\\nreceived in the Prussian dominions, and many\\nof them took up their abode in Wurtemburg,\\nBaden, the city of Augsburg, and other free\\ncities of Swabia. Some also emigrated to Hol-\\nland and England, where they were received\\nwith kindness and Christian sympathy, and\\nevery effort made to relieve their wants and\\nmitigate their sufferings. Though persecuted,\\nthey were not forsaken. Though they were\\nforced to wander about as outcasts from the\\nland of their nativity, yet God was with them,\\nand in the course of his providence was prepar-\\ning the way, for their permanent escape from\\nspiritual despotism, and was about to transplant\\nsome of them at least, to a better country\\nwhere, freed from the fear of man, they could\\nworship Him without molestation, and under cir-\\ncumstances far more favourable, than any in\\nwhich they had been placed in their much-loved\\nfatherland.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0051.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "44 THE SALZBURGERS\\nCHAPTER IL\\nCharter granted by Charles IL to the Trustees for establishing the\\ncolony of Georgia The design of the colony General Ogle-\\nthorpe English settlers arrive at Savannah Society for the\\nPropagation of Christian Knowledge Interest on behalf of\\nthe Salzburgers Arrangements to remove the Salzburgers to\\nGeorgia Fifty families engaged for the first transportation-\\nProvision made by the Society Liberality of the Trustees\\nFirst company of emigrants Love of country Departure\\nfrom their homes\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Incidents of their journey The city of\\nAugsburg Hospitalities extended to the Salzburgers Recom-\\nmence their travels\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Rev. S. Urlsperger\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Effects of the sojourn\\nof the Salzburgers at Augsburg Revival of religion Further\\nincidents Arrival at the city of Frankfort Conduct of the\\nBurgers Procession Entrance into the city- Hospitality of\\nthe inhabitants Departure from Frankfort The Maine and\\nRhine Arrival at Rotterdam Rev. Messrs. Bolzius and Gro-\\nnau Departure from Rotterdam Arrival at Dover, in England\\nImpressions made by the emigrants on their English benefac-\\ntors Preparations for leaving England Departure of the\\nPurisburg, first ship with German emigrants.\\nWhile the scenes recorded in the latter part\\nof the previous chapter were transpiring, events\\nwere occurring in England, which in the provi-\\ndence of God, were destined to result in lasting\\nbenefits to the Salzburgers. In 1732, a charter\\nwas granted by Charles II. to twenty-one noble-\\nmen and gentlemen in England, constituting\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0k\\nU-*^^", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0052.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 45\\nthem a body corporate, by the name of, The\\nTrustees for establishing the Colony of Georgia,\\nin America. The design of this enterprise, as\\nstated by the trustees themselves, was not only\\nto provide a home and the means of subsistence\\nfor the indigent inhabitants of Great Britain,\\nbut also to furnish a refuge for the distressed\\nSalzburgers and other Protestants. This colony\\nwas planted by General James Oglethorpe, who\\narrived in Georgia, with the first company of\\nEnglish settlers, on the 20th of January, 1733,\\nand laid the foundation of the city of Savannah.\\nNo sooner was this corporation organized and\\nits objects made known, than the Society for\\nthe Propagation of Christian Knowledge began\\nto interest itself for the removal of some of the\\nSalzburgers to Georgia; and as early as the 12th\\nof October, 1732, they made application to the\\nTrustees to aid them in their benevolent de-\\nsigns. The Trustees did not feel authorized\\nat this time, to do more for the Salzburgers than\\nto offer them grants of land in their new colony\\nall the funds which they controlled having been\\nraised for a different purpose. Steps were how-\\never immediately taken, to ascertain whether any\\nof the German Protestants were willing to remove\\nto Georgia, and become British subjects; sub-\\nmitting themselves to such rules as the Trus-\\ntees might prescribe. The Society for the\\nPropagation of Christian Knowledge opened q", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0053.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "46 THE SALZBURGERS\\ncorrespondence with several prominent Protest-\\nant ministers in different parts of Germany, in\\norder to ascertain if the Salzburgers were dis-\\nposed to avail themselves of their kind offices, and\\nremove to the asylum which it was proposed to\\nprovide for them in America.\\nFrom their correspondents the Society\\nlearned, that there were hundreds of the perse-\\ncuted Protestants who were not only willing, but\\nanxious to emigrate. This fact was communicated\\nto the Trustees, who, warranted by a special\\nfund, recently raised for the purpose, sent in\\nDecember, 1732, an invitation to fifty families\\nof the Salzburgers to remove to Georgia.\\nAt the same time, the venerable Society\\nproposed to pay their expenses from Germany\\nto Rotterdam, and to furnish the means to sup-\\nport among them a pastor and a catechist.\\nVarious causes prevented the immediate execu-\\ntion of these plans. In the mean time, a liberal\\ngrant of money was made by the British Parlia-\\nment to aid the colony, which, together with\\nthree or four thousand pounds from private bene-\\nfactions, enabled the Trustees to carry out\\nmore fully the benevolent intentions of the\\nSociety. They consequently wrote again to\\nGermany and requested that a portion of the\\nSalzburgers might be sent over to England, to\\nprepare for their transportation to America;\\nand, in the mean time, money and articles of", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0054.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 47\\nclothing were forwarded to the continent, to\\nsupply their wants and relieve their distresses\\nduring the journey.\\nOne cannot but admire the liberality which\\nthe trustees displayed, in the terras upon which\\nthey proposed to transplant these poor, perse-\\ncuted Germans to their new colony. To such\\nas were deemed worthy of their patronage, they\\nadvanced the funds necessary to pay their pas-\\nsage and furnish sea-stores. On arriving in\\nGeorgia, each Salzburger was to receive three\\nlots. One for a house and yard within the\\ntown, and one for a garden near the town, and\\none for tillage at a short distance from the town,\\n(the whole embracing fifty acres,) said lands to\\nbe a free-hold to them and to their heirs for-\\never. In addition to this, the trustees engaged\\nto furnish them with provisions until their lands\\ncould be made available for their own support.\\nIn consideration of these very liberal grants,\\nthe Salzburgers were to obligate themselves to\\nobey the trustees orders, and become citizens of\\nGeorgia, with all the rights and privileges of\\nEnglishmen.\\nThe necessary arrangements having all been\\ncompleted, the first company of emigrants be-\\ngan to prepare for their journey. These were\\nfrom the town of Berchtolsgaden and its vicinity.\\nOne may readily imagine the varied sensations\\nof these devoted Christians, as the time drew", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0055.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "48 THE SALZBURGERS\\nnear wLich was to witness their departure from\\ntheir homes and their country. True, they had\\nthere endured severe persecutions and trials but\\nthey were men whose natural affections had been\\nrefined by the mild influences of Christianity, and,\\nwith all its faults, they loved their country still.\\nThere, too, were the scenes of their childhood,\\nendeared by all the fond recollections of early\\nlife, and hallowed by those religious associations\\nso peculiarly grateful to the pious heart. Yet,\\nhow dear soever were their native hills and vales,\\nand painfully pleasing as were many of the re-\\nminiscences of the past, they could not have failed\\nto realize that they were the objects of a cruel\\nhate, and that they held their property and\\ntheir lives at the disposal of a merciless foe.\\nBeside, their religious principles, which they\\nesteemed more precious than life, had been de-\\nnounced as heresy, and the right to worship\\nGod in accordance with their views and feel-\\nings had been denied them. Thus circumstanced,\\nhow peculiarly grateful must have been the pros-\\npects which unfolded themselves to their vision,\\nas they contemplated their removal from what\\nmight, with propriety, be styled the land of their\\ncaptivity and cruel oppression, to a country\\nw^here, freed from the restrictions now imposed\\nupon them, and placed beyond the reach of their\\nspiritual enemies, they could worship the God of\\ntheir fathers without hindrance, and secure to", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0056.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 49\\nthemselves and their posterity a heritage of\\nfreedom.\\nAt length the day for their departure arrived.\\nBehold now these pious pilgrims about to leave\\nforever their country and their homes. They\\nwere indeed a noble army of martyrs going forth\\nin the strength of God, and triumphing in the\\nfaith of the gospel, under the severest hard-\\nships and the most rigorous persecutions. They\\nwere marshalled under no btTnners, save that\\nof the cross, and were preceded by no leaders,\\nsave their spiritual teachers and the great Cap-\\ntain of their salvation. They carried with them\\nno weapons, save their hymn-books and their\\nBibles, and as they journeyed they made the\\nair vocal with their praises to Him who, though\\nhe had permitted them to be persecuted and\\neven exiled, had not left them without protec-\\ntion and friends, nor given them up into the\\nhands of their oppressors.\\nSetting out on foot, the direction of their\\njourney required them to pass through Bavaria,\\nand at almost every step they were exposed to\\ninsult. Whenever it suited the Catholic author-\\nities, these wanderers were turned aside from\\ntheir course, and every effort was made to em-\\nbarrass them and render their situation unplea-\\nsant. But no hindrances could check their\\nBancroft.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0057.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "so* THE SALZEURfiER?\\nzeal, no promises or threats could change their\\ndetermination. Onward they march, through\\nthe midst of foes, until at last they pass the\\nterritory of Bavaria, and arrive before the gates\\nof the free city of Augsburg, in Swabia. But\\nthe gates of that renowned city were closed\\nagainst them.\\nThis was indeed a severe trial. In this very\\nplace, two hundred years previously, Melancthon\\nand Luther had presented to the Emperor Charles\\nY. and the assembled princes of Germany, that\\nvenerable symbol of the reformed faith which\\nfrom this city received the name of the Augs-\\nburg Confession. It was for embracing this\\nconfession, and for their consistent and unwa-\\nvering maintenance of its doctrines, that they\\nhad endured so much persecution, and were now\\nwandering in exile, seeking for a home in a dis-\\ntant and unknown clime. However, though at\\nfirst repulsed, the officers of the city, overawed\\nby the Protestant inhabitants, reluctantly ad-\\nmitted the emigrants, and their Lutheran bre-\\nthren immediately made provision for their enter-\\ntainment and the supply of their wants. Here\\nfor a season they rested, enjoying the kind hos-\\npitality of their Christian friends, and gathering\\nfrom their sympathy and their offices of love,\\nfresh courage and encouragement for the\\nStevens. t Ibid.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0058.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 51\\nfurther prosecution of their long and tedious\\njourney.\\nThe news of the arrival of the Salzburgers at\\nAugsburg, soon spread through the neighbour-\\ning countries, and now it would seem that the\\nsympathies of evangelical Christians were gene-\\nrally aroused on their behalf. Not only did the\\nLutheran pastors and their flocks manifest a\\ndeep interest in their welfare, but princes, pro-\\nfessors, and students in the universities and\\ncolleges vied with each other in doing honour to\\nthose who, in obeying the dictates of their con-\\nsciences and yielding to a sense of religious ob-\\nligation, had preferred banishment, rather than\\nrenounce their attachment to the gospel.*\\nOn the 21st day of October, 1733, the Salz-\\nburgers recommenced their pilgrimage, after a\\ndiscourse and prayer, and a benediction. This\\ncompany of emigrants consisted of forty-two\\nmen, with their families, numbering in all seventy-\\neiglit persons. The arrangements for their trans-\\nportation to Georgia had been previously made\\nwith the Trustees, by the venerable Samuel\\nUrlsperger, then pastor of the Lutheran church\\nof St. Ann in the city of Augsburg, who be-\\nstowed special attention upon them during their\\nsojourn, and ever afterward watched over their\\nwelfare with the solicitude of an aflectionatc\\nSteven?.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0059.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "52 THE SALZBURGERS\\nfather. On leaving the city, the Salzburgers,\\nwere furnished by their friends, with three rude\\ncarts, in one of which thej placed their baggage,\\nwhile the others conveyed their feeble women\\nand helpless children the rest travelled on foot.\\nIt was under such circumstances that they began\\ntheir weary march, as pilgrims seeking a better\\ncountry.\\nThe sojourn of the Salzburgers in Augsburg\\nwas not without its practical effects upon the in-\\nhabitants of the city. The power of the gospel\\nwas so strikingly exemplified in the patience\\nand fortitude which they displayed amid all\\ntheir sufferings, and they evinced a spirit of\\nsuch deep and fervent piety in their general\\ndeportment, that by their example many were\\nawakened, and the churches were blessed with a\\nvery gracious revival of religion. Thus, while\\nthey were flying from persecution, God Avas\\nemploying their instrumentality in multiplying\\nthe triumphs of evangelical truth.\\nAfter leaving Augsburg, the incidents con-\\nnected with their journey varied according to\\nthe religious character of the country through\\nwhich they passed. At one time they are en-\\ncouraged by the hospitality and sympathy of\\nfriends; at other times, exposed to the scoffs\\nand maltreatment of their enemies. To-day\\nthey receive every assistance which Christian\\nkindness can suggest to-morrow they are", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0060.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 63\\nthreatened by their adversaries, and turned aside\\nfrom their way by their intolerant enemies.\\nBut amid the most trying circumstances they\\nwere cheerful and happy, always looking up to\\nthe throne of God with joyful hope, and sus-\\ntained by the promise, I will never leave you\\nnor forsake you.\\nPursuing their weary pilgrimage, they arrived\\nat length at the Protestant city of Frankfort, in\\nNassau. The burghers of the city, hearing of\\ntheir approach, went out to meet and welcome\\nthem, and extend to them a hospitable recep-\\ntion. We can easily imagine with what warm\\nenthusiasm these Christian men greeted the toil-\\nworn exiles, and how affecting was the scene,\\nas they embraced each other as the disciples of\\nthe same Saviour, and as the professors of a\\ncommon faith. Their salutations being over,\\nand the first gust of feeling having subsided,\\na procession was formed, headed by the pious\\nburghers, and they marched into the city two\\nby two. And how solemn and imposing their\\nentrance No clangour of trumpets, no notes\\nof martial music herald their approach. They\\npass into the city, not amid the shouts of the\\nnoisy multitude, but singing one of those beau-\\ntiful psalms in which they had been wont, in\\ntheir native land, to pour forth the pious aspi-\\nrations of their souls to their Saviour and their\\nGod. This little incident speaks volumes in\\n5*", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0061.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "54 THE SALZBURGERS\\ntestimony of the truly devotional spirit which\\ncharacterized these people, and shows, too, that\\ntheir strength lay in the simplicity of their\\nfaith.\\nAt Frankfort, as at Augsburg, the Salzburgers\\nexperienced every attention which Christian aifec-\\ntion could suggest and an ample charity pro-\\nvide. After remaining here for a few days to\\nrefresh themselves, and to partake of the bounty\\nof their brethren, they embarked upon the Maine,\\nand soon found themselves floating upon the waters\\nof the beautiful Rhine. As they passed be-\\ntween the castled crags, the vineyards, and the\\nwhite-walled towns that adorn its banks, their\\nconversation, amid hymns and psalms, is of jus-\\ntification and sanctiiication. Thus employed,\\nthe hours glided away, not only pleasantly but\\nprofitably, and they realize every day more fully\\nthe joys and consolations of that religion for\\nthe enjoyment of which they had sufi ered the\\nloss of all things.\\nOn the 27th of November they reached the\\ncity of Rotterdam. Here they were joined by\\ntheir chosen teachers, the Rev. John Martin\\nBolzius, and Rev. Israel Christian Gronau. The\\nformer had been superintendent of the Latin\\nOrphan House at Halle, and the latter a tutor\\nin the same institution. These pious men, in\\nthe exercise of a truly missionary spirit, had\\nBancroft.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0062.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "AN.0 THEIR DESCENDANTS.\\n55\\nconsented to relinquish the lucrative and honour-\\nable positions which they held in the institution\\nat Halle, that they might accompany the Salz-\\nburgers to Georgia, and minister to their spiritual\\nwants. Subsequent events showed, that this im-\\nportant trust was confided to those who were in\\nevery respect worthy of it. Very little is known\\nof the early history of Messrs. Bolzius and\\nGronau. All that has been ascertained in refe-\\nrence to Mr. Bolzius is, that he was born on the\\n15th of December, 1703, and ordained to the\\ngospel ministry on the 11th of November, 1733.\\nAfter staying for a week at Rotterdam, the\\nemigrants, in company with their pastors, em-\\nbarked on board of one of the Trustees ships\\non the 2d of December. Their passage down\\nthe English Channel was a long and tedious one,\\nthe weather having been boisterous and the\\nwinds adverse.\\nOn the 21st day of December they arrived\\nsafely at Dover, in England. Here they were\\nvisited by the Trustees, who bestowed on\\nthem every attention which their circumstances\\nseemed to require. Nor did they fail to engage\\nthe sympathies of their English friends. Their\\npiety and humility, their exemplary conduct\\nunder all circumstances, together with the suf-\\nferings and privations which they had endured\\nin the cause of Christian truth, commended\\nthem to the confidence and the kind regards of", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0063.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "56 THE SALZBUEGERS\\nall who were capable of appreciating their vir-\\ntues or pitying their wrongs.\\nThe arrangements for their voyage to America\\nwere made with all reasonable despatch, and the\\n28th day of December was fixed upon as the\\ntime for their departure for their new homes.\\nThe Trustees administered to each Salzburger\\nan oath of strict piety, loyalty, and fidelity,\\nafter which they spent several hours in devo-\\ntional exercises.* Their pastor preached to\\nthem an appropriate sermon from the words,\\n(Isa. xlix. 10,) He that hath mercy on them\\nwill lead them. In this address he endea-\\nvoured, by reviewing the mercies which they\\nhad experienced under the most trying circum-\\nstances, to inspire them with fresh confidence\\nin the goodness of God. He encouraged them\\nto believe, that He who had hitherto been their\\nprotector, and had defended them against all\\nthe machinations of their enemies, would watch\\nover them amidst the dangers of the trackless\\nocean, as well as those to which they might be\\nexposed in the strange land whither they were\\ngoing. After singing a hymn and uniting in\\nprayer, the Purisburg, (the first ship conveying\\nGerman emigrants,) unfolded her sails, and the\\nfirst company of Salzburgers who were to aid in\\nthe colonization of Georgia, departed for their\\ndistant home.\\nStevens.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0064.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 57\\nCHAPTER III.\\nThe Salzburgers at sea Conduct during the voyage Arrival\\nat Charleston, S. C. General Oglethorpe Departure from\\nCharleston Arrival at Savannah Sentiments of the emigrants\\nTheir reception at Savannah Notes of Mr. Bolzius Baron\\nVon Reck Conduct of the Indians Disembarkation of the\\nSalzburgers Liberality of General Oglethorpe Expedition\\ninto the country Description of the country Devout conduct\\nof the Salzburgers Ebenezer Foundation of the colony\\nLocation of their settlement Uchee Indians St. Matthew s\\nParish Lord Effingham Town laid out Salzburgers remove\\nto their new home Impressions in relation to the nature of the\\ncountry Baron Von Reek s enthusiastic description Real cha-\\nracter of the country Assignment of lots Hardships incident\\nto colonization Scarcity of mechanics and materials for building\\nOther trials Sickness and death among the colonists Ex-\\ntracts from .Mr. Bolzius journal Influence of affliction Arri-\\nval of a second company of Salzburgers Improvement in the\\ncondition of the colony Progress of the town, c.\\nTo one who has always resided at a distance\\nfrom the sea-board, few objects appear more\\nawfully grand than the mighty ocean, with its\\nseemingly boundless space of waters. Nowhere\\nwill man be more fully impressed with a sense\\nof his dependence than when he is isolated from\\nthe rest of the world, and left to the mercy of\\nthe winds and waves. If at any time the soul\\nis disposed for holy contemplation, it must bo", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0065.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "58 THE SALZBURGERS\\nwhen man is removed far away from human\\nsuccour and in the consciousness of his own help-\\nlessness is forced to meditate upon the power\\nand goodness of his Creator.\\nSuch was now the situation of the Salzbur-\\ngers. Coming from the interior of Europe,\\nthey knew nothing of the ocean, except what\\nthey had heard; and to them the perils of a\\nvoyage at sea no doubt assumed a fearful cha-\\nracter. Launched upon its bosom, every thing\\nwas new to them, and they knew not which to\\nadmire most, its strangeness or its sublimity.\\nBut though its wonders inspired them with awe\\nand humility, their hearts, sustained by a holy\\nfortitude, experienced no fear and no sooner did\\nthe shores of England vanish from their vision,\\nthan they broke forth in psalms of praise to Him\\nwho measures the waters in the hollow of His\\nhands. Every day furnished them with new\\nsubjects of contemplation. The ocean hushed\\ninto repose, or lashed by the winds into furious\\ncommotion the dark and lowering storm howl-\\ning through their vessel the gentle breezes\\nwafting them gayly on their course, all supply\\nthem with themes of thanksgiving, and awaken\\nin their souls new emotions of gratitude.\\nNor did they, in the exciting scenes which\\nsurrounded them, neglect their spiritual im-\\nprovement. Blessed with the presence of two\\npious teachers, much of their time was spent in", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0066.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS.\\nreligious conversation. Daily worship was ob-\\nserved; and when the Sabbath arrived, their\\nship became their Bethel, where they were\\nfavored with the faithful preaching of the gos-\\npel, and enjoyed, as far as their situation would\\npermit, all the privileges of the sanctuary.\\nAfter a perilous passage of one hundred and\\nfour days, they reached Charleston, S. C, early\\nin March, 1734. Here they providentially met\\nGeneral Oglethorpe, who had gone thither for\\nthe purpose of making a voyage to England, with\\na view to procure reinforcements for the colony.\\nAs soon, however, as he heard of the arrival of\\nthe Salzburgers, with his usual benevolence of\\nheart he relinquished his intended journey, and\\nreturned to Georgia to aid these exiles in making\\nan advantageous settlement.\\nRemaining in Charleston a few days, the\\nSalzburgers re-embarked on the 9th day of\\nMarch. On the 11th they entered the Savan-\\nnah River. This, according to the Lutheran\\nCalendar, was Reminiscere Sunday. Here\\nwas indeed a striking coincidence, and the oc-\\ncasion suggested a train of very pleasing reflec-\\ntions. No doubt they recalled the memories of\\nother days, when they endured so much afflic-\\ntion for conscience sake and in dwelling upon\\nthe scenes of trial through which they had\\npassed, the kindness with which God had safely\\nconducted them through every danger, and the", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0067.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "60 THE SALZBURGERS\\nfavourable prospects which now opened to\\nthem, their hearts were oppressed by a sense of\\ngratitude too great for utterance. But amid\\nthe associations of this hallowed day their minds\\nwere calm. The promises of peace and mercy\\ntranquillized their spirits, and no anxious cares\\nfor the future disturbed their repose. One of\\ntheir number, in a letter to a friend in Germany,\\nspeaks thus of this occasion While we lay\\noff the banks of our dear Georgia, in a very\\nlovely calm, and heard the birds singing sweetly,\\nall was cheerful on board. It was really edify-\\ning to us, that we came to the borders of the\\npromised land this day, when, as we are taught\\nby its lessons from the gospel, Jesus came to\\nthe sea-coast after he had endured persecution\\nand rejection by his countrymen. To com-\\nmemorate this day, it was resolved to celebrate\\nit as an annual festival of thanksgiving to God\\nand this practice was observed for a very long\\nperiod.\\nOn the 12th of March the Salzburgers reached\\nSavannah, and here a truly cordial reception\\nwas given them. They were greeted with the\\nacclamations of the colonists, and entertained with\\nevery mark of hospitality. General Oglethorpe\\nhimself went down to the river to meet and wel-\\ncome them to their new homes, and with his accus-\\ntomed liberality offered to give them any of the un-\\nStevens.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0068.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 61\\nappropriated lands upon which they might prefer\\nto settle, and to furnish them with every facility\\nthat he could command. Such were the favour-\\nable circumstances under which these pilgrims\\nreached the land of their adoption.\\nMr. Bolzius, in his journal, under date of\\nMarch 11, 1734, says, At the place of our\\nlanding almost all the inhabitants of Savannah\\nwere gathered together. They fired off some\\ncannon, and cried huzza which was answered\\nby our sailors, and other English people in our\\nship, in the same manner. A good dinner was\\nprepared for us. We, the commissary, and\\nDr. Twifiler, our physician were lodged in the\\nhouse of the Rev. Mr. Quincy, the English mis-\\nsionary.\\nBaron Von Reck thus records the same event\\nThe citizens returned our salute of five guns with\\nthree and all the magistrates, the citizens, and the\\nIndians came to the river side. The two divines,\\n(Messrs. Bolzius and Gronau,) Mr. Dunbar, some\\nothers, and myself went ashore in a boat. We\\nwere received with all possible demonstrations\\nof joy, friendship, and civility. The Indians\\nreached their hands to me, as a testimony of\\ntheir joy also for our arrival. The Salzburgers\\ncame on shore after us, and we immediately\\npitched a tent for them in the square of the\\ntown.\\nThe Salzburgers having all safely disem-\\nG", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0069.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "62 THE SALZBURGERS\\nbarked, the next object of interest was to select\\na location for their settlement. General Ogle-\\nthorpe informed Baron Von Reck (who con-\\nducted this expedition) that his people might\\nexercise their own choice in this particular\\nThis fact being communicated to them, thejf\\nexpressed a desire to be removed to some dis-\\ntance from the sea, where the scenery was diver-\\nsified with hill and dale, and they might be\\nsupplied with springs of water. This wish, no\\ndoubt, originated in the associations connected\\nwith home, such having been the nature of the\\ncountry in which they had been reared. To\\ncarry out their views, Greneral Oglethorpe, in\\ncompany with Paul Jenys, Esq., Speaker of the\\nSouth Carolina House of Assembly, Baron Von\\nReck, Mr. Gronau, Dr. Twiffler, their physician,\\nand one of the Lutheran elders, together with\\nsome Indians, made a tour of observation into\\nthe adjoining country, while the great body of\\nthe Germans remained in the city to rest them-\\nselves from the effects of their long and tedious\\nvoyage.\\nThe corps of observation, in the accom-\\nplishment of their mission, penetrated nearly\\nthirty miles into the interior, where they disco-\\nvered a location which, it was supposed, would\\nmeet the wishes of the emigrants. The place\\nwas described as being on the banks of a\\nriver of clear water, the sides high, the country", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0070.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 63\\nof the neighbourhood hilly, with valleys of rich\\ncane-land, intermixed with little brooks and\\nsprings of water. The Salzburgers who were\\nof this company expressed themselves as highly\\ngratified with the situation and the general ap-\\npearance of the country. But as they had been\\nwont to sanctify every act by thanksgiving and\\nprayer, and as the events of this day would\\nprobably exert an important influence upon their\\nfuture prosperity, they meekly bowed beside the\\nwater, and invoked the divine protection and\\nblessing. They finished their journey, as they\\ncommenced it, with fervent praise to God for\\nhis great goodness as displayed in their past\\nhistory, but especially in bringing them to so\\ngoodly a land. After singing a psalm, they set\\nup a rock, which they found upon the spot, and,\\nin the spirit of the pious Samuel, named the\\nplace Ebenezer, (the stone of help,) for they\\ncould truly say, Hitherto the Lord hath helped\\nus. Thus, with devout gratitude to God, and\\nhumble reliance upon his goodness, the founda-\\ntion was laid for the Colony of the Salz-\\nburgers.\\nIt may be well here to remark that the lands\\nalloted to the Salzburgers bordered on the pos-\\nsessions of the Uchee Indians, from whom Gene-\\nral Oglethorpe obtained them some time pre-\\nviously. It is worthy of note that though these\\nIndians were near neighbours to the Germans,", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0071.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "64 THE SALZBUKGERS\\nthey never manifested any hostile disposition.\\nOn the contrary, there is reason to believe that\\nthe most friendly relations always subsisted be-\\ntween them. It may be proper to state here\\nthat the place selected was about tw^enty-five\\nmiles from the city of Savannah, in a district\\nof country afterward known as St. Matthew s\\nParish, and subsequently erected into a county,\\nwhich was called Effingham, after an English\\nnobleman Lord Effingham who defended, in\\nthe British Parliament, in 1775, the resistance\\nof the American Colonies to the usurpations of\\nthe mother country, and resigned his commis-\\nsion in the British army when he ascertained\\nthat his regiment was about to be ordered to\\nAmerica, to aid in enforcing the unjust exac-\\ntions of the crown. The county still bears that\\ntitle.\\nThe site for a settlement having been agreed\\nupon. General Oglethorpe marked out the town,\\nand sent up workmen to assist the colonists in\\nclearing lands and erecting temporary dwellings,\\nwhich consisted of tents and sheds constructed\\nof rough planks. In a few weeks, the prepara-\\ntions for the accommodation of the settlers being\\nin a suitable state of forwardness, the whole\\nbody of Germans, in company with their pastors,\\nwent up to their new homes at Ebenezer. Here\\nin the wilderness of Georgia, far distant from\\nthe land of their birth and the graves of their", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0072.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCtlNBANTS. 65\\nfathers, these exiles ended their wanderings^\\nand found at last a resting-place, where, freed\\nfrom the censorship of man, and unawed by\\nfears of violence, they could enjoy repose and\\nworship God, under their own vine and fig-\\ntree. Hitherto they had been driven from\\nplace to place, and nowhere had they found\\nA sheltering home of sympath}^ and love.\\nBut now their conflicts were measurably ended.\\nThe providence of God had placed them beyond\\nthe reach of persecution, and they could erect\\ntheir spiritual temples, enjoy the teachings of\\ntheir faithful pastors, rear their offspring to\\nvirtue and to usefulness under the benign in\u00c2\u00bb\\nfluences of the gospel and living in the grateful\\nuse of the bounties of a kind Providence, and\\nthe faithful improvement of the means of grace,\\npass their days in contentment and peace, and\\nacquire continually a fitness for that still more\\nglorious heritage prepared for them in heaven.\\nWe may learn from the journal of Baron Von\\nReck how the Salzburgers esteemed their new\\nresidence. He states that the lands are en-\\nclosed between two rivers which fall into the\\nSavannah. The town is to be built near the\\nlargest, which is called Ebenezer, in remem-\\nbrance that God has brought them hither. It\\nis navigable, being twelve feet deep. A little\\nrivulet, whose water is clear as crystal, glides by\\nthe town. Another runs through it and both\\n0^", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0073.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "66 THE SALZBURQERS\\nfall into the Ebenezer. The woods here are not\\nso thick as in other places. The sweet zephyrs\\npreserve a delicious coolness, notwithstanding\\nthe scorching beams of the sun. There are very\\nfine meadows, in which a great quantity of hay\\nmight be made with very little trouble. The\\nhillocks are also very fit for vines. The cedar,\\nwalnut, pine, cypress, and oak make the great-\\nest part of the woods. There are likewise a\\ngreat quantity of myrtle-trees, out of which\\nthey extract, by boiling the berries, a green\\nwax very proper to make candles with. There\\nis much sassafras, and a great quantity of those\\nplants of which indigo is made, and an abun-\\ndance of China-root. The earth is so fertile,\\nthat it will bring forth any thing that can be\\nsown or planted in it, whether fruits, herbs, or\\ntrees. There are wild vines, which run up to\\nthe tops of the tallest trees, and the country is\\nso good that any one may ride in full gallop\\ntwenty or thirty miles. As to game, here are\\neagles, wild turkeys, roe-bucks, wild goats,\\nstags, wild cows, horses, hares, partridges, and\\nbuffaloes.\\nTo one living at this distant period, and who\\nis at all acquainted with the locality of old\\nEbenezer, and the general character of the sur-\\nrounding country, the above description by the\\nenthusiastic baron appears to partake somewhat\\nof the marvellous. We must either make con-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0074.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 67\\nsiderable allowances for the warmth of his ima-\\ngination, or conclude that the country has under-\\ngone a very great change. The site of their\\ntown was about four miles below Springfield, the\\npresent seat of justice for Effingham county, in\\na region which is composed of hills and plains\\nthat are very sterile, and upon which no one,\\nhaving a correct knowledge of the character of\\nthe soil, would ever think of settling a farm.\\nBut circumstanced as the Salzburgers were,\\nexiled from their country and worn out by the\\nfatigue of travelling both by sea and by land,\\nthey no doubt were inclined to regard with\\nfavour any spot, which promised them rest from\\ntheir toils and a period to their cruel suiferings.\\nUpon the arrival of the Salzburgers at Eben-\\nezer, it was deemed proper to assign a lot of\\nland to each family, according to the design of\\nthe Trustees. This having been done, arrange-\\nments were made for the erection of more per-\\nmament and comfortable dwellings, and a plan\\nwas adopted for a house of worship. But now\\nthese devoted people were to experience many\\nof the difficulties and hardships which are\\nalways incident upon a new settlement. In\\nbuilding their houses, they were very much hin\u00c2\u00bb\\ndered by the scarcity of materials. It is true,\\nthe Trustees had furnished a supply of plank\\nand other timber, but not in sufficient quantities\\nto meet the demand of the settlers. Besides,", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0075.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "68 THE SALZBURGERS\\nthere were among them very few mechanics and\\nnot being able to erect either saw or grist mills,\\ntheir situation became very trying. In a newly-\\nsettled country, too, the means of transportation\\nwere necessarily very limited; and having no\\nboats or wagons of their own, they were entirely\\ndependant on the government for the conveyance\\nof their supplies and such were the straits to\\nwhich they were at times reduced, that they\\nwere compelled to carry their provisions upon\\ntheir backs from Savannah, a distance of twenty-\\nfive miles. To add to their sufferings, much\\nsickness prevailed among them, superinduced no\\ndoubt, by exposure and excessive fatigue in a\\nwarm climate. The mortality which ensued was\\nvery distressing but we learn from the journal\\nof Pastor Bolzius, that those who became\\nvictims to disease and death endured their\\nafflictions with Christian resignation, and closed\\ntheir earthly pilgrimage with joy and triumph.\\nAmong those of whom special mention is\\nmade, was a Mrs. Goshwandel. Speaking of\\nher, Mr. Bolzius remarks It had pleased\\nAlmighty God to lead her through tedious and\\npainful hours previous to her death. She im-\\nproved the Passion Week to derive spiritual\\nstrength and comfort from contemplating the\\nsufferings of her Saviour, and would have been\\nrejoiced had the Lord called her home on the\\nanniversary of his death. No complaints es-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0076.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 69\\ncaped her lips; and wlien visitors noticed her\\ndistress, she would say Our Lord is kind to\\nme, and he can restore me, if it is his will, and\\nresignation to that will is all I desire. God\\ngranted her great comfort during the last mo-\\nments of her life.\\nSpeaking of a visit to another about the same\\ntime, Mr. Bolzius remarks Our sick friend\\nexpressed his dissatisfaction with himself on\\naccount of his negligence and carelessness\\ntoward all that was most valuable to man he\\nobserved that the zeal he had felt during the\\npersecutions in Salzburg had left him, which\\ngrieved him very much. He remembered per-\\nfectly well, he said, how the most ignorant peo-\\nple in Salzburg had frequently assembled in\\nmountains and among the cliffs of rocks for the\\npurpose of singing, praying, and the reading of\\nthe Scriptures, being full of hunger and thirst\\nafter the word and how they had experienced\\nthe goodness and mercy of God in these meet-\\nings. In this frame he expired. In recording\\nthe death of another person, this faithful pastor\\nsays To-day our friend departed this life.\\nIn the midst of great pain, her trust and con-\\nfidence were in the will of the Lord, and she\\nwas anxious to be with him.\\nHaving visited a sick man by the name of\\nSchofpach, the pastor states: I found him\\nvery low-spirited, and spoke to him about our", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0077.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "70 THE SALZBURGERS\\ndear Saviour, setting forth to him how we might\\nboth live and die happily in communion with\\nChrist. He assented to all that I had said, and\\nstated that he was now experiencing that man,\\nin himself, was nothing at all that sin was the\\ngreatest of all evils and that it was necessary\\nto treasure up much of the grace of God and\\nthe hopes of the gospel for the contest of the\\nlast hour. Having prayed with him, I left him\\nin hopes that the Lord would bless that visit.\\nA few days after, this man expired with a joyful\\nconfidence in the atonement of Christ.\\nThus it will be seen that death was making\\ninroads upon the infant town, and filling many\\na family wuth sorrow and mourning. But these\\nseemingly adverse circumstances were not with-\\nout their salutary effect, in checking every thing\\nlike worldly-mindedness and indifference to reli-\\ngious duty, and in endearing to the hearts of\\nthis people that religion, which could not only\\ncheer and support them under every trial of\\nlife, but was capable of imparting serenity and\\ntriumph in the hour of death. Amid all these\\nscenes of suffering and distress, the emigrants\\nlaboured patiently, though they were exposed to\\nsickness and hunger, and even death, hoping for\\nbetter and happier days.\\nSuch was the state of things at Ebenezer,\\nwhen a second party of emigrants arrived.\\nThese were likewise Salzburgers, who had been", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0078.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 71\\nsent over by the Trustees in the ship Prince\\nof Wales, which vessel left England in Novem-\\nber, 1734, and arrived in Georgia the early\\npart of the next year. This expedition, which\\nconsisted of fifty-seven persons, was conducted\\nby Mr. Vatt. On reaching Savannah, they im-\\nmediately set out to join their brethren at their\\nnew town. They were kindly received, and pro-\\nvision made for them as far as the means of the\\ncolonists would warrant. It was with difiiculty,\\nhowever, that they could be furnished with lodg-\\nings, and the stock of food in the colony was\\nnot very abundant. Nevertheless, by this ac-\\ncession to their numbers, the colonists were\\ngreatly benefited, for among the new comers\\nwere many mechanics, whose labours were of\\nessential service. By their aid, planks were soon\\nsawed, timber hewed, boards and shingles split,\\nand the good people went cheerfully to work to\\nimprove their dwellings. As to their church,\\nthey were compelled as yet to worship in a large\\nwooden tent, which during a part of the time\\nhad been the residence of their ministers. By\\ndegrees, many of their houses were finished and\\nhere in the wilderness of Georgia, upon the\\nvery borders of an Indian tribe, sprung up a\\nthrifty little town, with its humble cottages and\\nhere, far away from the abodes of civilization, a\\nChristian community was established, in which\\nthe pure doctrines of the gospel were taught,", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0079.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "t2\\nTHE SALZBURGERS\\nand God was worshipped in the simplicity and\\nsincerity which characterized the first ages of\\nthe church. Would to God that this state of\\nthings had always continued That it did not,\\nwas not attributable to any want of fidelity on\\nthe part of their religious teachers, or to any\\nheterodoxy in doctrine or laxity of discipline.\\nBut it will not do to anticipate the future.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0080.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 73\\nCHAPTER IV.\\nGeneral Oglethorpe visits England Favourable condition of the\\ncolony Trustees determine to send out reinforcements Aid\\nfrom British Parliament Character of the colonists engaged\\nHighlanders and Salzburgers Liberal terms proposed by the\\nTrustees Captain Hermsdorff and Baron Von Reck The Trus-\\ntees charter the London Merchant and the Symond The\\ngreat embarkation English and German emigrants Mora-\\nvians under Bishop Nitschman John and Charles Wesley\\nDeparture from England Storm at sea Effect of the conduct\\nof the Germans upon Mr. Wesley Testimony of Dr. Jackson,\\nPresident of British Conference Mr. Wesley s spiritual condi-\\ntion Conference with Mr. Spangenburg Influence of the Mo-\\nravians Rev. Peter Boehler Salzburgers confounded with the\\nMoravians Mistake of Mr. Bancroft Removal of Moravians\\nto Pennsylvania Mr. Wesley s religious experience Extract\\nfrom his journal Subsequent visit to England His conversion\\nLuther s preface to the Epistle to the Romans Mr. Wesley s\\npreaching after his conversion Forms Societies, the basis\\nof Wesleyan Methodism The Methodist Church a fruit of the\\nLutheran Reformation Arrival of the embarkation at Sa-\\nvannah Settlement of Salzburgers on St. Simon s Island\\nViews of the Germans in relation to war Reinforcement at\\nEbenezer Lutheran settlement at Frederica Rev. U. Dreisler\\nRevs. Bolzius and Gronau visit Savannah Conference with\\nGeneral Oglethorpe Salzburgers dissatisfied with their location,\\nand desire a change General Oglethorpe visits Ebenezer\\nReasons of the Salzburgers for desiring to remove General\\nOglethorpe s advice and kindness to the Salzburgers Change\\nof location determined upon.\\nThe affairs of the colonists, both at Savannah\\nand at Ebenezer, being considered in a favour-\\n7", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0081.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "74 THE SALZBURGEKS\\nable condition, General Oglethorpe determined\\nto visit his friends in England. Taking with\\nhim a number of Indians and other persons, he\\ndeparted from Savannah in the winter of 1734,\\nand arrived in England early the following\\nspring. His representations to the Trustees of\\nthe flattering prospects of their colony, induced\\nthat honourable body to resolve upon strength-\\nening it by sending out new settlers, and by\\ntaking the necessary steps to provide for its\\ngreater security.\\nIn July, 1735, publication was made, that the\\nTrustees would provide for the transportation\\nof a given number of such persons as might be\\napproved by them. The terms proposed were\\nso liberal, and the success of the colony being\\nno longer a matter of doubt, upward of twelve\\nhundred persons made application to be sent\\nover to Georgia. Though the funds of the\\nTrustees had been greatly increased by the very\\nliberal grant from the British Parliament of\\n\u00c2\u00a326,000, yet they did not feel warranted in\\ngiving encouragement to any but worthy per-\\nsons, and such as would be likely to prove of\\nadvantage to the colony. It was therefore re-\\nsolved that this embarkation should consist\\nchiefly of the Highlanders from Scotland and\\nthe persecuted Salzburgers from Germany.\\nIn accordance with this determination, the\\nTrustees invited one hundred Germans from the", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0082.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 75\\ncity of Ratisbon to remove to Georgia, and set-\\ntle under their patronage. They engaged to\\ngive them a free passage, with an ample supply\\nof sea-stores, and a freehold of fifty acres of\\nland to every settler, together with such an out-\\nfit of clothes, tools, and farming utensils, as\\nmight be deemed necessary. To these propo-\\nsals the Salzburgers consented, and about eighty\\nof them, under the conduct of Captain Herms-\\ndorf and Baron Von Reck, repaired to England\\nto avail themselves of the liberality of the\\nTrustees.\\nA sufiicient number of emigrants having been\\nsecured, the Trustees chartered for their trans-\\nportation two ships, the Symond,, of two hun-\\ndred tons. Captain Joseph Cornish, and the\\nLondon Merchant, of the same burden. Cap-\\ntain John Thomas. The whole number consisted\\nof two hundred and twenty-seven persons. This\\nwas called the great embarkation. Besides the\\nSalzburgers and a number from England, there\\nwere twenty-seven Moravians, under the care\\nof one of their bishops, the Rev. David Nitsch-\\nman. General Oglethorpe accompanied this ex-\\npedition, and took with him several English\\ngentlemen of distinction. Among the passen-\\ngers were Messrs. John and Charles Wesley,\\nthe former of whom was going to Georgia, by\\ninvitation of General Oglethorpe, to preach the\\ngospel to the Indians, and to improve, as far as", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0083.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "76 THE SALZBURGERS\\nmight be practicable, the moral and religious\\ncondition of the colony.\\nThe Sjmond and the London Merchant sailed\\nfrom Gravesend on the 20th of October, 1735,\\nunder convoy of His Majesty s sloop-of-war\\nHawk, Captain Gascoine. It was not, however,\\nuntil the 10th of December that they passed\\nthe Needles, and lost sight of the English coast.\\nThis voyage was a long and tempestuous one.\\nThere were frequent and violent storms, and on\\nseveral occasions the vessels were in imminent\\ndanger of being shipwrecked. During one of\\nthese terrible gales, an incident occurred, the\\nresults of which will in all probability be felt\\nuntil the end of time.\\nIt has been noticed that among the passen-\\ngers were Messrs. John and Charles Wesley.\\nThe former had received orders in the Church\\nof England, and was now on his voyage to en-\\ngage in the duties of his high vocation. The\\nGerman passengers, by their humble piety, had\\nattracted Mr. Wesley s attention, and awakened\\nin his mind special interest on their behalf;\\nand God, in his providence, seems to have\\ndesigned that they were to exercise an im-\\nportant influence upon his religious character\\nand his future history. On a Sabbath, about\\nnoon, while the Salzburgers and other Germans\\nwere engaged in public worship, a storm sud-\\ndenly arose, which seems to have surpassed in", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0084.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 7T\\nviolence every other that occurred during the\\nvoyage. Amid the commotion of the elements\\nnearly every heart quaked, and some almost\\ndied with fear. Mr. Wesley himself was\\nseriously alarmed at the imminent peril in\\nwhich he and his fellow-passengers were placed.\\nNotwithstanding his Christian profession, and his\\nrelation to the church as one of her accredited\\nministers, there was something wanting in his\\nspiritual experience to fortify his mind against\\nthe fear of death. But far otherwise were the\\nfeelings of the pious Salzburgers and Moravians.\\nWhile the tempest raged and the swelling billows\\nthreatened to engulf them, they calmly sang the\\npraises of God, and manifested the most per-\\nfect self-composure and exemption from all fear,\\nunder the most appalling circumstances.\\nWhen the tempest had subsided, Mr. Wesley\\ninquired of one of the Germans, Were you not\\nafraid? He mildly replied, I thank God, no I\\nBut were not your women and children afraid\\nHe answered, No our women and children\\nare not afraid to die Dr. Jackson, President\\nof the British Conference, speaking of this oc\u00c2\u00bb\\ncurrence in his Centenary of Methodism, re-\\nmarks In these strangers the English Metho-\\ndists beheld Christianity in a light more gentle,\\nattractive, and consoling than that in which\\nthey had ever before seen it-\\nIn storms and hurricanes, when others were", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0085.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "78 THE SALZBURGERS\\nready to die with fear, they calmly sang the\\npraises of God, expressing a cheerful confidence\\nand resignation in the prospect of immediately\\nperishing in the great deep. With the tempers\\nof these people the Wesleys were, at this time,\\npersonally unacquainted. Neither of them was\\ndelivered from the fear of death, and they had\\nno just conception of the holy cheerfulness\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0which is produced by an application of the blood\\nof Christ to the conscience, and the abiding\\nwitness and operations of the heavenly Com-\\nforter. Theirs was a religion of fear and mor-\\ntification, rather than of holy peace and joy.\\nIt was under these circumstances that Mr.\\nWesley s attention was for the first time arrested\\nto his spiritual condition and now he realized\\nwhat he had never done before, the groundless-\\nness of his religious hopes, and his destitution\\nof that religious faith which is necessary to\\njustify the sinner and impart perfect peace to\\nthe mind.\\nThe impressions made upon Mr. Wesley by\\nthe conduct of these Germans during the voyage\\nwere strengthened upon his arrival at Savannah.\\nHere he was introduced to Mr. Spangenburg,\\none of the Moravian pastors, who had reached\\nthat place some time previously. Mr. Wesley\\nimmediately applied to this devoted man for ad-\\nvice in reference to his future course. Mr.\\nSpangenburg, in complying with Mr. Wesley s", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0086.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 79\\nwishes, questioned him very closely concerning\\nhis religious experience. This conversation,\\nwhile it revealed more fully to Mr. Wesley his\\nignorance of experimental religion, also ex-\\nplained the cause of those fears which he had\\nexperienced during the storm at sea. His\\nheart was not yet right in the sight of God.\\nIt will not be denied that Mr. Wesley re-\\nceived more instruction from the Moravians than\\nfrom the Salzburgers and he himself declares\\nthat he had derived more light from the Rev.\\nPeter Boehler than from any other man with\\nwhom he had ever conversed. But still it will\\nbe manifest to every impartial mind that is fami-\\nliar with all the facts, that Mr. Wesley beheld\\nin the persons of the Germans who were his\\nfellow-passengers, and by far the great majority\\nof whom were Salzburgers, the first practical\\nillustration of the happy influence of genuine\\npiety upon the disposition, afi ections, and gene-\\nral deportment of those who have experienced\\nit. Whatever benefit Mr. Wesley may have\\nsubsequently received from the Moravians, and\\nespecially from Mr. Boehler, it is clear, that it\\nwas through his intercourse with the Salzbur-\\ngers and other Germans at sea, under the cir-\\ncuriistances already mentioned, that he obtained\\nviews of the true state of his own soul which\\nhe had never before experienced, and realized\\nfor the first time his want of that acceptance", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0087.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "80 THE SALZBURG ERS\\nwith God which is necessary to tranquillize the\\nheart, and give serenity to the conscience, under\\nall the varied circumstances of life.\\nThe question might be asked, why does Mr.\\nWesley make such particular mention of the Mo-\\nravians, and the instructions which he had re-\\nceived from their pastors, while he says nothing\\nof the Salzburgers, who were Lutherans The\\nanswer to this question is, that Mr. Wesley\\nseems not to have distinguished the former\\nfrom the latter, their characters being so very\\nsimilar and hence he speaks of them all as\\nGermans.\\nA similar error has been committed by Mr.\\nBancroft in his history of the United States.\\nIn every instance in which he speaks of the\\nGerman colonists at Ebenezer, he calls them\\nMoravians. It is time that these false im-\\npressions had been removed.\\nThe Moravians never made any permanent\\nsettlement in Georgia. When the Spanish war\\nbroke out, they removed, almost to a man, to\\nthe State of Pennsylvania, because it was con-\\ntrary to their religious faith to take up arms in\\nany cause. Hence, they never left the impress\\nof their peculiar tenets and usages upon any por-\\ntion of the colony.\\nBeside this, the pastors of the Moravians\\nwere with them, and it was very natural that\\nMr. Wesley should look to them for instruction", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0088.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "AND THEin DESCENDANTS. 81\\nbut the Salzburgers were unaccompanied by\\nany spiritual teacher, their pastors having been\\nsettled at Ebenezer for nearly two years. Now,\\nwhatever may have been the causes operating\\nupon Mr. Wesley afterward, and by what means\\nsoever he was more fully indoctrinated in the\\nessential principles of Christianity, it must still\\nremain true, that it was at sea, while sailing\\nwith the German emigrants, that the practical\\ninfluence of evangelical religion was first real-\\nized by him; and it may not be assuming too\\nmuch to express the opinion that, but for his\\nintercourse with the Salzburgers and other Ger-\\nmans, connected with the peculiar incidents of\\nthis voyage, he might have long remained un-\\nconscious of his spiritual condition, and he\\nmight possibly never have realized it. For, as\\nhe himself remarks, I was ignorant of the na-\\nture of saving faith, apprehending it to mean no\\nmore than a firm assent to all the propositions\\ncontained in the Old and New Testament.\\nTwo years after his first visit to Georgia, Mr.\\nWesley returned to England, and shortly after\\nhis arrival he made the following note in his\\njournal It is now two years and nearly four\\nmonths since I went to America to teach the\\nGeorgia Indians the nature of Christianity but\\nwhat have I learned of myself in the mean\\ntime why (what of all I least expected) that I,\\nwho went to America to convert others, was", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0089.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "THE SALZBURGERS\\nnever myself converted to God. It is a mat-\\nter of history, that subsequently Mr. Wesley\\nwas converted at a prayer-meeting, which he\\nattended among the Moravians in Aldersgate\\nstreet, London, while one was reading Luther s\\npreface to Paul s Epistle to the Romans, in\\nwhich the great Reformer has given such a\\nclear elucidation of the doctrine of justification\\nhy faith.\\nNo sooner was Mr. Wesley converted, than\\nhe commenced to preach the great doctrines of\\nrepentance and faith, and the necessity of a\\nradical change of heart and life to all who\\nwould secure their salvation. The proclama-\\ntion of these doctrines in England, where reli-\\ngion in the Established Church had degenerated\\ninto a lifeless formality, together with the ear-\\nnest and convincing manner in which he enforced\\nthem, aroused against him so strong a prejudice,\\nthat he was, as if by common consent, excluded\\nfrom the churches of the Establishment, and was\\ncompelled to preach in the open air. One\\nmeasure naturally led to another, and soon Mr.\\nWesley found it necessary to form those So-\\ncieties which afterward became the basis of\\nthat ecclesiastical organization known as Wes-\\nleyan Methodism; a system, whose beneficial\\neffects upon the spiritual condition of the world,\\nhave been seen and felt in almost every part of\\nthe globe, and will no doubt continue to exert a", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0090.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 83\\nwider and still wider influence until the end of\\ntime.\\nIt is, therefore, not assuming too much, to say\\nthat Mr. Wesley s conversion and the establish-\\nment of the Methodist Church may be regarded\\nas the legitimate fruits of the Lutheran Refor-\\nmation. And it is an easy matter, in this view\\nof the subject, to account for the striking simi-\\nlarity which exists between the doctrines of the\\nLutheran and Methodist churches.\\nIn contemplating these occurrences, we are\\nconstrained to admire the mysterious combina-\\ntion of circumstances by which God accom-\\nplishes some of his most gracious purposes.\\nWe see in the German exiles, who were fellow-\\npassengers with Mr. Wesley, a band of faithful\\ndisciples, flying from religious intolerance in the\\nland of their nativity, and seeking for freedom\\nof conscience in a distant country. Going forth\\nupon their pilgrimage, they are, in the providence\\nof God, brought in contact with a personage\\nof great genius and learning, upon whose heart\\ntheir exemplary deportment and calm and hea-\\nvenly temperament make a lasting impression\\nand he subsequently becomes, through the trans-\\nforming power of the gospel, a chosen instru-\\nment, by which is put in motion the greatest\\nmoral revolution that has occurred since the\\nReformation by Luther. Thus, while the Chris-\\ntian pilgrim wanders to and fro in the earth,", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0091.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "84 THE SALZBURGERS\\nan outcast from his country, and exposed to pri-\\nvation and danger, he is made to sow, broad-cast\\nas it were, the seed of divine truth and the fruit\\nof that sowing is seen increasing from gene-\\nration to generation, and extending even to\\nthe latest period of time. Thus strangely, yet\\nwisely, does God execute his merciful designs.\\nOh the depth of riches, both of the wisdom\\nand knowledge of God! How unsearchable\\nare his judgments, and his ways past finding\\nout!\\nBut we must resume the thread of our narra-\\ntive. The whole embarkation reached Georgia\\nin safety, early in the month of February, 1736.\\nGeneral Oglethorpe proceeded immediately to\\narrange the colonists, and to send them to their\\nrespective places of destination. It would ap-\\npear that it was originally designed that a great\\nportion of the Salzburgers who came over at this\\ntime were to go to the southward, and aid in\\nestablishing the town of Frederica, on St. Simon s\\nIsland, where it was proposed also to erect a\\nfort and plant a garrison, to protect the frontier\\nsettlements. As, however, the Salzburgers mani-\\nfested an unwillingness to go to the south.\\nGeneral Oglethorpe did not insist upon it. The\\nreasons assigned by these pious men for this\\ncourse were, that from the rumours w^hich they\\nhad heard of the threatened invasion of Georgia\\nby the Spaniards, their position at Frederica\\ni", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0092.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 85\\nmight render it necessary for them to take up\\narms, and as fighting was against their reli-\\ngion, they preferred not to place themselves in\\na situation where they would be compelled to do\\nviolence to their consciences. Besides, at the\\nnew settlement there would be no church, at least\\nnot for some time, and they therefore preferred\\nto go to Ebenezer, where a congregation of\\ntheir own people was already organized, and\\nthey could enjoy the instructions of the two\\npious ministers who resided there. However,\\nalthough this was the feeling of the great mass\\nof Germans, Captain Hermsdorf succeeded in\\nraising a small company of volunteers, and they\\noffered their services to General Oglethorpe,\\nwho requested that they might be put upon any\\nservice that might be deemed necessary. This\\ncompany was accordingly ordered to Frederica,\\nto aid in the defence of that place. It became\\nthe nucleus for a Lutheran church, which was\\norganized in 1735, under the pastoral care of\\nthe Rev. Ulrich Driesler, a German missionary,\\nsent over by the Trustees, and supported from\\ntheir funds.\\nFrom the conduct of the Salzburgers on this\\noccasion, we may learn something of the spirit\\nwhich governed all their actions. Their reli-\\ngion taught them that war is inconsistent with\\nthe genius of Christianity, and is therefore to\\nbe avoided. As their spiritual improvement was\\n8", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0093.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "86 THE SALZBURGEKS\\nof more importance than any worldly advan-\\ntages which they might enjoy in other portions\\nof the colony, they chose to relinquish these ad-\\nvantages, rather than forego the enjoyment of\\nthe preached word and the ordinances of the\\nsanctuary. For these reasons the great majority\\nof the Germans were allowed to go to Ebenezer,\\nwhich they did without delay. Their arrival\\nwas hailed with much joy, and many were the\\nkind greetings which these brethren exchanged\\nupon being brought together under such favour-\\nable auspices. Thus, from the 12th of March,\\n1734, to the 8th of February, 1736, the day on\\nwhich this last company arrived, about two hun-\\ndred Salzburgers were settled at Ebenezer.\\nAbout this time Messrs. Bolzius and Gronau\\nvisited Savannah, to confer with General Ogle-\\nthorpe in reference to the propriety of changing\\nthe location of the town. These gentlemen\\nstated that there was very great dissatisfaction\\namong their people; and they represented the\\ncolony at Ebenezer as being in such an unfa-\\nvourable condition, that the general deemed it\\nadvisable for him to visit that place immediately.\\nFor this purpose he set out on the 10th of Feb-\\nruary, in company with the two ministers.\\nOn reaching Ebenezer, where he was received\\nwith every mark of consideration due to his sta-\\ntion, he patiently inquired into the causes of\\ndiscontent among the people. These were various.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0094.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 87\\nThey had been disappointed in the character of\\nthe soil, and their lands had not yielded them\\nany thing like an adequate support. The climate\\nhad proved very unhealty, and many of their\\nnumbers had fallen victims to disease. Besides,\\nthe impracticability of navigating to any advan-\\ntage the stream upon which their town was\\nlocated, rendered their situation peculiarly dis-\\ntressing.\\nThese reasons were not without weight, espe-\\ncially the latter. Here it may not be improper\\nto inform the reader of the character of the\\nwatercourse upon which the Salzburgers origi-\\nnally settled. It is not properly a river, but a\\ncreek, which at times is swollen to a considerable\\nsize; and there is in Georgia hardly another\\nStream so serpentine in its course, and so diffi-\\ncult to traverse. Some idea may be formed on\\nthis subject, when it is stated that although\\nthe distance from old Ebenezer to the Savannah\\nriver by land does not exceed six miles, the dis-\\ntance by the course of the creek is not less than\\ntiventy-jive. Farms situated on its banks within\\ntwo and three miles of each other, cannot be\\nreached by water without travelling five to eight\\nmiles. It will thus be seen, that the difficulty\\nof navigating this creek, which was the only out-\\nlet to the Savannah river, did furnish reasonable\\ncause for dissatisfaction. The other grounds\\nof complaint were equally worthy of considera-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0095.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "88 THE SALZCURGERS\\ntion. There had been considerable mortality\\namong the settlers, and the products of their\\nfarms had been so inadequate to their wants,\\nthat, but for the occasional supplies furnished by\\nthe Trustees from the public stores, their situa-\\ntion would have been very deplorable.\\nGeneral Oglethorpe listened patiently to all\\nthe statements of the Salzburgers, and then coun-\\nselled them with the kindness and frankness of\\nan aifectionate parent. He admitted that their\\ndissatisfaction was not groundless, and that there\\nwere many embarrassments connected with their\\nsituation but still their situation was not without\\nits advantages. They had cleared their lands,\\nerected dwellings, and made considerable pro-\\ngress with their town. If now they should re-\\nmove, such a measure would be attended with\\ngreat trouble and privation. The labour which\\nthey had expended would be all lost, and their cir-\\ncumstances, now sufficiently embarrassing, would\\nbe rendered still more so by the inconveniences\\nand hardships of making a new settlement. He\\nwas also satisfied, from his acquaintance with the\\nsituation of the country to which they desired\\nto remove, that as soon as the forests should be\\ncleared, and the lands brought under cultivation,\\nthey would again be subject to the diseases pecu-\\nliar to the climate, and w^ould be forced to leave\\nthe neighbourhood. Still, if they persisted in\\ntheir wishes, he would not oppose them, but", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0096.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 89\\nwould assist them, as far as practicable, in car-\\nrying out their designs. Subsequent events\\nproved too painfully, the foresight and correct\\njudgment of General Oglethorpe, and what was\\nthen merely an opinion, is now a matter of Azs-\\ntory. The general, having discharged his duty,\\nin giving the Salzburgers such advice as was\\ncalled for by the occasion, returned to Savannah,\\nand left them to adopt such measures as they\\nmight deem most likely to promote their com-\\nfort and their interest.\\nImmediately upon the departure of General\\nOglethorpe, the Salzburgers held a consultation\\nin reference to the expediency of seeking a new\\nsettlement. After giving the subject a serious\\nand prayerful consideration, it was decided that\\nit was not only desirable, but absolutely indis-\\npensable to the prosperity of the colony, to seek\\na more favourable locality. Thus, after remain\\ning at old Ebenezer for only two years, it was\\nfound necessary to abandon it.\\n8*", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0097.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "90 THE SALZBURGERS.\\nCHAPTER V.\\nNew Ebenezer Its location, and the plan upon -which it was laid\\nout The environs of tho town Its rapid growth Municipal\\nand other regulations\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Rules originally adopted for the govern-\\nment of the congregation The duties of pastors set forth\\nElders and wardens Parochial schools Church members, c.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Dr. H. M. Muhlenberg Salaries of the pastors Their re-\\nsponsibilities Relation to the church in Germany\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Sale of rum\\nprohibited, and the introduction of Negro slaves Effects of\\nthese regulations on the colony at Ebenezer Mr. Bolzius,\\nRev. George Whitfield, and Baron Von Reck on slavery Posi-\\ntion of Mr. Bolzius Views of Hon. James Habersham and\\nRev. S. Urlsperger Controversy settled, and slavery allowed\\nThe Salzburgers and the Lutheran Church in Germany Libe-\\nrality of the latter Education\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Bethany church Favour-\\nable condition of the settlement Religious character of the\\ninhabitants Their industry, frugality, fec. Letter of Mr. Bol-\\nzius Rev. George Whitefield at Ebenezer His testimony in\\nfavour of the Salzburgers He visits the Orphan House Let-\\nter of Thomas Jones Principal settlers at Ebenezer, up to\\n1741 The invasion of Georgia by Spaniards Another letter\\nof Mr. Bolzius Extracts from his journal Statement of Mr.\\nBenjamin Martyn New arrivals Emigrants bind themselves\\nas servants Frederick Helfenstein Lutheran church in Sa-\\nvannah founded Rev. U. Driesler His death Rev. Mr.\\nZublii The town of Frederica Dr. H. M. Muhlenberg visits\\nEbenezer Mr. Gronau Jerusalem church at Ebenezer\\nZion s church Extracts from Mr. Bolzius journal Death\\nof Mr. Gronau.\\nThe site selected for a new town was on a\\nhigh ridge within a short distance of the river,", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0098.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 91\\nand which, from the peculiar colour of the soil\\non the margin of the water, was called Red\\nBluff. The spot was quite a romantic one. On\\nthe east, lay the Savannah with its broad, smooth\\nsurface, and its ever-varying and beautiful\\nscenery. On the south was a small stream, then\\ncalled Little Creek, but now known as Lockner s\\nCreek, and a large lake called Neidlinger s\\nSea. While to the north, not very distant\\nfrom the town, was to be seen their old acquaint-\\nance, Ebenezer Creek, sluggishly winding its\\nway to mingle with the waters of the Savannah.\\nThe surrounding country was gently undulating,\\nand covered with a fine growth of forest- trees,\\nwhile the jessamine, the woodbine, and the beau-\\ntiful azalia, with its variety of gaudy colours,\\nadded a peculiar richness to the picturesque\\nscene. But unfortunately for the permament\\nprosperity of the town, it was surrounded on\\nthree sides by low swamps, which were subject\\nto periodical inundation, and consequently gene-\\nrated a poisonous miasma prejudicial to the\\nhealth of the inhabitants.\\nThe new town was laid off after the plan of\\nthe city of Savannah, and covered an area of a\\nquarter of a mile square. This space was di-\\nvided into small squares, each containing ten\\nbuilding lots, and the latter numbered one hun-\\ndred and sixty. Three wide streets passed\\nthrough the town from east to west, which were", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0099.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "92 THE SALZBURGERS\\nintersected at right angles by four others run-\\nning from north to south; beside which there\\nwere a number of narrow lanes, but these ex-\\ntended in only one direction -north and south.\\nFour squares were appropriated to the sale of\\nproduce, and called market-places, and four\\nwere reserved as public parks or promenade\\ngrounds. Two-thirds of a square were appro-\\npriated to the church, parsonage, and academy,\\nand an equal quantity to the orphan asylum and\\nthe public storehouse respectively. On the\\neast, a short distance from the town, was the\\ncemetery. On the north and east was a large\\npasture for cattle, and on the south was one for\\nsheep and goats. On the north and south, gar-\\nden-lots were laid out, and still farther south,\\nbeyond Little Creek and Mill Creek, and upon\\ntheir waters, the farms were located, each farm\\nconsisting of fifty acres. The country to the\\nnorth, beyond Ebenezer Creek, was occupied\\nby the Uchee Indians, that section not having\\nbeen included in any of the grants made by\\nthem to the Trustees. The v/hole plan of the\\ntown, with its environs, was well conceived, and\\none can but admire the great judgment displayed\\nin the whole arrangement.\\nIn the course of a few years, Ebenezer be-\\ngan to give evidences of its future growth and\\nprosperity. Houses were again erected. Gar-\\ndens and farms were enclosed and brought under\\nJ", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0100.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 93\\ncultivation, and the community assumed an air\\nof great activity and industry. Whether it was\\nowing to the want of means, or materials, or\\nboth, there was no church erected here for seve-\\nral years as, however, funds had been received\\nfrom Germany for the establishment of an\\norphan asylum, and as that building was among\\nthe first that was erected, it was temporarily\\nused as a place of worship.\\nHaving now described the location of Eben-\\nezer and its environs, it may be proper here to\\nnotice the government under which the colony\\nwas placed. As a religious community, the\\nSalzburgers may be properly viewed as a mis-\\nsionary station, under the fostering care of the\\nEnglish Society for the Propagation of Christian\\nKnowledge, and the Evangelical Lutheran Church\\nin Germany. It was required of the pastors\\nand each member of the congregation to sub-\\nscribe to the Augsburg Confession and the\\nSymbolical Books, and to submit to a code\\nof regulations drawn up by the Rev. Samuel\\nUrlsperger of Augsburg, Rev. Frederick M. Zei-\\ngenhagen of London, and Rev. Gotthelf Augustus\\nFranckd of Halle. These regulations were pre-\\npared in 1733, and continued in force, with some\\nfew alterations, (which were made principally by\\nDr. Muhlenburg, in 1774,) until 1843. It is not\\nasserting too much to say, that no better church-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0101.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "94 THE SALZBURGERS\\ndiscipline is needed than that laid down in these\\nregulations.\\nWe insert here a copy of the original rules,\\nwith a view to show the character of the disci-\\npline which our pious forefathers adopted for\\nthe government of the churches. It is worthy\\nof preservation, both on account of its antiquity\\nand its intrinsic excellence. It reads thus\\nIn the name of God: The fundamental constitution,\\narticles, and rules upon which a German Evangelical\\nLutheran congregation was formally established, upon\\nthe basis of the Holy Bible, our Augsburg Confession,\\n(and the other Symbolical Books,) since the year 1733,\\nin and about Ebenezer, in His Great Britannic Majesty s\\nprovince of Georgia and which were unanimously ap-\\nproved, confirmed, and unalterably determined upon, un-\\nder hand and seal, by the reverened founders, viz. Messrs.\\nSamuel Urlsperger, Frederick Michael Zeigenhagen, Gott-\\nhelf Augustus Francke, most worthy members of the\\nvenerable society in England, instituted for the promo-\\ntion of the knowledge of Christ together with the first\\nministers, elders, deacons, and regular church-members.\\nHis Great Britannic Protestant Majesty s faithful sub-\\njects. (Vide Preface to the first article of the Ameri-\\ncanische Ackerwerck Gottes, p. 3.)\\nCHAPTER I.\\nThat no congregation can preserve its establishment\\nand regulations, and maintain good order for the further-\\nance of its true interests, unless there be elected as dea-\\ncons men who are members of the congregation, and\\nwho have both the qualifications and authority to provide\\nfor the maintenance of good regulation and wholesome\\ndiscipline of the whole congregation, is taught by sound\\nreason, the Holy Scriptures, and experience. Therefore,\\nI", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0102.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 95\\nas wc are taught in the important admonition contained\\nin the last verse of the fourteenth chapter of 1 Cor.: Let\\nall things be done decently and orderly/ (or in accord-\\nance with good regulations and decorum.) And that we\\nmay be the more encouraged to obey this injunction, the\\nholy apostle declares, in the twenty-eighth verse of the\\ntwelfth chapter, preceding, that God, being a God of\\norder in his churches purchased with a precious price,\\nappointed not only apostles, prophets, and ministers,^ but\\nalso adjutors and rulers: that is, men highly gifted and\\nfavoured, who have, both by word and in deed, contri-\\nbuted, as the wants and ordinances of the churches re-\\nquired, every thing that was possible for the good regu-\\nlation and the maintainment of the churches. It is also\\na fact, clearly taught by the word of God, that such men\\nwere appointed in the church of God, even in the Old\\nTestament dispensation, from the time of Moses, for the\\npurpose of maintaining good order. Accordingly, it is\\nin perfect keeping with the will of God and the example,\\nnot only of the primitive, but also of the succeeding\\nChristian churches, that such church elders, or adjutors\\nand rulers, have been jointly elected by the whole con-\\ngregation also among us, whose duty it is to promote\\nthe best interests of this our parish, as is directed by the\\nEnglish ecclesiastical canon. As, however, our congre-\\ngation does not properly belong to the English Church,\\nand consequently cannot, in all points, exist under its\\necclesiastical canon, but must enact its own regulations\\nfor the worship of God and for edification, it becomes\\nnecessary for the members of our congregation to invest\\nthe proposed church-elders, as is the practice of the\\nEvangelical Lutheran Church in London, (and others\\nwhich need not be mentioned,) with special authority to\\nsupport our congregation and intrust to them also their\\nestablishments and regulations. For all this, if made\\nincumbent upon the ministers alone, is a burden far too\\nonerous and insupportable.\\nIf, now, men thus chosen and empowered are to pro-\\nmote by word and in deed, both the existence and the", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0103.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "96 THE SALZBURGEKS\\nwelfare of the congregation, so that it may endure and\\nbe maintained by its establishments and regulations\\nand as such well-being of the congregation cannot be\\npromoted without means, it follows quite naturally, that\\nthe requisite means must be placed in their hands by the\\nmembers of the congregation, as is done by the Evan-\\ngelical Lutheran Congregation in London, before alluded\\nto, and also by all other Christian congregations.\\nHence, inasmuch as the government, or the English\\necclesiastical constitution, provides nothing for this pur-\\npose, and as, in consequence of the troublesome and war-\\nlike times in our German fatherland, we cannot, with\\ncertainty, expect as much aid as was received in former\\nyears from our beloved benefactors in Germany, toward\\nthe maintainment of our church and school establish-\\nments, and also tov;ard the alleviation of the wants of\\nthe poor and sick, it becomes a stern demand of necessity,\\nthat is, the honour of God and our spiritual welfare re-\\nquire, that the members of the congregation bind them-\\nselves, in love, mutually to contribute from year to year\\nas much money as is and will continue to be requisite to\\nthe support of the school-teachers, and the preservation\\nof the church and school ediJBces and the parsonage.\\nThose persons, therefore, who are members of the con-\\ngregation, and who are desirous of participating in its\\nspiritual benefit and privileges, will, it is hoped, also be\\ndisposed to lend their assistance in bearing the expenses\\nof the congregation, by contributing cheyfully their\\nshare toward the sustainment of the said proposed regu-\\nlations and establishments. Those, however, who are\\nunwilling to take upon themselves any of the labours,\\nand who will not perform what is their covenant duty\\nwith feelings of gratitude, notwithstanding their ability\\nto do so, debar themselves and their families, by these\\nvery means from the congregation and its spiritual bene-\\nfits which will not surely tend to their advantage God\\nloveth a cheerful giver. *He that soweth bountifully,\\nshall reap also bountifully. 2 Cor. ix. 6, 7, 8; (ix. 10.)\\nSuch as are members of this our evangelical congregation,", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0104.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 97\\nand are willing to contribute as much as may, from time\\nto time be found requisite, according to the amount\\nwhich the appointed church-deacons may compute and\\ndeem proper, toward the support of the school-teachers,\\nthe parsonage, the church, and school edifices, and also\\nthe supplying of any other necessities, will please sub-\\nscribe their names to this writing, and annex the sum\\nthat they will give. And as, through the gracious pro-\\nvidence of God, our beloved inhabitants have, in this re-\\nspect, a great advantage in point of privilege and ease\\nfrom cares over many other Christian congregations, be-\\ncause they are not required to compensate their pastors,\\nnor minister to their temporal support, it is expected\\nthat they will be the more prompt in contributing their\\nquota toward the sustainment of the above regulations\\nand establishments, which are designed for the support\\nof the congregation and the upholding of the worship of\\nGod. They should even rejoice that the opportunity is\\nafforded them to manifest the activity of their faith,\\nthrough the love of God, to his word, the church, and\\nthe schools but when there is no active love, there is\\nno true faith. Show me thy faith by thy works.*\\nJames ii. 18.\\nFinally, touching the office and duties of the church-\\nelders, in regard to the ministers in the churches, the\\nteachers in the schools, the whole congregation, and the\\nmoney intrusted to them, it shall, in conclusion, be indi-\\ncated in the words of the printed London German Church\\nDiscipline, given to us, altered, however, in several in-\\nstances, to accord with our peculiar circumstances, as\\nfollows\\n1st. They shall employ the utmost diligence in pro-\\nviding that the word of God be declared unto the Chris-\\ntians of our congregation, in its purity and without ad-\\nmixture, by pious teachers and ministers that the holy\\nsacraments enjoined and instituted by our Lord Jesus\\nChrist be administered, and that the pure doctrines be\\npreserved and transmitted to our posterity. And in\\norder that this object may be attained, somo of thom, at\\ny", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0105.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "98 THE SALZBURG ERS\\nleast, in case all cannot, shall always be present when\\nthe word is preached.\\n2d. It shall be their duty to see that the school-teach-\\ners receive duly their stipulated salary semi-anuually\\nlikewise, that every thing else which may concern the\\ncongregation be fully performed. For this purpose they\\nshall also collect, half-yearly, the contributions of the\\ncongregation, and enter the receipts regularly into the\\nchurch register. They shall also, semi-annually, receive\\nfrom the parents whose children receive instruction in\\nthe schools, a certain amount of payment for tuition,\\nproportionate to their means so that the contribu-\\ntion of the whole congregation for the defrayment\\nof tlie congregational expenses, may be somewhat\\ndiminished.\\n3d. The church-deacons shall make it their duty, in\\nconjunction with the ministers, to see that all sins, dis-\\ngraceful conduct, and scandal be avoided or, otherwise,\\nduly punished and corrected.\\n4th. They shall keep a particular account of all ex-\\npenditures made on behalf of the congregation, and also\\nof every thing which any one may have voluntarily vowed\\nor promised to give toward the support of the churches.\\nAnd, after the expiration of his office, each one shall\\nsubmit his account to all the other church-deacons col-\\nlectively.\\n5th. They shall, at the end of the year, and when\\nleaving their office and service, render an account to the\\ncontributing portion of the congregation, of all the money\\nwhich they received during their official year for the use\\nof the church so that each one may know how the funds\\nof the congregation are applied and expended, and thus\\nbe the more willing to contribute again.\\n6th. They shall submit the church register to the in\\nspection of any one of the contributors who may desire\\nto see how the money has been employed.\\n7th. Those church-deacons who have served their\\nterra of office shall be in duty bound to assist on all oc-\\ncasions, by word or deed, at the meetings of the deacons", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0106.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 99\\nand of the congregation, if desired; und when cited to do\\nso, they shall appear without refusal.\\n8th. The church-deacons newly inducted, and at all\\ntimes those coming into office successively, shall also bo\\nheld responsible for the performance and fulfilment of all\\nmeasures which may have been resolved and agreed upon\\nby their predecessors, conducive to the tranquillity, peace,\\nprosperity, and advantage of the congregation.\\n9th. On those Sabbaths when the Lord s Supper is\\nadministered, they shall also stand at the doors of the\\nchurch with suitable vessels (dishes or bowls) to receive\\nand collect from the congregation while leaving the\\nchurch, gifts and contributions for the benefit of tho\\nchurch and the poor. It is also reasonably expected that\\nnot only residents should contribute something for the\\nadministration of the rite of baptism, the performance\\nof the marriage ceremony, and for the celebration of tho\\nLord s Supper, but strangers should also be held to the\\nperform.ance of this duty. For if the congregation is not\\nsustained by its institutions, these can also not enjoy\\nthe privileges mentioned.\\nThese above-mentioned deacons, of whom not less\\nthan seven shall be elected annually from among the\\nmembers of our Evangelical Lutheran congregation, con-\\nscientiously and according to the best of their knowledge,\\nhave the power to apply the money intrusted to them to\\nthis purpose yet, in very important matters, as when a\\nchurch is to be built, or an important repair is to be un-\\ndertaken, c., the acquicsence and approval of the whole\\ncongregation convened in mass must be obtained. To\\nthese establishments may God, who is a God of order,\\nadd his heavenly grace, for the sake of Jesus Christ!\\nAmen.^\\nIt has been stated that this was the origi-\\nnal discipline, subsequently amended by Dr.\\nMuhlenburg in 1774. It is impossible to state\\nto what extent it was altered, but that Dr. Muli-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0107.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "100 THE SALZBURGERS\\nlenburg made some additions to it, and changed\\nseveral of the articles, cannot be questioned. In\\nanother place it will be necessary to refer again\\nto the subject of church discipline, when a\\nsynopsis will be given of the one signed by the\\npastors, elders, and deacons, and all the male\\nmembers of church, in 1774 and 1775.\\nIt will be seen, from this extract, that the\\nprincipal objects for which collections were made\\nin the congregation, were the proper support of\\nschools, the relief of widows, orphans, and the\\nsuperannuated, and the maintenance of the church\\nedifice, whenever erected. It is worthy of re-\\nmark that the salaries for the support of the\\npastors at Ebenezer were for many years con-\\ntributed by the patrons of the church in Ger-\\nmany. At first, the amount allowed was about\\nforty pounds for the senior pastor, and thirty\\npounds for his assistant. This allowance con-\\ntinued until 1770, when Rev. Mr. Urlsperger de-\\ncided that the salaries should not be less than sixty\\npounds and fifty pounds, respectively, and that\\nthe deficiency should be made up from the re-\\nvenues arising from those institutions which had\\nbeen founded by European benefactions.\\nThe civil and military afi airs of the entire\\ncolony, including the settlements at Ebenezer,\\nSavannah, Frederica, c., were under the con-\\ntrol of the Trustees, who, through their agent,\\nGeneral Oglethorpe, assigned lands to the colo-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0108.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 101\\nnists, planned and laid oiF towns, built fortifica-\\ntions, and so regulated the whole industrial\\neconomy as in his judgment was best calculated\\nto promote the welfare of the settlers and carry\\nout the designs of the Trustees.\\nThe immediate superintendence of the settle-\\nment at Ebenezer was assigned to the Rev. John\\nMartin Bolzius and his colleague, Mr. Gronau;\\nand we doubt very much if the affairs of the\\ncolony could have been more judiciously ma-\\nnaged than they were by these eminently pious\\nand prudent men. Their duties were at times\\nnot only arduous, but distressingly embarrassing;\\nbut they performed them with a conscientious\\nfaithfulness worthy of all praise, and with a de-\\ngree of success that is truly surprising. Sus-\\ntaining an indirect relation to the Trustees in\\nEngland, and a direct connection with the\\nsociety above mentioned, (from whom they de-\\nrived part of their support,) as well as with the\\nLutheran Church in Germany, and having to\\nsuperintend and manage the civil, as well as the\\necclesiastical interests of the colony, it required\\nno small degree of judgment and discretion to\\nmeet the wishes of their benefactors in England\\nand their Christian friends and advisers in Ger-\\nmany. But we believe they fulfilled their trust\\nto the satisfaction of all parties.\\nAmong the municipal regulations adopted by\\nthe Trustees, was one forbidding the introduc-\\n9*-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0109.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "102 THE SALZBURGERS\\ntion and sale of rum, and another inhibiting the\\nimportation of Negro slaves. The enforcement\\nof these measures was attended with very serious\\ndifficulty in all parts of the colony, except at\\nEbenezer. The first measure was one, the pro-\\npriety of which the Salzburgers never questioned.\\nTemperance societies were then unknown but\\nno such agency was necessary to teach our pious\\nancestors that the use of alcoholic drinks is at-\\ntended with incalculable evils, and that the most\\nspecific remedy for these evils, is not to pass\\nlicense laws to regulate the sale of spirits, but to\\nremove entirely the cause that produced them.\\nIt is mentioned as a striking fact in the subse-\\nquent history of Ebenezer, that the exclusion of\\nardent spirits had contributed materially to pro-\\nmote the health of the inhabitants, while sick-\\nness prevailed in all those places where the sale\\nwas permitted. We wish that this wholesome\\nregulation had always been enforced, not only at\\nEbenezer, but throughout our country and\\nespecially that the descendan\u00c2\u00bbts of the Salzbur-\\ngers had always imitated, in this respect, the\\nexample of their pious forefathers.\\nIt is difficult to ascertain fully the grounds\\nupon which the Salzburgers opposed so strenu-\\nously, and for so many years, the introduction\\nof Negro slaves. Whether their own history,\\nwith its many scenes of wrong and oppression,\\nhad predisposed them against every species of", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0110.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 103\\nservitude, or whether they judged that the ex-\\nistence of slaves among them would render the\\ncolonists indolent, and perhaps weaken and em-\\nbarrass their community by exposing it to the\\nevils of a servile war, are questions which it\\nwould not be easy to answer satisfactorily. We\\nmay, however, gather some instruction from a\\nremark of Baron Von Reck. He says, in one\\nof his letters, The purchase of Negroes is\\nforbidden, on account of the vicinity of the\\nSpaniards. The colony also is an asylum for\\nthe distressed, and slaves starve the poor\\nlabourer.\\nIt is a matter of history, however, which\\nneed not to be disguised, that the Salzburgers,\\nincluding their pastors, did very warmly oppose\\nthe importation of slaves; and if the question\\nhad been left for them to decide, without any in-\\nfluences from abroad being employed to bias their\\nminds, slavery would not have existed in the\\ncolony. Mr. Bolzius was, perhaps, among the\\nvery last to yield his opposition. He even re-\\nproved Mr. Whitefield very sharply, for his vacil-\\nlation, in changing his opinions, after having in\\nthe first instance expressed his disapprobation\\nof this measure, and then subsequently favour-\\ning it. Mr. AVhitefield denied having any parti-\\ncipation in the matter, and said that he believed,\\nwith Pope, Whatever is, is best; that God\\nhad some wise ends to accomplish in reference", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0111.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "104 THE SALZBUKGERS\\nto African slaver}^ and that he had no doubt\\nit would terminate in advantage to the Africans.\\nAVhen Pastor Bolzius yielded his objections to\\nthis measure, the ground which he assumed, as\\nfar as we can learn from his letters, was as fol-\\nlows He admitted that there was wrong, in the\\nabstract, to place our fellow-men in a state of\\nbondage yet if, by removing the African from\\nthe heathenism of his native land to a country\\nwhere his mind would be enlightened by the\\ngospel, and provision made for the salvation of\\nhis soul, the evils of slavery might be endured\\nin consideration of the moral and spiritual ad-\\nvantages which it bestows upon its unfortunate\\nvictims. By this mode of reasoning, and by\\nmeans of an essay from the pen of James Ha-\\nbersham, Esq., the Salzburgers, including their\\npastors, after considerable hesitation, consented\\nto have slaves brought into the colony. They\\ndid not do so, however, until after they had freely\\nconferred with their Christian friends in Ger-\\nmany. The Rev. S. Urlsperger, in advising them\\nupon this subject, says If you take slaves in\\nfaith, and with the intent of conducting them to\\nChrist, the action will not be a sin, but may\\nprove a benediction. This advice determined\\ntheir future course in reference to this import-\\nant question. The discussion of this subject\\nhad, however, produced great excitement in the\\ncolony. In the language of another, The", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0112.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 105\\nwhole province dwelt, as it were, on the brink\\nof a volcano, whose intestine fires raged higher\\nand higher, threatening at no distant period a\\ndesolating eruption. It was under these cir-\\ncumstances, and when the community seemed to\\nbe on the brink of a civil war, that Mr. Bolzius\\nwrote to the Trustees, withdrawing, on behalf of\\nhimself and the Salzburgers, their objection to\\nthe repeal of the law.\\nWe have already intimated that the Lutheran\\ncongregation at Ebenezer was connected with\\nthe church in Germany, and it was accordingly\\nrequired that the pastors should keep up a regu-\\nlar correspondence, especially with the authori-\\nties at Augsburg and Halle, which were then\\nthe two principal Protestant cities on the conti-\\nnent. This correspondence contained a minute\\ndetail of all the occurrences at Ebenezer, and\\nthe most important part of it was published in\\nthe Nachrichten of Rev. S. Urlsperger, of Augs-\\nburg, and much of it is still extant.\\nBut while the church in Germany kept up its\\necclesiastical connection with the church at\\nEbenezer, and sought to direct its spiritual\\naffairs, it was not backward in raising means for\\nits maintenance. Even prior to the emigration\\nof the Salzburgers, collections had been taken\\nup in various parts of Germany, and after their\\nsettlement at Ebenezer they continued to receive\\ndonations from their transatlantic brethren", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0113.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "106 THE SALZBURGERS\\nand such was the liberality displayed toward\\nthem, that a church fund was raised amounting\\nto twelve thousand guilders, for the support of\\nthe pastors, and other benevolent purposes.\\nIt ought to be mentioned that, in the esta-\\nblishment of the colony, the cause of education\\nwas not overlooked, and in every instance in\\nwhich a pastor was sent over, a schoolmaster\\naccompanied him, unless one was already pro-\\nvided. A fund, too, was subsequently created\\nfor his support; for our pious forefathers judged,\\nand very correctly too, that no country can pros-\\nper in which provision is not made for the mental\\nculture and improvement of the rising genera-\\ntion. Thus we find that there was a regular\\nschool kept up during the lifetime of Mr. Bol-\\nzius and many years afterward, at Ebenezer, and\\none at Zion s Church, four miles below Ebenezer.\\nSubsequently, when the church called ^Bethany\\nwas built on the bluff above Ebenezer, a school-\\nhouse was also erected, and a fund established\\nfor the support of the teacher. Erom this it\\nwill be seen how much importance was attached\\nto the subject of education, and how careful the\\nSalzburgers were to make provision for the sup-\\nport of their teachers. In this respect there is\\nanother striking parallel between the Salzbur-\\ngers and the Puritans of New England and if\\nthe former had been as favourably situated as\\nthe latter, there is no doubt that thcv would", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0114.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "A\\\\D THEIR DESCENDANTS. 107\\nhave accomplished fully as much in making pro-\\nvision for the proper intellectual training of their\\noffspring. At all events, thej showed most con-\\nclusively that they had enlightened and liberal\\nvie^YS upon the subject of education, and em-\\nployed every means in their power to promote it.\\nSuch were the circumstances under which the\\ncolony at Ebenezer was commenced. The\\nfoundation was laid by the Trustees for the\\ncolonization of Georgia, aided by the Society\\nfor the Propagation of Christian Knowledge,\\nand the liberal donations of Christian friends in\\nGermany. Let us now take a look at this little\\ncommunity. In the year 1736 the place began\\nto assume the appearance of a village, giving\\nevidence, by its neat cottages, of the presence of\\ncivilization almost in the midst of savage tribes\\nof Indians. Within its precincts stand the\\nschool-house for the education of the children,\\nand the asylum for the widow and orphan, within\\nwhose walls the pastors and their flocks, as yet,\\nmeet for the worship of God. There, too, is the\\ncomfortable parsonage, in which dwell those holy\\nmen whose greatest happiness is derived from\\nthe spiritual prosperity of their people, and who\\nlabour patiently and unremittingly for the tem-\\nporal and eternal welfare of those committed to\\ntheir charge, pointing them, by their precept and\\nexample, to a holier and happier state above.\\nThe people, too, are obedient to the voice of their", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0115.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "108 THE SALZBURGERS\\nshepherds. They receive their instructions re-\\nspectfully and dutifully and yielding their\\nhearts to the influences of Christian principles,\\nthey become living epistles to the power of\\nour holy religion to change the heart and regu-\\nlate the conduct.\\nOne cannot well conceive of a community\\nmore happily constituted than this was. The\\ncivil and municipal laws were few and simple\\ntheir church-discipline scriptural and rigid. At\\nthe head of the community stand the pastors\\nand elders of the congregation. These consti-\\ntute the umpire before which all questions both\\ncivil and religious are brought and such is the\\nintegrity of those who compose this tribunal,\\nand such the prudence and wisdom and impar-\\ntiality which characterize all their proceedings,\\nthat their decisions are always satisfactory, and\\nno appeals are ever made from their judgment.\\nUnder these circumstances Ebenezer, as might\\nhave been expected, was destined to enjoy, for a\\nseason at least, a good measure of prosperity.\\nIts inhabitants were not only accustomed tr\\nhardships, but being industrious and frugal in\\ntheir habits, and living always in the fear of\\nGod, they possessed within themselves all those\\nelements necessary to the success of any enter-\\nprise. It is true, there were many diflSculties\\nto be surmounted at the outset, arising from\\nthe want of arable land and the scarcity of pro-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0116.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 109\\nvisions but as soon as their lands could be\\nbrought under cultivation, which was done in\\nthis and the following year, and a communica-\\ntion opened with the city of Savannah, which\\nwas effected by the purchase of a boat for that\\npurpose, their circumstances were greatly im-\\nproved.\\nTheir easy access, too, to the river, which\\nabounded with fish and wild-fowl, enabled them\\nto obtain supplies of food, which tended greatly\\nto relieve their necessities.\\nThat the reader may form some idea of the\\ncondition of affairs at Ebenezer about this time,\\nthe following letter from Pastor Bolzius, dated\\nthe 13th of February, 1738, is inserted: With\\ngreat satisfaction we perceive that, through the\\ngrace of God, general contentment prevails\\namong our people. The longer they are here\\nthe better they are pleased and we are sure\\ntheir utmost wishes will be gratified when they\\nshall be able to live by their own industry.\\nThey are satisfied, because they are enjoy-\\ning the privileges which they had long sought in\\nvain to have the word of God in its purity.\\nOur heavenly Father will perhaps provide the\\nmeans for building a house for worship. At\\npresent we worship in the Orphan-House, and\\nfeel that God is with us.\\nIt was about this period that the celebrated\\nGeorge Whitefield visited Ebenezer. Speaking\\n10", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0117.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "110 THE SALZBURGERS\\nof the state of the colony, he remarks Their\\nlands are surprisingly improved. They are also\\nblessed with two such pious ministers as I have\\nseldom seen. They have no courts of jurisdic-\\ntion, but all dififerences are immediately settled\\nby their pastors. They have an orphan-house,\\nin which are seventeen children and a widow.\\nWith the orphans school Mr. Whitefield was\\nvery much gratified. He had it in contempla-\\ntion to establish a similar institution in Georgia,\\nfor the benefit of the numerous orphans whom\\nhe found in Savannah and its vicinity. His\\nheart had first been directed to this subject by\\nwhat he had heard and read in reference to the\\ncelebrated orphan-house founded at Halle, by\\nDr. Franke. When he visited the Orphans\\nAsylum at Ebenezer, he was so much pleased,\\nthat his purposes were confirmed, and he pro-\\njected his orphan-house, which he called Be-\\nthesda. This was located about eight miles from\\nSavannah.\\nWhile on the visit above alluded to, Mr.\\nWhitefield was so much delighted with the order\\nand harmony at Ebenezer, that he gave part of\\nhis own poor stores to Mr. Bolzius, to be distri-\\nbuted among his orphans. Mr. Whitefield thus\\ndescribes the scene Mr. Bolzius called all the\\nchildren before him catechized and exhorted\\nthem to give thanks to God for his good provi-\\ndence toward them then prayed with them, and", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0118.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. Ill\\nmade them pray after him then sung a psalm.\\nAftertvards the little lambs came and shook me by\\nthe hand one by one, and so we parted!\\nMr. Whitefield never forgot this visit to the\\nSalzburgers and he became so deeply interested\\nin their welfare, that a year or two afterward he\\ninterested himself to procure an English teacher\\nfor one of their schools, and offered to educate\\ntwo pious young men in his orphan-house, whom\\nthe pastors at Ebenezer might select for this\\npurpose.\\nIn a letter written by Mr. Thomas Jones,\\ndated Savannah, Georgia, on the 18th of Sep-\\ntember, 1740, occur the following remarks\\nThirty miles distance from this place is Eben-\\nezer, a town on the Savannah river, inhabited\\nby Salzburgers and other Germans, under the\\npastoral care of Mr. Bolzius and Mr. Gronau,\\nwho are discreet, worthy men they consist of\\nsixty families and upward. The town is neatly\\nbuilt, the situation exceedingly pleasant; the\\npeople live in the greatest harmony with their\\nministers and with one another, as one family.\\nThey have no drunken, idle, or profligate peo-\\nple among them, but are industrious, and many\\nhave grown wealthy. Their industry has been\\nblessed with remarkable and uncommon success,\\nto the envy of their neighbours, having great\\nplenty of all the necessary conveniences for life\\n(except clothing) within themselves and supply", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0119.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "112\\nTHE SALZBURGERS\\nthis town (Savannah) with bread-kind, as also\\nbeef, veal, pork, poultry, c.\\nFor the gratification of the reader, and espe-\\ncially for the benefit of the descendants of the\\nSalzburgers, we subjoin a list of the principal\\nresidents at Ebenezer in 1741\\nRev. John Martin Bolzius,\\nRev. Israel Christian Gronau,\\nBartholomew Reiser,\\nBartholomew Zant,\\nThomas Goswandel,\\nGabriel Maurer,\\nJohn Maurer,\\nGeorge Kogler,\\nPaulus Zittrauer,\\nPeter Renter,\\nStephen Rottenberger,\\nAmbrosll Zubli,\\nJohn Jacob Zubli,\\nChristopher Ortman,\\nRuprecht Kalcher,\\nLeonard Rauner,\\nChristian Reidelsperger,\\nFrederick Wilhelm MoUer,\\nMartin Hortzog,\\nChx-istian Hessler,\\nJohn Plotter,\\nFrank Sigismund,\\nJohn Hernberger,\\nGeorge Bruckner,\\nCarl Sigismund Ott,\\nMatthias Zettler,\\nRuprecht Eischberger,\\nJohn Peter Arnsdorff,\\nSimon Reiter,\\nMatthias Brandner,\\nChristian Leimbergor,\\nMartin Lackner,\\nLupretcht Steiner,\\nVeitt Lemmenhoffer,\\nJohn and Carl Floerl,\\nRuprecht Zimmerman,\\nSimon Steiner,\\nGeorge Schwaiger,\\nJohn Schmidt,\\nLeonard Crause,\\nPeter Gruber,\\nJacob Schartner,\\nJoseph Leitner,\\nJohn Cornberger,\\nAndreas Grimminger,\\nMatthias Bergsteiner,\\nVeitt Landseller,\\nJoseph Ernst,\\nJohn Michael Reiser,\\nThomas Pichler,\\nJohn Speilbiegler.\\nThe invasion of Georgia by the Spaniards,\\nabout this time, created considerable excitement\\nthroughout the colony; and the Salzburgers not", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0120.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 113\\nonly sympathized with their English neighbours,\\nbut cheerfully contributed to the defence of the\\ncountry, and bore their part of all the burdens\\nand inconveniences incident upon such occasions.\\nStill they never lost sight of the object of their\\nremoval to America. They seem, however, not\\nto have been very seriously embarrassed by the\\nwar, as may be learned from a letter of Mr.\\nBolzius, dated the 23d of July, 1740, addressed\\nto Dr. Franke, of Halle. He says, in that letter\\nTogether with these spiritual blessings and\\nthe salutary effect of the word of God, in the\\nconversion of many souls, we enjoy this year\\nalso, by the mercy of God, many temporal good\\nthings. The present war, and the burden of it,\\nhas not affected us much as yet, and in the great\\ndearness the colony suffered last year we have\\nnot been in want of necessary provision. As\\nto the present year, we have a very hopeful\\nprospect of a good harvest, every thing in the\\nfields and gardens growing so delightful as\\nwe have never seen before in this country. If\\nIsaac, by the blessing of the Lord, received from\\nwhat he had sowed an hundred fold, I believe I\\ndare say, to the glory of God, our Salzburgers\\nwill receive a thousand-fold, notwithstanding the\\ncorn when it came out of the ground was entirely\\neaten up by worms, of which no one can form a\\nright idea, unless he sees it with his own eyes.\\nThe land is really very fruitful, if the sins of the\\n10-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0121.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "114 THE SALZBUHGERS\\ninhabitants^ and the curse of God for such sins,\\ndoes not eat it up, -which was formerly the un-\\nhappy case of the blessed land of Canaan.\\nAnd I am. heartily sorry to acquaint you, that\\nI do not find in some of the inhabitants of the\\ncolony, a due thankfulness for, and contentment\\nwith, the many blessings bestowed on them for\\nseveral years together although those who are\\nindustrious and will labour for their maintenance\\nmay, as we do, live contentedly and subsist un-\\nder the blessing promised by Paul, (Heb. xiii. 5,)\\nI will never leave thee nor forsake thee\\nwhich blessing the idle and unthankful are not\\nentitled to.\\nIn the journal of Pastor Bolzius is found the,\\nfollowing minute; ^^lOth of August^ 1741.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 We\\nhave this year plenty of peaches, and as this\\nfruit does not keep, some of the people try to\\nmake a sort of brandy of them; others give\\nthem to the swine. This is more than anybody\\ncould have promised himself or others some\\nyears ago. Even at this time when I am writing,\\na man brings a large dish of blue grapes to me,\\ngrown wild in the woods they are of a sweet\\ntaste, and pretty like our European grapes, so\\nthat I am very apt to believe, the wild vines,\\nif properly managed, would give good wine.\\nThanks to our gracious God, who gives us here\\nevery good thing for our support!\\ndth of September, 1741. Some time ago I\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0i", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0122.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 115\\nwrote to an honoured friend in Europe, that the\\nland in this country, if well managed, brings\\nforth by the blessing of God, not only a hun-\\ndred-fold, but a thousand-fold and I was this\\nday confirmed therein. A woman, having two\\nyears ago picked out of Indian corn no more\\nthan three grains of rye, and planting them\\nhere at Ebenezer, one of these grains produced\\nan hundred and seventy stalks and ears, and\\nyielded to her a bag of corn as large as a coat\\npocket.\\nTrue it is, notwithstanding the fertility of\\nthe land, the first tillers of it must undergo\\nand struggle with great difficulties but those\\nthat come after them will reap the benefit\\nthereof, if they go on to do their labour in the\\nfear of God. The land is able to provide every\\ngood, and more particularly is pasturage very\\nplenteous.\\nErom these extracts it will be seen that the\\nsettlement at Ebenezer and its vicinity was fully\\nas prosperous as could have been expected under\\nthe circumstances. Additions were constantly\\nmaking to it by new arrivals of emigrants from\\nthe fatherland. It appears, from a statement\\nmade by Mr. Benjamin Martyn, Secretary of the\\nTrustees, that up to 1741, over twelve hundred\\nGerman Protestants had arrived in the colony.\\nMost of these were sent over by the charity of\\ntheir friends in England and Germany. There", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0123.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "116 THE SALZBURGERS\\nwere, however, many who came in 1735, and\\nsubsequently, for whom no provision was made.\\nSo anxious, however, were they to escape perse-\\ncution in their native land and find an asylum\\nin Georgia, that they consented to bind them-\\nselves as servants to the Trustees, for five years\\nafter their arrival in Georgia, and to pay by their\\nown labour the expense of their transportation.\\nIn fact, the indentures which they made bound\\nnot only themselves, but their children. The\\nmales who were under twenty were to serve until\\nthey were twenty-five, and the females who were\\nabove six were to serve until they arrived at the\\nage of eighteen years.\\nThese conditions, however, were not always\\nrigidly enforced, for it appears, from the minutes\\nof the Trustees, that on the 26th of July, 1742,\\na petition was presented to that body signed by\\nChristian Steinharel, Theobald KeiiFer, and\\nothers, stating that their term of service had\\nexpired, and praying the Trustees to grant them\\nthe freedom of their children at the expiration\\nof the time (five years) for which the petitioners\\nwere bound. To the credit of the Trustees, it\\nshould ever be remembered, the prayer was\\ngranted.\\nAmong the Salzburgers who were sold, and\\nwhose children were apprenticed, was one, who,\\nfrom the romantic history connected with\\nhis family, deserves, perhaps, special mention.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0124.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 117\\nThis was Mr. Frederick Helfenstein. If the\\ntradition in reference to him is correct, he was\\na lineal descendant of the Count of Helfenstein,\\nwho, with his wife (a daughter of the Emperor\\nMaximilian) and their youngest child, were\\nbutchered with seventy men under his command,\\nin the servile insurrection which occurred in\\nthe time of Luther, commonly known as the\\nRebellion of the Peasantry. From that time\\nthe family were reduced to utter obscurity and\\nthe most abject poverty. Mr. Helfenstein, per-\\nhaps the last of the count s descendants, having\\nserved out an apprenticeship at the tanner s\\ntrade, and married a young lady to whom he\\nbecame attached while learning his trade, emi-\\ngrated to America, and arrived in Savannah\\nwithout the means to pay his passage. Conse-\\nquently he and his wife were sold as servants to\\ndefray the expenses of their passage. Having\\nfjiithfully served out his time, he removed to\\nGoshen, about twelve miles below Ebenezer,\\nand established himself in business. In the\\ncourse of time he acquired a handsome compe-\\ntency. But it will be necessary to speak of him\\nhereafter.\\nMany of the Salzburgers remained in Savan-\\nnah and its vicinity, and formed the nucleus for\\nthe organization of a church in that city. It\\nwas, however, regarded for a long time as mis-\\nsionary ground, and the congregation was sup-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0125.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "118 THE SALZBURGERS\\nplied with preaching, from time to time, by the\\npastors at Ebenezer, and the Rev. U. Di*iesler,\\nfrom Frederica.\\nThis gentleman (Mr. Driesler) had been sent\\nover in 1743, by the Society for the Propaga-\\ntion of Christian Knowledge, to supply the\\nspiritual wants of the Salzburgers, who had set-\\ntled on St. Simon s Island. In 1744, he visited\\nthe brethren at Ebenezer. Mr. Bolzius thus\\nspeaks of him, under date of Febuary 24, 1744\\nMr. Driesler arrived yesterday. He labours\\nwith the blessing of God in his small congrega-\\ntion at Frederica, consisting of sixty-two souls.\\nCaptain Horten, the commandant of the fort at\\nthat place, gives him an honourable testimony;\\nand we trust our friend will be an instrument\\nto the salvation of many souls. Next Lord s\\nday he is to preach in Savannah. This\\nday he preaches both in Zion and Jerusalem\\nchurches.\\nMr. Driesler was spared to the congregation\\nat Frederica but a short time. The Lord called\\nhim to his rest in the early part of the year 1745.\\nHe was succeeded by the Rev. Mr. Zubli, from\\nSwitzerland, who had charge of the church for\\nseveral years. He seems to have had no con-\\nnection with the pastors at Ebenezer, and was\\nprobably supported by the English officers com-\\nmanding the fort. Mr. Zubli continued pastor\\nat Frederica only a few years, for as soon as the", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0126.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 119\\nSpanish and French war began, he removed to\\nOrangeburg, in South Carolina.*\\nIt has been found impracticable to gather\\nmuch information in regard to the German set-\\ntlement at Frederica. It must, however, have\\nbeen very flourishing at one time. A gentleman\\nwho visited the island in 1743, makes particular\\nmention of the quiet village of the Salzbur-\\ngers and says, the whole town and country\\nadjacent are quite rurally charming; and the\\nimprovements everywhere evince the greatest\\nskill and industry, considering its late settle-\\nment. This beautiful town was, however, des-\\ntined to an ephemeral existence. As early as\\n1749 it began to decline, and in 1751 a journalist\\ndescribes it \u00c2\u00ab^as presenting the melancholy pros-\\npect of houses without inhabitants, barracks\\nwithout soldiers, guns without carriages, and\\nstreets grown over with weeds. All appeared\\nto me with a horrible aspect, and so different\\nfrom what I once knew it, that I could scarce\\nrefrain from tears.\\nIt was about this time that Dr. H. M. Muh-\\nlenberg first visited Ebenezer. He had, up to\\n1741, been pastor of Hermersdorf, in Upper\\nLusatia, and inspector of the orphan-house in\\nthat place, but had accepted a call to the Luthe-\\nran church in Philadelphia. The object of his\\njourney to Ebenezer is not definitely stated, but\\nAVhite.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0127.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "120 THE SALZBURGERS\\nit is probable that he had been authorized by\\nthe friends and patrons of the Salzburgers in\\nGermany to look into the condition of the colony,\\nand report to them the result of his observa-\\ntions. He remained only six days, but even\\nthis short sojourn seems to have been highly\\ngratifying to the pastors at Ebenezer, as well as\\ntheir people, for Pastor Gronau makes special\\nmention of it in his journal. He remarks\\nThis day (October 11, 1742) my dear colleague\\n(Mr. Bolzius) and Mr. Muhlenberg were to start\\nfor Charleston, but evening came on before\\nthings were ready. The day had not, however,\\nbeen spent in vain. The preparations for the\\njourney having been made, my colleague took\\nleave of us in a prayer.\\nNever before have we spent so blessed and\\nhappy a season at Ebenezer. For the Lord had\\nnever before permitted us to embrace a dear\\nfriend from our native country, in whom we\\nfound a real brother in Christ. Mr. Bolzius\\naccompanied Dr. Muhlenberg as far as Charles-\\nton, but returned in a few days to his field of\\nlabour.\\nIt has been stated that for many years the\\nSalzburgers were unable to build a church, and\\nwere compelled to worship in the orphan-house\\nbut, through the assistance of their friends in\\nGermany, they had succeeded in erecting a plain\\nbut comfortable house at Ebenezer, called Je-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0128.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "AND TIIEIIl DESCENDANTS. 121\\nrusalem, and another about four miles below,\\ncalled Zion. The latter had become neces-\\nsary, because the colonists were rapidly settling\\non the river below the town, and along the road\\nleading from Ebenezer to Savannah. These\\nchurches were both in use in 1744.\\nIt would be profitable, if it were deemed ex-\\npedient, to make copious extracts from the\\njournals of the pastors, to show the character\\nof the instructions which they imparted to their\\npeople or rather to exhibit the deep-toned\\npiety which the pastors at Ebenezer cultivated\\nthemselves, and which they sought to impart to\\ntheir people. We may safely challenge a com-\\nparison between the ministrations of these de-\\nvoted men, and those of any pastors in any\\nother churches in point of fidelity and earnest-\\nness, in inculcating not only a refined and ele-\\nvated morality, but more especially a pure and\\ntransforming system of evangelical Qhristiaiiity\\nMr. Bolzius states that a little girl came to him,\\nconfessing that she had stolen a peach, and that\\nconscience disturbed her so much on that account,\\nthat she could neither sleep nor work. I in-\\nformed her, says Mr. Bolzius, that when the\\ncommission of what is generally considered a\\nlight sin disturbs our conscience, a fire begins to\\nburn within us like the fires of hell, and then\\nwe no longer think of the distinctions between\\ngross and trivial sins. I advised her to learn\\n11", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0129.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "122 THE SALZBURGEKS\\nthat God frequently improves the occasion of a\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2wrong lately committed by us to bring to our\\nmind the mass of sin that fills our hearts, so\\nthat Tve may repent, and ask his forgiveness\\nfor Christ s sake. Finally, I dismissed her by\\nbringing the following text to her recollection.\\nIf we confess our sins, God is faithful and just\\nto forgive us our sins, and to cleanse us from all\\nunrighteousness.\\nSuch a course of religious training was not\\nwithout its influence in forming the characters\\nand regulating the conduct of the colonists. In\\nfact, they became everywhere proverbial for\\nthe correctness of their external deportment,\\nand especially for the Christian spirit which\\nthey displayed on all occasions. The testimony\\nof their neighbours, of the citizens of Savannah,\\nand even that of the colonial government, fur-\\nnishes evidence that the congregation at Eben-\\nezer had acquired a very enviable reputation for\\ntheir unostentatious piety. Amid their trials and\\nprivations they never lost sight of their spiritual\\nimprovement, and laboured sedulously to attain\\nto a high standard of Christian experience and\\npractice.\\nThese pious people, however, were about to\\nexperience a severe loss in the death of one of\\ntheir devoted and godly pastors Rev. Israel\\nHazelms.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0130.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "AND TIIEIR DESCENDANTS. 123\\nC. Gronau. This melancholy event occurred in\\nthe month of January, 1745 Pastor Bolzius,\\nthus records the mournful event Last Friday,\\nJanuary 11th, it pleased the Lord to call my\\ndear brother and colleague to his rest. He fell\\nasleep full of joy in his Saviour. On a stormy\\nand rainy day, nearly a year since, while preach-\\ning to the Germans in Savannah, he caught cold\\nat church, so that he was hardly able to perform\\nservice here the succeeding Sabbath. From\\nthe effects of that attack he never recovered.\\nDuring the last six weeks of his life he was\\nafflicted with a continued fever. The time of\\nhis illness was a source of edification to all of\\nus who v/ere daily about his person. His heart\\ncontinually enjoyed communion with his Re-\\ndeemer. Nothing troubled him, for he had an\\nabiding sense of reconciliation with God, and\\nrealized the joy and peace of the Holy Ghost.\\nWhen one of the Salzburg brethren took hold\\nof his hand, which Mr. Gronau had lifted up in\\npraise of God, he desired that the friend might\\nsupport his arms in the uplifted position in which\\nhe had held them. This being done, he exclaimed,\\nCome, Lord Jesus Amen, Amen With these\\nwords he closed his lips and eyes, and entered\\ninto the joy of his Lord, full of peace. On\\nthe following day, his remains wore interred in\\nthe cemetery connected with Jerusalem church.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0131.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "124 THE SALZBURGERS\\namid the unfeigned lamentations of his colleague\\nand the people for whose temporal and spiritual\\nadvantage he had laboured with unremitting\\ndiligence and fidelity. As he had in all things\\nadorned the doctrine of God his Saviour, so\\nhe went to the grave full of hope, leaving the\\ntestimony that God was with him.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0132.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 125\\nCHAPTER VL\\nState of feeling at Ebenezer consequent on the death of Mr. Gro-\\nnau\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Mr. Bolzius writes to Germany for an assistant His\\nhumility and devotion\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The church in Germany send over\\nanother pastor Rev. H. H. Lembke arrives at Ebenezer His\\nreception Marries the widow of Mr. Gronau Mr. Bolzius re-\\ntains his position Mr. Bolzius, as trustee, erects mills\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Silk cul-\\nture introduced at Ebenezer Mr. Amatis of Piedmont\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Mulberry\\ntrees planted at Ebenezer Success of the Salzburgers in raising\\nsilk Bridge and causeway over Ebenezer Creek New church\\nand school-house erected Pastoral labours Extent of the field\\nto be cultivated Goshen church\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Abercorn Extension of the\\nsettlements around Ebenezer Demand for more ministerial\\nlabour Rev. C. Rabenhorst arrives at Ebenezer\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Mr. Bolzius s\\nletter on his arrival Change of views Provision for the sup-\\nport of the new pastor Condition of the colony Mr. Bolzius\\nassigns his trusteeship to Mr. Lembke Copy of the deed of\\ntrust The Trust to be transferred Subsequent change\\nErection of another mill Mr. Bolzius begins to decline in\\nhealth The symbolical books Proper views in relation to tho\\nFathers Confessions and catechisms Deep-toued piety of\\nthe first pastors at Ebenezer Mr. Bolzius s labours His letters\\nRev. S. Urlsperger and Dr. Zeigenhagen Close of his minis-\\nterial duties His illness and death Mr. Bolzius s family.\\nAs was to have been expected, the death of\\nMr. Gronau cast quite a gloom over the settle-\\nment at Ebenezer. By his consistent Christian\\ndeportment, he had gained the confidence and\\nesteem of the -whole community. He was par-\\n11-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0133.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "126 THE SALZBUKGERS\\nticularly endeared to those who had come over\\nfrom Germany under his care, and for whose\\nwelfare he had made so many sacrifices. Upon\\nno one, however, did the loss seem to fall so\\nheavily as upon his colleague, Mr. Bolzius.\\nThey had been united by the strongest ties of\\nfriendship and Christian affection, and had\\nlaboured together for thirteen years under cir-\\ncumstances which were well calculated to unite\\nthem in indissoluble bonds. Impelled by a\\nsense of duty to their divine Master, they had\\nin company left their native land, to become the\\nspiritual guides of a devoted and persecuted\\npeople. They had been fellow-suiferers in the\\nperils of the sea, and in all the dangers and\\nprivations incident upon establishing a colony in\\nan unbroken wilderness. For many years they\\nhad taken sw^eet counsel together, and gone to\\nthe house of God in company. But all these\\nstrong and endearing relations are now broken,\\nand Mr. Uolzius is left alone, with all the\\nweighty responsibility of his important station.\\nNo one could feel more sensibly than he did the\\nobligations connected with his position. Nor\\nwas he disposed to shrink from them. Never-\\ntheless, he writes to the friends of the Salzbur-\\ngers in Germany, requesting that a preacher\\nmight be sent over to supply the place of his\\ndeparted friend and brother, Gronau. The fol-\\nlowing extract from his letter to Rev. S. Url-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0134.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 127\\nsperger, at Augsburg, is characteristic of his\\nChristian humility: May God send me a faith-\\nful and good man in the place of my departed\\nfriend Will you have the goodness to select\\nsuch a one for me, inasmuch as I shall not be\\nable for any length of time to bear the burden\\nof business that overwhelms me. I, too, feel\\nthe approach of age, and may be unexpectedly\\ncalled away. Could I have my own wish, I\\nwould ask the favour of you to send a pastor\\nprimarius to this place, so that I might take\\nthe station of my departed brother. My mind\\nhas frequently dwelt on this subject, especially\\nduring the last illness of Mr. Gronau; and I\\ncan assure you that I would prefer by far being\\nadjunct to the new pastor, to retaining the sta-\\ntion I now hold, for I am too weak to stand in\\nfront of the battle. May God make an arrange-\\nment of this kind practicable\\nThe request of Mr. Bolzius for the appointment\\nof an adjunct was favourably received, and early in\\nthe spring of 1T46, the Rev. Herman H. Lembke\\nwas sent over to Ebenezer to supply the vacancy\\noccasioned by the death of the lamented Gronau.\\nHis arrival was hailed with great satisfaction by\\nthe Salzburgers, and particularly by Mr. Bol-\\nzius. Mr. Lembke entered upon his duties with\\ngreat energy, and it soon became manifest that\\nthe patrons of the church in Germany had made\\na very judicious selection. About a year after", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0135.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "128 THE SALZBURGEnS\\nhis arrival, he married the widow of Mr. Gronau,\\nwho, it appears, was a near relative of Mr. Bol-\\nzius, and this new relation seems to have been\\nmutually agreeable and beneficial to all parties.\\nMr. Bolzius, acting under the advice of the\\nchurch in Germany, continued to retain his posi-\\ntion as principal pastor, and, as we have before\\nseen, the management of all the affairs of the\\ncolony, both spiritual and financial, was intrusted\\nto him. He, however, associated Mr. Lembke\\nwith him, as fully as a sense of duty would\\npermit.\\nIt will be proper here to state some of the\\nresponsibilities which devolved upon Mr. Bolzius.\\nBeside the onerous ministerial duties connected\\nwith so large a field of labour, he seems to have\\nbeen appointed trustee for all the funds which\\nhad been collected in Europe for the benefit of\\nthe congregation at Ebenezer. We consequently\\nfind him engaged in making investments, pur-\\nchasing land, erecting rice-mills, as well as grist\\nand saw-mills, and superintending the whole in-\\ndustrial economy of the colony. To carry out\\nhis plans, he procured mill-stones and other ne-\\ncessary materials from Germany, and enlisted\\nthe kind offices of General Oglethorpe, who\\ncheerfully aided Mr. Bolzius in all his plans\\nwhich contemplated the comfort and general im-\\nprovement of the Salzburgers. During their\\nresidence at Old Ebenezer, a mill was established", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0136.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 129\\nupon Ebenezer Creek, but this they were com-\\npelled to abandon.\\nAnother important interest intrusted to Mr.\\nBolzius Avas the introduction among the Ger-\\nmans of the silk culture. As early as 1733,\\nthe Trustees for the Settlement of Georgia,\\ninduced Mr. Nicolas Amatis, of Piedmont, to\\nremove to Georgia, taking with him his servant,\\nJacques Camuse, his wife, and three sons, who\\nwere to instruct the colonists in the rearing of\\nsilk-worms and the manufacture of silk.\\nIn 1736, mulberry-trees were planted at\\nEbenezer under the direction of Mr. Bolzius,\\nand the Salzburgers were among the first and\\nmost successful in carrying out the wishes of the\\nTrustees in this particular. In 1742, five hun-\\ndred trees were sent to Ebenezer, and a ma-\\nchine was erected for preparing the silk. In 1745\\nand 1746, specimens were sent to England, and\\nin 1748, four hundred and sixty-four pounds\\nwere produced. In 1749, the Trustees authorized\\nMr. Bolzius to erect ten sheds and ten machines\\nfor reeling, and other means necessary to carry\\non the manufacture. In 1750, nearly all the\\ncolonists had abandoned the experiment of silk-\\nraising, except the Salzburgers. They persevered,\\nand every year became more skilled in the busi-\\nness, and in 1751, they sent over to England a\\nthousand pounds of cocoons, and seventy-four\\nStevens.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0137.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "130 THE SALZBUKGERS\\npounds two ounces of raw silk, yielding the\\nhandsome sum of one hundred and ten pounds\\nsterling, or upwards of five hundred dollars, the\\nprice being at that time thirty shillings per\\npound. To encourage the Germans to persevere\\nin their efforts, which thus far had been very\\nsuccessful, the Trustees gave a reeling-machine\\nto each female, who should become mistress in\\nthe art of spinning, and two pounds in money.\\nThese marks of favour were duly appreciated,\\nand the culture of silk was carried on success-\\nfully for a number of years. Many mulberry-\\ntrees are still standing at Ebenezer, which no\\ndoubt have sprung from the original stock and\\nmany of the descendants of the Salzburgers\\ncontinue to raise silk, which they manufacture\\ninto fishing-lines, and sell very readily in Sa-\\nvannah.\\nAbout this time the Salzburgers, at the sug-\\ngestion of Mr. Bolzius, commenced the construc-\\ntion of a bridge over Ebenezer Creek, and a\\ncauseway through the low grounds adjoining,\\nthus connecting the town of Ebenezer with the\\nsettlements which had been made on the north\\nside of that creek. These measures were of\\ngreat advantage, both to the town and the ad-\\njoining neighbourhood. The population in that\\nlocation, which is called even to this day -^the\\nBluffs increased so rapidly that it soon became\\nnecessary to erect a new church. For this pur-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0138.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "AA^I) TTIETR DESCENDANTS. 131\\npose, a tract of one liunclred acres of land was\\nobtained from the Trustees, and a commodious\\nedifice was erected, called Bethany; a school-\\nhouse was also built, together with a residence\\nfor the teacher. This church was located about\\nfive miles north-west from Ebenezer. It con-\\ntinued to exist up to the year 1774, when Dr.\\nMuhlenburg made his second visit to Ebenezer\\nbut soon after the Revolutionary War it was\\nallowed to decay, and was never rebuilt. The\\ndeed for this church, as we learn from Dr. Muh-\\nlenburg s journal, was originally made to H.\\nH. Lembke, John Casper Wertseh, and John\\nMichael, and was dated 1751. It calls for one\\nhundred acres for Bethany church and a school-\\nhouse. The object is thus defined In St.\\nMatthew s Parish for the use of a church and\\nschool-house, and for the support and mainte-\\nnance of the minister and master thereof.\\nBesides this church, another small one was\\nerected at Goshen, about ten miles below Eben-\\nezer, near the road leading to Savannah, for the\\naccommodation of the Salzburgers who had set-\\ntled in that neighbourhood and at Abercorn.\\nThus it will be seen that four Lutheran churches\\nwere now existing in the Parish of St. Matthew,\\nbesides the one in Savannah. The arrangement\\nin reference to ministerial labour was, that the\\npastors should supply the church in Savannah,\\ntogether with Jerusalem, Zion, Bethany, and", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0139.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "132 THE SALZBURGERS\\nGoshen, dividing the labours equally among\\nthemselves, as far as might be practicable, but\\nalwa^^s under the direction of the senior pastor.\\nIt will be apparent that this was a large field to\\ncultivate, even for two ministers. It covered an\\narea of more than thirty miles, and besides the\\nfatigue connected with journeying from church\\nto church, these pious men preached every Sab-\\nbath, and catechized the youth in their congre-\\ngations on the same day and delivered weekly\\nlectures in all the churches, besides holding their\\nregular ministerial conference for prayer and\\nmutual edification.\\nThe population at Ebenezer and the surround-\\ning settlements gradually increased, and was\\naugmented by occasional arrivals from Germany;\\nso that as early as 1750 numerous farms were\\nin successful culture on both sides of the road\\nleading from Savannah to Augusta, as well as\\nupon the banks of the Savannah river, and\\nLockner s, Ebenezer, and Mill creeks. With\\nthe rapid advancement of the colony, the duties\\nof the pastors at Ebenezer were greatly multi-\\nplied, so much so, that the patrons of the church\\nin Germany deemed it necessary to send over\\nan additional minister. In 1752, the Rev.\\nChristian Rabenhorst was selected by Senior\\nUrlsperger, at Augsburg, and with him came a\\ncolony of emigrants from Wurtemberg. Although\\nMr. Bolzius was very much pleased to receive", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0140.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 133\\nthese nev. recruits for bis colony, yet he did not\\nsee any necessity, at first, for the appointment\\nof an additional pastor. He was, however, sub-\\nsequently convinced that he had been mistaken\\nin his opinion, for in a letter addressed to Mr.\\nUrlsperger, dated February 9, 1753, he re-\\nmarks: I have to acknowledge, with shame\\nand humiliation, that when I first was informed of\\nthe appointment of a third minister for Ebenezer,\\nand ever afterward when I saw him, I believed\\nsuch an appointment to be superfluous but\\nsince we have become better acquainted with\\nhim, and, through the rich grace of the Holy\\nSpirit, felt that he was one heart and soul with\\nus in religion, office, and brotherly conduct; and\\nwhen, after my last return from Charleston, I\\ndiscovered the decrease of my bodily strength,\\nI was humbly rejoiced at the goodness of God,\\nwho has, in addition to many other precious gifts,\\nsent us (without our wish or desire) this faithful\\nand prudent brother, Timotheus. What gratifi-\\ncation does it aiford me, and my dear brother-in-\\nlaw, Lembke, to receive the assistance, and to be\\nsupported by this cheerful, willing, and laborious\\nman, whom we have to restrain, lest his unre-\\nmitting activity may prove injurious to him be-\\nfore he is acclimatized. We all have work\\nenough to do, and do all with pleasure. Mr.\\nRabenhorst enjoys the good-will of the people\\nin a high degree. Thus it will be seen that\\n12", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0141.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "134 THE PALZEUPvOERB\\nMr. Bolzius, always ready to acknowledge the hand\\nof God in every event of his life, and to yield sub-\\nmissively to the wishes of the reverend fathers\\nin Germany, gathered fresh strength and confi-\\ndence from his experience. These three pious\\nand self-denying men continued to labour together\\nharmoniously, and with great success for nearly\\ntwelve years though the external affairs of the\\ncolony were at times very distressing, arising\\npartly from the eifects of the Spanish war, and\\npartly from the occasional failure of their crops\\nstill, amid all these untoward circumstances, the\\ncolonists were not allowed to despair. They\\nmaintained an unwavering confidence in the\\ngood providence of God, and were for the most\\npart contented and happy.\\nThe arrival of Mr. Rabenhorst at Ebenezer\\ndid not, however, increase the pecuniary embar-\\nrassment of the congregation, for there -is evi-\\ndence in the records that a capital, amounting\\nto \u00c2\u00a3649 16s. 6d., was raised in Germany and\\nplaced in his hands, from the interest of which\\nhe was to derive his support. For this money\\nhe gave his bond, obligating himself and his\\nheirs, assigns, c., that the fund should be used\\nfor no other purpose, and that it should be ap-\\nplied, after his death, for the support of his\\nsuccessor.\\nThis was a wise provision, particularly at this\\njuncture for it was about the time of Mr", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0142.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 135\\nRabenhorst s arrival in America, that the Trus-\\ntees surrendered their charter to the crown,\\nand Georgia became a rojal province. The\\nSalzburgers, not being attached to the Esta-\\nblished Church, could expect very little further\\naid from England, and were thrown almost en-\\ntirely upon the support of their German bene-\\nfactors.\\nIn view of his increasing age and infirmity,\\nMr. Bolzius thought it expedient that he should\\ntransfer the trust which had been vested in him\\nto the Rev. H. H. Lembke. This he did with\\nthe consent of the Lutheran pastors at London,\\nHalle, and Augsburg. The trust was duly con-\\nveyed in a legal instrument, dated April 15,\\n1757. It will, perhaps, be interesting to insert\\nhere a portion of said document, inasmuch as it\\nwill serve to show the character of the property\\nwhich the Salzburgers then owned, and the pur-\\npose for which it was intended. The instrument\\nreads thus:\\nIn the name of Jesus Inasmuch as it is unknown\\nto me how soon the Lord may call me hence by death,\\nand as it is my duty daily to set my house in order, and\\nto explain any irregularity or misunderstanding which\\nmight possibly arise after my decease, I have deemed it\\nnecessary and expedient, as being advised by my most\\nworthy colleague, to give information to my colleague\\nand brother-in-law, Herman II. Lembke, as adjunct pas-\\ntor and future successor in office, concerning the design\\nof our two grist-mills, the saw-mill, and the rice stanip-\\ning-mill; and to authorize him, by this instrument of", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0143.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "136 THE SALZBURGER3\\nwriting, to take the superintendence of said mill esta-\\nblishment, during my life and after my death; so that the\\nobjects for which they were instituted may be gradually\\nattained. The objects were threefold: 1. That all the\\nmills should be firmly invested and in some respects im-\\nproved. 2. That, by the profits of the same, other esta-\\nblishments should in the process of time be sustained in\\nthe Ebenezer congregation, such as churches and schools,\\nand also dwellings for ministers and school-teachers, by\\nthe joint labours of the members of the congregation.\\nLikewise, that more ample provision should be made for\\npastors and school-teachers. And, 3. That widows and\\norphans, the sick, and the superannuated should be able\\nto derive some assistance therefrom.\\nThe circumstances which gave rise to the erection of\\nsaid mills are these I was solicited by the congregation\\nfor a number of years to erect a small mill, at a cost of\\nabout ten or twelve pounds sterling, to meet their most\\npressing wants, in grinding their Indian corn, wheat, and\\nrye into flour. After the mill was commenced, by the\\nassistance of the major part of the male members of the\\ncongregation, on the site where the mill now stands, the\\nsum proposed was soon found to be totally inadequate,\\nalthough I obtained gratuitously, by personal request,\\nthe mill-stones and some iron materials from General\\nOglethorpe. Hence it became necessary to relinquish\\nthe building of the orphan-house, and appropriate the\\nfunds placed in my hands for that purpose to the\\ncompletion of the mill. For the congregation were not\\ncontent to have the former without the latter, and par-\\nticularly as there seemed to be no immediate demand for\\nsuch an institution they preferred to provide for the few\\norphans in town by taking them into their service. The\\nmoney requisite to complete the mills I received partly\\nfrom the Trustees, and partly from other patrons, through\\nthe exertions of our fathers in London, Augsburg, and\\nHalle. To secure the balance of funds necessary to com-\\nplete my plans, I was compelled to borrow money, trust-\\ning in God, who has hitherto led mc most wonderfully,", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0144.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 137\\nwisely, graciously, and mightily, by his paternal Provi-\\ndence. He has so directed, by his blessings, the opera-\\ntions of the mills, and the trade connected with them,\\nand by means also of donations from Europe, that the\\nloan was gradually refunded, and that all the debts con-\\ntracted by the erection of the important saw-mill, have\\nbeen duly paid. To these works the members of the con-\\ngregation contributed nothing, but have cause of great\\nthankfulness that the mills have proved such a blessing\\nto them. Inasmuch as the boards and other lumber could\\nnot be sold for money, but were given in exchange for\\ngoods, it became necessary to establish a trading-house.\\nFor this purpose I appropriated the first fund created by\\nthe charitable donations from Europe, in the time of Mr.\\nMayer.\\nFrom this statement, to the truth of which all the\\nsurviving Salzburgers can testify, (much of which is also\\nknown to Mr. Lembke,) it is very evident that the wonder-\\nful God has made use of me, unworthy as I am, as a\\nfeeble instrument for the procurement of the means and\\nmaterials for the endowment of these extensive mill es-\\ntablishments, and the laying of the foundation of the\\nmill-trade. There remains, therefore, no doubt, that I\\nam authorized to confer the superintendence of the mill-\\nestablishment and the trade connected with it, upon my\\nworthy colleague and successor Lembke alone, and none\\nother beside or above him. This I do herewith solemnly\\nperform, after mature reflection and deliberation, in the\\nname of God and our reverend fathers. May God bless\\nhis exertions in behalf of these important works, by his\\ncounsel and assistance, that His great name may be\\nglorified, and all the above objects be attained\\nJohn Martin Bolzius,\\nMinister in this place.\\nEbenezer, in Georgia,\\nApril 15, 1757. J\\nThis power of attorney, as the old church\\nrecord terms it, was dulv signed and delivered at\\n12*", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0145.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "138 THE SALZBURGERS\\nthe time specified, and was renewed on the 19th\\nof August, 1765, just four months before the\\ndeath of Mr. Bolzius. Tavo years subsequently\\n(April 30, 1767) Mr. Lembke assigned the same\\ninstrument to Mr. Rabenhorst. From this it\\nwould seem that it was originally designed that\\nthis trust should be regularly transferred by each\\npastor to his successor.\\nSubsequently, however, a change was made,\\nby which seven trustees were chosen annually,\\non Easter Monday, from among the members, to\\nwhom the property of every kind belonging to\\nthe congregation v/as deeded in trust. This\\nfeature in the government of the church is main-\\ntained to the present day.\\nIt appears, that by royal grants, and pur-\\nchases made by Mr. Bolzius, nine hundred and\\ntwenty-five acres of land were connected with\\nthe mill establishments, and that the value of\\nthis property was once estimated at one thousand\\nfive hundred pounds sterling. The mills were,\\nhowever, in the course of time suffered to fall to\\ndecay, and by the depreciation in the value of\\nlands nearly the whole of this investment was\\nlost.\\nBesides this mill, another was erected on a\\nlot of one hundred acres, of which Messrs. Bol-\\nzius and Lembke took possession without a grant.\\nThe cost of building this mill was paid partly\\nby contributions from Europe, and partly from", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0146.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 130\\nthe income of the other mill. But, in 1764, it\\nwas sold for fifty pounds sterling, and this amount\\nwas appropriated toward increasing the fund\\nfor the support of a third minister and a school-\\nmaster.\\nMr. Bolzius, though declining in strength,\\ncontinued to discharge his duties faithfully, and\\nto watch over the interests of the Salzburgers\\nwith unabated concern. In fact, his solicitude\\nseemed to increase with his advancing years\\nand every letter which he wrote to the friends\\nin Germany evinced how deeply the warmest\\nfeelings of his heart were enlisted on behalf of\\nthe people of his charge, and how ardent was\\nhis zeal in promoting the glory of God.\\nThere is one striking feature in all his letters.\\nWe allude to the deep-toned piety which per-\\nvades almost every line. It is manifest that he\\nand all the first pastors at Ebenezer were men\\nof a truly devotional spirit. Though, as wc\\nhave seen, they were all required to give their\\nassent to the Augsburg Confession, and the\\nSymbolical Books, yet their religion was some-\\nthing more vital and soul-pervading than the cold\\n4 orthodoxy which is too often associated with\\nsymbolism or sacramentalism. And our mo-\\ndern theologians, whose zeal for the Symbolical\\nBooks, and whose reverence for the fathers,\\nseem at times to run away with their good sense\\nand Christian charity, would do well to study such", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0147.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "140 THE SALZBURGEBS\\nmodels as Bolzius, Gronau, Lembke, and Raben-\\nhorst. They loved and venerated our confes-\\nsions and catechisms, and sought to indoctrinate\\ntheir people in the principles of the Protestant\\nfaith, as taught by Luther and his noble com-\\npeers but they had the wisdom to discriminate\\nbetween those things which were essential and\\nthose which were indifferent, and made it the\\ngreat object of their ministry to have the peo-\\nple of their charge soundly converted and made\\nLutherans and Christians, not by a mere out-\\nward profession, but by the cultivation and full\\ndevelopment of a pure and holy inner life the\\nlife of the soul renewed by grace, and united to\\nChrist by a living, active faith.\\nIn a letter written the early part of the year\\n1759, Pastor Bolzius thus speaks: In our corner\\nof the earth we have recently enjoyed the pro-\\ntection and blessing of our Heavenly Father,\\nboth in temporal and spiritual things. Though\\nwe have not been free from trials and difficulties,\\nstill they have been light, and, as we trust, have\\nbeen subservient to our welfare and our further-\\nance in the divine life, through the kind direc-\\ntion of a wise providence. We acknowledge, to\\nthe praise of God, that piety and contentment\\nstill reign among us, as even strangers are\\nwilling to admit. With my dear brethren in\\noffice, Messrs. Lembke and Rabenhorst, I stand\\nin the most friendly collegiate connection.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0148.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "AND TIIEIK DESCENDANTS. 141\\nEvery week we meet in conference and for\\nprayer, by which meetings our mutual love is\\ncemented through the blessing of God. The\\nsame blessing also prevents our labour among\\nthe people from being unfruitful. Among our\\ncongregation are many men and women Avho are\\ntruly converted to God, and who walk in the\\ntruth, are ornaments to our office, and humble\\nassistants in the discharge of our duties. Though,\\non account of the war and the repeated failure\\nof crops, every article of living is high, yet our\\nheavenly Father gives us our daily bread in the\\nenjoyment of peace and health among ourselves.\\nIf many, who in the first seasons of trial left\\nus, had endured a little while longer, they would\\nhave experienced the truth of the proverb\\nAfter winter, spring does come.\\nThis letter shows very plainly the spirit which\\nactuated Mr. Bolzius and his colleagues in the\\ndischarge of their duties and it should not be a\\nmatter of surprise that their faithful and self-\\ndenying labours were productive of such re-\\nmarkable effects upon the moral and religious\\ncharacters of their flocks. Walking themselves\\nin the ordinances and commandments of God\\nblameless, they were worthy ensamples to those\\nover whose souls they watched, and the great\\nHead of the church set his seal of approbation\\nto the fidelity of their ministry, in the numbers\\nwho through their instrumentality were turned", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0149.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "142 THE SALZBURGERS\\nfrom darkness to light, and from the power of\\nSatan unto God.\\nOne of these devoted pastors, however, was\\nabout to be removed. About the year 1762,\\nthe faithful and undaunted Bolzius began to\\ngive evidence of declining health. In his letters\\nto the patrons of the colony in Germany, he\\nmade mention of being frequently attacked with\\nfever, which had impaired his constitution and\\nbrought on a distressing cough, which no medi-\\ncine could remove. It was manifest to all who\\nsaw him that nature was yielding to the inroads\\nof disease, and that his pilgrimage was rapidly\\ndrawing to a close. Nevertheless, he never left\\nthe post of duty, but continued to perform to the\\nvery last, as far as his strength would permit, the\\narduous labours of his station being fully deter-\\nmined to relinquish his charge only with his life.\\nHis letters to his friends in Europe will show\\nthe state of his mind in view of his approaching\\nend. In writing to Senior Urlsperger of Augs-\\nburg, he says I am hastening toward my\\nhome. He who sees his wedding-day is not\\nconcerned about trifles. It has pleased my\\ndear Redeemer for several months to visit me\\nwith disease and infirmities, which most proba-\\nbly will terminate in death. I am in his hand,\\nfor he does all things well as my own expe-\\nrience has taught me during my whole pilgrim-\\nage, but more especially during the ihirty-two", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0150.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "AND TIIETR, BESCEXDAXTS. 14-^\\nyears of my pastoral office among my dear\\nSalzburgers. Dearest heavenly Father accept\\nmy humble thanks for all thy love and faithful-\\nness 1 Expecting that my dear Redeemer will\\nsoon deliver me from every evil, and help me\\ninto his heavenly kingdom, I deem it my duty,\\nthough with a feeble hand, to write a few lines\\nto you, to express my gratitude to you for all\\nthe spiritual and temporal acts of kindness mani-\\nfested toward me, (the most unworthy of men,)\\ntoward my family, my brethren in office, and to\\nthe whole congregation for more than thirty-\\ntwo years; and through you I wish to express\\nmy thanks once more to all the Christian bene-\\nfactors of Ebenezer, who live in my beloved\\nfatherland.\\nIn a letter to Dr. Zeigenhagen of London,\\nhe expresses himself as follows This will pro-\\nbably be the last letter which I shall write to\\nyou, with feeble hands and weak eyes. I am so\\nreduced with illness, that I can scarcely walk a\\nfew steps, and am unable to discharge any of\\nthe duties of my office. All that I do is, to\\nprepare myself for a happy exit out of this\\nworld, by the word of God and prayer, through\\nthe assistance of the Holy Spirit. And God be\\npraised, I can and may say, If we live, we\\nlive unto the Lord if we die, we die unto the\\nLord whether we live therefore or die, we are\\nthe Lord s. How great is the happiness to", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0151.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "144 THE SALZBURG ESS\\npossess this knowledge Praised and blessed be\\nGod for the unspeakable gift of his only-begot-\\nten Son to us sinners to me also, the chief of\\nthem with whom he has given all we now have\\nand enjoy in life and in death, as well as what\\nwe shall forever and ever enjoy in the house of\\nour Father in the sweetest and most blessed\\ncommunion with the Triune God It is a faith-\\nful saying I shall be happy forever. My eyes\\nshall behold the source of all joy. I know in\\nwhom I have believed, and I am sure there is\\nlaid up for me a crown of righteousness.\\nA few months before his death there was a\\nslight improvement in his health, and he resumed\\nhis duties as pastor. For seven successive Sab-\\nbaths he preached in Jerusalem church, nor\\nwould he spare himself, notwithstanding the en-\\ntreaties of his brethren, and their offers to per-\\nform his duties for him. His general reply was,\\nI have soon to appear with my hearers before\\nthe judgment-seat of Christ, and I do not wish\\nthat one of them should accuse me there of\\nhaving been the cause of his condemnation.\\nHis last sermon was preached on the fifteenth\\nSunday after Trinity, the subject of which was,\\nThe happinpss of the true Christian.\\nFrom that time his disease seemed to attack\\nhim with renewed violence. The swelling in his\\nfeet increased, and he was no longer able to leave\\nthe house. His colleagues testify that he bore", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0152.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "AND TTTEITl DKPCENDANTS.\\nthe severest pain with the meekness of a lamb,\\nand with perfect resignation to the will of God.\\nDuring a visit of Pastor Lembke, he expressed\\nthe joyful state of his mind in the following\\nterms I cannot describe how happy I am in\\nmy solitude, while I enjoy the presence and\\ncommunion with my Saviour happy oh, inde-\\nscribably happy. From the 7th to the 19th of\\nNovember, a little gruel was all the refreshment\\nhe could take. On the 14th, he desired to unite\\nwith his Christian friends in the celebration of\\nthe Lord s Supper. Previous to the celebration\\nof this ordinance, he remarked to Mr. Lembke\\nI acknowledge our Protestant religion as a\\nprecious treasure in life and in death In my-\\nself I discover naught but sin, but I know that\\nGod has granted me forgiveness for Christ s sake.\\nOn the 18th, Mr. Bolzius became suddenly much\\nworse, and the family sent for Mr. Lembke. On\\nreaching the house Mr. Lembke found him very\\nmuch prostrated, but still perfectly rational.\\nMr. Lembke addressed him in these words\\nFather, I will that they whom thou hast given\\nme, be with me where I am, that they may see\\nmy glory, which thou hast given me. Mr.\\nBolzius repeated the words That they may\\nsee my glory; and then continued: Ah, how\\ndelightful it is in yonder heaven how delightful\\nto be with Christ His bodily sufferings seeming\\nto increase, he patiently remarked, This is a\\n13", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0153.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "14G THK HALZLURCJETiS\\nday of trial. In the evening his friends, sup-\\nposing that his dissolution was approaching ad-\\njusted his pillow that he might rest the easier\\nbut he almost immediately revived, and said,\\nNot yet I have still to bear my sufferings for\\none night longer. The next morning, at six\\no clock, being the 19th o^ November, 1765, this\\nvenerable servant of Christ calmly resigned his\\nspirit into the hands of God, in the sixty-second\\nyear of his eventful and useful life. The day\\nfollowing, his remains were carried to Jerusalem\\nchurch, when Mr. Lembke and Mr. Rabenhorst\\naddressed the large assemblage, who had col-\\nlected from all parts of the surrounding country,\\nto pay a just tribute of respect to one who had\\nbeen a father to them in more senses than one,\\nand to whose wise counsels and faithful and\\nzealous ministrations they were indebted, under\\nGod, for much of their temporal and spiritual\\nprosperity. The scene was a truly affecting\\none, as many of the aged Salzburgers who had\\nbeen his companions in all his tra,vels and perils,\\nboth by sea and by land, and who had shared\\nhis sympathies and his prayers, stood and looked\\nfor the last time upon the countenance of their\\nbest earthly friend, and bedewed his corpse with\\ntheir tears. He was buried in the cemetery,\\nnear Jerusalem church, where his remains still\\nrepose. It is, however, a melancholy truth, that\\nno monument marks his resting-place, and a", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0154.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 147\\nstranger would seek his grave in vain. Never-\\ntheless, he sleeps none the less sweetly and hope-\\nfully, and has left in the hearts of the good and\\nwise a monument more durable than brass. His\\nmemory will remain green as long as Lutheran-\\nism has a name in the South, or there is virtue\\nand intelligence enough among the people of\\nGeorgia to appreciate his almost apostolic la-\\nbours, and his life of long and arduous and\\npatient toil in the cause of his divine Redeemer\\nand the persecuted and exiled Salzburgers. Mr.\\nBolzius left only two children. He had lost\\ntwo before his death, whose sickness and death\\nare supposed to have been caused by opening\\nsome of the swamp-lands near Ebenezer for the\\ncultivation of rice. At the time of his decease\\nhis only son was a student at Halle, and it is\\nbelieved that he never returned to this country.\\nWhen Mr. Muhlenburg visited Ebenezer, in\\n1774, an only maiden daughter of Mr. Bolzius\\n(Miss Catherine) was residing in the family of\\nher aunt, the Widow Lembke. Her subsequent\\nhistory could not be ascertained. It is a melan-\\ncholy thought that no one of his descendants\\nsurvived to perpetuate his name in this country,\\nand that the whole family have become extinct.\\nNevertheless, they live in a purer and brighter\\nsphere, and though lost to the church on earth,\\nthey no doubt constitute a part of the church\\ntriumphant in heaven.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0155.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "148 THE SALZBURGERS\\nCHAPTER VII.\\nState of affiiirs at Ebenezer consequent upon the death of Mi*.\\nBolzius Increase of population and of ministerial labour\\nTransfer of trust to Mr. Rabenhorst Harmony between the\\ntwo pastors Jerusalem church built at Ebenezer Description\\nof the edifice The Swan, Luther s coat of arms Death of\\nMr. Lembke\u00e2\u0080\u0094 His character as a preacher Gottlieb Snider\\nRev. C. F. Triebner sent over as successor to Mr. Lembke\\nHis character Marries a daughter of Mr. Lembke Injudi-\\ncious selection Division in the church Controversy between\\nMessrs. Rabenhorst and Triebner Dr. H. M. Muhlenburg ar-\\nrives at Ebenezer Object of his mission His prudent and\\njudicious conduct The grounds of dispute stated Elders pre-\\nfer charges against Mr. Triebner Origin of the difficulty Dr.\\nMuhlenburg s efforts to reconcile the parties His views of the\\ncase Opinion of Mr. Triebner Plan of settlement proposed\\nRconciliation Dr. Muhlenburg s reflections His opinion of\\nMr. Rabenhorst Exculpates him from all censure His esti-\\nmation of Mr. Rabenhorst as a man and as a preacher Dr.\\nMuhlenburg s labours among the Salzburgers Saves the church\\nproperty from alienation.\\nThe death of Mr. Bolzius devolved upon\\nMessrs. Lembke and Rabenhorst, his successors,\\nthe entire charge of the aifairs of the colony.\\nWe have already seen that, owing to the emigra-\\ntion from Germany, and the rapid natural in-\\ncrease of the population, the field of ministerial\\nlabour had become very large, and the pastoral\\nduties necessarily arduous. Now, that one of", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0156.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0157.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0158.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 140\\ntheir number had been called to his reward,\\nthese labours would be very much increased,\\nand their cares and anxieties greatly multiplied.\\nIt has already been stated, that some time pre-\\nvious to his death, Mr. Bolzius had assigned to\\nMr. Lembke the entire charge of the mill\\nestablishments, and all the property belonging to\\nthe congregations at Ebenezer. This was done\\nin 1757. In 1767, Mr. Lembke made a similar\\ntransfer to Mr. Rabenhorst: this latter transfer\\nwas made two years after the death of Mr.\\nBolzius.\\nThese two faithful men laboured harmoniously\\nand successfully in the discharge of their heavy\\ncivil and religious obligations, and gave entire\\nsatisfaction to those with whose interests they\\nwere intrusted. It has been found impractica-\\nble to gather much information in regard to the\\nadministration of affairs at Ebenezer during the\\nlifetime of Mr. Lembke. The most important,\\nmeasure was the building of the large brick\\nchurch, which still stands near the banks of the\\nSavannah river. A view of the church may be\\nseen on the opposite page. The materials of\\nwhich this church was constructed, were pre-\\npared for the most part among the Salzburgers\\nthemselves, but the funds necessary to defray the\\nexpenses of its erection were contributed by their\\nfriends in Germany. It is stated in Mr. Muhlen-\\nburg s journal, that the sum received for this", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0161.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "150 THE SALZBURGEllS\\npurpose from Europe amounted to something over\\none thousand dollars, and Mr. Rabenhorst gave\\nupward of one hundred and fifty dollars. The\\nchurch is built of brick, eighty by sixty feet, and\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0was originally designed for a two-story edifice.\\nIt is surmounted by a neat belfry, on the top of\\nwhich is a swan, which was said to have been\\nLuther s coat of arms, and is frequently placed\\non the spire of Lutheran churches in Europe.*\\nThe edifice is a plain but substantial one, and is\\nin every respect creditable to those who planned\\nand erected it. But reference will be made to\\nit again.\\nIt has not been found practicable to ascer-\\ntain how long Mr. Lembke continued his labours\\namong the Salzburgers nor under what circum-\\nstances he closed his career. The most general\\nopinion is, that he departed this life a short time\\nbefore the Revolutionary War. Certain it is,\\nthat he was dead in 1774, when Mr. Muhlen-\\nburg visited Ebenezer. Although there are no\\nmeans of ascertaining the particulars connected\\nwith his dying moments, it is not hazarding too\\nmuch to assert, that like his predecessors, his\\nend was peaceful and triumphant. This we have\\nThere is a tradition, that when John Huss, the Bohemian\\nmartyr, was burned by order of the Council of Constance, he re-\\nmarked, You this day burn a goose, (Huss signifying goose;) but\\na hundred years hence a swan will arise, whom you will not bo\\nable to burn in the Bohemian, Luther signifies a swan.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0162.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 151\\na right to infer from his character. That he\\nwas an eminently pious man, is universally ad-\\nmitted by all who knew him. It was our privi-\\nlege, in the years 1845 and 1846, to converse\\nwith a venerable father in Israel, (Mr. Gottlieb\\nSnider,) who lived to the advanced age of more\\nthan four-score years, and who had known Mr.\\nLembke personally, and had often heard him\\npreach. He bore strong testimony to the learn-\\ning, piety, and zeal of Mr. Lembke, and seemed\\nto regard him with the highest veneration. He\\nstated, too, that this was the general estimate in\\nwhich he was held by the entire congregation.\\nNo fears, then, need be entertained in reference\\nto the end of such a man.\\nUpon the death of Mr. Lembke, the Rev.\\nChristopher F. Triebner was sent over by the\\nreverend fathers in Germany, as an adjunct to\\nMr. Rabenhorst. Mr. Tribner was a young\\nman of fine talents, but very impetuous in his\\ncharacter, and seems to have possessed but a\\nvery small share of the humility and piety which\\ncharacterized his predecessors. Shortly after\\nhis arrival he married a daughter of Mr. Lembke,\\nwho was also a niece of Mr. Bolzius. His\\nselection as an assistant pastor at Ebenezer was\\nattended with the most disastrous consequences\\nto the congregation; for he succeeded in raising\\nsuch turmoil and strife among the members, that\\nMr. Muhlenburg was sent on a special miy^ion", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0163.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "152 THE SALZBUllGERS\\nto Ebenezer, in 1774, to heal the difficulties\\nwhich Mr. Triebner had occasioned, and, if possi-\\nble, to save the congregation from ruin.\\nDr. Muhlenburg arrived at Ebenezer in No-\\nvember, 1774, having been especially deputed\\nby the Lutheran pastors in Europe (under whose\\nspiritual care the Salzburgers had been placed)\\nto investigate the grievances complained of seve-\\nrally by Messrs. Triebner and Rabenhorst. As\\nwas to have been expected from his wisdom and\\nexperience. Dr. Muhlenburg managed this un-\\npleasant matter with a great deal of prudence\\nand good judgment. His first step was to call\\nupon the pastors personally, and after a friendly\\ninterview with them, to request that each one\\nwould furnish him with a written statement of\\nhis grievances. This was accordingly done, and\\neach party presented a long list of complaints.\\nIt is not necessary to go fully into particulars,\\nthough the documents might be interesting, espe-\\ncially to the descendants of the Salzburgers. It\\nmust suffice to state, that Mr. Triebner accused\\nMr. Rabenhorst, among other things, 1. That\\nMr. Rabenhorst had appropriated to his private\\nuse certain lands and other property belonging\\nto the church 2. That by his mismanagement\\nthe mill establishments had greatly depreciated\\nin value, and were nearly ruined; 3. That he\\nhad wilfully departed from the church regula-\\ntions established by the fathers in Europe 4.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0164.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "AND TIlEIll DESCENDANTS. 153\\nThat Mr. Rabenliorst s obligation for six hun-\\ndred and forty-nine pounds was five years with-\\nout date, and that the interest was computed\\nsometimes at thirty pounds and again at forty\\npounds, whereas the Rev. Urlsperger fixed it at\\nfifty-two pounds; 5. That Mr. Rabenhorst had\\nassumed to himself the position and prerogatives\\nof first pastor, and had attempted to exercise\\nundue supremacy 6. That Mr. Rabenhorst and\\nhis party, partly through craft and partly\\nthrough violence, had obtained a majority of\\nvotes, and caused the church to be locked\\nagainst Mr. Triebner and his party, c. c.\\nOn the other hand, Mr. Rabenhorst com-\\nplained, 1. That, shortly after the arrival of Mr.\\nTriebner, he attempted to create distrust and\\ndissatisfaction among the members, by accusing\\nMr. Rabenhorst of bad management of the\\nschools, and of making unauthorized changes\\nand innovations in other regulations; 2. That\\nhe had slandered the arrangement of the mill\\nestablishment, as though Mr. Rabenhorst in-\\ntended it for his own use; 3. He denied that\\nMr. Rabenhorst had any legal call at Ebenezer\\n4. He had refused to administer the Lord s Sup-\\nper to Mr. Rabenhorst; 5. Besides the charge\\nof dishonesty, he represented Mr. Rabenhorst\\nas a false teacher, a pretender, and destroyer of\\nthe church; 6. He abolished the fellowship of\\ncolleagues to confer and pray with one another,", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0165.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "154 THE SALZBURGERS\\nlest his affected superiority might not be sus-\\ntained 7. When Mr. Rabenhorst went to Eben-\\nezer to preach, Mr. Triebner invented all kinds of\\nmischief and ill-will, ran out of church, laughed\\nat the preaching, and occasionally criticised the\\nsermon, c. c.\\nBesides these complaints drawn up by Mr.\\nRabenhorst, the deacons likewise presented\\ncharges against Mr. Triebner in writing, which\\nwere laid before Dr. Muhlenburg in due form.\\nThe principal were, 1. Ingratitude toward Mr.\\nRabenhorst, who had received him as a brother,\\nand treated him with every mark of kindness\\n2. Avarice or covetousness, in trying to get con-\\ntrol of the church funds; 3. Anger and re-\\nvenge 4. Pride and arrogance 5. Hatred, envy,\\nand malevolence. There are specifications un-\\nder each of these heads, but it is not necessary\\nto state tbem. These charges were signed by\\nthe deacons, with this pointed remark\\nThis is a faint outline of the image of our Evangeli-\\ncal Lutheran minister, Christopher Frederick Triebner.\\nMay God have mercy on him and each one of us\\nJohn Adam Treutlen,\\nUlrich Neidlinger,\\nChristian Steiner,\\nJoseph Schubtrein,\\nSamuel Krauss,\\nJacob C. Waldhauer.\\nIt may be proper here to state, that one\\ncause of the difficulty between these two minis-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0166.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "A XI) Til KIR DESCEND AXIS.\\nters originated in an election which was held for\\nchurch officers. Mr. Rabenhorst s party was\\nsuccessful, but their right to enter upon the\\ndischarge of their duties A7as strongly contested,\\nand when they took possession of the church,\\nthey had to hold it by force and defend them-\\nselves with swords, c. The deacons claiming\\noffice under Mr. Triebner, as representatives of\\nhis party, were, Messrs. John Caspar Wertsch,\\nJohn Floerl, Christopher Kramer, Matthew Bid-\\ndenbach, John Paulus, and Paul Muller.\\nDr. Muhlenburg, having examined all the\\ndocuments, and having in vain attempted to\\neffect a private reconciliation between the\\nparties, consented to hold a public conference\\nwith the pastors and their respective boards of\\ndeacons, and investigate fully all the matters in\\ndispute. The 23d day of November was ap-\\npointed for this purpose. Dr. Muhlenburg\\nmakes this minute in his journal under this\\ndate: To-day, I expected severe and heart-\\nrending labour, and found myself troubled and\\nentirely unfitted for the work. The old and\\nnew vestry, witnesses of both contending parties,\\ntogether with both the ministers, are to meet to\\nattempt a reunion. I prayed to God secretly,\\nbut could obtain no confidence, and felt like a\\npoor sinner who is being led forth to execution.\\n-i= a J bad previously advised my brother\\nTriebner how, with a few words, he might end", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0167.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "1/jG the salzburgers\\nthe complicated and perplexing strife, viz. if lie\\nwould say before the meeting, \u00c2\u00abI have erred,\\nand ask your cordial forgiveness, and wherein\\nyou have wronged me, that I will forgive with\\nall my heart and forget. For, under all the\\ncircumstances, I could impartially learn that in\\nmany things he had acted unreasonably, not\\naccording to grace, but according to our de-\\npraved nature.\\nThe journal of Dr. Muhlenburg contains a\\ndetailed account of the various propositions for\\na compromise, but it is not necessary to state\\nthe particulars. It is, perhaps, important to\\ngive Dr. Muhlenburg s view of the case, accord-\\ning to the impression made upon his mind.\\nSpeaking of Mr. Tribner, he says: \u00c2\u00abHe en-\\ndeavoured to defend himself against the charge\\nof avarice, and his party testified very ear-\\nnestly in his behalf. In regard to the remaining\\ncounts, various instances were adduced and testi-\\nmony given. He endeavoured, however, partly\\nto justify and partly to deny, and to turn it to\\nthe best advantage for himself, and began to\\nweep, and said, to-day was the day of his visi-\\ntation; he must suffer and leave it all to the\\nrighteous Judge. I aided as much as I could,\\nwith a good conscience, and said, that in strife\\nand enmity, faults and errors of hastiness were\\nconverted into crimes, but where love reigned,\\nthey were covered up, or endured but for a little", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0168.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 157\\nseason. But as he thought he had not erred,\\non the contrary had acted according to grace,\\nconscience, and the instructions of the reverend\\nfathers, I therefore adduced certain points\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2wherein he had erred, and said That even a\\nsubject of grace carried within him the root or\\nseed of all the aforesaid vices, and if he watched\\nnot, could soon be overtaken by them, and that\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0we must avoid also the appearance of them.\\nHe wept again, and said: Such vices as those\\nmentioned were mortal sins, and if they could\\nbe proved against him, he would be unworthy\\nof his office, much less could he continue a mi-\\nnister if the newly-elected vestrymen remained\\nhe would rather remain by himself with his little\\nflock. I told him, finally, that obedience and\\nlove bad induced me to take this fatiguing jour-\\nney to visit them, that, with the help of God,\\npeace and unity might be restored. But if they\\nwere determined to continue in discord and be\\nruined, then my visit and experiment were\\nended and to-morrow, with a sad and heavy\\nheart, I would depart and report the result. I\\nhad hoped, by remaining over winter, that all\\nthings might yet be restored to order, but if this\\nwas the way, it was useless for me to stay. Mr.\\nWertsch and others said I should not adjourn\\nyet, but try another proposition. I replied, that\\nthe following was my advice 1. That they\\nshould bury all their former contentions and\\n14", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0169.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "158 THE SALZBURGKRS\\noiFences, and cordially forgive each other, as\\nthere were faults on all sides 2. To open the\\nJerusalem church for Pastor Triebner, so that\\nboth ministers might, unitedly, perform their mi-\\nnisterial duties in the congregation 3. I would\\nendeavour, with the aid of the ministers, c., to\\nprepare a plan for the better conduct of the whole\\nmatter. Pastor Rabenhorst came to the rescue,\\nand supported the proposition with a warm ex-\\nhortation. I gave my hand to each one present,\\nand said if in aught I had offended or wounded\\nthem, they should forgive me. Pastor Raben-\\nhorst did likewise, and Pastor Treibner followed\\nand said he would forgive his enemies, and would\\nimplore God to forgive them also and thus we\\nseparated. Pastor Rabenhorst and I ate at Mr.\\nTriebner s, and at evening returned home. I\\nwas so tortured and worried in body and spirit,\\nthat I had to lie down. Lord how much\\nhas not the enemy of man already won, if he\\ncan effect a breach between ministers and col-\\nleagues in a church What hateful mischief he\\ndoes to the sheep, when he has disarmed the\\nshepherds 1 How despised is the holy office and\\nits dignity in the sight of Chamites and Canaan-\\nites, when they have seen the nakedness of the\\nfathers, and scoff at it!\\nIt is gratifying to state that the judicious\\nefforts of Dr. Muhlenburg to effect a reconcilia-\\ntion between these disaffected parties were hap-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0170.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 159\\npily crowned with a good measure of success, as\\nwill be seen from the above extract. But feel-\\nings of alienation grew out of these contentions,\\nwhich were never fully pacified, and the bitter\\nfruits growing out of this unfortunate rupture\\nwere seen for many years after. For it has\\nbeen the sad experience of all who have ever\\nhad the misfortune to be connected, even re-\\nmotely, with such schisms, that even though\\nthey may seem to be healed, the asperities of\\nfeeling which result from them are frequently\\nonly smouldered, and it requires a large measure\\nof grace to entirely eradicate and destroy them.\\nIt is no wonder, therefore, that Dr. Muhlenburg,\\ndeeply sensible of the ruinous tendency of all\\nsuch ruptures between Christians, should express\\nhimself so strongly in the latter part of the\\nabove extract from his journal.\\nIn a subsequent part of his journal Dr. Muh-\\nlenburg states, that having examined all the\\nchurch records, he was satisfied that Mr. Ra-\\nbenhorst did not acquire the ministers plantation\\nthrough fraud and evil practices, as Mr. Triebner\\nand evil-disposed persons had complained but\\nthat Mr. Bolzius rejoiced that it had been sold,\\nand that Mr. Rabenhorst took it at \u00c2\u00a3649 16s.\\n5 i., with the consent of the reverend fathers in\\na regular manner, and gave his obligation for it\\nand the fund was thereby secured.* This state-\\nment fully vindicates Mr. Rabenhorst from the", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0171.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "160 THE SALZBURGERS\\nmost serious charge which Mr. Triebner and his\\nassociates brought against him. Further on in\\nhis journal, Dr. Muhlenburg, speaking of Mr.\\nRabenhorst, bears this strong testimony in his\\nfavour When I see with my own eyes, and\\nhear with my own ears in intercourse, that the\\nman possesses a heart of grace, excellent gifts\\nto preach, and still more aptness to catechise;\\nthat he insists upon a new creature in Christ\\nJesus, upon radical repentance, living faith, and\\ndaily renewal; and that he adorns his sound doc-\\ntrine with an edifying, sober, and godly life, c.;\\nwhen I reflect on all this, I must wonder in my\\nsimplicity, what could have been the preponde-\\nrating reasons which prevented our reverend\\nfathers from appointing Rev. Rabenhorst first\\npreacher after the death of Rev. Lembke and\\neven induced them to place at his side, as second\\npreacher, a young man who, although well-mean-\\ning and gifted, was nevertheless inexperienced,\\npassionate, and a dangerous novice and more-\\nover to continue Mr. Rabenhorst as third\\npreacher Most heartily would I have regarded\\nmyself as fortunate, if the Lord had lent us in\\nPennsylvania a labourer like Mr. Rabenhorst,\\nand I would rejoice even in my last days to be\\nthe adjunct of such a man. Although Mr.\\nRabenhorst had been most grossly wronged, and\\nhad been publicly assailed in honour, office, and\\nreputation, yet he was the first, with tears, to", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0172.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 161\\nextend his hand to his offender, to forgive\\nevery thing, and to ask forgiveness. Dr. Muh-\\nlenburg closes his investigation of this whole\\nmatter with these remarks In my humble\\nestimation, Mr. Rabenhorst is the only man pos-\\nsossed of understanding and experience who,\\nwith Divine assistance, can save the Ebenezer\\ncongregations from destruction. If the reverend\\nfathers will only appoint him first preacher, will\\nhold Mr. Triebner tighter in hand, and honour\\nMr. Rabenhorst with a paternal and familiar\\ncorrespondence, all may yet be well.\\nDr. Muhlenburg remained three months in\\nGeorgia, during which time he preached fre-\\nquently in all the churches of the Salzburgers\\nJerusalem, Bethany, Zion, and at Goshen and\\nextended his visits also to Savannah. His\\njournal contains a great many interesting de-\\ntails, which are, however, not necessary for our\\npurpose. This sojourn among the Salzburgers\\nwas of incalculable benefit to the whole settle-\\nment. Beside effecting an amicable adjustment\\nof the unfortunate breach which had occurred\\nbetween the pastors and their respective adhe-\\nrents, his quick penetration led him to perceive,\\nthat in consequence of the manner in which the\\nlands belonging to the churches at Ebenezer had\\nbeen granted, the whole property was placed at\\nthe mercy of the Church of England, to be con-\\nverted to the benefit of that church, whenever\\n14*", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0173.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "162 THE SALZBURGERS\\noccasion might present. The words of the\\ngrant were, In trust for a glebe for St. Mat-\\nthew s Parish, for the use of the ministers of\\nthe Lutheran Church in Ebenezer. On this\\npoint Dr. Muhlenburg remarks The grant to\\nJerusalem church as the principal or mother\\nchurch in the village of Ebenezer, is so strongly-\\narranged and secured that no help is left for it.\\nMr. John Wertsch managed the matter entirely\\nalone, and suffered himself to be outwitted.\\nHe regrets it, but that does not alter the case.\\nThis was also true in relation to the church and\\nschool-house called Bethany. The object was\\ndefined to be, In St. Matthew s Parish, for the\\nuse of a church and school-house, and for the\\nsupport of the minister and master thereof.\\nOf this Dr. Muhlenburg says This is unwit-\\ntingly cut out for the Church of England, as\\nthere is only one church, strictly so speaking,\\nestablished in the British dominions.\\nDr. Muhlenburg was seriously troubled (as\\nwell he might be) when he discovered the critical\\nposition in which these grants placed the church\\nproperty at Ebenezer. He, therefore, visited\\nSavannah, and had an interview with Mr. Ha-\\nbersham, the President of the King s Council,\\nand Anthony Stokes, Esq., Chief Justice for the\\nprovince, in which he represented the gross in-\\njustice and wrong which the Salzburgers were\\nlikely to suffer, unless these grants could be", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0174.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 163\\naltered. He also drew up an able manifesto, in\\nwhich he clearly set forth the just claims of the\\nSalzburgers, and pointed out the distinctive Lu-\\ntheran character of the churches which had\\nbeen established at Ebenezer and its vicinity.\\nThe efforts of Dr. Muhlenburg to secure the\\nrights of the Salzburgers were successful. The\\ngrants were accordingly altered, and the pro-\\nperty forever secured to the Lutheran Church.\\nFor this act alone, the Salzburgers and their\\ndescendants, and in fact the whole Lutheran\\nChurch, owe Dr. Muhlenburg a lasting debt of\\ngratitude.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0175.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "164 THE SALZBURGEE3\\nCHAPTER YIII.\\nDr. Muhlenburg still at Ebenezer\u00e2\u0080\u0094Church discipline\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Views and\\npractices of the founders of American Lutheran Church Evils\\narising from want of discipline False views on the subject\\nThe discipline adopted at Ebenezer in 1774, and duties of pas-\\ntors, officers, and church members defined List of church\\nmembers who signed the discipline, as certified by Dr. Muhlen-\\nburg Settlements at Abercorn and Goshen Mr. Knox buys\\nthe lands at Abercorn Moravian missionaries brought over to\\npreach to the Negroes Labours of the Moravians at Goshen\\nFears of Dr. Muhlenburg Moravians not successful Advice\\nto them by one of the Salzburgers Fears of Dr. Muhlenburg\\nnot realized Moravians leave the settlement Dr. Muhlen-\\nburg s successful labours at Ebenezer\u00e2\u0080\u0094 He leaves Georgia and\\nreturns to Philadelphia Condition of the congregations at\\nEbenezer Reflections.\\nIn another place reference has been made to\\nthe discipline which Dr. Muhlenburg drafted for\\nthe better government of the congregation in\\nand around Ebenezer. It is, perhaps, appro-\\npriate that some extracts from that document\\nshould be here inserted, as this subject is pro-\\nperly connected -with his visit to Ebenezer.\\nThe extracts may be regarded by some readers\\nas rather too long, but they are made so pur-\\nposely, to show what where the opinions of the\\nfounders of American Lutheranism upon the sub-\\nject of church discipline. This is necessary for", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0176.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 165\\ntwo reasons 1. There are many professedly Lu-\\ntheran preachers in the United States who, under\\na mistaken view of Christian liberty^ have never\\nattempted to throw any restraints around the de-\\nportment of the people of their charge. Hence,\\nmany Lutheran church members are very lax in\\ntheir notions of Christian propriety, and parti-\\ncipate in all the fashionable follies of life, seem-\\ningly without any compunctions of conscience.\\nBy this course of conduct the Lutheran Church\\nhas been injured very seriously in the estimation\\nof other enlightened Christian denominations,\\nand in many sections of country has become\\nalmost a by-word. Our church is regarded as\\na body of unconverted professors, whose lives\\nare a scandal to the Christian name and the\\nimpression has been made upon many minds,\\nthat we never have attempted to check the im-\\nproprieties and immorality of which our mem-\\nbers have sometimes been guilty, simply because\\nwe had no discipline which could reach and cor-\\nrect their misdemeanors. It is to be hoped\\nthat this stigma will now be removed, and that\\nthe Christian public will judge us more favour-\\nably in the future. 2. Some of our ministers,\\nand many of our church members, have been\\ndisposed to look upon a judicious and rigid\\nchurch discipline, as a ne\u00c2\u00ab\u00c2\u00bb measure an inno-\\nvation upon the uses of our fathers. In some\\nportions of the Lutheran Church, attempts have", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0177.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "166 THE SALZBURGERS\\nbeen made by designing men, to pander to the\\nprejudices and corruptions of the human heart,\\nby asserting that our pious forefathers never\\nhad any discipline in their churches and that\\nthis movement to control the actions of freemen,\\nby dictating to them what they should or should\\nnot do, would lead inevitably to the establish-\\nment of a censorship, which would ultimately\\ndestroy the rights of conscience, and bind the\\nhuman mind in vassalage to the dictation of a\\nhaughty priesthood. Such were not the senti-\\nments nor the practices of those godly men who\\nlaid the foundation of the Lutheran Church in\\nAmerica. They regarded a scriptural disci-\\npline, wisely and impartially administered, not\\nonly as absolutely necessary, but as fully sanc-\\ntioned by Divine authority. And as far as their\\nexample furnishes 2, precedent, it forever silences\\nthe senseless ranting of those who seek to brand\\nsuch measures as innovations, and who, to ac-\\ncomplish some ulterior design, would leave the\\nchurch without a compass, to be driven about\\nby the tempests of human passion.\\nOur illustrious fathers had wisdom and grace\\nto perceive that the moral power of the church\\ndoes not consist in its numerical strength, but\\nin the piety and purity of its members.\\nHence, they planted themselves upon the pre-\\ncepts of Christ and the apostles and by enforc-\\ning proper regulations in all their congregations,", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0178.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. IG\\nthey sought to give character to the church, and\\nto make the membership living witnesses to the\\nelevating and controling influences of sound\\nChristian principles. They had, too, the moral\\ncourage to do their duty faithfully in this par-\\nticular. They had no fears in relation to their\\npopularity, and never compromised their views\\nof duty, nor shrunk from any responsibilities\\ngrowing out of the faithful discharge of the ob-\\nligations which they owed to Christ and the\\nsouls of their fellow-men. Would to God, their\\nmantle had in all cases descended to their\\nsuccessors But the reader may desire to see\\nthe discipline which was adopted and enforced\\nin the early days of Lutheranism in America.\\nHere is a portion of it. It will be seen that in\\nsome things it goes very minutely into detail,\\nbut it is not the less interesting on that account.\\nTHE ELECTION OF DEACONS, c.\\nThe election of deacons shall take place annually on\\nEaster-Monday, as usual, in the most capacious church,\\nwhere the whole congregation, consisting of all the regu-\\nlar and contributing male members of the Evangelical\\nLutheran Congregation in and about Ebenezer, which\\nholds to the Augsburg Confession and Liturgy, and also\\nto the old Discipline and Rule as described in Chapter I.,\\nis assembled. On the ensuing Sabbath, the church-dea\\ncons, elected by a plurality of the votes of the congrega-\\ntion, shall be presented publicly, at the service in the\\nchurch in which they were elected, by one or other of the\\nministers, when they shall be reminded of the duties of\\ntheir office, be received by taking of the hand, and their", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0179.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "1G8 THE SALZBURGERS\\nnames recorded in the church-register. Previously, how-\\never, the deacons whose oflBce has expired shall be dis-\\nmissed with thanks and wishes of blessing.\\nThe meeting of the church-council shall be subject\\nto the following rules, viz.: When necessary matters and\\nbusiness demand a meeting, the church-council shall be\\npreviously and publicly invited from the pulpit, and the\\ntime and place of meeting specified by the oldest minis-\\nter, so that each member can make his appearance, and\\nnot absent himself without cogent reasons. If, however,\\nthe business will not admit of so long delay, the mem-\\nbers shall be convoked by expresses. The oldest minister,\\nwho has for the longest period of time been in office in\\nthis congregation, and to whom its circumstances are\\nbest known, shall preside at every meeting of the council.\\nShould he, however, be sick, or absent on necessary offi-\\ncial engagements, he shall authorize his colleague to\\nsupply his place in the council. The elder minister, as\\npresident of the assembled council, shall have liberty to\\ninvite his junior colleague to all important meetings of\\nthe church-council, and permit him to keep on record the\\nminutes or protocol, so that he may gain experience for\\nthe future.\\nWhen the whole, or at least two-thirds, of the respecfc-\\nive members of the church-council are present, the pre-\\nsident shall open with a short ejaculatory prayer, and\\neach member shall modestly take his seat and the order\\nof business shall follow thus: 1. The president shall\\nmake known the business concerning which it is neces-\\nsary to consult and deliberate. 2. The president shall\\npresent one point after another, and allow each member\\nto give his opinion and exposition of it. Whoever wishes\\nto speak and offer his advice, shall rise and modestly give\\nhis opinion. No one shall interrupt another while speak-\\ning, and still less shall two persons speak at the same\\ntime. All undue, insulting, sarcastic, and abusive lan-\\nguage and expressions must, in general, and especially\\nin such assemblies, where matters affecting the honour\\nof God, and the welfare of the congregation are con-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0180.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "a:sD their deschndaxts. 1G9\\ngldered, be avoided. 3. It is also very unbecoming in\\nsuch meetings of council, for one individual to be sole\\nspokesman, and arbitrarily wish to have every thing done\\naccording to the views which he conceives to be correct.\\n4. After each one has given his opinion and advice in re-\\ngard to one point, the vote shall be taken upon it the re-\\nsolution made either unanimously or by plurality of vote,\\nand be written down by the minister who records the\\nminutes, and then read to the assembly, to ascertain\\nwhether it has been correctly recorded. 5. A resolution,\\nhowever, in regard to weighty and important matters,\\ncannot and shall not be considered valid, which is not\\nunanimously passed, or, at least, by concurrence of the\\npresident and two-thirds of the regular members of the\\ncongregation. Matters of this kind are such, for exam-\\nple, as the building of churches and school-houses, the\\nelection or discharge of school teachers, the leasing or\\nvending of mills or any other establishment. Should\\nthe church-council have come to a determination, and\\npassed a resolution in reference to one or other such im-\\nportant matters, such resolution shall first be laid pub-\\nlicly before the congregation, and a week s time shall\\nbe given the congregation to reflect on it. Should it\\nturn out, during this week, that either all or two-thirds of\\nthe regular members of the congregation are opposed and\\ndissatisfied, for weighty grounds, the matter shall not be\\nput in force, but shall again receive the deliberation and\\nconsideration of church-council. G. After the session of\\nthe church-council is concluded, the president shall close\\nwith prayer, and see that the most necessary things in the\\nminutes which were resolved for the welfare of the congre-\\ngation, be properly transferred to the church-register.\\nShould one or other member of the ruling church-\\ncouncil, viz. the ministers, deacons, trustees, deputy\\noverseers or managers, deviate from our Evangelical Pro-\\ntestant religion, order, and worship, which are accordant\\nwith the Augsburg Confession, and go over to another re-\\nligious denomination, or perhaps oven give ofience to our\\ncongregation by gross wickedness, (which, however, may\\n1", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0181.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "ITU THE SALZBURGEP.S\\nGod in his mercy forbid and if such be plainly or suf-\\nficiently, convincinpjly, and indisputably proved by two\\nor three reliable -witnesses and if the various degrees\\nof admonition will not make an impression, or produce\\nany reformation, he or they shall be expelled from the\\nchurch-council, and shall have no part in any thing be-\\nlonging to our congregation in and about Ebenezer, until\\na true return take place, and a reconciliation be effected\\nwith the congregation.\\nAs the laudable society in London for the Promotion\\nof the KnoAvledge of Christ, out of affection toward the\\noppressed Protestants from Salzburg and Germany, has\\nkindly undertaken, since the year 1733, to provide and\\ncompensate ministers and school-teachers who adhere to\\nthe Augsburg Confession, for the congregation which at\\nthis time was yet to be planted and has also by certain\\nagreements with a number of prominent ministers of the\\nICvangelical Lutheran mother church, in Germany and\\nEngland, viz. with Mr. Samuel Urlsperger, in Augsburg,\\nGothelf Augustus Francke, D.D., in Halle, and Mr. Frede-\\nrick Michel Ziegenhagen, yet living, as very worthy\\nmembers of the above-mentioned society, and their suc-\\ncessors confirmed and established this privilege, and has\\nactually until this time, for the space of forty-one years,\\nafforded the same thing; therefore, the right to call a\\nminister to Ebenezer congregation rests, upon the agree-\\nment of the laudable society, with the above-mentioned\\nreverend fathers and those whom they are to choose as\\ntheir successors in Europe, and shall continue so long as\\nthe aforesaid are not annulled, or until the Ebenezer con-\\ngregation has become unworthy of such a favour.\\nShould one or other Ebenezer preacher or teacher,\\nsecretly or openly, introduce and disseminate erroneous\\nand soul-destructive doctrines, conflicting with the basis\\nof the apostles and prophets in the word of God, con-\\ntained in the Old and New Testaments, and opposed to\\nour Augsburg Confession, (and other Symbolical Books);\\nor give offences which may be really substantiated, and\\nwhich have become public or transgress by causing", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0182.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCE^ DA^ i^S. 171\\nschisms and factions, he shall first be examined by the\\nother minister and pastor, together AA itli two or three of\\nthe church-council who are experienced in the word and\\nways of God and if found guilty, required to confess,\\ndeplore, and abhor such ofi ences, and particularly to re-\\ncall and expose the erroneous doctrines by manifesting\\nsincere repentance. Should, however, said minister, after\\ndue representations have been made, not be disposed to\\nfulfil the above conditions and stubbornly and wickedly\\ncontinue in such error, then the other minister and the\\nwhole church-council, with the assistance of intelligent\\nand experienced church-members, shall once more inves-\\ntigate said ofi ences and errors, direct the church-council\\nto report the same to the reverend fathers, and await\\nfrom them a full decision. In the mean time they shall\\nsuspend such minister from his ofiice and service until\\nthe offences be removed because in such cases delay is\\ndangerous.\\nIt shall be the duty of the pastor of our congrega-\\ntion to teach and administer in our congregation, purely\\nand without adulteration, publicly and explicitly, the\\ndoctrine of faith and the practical duties following there-\\nfrom of our Evangelical Lutheran religion, and the two\\nsacraments, according to the basis of the apostles and\\nprophets contained in the Holy Scriptures of the Old and\\nNew Testaments, in which Jesus Christ is the corner-\\nstone, (accordant with our Augsburg Confession and other\\nSymbolical Books.)\\nThe qualifications and gifts requisite and necessary\\nfor our ministers and pastors, for the performance of the\\nduties of their office, are amply described in the word of\\nGod, in the New Testament, the infallible rule, guide,\\nand fountain of their faith, life, and conduct, according\\nto their station, office and service. Matt, xxviii. 18-20\\nMark xvi. 15, 16 Eph. iv. 11, 12 1 Tim. iii. 2-13\\nTitus i. 5-11; 1 Pet. v. 2-4; James iii. 1; 1 Tim. iv.\\n10-13 2 Cor. v. 17-20 vi. 1-10 Acts xx. 28 2 Tim.\\niv. 2-5; 1 Cor. xii. 4, 5, 7; Rom. xii. 7, 8; John xiii.\\n34, 35 Matt. vii. 22, 23 1 Cor. xiii. 1-10.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0183.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "172 THE SALZBUIIGERS\\nThey can also learn their duty from the documents\\ncontaining their call and instructions, received from their\\nreverend superiors.\\nAccording to the ordinance introduced at the begin-\\nning, our Ebenczer congregation has had two churches,\\nviz. the \u00c2\u00bbTerusalem and Zion s churches, and has also one\\nchurch in Bethany and so long as there was, are, and\\nwill be two ministers, the whole congregation is and\\nshall be Jointly and associately supplied with the means\\nof grace after the following manner: 1. The older minis-\\nter shall conduct the worship at Zion s church every\\nsecond Sabbath, until otherwise directed by the reverend\\ndirectors he shall also, if health and strength permit,\\ndeliver one catechetical sermon every week in the same\\nplace. Farther, he shall also, in accordance with the\\nprecedence and Christian example of the first ministers\\nand his iirst appointments, have divine service, on differ-\\nent Sabbaths and week-days, in the German Evangelical\\nLutheran congregation at Goshen and in the town of\\nSavannah. The other Sabbaths and fast-days he shall\\nappropriate to holding service in the Jerusalem church.\\nThe second preacher, who at the present time lives in the\\nlittle town of Ebenezer, near Jerusalem church, shall\\nconduct worship in the Jerusalem church, until other-\\nwise ordered by the reverend directors, on Sabbath and\\nfast-days, so that the Ebenezer congregation shall lose\\nnothing on those Sabbaths and fiist-days on which the\\nolder minister has divine service at Goshen and Savan-\\nnah. Furthermore, the second preacher shall also de-\\nliver a catechetical sermon weekly in the Jerusalem\\nchurch; and as the members residing in Bethany are\\nnearest to Jerusalem church, and belong to it, and as\\nthey have, with the approval of the first blessed ministers,\\nbuilt a church in Bethany, considering that the old, in-\\nfirm, and sickly members and children can scarcely\\nattend the Jerusalem church, and yet have need of\\nspiritual nourishment, it was, therefore, resolved by the\\nchurch-council, that the people in Bethany shall regu-\\nlarly have divine service, if possible, every fourth Sab-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0184.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 1\\nbath by the preacher who lives nearest to them. Vid.\\nminutes of January 12, 1774/ Yet this resohition shall\\nnot be enforced, except with the condition, that the\\nminister receives the necessary travelling expenses, and\\nentertainment for himself and horse because, according\\nto the teachings of Christ, the labourer is worthy of his\\nmeat and wages.\\nAccording to the good regulation already introduced,\\nthe Lord s Supper shall be administered, if possible, every\\nsix weeks in our Ebenezer congregation after this man-\\nner, viz.: 1. It shall be published two weeks previously,\\nafter the morning service, in both churches or in one,\\nwhen the whole congregation is assembled in it; and the\\nnames of such as signify their intention to commune\\nshall be recorded by the respective minister or ministers.\\nShould any of the members not be present when the an-\\nnouncement is made, and yet be desirous of participating,\\nthey shall be allowed to make known their intention at\\nthe service of the preceding week, or privately to one or\\nother of the pastors. Both ministers shall mutually com-\\nmunicate to each other the names each one may have re-\\ncorded, and confer betimes over them in a paternal and\\nbrotherly way, to ascertain whether there might be one\\nor more among the number against whom complaint may\\nexist, known either to the pastor himself by personal ob-\\nservation, or which information has been given by credit-\\nable testimonies. In such cases they must use particular\\nwisdom and foresight, according to the rule of their\\nSaviour and Master, in Matt. x. 16, so that they may\\ndeal impartially, without carnal aifections and passions\\nthat they may not judge according to hearsay; but con-\\nfront accusers, accused, and witnesses, and, as the issue\\nmay be, either acquit the innocent or proceed with the\\nguilty, according to the degrees of exhortation. Should,\\nhowever, in this affair, important matters be affected,\\nthen the pastors shall have liberty to admit to their aid\\nseveral intelligent and God-fearing members of the church-\\ncouncil. Neither of the two pastors shall, however, be\\npermitted to exclude, upon his own responsibility, anv\\n16-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0185.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "174 THE SALZBUKGERS\\none from participating in the Lord s Supper but it shall\\nbe done with the knowledge of both, provided there be\\nreasons and grounds sufficient which demand such pro-\\ncedure. And if it happen that any one has given of-\\nfence to the congregation by gross and open sins and\\nvices, and such persons or person hag or have been\\nbrought to sincere repentance and sorrow on account of\\nhis or their sins, by the admonition and instruction of\\nthe pastors, through the word and Spirit of God and if\\nthey evince an earnest desire, nest to God, to be again\\nreconciled with the congregation, then the church disci-\\npline shall be enforced as has been usual at other occa-\\nsions, on the Sabbatii on which the Lord s Supper is ad-\\nministered, as follows: The penitent or penitents shall\\nbe called out by name before the public assembly of the\\ncongregation, and commended to their compassionate in-\\ntercession, and be again restored with appropriate admo-\\nnition. In regard, however, to errors and liiults com-\\nmitted through thoughtlessness, which occurred secretly\\nand not publicly, and through which the congregation re-\\nceived no offence, the person guilty shall on no account\\nbe reprehended publicly from the pulpit, personally or\\nby name, but shall be set aside privately by the pastor,\\nand be directed to reform. Because, should any other\\nmethod be pursued, imbittered feelings might be aroused,\\noffence given, and injury done. The minister shall never-\\ntheless retain perfect right and liberty to denounce each\\nand every sin and deviation from the holy law of God, as\\nis directed by the teachings of Jesus Christ and his holy\\napostles. The confession shall be held in both churches\\non Saturday morning, by both ministers. In case, how\\never, one of the ministers should be sick, and the other\\nthus be alone, it shall be held in the largest church,\\nwhere all who have given in their names can be con-\\nvened. The Lord s Supper shall, as usual, be adminis-\\ntered in the most capacious church and by both ministers,\\nviz.: the elements shall be consecrated and the bread dis-\\ntributed by the elder minister, and the consecrated cup\\nshall be given by the junior minister. The colicotinn, as", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0186.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 175\\ndirected, shall be taken up while the congregation is dis\\npersing.\\nThe following rules shall be adopted in regard to thv\\ninstruction and confirmation of young persons 1. Pa-\\nrents, guardians, and masters shall be allowed to make\\nmention of the young persons intrusted to their care,\\nand send them to either of the two pastors nearest to\\nwhom they may live, or whom they may prefer 2. Both\\nparties shall employ the utmost fidelity, according to the\\ngrace which has been bestowed upon and received by\\nthem, to ground, through the love of Christ, the young\\nsouls intrusted to them, thoroughly, by the assistance\\nand power of the Holy Spirit, in our evangelical doc-\\ntrines of faith and duties of life, or in the order of salva-\\ntion, or in the counsel of God conducing to blessedness,\\nupon Jesus Christ, the rock of our salvation 3. After\\nthis has been performed, and the time has arrived when\\nthey shall be publicly examined and tested, when they\\nshall renew their baptismal vow and be confirmed, then\\neach pastor may publish the time and day, and examine\\nthe little flock which he has instructed in one or other\\nof the two churches, receive the vows of the faithful, and\\nkindly invite his colleague and co-pastor to attend be-\\ncause, by such a solemn act, faithful ministers and shep-\\nherds may be animated, encouraged, and excited to in-\\ntercessions, if they have at all the spirit and disposition\\nof Christ, the Lord of his own 4. The persons newly\\nconfiruied by each minister shall be registered in a\\nsuitable church record, and preserved as a testimony to\\nposterity.\\nThe order established by the first minister, with the\\napprobation of the reverend directors, in regard to the\\npublic worship on Sabbath and fast-days in our Ebenezer\\ncongregation, shall remain undisturbed, and shall be ob-\\nserved in our church as follows: 1. At the usual time in\\nthe morning, the minister shall commence with the prayer\\nfrom the London Liturgy; 2. The school-teacher shall\\nread a chapter from the Holy Bible, following the prayer\\nin order; o. The minister shall announce a spiritual", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0187.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "176 THE SALZBniGERS\\nhymn from the Holy Ilymn Book, according to its num-\\nber, and also whether the whole, or (if only a part) how\\nmany verses shall be sung 4. The minister shall read\\nthe Epistle or Gospel appointed for the day 5. The hymn\\nshall be again sung, it being previously announced as be-\\nfore 6. The minister shall offer up an extemporaneous\\nprayer, and end with the Lord s prayer 7. He shall read\\nthe Epistle or Gospel, or text which forms the basis of his\\nremarks 8. He shall preach his sermon, and close it with\\nprayer 9. The general prayer from the London Liturgj\\nshall follow, and be finished with the Lord s prayer 10.\\nAll the necessary announcements shall be made, and con-\\ncluded by an apostolic wish; 11. There shall be singing;\\n12. The congregation shall be dismissed with the Lord s\\nbenediction. The afternoon service shall be commenced,\\n1. By reading a chapter from the Holy Scriptures 2.\\nSinging 3. The young persons and children shall re-\\nhearse what they have learned passages from the little\\nbook of the blessed Tolner, the catechism of Luther, the\\norder of salvation, or hymns 4. Singing 5. The minis-\\nter shall offer up a prayer, and catechise the children,\\neither on what the) have rehearsed, or on the Epistle or\\nGospel read that day G. He shall close with prayer, and\\n**Our Father, c.; 7. Singing, and dismission of the\\ncongregation with the blessing of the Lord.\\nThose who at any time shall be the ministers of our\\nEbenezer congregation, shall, according as God has given\\nthem grace, gifts, and experience, for Avhich they shall\\ndaily implore the Lord and Master, be strenuously en-\\ngaged for the general and particular salvation and educa-\\ntion of the lambs and sheep intrusted to them, and pur-\\nchased by the blood of Jesus Christ himself. They shall\\nvisit industriously the schools, as also the sick mem-\\nbers, when and as often as they desire it, and supply\\nthem with the means of grace, so far as time, health, and\\nstrength will admit. In case one or other of the minis-\\nters is afflicted with sickness and confined, it shall be the\\nduty of the other, who is well, as much as by the aid of\\nGud he may be able, amid the other neccsffary engage-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0188.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "AND TIIEir. DESCEXDANTS.\\nnients of his office, to conduct the worship on the Lord s\\nday in one or other, or both churches alternately, and\\nserve and visit the filial or young congregation sprung\\nfrom the parent congregation, on one or other day\\nof the Aveek, until the sick minister be restored. Fur-\\nther, the ministers and pastors shall also, according to\\nthe example of the first minister of the congregation,\\nso pleasing to God himself, confer diligently, either orally\\nor by writing, concerning official or casuistic cases\\nwhich may be brought before them the one serving the\\nother vrith the gifts which he has received, and thereby\\nmanifest to the flock that, from thorough self-knowledge\\nand just application of unction from on high, each re-\\ngards the other as superior to himself; that they serve\\none Lord of all, and one congregation, and take heed\\nunto themselves and the doctrine that they preserve in\\na pure conscience the precious charge intrusted to them;\\nand fight the good fight, so as to save both themselves\\nand their hearers. 1 Tim. iv. 16. In this way, and not\\notherwise, can the will of God be accomplished, the wish\\nof our fathers be fulfilled according to Psalm csxxiii.,\\ntheir own hearts be rejoiced, the burden of their duties\\ntoward the congregation alleviated, and their conversation\\nand exemplary walk become a Avholesome terror to the\\nobstinate, and serve as a blessing and comfort and means\\nof growth in grace to the obedient sheep and lambs.\\nOF CHURCH MEMBERS.\\nWhoever wishes to become and remain a member of\\nour Evangelical Lutheran Church, holding to the Augs-\\nburg Confession and Liturgy, in and about Ebenezer,\\nand have part in the spiritual and temporal benefits, pri-\\nvileges, and rights, must, in the first place, have been or\\nbe received within the covenant of grace by holy bap-\\ntism, with the Divine Majesty of God the Father, Son,\\nand Holy Spirit 2. He must be or have been instructed\\nfor the participation in the Lord s Supper he must be\\nconfirmed and received as a communing member 3. He", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0189.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "178 THE SALZBURGERS\\nmust, as much as possible, regularly attend to the hear-\\ning of the word of God, and participate in the Lord s\\nSupper 4. He must voluntarily contribute, according to\\nhis abilit3% of his gifts and merits toward the continua-\\ntion and support of the evangelical worship of God, when-\\never and wherever the deacons may demand it; 5. He\\nmust not live in, or be found guilty of, prevailing sins\\nand vices, contrary to the divine moral code or the ten\\ncommandments of God, nor indulge in the open works\\nof tl\\\\e flesh enumerated in Gal. v. 19-21; 1 Cor. v. 1-12;\\nvi. 9, 10 but he must conduct himself as a Christian,\\naccording to his calling and the doctrine of Jesus Christ\\n6. In case, however, one or other member should be over-\\ntaken in faults, through the subtle artifice of Satan, of\\nthe flesh, and of the deceitfulness of the world, or, per-\\nhaps, even fall into great sins, and such failings or sins\\ncome to the knowledge of the ministers and pastors, then\\nthey shall first call these fallen souls to account, alone, with\\ncompassionate love and seriousness regarding them as\\nwandering, lost, and wounded sheep, and admonish them\\nto repent, point the sin and uncleanness again to the\\nfree and open fountain, and give them advice and direc-\\ntion how they, as lost sons and daughters, may again\\nreach their home. Should this course prove fruitless,^\\nthe pastors shall make still further attempts to retrieve\\nthem; and admit to their assistance two or three mem-\\nbers of the church-council, Avho are experienced in the\\nword and ways of God, and repeat the afl ectionate admo-\\nnitions. And if this also prove abortive, then such per-\\nsons, continuing in their sins, shall be cited to appear be-\\nfore the church-council and pastors, and the last admoni-\\ntion shall be applied. If, however, they refuse to appear\\nand obey, their name shall then be recorded in the\\nminutes of the congregation, and then have neither part,\\nnor right, nor sufi rage in the congregation, and its privi-\\nleges and benefits, until, peradventure, by God s grace,\\nlong-sufi ering and mercy, for the intercession of Jesus\\nChrist the Mediator, through the disciplining and gra-\\ncious workings of the Spirit of God, true conversion", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0190.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "AND Tin-IR DESCENDANTS. 179\\ntakes place, and they give evidence of such by proofs,\\nand withal, desire to be again received into the congre-\\ngation then they may be received, provided they ac-\\nknowledge and confess, in open assembly of the congre-\\ngation, the offences alleged, and ask forgiveness and re-\\nconciliation through the pastors.\\nTo all the above Fundamental Articles, Constitutions,\\nand Rules, upon which and according to which a German\\nEvangelical Lutheran congregation, composed of Salzburg\\nemigrants and Protestants accompanying them, was\\nfounded, established, governed, and maintained (and\\nshall in the future, through all time, be maintained and\\ngoverned) in and about Ebenezer, in the Province of\\nGeorgia, (by virtue of the freedom of conscience granted\\nby God and the constitution of Great Britain,) professing\\nand adhering to the word of God and the Augsburg Con-\\nfession, the ministers, pastors, and school-teachers who\\nmay at any time be in office, all the trustees, elders, dea-\\ncons, each regular contributing, communing church mem-\\nber, mutually and deliberately bind themselves, with\\nheart and hand and signature of their names and that,\\ntoo, with the express condition, that he or they who acts\\ncontrary to the above constitution, seeking in any way\\nto annul or pervert it, shall have neither part or right,\\nnor vote, nor pretension to the spiritual and temporal\\ngoods and benefits of the Ebenezer congregation.\\nEbenezer, Georgia, December 14, 1774.\\nThat the above is a true transcript of the original\\nFundamental Articles, Constitution, and Rules, which were\\nunanimously ratified by the church-council in public\\nassembly at Ebenezer, with the signatures of their names,\\nand also on the 2Gth of January, 1775, by the congrega-\\ntion in Jerusalem church at Ebenezer, plainly and dis-\\ntinctly heard and approved and confirmed by the signa-\\nture of their names, is hereby testified and affirmed by\\nHenry Melchior Muhlenburg, at the time Reverend of\\nEvangelical Ministerium, Philadelphia, Minister Senior,\\nand authorized agent of the Reverend Directors of tho\\nEbenezer congresration, c. c.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0191.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "180\\nTHE BALZBTTRGERr-\\nThe undersigned, respective members of the\\nchurch-council, are the Reverend Ministers, the\\nTrustees and Deacons, and appear in the origi-\\nnal, subscribed as follows\\nChristian Rabenliorst, i\\nChristopher Prederick Triebner, J\\nDEACONS.\\nJohn Casper Wertsch,\\nJohn Floerl,\\nJoseph Schubtrein,\\nDavid Steiner,\\nConrad Rahn,\\nChristopher Kraemer.\\nJohn Michael,\\nJohn Paulus,\\nJohn Remshart,\\nMatt. Bedenbach,\\nBalthasar Rieser,\\nCaspar Heil,\\nJohn Hangleiter,\\nCharles McCay,\\nLucas Zeigler,\\nGeorge Gruber,\\nChristopher Oechsle,\\nHans Jiirk Winckler,\\nJohn Martin Dasher,\\nGeorge Schwiuger,\\nIsrael Leimberger,\\nJohn George Bentz,\\nNicholas Michael,\\nJacob Housler,\\nSolomon Schrempf,\\nChristian Dasher,\\nErnest Zittrauer,\\nJohannes Mauror,\\nJohn Adam Treutlen,\\nUlrich Neidlinger,\\nJacob C. Waldhauer,\\nJohn Ivugel,\\nChristian Steiner,\\nSamuel Krauss.\\nVeit Lochner,\\nJohn Martin Paulitsoh,\\nJohn Paul Moeller,\\nJacob Metzger,\\nJacob Mack,\\nPhilip Paulitsch,\\nMichael Mack,\\nChristopher Rottenbepgcr,\\nMichael Reiser,\\nJohn Schuele,\\nJohn Adam Freyermuth,\\nJacob Tarringer,\\nJacob Meyer,\\nJohn G. F. Zittrauer,\\nJohn G. H. Schneider,\\nJohn Justus Gravenstein,\\nJohn Rentz,\\nJohn Heinley,\\nJohn C. Oechsle,\\nNicholas Schubtrein,\\nNicholas Helme,\\nGeorge Gnann,", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0192.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS.\\n181\\nJacob Buehler,\\nJohn Bollinger,\\nRuprecht Zimmerebner,\\nHenry Ludwig Bentz,\\nJohn Steiner,\\nDaniel Burgsteiner,\\nJohn Christian Krinberger,\\nDaniel Weitmann,\\nMartin Dasher,\\nMattheus Rahn,\\nJohn Gottleib Ott,\\nIsrael Lackner,\\nMathias Meyer,\\nJohn Kogler,\\nG. Israel Schmidt,\\nNathaniel Ott,\\nConrad Frank,\\nJohn Michael Oechsle,\\nJohn Metzger,\\nJohn Bolleinger,\\nSolomon Zandt,\\nJohn Adam Paulus,\\nAndreas Gnann,\\nJohn Rottenberger,\\nMichael Heisman,\\nFrederick Lackner,\\nSamuel Metzger,\\nAndrew Seckinger,\\nBenjamin Rieser,\\nJohn Sherraus,\\nFrederick Schrempf,\\nJacob Mohr,\\nJohn Christian Buntz,\\nJohn George Maurer,\\nIsrael Rieser,\\nJohn George Beckley,\\nJohn Scheraus,\\nJacob Heinley,\\nJacob Gnann,\\nPeter Freyermuth,\\nJohn Gottleib Neidlinger,\\nJohn Christian Gugel,\\nAbraham De Roshe,\\nSamuel Deppe,\\nBenjamin B. Glaner,\\nJonathan Seckinger,\\nJohn Glaner,\\nJohn Gottleib Schneider,\\nMichael Halerer,\\nFrederick Helfenstein,\\nJacob Metzger,\\nMathees M. Schule,\\nJacob Kiefer,\\nJohn Heckel,\\nGeorge Zeigler,\\nPaul Fanck,\\nSigismund Ott,\\nJohn Pfiuger,\\nAndreas Seckinger,\\nTimotheus Lembke,\\nGeorge Bechly,\\nJohn Rentz,\\nJohn Gottlieb Fetzer,\\nJoseph Schubtrein, Jr.,\\nJacob Schmidt,\\nEmanuel Kiefer,\\nIsrael Kiefer,\\nGeorge Ditters,\\nAndreas Biddenbach.\\nThis list of names shows that on the 16th of\\nJanuary, 1775, there were one hundred and\\n10", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0193.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "182 THE SALZBTIIIGEKS\\ntwenty-four male members present at Jerusalem\\nchurch, when the discipline was solemnly ratified\\nand subscribed. There is no doubt that many of\\nthe members were absent but still it furnishes\\nsufficient evidence of the numerical strength of\\nthe congregation at that time. The list of names\\nis inserted entire, as a matter of reference for\\nthe benefit of the descendants of the Salzburgers\\nwho still survive, many of whom will probably\\nbe gratified to have this opportunity to trace out\\ntheir genealogy. Besides, it may be necessary\\nto use it in noticing the dispersion of the Salz-\\nburgers into other portions of Georgia, and the\\nchanges which many of them have made in their\\nchurch relations. For it will appear hereafter,\\nthat very many of the descendants of these\\nmen forsook the church of their fathers, and\\nunited with other communions. All that some\\nof them carried with them was the name of\\ntheir venerable ancestors for the Lutheran\\nChurch they seem to have lost all affection and\\nreverence. But we will dwell more fully upon\\nthis topic in its proper place.\\nThere is one other historical fact brought to\\nlight in Dr. Muhlenburg s journal, which must\\nnot be omitted, and it will not be inappropriate\\nto record it here. Reference has been made to\\nthe settlement at Abercorn, and the establish-\\nment of a Lutheran Church at Goshen. Dr.\\nMuhlenburg states, under date, January 7, 1775", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0194.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 183\\nThe so-called Abercorn was originally settled\\nby Germans of our confession gradually, how-\\never, it fell into the hands of two English gen-\\ntlemen, who are now the proprietors, and culti-\\nvate the land with Negro slaves. The adjoining\\nland, called Goshen on account of its fertility,\\nwas settled originally by our brethren in the\\nfaith and our beloved ministers, Bolzius and\\nLembke, each patented five hundred acres of\\nland, which were suitable for the cultivation of\\ngrain and rice. The faithful but poor brethren\\ncould not cultivate nor continue to hold them,\\nand were compelled to sell them to an English-\\nman in Savannah, who was likewise forced to\\nre-sell them to Mr. Knox, who keeps a large\\nnumber of negroes and overseers upon them.\\nThere are about fifteen families of our German\\nbrethren in the faith still living at Goshen, hav-\\ning a small church and school-house, who were\\nserved with the means of grace by the late\\nministers, and up to this time by Pastor Ra-\\nbenhorst,\\nDr. Muhlenburg further remarks, that while\\nhe was at Ebenezer two Moravian ministers ar-\\nrived at Savannah, who had been brought over\\nby Mr. Knox as missionaries, to labour among\\nthe slaves on his plantation. As a compensation\\nfor their services, Mr. Knox stipulated to give\\nthem one hundred and fifty acres of land, and\\nto allow them the use of ten or twelve slaves to", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0195.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "184 THE SALZBURQEKS\\ncultivate it. These Moravian brethren applied\\nfor the use of the Lutheran Church at Goshen\\nto preach in. Dr. Muhlenburg seems to have\\nhad some fears in reference to their influence\\nupon the Lutheran families about Goshen, espe-\\ncially in view of the distracted state of the\\nEbenezer congregations, growing out of the dif-\\nficulty between Messrs. Rabenhorst and Triebner.\\nSpeaking of the presence of these missionaries\\nat Goshen, he says: I doubt not, according to\\ntheir known method of insinuation, they will\\ngain the most, if not all, the remaining families\\nin Goshen, and w411 also make an attempt on\\nEbenezer, for their ways are well adapted to\\nawakened souls. I have learned by experience\\nthat where strife and disunion have occurred in\\nneighbourhoods and congregations, among the\\nGermans in America, there black and white\\napostles have immediately appeared, and tried to\\nfish in the troubled waters, like eagles which\\nhave a keen sight and scent. Well, be it so. He\\nwho controls all things has all power given unto\\nhim in heaven and on earth. He is the keeper\\nof Israel, and never sleeps nor slumbers. What\\nhe ordains or permits must finally conduce to\\nthe glorification of his great name, wjien all his\\nenemies shall have been placed beneath his\\nfeet.\\nThe fears of Dr. Muhlenburg, in relation to the\\ninroads which the Moravians might make upon the", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0196.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 185\\nGoshen church, were happily not realized. For,\\nin another part of his journal, this minute is to\\nbe found under date of the 21st of January:\\nThe Moravian emissary held his first meeting\\nin the plantation last Sunday, and preached in\\nbroken English. He exerted himself also very\\nmuch to build up his interests in the Lutheran\\nChurch there, or else to erect a church near it\\nfor himself. A person acquainted with the state\\nof things told him, that the Ebenezer congrega-\\ntion and its associates had hitherto been served\\nby regularly-called Evangelical Lutheran minis-\\nters and pastors, and as he had been called to\\ninstruct the Negro slaves, we wished him God-\\nspeed and success in it and if they had any\\nsuperfluous time and strength, there were yet\\nenough other inhabitants and Indians in Georgia,\\nwho were sitting in darkness and the shadow of\\ndeath, and needed much help for instruction and\\nconversion.\\nThese missionaries Avere not, it would seem\\nfrom this, as successful as they anticipated, and\\nin a few years left the colony, and went probably\\nto Pennsylvania. Goshen remained a part of the\\nEbenezer charge even after the Revolutionary\\nWar but we shall speak of it more fully here-\\nafter.\\nDr. Muhlenburg fully accomplished the ob-\\njects of his mission to Georgia. He succeeded\\nin healing the breach between Messrs. Ilabcn-\\n16*", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0197.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "186 THE SALZBtjIlGERS\\nhorst and Triebner, and restored harmony to\\nthe church. Besides which, he investigated\\nthoroughly all the financial affairs of the con-\\ngregation, took an inventory of the church pro-\\nperty, had all the deeds and grants, c. pro-\\nperly secured and recorded and transmitted to\\nthe founders of the church in Germany a mi-\\nnute detail of all his observations and proceed-\\nings. During this visit, he performed a vast\\namount of labour, and displayed a degree of\\nprudence and Christian fidelity which are\\nworthy of all praise. His duties were fre-\\nquently of the most delicate and embarrassing\\ncharacter, but he never shrunk from them and\\nwhile he always exhibited a nice regard for the\\nfeelings of those whose conduct he was sent to\\ninvestigate, he never swerved from the path of\\nduty, but performed his stewardship faithfully\\nand conscientiously, and to the entire satisfac-\\ntion of all parties. He left Savannah on the\\n20th of February, 1775, and arrived in Phila-\\ndelphia on the 6th of March, after a tempestu-\\nous and rather unpleasant passage. The Salz-\\nburgers and their descendants should cherish\\nthe memory of Dr. Muhlenburg with lively gra-\\ntitude. For, as has already been seen, he was\\nnot only instrumental in restoring harmony to\\nthe congregation he saved the church property\\nfrom being alienated, and by his presence and\\nlabours, and the introduction of a wholesome", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0198.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 187\\ndiscipline, he prepared the way for the future\\npeace and prosperity of the church. If, in after\\nyears, his wise counsels and godly conversation\\nlost their influence among the Salzburgers, and\\nthey chose to walk according to their own vain\\nand foolish imaginings, he at least must he ex-\\nonerated from all censure, for he did every\\nthing which human wisdom could devise and hu-\\nman agency could accomplish, to place the congre-\\ngation at Ebenezer upon such a footing as would\\nsecure its permanent prosperity and success.\\nThe wisest and most judicious efforts are, how-\\never, sometimes unavailing to prevent the down-\\nfall of a church especially is this the case,\\nwhen God s people provoke his displeasure by\\ndisobedience to those laws which he has enacted\\nfor the regulation of their conduct. Wo to\\nany people, when by their rebellious spirit they\\narouse the righteous displeasure of God Icha-\\nbod will be written upon their sanctuaries and\\namid the storms of passion which ensue, their\\nsouls will be given up to spiritual leanness and\\nbarrenness.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0199.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "188 THE SALZBtJRaEliS\\nCHAPTER IX.\\nAffairs at Ebenezer after Dr. Muhlenburg s departure Raben-\\nhorBt and Triebner Pastors cease to be Trustees, and the trust\\ntransferred to the church oflBcers\u00e2\u0080\u0094 -Mr. Rabenhorst created yira^\\npastor State of feeling between the two pastors Inventory\\nof church property Its estimated value Church funds Viewa\\nof the propriety of creating them A case of necessity with the\\nSalzburgers ^General state of the colony\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Prosperity of Eben-\\nezer A fancy sketch Commercial relations of Ebenezer\\nGradual extension of the settlements New settlers come in\\nCommencement of the Revolution ^Stamp Act and tax on tea\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094State of the public mind in the Province of Georgia Posi-\\ntion of the Salzburgers Provincial Congress in Savannah\\nSalzburgers in that Congress\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Majority of them side with the\\nColonists Protest of a portion of the Salzburgers\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Adherents\\nto the Crown in St. Matthew s Parish Patriotic and noble sen-\\ntiments of the Salzburgers Mr. Triebner sides with the Crown\\nJudicious course of Mr. Rabenhorst His long and successful\\nlabours, and death.\\nThe departure of Dr. Muhlenburg from\\nGeorgia was universally regretted by all the\\nSalzburgers, and particularly by Mr. Raben-\\nhorst and his family. To this family he became\\nvery strongly attached, and he makes frequent\\nmention of them in his journal, and especially\\nof Mrs. Rabenhorst, whom he calls his foster-\\nmother, adding, The king s daughter is all\\nglorious within. Like a precious gem, is so", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0200.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 189\\nhumble a soul. Mr. Rabenhorst was very\\ndeeply affected in separating from Dr. Muhlen-\\nburg. In him he had found a prudent friend,\\na judicious adviser, and a warm-hearted and\\naffectionate brother. Besides, Dr. Muhlenburg\\nseems to have formed a just estimate of the\\ntalents and sincere piety of Mr. Rabenhorst;\\nand as there was great congeniality of spirit\\nbetween them, they became united in the bonds\\nof an indissoluble friendship. Mr. Rabenhorst\\nwas likewise apprehensive, from the known cha-\\nracter of his associate, (Mr. Triebner,) that the\\nabsence of Dr. Muhlenburg would furnish an\\nopportunity for new difficulties, if not for the\\nopening of the old breach.\\nAgainst the recurrence of any further disrup-\\ntion between the two pastors and their respec-\\ntive parties, Dr. Muhlenburg had endeavoured\\nto guard, as far as a wise foresight would accom-\\nplish such an object. He carefully investigated\\nall the financial affairs of the church, and placed\\nin the hands of the trustees a statement of the\\nproperty belonging to the congregation, together\\nwith the deeds, grants, c., and arranged that\\nthe trustees, and not the pastors^ should as far as\\npracticable superintend the management of all\\nthe temporal affairs of the congregation. He\\nfurther inducted Mr. Rabenhorst as first pastor\\nor senior minister, and made such an arrange-\\nment in reference to the relations which he and", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0201.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "190 THE SALZBURGERS\\nMr. Triebner should in future sustain toward\\neach other, as to prevent any further jealousy\\nor disaffection. With a man of Mr. Triebner s\\ndisposition it was, however, almost impossible\\nto live upon terms of friendship, and for the\\nsimple reason, that he was in a great measure\\ndestitute of that spirit of Christian humility and\\nbrotherly love, which was necessary to make\\na true yoke-fellow in the gospel. Besides,\\nthe rupture between him and his colleague had\\nbeen of such a character, that it was difficult, if\\nnot impossible, to induce a man like Mr. Trieb-\\nner, having, it is to be feared, but a small share\\nof grace in his heart, cordially and sincerely to\\nforgive the past, and to become fully reconciled\\nto his brother. If, therefore, there was no open\\nhostility between the parties, the asperity of\\nfeeling on the part of Mr. Triebner was never\\nfully subdued.\\nIt has been stated that Dr. Muhlenburg made\\na careful investigation of all the property be-\\nlonging to the church, at the time of his last\\nvisit to Ebenezer in 1774 and 1775. For the\\nsatisfaction of those who may feel interested in\\nthis matter, a copy of the inventory which he\\nleft is here inserted\\n1. In the hands of Pastor Rabenhorst, a capital of\\n300?. 165. 5d.\\n2. In the hands of John Caspar Wertsch, for the store,\\n300/.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0202.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 191\\n3. In the mill treasury, notes and money, 229^. 16^. 2d.\\n4. Pastor Triebner has some money in hands, (400Z.,)\\nthe application of which has not been determined by\\nour Reverend Fathers.\\n5. Belonging to the church is a Negro boy at Mr. John\\nrioerrs, and a Negro girl at Mr. David Steiner s.\\n6. A town-lot and an out-lot, of which Mr. John\\nTriebner has the grant in his hands.\\n7. An inventory of personal goods in the mills be-\\nlonging to the estate.\\n8. And, finally, real estate, with the mills, 925 acres of\\nland.\\nAt a very reasonable estimate, tliis property\\nmust have been worth about twelve thousand\\ndollars. To this sum additions were subse-\\nquently made, by donations from the patrons of\\nthe colony in Germany, and by legacies from\\nprivate individuals so that it is not assuming\\ntoo much to say, that the church property could\\nnot have been worth much less than twenty\\nthousand dollars.\\nIt has been questioned by many wise and judi-\\ncious minds, whether the funding of a large\\ncapital for the benefit of a congregation is to\\nbe commended. Whatever objections may be\\nurged against this policy as a general rule, we\\nthink in the case of the Salzburgers it was not\\nonly wise, but absolutely necessary. Amid the\\npersecutions which they had endured in the\\nfatherland, their property had been confiscated,\\nand they had been driven from their homes, and\\nthrown upon the charity of their Christian", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0203.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "192 THE SALZBURGERS\\nfriends. They came to America as exiles poor,\\nand houseless and but for the liberality of their\\npatrons in Germany and England, they could\\nnot have subsisted, much less could they have\\nprovided the means to build churches and school-\\nhouses and support their ministers. In their\\ncircumstances, the establishment of a church\\nfund was an act of necessity; and though in\\nother cases such a measure may be deemed\\nobjectionable, with them it was perfectly justifi-\\nable, as without it the colonial churches could\\nnever have been sustained. It is true, that when\\nthe descendants of the Salzburgers became able\\nto support their pastors, at least to a consider-\\nable extent, they withheld their contributions,\\nand relied too much upon the income of their\\nfunded capital yet this dereliction of duty on\\ntheir part, furnishes no just ground of objection\\nagainst the provision which was made for the\\nchurches and their pastors in the infancy of the\\ncolony. The true policy for every church to\\nadopt is, to support its pastor and to maintain\\nitself by voluntary/ contributions on the part of\\nits members. This is according to apostolic in-\\njunction, as well as the practice of the primitive\\nchurch and God seems wisely to have connected\\nthe spiritual prosperity of a church with the\\nliberality of its members, in bestowing their\\nworldly goods to the support of the cause of\\nChrist. There is certainly a withholding which", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0204.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 193\\nteiidetli to poverty, and it is only the liberal\\nsouV that is to 5e made fat. As a general\\nrule, God has ordained that they who preach\\nthe gospel shall live of the gospel, and a peo-\\nple assume a fearful responsibility who, while\\nthey enjoy the labours of a minister, seek to\\nrelieve themselves of the obligation to support\\nhim, by throwing him upon his own private re-\\nsources. They thus rob the labourer of his just\\nreward, and force him into some secular calling\\nto gain a maintenance for himself and family,\\nthat the church, for which he is spending him-\\nself, is bound most solemnly and religiously to\\nfurnish. No church can expect to prosper, and\\nbe enriched with all spiritual gifts, that pur-\\nsues such a course. God will be honoured with the\\nbestowal of our substance, as well as the dedica-\\ntion of our personal service to himself; and\\nwhere the former is intentionally withheld, there\\nis very little ground for hope that the latter\\nwill ever be acceptable. These remarks, how-\\never, will not apply to the first settlers at Eben-\\nezer, how much soever some of their descendants\\nmay have been in fault.\\nThe general state of the colony at Ebenezer\\nwas on the whole very favourable. It is true,\\nas has been noticed, there were some unpleasant\\noccurrences in the congregation, but they did\\nnot seem to affect very seriously the temporal\\nprosperity of the Salzburgers. They prosecuted\\n17", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0205.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "194 THE SALZBURG EilS\\ntheir various pursuits with their accustomed\\nindustry and perseverance, and their labours\\nwere abundantly rewarded. The town of Eben-\\nezer attained about this time to the height of its\\nimportance. The population of the town proper\\nwas not less than five hundred persons. Almost\\nevery kind of trade was successfully carried on.\\nThe mechanic, the artisan, and the merchant\\nfollowed their respective avocations with zeal\\nand energy, and their thrift met with due re-\\nward. There is an old picture representing the\\nappearance of Ebenezer at this period. It is a\\nmere outline of the principal points in and\\naround the toAvn but the Savannah river is\\ndistinctly delineated, and in the distance may\\nbe seen two schooners riding at anchor not far\\nfrom Ebenezer landing. This may be in\\nsome respects merely a fancy sketch, but\\nthere is no doubt of the fact, that a regular\\ntrade was carried on between Ebenezer and Sa-\\nvannah, and perhaps also with Charleston, by\\nmeans of these schooners or sloops. Through\\nSavannah the people also conducted some\\nforeign trade, for it has already been stated\\nthat silk was exported to England, and the Salz-\\nburgers were constantly receiving drugs and\\nmedicines and other supplies from Germany.\\nThere was also a gradual increase of the popu-\\nlation, and new farms were constantly settled in\\nalmost every part of the country. This was", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0206.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDAKTS. 105\\nparticularly the case in relation to the lands on\\nthe water courses, and along the main road\\nleading from Savannah to Augusta, and which\\npassed through Ebenezer. There was, however,\\nwith this increase of the population, a change in\\nthe character of the inhabitants. A number of\\nsettlers came over from Carolina, and some\\nfrom other portions of Georgia. The majority\\nof these, however, located in the upper part of\\nthe parish, or on its western borders, near i^\\nOgechee river. Many of these settlers became\\namong the most respectable and useful citizens\\nin the parish, and the descendants of not jf few\\nare still residing in the counties of Effingham\\nand Scriven.\\nNcAv scenes, however, were about to be en-\\nacted in the Province of Georgia, and the Salz-\\nburgers were called upon to take part in some\\nvery important measures, and to mingle in\\nstrange and thrilling scenes. The passage by\\nthe British Parliament of the Stamp Act, the\\ntax on tea, and the subsequent blockade of the\\nport of Boston, because of the resistance of the\\npeople of Massachusetts to these unjust and\\ntyrannical measures, had excited the indignation\\nof all the colonies in America. The public mind\\nin the Province of Georgia was, as a matter of\\ncourse, considerably agitated in common with\\nthe people of the other colonies and at an early\\nperiod in this controversy Georgia declared her-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0207.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "196 THE SALZI3U11GERS\\nself opposed to the enactments of Parliament,\\nand expressed, in unmistakeable language, her\\nsympathy with her sister, Massachusetts. A\\nProvincial Congress was held at Savannah on\\nthe 4th of July, 1774, consisting of delegates\\nfrom the different parishes in the province. The\\nSalzburgers could not remain indifferent or in-\\nactive spectators. When a call was addressed\\nto the parishes, requesting them to send dele-\\ng|ites to this congress, the Parish of St. Mat-\\nthew promptly responded, and the following\\npersons were duly chosen. John Stirk, John\\nAdam Truetlen^ George Walton, EdAvard Jones,\\nJacob Waldhauer, Philip Howell, Isaac Young,\\nJenkins Davis, John Morel, John Floerl, Charles\\nMcCay, OhristojJiei Craemer. Thus the Salz-\\nburgers, or a very large majority of them, identi-\\nfied themselves with the cause of American In-\\ndependence even in its very incipiency, and, as\\nwill hereafter appear, they bore their full share\\nin all the dangers and sufferings of the struggle\\nwhich ensued.\\nThere was a portion of the Salzburgers, how-\\never, who (no doubt from conscientious motives)\\nrefused to unite in any remonstrance against\\nthe proceedings of the mother country, or to\\ntake any part in the revolutionary measures\\nwhich were afterwards adopted. The following\\nSalzburgers in italics.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0208.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 107\\ndocument is inserted to show the feelings of\\nthese Salzbursers\\nt\\nWednesdat/, September 21, 17T5.\\nWe, who have just put our names to this paper, inha-\\nbitants of the Parish of St. Matthew and town of Eben-\\nezer, think it necessary in this public manner to declare\\nthat about the 4th day of this inst. (August) we were\\ntold by certain persons that we must send a petition\\nhome to our king in regard to the Bostonians, to beg for\\nrelief, as a child begs a fother when he expects correc-\\ntion and that all those who would not join must sign\\ntheir names, that they might know how many would be in\\nthis parish and that should we decline what was recom-\\nmended, we must expect the Stamp Act imposed upon us.\\nBy these and like flattering words avc were persuaded to\\nsign, but we find we are deceived, for that the people\\nwho met at Savannah on the 10th inst. did not petition\\nour king, but made up a paper, which wc think is very\\nwrong, and may incur the displeasure of his Majesty, so\\nas to prevent us from having soldiers to help us in case\\nof an Indian war. We therefore disagree entirely from\\nsaid paper, and do hereby protest against any resolutions\\nthat are, or may hereafter be, entered into on this occa-\\nsion. Signed, Urban BuntK, George Gnann, John Paulue,\\nGeorge Gruber, Matthew Biddenbach, George Ballinger,\\nJohn 0. Rentz, George Buntz, John Pillager, Henry\\nLudwig Buniz, Jacob Metzger, John Metzger, John\\nAdam Freymouth, Jacob Feberl, George Zittraucr, John\\nIleckel, Solomon Zandt, Jacob Gnann, Jacob Kieffer,\\nChristian Steiner, John Kemshart, Israel Linlberger,\\nLeonhart Krauss, George Bechly, Batlas Kieffer, Michael\\nMack, Jr., Peter Freyermouth, Solomon Prothero, John\\nGravenstine, Christopher Rottenberger, Andrew Gnann.\\nWe, the subscribers, do hereby certify that we are\\nagainst all resolutions Philip Dell, Paul Pirick, Mat-\\nthew Meyer, Jacob Meyer, John JMaurcr, George Maurer,\\nDaniel Weitman, Martin Reylander.\\n17-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0209.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "198 THE SALZBURGERS\\nThese latter persons, at this time, belonged\\nclearly to that class vvho advocated the doctrine\\nof passive obedience and non-resistance, re-\\ncognising, no doubt, the divine right of kings,\\nand yielding uncomplaining acquiescence in the\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0will of their sovereign.\\nThe views of these remonstrants were, how-\\never, subsequently very materially changed, and\\nthe majority of them espoused warmly the Whig\\ncause, and took a very active part in favour of\\nx\\\\merican Independence.\\nThe adherents to the crown in St. Matthew s\\nParish proved ultimately to be comparatively\\nfew. Yet they were sufficient to create an\\nangry controversy among the inhabitants, which\\nimbittered their feelings, and interfered very\\nmaterially with the peace and prosperity of the\\nchurch. The largest portion of the Salzburgers\\nespoused the cause of the colonies. They ex-\\nclaimed, We have experienced the evils of\\ntyranny in our own land for the sake of liberty\\nwe have left home, lands, houses, estates, and\\nhave taken refuge in the wilds of Georgia; shall\\nwe now submit again to bondage? No, never.\\nA truly noble sentiment and one wliich all the\\nboasted patriotism of New England never sur-\\npassed. They had realized the SAveets of free-\\ndom, they had sat beneath the tree of liberty,\\nreposed in its shade, and partaken of its precious\\nfruits they therefore resolved that they would", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0210.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 199\\nbe freemen, and maintain their just rights at all\\nhazards.\\nBut they dreamed not as yet of the difficul-\\nties and privations which awaited them, nor the\\nscenes of severe conflict through which they\\nwould have to pass. They were divided among\\nthemselves. Even one of their pastors (Mr.\\nTriebner) openly espoused the cause of the king,\\nand used all his influence to suppress the spirit\\nof resistance to the usurpations of the British\\ngovernment, which was everywhere manifesting\\nitself. And it was as much owing to his eff orts,\\nas to those of any other man, that the Salzbur-\\ngers suffered so severely during the Revolu-\\ntionary War. Mr. Rabenhorst pursued a more\\nmanly and judicious course, which was, however,\\nto have been expected from his known character\\nfor prudence. If he did not openly espouse the\\ncause of liberty, he did nothing to injure it.\\nHe laboured to calm the turbulence of passion,\\nand endeavoured to enforce, by precept and ex-\\nample, the cultivation of a spirit of moderation\\nand forbearance among those who had taken\\nopposite sides in this controversy. This, how-\\never, was impossible in the very nature of things\\nand it was perhaps fortunate for him, that in the\\nmidst of the commotion and the scenes of strife\\nwhich ensued, he was called by the great Head\\nof the church to receive his reward in heaven.\\nIt has been found impracticable to ascertain", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0211.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "200 TUE SALZBURGERS\\nthe precise time when Mr. Rabenhorst departed\\nthis life, nor any of the particulars connected\\nwith his death. He arrived at Ebenezer in\\n1752, and probably served the congregation\\nabout twenty-five years. His character for piety,\\nlearning, Christian humility, and unyielding\\ndevotion to the cause of Christ was fully estab-\\nlished, and the testimony of his life is the best\\nguarantee that he closed his earthly pilgrimage\\nin full prospect of a better inheritance. His re-\\nmains were deposited in the cemetery connected\\nwith Zion s church, about four miles below Eben-\\nezer. It was near this church that Mr. Raben-\\nhorst always resided, the other pastor being set-\\ntled in Ebenezer.\\nThe influence of Mr. Rabenhorst s example\\nupon the Salzburgers was very salutar}^ and, but\\nfor the counteracting effect of Mr. Triebner s\\neff orts and deportment, he would have accom-\\nplished a vast amount of good. Even amid the\\nadverse circumstances which surrounded him,\\nhe did very much for the spiritual welfare of\\nthe congregation and the pious Salzburgers in\\nSavannahj and throughout his whole charge,\\nheld him in very high esteem. But, like his\\nworthy colleagues, Bolzius and Lembke, he\\npassed away from earth, and now sleeps calmly\\namong those for whom he laboured well and pro-\\nfitably for a quarter of a century.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0212.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "AND TIIEIH DESCENDANTS. 201\\nCHAPTER X.\\nDescent of the British upon Georgia General Provost takes Sa-\\nvannah British posts along the river Mr. Triebner takes the\\noath of allegiance to the crown, and conducts ti-oops to Eben-\\nezer A garrison established under Major Maitland Proclama-\\ntion issued by Major Maitland Some of the Salzburgers take\\nprotections Majority of the Salzburgers Whigs Governor\\nTreutlen Ilolsendorf John and Samuel Stirk John Schnider\\nStrohaker Jonathan and Gotlieb Schnider Jonathan Rahn\\nErnest Zittrauer Joshua and Jacob Helfenstein Sufferings\\nof the Salzburgers during the war Tories Eichel and Martin\\nDasher Marauding parties Frederick Helfenstein and his\\ntwo sons General Wayne The Salzburgers forced to abandon\\ntheir homes Sufferings at Ebenezer Prisoners Sergeants\\nJasper and Newton Sacrilegious act of the British toward the\\nchurch at Ebenezer Other acts of cruelty Mistaken policy\\nof the British Sad influence of the licentiousness of the British\\ntroops upon the morals of Ebenezer Pastor Triebner His\\nremoval to England and death General character of the pas-\\ntors at Ebenezer Triebner an exception Dispensations of\\nProvidence General Wayne attempts the reduction of Savan-\\nnah British troops withdrawn from Ebenezer General Wayne\\nmakes his head-quarters there British evacuate Savannah\\nSalzburgers return to Ebenezer Scene of desolation Condi-\\ntion of the church Congregation without a pastor Petition\\nsent to Germany Dr. Muhlenburg s concern for the Salzbur-\\ngers A minister visits Ebenezer Dr. Muhlenburg s letter\\nVindication of Mr. Triebner Pastor to be sent in the spring\\nDespondency among the Salzburgers Darkness begins to dis-\\nappear New pastor about to be sent.\\nThe Revolutionary War ccgnmenced in 1775.\\nBut it was not till 1779 that any demonstration", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0213.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "202 THE SALZBURGERS\\n.fas made against Georgia. In that year, Gene-\\nral Provost, acting under instructions from Sir\\nHenry Clinton, made a descent upon Georgia,\\nand met with comparatively little resistance.\\nHe made his head-quarters at Savannah, and\\nproceeded to establish posts along the western\\nbank of the Savannah river. When Mr. Trieb-\\nner heard that General Provost vfas in Savan-\\nnah, he waited upon him, took the oath of alle-\\ngiance to the crown, and advised that Ebenezer\\nshould be occupied by royal troops. This was\\naccordingly done, and Mr. Triebner had the\\nhonour to conduct a detachment of British\\nsoldiers to Ebenezer. These troops were under\\nthe command of Major Maitland. Upon arriv-\\ning at Ebenezer, they threw up a redoubt within\\na few hundred yards of the church, with a view\\nto fortify their position and guard against a sur-\\nprise. The remains of this fortification are f till\\nstanding.\\nUpon arriving at Ebenezer, Mnjor Moitland\\nissued a proclamation to the inhabitants of St.\\nMatthew s Parish, offering the protection of the\\nBritish arms to all who might be disposed to\\ntake an oath of loyalty and allegiance to the\\ncrown. Many of the Salzburgers, influenced by\\nthe advice and example of Mr. Triebner, ac-\\ncepted this offer, and obtained certificates gua-\\nranteeing protectic*! to themselves and to their\\nproperty. The majority of the Salzburgers,", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0214.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "AND TIIKIR DESCKNDAXT?. 20-5\\nhowever, warmly espoused the Republican cause.\\nThose who figured most conspicuously were John\\nAdam Treutlen, rebel governor; William Hol-\\nsendorf, a rebel counsellor; John Stirk, rebel\\ncolonel; Samuel Stirk, rebel secretary; John\\nSchnider, planter; Rudolph Strohaker, butcher.\\nBeside these, mention should be made of Jona-\\nthan Schnider, J. Gotlieb Schnider, Jonathan\\nRahn, Ernest Zittrauer, Joshua and Jacob Hel-\\nfenstein, and others. Most of these worthy men\\nserved faithfully in the struggle for independence,\\nimder General Wayne and other officers in the\\nAmerican army, and their names deserve to be\\nperpetuated with the long list of worthies who\\ndistinguished themselves by their devotion to\\nthe cause of liberty.\\nThe citizens of Ebenezer and the surrounding\\ncountry were made to feel very severely the\\neffects of the war. The property of those who\\ndid not take the oath of allegiance was confis-\\ncated, and they w ere constantly exposed to every\\nspecies of insult and wrong from a hired and\\nprofligate soldiery. Beside this, some of the\\nSalzburgers who espoused the cause of the crown\\nbecame very inveterate in their hostility to the\\nWhigs in the settlement, and pillaged and then\\nburned their dwellings. The residence on the\\nfarm of the pious Rabenhorst, was among the\\nfirst that was given to the flames.\\nAmong those who distinguished themselves", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0215.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "204 THE SALZBURGETIS\\nfor their cruelty, was one Eichel, who has been\\nproperly termed an inhuman miscreant, whose\\nresidence was at Goshen and Martin Dasher,\\nwho kept a public-house five miles below Eben-\\nezer. These men placed themselves at the head\\nof marauding parties, composed of British and\\nTories, and laid waste every plantation or farm\\nwhose occupant was even suspected of favouring\\nthe republican cause. In these predatory ex-\\ncursions the most revolting cruelty and unbridled\\nlicentiousness were indulged, and the whole\\ncountry was overrun and devastated. Dasher\\nseems to have distinguished himself fully as\\nmuch as Eieliel^ though perhaps he was not quite\\nso cruel. He had stolen some cattle from a poor\\nwidow, and General Wayne, while occupying\\nEbenezer, sent him word that if he did not re-\\nstore them to her in person, he would have him\\ntaken into custody and gibbeted. This threat\\nhad the desired effect, and Basher became less\\ntroublesome to his neighbours.\\nMention has been made of Mr. Frederick Hel-\\nfenstein, who settled at Goshen. He had ac-\\nquired some property before the war commenced,\\nand might have been considered in comfortable\\ncircumstances. It is known that he owned a\\nlarge tannery in successful operation, a good\\nfarm, and several valuable Negroes. Of all this\\nproperty he was dispossessed by the Tories, (or\\nCow-boys, as they were th^n called,) and he was", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0216.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 205\\nleft penr.ilcss to begin the world anew. Thus\\nit would seem that his misfortunes did not cease\\neven after his settlement in Georgia. Yet he\\nnever deserted the Whig cause, and furnished, in\\nthe persons of his sons, several bold soldiers\\nduring the war. Two of them joined a troop\\nof cavalry under Colonel McCoy, and subse-\\nquently served under General Wayne. When\\nGeneral Wayne, at the close of the war, returned\\nto Pennsylvania, (his native State,) these two\\nbrothers, Joshua and Jacob Helfenstein, accom-\\npanied him, and it is more than probable that\\nfrom them the Helfenstein family in Pennsyl-\\nvania is descended, several of whom are now\\ndistinguished preachers in the German Reformed\\nChurch. In Georgia the name has been changed\\nto Helvenston. Mr. John C. Helvenston, of\\nMacon county, Georgia, and his brother, residing\\nin Florida, no doubt belong to the same family.\\nMr. Frederick Helfenstein died at Goshen at\\nthe advanced age of eighty-three, and his wife,\\nwho survived him many years, at the extreme\\nold age of ninety-three\\nThe Salzburgers, nevertheless, were to expe-\\nrience great annoyances from other sources.\\nGeneral Clinton, as before stated, had directed\\nthat a line of British posts should be estab-\\nlished all along the western bank of the Sa-\\nvannah river, to check the demonstrations of the\\nrebel forces in Carolina. Under these circum-\\n18", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0217.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "206 THE SALZBUKGERS\\nStances Ebenezer, from its somewhat central\\nposition, became a kind of thoroughfare for the\\nBritish troops in passing through the country\\nfrom Augusta to Savannah. To the inhabitants\\nof Ebenezer, particularly, this was a source of\\nperpetual annoyance. British troops were con-\\nstantly quartered among them, and to avoid the\\nrudeness of the soldiers and the heavy tax upon\\ntheir resources, many of the best citizens were\\nforced to abandon their homes, and settle in the\\ncountry, thus leaving their houses to the mercy\\nof their cruel invaders.\\nBesides all this, they were forced to witness\\nalmost daily acts of cruelty practised by the\\nBritish and Tories toward those Americans who\\nhappened to fall into their hands as prisoners\\nof war for it will be remembered that Eben-\\nezer, while in the hands of the British, was the\\npoint to which all prisoners taken in the sur-\\nrounding country were brought, and from thence\\nsent to Savannah. It was from this post that\\nthe prisoners were carried who were rescued by\\nSergeant Jasper and his comrade, Newton, at\\nthe Jasper Spring, a few miles above Sa-\\nvannah.\\nThere was one act performed by the British\\ncommander which was peculiarly trying and\\nrevolting to the Salzburgers. Their fine brick\\nchurch was converted into a hospital for the\\naccommodation of the sick and wounded, and", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0218.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 207\\nsubsequently it was desecrated by being used as\\na stable for their horses. To this latter use it\\nwas devoted until the close of the war and the\\nremoval of the British troops from Georgia.\\nTo show their contempt for the church, and\\ntheir disregard for the religious sentiments of\\nthe people, the church records were nearly all\\ndestroyed, and the soldiers would discharge their\\nguns at different objects on the church; and even\\nto this day the metal \u00e2\u0096\u00a0swan, (Luther s coat\\nof arms,) which surmounts the spire on the\\nsteeple, bears the mark of a musket ball, which\\nwas fired through it by a reckless soldier. Often,\\ntoo, cannon were discharged at the houses; and\\nthere is a log house now standing not far from\\nEbenezer, which was perforated by several can-\\nnon shot. In short, it was the policy (an unwise\\none, truly) of the English officers at this post, as\\nit was at every other which they occupied, to\\nmake their power felt, and by mere brutal force\\nto awe the colonists into subjection. The Salz-\\nburgers endured all these hardships and indigni-\\nties with becoming fortitude and though a few\\nwere overcome by these severe measures, yet\\nthe great mass of them remained firm in their\\nattachment to the principles of liberty.\\nOne of the most serious consequences which\\nresulted to Ebenezer and the neighbourhood,\\nfrom the occupancy of the town by the British,\\nwas the sad state of morals which ensued. The", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0219.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "208 THE SALZBURGERS\\nsoldiers were licentious in the extreme, and tip-\\npling-houses were est ablished for their accommo-\\ndation in several parts of the town. These be-\\ncame the resort for the soldiers and many of\\nthose Salzburgers who espoused the royal cause,\\nand thus habits of intemperance were intro-\\nduced, and the once sober and moral Germans\\nsoon learned to imitate the vicious practices of\\ntheir corrupt and debased English associates.\\nIt was bad enough to desecrate the church, to\\ndevastate the country, and to drive off the inha-\\nbitants. These were, however, light evils com-\\npared with the poisonous moral influences which\\nwere spread among those who remained, by the\\nvicious practices which are always more or less\\nincident upon the soldier s life in the camp.\\nThese effects were seen and felt many years\\nafter the Revolution terminated.\\nIt might be interesting to some, to insert a\\ndetailed account of the events which are said to\\nhave occurred at Ebenezer during the war, but\\nmany of them rest upon rather questionable\\nauthority, and are, besides, not of much histori-\\ncal value. The most important to our narrative\\nis the part which was taken by Mr. Triebner,\\nthe pastor at Ebenezer. He seems to have re-\\nmained unmoved amid all the wrongs which the\\nSalzburgers suffered from the British and when\\nthe war terminated he accompanied the English\\ntroops to England, where he continued to reside", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0220.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 209\\nuntil he attained the advanced age of seventy-\\neight years. It was a wise movement on his\\npart to leave the country in company -with the\\nEnglish troops for in view of the extreme\\nlengths to which he went in carrying out his\\nTory principles, it is certain that the Salzburgers\\nwould never afterward have tolerated him. It\\nw^as therefore a fortunate thing for him, that he\\nfound an asylum in England, where he could\\nend his days in retirement and comparative\\npeace.\\nThe departure of Mr. Triebner occasioned no\\nregrets among those Salzburgers who had sym-\\npathized with the Whigs of the Revolution, and\\nwe doubt very much if his friends cherished any\\nparticular desire to retain him. His appoint-\\nment as one of the pastors at Ebenezer was\\nvery unfortunate in every respect, but it fur-\\nnishes another mournful evidence of the falli-\\nbility of human judgment. The patrons of the\\nSalzburgers, in Germany, exercised ahvays, as\\nthey supposed, a wise discrimination in selecting\\npastors for the Ebenezer congregations and it\\nis worthy of remark that this was the only in-\\nstance in which their judgment was at fault\\nbut alas! what mournful consequences resulted\\neven from this one mistake It was, however,\\npermitted for some wise purpose and although\\nwith our present darkened vision we cannot\\ncomprehend the design which God contemplated,\\n18-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0221.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "210 THE SALZBURG ERS\\nit is the duty of the Christian to bow In humble\\nsubmission, and believe that the glory of God\\nwill be promoted even by those events in the\\nhistory of the church which are seemingly the\\nmost adverse. Sometimes he permits an ungodly\\nminister to creep into a church, to test the\\nstability of his people in the trial of their faith\\nand patience. Sometimes he orders it as a\\npunishment for the want of faithfulness in the\\ndischarge of their Christian duties. But, what-\\never may be the design of such occurrences, it\\nis for us always to feel persuaded that God will\\nnot forsake his church, and that even the gates\\nof hell shall never prevail against her.\\nIn the year 1783 the American troops, under\\nGeneral Wayne, attempted to recover Savannah\\nfrom the British. General Clarke, who com-\\nmanded the royal troops in that city, called in\\nhis outposts, and made preparations to defend\\nhis position. The British troops being thus\\nwithdrawn from Ebenezer, General Wayne es-\\ntablished his head-quarters there. Between the\\n12th and 25th of July, 1783, all the English\\nforces stationed at Savannah, amounting to\\ntwelve hundred royalists and regulars, besides\\nwomen, children, Indians, and Negroes, sailed\\nfrom the port of Savannah the garrison having\\ncapitulated to General Wayne and other Ameri-\\ncan officers. Thus Georgia, after having been\\nthree years, six months, and thirteen daya in", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0222.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DKSCKKBANTS. 211\\npossession of the British, was abandoned after\\nan inglorious attempt to subjugate her people to\\nthe control of the mother country.\\nAs soon as the British left Georgia, the Salz-\\nburgers had an opportunity to return to their\\nmuch beloved Ebenezer. This many of them\\ndid but alas what a scene of desolation was\\npresented Many of their dwellings had been\\nburned, others had been very much injured,\\ntheir gardens were completely destroyed, and\\nthe general aspect of the place so entirely\\nchanged that they could scarcely realize that\\nhere they had once had their homes, in which\\nthey and their children had dwelt in safety and\\npeace, and that around those homes had clus-\\ntered the warmest sympathies and most ardent\\naffections of their hearts. They, however, went\\nto work immediately to repair their houses, and\\nto restore, as far as they might be able, order\\nout of the general ruin which everywhere pre-\\nvailed.\\nOne of the first objects to which the pious\\nSalzburgers directed their attention, was the\\nrenovation of their church. This they found in\\na most deplorable condition. True, they were\\nnot compelled to adopt the lamentation of the\\nprophet Our holy and beautiful house, where\\nour fathers praised thee, is burned up with fire\\nbut they could say, all our pleasant things\\narc laid waste. It has already been stated", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0223.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "212 THE SALZBURGERS\\nthat the British had converted the church into a\\nhospital, and subsequently into a stable for their\\nhorses. For this latter purpose they continued\\nto use it until their departure from Ebenezer.\\nAs a matter of course, the Salzburgers found it\\nin a foul and most disgusting state and to\\nrender it again decent and fit for use as a place\\nfor divine worship, was a task almost equal to\\ncleansing the famous Augean stables. But\\nalthough there was no Peneus whose waters they\\ncould cause to flow through their church, yet by\\nindustry and perseverance they removed the\\nfilth which had accumulated, repaired the edifice,\\nand having completely renovated it, they once\\nmore assembled for the worship of God. Amid\\nthe angry contentions, and the scenes of strife\\nand carnage incident upon the war, many of\\nthem had remained faithful in their devotion to\\ntheir divine Redeemer, and to the religion of\\ntheir fathers. Even when they were scattered\\nabroad, and were driven from place to place by\\ntheir enemies, they assembled in groups for the\\npurpose of prayer and mutual edification. Now\\nthat their church was restored to them, they\\nlonged ardently to meet in the sanctuary with the\\nsolemn assembly, and worship according to the\\nforms which had descended to them from their\\nancestors, and which were halloAved by so many\\nendearing associations. But vfho shall call them\\nto the house of God? The faithless Triebner", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0224.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 213\\nhad abandoned them the pious and beloved Ra-\\nbenhorst was sleeping his last sleep, and there\\nwas nowhere to be found any one to sympathize\\nwith them in their distress, or to succour them in\\nthis the hour of their greatest need. They were\\nmade to realize that they had been left in a state\\nof spiritual orphanage. They were without a\\npastor. If there was a time, since their arrival\\nin Georgia, when they stood mostly in need of a\\nwise and faithful minister, it was at this junc-\\nture. But alas they knew of no man speaking\\ntheir language, and sympathizing with them in\\nthis their day of severe trial, who would be will-\\ning to become their spiritual shepherd, and\\nlead them into the green pastures, and beside\\nthe still waters of life.\\nIn their destitution they naturally turned\\ntheir attention to the much-loved fatherland.\\nThe elders of the church called together the\\nscattered members of this once large and inte-\\nresting flock, and banding themselves together\\nas brethren, they renewed their covenant en-\\ngagements with God, and then addressed an\\naffectionate letter to the reverend fathers in\\nGermany, humbly but earnestly requesting that\\na pastor might be sent over to break unto them\\nthe bread of life. A fraternal correspondence\\nwas opened, and their patrons in Germany ex-\\npressed not only their warm sympathy with the\\nSalzburgers in their present distress, but their", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0225.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "214 THE SALZBURG ERS\\ndetermination to send them a suitable minister\\nas soon as one could be obtained.\\nDr. Muhlenburgh also interested himself on\\nbehalf of the Salzburgers. He wrote to Ger-\\nmany, urging the necessity of prompt action on\\nthe part of the church there in sending a\\npreacher to Ebenezer. These efforts were not\\nin vain, as shall presently be seen. But while\\nthey were pending, a Lutheran minister visited\\nthe churches at Savannah and Ebenezer, (for\\nthey had both suffered alike during the war,)\\nand he was temporarily employed until the con-\\ngregation could be supplied from Germany. The\\nfollowing letter, written by Dr. Muhlenburg to\\nthe Hon. Mr. Davis, will show what the friends\\nin Germany were doing. It also contains some\\nother facts which will be read with interest.\\nThe letter, it will be noticed, was written in\\n1784, just after the close of the war.\\nNew Providence, April 19, 1784.\\nDear Sir: As to the accounts concerning the cir-\\ncumstances of the Ebenezer congregation, with which you\\nhave been pleased to favour me, I am very much obliged\\nto you for your confidence and ancient friendship. It\\nseemed to me somewhat strange and unexpected, when\\nI heard that the house on Mr. Rabenhorst s plantation\\nhad been burned down, and that the congregation had\\nhired a young minister from Germany. On the same day\\nthat your letter arrived, I received an important one\\nfrom Germany, from the unwearied benefactor. Rev. S.\\nUrlsperger, D.D., and President of the Protestant Evan-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0226.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 215\\ngelical Consistory in Augsburg, containing, among\\nothers, the following facts:\\n1. The Rev. Mr. Triebner has, since his arrival in\\nEngland, honestly paid the principal and interest of the\\nthree hundred pounds sterling belonging to Ebenezer\\nchurch, (unto the Rev. S. Urlsperger,) which the deceased\\nMr. Caspar Wertsch owed him. Also, whatsoever Mr.\\nTriebner himself owed to the said President he has dis-\\ncharged, and is acquitted.\\n2. Moreover, the Rev. Dr. Urlsperger offers, that if\\nsome one or other of the Ebenezer congregation may\\nhave a just and lawful claim against Mr. Triebner, if it\\nbe laid before him lawfully proved and attested, it shall\\nbe duly paid.\\n3. He would, during the winter season, endeavour to\\nfind out and call a faithful and suitable minister for\\nEbenezer congregation, and had such a one already in\\nview, to be sent in the spring to Ebenezer, if it pleased\\nGod to grant his blessing to it.\\n4. The reverend fathers will grant the interest of the\\ncapital which lays upon the estate of the late Rev. Ra-\\nbenhorst toward the support of the new minister, and\\ntherefore the said principal ought to be well secured.\\n5. The said fathers have asked the honourable Society\\nin London, whether they would be pleased to continue\\ntheir benefactions toward supporting a minister and\\nschoolmaster at Ebenezer? and have received for answer,\\nthat the Society could not extend their benefactions ex-\\ncept to British subjects, and had now to provide for a\\nmultitude of poor objects.\\n0. The reverend President mentions that he has for-\\nwarded a letter to the wardens and elders at Ebenezer,\\nwhich I hope has arrived, and will no doubt give them\\nsatisfaction and comfort, so that I have only to add my\\ndue respects.\\nYour well-wishing friend and humble servant.\\nHenry M. Muhlenburg.\\nTo the Hon. Mr. Davis.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0227.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "216 THE SALZBURGERS\\nThis letter entirely removes all suspicion in\\nreference to the supposed dishonesty of Mr.\\nTriebner, in the management of that part of the\\nEbenezer church fund which he controlled\\nand also exonerates Mr. Wertsch from all\\nblame in regard to the three hundred pounds\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2which he held as a store-fund. It is important,\\nas showing that the aid which the Society for\\nthe Promotion of Christianity had extended to\\nthe Salzburgers, was withdrawn immediately\\nupon the establishment of the independence of\\nthe States. The Salzburgers were no longer\\n^^British subjects, and of course, were re-\\nmoved beyond the charities of the Society. Fur-\\nther, it proves, that even after the Revolution the\\nreverend fathers claimed and exercised the right\\nto appoint the pastor for the Ebenezer congre-\\ngation, and this right was duly admitted by the\\nwardens and elders of the church. Thus the\\ndependence of the Salzburgers upon the church\\nin Germany for ministerial service, as well as for\\npecuniary aid, continued until the year 1785,\\nabout which time a new pastor arrived in\\nGeorgia.\\nUp to this time the prospects of the Salz-\\nburgers had been very dark, both as regards\\ntheir temporal and spiritual interests. They\\nrecovered rather slowly from the sad effects of\\nthe war. But they never suiFered themselves to\\ndespair. They had been disciplined in a severe", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0228.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "AND TIIEIK DESCENDANTS. 217\\nschool, and had learned that it is unwise to\\nyield to the force of circumstances, how forbid-\\nding soever thej might be. They therefore\\nlaboured on patiently and perseveringly, hoping\\nfor happier and more prosperous days. They\\nbelieved, too, that their benefactors in Germany\\nwould not be unmindful of their spiritual desti-\\ntution, and with prayerful and believing hearts\\nthey looked to God, to send them, through these\\nbenefactors, a faithful and godly minister one\\nwho would come imbued with the spirit of his\\nstation, and preach to them that word which had\\nbeen their chief solace in the hours of their\\ndeepest calamity. Their prayers were heard,\\nand in due time their pastor came. And thus,\\nas the darkest clouds which obscure the sun\\nare nevertheless tinged by some of his golden\\nrays, adding even beauty to the darkness, so they\\nwere enabled to discover, amid the murky clouds\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0which seemed to overhang their prospects, some\\nbright indications of the divine favour, which\\nfilled them with holy joy, and afforded them the\\nearnest that a brighter and better day was about\\nto dawn upon them, and that they should yet\\nsee the glory of God as they had seen it in the\\nsanctuary, an denjoy once again, not only tem-\\nporal but spiritual prosperity.\\n19", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0229.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "218 THE SALZBURGERS\\nCHAPTER XI.\\nThe arrival of a pastor anticipated Solicitude on the subject\\nThe Rev. John Earnest Bergman arrives at Ebenezer His early\\nhistory His qualifications for the ministry State of affairs\\nat Ebenezer and Savannah Mr. Bergman s defects Parochial\\nschools Mr. Bernhardt Mr. Probst Mr. Ernst Increase of\\npastoral labours Church in Savannah Letter from Mr. Scheu-\\nber Correct views of the sacraments Usages of the Lutheran\\nChurch Mr. Bergman s marriage His family Mr. Bergman\\nas a scholar His correspondence Parsonage at Ebenezer\\nBishop Francis Asbury His letter to Mr. Bergman Im-\\nprovement in temporal affairs Bad habits among the Salzbur-\\ngers Want of church discipline Disaffection toward the\\nchurch Members withdraw Ebenezer bridge Ebenezer be-\\ncomes the county site Effects of this measure County site\\nchanged to Springfield The mills Demand for English\\npreaching Letter from Bishop Asbury Mistaken policy\\nMethodists in Savannah Obligations of the Methodists to the\\nLutheran Church Rev. Hope Hull Jonathan Jackson\\nJosiah Randle John Garvin Rev. S. Dunwoody First Me-\\nthodist Society in Savannah Mr. Bergman relinquishes the\\nchurch in Savannah Letter to Rev. H. Holcombe Savannah\\nchurch without a pastor Rev. S. A. Mealy Salzburgers in\\nother churches Jesse Lee visits Ebenezer Mr. Bergman cur-\\ntails his labours Bethel church erected Personal difficulty\\nLetter of Rev. J. McVean Efforts to proselyte Lax state\\nof morals Want of discipline Mr. Bergman s grief at the\\ncondition of the colony External prosperity Spiritual declen-\\nsion Death of Mrs. Neidlinger\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Mr. Bergman s health declines\\nHis death.\\nThe Salzburgers, particularly the pious por-\\ntion of them, received with great satisfaction", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0230.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 219\\nthe intelligence that their brethren in Germany\\nwere interesting themselves on their behalf, and\\nthey hailed with great enthusiasm the prospect\\nof being soon favoured with the services of a\\ndevoted and well-qualified pastor. The news of\\nhis appointment had reached them through the\\nletter of Dr. S. Urlsperger to the wardens and\\nelders of the church, and they awaited his arri-\\nval with great anxiety and yet their wishes on\\nhis behalf were not unmingled with deep solici-\\ntude. Although they had the fullest confidence\\nin the wisdom and prudence of their German\\nbenefactors, their sad experience in the case of\\nMr. Triebner had justly excited their fears, lest\\nthe newly-appointed minister should disappoint\\ntheir expectations. There is always one inevit-\\nable and painful result growing out of the im-\\nproper conduct of ministers it excites suspicion\\nagainst the innocent and where a pastor has\\nproven himself unworthy of the confidence of\\na church, his successor will always be regarded\\nwith mistrust, until he has established his claims\\nto the esteem and respect of his people by his\\nunimpeachable deportment. This, however, a\\ntruly pious minister will soon accomplish; for\\nalthough men are sometimes slow in yielding\\ntheir prejudices, true merit and integrity of\\ncharacter will dispel all doubts and evil surmis-\\ning, and win the respect and love of the virtuous.\\nAt length the wishes and prayers of the Salz-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0231.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "220 THE SALZBURGERS\\nburgers were answered by the appearance of\\ntheir new pastor. The person sent over by\\nthe directors in Germany was the Rev. John\\nErnest Bergman, a young man of decided\\ntalents and extensive literary acquirements.\\nMr. Bergman was a native of Peritsch, in\\nSaxony. In 1776, he entered the university\\nat Leipsic, where he was graduated with distin-\\nguished honour. He was ordained by the Evan-\\ngelical Seniors of the Lutheran Church, in the\\nDuchy of Augsburg, on the 19th of July, 1783.\\nThis was once Protestant territory, but was\\nsurrendered by Prussia, and came under the\\njurisdiction of Bavaria.\\nIt has not been ascertained from what posi-\\ntion he was called when he was chosen pastor at\\nEbenezer; this, however, is not important. He\\narrived in Georgia in the spring of 1785, and\\nentered zealously and actively upon the dis-\\ncharge of his duties. These he was to find\\nnumerous and arduous, and often a source of\\ndeep anxiety and perplexity.\\nMr. Bergman found both the temporal and\\nspiritual aifairs of the Salzburgers in a very\\nunfavourable condition. The town of Ebenezer\\nhad been almost entirely deserted during the\\nwar, and many of the settlements were nearly\\nbroken up. The people, therefore, had to com-\\nmence life almost anew; and, as a matter of\\ncourse, their pecuniary circumstances were very", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0232.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS.\\nmuch embarrassed. Besides this, the whole con-\\ngregation had been in a great measure scattered\\ntheir records were either lost or very much muti-\\nlated the members had not only greatly declined,\\nbut many of them had entirely departed from\\ntheir Christian profession. This was not only\\ntrue of the congregations in and about Eben-\\nezer; it was equally so in relation to the Salz-\\nburgers in Savannah. Mr. Bergman was greatly\\ngrieved at the desolation which met his eye\\non every side, and at times he was well-nigh\\ngiving up in despair all hopes of restoring order\\nand organizing the churches upon a permanent\\nfooting.\\nHe possessed, however, many requisites for\\nthe arduous work w^hich was before him, though\\nin some respects he was deficient. He was\\nyoung, and though not endowed with a vigorous\\nconstitution, yet he was a man of energy and\\ngreat industry. Besides, he possessed more\\nthan ordinary intellect, which he had cultivated\\nwith great assiduity. It is questionable whether,\\nin point of learning, he was equalled by either\\nof his predecessors and the manuscripts he exe-\\ncuted bear ample testimony to his extensive ac-\\nquirements and untiring diligence in the acquisi-\\ntion of knowledge. As a pulpit orator he is\\nsaid to have been above mediocrity, and always\\ncommanded the attention and respect of his\\nhearers. He lacked, however, one very import-\\n19*", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0233.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "222 THE SALZBURGERS\\nant ingredient in the character of a minister, to\\nmake him successful. He had no Jcnozvhdge of\\nmen and things. In other words, he was a per-\\nfect novice in all matters of business, and seemed\\nnot disposed to cultivate any intercourse with\\nsociety, except in as far as he was forced to do\\nso in the discharge of his duty. In his feelings\\nhe was too exclusive, and did not mingle enough\\nwith society to qualify him for very extensive\\nusefulness. His books were his companions, and\\nhe sought his chief enjoyment in the retirement\\nof his study.\\nUnder these circumstances, it was not to be\\nexpected that Mr. Eergman would achieve as\\nmuch for the Salzburgers as he might have done,\\nif his disposition had led him to cultivate a freer\\nintercourse with his parishioners. Still he was\\ninstrumental in effecting much, especially for\\nthe spiritual improvement of the people.\\nMr. Bergman, among other measures, endea-\\nvoured to revive the parochial school at Eben-\\nezer. A young man by the name of Bernhardt\\nwas sent over from Germany as a teacher,\\nbut owing to his levity of disposition and in-\\nsubordination, he gave Mr. Bergman a great\\ndeal of trouble. Mr. Bernhardt was in a year\\nor two dismissed, and Mr. Probst was appointed\\nas his successor. Mr. Probst occupied this posi-\\ntion until 1796, when Mr. G. Ernst became the\\nteacher. With him terminated the loarochial", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0234.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 223\\nschool, although private schools were subse-\\nquently taught at Ebenezer.\\nMr. Bernhardt removed to Carolina, where he\\nwas converted, and subsequently became a useful\\nminister in the Lutheran Church. He was the\\nfather of the late Kev. David Bernhardt of the\\nSouth Carolina Synod, whose memory will long\\nbe cherished by the church and all who knew\\nhim.\\nThe ministerial labours of Mr. Bergman were\\nmuch more arduous than those of his predeces-\\nsors. It will be remembered, that up to the\\nRevolutionary War, the Salzburgers had always\\nhad two, and in some instances three, pastors.\\nBut the pecuniary affairs of the congregation\\nbecoming somewhat deranged, and the Society\\nfor Propagating Christian Knowledge having\\nwithdrawn its aid, the funds were found insuffi-\\ncient to maintain more than one minister. It\\nwas thus made the duty of Mr. Bergman to cul-\\ntivate, as far as practicable, this field, which at\\none time gave full employment to not less than\\ntwo pastors. He was, however, not discouraged,\\neither by the extent of the field before him, or\\nthe demand upon his mental and physical ener-\\ngies. He immediately entered upon a systematic\\narrangement of his labours, by which he hoped\\nto be able to supply not only the churches in\\nand about Ebenezer, but also the one in the city\\nof Savannah. In a very short time he was", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0235.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "224 THE SALZBURGERS\\nenabled to furnish all these churches with regular\\npreaching, apportioning his time between them\\nas equally as circumstances would permit.\\nThe congregation in Savannah, though much\\ninjured by the war, kept up its organization, and\\nsome of its members appear to have been de-\\nvotedly pious men. By a portion of this con-\\ngregation Mr. Bergman s labours were highly\\nappreciated, and for a time he was instrumental\\nin aifecting much good among them. In Decem-\\nber, 1786, he communicated to the elders of the\\nchurch in Savannah his intention to visit them\\nand administer the Lord s Supper. The follow-\\ning letter, written to him in reply by one of the\\nelders, will be read with interest\\nSavcDniah, Deeeml cr 29, 1786.\\nDear Sir: In a letter of the 26th inst, I understood\\nthat if it suited the German congregation in Savannah,\\nyou intended to come down and celebrate the Sacrament\\nof the Lord s Supper on Sunday, the 7th of January. In\\nconsequence of such intimation, I acquainted the elders\\nand wardens, who, with one voice, acquiesced in it, and\\nagreeably to their resolution gave notice, in yesterday s\\nletter, to Mr. Probst. But this day, several other mem-\\nbers of the congregation, not being properly prepared for\\nso solemn an act in religion, wish beforehand to hear a\\nfew sermons tending toward this object, in order to pre-\\npare themselves more fully for this sacred duty; and\\nconsequently they prefer to postpone receiving the Lord s\\nSupper until Easter, or thereabouts.\\nIn the mean time, reverend sir, you are expected on\\nSaturday, the 6th of January next, to give the congrega-\\ntion a forenoon sermon on repentance, and ^Ir. Probst,", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0236.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 225\\nwho, if he should fail in his appointment at Ebenezer,\\nmay give a sermon in the afternoon and if his oration is\\nliked by the congregation, may perhaps prove him an\\nestablishment in this place, in case he should be disap-\\npointed with you. There will be on the Sunday appointed\\na full congregation, if the weather permit. God grant\\nyou may be satisfied with your appointment, and the con-\\ngregation with you, in which I hope you will not fail\\nand in that case you might even enjoy a heaven on earth.\\nYou have my best wishes for your welfare and happi-\\nness, and I have the honour, for the first time, to sub-\\nscribe myself with sincere regard and profound respect,\\nyour most humble servant,\\nJustus H. Scheuber.\\nFrom this letter it will be seen that the\\nchurch in Savannah was duly organized in the\\nyear 178T, having a full board of elders and\\nwardens. It is further manifest that there must\\nhave been a favourable state of religious feeling\\namong the members, as evinced by the holy\\nreverence which they seemed to cherish for the\\nordinances of God s house, and their unwilling-\\nness to partake of those ordinances except after\\ndue meditation and self-examination. This speaks\\nwell, at least, for the devotional feelings of a\\ncongregation; and when such sentiments are\\ncherished, they cannot fail to produce the most\\nsalutary influence upon the character and life.\\nThis is a peculiarity of the Lutheran Church,\\nand arises from the wise and wholesome usages\\nwhich the founders of Lutheranism established\\nboth in Europe and America. The course of", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0237.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "226 THE SALZBURGERS\\ncatechetical instruction prescribed by our ritual,\\nand the preparatory services which are held in\\nour churches prior to the administration of the\\nLord s Supper, are admirably calculated to in-\\nspire the heart with a holy veneration for that\\nmost solemn and instructive sacrament. It is\\nto be regretted that some of our churches have\\nmanifested a disposition to depart from this\\nancient landmark of Lutheranism.\\nAbout the year 1792, Mr. Bergman married\\nMiss Catherine Herb, sister of Mr. Frederick\\nHerb, of Savannah. By this marriage Mr.\\nBergman had four children, only one of whom,\\nhis eldest son, Christopher F., survived him.\\nThis, for him, was a very happy and advanta-\\ngeous union. And perhaps much of his success\\nin after life may justly be attributed to the in-\\nfluence of this most excellent lady. She seems\\nto have possessed very remarkable business\\ntalents; and it is said that her husband com-\\nmitted to her the entire management of all his\\ndomestic matters, even giving up to her the\\nreceipt and disbursement of all his funds, while\\nhe devoted himself exclusively to his literary\\npursuits. These were very extensive, and em-\\nbraced a wide field. History, philosophy, the\\nvarious departments of natural science, classical\\nliterature, all engaged his attention, and in each\\nof them he attained to very considerable profi-\\nciency. As a thelogian, he was especially well", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0238.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 227\\nread, having acquired a thorough knowledge of\\nthe Hebrew, Arabic, and several other oriental\\nlanguages. His correspondence, too, was very\\nextensive, and he was honoured with the confi-\\ndence of some of the most remarkable men of\\nhis day among whom, were Bishop Asbury,\\nof the Methodist Episcopal church; Dr. R.\\nPurman, pastor of the Baptist church in\\nCharleston; the Hon. R. Wayne, and the Rev.\\nMessrs. Holcombe, McVean and others, of Sa-\\nvannah.\\nHis home at Ebenezer was the receptacle of\\nevery preacher who might chance to visit that\\nneighbourhood and in his Christian intercourse\\nwith his ministerial brethren of other denomina-\\ntions, he seems to have won their confidence and\\nChristian regard. Bishop Asbury, on several\\noccasions, sojourned at the parsonage at Eben-\\nezer, and between him and Mr. Bergman there\\nexisted the warmest Christian aifection and the\\ngood bishop held Mr. Bergman in such high re-\\ngard that he honoured him with his correspond-\\nence. The following letter is in point.\\nWilkes count)/, Georgia, December 5, 1800.\\nMy Dear and Greatly Respected Friend: Grace,\\nmercy, and peace be multiplied to you and family.\\nWhen I come to Georgia, I remember you if I do not see\\nyou. For a few years past I have not iDeen able to preach\\nor write as formerly. Shall I pity or envy you in your\\nsolitary life. It must cheer up your mind to converse\\nwith a friend on paper. I thank you, kind sir, for the", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0239.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "228 THE SALZBURGERS\\nfriendly letters you have sent me, and the notice you\\nhave taken of Elder Lee. This year hath been marked\\nwith divine glory; my colleague, Bishop Whatcoat, and\\nself have travelled from Baltimore, in the month of May\\nlast, to the east of Boston, west as far as Kentucky and\\nCumberland in Tennessee, South Carolina, to this State,\\nmaking near three thousand miles from the General Con-\\nference. The revival of religion that began with the\\nyear, became very great so that the eastern and western\\nshores of Maryland, Delaware, and Pennsylvania, have\\nfelt the holy flame; the high probability is, that one\\nor two thousand souls have been under the operations\\nof grace. The preachers caught the divine influence at\\nthe General Conference, where more than one hundred\\nministers assembled, and thus it ran, two, three, four, five\\nhundred miles. You have heard of the revival of religion\\namong the Germans in the west of Pennsylvania, Mary-\\nland, and Virginia, by the instrumentality of the vener-\\nable Otterbein,* and an ancient patriarchal man, Martin\\nBeem, once a Menonist minister; but he received the\\nMethodists about twenty years ago. He was cast out\\nby the Menonist. God has given him to see his child-\\nren s children brought to Christ, and peace upon Israel.\\nAt seventy, he is brisk as a boy, and travels very exten-\\nsively for in appearance he is like old Moses or Aaron\\nwith his long beard. Oh my dear friend, if you was among\\nthe thousands in Pennsylvania of Germans to labour,\\nand travelling night and day, you might have a happier\\nsoul and a brighter crown. A late Dr. Lodly was in\\nsome part of Holland almost useless he was sent for to\\nNew York, and the first sermon he preached in the Low\\nDutch Church, Madam Livingston, and several reputable\\nwomen were convinced. They said it was like a new\\ngospel he continued in usefulness till the Revolutionary\\nWar then he was forced to retire, when his labours were\\nlost as at the first. I was told he had intimations of what\\nMr. Otterbein was a very pious minister of the German Re-\\nformed Church.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0240.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "AND TIIEIU DESCENDANTS. 229\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0was to befall him in both changes. Thus a Wesley, and\\nsome of the Moravian brethren appeared to be buried for a\\ntime at and about Savannah. And some godly men have\\nlived in parishes and congregations in England, with\\nsmall prospects of good. Before I close this letter I must\\ngive you a sketch of the marvellous work of God. For\\ntwo weeks, we trust one or two hundred souls were\\nwrought upon at the General Conference in Baltimore.\\nAt the yearly Conference at Duck creek, Delaware State,\\none hundred and seventeen came forward to join the\\nchurch, the fruit of four days and nights labour. The\\nbrethren did not leave the house of God day nor night;\\nthis was in a small village, and fifty had been added pre-\\nviously, since the commencement of the year. The re-\\nturn was three hundred in society, as made last June to\\nme and the work is spreading all around that place,\\nthrough the whole peninsula of Maryland and Dela\\\\yare.\\nWe have travelled so rapidly and extensively, letters\\ncould not reach us well, till we came to our yearly con-\\nference in Camden, South Carolina, January 1, 1801. In\\nCumberland, State of Tennessee, God has wrought among\\nthe Presbyterians five godly ministers are entered into\\nthe spirit of the work, a Mr. Craighead, Hodge, Ran-\\nkin, Mr. Goady, and McGee, and the stationed preachers\\namong the Methodists, and some eminent local preachers.\\nJudah doth not vex Ephraim; they live and love as\\nbrethren they hold sacramental meetings four days and\\nnights, all the ministers present it is in the woods no\\nhouse will contain the people, wagons, food, fires, some\\nten, twenty, thirty, fifty, and one hundred miles from\\nhome they begin at high noon, preach and pray until\\nevening, then retire to refresh with food and come again,\\nand continue the whole night, and souls are born to God\\nat the solemn hours of night, seven, eight, nine, ten,\\ntwelve, one o clock, till morning. It hath been judged,\\nthat the congregation have contained from five hundred,\\nto one and two thousand people, and eight or ten minis-\\nters; and at a meeting Bishop Whatcoat and myself\\nattended, near twenty ministers present, Presbyterians,", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0241.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "230 THE SALZBURGERS\\nMethodists, and Baptists souls have professed to find\\nthe Lord from twenty-five to forty-live, and as many as\\none hundred at a meeting. The probability is that\\nbetveeen three and four hundred have been brought to\\nChrist in the course of this summer and fall, and the\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0work was going on when we came from the settlement.\\nThe ministers promised to send me a correct account of\\nthe work of God. We hope to be able to publish the\\nworkings of God with souls. I hope and trust five or six\\nthousand souls are, and will be formed of God on this\\ncontinent in 1800, among the difi erent societies of pro-\\nfessing Christians. I shall make no apology for my long\\nletters, but the cause of God, love to you, and my joy\\nthat I have to hear and see my poor labours are not in\\nvain, and other ministers, and other societies have Jeho-\\nvah with them. I am in the thirtieth year of my labours\\nin America, besides about nine years in travelling and\\nlocal labours in England.\\nI am, with great respect, yours in Christ,\\nFrancis Asbury.\\nThe temporal affairs of the Salzburgers com-\\nmenced improving gradually; and the popula-\\ntion which, during the war, had been somewhat\\ndiminished, began to increase steadily, and to\\nassume a somewhat more permanent character.\\nTheir spiritual interests, too, assumed a more\\nfavourable aspect, though Mr. Bergman found\\nmany just causes of complaint. Some of the\\nmembers of the church had fallen into rather\\nloose habits of living, and the establishment of\\none or two drinking shops at Ebenezer, exerted\\na most injurious influence upon the morals of not\\na few. Mr. Bergman remonstrated against such\\nconduct, but he w^as, perhaps, rather two mild", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0242.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 231\\nand lenient in the enforcement of the church\\ndiscipline, to effect much of a reformation. Still\\nthe church made some progress, while it must\\nbe admitted that the tone of piety was far below\\nwhat it had been in former years.\\nMr. Bergman kept up a regular course of\\ncatechetical instruction in all his churches, and\\nendeavoured to indoctrine the young people of\\nhis charge in the principles of our holy religion,\\nas taught in our standards; and there were\\nmany, who, under his instructions, became de-\\nvotedly pious and exemplary Christians. But\\neven in his time, a spirit of indifference to the\\nLutheran church began to manifest itself among\\nsome of the descendants of the Salzburgers,\\nwhich was afterwards to result in the withdrawal\\nof not a few of them from the church of their\\nfathers. It will be necessary, however, to dwell\\nmore at large upon this topic hereafter.\\nIt is not deemed important, nor would it be\\npracticable, to attempt a regular chronological\\nhistory of the Salzburgers from this period,\\nnor, indeed, is it necessary; for there were not\\nmany occurrences of striking interest during the\\nlife-time of Mr. Bergman. The most prominent,\\nhowever, will be noted as far as reliable data\\ncan be obtained. After a settlement assumes a\\npermanent character, it is not to be expected\\nthat many incidents will happen of sufficient\\nmoment to make them worthy of historical re-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0243.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "232 THE SALZBURGERS\\ncord. The reader will, therefore, not expect\\nany thing like detailed narrative in the further\\nprosecution of this work.\\nIt has been stated that Mr. Bergman was in\\ncorrespondence with a number of distinguished\\nministers and other gentlemen, and some of their\\nletters are extant but their publication would\\nonly swell this volume without increasing its\\ninterest. It might be mentioned that many of\\nthese letters furnish intelligence in reference to\\nthe progress of religion in different parts of the\\nUnited States, and perhaps a few extracts may\\nbe given from some of them hereafter.\\nMention has been made of the erection of a\\nbridge over Ebenezer creek, and the making\\nof a causeway through the swamp. The first\\nbridge, however, was a very humble and unpre-\\ntending structure, and answered only a tempo-\\nrary purpose. Mr. King, who owned most of\\nthe land north of Ebenezer creek, applied to\\nthe Legislature, in 1791, for a charter for a\\ncauseway and toll bridge. The charter covered\\na period of thirty years. In 1824, (24th of\\nApril) the Trustees of the Lutheran church\\npurchased, at public sale, Mr. King s interest,\\nwhich was for the unexpired term of nine years,\\nfor the sum of eighteen hundred dollars. With\\nthe bridge the Trustees obtained sixty-five acres\\nof land. A new bridge was erected by Messrs.\\nWilliam and Lewis Bird, in the fall of the same", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0244.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 233\\nyear, at a cost of four hundred and ninety-nine\\ndollars. The Trustees obtained a renewal of\\nthe charter in 1824 for thirty years. Mr. C. F*\\nBergman, in a note in his journal, estimated\\nthat the income from the bridge for nine years\\nwould amount to about five thousand dollars.\\nWhether or not this expectation was realized, it\\nwould be difficult to ascertain though it is\\ncertain, that the Trustees did realize at first a\\nhandsome profit upon the investment. Within\\nthe last fifteen years, however, the bridge and\\ncauseway have been rather a tax upon the\\nchurch, as the inferior court of Effingham county\\nauthorized the opening of a public road from\\nSister s Ferry, on the Savannah river, by way\\nof Springfield, on to the city of Savannah. This\\nmeasure has cut off nearly all the travel from\\nthe old Augusta road, and the toll-gate does\\nnot now pay expenses.\\nIn 1796, Ebenezer was made the county site,\\nand the Legislature appointed commissioners to\\nselect lots for the court-house and jail, and also\\nto provide for the support of an academy.\\nThis academy was intended as a county in-\\nstitution. There was already a parochial school\\nat Ebenezer, under the care of a competent\\nteacher. The instructions, however, were given\\nalmost exclusively in the German, and did not\\nmeet the wants of the community, which even\\nat this time had become measurably Anglicized.\\n20*", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0245.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "234 THE SALZBURGERS\\nThe selection of Ebenezer as the county site\\nwas the second experiment to procure a suitable\\nlocation. The public buildings were erected at\\nTuckasee-King, in 1784, near the present line\\nof Scriven county; but as this movement did not\\nsuit the wishes of the people, Ebenezer was\\nselected. It would have been well for the Salz-\\nburgers if their town had never been made the\\nseat of justice. There are always men of de-\\nbased morals collecting at a county site, who\\ndrink, gamble, and indulge in almost every\\nspecies of vice and these influences did not fail\\nto eff ect the Salzburgers, some of whom were,\\nalas too easily seduced from the right way.\\nFortunately for them, however, Ebenezer was\\nfound to be not sufficiently central; and, in 1799,\\nSpringfield was made the county site, and con-\\ntinues so to this day.\\nIt has been stated, that during the life-time\\nof the first pastors, mills had been erected, and\\nseveral tracts of land were granted for the\\nbenefit of the church. During the war, nearly\\nall these mill establishments were materially\\ninjured, and they subsequently were allowed to\\ngo to decay. In 1808, the congregation applied\\nto the legislature for leave to sell their glebe\\nland. This request was granted, and the pro-\\nceeds were placed in the treasury of the church.\\nThe congregation by degrees disposed of all its\\nreal estate, and the money was invested in bonds", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0246.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 235\\nand mortgages, from the interest of which the\\npastor s salary, and the cm-rent expenses of the\\nchurch were paid. This plan is pursued to the\\npresent day.\\nThe interests of the churches, both at Eben-\\nezer and Savannah, began to demand that a\\nportion of the services should be held in English.\\nMany friends of the Lutheran church saw this,\\nand felt it, and urged upon Mr. Bergman the\\nimportance of attempting to qualify himself to\\npreach in that language but it was with great\\ndifficulty that he could at first be brought even\\nto consider the subject. In this he certainly\\nacted unwisely, as will appear hereafter. An\\nextract is here given from a letter of Bishop\\nAsbury to Mr. Bergman, a part of which bears\\nupon this very subject. The letter was written\\nfrom Georgetown, in 1803. After stating the\\nwonders which God was working in various parts\\nof the country in the conversion of sinners, the\\nbishop says\\nI am not without expectation of visiting Savannah\\nand Ebenezer next December. I shall take an assistant\\nwith me, and, if I could find a decent family, that had\\nthe form of godliness, with whom I could lodge, and a\\nhouse to preach in, we would perhaps spend a week.\\nBut I shall be unwilling to preach in Cloud s or the Bap-\\ntist church. If you have a church in town, I would bor-\\nrow that. I am sorry you do not attend some of the\\ncamp-meetings. Our yearly conference will be held in\\nAugusta, January 1, 1804. There I hope to see you.\\nI think as you are not adoanced in age, if you ivish to be", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0247.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "286 THE salzeuhgers\\nextensively useful, you ought by all means to learn English\\nto preach, as ivell as to lorite. By dose application and some\\nlittle assistance, you would soon gain a good accent and\\npronunciation. In learning to preach English you will\\nopen a door to preach to thousands in this country; besides\\nyou will get good as well do good. I hope that you have a\\nclear witness of your redemption in Christ, and that you\\nvralk closely with God, and are seeking freedom from all\\nsin. When I read in Mr. Wesley s journal, of the holy\\nmen once at Ebenezer, I hope you will be their faithful\\nsuccessor. Oh may the good will of Him that dwelt\\nwith Moses in the bush be with you, and the dew of\\nheaven upon your dwelling-place.\\nI am, as ever, your friend and brother.\\nFrancis Asbury.\\nFrom this letter it will appear that good men\\nin other denominations, who really wished well\\nto the Lutheran church, saw that our ministers,\\nwho persisted in adhering to the German lan-\\nguage, pursued a ruinous policy, while they cir-\\ncumscribed greatly the sphere of their own use-\\nfulness. Would to God, that our forefathers\\ncould have been truly wise on this subject. It\\nwill also be seen, that up to this date the Me-\\nthodist s had no church in the city of Savannah,\\nand Bishop Asbury asked the use of the Luthe-\\nran church. This is a fact worthy of notice.\\nThere is no doubt that the use of the church\\nwas cheerfully granted, and thus, as Lutheran\\nemigrants from Salzburg were measurably the\\ninstruments in Mr. Wesley s awakening, and\\nLuther s preface to the Romans the means of\\nhis conversion, the Lutheran church in Savannah", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0248.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 237\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2was employed by the first Methodist bishop\\nin America to promulgate the doctrines of the\\nvenerable Wesley. From all this it is apparent\\nthat Methodism owes many obligations to the\\nLutheran church, which it is to be regretted\\nhave not always been duly remembered and\\nreciprocated.\\nIt is proper here to remark, that as early as\\n1790, the Rev. Hope Hull was sent to Savan-\\nnah to propagate the doctrines of the Methodist\\nEpiscopal church. He preached a few years in\\na chair-maker s shop belonging to Mr. Lowry;\\nbut, in consequence of the violent opposition\\nraised against him, he met with very little suc-\\ncess. In 1796, Jonathan Jackson and Josiah\\nRandle made another attempt, without any bet-\\nter results. In 1800, John Garvin commenced\\npreaching. He induced a few persons to attend\\nhis meeting, but never succeeded in organizing\\na society. The next attempt was by Mr.\\nCloud, whose extravagances increased the preju-\\ndices against the Methodist and it is probable\\nthat it is to this Mr. Cloud s house that\\nBishop Asbury refers in the foregoing letter.\\nIn 1806, Rev. Samuel Dunwoody was sent to\\nSavannah. By assiduous effort he organized a\\nsociety, and the members after many severe\\ntrials succeeded in erecting a small house of\\nworship, which was called Wesley Chapel. This\\nwas the origin of Methodism in Savannah.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0249.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "238 THE SALZBURGERS\\nNothing of much importance occurrofl among\\nthe Salzburgers until about the year 1804, when\\nMr. Bergman relinquished the charge of the\\nLutheran church in Savannah. In a letter writ-\\nten to the Rev. Mr. Holcombe, pastor of the\\nBaptist church in that city, he assigns the rea-\\nsons which had induced him to take this step.\\nThe letter is dated July 4, 1804. In that letter\\nhe says In Germany both Protestant churches\\n(Lutheran and Reformed) have become measur-\\nably corrupt, through false teachers creeping\\ninto the church, whose bad qualities are de-\\nscribed in Paul s letter to Timothy, and in the\\nEpistle of Peter. These teachers impiously\\ndeny all the fundamental doctrines of our sal-\\nvation, which is in Jesus Christ. The Germans\\nwho have come to this country in late years\\nhave imbibed these false principles, and cannot\\nbear sound doctrine, leading also a perverse life.\\nBesides this, I cannot see any fruit of the gospel\\npreached to them and some impious men, long-\\ning for riches, are insolent enough to impute to\\nme motives which I never entertained. Fur-\\nther, I am bound to stay at Ebenezer, because\\nmy frail constitution will not longer endure the\\nfatigue of journeying so often to Savannah.\\nConsequently, when I visit Savannah hereafter,\\nit must be on week-days.\\nIn another letter addressed to the same gen-\\ntleman, Mr. Bergman remarks I have not (as", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0250.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 239\\nhas been falsely charged) denounced good morals\\nor external religion, as it is termed. I agree\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0with the good Cardinal Bellarmine, who, while he\\napologizes for good works, concludes that it is\\nsafest and best to put all our confidence in God s\\ngrace and Christ s merits. And when I pray\\nthat I may be numbered among God s elect\\nchildren, I desire that he would deal with me,\\nnot according to my merits^ but according to his\\ngrace. Yet some wicked persons whom I refused\\nto admit to the Lord s table, have accused me\\nof advocating Antinomian sentiments. And a\\nman by the name of Salvinger, who resides near\\nthe White Bluff, defamed my name in the Sa-\\nvannah market, as did also one Elliott, once a\\nschoolmaster at White Bluff, and afterward at\\nGoshen, to whom I refused the Lutheran church\\nat Ebenezer. The whole Lutheran church in\\nAmerica needs a reformation. There are many\\npious people in Germany, and some of them\\ncome occasionally to this country, but for the\\nmost part they are only nominal professors, and\\ncannot endure sound doctrine. Hence the\\ntrouble in many of our German churches.\\nThe motives which prompted this step were\\ncertainly pure, and the reasons assigned justify\\nthe course which Mr. Bergman pursued. It is,\\nhowever, probable that he did occasionally visit\\nthe church in Savannah, and perform services\\nfor the benefit of the few pious persons who still", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0251.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "240 THE SALZBURGERS\\nadhered to the true doctrines of the Rei )rmation.\\nHowever, as the services were all held in Ger-\\nman, the young people belonging to the congre-\\ngation gradually withdrew to attend English\\npreaching in other churches, and in a few years\\nMr. Bergman ceased altogether his ministerial\\nlabours in Savannah, and the Lutheran church\\nwas closed, and no successful attempt was made\\nto revive the congregation until the year 1824,\\nwhen the Rev. S. A. Mealy of Charleston,\\nassumed the pastoral charge, not, however,\\nuntil many of the descendants of the Salzbur-\\ngers had been induced to leave the church of\\ntheir fathers, and connect themselves with other\\nChristian denominations. The records of all the\\nProtestant churches in Savannah will show that\\nmuch of the most valuable material from which\\ntheir societies were organized, was of Lutheran\\norigin. And this same sad story must be told\\nin reference to the Lutheran population in every\\nimportant city in our Union. It is, however,\\nfar better that these precious souls should find\\nspiritual pasture somewhere, and be made the\\nheirs of eternal life, than that they should\\nwander about without a spiritual guide, exposed\\nto the wiles of Satan and the craftiness of un-\\ngodly men.\\nIt was about this time that the Rev. Jesse\\nLee, one of the pioneers of Methodism in the\\nUnited States, visited Ebenezer, and spent a", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0252.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "AND THETR DESCENDANTS. 241\\nfew days with Mr. Bergman. The interviews\\nseem to have proved a source of mutual edifica-\\ntion to these pious men. Mr. Lee, speaks of this\\nvisit in a letter addressed to Mr. Aurelius of\\nNew York, and expresses himself as having been\\nvery favourably impressed with the piety and\\nlearning of Mr. Bergman. It is a pleasing fact,\\nthat every one of the first pastors at Ebenezer\\n(Mr. Triebner only excepted) commanded the\\nconfidence and esteem of the ministers in the\\nother evangelical churches, showing very clearly\\nthat their learning and irreproachable Christian\\ncharacter had gained for them a most enviable\\nreputation among the wise and good. But still,\\ntheir piety and learning did not exempt them\\nfrom the attacks of the vicious and profane and,\\nas has already been shown, they were often\\nmade the objects of vituperation. It was, how-\\never, fortunate for them that they were sustained\\nin all their trials by a consciousness of their own\\nintegrity, and the assurance of the divine appro-\\nbation. These are ever the Christian s chief\\nsolace amid the reproaches of the censorious,\\nand the scoffs and derisions of the profligate and\\nworldly; and but for the sweet peace which\\nthe soul derives from a sense of its own recti-\\ntude, cheerless indeed would the path of the\\nfaithful minister as he mingles with the cares\\nand perplexities of life. But amid the conflicts\\nof human passion which meet him on every side,\\n21", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0253.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "242 THE SALZBURGERS\\nand the bufFetings and derisions of a world lying\\nin wickedness, he may ever and anon hear the\\ncheering and animating voice of the Saviour,\\nLo! I am with you always! My peace I\\ngive unto you. Be of good cheer! I have\\novercome the world. Thus he passes on\\nthrough life, ever reposing his confidence in the\\ngreat captain of his salvation, and sustained by\\nthe hope that his labours and toils shall termi-\\nnate in a rich and glorious reward, which shall\\namply compensate him for all the afflictions inci-\\ndent to his earthly pilgrimage.\\nThe labours of Mr. Bergman were somewhat\\ncurtailed by relinquishing the charge of the\\nLutheran church in Savannah and it has already\\nbeen stated, that the church called Bethany\\nhad been in a good measure abandoned. It be-\\ncame necessary, however, to erect a new church\\nnear Jack s branch, about four miles northwest\\nof Springfield, the county site. This church was\\ncalled ^Bethel. It was demanded by the emi-\\ngration to that neighbourhood of a number of\\nfamilies who had formerly resided near Ebenezer,\\nand were members of the congregation at that\\nplace. Yet no new organization was attempted\\nand, even to this day, the members residing near\\nBethel continue their connection with the parent-\\nchurch at Ebenezer. This was a judicious move-\\nment on the part of Mr. Bergman, as it was the\\nmeans of saving to the Lutheran church many", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0254.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 243\\nfamilies who might otherwise have connected\\nthemselves with other denominations.\\nAmong the difficulties connected with his\\nlabours, Mr. Bergman mentions several of a\\npersonal character. One of these was with Co-\\nlonel W., who resided near Sister s Ferry. The\\nnature of the misunderstanding is not stated,\\nnor is it necessary at this late day to attempt to\\ninvestigate it. Colonel W. had been a soldier\\nin the Revolutionary War, and was a man of in-\\nfluence hence, Mr. Bergman was troubled be-\\ncause of the rupture which had taken place, and\\ncorresponded with the Rev. John McVean on\\nthe subject. Mr. Mc Vean was stationed in Sa-\\nvannah as pastor of the Methodist Episcopal\\nchurch. An extract from his letter to Mr. Berg-\\nman on this subject is here inserted, to show\\nthe excellent spirit by which he was actuated.\\nBesides, it contains a great deal of wholesome\\nChristian advice, which it would be well for\\nevery one to remember and practice. He says:\\nI am truly sorry for the misunderstanding between\\nyou and Colonel W., and sincerely wish it were other-\\nwise. I know it is painful to human feelings to receive\\ninjuries from the quarter from whence they were least\\nexpected but our Saviour suffered in the same way, and\\ngood men often do and may expect to suffer. May I be\\npermitted to suggest a plan of reconciliation? When I\\ndo so, I need only quote Scripture to you, without any\\ncomment. First, If thy brother trespass against thee,\\ngo and tell him his fault between him and thee alone\\nif he shall hear thee, then thou hast gained thy brother.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0255.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "244 THE SALZBURGERS\\nMatt. xiii. 15 v. 23. Do, my dear sir, have the honour\\nand the comfort to be the first to make peace love will\\nconquer the stoutest. Suppose you were to take up the\\ncross and go some serene and clear morning and break-\\nfast with Colonel W., and bind and tie his hands, and\\nfeet, and heart, and tongue with cords of love and with\\npious loving conversation and admonition this will do.\\nThis method I am certain will succeed, and under its in-\\nfluence even the lion will become a lamb.\\nYours in Christian love,\\nJohn McVean.^\\nIt is believed that this advice was ta,ken, and\\nfriendly relations were again established between\\nthese parties.\\nIn addition to the sources of trouble which\\nhave already been stated, one which was very\\ntrying to his feelings was the disposition mani-\\nfested by some of the descendants of the Salz-\\nburgers to forsake the church of their fathers.\\nThe Methodists and Baptists began to preach in\\nvarious portions of Effingham county; and, in\\nseveral instances, members were drawn off from\\nthe Lutheran church, who, with their families,\\nformed a nucleus for the organization of other\\nchurches differing from the Lutheran, if not in\\nany essential doctrinal views, yet in their uses\\nand form of church government; and it will\\nappear hereafter, that, but for the material which\\nthe Salzburgers furnished to the other denomi-\\nnations which have sprung up in Effingham\\ncounty, they could never have had any existence.\\nThis is true, particularly, in relation to the", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0256.jp2"}, "253": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCEKDANTS. 245\\nMethodist and Baptist churches, and it is a fact\\nsusceptible of proof, especially in relation to\\nthe Methodist church, that their very best mem-\\nbers, both as to piety and influence, are those\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2who descended from the Salzburgers. Mr.\\nBergman saw the course which things were\\ntaking in this respect, and he might have\\nchecked it, at least measurably, by introducing\\nthe English language into the church service,\\nand by bestowing a little more attention upon the\\nspiritual wants of his people; but, with all his\\npiety and learning, his views were not sufficiently\\nIjraetieal.\\nThere was, however, another cause operating,\\nto produce alienation of feeling on the part of\\nthose who felt it their duty to cultivate a spirit\\nof genuine piety; and that was the lax state of\\nmorals in which many of the members indulged,\\nand the want of proper church discipline. The\\ndiscipline was there, but it was a dead letter.\\nMr. Bergman either did not, or could not enforce\\nit, and many of the members became very irregu-\\nlar in their habits, so that their conduct was a\\njust cause of offence to the more godly and con-\\nsistent part of the congregation and many were\\nconstrained from a sense of duty to flee from\\nassociations which they felt were baneful, and to\\nseek others, more congenial to their feelings, and\\nbetter calculated to aid them in the cultivation\\nof their hearts and the fuller development of the\\n21-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0257.jp2"}, "254": {"fulltext": "246 THE SALZBURGERS\\nChristian character. It is not admitted that\\nsuch a course of conduct is justifiable under all\\ncircumstances, and should not be adopted except\\nin extreme cases and only after every means has\\nbeen tried to effect a reformation. Then our\\nown safety may require us to separate ourselves\\nfrom those evil communications which may\\ntend to corrupt our religious principles.\\nThe state of the churches was a source of\\ndeep sorrow to Mr. Bergman. In his letters to\\nhis friends, he complained of the fruitlessness\\nof his labours, and seemed wellnigh to despair of\\never accomplishing any permanent good. His\\npersonal piety was evidently of a high order, and\\nin this respect he was well calculated to be a\\nteacher in divine things but still, he appears\\nto have been unable to wield that moral influence\\nwhich was necessary to suppress every species\\nof vice among his people, and induce them to\\naim at an elevated standard of piety.\\nThus things continued to progress from year\\nto year and though the outward prosperity of\\nthe colony was increasing, the population multi-\\nplying, the people acquiring wealth and seeking\\nnew means of advancing their worldly interests,\\nyet there was a gradual but manifest decline in\\nthe piety of many of the Salzburgers, so that the\\nlanguage of Jeremiah to Israel might very justly\\nbe applied to the descendants of the Salzburgers\\nYet I planted thee a noble vine, wholly a right", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0258.jp2"}, "255": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 247\\nseed; how then art thou turned into the de-\\ngenerate plant of a strange vine unto me? Jer.\\nii. 21. Nevertheless God had not left himself\\nwithout witnesses.\\nIn the midst of all his other trials, Mr. Berg-\\nman was about to experience a heavy bereave-\\nment, in the loss of his only daughter, Ann\\nCatharine, consort of John Neidlinger, She\\nwas born January 1, 1795, and married Sep-\\ntember 18, 1814. In her sixteenth year she\\nmade a profession of religion, and connected\\nherself with the Lutheran congregation at Eben-\\nezer, according to the established usages of the\\nchurch. Her marriage seems not to have been\\na judicious one, and proved a source of grief to\\nherself and her family. Her death occurred\\non the 31st of January, 1819, she being in her\\ntwenty-fifth year. Her brother has these notes\\nin his journal in reference to her decease:\\nWhen her mother first came to her, she said\\nMother, are you not sorry for your poor child?\\n(alluding to her bodily suffering.) She con-\\ntinued: I am going to my dear Redeemer.\\nMy Redeemer will have mercy on me. I am\\nquite happy and easy, my Saviour has strength-\\nened me, I feel not the least pain. She ex-\\npired without a sigh or a groan, calmly com-\\nmending her spirit into the hands of her divine\\nSaviour.\\nThis sad event cast quite a gloom over the", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0259.jp2"}, "256": {"fulltext": "248 THE SALZBURGERS\\nfamily, and it is to be hoped that the dispensa-\\ntion was sanctified to all who were aJSiicted by it.\\nA few years subsequently to the death of his\\ndaughter, Mr. Bergman himself was removed\\nfrom the vineyard of the Lord. This occurred\\non the 25th of February, 1824. Mr. Bergman\\nhad served the congregation at Ebenezer with\\ngreat faithfulness, but his labours seem not to\\nhave been duly appreciated, and there had\\nevidently been a retrograde movement in the\\ncongregation, and the moral and religious aspect\\nof the colony was far from being favourable.\\nYet his labours were not in vain. God gave him\\nmany seals to his ministry, some of whom still\\nlive to bless the church and the world by their\\npious and exemplary deportment. The labourer\\nwas gathered to his reward in peace and holy\\ntriumph, after having spent thirty-six years of\\nunremitting toil in the Master s vineyard. His\\nremains were buried in Ebenezer Cemetery,\\nand there, with hundreds of the pious Salzbur-\\ngers, he rests in hope of a better resurrection.\\nHe was a good man and full of faith.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0260.jp2"}, "257": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 249\\nCHAPTER XII.\\nGloomy prospects at Ebenezer Ilev. C. F. Bergman His early re-\\nligious sentiments Calvinistic tendency Attends the Georgia\\nPresbytery Letter to Rev. M. Ranch Conflicting views\\nBecomes a member of Presbytery Receives a call to St. Mat-\\nthew s Lutheran Church Dr. J. Bachman visits Savannah and\\nEbenezer Interview and correspondence with Mr. Bergman\\nMr. Bergman changes his views, joins South Carolina Synod,\\nand becomes pastor at Ebenezer His piety and qualification\\nfor the work State of the congregation Methodist and Bap-\\ntist churches organized Methodist church at Goshen Rev. J.\\n0. Andrew Delusion A false messiah Strange scene at\\nGoshen Sad results Rev. L. Myers locates at Goshen Hia\\ncharacter, labours, and death Temperance movement at\\nEbenezer Mr. Bergman introduces English preaching Ilia\\nmarriage His children Temporal and spiritual prosperity\\nEmigration of Salzburgers to other counties Church in Sa-\\nvannah Rev. S. A. Mealy Rev. N. Aldrich New church in\\nSavannah Rev. A. J. Karn German congregation Rev. W.\\nEpping Disaffection at Ebenezer Other churches built up\\nby Salzburgers Mr. Bergman as a scholar Trials Indiffer-\\nence to education Mr. Bergman s sickness and death Rev.\\nJ. D. Schenck\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Rev. E. A. Bolles\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Difficulties at Ebenezer\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nRev. P. A. Strobel Death of Mrs. Bergman Rev. E, KiefiFer\\nRev. G. Haltiwanger Rev. J. Austin Present condition of\\nthe church Father Snider.\\nThe condition of the colony at Ebenezer,\\non the death of Mr. Bergman, was gloomy in-\\ndeed. Owing to the establishment of the inde-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0261.jp2"}, "258": {"fulltext": "250 THE SALZBURGERS\\npendence of the States, the Society for Pro-\\nmoting Christian Knowledge had ceased to ex-\\ntend any aid to the Salzburgers, and as the\\ncongregation at Ebenezer had made some\\nchanges in the administration of its affairs, the\\nchurch no longer looked to their friends in Ger-\\nmany to supply them with a pastor. Their\\nfriend and faithful adviser, Dr. Muhlenburg,\\nwas dead, and there was no Lutheran Synod in\\nthe South from which they could expect to receive\\nany aid. It is true, Mr. Bergman had left a son,\\nChristopher F., a young man of deep piety and\\nof extensive learning, acquired mostly under\\nthe instruction of his father, and to him the\\npeople naturally looked as the successor of their\\nlate venerable pastor. His mind, however, was\\nturned in a different direction.\\nYoung Bergman seems in early life to have\\nimbibed strong Calvinistic sentiments. This, no\\ndoubt, was the result of his reading. He had\\nmade himself familiar with the writings of Scott,\\nHenry, Doddridge, and other eminent divines\\nof that school, and he appears to have adopted\\nthe doctrine of the Divine Sovereignty and\\nthe doctrine of grace, as taught in Cal-\\nvin s institutes. So far had he gone in em-\\nbracing these tenets, that he attended several\\nsessions of the Georgia Presbytery, one in Abbe-\\nville South Carolina, in 1821, one in Augusta\\nin 1822, and the other at Daricn in 1823. At", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0262.jp2"}, "259": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 251\\nthis latter meeting he presented a Latin exegesis\\non this question, An Christus sit Deus verus.\\nThe exegesis was received with great favour by\\nthe Presbytery, and Mr. Bergman was examined\\nas to his personal piety, and upon natural and\\nmoral science. This examination was highly\\ncreditable, and furnished unmistakable evidence\\nof fine order of intellect and very extensive ac-\\nquirements. Mr. Bergman was consequently\\nduly licensed as a Presbyterian minister. In\\nhis father s congregation, he had occasionally\\nexercised his gifts in preaching the gospel, but\\nit was not with a view to become the pastor of\\nthe church. This may be learned from the fol-\\nlowing extract of a letter addressed to Rev. M.\\nRauch in Orangeburg, South Carolina, and dated\\nSeptember T, 1821.\\nI have been for a while past revolving the question\\nwithin myself, on the propriety of my assuming the pas-\\ntoral relation in connection with our society. It is not\\nvery material whether we are denominated Calvinistic\\nor Lutheran, provided the gospel be preached in purity\\nand according to its true intent and acceptation. As to\\nthe exposition of the doctrine of grace, we need only refer\\nto impartial history to discover that Luther maintained\\nit no less strenuously than (palvin himself, differing only\\nin a few slight shades. The fact is this, there are mys-\\nteries in revelation which a finite mind is incapable of\\nresolving on any known principles.\\nIf I say, Christ is the propitiation for the sins of the\\nwhole world, the question arises, Why then are not all\\nsaved? because they do not believe; but then faith is\\nthe gift of God. It is the word of God that we believe,", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0263.jp2"}, "260": {"fulltext": "9.A9\\nTHE SALZBURGEES\\nwhen he has said, that nothing debars us from salvation\\nbut unwillingness or dissimulation. If, then, this desire\\nand inclination be implanted in us by God s Holy Spirit,\\nwe shall of course be saved. Our salvation must be gra-\\ntuitously bestowed, if by free grace.\\nThe difficulty that presents itself on the other hand\\nis no less formidable. The only way to extricate our-\\nselves is to receive the sacred Scriptures as we find them,\\nand not confine ourselves to abstract systematic reason-\\ning. The Scripture is the best interpreter of itself.\\nYours sincerely,\\nChristopher F. Bergman.\\nIn this state of mind Mr. Bergman continued in\\nthe Presbyterian church until the year 1824. In\\nthe mean time he was invited to take charge of the\\nLutheran church in St. Matthew s Parish, South\\nCarolina, which, however, he declined. In 1824,\\nDr. Bachman, pastor of the Lutheran church in\\nCharleston, went to Savannah with a view to\\nattempt a reorganization of the Lutheran con-\\ngregation in the latter city. Dr. Bachman ex-\\ntended his visit to Ebenezer, and had an inter-\\nview with Mr. Bergman. This interview, in con-\\nnection with a subsequent correspondence be-\\ntween the parties, gave a new direction to the\\ntheological views of Mr. Bergman. He embraced\\ncordially the doctrines of the Lutheran church;\\nand, in November, 1824, was received in connec-\\ntion with the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of\\nSouth Carolina and adjacent States, and solemnly\\nordained a minister of the gospel. He imme-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0264.jp2"}, "261": {"fulltext": "A^ D THEIIl DESCENDANTS. 253\\ndiately assumed the pastoral charge of the con-\\ngregation at Ebenezer.\\nTo the discharge of his duties as a pastor,\\nMr. Bergman brought a mind well stored with\\nvaried and useful learning, and a heart deeply\\nimbued with a spirit of Christian humility and un-\\nfeigned piety. In his tastes he was, perhaps, rather\\ntoo refined for the particular sphere in which he\\nmoved. He had been a close student of nature,\\nand his journal furnishes abundant evidence of\\na rich exuberance of sentiment, chastened, how-\\never, by a strong religious sentiment. His cast\\nof mind was, perhaps, rather melancholic, but\\nyet he seems always to have cherished an un-\\nwavering confidence in God, which cheered and\\nanimated him, even under the most trying cir-\\ncumstances. Still, there was a natural timidity\\nand reserve in his character, which operated\\nsomewhat to his disadvantage as a pastor.\\nWhen he assumed that relation at Ebenezer,\\nhe found the congregation in a declining condi-\\ntion. This, as has been stated, was occasioned\\nin part by the want of proper discipline, and\\nalso by the too long use of the German lan-\\nguage. These causes induced many of the de-\\nscendants of the Salzburgers to forsake the\\nchurch of their fathers, and unite in the organi-\\nzation of other societies. Methodist and Bap-\\ntist churches sprung up in various parts of the\\ncounty, and the preachers of these denomina-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0265.jp2"}, "262": {"fulltext": "254 THE SALZBURGERS\\ntions seemed to labour with great zeal to prose-\\nlyte the members of the Lutheran church and\\ntheir families. In this they were only too suc-\\ncessful. In the neighbourhood of Goshen, Mr.\\nDavid Gougle and his family, with several others,\\nwere induced to join the Methodist society; and,\\nas they were allowed the use of the Lutheran\\nchurch at Goshen, in process of time the church\\nitself was transferred to the Methodist Confer-\\nence, and is held to this day as their property,\\nthough the stvan still surmounts the spire, clearly\\nshowing what was originally the character of\\nthe church.\\nThe Methodist church at Goshen was organ-\\nized about the year 1822. The Rev. James 0.\\nAndrew (now Bishop Andrew) was at that time\\nstationed in Savannah, but occasionally, and\\nperhaps statedly, visited Goshen. It was under\\nhis ministry that this society was formed, though\\nthe transfer of the property did not take place\\nfor several years afterwards. Among the first\\nmembers of this society, were, besides Mr. David\\nGougle, his daughters, Mrs. Nowlan (wife of\\nMajor Nowlan) and Mrs. Charlton, and the hus-\\nband of the latter. Major John Charlton.\\nThere is a singular incident connected with\\nthe history of this church at Goshen, which it\\nmay be proper to insert here. The facts are\\ngiven, but, out of respect to the feelings of their\\nfamilies, the names of the parties are suppressed.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0266.jp2"}, "263": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 255\\nTwo gentlemen, Mr. D and Captain W\\nlabouring under a strange hallucination, ima-\\ngined themselves called, by a special revelation\\nfrom heaven, to preach the gospel. By dwell-\\ning too much upon this subject, they ultimately\\nbecame somewhat monomaniac, and announced\\nthemselves respectively as John the Baptist and\\nthe Messiah. They made an appointment to\\npreach at Goshen, but owing to their insane\\npretensions, the elders closed the church against\\nthem. Nevertheless, they attended at the\\nchurch at the time appointed, and announced to\\nthe large congregation assembled, that, as an\\nevidence of the divinity of their mission, the\\ndoors and windows would fly open miraculously,\\nprecisely at twelve o clock. But their prediction\\nwas not verified, and they were compelled to\\nleave the assemblage, being deeply mortified at\\ntheir disappointment. Of course, the whole\\naffair proved a miserable farce. Mr. W\\nleft his house the next day, under great mental\\nexcitement, and wandered about in the woods\\nuntil he died from hunger and exhaustion. Apart\\nfrom this strange delusion, he is represented as\\nhaving been one of the best and most exemplary\\nmen of his day, and was even honoured with a\\nseat in the Legislature. Mr. D who had\\nonce been sheriff of Eflingham county, after\\nbeing immersed some three or four times, con-\\nnected himself with the Bible Christians or", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0267.jp2"}, "264": {"fulltext": "256 THE SALZBURGERS\\nCampbellites. He still lives, and is man of\\ngreat integrity, and possesses many fine traits of\\ncharacter.\\nIn the neighbourhood of Goshen resided the\\nRev. Lewis Myers, a venerable local preacher\\nof the Methodist connection. He was admitted\\na member of the South Carolina Conference in\\n1799, and continued in the itinerancy until\\nabout the year 1823, when he settled with his\\nfamily at Goshen in Effingham county. Father\\nMyers occupied a very conspicuous place in the\\nMethodist church. He was stationed at one\\ntime in Charleston, South Carolina, and fre-\\nquently received the appointment of presiding\\nelder. He travelled extensively in South Caro-\\nlina and Georgia, and by his zeal and piety\\nalways secured the confidence and esteem of\\nthose who formed his acquaintance. After he\\nlocated, he laboured diligently in the cause of\\nhis Master. He was a warm friend of Sab-\\nbath-schools and the temperance cause, and gave\\nto both the full weight of his influence. In his\\ndomestic relations, he was dutiful and afi ection-\\nate, and very social in his feelings. He always\\ncandidly reproved faults when he discovered\\nthem, but the reproof was tempered with kind-\\nness, and no one could fail to see the spirit of the\\nhonest, uncompromising Christian in every act\\nof his life. He reared an intelligent and re-\\nspectable family, most of whom are still living.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0268.jp2"}, "265": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 257\\nFather Myers was attacked with paralysis in\\n1848, from which he never fully recovered. In\\n1849, he removed with his family to Springfield,\\nwhere he resided until his death, which occurred\\nin 1851.\\nMr. Bergman entered upon his duties at\\nEbenezer with zeal, and with a full determina-\\ntion to discharge his obligations to his people in\\nthe fear of God but he soon found that he was\\nto meet with serious opposition in carrying out\\nsome of his measures of reform. He had seen\\nthat intemperance was prevailing to rather too\\ngreat an extent among the people of the county,\\nand that some of his own church-members were\\nnot as free from this sin as he had a right to\\nexpect. He therefore felt constrained to re-\\nprove this vice from the pulpit, and to suggest\\nthe propriety of organizing a temperance society.\\nThis measure met with very few advocates, and\\nit is said that one of his members rebuked him\\npublicly, in not very mild terms, for his temerity\\nin attempting to correct this evil. He was not,\\nhowever, driven from his purpose.\\nMr. Bergman continued to preach at Eben-\\nezer, at Bethel, and occasionally at Zion s, and\\nhe introduced the use of the English language\\nin all the churches. This, together with the\\nbetter enforcement of the discipline, had a bene-\\nficial influence upon the spiritual interests of\\nthe church, and the cause of true piety seemed", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0269.jp2"}, "266": {"fulltext": "258 THE SALZBtlRGERS\\ngenerally to revive. Still there was mucli apathy\\nand indifference among a large portion of the\\nmembers.\\nIn 1825, Mr. Bergman was married to Miss\\nMary C. Fieri, second daughter of Mr. Israel\\nFieri, a lineal descendant of the Salzburgers.\\nThis lady, in point of mind and disposition, was\\nwell calculated to become the companion of such\\na man as Mr. Bergman, and their union was a\\nsource of mutual happiness and comfort. By\\nthis marriage, Mr. Bergman had three children,\\nonly one of whom survived him a daughter, who\\ndied, however, in 1837.\\nThere is nothing of special importance to notice\\nin the general condition of the descendants of the\\nSalzburgers during the ministry of Mr. Bergman.\\nIn their temporal interests they were very much\\nprospered; and, on the whole, the church had\\nmade some improvement in spirituality.\\nThere was, however, manifested by many of\\nthe Salzburgers, a disposition to emigrate to\\nother sections of Georgia. Some had removed\\nto Scriven, and other families had located in\\nLowndes and Thomas counties and in fact, the\\ndescendants of the Salzburgers, if we had the\\nmeans to trace them up, could no doubt be found\\nin many States of the Union, from Pennsylva-\\nnia to Louisiana, and in nearly one-third of\\nthe counties of Georgia though, it is true, in\\nmost cases, in rather an isolated condition", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0270.jp2"}, "267": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 259\\nstill they retain their names and their general\\ncharacteristics.\\nReference has been made to the church in\\nSavannah. The congregation, since the elder\\nBergman relinquished his charge, had greatly\\ndeclined, though there were some pious fami-\\nlies who still adhered to our confession. In\\n1824, Dr. Bachman of Charleston succeeded in\\nreorganizing the church. He found the families\\nof Mr. Frederick Herb, Mr. Snider, Mr. Haupt,\\nMr. Spann, Mr. Gougle, Mr. Felt, Mrs. S.\\nCooper, Mrs. N. Weriman, and Mrs. L. Cooper,\\nand some others who were still attached to the\\nLutheran church, and were disposed to unite in\\nan effort to resuscitate the congregation. The\\neffort was successful.\\nThe same year, the Rev. Stephen A. Mealy,\\na native of Charleston, South Carolina, and a\\nlicentiate of the South Carolina Synod, was in-\\nduced to remove to Savannah and assume the\\npastoral charge of the church. Mr. Mealy had\\nthe pleasure to see the church attain to consider-\\nable respectability, both as to piety and num-\\nbers. He served this people with great useful-\\nness until 1839, when he accepted a call from\\nSt. Matthew s Church in Philadelphia, and re-\\nmoved to that city.\\nMr. Mealy was succeeded by Rev. N. Aldrich\\nof Charleston. Mr. Aldrich removed to Savan-\\nnah in 1840. Up to the year 1843, the congre-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0271.jp2"}, "268": {"fulltext": "260 THE SALZBURGERS\\ngation had worshipped in a small wooden church\\nwhich had been erected before the Revolutionary\\nWar. As, however, the city of Savannah was\\nrapidly improving, and the congregation had in-\\ncreased in wealth and intelligence, a fine brick\\nedifice eighty-eight by fifty-six feet was erected,\\nat a cost of fifteen thousand dollars. The church\\nwas dedicated in the fall of 1843, on which oc-\\ncasion the pastor was aided by Rev. Dr. Bach-\\nman of Charleston.\\nMr. Aldrich continued in Savannah until the\\nyear 1850, when he was succeeded by the Rev.\\nA. J. Karn, who still sustains the pastoral rela-\\ntion. Mr. Karn labours with great acceptance\\nto the people of his charge. The congregation\\nis rapidly improving, and has been blessed with\\nseveral gracious revivals, which have brought\\nmany members into the church. This congrega-\\ntion occupies, at this time, a very favourable\\nposition in the estimation of the Christian com-\\nmunity of Savannah, and is making itself re-\\nspected by the happy influence that it is exert-\\ning upon the moral interests of a large portion\\nof the community. Within the last two years a\\nGerman congregation has been organized, which\\nbids fair, under the divine blessing, to accomplish\\nmuch good for the large German population which\\nis now to be found in that city. The German\\ncongregation is at present supplied by the Rev.\\nW. Epping. These two churches, acting as they", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0272.jp2"}, "269": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 261\\ndo in concert, are well adapted to meet the\\nwants of the English and German Lutherans in\\nSavannah, and important results may be confi-\\ndently expected from them. May great grace\\nabide upon them, and may God continually add\\nto their number scores and hundreds, who shall\\nbe saved in the great day of rejoicing.\\nIt has been deemed proper to make this refer-\\nence to the Lutheran church in Savannah, be-\\ncause it was originally organized by emigrants\\nfrom Salzburg, and was for many years a con-\\nstituent part of the pastorate at Ebenezer.\\nGreat changes, however, have taken place in the\\ncongregation. Very few of its present members\\nare descended from the original stock, and the\\nchurch has become entirely anglicized. In fact,\\nit has been so ever since 1824, when Mr. Mealy\\nbecame the pastor. Having said this much in\\nrelation to Savannah, it is time to return to\\nEbenezer.\\nIt has been stated that many of the descend-\\nants of the Salzburgers had abandoned the\\nchurch of their fathers, and had aided mate-\\nrially in the organization of other churches.\\nIn Savannah, in the Episcopal church, the Me-\\nthodist Episcopal church, and the Baptist\\nchurch, many of them may be found. This is\\nparticularly the case in reference to the Metho-\\ndist church. There we find the Remsharts, the\\nSniders, the Heidts, and others; some of them", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0273.jp2"}, "270": {"fulltext": "262 THE SALZBURGEPtS\\nmen of wealth and influence. This is, however,\\nmore especially true in relation to Effingham\\ncounty. Prominent among the Methodists may\\nbe seen the Hineleys, Sherraus, Bergsteiners,\\nScheubtrines, Neidlingers, Zittrauers, Mingle-\\ndorffs, Oechleys, (now spelled Exley,) occasion-\\nally a Rahn, a Gnann, a Zettler, and some of\\nthe descendants of the Gougels, including the\\nCharltons, Remsharts, and others. In the Bap-\\ntist church, there are occasionally a Rahn, some\\nof the Dashers, Waldhours, Wisenbakers, Berg-\\nsteiners, c. c. These families constitute, for\\nthe most part, the most conspicuos and wealthy\\nmembers in the churches to which they respec-\\ntively belong. Their withdrawal from the Lu-\\ntheran church was certainly a serious loss; but\\nit is consoling to think that they still form a\\nportion of the great army of our common Lord,\\nand in their new spheres of action are contri-\\nbuting materially to push forward the triumphs\\nof the cross. Though, therefore, they have\\ngone out from us, we can heartily wish them\\nGod-speed, even though it may not be proper to\\nendorse the propriety of the course which they\\npursued, in abandoning the church of their\\nfathers, especially as they cannot find in other\\ncommunities any thing which is sounder in faith,\\nor wiser, or more judicious in discipline and\\nchurch government, than existed in the church\\nwhich they left. And if reform was needed.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0274.jp2"}, "271": {"fulltext": "AND TIIETR DESCENDANTS. 203\\ntliey who were the first to perceive the necessity,\\nwere under the greatest obligation to labour with\\nthe most untiring zeal and energy to effect it.\\nThese disaffections among the Salzburgers\\ntoward the Lutheran church, many of which\\noccurred in the lifetime of Mr. Bergman, proved\\na source of great grief to him and although he\\nhad a consciousness that he did his duty faith-\\nfully, yet he was pained at the results, even\\nthough he was not the cause of bringing them\\nabout.\\nThe younger Bergman presided over the\\nspiritual interests of the Ebenezer congregations\\nfor about eight years. If there was any fault\\nof which he was guilty, it was too close atten-\\ntion to his literary pursuits, to the neglect of\\npastoral visitations and the serious injury of his\\nhealth. He evidently was a very close and in-\\ndustrious student, and he laboured to acquire\\na thorough knowledge of every department of\\nscience and literature. He has left a number\\nof treatises on various subjects, including botany,\\nmeteorology, astronomy, natural philosophy,\\nhistory, poetry, belles lettres, c. Beside which\\nhe kept a diary in which are carefully and mi-\\nnutely noted all the important events that hap-\\npened in our own country and throughout the\\nworld, as far as they came to his knowledge.\\nHis acquirements in the languages and mathe-\\nmatics were extensive and what is remarkable,", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0275.jp2"}, "272": {"fulltext": "264 THE SALZBUHGERS\\nIlls entire education was obtained in his father s\\nstudy. But his paternal instructor was well\\nfitted for the task, being himself a man of very\\nextraordinary attainments.\\nAmong the other causes of regret to Mr.\\nBergman, was the indifference which many of\\nthe Salzburgers began to manifest on the subject\\nof education. It had been an object with all\\nthe pastors at Ebenezer, to keep up good paro-\\nchial schools at each of the churches, and for\\nmany years this was successfully done. Even\\nafter the Revolution, when the elder Bergman\\ncame over from Germany a teacher accompanied\\nhim, as has been stated, and the school at Eben-\\nezer was reorganized and sustained for many\\nyears. But as the Salzburgers began to remove\\nfrom Ebenezer arid settle upon their farms, they\\ngradually lost their interest (or at least in a\\ngood measure) in the subject of education, and\\nmany of them permitted their children to grow\\nup in comparative ignorance, having very little\\nmore than the rudiments of the plainest Eng-\\nlish education. In this the people have been\\nvery culpable, especially as there is a fund be-\\nlonging to the church for the education of those\\nchildren whose parents may see proper to avail\\nthemselves of it.\\nAbout the year 1830, Mr. Bergman s health\\nbegan to decline and it became manifest to his\\nfriends and himself that his constitution was", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0276.jp2"}, "273": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 2G6\\nseriously impaired. Nevertheless he endeavoured\\nto perform his duties faithfully and cheerfully,\\nas far as his strength would permit. In the\\nearly part of the year 1832, it was evident that\\nthe season of his probation and ministerial use-\\nfulness was drawing to a close. About the 1st\\nof March he was compelled to desist from all\\nactive employments, and about the middle he\\nwas confined to his bed. He became so reduced\\nin the course of a week that he could not speak\\nabove a whisper. Thus he continued gradually\\nto waste away until the 26th of March, 1832,\\nwhen he was gathered to his rest in peace. A\\nshort time before his death he regained sufficient\\nstrength to be able to converse with a ministerial\\nbrother, (Rev. S. A. Mealy) to whom he re-\\nmarked If it is the divine will, I am prepared\\nand would rather go now. I feel that for me to\\ndepart and to be with Christ, is far better. I\\nthink I can truly say, for me to live is Christ\\nand to die is gain. Blessed be the God and\\nFather of my Lord Jesus Christ, I have no\\ndoubts. I look into the grave v/ithout alarm.\\nI believe I can say without dread, to corrup-\\ntion thou art my father, and to the worm thou\\nart my mother and sister. He then repeated\\nwith great energy, while his face was irradiated\\nwith a heavenly smile, the Christian s hymn of\\ntriumph:\\n23", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0277.jp2"}, "274": {"fulltext": "206 THE SALZBITRGERS\\nCease, fond nature, cease thy strife,\\nAnd let me languish into life.\\nLend, lend your wings, I mount, I fly\\ngrave, where is thy victory\\ndeath, where is thy sting?\\nWith this language upon his lips, he gently fell\\nasleep in Jesus, and was gathered to his fathers\\nlike one who lies down to pleasant dreams.\\nOn the 27th of March he was buried in Eben-\\nezer cemetery, adding another to the pious and\\ntruly godly men who repose in that ancient and\\nvenerable receptacle of the dead. The congre-\\ngation, as an evidence of the high regard which\\nwas cherished for him, erected a suitable tablet\\nto his memory in the cemetery at Ebenezer.\\nThe Rev. John D. Scheck succeeded Mr.\\nBergman. Mr. Scheck is a native of Maryland.\\nIn 1831 he removed to South Carolina, and con-\\nnected himself with the Lutheran Synod of that\\nState. During the first year of his ministry he\\nmissionated among the destitute congregations\\nin the bounds of the synod. He then accepted\\na call to the charge of the Lutheran church in\\nSt. Matthew s Parish, Orangeburg District,\\nSouth Carolina. From this charge he removed\\nto Ebenezer, and served the concrresiation until\\n1838, when he resigned and removed for a brief\\nperiod to Alabama. Mr. Scheck s labours were\\nduly appreciated by a large portion of the con-\\ngregation, and it is believed that his preaching", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0278.jp2"}, "275": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 267\\nwas blessed to the edification of not a few.\\nNothing, however, of specialimportance occurred\\nduring his connection with the church.\\nWhile Mr. Scheck was pastor, his health and\\nthat of his family suffered very much during their\\nresidence at Ebenezer, from the miasma arising\\nfrom the river and swamps. It became neces-\\nsary, therefore, to build a new parsonage in the\\npine land, about three miles from Ebenezer.\\nThis house has been the permanent residence\\nof the pastors ever since, and has proved to be\\none of the healthiest locations in all that\\ncountry. At the suggestion of Mr. Scheck, the\\ncongregation likev/ise improved the church,\\nplacing in it a new pulpit after the modern\\nstyle, and in other respects rendering the church\\nmore comfortable and tast}^ in its exterior and\\ninterior appearance.\\nIn 1838, the Rev. E. A. BoUcs of Charleston,\\nSouth Carolina, received and accepted a call to\\nthe Ebenezer charge. Mr. Bolles had been a\\nprivate student of Dr. Bachman s, and subse-\\nquently spent two years in the theological semi-\\nnary at Lexington, South Carolina. Upon\\nleaving the seminary he removed to North Caro-\\nlina, where he remained a year, prior to his loca-\\ntion at Ebenezer. Mr. Bolles was for several\\nyears successful as a pastor, and made many\\nwarm friends at Ebenezer. However, in 1842,\\nan attempt was made to introduce and enforce", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0279.jp2"}, "276": {"fulltext": "THE SALZBURGERS\\nthe new discipline, adopted by the Synod of\\nSouth Carolina, which was warmly opposed by a\\nlarge number of the members, and resulted in a\\nschism, which wellnigh rent the church in twain.\\nFor this measure there was really no neces-\\nsity. Those who attempted to introduce the\\nnew discipline were no doubt influenced by the\\npurest and best motives, but they evidently\\nacted unadvisedly. A reform in the church was\\ngreatly needed but those who favoured it, did\\nnot adopt the most judicious course to effect\\ntheir laudable object. If they had examined\\nthe archives of the church, they would have\\nfound a discipline already in existence far supe-\\nrior in every respect to the one which they pro-\\nposed to introduce, and by planting themselves\\nupon that, they might very easily have accom-\\nplished their purpose and while, by this course,\\nthey would have fortified their own position,\\nthey might have disarmed the opponents of the\\ndiscipline of their most powerful arguments\\nagainst the measure. The new discipline was\\nevidently adopted unconstitutionally, and it was\\nwell for all parties that this controversy was\\namicably settled. This was accomplished through\\nthe agency of Dr. Bachman of Charleston, then\\nPresident of the Synod. In 1843 he visited\\nEbenezer, and calling the whole congregation\\ntogether, the matters in dispute were all dis-\\ncussed and an adjustment effected, which was", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0280.jp2"}, "277": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 269\\nsatisfactory to the great majority of the members.\\nA few, however, still remained disaffected, and\\nseveral left the church. The strife had been\\nvery severe, and various documents had been\\npresented to the synod, setting forth the views\\nof the respective parties and it was accomplish-\\ning much for the church, when, after all the\\ncrimination and recrimination which had occur-\\nred, the dispute was settled upon any terms\\nwhatever. There was a union effected, but it is\\nto be feared it was not a very cordial one.\\nMr. Bolles continued at Ebenezer during the\\nremainder of this year; but in 1844, he relin-\\nquished the position and removed to his native\\ncity. After a short sojourn there, he accepted a\\ncall to the Beth-Eden charge in Newberry Dis-\\ntrict, South Carolina. He is now an agent for\\nthe American Bible Society in South Carolina,\\nin which position he is rendering good service\\nto the cause of Christ.\\nAfter Mr. Bolles removed from Ebenezer, the\\ncongregation extended a call to Rev. P. A. Stro-\\nbel, at the time principal of a female seminary\\nin Savannah. Mr. Strobel is a native of\\nCharleston, South Carolina, and a graduate of\\nthe theological seminary at Lexington, South\\nCarolina. The call was accepted, and Mr. Stro-\\nbel served the congregation for four years and a\\nhalf.\\nDuring Mr. Strobel s stay at Ebenezer, a new\\n23^-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0281.jp2"}, "278": {"fulltext": "270 THE SALZBUKGERS\\nchurcli was built on the Middle Ground Road,\\nnear the Ogeechee River. This church was de-\\nsigned for the accommodation of those members\\nwho had removed so far from Ebenezer that it\\nwas impracticable for them to attend preaching\\nat the parent church. It is believed that this\\nmeasure was the means of saving many mem-\\nbers to the Lutheran church, who would other-\\nwise have been lost to it, and it also carried\\nthe means of grace to a very destitute neigh-\\nbourhood.\\nMr. Strobel continued at Ebenezer until the\\ncommencing of the year 1849, when he removed\\nto the city of Macon, and accepted an appoint-\\nment as missionary to the few Lutheran families\\nwho reside in that city. After labouring in this\\nfield a year, with some prospect of success, it\\nwas found impossible to prosecute the mission\\nsuccessfully, and it was abandoned. The Luthe-\\nrans in Macon are mostly Germans, and their\\nattachments to the church of their fathers are\\nnot strong enough to induce them to make the\\nnecessary sacrifices to build up a congregation.\\nThose who make any pretensions to piety at all,\\nhave become pew-holders and worshippers in\\nother churches, and they could not be induced\\nto unite cordially in the enterprise of erecting a\\nLutheran church.\\nThe congreo^ation at Ebenezer was without a\\nregular pastor for more than a year, after Mr.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0282.jp2"}, "279": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 271\\nStrobel removed to Macon. In the mean time\\nthe Rev. Ephriam KeiiFer served them as a tem-\\nporary supply. Mr. Keiffer was a descendant\\nof the Salzburgers, and had united with the\\nchurch in the lifetime of the elder Bergman.\\nBeing a man of ardent zeal and devoted piety,\\nhe felt it to be his duty to do something to pro-\\nmote the spiritual welfare of the church. En-\\ncouraged by the pastor, he was induced to hold\\nprayer-meetings and deliver exhortations, when-\\never an opportunity was afforded him. He took\\ngreat interest in the Sabbath-school, and acted\\nas superintendent for many years. He was at\\nlength prevailed upon to apply for license to\\npreach. This was readily granted for although\\nhis education was rather limited, yet he was a\\nman of excellent natural abilities, and his good\\nsense and upright and consistent deportment\\ncompensated for many other deficiencies.\\nWhile the congregation remained vacant, Mr.\\nKieffer was prevailed upon by his brethren to\\ndischarge the duties of a pastor, until one could\\nbe obtained. With great reluctance he com-\\nplied with the wishes of the congregation, and\\nserved them until the beginning of the year\\n1851. During this year it pleased God to call\\nhim away from the scene of his earthly labours.\\nAfter an illness of several weeks, he expired at\\nhis residence in Effingham county, closing his\\ncareer with great serenity of mind, leaving to", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0283.jp2"}, "280": {"fulltext": "THE SALZBURGERS\\nhis family and the church the rich legacy of an\\nunblemished Christian character.\\nThe Rev. George Haltiwanger became the\\npastor at Ebenezer in 1851. Mr. Haltiwanger\\nis a native of Lexington district, South Caro-\\nlina, and a graduate of the seminary at Lexing-\\nton. Possessing naturally a good mind, which\\nhe has cultivated with some care, and imbued\\nwith a spirit of deep piety, he is well calculated\\n(if any man is) to succeed in this somewhat dif-\\nficult charge. For it is a melancholy truth, that\\nof late years the congregation at Ebenezer has\\nbecome rather hard to suit with a pastor. Mr.\\nBolzius served them for thirty-two years. Mr.\\nRabenhorst for more than twenty years. The\\nelder Bergman for thirty -six years. And the\\nyounger Bergman for eight years. And it is\\nworthy of remark, that all the pastors at Eben-\\nezer, up to the time of the younger Bergman,\\n(with the exception of Mr. Triebner,) sustained\\nthe pastoral relation until they were removed by\\ndeath. Since the demise of the younger Berg-\\nman, however, up to this date, a period of twen-\\nty-two years, four changes have been made,\\nshowing an average of a little more than four\\nyears for each pastor. It cannot always be the\\nfault of the minister; the people must necessa-\\nrily be more or less to blame, and it would be\\nwell for them to inquire seriously, prayerfully,\\nand candidly, in how far they have unneccessa-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0284.jp2"}, "281": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 273\\nrily rendered the situation of the pastor such,\\nas to constrain him to leave the congregation,\\nfor his own peace as well as that of the church.\\nA congregation will be made to feel, sooner or\\nlater, the baneful effects arising from so many\\nchanges, especially when they are demanded,\\nnot so much by any want of faithfulness on the\\npart of the minister, as by a restless, fault-\\nfinding, and captious spirit on the part of the\\npeople.\\nThus far, Mr. Haltiwanger has succeeded in\\ngiving general satisfaction to the people and\\nthere seems to be a more general interest mani-\\nfested on the subject of religion, than for seve-\\nral years. Since his removal to Ebenezer, a\\nnew church has been erected near the old site\\nof Bethel, three miles above Springfield, which\\nis very creditable to those who built it. In this\\nneighbourhood, particularly, the members have\\nalways been noted for their piety and the har-\\nmony which prevails among them. It may, in\\nfact, be regarded as the most interesting and\\nflourishing part of the congregation, and this in\\nno doubt attributable to the spirit of union which\\nalways prevails among them.\\nIn this neighbourhood lived and died the\\nvenerable J. Gotlieb Snider. He was a soldier\\nin the Revolutionary War, having served his\\ncountry faithfully under General Wayne. Fa-\\nther Snider lived to be nearly ninety years of", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0285.jp2"}, "282": {"fulltext": "274 THE SALZBURGERS\\nage. He was contemporary with Messrs. Lembke,\\nRabenhorst, and Bergman, and lived until the\\nyear 1848. He was a man of ardent piety, en-\\nlarged benevolence, and strong practical views.\\nBy his beneficence he relieved many a widow and\\norphan, and sought to render himself a bene-\\nfactor to all who needed his assistance. As he\\nadvanced in life, the evidences of the divine\\nfavour seemed every day to become brighter,\\nand his faith and hope increased as he approached\\nthe end of his long and eventful life. He de-\\nlighted to speak of the early days of the colony\\nof the prosperity of Ebenezer of the large and\\nattentive congregations that once assembled in\\nthe old church of the piety of the pastors and\\nthe spirituality of their flock and while he\\ndwelt upon these scenes, his eyes would fill with\\ntears and his countenance beam with holy joy,\\nas he would remark, Oh! I shall soon see\\nmany of these pious, good old friends in hea-\\nven. He died in full prospect of an inherit-\\nance among the saints in light. May the savour\\nof his holy life never be entirely lost\\nThe congregation at Ebenezer, under the judi-\\ncious management of the Rev. G. Haltiwanger,\\nis making decided advancement. There has been\\na steady increase of the membership, and a gra-\\ndual progress in the spirituality of the church.\\nThe people are beginning to manifest more en-\\nlarged views of Christian duty, and an expan-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0286.jp2"}, "283": {"fulltext": "AND TIIF.TR DESCENDANTS.\\nsive benevolence, which augur well for the future.\\nAs some evidence of this favourable change, the\\nchurch has been recently thoroughly renovated.\\nThe brick floor has been removed, and a plank\\none substituted. Neat pews have taken the place\\nof the old-fashioned benches, and both the\\ninterior and exterior of the venerable Jerusa-\\nlem church have been greatly improved. One\\nalteration has, how^ever, been made, which is\\nobjectionable. The swan which once stood\\nupon the spire of the church has been taken\\ndown, and its place is now occupied by a fish.\\nThis is in bad taste. If, as has been stated, the\\nswan was Luther s coat of arms, it should have\\nbeen permitted to remain as emblematical of the\\ndistinctive character of the church. Besides, in\\nview of the many thrilling associations connected\\nwith that swan, it ought never have been re-\\nmoved. It should have stood there as a kind\\nof heirloom, connecting the present with all\\nthe glorious and inspiring recollections of the\\npast reminding us ever of the immortal Re-\\nformer, and the soul-elevating doctrines he pro-\\nclaimed in defence of which the Salzburgers\\nwere exiled, and for their propagation and main-\\ntenance erected that time-honoured temple upon\\nthe banks of the beautiful Savannah. Let that\\nfish come down, and let the old swan resume\\nits accustomed place. It stood there for more\\nthan a century, solitary and alone, weathering", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0287.jp2"}, "284": {"fulltext": "276 THE SALZBURGERS\\nevery storm, a witness to all the varied incidents\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0svhich have marked the history of the colony.\\nAmid the decay of generations and the muta-\\ntions of society, it has been a silent yet eloquent\\nmonitor, reminding us of the noble moral heroism\\nof our ancestors, and bidding us emulate the\\nexample of those whose attachment to a pure\\nand heavenly faith made them the victims of a\\ndark and murderous spirit, and drove them upon\\na willing pilgrimage in search of that holy\\nground where, unawed by human cruelty and a\\nblind superstition, the soul might unfold its\\npinions and soar aloft to hold sweet and unfet-\\ntered communion with the Father of spirits.\\nIn addition to these improvements in the\\nchurch edifice, other measures have been adopted\\nto advance the interests of the church, which\\ncannot be too highly commended. The congre-\\ngation have agreed to call and support an ad-\\njunct pastor and the Rev. Jacob Austin, a re-\\ncent graduate of the seminary of Lexington,\\nSouth Carolina, has already entered upon his\\nduties in that relation. Under this arrange-\\nment it would really seem that nothing can be\\nwanting, as far as human instrumentality is con-\\ncerned, to secure the permanent prosperity of the\\ncongregation. By a proper division of labour, and\\nby harmonious and judicious effort on the part of\\nthe associate pastors, the several congregations\\ncan be supplied with preaching upon almost every", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0288.jp2"}, "285": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 277\\nSabbath. Catecbetical instruction and pastoral\\nvisitation, those very important agents in ministe-\\nrial success, can be regularly and systematically\\nemployed and the descendants of the Salzburgers\\nmay yet, under the blessing of God, witness a\\nreturn of that glorious period in the history of\\nthe church, when under the instruction of two\\npious and faithful pastors, the prayer-meeting,\\nthe catechetical lecture, and the ministerial con-\\nference shall be resumed, and the shepherds,\\nbeing themselves nourished with the pure milk\\nof the word, and enriched with all spiritual\\ngrace, shall be the better prepared to lead this\\nprecious flock into the green pastures and be-\\nside the still waters, and God shall be their\\nGod, and dwell with them, even as he dwelt with\\ntheir fathers.\\n24", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0289.jp2"}, "286": {"fulltext": "278 THE SALZBURGERS\\nCHAPTER XIIL\\nThe town of Ebenezer Its present appearance The results of\\nthis experiment at colonization The colonies in New England,\\nVirginia, and the Carolinas Royal Historical Society of Aus-\\ntria Inquiries as to the fate of the Salzburgers answered Re-\\nligious and social influence of the Salzburgers upon the other\\ncolonists Religious sentiments of the first pastors Dr. Haze-\\nlius s testimony Present condition and pursuits of their de-\\nscendants Effingham county General reflections Conclu-\\nsion.\\nTo one visiting the ancient town of Ebenezer,\\nin the present day, the prospect which presents\\nitself is any thing but attractive; and the\\nstranger who is unacquainted with its history\\nwould perhaps discover very little to excite\\nhis curiosity or awaken his sympathies. The\\ntown has gone almost entirely to ruins. Only\\ntwo residences are now remaining, and even\\none of these is untenanted. The old church,\\nhowever, stands in bold relief upon an open\\nlawn, and by its somewhat antique appearance\\nseems silently, yet forcibly, to call up the re-\\nminiscences of former years. Not far distant\\nfrom the church is the cemetery, in which\\nare sleeping the remains of the venerable men\\nwho founded the colony and the church, and", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0290.jp2"}, "287": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 279\\nmany of their descendants, who, one by one,\\nhave gone down to the grave, to mingle their\\nashes with those of their illustrious ancestors.\\nExcept upon the Sabbath, when the descend-\\nants of the Salzburgers go up to their temple\\nto worship the God of their fathers, the stillness\\nwhich reigns around Ebenezer is seldom broken,\\nsave by the warbling of birds, the occasional\\ntransit of a steamer, or the murmurs of the Sa-\\nvannah, as it flows on to lose itself in the ocean.\\nThe sighing winds chant melancholy dirges as\\nthey sweep through the lofty pines and cedars\\nwhich cast their sombre shades over this de-\\nserted village. Desolation seems to have spread\\nover this once-favoured spot its withering wing,\\nand here, where generation after generation\\ngrew up and flourished, where the persecuted\\nand exiled Salzburgers reared their off spring, in\\nthe hope that they would leave a numerous pro-\\ngeny of pious, useful, and prosperous citizens,\\nand where every thing seemed to betoken the\\nestablishment of a thrifty and permanent colony,\\nscarcely any thing is to be seen except the sad\\nevidences of decay and death.\\nWhile surveying this scene, one is almost in-\\nstinctively led to inquire what advantages have\\naccrued to the Salzburgers and their descend-\\nants, or to our State, by their removal from their\\nfatherland and their settlement in Georgia?\\nHave the results of this experiment been such", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0291.jp2"}, "288": {"fulltext": "280 THE SALZBURG ERS\\nas to compensate in any good degree for the\\nlarge expenditures of money and the various\\nsacrifices which were necessary to the establish-\\nment of this colony? These questions are very\\nproper, and it is hoped that in answering them\\nsome rays of light will illume the rather cheer\\nless picture exhibited above.\\nAn interest in the history of the Salzburgers\\nhas been manifested, not only in the United\\nStates, but also in Europe. A year or two\\nsince, a letter was received by the Governor of\\nGeorgia from the Secretary of the Royal Histo-\\nrical Society of Austria, in which information\\nwas sought in reference to the fate of this inte-\\nresting people. Among the questions proposed\\nwere the following Did the Salzburgers retain\\ntheir language Did they ever change their\\nreligion? To what extent did they diffuiS-e them-\\nselves in Georgia and other portions of America?\\nDid they exert any influence upon the civil in-\\nstitutions and the religious character of the\\nstate? Some of these questions have already\\nbeen answered. It has been shown that the Salz-\\nburgers gradually acquired the use of the Eng-\\nlish language, and in 1824 it was formally\\nadopted in public worship in all the congrega-\\ntions in and about Ebenezer. It has also been\\nstated that many of the Salzburgers forsook the\\nchurch of their fathers at various times, and\\nunited with other denominations. Nevertheless,", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0292.jp2"}, "289": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 281\\nthe great bulk of their descendants have re-\\nmained faithfully attached to the religion which\\ntheir ancestors professed with so much moral\\nheroism amid the severest persecutions in their\\nnative land, and to enjoy which, without moles-\\ntation, they cheerfully submitted to every form\\nof suffering and privation, and even to banish-\\nment and death. The other questions remain\\nto be discussed. Various considerations render\\nit necessary that they should be briefly con-\\nsidered before this little volume is brought to a\\nclose.\\nThere is a commendable curiosity which\\nprompts many to desire to know to what extent\\nthe descendants of the Salzburgers have been\\nmultiplied What is their general character\\nfor intelligence and morality What are their\\npursuits To what extent and in what depart-\\nments of life have they become distinguished?\\nAnd, in short, in how far have they exerted any\\nbeneficial influence upon the social and religious\\ncharacter of the state Besides, there are\\nmany men so decidedly utilitarian in their views,\\nthat they regard no enterprise as worthy of\\ncommendation or patronage which does not\\npromise great practical benefits to all who are\\nin any wise associated with it.\\nIn addition to this, the history of the colo-\\nnies planted in New England, in Virginia, and\\n24*-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0293.jp2"}, "290": {"fulltext": "282 THE SALZBttllGERS\\nthe Carolinas, will no doubt suggest similar in-\\nquiries. The Puritans, as has been stated, left\\nthe impress of their character indelibly fixed\\nupon all their institutions. By their industry and\\nindomitable energy, they felled the forests, and,\\namid almost inconceivable hardships and dangers,\\nbrought under successful cultivation a somewhat\\nrocky and barren soil making it yield them\\nnot only the necessaries, but even the comforts\\nand luxuries of life. They planted churches\\nand established colleges and schools, many of\\nwhich remain, until this day, the lasting monu-\\nments of their piety and enlightened liberality.\\nIn process of time, they engaged in extensive\\nand successful commercial enterprises and hav-\\ning built up towns and cities, and settled most\\nof the adjacent territory with an energetic, in-\\ntelligent, and virtuous population, they sent out\\ntheir descendants to almost every portion of our\\ncountry and wherever the sons of New Eng-\\nland are found, they are generally the pioneers\\nin commerce, in education, and, in short, in\\nevery thing which tends to elevate individual\\ncharacter and promote the best interests of the\\nstate. No one can with truth deny that from\\nthe Pilgrim Fathers there has descended a long\\nlist of worthy names who have adorned the\\nvarious professions, given dignity to our public\\ncouncils by their wisdom and eloquence, and\\ncontributed their full quota to the development", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0294.jp2"}, "291": {"fulltext": "ANB TlIteIR DESCENDANTS. 283\\nof every thing that is truly great or glorious in\\nnational character.\\nThis is equally true of the colonies of Vir-\\nginia and the Carolinas. The descendants of\\nCavaliers who settled the Old Dominion, and\\nthe Huguenots of Carolina, not only built up per-\\nmanent and extensive settlements, but they also,\\nin the course of time, spread themselves over\\nmany parts of our widely extended domain\\nand everywhere, they are distinguished for lofty\\nintellect, profound statesmanship, heroic bra-\\nvery, uncompromising attachment to principle,\\nand an ardent love of virtue and of liberty.\\nNor have they failed to contribute largely to\\nevery enterprise which was in any wise calcu-\\nlated to increase the commercial importance,\\ndevelop the agricultural resources, and secure\\nthe safety and prosperity of the country. It\\nmay be truthfully asserted that their history,\\nand that of their descendants, furnish some of\\nthe brightest and most glorious pages which\\nadorn the annals of our country. This is true,\\nnot only of their struggles and successes, and\\nthe many thrilling incidents connected with their\\ncolonial history it is equally true in relation to\\nthe war for Independence, and the bright recol-\\nlections w4iich the Revolution awaken, as well\\nas the conspicuous part which they have acted\\nin all the affairs of our government, in every\\nperiod of its existence. With these considera-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0295.jp2"}, "292": {"fulltext": "284 THE SALZBURdERS\\ntions pressing upon the mind, the inquiries which\\nhave been suggested in relation to the Salz-\\nburgers are both natural and pertinent, and it is\\nproposed to answer them as far as may be prac-\\nticable.\\nIt would be unreasonable to expect that the\\nSalzburgers and their descendants should occupy\\nas prominent a place on the page of history as\\nthe other colonies, and for reasons which are\\nvery satisfactory. Their language being en-\\ntirely different from that spoken in the province\\nof Georgia, together with their somewhat pecu-\\nliar habits, kept them rather isolated from the\\nother inhabitants, and made them measurably a\\ndistinct colony. Besides, as their location pre-\\nvented them from becoming a commercial peo-\\nple, and as they confined themselves almost ex-\\nclusively to the pursuits of agriculture, they did\\nnot possess those facilities for extending their\\nsettlements and increasing their wealth and their\\ninfluence, which were enjoyed by the other colo-\\nnists. It should be remembered, that they were\\npoor, houseless w^anderers, who were sent to\\nGeorgia upon the charity of their Christian\\nfriends in Europe; and, for many years after\\ntheir arrival, their poverty prevented them from\\ndoing more than simply providing a competency\\nfor their families.\\nBesides this, the climate was unfavourable to\\nthe rapid increase of population and, during the", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0296.jp2"}, "293": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 285\\nfirst years of the colony, many of the Salz-\\nburgers fell victims to the fevers and other\\ndiseases which are always more or less inciden-\\ntal to southern latitudes, especially when the\\nforests are newly cleared. It is true, there were\\nmany accessions to their numbers by way of emi-\\ngration, during the first four or five years after\\nthe planting of the colony yet, from the causes\\nalready mentioned, the Salzburgers did not mul-\\ntiply very rapidly, and their settlements were\\nconfined to a limited portion of the state.\\nIt is nevertheless true, that, as far as their\\ncircumstances would permit, they made every\\nefi ort to identify themselves with the interests\\nof the province, and contributed to the best of\\ntheir ability to promote its prosperity. If they\\ndid not become as distinguished as the other\\ncolonies in commerce and wealth, and if they\\ndid not occupy so important and influential a\\nposition, and if their descendants did not be-\\ncome as renowned in the cabinet and the field\\nas the sons of New England, Virginia, and the\\nCarolinas, or even as some of the sons of\\nGeorgia, yet there is much in the character and\\nhistory of the Salzburgers, which would adorn\\nthe annals of any country.\\nThis is true, not only of their transatlantic\\nhistory, with its many incidents of holy devotion\\nto the faith of the gospel, under the most\\nstudied and revolting persecutions it is likewise", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0297.jp2"}, "294": {"fulltext": "286 THE SALZCURGERS\\ntrue of them after their removal to America.\\nIn circumstances of the severest trial, whether\\nsuffering from fatigue or hunger, or lying pros-\\ntrate under the influence of fatal diseases, they\\nevinced a degree of Christian fortitude which\\ndid not fail to make a most favourable impres-\\nsion upon their neighbours. If, then, they had\\ndone nothing more than simply to set an exam-\\nple to the other colonists of holy living, and of\\npatient, uncomplaining resignation to the divine\\nwill if the only record which could be made of\\nthem was, that they were consistent Christians,\\nand adorned the doctrines of God their Saviour\\nin all things; the moral influence of even such\\na record, would entitle them to distinction\\namong the benefactors of their race. That such\\nwas their character, is abundantly proven by all\\nwho knew them; and in every sketch of the\\nearly history of Georgia, honourable mention\\nhas been made of the piety and purity of life\\nexhibited by the Salzburgers, and especially by\\ntheir pastors. It may be necessary, however,\\nto refer to this subject again.\\nIn the civil and military affairs of the colony,\\nmany of the Salzburgers became conspicuous.\\nWhen, in 1775, the Provincial Congress assem-\\nbled in Savannah, to adopt measures to protect\\nthe Province against the unjust and arbitrary\\nlegislation of the Mother Country, St. Mat-\\nthew s Parish, was represented in that Congress,", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0298.jp2"}, "295": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 287\\nin part, by John Stirk, John Adam Treutlin,\\nJacob Waldhaiier, John Fieri, and Christopher\\nCramer, all of whom were Salzburgers. Mr.\\nTruetlin also filled the office of Provincial Go-\\nvernor, and in all the proceedings which were\\nadopted for the preservation of the liberties of\\nthe Province, the Salzburgers heartily concurred.\\nWhen the Revolution commenced, as has\\nalready been shown, they took a very decided\\nstand in favour of the cause of liberty. In the\\nlist of persons proscribed by the British Parlia-\\nment as Rebels, occur the names of the follow-\\ning Salzburgers J. A. Treutlin, Rebel Gover-\\nnor, Col. John Stirk, William Hobzendorf, Ru-\\ndolph Strohaker, Samuel Stirk, George Wyche,\\nJohn Schnider, and others. From this it will\\nbe seen, that in the very incipiency of the Revo-\\nlution, they arrayed themselves on the side of\\nthe Colonists, and were willing to incur all the\\nrisks connected with that struggle. In every\\nemergency they contributed what they could to\\nthe relief of the Colony, promptly and cheer-\\nfully making every sacrifice, and performing\\nevery duty which seemed to be demanded by\\nthe welfare of the Province. And, in proportion\\nto their ability, no portion of the population did\\nmore to advance the various interests of the\\ncountry. In short, they became fully identified\\nwith the Whigs of the Revolution, and in all the\\ndangers and sufferings of that memorable epoch", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0299.jp2"}, "296": {"fulltext": "THE SALZBURGERS\\nin our country s history, they bore their full\\nshare. When the war terminated, they went to\\nwork, patiently and zealously to cultivate the\\nsoil, to improve their homesteads, and to repair,\\nas far as practicable, the injuries which their\\nsettlements had suffered, and to restore to the\\nColony the prosperity which it had enjoyed\\nprior to the war. In these purposes they per-\\nsevered, and in process of time they were suc-\\ncessful in regaining much that had been lost\\nduring those troublesome times and they saw\\ntheir settlements extending, and their descend-\\nants multiplying, until they spread themselves\\nover the whole of the county of Effingham, and\\neven into many of the adjacent counties.\\nIt is proper, before a more minute sketch is\\ngiven of the condition and pursuits of the Salz-\\nburgers, that something should be said in refer-\\nence to their religious character, and the doc-\\ntrines of which the pastors at Ebenezer may\\nwith propriety be said to have been the expo-\\nnents. This is deemed important, not only as\\nillustrative of the moral influence which the\\nSalzburgers may be supposed to have exerted\\nupon the other Colonists it is necessary, espe-\\ncially to the Lutheran Church, as it will exhibit\\nin a proper light, the religious views of the\\nfounders of American Lutheranism, upon some\\nof the cardinal doctrines of Christianity. This\\nis rendered the more important, because of the", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0300.jp2"}, "297": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 289\\ntendency of too many professing Christians in\\nthe present day, to what has been very properly\\ncalled sacramentalism, or the settling down\\nin a cold and lifeless orthodoxy. It is hoped\\nthat, by exhibiting in a prominent light the\\nteachings and experience of the pastors who had\\nthe spiritual oversight of the Colony of Salz-\\nbiirgers, many false impressions which now exist\\nin relation to the distinctive doctrines of the\\nLutheran Church will be removed, and it will be\\nmade to appear that our pious ancestors were\\nthe friends and advocates of a vital, soul-renew-\\ning, and soul-pervading Christianity. A sickly\\nsentimentality, which seeks to substitute a specu-\\nlative philosophy, or a formal Christianity, for\\nthe power of a living, active faith, received no\\ncountenance from them. True, they were\\nsymbolists, in a restricted sense, because they\\nsubscribed to the Augsburg Confession, and the\\nother symbols of the Lutheran Church but they\\nnever gave undue importance to the ordinances\\nof religion, while they taught, both by precept\\nand example, that true Christianity is a heavenly\\nprinciple implanted in the soul by the Holy\\nSpirit; and that, whenever it is experienced, it\\nproduces a new creation, and conforms the soul\\nto the image of Him by whose spirit we are re-\\nnewed, and made the partakers of a divine inner\\nlife.\\nAs illustrative of this vicAV, an extract is sub-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0301.jp2"}, "298": {"fulltext": "290 THE ^ALZ BURGERS\\njoined from Dr. Hazelius s history of the Ameri-\\ncan Lutheran Church. He remarks: From\\nthe journals of the ministers labouring among\\nthe Salzburgers, it is evident that their aim was\\nto direct their flock into the narrow path that\\nleadeth unto life. Though they were anxious to\\ninfluence the members of their church to the\\nobservance of an external decorum, and to sub-\\nmission to good church discipline; and though,\\naccording to the testimony of their neighbours,\\nthe inhabitants of the villages round about them,\\nand those of Savannah, as also to that of the\\ncolonial government, this congregation was dis-\\ntinguished in that respect and though the pas-\\ntors were also desirous that the people should\\nbe duly aff ected by the preaching of the word,\\nyet it is evident, from every statement they make,\\nthat they were labouring to impress this truth\\ndeeply on the minds of the people, that neither\\nan external observance of order, nor an excite-\\nment of mere animal feelings, insures us the\\nhigh title of being the sons and daughters of\\nGod; but the approach of the heart and mind\\nto the character of our great prototype, the\\nLord and Saviour Jesus Christ, as well as to\\nhave a conscience void of off ence before God and\\nman.\\nIn this connection, it may be appropriate to\\nmake a few brief extracts from the letters and\\njournal of Mr. Bolzius. In one of his letters", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0302.jp2"}, "299": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 291\\nhe remarks We acknowledge, to the praise\\nof God, that piety and contentment still reign\\namong us, as even strangers are willing to ac-\\nknowledge Among our congregation are\\nmany men aiid women who are truly converted\\nto God, and who walk in the truth, and are an\\nornament to our ojffice, and humble assistants in\\nthe discharge of our duties. In his journal he\\nmakes these minutes Careless and froward\\nmen are indeed presuming upon Christ and his\\nmerits, without seeking conversion, but he calls\\nthose only Avho labour and are heavy laden and\\nif they come to Christ, anxious for their soul s\\nsalvation, the tempter will endeavour to deprive\\nthem of the grace in Christ. We ought, how-\\never, to lay firm hold on him and his merits, be-\\ncause he is not only the beginning, but also the\\nfinisher of our faith, and his honour is concerned\\nto finish the work he has begun. In\\nanother place he remarks: It is terrible in-\\ndeed to offend God with wilful sins, and to sin\\nin hopes of his mercy Thousands are\\ngoing to hell while flattering themselves with\\nthis delusive promise and even when the eyes\\nof some are truly opened and their hearts con-\\nverted to God, and they have received the par-\\ndon of sins in the order of true repentance and\\nfaith in Christ, God nevertheless frequently\\ncauses them to feel the heinousness and guilt of\\nSin.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0303.jp2"}, "300": {"fulltext": "292 THE SALZBURGERS\\nMr. Bolzius, in that part of his journal in\\nwhich he furnishes an account of the illness and\\ndeath of his colleague, Mr. Gronau, seems de-\\nsirous to lay peculiar stress upon the evidences\\nwhich Mr. Gronau furnished of his acceptance\\nwith God, and his hope of a better life. This is\\nhis language The time of Mr. Gronau s ill-\\nness has been a source of edification to us who\\nwere daily about his person. His heart continu-\\nally enjoyed communion with his Redeemer.\\nNothing troubled him, for he tasted the reconci-\\nliation with God, and the joy and peace of the\\nHoly Ghost. He fell asleep, and entered into\\nthe joy of his Lord, full of peace.\\nIt would be easy to furnish many such ex-\\ntracts, all going to show that the first pastors at\\nEbenezer were men of devoted piety, and that\\nthey were not only themselves the subjects of\\nthe renewing, transforming power of the Holy\\nSpirit, but that in all their preaching, as well as\\nin their private instructions, they laboured to\\ninculcate a religion which new creates the\\nsoul in the likeness of God, and produces a\\nradical change in our whole moral constitution.\\nSo that, under the influence of this new princi-\\nple, we become the children of God, receive\\nthe spirit of adoption, and are enabled to\\nwalk in all his ordinances and commandments\\nblameless.\\nThis is true not only of Messrs. Bolzius and", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0304.jp2"}, "301": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 293\\nGronau, but also of Messrs. Lembke, Kabeu-\\nliorst, and Bergman. It is true, there are very\\nfew facts in the history of the two former which\\nhave been preserved, but enough is known to\\nwarrant the opinion just expressed. Those who\\nknew Mr. Lembke personally, bear testimony\\nto his humble piety and faithful dealing with the\\nsouls committed to his trust. Mr. Bolzius, in\\nhis journal, speaks of the excellent spirit\\nwhich Mr. Lembke always exhibited, and com-\\nmends him for his unremitting diligence in the\\ndischarge of every duty. This was likewise the\\ncase in relation to Mr. Rabenhorst. Not only\\ndoes Mr. Bolzius speak favourably of him for\\nhis zeal, humility, and great diligence as a pas-\\ntor, but Dr. H. M. Muhlenburg, in his Journal\\nof a Voyage to Georgia, mentions him in the\\nmost flattering terms, as a man and a Christian,\\nand especially as a faithful and devoted pa:stor.\\nDr. Muhlenburg instances as a peculiarity in\\nMr. Rabenhorst s preaching, that he insisted on\\nthe doctrine of the neiv birth, and was decidedly\\nevangelical in all his views and feelings. The\\nsame statement may be made of Mr. Bergman.\\nFrom all this it will appear, that the religious\\nsentiments inculcated by the pastors at Eben-\\nezer, and which they enforced by their own ex-\\nperience and example, were decidedly in favour\\nof practical, experimental godliness. They be-\\nlieved and taught that trite religion has its seat\\n25*", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0305.jp2"}, "302": {"fulltext": "294 THE SALZBURGERS\\nonly in the soul \u00e2\u0096\u00a0which has been born from above\\nthat in every soul thus renewed Christ dwells\\nby his Spirit, imparting new life and energy to\\nour spiritual nature; and thus becoming the\\ngreat fountain of our strength, and hope, and\\njoy, he reigns in us as the grand controlling\\nmotive of all our noblest purposes and loftiest\\naspirations, and leads us from one attainment in\\nrighteousness and holiness to another, until we\\nare made meet for the inheritance among the\\nsaints in light.\\nIn fact, the whole of the early history of the\\nSalzburgers is but an exemplification of this\\ngreat doctrine of Christianity. This was true\\nof them while they dwelt in their native valleys\\nand mountains. It was for their bold and un-\\ncompromising attachment to a pure and holy\\nfaith a faith that works by love and purifies\\nthe heart that they became the objects of the\\nmost cruel and unrelenting persecutions. For\\nmaintaining this faith they were driven from\\ntheir country and their homes, and cast upon\\nthe charities of their Christian brethren. Amid\\nscenes of the severest trial and suffering, they\\ndemonstrated the sustaining power as well as the\\ncomforting influences of that heaven-born Chris-\\ntianity, for the enjoyment of which they took\\ngladly the spoiling of their goods, and became\\npilgrims and sojourners in the earth. When the\\ngood providence of God delivered them from the", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0306.jp2"}, "303": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 295\\nhands of their enemies, and brought them safely\\nto a land where they could enjoy their religion\\nunawed by human restraint, they erected their\\ntemples, and from their pulpits, and by their ex-\\namples of holy living, and their peaceful and\\ntriumphant death, they furnished fresh evidences\\nof the importance of this great fundamental\\ndoctrine in the Christian system. If, then, the\\nhistory of the Salzburgers, both in Europe and\\nafter their removal to Georgia, had done nothing\\nmore than furnish illustrations of the reality\\nand the power of this vital principle of Chris-\\ntianity, they would be justly entitled to a promi-\\nnent place among those who, by becoming living\\nwitnesses to the truth of Christianity as a re-\\nnewing and sustaining principle, have furnished\\nsome of the strongest encouragements to our\\nfaith and hope, and some of the most powerful\\nincentives to the conscientious discharge of\\nChristian duty, even under the most adverse cir-\\ncumstances. That such was the influence which\\nthe Salzburgers exerted is proven by the testi-\\nmony of Wesley and Whitfield, and all who had\\nan opportunity to acquire a correct knowledge\\nof their religious opinions and character; and\\nwhenever the Christian shall search the records\\nof the church in modern times to discover in-\\nstances of moral heroism in the maintenance of\\nour holy religion, and of humble, devoted piety,\\nthe history of the Salzburgei S may be confi-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0307.jp2"}, "304": {"fulltext": "THE SALSBURGERS\\ndently appealed to as furnishing some of the\\nbrightest and most striking examples.\\nThis is likewise true of the social influence\\nwhich they exerted. In their habits they were\\nfrugal, temperate, and industrious. They knew\\nvery little of the artificial wants of life, and\\nhence were easily contented when supplied with\\nits necessaries. Having an unwavering confi-\\ndence in the providential care of their heavenly\\nFather, they laboured cheerfully and hopefully\\namid the most discouraging circumstances, and\\nthus set an example to the other colonists which\\nwas not without its influence. As a consequence,\\nthe colonial authorities frequently commended\\ntheir habits of diligence, sobriety, honesty, and\\ngeneral virtue. To the cultivation of their lands\\nand the improvement of their homesteads they\\ndevoted themselves with great assiduity, so that\\nthey became successful farmers, and their settle-\\nments were always spoken of as models of neat-\\nness, and their farms furnished the best speci-\\nmens of profitable tillage. In their intercourse\\nwith the other colonists they exhibited a friendly\\nand peaceable disposition. In their business\\ntransactions they were generally just and up-\\nright, and never compromitted their Christian\\nintegrity for any temporary worldly gains. In\\nall the relations of life they were dutiful, and\\nsought to display the influence of Christianity\\nir so regulating human conduct as to make our", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0308.jp2"}, "305": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 29\\nsocial intercourse a source of happiness as weU\\nas of mutual improvement. To such an extent\\ndid the spirit of peace reign among them, that\\nfor many years they had no courts of justice,\\nand referred all disputed matters to the arbitra-\\ntion of their pastors and the elders of the\\nchurch. It is a remarkable fact in the history\\nof Effingham county, that there has generally\\nbeen so little litigation among the inhabitants,\\nthat until within the last few years, it was a rare\\nthing for a session of the Superior Court to con-\\ntinue more than two days. From these state-\\nments, it is manifest that the influence which the\\nSalzburgers exerted upon the religious and social\\ninterests of the colony were decidedly beneficial,\\nand their conduct in these particulars will ever\\nform a bright page in the colonial history of\\nGeorgia.\\nIt would be diflicult to ascertain to what ex-\\ntent the descendants of the Salzburgers have\\nbeen multiplied, and in what localities they are\\nto be found. Their principal settlement is in\\nEffingham county, Georgia, which constituted\\nformerly a part of the parishes of St. Philip and\\nSt. Matthew. This county was the seat of the\\ncolony when the Salzburgers emigrated to\\nGeorgia. It has the Savannah river for its east-\\nern boundary. The length of the county is thirty\\nmiles, and its breadth sixteen, and it contains\\nabout four hundred and eighty square miles.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0309.jp2"}, "306": {"fulltext": "298 THE SALZBURGERS\\nThe principal streams, besides the Savannah and\\nOgeechee rivers, are the Big and Little Eben-\\nezer, Turkey Branch, Jack s, Lockner s, and\\nKogler s creeks, or more properly branches.\\nThe population is about four thousand, including\\none thousand six hundred slaves. Of the white\\npopulation, fully nineteen-twentieths are the\\nlineal descendants of the Salzburgers and it is\\npleasing to state, that they retain many of the\\ncharacteristics of their forefathers. They are for\\nthe most part an industrious, frugal, and peace-\\nable people, and are doing much in developing\\nthe resources of their county.\\nTheir chief pursuits are the tillage of the soil,\\nand the getting of wood and timber for the Sa-\\nvannah market. They have been successful in\\nraising silk on a small scale, and in the cultiva-\\ntion of the sugar-cane. The majority of them\\nmake their own sugar and syrup, and some of\\nthem produce these articles for market. They\\nalso pay considerable attention to the rearing\\nof cattle and poultry, and the raising of fruits\\nand vegetables, for which they always find ready\\nsale in Savannah. Their lands, for the most\\npart, are not well adapted to cotton, and hence\\nbut little is cultivated: the annual average\\namount being about three hundred and fifty\\nbales, and a very small portion of this is pro-\\nduced by the Salzburgers. The articles to which", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0310.jp2"}, "307": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 209\\nthey direct their attention are rice, corn, rye,\\npeas, potatoes, and wheat. The two latter, under\\nthe system of culture adopted by the Salzbur-\\ngers, succeed admirably well. It is often the\\ncase that thirty bushels of wheat are obtained\\nfrom an acre, though this is very far beyond the\\naverage crop.\\nBesides the pursuits of agriculture, many of\\nthe Salzburgers are excellent mechanics, and\\nthere is a family that has become celebrated for\\nthe manufacture of copper bells. These bells\\nalways command a higher price in Savannah\\nthan any which are imported either from North-\\nern or European markets. Some of the Salz-\\nburgers have also become distinguished mer-\\nchants. In the city of Savannah m.any of them\\nare settled, who have been very successful.\\nAmong these are the Rahns, the Sniders, the\\nHeidts, the Zittrauers, the Herbs, the Gougles,\\nthe Remsharts, the Neidlingers, the Ihleys, and\\nothers. It is not known that any of them have\\nbecome distinguished in the professions.\\nIt is necessary to state, that the descendants\\nof the Salzburgers (as has been already inti-\\nmated) settled in many of the counties of Geor-\\ngia, and some of them removed to South Caro-\\nlina, Alabama, Florida, and even to Pennsylva-\\nnia and Ohio. In Liberty and Lowndes coun-\\nties, Georgia, may be found the Dashers, the", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0311.jp2"}, "308": {"fulltext": "rOO THE SALZBURG ERS\\nWaldhauers, the Weisenbakers, and others. In\\nMacon county the Helfensteins, (now Helvenston;)\\nin other portions of the state, the Hangleiters,\\nthe Scheubtriens, the Hineleys, the Exlejs, and\\nthe descendants of the Sniders, who have inter-\\nmarried with other families in the state. It\\nwould be impossible, however, to give any thing\\nlike an accurate account of the diffusion of\\nthe Salzburgers, and this hasty sketch must\\nsuffice.\\nIt has been remarked that very few, if any,\\nof the descendants of the Salzburgers, ever be-\\ncame distinguished in the professions. This may\\nbe owing in a great measure to the fact that, as\\na general thing, the standard of education among\\nthe descendants of the Salzburgers has been\\nrather low, especially in the last fifty years,\\nthough it is believed that latterly there has been\\nsome improvement in this particular. Besides\\nthis, very few of them seemed to have any taste\\nfor literary pursuits and having no college, and\\nvery few good scholars, there was an absence of\\nall those stimulants w4iich are necessary to\\nquicken the intellect into vigorous exercise, and\\nexcite that ambition for literary fame which\\nleads the mind to thirst after professional dis-\\ntinction. The tastes and educational biasses of\\nthe Salzburgers seem always to have led them\\nto prefer the quiet and unobtrusive, though not", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0312.jp2"}, "309": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCEKDANTS. 301\\nless useful and honourable, pursuits of agricul-\\nture. In the retirement and comparative seclu-\\nsion connected with the culture of the soil, and\\nkindred employments, thej find their chief en-\\njoyment especially as this mode of life seems\\nof all others the best adopted to the fostering\\nof that pious and contemplative spirit which has\\never been one of their peculiar characteristics.\\nIn this connection it may be proper to state a\\nsomewhat remarkable fact, that not one of the\\ndescendants of the Salzburgers ever aspired to\\nthe ministry in the Lutheran Church, and not\\none of them ever became the pastor at Ebenezer,\\nexcept the Rev. C. F. Bergman. But even he\\ncan hardly be classed among the Salzburgers.\\nIt is true that his father was pastor at Ebenezer\\nfor thirty-six years, but yet he was a native of\\nPrussia, and had no identity with his congrega-\\ntion except that growing out of the pastoral\\nrelation.\\nThe present condition of the descendants of\\nthe Salzburgers, especially in Effingham county,\\nmay be regarded on the whole as rather favour-\\nable. In their temporal aff*airs they are pros-\\nperous, perhaps as much so as at any former\\nperiod, and there is a gradual improvement in\\ntheir intelligence and social habits. They are\\nbecoming by degrees more interested in the\\ncause of education, and books and periodical\\n26", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0313.jp2"}, "310": {"fulltext": "802 THE SALZBURGERS\\nliterature are sought with considerable avidity.\\nAs a consequence, there has been an improve-\\nment in their manners and social habits, and\\nthere is reason to hope that in these particulars\\nan advancement will be made in each successive\\ngeneration, so that they may keep pace with the\\ncitizens of other portions of the State in every\\nthing that tends to refine and elevate. These\\ndesirable ends can be attained, if proper efforts\\nare made to establish and sustain neighbourhood\\nschools, under the management of competent\\nteachers. This has for years been a great de-\\nficiency among the Salzburgers. It is true there\\nis a most excellent classical academy at Spring-\\nfield, the county town, but this does not and\\ncannot meet the educational wants of the com-\\nmunity generally. Upon this subject, so very\\nimportant to the best interests of every people,\\nthere has been manifested an indifi erence which\\nis any thing but commendable. No community\\ncan expect to prosper long, or to retain any of\\nthe elements necessary to its advancement in\\ntrue greatness, that does not cherish a just ap-\\npreciation of the advantages of a liberal system\\nof education. It matters not how favourable\\nthe state of religion among any people may be\\nunless their mental development corresponds in\\nsome good measure with their religious privileges,\\ntheir piety will degenerate into a blind devotion,", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0314.jp2"}, "311": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 303\\nor run into some of the numerous forms of fana-\\nticism or delusion which are always addressing\\nthemselves to the over-credulous and unwary.\\nIt is to be hoped, therefore, that a more enlight-\\nened policy will obtain among the descendants\\nof the Salzburgers, in reference to the import-\\nance of furnishing to their offspring the neces-\\nsary educational facilities. For this they have\\na precedent in the example of their forefathers,\\nfor it has been made to appear that they enter-\\ntained correct views upon this subject, and re-\\ngarded the schoolmaster and the parochial school\\nas only next in importance to the pastor and the\\nchurch.\\nThe state of religion among the descendants\\nof the Salzburgers may be said to be encourage-\\ning. Among a portion of them, rather lax views\\nare entertained on the subject of experimental\\npiety, and as a consequence their religion con-\\nsists more in a formal godliness, and a decent\\nmorality, than in that inward work of the Spirit\\nwhich converts the soul, and, by purifying the\\nfountain of human actions, conforms the life to\\nthe requirements of that law which is holy\\nand just and right. Yet, even in this particu-\\nlar, there is much cause for encouragement.\\nWithin a few years, there has been a manifest\\nchange in the religious sentiments of not a few,\\nand there is reason to believe that a more devo-", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0315.jp2"}, "312": {"fulltext": "304 THE SALZBURGERS\\ntional spirit is gradually, though perceptibly,\\nprevailing among them. True, the standard of\\npiety is far below what it ought to be, and what\\nit was in the early days of the colony but still\\nin the congregations there are many devout\\nChristians, the savour of whose conversation is\\nexerting a silent but powerful influence upon the\\nmoral interests of the church and the community\\ngenerally. It is confidently hoped that this in-\\nfluence will continue to extend itself until the\\npresent generation, and those which may succeed\\nit, shall make the highest attainments in moral\\nexcellence, and imbibing more and more of the\\nSpirit of Christ, shall become as distinguished\\nfor their spirituality and holy living as were the\\ngodly men who in the fear of God, and from a\\nsincere love to a pure Christianity, laid the\\nfoundation of the colony. There is ground for\\nthis hope, in the fact that the Salzburgers are\\nenjoying the labours of two pious and devoted\\npastors, whose teachings and example, under the\\nDivine blessing, have already exerted a very\\nhappy influence, and aff ord promise of greater\\nresults for the future. Besides this, it is not to\\nbe supposed that the great Head of his church\\nwill permit this vine, which he himself planted\\nand watered and nourished for so many years,\\nto wither and decay. The pious care with which\\nit has hitherto been cultivated, and the genial", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0316.jp2"}, "313": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 305\\nshowers of grace which from time to time have\\npoured upon it, will, it is believed, produce an\\nabundant harvest, to the praise of his name, who\\nhas declared in relation to his church Be-\\nhold I have graven thee upon the palms of my\\nhands, and thy walls are ever before me. From\\nthis people there shall no doubt yet come forth\\nmany who will become living witnesses to the con-\\nverting power of the gospel, and to the faith-\\nfulness of that God who safely led their fathers\\nthrough scenes of the darkest persecution and\\ndistress, and gave them, both in the land of their\\nnativity and the land of their adoption, so many\\nsignal evidences of his love and fostering care.\\nSuch will be the case if the descendants of the\\nSalzburgers are not recreant to the history of\\ntheir fathers, and insensible to all those noble\\nimpulses which prompt mankind to venerate and\\nto imitate the virtues of a noble ancestry.\\nThat they had an ancestry whose history is\\nluminous with every thing that is attractive in\\nhumble and consistent piety, or stimulative in\\nmoral heroism and uncompromising attachment\\nto religious principle, cannot be questioned.\\nSurely, then, if there is any inspiration in the\\nrecords of the virtuous and holy dead, if there\\nis any thing suggestive of lofty purpose, of love\\nfor God and his truth, and of zeal to promote his\\nglory in the education and proper development\\n26*", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0317.jp2"}, "314": {"fulltext": "306 THE SALZBURG ERS\\nof our own spiritual natures, or in the religious\\nadvancement of our race, the example of the Salz-\\nburgers cannot and will not be lost. The seeds\\nof virtue and true religion may for a season\\nseem to be destroyed, or they may be buried\\namid the rubbish of a formal Christianity, or\\nchilled by the blighting influence of a cold ortho-\\ndoxy, but such is the inherent, vital energy of\\ntruth, that it will break through all these obsta-\\ncles, and triumphing over every opposing influ-\\nence, produce its legitimate fruits in the hearts\\nand lives of men, and thus vindicate its claims\\nto their confidence and homage.\\nIt is the object and the earnest prayer of the\\nhumble author of this volume, that the history\\nof the Salzburgers may be productive of some\\nsuch beneficial results. If so, he will feel that\\nthe time spent in the preparation of this work\\nhas been most profitably employed. While he\\nlaboured at Ebenezer in the pastoral ofiice, he\\ndelighted to visit the cemetery where sleep the\\nremains of the venerable Bolzius and Gronau,\\nand the many holy men who founded the colony\\nat Ebenezer. Standing in that sacred receptacle\\nof the dead, and musing upon their example of\\nministerial fidelity and of entire consecration to\\nthe cause of Christ, he has felt rebuked for his own\\nimperfections, and has had the desire kindled in\\nhis heart to become a more devoted Christian and", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0318.jp2"}, "315": {"fulltext": "AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. 307\\na more faithful and successful ambassador of the\\nLord Jesus Christ. Alas how far do many of us,\\nboth in our experience and practice, fall below\\nthe example of the pious founders of our Luthe-\\nran Zion and how infinitely far do we fall be-\\nlow His example, who loved us and gave him-\\nself for us! If such reflections are awakened\\nas shall lead to some practical benefits to the\\nSalzburgers and others, this history will not\\nhave been written in vain. That such will be\\nits influence, is confidently hoped and in this\\nconfidence it is sent forth, with the prayer that\\nGod may make it a source of instruction and\\nedification to all who may read it. Surrounded\\nas we are by temptation to sin, and by the\\nseductive charms of a corrupt and corrupting\\nworld, we need constant stimulants to our vir-\\ntues. Where can we more appropriately look\\nfor such incentives than in the faith and zeal,\\nthe holy fervour and consistent piety, of those\\nChristians who, by their devotedness, have\\nillustrated the truth, the excellency, and the\\nmoral sublimity of our holy religion Such in-\\ncentives are furnished in the History of the\\nSalzburgers. As we dwell upon the incidents\\nof this history, and the many instances which it\\nfurnishes of the power of our holy religion to\\nsustain and comfort under the most trying and\\nadverse circumstances of human life, and to", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0319.jp2"}, "316": {"fulltext": "308 THE SALZBURGERS. f S\\nprepo,re the soul for a peaceful and happy\\ntriumph over death, hell, and the grave, may\\nour faith in that religion he confirmed, may our\\nzeal and love and hope be quickened into live-\\nlier exercise, and thus may we be better qualified\\nfor the trials and responsibilities of life, and\\nprepared to join ^the general assembly and\\nchurch of the first-born, whose names are written\\nin heaven!\\nTHE END.\\nSTEREOTYPED BY L. JOHNSON CO.\\nFfilLASELPHIA.", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0320.jp2"}, "317": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0321.jp2"}, "318": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0322.jp2"}, "319": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0323.jp2"}, "320": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3464", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "salzburgerstheir00strob_0324.jp2"}}