{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3265", "width": "1804", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3296", "width": "1856", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "K?\\nV", "height": "3234", "width": "1773", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3296", "width": "1856", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS\\nSTATE OF NEW JERSEY;\\nCONTAINING\\n6 X\\nA GENERAL COLLECTION OF THE MOST INTERESTING FACTS, TRADITIONS,\\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, ANECDOTES, Etc.\\nRELATING TO ITS\\nHISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES,\\nGEOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTIONS OF EVERY TOWNSHIP IN THE STATE.\\nIllustrated by 120 Engravings.\\nBY JOHN W.^BARBER,\\nAUTHOR Ot CONNECTICUT AND MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS, ETC.\\nAND\\nHENRY HOWE,\\nAUTHOR OF THE MEMOIRS OF EMINENT AMERICAN MECHANICS, ETC.\\n[Arms of the State of New Jersey.]\\nNEW YORK:\\nPUBLISHED FOR THE AUTHORS,\\nBY S. TUTTT.E, 194 CHATHAM-SQUARE.\\n1846.", "height": "3384", "width": "1778", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "Entered according to the Act of Congress, in tl\u00c2\u00bb- year 1^44, by\\nJohn \\\\V. Barber an. I Henri Howe,\\nin tin- Clerk s office of the District Court of Connecticut\\n.1 II. Butoak, Trintir.", "height": "3296", "width": "1856", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "PREFACE.\\nThe object of this work is to give an account of the most important and interesting\\nevents which have occurred in the State of New Jersey, together with geographical de-\\nscriptions and numerous engravings. In selecting the extracts which are introduced in\\nthe course of the volume, care has been taken to avoid dry detail and tedious official\\ndocuments, which usually appear in regular, formal history, and to give those selections\\nlikely to interest the feelings, refresh the memory, and instruct the mind.\\nWe are aware there are historical items in these pages which may seem to some too\\ntrivial, or perhaps too much beneath what is termed the dignity of history. It may\\nbe observed, however, that we are not always competent judges of what may be val-\\nuable or interesting to posterity. Much important information has undoubtedly been\\nlost to the world by fastidious views on this subject and of that preserved, much at the\\ntime considered comparatively insignificant, has proved the most useful and instructive.\\nIn view of the great variety of subjects introduced, and the almost impossibility of\\nproducing a publication of this kind without errors and imperfections, it is with a degree\\nof diffidence that it is submitted to the public, especially when we consider who are to be\\nour readers. Travellers, in giving accounts of foreign countries, can make statements at\\nrandom which may pass for truth, when there is none at hand able to detect their errors.\\nThis publication will come before many persons who have better means of information\\nand more knowledge on some subjects introduced than can reasonably be expected from\\nthe authors. This is especially true in relation to the descriptive part of the book, for we\\nwere obliged to obtain much of that kind of information at second hand, and consequently\\nwere liable to adopt the errors or misrepresentations of many informants.\\nIn collecting the materials for this work, we have travelled over the State, conversed\\nwith her most intelligent citizens, among whom were survivors of the Revolution, and\\nobtained from them descriptions of their respective localities, and many items of histori-\\ncal value. We have, moreover, solicited written communications from gentlemen in all\\nparts of the state, embodying facts of great value, which could be properly prepared\\nonly by those who resided on the spot. These solicitations have been met with a prompt,\\nness altogether unexpected, and the materials thus obtained have much enhanced the\\nvalue of this publication, and placed us under lasting obligations.\\nIt will be perceived that numerous quotations are made in this volume from a variety of\\nauthorities in most instances of which credit has been given. As a general rule, we\\nhave preferred each account to appear as originally written, in the author s own words,\\nfrom which the reader can draw his own inferences. In the geographical depart-\\nment, some information relating to the topography of the counties has been obtained from\\nThomas F. Gordon s valuable Gazetteer of the State of New Jersey, published at\\nTrenton in 1834, by Daniel Fen ton. The description of villages and the cities has been\\nbrought down to the present day by personal inquiry. For the boundaries of the town-\\nships and counties, their extent, course of rivers, .C., we are indebted to the large,\\nelegant, and uncommonly accurate map of New Jersey, drawn by Thomas Gordon,\\nEsq., of Trenton, from his own original surveys. This valuable map is about to be re-\\npublished, and it is hoped will receive, as it well deserves, a generous patronage through-\\nout the state. The population and statistics of the several townships are from the Uni-\\nted States census and statistics of 1840, by the order of Congress.", "height": "3312", "width": "1788", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "4 PREFACE.\\nThe drawings for the numerous engravings interspersed throughout the work,\\nwere, with two or three exceptions, taken on the spot by the authors. In these engrav-\\nings, the principal object was to give faithful representations, rather than picturesque\\nscenery, or beautiful specimens of art. We wish it to be remembered, that the appear,\\nance of places will be essentially altered as viewed from different points. In order to\\nform an entirely correct judgment of the faithfulness of these illustrations, it will be\\nnecessary to stand upon the places from whence they were taken.\\nThe plan of this work is not altogether new. The first of the kind, the Historical\\nCollections of Connecticut, by the senior compiler of this volume, was published in\\n1836. Three years later he prepared a work on the same plan on Massachusetts, and in\\n1841, in conjunction with the junior compiler of the present work, the Historical Collec-\\ntions of New York was issued. The present year a similar volume on Pennsylvania,\\nby Mr. Sherman Day, has been published. In the spring of 1842, the compilers turned\\ntheir attention to the State of New Jersey. The result of their labors (whatever may be\\nits imperfections) has served to embody a mass of materials for future history in a tan-\\ngible and substantial form, and to rescue from mere tradition many incidents which at-\\ntend this extraordinary age and country, important in their local and general bearing,\\nwhich would otherwise be lost in the lapse of time.\\nThe history of New Jersey is one of deep interest. Some of the most important\\nevents of the American Revolution occurred upon her soil. In that arduous struggle,\\nthe sacrifices she made will ever redound to her praise and for her treatment of the\\naborigines she shall receive still higher praise. In the language of one of her favorite\\nsons, It is a proud fact in her history, that every foot of her soil has been obtained\\nfrom the Indians by fair and voluntary purchase and transfer a fact that no other state\\nin the Union, not even the land winch bears the name of Penn, can boast of.", "height": "3296", "width": "1856", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "TOWNSHIPS, CITIES, AND VILLAGES.\\nAbsecnmbe, 67\\nAequackauonck, 405\\nAdmonesson, 207\\nAlexandria, 239\\nAllentown, 370\\nAllowaystown, 416\\nAmbnv, 305, 309\\nAmwe ll, -Mil\\nAsbury, 488\\nAugusta, 465\\nBaptist-town, 249, 356\\nBargaintown, 64\\nBarnegat, 369\\nBarnesboro, 217\\nBaekingridge, 443\\nBantu, 121\\nBeatty stown, 500\\nBedminster, 440\\nBelvidere, 502\\nBelleville, 153\\nBergen, 226\\nBerkeley. 217\\nBernard, 442\\nBethlehem, 243\\nBillingspnrt, 217\\nBirmingham, 118\\nBJackwoodtown, 215\\nBlackwells, 455\\nBlawenburg, 461\\nBloomfield, 156\\nBloomsbury, 243, 264\\nBoonton, 381\\nBonhamtown, 324\\nBordentnwn, 99\\nBound Brook, 452\\nBranchville, 465\\nBridgeport, 121,223\\nBridgeton, 137\\nBridgewater, 448\\nBr.iokiin, 322\\nBuckshutem, 142\\nBull s Ferry, 75\\nBuddstown, 118\\nBurlington, 86\\nByram, 464\\nCaldwell, 157\\nCamden, 203\\nCamptown, 158\\nCanton, 425\\nCape May, 122\\nCarpenter s Landing, 217\\nCawtaba, 69\\nCedar Creek, 328\\nCedarville, 142\\nCentreville, 137, 172, 255,\\n431\\nChanceville, 356\\nChatham, 375. 378\\nChester, 97, 378\\nChesterfield. 99\\nChew s Landing, 215\\nClinton, 15-*, 244\\nCold Spring, 127\\nColt s Neck, 364\\nColumbia, 261,375,507\\nColumbus, 110\\nConimunipaw, 230\\nConnecticut Farms, 196\\nCooperstown, 122, 221\\nCouraenville, 4T55\\nCranberry, 319\\nCrosswicks, 103\\nDaretown, 431\\nDanville, 499\\nDeckertown, 483\\nDelaware, 245\\nDerrfield, 137\\nDennis, 123\\nDenmsville, 123\\nDeptford, 306\\nDividing Creeks, 141\\nDorchester, 148\\nDover, 327, 399\\nDowne, 14(1\\nDrakestown, 401\\nDrakesville, 40]\\nEayrstown, 118\\nF.aiontown, 363\\nEast Windsor, 257\\nEast Madison, 375\\nEgg Harbor. 64\\nEgg Harbor, Little, 107\\nElizabethtown, 158\\nGlsingborough, 428\\nEnglishtown, 350\\nEnglish Neighborhood, 73\\nEveritt stown, 240\\nEvesham, 104\\nEwing, 258\\nFairfield, 142, 158\\nFinesville, 489\\nFlatbrookville, 482\\nFlemington, 250\\nFort Lee, 74\\nFrankford, 464\\nFranklin, 71,158,213,454,\\n46 J, 488\\nFranklinville, 154,214\\nFreehold, 329\\nFrenchtown, 240\\nGalloway, 67\\nGerman Valley, 402\\nGlassboro, 214\\nGloucester, 70,215, 220\\nGoshen, 370\\nGreen, 467\\nGreenville, 250, 467\\nGreenwich, 143, 216, 489\\nGriggstown, 454\\nHackensack, 73, 80\\nHackettstown, 497\\nHaddonfield, 218\\nHamburg, 481\\nHamilton, 68, 258\\nHampton, 121\\nHanover, 106, 379\\nHardiston, -i i~\\nHard wick, 490\\nHarmony, 356, 491\\nHarrington, 77\\nHarrison, 230\\nHarrisonville, 223\\nHartford, 105\\nHightstown, 257\\nHillsborough, 454\\nHoboken, 2:14\\nHope. 491\\nHopewell, 146,259\\nHornerstown, 370\\nHowell, 350\\nHughesville, 490\\n[mlaystown, 370\\nIndependence, 497\\nJacobstown, 106\\nJacksonville, 120,309\\nJackson G lass Works 222\\nJefferson, 402\\nJersey City, 230\\nJobnsonburg, 490\\nKeyport, 356\\nK ingston, 319\\nKingwood, 249\\nKnow I ton, 507\\nLafayette, 477\\nLamberton, 264\\nLambertvilie, 241\\nLawrence, 262\\nLawrenceville, 263\\nLebanon, 249\\nLeedsville, 64\\nLeesburg, 148\\nLittle Egg Harbor, 107\\nLittle Falls, 106\\nLiltletown, 382\\nLivingston, 172\\nLodi, 79\\nLoug-a-coming, 215\\nLong Branch, 363\\nLower Alloway s Creek\\n426\\nLower Evesham, 105\\nLower Penn s Neck, 429\\nLower Township, 125\\nMadison, 375\\nManabocking, 369\\nManchester, 406\\nMannington, 428\\nMansfield, 109, 111, 499\\nMarshallsville, 148\\nMatoui hin, 324\\nMauricetown, 141\\nMaurice River, 147\\nMay s Landing, 68\\nM Cartyville, 121\\nMechanicsville, 255\\nMedford, 105\\nMendham, 382\\nMiddle Township, 129\\nMiddlebnsh, 454\\nMiddletown; 353\\nMilfoid, 239\\nMillstone, 455\\nMilville, 149\\nMonroe, 322, 382\\nMontague, 469\\nMontgomery, 461\\nMooreslowu, 97\\nMorrislown, 3H4\\nMount Airy, 242\\nMount Clinton, 73\\nMount Holly, 111\\nMullica, 70\\nMul lica Hill, 216\\nNantuxet, 142\\nNewark, 173\\nNew Harbadoes, 80\\nNew Brunswick, 310\\nNew Durham, 234, 322\\nNew Egypt, 370\\nNew Germautown, 255\\nNew Hampton, 250\\nNew Milfoid, 73\\nNew Paterson, 478\\nNew Providence, 186\\nNewton, 217, 471\\nNew Vernon, 384\\nNorth Branch, 452\\nNorthampton, ill\\nNorth Bergen, 233\\nNorth Brunswick, 310\\nNorthfield, 172\\nNottingham, 264\\nOgdensburg, 469\\nOld Bridge, 309\\nOrange, 186\\nOxford, 500\\nPahaquarry, 505\\nParamus, 72\\nParcipany, 382\\nPaterson, 407\\nPemberton, 106\\nPennington, 260\\nPenn s Grove, 429\\nPequannock, 397\\nPerth Amhoy, 305\\nPeter s Valley, 478\\nPhilipsburg, 489\\nI ilesgrove, 430\\nPiscataway, 322\\nPitts Grove, 431\\nPitlstown, 240\\nPJainfleld, 199\\nPlainsborough, 319\\nPluckamin, 440\\nPompton, 397, 413\\nPort Elizabeth, 147\\nPort N orris, 142\\nPort Republic, 67\\nPrinceton, 264\\nCluakertown, 249\\nRahway, 188\\nRancocus, 122\\nRandolph, 399\\nRaritan, 250\\nKeadinglon, 255\\nRed Bank, 360\\nRingwood, 413\\nRingoes, 242\\nKockawav, 397\\nRocky Hill, 461\\nRoxbury, 400\\nRyerson s, 413\\nSaddle River, 84\\nSalem, 432\\nBandtown, 217\\nSandiston, 478\\nScotch Plains, 200\\nShrewsbury, 358\\nSomerville 448\\nSouth Amboy, 309\\nSouth Brunswick, 319\\nSouth Orange, 186\\nSparta, 468\\nSpotswood, 322\\nSpringfield, 119, 190\\nSqtian, 350\\nSquankum, 222\\nSquiretown, 172\\nStafford, 368\\nStanhope, 464\\nStewartsville, 489\\nStillwater, 478\\nStow Creek, 152\\nSuckasunny, 401\\nSwedesboro, 223\\nTaunton, 105\\nTewksbury, 255\\nTiiiton Falls, 364\\nToms River, 328\\nTrenton, 281\\nTuckahoe, 132\\nTuckerton, 107\\nUnion, 195,196,220\\nUpper Freehold, 370\\nlip[ier Alloways Creek,\\n415\\nUpper Penn s Neck, 429", "height": "3312", "width": "1788", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\nUpper township, 132\\nVan Vorst, 238\\nVernon, 158, 480\\nVincenttown, 118\\nWaertown, 369\\nWalpack, 481\\nWantage, 482\\nWarren, 463\\nWashington, 85, 120, 222,\\n310. 402, 499\\nWalerford, 221, 222\\nWestfield, 98, 199, 200\\nWest Hoboken, 234\\nWestville, 207\\nWest Milford, 411\\nWest Windsor, 304\\nWeymouth, 69, 70\\nWhipany, 381\\nWhitehouse, 255\\nWilliamsburg, 3U4, 328\\nWilliams-town, 322\\nWillingboro, 122\\nWood bridge, 324\\nWoodbury, 207\\nWoodstown, 430\\nWoodwardsvllle, 103\\nWoolwich, 223\\nWrightstown, 106\\nINDEX\\nAct respecting oaths 435\\nAlliance, frigate, anecdote of 222\\nAlliance with France, celebration of the anniver-\\nsary of 441\\nAllegiance, copy of the oath of 125\\nAmerican army, sufferings of, at Morristown.. 388\\nAmusing Anecdotes 254,427\\nAmusing extract from ancient laws of Princeton\\nCollege 266\\nAndre, Major, execution and grave of 77\\nAndre, Poem by, the Cow Chase 237\\nAndrews, Jacob, notice of. 107\\nArticles of retaliation in Monmouth 371\\nAssunpink, battle of 2119\\nAsgill, Capt. unfortunate situation of 367\\nBacon, the refugee, death of. 369\\nBali, Stephen, murder of 229\\nBaptist church, first in New Jersey 354\\nBaylor, Col. massacre of his troop 78\\nBrfsse, liov. proclamation of. 36\\nBetsej recapture of 134\\nBeeslej Capt Jonathan, death of. 105\\nBold Dragoon, anecdote of 219\\nBordentown, invasion of 100\\nBrainerd, David, the missionary, notice of 320\\nBrownlee, Rev. Dr. allusion to 443\\nBull s Ferry, storming of blockhouse at 75\\nBuonapartes residence 102\\nBurr, Aaron, military exploit of 83\\nCaldwell, Mrs. murder of\\nCannon, singular\\nChampe, Sergeant, escape of\\nChimney Rock\\nClams, dried for the army\\nClinton. Cen. forbearance of.\\nCob dollars described\\nCollege of New Jersey, history of 161, 179,\\nCol. Joe, notice of\\nComely, Miss Mary, adroitness of\\nCondit, Rev. Aaron, notice of.\\nCopper nines 155.230,252,317, 451,\\nCol k, the, takl II\\nConflict, ile-pei ate, on Maurice river\\nConnecticut Farms, invaded\\nContinental money 48,\\nCopperas works\\nCornwallis, anecdote of\\nComwallis attempts to prevent the Americans\\nfrom passing Coryel s Perry 242\\nCotton manufacture, improvements in 408\\nCloster, incursion into 76\\nCrosswicks, military operations at 104\\nCuriosity, a natural 407\\nDelaware river, first attempt at settlement on its\\nE. shore 207\\nDelaware and Atlantic railroad Ill\\nDelaware Water Cap 508\\nDelight, the, shipwitxked 134\\nDickerson, Hon. Mahlon, mine of 400\\nDolphin, capture of the 69\\nDonop, Count, attack upon Burlington.. 94\\n1 lollop, Count, death of 212\\nDuel between Cobbett and Matthew Carey 205\\nDuelling ground at Weehawken 234\\nHunkers, history of. 247\\nDutch settlements In Bast Jersey 227\\nDunlap, Win. interesting revolutionary reminis-\\ncences of 308, 462\\nEakin, Rev. Samuel, patriotism of 430\\nEdwards, Stephen, the spy, affecting death of. 367\\nEducation, some interesting tacts respecting 487\\nEnglish settlements, first attempt at in New Jer-\\nsey 15!., 358, 433\\nElizabethtown grant, conflicts respecting... 159, 173\\nFairs 143, 435\\nFagan, the pine robber 352\\nFen ton, the pine robber 351\\nFenwick, the founder of Salem 433\\nFinley, Rev. Dr 413\\nFisheries 40\\nFlemington, invasion of 234\\nFort, evacuation of at Billingsport 217\\nFort. Indian 1\\nFort Lee, evacuation of. 74\\nFort, Musquito 4-J8\\nFort Mercer, storming of 2119\\nFort Nassau, site of 207\\nFort at Tom s river stormed 328\\nFort at Jersey City 332\\nFranklin, Gov\\nFreshet, great, in the Delaware 216\\nGallows lor lories, iii Monmouth 371\\nGirard, Stephen, at Mt. Holly 112\\nGloucester Fox- 1 1 on ting Club 214\\nGloucester Point, skirmish at 221\\nGloucester Point, ancient town there 220\\nGoods, running of in the revolution 68\\nGreene, Col. death of 212\\nHackensack, Washington s entrance into 81\\nHackensack, British entrance into -._\\nHamilton, Col. Alexander, death of 234\\nHancock s bridge, massacre at 4-J0\\nHand, Col. letter of 4-JI\\nHartshome, Richard, settles at Mlddietown 354\\nHawk, the. taken 134\\nHeberton Hutchinson, death of l _!d5\\nHermit near Burlington 119\\nHeroism of a boy y.|5\\nHeroism of a woman 212, 365,342\\nidier made prisoner by a woman 325\\nHopper, Capt. murdered 76\\nHorse thief, death of a 325\\nHorseshoe, superstition respecting 119\\nHowell, Gov. anecdote of\\nHowe, Gen. suppresses the mutiny of the Jersey\\ntroops 414", "height": "3296", "width": "1856", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\nHowe, Sir William, anecdote of 314\\nHowe, Sir William, his account of the evacua-\\ntion of New Brunswick 314\\nHuddy, Capt. Joshua, cruel murder of. 365\\n1 1 ii is of the American army 453\\nHyler, Capt. Adam, exploits of 3J6\\nIndians, history and customs of 52\\nIndians, last remnant in New Jersey 121\\nIndian chief, Brant, humanity of. 486\\nIndian chief, Calvin, interesting account of 510\\nIndian relics 384, 400, 401\\nIndians, missionary among 320\\nIndian method of cooking clams 364\\nIndian names, with their significations 512\\nIndian incursions 465, 469,479,484,503,506\\nIndian woman, kindness of 204, 208\\nIndian Will, notice of 363\\nJersey Blues, origin of the name 198\\nJersey Line, mutinies 4 Hi\\nJuliet, Cavalier, letter to Gov. Livingston 165\\nJournal, ancient 124\\nKalm s description of New Brunswick in 1748. 312\\nKearney, Maj. anecdote of 357\\nKegs, battle of 101\\nKelly, Col. bravery of 274\\nLafayette 84, 221\\nLaws, early moral 35\\nLearning and Spicer s collections, notice of 130\\nLee, Gen. Chas. taken prisoner 444\\nLeslie, apt. death and grave of 440\\nLittle, Capt exploits of 184\\nLong I iil I in chancery 159, 173\\nLucretia Emmons, heroism of 365\\nMannington, midnight incursion into\\nMatrimonial knot, ancient method of tying\\nMaurice river, why so called\\nMendham, singular origin of the name\\nMercer, Gen. death of 272,\\nMermaid, wrecked\\nMey, Capt. Cornelius Jacnbse, egotism of\\nMinisink, interesting article upon its settlement...\\nMilitary execution\\nMineralogical region, interesting\\nMolly, Mrs. Capt. notice of\\nMonckton, Col. death of.\\nMonckton, Col. crave of.\\nMonmouth, battle of\\nMonmouth, battle, anecdotes of the\\nMonmouth, liriiish depredations in\\nMoody, Bonnal, the tory leader, adventures of.\\nMorrell, Rev. Thomas, notice of\\nMoravians, history and customs of\\nMorris Canal 231,\\nMorris, Lewis, improvements at Shrewsbury\\nMorris Co. Swamp\\nFirst, church in\\nMorristown Ghost\\nOccurrences, remarkable, in olden times\\nPacket, English, capture\\nPalisades\\nPaterson Falls, death of a lady at\\nPenn, Win., reproves for smoking\\nPennsylvania line, mutinies\\nPerseverance, affecting account of its being\\nwrecked\\nPine Region of New Jersey\\n11 Bobbers, thrilling account of\\nPhilosophic Solitude, poem upon\\nPirate Tree\\nPoor, Gen., funeral of\\nPotts, Miss, narrow escape of\\nPowwowing\\nPreacher, the sleeping\\nPresbyterian church, First, with services in En-\\n:i\\nPrices, profits, and currency in 1670\\nPrinceton, Battle of.\\n438\\n131\\n1 17\\n382\\n274\\n69\\n123\\n506\\n454\\n-is I\\n34a\\n341\\n:n;\\n330\\n341\\n344\\n-i- I\\n161\\n192\\n401\\n.358\\n375\\n380\\n394\\n49\\n69\\n73\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0I 1 2\\n9)\\n392\\n135\\n6:t\\ni.M\\n162\\n92\\n84\\n398\\n149\\n150\\n160\\n47\\n26\\nPrinters, early 44, 91\\nPrivateers rendezvous 108\\nPrivateer, Gov. Livingston 139\\nPulaski, defeat of 109\\nPulaski, his expert horsemanship 387\\nRaid, Col., death of 298\\nRailroad arch yj\\nRay, Col., escape of 343\\nRed Bank, battle at 211\\nRefugee boat attacked 69\\nRevolutionary anecdote 98\\nreminiscences of, at Mendham 384\\nincident 156\\nRobber, death of 377\\nRobbers, pine 351\\nRogerines, notice of 401\\nSandy Hook, curious Indian document respecting 361\\nSalem Co., interesting military operations at 416, 426\\nSassafras exported 108\\nScattergood, Thomas, notice of 110\\nSeal, Great 33\\nSea, encroachments of, at Cape Island 127\\nShrewsbury, incursion into 368\\nSilver coin, ancient 98, 363\\nSimcoe, Lieut. Col., wounded at Monmouth... 337\\nmilitary operations in Salem 421\\nSomerset 456\\nSinging, troubles respecting 393\\nShipwreck, appalling 109, 135\\nSkunk, adventures of the 134\\nSlavery 37\\nSloop, the making of 108\\nSnake stories 141, 241\\nSpringfield, battle of 192\\nSpring, chalybeate 364, 403, 489\\nSouthard, Samuel L., teaches school at Mend-\\nham 383\\nSouthard, Samuel L., extract from address upon\\nIndian claims 511\\nStout, Mrs., remarkable preservation of 259\\nSuperstition, lecture upon 148\\nSwamp, the Morris 249\\nSwartwout s Pond, Indian barbarities near 479\\nTaylor, Rev. James Brainerd, allusion to\\nTea burnt at Cohansey in the Revolution\\nfirst introduction of, into Cape. May\\nTennant, Rev. Wm., remarkable trance of\\nThanksgivings and Fast days\\nTheological Seminary 267\\nTransport, a British, taken\\nTravelling in 1680\\nTrenton, battle of\\nbridge\\nTreen, Capt. Wm., heroism of\\nTwins, remarkable connection of\\n263\\n145\\n126\\n347\\n37\\n311\\n134\\n41\\n281\\n286\\n135\\n382\\nUncle Philip, eccentricities of 466\\nVessels, British, capture of\\nVisits and refreshments\\nWampum, manufacture of, at the present day.\\nWashington, anecdotes of 82, 386-89, 407,\\nfarewell address\\nheadquarters 385,\\nheroic devotion of\\nreception at Trenton in 1789\\nplan to capture him\\nproclamation against gaming\\nWashington s Rock\\nWayne, Gen., anecdote respecting\\nWhales caught at tht present day\\nWebberly West, the deer hunter\\nWebb, Capt., the preacher\\nWell s Falls\\nWindmill Isfend, execution of pirates at\\nWild beasts, bounties on\\nWitches Tree\\nconcei t of\\npranks of\\nWilliam the Fourth at Mt. Holly\\nWoodhuH, Rev. Mr., patriotism of\\n134\\n436\\n72\\n,462\\n461\\n461\\n276\\n301\\n377,\\n388\\n201\\n373\\n3G9\\n304\\n261\\n242\\n204\\n40\\n92\\n93\\n466\\n112\\n366", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "B\\nIXDEX.\\nWowlbridse. skirmishes near ?25 roun\u00c2\u00ab Henry, anecdote of 133\\nWoolman House, view c 114 j\\nZinc ihe only localitv 01 in tb\u00c2\u00ab Union 469\\nYankee, trick of the 363 I Zinzendorf, Count, interesting anecdote of 496\\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES AND NOTICES.\\nCoSMODORE WlLLIASi B.UXBRIDGE\\nBlIU\\nRev. Iambs Caldwell 188\\nHox. Abraham Clark 1?. J\\nviTHA I -.csrvsex\\nGen 1 140\\niah 246\\nkelixghosex 459\\nPhilip Freneac 355\\n101\\nHox. Josiah Horxdloweb. 155\\nCol. Joab HorGHTOx\\nWtUOH P. HUNT\\nv. ESCL\\nCapt. James Lawrence 96\\nilliam Livingstox 162\\nmel Morgan 395\\nGov. William Paterson 314\\nGen. Z. M. Pike ?C6\\nHon. J man 313\\nAarent Schuyler 155\\nCapt. Richard Somers 64\\nHon H r S mrp 446\\nL. Southard 446\\n.chard Stockton\\nLord Stirling 445\\nJohn Woolman 114\\nEPITAPHS.\\nRev. J. F. Arrnstrons 30-2\\nGen. J 303\\n303\\nis Boudinot\\n497\\nadfonj 99\\nHon. David Brear.y 303\\nBocU IBB\\n319\\na-- 1T1\\n171\\nBe*. Joseph Campbell 8M\\nod 172\\nDr. John Gondii 187\\n3t*j\\n188\\n\u00c2\u00bbe\\nL v.\\n3J5\\nRev. J. Dickenson 171\\nI inwards\\niiig 303\\nR.B. Fa 396\\nSamuel Firuev, S.T.D\\nCot. Cb: 397\\n397\\nRev. Win. Frizer 303\\nGen. Joh sen\\nRev. Jc-: sen 452\\nHon. Frederic k\\nThomas 309\\n397\\nThoma* K^. t 383\\nCfcriaopherKen 408\\nShepherd Kollock. Esq 172\\nah Ha-denbe.-zh 317\\nRev. J. H. Han enbergh 317\\nHon. H. D. HaJiburton. and others 362\\nR=v. A*a Jh -yer WB\\nJames Lawrence 97\\nJohn Lawrence 190\\n_ Esq 130\\n440\\nn 318\\nRev Robert sTKeon 309\\nProf. J. Maclean\\nCol. V. lush 4P9\\nRev. iir. Haewhona 1-5\\nRev J 107\\nProf. V 381\\nMrs. Maria Mkheau 17-.\\nVoodbull\\nBrieadi-r A. W. White 319\\nn 171\\nMaiy Oejdea\\nConrad Oniensetter 197\\ne Pajbel 396\\nWin. S. Pennington\\nRev\\nMrs. 326\\nPon\\ni 303\\nRichards 190\\n152\\ni- -ii-hariahRoseeU 354\\n3pket 1-28\\nJacob Spicer\\nMrs. J S\\n172\\nRev 302\\nSmith\\nSmith 779\\nart 498\\ni and sons\\nRev\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2-chard Varick\\nan Bunsehoten\\nRev. John S Vredenburg 452\\n...i. Wade 199\\nD 303\\nI Cap: .ams 199\\nI Pres. J. Witherspoon 299", "height": "3296", "width": "1856", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "NEW JERSEY-\\nOUTLINE HISTORY.\\nSoon after the voyages of Columbus, John Cabot and Sebastian\\nhis son, two Venetians, in the service of Henry VII. of England,\\nwere commissioned to discover the isles, regions, and provinces\\nof the heathen and infidels, which had been unknown to all the\\nnations of Christendom, in whatever part of the globe they might\\nbe placed. Under this commission, on the 24th of June, 1497, the\\nCabots discovered the island of Newfoundland. From thence they\\nsailed downward along the coast, it is believed, as far south as Cape\\nFlorida. It does not appear that they made any attempt to form\\nsettlements but they landed at various places, and took possession\\nof the country in the name of the English king.\\nFrom a variety of causes, the English took no further advantage\\nof their discoveries till nearly a century afterwards. In 1584,\\nQueen Elizabeth of England, by patent, granted to Sir Walter\\nRaleigh authority to discover, occupy, and govern remote, heathen,\\nand barbarous countries, not previously possessed by any Christian\\nprince or people. Under this commission, Raleigh and his asso-\\nciates sent two ships to America, commanded by Amidas and Bar-\\nlow. These men landed at Roanoke, took possession of the coun-\\ntry for the crown of England, and called it Virginia. An attempt\\nwas made to establish a settlement in 1585 and in 1590, both of\\nwhich were unsuccessful. In 160G, King James, without regarding\\nRaleigh s right, granted a new patent of the country of Virginia,\\nthe bounds of which were considered as extending from the south-\\nern boundary of North Carolina to the northern boundary of Maine.\\nThis tract was divided into two districts the one called North, the\\nother South Virginia. The southern district was granted to Sir\\nThomas Gates and his associates, chiefly resident in London, and\\ntherefore styled the London Company. North Virginia was grant-\\ned to Thomas Hanham and his associates, who were styled the\\nPlymouth Company.\\nIn 1609, Henry Hudson, an English mariner, in the service of the\\nDutch East India Company, in attempting to find a passage through\\nthe American continent, entered Delaware bay. on the 28th of Au-\\ngust. Finding the navigation somewhat difficult, on account of\\nshoal water, he proceeded but a short distance. Following the\\neastern shore of New Jersey, he anchored, his ship (called the Half-\\nmoon) within Sandy Hook, on the 3d of September, 1609.\\n2", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "10 OUTLINE HISTORY.\\nOn the 5th of September, Hudson (as it appears from his journal)\\nsent his boat ashore, for the purpose of exploring and sounding the\\nwaters lying to the south, within Sandy Hook, and forming now\\nwhat is called the Horse-shoe. Here the boat s crew landed, and\\npenetrated some distance into the woods, in the present limits of\\nMonmouth county. They were very well received by the natives,\\nwho presented them very kindly with what the journal calls green\\ntobacco, and also with dried currants, [probably whortleberries,]\\nwhich were represented as having been found in great plenty, and\\nof a very excellent quality.\\nOn the 6th of September, Hudson sent a boat manned with five\\nhands to explore what appeared to be the mouth of a river, at the\\ndistance of about four leagues from the ship. This was no doubt\\nthe strait between Long and Staten islands, generally called the\\nNarrows. Here, the writer of the journal observes, a good depth\\nof water was found, and within a large opening, and a narrow\\nriver to the west in which it is evident he refers to what is now\\ncalled the Kills, or the channel between Bergen Neck and Staten\\nisland. In exploring the bay and the adjacent waters, the boat s\\ncrew spent the whole day. On their way in returning to the ship,\\ntowards night, they were attacked by the natives, in two canoes;\\nthe one carrying fourteen men, the other twelve. A skirmish en-\\nsued, in which one of Hudson s men, named* John Colman, was\\nkilled by an arrow, which struck him in the throat and two more\\nwere wounded. The next day the remains of Colman were in-\\nterred on a point of land, not far from the ship, which from that\\ncircumstance received the name of Colman s Point and which,\\nprobably, was the same that is now called Sandy Hook.\\nOn the 11th of September, Hudson sailed through the Narrows,\\nentered the river which bears his name, which it appears he ex-\\nplored as far as Albany. On the 4th of October, Hudson came\\nout of the river, and. without anchoring in the bay, proceeded direct-\\nly on his voyage to Europe.\\nThe Dutch immediately began to avail themselves of the ad-\\nvantage which the discovery of Hudson presented to their view.\\nIn 1610, it appears that at least one ship was sent hither by the\\nEast India Company, for the purpose of trading in furs, which it is\\nwell known continued, for a number of years, to be the principal\\nobject of commercial attraction to this part of the new world. In\\n1614, a fort and trading-house were erected, on the spot where Al-\\nbany now stands, and called Fort Orange and about the same\\ntime another fort and trading-house were established on the south-\\nwest point of Manhattan island, and called New Amsterdam. The\\nwhole colony received the name of New Netherlands.\\nThe precise date of the first European settlement, within the\\nlimits of New Jersey, does not distinctly appear. It is believed\\nthat the first settlement commenced at Bergen, about the year 1618,\\nby a number of Danes or Norwegians, who accompanied the Dutch\\ncolonists who came over to New Netherlands. It appears that, as", "height": "3296", "width": "1856", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "OUTLINE HISTORY. H\\nearly as 1614, a redoubt was thrown up on the right bank of Hud-\\nson river, probably at the present Jersey City point.\\nIn 1621, the privileged West India Company was formed in\\nHolland this company, in 1623, dispatched a ship, under the com-\\nmand of Cornelius Jacobse Mey, with settlers, fully provided with\\nmeans of subsistence, and with articles of trade. Mey entered\\nDelaware bay, and gave his own name to its northern cape, which\\nit still retains, [Cape May.] He explored the bay and the river,\\nand at length landed, and built a fort at Tcchaacho, upon a stream\\ncalled by the natives Sassackon. This stream, now called Timber\\ncreek, empties into the Delaware, a few miles below Camden. The\\nfortification was called Fort Nassau, and its erection may be con-\\nsidered as the first attempt to establish a settlement on the eastern\\nshore of the Delaware.\\nThe West India Company, under whose direction the enterprise\\nhad been attempted, endeavored, by the offer of many advantages,\\nto induce others to engage therein. They even granted charters\\nto individuals, giving to them the exclusive right to large portions\\nof land, subject only to the Indian claim. A number of persons\\ntook advantage of this privilege, and sent out agents to select and\\npurchase tracts. One was obtained, in this way, thirty-two miles\\nin length, and two in breadth, upon the western side of the bay.\\nAnother, sixteen miles square, on the peninsula of Cape May, was\\nbought of nine Indian chiefs and other portions were taken up in\\na similar manner.\\nThe possessors of these claims formed an association among\\nthemselves, having in view the permanent settling of these lands,\\nas well as the prosecution of trade. They dispatched a vessel, un-\\nder the command of David Peiterson De Vries. He left the Texel\\nDecember 12th, 1630, and arrived in the Delaware in the course\\nof the winter. It is stated that De Vries found none of the Euro-\\npeans who had preceded him, and that Fort Nassau had fallen into\\nthe hands of the Indians. Misfortune also awaited the new set-\\ntlers. Having erected a fort, the commander returned to Holland\\nand during his absence a feud arose with one of the native tribes,\\nwhich at length terminated in the massacre of every one of the\\ncolonists.\\nDe Vries returned shortly afterward with a new company, and\\nwhile he mourned the loss of his former companions, he narrowly\\nescaped a similar fate. Pressed for provisions, he was compelled\\nto conceal his resentment, and to continue an intercourse with the\\nnatives and they, under the pretence of giving a supply, directed\\nhim to proceed up the river and enter the Timmerkill, a small\\nstream, now called Cooper s creek. He was saved by the kindness\\nof an Indian woman. She informed him that treachery was in-\\ntended, and that the entire crew of a vessel had already been de-\\nstroyed in that place Disheartened by repeated disasters, the\\nDutch soon afterward abandoned the country and for some years\\nnot a single European was left upon the shores of the Delaware.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "12 OUTLINE HISTORY.\\nIt was next visited by another people, the Swedes. It is not\\neasy to determine the precise objects of the Swedish immigrants,\\nor upon what ground their claims were founded. By one of their\\nown historians, it is said that they had acquired the right both of\\nthe English and of the Dutch, either by grant or by purchase but\\nthis declaration is wanting in other support. At a subsequent pe-\\nriod, indeed, after they had been some time in the country, applica-\\ntion was made by Chancellor Oxenstiern, the Swedish embassador,\\nto have the rights of the English yielded up but it does not ap-\\npear that even then any agreement was concluded. But whatever\\nwas the nature of their claim, the Swedes proceeded in the prose-\\ncution of their plans. Extensive grants had been made by the\\ngovernment, giving to certain companies the full right to the lands\\nthey should purchase of the natives, and conferring also the power\\nof making laws, subject only to the control of the crown.\\nIn the year 1637, two Swedish ships arrived in the Delaware,\\nbringing a number of settlers. They landed on the western shore,\\nbut purchased lands on both sides of the river. They were soon\\nfollowed by other companies; and in the year 1642, John Printz, a\\nmilitary officer, was sent over as governor of the colony. He es-\\ntablished himself upon an island called Tennekeng, or, as the word\\nis now pronounced, Tinnicum and this island was given to him in\\nfee by the Swedish queen. Here he erected a fort, planted an or-\\nchard, and built a church and several dwellings. For himself it is\\nsaid he built a fine house, and called it, from his own name, Printz\\nHall.* At the same time with the governor came John. Campanius\\nHolm,* a clergyman, and the future historian of the colony and\\nin the same company was Lindstrom, an engineer, who afterward\\npublished a map of the Delaware and the adjacent parts.\\nIf ever the Dutch had relinquished the claim to their posses-\\nsions upon the Delaware, they seem to have paid but little regard\\nto the agreement for we soon find them again established at Fort\\nNassau, and attempting settlements at other places. For a time\\nthe country was occupied by the two nations in common and it is\\nhinted, by some writers, that an agreement was concluded between\\nthem in order to resist the pretensions made by the English. How-\\never this may be, a difference soon arose between themselves and\\nthe Swedes, either aggravated by injury or injustice, or moved by\\na feeling of jealousy, made a demand for the surrender of certain\\nplaces held by their rivals. The demand being refused, the places\\nwere taken by force and the violence thus committed was the\\ncommencement of general hostilities. The Dutch had powerful\\naid at hand, in the settlements of their countrymen at New Am-\\nsterdam and Stuyvesant, the governor at that place, immediately\\ndeparted, with a strong force, to the Delaware.\\nHe first descended upon the fort at Elsingburg, and, having cap-\\nThe latter name, Holm, was added because of Stockholm being the place of his\\nresidence. Clay s Annals of the Swedes.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "OUTLINE HISTORY. 13\\ntured the garrison, proceeded at once to the reduction of other\\nplaces. The Swedes had no adequate means of resistance, and\\nwere finally compelled to give up all their possessions. The fort\\non the island of Tenneking, with all the improvements, fell into\\nthe hands of the conquerors. These occurrences took place toward\\nthe close of the year 1655. Thus terminated the Swedish au-\\nthority.\\nPrintz, the governor of New Sweden, (as this part of the country was called,) con-\\ntinued his authority till he returned to Sweden, about 1654, having first deputed his son,\\nJohn Papegoia, governor in his stead. Papegoia soon returned to Europe, and left the\\ngovernment to John Claudius Rising. Soon after Mr. Rising became governor, he\\ninvited ten of the Indian chiefs to a friendly conference. It was held at Tinnicum, on\\nthe 17th of June, 1654. He saluted them, from the Swedish queen, with assurances of\\nher favor, put them in mind of the purchase of the lands already made, and requested a\\ncontinuation of their friendship. He distributed various presents among them, and gave\\na good entertainment to them and their company. They were much pleased, and assured\\nhim of a faithful affection. Mr. Campanius has given a very particular account of this\\nconference, in which he represents one of their chiefs, named Naaman, as making a\\nspeech, in the course of which he rebuked the rest for having spoken evil of the Swedes,\\nand done them an injury, hoping they would do so no more, for that the Swedes were\\nvery good people. He also observed that the Swedes and the Indians had been as one\\nbody and one heart, and that thenceforward they should be as one head, at the same\\ntime making a motion as if he were tying a strong knot and then made this compari-\\nson, that as the calabash was round without any crack, so they should be a compact\\nbody without any fissure.\\nCampanius represents the Indians as having been frequent visitors at his grandfather s\\nhouse. In the conversations he there had with them, we are told, he generally succeed-\\ned in making them understand that there was one Lord God that he was self-existent,\\none and in three persons how the same God had made the world from nothing, and\\ncreated man, from whom all other men had sprung how Adam afterward, by his diso-\\nbedience, had sinned against his Creator, and involved in the penalty of that sin all his\\ndescendants how God sent upon earth his only Son, Jesus Christ, who was born of the\\nVirgin Mary, for the redemption and salvation of mankind how he died upon the cross,\\nand was raised again the third day and, lastly, how after forty days he ascended to\\nheaven, whence he will return at a future day to judge the quick and the dead, c. The\\nIndians took so much interest in these instructions, and seemed so well disposed to em-\\nbrace the Christian religion, that Mr. Campanius was induced to learn their language,\\nthat he might the more effectually bring them acquainted with these great truths. He\\ntranslated the catechism into their language and, if he did not convert many of them\\nto the Christian faith, they at least acquired so much knowledge of it as to be led to see\\nand admire its great beauty and excellency.\\nThe above facts suggest the remark, that the Swedes may claim the honor of having\\nbeen the first missionaries among the Indians, at least in Pennsylvania and that, per-\\nhaps, the very first work translated into the Indian language, in America, was the trans-\\nlation of Luther s Catechism, by Campanius.\\nNotwithstanding Gov. Rising s disposition to live upon good terms with his Dutch\\nneighbors, the Swedes were soured by the encroachments they had made upon their ter-\\nritory, in building a fort at Sandhuken, or Newcastle and, finding remonstrance useless,\\nsoon came to the determination to drive the Dutch back to the eastern side of the river.\\nThey accordingly, in the year 1654, took Fort Cassimir by storm, and expelled the Dutch\\nafter which, the fortifications were greatly strengthened and improved by the engineer,\\nP. Lindstrom, and it was named Trefalldigheet, or Trinity Fort.\\nThe Dutch had too good an opinion of their own numbers and prowess, not to feel\\ndisposed to retaliate on the Swedes the injury they had received in the loss of their fort.\\nYet they went to work with caution, resolving, when they gave the blow, to make it the\\nmore felt from its being sudden and unexpected. There seems to have been a want of\\ngood faith, or at least the practice of some deception, on the part of the Dutch, as we\\nare told by Campanius that the differences appeared to have been amicably settled, in\\nthe year 1654, between the Swedish governor, John Rising, and the Dutch governor,\\nPeter Stuyvesant. This amicable settlement seems to have been only a cloak to prepa-", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "14 OUTLINE HISTORY.\\nThe country upon the Delaware, now entirely under the control\\nof the Dutch, was governed by directors, who received their ap-\\npointment from the governor of the colony at New Amsterdam.\\nThe first who exercised the office was Johannes Paul Jaquet, who\\nwas succeeded by Peter Alricks, Hinojossa, and William Beekman.\\nThese officers granted lands, and their patents make part of the\\ntitles of the present possessors. At this period the Dutch acquired\\nlarge tracts of country upon the eastern side of New Jersey and\\nit may be reasonably supposed that there were some settlements on\\nthe road between the colonies on the Hudson and Delaware.\\nThe claim of the English, founded on prior discovery, to the ter-\\nritory now occupied by the Dutch, was never abandoned. As early\\nas 1640, a number of emigrants from the New Haven colony set-\\ntled on the left shores of the Delaware and it is said that some\\nof their descendants are to be found in Salem, Cumberland, and\\nCape May counties. The attempts of the English to form settle-\\nments on the Delaware were resisted, both by the Swedes and\\nDutch. In one instance their trading-house was destroyed in\\nothers, their goods were confiscated and their persons imprisoned.\\nThese proceedings occasioned long and angry controversies between\\nthe New England and Dutch governments.\\nIn the year 10G4, Charles II. resolved upon the reduction of New\\nNetherlands. Before any formal declaration of war with Holland,\\nSir Robert Carr, Col. Richard Nichols, and some others, with a\\nsmall fleet and some land forces, were sent over to take possession\\nof the territory. This expedition arrived before New Amsterdam\\nthe latter part of the year 1604. Stuyvesant, the Dutch governor,\\nthough a brave soldier, was, on account of the defenceless state of\\nthe place, obliged to surrender. Sir Robert Carr, with two frigates,\\nwas sent to compel the submission of the colony on the Delaware\\nwhich he effected with the expenditure of two barrels of powder\\nand twenty shot.\\nImmediately upon the subjection of the Dutch, and even before\\nthis had been accomplished, Charles, the English king, made an\\nextensive grant of territory to his brother, the Duke of York. This\\nwas done by a royal charter, dated 20th of March, 1664. Upon\\nthe 23d of June, in the same year, the duke conveyed a portion of\\nthis territory to two other persons, Lord Berkeley and Sir George\\nCarteret. The conveyance to these individuals was made by an in-\\nstrument in the form as follows\\nThis indenture, made the three-and-twentieth day of June, in\\nrations for more effectual hostility for the next year, on the 30th of August, the Dutch\\nsailed from Manhattan, or New Amsterdam, (now New York,) with seven ships, and\\nsix or seven hundred men, under the command of the said Stuyvesant and fell una-\\nwares on the Swedish settlements. Assailed under such circumstances, and by such a\\nforce, resistance was of little avail. One Swedish fort after another fell into the hands\\nof the invaders, who laid waste the houses and plantations, killing the cattle, and plun-\\ndering tlie inhabitants of every thing they could lay their hands on. The officers and\\nprincipal people were made prisoners, and carried to New Amsterdam while the Dutch\\nretained possession of the country. Clay s Annals of the Swedes.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "OUTLINE HISTORY.\\n15\\nthe sixteenth year of the Raigne of our Sovreign Lord Charles the\\nSecond, by the Grace of God of England, Scotland, France, and\\nIreland, King, Defender of the Faith Anno Domine 1664. Be-\\ntween his Royal Highness James Duke of York and Albany, Earl\\nof Ulster, Lord high Admiral of England and Ireland, Constable\\nof Dover Castle, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, and Governor\\nof Portsmouth, of the one part, John Lord Berkeley, Baron of\\nStratton, and one of his majestie s most honorable privy Council,\\nand Sir George Carteret of Sattrum in the County of Devon,\\nKnight, and one of his majestie s most honorable privy Council, of\\nthe other part, Witnesseth that said James Duke of York, for and\\nin consideration of the sum of ten shillings of lawful money of\\nEngland, to him in hand paid, by these presents doth bargain and\\nsell unto the said John Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret, all\\nthat tract of land adjacent to New England, and lying and being\\nto the westward of Long Island. Bounded on the east part by the\\nmain sea, and part by Hudson s river, and hath upon the west Dela-\\nware Bay or river, and extendeth southward to the main ocean as\\nfar as Cape May at the mouth of Delaware Bay, and to the north-\\nward as far as the northernmost branch of said bay or river of\\nDelaware, which is in forty-one degrees and forty minutes of lati-\\ntude, and worketh over thence in a straight line to Hudson s river\\nwhich said tract of land is hereafter to be called by the name, or\\nnames of Nova Cesarea, or New Jersey.\\nThis appears to be the first instrument in which the bounds of\\nNew Jersey are regularly defined. In addition to the consideration\\nof ten shillings, mentioned in the above agreement, there was to\\nbe a rent of one pepper-corn, to be paid on the day of the nativity\\nof St. John the Baptist, if legally demanded. The two proprie-\\ntors formed a constitution for the colony, securing equal privileges\\nand liberty of conscience to all, and appointed Philip Carteret\\ngovernor. He came over in 1665, fixed the seat of government at\\nElizabethtown, purchased land of the Indians, and sent agents in-\\nto New England to invite settlers from that quarter. The terms\\noffered were so favorable, that many accepted the invitation.\\nThe constitution granted by Berkeley and Carteret was the first\\nconstitution of New Jersey, and it continued entire till the province\\nbecame divided, in 676. This instrument was entitled The con-\\ncessions and agreement of the Lords Proprietors of the province of\\nNew Ccesarea or New Jersey, to and with all and every of the new\\nadventurers, and all such as shall settle or plant there. The fol-\\nlowing items, c, are extracts\\n9. Item. That the inhabitants being freemen, or chief agents to others of the prov-\\nince aforesaid do, as soon as this our commission shall arrive, by virtue of a writ, in\\nour names, by the governor, to be for the present (until our seal comes) sealed and signed,\\nmake choice of twelve deputies or representatives, from amongst themselves who being\\nchosen, are to join with the said governor and council, for the making of such laws, or-\\nIt is said the name was given in compliment to Carteret, who had defended the\\nisland of Jersey against the Long Parliament, in the civil wars.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "16 OUTLINE HISTORY.\\ndinances and constitutions as shall be necessary for the present good and welfare of the said\\nprovince But so soon as parishes, divisions, tribes, and other distinctions are made, that\\nthen the inhabitants or freeholders of the several respective parishes, tribes, divisions and\\ndistinctions aforesaid, do by our writs, under our seals, (which we ingage shall be in due\\ntime issued,) annually meet on the first day of January, and choose freeholders for each\\nrespective division, tribe or parish, to be the deputies or representatives of the same\\nWhich body of representatives, or the major part of them, shall, with the governor and\\ncouncil aforesaid, be the general assembly of the said province the governor or his dep-\\nuty being present, unless they shall wilfully refuse in which case they may appoint\\nthemselves a president during the absence of the governor, or the deputy-governor.\\nWhich assemblies are to have power,\\nFirst. To appoint their own time of meeting, and to adjourn their sessions from time\\nto time, to such times and places as they shall think convenient as also to ascertain the\\nnumber of their quorum provided, the said number be not less than a third part of the\\nwhole, in whom (or more) shall be the full power of the general assembly.\\nSecondly. To enact and make all such laws, acts and constitutions as shall be neces-\\nsary for the well government of the said province, and them to repeal Provided, that\\nthe same be consonant to reason, and, as near as may be, conveniently agreeable to the\\nlaws and customs of his majesty s kingdom of England Provided, also, that they be\\nnot against the interest of us the lords proprietors, our heirs or assigns, nor any of those\\nour concessions, especially that they be not repugnant to the article for liberty of con-\\nscience above mentioned which laws, c. so made, shall receive publication from the\\ngovernor and council, (but as the laws of us and our general assembly,) and be in force\\nfor the space of one year, and no more unless contradicted by the lords proprietors\\nwithin which time they shall be presented to us, our heirs, c. for our ratification and\\nbeing confirmed by us, they shall be in continual force, till expired by their own limita-\\ntion, or by act of repeal, in like manner to be passed as aforesaid, and confirmed.\\nThirdly. By act as aforesaid, to constitute all courts, together with the limits, powers,\\nand jurisdictions of the same, as also the several offices, and number of the officers be-\\nlonging to each court, with their respective salaries, fees, and perquisites, their appella-\\ntions and dignities, with the penalties that shall be due to them, for the breach of their\\nseveral and respective duties and trusts.\\nFourthly. By act as aforesaid, to lay equal taxes and assessments equally to raise\\nmoneys or goods upon all lands, (except such as belong to us the lords proprietors before\\nsettling,) or persons within the several precincts, hundreds, parishes, manors, or whatso-\\never other divisions shall hereafter be made, and established in the said province, as often\\nas necessity shall require, and in such manner as to them shall seem most equal and\\neasy for the said inhabitants, in order to the better supporting of the public charge of\\nthe said government, and for the mutual safety, defence, and security of the said prov-\\nAnd that the planting of the said province may be the more speedily promoted\\nFirst. We do hereby grant unto all persons who have already adventured into the said\\nprovince of New Ca?saria, or New Jersey, or shall transport themselves or servants be-\\nfore the first day of January, which shall be in the year of our Lord 1665, these follow-\\ning proportions, viz To every freeman that shall go with the first governor from the\\nport where he embarks, (or shall meet him at the rendezvous he appoints for the settle-\\nment of a plantation.) there armed with a good musket, bore twelve bullets to the pound,\\nwith ten pounds of powder and twenty pounds of bullets, with bandaliers and matches\\nconvenient, and with six months provision for his own person arriving there, one hun-\\ndred and fifty acres of land, English measure and for every able man-servant, that\\nhe shall carry with him, armed and provided as aforesaid, and arriving there, the like\\nquantity of one hundred and fifty acres of land, English measure and whosoever shall\\nsend servants at that time, shall have, for every able man-servant he or she shall send\\narmed and provided as aforesaid, and arriving there, the like quantity of one hundred\\nand fifty acres and for every weaker servant or slave, male or female, exceeding the age\\nof fourteen years, which any one shall send or carry, arriving there, seventy-five acres\\nof land and to every Christian servant, exceeding the age aforesaid, after the expiration\\nof their time of service, seventy-five acres of land for their own uses.\\nSecondly. Item. To every master or mistress, that shall go before the first day of\\nJanuary, which shall be in the year of our Lord 1665, one hundred and twenty acres\\nof land and for every able man-servant, that he or she shall carry or send armed and\\nprovided as aforesaid, and arriving within the time aforesaid, the like quantity of one", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "OUTLINE HISTORY. 17\\nhundred and twenty acres of land and for every weaker servant or slave, male or fe-\\nmale, exceeding the age of fourteen years, arriving there, sixty acres of land and to\\nevery Christian servant, to their own use and behoof, sixty acres of land.\\nThirdly. Item. To every freeman or free-woman, that shall arrive in the said province,\\narmed and provided as aforesaid, within the second year, from the first day of January,\\n1665, to the first day of January, 1666, with an intention to plant, ninety acres of land,\\nEnglish measure and for every able man-servant, that he or she shall carry or send,\\narmed and provided as aforesaid, ninety acres of land, like measure.\\nFourthly. Item. For every weaker servant or slave, aged as aforesaid, that shall be so\\ncarried or sent thither within the second year, as aforesaid, forty-five acres of land, of\\nlike measure and to every Christian servant that shall arrive the second year, forty-five\\nacres of land of like measure, after the expiration of his or their time of service, for\\ntheir own use and behoof.\\nA few years after Gov. Carteret began his administration, the\\ncolony began to be disturbed by domestic disputes. Some of the\\ninhabitants, having purchased their lands of the Indians before the\\nconveyance from the Duke of York, refused to pay rent to the pro-\\nprietors. This, with other causes of dissatisfaction, produced, in\\n1672, an insurrection among the people. The governor, Philip\\nCarteret, was obliged to leave the province, and seek redress in\\nEngland his officers were imprisoned, and their estates confiscated.\\nThe people now prevailed on James Carteret, a weak and dissolute\\nnatural son of the governor, to assume the government.\\nIn 1673, war having taken place with Holland, a small squadron\\nwas sent over by the Dutch, which arrived at Staten Island July\\n30th. Gov. Lovelace being absent from New York, Capt. Man-\\nning, who had charge of the town, rejected the aid of the English\\ninhabitants, who offered to defend the place, sent a messenger to\\nthe enemy, and struck his flag before their vessels appeared in sight.\\nAs the fleet advanced, Manning forbade a gun to be fired, under\\npain of death and surrendered the place unconditionally to the\\ninvaders. He was afterward tried by a court-martial, and plead-\\ned guilty to all the charges preferred. His sentence was as extra-\\nordinary as his conduct it was that, though he deserved death,\\nyet, because he had, since the surrender, been in England, and\\nseen the king and the duke, it was adjudged that his sword should\\nbe broke over his head, in public, before the city-hall and himself\\nrendered incapable of wearing a sword, and of serving his majesty\\nfor the future, in any public trust in the government.\\nThe Dutch dominion, so suddenly restored, existed but a short\\nperiod, as, by a treaty of peace the following spring, New Nether-\\nlands, (the territory of New York and New Jersey,) so called by\\nthe Dutch, was again surrendered to the English. Some doubts\\nhaving arisen as to the validity of the Duke of York s title, on ac-\\ncount of the Dutch conquest, he deemed it prudent to procure a\\nnew patent, including the same territory as the former. In 1674,\\nMaj. Edmund Andross, so well known by his tyrannical usurpa-\\ntions, came over as governor (under the Duke of York) of the\\nprovince of New York. Andross also claimed jurisdiction over the\\nJerseys, insisting that the conquest by the Dutch divested the pro-\\nprietors of all their rights.\\n3", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "18 OUTLINE HISTORY.\\nIn the commencement of 1675, Philip Carteret returned to New\\nJersey, and resumed the government of the settlements in the east-\\nern part of the province. The inhabitants having suffered some-\\nwhat by the Dutch conquest, and the arbitrary rule of Andross,\\nreadily received him and as he postponed the payment of their\\nquit-rents to a future day, and published a new set of concessions\\nby Sir George Carteret, a peaceable subordination was once more\\nestablished in the colony. These new concessions, however, re-\\nstricted the broad grant of political freedom originally framed.\\nMuch uneasiness, however, still continued, for several years, on\\naccount of the efforts of Andross to enforce the duke s unjust pre-\\ntensions. Gov. Carteret, in hope of obtaining for his people the\\nadvantages of commerce, attempted to establish a direct trade be-\\ntween New England and New Jersey. This was opposed by An-\\ndross, as being injurious to New York. He confiscated the vessels\\nengaged in such trade, and went so far as to dispatch a force to\\nElizabethtown to arrest Gov. Carteret, and convey him prisoner to\\nNew York.\\nLord Berkeley, having become dissatisfied with the pecuniary\\nprospects in his adventure in colonization, offered his share of the\\nprovince of New Jersey for sale. His right or interest was pur-\\nchased by John Fenwick and Edward Byllinge, members of the\\nSociety of Friends. The conveyance to these individuals was exe\\ncuted to the former, in trust for the latter, for the sum of one thou\\nsand pounds. The tract thus purchased was afterward known as\\nWest New Jersey. In 1675, Fenwick set sail to visit the new pur-\\nchase, in a ship called the Griffith. Arriving after a good pas-\\nsage, he landed at a pleasant rich spot, situate near Delaware, by\\nhim called Salem, probably from the peaceable aspect it then bore.\\nHe brought with him two daughters and many servants, two of\\nwhich, Samuel Hedge and John Adams, afterward married his\\ndaughters. The other passengers were Edward Champness, Ed-\\nward Wade, Samuel Wade, John Smith and wife, Samuel Nichols,\\nRichard Guy, Richard Noble, Richard Hancock, John Pledger,\\nHipolite Lufever, and John Matlock these, and others with them,\\nwere masters of families. This was the first English ship that\\ncame to West Jersey, and none followed l or near two years, owing\\nprobably to a difference between Fenwick and Byllinge.\\nByllinge, it appears, was the principal proprietor, as, after the\\npurchase of West Jersey, an award was made, by which it was,\\ndetermined that the whole should be cast into one hundred parts,\\nten of which should be conveyed to Fenwick, and the remaining\\nninety parts should belong to Byllinge. Not long after the de-\\nparture of Fenwick for America, Byllinge, in consequence of losses\\nin trade, was brought into difficulty, and rendered unable to pursue\\nhis plans. His property was intrusted to William Perm, Gawen\\nLawrie, and Nicholas Lucas, (all Friends, or Quakers,) to be used\\nfor the benefit of his creditors. These trustees, under the pres-\\nsure of circumstances sold a considerable number of shares of the", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "OUTLINE HISTORY. 19\\nundivided moiety to different purchasers, who thereby became pro-\\nprietaries, in common with them. These proprietors agreed upon\\na form of government, comprising many of the provisions of the\\ninstrument formed by Berkeley and Carteret, together with others\\noriginating with themselves. The constitution or form of govern-\\nment thus made was entitled, The concessions and agreements of\\nthe proprietors, freeholders, and inhabitants of the province of West\\nNew Jersey, in America. The following is an extract from this\\ninstrument, (chap. 3\\nThat hereafter, upon the further settlement of the said province, the proprietors,\\nfreeholders, and inhabitants, resident upon the said province, shall and may, at or upon\\nthe five-and-tvventieth day of the month called March, which shall be in the year, ac-\\ncording to the English account, one thousand six hundred and eighty and so thence-\\nforward, upon the five-and-twentieth day of March yearly, by the ninth hour in the\\nmorning of the said day, assemble themselves together, in some public place to be or-\\ndered and appointed by the commissioners for the time being and upon default of such\\nappointment, in such place as they shall see meet, and then and there elect, of and\\namongst themselves, ten honest and able men, fit for government, to officiate and exe-\\ncute the place of commissioners for the year ensuing, and until such time as ten more,\\nfor the year then next following, shall be elected and appointed which said elections\\nshall be as followeth that is to say, the inhabitants, each ten of the one hundred pro-\\nprieties, shall elect and choose one, and the one hundred proprieties shall be divided into\\nten divisions or tribes of men.\\nAnd the said elections shall be made and distinguished by balloting trunks, to avoid\\nnoise and confusion, and not by voices, holding up of the hands, or otherwise howsoever\\nwhich said commissioners, so yearly to be elected, shall likewise govern and order the\\naffairs of the said province, (pro tempore,) for the good and welfare of the said people,\\nand according to these our concessions, until such time as the general free assembly\\nshall be elected and deputed in such manner and wise as is hereafter expressed and con-\\ntained.\\nThe constitution, of which the foregoing is an extract, is wit-\\nnessed and signed in the following manner\\nIn testimony and witness of our consent to and affirmation of these present laws,\\nconcessions and agreements, we, the proprietors, freeholders, and inhabitants of the said\\nprovince of West New Jersey, whose names are underwritten, have to the same volunta-\\nrily and freely set our hands dated this third day of the month commonly called March,\\nin the year of our Lord one thousand six hundred seventy-six.\\nGawen Lawrie, Wm. Penn, Wm. Emley, Josh. Wright, Nicho. Lucas, Win. Haig,\\nWm. Peachee, Rich. Matthews, John Harris, Francis Collins, Wm. Kent, Benj. .Scot,\\n-Tho. Lambert, Tho. Hooton, Henry Stacy, Edw. Byllinge, Rich. Smith, Edw. Nelthorp,\\nJohn Penford, Dan. Wills, Thomas Olive, Tho. Rudyard, William Biddle, Robert Stacy,\\nJohn Farrington, Wm. Roydon, Rich. Mew, Percival Towle, Mahlon Stacy, Tho. Budd,\\nSam. Jenings, John Lambert, Will. Heulings, George Deacon, John Thomson, Edw.\\nBradway, Rich. Guy, James Ncvill, Wm. Cantwell, Fospe Ontstout, Machgijel Baron,\\nCasper Herman, Turrse Psese, Robert Kemble, John Corneliesse, Gerrat Van Jumne,\\nWm. Gill Johnson, Mich. Lackerouse, Markus Algus, Evert Aldricks, Hendrick Ever-\\nson, Jilles Tomesen, Claas Jansen, Paul Doequct, Aert Jansen, John Surige, Tho. Smith,\\nJames Pearce, Edw. Webb, John Pledger, Rich. Wilkison, Christo. Sanders, Renear\\nVan Hurst, William Johnson, Charles Bagley, Sam. Wade, Tho. Woodrofe, John Smith,\\nTho. Peirce, Will. Warner, Joseph Ware, Isaac Smart, And. Thomson, Thomas Kent,\\nHenry Jenings, Rich. Wortsaw, Christopher White, John Maddocks, John Forrest,\\nJames Vickory, William Rumsey, Rich. Robinson, Mark Reeve, Thomas Watson, Sam.\\nNicholson, Dan. Smith, Rich. Daniel, Will. Penton, Will. Daniel, Robert Zane, Walter\\nPeiterson, Anthony Page, Andrew Bartleson, Woolley Woollison, Anthony Dixon, John\\nDerme, Tho. Benson, John Pain, Rich. Briffington, Sam. Lovett, Henry Stubbens, Will.\\nWillis, George Haselwood, Roger Pedrick, Will. Hughes, Abra. Van Highest, Hipolitas\\nLefever, Will. Wilkinson, Andrew Shenneck, Lause Cornelious, Sam. Hedge, Will.\\nMassler, John Grubb, John Worlidge, Edw. Meyer, Tho. Barton, Robt. Powel, Tho", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "20 OUTLINE HISTORY.\\nHarding, Matthew Allen, Bernard Devenish, Thomas Stokes Thnm no BW..I. t\\nMarriott, John Butcher, George Hutcheson, Tho. Gardner Tho SJTm.SE f ff\\nPaine, Eleazer Fenton, Samuel Oldale, Will. Blac^ta wSpJ T\\nJohn Paneoast, Francis Belwicke, Will. Luswal 1, Join sWdo^ SiH V\\nGruna Jacobson, Tho. Scholey, Tho. Wright, Godfrey Hancock Tnh P IfT^\\nHeulings, John Newbould, John White, JoL Robert^\\nThe next business of the new proprietors was to effect a division\\nof the province so that they might determine what part was to fall\\nunder their control This was concluded by a deed, between Sir\\nGeorge Carteret of the one part, and the trustees of Byllinge on\\nthe other, dated July 1st, 1670. The divisional line is thus defined\\nby William Penn and his associates: We have all that side on\\nDelaware river from one end to the other the line of partition is\\nfrom the east side of Little Egg Harbor, straight north, through he\\ncoun ry, to the utmost branch of Delaware river with all powers\\nprivileges, and immunities whatsoever. Ours is called New West\\nJersey; his is called New East Jersey. Penn and his associates\\nW S 11 01 f J6 A iS8Ued a decEratTn fel!\\nting forth the situation in which they stood, and the designs they\\nhad in view. Their statements were so satisfactory, that many\\nror; o rF r riends. Ced t0 emigmte rS\\nAmong other purchasers of the West Jersey lands were two\\ncompanies, one made up of some Friends in Yorkshire, (as hinted in\\nthe concessions,) the other of some Friends in London who each\\ncontracted for considerable shares, for which they had patents. In\\n1677, commissioners (agreeable to expectation given) were sent by\\nt e ST l Tf W th l\u00c2\u00b0 Wei t0 hu y the lands of the ^ives 5 to in-\\nspect the rights of such as claimed property, and to order the lands\\naid out and in general to administer the government, pursuant\\nto the concessions. These commissioners were Thomas Olive,\\nDaniel Wills, John Ivinsey, John Penford, Joseph Helmslev, Robert\\nStacy, Benjamin Scott, Richard Guy, and Thomas Foulke They\\ncame in the Rent, Gregory Marlowmaster, being the second ship from\\nl^ondon, to the western parts. After a tedious pas^ge they arrived\\nat Newcastle, the 16th of the sixth month, O. S. King Charles the\\n^eW; i, e pleaSUring nthe Thames ^me alongside,\\nseeing a great many passengers, and, informed whence they were\\nThev l^ ed V^ Were all Q uak and gave them his blessing.\\naW ju t 1F P as i en ers tw hundred and thirty in number,\\ntations h :tl CrCek WherC the SwedeS had Some ^tiering habi-\\ntations, but they were too numerous to be all provided for in\\nsHlk e nnH\u00c2\u00b0 me 7 ere bliged t0 la their beds and furnit *re in cow-\\nstalls and apartments of that sort. Among other inconveniences\\nto which this exposed them, the snakes were now plenty enough\\nto be f r equently s een^pon the hovels under whic h they sheltered\\nM.*i2dS feSL^^SS t S r* died *\\\\^\u00e2\u0084\u00a2\u00e2\u0084\u00a2;~Z^\\ning-ground, but now a street Burlm S ton S round *PPropnated for a bury.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "OUTLINE HISTORY. 21\\nMost of the passengers in this ship were of those called Quakers\\nsome of good estates in England. The commissioners had before\\nleft them, and were by this time got to a place called Chygoe s*\\nisland, (afterward Burlington,) their business being to treat with\\nthe Indians about the land there, and to regulate the settlements,\\nhaving not only the proprietors but Gov. Andros s commission for\\nthat purpose for in their passage hither, they had first dropped\\nanchor at Sandy Hook, while the commissioners went to New\\nYork to acquaint him with their design for though they had con-\\ncluded the powers they had from the proprietors were sufficient to\\ntheir purpose, they thought it a proper respect to the Duke of\\nYork s commission to wait on his governor upon the occasion. He\\ntreated them civilly, but asked them if they had any thing from\\nthe duke, his master. They replied, nothing particularly but that\\nhe had conveyed that part of his country to Lord Berkeley, and he\\nto Byllinge, c, in which the government was as much conveyed\\nas the soil. The governor replied, All that will not clear me if I\\nshould surrender without the duke s order, it is as much as my head is\\nicorth but if you had but a line or two from the duke, I should be as\\nready to surrender it to you as you would be to ask it. Upon which\\nthe commissioners, instead of excusing their imprudence in not\\nbringing such an order, began to insist upon their right, and stren-\\nuously to assert their independency. But Andros, clapping his\\nhand on his sword, told them that he should defend the government\\nfrom them till he received orders from the duke, his master, to sur-\\nrender it he, however, softened, and told them he would do what\\nwas in his power to make them easy, till they could send home to\\nget redress and in order thereto, would commissionate the same\\npersons mentioned in the commission they produced. This they\\naccepted, and undertook to act as magistrates under him, till fur-\\nther orders came from England, and proceed in relation to their\\nland affairs according to the methods prescribed by the proprietors.\\nWhen arrived at their government, they applied to the Swedes\\nfor interpreters between them and the Indians. Israel Helmes,\\nPeter Rambo, and Lacy Cock were recommended. By their help\\nthey made a purchase from Timber creek to Rankokas creek, an-\\nother from Oldman s creek to Timber creek. After this they got\\nHenric Jacobson Falconbre to be their interpreter, and purchased\\nfrom Rankokas creek to Assunpink ;f but when they had agreed\\nFrom Chygoe, an Indian sachem, who lived there.\\nt The deed for the lands between Rankokas creek and Timber creek bears date the\\n10?/i of September, 1677; that for the lands from Oldman s creek to Timber creek, the\\n21th of September, 1677 and that from Rankokas creek to Assunpink, the 10th of Oc.\\ntober, 1677. By the consideration paid for the lands between Oldman s and Timber\\ncreek, a judgment may be formed of the rest. It consisted of 30 matchcoats, 20 guns,\\n30 kettles and one great one, 30 pair of hose, 20 fathom of duffelds, 30 petticoats, 30\\nnarrow hoes, 30 bars of lead, 15 small barrels of powder, 70 knives, 30 Indian axes, 70\\ncombs, 60 pair of tobacco-tongs, 60 scissors, 60 tinshaw looking-glasses, 120 awl-blades,\\n120 fish-hooks, 2 grasps of red paint, 120 needles, 60 tobacco-boxes, 120 pipes, 200\\nbells, 100 Jewsharps, 6 anchors of rum.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "22 OUTLINE HISTORY.\\nupon this last purchase, they had not Indian goods sufficient to pay\\nthe consideration, yet gave them what they had to get the deed\\nsigned. They were, however, obliged to agree with the Indians\\nnot to settle till the remainder was paid. Having travelled through\\nthe country and viewed the land, the Yorkshire commissioners,\\nJoseph Helmsley, William Emley, and Robert Stacy, on behalf of\\nthe first purchasers, chose from the falls of Delaware down,\\nwhich was hence called the first tenth the London commissioners,\\nJohn Penford, Thomas Olive, Daniel Wills, and Benjamin Scott, on\\nbehalf of the ten London proprietors, chose at Arwaumus, (in and\\nabout where the town of Gloucester now is.) This was called the\\nsecond tenth. To begin a settlement there, Olive sent up servants\\nto cut hay for cattle he had bought. When the Yorkshire com-\\nmissioners found the others were like to settle at such a distance,\\nthey told them if they would agree to fix by them, they would join\\nin settling a town, and that they should have the largest share, in\\nconsideration that they (the Yorkshire commissioners) had the best\\nland in the woods. Being few, and the Indians numerous, they\\nagreed to it. The commissioners employed Noble, a surveyor, who\\ncame in the first ship, to divide the spot. After the main street\\nwas ascertained, he divided the land on each side into lots the\\neasternmost among the Yorkshire proprietors, the other among the\\nLondoners. To begin a settlement, ten lots of nine acres each,\\nbounding on the west, were laid out that done, some passengers\\nfrom Wickaco, chiefly those concerned in the Yorkshire tenth, ar-\\nrived the latter end of October. The London commissioners also\\nemployed Noble to divide the part of the island yet unsurveyed\\nbetween the ten London proprietors, in the manner before mention-\\ned. The town thus by mutual consent laid out, the commissioners\\ngave it the name first of New Beverley, then Bridlington, but soon\\nchanged it to Burlington. Some of the masters of families, that\\ncame in the ship last mentioned, and settled in that neighborhood,\\nwere Thomas Olive, Daniel Wills, William Peachy, William Clay-\\nton, John Crips, Thomas Eves, Thomas Harding, Thomas Nositer,\\nThomas Fairnsworth, Morgan Drewet, William Pennton, Henry\\nJenings, William Hibes, Samuel Lovett, John Woolston, William\\nWoodmancy, Christopher Saunders, and Robert Powell. John\\nWilkinson and William Perkins were likewise, with their families,\\npassengers but, dying on the passage, the latter were exposed to\\nadditional hardships, which were however moderated by the care\\nof their fellow-passengers. Perkins was early in life convinced\\nof the principles of those called Quakers, and lived well in Leices-\\ntershire but seeing an account of the country, wrote by Richard\\nHartshorne, and forming views of advantage to his family, though\\nin his fifty-second year, he, with his wife, four children, and some\\nservants, embarked in this ship. Among the latter was one Mar-\\nshall, a carpenter, particularly serviceable in fitting up habitations\\nfor the new-comers but it being late in the fall when they arrived,\\nthe winter was much spent before the work was begun. In the", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "OUTLINE HISTORY. 23\\ninterim they lived in wigwams, built after the manner of the In-\\ndians. Indian corn and venison, supplied by the Indians, was their\\nchief food. These people were not then*much corrupted with\\nstrong liquors, but generally very friendly and helpful to the Eng-\\nlish notwithstanding, it was thought endeavors had been used to\\nmake them otherwise, by insinuations that the English sold them\\nthe small-pox in their matchcoats. This distemper was among\\nthem, and a company getting together to consult about it, one of\\ntheir chiefs said, In my grandfather s time the small-pox came\\nin my father s time the small-pox came and now in my time the\\nsmail-pox is come. Then, stretching his hands toward the skies,\\nhe said, It came from thence. To this the rest assented.\\nHaving traced this ship s company into winter-quarters, the next\\nin course is the Willing Mind, John Newcomb commander she\\narrived from London in November, and dropped anchor at Elsing-\\nburgh brought about sixty or seventy passengers. Some settled\\nat Salem others at Burlington. Among the former were James\\nNevill, Henry Salter, and George Deacon, with their families. In\\nthis year, also, arrived the Flie-boat Martha, of Burlington,\\n(Yorkshire) sailed from Hull the latter end of summer, with one\\nhundred and fourteen passengers, designed to settle the Yorkshire\\ntenth. Some masters of families, in this ship, were Thomas Wright,\\nWilliam Goforth, John Lynam, Edward Season, William Black,\\nRichard Dungworth, George Miles, William Wood, Thomas\\nSchooley, Richard Harrison, Thomas Hooten, Samuel Taylor,\\nMarmaduke Horsman, William Oxley, William Ley, and Nathaniel\\nLuke; the families of Robert Stacy, and Samuel Odas and\\nThomas Ellis and John Batts, servants,* sent by George Hutchin-\\nson, also came in this ship. Twenty of the passengers, perhaps\\nmore, were living forty-five years afterward. Smith s Hist. N. J.\\nThe following, extracted from a letter from Mahlon Stacy, one\\nof the first settlers of New Jersey, to his brother Revell, and some\\nothers, is descriptive of West Jersey at this period. It is dated\\nthe 26th of the 4th month, 1680\\nBut now a word or two of those strange reports you have of us and our country\\nI affirm they are not true, and fear they were spoke from a spirit of envy. It is a coun-\\ntry that produceth all things for the support and sustenance of man, in a plentiful man-\\nner if it were not so, I should be ashamed of what I have before written. But I can\\nstand, having truth on my side, against and before the face of all gainsayers and evil\\nspies. I have travelled through most of the places that are settled, and some that are\\nnot and in every place I find the country very apt to answer the expectation of the\\ndiligent. I have seen orchards laden with fruit to admiration, their very limbs torn to-\\npieces with the weight, and most delicious to the taste, and lovely to behold. I have\\nseen an apple-tree from a pippin-kernel yield a barrel of curious cyder and peaches in\\nsuch plenty that some people took their carts a peach-gathering I could not but snrule\\nat the conceit of it. They are a very delicate fruit, and hang almost like our onions that\\n*Many that came servants succeeded better than some that brought estates the first,\\ninured to industry, and the ways of the country, became wealthy while the others, obliged\\nto spend what they had in the difficulties of first improvements, and others living too\\nmuch on their original stock, for want of sufficient care to improve their estates, have,\\njia many instances, dwindled to indigency and want.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "24 OUTLINE HISTORY.\\nare tied on ropes. I have seen and known, this summer, forty hushels of bold wheat\\nof one bushel sown and many more such instances I could bring, which would be too\\ntedious here to mention. We have, from the time called May until Michaelmas, great\\nstore of very good wild fruit!, as strawberries, cranberries, and hurtleberries, which are\\nlike our bilberries in England, but far sweeter they are very wholesome fruits. The\\ncranberries are much like cherries for color and bigness, which may be kept till fruit\\ncome in again an excellent sauce is made of them for venison, turkeys, and other great\\nfowl; and they are better to make tarts than either gooseberries or cherries. We have\\nthem brought to our houses by the Indians, in great plenty. My brother Robert had as\\nmany cherries this year as would have loaded several carts. It is my judgment, by what\\nI have observed, that fruit-trees in this country destroy themselves by the very weight\\nof their fruit. As for venison and fowls, we have great plenty we have brought homo\\nto our houses, by the Indians, seven or eight fat bucks of a day, and sometimes put by\\nas many, having no occasion for them. And fish, in their season, are very plenteous.\\nMy cousin Revell and I, with some of my men, went last third month into the river to\\ncatch herrings for at that time they came in great shoals into the shallows. We had\\nneither rod nor net, but, after the Indian fashion, made a round pinfold, about tvvo yards\\nover, and a foot high, but left a gap for the fish to go in at and made a bush to lay in\\nthe gap to keep the fish in and when that was done, we took two long birches and tied\\ntheir tops together, and went about a stone s cast above our said pinfold then hauling\\nthese birch boughs down the stream, where we drove thousands before us, but so\\nmany got into our trap as it would hold. And then we began to haul them on shore, as\\nfast as three or four of us could, by two or three at a time and after this manner, in\\nhalf an hour, we could have filled a three-bushel sack of as good and large herrings as\\never I saw. And as to beef and pork, here is great plenty of it, and cheap and also\\ngood sheep. The common grass of this country feeds beef very fat I have killed two\\nthis year, and therefore I have reason to know it. Besides, I have seen this fall, in Bur.\\nlington, killed eight or nine fat oxen and cows, on a market day, and all very fat. And\\nthough I speak of herrings only, lest any should think we have little other sorts, we have\\ngreat plenty of most sorts offish that ever I saw in England, besides several other sorts that\\nare not known there as rocks, catfish, shads, sheep s heads, sturgeons and fowls\\nplenty as ducks, geese, turkeys, pheasants, partridges, and many other sorts that I can-\\nnot remember, and would be too tedious to mention. Indeed the country, take it as a\\nwilderness, is a brave country though no place will please all. But some will be ready\\nto say, he writes of conveniences, but not of inconveniences. In answer to those, I\\nhonestly declare, there is some barren land, as (I suppose) there is in most places of the\\nworld, and more wood than some would have upon their lands neither will the country\\nproduce corn without labor, nor cattle be got without something to buy them, nor bread\\nwith idleness else it would be a brave country indeed. And I question not but all then\\nwould give it a good word. For my part, I like it so well I never had the least thought\\nof returning to England, except on the account of trade. Mahlon Stacy.\\nIn a letter to William Cook of Sheffield, and others, Stacy wrote thus\\nThis is a most brave place whatever envy or evil spies may speak of it, I could\\nwish you all here. Burlington will be a place of trade quickly for here is way for trade\\nI, with eight more, last winter, bought a good ketch of fifty tons, freighted her out at our\\nown charge, and sent her to Barbados, and so to sail to Saltertugas, to take in part of\\nher lading in salt, and the rest in Barbados goods as she came back which said voyage\\nshe hath accomplished very well, and now rides before Burlington, discharging her lad-\\ning, and so to go to the West Indies again. And we intend to freight her out witli our\\nown corn. We have wanted nothing since we came hither but the company of our\\ngood friends and acquaintance. All our people are very well, and in a hopeful way to\\nlive much better than ever they did and not only so, but to provide well for their posterity.\\nThey improve their lands, and have good crops and if our friends and countrymen come,\\nthey will find better reception than we had by far at first, before the country was settled\\nas now it is. I know not one among the people that desires to be in England again\\nI since settled. I wonder at our Yorkshire people, that they had rather live in\\nservitude, and work hard all the year, and not be three-pence the better at the year s end,\\nthan stir out of the chimney-corner, and transport themselves to a place where, with the\\nlike pains, in two or three years they might know better things.\\nI never repented my corning hither, nor yet remembered thy arguments and outcry\\nagainst New Jersey with regret. I live as well to my content, and in as great plenty\\nas ever I did and in a far more likely way to get an estate. Though I hear some have", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "OUTLINE HISTORY 25\\nthought I was too large in my former, I affirm it to be true having seen more with mine\\neyes, in this time since, than ever yet I wrote of. Mahlon Stacy.\\nFrom the Falls of Delaware, in West New Jersey,\\nthe 26th of the 4th month, 1680.\\nSir George Carteret, sole proprietor of East Jersey, dying in\\n1679, by will, ordered that province to be sold, to pay his debts;\\nwhich was done accordingly, by his widow and executors, by in-\\ndenture of lease and release, bearing date the 1st and 2d of Feb-\\nruary, 1681-82, to William Penn, Robert West, Thomas Rudyard,\\nSamuel Groome, Thomas Hart, Richard Mew, Thomas Wilcox, of\\nLondon, (goldsmith,) Ambrose Rigg, John Haywood, Hugh Harts-\\nhorne, Clement Plumsted, and Thomas Cooper, their heirs and as-\\nsigns who were thence called the twelve proprietors. They, being\\ntogether so seized, in this year published an account of their coun-\\ntry, a fresh project for a town, and method of disposing of their\\nlands. The following items are extracts from the account re-\\nferred to above\\nSecond. The conveniency of situation, temperature of air, and fertility of soil is\\nsuch, that there are no less than seven considerable towns, viz Shrewsbury, Middletown,\\nBergen, Newark, Elizabethtown, Woodbridge, and Piscataway which are well inhabited\\nby a sober and industrious people, who have necessary provisions for themselves and fam-\\nilies, and for the comfortable entertainment of strangers and travellers. And this colony is\\nexperimentally found generally to agree with English constitutions.\\nFourth. For fishery, the sea-banks there are very well stored with variety of fish\\nfor not only such as are profitable for transportation, but such also as are fit for food\\nthere as whales, cod-fish, cole and hake-fish, large mackerel, and also many other sorts\\nof flat and small fish. The bay also, and Hudson s river, are plentifully stored with\\nsturgeon, great bass, and other scale-fish, eels, and shell-fish, as oysters, c, in great\\nplenty, and easy to take.\\nSeventh. The land or soil (as in other places) varies in goodness and richness but\\ngenerally fertile, and with much smaller labor than in England. It produceth plentiful\\ncrops of all sorts of English grain, besides Indian corn, which the English planters find\\nnot only to be of vast increase, but very wholesome and good in its use it also produ-\\nceth good flax and hemp, which they now spin and manufacture into linen cloth. There\\nis sufficient meadow and marsh to their uplands and the very barrens there, as they are\\ncalled, are not like some in England, but produce grass fit for grazing cattle in summer\\nseason.\\nEighth. The country is well stored with wild deer, conies, and wild fowl of several\\nsorts, as turkeys, pigeons, partridges, plover, quails, wild swans, geese, ducks, c., in\\ngreat plenty. It produceth variety of good and delicious fruits, as grapes, plums, mul-\\nberries and also apricots, peaches, pears, apples, quinces, watermelons, c., which are\\nhere in England planted in orchards and gardens. These, as also many other fruits,\\nwhich come not to perfection in England, are the more natural product of this country.\\nNinth. There is also already great store of horses, cows, hogs, and some sheep, which\\nmay be bought at reasonable prices, with English moneys or English commodities, or man s\\nlabor, where money and goods are wanting.\\nTenth. What sort of mines or minerals are in the bowels of the earth, after.time\\nmust produce, the inhabitants not having yet employed themselves in search thereof;\\nbut there is already a smelting furnace and forge set up in this colony, where is made\\ngood iron, which is of great benefit to the country.\\nEleventh. It is exceedingly well furnished with safe and convenient harbors for ship-\\nping, which are of great advantage to that country and affords already, for exportation,\\ngreat plenty of horses, and also beef, pork, pipe-staves, boards, bread, flour, wheat, bar-\\nley, rye, Indian corn, butter and cheese, which they export for Barbadoes, Jamaica, Ne-\\nvis, and other adjacent islands as also to Portugal, Spain, the Canaries, c. Their\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2whale-oil and whale-fins, beaver, mink, raccoon, and marten-skins, (which tins country\\nproduceth,) they transport to England.\\n4", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "26 OUTLINE HISTORY.\\nThirteenth. The Indian natives in this country are but few, comparative to the\\nneighboring colonies and those that are there are so far from being formidable or inju-\\nrious to the planters and inhabitants, that they are really serviceable and advantageous\\nto the English not only in hunting and taking the deer, and other wild creatures, and\\ncatching of fish and fowl fit for food, in their seasons, but in the killing and destroying\\nof bears, wolves, foxes, and other vermin and peltry, whose skins and furs they bring\\nthe English, and sell at less price than the value of time an Englishman must spend to\\ntake them.\\nAs for passage to this province, ships are going hence the whole year about, as well\\nin winter as summer, Sandy Hook bay being never frozen. The usual price is five pounds\\nper head, as well masters or servants, who are above ten years of age all under ten\\nyears, and not children at the breast, pay fifty shillings sucking children pay nothing.\\nCarriage of goods is usually forty shillings per ton, and sometimes less, as we can agree.\\nThe cheapest and chiefest time of the year for passage is from midsummer till the latter\\nend of September, when many Virginia and Maryland ships are going out of England\\ninto those parts and such who take then their voyage, arrive usually in good time to\\nplant corn sufficient for next summer.\\nThe goods to be carried there are, first, for people s own use all sorts of apparel and\\nhousehold stuff; and also utensils for husbandry and building secondly, linen and wool-\\nlen cloths and stuffs, fitting for apparel, c, which are fit for merchandise and truck\\nthere in the country, and that to good advantage for the importer of which further ac-\\ncount will be given to the inquirer.\\nLastly. Although this country, by reason of its being already considerably inhabited,\\nmay afford many conveniences to strangers, of which unpeopled countries are destitute,\\nas lodging, victualling, c, yet all persons inclining unto those parts must know that,\\nin their settlement there, they will find their exercises. They must have their winter, as\\nwell as summer. They must labor before they reap and, till their plantations be\\ncleared, (in summer time,) they must expect (as in all those countries) the mosquitos,\\nflies, gnats, and such like, may, in hot and fair weather, give them some disturbance,\\nwhere people provide not against them which, as land is cleared, are less troublesome.\\nThe plan and proposals of the twelve proprietors became quite\\npopular, particulary among the Scotch, many of whom came over\\nand settled in East Jersey. The twelve proprietors did not long\\nhold the province to themselves, but, by particular deeds, took each\\na partner: their names were James, {Earl of Perth) John Drum-\\nmond, Robert Barclay, Robert Gordon, Aarent Sonmans, Gawen\\nLawrie, Edward Byllinge, James Braine, William Gibson, Thomas\\nBarker, Robert Turner, and Thomas Warne. These, with the other\\ntwelve, were called the twenty-four proprietors to them the Duke\\nof York made a fresh grant of East New Jersey, bearing date the\\n14th of March, 1682.\\nAt this period there were supposed to be about seven hundred\\nfamilies settled in the towns of East Jersey, which, reckoning five\\nto a family, were three thousand and five hundred inhabitants be-\\nsides the out plantations, which were thought to contain half as\\nmany more. Philip Carteret continued governor of East Jersey\\nafter the quinty partite division, till about the year 1681.* The\\nsessions of the assembly were mostly held at Elizabethtown, occa-\\nsionally at Woodbridge, and once or more at Middletown and Pis-\\ncataway.\\nHis salary was generally \u00c2\u00a350 a year, paid in country produce, at prices fixed by\\nlaw and sometimes four shillings a day besides, to defray his charges while a sessions\\nwas held. The wages of the council and assembly, during their sitting in legislation,\\nwas to each member three shillings a day. The rates for public charges were levied at\\ntwo shillings per head for every male above fourteen years old.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "OUTLINE HISTORY. 27\\nSome of the first laws, as published by the legislature at Eliz-\\nabethtown, were, in substance That persons resisting authority\\nshould be punished at the discretion of the court that men, from\\nsixteen to sixty years of age, should provide themselves with arms,\\non penalty of one shilling for the first week s neglect, and two for\\nevery week after that for burglary, or highway robbery, the first\\noffence, burning in the hand, the second, in the forehead in both\\nto make restitution and for the third offence, death. For stealing,\\nthe first offence, treble restitution, and the like for the second and\\nthird offence, with such increase of punishment as the court saw\\ncause, even to death, if the party appeared incorrigible but if not,\\nand unable to make restitution, they were to be sold for satisfac-\\ntion, or to receive corporal punishment. That conspiracies, or at-\\ntacks upon towns or forts, should be death that undutiful children,\\nsmiting or cursing their father or mother, except provoked there-\\nunto for self-preservation, upon complaint of, and proof from their\\nparents, or either of them, should be punished with death that in\\ncase of adultery, the party to be divorced, corporally punished, or\\nbanished, or either or all of them, as the court should judge proper\\nthat for night-walking and revelling, after the hour of nine, the\\nparties to be secured by the constable, or other officer, till morning,\\nand then, not giving a satisfactory account to the magistrate, to be\\nbound over to the next court, and there receive such punishment as\\nshould be inflicted. That the meeting of the assembly should be\\nalways on the first Tuesday in November, yearly, and oftener if\\nthe governor and council thought necessary and that they should\\nfix the governor s salary the deputies of each town to be chosen\\non the first of January, according to the concessions. Any deputy\\nabsenting himself, at such times, was to be fined forty shillings for\\nevery day s absence. That thirty pounds should be levied for pro-\\nvincial charges i. e., \u00c2\u00a35 to be paid by each town, in winter- wheat,\\nat five shillings a bushel, summer- wheat at four and six-pence, peas\\nat three shillings and six-pence, Indian corn at three shillings, rye\\nat four shillings, barley at four shillings, beef at two-pence half-\\npenny per pound, and pork at three-pence half-penny. That no\\nson, daughter, maid, or servant, should marry without the consent\\nof his or their parents, masters, or overseers, without being three\\ntimes published in some public meeting or kirk, near the party s\\nabode, or notice being set up in writing at some public house near\\nwhere they lived, for fourteen days before then to be solemnized\\nby some approved minister, justice, or chief officer, who, on penalty\\nof twenty pounds, and to be put out of office, were to marry none\\nwho had not followed those directions.\\nAmong the new proprietors of East Jersey was Robert Barclay,\\nof Urie, a Scottish gentleman, who had adopted the sentiments of the\\nFriends or Quakers, and was the author of the celebrated Apology\\nin their defence. By the unanimous choice of his colleagues, he\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2was appointed for life first governor of East Jersey, under the new\\nadministration, with dispensation from personal residence, and", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "28 OUTLINE HISTORY.\\nauthority to nominate his deputy. Thomas Rudyard was -appointed\\ndeputy-governor, and arrived at his government about the begin-\\nning of 1683. He was superseded, however, at the close of the\\nyear, by Gawen Lawrie, also of London, who had been one of\\nByllinge s trustees for West Jersey. The successor of Lawrie was\\nLord Niel Campbell, who was succeeded by Alexander Hamilton,\\nEsq.\\nAbout the year 1080, West Jersey, by the accession of many\\nsettlers, became somewhat populous. Samuel Jennings, having\\nreceived a commission from Byllinge as deputy-governor, came\\nover to West Jersey, called an assembly, and with them agreed\\nupon a constitution of government, on the 25th of November, 1081.\\nFrom this period, yearly assemblies were held, courts established\\nin different places, and justice was administered in due course of\\nlaw. The successors of Jennings in the administration of the gov-\\nernment were Thomas Olive, John Skeine, William Welsh, Daniel\\nCox, and Andrew Hamilton, who continued governor till the pro-\\nprietary charter was surrendered to the crown.\\nThe year 1G80 seems to have been a dangerous one in East\\nJersey, if the law then passed against wearing swords was prop-\\nerly founded. According to that, several persons had received\\nabuses, and were put in great fear from quarrels and challenges\\nto prevent it for the future, none, by word or message, were to\\nmake a challenge, upon pain of six months imprisonment, without\\nbail or mainprize, and a ten-pound fine. Whoever accepted or\\nconcealed the challenge was also to forfeit ten pounds. No person\\nwas to wear any pocket-pistols, skeins, stilladers, daggers, or dirks,\\nor other unusual weapons, upon pain of five pounds forfeiture for\\nthe first offence, and for the second to be committed, and on con-\\nviction imprisoned for six months and moreover to pay a fine of\\nten pounds. No planter was to go armed with sword, pistol, or\\ndagger, upon penalty of five pounds. Officers, civil and military,\\nsoldiers in service, and strangers travelling upon lawful occasions,\\nwere excepted. This law, for any thing that appears, is yet in\\nforce.\\nThe settlers, in both West Jersey and Pennsylvania, about the\\nyear 1087, were put to difficulties on account of food; their crops\\nhaving in great part failed. Several families had already spent\\ntheir last, and were forced to subsist on what was spared by such\\nof their neighbors as were better provided. These were few in\\nproportion to the mouths to be filled. Some nigh the rivers had\\nlived weeks upon fish others were forced to put up with herbs\\nbut unexpectedly to many arrived a vessel from New England to\\nPhiladelphia, laden with corn, which proved an agreeable supply.\\nThis vessel meeting with a good market, others soon followed so\\nthat the settlers were not afterward exposed to the like necessity\\nfor want of food.\\nThe year 1701 was a memorable era in the history of New Jer-\\nsey, on account of the disturbances and confusions that violently", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "OUTLINE HISTORY. 29\\nagitated the minds of the people. Each province had many\\nand different proprietors, who promoted separate and intervening\\nschemes and interests. To promote particular purposes, one party\\nwould have the choice and management of the governor, while\\nanother refused any but of their own nomination and a third\\nobjected to proposals from either. Discord prevailed, and every\\nexpedient to restore order, union, and regularity proved unsuccess-\\nful. The disorders in East Jersey made such an impression on the\\nminds of many of the people, that they readily hearkened to over-\\ntures made for a surrender of the proprietary government. A con-\\nsiderable part of West Jersey was also, for similar reasons, dis-\\nposed to a resignation. The proprietors, weary of contending with\\neach other, and with the people, drew up an instrument, whereby\\nthey surrendered their right of government to the crown, which\\nwas accepted by Queen Anne on the 17th of April, 1702.\\nImmediately upon the transfer of the right of government to the\\ncrown, Queen Anne reunited East and West Jersey into one prov-\\nince, and intrusted its government, as well as that of New York,\\nto her kinsman, Edward Hyde, Lord Cornbury, grandson of the\\nchancellor, Earl of Clarendon. The commission and instructions\\nwhich Cornbury received formed the constitution and government\\nof the province, until its declaration of independence. The new\\ngovernment was composed of the governor and twelve councillors,\\nnominated by the crown, and an assembly, of twenty-four mem-\\nbers, to be elected by the people, for an indefinite term, whose ses-\\nsions were to be holden, alternately, at Perth Amboy and Burling-\\nton. Among the numerous instructions given to the governor was\\none directing him to permit liberty of conscience to all persons,\\n(except Papists,) so they may be contented with a quiet and peace-\\nable enjoyment of the same, not giving offence or scandal to the\\ngovernment also one stating that, Forasmuch as great incon-\\nveniences may arise by the liberty of printing in our said province,\\nyou are to provide, by all necessary orders, that no person keep any\\npress for printing, nor that any book, pamphlet, or other matters\\nwhatsoever, be printed without your especial leave and license first\\nobtained.\\nAt this period the province was supposed to contain 20,000 in-\\nhabitants, of whom 12,000 belonged to East, and 8,000 to West\\nJersey. The militia amounted to 1,400 men. The trade of the\\nprovince was considerable. Its exports consisted of agricultural\\nproduce, which supplied the West Indies furs, skins, and a little\\ntobacco, for the English market; and oil, fish, and other provisions,\\nwhich were sent to Spain, Portugal, and the Canary islands.\\nLord Cornbury arrived in New Jersey in August, 1703. He con-\\ntinued in the office of governor of New Jersey and New York\\ntill 1708; when the complaints of the people were such that the\\nqueen was compelled to revoke his commission. When deprived\\nof his office, his creditors put him in prison in the province he had\\ngoverned, where he remained till the death of his father elevated", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "30 OUTLINE HISTORY.\\nhim to the peerage, which entitled him to liberation. We never\\nhad a governor, (says a writer who knew him well,) so univer-\\nsally detested, nor any who so richly deserved the public abhor-\\nrence in spite of his noble descent, his behavior was trifling,\\nmean, and extravagant. It was not uncommon for him to dress\\nhimself in a woman s habit, and then to patrol the fort in which he\\nresided. Such freaks of low humor exposed him to the universal\\ncontempt of the people but their indignation was kindled by his\\ndespotic rule, savage bigotry, insatiable avarice, and injustice, not\\nonly to the public, but even his private creditors.\\nJohn, Lord Lovelace, Baron of Hurley, being appointed to suc-\\nceed Cornbury, he summoned the council to meet him at Bergen,\\nDecember 20th, 1708. The hopes entertained, from his exalted\\ncharacter, of a happy administration, were frustrated by his death,\\non the succeeding 5th of May. The administration now devolved\\non Lieutenant-governor Ingoldsby, who laid before the assembly\\nthe design of the crown respecting an expedition against Canada.\\nThe assembly prepared three bills, one for raising \u00c2\u00a33,000,* an-\\nother for enforcing its currency, and a third for the encouragement\\nof volunteers going on the Canada expedition. These bills having\\nreceived the governor s assent, the house was adjourned to the first\\nof November, to meet at Burlington. In November they met ac-\\ncordingly, but deferred business till December when they sat\\nten weeks, passed eighteen bills, were then adjourned, and after-\\nward prorogued, from time to time, till dissolved by Governor\\nHunter, in 1710.\\nGovernor Hunter commenced his administration in 1710, and in\\n1720 resigned in favor of William Burnet, (son of the celebrated\\nbishop.) and returned to England. He had a ready art at pro-\\ncuring money: few loved it more. This foible, it is said, drew\\nhim into schemes, gaming, and considerable losses. Though not in\\nall respects accomplished, his address here was engaging and suc-\\ncessful he assented to most of the laws the people wanted, and\\nfilled the offices with men of character.\\nHere began the paper currency in New Jersey. The care of the legislature respect-\\ning it, in this and all the succeeding emissions, being to render the funds for sinking,\\naccording to the acts that created it, secure, and to prevent the currency failing in value\\nby changing the bills as they became ragged and torn, and allowing no re-emissions on\\nany other account whatsoever. It has thence, from the beginning, preserved its credit,\\nand proved of great service to the proprietors in the sale of their lands, and to the set-\\ntlers in enabling them to purchase and contract, and pay English debts, and go on with\\ntheir improvements. The securities, when issued on loan, were double the value in lands,\\nor treble in houses, and five per cent, interest; but now (1765) there is none current on\\nthis footing. The funds for sinking, by tax, the money created for the expedition, and\\nother purposes, are mortgages (secured in the acts that make the respective emissions)\\non the estates, real and personal, in the province hence they are secured as firmly as\\nthe province itself. They are a legal tender to all the inhabitants in the province, and\\nelsewhere, but not to others, except while in the province. The remittances of this\\nprovince to England, being chiefly from New York and Philadelphia, and the bills no le-\\ngal tender there, they can never operate to the prejudice of English debts, let exchange\\nbe as it may because none there are obliged to take them. This is a particularity only\\nbelonging to the state of trade of New Jersey, and renders a paper currency there free\\nfrom the objections usually made against it in England.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Smith s Hist. N. J.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "OUTLINE HISTORY 31\\nSome of the most remarkable acts of the assembly, during Gov.\\nBurnet s administration, were, that for the support of government,\\nin which the salary of the governor was fixed for five years, at\\n\u00c2\u00a3500 per annum, and that authorizing the issue of \u00c2\u00a340,000 in\\nbills of credit, with the view, principally, of increasing the circu-\\nlating medium of the colony. The country, as the preamble to the\\nact sets forth, had been wholly drained of a metallic currency\\nand, as the paper currency of the neighboring colonies was not a\\nlegal tender in the payment of debts, much embarrassment was\\nproduced. The payment of taxes was occasionally made in broken\\nplate, ear-rings, and other jewels and the law authorized their\\npayment in wheat. Forty thousand pounds, in bills in value from\\none shilling to three pounds, were issued by the government to\\nborrowers, on the pledge of plate, or real estate, at five per cent,\\nper annum. The whole sum was apportioned to the counties in\\nwhich loan-offices were established the bills were made current\\nfor twelve years, and were made a legal tender for debts. In 1730\\nanother act added \u00c2\u00a320,000 to this medium, and were made current\\nfor sixteen years. All these issues (although at one period they\\nwere at a discount of sixteen per cent.) were fully and duly re-\\ndeemed.*\\nGov. Burnet, after this, continued to preside over New York\\nand New Jersey, till 1727 when he was removed to Boston, and\\nsucceeded by John Montgomerie, Esq. He continued till his death,\\nwhich happened in the summer of 1731. To him succeeded Wil-\\nliam Cosby, Esq. He continued till his death, in 1736. The gov-\\nernment here then devolved on the president of the council, John\\nAnderson, Esq. He died about two weeks afterward, and was\\nsucceeded by John Hamilton, Esq., (son of Andrew Hamilton,\\ngovernor in the proprietors time.) He governed nearly two 3*ears.\\nIn the summer of 1738, a commission arrived to Lewis Morris, Esq.,\\nas governor of New Jersey, separate from New York. He con-\\ntinued till his death, in the spring of 1746. He was succeeded by\\nPresident Hamilton. He dying, it devolved upon John Reading,\\nEsq., as the next eldest councillor. He exercised the office till the\\nsummer of 1747, when Jonathan Belcher, Esq., arrived. He died\\nin the summer of 1757, and was succeeded by John Reading, Esq.,\\npresident. Francis Bernard, Esq., arrived governor, in 1758 was\\nremoved to Boston, and succeeded here by Thomas Boone, Esq., in\\n1760. He was removed to South Carolina, and succeeded here by\\nJosiah Hardy, Esq., in 1761. He was removed, and afterward ap-\\npointed consul at Cadiz.\\nGov. Hardy was succeeded in his office, in the spring of 1763,\\nby William Franklin, Esq., the last of the royal governors, and the\\nson of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. The year 1 763 was distinguished by\\na treaty of peace between Great Britain and France, by which\\nCanada was ceded to the British king, and the colonies secured\\nSee Gordon s History of New Jersey, pp. 94-96.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "32 OUTLINE HISTORY\\nfrom the ravages of French and Indian wars, which had continued\\nfor more than half a century. When Mr. Pitt, the celebrated\\nBritish minister, called upon the colonial government to make an\\neffort to destroy the French power in America, the assembly of\\nNew Jersey, instead of raising reluctantly five hundred men, doub-\\nled that number, and, to fill the ranks in season, offered a bounty\\nof twelve pounds per man, increased the pay of the officers, and\\nvoted a sum of \u00c2\u00a350,000 for their maintenance. They at the same\\nsession directed barracks to be built at Burlington, Trenton, New\\nBrunswick, Amboy, and Elizabethtown, competent each for the ac-\\ncommodation of three hundred men This complement of\\none thousand men New Jersey kept up during the years 1758,\\n1759, and 1760 and in the years 1761 and 1762 furnished six hun-\\ndred men, besides in the latter year a company of sixty-four men\\nand officers, especially for garrison duty for which she incurred\\nan average expense of \u00c2\u00a340,000 per annum.\\nAt the commencement of the revolutionary period, New Jersey\\nwas among the foremost of her sister colonies in resisting the aggres-\\nsions of British tyranny. Early in July, 1774, the inhabitants of\\nthe several counties of New Jersey assembled in their county\\ntowns, and passed resolutions strongly disapproving the acts of\\nparliament closing the port of Boston, c. They nominated depu-\\nties to meet in convention for the purpose of electing delegates to\\nthe general congress about to meet in Philadelphia. The New\\nJersey delegates reported the proceedings of congress to the\\nassembly, January 11th, 1775, by whom they were unanimously\\napproved: such members as were Quakers excepting only to\\nsuch parts as seemed to wear an appearance, or might have a ten-\\ndency to force, as inconsistent with their religious principles.\\nThe joint action of the colonies was opposed by their royal gov-\\nernors, who threw every obstacle in their power to prevent its ac-\\ncomplishment. Gov. Franklin refused to summon the assembly,\\nnotwithstanding the petitions of the people therefore the first del-\\negates to congress were elected by a convention. The second pro-\\nvincial convention met at Trenton, May 23d, 1775, and directed\\nthat one or more companies of eighty should be formed in each\\ntownship, or corporation and, in order to raise necessary funds,\\nimposed a tax of \u00c2\u00a310,000. The provincial congress of New Jer-\\nsey reassembled August 5th, 1775, and directed that fifty- four com-\\npanies, each of sixty-four minute-men, be organized. These troops\\nwere formed into ten battalions in Bergen, Essex, Middlesex,\\nMonmouth, Somerset, Morris, Sussex, Hunterdon, and Burlington,\\none each in Gloucester and Salem, one while in the counties of\\nCumberland and Cape May were independent light infantry and\\nrangers. But the chief measure of this congress was the perpetu-\\nation of the authority which they had assumed they therefore re-\\nsolved and directed that, during the continuance of the controversy\\nbetween Great Britain and America, the inhabitants qualified to\\nvote should yearly choose deputies to the provincial congress, who", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "OUTLINE HISTORY. 33\\nnow took upon themselves the management of the affairs of the colo-\\nny, relating to their rights and liberties.\\nGov. Franklin convened the legislature November 16th, 1775.\\nHe made an address, the prominent objects of which seem to have\\nbeen to obtain from the assembly an assurance of personal safety,\\nand a disavowal of all intention to proclaim independence. On\\nthe 6th of December he prorogued the house till January 3d, 1776,\\nbut it never reassembled and thus terminated the provincial legis-\\nlature of New Jersey.\\n[The above is copied from an impression of the original Great\\nSeal of the State of New Jersey, in the secretary of state s office,\\nat Trenton. It is the one used at the present time, though much\\nworn.]*\\nThe provincial congress of New Jersey convened at Burlington,\\nJune 10th, 1776. At this period the general congress of the United\\nColonies was in session in Philadelphia, and, on the memorable fourth\\nof July, declared themselves independent of Great Britain. On\\nthe 18th of the same month the provincial congress assumed the\\ntitle of the State Convention of New Jersey. During the pro-\\ngress of these events, Gov. Franklin was compelled to stand by\\nan almost idle spectator, as the torrent of public opinion was too\\nThe following- is the report of the committee appointed to prepare this seal The\\njoint committee appointed by both houses, to prepare a great seal, beg leave to report\\nThat they have considered the subject, and taken the sentiments of several intelligent\\ngentlemen thereon, and are of the opinion that Francis Hopkinson, Esq.. should be\\nimmediately engaged to employ proper persons, at Philadelphia, to prepare a silver seal,\\nwhich is to be round, of two and a half inches diameter, and three-eighths of an inch\\nthick and that the arms shall be three ploughs in an escutcheon, the supporters Liberty\\nand Ceres, and the crest a horse s head. These words to be engraved, in large letters,\\nround the arms, viz The Great Seal of the State of New Jersey.\\nPrinceton, 3d Oct. 1776. By order of the committee Richard Smith, chairman.\\n5", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "34 OUTLINE HISTORY.\\nstrong for him to attempt to turn its course. He however, by pro-\\nclamation of the 30th of May, summoned the house, in the name\\nof the king, to meet on the 20th of June. The provincial congress,\\nseeing the mischief of the measure, resolved, by a vote of thirty-\\nfive to eleven, that the proclamation of William Franklin, late\\ngovernor, ought not to be obeyed and, as he had shown himself to\\nbe an enemy to the liberties of his country, his person should be\\nsecured. This was accordingly done and, by an order of the\\ncontinental congress, on the 25th of June, the deposed governor\\nwas sent, under guard, to Gov. Trumbull of Connecticut, who was\\ndesired to take his parole, and in case he refused to take it, to\\ntreat him agreeably to the resolutions of congress respecting pris-\\noners. This request was immediately complied with. On his re-\\nlease, he sailed to England, where he received a pension for his losses.\\nThe first legislature of independent New Jersey convened at\\nPrinceton, August 27th, 177G, and on the 31st of the same month\\nWilliam Livingston, Esq., was, in joint ballot, chosen governor of\\nthe state and, being annually re-elected, was continued in office\\nfor fourteen years. During his administration, the state was the\\ntheater of war for several years. In the revolutionary struggle,\\nher losses, both of men and property, in proportion to the popula-\\ntion and wealth of the state, was greater than any other of the\\nthirteen states. When Gen. Washington was retreating through\\nthe Jerseys, almost forsaken, her militia were at all times obedient\\nto his orders and for a considerable time composed the strength\\nof his army. There is hardly a town in the state, that lay in the\\nprogress of the British army, that was not signalized by some en-\\nterprise or exploit. At Trenton the enemy received a check, which\\nmay be said, with justice, to have turned the tide of war.\\nIn the summer of 1778, Sir Henry Clinton retreated, with the\\nBritish army, from Philadelphia, through New Jersey to New York.\\nThe battle of Monmouth signalizes this retreat. The military ser-\\nvices performed by the soldiers of New Jersey, and the sufferings\\nof her people, during the revolutionary war, entitle her to the\\ngratitude of her sister states. By her sacrifices of blood and trea-\\nsure, in resisting oppression, she is entitled to stand in the foremost\\nrank among those who struggled for American freedom.\\nGov. Livingston died in 1790, and in October of that year was\\nsucceeded in office by William Paterson. He was re-elected in the\\nautumn of 1791. In the spring of 1792, he was appointed a judge\\nof the supreme court of the United States, and on the 23d of May,\\nin that year, he resigned the office of governor. Richard How-\\nell was elected June 3d, 1792, and continued in office till October,\\n1801 when he was succeeded by Joseph Bloomfield. In 1802,\\nthere being no choice of governor, John Lambert, vice-president\\nof the council, performed the duties of governor for that year. In\\nOctober, 1803, Gov. Bloomfield was elected, and continued in office\\ntill 1812 when he was succeeded by Aaron Ogden who, in 1813,\\nwas in turn succeeded by William S. Pennington. In 1815, Gov.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "OUTLINE HISTORY. 35\\nPennington was succeeded by Mahlon Dickerson who, in turn,\\nwas succeeded by Isaac W. Williamson, in 1817. Gov. Williamson\\ncontinued in office till 1829, and Garret D. Wall was chosen to\\nsucceed him. This gentleman, on the 2d of November, declined\\nthe appointment, by letter and on the 6th of the same month Pe-\\nter D. Vroom was elected. He continued in office till 1832, when\\nhe was succeeded by Samuel L. Southard. On the 23d of Februa-\\nry, Gov. Southard was elected to the senate of the United States\\nand on the 27th of that month Elias P. Seeley was chosen in his\\nplace. In 1834, Gov. Vroom was elected governor, and in 1836\\nwas succeeded in office by Philemon Dickerson who in turn was\\nsucceeded by William Pennington, in 1837. In 1843, Gov. Pen-\\nnington was succeeded by Daniel Haines.\\nThe following miscellaneous items of history, c, will serve to\\nthrow light on the history of the times to which they refer. They\\nare, for the most part, extracted from a series of articles recently\\npublished in the Newark Daily Advertiser.\\nEARLY MORAL LAWS.\\nConcerning the beastly vice, drunkenness, the first laws inflicted fines\\nof one shilling, two shillings, and two shillings and sixpence, for the first\\nthree offences, with corporal punishment, should the offender be unable to\\npay; and if unruly, he was to be put in the stocks until sober. In 1682 it\\nwas treated more rigorously each offence incurred a fine of five shillings,\\nand if not paid, the stocks received a tenant for six hours; and constables,\\nnot doing their duty under the law, were fined ten shillings for each neglect.\\nThis increase of punishment indicates a growth in the vice, which may have\\nbeen attributable in part to the removal of restrictions on the sale of liquors\\nin small quantities, which had previously been imposed.\\nIn 1668 each town was obliged to keep an ordinary for the relief and\\nentertainment of strangers, under a penalty of forty shillings for each month s\\nneglect and ordinary-keepers alone were permitted to retail liquors in less\\nquantities than two gallons. In 1677 the quantity was reduced to one gallon.\\nIn 1683 ordinary-keepers were debarred the privilege of recovering debts\\nfor liquor sold, amounting to five shillings but whatever good this might\\nhave done was destroyed by the assembly authorizing others than keepers\\nof ordinaries to retail strong liquors by the quart. In 1692, forasmuch as\\nthere were great exorbitances and drunkenness observable in several towns,\\noccasioned by tolerating many persons in selling drink in private houses,\\nan attempt was made to establish an excise but the following year it was\\nrepealed, and the licensing of retailers confided to the governor.\\nThe observance of the Lord s day was required, by abstaining from all\\nservile work, unlawful recreations, and unnecessary travelling and any dis-\\norderly conduct could be punished by confinement in the stocks, fines, im-\\nprisonment, or whipping. In 1704, under the administration of Lord Corn-\\nbury, many of the early prohibitions were re-enacted but by that time, it", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "36 OUTLINE HISTORY.\\nwould seem, the use of ardent spirits began to be considered necessary\\nkeepers of public houses were not to allow tippling on the Lord s day, ex-\\ncept for necessary refreshment.\\nSwearing, or taking God s name in vain, was made punishable by a\\nshilling fine for each offence, as early as 1668, and such continued to be the\\nlaw until 1682, when a special act provided that the fine should be two\\nshillings and sixpence and if not paid, the offender was to be placed in the\\nstocks, or whipped, according to his age, whether under or over twelve.\\nAll prizes, stage-plays, games, masques, revels, bull-baitings, and cock-\\nfightings, which excite the people to rudeness, cruelty, looseness, and irre-\\nligion, were to be discouraged and punished by courts of justice, according\\nto the nature of the offence. Night-walkers or revellers, after nine o clock,\\nwere to be secured by the constable till morning; and, unless excused on\\nexamination, to be bound over to appear at court.\\nThe resistance of lawful authority, by word or action, or the expression\\nof disrespectful language referring to those in office, was made punishable\\neither by fine, corporal punishment, or (as from 1675 to 1682) by banish-\\nIn 1676 all liars were included for the second offence incurring a fine of\\ntwenty shillings and if the fines were not paid, the culprits received cor-\\nporal punishment, or were put in the stocks.\\nThe name of Mr. Basse is first met in connection with the affairs of New\\nJersey in July, 1697, when he was commissioned by ten proprietors as govern-\\nor of the eastern province. He arrived the following spring presented his\\ncommission to the council on the 7th April, and on the following day had\\nit publicly proclaimed. His authority was immediately acknowledged, the\\nfact not being then generally known that his commission had not received\\nthe signatures of sixteen proprietors, the number required to render it valid\\nwhich subsequently, with other reasons for opposition, rendered his continu-\\nance in office impracticable. The common seal of the twenty-four had for\\none of its mottoes, Righteousness exalteth a Nation and, judging from\\na proclamation issued at the time his commission was published, Governor\\nBasse appears to have entered upon the discharge of his duties with proper\\nviews of the truth of the sentiment, and the necessity for vigilance on the\\npart of the executive in upholding the measures best calculated to insure\\nthe growth of morality and religion among the people. This proclamation,\\nwhich the writer believes has never appeared in print, was as follows:\\nBY THE GOVERNOR\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A PROCLAMATION.\\nIt being very necessary, for the good and propriety of this province, that our princi-\\npal care be, in obedience to the laws of God and the wholesome laws of this prov-\\nince, to endeavor as much as in us lycth the extirpation of all sorts of looseness and\\nprophanUy, and to unite and join in the fear and love of God and of one another, that by\\nthe religious and virtuous carriage and behavior of every one in his respective station\\nand calling, all heats and animosities and dissensions may vanish, and the blessing of\\nAlmighty God accompany our honest and lawful endeavors, and that we may join our\\naffections in the true support of his majesty s government over us, who has so often and so\\ngenerously exposed his royal person to imminent danger to redeem us from the growing\\npower of popery and arbitrary government, and hath, by a singular blessing attending\\nhis endeavors, procured our deliverance and a happy and honorable peace, and is a great\\nexample and encourager of religion and virtuous living, I have therefore thought fit, by\\nand with the advice of the Council of this province of East Jersey, strictly to prohibit\\nall inhabitants and sojourners within this province from cursing, swearing, immoderate\\ndrinking, sabbath breaking, and all sorts of lewdness and prophane behavior in word or\\naction and for the true and effectual performance hereof, I do, by and with the advico", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "OUTLINE HISTORY. 37\\naforesaid, strictly charge and command all Justices of the Peace, Sheriffs, Constables,\\nand all other officers within the province, that they take due care that all the laws made\\nand provided for the suppressing of vice and encouraging of religion and virtue, particu-\\nlarly the observation of the Lord s day, be duly put in execution, as they will answer the\\ncontrary at their peril. Given under the seal of said province this eighth day of April,\\nAnno Dom. 1698, in the tenth year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord William the third\\nover England, c. King J. BASSE.\\nBy the Governor s command.\\nJohn Barclay, Dep. Sec y y Reg r.\\nThanksgiving and Fast-days. Although it does not appear that the de-\\nscendants of the Puritans introduced an annual festival of thanksgiving into\\nNew Jersey at as early a date as did the good people of New England into\\ntheir section of the country, yet special days were appointed, from time to\\ntime, on which to render homage to the Most High, for his overruling provi-\\ndence and goodness, soon after the government became firmly established.\\nIn 1676 the General Assembly designated the 2d Wednesday of Novem-\\nber to be observed as a day of thanksgiving, for the signal demonstration\\nof God s mercy and favor towards us in this colony, in the preserving and\\ncontinuing our peace in the midst of wars round about us, together with many\\nother mercies, which we are sensible of.\\nNov. 26th, 1679, was appointed a day of thanksgiving, in considera-\\ntion of the great deliverance of our nation from that horrid plot of the pa-\\npists to murder the king and destroy all the protestants and for the mercies\\nof God to us in our province, delivering us from that infectious disease the\\nsmall-pox, and other diseases, and from the trouble of the Indians, and all\\nother of his mercies which we have received in the year past.\\nJune 11th, 1696, was a day of thanksgiving, by a proclamation of the\\ngovernor, for the discovering of a most horrid and barbarous conspiracy\\nof papists, and other traitorous persons, against the life of his most sacred\\nMajesty, William III.\\nThese are all the thanksgiving days on record, but there are grounds\\nfor believing that others were kept prior to the surrender of the government\\nby the proprietors. Under the royal governors the writer has observed no\\nnotice of a thanksgiving day before 28th Nov. 1750, and then not again un-\\ntil 24th Oct. 1760, for successes in Canada, and on 25th Aug. 1763.\\nThe only fast-day that has been noticed previous to the Revolution was\\n25th April, 1760.\\nSLAVERY.\\nThe introduction of slavery into New Jersey was coeval with its settle-\\nment. At least, no preventive measures were adopted, and it is doubtful,\\nwith the then prevailing views relative to the slave-trade, and the support\\nextended to it by the British government, that any measures could have\\nbeen devised foi its prohibition within the limits of the province, the legality\\nof which could not have been questioned. But where were slaves not then\\nfound The mother country, for a century and more, had formally recog-\\nnized their existence as property the adjoining provinces possessed them\\neven New England was not exempt.\\nWhen, therefore, we consider what public sentiment was at that time\\nin relation to slavery, there seems to be unauthorized harshness in the re-\\nbuke of Lords Berkeley and Carteret in Bancroft s History, (2d vol. p. 316,", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "38 OUTLINE HISTORY.\\n9th edition,) where he says, they, more true to the prince, (the Duke of\\nYork, President of the Royal African Company,) than to humanity, offered\\na bounty of seventy-five acres for the importation of each able slave particu-\\nlarly as, by separating this bounty from the others with which it is connect-\\ned in the Concessions, an erroneous impression is conveyed the proprietors\\nbeing impliedly charged with encouraging a direct traffic in slaves. But\\nthat such was their intention is very doubtful.\\nThe Concessions were dated February, 1664-5, and offered as an induce-\\nment to each freeman who would go with Gov. Carteret, then soon to em-\\nbark, or meet him at such place in the province as he might appoint, 150\\nacres of land for himself, and the same quantity for each able man-servant,\\nand 75 acres for every weaker servant or slave, over 14 years, carried with\\nhim or sent. Similar phraseology is used in specifying the respective do-\\nnations for the emigrant during the ensuing three years, the quantity de-\\ncreasing each year, so that each weaker servant or slave, carried or sent,\\nthe third year entitled his or her master to only 30 acres, instead of 75.\\nThis decrease alone is an indication that subserviency to the duke Avas\\nless their object, than to encourage the rapid translation of settlers and la-\\nborers to their province. The grants of land promised for those servants\\nor slaves, taken at once, certainly could not have applied to such of the\\nlatter as were not then actually held to service in England or Scotland, and\\nthere is nothing to prove that the grants for subsequent years had reference\\nto any other, but rather to the reverse.*\\nWhether any slaves were actually brought to New Jersey under these\\nConcessions, is uncertain but if so, they must have been few in number,\\nand after the provinces passed into the hands of subsequent proprietors, it is\\nvery doubtful that any were introduced. The East Jersey records through-\\nout do not designate any of the servants brought over as slaves, and in\\nall documents referring to the distribution of land, the word is no longer\\nmade use of, which would not have been the case had there been slaves to\\nreceive a less quantity per head than other servants. It is evident, there-\\nfore, that the proprietors cannot with any certainty be charged with encourag-\\ning, particularly, the importation of slaves at the period of settlement, al-\\nthough there can be no doubt of the existence of slavery in the province\\nbefore it was transferred to the royal governors, for as early as 1696, the\\nQuakers of New Jersey united with those of Pennsylvania to recommend to\\ntheir own sect, the propriety of no longer employing slaves, or at least, to\\ncease from further importation of them but it does not appear that the ex-\\nample was followed by other classes or denominations of Christians. (Gor-\\ndon s New Jersey.)\\nThe instructions to Lord Cornbury from her majesty Queen Anne, were\\nof such a character, that any disposition felt to put a stop to the traffic in\\nslaves must have been effectually checked. The Royal African Company\\nwas particularly brought to the notice of the governor as deserving his en-\\ncouragement, and the instructions then proceed And whereas we are\\nwilling to recommend unto the said company, that the said province may\\nhave a constant and sufficient supply of merchantable negroes, at moderate\\nrates, in money or commodities so you are to take especial care that pay-\\nment be duly made, and within a competent time, according to agreement.\\nThe Concessions of the West Jersey proprietors were very similarly worded, but\\nor slaves were omitted.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "OUTLINE HISTORY. 39\\nAnd you are to take care that there be no trading from our said province\\nto any place in Africa within the charter of the Royal African Company,\\notherwise than prescribed by an act of parliament, entitled an act to settle\\nthe trade of Africa. And you are yearly to give unto us an account of\\nwhat number of negroes our said province is yearly supplied with, and at\\nwhat rates. (Smith s New Jersey, p. 254.)\\nThe returns, here directed to be made, if they are yet preserved in the\\narchives of England, can alone determine to what extent the traffic was en-\\ngaged in by the people of New Jersey. The writer has heard of barracks\\nof considerable size that once stood in Perth Amboy, in which the slaves were\\nimmured as imported and there, as in almost every place, the labor of\\nfamilies, with very few exceptions, was exclusively performed by blacks for\\nmany years previous to the revolution. In 1757, a young gentleman in\\nEngland, writing to his father in New Jersey, begs that he may be favored\\nwith a young negro boy to present to a brother of the then Duke of Grafton,\\nto whom he was under obligations, as a present of that kind would be very\\nacceptable.\\nThere are notices to be found of two or three risings that disturbed\\nthe peace of the province. One occurred in the eastern division, in the vi-\\ncinity of the Raritan, early in the year 1734, in consequence of which one\\nnegro (if not more) was hung. The design of the insurrection was to ob-\\ntain their freedom, (kept from them they believed contrary to the express\\ndirections of the king,) by a general massacre, and then join the Indians in\\nthe interest of the French. That they were at that time numerous in the\\nprovince is pretty evident, as is also the fact that, although generally treated\\nwith kindness and humanity, there was a severity of discipline and rigor of\\nlaw exercised towards them which must ever exist to a greater or less de-\\ngree wherever slavery is found. The newspapers contain frequent allusions\\nto crimes and punishments in which the offence and its consequence are\\nbrought into astonishing proximity, burning alive being a punishment fre-\\nquently resorted to.* Perth Amboy was the scene of one of these judicial\\nmurders on the 5th July, 1750, the victims, two in number, suffering in two\\nweeks after the commission of their offence, which was the murder of their\\nmistress. The negroes were all summoned from their several homes to wit-\\nness the execution, in order that they might be deterred from similar enor-\\nmities, and the day was long remembered.\\nThe act under which these and other negroes were tried and condemned\\nwas passed in March, 1714, which provided for trials for murder and other\\ncapital offences before three or more justices and five principal freeholders\\nof the county, the pains of death to be suffered in such manner as the ag-\\ngravation or enormity of their crimes (in the judgment of the said justices\\nand freeholders) shall merit and require; (Neville s Laws, I. p. 19:) and\\nalthough the mode of trial was changed in 1768, even then the manner in\\nwhich death should be inflicted was not specified.\\nIn 1772 an insurrection was anticipated, but was prevented by due pre-\\ncautionary measures. In connection with this rising, a sort of colonization\\nabolitionist made his appearance in the public prints, urging the passage\\nAn instance of this is recorded in the New York Gazette of 28th January, 1733.\\nA negro attempted an assault upon a white woman on Friday 20th he was tried, con-\\nvicted by summary process, and was burnt alive on Thursday 26th. In 1741, the ne-\\ngro plot, which had its existence only in the panic-stricken minds of the people of\\nNew York, caused many executions both by hanging and burning.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "40 OUTLINE HISTORY.\\nof a law, by parliament, obliging the owners of slaves to send them all back\\nto Africa at their own expense. Z-\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nIn 1713 an act was passed, for a limited period, levying a duty upon\\nevery negro imported, which was permitted to expire, and no attempt was\\nmade to renew the duty until September, 1762. An act was then passed,\\nbut, having a suspending clause, was, for certain reasons, never laid before\\nthe king by the lords of trade. The duty it imposed was forty shillings in\\nthe eastern, and six pounds in the western division an inequality obviated\\nin subsequent laws passed in June, 1767, and November, 1769 the for-\\nmer was limited to two years, the latter to ten, and it consequently remained\\nin force until the revolution severed the connection with Great Britain.\\nThe amount of duty laid by these acts was fifteen pounds proclamation\\nmoney, to be paid by the purchaser of every slave.\\nOn the 24 February, 1820, the act was passed which gave freedom to\\nevery child born of slave parents subsequent to 4th of July, 1804, the males\\non arriving at twenty-five years, and the females at twenty-one years of\\nage and under the operation of this act slavery has almost disappeared\\nfrom the state of New Jersey. Previous to its passage the number of slaves\\nhad materially diminished. There were in the state in\\n1790 11,428\\n1800 12,422\\n1810 10,851\\n1829 7,557\\n1830 2,254\\n1840... 674\\nBOUNTIES ON WILD BEASTS.\\nIn June, 1682, a bounty of fifteen shillings per head for wolves was\\noflfered by each county, and fifteen shillings additional were paid by the\\ntown within whose limits the animals might be killed excepting the towns\\nin Somerset, where seven shillings were paid. In 1695 these bounties were\\nrepealed, and it was left to the discretion of each town to adopt such measures\\nas might be necessary to exterminate the wolves.\\nGeneral legislation, however, was again resorted to, in March, 1714,\\nand the bounty was extended to panthers and red foxes. A certificate for\\nthe heads of three of the latter is in the possession of the writer, worded as\\nfollows\\nThese are to Certifie That Thomas Warn hath brought unto me the\\nheads of two Red Foxes, and William Carhart one, from which the eares\\nwere Cutt off as the Law Requires, for which you are to pay to them as by\\nLaw appointed. Witness my hand this twelfth day of February Anno\\nDomini 1714 5. THOMAS GORDON, Just. Quo.\\nTo Col. Parker, Collector of the County of Middlesex, these.\\nIn July, 1730, another law was passed repealing this, so far as the\\nfoxes were concerned, and fixing the bounty for a full-grown wolf at twen-\\nty shillings for a whelp not able to prey, five and for panthers, fifteen\\nshillings. But these being found insufficient, they were increased, in 1751,\\nto sixty shillings for wolves, and ten shillings for whelps.\\nTHE FISHERIES.\\nThe advantages afforded by the fisheries of the province were always\\ndwelt upon, in the various publications of the proprietors and whaling es-\\npecially was expected to prove exceedingly profitable. Samuel Groome,", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "OUTLINE HISTORY. 41\\nin order to effect the establishment of this branch of commerce, was very\\nanxious for a speedy arrangement with the Indians, whereby the lands near\\nBarnegat might be secured and along the whole coast whales and seals\\nwere frequently seen, the latter venturing even into the harbor of Amboy.\\nVanderdonck, in his Description of the New Netherlands, says the whales\\nwould not compare in fatness with those of Greenland, but they are nu-\\nmerous in the winter on the coast and in the bay, where they frequently\\nground on the shoals and bars. De Vries, however, who engaged in the\\nwhale-fishery during one of his voyages on the coast, in 1632-33, pro-\\nnounced the business an unprofitable one.\\nPrevious to the purchase by the twenty-four proprietors, attempts were\\nmade to establish the whale-fishery on a permanent footing but with what\\nsuccess is uncertain. On the 15th February, 1668, a commission was\\ngranted to a company in Elizabethtown to take whales, c, for three\\nyears, and all other persons prohibited from doing so, for one-twentieth part\\nof the oil in casks and should Staten Island fall within the province, a town\\nfor twenty-four families was to be granted the company, at some convenient\\nplace. While this grant was in force, a whale was cast ashore at Never-\\nsink, and delivered up to the company. On the 14th February, 1678, a\\nsimilar commission was granted to another company at the same place.\\nIn 1684, we are told that some persons were engaged in whaling upon\\nthe coast, and that large quantities of fish were caught in all the rivers\\nwith long sives, or nets and that one sive would secure from one to two\\nbarrels of fish, which the inhabitants salted for their own use. Gawen\\nLaurie was instructed to encourage the whale-fishery and, for fear that\\nfishermen might be drawn elsewhere, he was authorized to make use of the\\nproprietors effects in furthering the object. We have no information, how-\\never, of any particular movement toward its establishment at that time and\\nit appears subsequently to have ceased being regarded as a business spe-\\ncially adapted to the inhabitants of the province. The writer has in his\\npossession, however, a letter dated at Amboy, July 4th, 1755, in which the\\narrival of a sloop, with one whale, is alluded to, in terms that indicate her\\nhaving been out on a regular whaling voyage.\\nROADS, TRAVELLING, ETC.\\nPrevious to 1675 and 1676, when the legislature adopted some general\\nregulations for the opening of roads, the only road laid out by Europeans,\\nwithin the limits of New Jersey, appears to have been that by which the\\nDutch at New Amsterdam communicated with the settlements on the Dela-\\nware. It ran from Elizabethtown Point, or its neighborhood, to where New\\nBrunswick now stands and was probably the same as that now (widened\\nand improved) known as the old road between those places. At New\\nBrunswick, the river was forded at low water, and the road thence ran al-\\nmost in a straight line to the Delaware, (above where Trenton is now situ-\\nated,) which was also forded. This was called the upper road, to distin-\\nguish it from ihe lower road, which branched off about five or six miles\\nfrom the Raritan, took a sweep toward the east, and arrived at the Delaware\\nat the site of the present Burlington. These roads, however, were very\\nlittle more than foot-paths, and so continued for many years, affording facil-\\nities to horsemen and pedestrians principally. Even as late as 1716, when\\na ferry had been established at New Brunswick for twenty years, provision\\nwas only made, in the rates allowed by the assembly, for horse and man,\\n6", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "42 OUTLINE HISTORY.\\nand single person. Previous to that time, however, the road had been im-\\nproved, and was considered the main thoroughfare to Pennsylvania for, in\\n1695, the innkeepers at Piscataway, Woodbridge, and Elizabethtown, were\\nmade subject to taxation, for five years, to prevent its falling into decay.\\nThe sum required annually to keep this road in repair, at that time, was\\nonly ten pounds. An opposition road was opened by the proprietaries, in\\nthe hope of drawing the principal travelling to their seat of government\\nbut without success. They express a wish to Deputy-governor Laurie, in\\nJuly, 1683, that it might be discovered whether there may not a convenient\\nroad be found betwixt Perthtown (Perth Amboy) and Burlington, for the en-\\ntertaining of a land conveyance that way. This was done by Laurie the\\nensuing year, and he connected with the road a ferry-boat, to run between\\nAmboy and New York, to entertain travellers. Finding however that\\nthe other road continued to be preferred, Gov. Basse, in 1698, was directed\\nto bring the matter before the assembly, and have an act passed that would\\ncause the public road to pass through the port-town of Perth Amboy,\\nfrom New York and New England to West Jersey and Pennsylvania but\\nBasse s authority was of such limited duration that nothing was done.\\nSuch were the two routes travelled between New York and Philadelphia,\\nunder the proprietary government; but no public conveyance for the trans-\\nportation of either goods or passengers existed on either. One Dellaman\\nwas permitted by Gov. Hamilton to drive a wagon on the Amboy road, but\\nhad no regular prices or set time for his trips.\\nIn April, 1707, the assembly, enumerating their grievances to Lord\\nCornbury, complained that patents had been granted to individuals to trans-\\nport goods on the road from Burlington to Amboy, for a certain number of\\nyears, to the exclusion of others; which was deemed not only contrary to\\nthe statute respecting monopolies, but also destructive to that freedom\\nwhich trade and commerce ought to have. The governor, in his reply,\\ngives us an insight into the facilities afforded by this wagon. After stating\\nthe difficulties which had previously attended the carriage of goods upon\\nthe road, he says, At present, everybody is sure, once a fortnight, to have\\nan opportunity of sending any quantity of goods, great or small, at reason-\\nable rates, without being in danger of imposition and the settling of this\\nwagon is so far from being a grievance or a monopoly, that by this means, and\\nno other, a trade has been carried on between Philadelphia, Burlington, Am-\\nboy, and New York, which was never known before, and in all probability\\nnever would have been. As none of the grievances suffered under Lord\\nCornbury s administration were removed until his recall, in 1710, it is prob-\\nable this wagon continued to perform its journey once a fortnight till then,\\nif no longer. Soon after, however, the road seems to have been more open\\nto competition.\\nThe first advertisement respecting the transportation on this route, which\\nI have met with, is in Andrew Bradford s Philadelphia Mercury, of March,\\n1732-33. It is as follows\\nThis is to give notice unto Gentlemen, Merchants, Tradesmen, Travellers, and\\nothers, that Solomon Smith and James Moore of Burlington: keepeth two Stage\\nWagons intending to go from Burlington to Amboy, and back from Amboy to Burling-\\nton again, Once every Week or offt er if that Business presents. They have also a very\\ngood store house, very Commodious for the Storing of any sort of Merchants Goods free\\nfrom any Charges, where good Care will be taken of all sorts of Goods.\\nAbout this time, also, a line ran by the way of New Brunswick, and in\\n1734 the first line via Bordentown was established, running from South", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "OUTLINE HISTORY. 43\\nriver, the proprietor of which would be at New York once a week, if wind\\nand weather permit, and come to the Old-slip.\\nIn 1744, the stage-wagons between New Brunswick and Trenton ran\\ntwice a week.\\nIn October, 1750, a new line was established, the owner of which re-\\nsided at Perth Amboy. He informed all gentlemen and ladies who have\\noccasion to transport themselves, goods, wares, or merchandise, from New\\nYork to Philadelphia, that he had a stage-boat well fitted for the purpose,\\nwhich, wind and weather permitting, (that never-forgotten proviso,) would\\nleave New York every Wednesday for the ferry at Amboy on Thursday,\\nwhere, on Friday, a stage-wagon would be ready toproceed immediately to Bor-\\ndentown where they would take another stage-boat to Philadelphia nothing\\nbeing said (very wisely) of the time when they might expect to arrive there.\\nHe states, however, that the passages are made in forty-eight hours less time\\nthan by any other line. This was probably the case, for the route was so\\nwell patronized that, in 1752, they carried passengers twice a week instead\\nof once, endeavoring to use people in the best manner; keeping them, be\\nit observed, from five to seven days on the way\\nThe success of this line seems to have led to an opposition, in 1751,\\noriginating in Philadelphia; which professed to go through in twenty-four or\\nthirty hours, but which nevertheless appears to have required the same num-\\nber of days as the other. Great dependence was placed upon the attrac-\\ntions of the passage-boat between Amboy and New York, described as hav-\\ning a fine commodious cabin, fitted up with a tea-table, and sundry other articles.\\nIn 1756, a stage line between Philadelphia and New York, via Tren-\\nton and Perth Amboy, was established, intended to run through in three days.\\nThis was followed, in 1765, by another to start twice a week but nine\\nyears had worked no increase of speed. The following year a third line\\nof good stage-wagons, with the seats set on springs, was set up, to go\\nthrough in two days in summer, and three in winter. These wagons were\\nmodestly called Flying Machines, and the title soon became a favorite\\nwith all the stage proprietors. These lines ran, I believe, by the way of\\nBlazing Star ferry, and put an end to the transportation of passengers on\\nthe old Amboy route.\\nFrom 1765 to 1768, attempts were made by the legislature to raise\\nfunds, by lottery, for shortening and improving the great thoroughfares but\\nwithout success. Gov. Franklin, alluding to them, in a speech to the as-\\nsembly, in 1768, states that even those which lie between the two principal\\ntrading cities in North America are seldom passable, without danger or dif-\\nficulty. Such being the condition of the roads, it was a great improvement\\nto have John Mersereau s flying machine, in 1772, leave Paulus Hook\\nthree times a week, with a reasonable expectation that passengers would\\narrive in Philadelphia in one day and a half. This time, however, was\\nprobably found too short, for two days were required by him in 1773-74.\\nu The mails, being carried on horseback, moved at this time with rather great-\\ner speed than passengers but they had been a long time acquiring it. To\\nCol. John Hamilton, son of Gov. Andrew Hamilton, of New Jersey, (him-\\nself at one time acting governor, as president of the council,) were the colo-\\nnies indebted for devising the scheme by which the post-office was established.\\nThis was about the year 1694. He obtained a patent for it, and afterward\\nsold his right to the crown. It is presumed that an attempt was soon made\\nto carry the mails regularly; but speed was little regarded.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "44 OUTLINE HISTORY.\\nIn 1704, in the pleasant month of May, a New York paper says, l the\\nlast storm put our Pennsylvania post a week behind, and is not yet com d in.\\nIn 1717, advices from Boston to Williamsburg, in Virginia, were com-\\npleted in four weeks, from March to December, and in double that time in\\nthe other months of the year; but there is some probability that the mails\\nsouth of Philadelphia did not continue to be carried regularly some time\\nthereafter.\\nAbout 1720, the post set out from Philadelphia every Friday, left let-\\nters at Burlington and Perth Amboy, and arrived at New York on Sunday\\nnight leaving there Monday morning, on its peregrinations eastward.\\nIn 1722, a Philadelphia paper states that the New York post was three\\ndays behind his time, and not yet arrived.\\nIn 1729, the mail between the two cities went once a week in summer,\\nand once a fortnight in winter and this continued to be the case till 1754,\\nwhen Dr. Franklin became superintendent, and improved the condition of\\nthe post-office materially. In October, notice is given that until Christmas\\nthe post would leave the two cities three times a week, at eight o clock, A. M.,\\nand arrive the next day at about five o clock, P. M. making thirty-three\\nhours. After Christmas, being frequently delayed in crossing New York\\nbay, (the route was via Blazing Star ferry,) it would leave only twice a\\nweek. Further improvements were made in following years, and in 1764,\\nif weather permitted, the mails were to leave every alternate day, and\\ngo through in less than twenty-four hours and such was the rate at which\\nthey travelled until the revolution put a stop to their regular transmission.\\nIn 1791, there were only six offices in New Jersey Newark, Eliza-\\nbethtown, Bridgetown, (now Rahway,) Brunswick, Princeton, and Trenton.\\nThe total of their receipts, for the year ending October 5th, 1791, was $530,\\nof which the postmasters received $108.20 leaving $421.80 as the nett\\nrevenue.\\nFIRST PRINTING PRINTERS, ETC.\\nThe first newspaper printed in New Jersey was the New Jersey Ga-\\nzette, the publication of which was commenced Dec. 5th, 1777. Imprint\\nBurlington, printed by Isaac Collins. All persons may be supplied with\\nthis Gazette at twenty-six shillings per annum. Advertisements of a moder-\\nate length are inserted for seven shillings and six-pence each the first week,\\nand two shillings and sir-pence for every continuance and long ones in pro-\\nportion. It was printed on a folio sheet about one foot by eight inches.\\nIt was discontinued in 1786. Before this period, however, a magazine of\\nsome note was published at Woodbridge, in Middlesex county. It was\\nstyled The American Magazine, was the first periodical in the province,\\nand only the second monthly magazine of the kind on the continent. The\\nfirst number appeared in January, 1758, and it continued to be issued\\nmonthly until March, 1760, when it was discontinued for want of patronage,\\nand some years thereafter many copies were sold in sheets by the printer\\nas waste paper. Each number contained about forty pages octavo, and in\\nvariety and interest it will compare with many modern publications in good\\nrepute. A history of America and a traveller s diary, were published in con-\\nnection with each number, paged separately, in order to form distinct vol-\\numes at the end of each year. The appellation new, was to distinguish\\nit from its only predecessor, at Philadelphia, which, however, it superseded,", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "OUTLINE HISTORY. 45\\nthe publication being immediately relinquished on the appearance of this\\nnew competitor. The writer has never met with any of these magazines\\nsave in the New York Historical Library, and one volume which is in his\\nown possession probably but few others exist.\\nThe New American Magazine was edited by the Hon. Samuel Neville,\\nof Perth Amboy, under the cognomen of Syhanus Americanus, and printed\\nby James Parker and the two gentlemen who were thus instrumental in\\nthe introduction of a periodical literature into the province, certainly merit\\na place in the remembrance of Jerseymen.\\nSamuel Neville had received a liberal education in England, and pre-\\nvious to his coming to America, had been editor of the London Morning\\nPost. Even the few memorials that are now to be found of him, indicate\\nthe possession of character and talents of no ordinary kind. Becoming in-\\nterested in the soil of New Jersey from a connection by marriage with the\\nSonmans, (who were large proprietors and deeply involved in the concerns\\nof the province at one time,) he came over about 1735, and settled at Perth\\nAmboy, then the capital of the eastern division. He soon rose to eminence,\\nand became a judge of the court of common pleas, mayor of Amboy, (then\\nno trifling station,) second judge of the supreme court of the province, and\\nfdled several other important offices to the credit of himself, it is believed,\\nand to the satisfaction of the government and the well-disposed among the\\npeople. He was a member at various times of the provincial assembly,\\nand one of its strenuous supporters during the dissensions which occurred\\nin Governor Morris s administration he was equally energetic in upholding\\nthe eastern proprietors in their difficulties with the rioters at Elizabethtown\\nand Newark, and so exasperated were the latter against him in consequence\\nof the ability displayed in protecting the rights of the proprietors, that threats\\nof vengeance against him and his property were publicly made, failing in\\nexecution, we have every reason to believe, not through any want of will on\\nthe part of those who made them.\\nIn 1752, while holding the office of second judge of the supreme court,\\nMr. Neville published the first volume of an edition of the laws of the\\nprovince, in 2 vols, quarto, under the auspices of the provincial assembly,\\nthe second volume not appearing until 1761. This was a valuable service\\nto the province, simplifying greatly the labor of subsequent compilers. On\\nthe death of Chief-justice Morris, he would probably have been raised to\\nthe vacant bench, but the infirmities of age rendered the performance of its\\nduties impracticable. He died soon after, (October 27, 1764,) in the 67th\\nyear of his age, leaving a name unsullied by the slightest stain, so far as\\nthe writer can discover. His wife preceded him to the grave, dying in 1755,\\nand their simple headstones yet mark their places of sepulture in the yard\\nof the venerable Episcopal church at Amboy. They left no children. A\\nstranger to his blood and family, out of respect to the memory of a man\\nwhom he conceived worthy of a place among the eminent men of other days,\\nrecently caused the spot where his remains were deposited to be rescued\\nfrom the neglect and decay to which time had assigned it.\\nJames Parker, the printer of the New American Magazine, was the son\\nof Samuel Parker, of Woodbridge, and was born there in 1714. In 1725\\nhe was apprenticed to William Bradford, the first printer in New York, who\\nin that year commenced the publication of the New York Gazette. From some\\ncause, not now known, he ran aivay from his employer in May, 1733, and\\nwas advertised in the Gazette of the 21st of that month but we find him", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "4G OUTLINE HISTORY.\\nagain in New York, in good credit, and at the head of an establishment\\nhimself in less than nine years thereafter, and fostering no ill-will towards\\nBradford, to whom, at his death in 1752, he gives an excellent character in\\nan editorial article published in his paper. The New York Gazette having\\nbeen discontinued by Bradford, it was revived in the weekly Post Boy, by\\nMr. Parker, in 1742-3 where he had been residing previously is not\\nknown. This weekly sheet of folio foolscap, containing the freshest ad-\\nvices, foreign and domestic, advertisements, c, issued from his press for\\nmany years, and is now one of the few sources of original information,\\nwhence the antiquary and historian can obtain a knowledge of the olden\\ntime.\\nIn 1751 Mr. Parker established the first press in New Jersey at Wood-\\nbridge, and from time to time printed the proceedings of the legislature and\\nother official documents. In January, 1753, he commenced a partnership\\nwith William Weyman, which continued until January, 1759, he residing\\nmost of the time in Woodbridge, attending to the interests of the press there,\\nwhich he conducted on his own account but the limits of a newspaper ar-\\nticle will not admit of an extended notice of Mr. Parker s business connections.\\nIn 1752 the Independent Reflector, edited by William Livingston\\nafterward governor of New Jersey and others, was printed by Parker and\\nWeyman but the fear of men in authority, whose ire might be excited by\\nits independent character, led the former to decline the responsibility of its\\ncontinued publication. Although he remained connected with the presses\\nin New York, he resided principally at Woodbridge, where, in 1758, he\\nprinted the magazine which has been noticed. In 1755 a partnership with\\nJohn Holt, (who subsequently removed to New York and attended to the\\nbusiness there,) led to the establishment of a press at New Haven, from\\nwhich the Connecticut Gazette, the frst newspaper in that province, was\\nissued.\\nIn 1761 he printed the second volume of Neville s compilation of the\\nlaws of New Jersey,* the imprint being Woodbridge in New Jersey.\\nPrinted by James Parker, printer to the king s most excellent majesty, for\\nthe province. In 1762 the press in New York was leased to Holt, but\\nMr. Parker resumed it in 1766, in connection with his son, (Samuel F.) and\\nit was carried on by them until a few months before the death of the father\\nin 1770. In 1764 Mr. Parker compiled and printed a Conductor Gener-\\nalis for justices of the peace, he then holding that office in Middlesex coun-\\nty, and the following year moved his press from Woodbridge to Burlington,\\nfor the accommodation of the author of the History of New Jersey, (Smith,)\\nbut on the completion of the work it was returned to the former place\\nTwice was Mr. Parker brought before the assembly of New York for\\nprinting matter reflecting upon some of the pillars of the state, and\\nobliged to give up the authors, to pay fines, be confined, c. but, al\\nthough he may have been rendered more cautious, it is doubtful if hi?\\nsentiments in favor of the rights of the people were changed by such\\nlogic. It would seem that he was ever an opponent to the oppression of the\\n1 higher powers, which in his day was too apt to be exercised. He died\\nJuly 2d, 1770.\\nThomas, in his History of Printing, states that he printed these laws in 1752\\nthe first volume was given to the public in that year, but all the copies tiie writer has\\nseen bear the imprint of Wm. Bradford, printer to the lung s most excellent majesty,\\n,c.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "OUTLINE HISTORY.\\n47\\nHe had been long an invalid, and obliged to retire from business in a\\ngreat measure for a considerable time before his death, which occurred at\\nBurlington while residing there for the benefit of his health. He was a\\ncorrect and neat printer, understanding his business perfectly, and at his\\ndeath his contemporaries gave him credit for possessing a sound judgment\\nand extensive knowledge, for industrious habits, integrity, benevolence of\\nheart, and fairness of character. His career was certainly one of great and\\nextensive usefulness. He was for some years postmaster in New York,\\nperforming its duties while carrying on his business in that city, which, of\\nitself, one would think, would have been sufficient to engross all his time\\nfor no one, unacquainted with the avocations of a printer in these days, can\\nform an idea of the time which was devoted to the service of his customers.\\nIf a man had a horse or cow to sell a house to rent a vessel to freight\\na servant to hire, c, c. he referred to the printer and it is amusing\\nto look over the columns of the Post Boy and see the strange variety of em-\\nployments, pursuits, wants, and notices, to which Mr. Parker was made a\\nparty. At the time of his death he was comptroller and secretary of the\\npost-office for the northern district of the British colonies, and held several\\nlocal offices. Great respect was manifested towards his remains on their\\nway from Burlington to Woodbridge for burial. The New York Journal\\nof July 5, 1770, states that his remains were attended for five miles out of\\nBurlington by a considerable number of gentlemen of that place, and at\\nAmboy met by a like number who attended the corpse to Woodbridge, where\\na numerous congregation assembled at his house, and about six o clock he\\nwas interred near his parents,* in the meeting-house yard. The service was\\nperformed by the Rev. Mr. Preston, minister of the church at Amboy.\\nThe writer is indebted to Thomas s History of Printing a valuable,\\nthough now a rare work on the typography of America, the only one on\\nthe subject for most of the facts detailed in the foregoing notice of Mr.\\nParker. The most light, however, is thrown upon his character by his own\\nnewspapers and those of his contemporaries.\\nPRICES, PROFITS, CURRENCY, ETC\\nFrom various sources, the following statements, relative to the value of\\nproduce, have been obtained those for the earlier years containing the\\nprices established by authority\\n1668.\\nWinter. wheat, per bush. 5s.\\nSummer-wheat, 4s. 6d.\\nPeas, 3s. 6d.\\nIndian corn, 3s.\\nRye, 4s.\\n1678.\\n4s.\\n6d. 1\\nIs.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a22s.\\n6d.\\n3s.\\n6d.\\n1668.\\nBarley, per bushel, 4s.\\nBeef, per pound, 2d.\\nDo. per bbl. (1675,) 50s.\\nPork, per pound, 3|d.\\nDo. per bbl. (1675,) 70s.\\n1678.\\n3s. 6d.\\n2d.\\n40s.\\n3d.\\n60s.\\nIn 1675, tried tallow 6d. per lb. green hides 3d. per lb. dry hides\\n6d. per lb. good tobacco 4d. good baeon 6d.\\nIn 1677, ordinary-keepers were authorized to charge for strong\\nliquors, retailed by the gill, not exceeding 10s. 8d. per gallon per quart\\n2s. 6d. Good wine was to be 7s. per gallon cider 4d. per quart meals,\\nThe head-stone of the father is yet standing, but there is nothing to designate the\\napot where the remains of the first printer in New Jersey were deposited.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "43 OUTLINE HISTORY.\\neach, 8d. oats 9d. per peck pasture of horse 6d. per day by the week,\\nin summer, Is. 6d. in winter Is. 8d.\\nIn 1684, Deputy Gov. Lawrie states that pork and beef were 2d. per\\npound wheat 4s. per bushel Indian wheat (corn) 2s. 6d. venison Is. 6d.\\nper quarter, or Id. per pound eggs 3d. per dozen oats 20d. barley 2s.\\nmutton 3d. per pound. Their currency, at that time, was one fiftli more\\nthan sterling to reduce the foregoing prices, therefore, to sterling money,\\none fifth must be deducted. Servants wages were not under 2s. per day,\\nbesides victuals and at Perth Amboy, where buildings were going up, they\\nwere 2s. 6d.\\nIn 1683, twenty-eight per cent, is stated to be the usual profit on goods\\nbrought from England but Samuel Groome observes, when I pay work-\\nmen and laborers, I pay them in goods rated cent, per cent., New York\\nmoney. But then I must pay them two or three parts silver.\\nThe currency of New Jersey, throughout the whole of its colonial ex-\\nistence, was of a much more stable character than that of the neighboring\\nprovinces so that we at no time meet with such a state of things as is de-\\nscribed in the following extract from Madam Knight s Journal. She refers\\nto Connecticut, in 1704. They give the title of merchant to every trader,\\nwho rate their goods according to the time and specie they pay in, viz pay,\\nmoney, pay as money, and trust. Pay is grain, pork, beef, c, at the\\nprices set by the general court that year money is of eight rials, or\\nBoston-bay shillings, (as they call them,) or good hard money, as sometimes\\nsilver coin is termed by them also wampum, (viz. Indian beads,) which\\nserve for change pay as money is provisions, as aforesaid, one third\\ncheaper than as the general court sets it and trust is as they and the\\nmerchant may agree for time. Of course the price of evei*y article varied\\nwith the difference in pay.\\nIn November, 1764, the heads of nearly fifty families, in and about\\nElizabethtown, entered into an engagement to retrench the usual unneces-\\nsary expenses of funerals and mourning, as the giving of scarfs, gloves,\\nand liquor, at funerals, and wearing black apparel as mourning nothing\\nbut a black crape round the arm being allowed for the future. The follow-\\ning September, Thomas Clark, Esq., one of the judges of the county, was\\nburied according to the new mode, none of his relations or friends appear-\\ning in mourning, and no liquor being given at the funeral. This was one\\nof the economical measures adopted in anticipation of the troubles of the\\nrevolution and in 1765 it was concurred in by the best families in New\\nYork, Boston, and Philadelphia.\\nContinental Money. A witty old gentleman, who kept an account of its\\nrapid depreciation, used to say that a fast-trotting horse could not keep pace\\nwith it. An old merchant, who preserved a scale of its depreciation,\\ngave it as follows, to wit\\nValue of $100 in Specie, in Continental Money.\\n1777. 1778. 1779. 1780. 1781:\\nJanuary,\\n105\\n325\\n742\\n2934\\n7400\\nFebruary,\\n107\\n350\\n868\\n3322\\n7500\\nMarch,\\n109\\n370\\n1000\\n3736\\n0000\\nApril,\\n112\\n400\\n1104\\n4000\\nMay,\\n115\\n400\\n1215\\n4600\\nJune,\\n120\\n400\\n1312\\n6400\\nJuly,\\n125\\n425\\n1477\\n8900\\nAugust,\\n150\\n450\\n1630\\n7000", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "OUTLINE HISTORY. 49\\n1781.\\n1777.\\n1778.\\n1779.\\n1780.\\nSeptember,\\n175\\n475\\n1800\\n7100\\nOctober,\\n275\\n500\\n2030\\n7200\\nNovember,\\n300\\n545\\n2308\\n7300\\nDecember,\\n310\\n634\\n2593\\n7400\\nNothing J\\nFrom an original bill of my friend Col. Allan McLanc,* a purchase of 1781, to wit:\\nCapt. A. McLane Bo t of W. Nicholls\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nJan. 5, 1781 1 pair boots $600\\n6| yds. calico, at 85 ds. 752\\n6 yds. chintz, at 150 d. 900\\n4\u00c2\u00a3 yds. moreen, at 100 d. 450 50\\n4 hdkfs. at 110 400\\n8 yds. quality binding, $4 32\\n1 skein of siik 10\\nIf paid in specie, \u00c2\u00a318 10a. $3,144 50\\nRcc d payment in full, for Wm. Nicholls Jona. Jones.\\nIn 1682, the pay of members of assembly was fixed at four shillings\\nper day, and the following year it was decreed that they should be fined\\nJive shillings per day when absent. In 1686, the pay was reduced to three\\nshillings, to be paid in money, pork, or corn being desirous to ease the\\ncharge of the country in paying great salaries, as much as in us lies. In\\n1698, the pay was increased to Jive shillings, and councillors were to have\\nsix. The Bergen members were allowed pay for two days travel, going\\nand returning, and those from other counties for one day excepting the\\nmembers from Woodbridge and Amboy, who received no allowance. The\\npay of the governor was at first only fifty pounds, with four shillings a day\\nextra during the sessions of the assembly.\\nREMARKABLE OCCURRENCES.\\nIn November this year, [1737] came to these provinces, by land from\\nBoston, (where he had arrived from London,) Sheck Scidit, a native of\\nBerytus, in Syria, (about sixty miles north of Jerusalem.) He was said to\\nbe prince of Syria but the credentials he produced under the sign-manual\\nand privy signet, called him Unus ex nobilibus civitatis Berytus having\\nletters of safe passport, and recommendation to the charity of those where\\nhe passed.\\nHe was reported to have suffered much for his religion in his own\\ncountry, being by profession a member of the eastern church, though situ-\\nate under the Mahometan or Turkish government, and a tributary prince of\\nthat empire. His pretence was\\nThat a greater quota of soldiers was exacted from him than he was\\nable to furnish, having other tribute to pay, and his country, by several\\nyears distress from locusts, and blasts of other kind, so impoverished, that\\nboth quota and tribute could not be collected that the grand seignior taking\\numbrage at this, sent for his head of which he, by means of the Czarian\\nembassador, having received private intelligence, fled to the Czarina s court;\\nthat in the mean time his country was seized, and his wife and children\\nkept prisoners while there, the Czarina gave him expectations, that in her\\ntreaty with the Turks, she would take care and provide for him when peace\\nwas made that after some stay at the Russian court, he obtained letters\\nrecommendatory to their embassador at London and being by this means\\nFather of the late secretary 6f the treasury.\\n7", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "50 OUTLINE HISTORY.\\ntaken notice of, he obtained the credentials aforesaid, with which he trav-\\nelled through most of the corporations in England, where it was thought he\\ncollected two thirds or three fourths of what was due from him to the grand\\nseignior but was nevertheless encouraged to come to America, where he\\nalso received considerable.\\nContributions were made for him in New York and New Jersey he was\\neverywhere received with distinguished respect it was said he received\\nfrom the different congregations in and about Philadelphia, two hundred and\\nfifty pounds.\\nHe was a well-proportioned, lusty man, with a grave aspect, and\\nclothed after the eastern manner, with a turban on his head, and wore\\nwhiskers, spoke and wrote the Arabic language his conversation and de-\\nportment were graceful and easy, and seemed to bespeak him of a noble\\neducation.\\nAt Philadelphia he met with a handsome entertainment, his expenses\\nwere borne while he stayed, and provision was made for him in the vessel\\nhe went. Smith s History of New Jersey.\\nIn the summer of this year, [1749] three natives of Greenland passed\\nthrough the province, dressed in seal-skins, with the hair on after the man-\\nner of their own country they were two young men and a young woman,\\nconverted to the Christian religion by the Moravian missionaries they had\\nleft Greenland about two years before in a Moravian ship, (which had car-\\nried a house ready framed, for worship, to be erected there, that country\\naffording no wood for building,) and had since visited the brethren in seve-\\nral parts of Europe as England, Holland, and Germany. Their eyes\\nand hair were black, like the Indians here but their complexion somewhat\\nlighter. Two Indian converts from the Moravian mission at Berbiee, near\\nSurinam, were also with them they together went to the Moravian set-\\ntlement at Bethlehem, in Pennsylvania there they met with some Dela-\\nware and Mohickon Indians, converts also of the Moravians and though\\ntheir native lands are so vastly remote as the latitude of 5, 41, and 65\\nnorth, yet what they observed of each other s hair, eyes, and complexion,\\nconvinced them that they were all of the same race they could find, how-\\never, no similitude in their several languages.\\nIn November, 1726, a small earthquake was felt; it began between the\\nhours of ten and eleven at night. Smith s History of New Jersey.\\nSeptember 5th, 1732, about noon a small shock of an earthquake was\\nfelt. Smith s History of New Jersey.\\nThe 7th December, this year, [1737] at night, was a large shock of an\\nearthquake, accompanied with a remarkable rumbling noise people waked\\nin their beds, the doors flew open, bricks fell from the chimneys the con-\\nsternation was serious, but happily no great damage ensued. Smith s\\nHistory of New Jersey.\\nAbout the 22d of the month called February, [1741] appeared to these\\nprovinces, in the east, and continued upwards of six weeks, a comet or\\nblazing star, with a long bright tail it was supposed to be near the equi-\\nnoctial at its first appearance, but moved five degrees near north in twenty-\\nfour hours, and continued moving till it disappeared toward the last it\\nwas very much increased in length of tail and bigness. S?7iith s History\\nof Neiv Jersey.\\nThe 18th of November, [1755] at four o clock in the morning, was a\\nconsiderable shock of an earthquake, which lasted about two minutes; the", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "OUTLINE HISTORY. 51\\nweather for seven days successively before, had been remarkably clear and\\nstill, and all that night was so, with a clear full moonshine the two days\\nfollowing continued also very still and clear, not a cloud to be seen till to-\\nward evening of the second day after it happened. It did not begin with\\nso much of a rumbling noise as that in 1737, but was thought not to fall\\nshort in the concussion. Smith, s History of New Jersey.\\nThe 20th of the month called July, [1764] at about forty minutes past\\nseven in the evening, an uncommon ball of fire was seen in the northeast,\\nabout fifty degrees above the horizon it took its course nearly northwest\\nits diameter seemed as large or larger than the sun, especially at one time,\\nwhen it opened so as to seemingly separate. It appeared like sheets of fire\\ninclining together its sound as it went in some places, was said to resemble\\nthat of a great fire urged by a strong wind it kept near one height all the way,\\ntill it had crossed the meridian to the north about twenty degrees there a\\nsmall cloud seemed to attract it mounting higher, just as it approached the\\noutward edge of the cloud, it appeared to shatter into innumerable pieces.\\nSmith s History of New Jersey.\\nThe Rev. Mr. Sandel (says Mr. Clay in his Annals of the Swedes)\\nhas noticed some meteorological and other occurrences which happened in\\nhis time. He states, that on Michaelmas-day, the 10th of October, 1703, a\\nquantity of snow fell, that laid on the ground for twenty-four hours; and\\nthat the oldest people said such a thing had not before happened in their\\ntime. On the 18th of the same month, in the evening, a hurricane arose,\\nwhich did great damage. In Maryland and Virginia, many vessels were\\ncast away, several driven to sea, and no more heard of. Roofs of houses\\nwere torn off, and large trees blown down. The storm reached to England,\\nwhere also it was destructive.\\nIn 1704, in the latter part of November and December, and in Janua-\\nry, 1705, there were many great and lasting snow-storms. Few persons\\ncould remember so severe a winter.\\nThe winter of 1708 was very cold and it continued so very late. On\\nthe 5th of April the cold was so intense, that water thrown upon the ground\\nat noon immediately froze.\\nFor six weeks in June, July, and August of 1705, there was a great\\ndeal of bad weather.\\nThe beginning of 1714 was uncommonly warm. Mr. S. saw a wild-\\nflower in the woods on the 8th of February. The spring was also very\\nmild. Some rye was in the ear on the 10th of April.\\nThere was an appearance of locusts in 1715, of which Mr. Sandel has\\ngiven the following account In May, 1715, a multitude of locusts came\\nout of the ground everywhere, even on the solid roads. They were wholly\\ncovered with a shell, and it seemed very wonderful that they could with\\nthis penetrate the hard earth. Having come out of the earth, they crept\\nout of the shells, flew away, sat down on the trees, and made a peculiar\\nnoise until evening. Being spread over the country in such numbers, the\\nnoise they made was so loud that the cow-bells could scarcely be heard in\\nthe woods. They pierced the bark on the branches of trees, and deposited\\ntheir eggs in the opening. Many apprehended that the trees would wither\\nin consequence of this, but no symptom of it was observed next year. Hogs\\nand poultry fed on them. Even the Indians did eat them, especially when\\nthey first came, boiling them a little. This made it probable that they were", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "52 INDIAN HISTORY\\nof the same kind with those eaten by John the Baptist. They did not con-\\ntinue long, but died in the month of June.\\nThe same year was very fruitful. A bushel of wheat cost two shillings,\\nor two shillings and three-pence; a bushel of corn twenty-two pence j of\\nrye twenty pence. A barrel of cider cost six shillings.\\nHISTORY OF THE INDIANS IN NEW JERSEY.\\nIt would be vain to pretend to give a particular account of all\\nthe different tribes or nations of Indians that inhabited these prov-\\ninces before the Europeans came among them, there being proba-\\nbly a tribe in some parts for every ten or twenty miles, which were\\ncommonly distinguished by the names of creeks or other noted\\nplaces where they resided thus, there were the Assunpink,* the\\nRankokas,f the Mingo, the Andastaka, the Neshamine, and the\\nShackamaxon Indians and those about Burlington were called\\nthe Mantas ;J but these and others were all of them distinguished\\nfrom the back Indians, who were a more warlike people, by the\\ngeneral name of the Delawares. The nations most noted from\\nhome, that sometimes inhabited New Jersey, and the first settled\\nparts of Pennsylvania, were the Naraticongs, on the north side of\\nRaritan river, the Capitinasses, Gacheos, the Munseys, the pomp-\\ntons, the Senecas, and the Maquaas this last was the most nu-\\nmerous and powerful. Different nations were frequently at war\\nwith each other, of which husbandmen sometimes find remaining\\nmarks in their fields a little below the falls of Delaware on the\\nJersey side at Point-no-point in Pennsylvania, and several other\\nplaces, were banks that have been formerly thrown up for in-\\ntrenchments against incursions of the neighboring Indians, who, in\\ntheir canoes, used sometimes to go in warlike bodies from one prov-\\nince to another.\\nIt was customary with the Indians of West Jersey, when they\\nburied their dead, to put family utensils, bows and arrows, and\\nsometimes money (wampum) into the grave with them, as tokens\\nof their affection. When a person of note died far from the place\\nof his own residence, they would carry his bones to be buried there\\nthey washed and perfumed the dead, painted the face, and followed\\nsingly left the dead in a sitting posture, and covered the grave\\npyramidically. They were very curious in preserving and repair-\\ning the graves of their dead, and pensively visited them did not\\nlove to be asked their judgment twice about the same thing. They\\ngenerally delighted in mirth were very studious in observing the\\nStony Creek. t Lamikas, or Chichequas was the proper Indian name they\\ndid not pronounce the r at all.\\nFrogs a creek or two in Gloucester county are called Manta, or Mantau, from a\\nlarger tribe that resided there the Indians were probably both of the same stock.\\nThe Five Nations before the sixth was added but few of these had their residence\\nin New Jersey. They are supposed to have been sometimes in fishing seasons among\\nthe others here the Dutch called them Mahakuase.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "INDIAN HISTORY. 53\\nvirtues of roots and herbs, by which they usually cured themselves\\nof many bodily distempers, both by outward and inward applica-\\ntions they besides frequently used sweating, and the cold bath.*\\nThey had an aversion to beards and would not suffer them to\\ngrow, but plucked the hair out by the roots. The hair of their\\nheads was black, and generally shone with bear s fat, particularly\\nthat of the women, who tied it behind in a large knot sometimes\\nin a bag. They called persons and places by the names of things\\nremarkable, or birds, beasts, and fish as pea-hala, a duck cau~\\nhawuk, a goose quink-quink, a tit pulluppa, a buck shingas, a\\nwild-cat and they observed it as a rule, when the rattle-snake gave\\nnotice by his rattle before they approached, not to hurt him but\\nif he rattled after they had passed, they immediately returned and\\nkilled him. They were very loving to one another if several of\\nthem came to a Christian s house, and the master of it gave one of\\nthem victuals and none to the rest, he would divide it into equal\\nshares among his companions if the Christians visited them, they\\nwould give them the first cut of their victuals they would not eat\\nthe hollow of the thigh of any thing they killed. Their chief em-\\nployment was hunting, fishing, and fowling making canoes, bowls,\\nand other wooden and earthen ware in all which they were, con-\\nsidering the means, ingenious in their earthen bowls they boiled\\ntheir water. Their women s business chiefly consisted in planting\\nIndian corn, parching or roasting it, pounding it to meal in mortars,\\nor breaking it between stones, making bread, and dressing victuals\\nin which they were sometimes observed to be very neat and clean-\\nly, and sometimes otherwise they also made mats, ropes, hats, and\\nbaskets, (some very curious,) of wild hemp and roots, or splits of\\ntrees. Their young women were originally very modest and\\nshamefaced, and at marriageable ages distinguished themselves\\nwith a kind of worked mats, or red or blue bays, interspersed with\\nsmall rows of white and black wampum, or half rows of each in\\none, fastened to it, and then put round the head, down to near the\\nmiddle of the forehead. Both young and old women would be\\nhighly offended at indecent expressions, unless corrupted with\\ndrink. The Indians would not allow of mentioning the name of a\\nfriend after death. They sometimes streaked their faces with\\nblack, when in mourning but when their affairs went well they\\npainted red. They were great observers of the weather by the\\nmoon delighted in fine clothes were punctual in their bargains,\\nand observed this so much in others, that it was very difficult for a\\nperson who had once failed herein, to get any dealings with them\\nafterward. In their councils they seldom or never interrupted or\\nThe manner was first to inclose the patient in a narrow cabin, in the midst of\\nwhich was a red-hot stone this frequently wet with water, occasioned a warm vapor\\nthe patient, sufficiently wet with this and his own sweat, was hurried to the next creek\\nor river, and plunged into it this was repeated as often as necessary, and sometimes\\ngreat cures performed. But this rude method at other times killed, notwithstanding the\\nhardy natures of the patients especially in the small-pox and other European disor-\\nders.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "54 INDIAN HISTORY.\\ncontradicted one another, till two of them had made an end of\\ntheir discourse for if ever so many were in company, only two\\nmust speak to each other, and the rest be silent till their turn.\\nTheir language was high, lofty, and sententious. Their way of\\ncounting was by tens, that is to say, two tens, three tens, four tens,\\nc. when the number got out of their reach, they pointed to the\\nstars, or the hair of their heads. They lived chiefly on maize, or\\nIndian corn, roasted in the ashes, sometimes beaten and boiled with\\nwater, called hommony they also made an agreeable cake of their\\npounded corn and raised beans and peas but the woods and\\nrivers afforded them the chief of their provisions. They pointed\\ntheir arrows with a sharpened flinty stone, and of a larger sort,\\nwith withs for handles, cut their wood both of these sharpened\\nstones are often found in the fields. Their times of eating were\\ncommonly morning and evening their seats and tables the ground.\\nThey were naturally reserved, apt to resent, to conceal their re-\\nsentments, and retain them long they were liberal and generous,\\nkind and affable to the English. They were observed to be un-\\neasy and impatient in sickness for a present remedy, to which they\\ncommonly drank a decoction of roots in spring water, forbearing\\nflesh, which if they then ate at all, it was of the female. They\\ntook remarkable care of one another in sickness, while hopes of\\nlife remained but when that was gone, some of them were apt\\nto neglect the patient. Their government was monarchical and\\nsuccessive, and mostly of the mother s side, to prevent a spurious\\nissue.* They commonly washed their children in cold water as\\nsoon as born and to make their limbs straight, tied them to a board,\\nand hung it to their backs when they travelled they usually walk-\\ned at nine months old. Their young men married at sixteen or\\nseventeen years of age, if by that time they had given sufficient\\nproof of their manhood, by a large return of skins. The girls married\\nabout thirteen or fourteen, but stayed with their mothers to hoe\\nthe ground, bear burdens, c, for some years after marriage. The\\nwomen, in travelling, generally carried the luggage. The mar-\\nriage ceremony was sometimes thus: the relations and friends being\\npresent, the bridegroom delivered a bone to the bride, she an ear of\\nIndian corn to him, meaning that he was to provide meat, she bread.\\nIt was not unusual, notwithstanding, to change their mates upon\\ndisagreement the children went with the party that loved them\\nbest, the expense being of no moment to either in case of differ-\\nence on this head, the man was allowed the first choice if the chil-\\ndren were divided, or there was but one. Very little can be said\\nas to their religion much pains were taken by the early Christian\\nsettlers, and frequently since, to inform their judgments respecting\\nthe use and benefit of the Christian revelation, and to fix restraints\\nThat is, the children of him now king will not succeed, but liis brother by the\\nmother, or children of his sister, whose sons (and after them the male children of her\\n.daughters) were to reign for no woman inherited.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "INDIAN HISTORY. 55\\nbut generally with unpromising success, though instances have\\nnow and then happened to the contrary. They are thought to\\nhave believed in a God and immortality, and seemed to aim at\\npublic worship when they did this, they sometimes sat in several\\ncircles, one within another the action consisted of singing, jump-\\ning, shouting, and dancing but mostly performed rather as some-\\nthing handed down from their ancestors, than from any knowledge\\nor inquiry into the serious parts of its origin. They said the great\\nKing that made them dwelt in a glorious country to the southward,\\nand that the spirits of the best should go there and live again.\\nTheir most solemn worship was the sacrifice of the first-fruits, in\\nwhich they burnt the first and fattest buck, and feasted together\\nupon what else they had collected but in this sacrifice broke no\\nbones of any creature they eat when done, they gathered and\\nburied them very carefully these have since been frequently\\nploughed up. They distinguished between a good and evil ma-\\nnetta, or spirit worshipped the first for the good they hoped and\\nsome of them are said to have been slavishly dark in praying to\\nthe last for deprecation of evils they feared but if this be true in\\na general sense, some of the tribes much concealed it from our\\nsettlers. They did justice upon one another for crimes among\\nthemselves, in a way of their own even murder might be atoned\\nfor by feasts, and presents of wampum the price of a woman\\nkilled was double, and the reason, because she bred children, which\\nmen could not do. If sober, they rarely quarrelled among them-\\nselves. They lived to sixty, seventy, eighty, and more, before rum\\nwas introduced, but rarely since. Some tribes were commendably\\ncareful of their aged and decrepit, endeavoring to make the re-\\nmains of life as comfortable as they could it was pretty generally\\nso except in desperate decays then indeed, as in other cases of the\\nlike kind, they were sometimes apt to neglect them. Strict ob-\\nservers of property, yet, to the last degree, thoughtless and inactive\\nin acquiring or keeping it. None could excel them in liberality of\\nthe little they had, for nothing was thought too good for a friend\\na knife, gun, or any such thing given to one, frequently passed\\nthrough many hands. Their houses or wigwams were sometimes\\ntogether in towns, but mostly moveable, and occasionally fixed\\nnear a spring or other water, according to the conveniences for\\nhunting, fishing, basket-making, or other business of that sort, and\\nbuilt with poles laid on forked sticks in the ground, with bark, flags,\\nor bushes on the top and sides, with an opening to the south, their\\nfire in the middle at night they slept on the ground with their\\nfeet towards it their clothing was a coarse blanket or skin thrown\\nover the shoulder, which covered to the knee, and a piece of the\\nsame tied round their legs, with part of a deer-skin sewed round\\ntheir feet for shoes. As they had learned to live upon little, they\\nseldom expected or wanted to lay up much. They were also mod-\\nerate in asking a price for any thing they had for sale. When a\\ncompany travelled together, they generally followed each other in", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "56 INDIAN HISTORY.\\nsilence, scarcely ever two were seen by the side of one another\\nin roads the man went before with his bow and arrow, the woman\\nafter, not uncommonly with a child at her back, and other burdens\\nbesides but when these were too heavy, the man assisted. To\\nknow their walks again, in unfrequented woods, they heaped stones\\nor marked trees.\\nIn person they were upright, and straight in their limbs, beyond\\nthe usual proportion in most nations their bodies were strong, but\\nof a strength rather fitted to endure hardships than to sustain much\\nbodily labor, very seldom crooked or deformed their features reg-\\nular their countenances sometimes fierce, in common rather re-\\nsembling a Jew than Christian the color of their skin a tawny\\nreddish brown the whole fashion of their lives of a piece, hardy,\\npoor, and squalid. When they began to drink, they commonly con-\\ntinued it as long as the means of procuring it lasted. In drink\\nthey often lay exposed to all the inclemencies of the weather,\\nwhich introduced a train of new disorders among them. They\\nwere grave, even to sadness upon any common, and more so upon\\nserious occasions observant of those in company, and respectful\\nto the old of a temper cool and deliberate never in haste to\\nspeak, but waited for a certainty that the person who spoke before\\nthem had finished all he had to say. They seemed to hold Euro-\\npean vivacity in contempt, because they found such as came among\\nthem apt to interrupt each other, and frequently speak all together.\\nTheir behavior in public councils was strictly decent and instruc-\\ntive every one in his turn was heard, according to rank of years\\nor wisdom, or services to his country. Not a word, a whisper, or\\na murmur, while any one spoke no interruption to commend or\\ncondemn the younger sort were totally silent. They got fire by\\nrubbing wood of particular sorts, (as the ancients did out of the\\nivy and bays,) by turning the end of a hard piece upon the side of\\none that was soft and dry to forward the heat they put dry rotten\\nwood and leaves with the help of fire and their stone axes, they\\nwould fell large trees, and afterward scoop them into bowls, c.\\nFrom their infancy they were formed with care to endure hard-\\nships, to bear derision, and even blows patiently at least with a\\ncomposed countenance. Though they were not easily provoked, it\\nwas generally hard to be appeased whenever it happened. Liber-\\nty, in its fullest extent, was their ruling passion to this every other\\nconsideration was subservient. Their children were trained up so\\nas to cherish this disposition to the utmost they were indulged to\\na great degree, seldom chastised with blows, and rarely chided\\ntheir faults were left for their reason and habits of the family to\\ncorrect they said these could not be great before their reason\\ncommenced and they seemed to abhor a slavish motive to action,\\nas inconsistent with their notions of freedom and independency\\neven strong persuasion was industriously avoided, as bordering too\\nmuch on dependence, and a kind of violence offered to the will.\\nThey dreaded slavery more than death. They laid no fines for", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "INDIAN HISTORY. 57\\ncrimes, for they had no way of exacting them the atonement was\\nvoluntary. Every tribe had particulars in whom they reposed a\\nconfidence, and unless they did something unworthy of it, they\\nwere held in respect what were denominated kings, were sachems\\ndistinguished among these the respect paid them was voluntary,,\\nand not exacted or looked for, nor the omission regarded. The\\nsachems directed in their councils, and had the chief disposition of\\nlands. To help their memories in treaties, they had belts of black\\nand white wampum with these closed their periods in speeches,\\ndelivering more or less, according to the importance of the matter\\ntreated of; this ceremony omitted, all they said passed for nothing.\\nThey treasured these belts when delivered to them in treaties, kept\\nthem as the records of the nation, to have recourse to upon future\\ncontests governed by customs and not by laws, they greatly re-\\nvered those of their ancestors, and followed them so implicitly, that\\na new thought or action seldom intruded. They long remembered\\nkindnesses families or particulars that had laid themselves out to\\ndeal with, entertain and treat them hospitably, or even fairly in\\ndealings, if no great kindness was received, were sure of their\\ntrade this also must undoubtedly be allowed, that the original and\\nmore uncorrupt very seldom forgot to be grateful, where real ben-\\nefits had been received. And notwithstanding the stains of perfidy\\nand cruelty, which, in 1754, and since, have disgraced the Indians\\non the frontiers of these provinces, even these, by an uninterrupted\\nintercourse of seventy years, had, on many occasions, given irre-\\nfragable proofs of liberality of sentiment, hospitality of action, and\\nimpressions that seemed to promise a continuation of better things.\\nBut of them enough at present.\\nAmong a people so immediately necessary to each other, where\\nproperty was little, and the anxiety of increasing it less, the inter-\\ncourse naturally became free and unfettered with ceremony: hence,\\nevery one had his eye upon his neighbor misunderstandings and\\nmistakes were easily rectified. No ideas of state or grandeur no\\nhomage of wealth, office, birth, rank, or learning no pride of house,\\nhabit, or furniture very little emulations of any kind to interrupt\\nand so much together, they must be friends, as far at least as that\\nterm could be properly applied to them this was general in some\\nof the tribes attachments of particulars to each other were con-\\nstant and steady and in some instances far exceeding what might\\nbe expected. Companies of them frequently got together to feast,\\ndance, and make merry this sweetened the toils of hunting ex-\\ncepting these toils, and the little action before described, they\\nscarcely knew any. A life of dissipation and ease, of uncertainty\\nand want, of appetite, satiety, indolence, and sleep, seemed to be\\nthe sum of the character, and chief that they aimed at.\\nNotwithstanding their government was successive, it was, for\\nextraordinary reasons, sometimes ordered otherwise of this there\\nis an instance in the old king Ockanickon, who dying about this\\ntime at Burlington, declared himself to this effect\\n8", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "58 INDIAN HISTORY.\\nIt was my desire that my brother s son, Iahkursoe, should come\\nto me, and hear my last words for him have I appointed king af-\\nter me.\\nMy brother s son, this day I deliver my heart into your bosom\\nand mind me. I would have you love what is good, and keep good\\ncompany refuse what is evil, and by all means avoid bad com-\\npany.\\nNow, having delivered my heart into your bosom, I also de-\\nliver my bosom to keep my heart in be sure always to walk in a\\ngood path, and if any Indians should speak evil of Indians or\\nChristians, do not join in it, but look at the sun from the rising of it\\nto the setting of the same. In speeches that shall be made be-\\ntween the Indians and the Christians, if any wrong or evil thing be\\nspoken, do not join with that but join with the good. When\\nspeeches are made, do not you speak first be silent, and let all\\nspeak before you, and take good notice what each man speaks, and\\nwhen you have heard all, join to that which is good.\\nBrother s son, I would have you cleanse your ears, and take all\\nfoulness out, that you may hear both good and evil, and then join\\nwith the good and refuse the evil and also cleanse your eyes, that\\nyou may see good and evil, and where you see evil, do not join\\nwith it, but join to that which is good.\\nBrother s son, you have heard what has passed stand up in\\ntime of speeches stand in my steps, and follow my speeches this\\ndo, and what you desire in reason, will be granted. Why should\\nyou not follow my example I have had a mind to be good and\\ndo good, therefore do you the same. Sheoppy and Swampis were\\nto be kings in my stead, but understanding, by my doctor, that\\nSheoppy secretly advised him not to cure me, and they both being\\nwith me at John Hollingshead s house, I myself saw by them, that\\nthey were given more to drink, than to take notice of my last\\nwords for I had a mind to make a speech to them, and to my\\nbrethren, the English commissioners therefore I refuse them to be\\nkings after me, and have now chosen my brother s son Iahkursoe\\nin their stead to succeed me.\\nBrother s son, I advise you to be plain and fair with all, both\\nIndians and Christians, as 1 have been I am very weak, otherwise\\nI would have spoken more.\\nAfter the Indian had delivered this counsel to his nephew, T.\\nBudd, one of the proprietors, being present, took the opportunity to\\nremark, that there was a great God, who created all things that\\nhe gave man an understanding of what was good and bad and\\nafter this life rewarded the good with blessings, and the bad ac-\\ncording to their doings. He answered It is very true, it is so\\nthere are two ways, a broad and a straight way there are two\\npaths, a broad and a straight path the worst and the greatest\\nnumber go in the broad, the best and fewest in the straight path.\\nThis king dying soon afterward, was attended to his grave in the\\nQuaker s burial-place in Burlington, with solemnity, by the Indians", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "INDIAN HISTORY.\\n59\\nin their manner, and with great respect by many of the English\\nsettlers to whom he had been a sure friend.\\nThe foregoing history of the Indians, c, is copied from Smith s\\nHistory of New Jersey. The following is from a series of articles\\nrecently published in the Newarjz Sentinel, entitled Glimpses of the\\nPast in New Jersey\\nDuring the dominion of the Dutch, hostile relations existed on two or\\nthree occasions. De Vries tells us, (New York Historical Collections,) that,\\nin 1630, thirty-two men were killed by the Indians on the Delaware and\\nhe gives a detailed account of difficulties with those of East Jersey, in 1640\\nand 1643. In the former year, an expedition, fitted out against those on\\nthe Raritan, accused, although wrongfully, of having committed thefts and\\nother trespasses, caused some of the leading chiefs to be maltreated, and\\nled to retaliatory measures upon the settlers of Staten Island, who were\\nkilled, and their plantations broken up.\\nThis matter, in connection with the refusal of the Indians to give up the\\nauthor of a murder subsequently committed, brought on hostilities. The\\nDutch authorities were guilty of great duplicity, (New York Colonial Re-\\ncords, in Historical Collections,) in beguiling the natives into the belief that\\nno evil was brewing against them for they directed that the kind inter-\\ncourse and the trade in corn should be continued with them as before, till\\nGod s will, and proper opportunity is offered. This opportunity came early\\nin 1643. The Indians in the vicinity of Fort Orange, (Albany,) having\\ncommenced a war with their more southern brethren, Gov. Kiefl joined with\\nthem; and, on the night of the 25-26th of January, a detachment of troops\\nwas sent over to Pavonia, and eighty Indians were murdered in their sleep,\\nor in attempting to escape. This was the feat, says De Vries, alluding to\\na remark of the governor in relation to it, worthy of the heroes of old\\nRome, to massacre a parcel of Indians, and to butcher them in the presence\\nof their parents, and throw their mangled limbs into the fire or water.\\nOther sucklings had been fastened to little boards, and in this position they\\nwere cut to pieces. Some were thrown into the river, and when the parents\\nrushed in to save them, the soldiers prevented their landing, and let parents\\nand children drown. As the orders given to the officer commanding the\\nexpedition, as they appear on record, were to spare as much as it is pos-\\nsible their wives and children, and to take the savages prisoners, we might\\nattribute this cruelty entirely to the excited passions of the men but the\\nsame author tells us they were rewarded, and that the same night forty\\nIndians more were murdered at Corlaer s plantation.\\nSuch a warfare could not fail to exasperate the natives and we are told\\nthat, so soon as they became aware that these massacres were by the whites,\\n(for, from the secrecy observed, and the darkness of the night, they thought\\nthey had been attacked by their enemies, the Maquas,) they murdered in the\\ncountry all the men they could find but, more humane than the whites,\\nspared the females and children. Houses and barns, grain and hay, were\\ndestroyed, and war waged for a month or more. In March, a peace was\\nconcluded, which lasted only till October when three or four soldiers, sta-\\ntioned at Pavonia for the protection of a family, having been attacked, war\\nwas renewed and so serious was its character, that, in March, 1644, the\\nauthorities of New Amsterdam proclaimed a solemn fast, to deprecate the\\nanjrer of Jehovah.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "60 INDIAN HISTORY.\\nPeace was permanently restored the following year and as, in their\\ndistress, they had fasted, so now the good burghers rejoiced, and kept a day\\nof public thanksgiving and praise. We hear of no further disturbances\\nfrom this time and in 1664 the English came into possession of the coun-\\ntry. Of course, the unsettled state of the intercourse with the Indians had\\ninterfered most materially with the settlement of this portion of the New\\nNetherlands.\\nThere are no data by which a true estimate can be formed of the num-\\nber of Indians within what are now the limits of New Jersey, when first\\npopulation began to change the character and aspect of the country but\\nprobably there were more than two thousand when the province was taken\\nunder the domination of the English. An old pamphlet in the Philadelphia\\nLibrary, printed in 1648, to induce emigration under the grant to Sir Ed-\\nward Ployden, (Plantagenet s New Albion, p. 22,) states that the natives\\nin this section of the country were under the dominion of about twenty\\nkings; that there were twelve hundred under the two Raritan kings on\\nthe north side, next to Hudson s river, and those come down to the ocean\\nabout Little Egg bay and Sandy Barnegate and about the South cape two\\nsmall kings, of forty men apiece, called Tirans and Tiascans and a third\\nreduced to fourteen men, at Reymont. The seat of the Raritan king is\\nstated to have been called (by the English) Mount Ployden, twenty miles\\nfrom Sandhay sea, and ninety from the ocean next to Amara hill, the retired\\nparadise of the children of the Ethiopian emperor a wonder, for it is a square\\nrock, two miles compass, one hundred and fifty feet high, a wall-like preci-\\npice, a strait entrance easily made invincible, where he keeps two hundred\\nfor his guards, and under is a flat valley, all plain, to plant and sow.\\nThe writer is at a loss to locate this Mount, and retired paradise,\\nif such actually existed, save in the imagination of Beauchamp Plantage-\\nnet, Esq. as he knows of no place answering the description. On early\\nmaps of New Jersey, an Indian path is designated, running from the mouth\\nof Shrewsbury river in a northwesterly direction, crossing the Raritan a\\nlittle to the westward of Amboy and thence in a northerly direction to\\nMinisink island, in the Delaware river, near the northern boundary of the\\nstate. This was probably their great thoroughfare. The Sanhicans, the\\ndeadly enemies of the Manhatae, but whom De Laet characterizes as a bet-\\nter and more decent people, inhabited that part of the province lying west\\nof Staten Island and further south were the Naraticongs, Maravancons,\\nand other branches of the great Delaware tribe.\\nWhen the province came into the possession of Lords Berkeley and\\nCarteret, they consulted the peace and happiness of the settlers, by the es-\\ntablishment of the best regulations for intercourse with the natives. They\\nsay to their governor and councillors, should they happen to find any na-\\ntives in our said province, and tract of land aforesaid, that then you treat\\nthem with all humanity and kindness, and not in anywise grieve or op-\\npress them, but endeavor by a Christian carriage to manifest piety, justice,\\nand charity, and in your conversation with them the manifestation where-\\nof will prove beneficial to the planters, and likewise advantageous to the\\npropagation of the gospel. (East Jersey Records.) And, in order that\\nthey might be protected from the arts of designing men, their lands were\\nnot allowed to be purchased excepting through the governor and council,\\nin the name of the lords proprietors.\\nIt was to be presumed, however, that intercourse with such varied", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "INDIAN HISTORY. 61\\ncharacters, as ever constitute the first population of a new country, would\\npresent many causes for outbreaks and disputes. The assembly, therefore,\\nearly took measures to guard against such difficulties by prohibiting all\\ntrade with them and in 1675, when some apprehensions were entertained,\\nthe sale to them of ammunition was prevented, as well as the repairing of\\ntheir firearms and the continuance of peace was, in subsequent years,\\nstill further secured, by prohibiting the sale, gift, or loan to them of any\\nintoxicating drink. These wholesome restrictions, modified as occasion re-\\nquired, continued in force under the government of the twenty-four proprie-\\ntors, and that of the crown which succeeded. Mrs. Mary Smith, in a man-\\nuscript account of the first settlement of Burlington, quoted in Watson s\\nAnnals, says, the Indians were very civil, brought them corn, venison, and\\nbargained also for their land. It was said that an old Indian king spoke\\nprophetically, before his death, of the increase of the whites, and the dimi-\\nnution of his race. Such predictions were current among them, as early\\nas 1680. At the time Perth Amboy was settled, (1684,) there appears to\\nhave been only a few natives in that vicinity and those who visited the\\nplace are represented as very serviceable to the settlers, from the game they\\ncaught, and the skins and furs they procured and sold to them.\\nThe first serious outbreak occurred in 1755 but, so soon as a nostile\\nfeeling became apparent, the legislature appointed commissioners to examine\\ninto the causes of dissatisfaction. A convention was held at Crosswicks,\\nfor the purpose, in January, 1756 and in March, 1757, a bill was passed,\\ncalculated to remove the difficulties which had grown out of impositions up-\\non the Indians when intoxicated, the destruction of deer by traps, and the\\noccupation of lands by the whites which they had not sold. (Neville s Laws,\\nvol. ii., p. 125.) During this year, however, and the first part of 1758,\\nthe western borders of the province were in much alarm from the hostile\\nfeeling prevalent among the Minisink and neighboring tribes from May,\\n1757, to June, 1758, twenty-seven murders having been committed by them\\non the West Jersey side of the Delaware. A constant guard was kept un-\\nder arms, to protect the inhabitants; but it was not always able to check\\nthe predatory excursions of the savages.\\nIn June, 1758, Gov. Bernard, of New Jersey, consulted Gen. Forbes\\nand Gov. Denny, of Pennsylvania, as to the measures best calculated to put\\na stop to this unpleasant warfare and through Teedyescung, king of the\\nDelawares, he obtained a conference with the Minisink and Pompton Indians,\\nprotection being assured them. (Smith s New Jersey, pp. 447, 448.) It\\nshows no little regard for truth, and the prevalence of a humane and for-\\ngiving spirit, on the part of the whites, as well as confidence on the part of\\nthe Indians, that the one party should venture, after what had passed, to\\nplace themselves so completely in the hands of their enemies, and the other\\nto profit not thereby.\\nThe conference took place at Burlington, August 7th, 1758. On the\\npart of the province, there were present the governor, three commissioners\\nof Indian affairs of the house of assembly, and six members of the council.\\nTwo Minisink or Munsey Indians, one Cayugan, one Delaware messenger\\nfrom the Mingoians, and one Delaware who came with the Minisinks, were\\nthe delegates from the natives. The conference opened with a speech from\\nthe governor. He sat, holding four strings of wampum, and thus addressed\\nthem Brethren, as you are come from a long journey, through a wood", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "62 INDIAN HISTORY.\\nfull of briers, with this string I anoint your feet, and take away their sore-\\nness with this string I wipe the sweat from your bodies; with this string I\\ncleanse your eyes, ears, and mouth, that you may see, hear, and speak\\nclearly and I particularly anoint your throat, that every word you say\\nmay have a free passage from the heart. And with this string I bid you\\nheartily welcome. The four strings were then delivered to them. The\\nresult of the conference was, that a time was fixed for holding another at\\nEaston, at the request of the Indians that being, as they termed it, the\\nplace of the old council-fire.\\nThe act passed in 1757 appropriated \u00c2\u00a31,600 for the purchase of Indian\\nclaims but, as the Indians living south of the Raritan preferred receiving\\ntheir proportion in land specially allotted for their occupancy, 3,044 acres, in\\nthe township of Evesham, Burlington county, were purchased for them.\\nA house of worship and several dwellings were subsequently erected, form-\\ning the town of Brotherton and as the selling and leasing of any portion\\nof the tract was prohibited, as was also the settlement upon it of any per-\\nsons other than Indians, the greatest harmony appears to have prevailed\\nbetween its inhabitants and their white neighbors. (Allinson sLaws, p. 221.)\\nOn the 8th October, 1758, the conference commenced at Easton. It\\nwas attended by the lieutenant-governor of Pennsylvania, six of his coun-\\ncil, and an equal number of the house of representatives Gov. Bernard\\nof New Jersey, five Indian commissioners, George Croghan, Esq., (deputy\\nIndian agent under Sir William Johnson,) a number of magistrates and\\nfreeholders of the two provinces, and five hundred and seven Indians, com-\\nprising delegations from fourteen different tribes. Gov. Denny being obliged\\nto return to Philadelphia, the business of the conference was mainly con-\\nducted by Gov. Bernard, who, in its management, evinced no small degree\\nof talent and tact. It was closed on the 26th October and the result was\\na release, by the Minisink and Wapping Indians, of all lands claimed by\\nthem within the limits of New Jersey, for the sum of \u00c2\u00a31,000. Deeds were\\nalso obtained from the Delawares and other Indians, and they were all de-\\nsired to remember that by these two agreements the province of New Jer-\\nsey is entirely freed and discharged from all Indian claims. At least such\\nwas the opinion of Gov. Bernard and the Indians but the assembly, the\\nensuing March, in answer to the governor s speech, mention a small claim\\nof the Totamies, and some private claims, still outstanding. The minutes\\nof this interesting conference are printed at length in Smith s History. The\\ngovernor recommended to the succeeding assembly the continuance of a\\nguard, and the establishment of a regular trading-house but neither meas-\\nure was adopted. The amicable relations, thus happily begun, remained\\nundisturbed for several years. In 1764, a frontier guard of two hundred\\nmen was again kept up for some time, in consequence of disturbances in\\nPennsylvania but the alarm soon subsided.\\nIn 1769, Gov. Franklin attended a convention held with the Six Na-\\ntions, by several of the colonial governors, and informed the assembly, on his\\nreturn, that they had publicly acknowledged repeated instances of the justice\\nof the New Jersey authorities in bringing the murderers of Indians to condign\\npunishment; declared that they had no claim or demand whatsoever on the\\nprovince and in the most solemn manner conferred on its government the\\ndistinguished title of Sagorightviyogstha, or the great arbiter, or doer of jus-\\ntice a name which, the governor truly remarked, reflected high honor up-\\non the province. (New York Journal, Oct. 26.)", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "ATLANTIC COUNTY. 63\\nIn 1802, the small remnant of these original possessors of the soil, re-\\nmaining in Burlington county, obtained permission to sell their lands and re-\\nmove to a settlement on the Oneida lake, in the state of New York, where\\nthey continued until 1824; when, with other Indians, they purchased from\\nthe Menominees a tract bordering on Lake Michigan, and removed thither.\\nIn 1832, the New Jersey tribe, reduced to less than forty souls, applied to\\nthe legislature of the state for remuneration on account of their rights of\\nhunting and fishing on unenclosed lands, which they had reserved in their\\nvarious agreements and conventions with the whites. Although no legal\\nclaim could be substantiated, yet the legislature, in kindness, and through\\ncompassion for the wanderers, directed the treasurer to pay their agent two\\nthousand dollars, upon filing in the office of the secretary a full relinquish-\\nment of all the rights of his tribe. (Gordon s New Jersey.) Thus was\\nextinguished every legal and equitable claim of the Indians to the soil of\\nNew Jersey a fact which must gratify every citizen of the state.\\nATLANTIC COUNTY.\\nAtlantic county is bounded NE. by Burlington co., SE. by the\\nAtlantic ocean, S. by Cape May co., S W. by Cumberland co., and\\nNW. by Gloucester co. It is about 30 miles long by 20 wide and\\nwas formed from the eastern part of Gloucester co., in 1837. The\\nprincipal streams are the Great Egg Harbor, running through it near-\\nly centrally the Little Egg Harbor, separating it from Burlington\\nco. and the Tuckahoe, on its southern boundary. These streams\\nare navigable for many miles, and facilitate the transportation of\\ntimber and cord- wood to market, which form the most valuable pro-\\nducts of this part of the state. Clams, oysters, and fish abound in\\nthe numerous bays and inlets on its coast and many of its inhab-\\nitants gain their livelihood by oystering and fishing. Ship-building\\nis carried on in the little settlements on the streams and glass-\\nhouses and furnaces are scattered here and there among the pines,\\nAgriculture is but little pursued, there being but few farms.\\nThe pine-region of New Jersey extends over about one third of\\nits territory, comprising the whole of this, and parts of Middlesex,\\nMonmouth, Burlington, Salem, Gloucester, Cumberland, and Cape\\nMay counties. This immense tract is very thinly settled, there\\nbeing many square miles on which there is not a single inhabitant\\nwhere deer, foxes, and rabbits are abundant, and the bear finds a\\nlair to protect its race from extirpation. Through these wilds\\nwind numerous roads, by mazes almost inextricable where\\nthe scarcely-waving 1 pine\\nFills the brown shade with a religious awe.\\nThirty years since, this immense forest was of little value but the\\nintroduction of steamboats and anthracite coal has created such a", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "64 ATLANTIC COUNTY.\\ndemand for fuel, that the lands have risen from ten cents to four or\\nfive dollars per acre and in some instances, where convenient to\\nmarket, bring from fifteen to sixty dollars. Where the pine has\\nbeen cleared, oak springs up and frequently, where the oak has\\nbeen cut, the pine again succeeds. Upon the clay and loam soils\\noak abounds, of an excellent quality for ship-building- In the\\nsandy region are extensive swamps bearing white cedar, very\\nvaluable, and worth from one to three hundred dollars per acre.\\nAtlantic co. is divided into five townships, viz\\nEgg Harbor, Hamilton, Mullica, Weymouth, Galloway.\\nThis is the most thinly-settled county in the state. In 1830, the\\ntownships now comprising it numbered 8,164 souls in 1840, 8,726.\\nEGG HARBOR.\\nEgg Harbor was incorporated in 1798. It is about 1 1 miles long\\nby 10 broad; and is bounded NE. by Galloway, SE. by the ocean, S.\\nby Great Egg Harbor bay, separating it from Cape May co., SW.\\nby Great Egg Harbor river, dividing it from Weymouth, and NW.\\nby Hamilton. Its surface is level, and principally covered with\\npines. On the coast is a marsh, four miles wide, studded with twenty\\nor thirty islets, encircled by bays and arms of the sea. Beyond\\nthese, next to the ocean, Absecum beach stretches along parallel\\nwith the coast, for 9 miles. Bargaintown, 10 miles SE. of May s\\nLanding, has a Methodist church, and about 30 dwellings. Leeds-\\nville, on the shore, 1 mile SE. of Bargaintown, contains 15 or 20-\\ndwellings. Somers Point, on Great Egg Harbor bay, is quite a\\nplace of resort in the summer. Here are good boarding-houses for\\nthe accommodation of strangers. From this place along the shore,\\nto Absecombe, there is an almost continuous line of houses. Ac-\\ncording to the United States census, in 1840, the population of this\\ntownship was 2,739. It contained 10 stores, capital $10,600 3\\ngrist-mills, and 4 saw-mills $9,800 capital employed in manufac-\\ntures 10 schools, 810 scholars.\\nCapt. Richard Somers, one of the most gallant and intrepid offi-\\ncers that ever did honor to the United States navy, was a native\\nof this township. He was the youngest child of Col. Richard\\nSomers, a prominent man, in this vicinity, in the American revo-\\nlution. The subject of our notice was born about the year 1778,\\nat Somers Point. He first attended school at Philadelphia, and af-\\nterward at a celebrated academy in Burlington. About the year\\n1794, Somers, then 15 or 16 years of age, first went to sea, in a\\ncoasting vessel, from Egg Harbor. Two years after, he received\\na warrant as a midshipman, and made his first cruise in the frigate\\nUnited States, in company with Decatur both of whom became,\\nfor the remainder of life, generous professional rivals, and strong\\npersonal friends. In 1801, Somers was promoted to a lieutenancy,\\nand at the time of his death was appointed master-commandant.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "ATLANTIC COUNTY. 65\\nIn 1803, at the period of the difficulties with the Barbary powers,\\nLieut. Somers was appointed to the command of the Nautilus, a\\nbeautiful schooner of 12 guns, attached to the Mediterranean\\nsquadron which sailed in the summer and autumn of this year,\\nand became so celebrated under the orders of Preble.\\nWhile at Syracuse, on this, or perhaps a previous occasion, where\\nthe American vessels made their principal rendezvous, a charac-\\nteristic anecdote is related of Somers, by his biographer. He was\\nwalking in the vicinity of the town, in company with two brother\\nofficers, when five Sicilian soldiers, carrying swords, made an at-\\ntack on the party, with intent to rob. One of the gentlemen had a\\ndirk, while Somers and the other were unarmed. The officer with\\nthe dirk used the weapon so vigorously as soon to bring down one\\nassailant while Somers, seizing the sword-blade of his antagonist,\\nwas severely cut in the hand by the unsuccessful efforts of the\\nSicilian for its recovery but finally he wrested it from him, and\\nplunged it into his body. This decided the matter, the three rob-\\nbers taking to flight.\\nWhen the American squadron under Preble was maintaining\\nthe blockade against Tripoli, in 1804, he distinguished himself in its\\nearly stages, as well as on the occasion in which he lost his life.\\nAt one time he was engaged in a gunboat, within pistol-shot,\\nagainst a force at least five times superior. In the end the enemy\\nwere obliged to make off, and he brought off his boat in triumph.\\nOn another occasion, as his boat was advancing to her position, an\\nincident occurred which marked his presence of mind. Somers,\\nwhile leaning against the flagstaff, saw a shot flying directly in a\\nline for him, and bowed his head to avoid it. The shot cut the\\nstaff, and on measuring, it was certain he escaped death only by\\nthe timely removal.\\nAfter several unsuccessful enterprises to force the enemy to\\nterms, it was resolved to fit up the ketch Intrepid in the double\\ncapacity of fire-ship and infernal, and to send her into the inner\\nharbor of Tripoli, there to explode, in the very centre of the ves-\\nsels of the Turks. As her deck was to be covered with a large\\nquantity of powder, shells, and missiles, it was hoped the town\\nwould suffer not less than the shipping. The panic created by such\\nan assault, made in the dead of night, it was fondly hoped would\\nproduce an instant peace and more especially the liberation of\\nthe frigate Philadelphia, whose officers and crew were thought to\\nhave been reduced to extreme suffering by the barbarity of their\\ncaptors.\\nThe imminent danger of the service forbade the commodore or-\\ndering any of his officers upon it and Somers, with whom the\\nconception of this daring scheme is supposed to have originated,\\nvolunteered to take the command.\\nOn the afternoon of the 4th of September, Somers prepared to\\nleave the Nautilus, with a full determination to carry the ketch\\ninto Tripoli that night. Previously to quitting his own vessel, he\\n9", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "66 ATLANTIC COUNTY.\\nfelt that it would be proper to point out the desperate nature of the\\nenterprise to the four men he had selected, that their services\\nmight be perfectly free and voluntary. He told them that he\\nwished no man to accompany him, who would not prefer being\\nblown up to being taken that such was his own determination,\\nand that he wished all who went with him to be the same way of\\nthinking. The boats now gave three cheers in answer and each\\nman is said to have separately asked to be selected to apply the\\nmatch. Once assured of the temper of his companions, Somers\\ntook leave of his officers the boat s crew doing the same, shaking\\nhands, and expressing their feelings, as if they felt assured of their\\nfate in advance. Each of the four men made his will\\nverbally disposing of his eifects among his shipmates, like those\\nabout to die. Several of Somers friends visited him on\\nboard the Intrepid before she got under way, Among them were\\nStewart and Decatur, with whom he had commenced his naval\\ncareer in the United States. These three young men, then about\\ntwenty-six years of age each, were Philadelphia-bred sailors, and\\nhad been intimately associated in service for the last six years.\\nThey all knew that the enterprise was one of extreme hazard, and\\nthe two who were to remain behind felt a deep interest in the fate\\nof him who was to go in. Somers was grave, and entirely with-\\nout any affectation of levity or indifference but he maintained his\\nusual tranquil and quiet manner. After some conversation, he took\\na ring from his finger, and breaking it into three pieces, gave each\\nof his companions one, while he retained the third himself.\\nTwo boats accompanied the ketch to bring off the party just af-\\nter setting fire to the train. In the whole there were thirteen men,\\nall volunteers.\\nAbout nine o clock in the evening Lieut. Reed was the last to\\nleave the ketch for his own vessel. When he went over the side\\nof the Intrepid, all communication between the gallant spirits she\\ncontained and the rest of the world ceased. At that time every\\nthing seemed propitious. Somers was cheerful, though calm and\\nperfect order and method prevailed in the little craft. The leave-\\ntaking was affectionate and serious with the officers, though the\\ncommon men appeared to be in high spirits.\\nThe ketch was seen to proceed cautiously into the bay, but was soon\\nobscured by the haze on the water. It was not long before the\\nenemy began to fire at the ketch, which by this time was quite\\nnear the batteries, though the reports were neither rapid nor nu-\\nmerous. At this moment, near ten o clock, Capt. Stewart and\\nLieut. Carrol were standing in the Siren s gangway, looking intent-\\nly toward the place where the ketch was known to be, when the\\nlatter exclaimed, Look see the light At that instant a light\\nwas seen passing and waving, as if a lantern were carried by some\\nIt was supposed that the enemy were nearly out of ammunition, and if the ketch had\\nfallen into their hands, they would have had a sufficient supply. This was the reason\\nfor adopting, if necessary, this dreadful alternative.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "ATLANTIC COUNTY. 67\\nperson in quick motion along a vessel s deck. Then it sunk from\\nview. Half a minute may have elapsed, when the whole firma-\\nment was lighted with a fiery glow a burning mast with its sails\\nwas seen in the air the whole harbor was momentarily illumi-\\nnated the awful explosion came, and a darkness like that of doom\\nsucceeded. The whole was over in less than a minute the flame,\\nthe quaking of towers, the reeling of ships, and even the bursting\\nof shells, of which most fell in the water, though some lodged on\\nthe rocks. The firing ceased, and from that instant Tripoli passed\\nthe night in a stillness as profound as that in which the victims of\\nthis explosion have lain from that fatal hour to this.\\nIn the American squadron the opinion was prevalent, that\\nSomers and his determined crew had blown themselves up to pre-\\nvent capture but subsequent light has rendered it more probable\\nthat it was accidental, or occasioned either by a hot shot from the\\nenemy. Thus perished Richard Somers, one of the bravest of the\\nbrave. Notwithstanding all our means of reasoning, and the\\ngreatest efforts of human ingenuity, there will remain a melan-\\ncholy interest around the manner of his end, which, by the Al-\\nmighty will, is forever veiled from human eyes, in a sad and\\nsolemn mystery.\\nIn person, Somers was rather below the middle stature stout in\\nframe, and exceedingly active and muscular. He was mild, amia-\\nble, and affectionate, both in disposition and deportment though of\\nsingularly chivalrous notions of duty and honor. As a proof of\\nthe estimation in which he was held, several small vessels have\\nbeen called after him among which is the beautiful little brig\\nSomers, which recently has been the scene of a thrilling tragedy\\non the high seas.*\\nGALLOWAY.\\nGalloway was incorporated in 1798. It is 16 miles long,\\nand 8 wide, and is bounded NE. by Little Egg Harbor bay and\\nriver, separating it from Burlington co., SW. by Egg Harbor town-\\nship and Hamilton, SE. by the ocean, and NW. by Mullica. Its\\nsurface is level and covered with pines. The ocean-side is bor-\\ndered by a marsh several miles in width, in which are numerous\\narms of the sea, and bays with many small islands. Outside of these\\nis Brigantine Beach, where were formerly works for the manufac-\\nture of salt from sea- water. Absecombe, in the SE. corner, 13 miles\\nfrom May s Landing, contains about 30 dwellings. Port Republic\\nis a village of about the same size upon Nacote creek, a branch of\\nthe Little Egg Harbor. A considerable business is done here in\\nship-building. Smithville is a small village 7 miles N. of Abse-\\ncombe. There is a Methodist church at each of these places. The\\nThe foregoing account of Somers is drawn from an interesting biography by J. Fenni-\\nmore Cooper, in Graham s Magazine for October, 1842.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "68\\nATLANTIC COUNTY.\\ntownsnip contains 7 stores, capital $9,700 1 glass factory, 3 grist-\\nmills, 3 saw-mills capital in manufactures, $47,500 8 schools,\\n616 scholars. Population, 2,208.\\nIn the American revolution there was a considerable settlement\\nat the forks of Little Egg Harbor river, now gone to decay. It\\ncontained about 30 dwellings, inhabited principally by persons en-\\ngaged in running goods when Philadelphia was in possession of\\nthe British. Little Egg Harbor river was a favorite resort for pri-\\nvateers to land their cargoes for this purpose. At Chestnut Neck\\nsome storehouses for the reception of merchandise were burnt by\\nthe British. At that time a breastwork was erected there, and the\\ninhabitants to the number of 1,500 collected for its defence. The\\nenemy coming up the river in strong force in barges, compelled\\nthem to retreat.\\nHAMILTON.\\nView of the County Buildings, May s Landing.\\nHamilton is about 16 miles long by 11 wide, and is bounded\\nNE. by Galloway, SW. by Cape May county, SE. by Egg Har-\\nbor, and NW. by part of Gloucester county. The Great Egg\\nHarbor river passes through its whole length, draining a wide ex-\\ntent of sandy soil and pine forest. The township contains 8 stores,\\ncapital $14,800; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 2 grist-mills, 3 saw-mills;\\ncapital in manufactures, $22,150 6 schools, 916 scholars. Popu-\\nlation, 1,565.\\nMay s Landing, the seat of justice for the county, is on the Great\\nEgg Harbor river, at the head of navigation, 16 miles from the At-\\nlantic ocean, and 73 from Trenton. It is divided into two portions\\nabout a quarter of a mile apart. Hamilton, the upper village, is\\non both sides of the river, over which is a bridge. May s Landing\\nis on the west side of the river, and was first settled. There are", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "ATLANTIC COUNTY. G9\\nin the village and vicinity about 70 dwellings. Its inhabitants are\\nprincipally engaged in ship-building, and in transporting cord-wood\\nand timber to market. The above view shows on the right the\\ncourthouse and other county buildings. That on the extreme right\\nis the jail. These are handsome brick edifices, situated on the\\nnorth bank of the river, about 60 rods east of the bridge. There\\nare two churches in the village a Methodist, (formerly occupied\\nby Methodists and Baptists,) and a Presbyterian church lately\\nerected, a handsome brick edifice with a spire, situated near the\\ncounty buildings, in a grove of venerable forest-trees.\\nMay s Landing was first settled in 1710, by George May, who\\nbought the land on which the village stands. He opened a store\\nand supplied vessels which put in here with wood. His dwelling\\nwas standing until about 1830, on the north side of the river, about\\n10 rods above the mouth of Babcock s creek, near the willow-trees.\\nIt was a small gambrel-roofed building, a story and a half high,\\nfronting on the river. After the American revolution Colonel\\nRichard Westcott removed here from the forks of Egg Harbor, and\\nbecame a large owner. This gentleman died about twenty years\\nsince, at the advanced age of 102 years. A Baptist church was\\nbuilt in the village in 1782, in which the clergyman at Tuckahoe,\\nwhere there was then also a church of this denomination, occasionally\\npreached. Catawba, 4 miles SE. of the courthouse, has a Metho-\\ndist church and about 20 dwellings. Weymouth, on the river, 6\\nmiles NW. of the courthouse, contains a Methodist church, a fur-\\nnace, forge, saw and grist mill, and about 40 dwellings. These\\nworks belong to the heirs of Samuel Richards, Esq., deceased, and\\ngive employment, directly and indirectly, to several hundred men.\\nThe following extracts from the New Jersey State Gazette, pub-\\nlished at Trenton in the war of the revolution, relate to incidents\\noff this coast.\\nMarch 31, 1779. In the late snow-storm, the transport ship Mermaid, of White-\\nhaven, England, with troops from Halifax, bound to New York, was driven on shore and\\nbilged at Egg Harbor. After being in this miserable situation from five o clock on Mon-\\nday morning until noon on Tuesday, a boat came off to their relief, and saved only 42\\nsouls out of 187. Perished Capt. Snowball, Lieut. Snodgrass, 112 sergeants, drum-\\nmers, and privates, 13 women, 11 sailors, and 7 children; total, 145. Saved 5 ser.\\ngeants, 25 privates, 7 sailors, and 5 officers total, 42.\\nSept. 11, 1782. Last week Capt. Douglas with some of the militia of Gloucester co.,\\nattacked a refugee boat at Egg Harbor, with 18 refugees on board, of whom 14 were\\nshot or drowned the others made their escape.\\nDec. 18, 1782. Capt. Jackson, of the Greyhound, on the evening of Sunday, last\\nweek, with much address captured, within the Hook, the schooner Dolphin, and sloop\\nDiamond, bound from New York to Halifax, and brought them both into Egg Harbor.\\nThese vessels were both condemned to the claimants, and the amount of sales amounted\\nto \u00c2\u00a310,500.\\nAug. 25, 1779. By a sailor from Egg Harbor, we are informed, that on Wednesday\\nlast, the schooner Mars, Capt. Taylor, fell in with a vessel mounting 14 guns, which he\\nboarded and took. She proved to be a packet from Falmouth to New York. Capt.\\nTaylor took the mail and prisoners, 45 in number but on Saturday last, fell in witli a\\nfleet of 23 sail, under convoy of a large ship and frigate, when the latter gave chase to\\nthe packet and retook her. Capt. Taylor got safe into Egg Harbor.\\nThe annexed account of a naval exploit of a minor character,", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "70 ATLANTIC COUNTY.\\nperformed off this coast in the late war, was communicated by a\\nresident of May s Landing.\\nIn the latter part of 1813, as several small coasters were sailing around Cape May,\\nfrom the Delaware river, bound for Egg Harbor, they came in contact with a British\\narmed schooner, lying at ancbor off the Cape. She put chase, fired upon, and took the\\nschooner New Jersey, from May s Landing, which was manned by the master, Capt.\\nBurton, and 2 hands. Having placed on board as prize-master a young midshipman,\\nwith three men, (two Englishmen and an Irishman,) she ordered the sloop to follow her,\\nand continued the pursuit of the other vessels. As they neared Egg Harbor, the ap-\\nproach of night compelled her to desist from the chase, and she then put about for the\\nCape. The sloop followed, but made little headway, the young midshipman in com-\\nmand being an indifferent seaman. He at length placed the sailing of the vessel under\\nthe directions of Capt. Burton, directing him to steer for the Cape. He designedly\\nsteered the vessel so that no headway was made. Morning dawned and found them off\\nthe mouth of Great Egg Harbor. Burton feigned ignorance of the place. Shortly af-\\nter, a man was sent aloft to look out the prize-master and one of his men went below to\\nexamine the charts, leaving the three Americans and one of the enemy on deck. Bur-\\nton availed himself of the opportunity. He and his two men secured the one on deck,\\nfastened the two in the cabin, and having thus made them all prisoners, in an hour, with a\\nfair wind, brought his vessel to anchor off Somers Point, within a short distance of\\nhome. The prize-master, after a short confinement in prison, was exchanged. The two\\nEnglishmen hired out in the vicinity, and the Irishman enlisted on board a gunboat and\\nfought valiantly for the stripes and stars.\\nMULLICA.\\nMullica, the NW. township of the county, was formed in 1838,\\nfrom Galloway. It is about 13 miles long, 8 wide, and is bounded\\nNE. by Burlington county, SW. by Hamilton, SE. by Gallo-\\nway, and NW. by Gloucester county. Surface level, and covered\\nby a pine forest. Gloucester, Pleasant Mills, and Hammonton, are\\nsettlements. Gloucester is in the SE. part, on a branch of the Little\\nEgg Harbor or Mullicus river, where there is a furnace giving em-\\nployment to about 100 men, a grist m., saw m., and about 25\\ndwellings. The iron works, now the property of John Richards, Esq.,\\nwere founded in 1813, previous to which there was no settlement.\\nPleasant Mills, on Atsion river, a branch of the Mullicus, contains\\nan extensive cotton factory, a Methodist church, and about 30\\ndwellings. Hammonton is the name of a locality in the W. part\\nof the township, where there are glass works and a few dwellings.\\nThe township contains 10 stores, cap. 816,900 1 furnace, 3 grist\\nm., 7 saw m., cap. in manufac. $19,300; 5 schools, 296 scholars.\\nPopulation 1,056.\\nWEYMOUTH.\\nWeymouth was incorporated in 1798 It is 9 miles long, 7 broad,\\nand is bounded N. E. by Great Egg Harbor river, separating it\\nfrom Egg Harbor and part of Hamilton, S. and W. by Tuckahoe\\nriver, dividing it from Cape May and Cumberland counties. The\\nportion of the township bordering Tuckahoe and Great Egg Harbor\\nriver is mostly marsh the remaining portion generally covered\\nwith pine forest. On Stevens creek, a branch of the last named", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "BERGEN COUNTY. 71\\nriver, 5 miles south of May s Landing, are Estell s glass works,\\nemploying about 80 men a Methodist church, a grist and saw\\nmill, and a few buildings. The village of Tuckahoe is on both\\nsides of the Tuckahoe river, partly in this and partly in Cape May\\nco. The township contains 8 stores, capital $16,000 1 forge, 1\\ngrist-mill, 6 saw-mills capital in manufactures $14,000 6 schools,\\n336 scholars. Population, 1,158.\\nBERGEN COUNTY.\\nBergen county was bounded, by the act of 1709, as follows:\\nThat on the eastern division the county shall begin at Constable s\\nHook, and so run up along the bay and Hudson river to the parti-\\ntion point between New Jersey and the province of New York,\\nand along that line between the provinces, and the division line of\\nthe eastern and western divisions of this province, to Pequanock\\nriver thence by such river and the Passaic river to the sound\\nthence by the sound to Constable s Hook, where it began. These\\noriginal bounds have been much reduced by the formation of Pas-\\nsaic co., in 1837, and Hudson co., in 1840. It is now bounded N.\\nby Rockland co., (New York,) E. by Hudson river, S. by Passaic\\nand Hudson counties, and W. by Passaic co. It is 19 miles long,\\nE. and W. breadth on the E. line 14, and on the W. 9 miles. The\\nsurface of the central part is generally level or undulating. On\\nthe W. it is mountainous, and on the E. the lofty trap-ridge, known\\nas the Palisades, extends the whole width of the county, border-\\ning on Hudson river. The soil, particularly in the valleys, is fer-\\ntile, and productive in early summer vegetables, apples, straw-\\nberries, c, which find a market in the city of New York. The\\ninhabitants are of Dutch origin many still speak that language,\\npreserving much of their primitive simplicity of manners. In the\\nvalleys of the Hackensack and Saddle rivers, and on the adjacent\\nhills, are many small and beautiful farms, with neat cottages, in the\\nDutch style, painted white, surrounded by shrubbery the whole\\npresenting an air of rural content and thrift. The county is divided\\ninto the following 7 townships, all of which, excepting Lodi and\\nWashington, were incorporated in 1798\\nFranklin, Harrington, New Barbadoes, Washington,\\nHackensack, Lodi, Saddle River.\\nThe population of the county, in 1840, was 13,250.\\nFRANKLIN.\\nThis township measures across it, N. and S., 10 miles, and the\\nsame E. and W. It is bounded N. by Rockland co., (New York,)\\nE. by Washington and New Barbadoes, S. by Saddle River and", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "72 BERGEN COUNTY.\\nManchester, Passaic co., and W. by Pompton, Passaic co. The\\nSaddle river courses on its E. boundary and the Ramapo through\\nits western portion. The surface is undulating, and on the W.\\nmountainous. The soil is well-cultivated and productive. In 1840,\\nthe products of the dairies were valued at $19,800, being more\\nthan double that of any other township in the county the products\\nof the orchard, $15,547. There were raised 24,003 bushels of oats,\\n18,750 bushels of rye, and 18,652 of Indian corn. There were 5\\npaper-mills, and 6 cotton manufactories in the latter of which\\nwas invested a capital of $22,810, and the value of the cotton\\ncloth made $30,812; 15 grist-mills, 25 saw-mills; capital in\\nmanufactures, $40,633 13 schools, 462 scholars. Population, 4,010.\\nParamus, Hohokus, New Prospect, and Hopper s, are localities in\\nthe township the first of which, 7 miles NW. of Hackensack,\\ncontains a Reformed Dutch church, and a few dwellings. The re-\\nmainder are manufacturing vicinities.\\nWampum, or Indian money, is to the present day made in this\\ncounty, and sold to the Indian traders of the far west. It has been\\nmanufactured, by the females in this region, from very early times\\nfor the Indians and as every thing connected with this interesting\\nrace is destined, at no distant period, to exist only in history, we\\nannex a description of the manufacture.\\nThe wampum is made from the thick and blue part of sea-clam-\\nshells. The process is simple, but requires a skill only attained by\\nlong practice. The intense hardness and brittleness of the material\\nrender it impossible to produce the article by machinery alone. It is\\ndone by wearing or grinding the shell. The first process is to\\nsplit oft the thin part with a light sharp hammer. Then it is\\nclamped in the sawed crevice of a slender stick, held in both hands,\\nand ground smooth on a grindstone, until formed into an eight-\\nsided figure, of about an inch in length and nearly half an inch in\\ndiameter; when it is ready for boring. The shell then is inserted\\ninto another piece of wood, sawed similarly to the above, but fasten-\\ned firmly to a bench of the size of a common stand. One part of\\nthe wood projects over the bench, at the end of which hangs a\\nweight, causing the sawed orifice to close firmly upon the shell in-\\nserted on its under side, and to hold it firmly, as in a vice, ready\\nfor drilling. The drill is made from an untempered handsaw.\\nThe operator grinds the drill to a proper shape, and tempers it in\\nthe flame of a candle. A rude ring, with a groove on its circum-\\nference, is put on it around which the operator, (seated in font\\nof the fastened shell,) curls the string of a common hand-bow. The\\nboring commences, by nicely adjusting the point of the drill to the\\ncentre of the shell while the other end is braced against a steel\\nplate, on the breast of the operator. About every other sweep of\\nthe bow, the drill is dexterously drawn out, cleaned of the shelly\\nparticles by the thumb and finger, above which drops of water\\nfrom a vessel fall down and cool the drill which is still kept re-\\nvolving, by the use of the bow with the other hand, the same as", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "BERGEN COUNTY. 73\\nthough it were in the shell. This operation of boring is the most\\ndifficult of all, the peculiar motion of the drill rendering it hard\\nfor the breast yet it is performed with a rapidity and grace inter-\\nesting to witness. Peculiar care is observed, lest the shell burst\\nfrom heat caused by friction. When bored half way, the wampum\\nis reversed, and the same operation repeated. The next process is\\nthe finishing. A wire, about twelve inches long, is fastened at one\\nend to a bench. Under and parallel to the wire is a grindstone,\\nfluted on its circumference, hung a little out of the centre, so as to\\nbe turned by a treadle moved with the foot. The left hand grasps\\nthe end of the wire, on which are strung the wampum, and, as it\\nwere, wraps the beads around the fluted or hollow circumference\\nof the grindstone. While the grindstone is revolving, the beads\\nare held down on to it, and turned round by a flat piece of wood\\nheld in the right hand, and by the grinding soon become round and\\nsmooth. They are then strung on hempen strings, about a foot in\\nlength. From five to ten strings are a day s work for a female.\\nThey are sold to the country merchants for twelve and a half cents\\na string, always command cash, and constitute the support of many\\npoor and worthy families.\\nHACKENSACK.\\nThis township is 10 miles long, with a width varying from 3 to\\n5 miles. It is bounded N. by Harrington, E. by Hudson river, S.\\nby part of Hudson co., and W. by Lodi and New Barbadoes. On\\nthe E. the Palisades skirt along the Hudson. The W. part is gen-\\nerally level, and contains much meadow-land in the valleys of\\nHackensack river and English creek. The raising of garden\\nvegetables for the New York market furnishes support for many\\nof the inhabitants. The value in 1840 was $11,726; being more\\nthan double that of any other township in the county. There are\\n4 bridges over the Hackensack, in the township, one near the vil-\\nlage of Hackensack, and at New Milford, at Old Bridge, and at\\nNew Bridge. These three, with Schraalenberg, Closter, and Mount\\nClinton, contain each a few dwellings. English Neighborhood is a\\nthickly settled vicinity, in the south part, 5 miles from Hoboken,\\nwhere there is a Reformed Dutch and a Christ-ian church. The\\ntownship contains 5 stores, 9 grist m., 6 saw m. cap. in manufac.\\n$300 6 schools, 281 scholars. Population, 2,631.\\nThe Palisade rocks, with their bold and rugged fronts, commence\\na short distance above the city of New York, and form the western\\nbank of the Hudson to Tappan, a distance of twenty miles. Re-\\nmarkable for their picturesque and sublime appearance, they are\\njustly considered among the most interesting objects of natural\\nscenery in America. In some places they rise almost perpendicu-\\nlarly from the shore, to the height of five or six hundred feet, and\\nform for miles a solid wall of dark frowning rock, impressing the\\n10", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "74\\nBERGEN COUNTY.\\nPalisades. Hudson River.\\nstranger, as he sails along their base, with the aspect of nature in\\nher sterner forms. The summit is slightly undulating table-land,\\naveraging in width about two miles, and generally covered with\\nwood. From thence the mountain gently descends to the west, and\\nis cleared and cultivated, with many neat farm-houses at its base.\\nStill further on, is seen the Hackensack quietly coursing through a\\nbeautiful fertile valley; and in the perspective, the blue outlines of\\ndistant hills in the interior of the state.\\nFort Lee is a small village on the Hudson, 5 miles SE. of\\nHackensack, and 9 above New York. It consists of about 30\\ndwellings, irregularly grouped in a nook at the foot of the Pali-\\nsades. It derives its name from the fort built in the war of the rev-\\nolution, on the summit of the rocks, about 300 feet above the river,\\noverlooking the village. Traces of the ruins of the fortress still\\nexist, and until within a short time some of the stone huts used by\\nthe soldiers were standing. They were small, low, rude structures,\\nonly large enough for one or two men. In digging the cellar for\\nthe hotel, a few years since, swords, bullets, bayonets, and other\\nmilitary relics were found. The site of the fort is overgrown with\\nlow trees.\\nFort Washington is on the opposite side of the Hudson, about\\nthree miles above. When it was taken, Nov. 16, 1776, and the\\ngarrison put to the sword, tradition affirms that Washington stood\\non Bluff Point a high eminence just N. of Fort Lee, and with a\\nspyglass witnessing the massacre, appeared greatly agitated, and", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "BERGEN COUNTY. 75\\nwept. Four days after, the Americans evacuated Fort Lee. The\\nfollowing account is from the American Crisis, by the author of\\nCommon Sense.\\nAs I was with the troops at Fort Lee, and marched with them to the edge of Penn.\\nsylvania, I am well acquainted with many circumstances which those who lived at a\\ndistance knew a little or nothing of. Our situation there was exceedingly cramped, the\\nplace being on a narrow neck of land, between the North river and Hackensack. Our\\nforce was inconsiderable, being not one fourth as great as Howe could bring against us.\\nWe had no army at hand to have relieved the garrison, had we shut ourselves up and\\nstood on the defence. Our ammunition, light artillery, and the best part of our stores\\nhad been removed, upon the apprehension that Howe would endeavor to penetrate the\\nJerseys, in which case Fort Lee could be of no use to us, for it must occur to every\\nthinking man, whether in the army or not, that these kind of field forts are only for tem-\\nporary purposes, and last in use no longer than the enemy directs his force against the\\nparticular object which sucli forts are raised to defend.\\nSuch was our situation and condition at Fort Lee on the morning of the 20th of No-\\nvember, when an officer arrived with information that the enemy with two hundred boats\\nhad landed about seven or eight miles above. Major Gen. Greene, who commanded the\\ngarrison, immediately ordered them under arms, and sent an express to his Excellency\\nGen. Washington, at the town of Hackensack, distant by the way of the ferry six\\nmiles. Our first object was to secure the bridge over the Hackensack, which laid up\\nthe river between the enemy and us about six miles from us, and three from them.\\nGen. Washington arrived in about three quarters of an hour, and marched at the head\\nof the troops toward the bridge, at which place I expected we should have a brush. How-\\never, they did not choose to dispute it with us, and the greatest part of our troops went\\nover the bridge, the rest over the ferry, except some which passed at a mill on a small\\ncreek between the bridge and ferry, and made their way through some marshy ground\\nup to the town of Hackensack, and there passed the river. We brought off as much\\nbaggage as the wagons could contain the rest was lost. The simple object was to\\nbring off the garrison, and to march them on until they could be strengthened by the\\nPennsylvania or Jersey militia, so as to be enabled to make a stand. We staid four days\\nat Newark, collected in our outposts, with some of the Jersey militia, and marched out\\ntwice to meet the enemy on information of their being advancing, though our numbers\\nwere greatly inferior to theirs.\\nA few miles below Fort Lee, at the base of the Palisades, is an-\\nother small village called Bulls Ferry, from a ferry which has ex-\\nisted there for more than half a century. Immediately below the\\nvillage stood, in the war of the revolution, a small blockhouse, in\\npossession of the enemy. It was unsuccessfully stormed by Gen.\\nWayne. The account of this event is thus given by Washington.\\nHead Quarters, Bergen Co., July 21, 1780.\\nSir Having received information that there were considerable numbers of cattle and\\nhorses in Bergen Neck, within reach of the enemy, and having reason to suspect that\\nthey meant shortly to draw all supplies of that kind within their lines, I detached Brig.\\nGen. Wayne on the 20th, with the first and second Pennsylvania brigades, with four\\npieces of artillery attached to them, and Col. Moylan s regiment ot dragoons, to bring\\nthem off. I had it also in contemplation, to attempt at the same time the destruction of\\na blockhouse erected at Bulls Ferry, which served the purpose of covering the enemy s\\nwood-cutters, and giving security to a body of refugees, by whom it was garrisoned, and\\nwho committed depredations upon the well-affected inhabitants for many miles around.\\nGen. Wayne having disposed his troops in such a manner as to guard the different\\nlanding-places on the Bergen shore, upon which the enemy might throw over troops from\\nYork Island to intercept his retreat, and having sent down the cavalry to execute the\\nbusiness of driving off the flock, proceeded with the first, second, and tenth regiments,\\nand the artillery, to the blockhouse, which he surrounded by an abattis and stockade.\\nHe for some time tried the effect of his field-pieces upon it, but though the fire was kept\\nup for an hour, they were found too light to penetrate the logs of which it was construct-\\ned. The troops during this time being galled by a constant fire from the loopholes of the\\nhouse, and seeing no chance of making a breach with cannon, those of the first and sec-", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "76 BERGEN COUNTY.\\nond regiments, notwithstanding the utmost efforts of the officers to retain them, rushed\\nthrough the abattis to the foot of the stockade, with the view of forcing an entrance,\\nwhich was found impracticable. This act of intemperate valor was the cause of the loss\\nwe sustained, and which amounted in the whole to 3 officers wounded, 15 non-commis-\\nsioned officers and privates killed, and 46 non-commissioned and privates wounded.\\nThe wounded officers are Lieutenants Hammond and Crawford, of the first, and Lieut.\\nD Heart of the second, since dead. I cannot but mention his death with regret, as he\\nwas a young gentleman of amiable qualities, and who promised fair to be serviceable to\\nhis country.\\nThe dragoons in the mean time drove off the stock which were found in the Neck\\nthe sloops and wood-boats in the dock near the blockhouse were burnt, and the few peo-\\nple on board them made prisoners.\\nI have been thus particular, lest the account of this affair should have reached Phila-\\ndelphia much exaggerated, as is commonly the case upon such occasions.\\nI have the honor to be, with the greatest respect, Sir,\\nYour Excellency s most obedient servant,\\nGEORGE WASHINGTON.\\nTo his Excellency, Samuel Huntington, Esa.\\nIt is stated by tradition, that at the time the Americans drew off,\\nthe enemy had but a single round left. Had they persevered ten\\nminutes longer, the fort would have fallen into their hands. Wayne\\nwas much chagrined at his want of success, and, on witnessing his\\nbrave men brought off mortally wounded, shed tears.\\nThe following are extracts from letters published in the news-\\npapers of the time\\nExtract from a letter dated New Barbadoes, Bergen Co., April 22, 1779.\\nYesterday evening Capt. Jon. Hopper, a brave and spirited officer of the militia of\\nthis county, was basely murdered by a party of ruffians from New York. He discovered\\nthem breaking open his stable door and hailed them, upon which they fired and wounded\\nhim he returned to his house they followed, burst open the door, and bayoneted him\\nin upwards of 20 places. One of them had formerly been a neighbor of his.\\nExtract of a letter dated Closter, May 10, 1779.\\nThis day about 100 of the enemy came by the way of New Dock, attacked this place,\\nand carried off Cornelius Tallman, Samuel Demarest, Jacob Cole, and George Buskirk;\\nkilled Cornelius Demarest wounded Hendrick Demarest, Jeremiah Vestervelt, Dow\\nTallman, c. They burnt the dwelling-houses of Peter Demarest, Matthias Bogart, and\\nCornelius Huylcr, Samuel Demarcst s house and barn, John Banta s house and barn, and\\nCornelius Bogart s and John Vestervelt s barns. They attempted to burn every building\\nthey entered, but the fire was in some places extinguished. They destroyed all the fur-\\nniture, c, in many houses, and abused many of the women. In their retreat they were\\nso closely pursued by the militia, and a few continental troops, that they took orT no cat-\\ntle. They were of Buskirk s corps, some of our Closter and old Tappan neighbors, joined\\nby a party of negroes. I should have mentioned the negroes first, in order to grace the\\nBritish arms.\\nExtract of a letter from New Barbadoes, July 22, 1779.\\nOn Sunday afternoon, the 10th instant, a party of refugees and lories, in number\\nabout 20, under the command of a Lieut. Waller, (as it is said,) landed at Closter Dock,\\nand advanced to the neighborhood called Closter, from which they collected and drove\\noff a considerable number of cattle and horses, in order to carry them on board a sloop\\nwhich they had brought up for that purpose. They were pursued by Captain Harring\\nand Thomas Branch, Esq., at the head of a few of their neighbors, hastily collected,\\nwho recovered all the cattle except two, and a calf, and all the horses save one, and an old\\nmare, which they had got on board previous to the arrival of Captain Harring. The\\nCaptain took two prisoners, seven stand of arms, and three suits of clothes, and obliged\\nthe enemy to cut their cable, conceal themselves below deck, and let their vessel drive\\nwith the tide, notwithstanding above 20 vessels in the river attempted to protect them\\nby cannonading Captain Harring.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "BERGEN COUNTY.\\n77\\nHARRINGTON.\\nThis township was reduced, in 1840, about one half, by the form-\\nation of Washington from the western portion. It approaches in\\nform to a square, and measures across it, each way, about 5 miles.\\nIt is bounded N. by Rockland co., (New York,) E. by Hudson river,\\nS. by Hackensack, and W. by Washington. The Palisades skirt it\\non its eastern boundary, and the Hackensack river divides it from\\nWashington. The soil is fertile, and the township produces large\\nquantities of orchard-fruit. The township contains 3 stores, 4 grist-\\nmills, 4 saw-mills capital in manufactures $5,200 6 schools,\\n154 scholars. Population, 1,130.\\nPlace of the Execution and Grave of Andre.\\nThe village of Tappan is just over the boundary line, in the state\\n\u00c2\u00a9f New York. The place where Maj. Andre was executed is\\nabout a quarter of a mile west of the village, within a few hun-\\ndred yards of the New Jersey line. It is on an eminence, over-\\nlooking, to the east, a romantic and fertile valley. A small heap\\nof stones, thrown carelessly together, with an upright stake, marks\\nthe place .of his execution and grave. In August, 1831, the Brit-\\nish consul at New York, (J. Buchanan, Esq.) caused the remains\\nof Andre to be disinterred, and conveyed to London.\\nThe following account of the execution of Andre, which took\\nplace October 2d, 1780, is given by an eye-witness\\nI was at that time an artificer in Col. Jeduthun Baldwin s regiment, a part of which\\nwas stationed within a short distance of the spot where Andre suffered. One of our men,\\n(I believe his name was Armstrong,) being one of the oldest and best workmen at his\\ntrade in the regiment, was selected to make his coffin, which he performed, and painted\\nblack, agreeably to the custom in those times.\\nAt this time Andre was confined, in what was called a Dutch church, a small stone\\nbuilding, with only one door, and closely guarded by six sentinels. When the hour ap-\\npointed for his execution arrived, which I believe was two o clock, P. M., a guard of\\nthree hundred men were paraded at the place of his confinement. A kind of procession\\nwas formed by placing the guard in single file on each side of the road. In front were\\na large number of American officers, of high rank, on horseback. These were followed\\nby the wagon containing Andre s coffin then a large number of officers on foot, with\\nAndre in their midst. The procession moved slowly up a moderately-rising hill, I should", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "78 BERGEN COUNTY.\\nthink about a fourth of a mile to the west. On the top was a field without an}*- enclo-\\nsure. In this was a very high gallows, made by setting up two poles or crotches, laying\\na pole on the top. The wagon that contained the coffin was drawn directly under the\\ngallows. In a short time Andre stepped into the nind end of the wagon then on his\\ncoffin took off his hat and laid it down then placed his hands upon his hips, and\\nwalked very uprightly back and forth, as far as the length of his coffin would permit at\\nthe same time casting his eyes upon the pole over his head, and the whole scenery by\\nwhich he was surrounded. He was dressed in what I should call a complete British\\nuniform his coat was of the brightest scarlet, faced or trimmed with the most beautiful\\ngreen. His under-clothes, or vest and breeches, were bright buff, very similar to those\\nworn by military officers in Connecticut, at the present day. He had a long and beauti-\\nful head of hair, which, agreeably to the fashion, was wound with a black riband, and\\nhung down his back. All eyes were upon him and it is not believed that any officer in\\nthe British army, placed in his situation, would have appeared better than this unfortu-\\nnate man.\\nNot many minutes after he took his stand upon the coffin, the executioner stepped\\ninto the wagon, with a halter in his hand, on one end of which was what the soldiers in\\nthose days called a hangman s knot, which he attempted to put over the head and around\\nthe neck of Andre but by a sudden movement of his hand this was prevented. Andre\\ntook off the handkerchief from his neck, unpinned his shirt-collar, and deliberately took\\nthe end of the halter, put it over his head, and placed the knot directly under his right\\near, and drew it very snugly to his neck. He then took from his coat-pocket a handker-\\nchief, and tied it over his eyes. This done, the officer that commanded (his name I\\nhave forgotten) spoke in rather a loud voice, and said that his arms must be tied. Andre\\nat once pulled down the handkerchief he had just tied over his eyes, and drew from his\\npocket a second one, and gave to the executioner and then replaced his handkerchief.\\nHis arms were tied just above the elbows, and behind the back. The rope was then\\nmade fast to the pole overhead. The wagon was very suddenly drawn from under the\\ngallows, which, together with the length of rope, gave him a most tremendous swing\\nback and forth but in a few moments he hung entirely still. During the whole trans-\\naction, he appeared as little daunted as Mr. John Rogers, when he was about to be burnt\\nat the stake but his countenance was rather pale. He remained hanging, I should\\nthink, from tweny to thirty minutes and during that time the chambers of death were\\nnever stiller than the multitude by which he was surrounded. Orders were given to cut\\nthe rope, and take him down, without letting him fall. This was done, and his body\\ncarefully laid on the ground. Shortly after, the guard was withdrawn, and spectators\\nwere permitted to come forward to view the corpse but the crowd was so great that it\\nwas some time before I could get an opportunity. When I was able to do this, his coat,\\nvest, and breeches were taken off, and his body laid in the coffin, covered by some un-\\nder-clothes. The top of the coffin was not put on. I viewed the corpse more carefully\\nthan I had ever done that of any human being before. His head was very much on one\\nside, in consequence of the manner in which the halter drew upon his neck. His face\\nappeared to be greatly swollen and very black, much resembling a high degree of morti-\\nfication. It was indeed a shocking sight to behold. There were at this time, standing\\nat the foot of the coffin, two young men, of uncommon short stature I should think not\\nmore than four feet high. Their dress was the most gaudy that I ever beheld. One of\\nthem had the clothes, just taken from Andre, hanging, on Iris arm. I took particular\\npains to learn who they were, and was informed that they were his servants, sent up from\\nNew York to take care of his clothes but what other business I did not learn.\\nI now turned to take a view of the executioner, who was still standing by one of the\\nposts of the gallows. I walked nigh enough to bun to have laid my hand upon his\\nshoulder, and looked him directly in his face. He appeared to be about twenty-five years\\nA age, his beard of two or three weeks growth, and his whole face covered with what\\nappeared to me to be blacking taken from the outside of a greasy pot. A more fright-\\nful-looking being I never beheld his whole countenance bespoke him to be a fit instru-\\nment for the business he had been doing. Wishing to see the closing of the whole\\nbusiness, I remained upon the spot until scarce twenty persons were left but the cof-\\nfin was still beside the grave, which had previously been dug. I now returned to my tent,\\nwith my mind deeply imbued with the shocking scene I had been called to witness.\\nThe following account of the massacre of Col. Baylor s troop, in\\nOctober, 1778, is taken from Ramsay s History of the American\\nRevolution, (vol. ii.) This bloody transaction took place (it is", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "BERGEN COUNTY. 79\\nstated) about two and a half miles SW. of Tappan, in a barn which\\nformerly stood near Hackensack river.\\nOne of the most disastrous events which occurred at this period of the\\ncampaign, was the surprise and massacre of an American regiment of light\\ndragoons, commanded by Lieut. Col. Baylor. While employed, in a de-\\ntached situation, to intercept and watch a British foraging party, they took\\nup their lodging in a barn, near Tappan. The officer who commanded the\\nparty which surprised them was Maj. Gen. Grey. He acquired the name\\nof the no-flint General, from his common practice of ordering the men un-\\nder his command to take the flints out of their muskets, that they might be\\nconfined to the use of their bayonets. A party of militia, which had been\\nstationed on the road, by which the British advanced, quitted their post,\\nwithout giving any notice to Col. Baylor. This disorderly conduct was the\\noccasion of the disaster which followed. Grey s men proceeded with such\\nsilence and address, that they cut off a sergeant s patrol, without noise, and\\nsurrounded old Tappan without being discovered. They then rushed in\\nupon Baylor s regiment, while they were in a profound sleep. Incapable\\nof defence or resistance, cut off from every prospect of selling their lives\\ndearly, the surprised dragoons sued for quarters. Unmoved by their sup-\\nplications, their adversaries applied the bayonet, and continued its repeated\\nthrusts while objects could be found, in which any signs of life appeared.\\nA few escaped, and others, after having received from five to eleven bayo-\\nnet wounds in the trunk of the body, were restored, in course of time, to\\nperfect health. Baylor himself was wounded, but not dangerously. He\\nlost, in killed, wounded, and taken, 67 privates, out of 104. About 40 were\\nmade prisoners. These were indebted for their lives to the humanity of\\none of Grey s captains, who gave quarters to the whole fourth troop, though\\ncontrary to the orders of his superior officers. The circumstance of the at-\\ntack being made in the night, when neither order nor discipline can be ob-\\nserved, may apologize, in some degree, with men of a certain description,\\nfor this bloody scene. It cannot be maintained that the laws of war re-\\nquire that quarters should be given in similar assaults but the lovers of\\nmankind must ever contend, that the laws of humanity are of superior ob-\\nligation to those of war. The truly brave will spare when resistance\\nceases, and in every case where it can be done in safety. The perpetra-\\ntors of such actions may justly be denominated the enemies of refined so-\\nciety. As far as their example prevails, it tends to arrest the growing hu-\\nmanity of modern times, and to revive the barbarism of Gothic ages. On\\nthese principles, the massacre of Col. Baylor s regiment was the subject of\\nmuch complaint. The particulars of it were ascertained, by the oaths of\\nsundry credible witnesses, taken before Gov. Livingston, of Jersey and\\nthe whole was submitted to the judgment of the public.\\nLODI.\\nThis township was formed from New Barbadoes, in 1825, and\\nreduced in limits, in 1840, by the formation of Hudson co. Its\\nlength is about 6 miles. It is bounded N. by New Barbadoes, E.\\nby Hackensack, S. by Hudson co., and.W. by Hudson co. and Saddle\\nRiver. The Saddle river courses on its western, and the Hacken-", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "80 BERGEN COUNTY\\nsack on its eastern boundary. As tending to show the preservation\\nof the ancient Dutch names in this region, it is mentioned that in\\na sabbath-school, formed in this township, in 1827 or 1828, out of\\n41 scholars, 40 bore the name of Yierriance. This township con-\\ntains a dyeing and printing establishment, 3 grist-mills, 3 saw-mills\\ncapital in manufactures, $70,000 2 schools, 52 scholars. Popula-\\ntion, 687.\\nNEW BARBADOES.\\nThis township is about 7 miles long, and 3i wide. It is bounded\\nN. by Washington, E. by Hackensack, S. by Lodi, and W. by Saddle\\nRiver and Franklin. The Hackensack is on the eastern, and\\nSaddle river on the western boundary. The surface is generally\\nlevel, or undulating the soil is highly cultivated and productive.\\nSeveral sloops ply, on the Hackensack, between here and New\\nYork, laden with the wood and produce of the country. Popula-\\ntion, 2,104.\\nHackensack, the seat of justice for Bergen co., is on the west\\nbank of Hackensack river, 13 miles from New York city. The\\ntown was originally settled by six or eight Dutch families, and in-\\ncluded in a patent, granted by the proprietors of East Jersey, to\\nCapt. John Berry, commencing about 5 miles below the town, at\\nwhat was then called the Boiling Spring road, and extending to the\\nnorth of it about 2 miles and bounded on the E. by Hackensack,\\nand W. by Saddle River. It was subject to a quit-rent all the\\ntitles to lots in the town are derived originally from this grant\\nbut no quit-rents have been paid since the revolution.\\nAt the commencement of the revolutionary war Hackensack\\ncontained only about 30 houses. It now has over 200, and a popu-\\nlation of about 1,500. There are 4 churches. The Ref. Protestant\\nDutch church is a handsome stone edifice (shown in the annexed\\nengraving) on one side of the public green. It is the third built on\\nthat site. The first was erected in 1696, and the present one in\\n1791. There is another in the lower part of the town, erected\\nby a congregation formed from the first, styled the True Re-\\nformed Dutch church. The third one, called The Independent\\nchurch, was formed from the last. There is also a Methodist\\nchurch in the village. The last three are wooden structures erect-\\ned within a few years. The courthouse built in 1819, a handsome\\nbrick building, is the fourth erected.\\nHackensack is one of the most pleasant villages in the state,\\nstretching along through the meadows, on two main streets, for a\\nmile or more back of these is a new street recently laid out.\\nThere are four streets leading from the front to the rear streets.\\nThere are several elegant mansions in the town, and a great addi-\\ntion is made to its appearance by the cultivation of shade-trees and\\nshrubbery. From a hill about a quarter of a mile west is a beau-", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "BERGEN COUNTY.\\n81\\nView of the Courthouse and Church, Hackensack.\\ntiful landscape, comprising the whole of the town with its neat\\nwhite buildings, the Hackensack quietly meandering through fertile\\nmeadows, and in the distance the high hills bounding the Hudson,\\nThere are 5 large stores, besides several smaller ones, which do an\\nextensive business with the surrounding country. Six vessels are\\nconstantly plying between here and New York a considerable\\nlumber trade is carried on, and large quantities of pine wood for\\nsteamboats are brought from Virginia. The town has many me-\\nchanics of almost every variety, and 4 taverns, 3 of which are on\\nthe village green. There are 2 academies and 1 female boarding-\\nschool, and also a select grammar-school, where young men are\\nprepared for college, under the direction of Rev. John S. Mabon,\\nA. M. The stone academy built in 1762, was the first erected in\\nthe village. The frame academy at the upper end of the town has\\nbeen built only a few years. There are three turnpikes leading\\nfrom the place one to Fort Lee, one to Paterson, and one to Ho-\\nboken. The last was the second chartered in New Jersey*\\nWe are indebted to the kindness of an eye-witness, for the fol-\\nlowing detailed account of military operations in this place and\\nvicinity in the war of the revolution.\\nAfter the evacuation of Fort Lee in Nov., 1776, and the sur-\\nrender of Fort Washington to the British, Washington, at the head\\nof his army, consisting only of about 3,000 men, having sent on his\\nbaggage to Acquackanonck, crossed the New Bridge into the town.\\nIt was about dusk when the head of the troops entered Hacken-\\nsack. The night was dark, cold, and rainy, but I had a fair view\\nof them from the light of the windows, as they passed on our side\\nof the street. They marched two abreast, looked ragged, some\\nwithout a shoe to their feet, and most of them wrapped in their\\nblankets. Washington then, and for some time previous, had his\\nhead-quarters at the residence of Mr. Peter Zabriskie, a private\\nhouse, the supplies for the general s table being furnished by Mr.\\n11", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "82 BERGEN COUNTY.\\nArchibald Campbell, the tavern-keeper. The next evening, af-\\nter the Americans had passed through, the British were encamped\\non the opposite side of the river. We could see their fires about\\n100 yards apart, gleaming brilliantly in the gloom of night, ex-\\ntending some distance below the town, and more than a mile up\\ntoward the New Bridge. Washington was still at his quarters,\\nand had with him his suite, life-guards, a company of foot, a regi-\\nment of cavalry, and some soldiers from the rear of the army. In\\nthe morning, before the general left, he rode down to the dock\\nwhere the bridge now is, viewed the enemy s encampment about\\nten or fifteen minutes, and then returned to Mr. Campbell s door\\nand called for some wine and water. After he had drunk, and when\\nMr. Campbell was taking the glass from him, the latter, with tears\\nstreaming down his face, said, General, what shall I do, I have a\\nfamily of small children and a little property here shall I leave\\nit V Washington kindly took his hand and replied, Mr. Campbell,\\nstay by your property and keep neutral] then bidding him good-\\nbye, rode off. About noon the next day, the British took posses-\\nsion of the town, and in the afternoon the green was covered with\\nHessians, a horrid, frightful sight to the inhabitants. There were\\nbetween 3,000 and 4,000, with their whiskers, brass caps, and ket-\\ntles or brass drums. A part of these same troops were two months\\nafter taken prisoners at Trenton.\\nIn the latter part of March, 1780, a party of about 400 British,\\nHessians, and refugees, passed through Hackensack on their way\\nto attack some Pennsylvania troops at Paramus. It was about 3\\no clock in the night when they entered the lower part of the town.\\nAll was quiet. A small company of 20 or 30 militia, under Capt.\\nJohn Outwater, had retired for the night to the barracks, barns, and\\nout-houses, where those friendly to the American cause generally\\nresorted to rest. One half of the enemy marched quietly through,\\nWhen the rear, consisting mostly of Hessians, arrived, they broke\\nopen the doors and windows, robbed and plundered, and took pris-\\noners a few peaceable inhabitants, among whom was Mr. Archi-\\nbald Campbell. This gentleman, who had been for several weeks\\nconfined to his bed with the rheumatism, they forced into the street\\nand compelled to follow them. Often in their rear, they threatened\\nto shoot him if he did not hasten his pace. In the subsequent con-\\nfusion he escaped and hid in the cellar of a house opposite the\\nNew Bridge. He lived until 1798, and never experienced a return\\nof the rheumatism.\\nThe Hessians burnt 2 dwellings and the courthouse. The latter\\nstood on the west side of the green, 8 or 10 rods from Campbell s\\ntavern. Fortunately the wind was from the west and drove the\\nflames and sparks over the green, and the tavern was saved by the\\nfamily throwing water over the roof. At this time those in the out-\\nhouses were aroused, and the militia hastened across the fields,\\nmounted horses, and alarmed the troops at Paramus. By the time\\nthe enemy had arrived at what is now the Red Mills, 4 miles from", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "BERGEN COUNTY. 83\\nHackensack, they ascertained the Americans were on their way to\\nmeet them. Disappointed, they retraced their steps, and when\\nnear Hackensack turned off to the north, on the road leading to\\nthe New Bridge, to the left of which there is a range about half a\\nmile distant from the road, the intervening ground being level.\\nHere the continentals and militia were hurrying over, kept how-\\never at a distance by large flanking parties of the enemy, who, on\\narriving at the bridge, were detained about two hours in replacing\\nthe plank torn off by the Americans. In the mean time their par-\\nties were skirmishing with our people. Having crossed over, they\\nmarched down the east side of the Hackensack through the Eng-\\nlish Neighborhood, being pursued 12 miles, to a considerable distance\\nwithin their lines, down to Bergen woods. They lost many killed\\nand wounded. There were none killed on our side. A young\\nman of the town was wounded by a spent ball, which cut his up-\\nper lip, knocked out four front teeth, and was caught in his mouth.\\nCapt. Outwater received a ball below the knee, which was never\\nextracted. He carried it for many years, and it was buried with him.\\nThe following account of an exploit performed about one and a\\nhalf miles from the New Bridge, by the celebrated Aaron Burr, then\\nin the revolutionary army, is from a statement made by Judge\\nG. Gardner.\\nIn September, 1777, the regiment called Malcom s regiment\\nlay at Suffren s, in the Clove, under the command of Lieutenant-\\ncolonel Burr. Intelligence having been received that the enemy\\nwere in Hackensack in great force, and advancing into the coun-\\ntry, Col. Burr immediately marched with the effective men, except\\na guard to take care of the camp We arrived at Para-\\nmus, a distance of 16 miles, before sunset. There were considera-\\nble bodies of militia in great alarm and disorder, and doing much\\nmischief to the neighboring farms. They could give no intelligence\\nof the enemy but from rumor. They supposed them to be within a\\nfew miles and advancing.\\nCol. Burr set some of the militia to repair the fences they had\\ndestroyed, and arranged them as well as time would permit and\\nhaving taken measures to secure the troops from surprise, and also\\nfor the protection of the cornfields, he marched immediately, with\\nabout 30 of the most active of the regiment, and a few of the mi-\\nlitia, to ascertain the position and numbers of the enemy. About\\n10 o clock at night, being 3 miles from Hackensack, we got certain\\nintelligence that we were within a mile of the picket guard of the\\nenemy. Col. Burr then led the men into a wood, and ordered them\\nto sleep till he should awake them, of which we had great need,\\nhaving marched more than 30 miles since noon. Col. Burr then\\nwent alone to discover the position of the enemy. He returned\\nabout half an hour before day and waked us, and told us that he\\nwas going to attack the picket of the enemy that we had only to\\nfollow him, and then forbid any man to speak or to fire, on pain of\\ndeath. He then led us between the sentinels in such a way, that", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "84 BERGEN COUNTY.\\nwe were within a few yards of the picket guard before they sus-\\npected our approach. He then gave the word, and we rushed up-\\non them before they had time to take their arms, and the greater\\npart were killed. A few prisoners and some accoutrements were\\nbrought off without the loss of one man. Col. Burr immediately\\nsent off an express to Paramus, to order all the troops to move, and\\nto rally the country. Our little success had so encouraged the in-\\nhabitants, that they turned out with great alacrity and put them-\\nselves under the command of Col. Burr. But the enemy, probably\\nalarmed by these threatening appearances, retreated the next day,\\nleaving behind them the greater part of the plunder which they had\\ntaken.\\nThe following inscriptions are copied from monuments in the\\ngraveyard annexed to the church. The first is on a tall granite\\nmonument in the rear of the building, and the last on a flat\\nstone lying horizontally upon the ground, under the willow seen\\nin the preceding engraving.\\nIn memory of Col. Richard Varick, formerly mayor of the city of New York, and\\nat the time of his decease, president of the American Bible Society. Born 25th March,\\n1753. Died 3Uth of July, 1631, aged 78 years, 4 months, and 5 days.\\nIn memory of Peter Wilson, LL.D., who was born in the parish of Ordignhill in\\nthe shire of Bamff, Scotland, Nov. 23d, 1746, and emigrated to this county in 1763.\\nFor many years he was the efficient and successful principal of the academy in this\\nplace, and afterward of that at Flatbush, L. I., and for 26 years officiated as professor\\nof languages in Columbia College. A zealous and successful patriot and Christian, and\\nexemplary in all the public, social, and domestic relations which he sustained, he closed\\na life of indefatigable activity and constant usefulness, on the 1st of August, 1825, in\\nthe 7yth year of his age. Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord. They rest from\\ntheir labors and their works do follow them.\\nIn memory of the Hon. Brigadier-general Enoch Poor, of the state of New Hamp-\\nshire, who departed this life on the 8th day of September, 1760, aged 44 years.\\nAt the time of the death of General Poor, the American army\\nwas at Kinerhamach, near the line of New York and New Jersey.\\nThe funeral was attended by Washington and Lafayette, and the\\nprocession, composed of a long line of soldiers, both foot and horse,\\nextended from the church to the upper end of the town. They\\nhad 2 field-pieces, which were not discharged, probably on account\\nof the vicinity to the enemy. Lafayette, on his last visit to this\\neountry, was shown the grave. He was much affected, and on\\nturning away, exclaimed, Ah that was one of my generals\\nSADDLE RIVER.\\nSaddle River, previous to the formation of Passaic co., com-\\nprised within its limits what is now Manchester of that co. It was\\nthen shaped like a saddle, from which it derived its name. It is\\nnow 7 miles long and 2 wide, and is bounded N. by Franklin, E.\\nby New Barbadoes, SE. by Lodi, and W. by Acquackanonck and\\nManchester. The Passaic courses its western and the Saddle", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "BURLINGTON COUNTY. 85\\nriver its E. line. The latter merges into the former at the S. point\\nof the township. The surface is level, and the soil well-cultivated,\\nand very productive in garden vegetables. The township contains\\n4 grist-m., 1 saw-m. 3 schools, 86 scholars. Pop. 828.\\nWASHINGTON.\\nWashington was formed from the western part t f Harrington in\\n1840. It is about 7 miles long, 5 wide, and is bounded N. by Rock-\\nland co., N. Y., E. by Harrington, S. by New Barbadoes, and W.\\nby Franklin. The Saddle river courses on its W., and the Hacken-\\nsack on its E. boundary. The surface is level and well watered.\\nThe dairy business is extensively carried on, Paskack, is the name\\nof the post-office in this township, 10 miles N. of Hackensack, and\\n73 from Trenton. The township contains 6 stores, cap. $7,300 6\\ngrist-m., 14 saw-m.; cap. in manufac. $5,200 4 schools, 135 schol-\\nars. Pop. 1,833.\\nBURLINGTON COUNTY.\\nThe bounds of Burlington co. were first established (though not\\nwith much particularity) in 1694. They were definitely settled by\\nthe act of 1710. The limits were reduced in 1710 by the forma-\\ntion of Hunterdon co., by which the Assanpink creek was made the\\nnorthern boundary, and still further in 1838 by the erection of Mer-\\ncer co., when the township of Nottingham was annexed to the new\\ncounty. This county derives its name from the town of Burlington,\\nwhich was early settled by English Friends. It is a long tract, ex-\\ntending from the Delaware river to the Atlantic ocean being the\\nonly county that reaches across the width of the state. Its extreme\\nlength is about 50 miles breadth on the NW. about 22, and near\\nthe SE. end about 13 miles. It is bounded NNW. by the Delaware\\nriver, N. by Mercer co., ENE. by Monmouth co., SE. by the Atlan-\\ntic ocean, and SW. by Atlantic and Gloucester counties. The\\ncounty is of an alluvial formation, composed of sand, gravel, loam,\\nand clay, and its surface is generally level or undulating. In the\\ninterior, a few miles from the Delaware, is a strip of exceedingly\\nfertile land several miles wide, on which are some of the finest\\nfarms in the state, highly cultivated, and much improved by the\\nmarl which abounds there. The prominent agricultural products\\nof the county are wheat, corn, rye, oats, grass, beans, and potatoes.\\nBeyond the above tract, for about forty miles, nearly to the sea-shore,\\nthe whole country is generally a light sandy soil covered princi-\\npally with pines, in which are but few inhabitants, who are occu-\\npied in cutting timber for transportation, or are employed in the\\nglass works and iron foundries scattered here and there over its\\nsurface. Along the sea-shore is a narrow strip of fertile land.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "86 BURLINGTON COUNTY.\\nThe SE. part of the county is watered by the Little Egg Harbor\\nriver and its branches, which flow to the ocean the NW. by the\\nRancocus, Crosswick s creek, and other streams emptying into the\\nDelaware.\\nBurlington co. is divided into the following 1 1 townships, all of\\nwhich, excepting Washington, were incorporated in 1798.\\nBurlington Evesham Mansfield Washington\\nChester Hanover Northampton Willingboro\\nChesterfield Little Egg Harbor Springfield\\nThe population of the townships now composing the county, in\\n1810, was 23,745; in 1820,25,189 in 1830,27,209 in 1840,32,836.\\nBURLINGTON.\\nThe extreme length of Burlington is 7 miles. It is bounded NE.\\nby Mansfield, SE. by Northampton, SW. by Willingboro, and N W.\\nby the Delaware river. Pop. 3,434. Its surface is level, or gently\\nundulating, and its soil fertile.\\nBurlington city, of Burlington township, Burlington county, 20\\nmiles NE. from Philadelphia, 158 from Washington city, and 12\\nSW. from Trenton, is pleasantly situated upon the river Delaware,\\nopposite Bristol in Pennsylvania. Among the original purchasers\\nof West Jersey lands, were two companies, one composed of some\\nFriends in Yorkshire, and the other of some Friends in Lon-\\ndon, who each contracted and had patents for considerable shares.\\nIn 1667, commissioners were sent by them empowered to buy lands\\nof the natives, c. (For the names of the commissioners, see\\nSmith s History of New Jersey.) They embarked in the Kent,\\n(being the second ship from London to the western parts.) Charles\\nII, pleasuring in his barge on the Thames, came alongside and gave\\nthem his blessing. In June of that year, said commissioners ar-\\nrived at an island in the Delaware on the Jersey shore, (now at-\\ntached to the main land by causeways and bridges,) called from an\\nold Indian chief, Chygoe s Island. Here the two parties above re-\\nferred to agreed to unite in settling a town. Noble, a surveyor\\nwho came in the first ship, was employed to divide the spot. The\\nmain street (now High-street) being ascertained, he divided the\\nland on each side into lots, the eastern among the Yorkshire pro-\\nprietors, the other among the Londoners. To the town, thus by\\nmutual consent laid out, the commissioners gave the name first of\\nNew Beverly, then of Bridlington, and finally Burlington. Corpo-\\nration privileges were first granted to it by the General Assembly\\nof New Jersey, in May, 1693, and May, 1695 the bounds extending\\nonly to the island. It was incorporated by letters patent of George\\nII, A. D. 1734, extending the limits to the township. The present\\ncharter bears date Dec. 21st, 1784, and declares it to extend the\\nlength of 3 miles on the river Delaware, and one mile into the\\ncounty from the river at right angles. Prior to 1676, the site of", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "BURLINGTON COUNTY.\\n87\\nSt. Mary s Hall, and Bishop Doane s Residence.\\n[The annexed engraving is a representation of St. Mary s Hall seen on the left, and\\nof Bishop Doane s residence, a Gothic structure, seen on the right]\\nthis town was holden by 4 Dutch families, one of whom kept an\\ninn for the accommodation of travellers passing to and from the\\nsettlements on the west shores of the Delaware, and New York.\\nIt contains about 500 dwellings, and about 3,200 inhabitants, of\\nwhom about 300 are colored. It has places for divine worship as\\nfollows 1 Methodist Episcopal, 1 of the Society of Friends (ortho-\\ndox,) 1 Baptist, 1 Protestant Episcopal, 1 Presbyterian, and two\\nmeeting-houses of people of color. It has also a city hall and mar-\\nket an arsenal a lyceum belonging to an incorporated company\\nwhich originated in 1835 a valuable and ancient public library\\na humane society for the recovery of drowned persons an hospital\\ntwo large beneficial societies, one formed on the principle of total\\nabstinence from all intoxicating drinks a large temperance society\\ntwo Dorcas societies a vigorous and highly commendable society\\ninstituted in the year 179G, and since incorporated, called The\\nFriendly Institution, and composed chiefly of ladies, for the pri-\\nvate relief of distress, and having for its motto the line,\\nTo spare the modest blush, to give unseen.\\nThe city is supplied with the purest of water by an aqueduct\\ncompany (incorporated A. D. 1804) which obtains its supplies from\\nsome springs in high ground in the neighborhood. The city also\\nowes much to an incorporated meadow company which has stopped\\nout the tide, and converted the marshes into excellent meadows.\\nIt has a celebrated boarding-school conducted by Charles Atherton,\\nsuccessor to John Gummere and Samuel Aaron also, St. Mary s\\nHall, a large and magnificent boarding-school for girls, delightfully\\nsituated on the Green Bank, under the exclusive direction of the\\nbishop of the Protestant Episcopal church in this state.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "88 BURLINGTON COUNTY.\\nThere is in the city a free-school, chiefly maintained from the rents\\nof Mattnicunk, or Burlington Island, given for that purpose by act of\\nassembly, Sept. 28th, 1682. This island contains about 300 acres,\\nand is divided into two farms. It is in the Delaware, (which is at this\\nplace over a mile in width,) opposite the city. There are also, a school\\nendowed by the Society of Friends, a number of common schools\\nfor white, and one for colored children. There is a large and\\n.flourishing steam saw and grist mill. There are three fire com-\\npanies. The Mechanics Bank of this place does a good and safe\\nbusiness, and in public estimation ranks among the first in the state.\\nThere are four physicians, several practising attorneys, a consider-\\nable number of well-conducted and well-supplied stores, devoted\\nto general merchandise one large drug-store, and several mainly\\ndevoted to that business. Shoes are extensively manufactured.\\nThe number of mechanics is large, and these are nearly all pledged\\nto total abstinence, together with many other inhabitants, which\\nadds to the moral tone for which this city has ever been remarka-\\nble. Burlington was originally the capital of New Jersey, and\\nalso the seat of justice of the county, but was deprived of these\\nadvantages in consequence of its location not being sufficiently\\ncentral. The regulation of the city is intrusted to a mayor, re-\\ncorder, and three aldermen, appointed by the legislature, and six\\ncommon council-men annually elective. It is a place of summer\\nresort, on account of its salubrity. The harbor is good. The Cam-\\nden and Amboy railroad passes through one of the principal streets\\nand by means of this and the numerous steamers plying on the\\nDelaware, great facilities are afforded for communication with\\nPhiladelphia.\\nBy reference to a fair original record now extant, we find that a\\nmonthly meeting of the Society of Friends was regularly organ-\\nized in Burlington the 15th of y e 5th mo th 1678. The first item\\nof business of this body was to agree that a collection be made\\nonce a month for y e use of y e poor. In September of the same\\nyear it is recorded, Friends also stak t or mark t out y e burying\\nground, and gave order for y e fencing of itt. The corner-stone of\\nthe Episcopal church was laid March 25th, 1703. This church, in\\nthe first charter, granted Oct. 4th, 1704, was called St. Anne s, after\\nthe name of the queen. But a more ample charter being granted\\nin 1709, the church was named St. Mary s, on account of the cor-\\nner-stone having been laid on the day of the annunciation. This\\nbuilding has been within a few years enlarged and beautified. The\\nriver shore is occupied with handsome residences, and the prome-\\nnade in front of these, called Green Bank, is of surpassing beauty,\\nand is justly the admiration of all visitors, and of passengers in the\\nsteamers.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "BURLINGTON COUNTY. 89\\nSt. Mary s Church and Graveyard.\\nThe above is a view of St. Mary s church, and some of the monu-\\nments in the adjoining graveyard. The monument of Elias Bou-\\ndinot, LL.D., the first president of the American Bible Society, is\\nseen on the right, having the following inscription\\nHere lies the remains of the Honorable Elias Boudinot, LL.D. Born on the 2d day\\nof May, A. D. 1740. He died on the 24th day of Oct., A. D. 1821. His life was an\\nexhibition of fervent piety, of useful talent, and of extensive benevolence. His death\\nwas the triumph of Christian faith, the consummation of hope, the dawn and the pledge\\nof endless felicity.\\nTo those who knew him not, no words can paint\\nAnd those who knew him, know all words are faint.\\nMark the perfect man and behold the upright, for the end of that man is peace.\\nThe following is a copy of an inscription on another monument\\nin this yard\\nHere lies the remains of WILLIAM BRADFORD, Attorney-general of the United\\nStates under the Presidency of WASHINGTON and previously Attorney-general of\\nPennsylvania and a Judge of the Supreme Court of that state. In private life he had\\nacquired the esteem of all his fellow-citizens. In professional attainments he was learned\\nas a lawyer, and eloquent as an advocate. In the execution of his public offices, he was\\nvigilant, dignified, and impartial. Yet in the bloom of life in the maturity of every\\nfaculty that could invigorate or embellish the human mind in the prosecution of the\\nmost important services that a citizen could render to his country in the perfect enjoy-\\nment of the highest honors that public confidence could bestow upon an individual\\nblessed in all the pleasures which a virtuous reflection could furnish from the past, and\\nanimated by all the incitements which an honorable ambition could depict in the future\\nhe ceased to be mortal. A fever, produced by a fatal assiduity in performing his official\\ntrust at a crisis interesting to the nation, suddenly terminated his public career, extin-\\nguished the splendor of his private prosperity, and on the 23d day of August, 1795, in\\nthe 40th year of his age, consigned him to the grave Lamented, Honored, and Be-\\nloved. His widow erected this monument to his memory.\\nThe following notice of the early settlement of Burlington by\\nthe English, communicated to the Hist. Soc. of Pennsylvania, by\\nJohn F. Watson, was copied from the original autograph of Mrs.\\nMary Smith, a Friend, who arrived with the primitive colonists,\\nwhen she was only four years of age\\n12", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "90 BURLINGTON COUNTY.\\nRobert Murfin and Ann his wife, living in Nottinghamshire, England, had one\\ndaughter born there in the year 1674. the 4th of the 2d month, named Mary, (the writer\\nof this account, who married the first Daniel Smith of Burlington.) After that, they\\nhad a son called Robert.\\nS ne time after, it came in their minds to move themselves and family into West\\nJersev in America and in order thereto, they went to Hull and provided provisions suit-\\nable for their necessary occasions, such as fine flour, butter, cheese, with other suitable\\ncommodities in good store then took their passage in the good ship, the Shield of Stock-\\nton, with Mahlon Stacy, Thomas Lambert, and many more families of good repute and\\nworth and in the voyage there were two died and two born so that they landed as\\nmany as thev took on board. And after about sixteen weeks sailing or on board, they\\narrived at Burlington in the year 167S this being the first ship that ever was known to\\ncome so high up the Delaware river. Then thev landed and made some such dwellings\\nas they could for the present time some in caves, and others in palisade-houses secured.\\nWith that, the Indians, verv numerous, but very civil, for the most part, brought com\\nand venison, and sold the English for such things as they needed so that the said Eng-\\nlish had some new supply to help their old stock, which may well be attributed to the\\ngood hand of Providence, so to preserve and provide in such a wilderness.\\nli I may not omit some Enghsh that came the year before, which landed lower down\\nthe river, and were gotten to Burlington, who came in some small vessels up to Burling-\\nton before us, and was so consented to by the Indians.\\nThe first comers, with the others that came near that time, made an agreement with\\nthe Indians for their land, being after this manner From the river to such and such\\ncreeks and was to be paid in goods, after this manner, say so many match-coats, guns,\\nhatchets, hoes, kettles two full boxes, with other materials, all in number as agreed\\nupon of both Indians and Enghsh. When these goods were gotten from England and\\nthe Indians paid, then the above-mentioned people surrendered some part of the land to\\nsettle themselves near the river for they did not dare to go far from it at first.\\nH I must not forget, that these valiant subjects, both to God and their king, did buy\\ntheir land in old England before they entered (upon this engagement,) and after all this,\\ndid submit themselves to mean living, taking it with thankfulness, mean and coarse as\\npounding Indian com one day for the next day for there was no mill, except some few\\nsteed-mills, and (we) thought so well of this kind of hard living, that I never heard them\\nsay, I would I had never come which is worth observing, considering how plentifully\\nthey lived in England. It seems no other than the hand of God, so to send them to\\nprepare a place for the future generations. I wish they that come after may consider\\nthese things, and not be like the children of Israel after they were settled in the land of\\nCanaan, forgetting the God of their fathers and following their own vanities and sa\\nbring displeasure, instead of the blessings of God, upon themselves which fall and lo\u00c2\u00bb\\nwill be very great on all such.\\nNow to return to Robert Murfin and his wife after they came into this land, they\\nhad one son called John; and in the year 1681, they had another son called William;\\nand in the year 1654, they had a daughter called Johanah. Robert and John died young.*\\nIt may be observed how God s providence made room for us in a wonderful manner,\\nin taking away the Indians. There came a distempert among them so mortal that they\\ncould not bury all the dead. Others went away, leaving their town. It was said that\\nan old Indian king spoke prophetically before his death and said, the English should\\nincrease and the Indians decrease\\nIn a few years after the first settlement, it would seem as if this\\nplace had grown to be a place of the first importance, or at least\\ncomparatively so, as its meridian and latitude was assumed for the\\ncalculation of the first Almanac, the title-page whereof was as fol-\\nlows, to wit\\nAn Almanac for the year of the Christian account, 1687, particularly respecting\\nMary Smith was found drowned with her horse, in the year 1739, near the Long\\nBridge, in the Northern Liberties supposed to have occurred from her intending to give\\nher horse water, where it was very deep that was then the direct and only road to\\nBurlington.\\nt This was the small-pox, (brought amongst them by the colonists) which, from the\\nmanner of treatment, by sweating and then plunging into cold water, was very fatal.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "BURLINGTON COUNTY. 91\\nthe Meridian and Latitude of Burlington, but may indifferently serve all places adja-\\ncent. By Daniel Leeds, Student in Agriculture. Printed and sold by William Brad-\\nford,* near Philadelphia in Pennsylvania, Pro Anno, 1687.\\nThe early Quaker inhabitants of Burlington were distinguished\\nas well for their intelligence as for their piety. Dr. Franklin found\\namong them minds congenial to his own, whose society he much\\nenjoyed. To go still further back, the following may interest our\\nreaders as one of the pleasant little traditions of the good old times.\\nWilliam Penn, when governor of Pennsylvania, used to sail up in\\nhis barge from Philadelphia to his manor house at Pennsbury, a\\nfew miles above Bristol. He would frequently stop on his way to\\nvisit Governor Jennings, of New Jersey, (who was also a distin-\\nguished Quaker minister,) whose house in Burlington is still stand-\\ning. On one occasion, Jennings and some of his friends were en-\\njoying their pipes, a practice which the gentlemanly Penn disliked.\\nOn hearing that Penn s barge was in sight, they put away their\\npipes, that their friend might not be annoyed, and endeavored to\\nconceal from him what they were about. He came in upon them,\\nhowever, somewhat suddenly, and pleasantly remarked that he was\\nglad they had sufficient sense of propriety to be ashamed of the\\npractice. Jennings, rarely at a loss for an answer, rejoined that\\nthey were not ashamed, but desisted to avoid hurting a weak\\nbrother. Another anecdote we will give, illustrative of the sim-\\nplicity and genuine hospitality of early days. Somewhere about\\nthe year 1753, the family of John Smith, (brother to Smith the his-\\ntorian,) then occupying the venerable, and, in those days, imposing\\nmansion of the late excellent Mr. Coleman, were sitting at their\\ntea-table under the trees at their door in the main street. A gen-\\ntleman (a stranger) passing along, was invited to partake of their\\nfare, and was induced, by the conversation that ensued, to settle in\\nthe place. He became one of the most efficient and valuable citi-\\nzens of Burlington, and his family, in the second and third genera-\\ntions, are among the most respectable inhabitants. This was the\\nfirst Burlington printer editor of an ably conducted paper, which\\nwas commenced Dec. 5th, 1777, and was employed successively by\\nthe colony and the states. Throughout the war it was the leading\\nvehicle of information to the whigs, and Governor Livingston and\\nothers wrote many effective essays for it. He printed Livingston s\\nPhilosophic Solitude, a large edition of the Bible, the Burlington\\nAlmanac, and probably the first continental money.\\nWe will now relate a tradition of a very different nature. There\\nwere two old trees of haunted memory. The first is The Witches\\nTree, a large and noble buttonwood, still standing on that beautiful\\nportion of Green Bank formerly occupied by William Franklin,\\nwhen governor of New Jersey. It was planted, by his direction,\\nby old Adam Shepherd, father to the well-known Ben. Shepherd.\\nIt is believed that W. Bradford set up his, the first printing-press, at Kensington,\\nnear the Treaty Tree. He landed in 1682 or 3, where Philadelphia soon afterward was\\nlaid out, and before a house was built. This almanac was his first publication.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "92\\nBURLINGTON COUNTY.\\nAncient Tree, Burlington.\\nThis was held to be the favorite resort of witches, who (though\\nthey were, like all the early reminiscences of the place, strictly\\nEnglish) danced around it after the manner of the Kettentanz of\\nthe German witches on the Hartz mountains. The other was The\\nPirate Tree, a large black- walnut, the enormous stump of which\\nmay still be seen in the tanyard on Wood-st. Superstition held\\nit famous, as the place of deposit for gold and silver, by Blackbeard\\nand his associate pirates. It is said that they landed one stormy,\\nterrific night, loaded with an unusual quantity of plunder, which\\nthey buried in silence at the root of this tree, which took its name\\nfrom this circumstance. They covered the gold with a broad flat\\nstone, and having done so, their chieftain called aloud, Who ll\\nguard this wealth V We should have mentioned, that the transac-\\ntion was performed in darkness, as well as in silence but at this\\nquestion, a vivid flash of lightning revealed the pale and appalled\\ncountenances of the pirates, who, though ready at all times to dare\\ndeath and to trample on the laws of Heaven and of man. were yet\\nunwilling to offer themselves a sacrifice, to be murdered in cold\\nblood. Some one, however, must be interred with the gold to pro-\\ntect it from depredation and at last one of the most reckless out-\\nlaws, a Spaniard, who had long merited the honors of the neigh-\\nboring Gallows Hill, stepped forward and offered himself as their\\nvictim. He was shot through the brain by Blackbeard. with a\\ncharmed bullet, which penetrated without occasioning a wound,\\nthus leaving him as well prepared as ever for mortal combat, ex-\\ncept the trifling circumstance of his being stone dead. He was\\nburied in an erect position and so well has he performed his trust,\\nthat, for any evidence we possess to the contrary, the treasure re-\\nmains there to the present day. On one occasion, it is said, an at-\\ntempt was made to regain it but the hazardous deed will not be\\nlikely to be repeated while the attendant circumstances are remem-", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "BURLINGTON COUNTY. 93\\nbered. It is suspected by some (though tradition is silent on this\\npoint) that a black dog was buried with the pirate, since an appa-\\nrition of that shape has been seen in Wood-st. by the believers.\\nThese supernatural appearances are rarely beheld in the present\\nday, for want, doubtless, of that faith which is the only possible\\nevidence of certain unseen things. We will close this legend, for\\nthe introduction of which we crave our readers pardon, with an\\nadmirable specimen of the characteristics of an old witch song,\\nwhich is represented as having been heard from the witches dancing\\nwith linked hands around their favorite tree on the night of the\\nSpaniard s interment. Just at its close, they were intruded upon\\nby some beings of mortal mould, and uttering something like the\\nexclamation of the ancient Scottish witches,\\nHorse and hattock in the devil s name,\\nthey were all instantly seated upon broomsticks, and rode away at\\na speed exceeding that of the forked lightning. Their next voy-\\nage, it is said, was disastrous and fatal.\\nCONCERT OF WITCHES.\\nMerrily daunce we, merrily daunce we, around the sycamore tree\\nFull many will daunce this terrible night, but none will be merry but we.\\nThe ships shall daunce on the yesty waves, the billows shall daunce and roll,\\nAnd many a screech of despair shall rise from many a sin-sick soule I\\nBe merry, be merry the lightning s flash itself were sufficient light,\\nAnd we ve got us a phosphor-gleaming corse to be our candle to-night.\\nThere never was night more foul and black there never was fiercer blast\\nOh many a prank the winds will play, ere this terrible night be past\\nBe merry the fiends are roving now and death is abroad on the wind\\nJoin hands in the daunce, to-morrow s light full many a corse shall find.\\nOur sisters are out on mischief bent the cows their milk shall fail,\\nThe old maid s cat shall be rode to death, and her lap-dog lose his taile.\\nThe farmer in vain shall seek his horse who fastened his stable door\\nWith key and with bolt if he has not nailed a horse-shoe firmly o er.\\n1st witch.\\nI saw dame Brady sitting alone,\\nAnd I dried up the marrow within her hip bone.\\nWhen she arose she could scarcely limp,\\nWhy did I do it she called me foul imp\\n2d witch.\\nI scratched the Justice s swine on the head\\nW T hen he wakes in the morning he ll find them dead.\\nAnd I saw the Pirates land on the shore,\\nLoaded with gold, but crimsoned with gore.\\n3d witch.\\nI saw them bury their golden store at the root of the Pirate tree\\nBold Blackbeard cried, Who ll guard this wealth? and oh twas mercy to see\\nHow even the wretch who fears not hell, turns pale at the thought of death\\nBut one bold knave stood bravely out and offered himself for scath.\\nI ll watch it, quo he for these forty years, I ve wandered o er land and sea,\\nAnd I m tired of doing the devil s work so bury me under the tree\\nAnd better I ll rest as I guard this wealth, than you in the realms below,\\nWhere the soul cannot burst amid endless groans where the Pirate s soul must go.\\nSo they shot him dead with a charmed ball, and they laid a broad flat stone\\nDeep in the earth above the gold, and they stood the corpse thereon.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "94 BURLINGTON COUNTY.\\nNow wo betide the daring fool who seeketh that gold to win.\\nLet mortals beware of the noble wretch who standeth that grave within.\\n4th witch.\\nI saw the Pirates enter their boat.\\nSullen they looked, as well they mote\\nI wore a shape which they shook to see,\\nAnd they made the sign of the cross at me.\\nBut the sign of the cross avails not those\\nWhose sins have made all the saints their foes.\\nAnd they fired at me an idle shot,\\nFor powder and ball could harm me not.\\nBut skaith and ruth shall be theirs, I ken\\nWe brook not defiance from mortal men.\\nThere they go rowing adowne the streame,\\nI see their oars in the lightning s gleame,\\nThey are singing the dirge of their comrade low\\nSisters, what say you let s curse them now.\\nCONCERT OF WITCHES.\\nAway away the night is foule, but fouler by far are ye\\nThe storm is fierce, but fiercer by far is your terrible destiny\\nYour vessel shall sink amid mountain waves, and the fearful blasts of hell,\\nAnd you ll dwell for aye with the foule, foule fiend, whom here you have served so well\\nSome shall go down with a bubbling groan on the ocean s pathless way,\\nSome shall be dashed on the flinty rocks the vulture and sea-bird s prey,\\nSome shall be washed alive on shore, to die on the gallows tree,\\nBut gold, or wife, or children deare, none, none shall live ever to see.\\nAway, away, while the tempest howls, and the thunders are heard in wrath,\\nAway on your errand of guilt and blood, and destruction attend your path\\nThe following:, communicated by an aged and highly respectable\\ngentleman, (still living,) briefly relates an attack upon Old Bur-\\nlington In the twelfth month, 1776, Count Donop, commanding\\na detachment of Hessians, (say 400,) entered Burlington, and were\\nencamped on the premises of Thomas Wetherill, below York\\nbridge. Two brass field-pieces were placed in the road, near Robert\\nDeacon s corner their muskets were stacked in the middle of the\\nstreet, and guards placed near the troops cooking their provisions.\\nPrompted by curiosity, and having obtained permission from home,\\nI entered their encampment. Amused with the novelty of the\\nscene, so entirely new to me, I for a time forgot both friends and\\nhome, and tarried longer than prudent. My parents in the mean\\ntime had become uneasy at my stay, being ignorant of the cause\\nand my father arrived, in search of me, just as the row-galleys in\\nthe Delaware, opposite the town, began firing which apprized us\\nof the necessity of seeking a place of safety. On our way home,\\nwhen we arrived at John Neat s, corner of York and Broad streets,\\nhe was standing at his door and hearing the reports of the can-\\nnon, fired in quick succession, he accosted my father with, Mr.\\nthese are perilous times. At that instant an eighteen-\\npound double-headed shot struck the back of the house, within less\\nthan twenty yards of us, broke a large hole through the wall, and\\nlodged in the fireplace, driving the ashes out of the front door\\nwhich my father observing, said he thought they were firing\\nred-hot balls. His wife was standing on the sill of the door,\\nand in her fright sprang beyond the porch. On our way home we", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "BURLINGTON COUNTY.\\n95\\nhad to face the cannon, as they fired up York-street. My father\\nbade me watch the flash, and immediately fall flat, which we both\\ndid and were favored to arrive safe. We found the family had\\nretired to the cellar, which was the retreat chosen by numbers. In\\nthe spring of 1778, on a first-day afternoon, a number of women\\nand children (myself amongst them) assembled on the bank, in\\nfront of James Kinsey s house, above the town- wharf, to view the\\nBritish naval armament, that had been up the Delaware and de-\\nstroyed the American frigates and row-galleys and as they had pass-\\ned up peaceably the preceding day, it was not supposed they would\\nfire on the town. Now a large sloop, with cannon in her bow, (I\\nbelieve a twenty-four pounder,) approached the wharf. A man\\nstood on the quarter-deck, waved his hat, and called aloud, The\\nwomen and children must leave the bank we are going to fire P\\nI immediately took shelter behind Abraham Hewling s brick store,\\non the wharf, and watched their movements. I distinctly heard\\nthe word Fire (being not two hundred yards from the vessel.)\\nThe first shot struck Adam Shepherd s stable, below the wharf,\\nwhere several men were standing all of whom escaped injury.\\nSupposing myself out of danger, I continued an attentive spectator\\nto their valiant attack on the peaceful city of Burlington. The\\nwind being ahead, the sloop had to tack, and continued firing un-\\ntil she passed the city. Providentially, not one human being was\\ninjured, so far as I can learn.\\nE \\\\iver__JDelawn r e\\n36 5 Water Street\\nUS\\n11\\nPearl\\n12\\nStreet\\nto\\nAncient Plan of Burlington.\\n[References. 1, 1. Old Market-houses. 2. Courthouse, (taken down in 1795 or 1796.)\\n3. Gov. Franklin s mansion. 4. Grounds of do. 5. Horace Binney s. 6. Mrs. Ches-\\nter s. 7. Market-house. 8. Place of occasional meetings of the legislature. 9. Resi-\\ndence of Samuel Smith, treasurer of the colony. 10. St. Mary s church. 11. Ferry-\\nhouse, (kept by Mr. Shepherd.) 12. Hay s Burlington House, (new.) 13. J. H. Ster-\\nling s house, (built in 1731.) 14. Town-wharf.}", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "96 BURLINGTON COUNTY.\\nThe above is an ancient plan of Burlington, showing the situa-\\ntion of the most noted buildings, c., in ancient times. It appears\\nthat the legislature, both of the colony and state, sat at various\\nplaces besides the courthouse sometimes at taverns, and other\\npublic places, and sometimes at private residences. No. 8, on the\\nabove plan, was a large wooden building, at or near the site of\\nJames Sterling s celebrated store. No. 9, the residence of Treas-\\nurer Smith, was a large brick building, in which the meetings of\\nthe council were frequently held. It was afterward owned, for\\nmany years, by Mr. Joshua M. Wallace. It was bought by the late\\nRev. Joseph Maylin, and by him taken down in 1832.\\nJames Lawrence, a captain in the United States navy, was born\\nin Burlington, October 1st, 1781 and was the son of John Law-\\nrence, Esq., an eminent counsellor. Having a strong predilection\\nfor a sea-faring life, his friends procured for him a midshipman s\\nwarrant, when he was between sixteen and seventeen years of age.\\nWhen war was declared against Tripoli, he was promoted to a\\nlieutenancy, and appointed to the command of the schooner Enter-\\nprise. He volunteered his services in the hazardous exploit of de-\\nstroying the Philadelphia, and accompanied Decatur as his first\\nlieutenant. At the commencement of the war with Great Britain,\\nin 1812, he sailed in the Hornet sloop-of-war, as part of the squad-\\nron that cruised under Commodore Rogers. His second cruise was\\nunder Commodore Bainbridge. On the 24th of February, 1813,\\nthe Hornet, under the command of Capt. Lawrence, while cruising\\noiF Demarara, fell in with the British brig Peacock, Capt. Peak, a\\nvessel of about equal force. The contest commenced within half\\npistol-shot and so tremendous was the lire of the Americans, that\\nin less than fifteen minutes the enemy surrendered, and made a\\nsignal of distress, being in a sinking condition. Notwithstanding\\nevery exertion to keep her afloat, she sunk, with thirteen of her\\ncrew, and three Americans, who perished in relieving a conquered\\nfoe. The slaughter on board the Peacock was very severe and\\namong the slain was her commander.\\nCapt. Lawrence, on his return, was appointed to the command\\nof the frigate Chesapeake and while lying in Boston roads, nearly\\nready for sea, the British frigate Shannon, Capt. Brooke, appeared\\noff the harbor, and made signals expressive of a challenge. Capt.\\nLawrence immediately determined on accepting it, although it ap-\\npears the Chesapeake was not in good order, and the crew not un-\\nder proper discipline. On the 1st of June, 1813, the Chesapeake\\nput to sea and coming up with the Shannon, both vessels ma-\\nnoeuvred in awful silence until within pistol-shot, when the Shan-\\nnon opened her fire, and both vessels almost at the same moment\\npoured forth tremendous broadsides. The havoc on both sides was\\ndreadful but the fire of the Shannon was peculiarly fatal, cutting\\ndown most of the American officers. The Chesapeake had three\\nmen successively shot down from her helm, which produced irreg-\\nularity in the steering and her anchor caught in one of the Shan-", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "BURLINGTON COUNTY. 97\\nnon s after-ports, and her guns could not be brought to bear upon\\nthe enemy. At this juncture the Chesapeake was boarded, Capt.\\nLawrence being mortally wounded. His last words were, as he\\nwas borne bleeding below, DonH give up the ship! Resistance,\\nhowever, was vain, and the ship was surrendered. Capt. Law-\\nrence lingered through four days, in extreme bodily pain, and then\\nexpired. His body was wrapped in the colors of his ship, and was\\nburied by the British, at Halifax, with the honors of war. Thence\\nit was removed to Salem, Massachusetts, and finally to New York\\nwhere there is a monument to his memory, in Trinity churchyard,\\nwith the following inscription\\nIn memory of Captain James Lawrence, of the United States navy, who fell on the\\n1st day of June, 1813, in the 32d year of his age, in the action between the frigates\\nChesapeake and Shannon. He had distinguished himself on various occasions, but par.\\nticularly when commanding the sloop-of-war Hornet, by capturing and sinking his Bri-\\ntannic majesty s sloop-of-war Peacock, after a desperate action of fourteen minutes. His\\nbravery in action was only equalled by his modesty in triumph, and his magnanimity to\\nthe vanquished. In private life, he was a gentleman of the most generous and endear-\\ning qualities and so acknowledged was his public worth, that the whole nation mourned\\nhis loss, and the enemy contended with his countrymen who most should honor his remains.\\nThe Hero, whose remains are here deposited, with his expiring breath expressed his de-\\nvotion to his country. Neither the fury of battle, the anguish of a mortal wound, nor\\nthe horrors of approaching death, could subdue his gallant spirit. His dying words\\nWere, Don t give up the ship\\nNote. The compilers of this work are mainly indebted for the account of Burlington.\\nto a communication from Wm. J. Allinson, a gentleman living in the place. The his-\\ntorical part is evidently drawn up with care and accuracy.\\nCHESTER.\\nChester is about 7 miles long, 5 broad, and is bounded NNE.\\nby Willingboro, SE. by Evesham, SW. by Waterford, Glou-\\ncester co., and NW. by the Delaware. The surface is level and\\nundulating, and the soil fertile and under good cultivation. The\\nRancocus flows on its N., and the Pensaukin creek on its SW.\\nboundary. The township contains 10 stores, cap. $25,200 3 grist-\\nm., 3 saw-m. cap. in manufac. $37,100 9 schools, 467 scholars.\\nPop. 2,603.\\nThe village of Moorestown is pleasantly situated on the road\\nfrom Camden to Freehold, 9 miles from Mount Holly, and 9 from\\nCamden. It derives its name from an early settler named Moore,\\nIt was probably early settled, as Smith, in his history published in\\n1765, alludes to it as one of the principal villages of the county.\\nIt was then sometimes called Chester, and the lower part of it\\nRodney town. Moorestown is well built, and stretches along the\\nroad for about a mile, which being ornamented with trees, gives it\\na pleasant appearance. It contains 2 hotels, 3 stores, 5 houses for\\npublic worship, and about 100 dwellings in the village and vicinity.\\nThe following is a view of the Episcopal church standing at the SW.\\nextremity of the village. It is a handsome stone structure, built\\n13", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "98\\nBURLINGTON COUNTY.\\nView in Moorestown.\\nin 1838, at an expense of 84,500. The Baptist church, a short dis-\\ntance further up the street, is a neat, plastered edifice. The Meth-\\nodist church is a substantial on ct: structure in the central part of\\nthe village. There are also two meeting-houses at the other end\\nof the town, belonging to Friends. There is scarcely a village in\\nthe state which has so many houses for public worship in propor-\\ntion to its population.\\nWhen the British army were on their march from Philadelphia\\nto Monmouth, a part of it passed through this village. They en-\\ncamped on the night of June 19th, 1778, on land now owned by\\nAmos Stiles and Benj. Warrington, about 300 yards from the\\nFriends meeting-house. The troops plundered many of the inhab-\\nitants of the country through which they passed. The people re-\\nsorted to various methods to conceal their property. The follow-\\ning anecdote is related of an individual who lived not far from this vi-\\ncinity. He had scarcely time to bury his goods under ground, when\\nthe gleaming of bayonets from a distant hill warned him of the\\napproach of the enemy. Fearing the damp appearance of the\\nfresh earth would betray the hiding-place, he dashed a pail of wa-\\nter over the spot, and throwing down a quantity of corn called his\\nhogs. This well-timed stratagem probably saved his effects.\\nCommodore Truxton, the distinguished naval commander, once\\nresided in a dwelling now standing about a mile and a half from\\nMoorestown on the road to Mount Holly.\\nWestfield, on the road from Camden to Burlington, one and a\\nhalf miles E. of the Delaware, contains about 15 dwellings and a\\nFriends meeting-house. There are also three other houses for pub-\\nlic worship in its vicinity, viz. a Friends, a Christ-ian, and a Meth-\\nodist. Bridgeborough, a small village on the same road, and on\\nthe Rancocus, contains 2 stores, a tavern, and a few dwellings.\\nTen pieces of silver coin, about two hundred years old, were\\nploughed up some years since in this township, on the farm of P. C.\\nTinucmr.:;, dated 1047, under Fred. Henry, Prince of Orange.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "BURLIXGTON COUNTY.\\n99\\nCHESTERFIELD.\\nThis township is about 10 miles long, with an average width of\\n5 miles, and is bounded N. by Hamilton, Mercer co., E. by Upper\\nFreehold, Monmouth co., and Hanover, S. by Springfield, SW. by\\nMansfield, and W. by the Delaware river. Its surface is level or\\nundulating soil sandy, with some clay and loam, and made pro-\\nductive by marl. The township contains 22 stores, 3 grist-m. cap.\\nin manufac. $127,780; 11 schools, 557 scholars. Pop. 2,716.\\nArch over the Railroad, Bordentown.\\nBordentown, 9 miles from Burlington, 12 from Mount Holly, and\\n7 from Trenton, is at the head of steam navigation on the Dela-\\nware. It is built on a level plain elevated above the river. It\\ncontains 4 hotels, 8 stores, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist\\nchurch, and a Friends meeting-house, and about 1,800 inhabitants.\\nThe Belle vue Female Seminary, under the charge of the Rev. W.\\nH. Gilder, of the Philadelphia Conference, was commenced in this\\nplace in Oct., 1842. Bordentown is not only remarkable for its\\nneat appearance, but as affording one of the most magnificent riv-\\ner views in the country. From the brow of the hill, on which the\\ntown is situated, to the N. and W., the spectator sees nearly 100\\nfeet beneath the whole country spread out level for many miles,\\nthrough which winds the Delaware until lost to view behind pro-\\njecting headlands. An autumnal sunset,\\nWhen the restless day\\nExpiring, lays the warbling world asleep,\\nis here a scene of glory when the forests are robed in brilliant\\ntints, the clouds brightened with warm gorgeous hues, and the wa-\\nter reflecting the charms of the heavens and earth upon its sur-\\nface, where\\nShade, unperceived, softens into shade,\\nAnd all forming one harmonious whole.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "100 BURLINGTON COUNTY.\\nThe elegance of the scenery, and the purity of the air in the sum-\\nmer, draws to this village many visitors.\\nBordentown is on the direct railroad route from New York to\\nPhiladelphia, 28 miles from the latter. The two railroads crossing\\nNew Jersey, the one from Amboy and the other from Jersey city,\\nhere merge into each other and form one continuous line to Cam-\\nden. The above engraving represents the arch over the railroad,\\nand under Main-st. It is of stone, 18 feet in height, 22\u00c2\u00a3 broad, and\\n83 i feet long. The outlet lock of the Delaware and Raritan canal\\nis in front of the town.\\nThis vicinity was first settled in 1681, by Thomas Farnsworth,\\nan English Friend but the village derives its name from Joseph\\nBorden, an early settler. In the revolutionary struggle, it was sev-\\neral times in possession of the British troops. Early in May, 1778,\\nthe enemy, then in possession of Philadelphia, sent an expedition\\nup the Delaware for the purpose of destroying several vessels\\nbrought here for safety, and lying in Barnes and Crosswick s creeks.\\nTheir force, consisting of two row-galleys and three other armed\\nvessels, with twenty-four flat-bottomed boats, carrying GOO or 800\\ntroops, left that city about 10 o clock in the evening, intending to\\narrive here before morning. For the first 10 miles the wind was\\nfair it then died away, and they were obliged to row the remain-\\nder of the distance. Early dawn found them opposite Burlington,\\nand they did not reach Bordentown until late in the forenoon. Be-\\nfore landing, they burnt two frigates at the White Hills, just below\\nthe village. Afterward they destroyed several smaller vessels,\\nthe hulk of one of which, at very low tide, is still to be seen in\\nCrosswick s creek. On arriving at the village, the enemy burnt\\nthe dwelling and store of Mr. Joseph Borden, the former of which\\nstood in Main-st., on the present site of Mr. John M Knight s store.\\nThey also intended the destruction of the dwelling of a Mr. Em-\\nley, an influential whig but learning it had been sold, they com-\\nmitted no other mischief than breaking in the window-sashes and\\ndoors with the breeches of their guns. Little or no opposition was\\nmade to them. They remained but a few hours, and embarked on\\nboard their vessels in the afternoon. The next day they proceeded\\nup the river as far as Bile s island, intending to make a descent\\nupon Trenton but meeting with unexpected opposition from ar-\\ntillery Gen. Dickinson had ordered down for that purpose, and the\\nmilitia having turned out with spirit to oppose them, they judged\\nappearances too unfavorable to proceed. On their return, they\\nlanded at Col. Kirkbride s farm on the Pennsylvania side of the\\nDelaware, and destroyed his buildings. Gen. Dickinson having\\nsent a detachment of militia down the river, they made prize of a\\nsloop the enemy had loaded with plunder, with six men on board.\\nThe following additional particulars, relating to this incursion,\\nwere derived from conversation with a resident at the time. Four\\nmen were murdered in cold blood, after they had surrendered, in\\nthe vicinity of what is now Hilton s tanyard, at the foot of Walnut-", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "BURLINGTON COUNTY. 101\\nstreet. They were Joseph Gregory, Edward Isdell, Sutton,\\nand another person from Burlington. An old lady, by the name\\nof Isdell, was shot in a dwelling then standing opposite the site of\\nthe present post-office, in Main-street. A British spy, who had\\ncome from Philadelphia with the troops, and while quietly reposing\\non the river bank, was, through mistake, mortally wounded by his\\nfriends. His protection was found in his pocket.\\nThe British officers dined at the dwelling of Francis Hopkinson,\\nEsq. Himself and family were absent but an excellent dinner\\nwas provided by Miss Mary Comely, their housekeeper, a young\\nlady of about eighteen years of age. While they were there, in-\\nformation was given to her that the soldiers were robbing the\\ndwelling of her mother and grandmother, on the opposite side of\\nthe street the same that is now owned by Mr. William M Knight.\\nShe went in, and privately cut a piece from the .skirt of one of the\\nsoldiers coats. When the troops were formed, previous to their\\ndeparture, the thief, through the kind interference of the officers,\\nwas identified by the hole in his regimentals. By this means, not\\nonly the property of her relations was restored, but some belonging\\nto her neighbors, which she had the art to claim, and afterward re-\\nstored to the proper owners. A whig, named Carter, residing in a\\ndwelling next above Kester s hotel, on hearing the enemy were\\napproaching, determined to disarm their hostility by a kind recep-\\ntion. He therefore killed a sheep, and, as the soldiers entered, ac-\\ncosted them cordially, expressing joy at their arrival. He told them\\nhe had some fresh mutton, and if they would wait he would pro-\\nvide them as good a dinner as in his power and then bade the\\ngood woman to hurry, and have every thing in readiness for the\\nfeast. The men were pleased with his apparent frankness and as-\\nsiduity, but were obliged to leave before the meal was ready and\\nit was partaken of by a party of American lighthorse, under\\nCapt. Baylor, who entered the village in the latter part of the day.\\nFrancis Hopkinson, one of the signers of the Declaration of In-\\ndependence, resided in Bordentown, at the time of the revolution.\\nHe was born in Pennsylvania, in 1738. After the peace, he held\\na place for some time in the loan-office and was afterward ap-\\npointed a judge of the district court of the United States. He died\\nMay 8th, 1791. He was distinguished for his vivacity and wit,\\nand published, during the revolution, several poetical pieces, which\\nwere highly popular among which was the Battle of the Kegs\\nThis ballad was occasioned by a real incident. In January, 1778,\\nwhile the British troops were in possession of Philadelphia, certain\\nmachines, in the form of kegs, charged with gunpowder, were sent\\ndown the river, to annoy their shipping, which was anchored be-\\nfore the city. The danger of these machines being discovered, the\\nBritish manned the wharves and vessels, and discharged their\\nsmall-arms and cannon at every thing they saw floating in the\\nriver. The ballad consists of twenty-two stanzas, from which the\\nfollowing are selected", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "102\\nBURLINGTON COUNTY.\\nGallants, attend, and hear a friend\\nTrill forth harmonious ditty\\nStrange things I ll tell, winch late befell\\nIn Philadelphia city.\\nTwas early day, as poets say,\\nJust when the sun was rising,\\nA soldier stood on log of wood,\\nAnd saw a thing surprising.\\nThese kegs, I m told, the rebels hold,\\nPack d up like pickled herring\\nAnd they ve come down t attack the town,\\nIn this new way of ferry ng.\\nThe soldier flew, the sailor too,\\nAnd, scar d almost to death, sir,\\nWore out their shoes to spread the news,\\nAnd ran till out of breath, sir.\\nSir William he, snug as a flea,\\nLay all this time a snoring\\nNor dream d of harm, as he lay warm\\nIn bed\\nNow, in a fright, he starts upright,\\nAwak d by such a clatter\\nHe rubs both eyes, and boldly cries,\\nFor God s sake, what s the matter?\\nArise, arise Sir Erskine cries\\nThe rebels more s the pity\\nWithout a boat are all afloat,\\nAnd rang d before the city.\\nThe motley crew, in vessels new,\\nWith Satan for their guide, sir,\\nPack d up in bags, or wooden kegs,\\nCome driving down the tide, sir.\\nTherefore prepare for bloody war\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThese kegs must all be routed,\\nOr surely we despis d shall be,\\nAnd British courage doubted.\\nThe cannons roar from shore to shore;\\nThe small-arms loud did rattle\\nSince wars began, I m sure no man\\nE er saw so strange a battle.\\nFrom morn to night, these men of might\\nDisplay d amazing courage\\nAnd when the sun was fairly down\\nRetir d to sup their porridge.\\nA hundred mon, with each a pen,\\nOr more, upon my word, sir,\\nIt is most true, would be too few\\nTheir valor to record, sir.\\nSuch feats did they perform that day,\\nAgainst those wicked kegs, sir,\\nThat, years to come, if they get home,\\nThey ll make their boasts and brags, sir.\\nResidence of Joseph Buonaparte, Bordentown.\\nThe above is a representation of the residence of Joseph Buona-\\nparte, Count de Surveilliers, the ex-king of Naples and of Spain,\\nand the eldest brother of the Emperor Napoleon. He came to this\\ncountry in 1815, and settled here during the following season, where\\nhe has generally resided most of the time since. He has, however,\\nrecently been to Europe, where he has remained for three or four\\nyears past, leaving his residence here in charge of Mr. Prince.\\nThe park and grounds of the Count comprise about fourteen hun-\\ndred acres, which, from a wild and impoverished tract, he has con-\\nverted into a place of beauty, blending the charms of woodland and", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "BURLINGTON COUNTY.\\n103\\nplantation scenery with a delightful water-prospect. His first man-\\nsion, which stood on the site of the present one, was destroyed by\\nfire, together with some rare pictures, from the pencils of the first\\nmasters, whose merit made them invaluable. In the present build-\\ning are busts of all the Buonaparte family, carved from the finest\\nItalian marble among which is that of Pauline, the Princess Bor-\\nghese, the Emperor s favorite sister, who was considered one of the\\nmost elegant women of her time. In the collection there is a most\\nexquisite statue of the infant Napoleon sleeping. The Count is\\nnow about seventy-five years of age, polished in manners, and\\ncharitable to the poor. While here, his time was occupied in plan-\\nning and executing improvements upon his grounds. He did not\\nmingle in society but was frequently seen walking through\\nhis park, attending to his workmen, or, with hatchet in hand, lop-\\nping branches from the trees.\\nView of Crossicicks from the Bordentown Road.\\nCrosswicks and Recklesstown are also villages in this township.\\nThe latter, 5 m. SE. of Bordentown, is in a fertile country, and\\ncontains 15 or 20 dwellings. Crosswicks, 4 m. E. of Bordentown,\\non a creek of the same name, and on the road to Freehold, is sup-\\nposed to have derived its name from the Indian word Crossweek-\\nsung, (signifying a separation]) originally applied to the creek, which\\nseparates into two branches 2 m. E. of the village. It was first\\nsettled about 1681, by Friends and, in the early history of the\\ncounty, was a place of some importance, for we find that the pro-\\nvincial assembly met here in Oct. 1716.\\nThe village is principally situated on a ridge considerably ele-\\nvated above the creek, across which is a handsome lattice-bridge\\nof Town s patent. On the opposite bank is a collection of dwellings\\ncalled Woodwardsville. There are here, including the latter set-\\ntlement, several mechanic shops, 4 stores, a grist and a saw mill,\\n2 Friends meeting-houses, a Methodist church, and about 70 dwell-\\nings. Near the village is a bed of bog iron ore, formerly exten-\\nsively worked and the ore transported to furnaces in the pines.\\nWhen the British troops marched from Philadelphia on their way", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "104 BURLINGTON COUNTY.\\nto Monmouth, in June, 1778, they came through this part of the\\ncountry in three detachments one by Mt. Holly, one through Co-\\nlumbus, and the third by Bordentown. The latter attempted to\\ncross Crosswicks creek over a drawbridge near the latter place.\\nThe continental troops, and a great part of the militia stationed in\\nthat vicinity under Gen. Dickinson, had been withdrawn, excepting\\nthose of Cols. Philips and Shreve, who had been previously de-\\ntached to guard a ford one mile further up the creek and only the\\nthree regiments of Cols. Frelinghuysen, Van Dike, and Webster\\nremained, when a party of the enemy appeared, and with great\\nzeal began to repair the bridge, the planks of which had been pulled\\nup, and the draw raised. For this purpose, they ripped off the\\nplanks from an adjoining hayhouse. Upon their approach, the\\ntroops rushed down with the greatest impetuosity, and a small party\\nfrom one of the regiments, happening to be considerably advanced,\\ncaused them to retire, with the loss of 4 killed and several wound-\\ned. This detachment then united with the other two at Crosswicks,\\nand, in the course of the same day, attempted crossing the bridge\\nthere, which had also been destroyed by the Americans. Another\\nskirmish occurred, in which a British officer and two or three men\\nwere shot. The wounded officer was conveyed to the dwelling\\nnow occupied by Mr. Thomas Newell. An American named Clev-\\nenger was killed. He had cut away the last sleeper of the bridge,\\nand, while retreating, was shot in the back of the head, fell among\\nthe high grass, and was discovered a few days after by the stench\\nof his decaying body. The next day the enemy repaired the bridge\\nand proceeded on their march. During this skirmish the Ameri-\\ncans, who were stationed on the Woodwardsville side of the creek,\\nfired several cannon-balls, one of which lodged in the Friends\\nmeeting-house, and there remained until the house was repaired, a\\nfew years since. Soon after the battle of Trenton the American\\ntroops, for a time, occupied the Friends meeting-house for barracks.\\nOn Sundays, the benches were arranged and worship held, as usual.\\nA gentleman with the troops during these skirmishes, says, in a\\npublication of the day, The conduct of the militia saved, in my\\nopinion, Trenton and the country adjacent from rapine and desola-\\ntion. In short, their conduct during the whole time gave me the\\nmost pleasing ideas of the strong love of liberty which is natural to\\nthe human soul. Surely, while the farmers of the country are in-\\nduced, by the mere fondness of freedom, to leave all their domestic\\nconcerns at this season of the year, and undergo the hardships of a\\nsoldier s life to suffer the severest fatigues, and with pleasure face\\nevery danger, I say, while this continues Americans must and\\nwill be free\\nEVESHAM.\\nThis township is 14 m. long, 8 wide and is bounded NE. and\\nE. by Northampton, S. by Washington and Waterford, Glouces-", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "BURLINGTON COUNTY. 105\\nter co., W. by Waterford, Gloucester co., and NW. by Chester.\\nThe surface is level or undulating. In the S. part there is much\\npine timber in the other portions, the soil is generally fertile, and\\nimproved by marl. There are in the township 19 stores, 6 grist-\\nm., 12 saw-m. cap. in manufac. $97,600 21 schools, 167 schol-\\nars. Pop. 5,060.\\nThe village of Medford is 7 m. S. of Mt. Holly. Sixty years\\nsince, it was called Upper Evesham, and then contained but a few\\nhouses. Twent} r years later, its present name was given to it. The\\nViejp of the Friends Meeting-house, Medford.\\nvillage is mostly built in a compact manner, on a single street, and\\nmany of the buildings are of brick. It contains 7 stores, several\\nmechanic shops, a bank, 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist church, 2\\nFriends meeting-houses, and a population of about 700.\\nThe above is a representation of one of the Friends meeting-\\nhouses, said to be the largest in the county measuring 74 ft. long\\nby 42 broad. It is constructed of brick, and is a fair specimen of\\nthe architecture adopted by Friends in their houses for divine wor-\\nship, being substantial in material, and plain and unpretending in\\nfinish. Mariton, 4| m. W. of Medford, is a new and nourishing\\nvillage, containing 2 stores, a Methodist and a Baptist church, and\\nabout 30 dwellings. Lower Evesham has 2 stores, a Friends\\nmeeting, and a few dwellings. At Taunton, 4 m. S. of Medford,\\nis a manufactory for edge tools. Chairville, where there is an ex-\\ntensive chair factory, Cross Roads, Hartford, and Green Tree, con-\\ntain each a few dwellings.\\nCapt. Jonathan Beesley, in June, 1778, having been mortally\\nwounded, was taken to the dwelling now occupied by Mr. Hinch-\\nman Haines, in this township, where he died. He was a captain\\nin the Cumberland co. militia, and had been in active service about\\ntwo years previous to his death. Arduous in the cause, and guided\\nby a sense of duty, he paid little regard to his personal safety. He\\nwas in the neighborhood of Haddonfield when the British were on\\ntheir march across the state from Philadelphia. He, with two\\nother officers, in reconnoitring, were fired upon by a party of Brit-\\nish secreted in a rye-field, when he fell, wounded, into their hands.\\n14", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "106 BURLINGTON COUNTY.\\nHe was conducted to the enemy s camp, and questioned by the\\nofficers respecting the situation and probable movements of Wash-\\nington s army but he peremptorily refused giving them any infor-\\nmation. Finding that neither entreaties or threats would prevail\\nin extorting any thing from him to the injury of his country, the\\nofficer in command, seeing his agony, ordered his own surgeon to\\nattend him, and to take proper care of him, at the same time re-\\nmarking, he was a brave man, and should not be treated with\\nindignity. He lived until the next day, the enemy taking him\\nwith them on their march to the dwelling above mentioned, where\\nhe soon expired, and was buried by them with the honors of war.\\nHis remains were soon after removed to Haddonfield, and interred\\nthere in the Friends burying-ground.\\nHANOVER.\\nThis township is nearly triangular in form, its longest side\\nmeasuring 17, and the other two, 13 miles each. It is bounded E.\\nby Upper Freehold and Dover, Monmouth co., S. by the N. branch\\nof the Rancocus, separating it from Northampton, and W. by Ches-\\nterfield and Springfield. Pop. 3,045. The stfrface is level, the\\nsoil light, and in the N. part fertile and improved by marl. The\\nSE. portion is generally covered with pines. The township con-\\ntains 1 1 stores, 4 grist m., 8 saw m. cap. in manufac. $74,600 9\\nschools, 474 scholars.\\nPemberton, 6 miles from Mount Holly, near the SW. corner of\\nthe township, is built on a gentle elevation between Budd s run and\\nthe N. branch of the Rancocus. The land in this vicinity was\\noriginally owned by David Budd, who, about the year 1758, sold\\nout to a company of four persons, who built a grist and a saw mill\\non the Rancocus, and called the place New Mills, in contradis-\\ntinction to a mill then standing on Budd s run, on the opposite side\\nof the town site. The village was incorporated in 1826 by its\\npresent name, after James Pemberton. It is thriving, and contains\\n3 stores, 1 large saw, and 1 large grist-m., a turning-m., a pump\\nmanufactory, 2 carriage makers, several mechanic shops, 1 Baptist\\nand 2 Methodist churches, and above 100 dwellings. The water-\\npower on the Rancocus, on which the mills are situated, is one of\\nthe best in this region. Shelltown, Arneystown, Cookstown, Han-\\nover, Lisbon, Scrabbletown, Greenwood, Wrightstown, Jacobstown,\\nand Plattsburgh, lately called Sykestown, are small villages and\\nlocalities in the township. At Jacobstown there is a Baptist church,\\nand Methodist societies at Jacobstown and Wrightstown.\\nThe following inscriptions are copied from monuments in the\\ngraveyard adjoining the Methodist church\\nSacred to the memory of the Rev. William Budd, who departed this life 28th Sept.,\\n1809, aged 67 years, 3 months, and 22 days", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "BURLINGTON COUNTY. 107\\nStop, passing stranger, learn thy awful doom\\nAh why that solemn and dejected air\\nIs death so awful, that thou fear st the tomb\\nOr life so sweet, thou wouldst not leave its care\\nThe man who fears his God, dreads not the grave,\\nNor is life sweet, when future bliss is sure:\\nReligion is the only power can save,\\n3 Tis that alone can heavenly joys procure.\\nIn memory of Rev. John Merrick, who departed this life, July 30th, 1798, aged\\n39 years\\nYe who survey with curious eye\\nThis tomb where Merrick s ashes lie\\nHis worth through various life attend,\\nHis virtues learn and mourn liis end.\\nLITTLE EGG HARBOR.\\nThis township comprises the eastern point or section of Burling-\\nton co. It is about 17 miles long, with an average width of 7\\nmiles, bounded N. by Northampton, E. by Stafford, Monmouth co.,\\nW. by Washington, and S. by Little Egg Harbor river and bay.\\nThe soil is light, and a great part of the surface is covered by\\npines. In that part of the township adjoining the ocean, there is\\na marshy tract along the shore from one to three miles in width.\\nTucker s beach fronts the township, and in the Great and Little\\nEgg Harbor bays there are numerous islands. In the northern\\npart are extensive tracts covered with low pines and scrub oaks,\\nknown as the East and West Plains, in which deer and grouse\\nabound. There are in the township 7 stores, 1 grist-m., 1 saw-m.\\ncap. in manufac. $6,800 7 schools, 285 scholars. Pop. 1,875.\\nTuckerton is situated at the head of an arm of the ocean N. of\\nLittle Egg Harbor inlet, about six miles from the sea, on both sides\\nof a stream called Tuckerton mill creek. It is a port of entry,\\ncontaining a custom-house, 2 houses for divine worship, 1 for\\nFriends, and 1 for Episcopal Methodists, 4 stores, two ship-yards,\\nin which more or less vessels are built annually, a saw and grist-\\nin., several mechanic shops, and about 100 dwellings: distant\\n50 miles from Philadelphia, 200 from Washington, and 60 from\\nTrenton.\\nThe district of Little Egg Harbor, and port of Tuckerton, com-\\nprises all the shores, waters, bays, rivers, inlets, and creeks from Bar-\\nnegat inlet to Brigantine inlet, inclusive, 30 miles on the sea-coast,\\nand extends to Batsto, at the head of Mullica river, 30 miles more\\nwithin which boundaries are several furnaces and forges, one cot-\\nton factory, and one extensive paper-mill. There are about 50 sail\\nof vessels enrolled and licensed at the port of Tuckerton.\\nTuckerton was first settled by the whites about the year 1699,\\nby Edward Andrews, Mordecai Andrews, Jacob Andrews,* and\\nJacob Andrews was a considerable proprietor of lands on both sides of Tuckerton\\nmill creek. He was in those days a jovial companion, playing on the violin for the en-", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "108 BURLINGTON COUNTY.\\nDaniel Gaunt, from Long Island. Edward Andrews purchased of\\nSamuel Jennings a large quantity of land on the east and west\\nside of an arm of the sea called Tuckerton creek. About the year\\n1704, he erected a grist and saw m. and about this time a num-\\nber of settlers moved into this neighborhood by the name of\\nShourds, Parker, Rose, Lippincott, Ong, Ridway, Falkenburg, Mott,\\nCarr, Mathis, Orsborn, and Willets. These persons settled each\\nside of the creek, then called Andrews mill creek, and the Middle\\nof the Shore. The chief occupation of the inhabitants, then, was\\nfishing, fowling, ship-building, manufacturing lumber, such as pine\\nand cedar boards, rails and shingles, which were shipped coastwise\\nto the cities, and direct to the West Indies. About 1765, Reuben\\nTucker emigrated from the state of New York and purchased the\\nwhole of the island called Tucker s beach, extending from Little\\nEgg Harbor to Brigantine inlet, 10 miles in length, also a planta-\\ntion near Tuckerton. In 1778, his son, Ebn. Tucker, located him-\\nself in the settlement then called Middle of the Shore, near An-\\ndrews mill, then owned by the Shourds family, and at the close of\\nthe revolutionary war purchased the farm of John and Joseph\\nGaunt, on which the main part of Tuckerton is now built. He\\nsoon laid out the tract into building lots, built houses, entered\\nlargely into the mercantile and shipping business, importing his\\ngroceries direct from the West Indies in exchange for lumber. In\\n1780, the people of the village and vicinity met, and resolved that\\nthe village should be called Tuckerton. In the early part of Wash-\\nington s administration it was established a port of entry for the\\ndistrict of Little Egg Harbor, the collector to reside at Tuckerton.\\nThere used to be, says Watson, a considerable exportation\\nof sassafras from Egg Harbor. Some vessels went direct to Hol-\\nland with it north about, to avoid, I believe, some British orders\\nof trade therein. The Dutch made it into a beverage, which they\\nsold under the name of sloop. This commerce existed before the\\nwar of the revolution.\\nThis was a place of great resort for American privateers during\\nthe revolutionary war. A vast amount of property was brought\\ninto this port, captured from the British. Among the rich prizes\\nwere the ships Venus and Major Pearson from London. Sometimes\\nupwards of thirty armed American vessels have been in the har-\\nbor at one time. The British generals, at Xew York, finding their\\nmerchant ships and transports so much annoyed by the privateers\\nrendezvousing at Tuckerton, determined to destroy the place. For\\nthis purpose they dispatched thither an armament of eight or ten\\nvessels and 700 men the flag-ship being the Zebra sloop-of-war.\\ntertainment of his neighbors, and treating them with rum and cider in their dances. He,\\nhowever, came to a sudden pause in this career, laid aside his violin, became a Friend\\nor Quaker in sentiment, and induced his neighbors for several miles around to come to\\nmeetings at his house, by which means was established a respectable congregation. He\\ngave two acres of land, and with the assistance of his friends built a meeting-house for\\nthe Society, in which, for many years, yearly meetings were held.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "BURLINGTON COUNTY. 109\\nGen. Washington hearing of the expedition, dispatched Count Pu-\\nlaski and his legion, and at the same time sent an express to Tuck-\\nerton, and gave information, so that the privateers escaped. Pu-\\nlaski arrived at Tuckerton three days after the arrival of the Brit-\\nish, who had landed and burnt the village of Chestnut neck, on\\nMullica river, and 10 or 12 houses on Bass river, Tucker s mill, and\\nabout 30 prize vessels lying in the harbor. As the armament and\\ntroops retired, they landed at Osborn s island, 4 miles west of Tuck-\\nerton, in the night, and having captured a sentinel, compelled him\\nto lead them to the spot where Pulaski s picket-guard was station-\\ned. This guard consisted of about 30 men they were completely\\nsurprised by the enemy, who put every one of them to death.\\nThey then retreated to their shipping, tearing up a bridge in .their\\nprogress, which prevented Pulaski from overtaking them. As the\\nenemy s fleet was going out of the harbor, the Zebra grounded, and\\nto prevent her from falling into the hands of the Americans, they\\nset her on fire and as the fire reached her guns they were dis-\\ncharged, much to the amusement of the Americans who beheld the\\nconflagration.\\nDuring the revolutionary war, in the month of January, (1779,\\nit is supposed,) a dreadful shipwreck occurred on the east end of\\nTucker s island. The ship was from Liverpool bound to New York,\\nwith passengers, among whom were several ladies, and goods,\\ncomprising heavy articles. She grounded on the bar during a gale\\nin the night, bilged, filled with water, but did not immediately\\nbreak to pieces. When the storm abated, it was found that every\\nsoul on board had perished with the cold about 30 bodies drifted\\non shore on Tucker s beach, among whom were a number of offi-\\ncers in their regimentals, who were buried on the island. The\\nship finally went to pieces, but nothing of value was saved. Some-\\nwhere about the year 1800, a new inlet broke through Tucker s\\nbeach, and at the same time closed up Brigantine inlet. This new\\ninlet is now the best on the sea-coast of New Jersey, into which\\na vast number of vessels enter for shelter against storms. In 1829\\nand 1830, congress appropriated $15,000 to improve Little Egg\\nHarbor but owing to the bad management of those employed,\\nnothing of any use was effected. In 1815, John Hallock, from New\\nYork, settled at Tuckerton, and introduced the culture of the cas-\\ntor bean and the manufacture of castor oil, which for several\\nyears yielded large profits. In 1816, Daniel Thatcher, from Mas-\\nsachusetts, introduced the manufacture of salt by the evaporation\\nof salt water, but this business with the other has gone down.\\nMANSFIELD.\\nThis township is about 9 miles long, 5 broad and is bounded\\nN. by the Delaware river, E. by Chesterfield, S. by Springfield,\\nand W. by Burlington. The surface is generally level, and the soil,", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "110\\nBURLINGTON COUNTY.\\nof which there is a variety, well cultivated and productive. New-\\nbold or Biddle island, settled about the year 1683, lies in the Dela-\\nware, opposite the township. The township contains 5 stores, 1\\ngrist-m., 1 saw-m. cap. in manufac. $122,500; 1 academy, 12\\nschools, 144 scholars. Pop. 2,401.\\nColumbus, the principal village, is in the south part, 12 miles\\nfrom Trenton, 5 from Bordentown, and 7 from Burlington and\\nMount Holly. This vicinity was originally settled by Thomas\\nScattergood, an English Friend. Before leaving his native coun-\\ntry, he purchased 160 acres, on Craft s creek, for which he paid five\\nCentral part of Columbus.\\nshillings sterling. This farm, now in possession of Mr. C. G. Atkin\\nson, is about half a mile from the village. When he first came,\\nthis region was an unbroken forest, excepting a few clearings made\\nby the Indians, for the cultivation of corn. His wife emigrated\\nwith him. He dug out a cave, on the south bank of the creek,\\nwhere they lived, and reared a family of nine children. This cave\\nis now in existence, and near it a spring, from which they obtained\\nwater. The Indians were very kind, and presented to him beans,\\nvenison, corn, c. The generosity of the natives, in his early trials,\\nwas held in just remembrance. He died, leaving a large estate;\\nand in his will requested his children to act kindly, and allow them\\nthe privilege of residing on his estate, and cutting timber for fuel.\\nSome of his descendants are yet living in the township. Columbus\\nwas founded previous to the American revolution. The names of\\nsome of the early settlers were Martin Gibbs, Abel Starkey, Thomas\\nKerlin, and Michael Buffin. The place was first known as the\\nEncroaching Corners which name originated in a quarrel be-\\ntween two of the settlers, relating to the right of occupancy of\\nland. It was afterward changed to Black Horse, from a tavern\\nin the village, the sign of which had the representation of a black\\nhorse. This sign is still in existence in the village, and among", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "BURLINGTON COUNTY. HI\\nelderly people the place now bears this name. About one hundred\\nyards south of the tavern was formerly an Indian field, where the\\nchildren of the whites and natives mingled in play. On the estate\\nof Thomas Scattergood was an Indian burial-place.\\nColumbus is in a fertile and healthy country, and in the summer\\nis considerably resorted to by the citizens of Philadelphia. It has\\na library, 3 mercantile stores, about 20 mechanic shops of different\\nkinds, 52 dwellings, and nearly 400 inhabitants and a Presbyte-\\nrian, a Baptist, and a Methodist church. The Delaware and At-\\nlantic railroad, used principally for the transportation of timber,\\ncommences on the Delaware, opposite Newbold island, passes\\nthrough this village in crossing the township, and terminates at or\\nnear Greenwood, in the south part of Hanover, on the Rancocus.\\nMansfield, about a mile north of Columbus, contains a few dwell-\\nings, and 2 Friends meeting-houses. The Square, and Georgetown,\\ncontain each a few dwellings.\\nNORTHAMPTON.\\nThis township is about 30 miles long, with a breadth varying\\nfrom 4 to 1 1 miles. It is bounded NE. by Springfield and Hano-\\nver, E. by Monmouth co. and Little Egg Harbor, S. by Washing-\\nton, W. by Evesham and Chester, and NW. by Willingborough and\\nBurlington. The surface is generally level or undulating. The\\nsouth and east portion is mostly covered with pines and oaks the N.\\nand W. part is fertile, and has some of the finest cultivated farms in\\nthe state. The township contains 7 grist-m., 11 saw-m. cap. in\\nmanufac. $238,100 4 academies, 91 students, 6 schools, 386 schol-\\nars. Pop. 6,813.\\nMount Holly, the seat of justice for Burlington co., is in the\\nwest part of the township, on the North branch of the Rancocus,\\n7 miles east of Burlington, and 19 from Trenton. The village is\\npleasantly situated, in a very fertile country, and contains the county\\nbuildings, 9 mercantile stores, a variety of mechanics, a saw, grist,\\nfulling, plaster, and a paper mill, a woollen factory, a bank, 2 news-\\npaper printing-offices, a large boarding-school, 1 Presbyterian, 1\\nEpiscopal, 1 Methodist, and 1 Baptist church, 2 Friends meeting-\\nhouses, between 300 and 400 dwellings, and about 2,000 inhabit-\\nants. Mount Holly derives its name from a hill, or mount, seen on\\nthe left of the engraving, called Mount Holly from the holly-trees\\nupon it. This eminence, about 200 feet above the level of the sea, is\\nsaid to be the highest land in the southern portion of New Jersey.\\nFrom its summit an uninterrupted prospect is had, in every direc-\\ntion where no Alps o er Alps arise scarce even the blue out-\\nlines of far-off hills are seen mellowing away in the distance. One\\nhere beholds the earth beneath, like a carpeted lawn, interspersed\\nwith woodland, cultivated fields, and smiling villas.\\nMount Holly was settled by Friends, not long after the settle-", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "il2\\nBURLINGTON COUNTY.\\nSouthwest View of Mount Holly.\\nment of Burlington. A grist and saw mill was built on the North\\nbranch of the Rancocus at an early date. It originally bore the\\nname of Bridgetown, and previous to the American revolution was\\na village of about 200 houses. Some porches still remain, on the\\nmore ancient dwellings, to revive the recollection of the social\\nmanners which once prevailed, when neighbors freely and uncere-\\nmoniously visited from house to house, taking the porches for their\\nsittings and conversation. They were the delight of the young,\\nfor they facilitated visits and acquaintance between the sexes. The\\nmoderns scout them, even while they desire their use.\\nIn the war. Mount Holly was a place of considerable importance.\\nThe legislature for a time held its sittings here, and some British\\ntroops were temporarily quartered upon the inhabitants. The\\nhouses where they resided were designated by numbers, some of\\nwhich remain, as relics of those perilous times. The late William\\nIV., then a young man, was here with the British troops between\\nwhom and the Americans some slight skirmishes ensued. Musket-\\nballs are frequently found on Topetoy hill, and vicinity. The yel-\\nlow-fever in Philadelphia, in 1793, and the massacre of St. Domin-\\ngo, filled the town with a surplus population. The French, par-\\ntaking of the volubility and gaiety of their race, made the place\\nlively with their conversation forming a strong contrast to the\\nstaid, sober, but no less happy Quaker inhabitants, with whom,\\nWith silent course, which no loud storms annoy,\\nGlides the smooth current of domestic joy.\\nAbout this period, Stephen Girard, famous for his riches and\\ngifts, landed at Egg Harbor, came across the country on a ped-\\ndling tour, and took up his residence in the village. He lived on\\nthe site of Mrs. Rebecca Rogers dwelling, in Mill-st., where he\\nopened a cigar-shop, and sold raisins, by the penny s worth, to\\nchildren. He is said then to have been a little, unnoticed man,\\nsave that the beauty of his wife, whom he married here, worried\\nand alienated his mind.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "BURLINGTON COUNTY.\\n113\\nView of the County Buildings, Mount Holly.\\nThe courts of the county were removed from Burlington to\\nMount Holly, in 179G, and the present substantial county build-\\nings soon erected. On the right of the above engraving is the jail,\\na dark stone structure the brick edifice, with a cupola, is the court-\\nhouse, and the county offices are in two small brick buildings, one\\nof which is seen in the view. There are in the village several ele-\\ngant dwellings, among which is conspicuous Dunn s Chinese cot-\\ntage, erected by the proprietor of the late Chinese Museum in\\nPhiladelphia. It is at the base of the mount, at the western en-\\ntrance of the town, and is a combination of the Chinese and Eng-\\nlish cottage style. The grounds are tastefully arranged, and the\\ngeneral effect of the whole is light, fanciful, and extremely pictu-\\nresque. A little north, and also at the foot of the mount, a ceme-\\ntery has recently been laid out, promising to be, in the course of a\\nfew years, one of the most elegant in the country. Amonp- other\\ncuriosities of the village is the sign-post, fronting Stryker s hotel\\nworthy of notice from having been one of the masts of the Hyder\\nAli, a noted privateer in the American revolution.\\nIn the war of the revolution a singular cannon was made by a\\nperson who afterward lived in the village. It was constructed of\\nwrought-iron staves, hooped like a barrel with bands of the same\\nmaterial, excepting there were four layers of staves breaking joint\\nall of which were firmly bound together, and then bored and breech-\\ned like other cannon. The artisan died only a few years since in\\nPennsylvania. The annexed notice of his death is from a paper\\npublished at the time. Died on Sunday, the 19th ultimo, William\\nDenning, in the 94th year of his age. The deceased was an arti-\\nficer m thearmy of the revolution,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 he it was, who in the day of\\nhis country s need, made the only successful attempt ever made in the\\nworld to manufacture wrought-iron cannon, one of which he com-\\npleted in Middlesex, Penn., and commenced another and larger\\n15", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "114\\nBURLINGTON COUNTY.\\none at Mount Holly but could get no one to assist him who could\\nstand the heat, which is said to have been so severe as to melt, the\\nlend buttons on his coat The unfinished piece is now in the Phil-\\nadelphia arsenal. The one completed was taken by the British\\nat the battle of Brandywine, and is now in the tower of London.\\nThe British offered a stated annuity and a large sum to the person\\nwho would instruct them in the manufacture of that article but\\nthe patriotic blacksmith preferred obscurity and poverty in his own\\nbeloved country, though the country for which he had done so\\nmuch, kept her purse closed from the veteran soldier until near\\nthe period of his decease.\\nWoolman House, near Mount Holly.\\nThe above is a representation of the Woolman Place, situated\\na little out of the village of Mount Holly, on the road to Spring-\\nfield. The house represented was built according to the particular\\ndirections of John Woolman, the celebrated travelling preacher\\namong the Friends, and in which his wife and daughter resided af-\\nter his decease. John Woolman was distinguished for purity of\\nheart and benevolence of principle, one of the genuine nobility of\\nthe human race. He was born in Northampton, Burlington co.,\\nN. J., in 1720. At a very early age his mind was drawn toward\\nreligious subjects. When about eighteen years of age he was\\npowerfully impressed with religious truth, and with a strong and\\nprayerful desire to be delivered from the power of sin.\\nIn his Journal he writes, I kept steadily to meetings spent\\nfirst-days afternoon chiefly in reading the scriptures and other good\\nbooks, and was early convinced in my own mind, that true religion\\nconsisted in an inward life, wherein the heart doth love and rever-\\nence God the Creator, and learns to exercise true justice and good-\\nness, not only toward all men, but also toward the brute crea-\\ntures that as the mind was moved by an inward principle to love\\nGod as an invisible, incomprehensible Being, by the same principle\\nit was moved to love him in all his manifestations in the visible\\nworld that as by his breath the flame of life was kindled in all\\nanimal sensible creatures, to say we love God as unseen, and, at\\nthe same time, exercise cruelty toward the least creature moving", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "BURLINGTON COUNTY. 115\\nby his life, or by life derived from him, was a contradiction in itself.\\nI found no narrowness respecting sects and opinions but believed\\nthat sincere, upright-hearted people in every society, who truly\\nlove God, were accepted of him. As I lived under the cross, and\\nsimply followed the openings of truth, my mind, from day to day,\\nwas more enlightened.\\nMr. Woolman lived with his parents and wrought on his fa-\\nther s plantation, till he was about twenty-one years of age, when\\nhe hired himself to tend a shop and keep the books of a man who\\ndid business at Mount Holly, about five miles from his father s\\nhouse. His employer, though a retailer of goods, was by trade a\\ntailor, and kept a servant-man at that business, of whom Mr. Wool-\\nman learned his trade. His first religious visit or tour was into\\nEast Jersey, in 1743, and in 1749 he was married to Sarah Ellis.\\nWoolman, from the commencement of his religious course, felt\\nhimself bound to give his testimony against slavery, then so preva-\\nlent in all the colonies, and even to a considerable extent among\\nFriends. He was frequently called to write wills for those who\\nresided in his vicinity, but although a profitable business, he re-\\nfused to write any in which the right of holding human beings as\\nproperty was acknowledged.\\nUntil this year, 1756, I continued to retail goods, besides following my trade as a\\ntailor, about which time I grew uneasy on account of my business growing too cumber-\\nsome. I had begun with selling trimmings for garments, and from thence proceeded to\\nselling cloths and linens and at length, having got a considerable shop of goods, my\\ntrade increased every year, and the road to large business appeared to be open but I\\nfelt a stop in my mind.\\nThrough the mercies of the Almighty, I had, in a good degree, learned to be con-\\ntent with a plain way of living. I had but a small family, and on serious consideration,\\nI believed truth did not require me to engage in much cumbering affairs. It had been\\nmy general practice to buy and sell things really useful. Things that served chiefly to\\nplease the vain mind in people, I was not easy to trade in seldom did it and, when-\\never I did, I found it weakened me as a Christian. The increase of business became\\nmy burden for, though my natural inclination was toward merchandise, yet I believed\\nTruth required me to live more free from outward cumbers and there was now a strife\\nin my mind between the two and in this exercise my prayers were put up to the Lord,\\nwho graciously heard me and gave me a heart resigned to his holy will. Then I lessened\\nmy outward business, and, as I had opportunity, told my customers of my intentions,\\nthat they might consider what shop to turn to, and in a while, wholly laid down mer-\\nchandise, following my trade as a tailor, myself only, having no apprentice. I also had\\na nursery of apple-trees, in which I employed some of my time in hoeing, grafting, trim-\\nming, and inoculating. In merchandise it is the custom where I lived to sell chiefly on\\ncredit, and poor people often get in debt and when payment is expected, not having\\nwherewith to pay, their creditors often sue for it at law. Having often observed occur-\\nrences of this kind, I found it good for me to advise poor people to take such goods as\\nwere most useful and not costly.\\nIn the time of trading, I had an opportunity of seeing, that the too liberal use of\\nspirituous liquors, and the custom of wearing too costly apparel, led some people into\\ngreat inconveniences and these two things appear to be often connected one with the\\nother; for, by not attending to that use of things which is consistent with universal\\nrighteousness, there is an increase of labor which extends beyond what our heavenly\\nFather intends for us and by great labor, and often by much sweating, there is, even\\namong such who are not drunkards, a craving of some liquors to revive the spirits that\\npartly by the luxurious drinking of some, and partly by the drinking of others, (led to it\\nthrough immoderate labor,) very great quantities of rum are every year expended in our\\ncolonies the greater part of which we should have no need of, did we steadily attend to\\npure wisdom.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "116 BURLINGTON COUNTY.\\nDuring the French war in 1757, Aug. 9th, the military officers\\nof Burlington county received orders to draft from the militia a\\nbody of soldiers to go to the relief of Fort William Henry, then in-\\nvested by the French and Indians. The militia were reviewed at\\nMount Holly and sent off under some officers. This was a time of\\ntrial for many Friends but by the forbearance of the officers,\\nsuch as were drafted were allowed to remain at home.\\nOn the fourth day of the fourth month, in the year 1758, orders came to some officers\\nin Mount Holly, to prepare quarters a short time for about one hundred soldiers and an\\nofficer and two other men, all inhabitants of our town, came to my house and the offi-\\ncer told me he came to speak with me, to provide lodging and entertainment for two sol\\ndiers, there being six shillings a week per man allowed as pay for it. The case being\\nnew and unexpected, I made no answer suddenly, but sat a time silent, my mind being\\ninward I was fully convinced that the proceedings in war are inconsistent with the\\npurity of the Christian religion and to be hired to entertain men who were then under\\npay as soldiers, was a difficulty with me. I expected they had legal authority for what\\nthey did, and after a short time I said to the officer, If the men are sent here for enter-\\ntainment, I believe I shall not refuse to admit them into my house. But the nature of\\nthe case is such, that I expect I cannot keep them on hire. One of the men intimated\\nthat he thought I might do it consistent with my religious principles, to which I made\\nno reply, as believing silence at that time best for me. Though they spake of two, there\\ncame only one, who tarried at my house about two weeks, and behaved himself civilly\\nand when the officer came to pay me, I told him I could not take pay for it, having ad-\\nmitted him into my house in a passive obedience to authority. I was on horseback\\nwhen he spake to me and as I turned from him, he said he was obliged to me, to which\\nI said nothing but thinking on the expression, grew uneasy and afterward being near\\nwhere he lived, I went and told him on what grounds I refused pay for keeping the\\nsoldier.\\nMr. Woolman died at York, England, while on a religious visit\\nto that country in 1772. His opinions on plainness of dress, c,\\nwas carried to a greater extent than would be thought necessary\\nat this time. In the latter part of his life he allowed his beard to\\ngrow, and when of an inconvenient length, clipped it with scissors.\\nHe wore clothing of the natural color the woollen white, the lin-\\nen flax. The following summary account of his life is from the\\ntestimony of the monthly meeting of Friends, prefixed to the vol-\\nume entitled The Works of John Woolman.\\nA TESTIMONY of the monthly meeting of Friends, held in Burlington, the first\\nday of the eighth month, in the year of our Lord 1774, concerning our esteemed friend,\\nJohn Woolman, deceased.\\nHe was born in Northampton, in the county of Burlington, and province of West New\\nJersey, in the eighth month, 1720, of religious parents, who instructed him very early in\\nthe principles of the Christian religion, as professed by the people called Quakers, which\\nhe esteemed a blessing to him, even in young years, tending to preserve him from the\\ninfection of wicked children but through the workings of the enemy, and levity inci-\\ndent to youth, he frequently deviated from those parental precepts, by which he laid a\\nrenewed foundation for repentance, that was finally succeeded by a godly sorrow not to\\nbe repented of, and so became acquainted with that sanctifying power which qualifies\\nfor true gospel ministry, into which he was called about the twenty.second year of his\\nage and by a faithful use of the talents committed to him, he experienced an increase,\\nuntil he arrived at the state of a father capable of dividing the word aright to the different\\nstates he ministered unto, dispensing milk to babes, and meat to those of riper years.\\nThus he found the efficacy of that power to arise, which, in his own expressions, pre-\\npares the creature to stand like a trumpet through which the Lord speaks to his people.\\nHe was a loving husband, a tender father, and very humane to every part of the crea-\\ntion under his care.\\nHis concern for the poor and those in affliction, was evident by his visits to them,", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "BURLINGTON COUNTY. 117\\nwhom he frequently relieved by his assistance and charity. He was for many years\\ndeeply exercised on account of the poor enslaved Africans, whose cause, as he some-\\ntimes mentioned, lay almost continually upon him, and to obtain liberty to those cap-\\ntives, he labored both in public and in private, and was favored to see his endeavors\\ncrowned with considerable success. He was particularly desirous that Friends should\\nnot be instrumental to lay burdens on this oppressed people, but remember the days of\\nsuffering from which they had been providentially delivered, that if times of trouble\\nshould return, no injustice dealt to those in slavery might rise in judgment against us\\nbut, being clear, we might on such occasions address the Almighty with a degree of\\nconfidence, for his interposition and relief, being particularly careful as to himself, not to\\ncountenance slavery even by the use of those conveniences of life which were furnished\\nby their labor.\\nHe was desirous to have his own and the minds of others redeemed from the pleasures\\nand immoderate profits of this world, and to fix them on those joys which fade not\\naway his principal care being after a life of purity, endeavoring to avoid not only the\\ngrosser pollutions, but those also which, appearing in a more refined dress, are not suffi-\\nciently guarded against by some well-disposed people. In the latter part of his life he\\nwas remarkable for the plainness and simplicity of his dress, and as much as possible\\navoiding the use of plate, costly furniture, and feasting thereby endeavoring to become\\nan example of temperance and self-denial, which he believed himself called unto, and\\nwas favored with peace therein, although it carried the appearance of great austerity in\\nthe view of some. He was very moderate in his charges in the way of business, and in\\nhis desires after gain and, though a man of industry, avoided and strove much to lead\\nothers out of extreme labor and anxiousness after perishable things, being desirous that the\\nstrength of our bodies might not be spent in procuring things unprofitable, and that we\\nmight use moderation and kindness to the brute animals under our care, to prize the use\\nof them as a great favor, and by no means abuse them that the gifts of Providence\\nshould thankfully be received and applied to the uses for which they were designed.\\nHe several times opened a school at Mount Holly for the instruction of poor Friends\\nchildren and others, being concerned for their help and improvement therein. His love\\nand care for the rising youth among us was truly great, recommending to parents and\\nthose who have the charge of them, to choose conscientious and pious tutors, saying,\\nIt is a lovely sight to behold innocent children, and that to labor for their help\\nagainst that which would mar the beauty of their minds, is a debt we owe them.\\nHis ministry was sound, very deep and penetrating, sometimes pointing out the dan-\\ngerous situation which indulgence and custom leads into, frequently exhorting others,\\nespecially the youth, not to be discouraged at the difficulties which occur, but press after\\npurity. He often expressed an earnest engagement that pure wisdom should be attended\\nto, which would lead into lowliness of mind and resignation to the Divine will, in which\\nstate small possessions here would be sufficient.\\nIn transacting the affairs of discipline, his judgment was sound and clear, and he was\\nvery useful in treating with those who had done amiss he visited such in a private\\nway, in that plainness which truth dictates, showing great tenderness and Christian for-\\nbearance. He was a constant attender of our yearly meeting, in which he was a good\\nexample, and particularly useful assisting in the business thereof with great weight\\nand attention. He several times visited most of the meetings of Friends in this and\\nthe neighboring provinces, with the concurrence of the monthly meeting to which he\\nbelonged, and we have reason to believe had good service therein, generally or always\\nexpressing at his return, how it had fared with him, and the evidence of peace in his\\nown mind for thus performing his duty. He was often concerned with other Friends in\\nthe important service of visiting families, which he was enabled to go through with sat-\\nisfaction.\\nIn the minutes of the meeting of ministers and elders for this quarter, at the foot of\\nthe list of members for that meeting, made about five years before his death, we find in\\nhis handwriting the following observation and reflection As looking over the\\nminutes made by persons who have put off this body, hath sometimes revived in me a\\nthought how many ages pass away so this list may probably revive a thought in some,\\nwhen I and the rest of the persons aboved-named are centred in another state of being.\\nThe Lord who was the guide of my youth, hath in tender mercies helped me hitherto\\nhe hath healed me of wounds he hath helped me out of grievous entanglements he\\nremains to be the strength of my life to whom I desire to devote myself in time and\\neternity. Signed, John Woolman.\\nIn the twelfth month, 1771, he acquainted this meeting that he found his mind drawn", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "118 BURLINGTON COUNTY.\\ntoward a religious visit to Friends in some parts of England, particularly Yorkshire.\\nIn the first month, 1772, he obtained our certificate, which was approved and endorsed\\nby our quarterly meeting of ministers and elders at Philadelphia. He embarked on his\\nvoyage on the fifth and arrived in London on the sixth month following, at the time of\\ntheir annual meeting in that city. During his short visit to Friends in that kingdom,\\nwe are informed that his services were acceptable and edifying. In his last illness he\\nuttered many lively and comfortable expressions, being perfectly resigned, having no\\nwill either to live or to die, as appears by testimony of Friends at York, in Great Brit-\\nain, in the suburbs whereof, at the house of our friend Thomas Priestman, he died of the\\nsmall-pox, on the seventh day of the tenth month, 1772, and was buried in Friends\\nburying-ground in that city, on the ninth of the same, after a large and solid meeting\\nheld on the occasion, at their great meeting-house, aged nearly fifty-two years a minis-\\nter upwards of thirty years, during which time he belonged to Mount Holly particular\\nmeeting, which he diligently attended when at home and in health of body, and his la-\\nbors of love and pious care for the prosperity of Friends in the blessed Truth, we hope\\nmay not be forgotten, but that his good works may be remembered to edification.\\nSigned in and by order of the said meeting by Samuel Allinsox, Cleric.\\nRead and approved at our quarterly meeting, held at Burlington, the 29th of the 8th\\nmonth, 1774.\\nSigned by order of said meeting, Daniel Smith, Clerk.\\nLumberton, two and a half miles from Mount Holly, on the south\\nbranch of the Rancocus, contains a store, a f:i;is manufactory, a\\n:S.i.\u00c2\u00ab.f -mill, a Methodist church, and 45 dwellings. It lies at the head\\nof navigation. A considerable number of vessels, sloops, scows,\\nc, run from here to Philadelphia with lumber and charcoal. A\\nlittle more than half a century since, there were only 11 dwellings\\nin the place. The names of some of the inhabitants at that period\\nwere iSolomon Gaskell, a blind preacher Joseph and Richard Ed-\\nwards, storekeepers Eber More, carpenter John Wilson, tanner\\nJohn Barefoot, James Rogers, John Armstrong, and Isaac and\\nThomas Smith. Eayrs-town, three and a half miles from Mount\\nHolly, on the south branch of the Rancocus, has a grist, saw, and a\\nfulling mill, and about 20 dwellings. Shreve s Mills are two and\\na half miles from Mount Holly, on the North branch of the Ranco-\\ncus. Buddstown, on the Stop-the-jade creek, about eight miles\\nfrom the courthouse, on the edge of the pines, contains 2 stores, a\\nsaw-mill, several mechanics, and about 30 dwellings. Birming-\\nham, four miles E. of Mount Holly, on the North branch of the\\nRancocus, contains a grist, saw, and fulling mill, and about 20\\ndwellings. There are several other localities, situated principally\\namong the pines. They are Red Lion, Mount Misery, Ong s Hat,\\nBurr s Mills, White Horse, Friendship, Pine Cabin, Tabernacle,\\nRetreat Factory. Prickets, Mary Ann, Half- Way, Turpentine, and\\nTimbuctoo. Vincent-town, five miles SE. of Mount Holly, at the\\njunction of Stop-the-jade creek with the South branch of the\\nRancocus, is a flourishing village, mostly grown up since the revo-\\nlutionary war.\\nThe village is compactly built, principally on a single street,\\nwith a slight elevation to the southeast, of which the annexed view,\\ntaken near the store of R. H. Woolston, is a representation. It\\ncontains 4 stores, a grist, saw, and turning mill, an extensive tan-\\nnery, a select school, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist church, and a Friends\\nmeeting, 90 dwellings, and about 600 inhabitants. In this vicinity", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "BURLINGTON COUNTY.\\n119\\nCentral View in Vincent-town.\\nexcellent cuirim-r -i miu- is found. There was anciently a settle-\\nment of Indians about a mile west of Vincent-town, on Quakeson\\ncreek, where stood a log church, in which the Rev. John Brainard,\\na brother of the celebrated missionary, occasionally preached.\\nThis clergyman lived at Mount Holly during the American revolu-\\ntion, in a dwelling now occupied by John Gibson, in the E. part of\\nBrainard-st., where he died. The Presbyterian church in which he\\nofficiated at Mount Holly, was burnt in the war whether by acci-\\ndent or design is unknown.\\nThe following account of a hermit, residing near the western\\nline of the township over 60 years since, is extracted from a news-\\npaper of the time.\\nOn the 19th inst. (Jan. 1778) died, in the 66th year of his age, Francis Furgler, the\\nhermit, who existed alone twenty-five years, in a thick wood about four miles from Bur-\\nlington, through all the inclemencies of the seasons, without fire, in a cell made by the\\nside of an old log, in the form of an oven, not high or long enough to stand upright in,\\nor lie extended. His recluse manner of living excited the curiosity of strangers, by\\nwhom he was often visited. His reasons for thus secluding himself from human society\\nwe believe he never communicated to any person in these parts, but it is thought he\\nmeant by it to do penance for crimes committed in his own country for he was a man\\nsubject to violent passions. He subsisted upon nuts, and the charity of the people in\\nthe neighborhood. From whence he came, or who he was, nobody could find out, but\\nappeared to be by his dialect a German, yet he spoke that language imperfectly, either\\nthrough design, or from some defect in his intellects. The evening before his death a\\nfriend carried him a little nourishment, of which he partook, earnestly praying for his\\ndissolution and would not suffer himself to be removed to a more comfortable dwelling.\\nNext morning he was found dead in his cell, with a crucifix and a brass fish by his side\\nand on the 20th he was decently interred in Friends burying-place at Mount Holly.\\nSPRINGFIELD.\\nSpringfield is triangular in form, its longest side measuring 10,\\nand the others 7 and 9 miles in length. It is bounded N. by Mans-", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "120 BURLINGTON COUNTY.\\nfield, SE. by Hanover, and SW. by Northampton and Burlington.\\nThere are in the township 3 stores, cap. in manufac. $6,320 7\\nschools, 41 1 scholars. Pop. 1,630. The surface is mostly level, and\\nsoil sandy loam, and generally very fertile. The township was\\nsettled by Friends, between the years 1682 and 1695, principally\\nemigrants from Yorkshire, Derbyshire, and the adjoining counties\\nin England. Some of the early settlers, however, were from Long\\nIsland, and the state of Rhode Island. The Assiscunk and Earker s\\ncreek, and also North run, formerly called Tomlinson s run, one of\\nthe principal tributaries of Crosswick s creek, rises in the town-\\nship. The two first head on the marl region, and have on them\\nlarge tracts of superior meadow. The farms of the township are\\nlarge, with substantial dwellings and barns, and are well adapted\\nto the culture of grain and grass. Large numbers of live-stock\\nare raised, particularly in the marl district. Juliustown, the largest\\nvillage, named from Julius Evans, is 7 miles NE. of Mount Holly,\\nand contains about 30 dwellings, and a Methodist church. Jobs-\\ntown, 6 miles from Mount Holly, on the road to Freehold, contains\\na few dwellings. It is named from Job Lippincott, who owned a\\nchief part of the land in the vicinity, and built a tavern there about\\nthe year 1798. Jacksonville, in the NW. part of the township, has\\n2 stores, a Methodist church, and about 12 dwellings. There are\\nin Springfield 3 Friends meeting-houses, one of brick, built at Up-\\nper Springfield in 1727, about 3 miles E. of Jobs-town one of\\nbrick at old Springfield, half a mile E. of Jacksonville and one\\nof stone at the Mount, about a mile westerly of Juliustown.\\nWASHINGTON.\\nThis township was formed in 1802, from Northampton, Evesham,\\nand Little Egg Harbor. It is nearly triangular in form its north-\\nern line measuring about 21. its eastern 15, and its southwestern 23\\nmiles. It is bounded N. by Northampton and Evesham, E. by Little\\nEgg Harbor, and SW. by Mullica and Galloway, Atlantic co., and\\nWaterford, Gloucester co. The surface is level soil generally\\nsandy and covered with pines. It is thinly settled and has few in-\\nhabitants, excepting such as are employed in the glass and iron\\nworks. The vicinity of the Quaker bridge, in this township, is a\\nremarkably interesting botanical region, there being there many\\nrare and beautiful flowers.\\nThere are large quantities of bog iron ore in the township. It is\\nan interesting fact, that after being dug, the deposit is in time re-\\nnewed. In some places the period does not exceed twenty years.\\nThe renewal of the ore arises from the circumstance that the soil\\nin which it is formed, is incessantly washed by springs containing\\nmuch iron in their composition. The Wading river and its branches\\ndrain the central part of the township, and the Little Egg Harbor\\nriver forms its SW. boundary. These are never-failing streams,", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "BURLINGTON COUNTY. 121\\nand furnish more natural water-power than is to be found in any\\nother township in this part of New Jersey. The township contains\\n4 stores, 2 furnaces, 5 grist-m., 8 saw-m. cap. in manufac. $76,000\\n8 schools, 470 scholars. Pop. 1,630.\\nAt M Cartyville, on Wading river, about 28 miles from Mount\\nHolly, is one of the largest and best paper-mills in the state, owned\\nby an incorporated company, and erected at a great expense.\\nThere are there twenty or thirty houses. Green Bank, on the\\nLittle Egg Harbor river, 3 miles below Batsto, contains 1 saw, 1\\ngrist-mill, a glass factory, and about 20 dwellings. Lower Bank, 6\\nmiles below Batsto, on the same stream, has a Methodist church\\nand about 30 dwellings. Martha, Speedwell, and Union Works,\\nare furnaces on Wading river, at present not in operation. Bridge-\\nport, at the head of navigation on Wading river, has a few dwellings.\\nHampton, in the NW. corner of the township, contains a forge,\\nsaw-mill, and 10 dwellings. The well-known Batsto furnace is on\\nBatsto river, near the forks of Little Egg Harbor river, on the SW.\\nline of the township, 28 miles SE. of Mount Holly. The name is\\nsupposed to have been derived from an Indian word signifying\\nBathing, this having been a favorite resort of the natives for that\\npurpose. It contains a large grist and saw mill, and the furnace of\\nJesse Richards, Esq., where are usually employed about 125 men j\\nand it is estimated that 700 or 800 persons derive their subsistence\\nfrom these works. Batsto was founded in 1766, by Charles Reed.\\nIn the American revolution it was owned by Col. John Cox at\\nwhich time the furnace was employed in casting cannon, shot, and\\nbomb-shells, for the American army. The workmen were organ-\\nized into a military corps but were excused, by act of legislature,\\nfrom actual service, unless in case of an invasion of the county.\\nAtsion is on Atsion river, a branch of the Mullicas or Little Egg\\nHarbor. It lies at the angle of Burlington, Gloucester, and Atlan-\\ntic counties, 18 miles SE. of Mount Holly, and contains 15 or 20\\ndwellings, a Methodist church, and a furnace employing about 120\\nworkmen.\\nEdgepelick is the name of a locality about 3 m. N. of Atsion,\\nwhere was the last Indian settlement in the state. The remnant\\nof the tribe, consisting of about 100 souls, emigrated to the West\\nnearly half a century since. There is, however, a single family\\nbut of mixed breed residing in the vicinity, in a log hut. Brain-\\nard, the missionary, for a time resided among the Indians at this\\nplace. His dwelling stood about 8 rods S. of the saw-mill of God-\\nfrey Hancock, on rising ground, the site of which is still marked\\nby a depression, showing the precise spot where the cellar was.\\nWithin a few rods is the spring from which the family obtained\\nwater. The natives had a saw-mill on the site of Nicholas S.\\nThompson s mill, a quarter of a mile NE. of Brainard s house.\\nTheir burying-ground was on the edge of the pond, about 40 rods\\nNW. of the same dwelling. In the vicinity stood their church,\\n16", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "122 CAPE MAY COUNTY.\\nbuilt of logs, and destroyed about 35 years since. After the Indians\\nleft, it was used by the whites for public worship.\\nWILLINGBORO.\\nThis township is about 5 m. long, 3 wide and is bounded NE. by\\nBurlington, E. by Northampton, SW. by Chester, and NW. by the\\nDelaware river. Its surface is level soil fertile, and, in the eastern\\npart, productive in grain and grass, and in the western, in vege-\\ntables. The railroad between New York and Philadelphia passes\\nthrough the W. part of Willingboro. The township was early set-\\ntled by Friends. It contains 4 stores cap. in manufac. 3,100\\n2 schools, 73 scholars. Pop. 900.\\nCooperstown is on the Camden and Burlington road, 3 m. from\\nthe latter place. It contains a Methodist and a Free church,\\nand a few dwellings. Dunks Ferry, a noted crossing-place on the\\nDelaware in the war of the revolution, contains a few dwellings\\nand an Episcopal church. Rancocus, 4 m. W. of Mt. Holly, on\\nthe line of this and Northampton township, is a new and handsome\\nvillage, grown up within a few years, and containing a Friends\\nmeeting and about 30 dwellings.\\nOn the site of the Franklin Park Academy, on the bank of the\\nRancocus, formerly stood the mansion of William Franklin, the last\\nof the colonial governors of New Jersey. It was destroyed by fire\\na few years since. Within sight of the academy was the first\\nRancocus meeting-house of Friends now down. An ancient tree\\nnear there, of imported and unknown character, now shows the\\ngraveyard, close to the tumulus formed by the graves of the In-\\ndians. There they used to be brought on wickers, on men s shoul-\\nders, and were interred in sitting postures, surrounded and defend-\\ned by upright wickers.\\nCAPE MAY COUNTY.\\nCape May county is bounded N. by Atlantic co., E. and S. by the\\nocean, and W. by Delaware bay and Cumberland co. length, 30\\nmiles; greatest breadth, 14 miles. This county is level, and its\\nformation alluvial. Along on the seaside, several beaches, known\\nas Two-mile Beach, Five-mile, Learning s, Ludlam s, and\\nPeck s, unitedly extend the whole length of the county. They\\nare covered with grass, and afford excellent pasturage. West of\\nthis is a marsh, from 2 to 3 miles wide, broken by many small salt-\\nwater lakes, communicating by inlets with the ocean. There is a\\nsimilar marsh, though not interspersed with lakes, on the western,\\nand one on the northern boundary of the county. The soil of the", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "CAPE MAY COUNTY. 123\\nsoil of the county is composed generally of sand, loam, and gravel,\\nwhich in many places is covered with oak, and in the northern part\\npine is found. The inhabitants are mostly engaged in agriculture\\nwheat, rye, oats, and Indian corn being the principal crops. Large\\nquantities of timber are annually exported to market. Nearly all\\nthe hay is obtained from the salt-marshes.\\nThis county derives its name from Cornelius Jacobse Mey, who,\\nin 1621, was sent out by the Dutch West India Company, with a\\nnumber of settlers and explored the coast, from Cape Cod to the\\nDelaware, and gave his own name to its northern cape.* In 1729,\\nthe Dutch Company sent out three ships, with agents to purchase\\nlands of the natives; one of which entered the Delaware, and\\nbought, the succeeding year, of nine Indian chiefs, for Goodwin and\\nBloemart, 16 square miles, on the peninsula of Cape May. Noth-\\ning definite can be gathered of its first settlement, previous to 1691\\nyet it is not improbable it was settled as early as 1640. A large\\nproportion of the original settlers came from Long Island, the whale-\\nfishery then holding out strong inducements for them to visit its\\nshores. Cape May was first made a county by a proprietary law,\\nin 1692 by another, in 1694, it had its bounds better ascertained;\\nand by the act of 1710 they were definitely fixed.\\nCape May co. is divided into 4 townships, viz\\nDennis, Lower, Middle, Upper.\\nIts population, in 1726, was 668; in 1738, was 1,004; in 1790,\\nwas 2,571, (of whom 141 were slaves;) in 1810, was 3,632; in\\n1830, was 4,936, (slaves 3 in 1840, was 5,324.\\nDENNIS.\\nThis township was formed in 1826. It is 13 miles long, with an\\naverage width of about 6. It is bounded N. by Upper Township,\\nE. by the ocean, S. by Middle Township, and W. by Maurice river,\\nCumberland co. Dennis creek runs through an extensive cedar\\nswamp. The whole township, except that part cultivated, or\\nmeadow, is covered with oaks, pines, and cedars. There are in the\\ntownship 7 stores, 2 grist-mills, 6 saw-mills 4 schools, 205 scholars.\\nPop. 1,350.\\nDennisville is a post- village, extending on both sides of the creek\\nfor a mile. It is 8 miles north of the courthouse, 8 south of Tucka-\\nhoe, and 28 from Bridgeton. It contains 5 stores, about 70 dwell-\\nings, a neat academy the upper story of which is used for a ly-\\nceum, and for religious meetings. Ship-building and the lumber-\\ntrade are carried on here. The Methodist church, at this place,\\nMey must have possessed a due share of egotism, as he named the bay of New York\\nPort Mey the Delaware, New Port Mey its north cape, Cape Mey and its\\nsouth cape, Cape Cornelius. Only one of his designations has been handed down to\\nposterity, and that has undergone some change in its orthography the e being changed\\nto a.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "TiTT Vr T", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "-_-.--.r-- -v- _._-. i\\ntTKifkwodbyiTVg,iiBn toiteEagrf GwatBiiuki wlwlyeGoi. I\\ni *-__\\nz -\u00e2\u0096\u00a0-\u00e2\u0096\u00a0-__ _.--:\\n:e \\\\_\\nJ 7- H_n:\u00e2\u0080\u0094 I l~\\n\u00c2\u00b1_ _ -i.i- ~_;r~--z. 1\\n-_r. _--.-_- 7\\niT\u00c2\u00ab\\nt~~ MB dGBE5uE3B\u00c2\u00a3^^Ea JfiHQft JEjEHBCL\\n.-r _ _ ~t\\n7\\nr- ~-~..i:..z ~z-z _- -z _*-: n: ir:~f_ ii -i\\n_ zz. t ir.r-: _i: j\\nc~ -.~~~.t; i.izis. ii: :::i-:i:* ll-~ iniT V;\\nzz.j fr~-T: i .__l_^ :j Mr ~i :.i:ir- n:\\nn f r i_r\\nzz z-^l-L-LtS zzzr zzzzzzz.-\\ni i:r^ rrr __m\u00e2\u0080\u0094 fr. i-- f i::i:-- 7\\nJif -.r;.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 7 --i: i:f i- i-ri i I Hirr.\u00c2\u00ab Ji:\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0was oro^^io the Bki^dkbrcsBseke sold ^inporwder. TW j \u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00e2\u0096\u00a0flii ml\\ns \\\\:i __=. i~i -._*r _ i __i ;:ii\\n2r~ LLt-J _ -ZZZZ-. ZZZ ZZ\\nJ- i c IT. _ c2SfT.\\nriTf-i :~.rr .--_-- _:-_ I izzz\\nizr. is _ z_ izzz if\\n.:.:._ I A r :i: :.:r_:i zs\\nsurface is covered vitk a sak maisfc \u00c2\u00abad sn-bcack Oailkroccaa\\nm :ir m; r. r- .\u00c2\u00ab^:-r: 7 ir.i :_.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "126 CAPE MAY COUNTY.\\n1691. principally from Long Island, were Christopher Learning\\nand his son Thomas. Cesar Hoskins, Samuel Matthews. Jonathan\\nOsborne, Nathaniel Short, Cornelius Skellinks, (now Schellinger,)\\nHenry Stites. Thomas Hand and his sons John and George, John\\nand Caleb Carman, John Shaw, Thomas Miller, William Siillwell,\\nHumphrey Hewes. William Mason, and John Richardson. Very\\nsoon, quite a business was done here as a town called Cope May\\nTown sprang up at Bay shore, for the accommodation of whalers,\\nwhich was probably the first town built in the county. From the\\nJournal of Aaron Learning, Esq., who was born in 1715, we extract\\nthe following In 1691, Cape May was a new country, and, begin-\\nning to settle very fast, seemed to hold out good advantages to the\\nadventurer. I never saw any East India tea till 1735. It was at\\nthe Presbyterian parson s, the followers of Whitefield, that brought\\nit into use at Cape May about 1744-5-6 and now it impoverish-\\ned the country Christopher Learning s remains were\\ninterred at the place called Cape May Town, which was situated\\nabove New England Town creek, and contained about 13 houses\\nbut on the failure of the whale-fishery in Delaware bay, it dwin-\\ndled into common farms, and the graveyard is on the plantation\\nnow owned by Ebenezer Newton. At the first settlement of this\\ncounty, the chief whaling was in Delaware bay and that occa-\\nsioned the town to be built there. But there has not been one\\nhome in that town since my remembrance. In 1734 I saw the\\ngraves. Samuel Eldredge showed them to me. They were then\\nabout 50 rods from the bay, and the sand was blown up to them.\\nThe town was between them and the water. There were then\\nsome signs of the ruins of the houses.\\nBelow is a copy of the inventory of John Story, who died in this\\ntownship in 1687. It is an interesting relic, showing the prices of\\nvarious articles at that time. The original spelling is preserved\\nA chest, and small things,\\nA gon,\\n2 bras cities an on frying-pan,\\n2 axes an on shobel,\\nOn sadell,\\nOn blanket,\\nOn hous an improvments,\\nOn stier, 4 yer ould,\\n2 stiers goin to yer ould,\\nOn bull,\\nOn heifer whit calfe,\\ns. d\\n16\\n10\\n10\\n5 6\\n10\\n2 6\\n5\\n4\\n2\\n10\\n3\\n10\\n5 JOHN BRIGGS,\\nerased by us, j AL EXAXDER HUMPHRIES.\\nThe village of Cape Island is a favorite watering-place in the\\nsouthern part of this township, 13 m. S. of the courthouse. It be-\\ngan to grow into notice as a watering-place in 1812, at which time\\nthere were but a few houses there. It now contains 2 large hotels,\\n3 stories high and 150 feet long, and a third lately erected, 4 sto-\\nries high and 100 feet in length besides numerous other houses", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "CAPE MAY COUNTY.\\n127\\nCape May Island.\\nfor the entertainment of visitors. The whole number of dwellings\\nis about 50. In the summer months the island is thronged with\\nvisitors, principally from Philadelphia, with which there is then a\\ndaily steamboat communication. It is estimated that 3,000 stran-\\ngers annually visit the place. The village is separated by a small\\ncreek from the mainland but its area is fast wearing away by the\\nencroachments of the sea. Watson, the antiquarian, in a MS.\\njournal of atrip to Cape Island in 1835, on this point says Since\\nmy former visit to Cape Island in 1822, the house in which I then\\nstopped, (Capt. Aaron Bennett s.) then nearest the surf, has been\\nactually reached by the invading waters The distance\\nfrom Bennett s house to the sea bank in 1822, was 165 feet and\\nin 1804, as it was then measured and cut upon the house by Com-\\nmodore Decatur, it was 334 feet. It had been as much as 300 ft.\\nfurther off, as remembered by some old men who told me so in\\n1822. A large portion of the inhabitants of the village are Dela-\\nware pilots, a hardy and industrious race. About 2 m. W. of the\\nboarding-houses is the Cape May lighthouse.\\nIn the late war, when the British fleet were blockading Dela-\\nware bay, a boat was sent ashore from the 74-gun-ship Poictiers,\\nwith a flag of truce to Cape Island, with the request to Capt.\\nHughes, commander of a small body of men stationed there, to al-\\nlow them to obtain a supply of water. On his refusal, the boat\\nreturned and shortly after, another was sent ashore, with the\\nthreat that unless allowed peaceably to get water, they would\\nbombard the place. Capt. Hughes, with the advice of his officers,\\ndiscreetly acceded to their demand. He was. however, arrested on a\\ncnarge of treason, for giving supplies to the enemy, and narrowly\\nescaped severe punishment.\\nCold Spring, 10 m. S. of the courthouse, is a thickly-settled agri-\\ncultural neighborhood, containing about 40 houses within the circle\\nof a mile. It derives its name from an excellent spring of cold\\nwater flowing up from the salt marsh, which is much frequented by", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "128 CAPE MAY COUNTY.\\nsojourners at Cape Island. It contains an academy, a Methodist\\nchurch, (the second built in the county,) erected about 30 years\\nsince, and a Presbyterian church, erected in 1823 on the site of\\nan old one. The history of this church is thus given by Johnson,\\nin his history of Salem\\nIt is to be regretted that the records relating to the Presbyterian church in the county\\nof Cape May were lost, and we have to begin their date from the year 1754, when the\\nRev. Daniel Lawrance officiated there, and lived on the parsonage which had been pur-\\nchased of the Rev. John Bradnor, (in 1721.) who was a member of the Presbytery of\\nPhiladelphia, and resided there, preaching for the people in that part of the county. The\\nRev. Samuel Finley, (who some years after became the president of Princeton college,)\\nresided there, and officiated for the Cape May people. He, no doubt, was made instru-\\nmental in producing that extraordinary revival which was had among the Presbyterian\\nand Baptist churches, from the year 1740 to about 174 J.\\nThe parsonage was purchased by the following named constituents\\nHumphrey Hughes, Barnabas Crowell, Nathaniel Rex,\\nGeorge Hand, Jehu Richardson, Yelverson Crowell,\\nJohn Parsons, George Crawford, Josiah Crowell,\\nCol. Jacob Spicer, Benjamin Stites, William Mulford,\\nShamgar Hand, Jeremiah Hand, William Matthews,\\nJoshua Gulicksen, Samuel Eldridge, Samuel Bancroft,\\nSamuel Johnston, Recompence Jonathan Furman, Eleazer Nocault,\\nConstant Hughes, Ezekiel Eldridge, Joshua Crofferd,\\nCornelius Schellenger, Eleazer Newton, Samuel Foster,\\nJehu Hand, Joseph Wilden, John Matthews.\\nNathaniel Hand, Nathaniel Norton,\\nThe present supporters of the Presbyterian church are principally the descendants of\\nthe above-named persons The Rev. James Watt succeeded Mr. Lawrance.\\nAbijah Davis was succeeded by David Edwards, who had removed from Salem county,\\nand became the pastor in 1804 continued until his death in 1813. Mr. Ogden suc-\\nceeded Edwards, and resigned his charge in 1825, and was succeeded by Rev. Alvin H.\\nParker, who was succeeded by the present incumbent, Rev. Moses Williamson.\\nThe following inscriptions are copied from monuments in an old\\ngraveyard, now overgrown with timber, at Cold Spring. They\\ncommemorate a father and a son who occupied prominent stations\\nin society in their day\\nIn memory of Col. Jacob Spicer, who died April 17th, 1741, aged 73 years\\nDeath, thou hast conquered me,\\nI, by thy darts am slain,\\nBut Christ shall conquer thee,\\nAnd I shall rise again.\\nJacob Spicer, Esq., departed this life, Sept. 17th, 1765, in the 49th year of his age\\nIf aught that s good or great could save,\\nSpicer had never seen the grave.\\nHis wife, who lies by his side, has upon her monument\\nJudith Spicer departed this life, Sept. 7th, 1747, in the 33d year of her age.\\nVirtue and piety give way to death,\\nOr else the entombed had ne er resigned her breath.\\nFishing Creek, on the bay shore, 6 miles SW. of the courthouse,\\nis an agricultural vicinage similar to Cold Spring. A survey has\\nbeen made for a breakwater, at Crow s shoal in this township, near\\nthe mouth of Delaware bay. When the wind is NE., a good har-\\nbor is afforded at this place and sometimes as many as 100 ves-", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "CAPE MAY COUNTY.\\n129\\nsels are anchored off here. On a sudden change to the NW.\\nvessels are frequently driven ashore. The breakwater will be an\\neffectual protection against winds from this direction.\\nMIDDLE.\\nMiddle Township was incorporated in 1798. It is 12 miles long\\nand 10 broad and is bounded N. by Dennis, E. by the ocean, S.\\nby Lower Township, and W. by Delaware bay. About half the\\ntownship is salt marsh or sea-beach; the remaining portion is\\nmostly sandy loam. The township contains 12 stores, 2 grist-m.,\\n2 saw-m. 5 schools, 328 scholars. Pop. 1,624. Goshen, 5 miles\\nNW. of the courthouse, has a handsome Methodist church and\\nabout 20 dwellings. The village of Cape May Courthouse is in\\nthe central part of the township, 110 miles from Trenton, and 36\\nSE. of Bridgeton, and contains a courthouse, a jail, and the county\\noffices, (shown in the accompanying view,) a Methodist and a Bap-\\nView in the Village of Cape May Courthouse.\\ntist church, and 30 or 40 dwellings in the vicinity. The Methodist\\nchurch at this place is of recent origin, but the Baptist is very\\nancient.\\nThe Baptist church at Cape May took its origin from a vessel which put in there\\nfrom England, in the year 1675: Two persons, to wit, George Taylor and Philip Hill,\\nthough not ministers, officiated as such in private families, until the Rev. Elias Keach\\nordained one Ashton to be a deacon. After him, the Rev. Nathaniel Jenkins took the\\noversight, and a church was constituted by Rev. Timothy Brooks, of Cohansey, in\\n1712. The elders were Dickison Sheppard and Jeremiah Bacon. The names of the\\nmale constituents were, Rev. Nathaniel Jenkins, Arthur Cressee, Seth Brooks, Abraham\\nSmith, William Seagreaves, Jonathan Swain, John Stillwell, Henry Stites, Benjamin\\nHand, Richard Bowns, Ebenezer Swain, William Smith, John Taylor, Abraham Hand,\\nChristopher Church, Charles Robinson, and their wives. In 1714, the settlement had\\nwell-nigh been depopulated by a grievous sickness, which swept off a vast number of\\ntheir people. Jenkins had by his wife, whose name was Esther Jones, nine children, viz\\nHannah, Phebe, Nathaniel, (his successor,) Tabitha, David, Jonathan, Esther, Abinadab,\\nand Jonadab these married into the families of the Shaws, Serleys, Downeys, Harrises,\\nPooles, Lakes, and Taylors. Nathaniel Jenkins succeeded his father in the ministry,\\nand died in 1769, and was succeeded by Rev. Samuel Heaton, and he by the Rev. John\\nSutton, and he by Rev. Peter Peterson Vanhorn, and he by Rev. David Smith, and he\\n17", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "130 CAFE MAY coumnr.\\nbv Rev. Arris Seaarreave, who took the oversight of the charch in 1755. and resigned in\\n1788 :~.t -i. In 17^9. John StanclitF came and remained until\\ntie in 180S a came Jonathan Germain, wno died in en Jen-\\nkins David, and continued until 1823; then Mr. Robinson, till 1 31 Samuel Smith,\\n184 Tne preser.: .:.k Baptist church wa;\\n1719.\\nThe following, relating to land titles. c. in this count} \\\\vas\\ncommunicated by Dr. Maurice Beesley. of Dennisville, to whose\\nindustrious researches the compilers are indebted for most of the\\nmaterials introduced respecting the county.\\nIn 1688, the 95,000 acre tract was granted to Dr. Daniel Coxe,\\nof London, one of the West Jersey proprietors. The line com-\\nmences at the hammocks below Goshen creek, on the bay shore,\\nand in its passage across the county comes between Joseph Falken-\\nburge s and John MPCrea s, and thence on a direct line 1VE. by X.\\nover the head of Dennis creek to Tuckahoe river, including in the\\nall the lands SE. of this line. In 1691, Dr. Coxe conveyed\\nthis tract and all his other lands in the state, to the West Jersey\\nSociety, from whom the land titles of the county have mostly ema-\\nnated. This line, called the Society s line. was first run in 1691.\\nBetween 1740 and 1750. the cedar swamps of the count}-, then\\nvery extensive, were mostly located previously they were not\\nconsidered of sufficient value to survey. In 1756. Jacob Spicer\\nthe second, bought the interest of the West Jersey Society in all\\nthe lands of the county, constituting what is called the vacant\\nnow owned by Jacob Learning. John Moore White. Es\\nand heirs of Spicer Learning. Aaron Learning and Jacob Spicer\\nwere competitors in this purchase of the right of the society but\\nthe latter overreached the former. Although these personages,\\nperhaps two of the most popular men of that time, were opposed\\nto each other at home in consequence of their land speculations,\\nyet when at Trenton, as representatives of their count} where\\nthey served for about 30 years, they united their energies, and were\\nfaithful and efficient public servants. The fact that the legislature\\nintrusted them to make a collection of state papers, termed u Learn-\\ning m N i ectums, which must have been an arduous\\ny. is proof of the high estimation in which they stood.\\nThe first-named of these gentlemen was buried in the old Learn-\\ning burying- ground, two miles above the courthouse. The follow-\\ning is the inscription on his monument\\nIn memory Aaron LeamL^.r- Esq., who represented this county in assen.\\nyears. Died Aug. _-\u00e2\u0080\u00a2.. 1780, age of 65 years, 1 mo., 11\\nBeneath this stone, here lies a name\\nTnat once had titles, honor, wealth, and fame\\nHow loved, how honored, now avails the*\\nTo whom related, or by whom be\\nAh-: alone remains of thee,\\nT.i :aou art, and all the proud shall be.\\nEXTRACTS FROM THE COUNTY RECORDS\\nThe first meetir.^ maty was held at the house of Benjamin\\nGodfrey, in the year 1 C", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "CAPE MAY COUXTY. 131\\nIn the second suit on record, Georgre Taylor accuseth John Jarvis for helping the In.\\ndians to rum. William Johnson deposeth, and saith, that he came into the house of the\\nsaid Jarvis, and he found Indians drinking rum, and one of the said Indians gave of the\\nsaid rum to the said Johnson, and he drank of it with him the said Jarvis refusing to\\nclear himself, was convicted.\\n1693. The grand jury upon complaint made by Elizabeth Crafford, and we have\\ntaken it into consideration, and we find that no fariner ought to rate ale or other strong\\ndrink to ye inhabitants of Cape May. except they have a lysence for so doing. So the\\ncourt orders that no person shall self liquor without a license, and that .\u00c2\u00a340 be raised by\\ntax to defray expenses, with a proviso that produce should be taken at money price in\\npayment.\\n1698. We the grand jury order that if any person will hang a gate anywhere be-\\ntween Joshua Carmans and old Elizabeth Carmans, and clear the old road to the gate,\\nand from the gate to the mill, they may do it, and that shall be the road and if that\\nwont do, let them hang a gate in the old road. Same court presents John Coston for\\nbeing drunk, and Henry Stites for breach of Sabbath in driving cattle and slaughtering\\na steer. Joseph Ludlam admonished in court, that for time to come he be careful in\\ntaking an oath, and to mind to what it doth relate\\nThe following is a specimen of the manner of tying the matri-\\nmonial knot in olden time\\nThese mav certifv that on the loth day of February, 1693, then and there came be-\\nfore me, Henrv Stites and Hannah Garlick, and did each take the other to be man and\\nwife, accordinj to the law of this province, being lawfully published according to order,\\nas witness their hands the day and year abovesaid.\\nHenrv Stites,\\nSamuel Crowell, Justice. Hannah Garlick.\\nWitnesses John Carman, Jonathan Pine, John Shaw, Jonathan Osborne, Caleb\\nCarman, Shamgar Hand, Ruth Dayton, William Harwood, Jacob Spicer, Ezekiel El-\\ndredge, Timothy Brandith.\\n1705. The grand jury agree to have a prison built 13 feet by 9. and 7\\nfeet high in the first story, upon the Queen s highway, eastwardly of Gravel-\\nly run. Stocks and whipping-posts were ordered at the same time.\\nA license was granted this year, from Gov. Cornbury to Capt. Jacob\\nSpicer, of the sloop Adventure, owned by John and Richard Townsend\\nburden 16 tons. She traded from Cape May to Philadelphia and Burling-\\nton, and no doubt was considered a vessel of some magnitude in those days.\\n1706. This year Shamgar Hand and Wm. Golden, commissioners for the\\npurpose, laid out the road from Egg Harbor to Cold Spring, and thence to\\nTown Bank, as follows, viz Beginning at a bush near the water s edge on\\nGreat Egg Harbor river, and from said bush along Wm. Golden s fence to\\nthe gate-post from thence along the fence to the corner thereof; thence by\\na line of marked trees to the first run thence to the head of John Coston s\\nbranch thence to the head of dry swamp thence to the head of Joseph\\nLudlam s branch; thence around the head of John Townsend s branch, to\\nthe going over the branch between Abraham Hand s and Thomas Leon-\\nard s thence to the bridge over -Leonard s branch thence to the bridge over\\nthe branch towards the head of Wm. Johnson s land, so on to the bridge over\\nthe fork branch thence to the bridge over John Cressee s creek thence to\\nthe bridge over crooked creek, so by a line of marked trees to the bridge\\nover Gravelly run thence to the bridge over Cressee s creek thence to the\\nold going over at John Shaws: thence to the old going over at Wm. Shaw s\\nbranch thence to the head of John Taylor s branch thence to the tvrn-\\ning-out of Cold Spring path, so on by a line of marked trees, partly along\\nthe old road down to the bay side, between George Crawford s and the\\nhollow.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "132 CAPE MAY COUNTY.\\nFifteen shillings a head bid by the court for wolves and panthers, and half\\nprice for young ones.\\n1707. John Townsend and Shamgar Hand, commissioners, laid out the\\nroad from the head of John Townsend s creek to the cedar swamp so through\\nthe same to a place called Ludley s bridge, and towards Maurice river as\\nfar as the county goeth. Thus, after 14 years hard talking, for it appears\\nnothing else had been done until now, the road through the cedar swamp,\\nlying between the head-waters of Cedar Swamp creek and Dennis creek,\\n(then called Cedar creek, Sluice creek being named Dennis,) was laid out,\\nand according to records of the first Thomas Learning, completed this year.\\nIt is a question by what route the inhabitants had communication with the\\nother parts of the colony, as they appear to have been completely isolated\\nuntil this road was made.\\n1716. The old county road from Long bridge to the head of Tuckahoe,\\nand from thence to Gloucester Point, was mada this year.\\n1740. This year Jacob Ludlam, jr., took license, and opened a house of\\nentertainment on the sea-shore. In 1750, Nicholas Stillwell at Egg Har-\\nbor. Both of these were in Upper Township. In 1752, Jacob Spicer at\\nCold Spring. In 1761, Aaron Learning on the sea-shore, two miles above the\\ncourthouse. In 1763, Christopher Learning where Humphrey Learning\\nand Nathaniel Foster now live. In 1764, Daniel Hand at the courthouse.\\nIn 1768, Memucan Hughes and James Whillden at and near Cape Island.\\nIn 1790 a law was passed to build a bridge over the N. and S branches of\\nDennis creek, and to lay out a public road from Thomas Learning s ship-\\nyard, on the S. branch, to the road leading from the Long bridge to John-\\nson s mill. Daniel Townsend, Christopher Smith, Henry Ludlam, and\\nJacoks Swain, were the surveyors.\\nUPPER.\\nThis township was incorporated in 1798. It is 10 miles long,\\nwith, an average width, of 7 and is bounded N. by Great Egg\\nHarbor bay and Tuckahoe river, separating it from Atlantic co., E.\\nby the ocean, S. by Dennis, and W. by Maurice river, Cumberland\\nco. Pop. 1,217. Its surface is level soil sand and loam, and well\\ntimbered with cedar, oak, and pine. It contains 4 stores, 1 grist-\\nm., 4 saw-m. 5 schools, 219 scholars.\\nThe village of Tuckahoe is situated on both sides of Tuckahoe\\nriver, on the county line, 18 miles from the courthouse, 11 from the\\nsea, 28 from Bridgeton, and 1 3 from May s Landing. It contains 3\\ntaverns, several stores, about 60 dwellings, and a Methodist church.\\nThere are besides, in the township, 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist\\nchurch, and a Friends meeting-house. Wood, lumber, and ship-\\nbuilding, constitute the business of the village. As early as 1692 a\\nferry was established at Beesley s Point, over Great Egg Harbor\\nriver a proof there must have been inhabitants upon both sides of\\nthe river at that early period. The rates were Is. for passengers,\\n2d. a bushel for grain, 4d. each for sheep or hogs, and Is. for cattle\\nper head. The toll-bridge over Cedar Swamp creek was not built\\nuntil 1702. Joseph Corson, James Willets, Isaac Banner, and John", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "CAPE MAY COUNTY.\\n133\\nMackey, were petitioners for it. Wagons were charged Go?., pas-\\nsengers Id. John Townsend, ancestor of all in the county of that\\nname, and of many in Philadelphia and elsewhere, emigrated with\\nthree brothers to Long Island previous to 1G80. They were mem-\\nbers of the Society of Friends. One settled in New England, one\\nin New York, John and the other came to Leeds Point, near Little\\nEgg Harbor. About or previous to 1690, John (the other brother\\nhaving gone to Pennsylvania) travelled to Somers Point, crossed\\nthe Egg Harbor river, and followed the seaboard down about ten\\nmiles, until he came to a stream of water that he thought would\\ndo for a mill. He returned to Egg Harbor, bought a yoke of oxen,\\ngot them across the river, took the yoke on his back, as there was\\nnot room for the timber to drive his oxen abreast, and drove them\\nbefore him down an Indian path to the place of his future residence.\\nHis wife s name was Phebe. They cleared land, built a cabin and\\na mill on the site of Thomas Vangilders. He died in 1722, and left\\nthree sons, Richard, Robert, and Sylvanus. John and Peter Corson\\nwere the first of the name that came to the county, and were here\\nas early as 1692. The second generation was Peter, jr., John, jr.,\\nChristian, and Jacob. This family became numerous. There were\\n52 families, in 1840, of that name in this township.\\nAll the Townsends in the county descended from the John Townsend above mentioned\\nAll the Corsons\\nfrom\\nPeter and John Corson\\nLearnings\\nLudlams\\nSchellingers\\ncc\\nChristopher Learning\\nJoseph Ludlam\\nCornelius Skellinks\\nHughes\\nWhilldens\\nit\\nHumphrey Hughes\\nJoseph Whillden\\nHewitts\\na\\nRandal Hewitt\\nStites\\nu\\nHenry Stites\\nCresses\\nArthur Cresse\\nWillets\\nJohn Willets\\nGoffs\\nM\\nJohn Goff\\nYoungs\\nEldredges\\nGodfreys\\nMatthews\\nu\\nHenry Young\\nEzekiel Eldredge\\nBenjamin Godfrey r\\nSamuel Matthews.\\nHenry Young was a man of some note in the county about a cen-\\ntury ago. He was impressed in England, his native country, when\\nvery young, on board of a man-of-war, from which he made his es-\\ncape to a vessel bound to Philadelphia. Here, to elude pursuit, he\\nwas secreted in a hogshead, in the hold of the vessel and as soon\\nas they put to sea he was relieved but not until nearly exhausted\\nfor want of fresh air. He was justice of the peace from 1722 till\\nhis death in 1767, and member of the legislature for 8 sessions.\\nThere was an Indian killed on Foxborough Hill, at Beesley s\\nPoint, in 1736, by old Joseph Golden, who got into a quarrel and\\nprobably unintentionally killed his opponent. It is said the Indians\\nwere so enraged against Golden, that he was for a long time\\nobliged to secrete himself to avoid their vengeance. A suit was\\ninstituted against him in this county, which was removed to Bur-\\nlington, where he was tried and acquitted but its great cost", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "134 CAPE MAY COUNTY.\\nobliged him to dispose of that part of his place NW. of the main\\nroad to the Point, to Nicholas Stillwell.\\nIn the American revolution the inhabitants of Cape May, to pro*-\\ntect themselves from the incursions of the British and refugees,\\narmed and manned a number of boats and privateers. They\\nmanifested great bravery and address, and were successful in\\ntaking prizes. They had the most to fear from the refugees as\\ntheir names were synonymous with burglary, arson, treachery, and\\nmurder. Only two, as far as is known, were from this county.\\nThey were finally taken prisoners. The following, chiefly extracts\\nfrom the New Jersey State Gazette, relate to incidents of the war,\\nprincipally off this coast\\nJune 23d, 1779. An open boat, called The Skunk, mounting 2 guns, and 12\\nmen belonging to Egg Harbor, sent in there, on Wednesday last, a vessel with a valua-\\nble cargo which makes her nineteenth prize since she was fitted out.\\nUpon one occasion this boat had quite an adventure, when commanded byCapt. Snell\\nand John Goldin. They thought they had discovered a fine prize, off Egg Harbor, in a\\nlarge ship wearing the appearance of a Merchantman. The boat approached cautiously,\\nand, after getting quite near, the little Skunk was put in a retreating position, stern to the\\nenemy, and then gave him a gun. A momentary pause ensued. All at once, the mer-\\nchantman was transformed into a British 74, and in another moment she gave the Skunk\\nsuch a broadside that, as Goldin expressed it, the water flew around them like ten thou-\\nsand whale-spouts. She was cut some in her sails and rigging, but by hard rowing\\nmade good her escape, with Goldin to give the word, Lay low, boys lay low for your\\nlives\\nJune 2d, 1779. The brigantine Delight, Capt. Dawson, on the 20th ultimo, from\\nTortula to New York, mounting 12 guns, with 29 hands, came ashore on Peck s beach,\\nin a fog, at Cape May. Her cargo consisted of 80 hhds. of rum, some sugar, c.\\nSoon after she came ashore, our militia took possession of both vessel and cargo, and\\nsent off the crew under guard to Philadelphia.\\nA few years since, the tide being very low, one of the cannon thrown overboard in the\\nattempt of the British to get her off, was found by Mr. Uriah Smith, and placed at the\\ncorner of his yard for a fender. There were 3 balls in it.\\nOct. 6, 1779. On Friday last, Capt. Taylor, of Cape May, sent into Little Egg\\nHarbor a transport from New York to Halifax, with a quantity of drygoods, and 214\\nHessians, including a colonel, who are properly taken care of.\\nAug. 7, 1782. John Badcock took the Hawk, when commanding the Rainbow:\\nher cargo consisted of spirits, tar, flour, coal, and iron, which was sold at James Wil-\\nlet s, (who kept tavern where Capt. John S. Chattin now does,) for the benefit of those\\nconcerned.\\nCapt. Hand, of the Enterprise, and Capt. Willets, of another boat, on the 5th of May,\\n1782, chased ashore, near Egg Harbor, the refugee boat Old Ranger, mounting 7 swiv-\\nels and 1 three-pounder, commanded by one Fryan, with 25 men, bound to the capes of\\nthe Delaware, and up the same as far as Christiana, with orders to take prisoners whom\\nthey pleased. They afterward fell in with a schooner laden with corn, and another\\nwith lumber, which they took.\\nJan. 3, 1782. William Treen and Joseph Edwards, commanders of the whale-boat\\nUnity, captured the Betsey, which lately sailed from Jones s creek, Delaware, loaded\\nwith wheat, Indian corn, and flour, which was taken in the Delaware by a British\\ncruiser, and retaken by said Treen and Edwards.\\nFeb. 7, 1781. The brig Fame, Capt. William Treen, of Egg Harbor, about 10\\ndays ago took the privateer schooner Cock, Capt. Brooks, bound from New York to\\nChesapeake bay, and sent her into a port in New Jersey. On the night of the 22d of\\nthe same month, the brig Fame, while at the anchoring-point near Egg Harbor inlet, in\\na heavy gale from the N W. with some snow squalls, on the flood tide, was tripped and\\nupset by which sad mishap some 20 lives were lost.\\nCapt. Treen, Wm. Lacke, and three others, were on shore.\\nThomas Adams, Eleazer Crawford, Jacob Corson, and Steelman,", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "CAPE MAY COUNTY. 135\\nsucceeded in landing on the point of the beach. The cold was in-\\ntense. Steelman, who was most active in cheering his companions\\nand freeing the boat, perished when near land. Four only of the\\ncrew left on board were rescued in the morning, the rest having\\nperished by the cold these kept alive only by constant and unre-\\nmitting exertion that being the only method of shaking off. the\\nsleep of death.\\nCapt. Wra. Treen (above mentioned) was bold and fearless, and\\nvery successful in taking prizes. He was, however, run down on\\none occasion by two frigates, for not immediately answering their\\nsummons to surrender. Both frigates passed quite over his vessel.\\nTreen and a boy, only, caught to the rigging of one of the frigates,\\nand were saved. Others made the attempt, but had their fingers\\nand arms cut off by cutlasses. Treen implored for the lives of his\\ncrew among whom was a brother of Jesse Somers, now (1842)\\nliving at Somers Point. This being refused, he boldly upbraided\\nthem for their cruelty. They could not but admire his heroic bear-\\ning, and, while with them, he was well treated but on their arri-\\nval in New York he was placed in that den of horrors, the New\\nJersey prison-ship, and was one of the few that escaped with life.\\nIn 180G he went to the west. Nathaniel Holmes, who lived at the\\ncourthouse, (a highly respectable man, who died about 9 years\\nsince,) was, at one time, also confined on board this prison-ship.\\nIn the latter part of December, 1815, the brig Perseverance,\\nCapt. Snow, bound from Havre to New York, with ten passengers,\\nand a crew of seven men, was wrecked on Peck s beach, opposite\\nthe residence of Thomas Beesley, in this township.*\\nOn Friday, the day before she was cast away, a ship from New York was spoken,\\nwhich deceived them, by stating they were 200 miles east of Sandy Hook. It was with\\ngreat gratification that the passengers received this joyous news and, elated with the\\nhope of soon resting on terra firma, gave themselves up to hilarity and merriment\\nwhilst the captain, under the same impulse, spread all sail to a heavy northeaster, with\\nhigh expectations of a safe arrival on the morrow. Delusive hope To-morrow too many\\nof them were destined never to see.\\nThus she continued on her course until three o clock, Saturday morning when the\\nmate, whose watch it was on deck, was heard to give the dreadful cry, Breakers ahead\\nThe brig, by the instant efforts of her steersman, obeyed her helm but as she came\\naround, ahead off shore, her stern striking knocked off her false keel, deadened her head-\\nway, and she backed on the beach stern foremost. In less than fifteen minutes, the sea\\nmade a clean breach over her. The scene, in the mean time, beggars description the\\npassengers rushed out of the cabin, some of them in their night-clothes six of whom,\\nand two of the crew, got in the long-boat. One of these was a young French lady, of\\nThe gentleman from whom the account of this shipwreck is derived says The Per-\\nseverance had a verv valuable cargo on board, of rich goods, china, glass, silks, c,\\nwhich were strewn for miles along the beach. The people of Cape May were charged,\\nupon this as upon some other occasions, of having converted some small portion of the\\ngoods, thus washed upon our shores, to their own use. I would ask, is there a spot up-\\non the Atlantic coast, from Maine to Florida, where there would not be as much danger\\nof depredation as at Cape May I will go further what would be the fate of a ship of\\nmerchandise, scattered in the streets of our principal cities, without a guard, for twenty-\\nfour hours I do not intend to defend the person that will take that which does not\\nbelong to him far from it but I do contend that the innocent should not suffer for\\nthe guilty, and that there is as much honesty and integrity among the people of Cape?\\nMay as in any other community, on the seaboard or elsewhere.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "136 CUMBERLAND COUNTY.\\ngreat beauty. The remainder of the crew and passengers succeeded in reaching tho\\nround-top, excepting a Mr. Cologne, whose great weight and corpulency of person com\\npelled him to remain in the shrouds. Soon the sea carried the long-boat and its passen-\\ngers clear of the wreck, when it was too late discovered she was firmly attached to it by\\na hawser, which it was impossible to separate. Had it not been for this unfortunate cir-\\ncumstance, they might possibly have reached the shore. Their cries were heart-rending,\\nbut were soon silenced in the sleep of death the boat swamped, and they were all con-\\nsigned to one common grave. The body of the lady floated on shore.\\nThe sea ran so high that it wet those in the round-top and although many efforts\\nwere made, on Saturday, to rescue them, it was found impossible, as the boats would up-\\nset by turning head over stern, subjecting those in them to great danger. Capt. Snow\\nlost his life, in attempting to swim ashore. On Sunday the sea fell a little, and those on\\nthe wreck were made to understand they would have to build a raft of the spars, and\\nget on it, or they could not be saved. The mate had fortunately secured a hatchet, with\\nwhich one was constructed by which the survivors, (except a negro who was washed\\noverboard, and reached the shore in safety, whilst making the raft,) were rescued by\\nthe boats. There were but four saved, out of the seventeen souls on board, viz one\\npassenger, who was badly frozen, the mate, and two of the crew, including the negro.\\nThree perished in the round-top, and were thrown over.\\nMr. Cologne, who was in the rigging, and unable to descend from the shrouds, let\\ngo and fell into the water, and was caught, as he came up, by his hair, and thus towed\\nashore. He lived only three days after, although every possible attention was paid him.\\nHe and his niece, the young French lady, were buried side by side, in the Golden bury-\\ning-ground, at Bcesley s Point. An eye-witness, Dr. Maurice Beesley, from whom the\\nabove account is derived, says I saw this young and beautiful female after she had\\nbeen transferred from the beach to the main. Her features were perfectly natural her\\ncheeks bore the crimson tinge of life and it was scarcely possible to realize that, in-\\nstead of a concentration of all the graces of the female form, animated by the fervor of\\nlife, I was gazing upon a cold and lifeless corpse.\\nCUMBERLAND COUNTY.\\nCumberland county is bounded SSW. by Delaware bay, NW. by\\nSalem co., NE. by Gloucester and Atlantic co., and SE. by Cape\\nMay co. It is about 30 m. long, E. and W., and its extreme breadth,\\nN. and S., is 28 miles. It was included in Fen wick s tenth, and was\\npart of his colony. It formed a portion of Salem county until 1 747,\\nwhen it was erected into a separate county, and named by Gov.\\nBelcher in honor of the Duke of Cumberland. The county was,\\nat its formation, divided into six townships, viz., Greenwich, Hope-\\nwell, Stow Creek, Fairfield, Deerfield, and Maurice River, to\\nwhich Millville and Downe have since been added. Along on its\\nSW. boundary, on the Delaware bay, is a tract of marshy land,\\nvarying from one to six miles in breadth. This marsh extends up\\nthe principal streams, Maurice river and Cohansey creek, for seve-\\nral miles. The surface of the county is level its soil of alluvial\\nformation, and generally a sandy loam, with some clay. A large\\nportion of the NE. part is covered with a pine forest. Cumber-\\nland county is divided into eight townships, viz\\nDeerfield, Fairfield, Hopewell, Millville,\\nDowne, Greenwich, Maurice River, Stow Creek.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "CUMBERLAND COUNTY.\\n137\\nIn 1810, the population was 12,670 in 1820, it was 12,688 in\\n1830, it was 14,093 in 1840, it was 14,363.\\nDEERFIELD.\\nThis township is bounded NE. by Pittsgrove, Salem co., NW.\\nby U. Alloways creek, Salem co., S. by Fairfield, and W. by\\nHopewell, from which it is separated by Cohansey creek. Its ex-\\ntreme length N. and S. is 11, with an average breadth of 6 miles.\\nIt contains 1 flouring-m., 2 grist-m., 2 saw-m. cap. in manufac.\\n$97,975 3 acad. 396 students,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1 1 schools, 836 scholars. Pop.\\n2,621. The villages are Bridgeton, Deerfield, and Centreville.\\nDeerfield is 7 m. N. of Bridgeton, and contains a large and flour-\\ning Presbyterian church, and 30 or 40 dwellings. Centreville is\\non the line of Gloucester co., and contains a Methodist church and\\nabout 25 dwellings. Carllsburg is a hamlet in the central part of\\nthe township.\\nSouthern View in Bridgeton.\\nBridgeton, the county seat, is pleasantly situated on both sides of\\nthe Cohansey creek, and therefore in the townships of Deerfield\\nand Hopewell. It is 60 m. from Trenton, 17 from Salem, and 8\\nfrom Delaware bay. There are in the village 4 churches, (viz. 2\\nPresbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist,) a newspaper printing-\\noffice, the Cumberland Bank, a public library, 2 mutual aid asso-\\nciations, 2 fire engines, 2 academies, 1 woollen factory, 2 grist-m.,\\nan extensive rolling-m., foundry, and nail factory, 1 saw and 1 pa-\\nper-m., several mechanic shops, 10 stores, and a population of about\\n2,500. A large business is done here, and about 30 coasting-ves-\\nsels sail from this port, which is at the head of navigation on the\\nCohansey river. The above view was taken on the eastern bank\\nof the river, about 40 rods below the bridge which connects the two\\nportions of the village. On the left are seen the extensive iron-\\nworks of the Messrs. Reeves Whitaker, which at times employ\\nover 100 hands. On the right is seen a small portion of the village\\non the eastern side of the river.\\n18", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "v.\\nI\\n-in. in an Indian chief nam nzick,\\nThi B\\nmadi\\nuiscy\\ni ii now is;\\nby the name\\ncontinued until the\\nI I\\ni i-. ben tl adjourned to 5ohar then\\nth of thtr\\non the hill ii thi\\ni I\\nall on the lull. I\\n1\\n1 1\\nI\\n1\\n1\\n1\\nH\\n1\\n1\\ni 1\\nLI H.\\ni\\ni\\ni\\nP\\ni all th\\nI\\nI", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "CUM -D COUNTY. 139\\nAbout the year 1740, the Rev. Samuel Blair, then th erf Tennant, then, after\\nhim. Rev. Samuel Finley. and a few others not recollected, dispensed the word of life to\\nthis people and their ministrations were abundantly blessed, and there was a glorious\\ningathering of many precious souk, through their instrumentality of preaching. The\\n-.drew Hunter, hating labored here as a supply, accepted a call from the united\\ncongregations of Greenwich and Deerfield and he was now constituted their first pastor\\n4th Sept. 17-io. In the year 1760, the pastoral connection with Mr. Hunter was\\ns. =i. _-. \u00e2\u0096\u00a0_ :-:-..:..::...-_-. s\\nuntil the Rev S hams came, in 1764, and resided with them for about the space\\nof two years when, on the 9th J\u00c2\u00ab b, 1767, 1 I Enoch Green was installed pastor\\nof the Deerfield congregation, and so continued tmt- -hen he died. In\\nthe following year, 1777, the Rev. John Brainard brother .e celebrated mis-\\nsionary assumed the pastoral charge and died on lfrth March, 1781, greatly lamented\\nongregation. Rev. Joseph Montgomery, and others, officiated as supplies until\\n33, when Rev. Simon Hyde was ordained the pastor, and by a sudden ill-\\n17S3. The congregation were now dependent upon supplies until\\nilled their pastor. He\\noent, and for some time exceedingly popular but his conduct becoming\\nloose, and unbecoming the character of a minister, he was deposed by the pres\\nPhiladelphia. The church was again assisted by supplies for almost eight years, when,\\non the was installed pastor but, through\\nage and other infirmities, be was dismissed, in a the church became\\nt.:- v- r r. R; v X _:.... ~:l.-. :;.?:_..\\npastor. where he continued until he was his own reques:.\\nry of Pbiladelp: Afterward th .hentine\\n-tailed the pastor, June I .nd so continued until, at a meeting of\\nid at Salem 324, at bis rec -ral relation with that congre-\\ngation raen the Rev. Alexan.: ne was ordained and installed,\\n1 ;:eir pastor until he was\\n.son College,\\nThe Rev. John Bun then took the _ .-arch for some months,\\nwhen B aenne was installed the pastor of this church and on 19l\\npastoral relation, at his request. 1838*\\nI benjamin T -iined and installed tr. teo\u00c2\u00a3\\nJeake,\\n:in Stratter S -eoexer\\nLoor.. aeaex Hatt.s. Ephraim Loc:\\nThe inhabitants of Bridgeton and vicinity were firm adherents\\nto the cause of their country, in the war of the revolution. In 1775\\na company of soldiers w sed here, of -which the late Gen. Jo-\\nseph BloomnY us .ptain. and the late Gen. Ebenezer Elmer a\\nlieutenant. This corps marched to the north, and joined the army\\nunder Schuyler, Dr. J or aer, -who lived many years\\nin the place, and died there in IS 17. was a member of the revolu-\\ntionary congress and was one of the first senators under the pres-\\nent constitution of the United States Samaltaneously with the\\nwhigs of Salem, in the autumn of 1774. a committee of safety was\\nappointed for the county, which consisted ol two members from\\neach township, who met occasionally, at Cohansey Bridge, to see\\nthat the association be properly attended to. and energetically and\\npunctually observed, in every particular. Toward the doa\\nLTT9, and spring of 1780, an association of whigs of this and Sa-\\nlem co. built and equipped, at Bridgeton. a fine schooner, as a let-\\nter-of-marque. which, in compliment to the governor of the state,\\nwas called the Gov. Livingston. She made but one successful\\ntrip and when on her second voyage, on her return home, having\\na very valuable cargo on board, was captured, near the capes of", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "140 CUMBERLAND COUNTY.\\nthe Delaware, by a British frigate. No other attempts, of this na-\\nture, were made here afterward.\\nThe following notice respecting Gen. Elmer, of this town, is from\\nthe Bridgeton Chronicle, Oct. 21st, 1843:\\nIt is with deep sorrow that we record the death of our oldest and most estimable citi.\\nzen, Gen. Ebenezer Elmer, President of the New Jersey Cincinnati Society, and the\\nlast surviving officer of the New Jersey line of the revolutionary army who died on\\nWednesday last, Oct. 18th, aged ninety-one years.\\nGen. Elmer was born at Cedarville, Cumberland co., N. J., and was the grandson of\\nthe Rev. Daniel Elmer, who came from Connecticut to Fairfield, in the year 1727. He\\nstudied medicine with his elder brother, the late Dr. Jonathan Elmer, and was about es-\\ntablishing himself in practice when hostilities commenced between America and Great\\nBritain. In Jan. 1776, he was commissioned an ensign in the company of continental\\ntroops commanded by the late Gov. Bloomfield and served in that capacity, and as a\\nlieutenant in the northern army, until the spring of 1777, when, the army being reorgan-\\nized, he was appointed a surgeon s mate. In June, 1778, he was appointed surgeon of\\nthe second Jersey regiment, and served in that capacity until the close of the war never\\nbeing absent from duty. After the war he married and settled in Bridgeton, as a phy-\\nsician. In 1789 he was elected a member of assembly, and in several succeeding years\\nin 1791 and in 1795 he was speaker. In 1800 he was elected a member of congress, and\\nsat in that body six years, during the administration of Jefferson, of which he was a sup-\\nporter. He was adjutant-general of the militia of New Jersey, and for many years brig-\\nadier-general of the Cumberland brigade. During the last war with England, in 1813,\\nhe commanded the troops stationed at Billingsport, in this state. In the year 1807, and\\nafterward in 1815, he was a member of the council of this state, and vice-president. In\\n1808, he was appointed collector of the port of Bridgeton, which office he resigned in\\n1817 was reappointed in 1822, and continued in that office until 1832, when he again\\nresigned and having arrived at the age of fourscore, wholly declined public business.\\nIn his early years he was deeply impressed with a concern for his immortal interests,\\nand has been for many years a member of the Presbyterian church. His great charac-\\nteristic, through a long and useful life, was stern integrity. His generosity and benevo-\\nlence are known wherever he was known, and his praise is in all the churches.\\nGen. Elmer was buried on Friday. The funeral proceeded from his late residence to\\nthe church in Broad-st., where the Rev. Ethan Osborne, one of his revolutionary com-\\npatriots, preached an appropriate sermon, from Matt. xxv. 21 and then the body was\\ninterred in the Presbyterian burying-ground.\\nIt is stated, in a late number of the paper from which the above\\nbiographical sketch is taken, that Mrs. Sarah Smith, who recently\\ndied at Bridgeton, was a lineal descendant of the royal family of\\nSweden.\\nHer great-grandmother Elizabeth, in the troublous times of that kingdom, was com-\\npelled to flee from her native country, when she was sixteen years old. She was con-\\ncealed in a hogshead, on board of a ship, at Stockholm, for some time before the vessel\\nsailed for America. She brought many valuable treasures with her across the water,\\nwhich were also concealed on board the ship but after the vessel had sailed over the\\nAtlantic, she was wrecked on the Jersey shore. This lady, with a few of the crew,\\nbarely saved their lives. In her destitute condition, on the shore of a vast wilderness, as\\nNew Jersey then was, she fell in with a hunter, by the name of Garrison. Their ac-\\nquaintance grew into intimacy, and ripened into love. She married him, and by him had\\nten children. It is said that her youngest son, William, was born when she was in her\\nfifty-fifth year. She died in the ninety-fifth year of her age. She has a grandson now\\nliving, in Bridgeton, who was brought up by her, until he was about nine years of age,\\nto whom she related this narrative, and many of her interesting adventures. This gen-\\ntleman computes his grandmother s descendants in the country at more than 1,000 souls.\\nDOWNE.\\nThis township is about 11 miles long, E. and W., and 9 broad\\nN. and S. It is bounded N. by Millville and Fairfield, S. and SW", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "CUMBERLAND COUNTY. 141\\nby the Delaware bay, E. by Maurice river and township of that\\nname, and NW. by Fairfield. A great portion of the township,\\nthat bordering on Delaware bay and Maurice river, is marshy land.\\nDowne was probably first settled by Swedes, between 1637 and\\n1654. Egg island, in the Delaware bay, belongs to this township.\\nFrom an original draft of a survey, made in 1691, it seems this\\nisland then contained 300 acres but the continual encroachment\\nof the sea has reduced it to one acre and a half. The township\\ncontains 4 stores, 7 grist-m., 4 saw-m. cap. in manufac. $20,850\\n7 schools, 250 scholars. Pop. 1,920.\\nThe village of Mauricetown is on the river, about 1 1 miles from\\nits mouth, and 18 SE. of Bridgeton. It was settled at an early\\ndate, by the Petersons and Mattocks, and was known as Mattock s\\nLanding, until about 1812. It is pleasantly situated, on a high\\nbank, above the river and contains an academy, a Methodist\\nchurch, and about 30 dwellings. The following account of an\\nextraordinary den or burrow of rattlesnakes, found in this village,\\nabout 40 years since, was lately published\\nIn the early part of summer, Mr. Ichabod Compton, father of Mr. S. Compton, was\\nattracted, by the noise of some crows, to a small island, in a swamp, lying contiguous to\\nhis farm. While in pursuit of the crows, he was startled by the sight of a large rattle-\\nsnake. He killed this, and another of the same kind, that afternoon and, returning\\nthe next day, he killed seven more, the last of which he found coming out of a hole in\\nthe ground. This circumstance led to the suspicion that this might be the place where\\nthe whole battalion had their usual winter-quarters. In the winter, young Compton, ac-\\ncompanied by two of his brothers, repaired to the spot, with implements for digging\\nand after removing about eight inches of the turf, or upper surface of the ground, they\\nfound immersed, in three inches of clean water, and lying side by side, twenty-eight rat-\\ntlesnakes, one large spotted snake, and four black-snakes. And, to complete this in-\\nteresting group, there was, at least, a peck of spring-frogs associated with them. All\\nof these reptiles were in a torpid state. For several years, immediately preceding the\\nperiod above alluded to, from ten to twelve rattlesnakes had been destroyed, annually,\\nin the neighborhood.\\nIt is also stated that several dens, of a similar description, had been discovered in\\nthe neighborhood of Buckshutem; in all, or most of which, several kinds of snakes,\\nand also frogs, were found grouped together.\\nDividing Creeks is near the central part of the township, on a\\ncreek of the same name, and 16 miles from Bridgeton. It has a\\nMethodist and a Baptist church, and about 40 dwellings. One of\\nthe present members of the United States senate, from Mississippi,\\nwas bred a shoemaker in this village, and by his enterprise and\\nindustry won the way to his present station. Charles Brown, Esq.,\\nnow a member of congress from Pennsylvania, was also bred here.\\nA Baptist church was very early established at Dividing Creeks.\\nIt was formed about the year 1749, from Cohansey, by Jonadab Sheppard, Thomas\\nSheppard, William Dallas, with their families, and some others. About the year 1760,\\nRev. Samuel Heaton and John Terry removed there, from Cape May. Mr. Heaton s\\nwife s name was Abbey Tuttle. They had ten children. These married into the fami-\\nlies of the Colsons, Reeves, Lores, Garrisons, Clarks, Cooks, Johnsons, Terrys, and\\nKelseys. From these have sprung a numerous people in the county. Heaton was suc-\\nceeded by the Rev. David Sheppard, in 1764; and he by Rev. Peter Peterson Vanhorn,\\nand he by Rev. John Garrison.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "142\\nCUMBERLAND COUNTY.\\nNantuxet, on a creek of the same name on the western line of\\nthe township, has a Methodist and a Baptist church, and about 40\\ndwellings. Buckshutem, where there is a Methodist church, and\\nPort Norris, both on Maurice river, are small villages.\\nThe annexed brief account of an action in Maurice river, oppo-\\nsite Port Norris, is from a paper published Aug. 29th, 1781\\nLast week, 7 refugees were brought to town from New Jersey. They were taken in\\nMaurice river, a few days before, by a few Jersey militia commanded by Capt. James\\nRiggins. Tbe militia were in a shallop which the refugees attempted to board, when a\\nsharp contest ensued, during which 7 of the refugees were, killed, wben the rest submit-\\nted. There were 15 in all and it is said their captain called out that he would give no\\nquarter, which occasioned the action to become desperate.\\nThe following additional particulars of this event, are derived from Mr. Thomas Beese.\\nley, of Cape May, then a boy, and a witness of the action. The brunt of the fight was\\nsustained by Capt. Riggins and John Peterson, several of the militia having at the com-\\nmencement jumped overboard and swam ashore, while others sneaked into the cabin.\\nRiggins killed 4 or 5 of the enemy on their attempting to board. He fired his musket\\ntwice, and then made such good use of the breech, that at the end of the contest there\\nwas little left besides the barrel. Peterson was wounded by one of the refugees, who,\\nthereupon, was about finishing him by cleaving his head open with an uplifted broad-\\nsword, when his little son shot the man dead. Every refugee not killed was wounded,\\nand some desperately. A boy only escaped, and a fox which was brought on board the\\nday previous by one of the slain, who had joined them at the mouth of the river. There\\nwere a number of fowls on board, all of which were killed. The brave Capt. Riggins\\nlived to a good old age, having died only a few years since.\\nFAIRFIELD.\\nThis township was named from Fairfield in Connecticut, from\\nwhich it was partially settled. It is about 1 1 miles long, 6 broad,\\nand bounded northerly by Deerfield, Greenwich, and Hopewell,\\nfrom the two last of which it is separated by the Cohansey river,\\nE. by Millville, and S. by Downe and the Delaware bay. The\\nland in the township produces good crops of corn, wheat, and oth-\\ner grain. There are some excellent tracts of land on the Delaware\\nbay. The. surface is generally level. Many of the present inhab-\\nitants are descendants of the Harrises and Ogdens from Fairfield,\\nConnecticut and the Batemans and Diaments from Long Island.\\nAbout the year 1695, the first road laid out in the county was made\\nfrom Fairfield to Burlington, and passed through an Indian settle-\\nment, a little east of Bridgeton, at a locality at present known as\\nthe Indian Fields The township contains 7 stores, 2 grist-m.,\\n1 saw-m. cap. in manufac. $44,015; 5 schools, 114 scholars.\\nPop. 1,935.\\nCedarville, on Cedar creek, 8 miles SE. of Bridgeton, is a village\\nscattered a mile and a half on the road, and contains 2 Presbyte-\\nrian, a Methodist, and a Baptist church, 2 stores, an oakum factory,\\na tannery, saw-m., c, and about 100 dwellings. Fairton, 4 miles\\nfrom Bridgeton, has a Methodist church, and about 50 dwellings.\\nNew England Town is a small scattered settlement where there is\\na Presbyterian church.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "CUMBERLAND COUNTY. I43\\nThe three Presbyterian churches in this township were until a few years since one.\\nThe original church was constituted by emigrants from Fairfield, in Connecticut, in the\\nyear 1697, who purchased that tract of land lying on the south side of Caesaria river,\\nor Cohansey, and the Delaware bay. It has been generally supposed that their minister\\nmade one of their number, whose name was Rev. M. Bradnor next to him was Rev.\\nMr. Exile. About the year 1705, the Rev. Howel Powel, from Wales, became the pas-\\ntor then, in 1719, Rev. Mr. Hooker then, in 1727, the Rev. Daniel Elmer, from Con-\\nnecticut, became the settled minister until 1755 then, in 1756, the Rev. William Ram-\\nsey became the pastor, until 1771, when he died. In 1773, the Rev. William Hollings-\\nhead became the pastor, and so continued until 1783, when he removed to Charleston,\\nSouth Carolina. Johnson s Hist, of Salem. In 1789, the Rev. Ethan Osborne, from\\nLitchfield, Connecticut, was settled over this congregation. In 1839, he preached his\\nhalf-century sermon. He still continues pastor over the original congregation, now\\nmuch diminished by the division.\\nGREENWICH.\\nThe extreme length of this township is 6, with an average\\nbreadth of about 3i miles, and is bounded N. by Stow creek, E\u00e2\u0080\u009e\\nby Hopewell and Cohansey creek, which separates it from Fair-\\nfield, S. by Delaware bay, and W. by L. Alloways Creek, Salem\\nco. The township contains 3 stores, 1 grist-m. cap. in manufac.\\n$15,362; 3 schools, 105 scholars. Pop. 918. The land was pur-\\nchased from the Indians about the year 1677, who, judging from\\nthe excavations in the earth, still to be seen, and the quantities of\\nstone mortars, axes, and Indian arrow-heads found, must have here\\nhad a considerable settlement. This is corroborated by tradition.\\nThe first purchasers of the soil were Nicholas and Leonard Gibbon,\\nfrom England, and the first settlers from New England and Ireland.\\nIn the graveyard is, or lately was, a stone with this inscription\\nHere lies Deborah Swinney, who died April 4, 1760, aged 77\\nyears. She was the first white female child born at Cohansey.\\nMaking the subtraction, it appears she was born in 1683.\\nShortly after the first settlement, the town of Greenwich, which\\nis 6 miles SW. of Bridgeton, was laid out. The main street was\\nthen made about 2 miles in length, and 100 feet in width, and an\\nEpiscopal, a Presbyterian, and a Friends meeting-house erected.\\nThe village, which is much scattered on this road, now contains\\nabout 100 dwellings. In 1697, fairs were established at Cohansey,\\nas this country was then called, and held semi-annually in April\\nand October which for many years were much resorted to by\\ntraders from Philadelphia. After the formation of Cumberland co.,\\nthe court was first held at Cohansey, May, 1748, and a log jail\\nerected. Attorneys names appearing, were Daniel Mestayer,\\nRose, and Hartshorne the court sat in the meeting-house. Judges,\\nJohn Brick, Richard Wood, John Remington. Sheriff, Ananias\\nSayre. Clerk, Elias Cotting. In December sessions of this year,\\nthe court adjourned, and ordered the clerk to make the writs re-\\nturnable to Cohansey Bridge, now Bridgeton, where the courts\\nsince have been held.\\nJohnson gives the annexed historical sketches of religious socie-\\nties in Greenwich.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "144\\nCUMBERLAND COUNTY.\\nProtestant Episcopal Church at Greenwich. Two of the emigrants from Gravesend,\\nin England, were brothers, to wit, Nicholas and Leonard Gibbon they purchased about\\n6,000 acres of land near to Cohansick, or, as it is now called, Greenwich, which they\\nendeavored to settle by inviting their countrymen to emigrate and locate themselves\\nthere. Nicholas, the elder brother, built for himself in the village a good and substan-\\ntial brick house, which, in those days, was considered elegant for that part of the coun-\\ntry in which he resided, until about the year 1740, when he removed to the town of Sa-\\nlem. That house is now, or has been years past, in the possession of the Wood family.\\nLeonard Gibbon, the other brother, built a good and convenient stone house for his resi-\\ndence, on his part of the land, about, perhaps, two miles from Greenwich. Nicholas\\nGibbon, Samuel Hedge, and Capt. James Gould carried on mercantile business together,\\nas spoken of before, and Gould being located in New York, the exports of the produc-\\ntions of that part of the country were consigned to him. The Gibbons, probably being\\nthe most wealthy, and having a greater quantity of land to dispose of than others of the\\nadventurers, erected a neat, comfortable brick church, of the Episcopal order, in the\\nvillage, for the purpose of accommodating their own and neighbors families. When it\\nwas finished, they had it consecrated in due form by Rev. Phinehas Bond, a clergyman\\nfrom New Castle, and John Pearsons, the settled minister of the Episcopal church of\\nSaint John s in Salem. The consecration of the church took place in the year 1729,\\nand was named Saint Stephen s. The Gibbons contracted with Mr. Pearson to officiate\\nin their church for them as often as he could be spared from his Salem church but as\\nthe tide of emigration set toward that part of Cohansey, so did the religious feelings of\\nthe community tend toward the Quaker, Baptist, and Presbyterian sects, until, as a dis-\\ntinct body of Christians, the Episcopalians in a few years dwindled away.\\nBaptist Church at Cohansey. So early as about the year 1683, some Baptists from\\nTipperary, in Ireland, settled in the neighborhood of Cohansey. The most prominent\\npersons were David Sheppard, Thomas Abbott, and William Button. In 1685, Obadiah\\nHolmes and John Cornelius came from Long Island, and settled there. The Rev Tho-\\nmas Killingsworth officiated in that church in 1690. In 1710, Rev. Timothy Brooks\\nemigrated from Swansey, in Massachusetts, and united there. Obadiah Holmes used\\nto preach for the people both he and Killingsworth were judges in the court of Salem.\\nKillingsworth used to preach occasionally in the house of one Jeremiah Nickson, in\\nPenn s Neck. He was succeeded by Rev. Timothy Brooke, and he by Rev. William\\nButcher then Rev. Nathaniel Jenkins then Rev. Robert Kelsey, who was from Ire-\\nland and he by Rev. Henry Smally, whose life of great usefulness, as a fervent and\\nfaithful minister of Jesus Christ, was protracted to this present year, 1839.\\nPresbyterian Church at Greenwich. The Presbyterians received a deed of gift for a\\nlot of land from Jeremiah Bacon, to Henry Joice and Thomas Maskell, in trust for the\\nPresbyterian church and congregation, as early as the month of April, 1717 but in\\nconsequence of the parsonage house being burnt in 1739, all the books and papers be-\\nlonging to the pastor and congregation were destroyed. As emigrants flocked into Co-\\nhansey from New England, Long Island, Wales, and Ireland, it is very probable that a\\nPresbyterian society was formed about the year 1700, or earlier. It has been generally\\nbelieved that a Mr. Black was the first pastor then the Rev. Ebenezer Gould was in-\\nstalled as pastor, in 1728. The members and contributors to the old brick building\\nwhich was taken down in 1835, after standing 100 years, were Ebenezer Gould, the\\npastor,\\nJosiah Fithian,\\nWilliam Watson,\\nElias Cotting,\\nSamuel Clark,\\nVBenjamin Dare,\\nThomas Ewing,\\nAbiel Carll,\\nThomas Buryman,\\nAbraham Reeves,\\nJonathan Sayre,\\nNathaniel Bishop,\\nSamuel Miller,\\nJohn Miller,\\nJonathan Holmes,\\nThomas Waithman,\\nMatthias Fithian,\\nConstant Maskell,\\nJohn Woolsey,\\nAnanias Sayre,\\nAaron Mulford,\\nCharles Fordham,\\nWilliam Perry,\\nBelbe Sheppard,\\nFrancis Brewster,\\nJames Caruthers,\\nThomas Read,\\nBenjamin Wooten,\\nJohn Woodruff,\\nNoah Miller,\\nJoseph Moone,\\nJohn Pagget,\\nHarber Peck,\\nNehemiah Veal,\\nNathaniel Harris,\\nFrancis Julis,\\nJohn Shaw,\\nPhilip Vickers,\\nJohn Keith,\\nUriah Bacon,\\nRobert James,\\nStephen Jessup,\\nMoses Platts,\\nSamuel Morfelt,\\nJohn Fairlaw,\\nJoseph Simkins,\\nJames M Knight,\\nCharles Campbell,\\nJohn Alexander,\\nEbenezer Ash Smith,\\nNathan Lupton,\\nJames Crawford,\\nJames Robinson,\\nNathaniel Moore,\\nJohn Tyler,\\nJohn Plumer,\\nWilliam Tullis,\\nElias Davis,\\nDeborah Keith,\\nMercy Maskell,\\nSamuel Bacon,\\nJosiah Parvin,\\nThomas Pagget.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "CUMBERLAND COUNTY. 145\\nThe Rev. Ebenezer Gould continued the pastor of that church from the year 1728 to\\n1740, when he removed to Long Island. This church was favored by the supplies of\\nthe Rev. Samuel Finley, the celebrated preachers George Whitefield, Tennant, and oth-\\ners, during all which times there was a remarkable revival of religion among that people.\\nWhitefield, in a letter to his friend, dated Salem, 20th November, 1740, says, Yes-\\nterday, at Cohansey, the Spirit of the Lord moved over the whole congregation what\\nreason have we to be thankful for the great things that we both see and hear\\nIn 1746, the Rev. Andrew Hunter was ordained pastor over the united churches of\\nGreenwich and Deerfield. He continued to serve both those churches until 1760, when\\nhe confined his labors to the Greenwich church until his death, which was in July, 1775.\\nAnd here I must be permitted to mention, that he was an ardent friend to the liberties\\nof America, and, like his friend and coadjutor in that noble cause, the Rev. Samuel\\nEaken, took an active part both in and out of the pulpit, and upon all suitable occasions,\\nto arouse the spirit of the people against the oppressive measures of the British gov-\\nernment.\\nAfter the decease of Mr. Hunter, the church relied upon supplies until April, 1782,\\nwhen the Rev. George Faitoute was installed pastor. He continued to officiate there\\nuntil 1790, when he removed to Jamaica, Long Island, where he became the pastor of\\nthat church, and so continued until he died in a good old age.\\nIn 1792, a Presbyterian church was organized in Bridgeton, and a union being agreed\\nupon by the two churches, the Rev. Mr. Clarkson took the oversight of them in 1794,\\nand so continued their pastor until 1801, when he relinquished his charge, and settled in\\nSavannah, in Georgia. In 1805, the Rev. Jonathan Freeman became their pastor, and\\ncontinued until his death, which was in November, 1822. The present incumbent, Rev.\\nSamuel Lawrance, succeeded Mr. Freeman.\\nShortly after the destruction of the tea in Boston, the East India\\ntea company determined to try whether they might not meet with\\nbetter success in sending a cargo into the Cohansey. Accordingly\\nthe brig Greyhound, with a cargo of tea bound to Philadelphia,\\ncame up the river and discharged at Greenwich, depositing the tea\\nin the cellar of a house standing in front of the market ground.\\nIn the evening of Thursday, Nov. 22d, 1774, it was taken posses-\\nsion of by about 40 men, disguised as Indians, who deliberately\\nconveyed the chests from the cellar, piled them in an adjoining\\nfield, and burnt them in one general conflagration.\\nThe names of these bold and determined patriots, says John-\\nson, deserve to be handed down to the latest posterity and as far\\nas can be recollected I herewith cheerfully record them. First, Dr.\\nEbenezer Elmer, Richard Howell, afterward a major in the army,\\nand Gov. of New Jersey David Pierson, Stephen Pierson, Silas\\nWhitecar, Timothy Elmer, Rev. Andrew Hunter, Rev. Philip Tith-\\nian, Alexander Moore, jr., Clarence Parvin, John Hunt, James\\nHunt, Lewis Howell, Henry Stacks, James Ewing, father of the\\nlate chief-justice of New Jersey, Dr. Thomas Ewing, father of the\\npresent Dr. William Bedford Ewing, Josiah Seeley, and Joel Fith-\\nian, Esquires.\\nThis bold act of these men, (for they were all young fellows,)\\nproduced much excitement in the lower counties with such persons\\nwho secretly were disposed to favor the British interest. They\\nwere loud in their denunciations against these patriots, for what\\nthey called such wanton waste of property, and that they deserved\\nto be severely handled for it. The owners of the tea, finding that\\nsome commiseration for their loss had been excited among the\\npeople in the neighborhood, thought proper to try whether they\\n19", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "146 CUMBERLAND COUNTY.\\ncould not obtain remuneration by having recourse to suits at law.\\nTherefore, previous to the sitting of the supreme court, in April,\\n1775, Capt. Allen, John Duffield, Stacy Hepburn, and others, brought\\nas many as half a dozen suits for damages against some of the\\nwhigs. The advocates for the plaintiffs were Gen. Joseph Reed,\\nof Philadelphia, and Mr. Petitt.\\nAs soon as this transaction was known, a meeting of the whigs\\ntook place, and they immediately resolved to raise, and did raise, a\\nconsiderable sum of money to defend their friends in the contro-\\nversy. Accordingly, they forthwith retained on the side of the\\nwhigs, as their counsellors, Joseph Bloomfield, George Read, of\\nNew Castle, Elias Boudinot, of Elizabethtown, and Jonathan Dick-\\ninson Sargeant, of Philadelphia, who used to practise in the courts\\nof the lower counties previous to the American revolution. Jo-\\nseph Bloomfield appeared as attorney for the whigs On motion\\nof Mr. Sargeant, for Joseph Bloomfield, attorney for the defendants,\\nordered that the plaintiffs, being non-resident, file security for costs,\\nagreeable to act of assembly, before further proceedings be had in\\nthese causes. Frederick Smyth, the chief-justice, held the oyer\\nand terminer in Cumberland county, next after the burning of the\\ntea, and charged the grand jury on the subject, but they found no\\nbills. He sent them out again, but they still refused to find any\\nbills, for this plain reason they were whigs. The foreman of that\\npatriotic jury was Daniel Elmer. But as the American contest\\nsoon became serious, and hostilities were carried on in different\\nparts of the states, the suits were dropped, and never after renewed.\\nIn the revolutionary contest, the inhabitants of the county upon\\nthe shore of Delaware bay were frequently alarmed and sometimes\\nplundered by the refugees. When the British fleet ascended the\\nDelaware to attack Philadelphia, a party of armed men landed\\nand destroyed some cattle upon the salt marsh between the Cohan-\\nsey and Stow creeks. On the appearance of a few militia they\\nprecipitately returned to their ships.\\nThe soil of the township is very fertile, and highly cultivated.\\nThe inhabitants are nearly equally divided between Presbyterians,\\nBaptists, and Friends. There are 2 fine libraries. A line of mail\\nstages runs twice a week to Philadelphia and the communication\\nby water is almost continuous the Cohansey being one of the best\\nnavigable streams in the state, and its mouth, at all seasons, a se-\\ncure harbor for vessels under 15 feet draught.\\nHOPEWELL.\\nHopewell is 1 1 m. long by 4 in breadth, and is bounded N. by\\nUpper Alloways Creek, Salem co., S. by Fairfield, E. by Fairfield\\nand Deerfield, and W. by Greenwich and Stow creek. The Co-\\nhansey forms its eastern and southern boundary line. The surface\\nis slightly rolling, the soil, a clay loam. The township contains", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "CUMBERLAND COUNTY. 147\\n5 stores, 1 forge, 1 flouring-m., 2 grist-m. cap. in manufac.\\n$25,150 12 schools, 973 scholars. Pop. 2,220.\\nBridgeton, the seat of justice for the county, is partially in this\\ntownship. Roadstown, on its western border, about 4 m. from the\\ncourthouse, was early settled by the Mulford family, from Long\\nIsland. It contains a Baptist church and about 40 dwellings. Shi-\\nloh, 2 m. NE. of Roadstown, has about 25 dwellings and a Seventh-\\nday Baptist church.\\nThis church arose about the year 1737. The founders were John Swinnoy, Dr. Elijah\\nBowen, John Jarman, Caleb Barrett, Hugh Dunn, Rev. Jonathan Davis, Caleb Ayres,\\nand some others, with their families. About the year 1790, a schism took place among\\nthem one part of the society holding the doctrine as promulgated by Winchester,\\n(which was that of Universalism,) the other party retaining the creed of their fore-\\nfathers.\\nMAURICE RIVER.\\nThis, the eastern township of the county, is, in extreme length,\\n19 m., breadth 10 m. It is bounded NE. by Hamilton and Wey-\\nmouth, Atlantic co., SE. by Upper and Dennis Creek, Cape May co.,\\nS. by Delaware bay, W. by Downe, and NW. by Millville. The\\nsoil is light, excepting on the margin of the streams, and a consid-\\nerable portion of its surface covered with pines. There are in the\\ntownship 6 stores, 2 glass-houses, 7 grist-m., 4 saw-m. cap. in\\nmanufac. $48,060 8 schools, 280 scholars. Pop. 2,143.\\nThis township derives its name from the river forming its west-\\nern boundary, called by the Indians the Wahatquenack. Its present\\nname was given to it from the circumstance of a ship, the Prince\\nMaurice, being burnt by the Indians, and sunk, about half a mile\\nbelow Mauricetown, at a reach in the river known as the no\\nman s friend. The Swedes very early formed settlements on\\nMaurice river, at Dorchester and Leesburg, probably between\\n1637 and 1654. There was, anciently, a Swedish church a quarter\\nof a mile above Spring Garden ferry, on the eastern bank of the\\nriver. Some tombstones in the graveyard still exist. Among the\\ndescendants of these people are the Mosslanders, Vanamans, Peter-\\nsons, Millers, Cobbs, c.\\nPort Elizabeth, the principal village, is on a small creek about\\nhalf a mile E. of Maurice river, and 16 m. SE. of Bridgeton. The\\nfollowing is a view of the place as it appears on approaching it from\\nMillville. The large structure on the left of the engraving is the\\nMethodist church, the building with a spire is the academy, and\\nthe covered bridge on the left is over the Manamuskin creek.\\nThere are also in the village extensive glass-works, for the manu-\\nfacture of window-glass, managed by Germans, a Friends meet-\\ning-house, and about 800 inhabitants. The village was laid out\\nabout 1790, by Elizabeth Bodeley, a widow lady from Salem co.,\\nwho owned the land. There were then a few houses in the place.\\nIt was thereupon made a port of entry, and named in honor of this", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "143\\nCUMBERLAND COUNTY.\\nNorthwest View of Port Elizabeth.\\nlady. The Methodist church was erected soon after. In 1827, the\\nold building was taken down and the present substantial edifice\\nreared. A few years after the Methodist church was built, the\\nFriends erected their meeting-house. There are also 4 other\\nchurches in the township viz., 1 Methodist at Leesburg, 1 do. at\\nCumberland furnace, 1 do. at Morris River Neck, and a Baptist, in\\nthe southern part of the township, which is used for a schoolhouse.\\nMarshallsville, in the extreme eastern part of the township, on\\nTuckahoe river, 25 m. from Bridgeton, has about 40 dwellings, and\\nextensive glass-works, for the manufacture of window-glass, owned\\nby Dr. Randolph Marshall and others. Considerable ship-building\\nis carried on there. Bricksboro, (founded by Joshua Brick, Esq.,)\\nLeesbarg, and Dorchester, are small villages on Maurice river.\\nThe principal portion of the following, relating to loitchcraft, c,\\nin this vicinity, was delivered in a lecture before the Camden Ly-\\nceum, in the winter of 1841-2.\\nIn 1817 or 18, the hotel in Port Elizabeth was supposed to be possessed by an invisi-\\nble spirit. At dusk there commenced, at intervals, in different apartments of the house,\\na clattering of the windows, as if the sash had been violently struck with the hand. The\\nneighborhood, alarmed, nightly assembled to witness this strange occurrence. More\\nthan a week elapsed ere the imposition was detected. Its author was discovered to be\\na young and artful colored girl, who, soon as it became dark, would skip from one room\\nto another, give the terrifying knock, and then hasten back to the family with a counte-\\nnance expressive of fear. On detection, she declared she had been bribed by an old\\nwitch in the village. There is another dwelling at Ewing s Neck that, about the same\\ntime, had been successively abandoned by two tenants on account of its being haunted\\nand there was one room so particularly favored by invisible spirits that not anyone dared\\noccupy it. The door would mysteriously fly open, sometimes a dozen times an hour,\\nwithout the intervention of human agency. The building stood tenantless for several\\nmonths. At last a person was found who had the hardihood to occupy it. As our in-\\nformant was one day passing, he was invited by the tenant to examine into the mystery.\\nIt was soon solved. The door was not hung perpendicularly the upper part having an\\ninclination backward and, the latch being rather loose, any little jar would cause it\\nto suddenly fly open and forcibly strike against the wall. The evil was remedied, and\\nthe spirits returned no more.\\nIn olden times, when the belief in witchcraft was prevalent, and the power of charms\\nadmitted, it was customary to hang upon the neck by a string a piece of dried beef cut\\nin the shape of a heart, with two needles stuck on in the form of a cross, as a protection", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "CUMBERLAND COUNTY. 149\\nagainst witches. Another safeguard was in the horse-shoe, which originally was nailed\\nboldly over doors, and in places open to the eye but as superstition dispelled before\\nthe light of a later day, those who pertinaciously clung to the ways of their fathers\\nplaced it out of sight, under the door-steps, or in some other covert spots or else they\\nwould apply it to some ostensibly useful purpose, such as a hook to the well-sweep, or as\\na catch to receive the gate-latch. It is well known, that in the spring it is customary to\\ntake off the shoes from horses, and allow them to roam over wet meadows, so that their\\nhoofs, which become hard and brittle in the winter, may be softened by the dampness.\\nIn those times, instead of taking off all the shoes, one was left to answer the valuable\\npurpose which this piece of iron was supposed to effect. Another favorite place for the\\nshoe, was on the inside of the hinder axle of wagons and even to the present day it\\nmay be found nailed to the under side of the wheelbarrows of the negroes in the Phila-\\ndelphia market\\nAnother harmless piece of superstition was in powowing. When a person was afflict-\\ned with the fever and ague, or a burn, some individual invested with a knowledge of this\\nsecret was called in to operate. It consisted in mumbling over in a confused manner,\\ncertain unknown texts of Scripture, when, if the patient had faith, a cure would instan-\\ntaneously follow. This secret could not be imparted by the possessor, excepting to one\\nof the opposite sex. The author of the lecture gives an anecdote of an occurrence wit-\\nnessed by himself, tending to show that even in our time humiliating instances of such\\nweaknesses are found. While waiting on one occasion, at Philadelphia, for the ferry to\\nCamden, he overheard two young ladies in the room with him, express impatience at the\\ndelay of the doctor. In a few minutes this individual appeared, in the person of a vul-\\ngar looking colored man. He rubbed his hands over a sort of cancerous wart on the lips\\nof one of the females, and after muttering some gibberish language, pronounced the sore\\nhealed and then pocketing $5 as his fee, disappeared. Whether the wart was healed,\\nour informant has neglected to testify.\\nAmong the Dutch it was considered a bad omen to sweep the house after sunset, or to\\nsweep dirt into the fire. It was a good omen, when using eggs, to sprinkle salt on the\\nshells and throw them into the fire and bread they thought would not be light, unless\\nthe sign of a cross was made on the dough.\\nMILLVILLE.\\nMillville is in extreme length N. and S. 16 miles E. and W. 15\\nand is bounded NE. by parts of Atlantic and Gloucester counties\\nsoutherly by Maurice river, and Downe and westerly by Fair-\\nfield, Deerfield, and Pittsgrove, Salem co. The township contains\\n5 stores, 5 glass-houses, 5 grist-m., 9 saw-m. cap. in manufac.\\n$183,920; 5 schools. Pop. 1,771.\\nMillville is at the head of tide, and principally on the E. bank\\nof Maurice river, 20 miles from its mouth, and 11 E. of Bridgeton.\\nThe village and vicinity consists of about 150 dwellings, and 1 Bap-\\ntist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Presbyterian church. The land on which it\\nstands was purchased about the year 1796, by Joseph Buck, Eze-\\nkiel Foster, Robert Smith, and Eli Elmer, by whom improvements\\nwere commenced. Previous to this period it was known as the\\nMaurice River bridge a tavern having been here a greater part\\nof a century. At that period rattlesnakes abounded on the mar-\\ngin of the river, but now have disappeared. The Methodist church,\\nthe oldest in the village, was built in 1822 and the dedication ser-\\nmon preached by the Rev. Charles Pitman. The Presbyterian\\nchurch was built in 1838, and the Rev. John M Coy was the first\\nsettled clergyman.\\nThe following view was taken on the western bank of the river,", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "150\\nCUMBERLAND COUNTY.\\nNorthwest View of Millville.\\na short distance above the bridge. On the left are seen the exten-\\nsive glass-works of Scattergood, Harverstick, Co. on the right\\nthe central portion of the village and on the extreme right, the\\nlarge glass-works at Shutterville, in the lower part of the village.\\nThere is also near the village an iron furnace, belonging to D. C.\\nWood, Esq. These three establishments unitedly employ about\\n300 men. About 3 miles above Millville is a dam in the river,\\nfrom which a canal is cut to the village, for the supply of water-\\npower for the works. Large quantities of wood, lumber, and char-\\ncoal, are exported from here and the river is navigable for vessels\\nof 100 tons. Millville is thriving, and inhabited by a hardy, indus-\\ntrious population.\\nThe following extraordinary incident was communicated to the\\neditors of the Christian Advocate and Journal, by the Rev. Mr.\\nPurdue, of Millville, in Jan. 1843.\\nMary Coombs, the subject of the following biographical sketch, was born in March,\\n1794 and when about 10 years of age, she was convinced of her sinful state, and\\nbrought to serious reflection and prayer by hearing her mother read the Holy Scriptures.\\nOne passage particularly, the recollection of which she still retains, made, even at that\\ntender age, an indelible impression upon her mind. It is Isaiah iii. 11 Wo unto the\\nwicked, it shall be ill with him for the reward of his hands shall be given him.\\nAt the age of 13 years she experienced a clear sense of God s pardoning mercy, at a\\nMethodist quarterly meeting at Tuckahoe. For two years after this happy change, so\\nstrong were her religious consolations, and so uninterrupted her peace, that, to use her\\nown language, she had neither troubles nor trials. This truce, however, was succeed-\\ned by a season of severe trial and she was reduced to great heaviness through mani-\\nfold temptations. She was much harassed with a fear that she should never again en-\\njoy the same consolations, or be able to endure the trials and difficulties of life. At a\\nclass-meeting, held at the dwelling-house of Richard Penn, about 5 miles from this\\nplace, on the 20th of November, 1808, she was unusually blessed, fell under the power\\nof God, and remained for seven days and nights, in one of the most remarkable raptures\\nof which I have ever read or heard.\\nThere was an unusual coldness of the extremities, and an unnatural rigidity or stiff-\\nness of the muscular fibre of the whole body. But a very singular phenomenon was,\\nthat every day, precisely at 6 o clock, P. M., consciousness, and the powers of speech,\\nand voluntary motion, returned for a short time.\\nThis was gradual, however, and always preceded by paroxysms of trembling, in which\\nher whole frame was violently agitated, accompanied by opening of the eyes, half-artic-\\nulated words, and other signs of returning animation. The first words which she usually", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "CUMBERLAND COUNTY. 151\\nuttered so as to be distinctly understood, were, Blessed Jesus Lord, give me more\\nstrength and some others of a like description.\\nThis intermediate state was generally of about from 30 to 45 minutes duration and\\nas soon as she could sit up on the bed, she would commence exhorting those about her,\\nparticularly the unconverted, to forsake their sins, and flee the wrath to come. This\\nwas done in the most earnest and serious manner, with an almost unearthly pathos, and\\nin the use of language, appeals, and arguments, altogether beyond her degree of mental\\ncultivation and intellectual capacity. This will seem the more remarkable, when it is\\nconsidered that she had scarcely any education, said but little on all occasions, and was\\nnaturally diffident and retiring in her manners.\\nThe singularity of the case, as might reasonably be expected, produced great excite.\\nment in the neighborhood, and attracted crowds of people, even from a distance, to wit-\\nness her exercises. The knowledge of sins forgiven was not considered the privilege\\nof believers, even by a majority of those who made a profession of religion in the neigh-\\nborhood. The miseries of the damned the necessity of immediate repentance and\\nthe fact that sinners might know their sins forgiven in this life, were the principal themes\\nof her discourses. The effects produced by these exhortations were truly astonishing.\\nFrom Wednesday until the close of the week, the house was filled to overflowing every\\nnight and but little was heard except the cries of the penitent, the prayers of the pious,\\nand the shouts of new-born souls till long after midnight.\\nSuch was the state of excitement upon this occasion, and such the influence that at-\\ntended these exhortations, that persons, upon approaching the house, would be seized\\nwith conviction for sin at hearing the sound of her voice, before entering the door. Af-\\nter speaking about one hour, if the interval lasted so long, her voice would gradually be-\\ncome more and more faint, until it ceased to be audible, and she would fall back upon\\nthe bed, and remain apparently insensible to all external objects till the same time the\\nnext evening. The sister, at whose house she remained, (now an old and worthy member\\nof the church at Port Elizabeth, in this state,) assured me that she asked for neither\\nfood nor drink during the week and that the only nourishment she received was a few\\nspoonfuls of thin gruel, which was forced into her mouth at three different times. This\\nshe received reluctantly, and would finally resist their efforts to force it upon her by\\nclosing the teeth firmly together.\\nOne circumstance which served greatly to excite the curiosity of the people, and draw\\nthem to the place, was, that early in the week she stated that she would be exercised in\\nthis way every evening till the next sabbath and that at the same hour on that day that\\nshe had fallen into this rapture the previous sabbath, she would have finished her work,\\nand would return home. That consciousness, and the powers of speech, and voluntary\\nmotion, should return every evening precisely at 6 o clock, (as was found to be the case,)\\nwhen she could by no means have access to any time-piece, was perfectly unaccounta-\\nble upon natural principles. Upon the following sabbath, (November 27, 1808,) the day\\nwhich she had designated for her return home, it was estimated that not less than five\\nhundred people were present to witness it.\\nAt 2 o clock precisely, one week from the time she had fallen into this rapture, she\\nseemed to recover as out of a sweet sleep, and quietly returned home with her friends.\\nOn being asked, before she left the house, some questions relative to the subjeet which\\nhad occupied her whole attention during the preceding week, she calmly replied that she\\nhad nothing more to say that she had finished the work assigned her for the present.\\nI inquired particularly what influence this circumstance had upon her appetite and gen-\\neral health, and was informed that there was no perceptible change.\\nA physician from Bridgeton, who visited her during the rapture, was asked his opinion,\\nupon which he remarked that he did not understand the case. Sister Surran (her\\nname by marriage) is still living and although she has been called, in the providence of\\nGod, to pass through the fires of temptation, and the waves of affliction, still retains her\\nintegrity, and sustains an unblemished reputation for consistent piety. I sought an op-\\nportunity to converse with her, and requested to know all that she felt free to communi-\\ncate concerning her feelings and spiritual perceptions at the time.\\nShe is, and always has been, reserved on this subject. So much so, that her nearest\\nrelations have seldom ventured to converse with her concerning it. She stated to me,\\nhowever, that while speaking, she seemed altogether under the influence, and subject to\\nthe control of a supernatural power that to speak required no effort, either of thought\\nor reflection, on her part. To use her own language, The words were all put into my\\nmouth, and I had to speak them.\\nShe described her sensations during the seasons of repose as peculiarly agreeable. She\\nheard the commingling of distant but harmonious sounds, such as would be produced by", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "152 CUMBERLAND COUNTY.\\nnumerous voices and instruments of music which seemed to be wafted upon every breezd\\nof heaven, and fell upon her ear in tones of enchanting melody. With reference to this\\nworld, she was in a state of perfect intellectual abstraction. Not one of its difficulties,\\ncares, or even thoughts, intruded upon the sanctuary of her heart In conclusion, I\\nwould remark, that the circumstances of the case utterly preclude the suspicion of col-\\nlusion.\\nSTOW CREEK.\\nStow creek is about 5 miles long E. and W., and 4 broad N. and\\nS. It is bounded NW. by Upper and Lower Alloways creek, Sa-\\nlem co. E. by Hopewell S. by Greenwich and W. by Lower\\nAlloways creek. It is 4 miles W. of Bridgeton soil and sur-\\nface diversified the township abounds in excellent marl. It\\ncontains 2 grist-m., 1 saw-m. cap. in manufac. $32,220 4 sch.,\\n100 scholars. Pop. 846.\\nA considerable trade is carried on in this country in the skins of\\nmuskrats, which sometimes are sold as high as two dollars fifty\\ncents per dozen. This animal is a native of almost all parts of Ameri-\\nca. It is about the size of a small rabbit, and has a thick short\\nhead, resembling that of a water-rat its hair is soft and glossy,\\nand beneath the outward hair is a thick, fine down, very useful\\nin the manufacture of hats it is of a reddish brown color its\\nbreast and belly are ash, tinged with red its tail long and flat\\nits eyes large ears short and hairy and it has two strong cut-\\nting teeth in each jaw, those of the under jaw are about an\\ninch long, but the upper ones are shorter. In their habits they\\nin many respects much resemble the beaver, and are remarkable\\nfor sagacity and cunning. They are amphibious, and their tails\\nbeing broad and feet nearly web-footed, enables them to swim\\nwith great facility. In travelling near the seashore, their houses\\nare seen numerously scattered over the salt marshes, resembling\\nso many hay-cocks in miniature. At the approach of winter,\\nseveral families associate together, and build their little huts,\\ncommonly from three to five feet in height, composed of herbs\\nand rushes cemented with clay, forming a dome-like covering, ex-\\nternally covered with rough reeds. They have each several cells,\\nwhose tops are above high water, and are lined with soft grass\\nin each of which there is, in the time of breeding in the spring, a\\npair with their progeny, usually consisting of three or four young\\nones. These dwellings are commonly built near the margin of a\\ncreek or ditch from which there are usually two passages, one\\nnear the top, and the other under ground from the bank of the\\ncreek. In fresh marshes they have no houses, but burrow in the\\nbanks. This animal lays up a stock of sedge roots for winter con-\\nsumption. They are neat in their habits, and wash these roots\\nvery clean previous to storing them, by holding them in one paw\\nand rubbing them in the water with the other. They are caught\\nin traps or speared in their cells. The hunters sometimes take", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "ESSEX COUNTY. 153\\nthem in the spring, by opening their holes and letting the light\\nsuddenly in upon them. At that time their flesh is excellent.\\nThey make good pot-pies, and taste much like ducks. In summer,\\nthe scent of musk is so strong as to render them unpalatable.\\nWhen hard pressed they run to the water, and dive to the bottom\\nbut soon come up to breathe. If taken when young, they are\\neasily tamed, very playful, and perfectly inoffensive. Their mor-\\ntal enemies are minks.\\nESSEX COUNTY.\\nEssex county was first formed in 1675, and its boundaries were\\ndefinitely fixed by the act of Jan. 21st, 1709-10, comprising the ter-\\nritory then known as Elizabethtown and Newark. Its original\\nlimits have since been reduced. It is now about 20 miles long,\\nwith an average breadth of 12 miles, being bounded N. by Passaic\\nand a small part of Morris counties E. by Hudson co., Newark\\nbay, and Staten Island S. by Middlesex co. and W. by Somerset\\nand Morris counties. The face of the county is generally level\\nthe soil well cultivated, and highly productive. Two trap ridges,\\nknown as the first and second mountains, (the latter sometimes\\ncalled the Short Hills,) enter the county on the SW. and cross the\\nwestern part in a NE. direction, and pass into Passaic co. The\\nPassaic and Rahway rivers are the principal streams. In 1840\\nthere were produced in the countv 34,692 bushels of wheat rye,\\n34,244; Indian corn, 225,314 buckwheat, 39,588 oats, 181,261\\npotatoes, 178,193 bushels. There were 203 stores, with a capital\\nof $524,650. Capital in the fisheries, $60,000 6 fulling, 20 grist,\\n21 flouring, and 25 saw-mills; 18 paper factories, 3 woollen, and 2\\ncotton factories; 4 dyeing and printing establishments; 10 tanne-\\nries, and 6 potteries. Capital invested in manufactures, $3,170,568.\\n16 academies, with 680 students. The county is divided into the\\n13 following townships:\\nBelleville, Elizabeth, New Providence, Springfield,\\nBloomfield, Livingston, Orange, Union,\\nCaldwell, Newark, Rahway, Westfield.\\nClinton,\\nThe population of the townships now composing Essex co., was\\nin 1810, 23,961 in 1820, 27,455 in 1830, 34,201 in 1840,\\n44,621.\\nBELLEVILLE.\\nBelleville was formed from the eastern portion of Bloomfield in\\n1839. It is 5 miles long, with a width of 2 miles bounded N. by\\n20", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "154\\nESSEX COUNTY.\\nAcquackanonek, Passaic co. E. by Harrison, Hudson co., from\\nwhich it is separated by the Passaic river S. by Newark and W.\\nby Bloomfield. The township contains 12 stores. 4 fulling m., 1\\ncotton and 2 woollen factories, 1 dyeing and printing establishment,\\n2 flouring-m., 1 grist-m. Cap. in manufac. $479,450. 7 sch., 316\\nscholars. Pop. 2,466. The soil of the township is well cultivated and\\nproductive. It is the seat of extensive manufacturing establishments.\\nEastern View of Belleville.\\nThe village of Belleville is beautifully situated on the W. bank\\nof Passaic river, 3 miles N. of Newark. This place w r as anciently\\ncalled Second river and as early as 1682 had a considerable pop-\\nulation. The annexed engraving shows the prominent portion of\\nthe village, as seen from the eastern bank of the river. The bridge\\nand the Reformed Dutch church are seen on the right the Episco-\\npal churoh, a Gothic structure, on the extreme left the Methodist\\nchurch is partially shown in the central part, and the Catholic\\nchurch in the distance beyond, on the hill. This is a pleasant place\\nof resort during the summer months, besides being one of consid-\\nerable business. There are in the village 4 churches, about a dozen\\nstores, many mechanic shops, several manufacturing establishments,\\nand about 200 dwellings. There are a number of vessels here, en-\\ngaged in transporting raw and manufactured products to New\\nYork and elsewhere. Franklinville, formerly called Spring Garden,\\na flourishing little manufacturing village, contains about 25 dwel-\\nlings, and a Methodist church.\\nThe following biographical sketches are from the 5th vol. of\\nAlden s Collection of Epitaphs, Notes, c.\\nThe Rev. Gerardus Haugevort came, with his consort, from Holland to America, a\\nlittle before the middle of the last century. By the influence of Col. John Schuyler, he\\nwas removed from the place of his first settlement, in the interior of New Jersey, to the\\nReformed Dutch church at Second river, now Belleville, in the township of Bloomfield.\\nHe was a man of talents, and for a considerable time was highly acceptable to the peo-\\nple of his charge. Being, however, of an irascible temper, he at length, by some un-\\nguarded speech, offended his principal patron. To get rid of the dominie, the Col. de-\\nclared himself an Episcopalian and invited the Rev. Daniel Isaac Browne, rector of", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "ESSEX COUNTY. 155\\nTrinity church at Newark, to officiate at Second river. For some time Mr. Browne per-\\nformed his ministerial functions in a private building near the margin of the Passaic, to\\naccommodate the Dutch people, many of whom showed a reluctance at changing their de-\\nnomination. Col. Schuyler was at the expense of a Dutch and English impression of\\nthe Common Prayer Book. This was for many years used at Second river, but at pres-\\nent it is not known that a single copy of it exists. Mr. Haugevort, for some time after\\nthe unpleasant rupture, kept possession of his church, and statedly preached to his adhe-\\nrents while the new society, having left the private building, worshipped in the academy.\\nAt length the doors of the Dutch church were clandestinely fastened. Mr. Haugevort,\\nnot disposed to flee to another city, then preached from sabbath to sabbath to a few warm\\nfriends, on the steps of his church door. His salary ceased, and his reduced flock could\\ndo but little for him. He must have suffered for want of the necessaries of life, if he\\nhad not brought property with him from his native country. He died about the close of\\nthe Revolutionary war, leaving a son and grandson, both of whom bear his name, and\\nseveral daughters. He and his patron, who was a distinguished character in his day,\\nhave long since left a world of imperfection, where good men sometimes unhappily dis-\\nagree, and, it is to be hoped, have entered that state in which no discordant passions ever\\ninterrupt the pleasures of harmony and love.\\nAarent Schuyler came to this country, from Holland, in early life, depending upon\\nhis industry alone, under Providence, for a support. He at length, by his diligence and\\neconomy, acquired so much property as to venture on the purchase of a considerable\\ntract of rough and wild land, on the banks of the Passaic, opposite to the mouth of the\\nSecond river. Here he toiled for years, till almost discouraged at the difficulty with\\nwhich he gained a subsistence. He was about to negotiate for the sale of his place,\\nwhen one day his old negro found a ponderous mineral substance on the farm, which so\\nattracted his curiosity that he carried a specimen of it to his master. Mr. Schuyler was\\nimpressed with the idea, from its appearance, that it must be something valuable. He\\nimmediately carried it to New York, where it was ascertained to be copper ore. He\\nthen gave up the purpose of selling his estate, and turned his attention to the riches\\nwhich his land embosomed. The ore was found in abundance, and was sent to Eng-\\nland to be wrought. Seldom has a mine been discovered, in any part of the world, con-\\ntaining so great a proportion of pure metal. It is said that every ton of ore exported\\nyielded eighty per cent, of copper. Before the Revolutionary war vast treasures were\\ndrawn from this mine, till the principal shaft was sunk to the depth of 150 feet. For\\nmany years this fountain of wealth has been neglected, but at a future day will no doubt\\nclaim the attention of some enterprising proprietor.\\nMr. Schuyler was the father of Col. Peter Schuyler and Col. John Schuyler, both of\\nwhom were highly respectable in life. The former was a distinguished officer in the\\nProvincial forces sent against the French and Indians of Canada, and his name is fre-\\nquently mentioned with great and just respect by the historians of his day.\\nThe Hon. Josiaii Hornblower, [who died Jan. 21st, 1809, at the age of 88 years,]\\na man of most respectable and unblemished character, whose life was highly valued,\\nand whose death is deeply deplored, was a native of Staffordshire, in England. Without\\nthe aid of a liberal education, but with a strong mind and studious habits, at a very\\nearly period of life, he became perfectly acquainted with some of the most intricate, and\\nat the same time most noble branches of science. Mathematics, magnetism, electricity,\\noptics, astronomy, and in short the whole system of natural and moral philosophy be-\\ncame his favorite studies. At the age of between 23 and 24 years, he was engaged to\\ncome to this country, for the purpose of erecting a steam-engine at the copper-mine then\\nbelonging to Col. John Schuyler in the execution of which, as well as a mineralogist\\ngenerally, he discovered eminent industry, capacity, and genius, and received the most\\nunbounded confidence. Shortly after he was established in this country, he connected\\nhimself in marriage with one of the most respectable families, and had a numerous issue.\\nIn our Revolutionary struggle, he took a firm and decided part in favor of the indepen-\\ndence of this country and this was so well known, that he was early honored as a\\nrepresentative in congress. He was for several years successively a member of our\\nstate legislature, and speaker of the house of assembly. He was appointed a judge of\\nthe court, and sat on the bench with dignity, uprightness, and solidity of judgment.\\nIn his last illness, which was of the most painful kind, the exercise of every Christian\\ngrace shone with peculiar lustre.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "156\\nESSEX COUNTY.\\nBLOOMFIELD\\nBloomfield is 5 miles long, 3 wide bounded N. by Acquacka-\\nnonck, Passaic co. E. by Belleville S. by Orange and Newark\\nand W. by Caldwell and Orange. The soil is highly productive the\\nsurface on the \\\\V. mountainous. The Second and Third rivers, on\\nwhich are numerous manufacturing establishments, have their\\nsources near the foot of the mountains, and flow into the Passaic.\\nThe Morris canal runs through the E. part. There are in Bloom-\\nfield, 3 paper, 1 cotton, and 2 woollen factories 1 dyeing and print-\\ning establishment 1 fulling, 1 copper rolling, 2 grist, and 2 saw m.\\nand 1 button factory; cap. in manufac. $111,000. There are 3\\nacademies, 8 schools, 255 scholars. Pop. 2,528.\\nView of the Presbyterian Church at Bloomfield.\\nThe annexed is a view of the Presbyterian church on the milita-\\nry common in Bloomfield, 3| miles NW. of Newark. It is a sub-\\nstantial stone edifice, erected in 1796. The village of Bloomfield\\nmay be considered as extending about 3^ miles in a NW. direction,\\nincluding West Bloomfield. The number of houses within these\\nlimits is about 300. There are also 2 Presbyterian and 2 Meth-\\nodist churches, 7 or 8 stores, and several manufacturing establish-\\nments. Bloomfield was early settled by part of the colony of New\\nEnglanders which founded Newark. Stone House Plains, in the\\nnorthern part of the township, was settled by the Dutch. It con-\\ntains 30 or 40 houses, and a Dutch Reformed church. Speertown,\\nin the same vicinity, is a somewhat smaller collection of dwellings.\\nThe Bloomfield Collegiate and Commercial School, the\\nBloomfield Female Seminary, and the Mount Prospect\\nBoarding School for boys, are respectable literary institutions\\nin this township.\\nDuring the Revolutionary war, all this section of country was\\nsubject to frequent depredations, by bands of marauders and free-\\nbooters from the British posts, and especially from the garrisons at", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "ESSEX COUNTY. 157\\nBergen heights, opposite to New York. These acts of violence and\\nplunder were not permitted to pass without a suitable retribution.\\nThe following well-authenticated incident illustrates the noble\\ndaring which animated the true friends of their country in these\\ntimes of trial. It was upon a cold, dark, wintry night, near the\\nclose of the war, that a party of dauntless spirits, consisting of\\nCapt. John Kidney, Capt. Henry Jaroleman, Jacob Garlaw, and\\nHalmach Jaroleman, left their families and their firesides in search\\nof adventures. A deep snow covered the earth, and the howling\\nwind gave admonition to all to remain within but our party were\\nbent on having prisoners that night. Having provided themselves\\nwith a pair of fleet horses, attached to a common wood sled, they\\nleft the neighborhood of the above village, and laid their course\\ntowards the heights of Bergen. They soon arrived in the vicinity\\nof the garrison and leaving their horses tied to the fence, they\\nwent out to reconnoitre. They returned shortly after, having ascer-\\ntained that a school-house, some distance from the forts, was filled\\nwith officers and soldiers rioting and dancing. Their plan of tak-\\ning prisoners being matured, the company started, with Kidney at\\ntheir head. Coming upon the house, Kidney commenced giving\\nhis orders to his different divisions to surround the house, while he,\\nimmediately forcing himself in at the door, took good care that his\\nguard should show themselves and their bayonets at the threshold.\\nThose within were struck with astonishment. Every one of you\\nare my prisoners, cried Kidney surrender or you die Having\\nordered them into line, he selected first a British officer, and then a\\nrefugee passed them along to the door, where they were muffled\\nand hurried away to the sled Kidney taking care to warn them\\nthat the first one who attempted to escape was a dead man.\\nWhen they reached the meadows they heard the alarm-gun fire,\\nbut they were too far for pursuit. The prisoners were secured in\\nthe Morristown jail, and our heroes returned well pleased at the\\nnight s adventure, leaving their prisoners much chagrined at the\\nway they were taken.\\nCALDWELL.\\nCaldwell was formed from Newark and Acquackanonck, in\\n1798. It is about 7 miles long, with an average width of 4 miles\\nbounded N. by Acquackanonck and Manchester, Passaic co., and\\nPequannock, Morris co.; E. by Bloomfield, S. by Orange and Livings-\\nton, and W. by Hanover and Pequannock, Morris co. The Passaic\\nriver forms its W. and N. boundary the First and Second Moun-\\ntains are in the eastern part, and the remainder of the township\\nis generally hilly. There are 4 stores, 1 fulling, 3 grist, and 10\\nsaw-m., 1 woollen and 1 cotton fac. cap. in manufac. $36,715\\n1 acad., 22 students, 7 schools, 310 scholars. Pop. 2,184.\\nThe village of Caldwell, 10 miles NW. of Newark, contains", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "158 ESSEX COUNTY.\\nseveral stores, a Presbyterian church, and about 30 dwellings.\\nVernon, about 2 miles from Caldwell, contains 1 store, a Methodist\\nchurch, and about 20 dwellings. Fairfield is a rich agricultural\\nvicinity in the northern part of the township, where there is a\\nDutch Reformed church. Franklin, about a mile W. of Caldwell,\\ncontains about 12 dwellings.\\nCLINTON.\\nClinton was formed from Newark, Elizabethtown, and Orange,\\nin 1834. It has an average length of about 4, with a breadth of\\nabout 2 1 miles bounded N. by Orange and Newark, E. by New-\\nark, S. by Union, and W. by Springfield. It has 4 stores, 2 grist-\\nm. cap. in manufac. $6,500 3 schools, 137 scholars. Pop. 1,976.\\nThe soil is generally fertile, producing abundant crops of Indian\\ncorn and grass. Great quantities of fruit of different kinds are\\nraised in this section.\\nCamptown, 3^ miles SW. from Newark, is a flourishing village,\\ncontaining 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Free church, several\\nstores, and about 40 or 50 dwellings. During the Revolutionary\\nwar, the American army encamped here for some time, from which\\ncircumstance the place derives its name.\\nELIZABETH.\\nElizabeth is one of the oldest townships in the state. It received\\nits name from Lady Elizabeth Carteret, the wife and executrix of\\nSir George Carteret. The original area of the township has been\\nmuch reduced. It is bounded N. by Newark, E. by Newark bay,\\nW. by Union, and S. by Rahway and Staten Island sound. The\\nsoil is fertile, and is composed of red-shale, clay, loam, and marsh.\\nLarge quantities of grass are cut, on the marsh, for manure. There\\nare in the township 22 stores, 3 potteries, 2 printing-offices, a grist,\\nsaw, and oil mill cap. in manufac. $297,250. There are 3 acad-\\nemies, 150 students, 10 schools, 393 scholars. Pop. 4,184.\\nElizabethport lies on Staten Island sound, 2 miles from Elizabeth-\\ntown, and 12 from New York, with which there is a daily steam-\\nboat communication. It is a new and thriving place, and, being\\nthe commencement of the Elizabethtown and Somerville railroad,\\nit will ultimately be a place of considerable importance. There\\nare now here several manufacturing establishments, a church, and\\nabout 100 dwellings.\\nThe village of Elizabethtown is situated 4 miles from Newark,\\non Elizabethtown creek, 2f miles from its entrance into Staten\\nIsland sound. The New Jersey railroad, and the Elizabethtown", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "ESSEX COUNTY.\\n159\\nView in the central part of Elizabethtown.\\nand Somerville railroad, pass through it. It contains a courthouse,\\na jail, a bank, an insurance-office, 4 churches, (1 Methodist, 2 Pres-\\nbyterian, and 1 Episcopal.) 3 or 4 academies, upward of 400 dwell-\\ning-houses, and about 2,500 inhabitants. In the annexed engrav-\\ning, the spire of the Presbyterian church is seen nearly in the cen-\\ntral part, with the courthouse by its side, on the south the spires\\nof the Episcopal and second Presbyterian churches are seen on the\\nright. The Borough of Elizabeth received its act of incorpora-\\ntion in the thirteenth year of the reign of George II., Feb. 8th,\\n1739. All the essential features of this ancient charter (which is\\nsimilar to that of cities) are retained to the present day.\\nElizabethtown was the third settlement made in the state of\\nNew Jersey, and the first by the English. The land on which it\\nstands was purchased from certain Indian chiefs, residing on Staten\\nIsland, in 1664, by John Baily, Daniel Denton, and Luke Watson,\\nof Jamaica, Long Island and Gov. Richard Nichols granted a pa-\\ntent for it to John Baker of New York, John Ogden of Northamp-\\nton, John Baily, and Luke Watson. These, with their associates,\\nare those usually known as the Elizabethtown Associates. The\\nland purchased by them from the Indians, and patented to them by\\nNichols, was named the Elizabethtown Grant. The associates\\nwere seventy-four in number and their descendants, bearing their\\nnames, are very numerous in East Jersey.\\nThe Elizabethtown Grant was claimed by another class of\\npeople, under a title granted by the Duke of York. The claims\\nof the Associates, and those of the grantees of the duke, came\\noften into terrible conflict, and gave rise to commotions deeply per-\\nplexing, and greatly injurious to the settlement. Philip Carteret,\\nthe first governor of East Jersey, with thirty English settlers, came", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "160 ESSEX COUNTY.\\nto this town in 1665 which he made the capital of the province,\\nand named it in honor of Lady Elizabeth, the wife of his brother,\\none of the proprietors of East Jersey. On his arrival here, there\\nwere only four log-huts in the town. In partnership with his\\nbrother, Sir George Carteret, a little settlement was formed on the\\nbank of the creek, probably on the south side of Water-st., where\\nhe built a house for his residence the first government-house of\\nEast Jersey.\\nFor many years after the settlement of the province, Elizabeth-\\ntown was the largest and most flourishing place in it. Here were\\nall the public offices, and here was the residence of most of the\\nofficers of the government. The first general assembly, composed\\nof governor, council, and a house of burgesses, met here in 1668\\nand here it met (with few exceptions) up to 1682. In 1686, it met\\nat Amboy Perth, and subsequently alternated between Amboy\\nand Burlington, occasionally meeting here, until it was perma-\\nnently located at Trenton. There is not a trace of the first public\\nbuildings of East Jersey, nor does even tradition point out the place\\non which they stood.*\\nThe first inhabitants of this town formed a mixed population,\\nmade up of emigrants from New England, England, Long Island,\\nand Scotland. It is easily inferred that Puritan influence predomi-\\nnated in the first colonial legislature, as we find some of the chief\\nfeatures of the Puritan code transferred to the statute-book of New\\nJersey. We infer that, in religious sentiments, the first inhabitants\\nof this town were mainly Presbyterians, or Congregationalists, from\\nthe fact that they were mainly from the places above mentioned, and\\nthat much of the emigration from England then was caused by the\\nintolerance of the established church.\\nThe First Presbyterian congregation here is the oldest in the\\ntown indeed, it is the oldest in the state organized for the worship\\nof God, in the English language. It dates its existence from 1666\\nor 1667. When the old church, in which the congregation wor-\\nshipped, was erected, is uncertain. Its ancient and venerable ap-\\npearance is yet remembered, by many of the old inhabitants. It\\nstood where the First church now stands, and, fired by the torch of\\na refugee, it was burned on the 25th of Jan., 1780. The present\\ncommanding and noble superstructure was commenced immediately\\non the close of the war of the revolution, and was completed un-\\nder the ministry of Mr. Austin, in 1791 or 1792. During the revo-\\nlutionary war, this town was greatly harassed by the enemy, and\\nthis congregation suffered severely. After their church was burnt,\\nthey for some time worshipped in a large storehouse, fitted up for\\nthe purpose.\\nThe following, as far as known, are the names of the ministers\\nwho have served in this church, down to the present day:\\nFrom a communication by the Rev. Dr. Murray, of Elizabethtown.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "ESSEX COUNTY. 161\\nSettled. Removed by death or dismission.\\nRev. John Harriman Oct. 1, 1687 1704, died.\\nMelyne June 1, 1704\\nJonathan Dickenson 1707 or 1708 October 7, 1747, died.\\nEliliu. Spencer, D. D (About) 1748 -dismissed.\\nAbraham Kettletas Sept. 14,1757 1759, dismissed.\\nJames Caldwell Decern., 1761 Nov r 24, 1781, died.\\nWilliam Linn, D. D Junel4, 1786 Nov r 1, 1786, dismissed.\\nDavid Austin Sept. 9, 1788 May 4, 1797, dismissed.\\nJohn Giles June24,1800 Oct r 7, 1800, dismissed.\\nHenry Kollock, D. D Dec. 10, 1800 Dec r 21, 1803, dismissed.\\nJohn M Dowell, D. D Dec.26, 1804 May 1833.\\nNicholas Murray, D. D July23, X833.\\nThe College of New Jersey, now one of the most flourishing in\\nthe Union, was chartered by John Hamilton, acting governor, in\\n1746 and was commenced in this town, under the direction of the\\nRev. Jonathan Dickenson, its first president. An old academy,\\nwhich stood where the lecture-room of the First Presbyterian\\nchurch now stands, and which was burned down during the war\\nof the revolution, contained the first recitation-rooms of the first\\nclasses ever attached to the College of New Jersey. That college\\nwas brought into existence mainly through the influence of Mr.\\nDickenson but he was spared to preside over its interests only one\\nyear.\\nThe next oldest congregation in the town is the Episcopal. It\\nwas organized in 1704, by the Rev. Mr. Brook, a missionary of the\\nSociety for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts. The found-\\nations of the church edifice were laid in 1706, since which it has\\nbeen twice enlarged and it is now a neat, though a comparatively\\nsmall building. Its first rector, Rev. Mr. Brook, died in 1707. In\\na few years he was succeeded by Rev. Mr. Vaughn, who died in\\n1747, after a ministry in it of thirty-eight years. He was succeed-\\ned by Rev. Mr. Wood, and he again by Rev. Dr. Chandler, who\\ncontinued its rector for forty years, and died in 1790. He was suc-\\nceeded by Mr. Spagg, who died in 1794. Mr. Rayner was elected\\nhis successor, who remained here till 1801. He was succeeded by\\nDr. Beasley, who left the parish in 1803 and was succeeded by Mr-\\nLilly, who retired in 1805. Dr. Rudd became rector in 1805, and\\nretired in 1826. The Rev. Mr. Pyne was elected in 1826, and re-\\ntired in 1828. Rev. Mr. Noble was elected in 1829, and retired i\u00c2\u00bb\\n1833. The present rector, Rev. R. C. Moore, was settled in 1834.\\nThe Second Presbyterian church was organized in 1819, and its\\nfirst and present minister is the Rev. Dr. Magie.\\nThe Methodist church was first organized in 1785. The Rev-\\nThomas Morrell, one of the fathers of the Methodist church in\\nAmerica, preached for many years at Elizabethtown. He was a\\nmajor in the revolutionary army, and distinguished himself on va 7\\nrious occasions. In June, 1786, he began to preach as a local\\npreacher at this place, and in the following year commenced riding\\nas a travelling preacher. He was a man of great energy, and fer-\\nvent piety. He died here in 1838, in the 91st year of his age.\\n21", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "1G2\\nESSEX COUNTY.\\nFacsimile of Gov. Livingston s Signature\\nView of the Livingston Mansion, ElizabetJttown.\\nThe above is a representation of the Mansion House formerly\\nthe seat of William Livingston, LL. D., Gov. of New Jersey, and a\\nsigner of the Declaration of Independence. This house, now the\\nresidence of John Kean, Esq., is situated about a mile northward of\\nthe village. Gov. Livingston\\nwas descended from a Scotch\\nfamily which settled in the city\\nof New York, (where he was\\nborn, about the year 1723,) and\\nwas graduated at Yale College in 1741. He afterwards be-\\ncame a distinguished lawyer, and, upon his removal to New Jer-\\nsey, was chosen a member of the first congress in 1774 having\\npreviously signalized himself by his writings against the encroach-\\nments of Britain. When the inhabitants of New Jersey had de-\\nposed Gov. Franklin, and formed a new constitution, in July, 1776,\\nMr. Livingston was elected their first governor, and continued to\\nbe annually re-elected till his death. He was a delegate to the\\nconvention which formed the Constitution of the United States.\\nHe died at his seat in Elizabethtown, July 25th, 1790. Gov. Liv-\\ningston was, from his youth, remarkably plain and simple in his\\ndress and manners, and, in the opinion of his Christian friends, sin-\\ncerely pious. Besides his political writings, he was the author of\\nvarious essays upon miscellaneous topics. His poem, entitled\\nPhilosophic Solitude, or the Choice of a Rural Life, was published\\nin 1747, when he was about 24 years of age. The following lines\\nare extracted from it\\nLet ardent heroes seek renown in arms,\\nPant after fame, and rush to war s alarms\\nTo shining palaces let fools resort,\\nAnd dunces cringe to be esteem d at court\\nMine be the pleasures of a rural life,\\nFrom noise remote, and ignorant of strife\\nFar from the painted belle, and white-gloved beau,", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "ESSEX COUNTY. 1G3\\nThe lawless masquerade, and midnight show,\\nFrom ladies, lap-dogs, courtiers, garters, stars,\\nFops, fiddlers, tyrants, emperors, and czars.\\nFull in the centre of some shady grove,\\nBy nature form d for solitude and love,\\nOn banks array d with ever-blooming flowers,\\nNear beauteous landscapes, or by roseate bowers,\\nMy neat, but simple mansion would I raise,\\nUnlike the sumptuous domes of modern days,\\nDevoid of pomp, with rural plainness form d,\\nWith savage game and glossy shells adorn d.\\nNo trumpets there with martial clangor sound\\nNo prostrate heroes strew the crimson d ground;\\nNo groves of lances glitter in the air,\\nNor thundering drums provoke the sanguine war\\nBut white-robed peace and universal love\\nSmile in the field, and brighten every grove.\\nOft would I wander through the dewy field,\\nWhere clustering roses balmy fragrance yield\\nOr, in lone grots for contemplation made,\\nConverse with angels and the mighty dead\\nFor all around unnumber d spirits fly,\\nWaft on the breeze, or walk the liquid sky\\nInspire the poet with repeated dreams,\\nWho gives his hallow d muse to sacred themes\\nProtect the just, serene their gloomy hours,\\nBecalm their slumbers, and refresh their powers.\\nAnd when with age thy head is silver d o er,\\nAnd, cold in death, thy bosom beats no more,\\nThy soul, exulting, shall desert its clay,\\nAnd mount triumphant to eternal day.\\nThe following extracts from ancient newspapers will throw light\\non the history of the times\\nCounty of Essex, State of New Jersey.\\nPersonally appeared before me, Isaac Woodruff, one of the judges of the inferior courts\\nfor said county, Ephraim Marsh, Jun., of said county, of full age, and, being duly\\nsworn, deposeth and saith, that some time in February past, he, this deponent, was on\\nStaten Island, in company with Cortlandt Skinner, William Luce, and Philip Van Cort-\\nland, who are all, or have been said to be, officers in the British service and that the\\nsaid Cortlandt Skinner, who is called Gen. Skinner, asked him, the said deponent, if he\\nknew where that d- d old rascal Gov. Livingston was, (meaning the governor of the\\nstate of New Jersey and the said Cortlandt Skinner further said unto the s d deponent,\\nthat if he would bring over that old d -d rascal, (meaning the governor aforesaid,)\\nthat it would make his fortune forever, for the minute that he was delivered on Staten\\nIsland, he, the said deponent, should receive two thousand guineas, and a pension from\\nthe crown of Great Britain during life. The same words were repeated by William Luce\\nand Philip Van Cortland, who further said, that if he, the said deponent, would take\\nhis life, (meaning the life of the governor aforesaid,) it would answer the purpose. The\\nsaid deponent further saith, that on the 24th day of May now last past, he was again on\\nStaten Island, and in company with one certain Buskirk, who is said to be a colonel in\\nthe British service, who said to the said deponent that he was surprised that he, the said\\ndeponent, did not bring oft the governor of New Jersey, or take his life, as that would\\nbe the means of putting an end to the rebellion and, as soon as either was performed,\\nthe person that did it should receive two thousand guineas for their services. And further\\nthis deponent saith not.\\nEPHRAIM MARSH, Jun.\\nSworn before me this 19th of June,\\nIsaac Woodruff\\n1778. I\\nIFF.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "164 ESSEX COUNTY.\\nThe following correspondence between Gov. Livingston and\\nGen. Sir Henry Clinton is in a strain of amusing sarcasm and re-\\ntort\\nGov. Livingston to Gen. Clinton.\\nElizabethtown, March 29th, 1779.\\nSir I beg leave to acquaint you that I am possessed of the most authentic proofs of\\na general officer under your command having offered a large sum of money to an inhabit-\\nant of this state to assassinate me, in case he could not take me alive. This, sir, is so\\nrepugnant to the character which I have hitherto formed of Sir Henry Clinton, that I\\nthink it highly improbable you should either countenance, connive at, or be privy to, a\\ndesign so sanguinary and disgraceful. Taking it, however, for granted, that you are a\\ngentleman of too much spirit to disown any thing you think proper to abet, I give you\\nthis opportunity of disavowing such dark proceedings, if undertaken without your appro-\\nbation, assuring you, at the same time, that if countenanced by you, your person is more\\nin my power than I have reason to think you imagine. I have the honor to be, with all\\ndue respect, your excellency s most humble servant.\\nWILLIAM LIVINGSTON.\\nGen. Sir Henry Clinton.\\nGen. Clinton s Reply.\\nNew York, April 10th, 1779.\\nSir As you address me on a grave subject, (no less than life and death, and your\\nown person concerned,) I condescend to answer you but must not be troubled with any\\nfurther correspondence with Mr. Livingston.\\nHad I a soul capable of harboring so infamous an idea as assassination, you, sir, at\\nleast, would have nothing to fear for, be assured, I should not blacken myself with so\\nfoul a crime to obtain so trifling an end.\\nSensible of the power you boast, (of being able to dispose of my life, by means of in-\\ntimates of yours, ready to murder at your command,) I can only congratulate you on\\nyour amiable connections, and acknowledge myself your most humble servant.\\nH. CLINTON.\\nWilliam Livingston, Esq., New Jersey.\\nGov. Livingston, in a somewhat lengthy reply to the above, thus\\napologizes for answering But by the laws of England, sir, (the\\nbest of which we intend to adopt, leaving the rest to our old friends\\nof the realm.) he who opens a cause hath the privilege of conclu-\\nding it. The governor then goes on to state, in a sarcastic man-\\nner, the wonderful condescension of Sir Henry in deigning to an-\\nswer his epistle. After some further remark in relation to his\\ncapability of harboring so infamous an idea as assassination, he\\nsays How trifling an end soever you may suppose would be ob-\\ntained by my assassination, you certainly thought my capture, not\\nlong since, important enough to make me a principal object of\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0what was, in a literal sense, a very dirty expedition. The letter\\nconcludes with the following paragraph\\nAs to your must not be troubled with any further correspondence with Mr. Living-\\nston, believe me, sir, that I have not the least passion for interrupting your more useful\\ncorrespondence with the British ministry, by which the nation will doubtless be great-\\nly edified, and which will probably furnish materials for the most authentic history of the\\npresent war, and that you cannot be less ambitious of my correspondence than I am\\nof yours because whatever improvement I might hope to receive from you in the art\\nof war, (and especially in the particular branches of conducting moonlight retreats* and\\nIn Sir Henry Clinton s account of his retreat at Monmouth, he states that he took\\nadvantage of the moonlight, when, in reality, it took place several hours after the moon\\nhad set.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "ESSEX COUNTY. 165\\nplanning secret expeditions,*) I should not expect, from our correspondence, any con-\\nsiderable edification or refinement in the epistolary way. I am, therefore, extremely\\nwilling to terminate it, by wishing you a safe voyage across the Atlantic, with the sin-\\ngular glory of having attempted to reduce to bondage a people determined to be free and\\nindependent.\\nExtract of a letter from Gen. Washington to congress, dated\\nHead Quarters, Middlebrook, Feb. 26, 1779\\nYesterday morning a detachment of the enemy, from Staten Island, made an at-\\ntempt to surprise the post at Elizabeth Town. On receiving information of it, Gen. St.\\nClair, with the Pennsylvania division, and Gen. Smallwood, with the Maryland division,\\nwere put in motion, by different routes, to form a junction at the Scotch Plains, and pro-\\nceed to reinforce Gen. Maxwell, and act as circumstances should require. Intelligence\\nof the sudden retreat of the enemy occasioned their recall before they had advanced far.\\nThe enclosed copy of a letter from Gen. Maxwell, will furnish all the particulars I have\\nreceived of this fruitless excursion.\\nExtract of a letter from Brigadier Gen. Maxwell to Gen. Wash-\\nington, dated Elizabethtown, Feb. 25, 1779\\nSir The enemy attempted a surprise this morning. They disembarked about 3\\no clock, at which time Col. Ogden, officer of the day, obtained information and con-\\nveyed it to me. Their landing was made on our left, as it appeared the most unsuspect-\\ned part, being a very difficult marsh.\\nNot knowing their design or numbers, after assembling the troops I marched them to\\nthe rear of the town, that they might not turn our left flank or gain our rear. When\\ndaylight ensued, we pressed upon the enemy, who were then retiring to their boats. In\\nthe pursuit, many of them were killed, and some others fell into our hands.\\nDuring our absence from the town they collected a number of cattle and horses, which,\\nupon our advancing, fell into our hands. They returned by the same difficult and almost\\ninaccessible marsh, or salt meadow. Cols. Dayton, Ogden, and Barber, with select and\\ndifferent detachments, pursued them but the quickness of their embarkation, added to\\nthe difficulty of the marsh, prevented any other success than capturing one of their\\nboats, with the hands.\\nOur loss, I think, does not amount to more than three or four men. Major Ogden,\\nwho first reconnoitred the enemy, received a sudden wound by a bayonet but, it is\\nhoped, not dangerous. The militia assembled, on this occasion, with the utmost alacri-\\nty, and, with Col. Shrieve, from Newark, having early taken the alarm, marched imme-\\ndiately to our support. The enemy s design and expectation, by this movement, was\\nundoubtedly a complete surprise, in which, I am happy to acquaint your excellency,\\nthey were as completely disappointed.\\nThe following letter, dated September 8th, 1776, was addressed\\nby Mr. Cavelier Jouet, of Elizabethtown, to the president of the\\nconvention of New Jersey. He was one of those unfortunate per-\\nsons arrested on suspicion of being inimical to the cause of his\\ncountry. He was ordered by the convention to reside at Basking\\nRidge, confining himself within a circle of four miles of that place.\\nThis letter is written for the purpose of obtaining release, so as to\\nattend to his family, who were residents of Elizabethtown, and\\nliable to suffer from incursions of the enemy\\nSir I presume to approach you without the ceremony of a formal introduction, by\\nslow advances, in studied phrases, and flattering circumlocutious cant. I am a plain,\\nand, I trust, however misrepresented, an honest man, who has never sought the ruin of\\nhis country by insidiously endeavoring to sap the foundation of its liberties so much as\\nattempting to interrupt its peace and quiet under any pretences whatever. As such, I\\nthink it needless to trouble you with any complimentary strains, either upon your private\\nAll of his many secret expeditions were singularly unsuccessful, evincing a want\\nof generalship.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "166 ESSEX COUNTY.\\ncharacter, (which though I have not the honor of a personal acquaintance with you\\nhas reached my ears,) or upon your discharge of the great public trust which has been\\nreposed in you nor yet to enter into any labored exculpation of myself from the cruel\\nsuspicions which have been so unjustly excited (to use no harsher terms) by the selfish\\nand unfeeling. If my intrusion, sir, for its plainness, should be deemed impertinent, you\\nwill, I hope, punish it only by neglect. The occasion of my addressing you is the un-\\nhappy situation my poor family are in, at Elizabethtown for as to myself, thank God,\\nmy afflictions are not yet greater than I can bear. Disagreeable as my state is, my phi-\\nlosophy is full equal to my sufferings. Whilst other gentlemen, who have always been\\nsuffered to act with more freedom than I dare make use of, were early making retreats\\nfor their families, I was cautious and wary of doing it, lest I should be stigmatized with\\nan intention of discouraging the populace by a show of moving, until, at last, my fam-\\nily are left in the centre of Elizabeth, subject to every alarm, and destitute of any place\\nof refuge to fly to, and deprived of any assistance from him to whom a weakly wife and\\nan infant family have been accustomed to look up. Mrs. Jouet has already, besides her\\nsufferings in common with others, sustained a very dangerous miscarriage, and is left\\nin so weakly a state, that it is much out of her power to exert herself, in the manner she\\nwould otherwise do, to get a place for the family and, whilst I am restricted to the\\ncircle of four miles, it is not in my power to do any thing for her, as no accommodations\\nare to be had within that compass. The favor I would therefore request of you, sir, is\\nto grant me your good offices and influence to obtain an enlargement of my parole, by\\nwhich to afford Mrs. Jouet the needed assistance in procuring a place for our family. I\\nhumbly conceive, if my boundaries were extended anywhere above the Short Hills be-\\ntween Elizabeth and Passaic river, along the course of the Long Hill above Turkey, so\\nas not to come lower down than those heights, it would answer all imagined necessary\\npurposes to the country. This would afford some chance of procuring a settlement for\\nmy family. For I trust I need not more than hint to you the difficulty of procuring ac-\\ncommodations for a family at this juncture. However or in whatever way it may be the\\npleasure of the convention to grant me an enlargement, and relieve Mrs. Jouet from her\\ndifficulties, it will be gratefully received by, sir, your very humble servant,\\nCavelikr Jouet.\\nOn Tuesday night, the 27th ult., (April, 1781,) about 200 regulars and refugees from\\nStaten Island, under the command of Maj. Beckwith, who had eluded, by circuitous\\nroutes, the vigilance of the different patroles, entered Elizabethtown in four divisions\\nwhere they captured ten of the inhabitants, one lieutenant and three privates of the state\\ntroops, and two continental soldiers. They stayed about an hour and a half in town,\\nand then retreated, with the loss of one man killed and another taken prisoner. They\\nplundered the house of Mr. Joseph Crane to a very considerable amount.\\nFrom Rivington s Royal Gazette, Jan. 29, 1780.\\nOn Tuesday night, the 25th inst., the rebel press at Elizabethtown were completely\\nsurprised and carried off by different detachments of the king s troops.\\nLieut. Col. Buskirk s detachment, consisting of about 120 men from the 1st and 4th\\nbattalions of Brig. Gen. Skinner s brigade, with 12 dragoons under the command of\\nLieut. Stuart, moved from Staten Island early in the night, and got into Elizabethtown\\nwithout being discovered, between the hours of 10 and 11. With little resistance, they\\nmade prisoners 2 majors, 3 captains, and 47 privates, among whom were 5 dragoons,\\nwith their horses, arms, and accoutrements. Few of the rebels were killed, but several\\nwere wounded by the dragoons, though they afterwards escaped.\\nMaj. Lumm, of the 44th regiment, marched from Powles Hook about 8 at night,\\nhaving under his command the flank companies of that regiment, with detachments\\nfrom the 42d Anspach and Hessian corps in garrison in this city, and, passing the rebel\\npatrols upon the banks of the Passaic, reached the town of Newark, unperceived by the\\nenemy, about an hour later than Col. Buskirk s arrival at Elizabethtown. Small parties\\nwere instantly posted to guard the principal avenues to the town, and Maj. Lumm seized\\npossession of the academy, which the rebels had converted into a barrack. A moment-\\nary defence being attempted, seven or eight of the enemy were killed. The remainder,\\nconsisting of 34 non-commissioned officers and private men, were taken prisoners, as\\nwere likewise a rebel magistrate, remarkable for his persecuting spirit, and another in-\\nhabitant. The captain who commanded in Newark made his escape. The Lieut, is\\nsaid to be killed.\\nThe services were performed without loss. The following are the names of some of\\nthe rebel officers brought to town on Thursday last, from Newark Joseph Haddon, a", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "ESSEX COUNTY. 167\\nmagistrate, and commissioner for the sale of the loyalists estates in New Jersey Mr.\\nRobert Nott, an acting commissary. From Elizabethtown Maj. Eccles, of the 5th\\nMaryland regiment Col. Belt, of the 4th regiment, from Prince George co. Mr. B.\\nSmith, son of Peartise Smith Maj. Williamson and his brother.\\nThe following biographical sketches of Rev. Jonathan Dicken-\\nson and Rev. James Caldwell, are extracted from memoirs recently\\npublished in the New York Observer\\nJonathan Dickenson was born in Hatfield, Mass., April 22d, 1688. He was gradua-\\nted at Yale College in 1706. Where, or with whom he studied divinity, is now unknown\\nbut in the year 1707 or 1708, and when he was about twenty-one years of age, he be-\\ncame pastor of the First Presbyterian church of Elizabethtown, N. J., of which he was\\nfor forty years the devoted and beloved pastor.\\nA controversy which had existed for some time in the synod of Philadelphia, then\\nrepresenting the whole Presbyterian church in the provinces, resulted in dividing that\\nsynod into two parts in 1741, which were thereafter known as the synods of New York\\nand Philadelphia. From the time of their separation each made strong exertions to edu-\\ncate youth for the ministry, with the mingled purpose of raising the standard of minis-\\nterial education, and of strengthening their party. New Jersey went nearly unanimously\\nwith the synod of New York and as the Presbyterian church was much stronger there\\nthan in New York, it was determined if possible to establish a college, and to locate it\\nin New Jersey. Dickenson was the leader of his party in the old synod of Philadelphia\\nand, after the separation, was the leading man in the synod of New York. He it was,\\nno doubt, that gave being and shape to the deliberations that resulted in the creation of\\nthe College of New Jersey. He had been for several years a very successful and popu-\\nlar teacher of young men and when the institution was resolved upon, every eye turned\\nto him as the best qualified to lay its foundations, and to superintend its concerns. A\\ncharter for the college was sought, and granted by John Hamilton, who acted as gover-\\nnor, (being the oldest member of council,) between the death of Gov. Morris, in May,\\n1746, and the induction of Gov. Belcher in 1747. The college thus founded was com-\\nmenced in Elizabethtown, and Mr. Dickenson was chosen its first president. It is now\\nin a very flourishing state, with an able and extended faculty, with numerous buildings\\nand students but then, with the exception of an usher, the president was the only\\nteacher, and the number of students was about twenty, who boarded with the president\\nand with other families in the town. An old academy, which stood where the lecture-\\nroom of the First Presbyterian church in that town now stands, and which was burned\\ndown during the war of the revolution, contained the first recitation-room of the first\\nclasses ever attached to the New Jersey College. Although brought into existence\\nthrough the energy and influence of Dickenson, he was spared to act as its president\\nbut one year, as he died Oct. 7, 1747. The students were then removed to Newark, and\\nplaced under the care of the Rev. Aaron Burr, who was elected to succeed Dickenson-;\\nand in 1757, when about seventy in number, they were removed to Princeton, where the\\nfirst college edifice was erected, and which, in honor of William III. of England, prince\\nof Orange and Nassau, the assertor of Protestant liberty, was called Nassau Hall. This\\ngreat and good man died of pleurisy in the 60th year of his age, though not full of years,\\nyet full of honors.\\nThe first Presbyterian parish of Elizabethtown is now a very large one but when\\nunder the care of Dickenson, it embraced Rahway, Westfield, Connecticut Farms, and\\nSpringfield. Over this extensive field the pastoral labors of Dickenson were scattered.\\nAnd while a most laborious and faithful pastor, he was one of the most accomplished\\nteachers of his day. He was compelled by the smallness of his salary to cultivate a\\nfarm, which he managed both with skill and profit. He was also a physician, possess-\\ning a large practice, and obtained a considerable medical reputation. He was also an\\nardent controvertist, and wrote largely on the Arminian and Episcopal controversies.\\nMr. Dickenson left behind him three daughters. One of them married a Mr. Sar-\\ngeant, of Princeton, N. J., of whom the Hon. John Sargeant, of Philadelphia, is a de-\\nscendant. Another married the Rev. Caleb Smith, of Newark mountains, now called\\nOrange, and the other became the wife of a Mr. John Cooper.\\nIt is stated that Mr. Dickenson and the Rev. Mr. Vaughn, rector of the Episcopal\\nchurch, entered Elizabethtown on the same day and after living forty years together,\\nand serving their churches as pastors, that they died on the same day. Although con-\\ntroversy was at times very high between them, they never permitted it to embitter their", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "168 ESSEX COUNTY.\\nfeelings, or to interrupt their personal intercourse. Dickenson died about three hours\\nbefore Mr. Vaughn. It was told to Mr. Vaughn in his dying hour that Dickenson was\\nno more. And among the last words that he was ever heard to utter, were these Oh,\\nthat I had hold of the skirts of brother Jonathan\\nRev. James Caldwell. We learn from some of his descendants, of whom there are\\nvery many, that his family was of French origin. Driven from their country by the\\nfierce persecution against the Huguenots, they went over to Scotland. In the reign of\\nJames I., a branch of the family emigrated to Ireland, and settled in the county of An-\\ntrim. From this branch John Caldwell was descended, who came to this country, bring,\\ning with him, besides his wife and children, four single sisters. He first settled in Lan-\\ncaster co., Pa., but soon removed to a settlement called Cub creek, in what is now Char-\\nlotte co., Va. There James was born, the youngest of seven children. At the age of\\nfifteen he was sent to Princeton College, where he graduated in 1759. In about a year\\nafterwards he was licensed to preach the gospel and whilst the dew of his youth was\\nyet upon him, he was ordained and installed pastor of the First Presbyterian church of\\nElizabethtown, N. J., in December, 1761. On the 14th of March, 1763, he was mar-\\nried to Miss Hannah Ogden, of Newark, who was, in every respect, a help-meet for him.\\nBy her cheerful piety and unshaken fortitude she sustained and comforted him amid the\\nmany dark and trying scenes through which he was called to pass.\\nShortly after his settlement, those differences between the colonies and Great Britain\\ncommenced, which resulted in the war of the revolution, and subsequently in the inde-\\npendence of these United States. Descended from the Huguenots, he early learned the\\nstory of their wrongs, and may be said to have inherited a feeling of opposition to tyr-\\nanny and tyrants. Possessing warm feelings, and fine genius, and great muscular en-\\nergy, he entered with all his heart into the controversy. He was elected chaplain of\\nthose portions of the American army that successively occupied New Jersey. He ac-\\ncompanied, in that capacity, the Jersey brigade to the northern lines and such was the\\nconfidence reposed in his skill and energy, that on his return he was made commissary.\\nHe was high in the confidence of Washington, with whom he was on the most intimate\\nterms of friendship and in times of gloom and despondency, by his eloquent and pa-\\ntriotic appeals, contributed much to sustain and excite the spirits of both officers and\\nsoldiers. No man in New Jersey contributed so much to give direction and energy to\\nthe movements of her citizens. His popularity with the soldiers and people was un-\\nbounded, and his practical wisdom was held in the highest estimation.\\nBut the very things that made him popular with the friends of his country rendered\\nhim odious to its enemies. And to avoid the dangers to which he was constantly ex-\\nposed from the tories and the enemy, then in possession of New York and Staten Island,\\nhe was compelled to remove his residence to Connecticut Farms, about four miles from\\nElizabethtown, where he resided until the day of his murder.\\nHe was sustained in his political action by his large congregation, and with scarcely\\na single exception. The church in which he preached was yielded as an hospital for the\\nsick, and disabled, and wounded soldiers its steeple was the watch-tower, and its bell\\nit was that sent out the notes of alarm on the approach of the foe. In vengeance on\\npastor and people, the church was fired on the 25th of Jan., 1780, by a refugee called\\nHetfield, whose malignant wickedness will never be forgotten by the residents of East\\nJerse) On the 25th of the following June, whilst Gen. Knyphausen was on his way to\\nSpringfield, Mrs. Caldwell was shot at Connecticut Farms, by a refugee, through the\\nwindow of a room to which she had retired with her children for safety and prayer two\\nballs passing through her body. Her lifeless and bleeding body being laid in the open\\nstreet, the building was fired, and soon the little village was laid in ashes. And on the\\n24th of Nov., 1781, Mr. Caldwell himself was shot at Elizabethtown-point, whither he\\nhad gone for a young lady who had come under the protection of a flag of truce from\\nNew York. Taking in his hand a little bundle, containing some articles of her clothing,\\nhe was commanded by the sentinel to stop which he hesitating to do, was shot by the\\nruffian through the heart. His corpse was conveyed to the house of Mrs. Noel, at\\nElizabethtown, his unwavering friend, whence it was buried Dr. McWhorter, of New-\\nark, preaching the funeral sermon from Eccl. viii. 8. He must have died in about the\\n40th year of his age, leaving a name as dear to the country as to the church of Jesus\\nChrist. Thus in less than two years the congregation which he served was bereft of\\nits church, and of the inestimable wife of the pastor, and of the pastor himself. And\\nas a proof of the estimation in which he was held, his name was given to one of the\\ntowns of Essex co., N. J.\\nMr. Caldwell was shot late on Saturday afternoon, and many of the people were ig-", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "ESSEX COUNTY. 169\\nnorant of the tragical deed until they came to church on the Sabbath. And instead of\\nsitting with delight under his instructions, there was a loud cry of wailing over his melan.\\ncholy end. On the following Tuesday, there was a vast concourse assembled to convey\\nhis remains to the tomb. After the services were ended, the corpse was placed where\\nall might take a last view of their murdered pastor. Before the closing of the coffin,\\nDr. Elias Boudinot came forward, leading a group of nine orphan children, and placing\\nthem around the bier of their parent, made an address of touching eloquence to the mul-\\ntitude in their behalf. It was an hour of deep and powerful emotion. The procession\\nslowly moved to the grave, weeping as they went. And as they lifted their streaming\\neyes to heaven, they besought the blessings of God upon the fatherless and motherless\\nchildren, and his kind interference to crown with success their efforts against their op-\\npressors.\\nSo deep was the impression made by this man upon the minds of the youth of his\\ncharge, that after a lapse of sixty years their recollections of him are of the most vivid\\ncharacter. His dress, appearance, conversation, manner of preaching, texts, are as fresh\\nin their minds as things of yesterday. And with a singular unanimity they agree in the\\nfollowing description of him. He was of the middle size, and strongly built. His coun-\\ntenance had a pensive, placid cast, but when excited was exceedingly expressive of reso-\\nlution and energy. His voice was sweet and pleasant, but at the same time so strong,\\nthat he could make himself heard above the notes of the drum and the fife. As a\\npreacher he was uncommonly eloquent and pathetic, rarely preaching without weeping\\nhimself and at times he would melt his whole audience into tears. He was among\\nthe most active of men, and seemed never wearied by any amount of bodily or mental\\nlabor. Feelings of the most glowing patriotism and of the most fervent piety possessed\\nhis bosom at the same time, without the one interfering with the other. He was one\\nday preaching to the battalion the next marching with them to battle, and, if defeated,\\nassisting to conduct their retreat and the next administering the consolations of the\\ngospel to some dying parishioner. His people were most ardently attached to him, and\\nthe army adored him. Let his name be held in perpetual remembrance.\\nHe was shot by a man called Morgan, who was tried and found guilty of murder. It\\nwas proved on his trial that he was bribed to the murderous deed. He was hung, giv-\\ning signs of the most obdurate villany to the last. The day of his execution was in-\\ntensely cold and a little delay taking place under the gallows, he thus addressed the\\nexecutioner with an oath Do your duty, and don t keep me here shivering in the\\ncold The place of his execution is about half a mile north of the church in West-\\nfield, and is called Morgan s Hill to this day.\\nMr. Caldwell left behind him nine children, all young, with but little provision to sus-\\ntain or educate them. But the Lord took them up, and raised up friends to protect and\\neducate them. They all lived, not only to become members of the church of Christ,\\nbut to fill places of distinguished honor and usefulness. And down to the present day\\nthe rain and dew of the Spirit are descending upon the third and fourth generations of\\nhis offspring.\\nMargaret, the oldest child, became the wife of Isaac Canfield, of Morristown, and was\\nlong known as a mother in Israel.\\nHannah became the wife of James R. Smith, for many years a distinguished mer-\\nchant of New York, and subsequently the wife of Dr. Rogers.\\nJohn E. was taken by La Fayette to France, where he was educated. For many\\nyears he was a distinguished philanthropist of New York was the editor of the Chris-\\ntian Herald, one of the first religious periodicals of the country, and did as much as any\\nother man in laying the foundation of the American Bible Society.\\nJames B. was for many years a judge of the courts of Gloucester co., and died in\\nWoodbury.\\nEsther became the wife of the late Rev. Dr. Finley, of Baskenridge, afterwards the\\npresident of Athens College, Georgia, whom she yet survives.\\nJosiah F. is now a resident of Washington city, and an officer in the general post-\\noffice.\\nElias B. was for some years the clerk of the supreme court of the United States, and\\nbecause of his distinguished efforts in the cause of colonization, one of the towns of Li-\\nberia in Africa is called Caldwell in honor of him.\\nSarah became the wife of the Rev. John S. Vredenburgh, for many years a useful and\\nbeloved pastor of the Reformed Dutch church of Somerville.\\nMaria, who lay in her mother s bosom when she was shot, married Robert S. Robin-\\nson, of New York, who, with her husband, still survives.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "170 ESSEX COUNTY.\\nThe following historical items are embodied in a petition pre-\\nsented to Congress in 1840, by the Trustees of the First Presby-\\nterian Church, praying for indemnification for property destroyed\\nin the Revolutionary War.\\nThe church of which we are now the ecclesiastical and corporate officers, is the old-\\nest formed by the English in our State. It dates its origin from the year 1664, and\\nwas organized by our fathers soon after the settlement of our town. They, in the in-\\nfancy of our community, erected a building for the worship of God, and dedicated it to\\nthat holy purpose and for nearly fifty years it was here the only temple consecrated to\\nthe service of Jehovah. Considering the time and circumstances of its erection, it was\\nlarge and commodious. As the population increased, it was enlarged by an addition ot\\n20 feet in 1760 when it was a substantial building, with galleries, a high steeple, a\\nbell, and a town clock. And as this was the chief town for many years in the province,\\nit was always kept with great neatness, and in a fine state of repair.\\nOn the first settlement of our town, a large town-lot was set apart for the use of the\\npastor, on which our fathers early erected a parsonage-house as a residence for their\\nsuccessive ministers. It was a long building, a story and a half high, and ample for\\nthe accommodation of a large family. It was, like the church, the public property of\\nthe congregation.\\nFeeling a deep solicitude for the education of their children, our fathers, at a very\\nearly day in our history, here erected an academy. It was substantially built of wood,\\ntwo stories high, and amply commodious for all the purposes of its erection. For\\nmany years it was the most celebrated institution of the kind west of the Hudson. In\\nit a Burr, who once filled the chair of President in your Senate Chamber, and a Jona-\\nthan Dayton, who presided in the House of Representatives, an Aaron Ogden, a Ste-\\nphen Van Rensselaer, and others not unknown to your council chambers, nor to their\\ncountry, received the first rudiments of their education. In that academy were laid the\\nfoundations of the College of N. Jersey, now located in Princeton and within its walls\\nPresident Jonathan Dickenson taught the first classes ever connected with that institu-\\ntion. This also was the property, and was under the supervision of the trustees of our\\nchurch.\\nWhen the glorious war of our Revolution commenced, which resulted in our inde-\\npendence, these buildings were all standing and in good repair, and each devoted to the\\npurposes of its erection. The Rev. James Caldwell was then the pastor of this church.\\nHis name and his fame are interwoven with the history of his country, and are as dear\\nto the state as to the church of God. Influenced not less by his sense of our wrongs,\\nthan by the impulses of his vigorous mind and glowing enthusiasm, he became early\\nand deeply interested in the conflict, and devoted all his powers no less to the freedom\\nof his country than to the service of his God. Such was his influence over his people,\\nthat, with few exceptions, they became one with him in sentiment and feeling and\\nthenceforward he and they were branded as the rebel parson and parish. To the ene-\\nmies of his country he was an object of the deepest hatred and such was their known\\nthirst for his life, that, while preaching the gospel of peace to his people, he was com-\\npelled to lay his loaded pistols by his side in the pulpit. To avoid their vigilance and\\nviolence, he was compelled to desert his own home, with his large family of nine children,\\nand to seek a temporary residence in the interior. The parsonage thus vacated by him\\nbecame the resting-place of our soldiers. And to deprive them of its shelter, and to vent a\\nrankling enmity toward its rightful occupant, it was fired and burnt by the enemy.\\nThe church in which our fathers worshipped God, also became the resting-place of\\nour soldiers on several occasions. There they lodged after the labors of the day, while\\nits steeple was their watch-tower, and its bell pealed forth in quick succession the notes\\nof alarm on the approach of danger. And for the purpose of depriving them of its\\nshelter, and out of enmity to the patriotic and eloquent occupant of its pulpit, it was\\nreduced to ashes by the enemy, on the night of the 25th of January, 1780.\\nAt the sound of the tocsin of war our academy was deserted. At their country s\\ncall, its scholars ran from their masters, and with them to the rescue and it was con-\\nverted into a storehouse for the provisions of the American army. This, also, after\\nplundering it of its provisions, was reduced to ashes by the enemy, who immediately\\nretreated to their camp on Staten Island, carrying the beef and pork taken on the tops\\nof their bayonets.\\nAs a people, we suffered as much in the loss of our citizens in battle as any town of\\nthe same population in this land. The blood of our fathers and brothers and neighbors", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "ESSEX COUNTY. 171\\nmingles with the soil of Flatbush, and Monmouth, and Princeton, and Trenton, and\\nBrandywine, and Germantown. But for their sufferings and blood, we feel amply re-\\npaid in the possession of that broad inheritance of civil and religious liberty which they\\nso dearly purchased for us.\\nAs a congregation, we contributed our fair proportion to the civil and military service\\nof the Revolution. To the army we gave a Dayton, father and son, a Spencer,\\nan Ogden, and, as chaplain and commissary, our beloved Caldwell. To the state\\nand national councils we gave a Boudinot, a Livingston, a Clarke, a Dayton, an Og-\\nden. Where in our land is there another congregation which has made a like contri-\\nbution? And we feel not merely proud, but thankful to God, that we were enabled to\\nsend such men to the field and to the cabinet in the day of darkness and peril, when\\nwisdom to direct was as necessary as valor to execute.\\nOwing to our vicinity to Staten Island and New York city, the grand depots of the\\nenemy, we suffered very much as a people from midnight alarms and plunder, from the\\nburning of our houses and property, and from the taking of our citizens from their beds\\nand fields as prisoners, and incarcerating them in the famous sugar-house in New\\nYork. But these things we regard as necessarily incidental to the great contest and\\na few old Romans there are yet among us who remember the cup of wormwood, but\\nwho yet rejoice in sufferings that have resulted so gloriously.\\nFor these things we ask no remuneration. Congress could grant us no equivalent.\\nWe would not sell the laurels we have won in the Revolutionary contest for the public\\ndomain. We mention these things merely to show you the amount of our contribution\\nto the wisdom, and valor, and firmness, and suffering, which achieved our glorious in-\\ndependence.\\nAll that we desire now from our country is a compensation for our public property\\ndestroyed and destroyed because of being converted to public purposes for the benefit\\nof the American army. And the evidence that our parsonage, and church, and acad-\\nemy, were so used, is hereby respectfully submitted with this our memorial.\\nAnd such is our sense of honor, that we do not wish to draw from the national\\ntreasury the small compensation hereby solicited, unless it is considered rightfully our\\ndue. NICHOLAS MURRAY, Pastor.\\nThe following inscriptions are copied from monuments in the\\ngraveyard of the First Presbyterian church\\nHere lies the body of the Rev. Mr. Jonathan Dickenson, Pastor of the First Presby-\\nterian Church in Elizabeth Town, who died 7th October, 1747, a?tatis sua? 60.\\nDeep was the wound, O Death, and vastly wide,\\nWhen he resign d his useful breath, and died.\\nYe sacred tribes, with pious sorrows mourn,\\nAnd drop a tear at your great pastor s urn\\nConceal d a moment from our longing eyes,\\nBeneath this stone his mortal body lies\\nHappy the spirit lives, and will, we trust,\\nIn bliss associate with his pious dust.\\nSacred to the memory of the Rev. James Caldwell and Hannah his wife, who fell\\nvictims to their country s cause in the years 1780 and 1781. He was the zealous and\\nfaithful pastor of the Presbyterian Church in this town, where, by his evangelical labors\\nin the gospel vineyard, and his early attachment to the civil liberties of his country, he\\nhas left in the hearts of his people a better monument than brass or marble.\\nStop, Passenger\\nHere also lie the remains of a woman, who exhibited to the world a bright constella-\\ntion of the female virtues. On that memorable day, never to be forgotten, when a Brit-\\nish foe invaded this fair village, and fired even the temple of the Deity, this peaceful\\ndaughter of Heaven retired to her hallowed apartment, imploring Heaven for the pardon\\nof her enemies. In that sacred moment, she was, by the bloody hand of a British ruf-\\nfian, dispatched, like her divine Redeemer, through a path of blood, to her long-wished-\\nfor native skies.\\nSacred to the memory of General Matthias Ogden, who died on the 31st day of\\nMarch, 1791, aged 36 years. In him were united those various virtues of the soldier,\\nthe patriot, and the friend, which endear men to society. Distress failed not to find re-\\nlief in his bounty unfortunate men, a refuge in his generosity.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "172\\nESSEX COUNTY.\\nIf manly sense and dignity of mind,\\nIf social virtues, liberal and refined,\\nNipp d in their bloom, deserve compassion s tear,\\nThen, reader, weep for Ogden s dust lies here.\\nWeed his grave clean, ye men of genius, for he was your kinsman,\\nhis ashes, ye men of feeling, for he was your brother.\\nTread lightly on\\nIn memory of Maria, wife of Doct. Paul Micheau, who departed this life August\\n15th, 1793, aged 20 years, 9 mos. and 18 days.\\nClosed are those eyes in endless night,\\nNo more to beam with fond delight,\\nOr with affection roll\\nEternal silence seals that tongue\\nWhere sense and soft persuasion hung,\\nTo captivate the soul.\\nOh, she was all that thought could paint,\\nThe mortal rising to the saint,\\nIn every deed of life.\\nAt once, the fatal arrows end\\nThe fondest child, the kindest friend,\\nAnd most endearing wife.\\nFair as the break of op ning day,\\nCalm as the summer s evening ray,\\nTruth, virtue was her guide.\\nWhen sister spirits call d her hence,\\nObedience bow d at life s expense,\\nShe sigh d, she sunk, she died\\nImmortal saint supremely bright\\nLook down through skies of purest light,\\nAnd bid affliction cease.\\nOh, smooth thy husband s lonely bed,\\nIn visions hover round his head,\\nAnd hush his mind to peace.\\nSacred to the memory of Gen. William Crane, who died July 30th, 1814, aged 67\\nyears, one of the firmest patriots of the Revolution. In the darkest period of his\\ncountry s oppression and danger, he volunteered in her cause, and was wounded in her\\ndefence. Probity, benevolence, and patriotism characterized his life. He lived be-\\nloved, and died lamented. His sons have caused this monument, a faint tribute of\\ngratitude and affection, to be erected over his grave.\\nIn memory of Shepherd Kollock, Esq., an officer of the Revolution, who, after hav-\\ning aided in the establishment of the liberty of his country, and for many years filled\\nwith usefulness various civil stations, died in the full assurance of a glorious resurrec-\\ntion and blessed immortality, July 28th, 1839 aged 88 years.\\nThe two following inscriptions were copied from monuments in\\nthe graveyard of the Episcopal church\\nHere lieth the body of Peter Sonmans, Esq., one of ye Proprietors of this Province,\\nwho departed this life the 26th day of March, Annoque Domini 1734, in the 67th year\\nof his age.\\nSacred to the memory of John Chetwood, M. D., who died of cholera on the 13th of\\nAugust, 1832, in the 64th year of his age. He fell a victim to that untiring benevo-\\nlence which for more than 40 years marked his professional course. The meridian sun\\nfound him administering to the suffering poor its next morning beams fell upon Ins\\ngrave. Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy.\\nLIVINGSTON.\\nLivingston was formed a township in 1812. It is 5 miles long,\\nand 4| wide bounded N. by Caldwell, E. by Orange, S. by Spring-\\nfield, and W. by Chatham and Hanover, in Morris co. The sur-\\nface on the east is mountainous, elsewhere hilly, except on Passaic\\nriver, which forms its western boundary. There are in the town-\\nship 3 stores, 1 saw-mill; cap. in manufac. $9,515; 5 schools, 158\\nscholars. Pop. 1,081. Livingston, 10 miles west of Newark,\\nCenterville, Squiretown, and Northfield, are small settlements, at\\nthe latter of which is a Baptist church.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "ESSEX COUNTY 173\\nNEWARK.\\nThe town of Newark was settled in the month of May, 1666,\\nby emigrants from Connecticut. The first English settlement this\\nside the Hudson was commenced at Elizabethtown in 1664, two\\nyears previous. In August of the following year, Governor Car-\\nteret arrived, and sent agents into New England to publish the\\nconcessions or terms of the proprietors, and to invite settlers to\\nthe new colony. These terms were liberal and early in the suc-\\nceeding year (1666) agents were dispatched from Guilford, Bran-\\nford, and Milford, in Connecticut, to view the country, and to learn\\nmore particularly the terms of purchase, as well as the state of the\\nIndians in the vicinity. They returned with a favorable report\\nespecially of the district beyond the marshes, lying to the north\\nof Elizabethtown and were forthwith sent back with power to\\nbargain for a township, to select a proper site for a town, and to\\nmake arrangements for an immediate settlement. To the good\\njudgment of these individuals, who were Captain Robert Treat,\\nJohn Curtis, Jasper Crane, and John Treat, are we indebted for\\nthe plan of our town our wide main streets, (the only ones then\\nlaid out,) and .the beauty and extent of our public squares.\\nThese preliminaries being arranged, thirty families from the\\nabove towns, and New Haven, embarked under the guidance of\\nthe exploring agents, and after a passage as long and tedious as a\\nvoyage at this time across the Atlantic, arrived in the Passaic\\nriver early in the month of May. At this point, however, their\\nprogress was impeded. The Hackensack tribe of Indians, who\\nclaimed the soil granted to the agents of the emigrants by the\\ngovernor, met them here, and opposed their landing, until full\\ncompensation should be made to them.\\nThe manner in which this difficulty was disposed of, is set forth\\nat large in an affidavit by Capt. Robt. Treat, dated March 13th,\\n1687, which we find among the documents accompanying the long\\nBill in the Chancery of New Jersey, filed in April, 1746, by\\nJames Alexander, at the suit of John Earl of Stair, and other\\nclaimants under Carteret and Berkely, against certain settlers in\\nElizabethtown, for the recovery of the lands in that vicinity.\\nThis bill* recites at great length the history of the English settle-\\nments in East Jersey. The affidavit which may be found on\\npage 118 of the bill contains the following interesting narrative.\\nAfter setting forth that he was then, at the date of the affidavit,\\nabout 64 years of age, and was one of the company that first\\nsettled at Newark, Capt. Treat proceeds:\\nThat from my discourse and treatise with the governor, I expected that he would\\nhave cleared the plantation from all claims and incumbrances, and given quiet posses-\\nsion, which he had promised to do but no sooner were we on the place, and landed\\nCommonly called the long bill in Chancery. It was printed in folio form, in the\\ncity of New York, in 1747, by James Parker, and with its appendix, comprising a great\\nvariety of valuable documents concerning the first settlement of East Jersey, makes a\\nvolume of 150 pages.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "174 ESSEX COUNTY.\\nsome of our goods, when I and some others were warned off the ground by the Hack.\\nensack Indians, who seemed angry that we had landed any of our goods, although we\\ntold them we had the governor s orders but they replied the land was theirs, and that\\nit was unpurchased thereupon we put our goods on board the vessel again, and ac-\\nquainted the governor with the matter, and he could not say it was bought of the In-\\ndians. I and most of the company were minded to depart, but the governor, with\\nother gentlemen, were loath to let us go, and advised and encouraged us to go to the In-\\ndians, and directed us to one John Capteen, a Dutchman, that was a good interpreter,\\nto go with us and I with some others and said Capteen went to Hackensack to treat\\nwith the Sagamores and other Indian proprietors of the land lying on the west side of\\nPassaic river, about purchasing said lands and one Perro (an Indian) laid claim to said\\nPassaic lands which is now called Newark and the result of our treaty was, that we\\nobtained of a body of said Indians to give us a meeting at Passaic, and soon after they\\ncame, all the proprietors, viz., Perro and his kindred, with the Sagamores that were able\\nto travel Oraton, being very old, but approved of Perro s acting. And at that meeting\\nwith the Indian proprietors, we did agree and bargain with the said Indians for a tract\\nof their said land on the west side of Passaic river to a place called the Cove, by the\\nsaid governor s order and allowance, and upon information thereof he seemed glad of\\nit; and I with some others solicited the governor to pay for the purchase to the Indians\\nwhich he refused, and would not disburse any thing unless I would reimburse him again\\nand a bill of sale was made, wherein the purchase of said land will appear, and I can\\nand do testify that the said Indians were duly paid for it according to the bill wherein\\nwe became debtors to the Indians, and not to the governor, as I judge, and Perro af-\\nfirmed that he had not sold his land to any before this time.\\nThis tract, thus purchased of the Indians, is more particularly\\ndescribed in a certificate from Samuel Edsal, who appears to have\\nbeen one of the negotiators, dated March 5th, 1687, which we\\nfind on page 117 of the same Bill in Chancery. In this certifi-\\ncate the writer sets forth the purchase to be a parcel of land\\nlying and being on the west side of the Kill Van Coll, beginning\\nat the mouth of a certain creek named Waweayack, (Bound\\ncreek,) upon the bay side and from thence running up the said\\ncreek to the head of a cove, and from thence westward to the\\nfoot of the (Newark) Mountain, called by the Indians Watchung\\nthence running along the said foot of the mountain, until it meets\\nby an east line with a small river coming from the hills into Pas-\\nsaic river, named Jantucuck, (3d river,) from thence running down\\nPassaic river, and Arthur Kull Bay, till it meets with the mouth\\nof Waweayack, as above said.\\nThese limits formed the original township of Newark, compre-\\nhending the present township of that name, and the townships of\\nSpringfield, Livingston, Orange, Bloomfield, and Caldwell. The\\nprice of this purchase was 130/. New England currency, 12 Indian\\nblankets, and 12 Indian guns.\\nIt must be satisfactory to every townsman thus to know that\\nevery foot of land lying within our bounds was honestly and open-\\nly purchased of its original proprietors. However unjustly the\\naborigines may have been dealt with elsewhere, no act of our an-\\ncestors can be pointed to with the slightest reproach by the most\\njealous advocate of Indian rights.\\nThe settlers first located themselves according to the towns\\nwhence they came, in separate neighborhoods but the sense of\\nmutual danger soon induced a change in this respect. On the 21st\\nof May, 1666, delegates from the several towns resolved to form", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "ESSEX COUNTY. 175\\none township, to provide rules for its government, and to be of\\none heart and hand, in endeavoring to carry on their spiritual con-\\ncernments, as well as their civil and town affairs, according to\\nGod and godly government. And for the more speedy accom-\\nplishment of their desires, a committee of eleven were appoint-\\ned to order and settle the concernments of the people of the place.\\nThis committee consisted of Capt. Robert Treat, Lt. Samuel\\nSwain, Samuel Kitchell, Michael Tompkins, Morris Say, Richard\\nBeckly, Richard Harrison, Thomas Blatchly, Ed. Rigs, Stephen\\nFreeman, and Thomas Johnson. The articles of government\\nwhich they formed, possessed a full portion of the strict religious\\nspirit of the people. No person could become a freeman or bur-\\ngess of their town, or vote in its elections, but such as was a\\nmember of some one of the Congregational churches nor be\\nchosen to the magistracy, nor to any other military or civil office.\\nBut all others admitted to be planters, were allowed to inherit\\nand to enjoy all other privileges, save those above excepted.\\nDisregarding the right of the English proprietors of New Jersey,\\nand apparently with a resolution of disclaiming all fealty towards\\nthem, and of depending on their Indian grants, they also resolved\\nto be ruled by such officers as the town should annually choose\\nfrom among themselves, and to be governed by the same laws as\\nthey had, in the places from whence they came.\\nIn Nov. of this year, many of the inhabitants of Branford\\nappear to have joined their associates in the enterprise. The fol-\\nlowing document, which we copy from the town records, appears\\nto have been signed by them on this occasion, and to have been\\nsubsequently endorsed (in June, 1667) by the other male settlers,\\nIt will be seen by this document that in June, 1667, the whole pop-\\nulation of the town consisted of sixty-five efficient men, besides\\nwomen and children.\\nOctober 30th, 1665.\\nAt a Meeting Touching the Intended design of many of the Inhabitants of Brand.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0pv 1 o ford, the following was subscribed\\nF d xv i 21* st T nat None shall be Admitted freemen or free Burgesses within\\nDeut xvii 15 our Town, upon Passaick River, in the Province of New Jersey, but\\nJer xxxvi 21* SUC P anters as are Members of some or other of the Congregational\\nChurches nor shall any but such be Chosen to Magistracy or to Carry\\non any part of Civil Judicature, or as deputies or assistants to have power to Vote in\\nEstablishing Laws, and making or repealing them, or to any Chief Military Trust or\\noffice. Nor shall any But such Church Members have any vote in any such Elections\\nTho all others admitted to Be planters have Right to their proper Inheritances, and do\\nand shall Enjoy all other Civil Liberties and priviledges, According to Laws, orders,\\nGrants, which are or Hereafter shall Be Made for this Town.\\nP. 2d. We shall with Care and Diligence provide for the maintenance of the purity\\nof Religion professed in the Congregational Churches. Whereunto subscribed the In-\\nhabitants from Brandford\\nJasper Crane, Josiah Ward, Delivered Crane, Richard Johnson,\\nAbraham Pierson, John Ward, senior, Aaron Blatchly, Ebenezer Canfield,\\nSamuel Swaine, Ed. Ball, Samuel Rose, Richard Lauiance,\\nLaurance Ward, John Harrison, Thomas Pierson, John Johnson,\\nThomas Blatchly, John Crane, John Warde, Thomas L. Lyon,\\nSamuel Plum, Thomas Huntington, John Catling, (his mark.)", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "176 ESSEX COUNTY.\\nAnd upon the Reception of their Letters and Subscriptions, the present Inhabitants\\nin November following, declare their Consents and readiness to do likewise, and at a\\nMeeting the 24th of the next June following, in 1667, they also subscribed with their own\\nHands unto the two fundamental Agreements expressed on the other side. Their names\\nas follows\\nRobert Treatt, Edward Rigs, George Day, Hauns Albers,\\nObadiah Bruen, Robert Kitchell, Thomas Johnson, Thomas Morris,\\nMatthew Camfield, J. Brooks, (mark J. B.) John Curtis, Hugh Roberts,\\nSamuel Kitchell, Robert Lymens, Ephraim Burwell, Ephraim Pennington,\\nJeremiah Pecke, (mark V.) Robert Denison, Martin Tichenor,\\nMichael Tompkins, Francis Links, (by his mark R.) John Browne, jun.,\\nStephen Freeman, (mark F.) Nathaniel Wheeler, Jonathan Seargeant,\\nHenry Lyon, Daniel Tichenor, Zachariah Burwell, Azariah Crane,\\nJohn Browne, John Bauldwin, sen., William Campe, Samuel Lyon,\\nJohn Rodgers, John Bauldwin, jun., Joseph Walters, Joseph Riggs,\\nStephen Davis, Jonathan Tomkins, Robert Daglesh, Stephen Bond.\\nIt will be perceived by these names, comprising the whole\\nnumber, that a great majority of the original settlers of the town\\nare still represented by a numerous posterity, as may be seen by\\nconsulting the Directory.\\nAt the first distribution of land, each man took by lot six\\nacres, as a ho?nestead and as the families from each of the several\\noriginal towns had established themselves at short distances from\\nthose of other towns, the allotments were made to them in their\\nrespective quarters of the new settlement. Seven individuals, se-\\nlected for the purpose, assessed on each settler his portion of the\\ngeneral purchase-money. The lands were eventually divided into\\nthree ranges each range into lots, and parcelled by lottery first\\n.setting apart certain portions, called tradesmen s lots one of which\\nwas to be given to the first of every trade who should settle per-\\nmanently in the place reserving also the present Upper Green\\nof the town, (now Washington-square.) for a market-place, and\\nthe Lower Green, (now called the Park,) for a military parade and\\nthat part of the town in and adjacent to Market-st., where the tan-\\nneries now are, (then a swamp,) for a public watering-place for\\ncattle. This last portion, having been sold by the town, is alto-\\ngether in possession of individual owners.\\nIn 1667, the Rev. Abraham Pierson, the first minister, com-\\nmenced his official duties here. He is said to have been episco-\\npally ordained, at Newark, in South Britain, and to have named\\nthis town after that of his ordination by which name it was some-\\ntimes called abroad, but was known at others by that of Milford.\\nIn the next year, the first meeting-house, 26 feet wide, 34 long,\\nand 13 between the joists, was erected; the town voting thirty\\npounds, and directing that every individual should perform such\\nlabor as a committee of five might require, toward its completion.\\nIt was a small frame building, and stood near the centre of the\\ntown, fronting on Broad-st., on the lot now known as the old town\\nburying-ground, opposite to the present building of the First Pres-\\nbyterian church. Mr. Pierson emigrated to the new world in 1655,\\nand, with a few followers, settled in or near Guilford, Conn. He\\nwas one of those who were dissatisfied with the corrupt and arbi-", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "ESSEX COUNTY. 177\\ntrary character of church and state in England, and annexed him-\\nself to the party then called moderate Presbyterians. He was an\\nold man when the colony settled Newark, and appears to have\\nbeen eminent for his learning, wisdom, and piety. His salary\\nwas fixed at \u00c2\u00a330.\\nArrangements for the meeting-house having been completed,\\nthe town meeting next appointed Henry Lyon to keep a tavern, for\\nthe entertainment of travellers and strangers, and instructed him\\nto prepare for it as soon as he can. At the same meeting, in\\nthe year 16G8, Robert Treat and Sergeant Richard Harrison were\\nappointed to erect a grist-mill on the brook at the north end of\\nthe town setting apart the second and sixth days of the week as\\ngrinding days. John Rockwell, of Elizabethtown, was at the\\nsame time voted a member of the community, upon condition of\\nhis moving here forthwith, and maintaining his present or other\\nsufficient boat, for the use of the town.\\nRobert Treat and Jasper Crane were chosen the first magis-\\ntrates, in 1668, and representatives to the first assembly of New\\nJersey, convened at Elizabethtown, 26th May of the same year\\nby which the first state-tax (\u00c2\u00a312 sterling, of which the proportion\\nof Newark was 40 shillings) was laid.* Mr. Treat was also\\nchosen first recorder, or town-clerk and after a residence here of\\nmany years, returned to Connecticut, where he became governor,\\nand died. The town also established a court of judicature, holding\\nannually one session, on the last Wednesday of February, and an-\\nother on the second Wednesday of September having cognizance\\nof all causes within its limits. On the 24th May, 1669, the first\\nselectmen,; five in number, were chosen. The number was subse-\\nquently increased to seven, who continued to administer affairs un-\\ntil 1736, when the present township officers were created by law.\\nAnd in this year Indian hostility appears to have displayed itself\\nin petty robberies and depredations, the increase of which, in 1675,\\ninduced the townsmen to fortify their church, as a place of refuge,\\nin case of general attack and to take proper measures of watch\\nand ward.\\nAbout this period the Rev. Mr. Pierson had become so infirm,\\nthat the town made out a call to his son, Abraham Pierson, Jun.,\\nto become his colleague. He had been educated at Cambridge,\\nand was distinguished for his talents and accomplishments, but\\nhad neither the meekness nor prudence of his father. He contin-\\nued here only a few years after his father s death, which occurred\\nin 1680, but removed to Killingworth, Conn., where he died in 1708.\\nHis reputation for learning was so high, that he was chosen the\\nfirst president of the College of Connecticut, (now Yale College.)\\non its institution in 1701. Mr. Pierson was succeeded in the pas-\\nThis assembly consisted of seven in council, besides the governor, and ten burgesses\\ntwo from Bergen, two from Newark, two from Elizabethtown, two from Woodbridge,\\nand two from Middletown and Shrewsbury.\\n23", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "178 ESSEX COUNTY.\\ntoral office at Newark by Mr. John Prudden, who finally relin-\\nquished it, after serving twelve or thirteen years, in favor of Mr.\\nJabez Wakeman, a young man of distinguished attainments. Mr.\\nW. died in 1704, and was succeeded by Mr. Nathaniel Bowers.\\nThe year 1676 was distinguished by the establishment of the\\nfirst school; and the selectmen agreed with Mr. John Catlin to\\ninstruct their children and servants in as much English reading,\\nwriting, and arithmetic as he could teach. Mr. Catlin was also\\nchosen attorney for the town, and appears to have been the first\\nlawyer settled here. About the same time, measures were taken\\nto invite mechanics to the place. The first shoemaker appears to\\nhave been Samuel Whitehead, of Elizabethtown, who was form-\\nally admitted a member of the community, on condition of his\\nsupplying it with shoes. The first tannery was established in 1698,\\nat the swamp or watering-place.\\nThe town appears to have been early celebrated for its cider.\\nGov. Carteret writes to the proprietors in England, in 1682: At\\nNewark are made great quantities of cider, exceeding any we\\ncan have from New England, Rhode Island, or Long Island,\\nwhich is the first mention we find of this famous article. The\\ngovernor also speaks of the place at this time, as a compact town\\nof about one hundred families, and that it is the only place in the\\nprovince provided with a settled preacher, following no other em-\\nployment. The town appears also to have obtained the character\\nabroad of being an unhealthy place, subject to fever and agues\\nand intermittents, which is supposed to have retarded its growth.\\nDuring the ministry of Mr. Bowers, a new and larger church\\nwas agreed upon The walls were put up in 1708, a few steps\\nnorth of the first building on the same lot. This was a heavy un-\\ndertaking, much beyond the means of the people. Although the\\nplace had been settled forty years, it is said that when the walls\\nwere knee high, the whole population, men, women, and children,\\ncould have sat upon them. The interior was not entirely fin-\\nished within thirty years. It is said to have been the most ele-\\ngant edifice at that time in the colony.\\nOn the 23d October, 1676, a warrant was granted by the gover-\\nnor, for 200 acres of land and meadow, for parsonage-ground, and\\nalso for so much as was necessary for landing-places, school-house,\\ntown-house, market-place, c; and in 1696, a patent from the\\nproprietaries to the town covered all the lots, in various parts of\\nthe township, called Parsonage Lands which have been since\\ndivided, with some difficulty and contention, among five churches,\\nviz.: three of the Presbyterian, and the Episcopal, at Newark, and\\nthe First Presbyterian church at Orange.\\nThe London Church Missionary Society, about the year 1732,\\nsent out a number of missionaries, some of whom settled at Eliza-\\nbethtown, and other places in tne neighborhood of Newark, where\\nthey occasionally preached. This gave rise to serious contentions\\namong the colonists on the subject of church government. In this", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "ESSEX COUNTY. 179\\ntown a few of the leading individuals declared themselves dissat-\\nisfied with the Presbyterian form, and in favor of the Episcopal\\nmode, as practised in South Britain. During this controversy,\\nwhich occurred under the ministry of Mr. Joseph Webb, the im-\\nmediate successor of Mr. Bowers, the present Episcopal church\\nwas instituted. The church appears to have originated in 1734,\\nwith Col. Josiah Ogden and others, who took occasion to leave the\\nPresbyterians, in consequence of the rigor with which he was\\ntreated for saving his grain in a wet harvest on the Sabbath. The\\npresent church edifice was built in 1808, on the site of the original\\nbuilding.\\nMr. Webb was dismissed in 1736. The Presbyterian church\\nthen called the Rev. Aaron Burr, the father of the late Vice Presi-\\ndent of the United States, who was subsequently born in the town.\\nMr. Burr was distinguished as an eminent scholar and divine, and\\nenjoyed reputation abroad as well as at home. He established a\\nLatin school soon after his settlement here, and the town in his\\ntime, we are told, flourished exceedingly in trade, manufactures,\\nand agriculture growing in wealth, population, and respectability,\\nfar beyond any thing which it had before attained.\\nIn 1721, the first freestone was quarried for market; and this\\narticle, celebrated for its excellent quality, has long been a subject\\nof export.\\nDuring the years 1745, 6, and 7, a great excitement existed in\\nthe vicinity, arising out of contentions between the settlers and\\nthe English proprietors concerning the title to the lands. The set-\\ntlers held under their Indian title, and refused to recognise any\\nother. In 1745 and G, there were two great riots at Newark, in\\neach of which the jail was broken open by large mobs, and the\\nprisoners held by suits in favor of the English proprietors set at\\nliberty. The same parties liberated other prisoners for the same\\ncause, at Elizabethtown and Somerville.\\nIn the year 1746, the College of New Jersey (now located at Princeton) was insti-\\ntuted at Elizabethtown, under the presidency of Jonathan Dickenson, who is reported to\\nhave been an eminent scholar. Mr. D. died the next year, and the trustees then con-\\nfided the students to the care of Mr. Burr, at Newark, who thus became the second\\npresident of the college. Here the institution continued to flourish for eight years, at\\nthe expiration of which period the trustees determined to locate it permanently at\\nPrinceton. After much controversy between the trustees and the congregation, Mr.\\nBurr s pastoral relation was dissolved in the winter of 1755, and in the October follow-\\ning he removed to Princeton with the college, where he died in September, 1767. The\\ncongregation continued without a pastor until 1759, when they united in a call to the\\nRev. Alexander McWhorter. Mr. McWhorter preached his first sermon here on the\\n28th June of that year, and continued to preside over the church, with an intermission\\nof one or two years, until his death in 1807 a period of nearly half a century. It\\nwould hardly be just to the memory of this estimable and eminent man, not to add that\\nhis labors, as a minister and a citizen, contributed largely to the character and increase\\nof the town. He stood foremost among the men who adorned the American church\\nduring the latter part of the last century, which is no mean praise. A marble slab in\\nthe wall at the right of the pulpit in the church, which was built chiefly through his in-\\nstrumentality, worthily commemorates his worth, and the gratitude of the people for\\nwhom and with whom he labored. In 1765 the first public library was established.\\nAt the commencement of the revolutionary war, the town was much divided upon", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "180 ESSEX COUNTY.\\nthe questions agitating the country and on the Declaration of Independence by the\\nstate, several families, among whom was Mr. Brown, pastor of the Episcopal church,\\nwho had ministered from its foundation, joined the royalists in New York. From its\\nvicinage to that stronghold of the enemy, the town suffered greatly by the visitations\\nof regular troops and marauders. On the 22d of November, 1776, Gen. Washington\\nentered Newark on his retreat through New Jersey, having crossed the Passaic by the\\nAquackanonck bridge, with a force of 3,500, comprising Beal s, Heard s, and part of\\nIrvine s brigades. Here the troops remained encamped until the morning of the 28th,\\nwhen Lord Comwallis entered the town from New York, and the American forces re-\\ntreated towards New Brunswick and the Delaware. Each army was thus for a season\\nquartered upon the inhabitants of the town, and the British commander, in pursuing the\\nAmericans, left a strong guard behind, which remained here until after his discomfiture\\nat Trenton. Foraging parties, and bands of plunderers in the garb of the enemy, kept\\nthe neighborhood in continual alarm through several years. On the night of the 25th\\nof January, 1780, a regiment of 500 men, commanded by Colonel Lumm, came from\\nNew York, following the river on the ice, and burned the academy, then standing on\\nthe upper green. This was a stone building, two stories high, with apartments for the\\nteacher. On the same night another British party, unknown to the first, fired the Pres-\\nbyterian church at Elizabethtown, the light from which alarmed the incendiaries at\\nNewark, and caused their hasty retreat. They carried away with them Joseph Hedden,\\nEsq., an active whig, who had zealously opposed their previous depredations dragging\\nhim from a sick-bed, and compelling him to follow, with no other than his night cloth-\\ning. The party returned by the route by which they came; and a soldier, more humane\\nthan his fellows, gave Mr. H. a blanket, a short time before they reached Paulus Hook.\\nAt this place Mr. H. was confined in a sugar-house, where he perished in a few days,\\nin consequence of his sufferings that night.\\nAbout this period, and during the war, the average population of the town was less\\nthan 1000. In the year 1777, there were only 141 dwelling-houses of which 38 were in\\nthat part of the town now comprised within the limits of the North Ward, 50 in the South\\nWard, 28 in the East Ward, and 25 in the West Ward.\\nThe present public bridge over the Passaic was originally built about the year 1792.\\nPrevious to the Revolution, and up to this period, the business on the river was chiefly\\ntransacted at Lowe and Camp s dock, now known as the stone dock, some hundred\\nyards north of the old bridge. The first public road to New York communicated with\\nMarket-st., and led across the upland and meadow by a ferry near the bay. On the con-\\nstruction of the present causeway, the old ferry road was abandoned.\\nThe Newark Academy was established by an association in 1792 it was subse-\\nquently distinguished for many years as one of the largest and most prominent academic\\ninstitutions in the country.\\nSoon after the close of the war, arrrangements were made by the Presbyterians for the\\nerection of another and better house of worship. The corner-stone of the First Presby-\\nterian church was laid by Dr. McWhorter in 1787: on the first of January, 1791, it\\nwas opened for public worship. After the completion of this building, the old church\\nwas converted into a courthouse, for which purpose it was used until the erection, in\\n1807, of the building destroyed by fire during the summer of 1835. In 1801 the Rev.\\nEdward D. Griffin, now president of Williams College, was associated with Dr. Mc-\\nWhorter, as colleague. The entire charge of the congregation devolved upon Dr. G. at\\nthe death of this venerable divine, in 1808. He resigned the station in 1809, for a pro-\\nfessorship at Andover, and was succeeded by the Rev. Dr. Richards, who removed to\\nAuburn in 1823. The following year the church called the Rev. Win. T. Hamilton, who\\nresigned in the fall of 1834, and was succeeded by the Rev. A. D. Eddy. The Second\\nPresbyterian church was erected in 1808, and the Rev. Hooper Cumming installed its\\nfirst pastor. He was succeeded by Dr. Griffing, who resigned the charge on being ap-\\npointed president of Williams College. The Rev. Philip C. Hay then became pastor of\\nthe church. After his resignation the Rev. Mr. Cheever was called to the station. In\\n1824, the Third Presbyterian church was organized, under the Rev. J. T. Russell, who\\nwas succeeded by the Rev. Baxter Dickinson. Mr. D. resigned the charge in 1835, for\\na professorship in Lane Seminary, (Cincinnati,) and the congregation soon after made out\\na call to Mr. Selah B. Treat, of Connecticut. The Fourth Presbyterian church was in-\\nstituted in the year 1831. A fifth Presbyterian church, known as the 1st Free church,\\nwas organized during the year 1834. In 1836 a 2d Free (Presbyterian) church was or-\\nganized and in January of the present year another society, entitled The Central Pres-\\nbyterian church, was formed, and the Rev. C. Hoover, late of Morristown, installed its\\npastor.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "A PLAN OF THE PRINCIPAL PART OF BROAD ST., NEWARK, SHOWING THE BUILD.\\n1NGS AND OCCUPAJNTS ABOUT THE YEAR 1796.*\\nEpiscopal Church.\\nJohn Woods, Newark Gazette Office.\\nJohn Nesblt, Farmer.\\nP. Hill s residence, afterwards Rev. Dr. Ogden.\\nMrs. Hatticld.\\nCaleb Baldwin....\\nCaleb Sayres.\\nJon. Sayres..\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nAcademy.\\nGilford cot, afterwards Wm. Tuttle-\\nW. Rodger s house and saddlery.\\nThomas Jones store-\\nJasper Tenbrook, house and store-\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a\\n9. Smith Burnet, watch store.- 1\\n4. Pennington and Bruen s store..-;\\nMARKET\\nJesse Baldwin, house and store.;\\nJabez Parkhurst.\\nJosiah Congar s store\\n5. Johnson Tuttle s tavern\\nEpiscopal Parsonage.\\nDr. Griffiths.\\nRobert Young.\\nPoinier House, and carpenter s shop.\\nG. Pintard, gentleman.\\nJudge Elisha Boudiuot,\\n1 E\\n6. Old Presbyterian Church\\nen.-\\nOld County Jail./\\nLuther Goble, shoemaker.-.JE\\nMajor Samuel Sayres, tavern..\\n10. Rev. Dr. M Whorter s parsonage.:\\n7. Alex C. M Whorter, lawyer.\\nJabez Bruen, shoemaker.\\nHILL ST.\\nPeter Hill.\\nSamuel Congar, weaver.\\nMatthias and Caleb Bruen, cabinet shop.-\\nCaleb Bruen s residence..\\nEleazar Brown.\u00e2\u0080\u0094]\\nBenjamin Johnson. 1.\\nDr. Uzal Johnson.\\nOgden Mansion.\\nI-Gen. John N. Cummings. 2.\\nL~Archer Gilford s stage-house and tavern\\nST.\\nJohn Burnet, postmaster.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Obadiah Crane.\\nrCol. Hay s house and store.\\n-Office of the Sentinel of Freedom, by Pen-\\nnington and Dodge.\\nNew Presbyterian Church.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Joseph Banks, Hatter.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Josiah Beach, farmer and weaver.\\n8. Hon. Peter J. Van Berckel\\nJudge William Bumet. 3.\\nE\\n-Joseph Camp, farmer.\\nCapt. Nathaniel Camp.\\n1. Afterwards used for several successive years as a post-office by Matth. Day.\\n2. Gen. Cummings was a colonel in the Revolutionary army, and President of a bank in Newark,\\nwhich was the first established in New Jersey.\\n3. Judge Burnet was a distinguished surgeon in the Revolutionary army.\\n4. William S. Pennington was Governor of New Jersey in 1813 he was the father of Wm. Penning-\\nton, late Governor of the State. John Alling s blacksmith shop was next to his store.\\n5. Now Stewart s Hotel.\\n6. The old Presbyterian Church, after the erection of the new one, was used as a court house, and the\\nold court house as a jail.\\n7. Now the Mansion House.\\n8. Hon. Peter J. Van Berckel was minister plenipotentiary from Holland to the United States.\\n9. Wm. Gardner s barber shop adjoined or was next to Smith Burnet s watch store.\\n10. Col. Aaron Burr was born in this house.\\nThis plan was submitted to the inspection of some of the oldest and most intelligent citizens of New.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2uk, and U believed to be correct.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "182 ESSEX COUNTY.\\nThe Episcopal church was placed under the care of the Rev. Uzal Ogden soon after\\nthe war. After him came the Rev. Joseph Willard, Rev. Lewis P. Bayard, Rev. H. P.\\nPowers, and the Rev. Matthew L. Henderson. In 1808 the church edifice was rebuilt.\\nIn 1801 the First Baptist church was constituted under the Rev. Charles Laliatt a\\nmeeting-house was erected in 1804, and rebuilt in 1810. The following are the succeed-\\ning pastors of this church, viz. Rev. Peter Thurston, installed in 1808 Rev. Daniel\\nSharp, in 1809 Rev. Job Lamb, in 1812 Rev. Ed. Jones, in 1814 Rev. Daniel Put-\\nnam, in 1822 Rev. Ebenezer Loomis, in 1826 Rev. J. S. C. F. Frey, in 1828 Rev.\\nP. L. Piatt, in 1830 Rev. Daniel Dodge, in 1832. A second Baptist church was or-\\nganized in 1833.\\nThe first Methodist Episcopal society was formed in 1806, by the Rev. David Bartine.\\nThe first chapel, in Halsey-st., was erected in 1810, at which time there were but thirty\\nmembers, who enjoyed only such ministerial services as could be rendered by two preach-\\ners, whose sphere of duty embraced large portions of Essex, Bergen, and Morris coun-\\nties, including Staten Island, then known as the Essex and Staten Island circuit. In\\n1818 the Society was greatly increased, under the labors of the Rev. Joseph Lybrand,\\nand from that time it has steadily progressed. It has since been under the pastoral care\\nof the Rev. Messrs. Crcmer, Martindale, Thatcher, Lushing, Kennedy, Porter, Gelder,\\nHiggins, Thompson, Matthias, and Atwood.\\nA Dutch Reformed church was established in the year 1834, and the Rev. Ransford\\nWells elected pastor. The society have since built a large and elegant brick church in\\nMarket-st. A Catholic church was commenced in 1824, and completed the year follow-\\ning. The Primitive Methodists also have a church and there are 2 African churches.\\nThe Universalists formed a society a few years since.\\nIn 1804 the Newark Banking and Insurance Company was chartered, with a capital\\nof $400,000 and this was for a number of years the only bank in this part of New\\nJersey.*\\nNewark city, port of entry, and capital of Essex co., is situated\\n9 m. from New York, and 49 from Trenton. It is on the west side\\nof Passaic river, 3 m. from its entrance into Newark bay, and is\\nthe most populous and flourishing place in the state. The river is\\nnavigable to this place for vessels of 100 tons burden, and the New\\nJersey railroad and Morris canal pass through it. The Morris and\\nEssex railroad commences here. The place is regularly laid out,\\nthe streets are several of them broad and straight, and many of\\nthe houses are neat and elegant. Two large public grounds in the\\nheart of the city, bordered by lofty trees, add much to the beauty\\nof the place. The city is abundantly supplied with pure water,\\nbrought by a company from a fine spring 2 m. distant. Several of\\nthe churches are handsome buildings. The courthouse is built of\\nbrown freestone, in a commanding situation in the west part of the\\ncity, and is a large and elegant building of Egyptian architecture.\\nIn 1843, there were 25 churches, viz. 1st Presbyterian, A. D.\\nEddy pastor 2d Presbyterian, E. Cheever 3d Presbyterian, H. N.\\nBrinsmade 4th Presbyterian, Wm. R. Weeks Central Presbyte-\\nrian, Wm. Bradley Free Presbyterian, Wm. L. Parsons Associate\\nPresbyterian Colored Presbyterian, S. E. Cornish 1st Methodist,\\nJ. B. McKeever 2d Methodist, Isaac Winner 3d Methodist, Wm.\\nlloberts Primitive Methodist, Wm. Sanders; 1st African Method-\\nist, J. A. Williams Trinity, M. H. Henderson Grace, Anthony\\nTen Broeck Reformed Dutch, James Scott 1st Baptist, Wm. Sym\\n2d Baptist Salem Baptist Christ-ian Bethel, Frederick Pilch\\nFor the preceding historical sketch, the compilers are indebted to Pierson s Direc-\\ntory of Newark, for 1837-8.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "ESSEX COUNTY.\\n183\\nUniversalist, Rev. Mr. Raynor 1st Roman Catholic, P. Moran 2d\\nRoman Catholic, N. Balleis German, John F. Maschop. There\\nare 3 banks, an apprentices library, a circulating library, a me-\\nchanics association for scientific and literary improvement, and a\\nyoung men s literary association. The commerce of Newark is\\nFront View of the Courthouse, Newark.\\nconsiderable and increasing. The coasting trade employs 65 ves-\\nsels of 100 tons each. A whaling and sealing company, incorpora-\\nted in 1833, is prosecuting that business. The tonnage of this port\\nin 1840, was 6,687. There were, in 1840, 2 foreign commercial,,\\nand 2 commission stores, cap. $15,000; 114 retail stores, cap.\\n$321,250; 6 lumber-yards, cap. $38,000; fisheries, cap. $60,000;\\nprecious metals, value produced, $154,312 manufactures of leather,\\ncap. $285,951 2 breweries, cap. $13,000 carriages, cap. $218,700;\\n5 printing-offices, 2 binderies, 1 daily and 3 weekly newspapers,\\nand 3 periodicals, cap. $32,300. Total cap. in manufac. $1,51 1,339.\\n6 acad. 319 students; 30 schools, 1,955 scholars. Pop. in 1830,\\n10,950; in 1840, 17,290.\\nThe following letter, giving an account of the outrages commit-\\nted by the British troops in 1777, was written by a highly respect-\\nable inhabitant of this place to Mr. Wm. Gordon, of Roxbury,.\\nMass. It is dated at Newark, March 12th, 1777.\\nThe ravages committed by the British tyrant s troops in these parts of the country\\nare beyond description. Their footsteps are marked with desolation and ruin of every\\nkind. The murders, ravishments, robbery, and insults they were guilty of, are dreadful.\\nWhen I returned to the town, it looked more like a scene of ruin, than a pleasant, well-\\ncultivated village. One Thomas Hayes, as peaceable and inoffensive a man as in this\\nstate, was unprovokingly murdered by one of their negroes, who ran him through the\\nbody with his sword. He also cut and slashed his aged uncle in the same house in such\\na manner that he has not yet recovered of his wounds. Three women of the town were\\nbasely ravished by them, and one of them was a woman of near seventy years of age.\\nVarious others were assaulted by them, who happily escaped their lewd purposes. Yea,\\nnot only the common soldiers, but officers went about the town by night, in gangs, and\\nforcibly entered into houses, openly inquiring for women. As to plundering, whig and\\ntory were treated with a pretty equal hand, and those only escaped who were happy\\nenough to procure a sentinel to be placed as a guard at their door. There was one Capt,", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "184 ESSEX COUNTY.\\nNutman, who had always been a remarkable tory, and who met the British troops in the\\nBroad street with huzzas of joy. He had his house robbed of almost every thing. His\\nvery shoes were taken off his feet, and they threatened hard to hang him. It was dili-\\ngently circulated by the tories, before the enemy came, that all those who tarried in their\\nhouses would not be plundered, which induced some to stay, who otherwise would have\\nsaved many of their effects by removing them. But nothing was a greater falsehood\\nthan this, as the event proved for none were more robbed than those that tarried at\\nhome with their families.\\nJustice John Ogden, whom you know, had his house robbed of everything they could\\ncarry away. They ripped open his beds, scattered the feathers in the air, and took the\\nticks with them broke his desk to pieces, and destroyed a great number of important\\npapers, deeds, wills, c, belonging to himself and others and the more he entreated\\nthem to desist from such unprofitable and pernicious waste, the more outrageous they\\nwere. They hauled a sick son of his out of bed, whose life had been despaired of some\\ntime, and grossly abused him, threatening him with death in a variety of forms. The\\nnext neighbor to Mr. Ogden was one Benjamin Coe, a very aged man, who, with his\\nwife, was at home. They plundered and destroyed every thing in the house, and insult-\\ned them with such rage, that the old people fled for fear of their lives and then, to show\\nthe fulness of their diabolical fury, they burnt their house to ashes.\\nZophar Beach, Josiah Beach, Samuel Pennington, and others, who had large families,\\nand were all at home, they robbed in so egregious a manner, that they were scarcely left\\na rag of clothing, save what was on their backs. The mischief committed in the houses\\nforsaken of their inhabitants, the destruction of fences, barns, stables, the breaking of\\nchests of drawers, desks, tables, and other furniture, the burning and carrying away of\\ncarpenters and shoemakers tools, cannot be described.\\nWith respect to those who took protections and their oath, some of these they robbed\\nand plundered afterwards but the most general way in which they obtained the effects\\nof such people, was by bargaining with them for their hay, cattle, or corn, promising\\nthem pay, but none with us ever received any thing worth mentioning. I might have\\nobserved, that it was not only the common soldiers that plundered and stole, but also\\ntheir officers and not merely low officers and subalterns, but some of high rank were\\nabettors, and reaped the profits of their gallows-deserving business. No less a person\\nthan Gen. Erskinc, knight, had his room furnished from a neighboring house, with ma-\\nhogany chairs and tables a considerable part of which was taken away with his bag-\\ngage when he went to Elizabethtown. Col. M Donald had his house furnished in the\\nsame felonious manner, and the furniture was carried off as though it had been part of\\nhis baggage. But there is no end of their inhuman conduct. They have not only\\nproved themselves cruel enemies, but persons destitute of all honor and there is no\\nhope of relief, but by expelling these murderers, robbers, and thieves from our country.\\nThe following account of the exploits of Capt. Littell (which appear\\nto have taken place in the vicinity of Newark) is from Garden s\\nAnecdotes of the American Revolution.\\nCapt. Littell, of New Jersey, was a partisan of great merit, and his personal appear-\\nance was remarkably fine and imposing. In the winter of 1776 and 77, Washington s\\nsuccesses at Trenton and Princeton gave a new turn to the war, and called into activity\\nthe partisan warfare, in which Capt. Littell was much distinguished. On the day that\\nthe British force abandoned Newark, which they had occupied as a garrison, and marched\\nto Elizabethtown, a company of Waldeckers was dispatched on some particular service\\ntowards the Connecticut Farms. Littell and his followers speedily discovered and fol-\\nlowed them. Dividing his small force into two bodies, he placed one ambush in the rear,\\nand appearing in front with the other, demanded an immediate surrender. The Ger-\\nmans wished to retrograde, but meeting with the party expressly concealed to impede\\ntheir retreat, and briskly assailed in front, surrendered without firing a gun. The Brit-\\nish general, exasperated by their capture, ordered out a body of Hessians to revenge the\\naffront but the superior knowledge of Littell and his associates enabling them to goad\\nthe enemy at various points with spirited attacks, without any great degree of exposure,\\nthey were also driven into a swamp and compelled to surrender to inferior numbers.\\nMortified beyond measure at this second discomfiture, a troop of horse were ordered out\\nbut they in turn were routed, and were only more fortunate than those that preceded them,\\nby being able, by the rapid movement of their horses, to escape pursuit. A tory, to whom\\na considerable reward was offered for the performance of the service, now led 300 men", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "ESSEX COUNTY. 185\\nto the house of Capt. Littell, who, believing he was securely pent up within, commenced\\na heavy discharge of musketry upon it from all sides. The captain, however, was not\\nto be so easily entrapped and while they were making preparations to storm the deserted\\ndwelling, they were attacked in the rear, being previously joined by another body of volun-\\nteers, and driven with precipitation from the field. Littell, in the interim, with a part of\\nhis force, had formed an ambuscade along a fence side, and perceiving the enemy slowly\\napproaching, levelled and discharged his piece, and the commander fell. The British,\\nunable, from the darkness of the night, to make any calculation with regard to the num-\\nber of their opposers, were intimidated, and sought safety in flight.\\nThe following inscriptions, c, are for the most part copied from\\nAlden s Coll. American Epitaphs. The first, written by the Hon.\\nWilliam Peartree Smith, was copied from a tablet fixed in the front\\nof the First Presbyterian church in Newark. The second, Dr. Mac-\\nwhorter s, was drawn by Rev. Edward Dorr Griffin, D. D., and\\nplaced in the wall of the church, at the right hand of the pulpit.\\njEdem hanc amplissimam cultui Divino dicatam ex animo religioso et munificentia\\nvalde praeclara Nov-Arce habitantes, cura sub pastorali rev. Alexandri Macwhorter,\\nS. T. D., primum qui posuit saxum, construxerunt anno salutis, 1787; Amer. Reipub.\\nFoederatffi 12. Auspicante Deo, longum perduret in ^evum.\\n[To God infinitely good and great. This spacious edifice, consecrated to the ser-\\nvice of God, the inhabitants of Newark, under the pastoral care of the Rev. Dr. Mac-\\nwhorter, who laid the corner-stone, with pious zeal and distinguished liberality, erected,\\nin the year of our Lord, 1787, and of the independence of the United States of America,\\nthe twelfth. Through the good providence of God, long may it endure.]\\nSacred to the memory of the Rev. Alexander Macwhorter, D. D. In him a vener-\\nable aspect and dignified manners were united with a strong and sagacious mind, richly\\nstored with the treasures of ancient and modern learning. For a long course of years,\\nhe was among the most distinguished supporters of literature and religion in the Amer-\\nican church. He was a zealous assertor of his country s rights, a wise counsellor, a\\npious and skilful divine, a laborious, prudent, and faithful minister, and a great benefac-\\ntor of the congregation over which he presided forty-eight years. To his influence and\\nzeal the congregation is greatly indebted for this house of God, the foundation-stone of\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0which he laid, Sept., 1787. In gratitude for his distinguished services, and from an af-\\nfectionate respect to his memory, the bereaved church have erected this monument. He\\nwas born 15th July, 1734. He departed this life 20th July, 1807, aged 73 years. The\\nmemory of the just is blessed.\\nMary, the wife of Isaac Ogden, Esq., here rested from the hurry of life, on the 15th of\\nMarch, 1772, aged 26 years.\\nCould the softness and elegance which adorned, could the piety and benevolence\\nwhich endeared human nature, could tenderest friendship or purest love disarm the king\\nof terrors, she had not died.\\nWhen every pain and every joy is o er\\nWhen fortune, age, disease, can wound no more\\nVirtues like hers with radiant lustre glow,\\nAnd breathe refulgent through the clouds of wo\\nKind spirits sooth the pangs of parting breath,\\nAnd strew with softest down the bed of death.\\nIn memory of Hon. Peter I. Van Berckel, Esq., of Rotterdam, late minister pleni-\\npotentiary from the states of Holland to the United States of America, who departed\\nthis fife 17th December, 1800, in the 77th year of his age.\\nTo the memory of William S. Pennington, who died the 1 7th day of September, A. D.\\n1826, in the 69th year of his age. He sustained the office of governor and chancellor\\nof the state of New Jersey, and various other important public stations, honorably to\\nhimself and usefully to his country. His bereaved children, in grateful remembrance of\\nan affectionate and revered parent, have erected this memorial.\\nHoc marmore commemoratur vir in sacris peritus, nee in Uteris humanis minus\\nsciens Rebus divinis a prima setate deditus, Fidei Christiana? strenuus assertor,\\n24", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "186 ESSEX COUNTY.\\nEt pietate nulli secundus. IMoribus facilis, vita beneficus, Omnigense charitatis ex\\nemplar Mille virtutibus instructus, quas sacra celavit modestia.\\nTranslation. This marble is erected to the memory of a man imbued with sacred\\nlore, and no less experienced in all human knowledge. From his earliest outh he was\\ndedicated to holiness a strenuous advocate of the Christian faith, and second to none\\nin devotion. Of easy manners humane in his conduct an exemplar of every charity\\nadorned with a thousand virtues which his modesty concealed.\\nNEW PROVIDENCE.\\nNew Providence was formed from Springfield in 1809. It is 7\\nmiles long and 2 wide, bounded NE. by Springfield, SE. by West-\\nfield, S. by Warren, Somerset co., and NW. by Chatham and Mor-\\nris, in Morris eo. The surface is hilly, and in the eastern part\\nmountainous. The Passaic river forms the western boundary.\\nThe township contains 4 stores, 1 paper fac, 1 saw-m. cap. in\\nmanufac. 816,700 1 school, 25 scholars. Pop. 832. The princi-\\npal portion of the population is in the western part, where there is\\na village, about 12 miles SW. of Newark, containing 4 stores, a\\nPresbyterian and a Methodist church.\\nORANGE.\\nOrange is about 5 miles long, 3 wide bounded N. by Caldwell\\nand Bloomfield, E. by Newark, S. by Clinton, and W. by Livings-\\nton. The surface on the west is mountainous, being crossed here\\nby the First and Second mountains the eastern part is rolling, and\\nthe soil well cultivated. Near the centre of the township is situ-\\nated the Orange Mineral Spring, formerly a place of considera-\\nble resort. The Morris and Essex railroad passes through the\\ntownship. Capital employed in manufactures, 876,750 8 schools,\\n330 scholars. Pop. 3,261.\\nThe village of Orange, 3^ miles NW. from Newark, is a settle-\\nment extending 2 or 3 miles on the turnpike, passing through the\\ntownship in a westerly direction, and on the Morris and Essex rail-\\nroad. It contains 2 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist\\nchurch, 10 stores, and about 200 dwellings.\\nThe annexed engraving shows the main entrance to the cemetery,\\nabout a mile from the village. The land for this purpose has an\\nundulating surface, consisting of 10 acres, and was laid out in the\\nautumn of 1840. The whole is designed to be arranged with\\nwalks, adorned by a variety of trees, shrubbery, and evergreens.\\nThese tokens of respect to the memor}* and ashes of the venerated\\ndead are in accordance with the best feelings of our nature, and it\\nis to be hoped that this laudable example will be more generally\\nfollowed in other places.\\nThe village of South Orange lies on the turnpike from Newark\\nto Morristown, 5 miles W. from Newark. It contains a Presbyte-\\nrian church, and about 30 dwellings.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0192.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "ESSEX COUNTY.\\n187\\nEntrance to the Orange Cemetery.\\nThvJ following inscriptions are from monuments in the old grave-\\nyard, excepting the last two, which are from monuments in the\\nOrange cemetery.\\nSurvivors, let s all imitate the virtues of our Pastor,\\nAnd copy after him, like as he did his Lord and Master.\\nTo us most awful was the stroke, by which he was removed\\nUnto the full fruition of the God he served and loved.\\nHere lie the remains of the Rev. Mr. Daniel Taylor, who was minister of this parish\\nyears. He deceased 8th January, Anno Domini 1747-8, in the 57th year of his age.\\nThis stone was erected as a monumental token of love and gratitude to our late pas-\\ntor, the Rev. Caleb Smith, who died 22d October, 1762, in the 39th year of his age.\\nBeneath this tomb the precious relics lie,\\nOf one too great to live, but not to die.\\nIndued by nature with superior parts,\\nTo swim in science, and to scan the arts,\\nTo soar aloft, inflamed with sacred love,\\nTo know, admire, and serve the God above\\nGifted to sound the thundering law s alarms,\\nThe smiles of virtue, and the gospel s charms\\nA faithful watchman, studious to discharge\\nTh important duties of his sacred charge\\nTo say the whole, and sound the highest fame,\\nHe lived a Christian, and he died the same.\\nA man so useful from his people rent,\\nHis babes, the college, and the church lament.\\nSacred to the memory of Doctor John Condit, a patriot soldier and surgeon during\\nthe struggles of his country for freedom a member of the N. J. Legislature, and a\\nRepresentative and Senator in the Congress of the United States for thirty years in suc-\\ncession. His honors were awarded him by grateful constituents for his sound and vigor-\\nous intellect, stern integrity, and unwavering patriotism, in times of peril, and through-\\nout a long life. On the 4th of May, 1834, he died in Christian hope, revered, respected,\\nand beloved by all who knew him, aged 79 years.\\nIn memory of Amos Dodd, who departed this life Sept. 20th, 1839, aged 71 years\\nand 8 months. This stone records the name of an idiot, familiarly known as the Dumb\\nBoy. Though he exhibited nothing of man but the material form, under its coarsest\\naspect, and always required the care of a child, his protracted life attests the affection-\\nate and dutiful kindness of the family to which he belonged. Twenty years ago a fond\\nmother resigned this object of yearning solicitude, under Providence, to a brother, who\\ncloses his fraternal obligations and sympathies by raising this monument to the memory\\nof Poor Amos.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0193.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "188\\nESSEX COUNTY.\\nDr. Isaac Pierson, born Aug. 15th, 1770, died Sept. 22d, 1833. He received his\\nacademic education at Princeton College, and was subsequently admitted a Fellow of\\nthe College of Surgeons and Physicians, New York. During nearly forty years, he\\npractised medicine in this village, and was a Representative of the State in the 20th\\nand 21st Congresses. The righteous shall be had in everlasting remembrance.\\nRev. Asa Hillyer, D. D., was graduated at Yale College 1786, ordained a minister\\nof the gospel 1790, installed pastor of the Presbyterian church in Orange 1801, where\\nhe continued to labor until his decease, Aug. 28, 1840, in his 77th year. Erected by\\nthe Second Presbyterian Congregation of Orange, as a tribute of affection and esteem\\nlor the deceased.\\nRAHWAY.\\nRahway was taken from Westfield and Elizabeth in 1804. Its\\naverage length is 6, and breadth 3 miles, bounded N. by Elizabeth\\nCentral part of Rahway.\\nand Union E. by Staten Island Sound S. by Piscataway and\\nWoodbridge, Middlesex co., and W. by Westfield. The surface\\nof the township is very level, the soil well cultivated and produc-\\ntive. The Rahway river passes through and partially bounds the\\ntownship on the south on this stream are numerous mill and man-\\nufacturing establishments. There are in the township 1 paper-m., 14\\nflouring-m., 4 grist-m., 5 saw-m. cap. in manufac. $355,525 1\\nacad., 41 students, 7 schools, 244 scholars. Pop. 2,533.\\nRahway was originally settled by the descendants of the set-\\ntlers of Elizabethtown. The first dwellings appear to have been\\nbuilt about 1720. The lower part of the village was almost\\nentirely settled by Friends. The place is supposed to have de-\\nrived its name from an Indian chief named Rahwack, who is said\\nto have lived where the town now stands.\\nThe annexed engraving is a view of the hotel and some other\\nbuildings in the central part of Rahway a stopping-place for", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0194.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "ESSEX COUNTY. 189\\ncars of the New Jersey railroad, 10 miles SW. of Newark, 19\\nfrom New York, 1 1 from New Brunswick, and 38 from Trenton.\\nThe town or village of Rahway lies at the head of tide water, 5\\nmiles from the mouth of Rahway river. Schooners of the largest\\nsize are able to ascend the whole distance. It is divided by the\\ncounty line, which mainly follows the river, into two parts, called\\nUpper and Lower Rahway. The latter, formerly known by the\\nname of Bridgetown, lies within the township of Woodbridge,\\nMiddlesex co., and includes Leesville the former is a part of the\\ntownship of Rahway proper, and includes the small village of Mil-\\nton. The population of the village in all its detached parts is\\n4,500. There are in the town 5 houses for public worship, 2 for\\nFriends, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, and 1 Baptist an Episcopal\\nchurch is now about being erected. Rahway enjoys excellent\\nadvantages for a liberal education for youth of both sexes. It has\\na classical boarding-school, where boys are prepared for college.\\nThe Rahway Female Institute, an excellent boarding-school for\\nyoung ladies, has been for several years in successful operation.\\nThere are in the place a bank, an insurance-office, and about 30\\nstores.\\nRahway derives its principal support from its manufactures.\\nThese are chiefly carriage-making, in all its branches, hats, and\\nclothing. Previous to the late commercial embarrassments, there\\nwere 12 large factories for making carriages, several large hat\\nfactories, and the value of ready-made clothing amounted to about\\nhalf a million of dollars yearly. There are also manufactured\\nhere stoves, earthen and stone ware there is an extensive factory\\nfor the dyeing, dressing, and printing of silks another for print-\\ning calicoes, and a third for fulling cloth and the manufacture of\\nsatinets. An iron foundry has been recently established.\\nAbraham Clark, a signer of the Declaration of Independence,\\nwas born about one and a half miles from Rahway village, on the\\nupper road to Elizabethtown, Feb. 15th, 1726. He was the only\\nchild of Thomas Clark, one of the aldermen of Elizabethtown.\\nHe had naturally a weak constitution and a slender form, which,\\nthough educated a farmer, prevented him from engaging in any very\\nlaborious pursuits. His principal occupations in early life were\\nsurveying, conveyancing, and giving legal advice. He was not by\\nprofession a lawyer, but gave advice gratuitously, and by his gen-\\nerosity procured for himself the honorable title of the Poor Man s\\nCounsellor He successively held the offices of high sheriff, com-\\nmissioner for settling undivided lands, and clerk of the colonial\\nassembly. In 1776 he was appointed one of the delegates to the\\ncontinental congress. He continued to be elected to a seat in\\ncongress most of the time during the continuance of the old con-\\nfederation and after the adoption of the federal constitution was\\nelected a member of the house of representatives of the United\\nStates. Mr. Clark retired from public life in June, 1794, and in\\nthe autumn of the same year experienced a coup de soleil, or stroke of", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0195.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "190 ESSEX COUNTY.\\nthe sun, which caused his death in two hours. In private life he\\nwas reserved and contemplative. Limited in his circumstances,\\nmoderate in his desires, and unambitious of wealth, he was far\\nfrom being parsimonious in his private concerns, although a rigid\\neconomist in public affairs.\\nThe feelings which actuated Mr. Clark during his public life ap-\\npear to have been very remarkably disinterested. He scrupulously\\nrefrained from exerting his influence with congress in favor of his\\nsons, who were officers in the American army. In one instance,\\nhowever, paternal feeling was exercised with propriety. Thomas\\nClark, one of his sons, a captain of artillery, was taken prisoner\\nand immured in a dungeon, with no other food than that which\\nwas introduced by his fellow-prisoners through a key-hole. On a\\nrepresentation of this fact to congress, retaliation was resorted to\\nupon the person of a British captain the desired result was pro-\\nduced, and Capt. Clark s sufferings were mitigated.\\nThe following inscriptions are copied from monuments in the\\ngraveyard at Rah way\\nSacred to the memory of the Rev. Aaron Richards, of Raway, who deceased May\\n16th, 1793, aged 75 years, and in the 45th year of his ministry.\\nAll who knew the man will join\\nTheir friendly sighs and tears to mine\\nFor all who knew his merits must confess,\\nIn grief for him there can be no excess.\\nHis soul was form d to act each glorious part\\nOf life unstain d with vanity or art.\\nNo thought within his generous mind had birth,\\nBut what he might have own d in heaven and earth.\\nIn memory of Abraham Clark, Esq., who died Sept. 15th, 1794, in the 69th year of\\nhis age. Firm and decided as a patriot, zealous and faithful as a public servant, he\\nloved his country, and adhered to her cause in the darkest hours of her struggle against\\noppression.\\nMr. John Lawrence, who, Nov. 6th, first drew his breath, and Oct. 16th, 1766, yield-\\ned to death.\\nFrom London truly famed came I\\nWas born in Stains, a place near by;\\nIn Ra*-way at old age did die\\nAnd here intomb d in earth must lie,\\nTill Christ ye dead calls from on high.\\nSPRINGFIELD.\\nSpringfield was formed from Newark and Elizabeth, in 1793.\\nIt is about 6 miles long, and 4 wide bounded N. by Livingston, E.\\nby Clinton and Union, SW. by Westfield and New Providence, and\\nW. by Chatham, Morris co. The surface is generally hilly the\\nShort Hills passing through it centrally. Rahway river, with sev-\\neral branches, is on its eastern boundary, on which are numerous\\nmills and factories. There are in the township 1 1 paper-m., 3", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0196.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "ESSEX COUNTY,\\nin manufac. $158,694;\\n191\\n7 schools, 453\\ngrist-m., 2 saw-m. cap\\nscholars. Pop. 1,651.\\nThe village of Springfield is on the turnpike road from Eliza-\\nbethtown to Morristown, 6 miles from the former, 1 1 from the lat-\\nter, 8 SW. from Newark, and 50 from Trenton. It is at the foot\\nof the Short hills, or First mountain, near Rahway river. It is a\\nWestern View in Springfield.\\npleasant village, containing about 200 houses, a Presbyterian and\\na Methodist church, 5 stores, 10 paper-mills, with a number of hat\\nand shoe manufactories. The annexed engraving shows, on the\\nright, the Presbyterian church on the left, the Methodist church\\nand the ancient parsonage. The parsonage was one of the few\\ndwellings preserved, when the British burnt the village and church,\\nin 1780. After the church was destroyed, public worship was for\\nsome months performed in the parsonage, until the barn was ren-\\ndered in a measure convenient for that purpose where meetings\\nwere held until the present Presbyterian church was completed, in\\n1790 or 1791.\\nThe following historical items were derived from two manuscript\\nsermons one delivered by the present pastor of the Presbyterian\\nchurch, Rev. J. C. Hart, July 4th, 1840 the other by a former pas-\\ntor, in 1823.\\nThe time the earliest white inhabitants established themselves\\nin Springfield, cannot now be ascertained with certainty. The\\nearliest accurate date is the year 1717, when the Briant family\\ncame here, from Hackensack. The next authentic date is from a\\ntomb-stone of Mr. William Stites, in the old burying-ground, hav-\\ning the date of 1727. When Mr. Briant s family came, there were\\nonly three houses between Elizabeth and Morristown. Springfield\\noriginally belonged both to the township and parish of Elizabeth-\\ntown and it is said that the people were accustomed to walk\\nthither to church, from this place, Union, and Westfield. In 1738,\\nit is believed that there were only three houses in the village of\\nSpringfield; which were occupied by Thomas Denman and the", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0197.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "192 ESSEX COUNTY.\\nVan Winckle and Whitehead families. It is probable that the\\nnorthern part of the township was first settled, inasmuch as the\\nfirst meeting-house and burying-ground were situated there, about\\nhalf a mile north of the present residence of Mr. Aaron Dean.\\nThe first Presbyterian church in this place was organized by the\\npresbytery of New York, in 1745 and was originally a branch of\\nthat at Connecticut Farms. About that period the first church\\nwas built. In 1746, the Rev. Timothy Symmes became pastor, in\\nconnection with the church at New Providence, and continued un-\\ntil 1750. He was the grandfather of Capt. Symmes, whose novel\\ntheory of the structure of the earth excited so much attention, a\\nfew years since. The second house of worship was probably\\nerected in 1761 or 1762, on the site of the present church. After\\na vacancy of 13 years, the Rev. Mr. Ker, a native of Baskingridge,\\nwas settled over the congregation, in 1763. He remained only two\\nyears. In 1774, he was succeeded by Rev. Jacob Vanarsdalen,\\nwho was dismissed on account of ill health, in 1801, and died in\\nthis place, in 1803. His successor was Rev. Gershom Williams,\\ninstalled Aug. 1803, and dismissed in 1818. He was succeeded by\\nRev. James W. Tucker, of Danbury, Conn., who was installed\\nAug. 1818, and died in 1819.\\nThe following account of the battle fought at Springfield, June\\n23d, 1780, and some of the previous events, are from newspapers\\npublished at the time\\nExtract from a Letter from Morristown, June 9. The day before yesterday the ene-\\nmy came out from New York via Staten Island, and landed at Elizabethtown about\\n5,000 men. Our army all moved to meet them. The militia turned out with spirit\\nskirmishing in abundance. One militia-captain, with four men, took sixteen British.\\nIt is said the enemy intended for this town. They have been between Connecticut\\nFarms and Springfield, and burnt every house in the former, (about twenty in number,)\\nexcept one. They have been driven back to Elizabethtown Point, where they lie behind\\nour old intrenchments. Our army is at the Short Hills, this side of Springfield. The\\nmilitia are near the enemy, and keep a constant popping at them. I believe New York\\nis very bare of troops. The tories were so sure of the enemy s succeeding, that they\\nsent word to their friends in Elizabethtown that they should pay them a visit the day\\nafter the enemy came over. They are balked the affair is not settled yet. Mr. Lud-\\nwig, of your city, and baker-general of the army, was in the action, and taken a pris-\\noner.\\nExtract from a Letter from Baskingridge, dated June 10, 1780. On Tuesday night,\\nthe 6th inst., the enemy landed at Elizabethtown Point, and early on Wednesday morn-\\ning advanced in force as far as Connecticut Farms, within about two miles of Spring-\\nfield. The Jersey brigade, which lay at Elizabeth, skirmished with them all the way up\\nand such of the militia as could collect joined in opposing their progress, and fought in\\nsuch a manner as does them great honor, and if possible exalts the reputation of the\\nJersey militia. Their progress was stopped at a small bridge, by a single cannon, aided\\nprobably by their own apprehensions.\\nThe skirmishing was very smart and bold on our part, so as to do them considerable\\ndamage but as they continued to advance, but few of their killed and wounded fell in-\\nto our hands. They wounded four officers of the Jersey brigade, and killed one a Mr.\\nOgden. I am uncertain of the number of men killed and wounded and two of them\\n(British) have come to this place, which is the nearest hospital.\\nGen. Knyphausen commanded in person, and it is said they brought with them seven\\ndays provisions, a great number of wagons, c, as if they intended to make a stand\\nat some distance in the country, perhaps on the First mountain but a detachment of our\\narmy, marching down as far as Springfield to meet them, arrived in the evening within", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0198.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "ESSEX COUNTY. 193\\ntwo or three miles of the enemy, and halted until next morning, when a battle was ex-\\npected. The enemy, in the mean time, not by moonlight, but under cover of a dark\\ncloud, attended with some rain, retreated to Elizabethtown Point, where they have re-\\nmained quiet ever since. Gen. Washington remains, with the main body of our army,\\nat the Short Hills. Gen. Maxwell, with some militia, lie as an advanced party, at or\\nnear Elizabeth.\\nSince the enemy have been at Elizabethtown Point, a party of sixteen of our militia\\nhave been out upon a scout fell in with seventeen of the enemy, whom they brought\\noff, with their arms, without firing a gun.\\nWe are informed that the enemy still continue at Elizabethtown Point, inactive, ex-\\ncept scouting parties, that are daily skirmishing with our militia in several of which\\nthe militia have fought with great spirit, and been successful. Our loss is computed to\\nbe about thirty killed and wounded, Capt. Reves being among the former. The enemy s\\nloss is said to be 150 killed, and as many more wounded.\\nAnnexed is the report of Gen. Greene, relating to the action at\\nSpringfield, and the burning of it by the British, June 23d, 1780.\\nIn communicating this report to congress, Washington remarked\\nThe conduct of the enemy giving us reason to suspect a design against West Point,\\non the 21st the army, except two brigades and the horse, (left under the command of\\nGen. Greene, to cover the country and our stores,) was put in motion, to proceed slowly\\ntowards Pompton. On the 22d it arrived at Rockaway bridge, about 11 miles from\\nMorristown. The day following the enemy moved in force from Elizabethtown toward\\nSpringfield. They were opposed, with great conduct and spirit, by Maj. Gens. Greene\\nand Dickinson, with the continental troops, and such of the militia as had assembled.\\nBut, with their superiority of numbers, they of course gained Springfield. Having burnt\\nthe village, they retired the same day to their former position. In the night they aban-\\ndoned it, crossed over to Staten Island, and took up their bridge. I beg leave to refer\\ncongress to Gen. Greene s report for particulars.\\nThe enemy have not made their incursion into this state without loss. Ours has\\nbeen small. The militia deserve every thing that can be said, on both occasions. They\\nflew to arms universally, and acted with a spirit equal to any thing I have seen in the\\ncourse of the war.\\nMajor General Greene s Report.\\nSpringfield, June 24, 1780.\\nSir I have been too busily employed, until the present moment, to lay before your\\nexcellency the transactions of yesterday.\\nThe enemy advanced from Elizabethtown about five in the morning said to be\\nabout five thousand infantry, with a large body of cavalry, and fifteen or twenty pieces\\nof artillery. Their march was rapid and compact. They moved in two columns one\\non the main road, leading to Springfield the other on the Vauxhall road. Maj. Lee,\\nwith the horse and piquets, opposed the right column, and Col. Dayton, with his regi-\\nment, the left and both gave as much opposition as could have been expected from so\\nsftiall a force.\\nOur troops were so extended to guard the different roads leading to the several\\npasses over the mountain, that I had scarcely time to collect them at Springfield, and\\nmake the necessary dispositions, before the enemy appeared before the town when a\\ncannonade commenced between their advance and our artillery, posted for the defence\\nof the bridge. The enemy continued manoeuvring in our front for upwards of two hours,\\nwhich induced me to believe they were attempting to gain our flanks. My force was\\nsmall, and, from the direction of the roads, my situation was critical. I disposed of our\\ntroops in the best manner I could to guard our flanks, to secure a retreat, and oppose the\\nadvance of their columns.\\nCol. Angell, with his regiment and several small detachments, and one piece of ar-\\ntillery, was posted to secure the bridge, in front of the town. Col. Shrieve s regiment\\nwas drawn up at the second bridge, to cover the retreat of those posted at the first.\\nMaj. Lee, with his dragoons, and the piquets commanded by Capt. Walker, was posted\\nat Little s bridge, on the Vauxhall road and Col. Ogden was detached to support him.\\nThe remainder of Gen. Maxwell s and Stark s brigades were drawn up on the high\\ngrounds at the mill. The militia were on the flanks. Those under the command of\\nGen. Dickinson made a spirited attack upon one of the enemy s flanking parties but\\nhis force was too small to push the advantage he had gained.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0199.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "194\\nESSEX COUNTY.\\nPlan of the\\nBattle of Springfield, fought\\nJune 23, 1780.\\n[References. A. Church. B. Parson-\\nage. E. First bridge on the main road.\\nC. Second bridge. J. Vauxhall bridge,\\nor Little s. D. Station of the Ameri-\\ncan troops, on rising ground. F. Prin-\\ncipal pass over the Short Hills. H, G, I.\\nOther passes. K. High grounds and\\nmill, supposed to be the same as the first\\nrange of hills in rear of Byram s tavern.\\nNote. This map was drawn in 1842.]\\nWhile the enemy were making demonstrations on their left, their right column ad-\\nvanced on Maj. Lee. The bridge was disputed with great obstinacy, and the enemy\\nmust have received very considerable injury but by fording the river, and gaining the\\npoint of the hill, they obliged the major with his party to give up the pass.* At this\\ninstant their last column began the attack on Col. Angell. The action was severe, and\\nlasted about forty minutes, when superior numbers overcame obstinate bravery, and\\nforced our troops to retire over the second bridge. There the enemy were warmly re-\\nceived by Col. Shrieve s regiment but as they advanced in great force, with a large\\ntrain of artillery, he had orders to join the brigade.\\nAs the enemy continued to press our left, on the Vauxhall road, which led directly\\ninto our rear, and would have given them the most important pass, and finding our\\nfront too extensive to be effectually secured by so small a body of troops, I thought it\\nmost advisable to take our post upon the first range of hills, in the rear of Byram s\\ntavern, where the roads are brought so near a point that succor might readily be given\\nfrom one to the other. This enabled me to detach Col. Webb s regiment, commanded\\nby Lieut. Col. Huntington, and Col. Jackson s regiment, with one piece of artillery,\\nwhich entirely checked the advance of the enemy on our left, and secured that pass.\\nBeing thus advantageously posted, I was in hopes the enemy would have attempted\\nto gain the heights but discovering in them no disposition for attacking us, and seeing\\nthem begin to fire the houses in town, detachments were ordered out, on every quarter,\\nto prevent their burning buildings not under the immediate command of their cannon\\nand musketry. In a few minutes they had set fire to almost every house in town, and\\nbegun their retreat. Capt. Davis, with a detachment of 120 men, several smaller par-\\nties, with a large body of militia, fell upon their rear and flanks, and kept up a con-\\ntinual fire upon them, till they entered Elizabelhtown, which place they reached about\\nsunset. Stark s brigade was immediately put in motion, on the first appearance of a\\nretreat, which was so precipitate that they were not able to overtake them.\\nThe enemy continued at Elizabethtown Point until 12 o clock at night, and then\\nbegan to cross their troops to Staten Island. By six this morning, they had totally\\nevacuated the Point, and removed their bridge. Maj. Lee fell in with their rear-guard,\\nbut they were so covered by their works, that little or no injury could be done them. He\\nmade some refugee prisoners, and took some tories, which they abandoned to expedite\\ntheir retreat.\\nI have the pleasure to inform your excellency, that the troops who were engaged\\nbehaved with great coolness and intrepidity, and the whole of them discovered an im-\\nProbably the first bridge.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0200.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "ESSEX COUNTY. 195\\npatience to be brought into action. The good order and discipline which they exhibited\\nin all their movements, do them the highest honor. The artillery, under the command\\nof Lieut. Col. Forest, was well served. I have only to regret the loss of Captain\\nThompson, who fell at his side by a cannon-ball.\\nIt is impossible to fix with certainty the enemy s loss but as there was much close\\nfiring, and our troops advantageously posted, they must have suffered very considerably.\\nI herewith enclose your excellency a return of our killed, wounded, and missing,\\nwhich I am happy to hear is much less than I expected, from the heavy fire they sus-\\ntained.\\nI am at a loss to determine what was the object of the enemy s expedition. If it\\nwas to injure the troops under my command, or to penetrate further into the country,\\nthey were frustrated. If the destruction of this place, it was a disgraceful one. I la-\\nment that our force was too small to save the town from ruin. I wish every American\\ncould have been a spectator they would have felt for the sufferers, and joined to revenge\\nthe injury.\\nI cannot close this letter without acknowledging the particular services of Lieut.\\nCol. Barber, who acted as deputy adjutant-general, and distinguished himself by his ac-\\ntivity in assisting to make the necessary dispositions.\\nI have the honor to be, c. N. GREENE, Major-General.\\nThere were a number of prisoners made, but as they went to Morris, I had no return\\nof them.\\nTo his excellency General Washington.\\nReturn of the killed, wounded, and missing, in the action of the 23i of June, 1780.\\nSpringfield Artillery Killed, 1 captain, 2 sergeants wounded, 2 matrosses.\\nAngell s Regiment Killed, 1 sergeant, 5 rank and file wounded, 1 captain, 3 subs.,\\n3 sergeants, 25 rank and file missing, 3 rank and file.\\nShrieve s Regiment Killed, 1 rank and file wounded, 1 sergeant, 2 rank and file\\nmissing, 2 rank and file.\\nDayton s Regiment Killed, 2 rank and file wounded, 1 sub., 6 rank and file miss-\\ning, 4 rank and file.\\nSpencer s Regiment Wounded, 1 sergeant.\\nLee s Detachment Killed, 1 rank and file wounded, 4 rank and file.\\nTotal Killed, 1 captain, 3 sergeants, 9 rank and file wounded, 1 captain, 4 subs.,\\n5 sergeants, 37 rank and file, 2 matrosses missing, 9 rank and file.\\nThe return of Davis s detachment I could not get, he having marched off the next\\nmorning after the action. The return of the militia I cannot get. They had none killed,\\nbut about 12 wounded.\\n(Signed) F. BARBER, Lieut. Col.\\nUNION.\\nUnion was formed from Elizabeth in 1808. It is 5 miles long,\\nwith an average width of 4f miles bounded N. by Clinton E. by-\\nElizabeth S. by Rahway, and W. by Springfield and Westfield,\\nfrom which it is divided by Rahway river. The face of the town-\\nship is undulating, the soil rich, easily tilled, very productive, and\\nwell watered with fine streams. It is said that when Washington\\nwas passing through this section, he pronounced it the garden of\\nNew Jersey, on account of its beauty and fertility. There are\\nlarge tracts of turf meadow in Union, containing probably about\\n500 acres, the largest of which lies directly south of the church.\\nThe turf or peat is dug out in the summer, and dried under sheds\\nerected in the meadows, where it remains about one year to dry,\\nwhen it is used extensively as fuel. The inhabitants are principal-\\nly agriculturists, who are generally in comfortable circumstances.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0201.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "]96 ESSEX COUNTY\\nThere are 2 grist-m., 4 saw-m. 1 academy, 5 schools, 183 scholars.\\nPop. 1,482.\\nThe village of Union, or, as it is generally known, Connecticut\\nFarms, 1 is in the northern part of the township, 4 miles NW. from\\nElizabethtown, 6 SW. from Newark, and 47 from Trenton. It con-\\ntains the Post Office, Presbyterian church, and about 30 dwellings\\nin the immediate vicinity. This place was originally known as\\nWade s Farms, from early settlers of that name, who resided in\\nthis section. Previous to 1749, a number of families from Connec-\\nticut purchased a large tract of land here, and divided it into farms\\nof a convenient size, and gave it the name of Connecticut Farms.\\nThe favorable traits of New England character are still retained\\namong the inhabitants.\\nThe first pastor of the Presbyterian church at this place, of whom\\nany information can be obtained, was the Rev. Mr. Horton but\\nthe date of his settlement and removal is unknown. The Rev.\\nMr. Thane was settled in 1 749, and removed in 1 757. Rev. Mr.\\nDerbe was settled in 1758, and continued about two years Rev.\\nBenjamin Hait was settled in 176G, and died in 1779. Rev. Mr.\\nFish was settled in 1789, and removed in 1799. He was succeed-\\ned by Rev. Samuel Smith in 1800, who died the next year. Rev.\\nStephen Thompson, the next minister, was settled in 1802, and re-\\nmoved in 1834, and was succeeded by Rev. Robert Street, the\\npresent pastor, in 1835.\\nDuring the revolution, this place was visited by the enemy, and\\ntheir path was marked by desolation and blood. When the British\\narmy, under General Knyphausen, were on their march from Eliza-\\nbethtown toward Springfield, June 7, 1780, they burnt the church,\\nparsonage, and several dwellings at Connecticut Farms. These\\nwere the houses of Benjamin Thompson, Moses Thompson, John\\nWade, Robert Wade all on the road running east from the meet-\\ning-house Caleb Wade at the foot of the hill on which the church\\nstands. Before the dwellings were destroyed, they were searched,\\nand every thing of a portable character carried off. Not any thing\\nwas left. Even the beds were ripped open, the feathers thrown\\ninto the street, and the ticking taken for clothing. The next day,\\nit is said, the feathers were seen thickly strewn upon the ground.\\nThe few little valuables of the inhabitants, easily removed, were\\nsecured, and sometimes in a singular manner. For instance, what\\nlittle silver they possessed, as spoons, c, some would bury in the\\nground, others hide in the ash-hole, and some cast into the well.\\nIn two or three years after, the meeting-house was rebuilt on\\nthe same spot, and the parsonage also reconstructed on its former\\nsite.\\nAt the time the parsonage was burnt, and for a few months pre-\\nvious, it was occupied by the family of the Rev. James Caldwell,\\npastor of the First Presbyterian church at Elizabethtown, to which\\nthey had resorted for greater security.\\nMrs. Caldwell was the daughter of John Ogden, Esq., of Newark. Her amiable", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0202.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "ESSEX COUNTY. 197\\ndisposition, piety, and exemplary deportment had obtained for her the very particular\\nrespect and attachment of all who knew her. Her life had evinced she was worthy of\\nthe sphere in which she had moved, and prepared for the event which now prematurely\\nbefell her. She was the mother of nine children, the eldest of whom was sixteen years\\nold, and the youngest an infant.\\nAlthough Mrs. Caldwell was apprized of the approach of the enemy in season to\\nescape, her mind was made up on this subject, and she resolved, in humble reliance on\\nDivine Providence, to remain at home. When the enemy were entering the village, she\\nwithdrew from the apartment she usually occupied, into one more retired, for the purpose\\nof devotion, as well as security, with her infant in her arms. The maid who had ac-\\ncompanied her to this secluded apartment, and had charge of the other small children,\\non looking out of a window into the back yard, observed to Mrs. Caldwell that a red-\\ncoat soldier had jumped over the fence, and was coming up to the window with a gun.\\nHer youngest son, nearly two years old, playing upon the floor, on hearing what the\\nmaid said, called out, Let me see! let me see and ran that way. Mrs. Caldwell\\nrose from sitting on a bed very near and at this moment the soldier fired his musket at\\nher through the window. It was loaded with two balls, which both passed through her\\nbody. The surrounding buildings, and the house in which this deed was perpetrated,\\nwere soon after set on fire. It was with difficulty the dead body of Mrs. Caldwell\\ncould be preserved from the general destruction that ensued. After it had lain some-\\ntime exposed in the open street, and in the hot sun, liberty was obtained to place her re-\\nmains in a small dwelling-house* on the opposite side of the road, which had survived\\nthe general conflagration.\\nThe following night Mr. Caldwell spent at the Short Hills, near Springfield. He\\nretired to rest in the evening in excessive anxiety respecting the fate of his wife and\\nchildren. In his sleepless state he overheard two men in an adjoining room talking on\\nthe subject of the death of Mrs. Caldwell. He rose quickly, and entered their room in\\ngreat agitation, and inquired what they had heard on the subject. They represented it\\nonly as a rumor, and probably a mistake, and persuaded him to return to his bed. The\\nremainder of the night was to him a season of painful suspense and anxiety. In the\\nmorning Mr. Caldwell procured a. flag, and proceeded with all possible speed to Connec-\\nticut Farms, to visit his family, and ascertain their fate. While yet at some distance,\\nhe discovered that the church and village were in ruins, and that the enemy had re-\\nturned to Staten Island and very soon he learned the truth of the afflicting rumor be-\\nfore received, that Mrs. Caldwell was no more. Her friends were assembled and the\\nfuneral service performed, with as much solemnity and order as the desolation and\\nalarm universally prevalent wouid permit. The inhuman murder of this estimable\\nlady, together with the wanton destruction of the village, produced a strong impression\\non the public mind, and served still more to confirm the settled hate of the well affect-\\ned against the British government.\\nAmong the traditions of the revolution, the following are chroni-\\ncled in the memory of some of the aged at this place\\nA house at Lyon s Farms, about three miles distant, was taken\\npossession of during the war by twenty-five Hessians, and made a\\nplace of rendezvous. Three daring men, viz. Matthias Wade,\\nBarnabas Carter, and Morehouse, determined to surprise and\\nrout them. The night was chosen, and their plan laid. Wade\\nwas to shoot the sentinel in front of the house, the report of whose\\ngun was to be the signal for the other two to raise a shout back of\\nthe dwelling and fire into the windows. The plan was completely\\nsuccessful. The terrified Hessians, supposing they were surround-\\ned by superior numbers, fled with all possible speed, leaving their\\nguns, ammunition, and other articles of value, to their victorious\\nenemies.\\nAt another time, five Hessian soldiers obtained possession of a\\nThen belonging to Capt. Henry Wade now rebuilt and occupied by Mr. Phineas\\nCrilley.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0203.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "j 98 ESSEX COUNTY.\\nhouse near the present residence of Mr. Jonathan Mulford, in the\\nsouth part of the township. No sooner was it known, than the\\ndwelling was entered by Jonas and Matthias Wade, and Elijah\\nTerrill. The latter was immediately clinched, and would have\\nbeen overcome by the superior strength of his antagonist, but for\\nthe timely assistance of one of his comrades, who ran the Hessian\\nthrough with his bayonet. The remaining four were then taken\\nprisoners.\\nAbout a quarter of a mile east of the meeting-house the road is\\ncrossed by a small brook, on either side of which the ground is\\nconsiderably elevated. On the western eminence, about sixty of\\nthe people planted themselves with only muskets, resolved to dis-\\npute the passage of the British army on their march from Eliza-\\nbethtown to Springfield and so well did they make their stand, that\\nfor several hours they kept the enemy at a stand, and prevented\\ntheir progress until their want of ammunition compelled them to\\nretreat.\\nAt this time, as the army were approaching the meeting-house,\\na Mr. Ball had stationed himself behind a shop at the foot of the\\nchurch hill, across the road, to watch the movements of the enemy.\\nAs he was looking from his hiding-place, to see how near they had\\napproached, a ball passed through his head, and brought him to\\nthe ground. On the opposite side of the street, directly in the\\nrear of the store of Mr. Wade, Abial Hays and James W. Wade\\nwere secreted behind a shoemaker s shop, and were eye-witnesses\\nto the fate of their friend. Unwilling to see him suffering without\\naffording assistance, Mr. Hays crossed the street in the face of the\\nenemy, carried away his wounded companion under cover of the\\nshop and house behind which the unhappy Ball had fallen, and\\nbore him to the house where Mr. Joel Searing now resides.\\nOn the same day, the enemy were repulsed on their approach to\\nSpringfield by a company of artillery under Capt. Little. This\\ncorps were drawn up on the eastern border of Springfield, on the\\nbank of the Rahway river. As soon as the British rose the hill\\nnear the stream, they opened a fire upon them with so good an\\neffect as to bring them to a pause, having killed one horse, dis-\\nmounted a cannon, and wounded some of the men. In consequence\\na council of war was held, and the march delayed until the next\\nday.\\nJersey Blues. The origin of this name is somewhat curious.\\nIt is said to have grown out of the following circumstance A\\nvolunteer company was formed in this vicinity, and furnished by\\nthe patriotic females with tow frocks and pantaloons dyed blue.\\nThey must have presented a singular appearance but they were\\nalso singularly efficient in the day of trial.\\nThe following inscriptions are from monuments in the grave-\\nyard adjoining the Presbyterian church. The first is that of the\\nmother of one of the first settlers.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0204.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "ESSEX COUNTY. 199\\nHere lyeth ye body of Ann Wade, wife of Benjamin Wade, deceased who departed\\nthis life July ye 31, A Domini 1737, in ye 88th year of her age.\\nWho knew him living must lament him dead,\\nWhose corpse beneath this Verdant Turf is laid.\\nBonnel, in Private Life, in Public Trust,\\nWas Wise and Kind, was Generous and Just.\\nIn Virtue s rigid Path unmoved he trod,\\nTo Self Impartial, pious to his God.\\nReligion s Patron, and a Patriot True,\\nA general Good, and private blessing too,\\nWhat Bonnel was, and what his Virtues were,\\nThe Resurrection day will best declare.\\nJoseph Bonnel, Esq., deceased March ye 14, 1747-8, in ye 63d year of his age.\\nIn remembrance of Capt. Cornelius Williams, who died July 4, 1831, aged 77 years.\\nHe served early and long in the revolution struggle was a brave soldier and a pleasant\\ncommander.\\nWESTFIELD.\\nWestfield was formed from Elizabeth in 1794. Its extreme\\nlength is 10 miles, with an average breadth of 5 miles. It is\\nPlainfield, from Randolph or Chestnut Hill.\\nbounded NE. by Springfield E. by Union and Rahway S. by\\nPiscataway and Woodbridge, Middlesex co. and westerly by\\nWarren, Somerset county, and New Providence. Much of the\\nsoil is fertile, and in a state of high cultivation. Rahway river\\nforms a part of the eastern boundary, and Green brook the western.\\nThere are in the township 12 stores, 1 paper fac, 5 flouring-m., 4\\ngrist-m., 1 saw-m. cap. in manufac. $110,530; 2 academies, 70\\nstudents, 14 schools, 444 scholars. Pop. 3,150.\\nThe large and thriving village of Plainfield is beautifully situ-\\nated on Green brook, in the SW. part of the township of West-\\nfield, on the line of the Elizabethtown and Somerville railroad, 20\\nmiles from Newark, 16 SW. from Elizabethtown, 11 from New", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0205.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "200 ESSEX COUNTY.\\nBrunswick, 25 from New York, and 45 from Trenton. The view\\nfrom which the annexed engraving was copied, was taken from an\\nelevation on the road to Rah way, upwards of a mile from the vil-\\nlage. Plainfield contains 7 stores, 8 tailoring and 6 hat manufac-\\nturing establishments, 2 wheelwrights, 5 blacksmiths, 2 grist and 3\\nsaw-mills, a Mutual Insurance company, established in 1832\\n2 fire-engines, 2 boarding-schools, viz. The Plainfield Family\\nSchool, and a Female Seminary. It has 7 houses for public\\nworship, viz. 1 Presbyterian, 2 Baptist, 1 Seventh-day Baptist, 2\\nFriends, and 1 Methodist there are about 300 dwelling-houses, and\\nnearly 1,500 inhabitants. The country around the town is rich,\\nwell cultivated, and healthy the society moral and religious, and\\nambitious of improvement. The neighboring mountain, about a\\nmile N. of the town, affords an abundant supply of cheap fuel, and\\nscreens the valley from the violence of the N. and NW. winds and\\nfrom its summit a fine prospect is presented to the S. and E. over a\\nspace of 30 miles.\\nThe first frame-building in Plainfield was erected in 1735, at\\nwhich period there were but a few scattered log huts and Indian\\nwigwams. In 1750 the first grist-m. was built, and in 1760 the first\\nschool-house. In 1788 the first meeting-house was erected by the\\nFriends. In 1808 the first hat manufactory was established. The\\nfirst Baptist church was erected in 1818 the Rev. Jacob Randolph\\nwas pastor eight years, when he died. Rev. Daniel T. Hill was\\nsettled as pastor in 1828 he remained till his resignation in 1839,\\nwhen he was succeeded by Rev. Simeon J. Drake. The Presbyte-\\nrian church was built in 1826 the Rev. Lewis Bond being its first\\npastor. The Methodist church was erected in 1832. The 2d Bap-\\ntist church, an elegant building, was erected in 1843; and Rev.\\nDaniel T. Hill chosen pastor. The Presbyterian society have laid\\nout a beautiful cemetery near the town.\\nThe Scotch Plains, so named from having been settled by Scotch\\nemigrants about 1684, is a rich agricultural vicinity, in the west\\npart of the township, where there is a Baptist church. This church\\n(says Benedict, in his History of the Baptists) is a branch of the\\nancient one in Piscataway, and was constituted in 1747, with 15\\nmembers. The first pastor was the Rev. Benjamin Miller, a native\\nof the place. He was ordained in 1748, and continued pastor till\\nhis death in 1781. He is said to have been a wild youth, but met\\nwith a sudden and surprising change, under a sermon of the cele-\\nbrated Gilbert Tennent. Rev. Wm. Vanhorn was settled in 1785,\\nand died in 1807, and was succeeded by Rev. Thomas Brown, of\\nNewark. From this church originated James Manning, D. D., the\\nfirst President of Brown University.\\nWestfield is 7 miles W. from Elizabethtown, on the line of the\\nElizabethtown and Somerville railroad. It is a neat village, con-\\nsisting of about 30 or 40 dwellings, in the vicinity of which is a\\nPresbyterian church. The following historical items are from a\\ndiscourse preached in January, 1839, by Rev. James M. Hunting,\\npastor of this church.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0206.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "ESSEX COUNTY.\\n201\\nThis parish was settled about the year 1720, by the English. The most common\\nnames among the early settlers here, were, as placed in alphabetical order, Acken, Badg-\\nley, Baker, Bryant, Brooks, Crane, Clark, Craig, Cory, Connet, Davis, Denman, Dun-\\nham, Frazee, Frost, Gennings, Hendrix, Hinds, High, Hetfield, Hole, Lambert, Littell,\\nLudlum, Meeker, Miller, Marsh, Mills, Pierson, Robinson, Ross, Spinnage, Scudder,\\nTucker, Terry, Williams, Woodruff* Willcox, Yeomans.\\nNortheast View of Wa siting ton s Rock.\\nPrevious to the erection of a church, the inhabitants attended\\npublic worship at Elizabethtown. The first place of public wor-\\nship was a log house, built about 1730, which stood where Deacon\\nWilliam Pierson recently resided. The congregation were called\\ntogether by the beating of a large drum. Soon after, a convenient\\nchurch was erected near the present site. In the revolutionary\\nwar it was much injured by the enemy, and the bell carried to New\\nYork. A minister was settled about 1730, by the name of Na-\\nthaniel Hubbel. The Rev. John Grant came in 1750 the Rev.\\nBenjamin Woodruff in 1759 the Rev. Thomas Picton in 1805 the\\nRev. Alexander Frazee in 1819 Rev. Edwin Holt in 1827 and\\nthe Rev. James M. Hunting in March, 1832.\\nAt an elevation of about 400 feet, on the brow of the mountain\\nin the rear of Plainfield, stands Washington s Rock. It is one of\\nvery large size being about 25 feet in height, and from 30 to 40\\n28", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0207.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "202 GLOUCESTER COUNTY.\\nin circumference. The bold projection which nature has given it\\nfrom the summit of the eminence, renders it a fine position for tak-\\ning an extensive view of the country below.\\nIn the summer of 1777, the American army was stationed at\\nvarious places on the plain below at New Market, Middlebrook,\\nc. After the retreat of Sir Wm. Howe from New Brunswick,\\nand upon his changing his movements, and marching from Amboy\\ntoward where Plainfield now is, Washington retreated to the\\nheights in face of the enemy. The advance guard of Howe s\\narmy fell in with Lord Sterling s division. A skirmish ensued,\\nand, upon the approach of the column under Cornwallis, Sterling\\nwas obliged to retreat. Howe pursued him to Westfield, and on\\nthe next day returned to Amboy. Washington, at this time, was\\non the rock, inspecting the operations of the armies on the plain.\\nAt various times he resorted to this place to ascertain the move-\\nments of the enemy. This circumstance has given the Rock a\\nKjff-o character to the people of the present day, which, in connec-\\ntion with the beautiful prospect it affords, has made it a place of\\nresort for parties of pleasure. The scene is one of uncommon\\nbeauty. The whole country, apparently, lies as level as a map at\\nthe feet of the spectator, for a circuit of 60 miles. On the left ap-\\npear the spires of New York city, part of the bay, Newark, Eliza-\\nbethtown, Rahway, and New Brighton. Directly in front are Am-\\nboy and Raritan bays. To the right New Brunswick, and heights\\nof Princeton and Trenton and far to the southeast the eye stretches\\nover the plains of Monmouth to the heights of Nevisink. Beauti-\\nful villages bedeck the plain and cultivated fields, farmhouses,\\nand numerous groves of verdant trees, are spread around in pleas-\\ning profusion.\\nGLOUCESTER COUNTY.\\nThe average length of Gloucester co. is about 26 m., breadth on\\nthe west end 26, and on the east 21m. It is bounded NE. by Bur-\\nlington co., SE. by Atlantic co., SW. by Salem co., and a small part\\nof Cumberland co., and NW. by the Delaware river. This county\\nwas first laid out in 1677, and had its boundaries definitely fixed\\nin 1709. The SE. bounds were recently altered by the formation\\nof the four eastern townships into Atlantic co. Gloucester co. is\\nof alluvial formation. In the NW. part reeds and other vegetable\\ndeposits have been found many feet under ground. Further in the\\ninterior, sea-shells are discovered in the soil. The surface of the\\ncounty is slightly undulating, the soil in the NW. half generally an\\nadmixture of clay and sand, and extremely fertile, yielding grain,\\ngrass, fruit, and vegetables in abundance; the Marl Region", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0208.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "GLOUCESTER COUNTY. 203\\npasses through this part of the county, and immense benefit has of\\nlate years been derived from its use, whole tracts having been reno-\\nvated by its agency. Large quantities of cordwood and timber\\nare taken to market from the SE. part, which, excepting occasional\\ncultivated clearings, is covered with a pine forest interspersed with\\nvillages, some of which contain glass-works. The county is wa-\\ntered by many streams those emptying into the Delaware furnish\\nthe means of transportation for the products of the county to Phil-\\nadelphia, the principal market for this section. The county is di-\\nvided into 10 townships, of which Deptford, Gloucester, Greenwich,\\nNewton, and Waterford, were incorporated in 1798. The follow-\\ning is the list of the present townships:\\nCamden, Franklin, Greenwich, Union, Washington,\\nDeptford, Gloucester, Newton, Waterford, Woolwich.\\nThe population of the townships now comprising Gloucester co.,\\nwas in 1810, 14,684; in 1820, 17,895; in 1830,20,267; in 1840,\\n25,445.\\nCAMDEN.\\nCamden* was formerly embraced in Newton township, from\\nwhich it was set off, and incorporated into a city by a charter\\npassed on the 13th Feb., 1828. The corporate limits of the city,\\ncontaining in area about 2 square miles, are bounded on the N. and\\nE. by Cooper s creek and Newton township, on the S. by Little\\nNewton creek, and on the W. by the river Delaware. Within the\\nliberties are included several farms and forests the actual city\\nextending in detached villages along the river, and leaving to the\\neastward ample room and verge enough for building and im-\\nprovement. The most northerly of these villages is Cooper s Point,\\nat which place were established the first settlement and ferry\\nthe next and largest is Camden proper, lying east of Windmill Isl-\\nand further down are South Camden and Kaighn s Point, lying\\nopposite the Philadelphia navy-yard, and reaching nearly to the\\nsouthern boundary of the city. The population in 1830, was 1,987,\\nand in 1840 it had increased to 3,366.\\nIn 1678, Samuel Norris purchased the land now occupied by\\nKaighnton and S. Camden, of Edward Byllinge and trustees part\\nof which was subsequently conveyed by him to Robert Turner, and\\nby him to John Kaighn. Further up, a tract was located on the\\n20th Sept., 1681, by Wm. Royden, a purchaser from the trustees of\\nByllinge. This included the land between Kaighn s line and what\\nis now called Cooper s-st. This tract was sold in 1689 to Wm.\\nCooper, who had before purchased Pyne Point, the same now\\ncalled Cooper s Point. A descendant of this individual, Jacob\\nCooper, bought from his predecessor 100 acres of land lying along\\nCommunicated for this work by Isaac Mickle, Esq., of Camden.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0209.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "204 GLOUCESTER COUNTY.\\nthe Delaware from Cooper s-st. to Joseph Kaighn s line, for the\\nsum of five shillings, as well as for the natural love and affection\\nborne him by the vendor. By a descendant of this gentleman\\nthe town of Camden was laid out, receiving its name from an Eng-\\nlish nobleman who had shown himself favorable to the American\\ncolonists. As early as 1695, a ferry to Philadelphia was established\\nhere, and the place bore the name of Cooper s Point until changed\\nto its present appellation. (MS. Lecture by Dr. Mulford.) In the\\nwar of the revolution it was an outpost for the British during their\\noccupancy of Philadelphia, and the remains of the barracks built,\\nby them are still visible on the farm of Joseph Cooper, Esq., at the\\nUpper Ferry.\\nThere are some reminiscences connected with the early history\\nof Camden which it may not be uninteresting to record. In 1632,\\nwhen Capt. De Vries returned from Holland, and found the friends\\nhe had left on the Delaware river murdered, and all the forts in\\npossession of the perfidious natives, he was compelled to pardon,\\nsays Gordon, where he could not safely punish. He entered into\\nnegotiation with the Indians, and his first care was to obtain pro-\\nvisions, under the pretence of furnishing which the natives decoy-\\ned him into Timmerkill, or Cooper s creek, where they designed to\\nmurder him and his crew, as they had already others in the same\\nplace on a former occasion. The persons thus betrayed, are sup-\\nposed by some to have been the colonists left a few years before\\nby Capt. Mey, in Fort Nassau, and by others the crew of a vessel\\nfrom Virginia. De Vries, not suspecting any snare, would have\\nmet a similar fate, but for the kindness of an Indian woman, who\\nboarded his vessel by stealth, informed him that one company had\\nalready been slaughtered in that place, and put him on his guard\\nagainst the meditated assault of her kindred. It is probable that\\nthe scene of the intended massacre was that part of Cooper s\\ncreek which lies opposite Ward s Mount for here the bank rises\\nabruptly on one side to a considerable height, while the channel is\\npartially filled with stones which have rolled down from the hill.\\nHaving grounded the vessel, which was small, the Indians could\\nhave assailed her with stones and arrows from the precipice, and\\nmade her crew an easy sacrifice. This incident concurs with a\\nthousand others, to show that kindness is an essential quality of\\nthe female heart, whether it beat in the savage or the belle and\\nthe true lover of virtue cannot but regret that the name of De\\nVries benefactress, because unknown, must remain forever unhon-\\nored and unsung.*\\nWindmill Island was formerly connected with the Jersey shore at Cooper s Point.\\nThe writer has before him a MS. letter from one Wm. Brown to Thomas Penn, dated\\nPhilad., 8th mo. 20th, 1761, from which the following is an extract I am now\\nwilling to offer two hundred and fifty pounds for the whole island, rather than take the\\nlease proposed tho John Kinsey, in his life-time, advised me to get a Jersey right for\\nThe incident here related forms the groundwork of a well- written tale in Miss Les.\\nlie s Magazine, called Yacouta, a Legend of West Jersey.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0210.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "I\\nGLOUCESTER COUNTY. 205\\nit, as there had been great strife with the Jersey people about the grass, (tho they tell\\nme where the grass grew then, it s gone, and gathered in this place,) and as that was not\\ncalled an island when our worthy proprietor bought the islands in the river with the\\nlower counties which I accordingly did. And, as a Jersey man informed me, he could\\nor did, when a boy, wade all the way from Cooper s Point to it and now it is very\\nshoal and stony all the way over, so that they claimed the right to it, till I bought it of a\\nJersey proprietor. Nevertheless, as our proprietors claim it, I am willing to pay them\\nfor it, if I can have the whole for what I dare venture to give. The wharfs having\\nnarrowed the western channel, and thrown an increased volume of water to the eastward\\nof the island, it is now severed from the Jersey shore. It now is most generally called\\nSmith s Island, from a man who purchased the Messenger of Peace, a Dutch vessel,\\nwhich brought out the news of the treaty of Ghent. The vessel, being condemned, was\\nrun upon the northwest corner of the island, and turned into a pleasure-house, in which\\nparties and dances were frequently held until 1841. In olden times the island was used\\nas the place of execution for pirates. In 1798, three were hung there at one time, and\\nwere left some days on the gibbet, a terrible example to all others in like cases offending.\\nThis island and bar being a great obstruction to the ferry navigation between Camden\\nand Philadelphia, the legislature of Pennsylvania authorized a ferry company, incorpo-\\nted by New Jersey, to cut a canal through it. The work was begun in 1837, under the\\nsuperintendence of Charles Loss, Esq., engineer of the Camden and Amboy railroad\\ncompany, and of Joseph Kaighn, John W. Mickle, and Edwin A. Stevens, of the board\\nof direction of the ferry company and was completed at a cost of about $40,000. It is\\nnow passable at all tides, and greatly facilitates the intercourse between the two sides\\nof the river.\\nWithin the memory of those living, the whole locality of Cam-\\nden was tilled as a farm, with but a few dwellings along the shore,\\noccupied by ferrymen. Then, long lines of black-cherry and mul-\\nberry trees stood in the highways, and numerous apple orchards\\nallured the holyday and truant boys from Philadelphia. Towards\\nthe end of the last century, indeed, the eccentric William Cobbett\\nand Matthew Carey fought a duel on a spot now the heart of the\\ncity, unperceived by any one but their seconds. Camden is exclu-\\nsively the fruit of the nineteenth century, and her past growth\\nwarrants every hope from the future. It is even now a place of\\nmuch business, containing 17 mercantile stores, 5 churches,\\n(Friends, Episcopalian, Baptist, and Methodist, the latter having\\none house for the whites and another for the blacks,) a bank, 3\\nnewspapers, 8 hotels, 4 lumber-yards, and many mechanical and\\nmanufacturing establishments. There are several public gardens,\\nresorted to, during the summer, by thousands from Philadelphia,\\nto which place there are 6 ferries, constantly plying, at low rates.\\nA bridge from Camden to Philadelphia was talked of some 30 years\\nago, and Mr. Edward Sharp procured the necessary enactments\\nfrom the two legislatures. A street a hundred feet wide was laid\\nout as a starting-place in Camden, and was called Bridge Avenue.\\nBut the project failed for want of funds, and the avenue is now\\noccupied by the Amboy Railroad. From Camden, roads diverge in\\nall directions and it is the termination of two railways, that\\nfrom Amboy, of which we have spoken, and another from Wood-\\nbury, the shire-town of Gloucester co.\\nThe following summary account of the death of Hutchinson\\nHeberton by the hands of Singleton Mercer, (Feb. 10th, .1843,) is\\ncopied from the newspapers published at the time. Mercer was\\nsubsequently tried for murder at Woodbury, and acquitted", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0211.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "206 GLOUCESTER COUNTY.\\nOn Tuesday and Wednesday last, considerable talk was produced by the sudden dis-\\nappearance of a young and handsome girl, aged about 16, named Sarah Mercer, the\\ndaughter of Thomas Mercer, 33 Queen-st., one of the most wealthy and respectable in-\\nhabitants of Southwark. A young man of this city, named Hutchinson Hebcrton, was\\narrested on suspicion of being concerned in her abduction, and taken before Alderman\\nMitchell, at the instance of the girl s brother, who threatened him then with instant death\\nif he refused, but was discharged in consequence of the girl s return to her parents on\\nWednesday evening. It was ascertained, however, that Heberton had seduced the\\nyoung girl, and that she had gone to a vile house where he had been in the habit of\\nmeeting her.\\nMiss Mercer s absence, as well as her return, according to all statements, was volun-\\ntary. The anguish of the family at the .knowledge of the dishonor that had fallen upon\\nthe daughter, no tongue can tell nor pen describe. To wipe out the stain so far as it was\\npossible so to do, a marriage was proposed to the seducer. This was declined on his\\npart, and the brother of the seduced then challenged him. This was also declined. The\\ninfuriate brother, stung almost to madness, determined not to be baulked in his revenge.\\nHe watched the movements of Heberton, and having ascertained that he was to leave\\nthe city on Friday afternoon or evening in a carriage, by way of Camden, he managed\\nto discover the same in the street, when he employed one of Vanselver s vehicles, driven\\nby a young man, to whom Mercer gave instructions, pointing out the carriage, to lose\\nsight of it on no condition, but keep close to it, and wherever it went to follow after it.\\nIn this carriage, in company with Heberton, was seated his legal friend and adviser, Jas.\\nC. Vandyke, Esq., from whose office the deceased had left, with the avowed object of\\npreventing a meeting with the misguided and excited Mercer. After having driven\\nthrough several streets, the carriage entered the ferry-boat John Fitch, then lying at\\nMarket-st. wharf. Mercer, following after, leaped from his vehicle unobserved, and con-\\ncealed himself behind a box on board the boat, armed with one of Colt s six-barrelled\\npistols. Shortly after, the carriage was driven on board with the blinds drawn up and\\nwhen within a few yards of the Jersey shore, Mr. V. got out of the same, walked around,\\nit is presumed, to see that all was safe, when Mercer approached the carriage and fired\\nfour balls into it in quick succession. One of them proved fatal, taking effect under the\\nleft shoulder-blade, and penetrated the heart. Heberton was conveyed to Cake s tavern,\\nin Camden, where he expired in a few minutes. The murderer was immediately arrest-\\ned, and upon his person was found the pistol, two barrels of which still retained their\\ncharge. His conduct during the remainder of the evening is represented as having been\\nwild and frantic, evidently laboring under the most intense excitement.\\nThe parties in the above lamentable drama are of the most wealthy and respectable\\ncharacter. Of the Mercers I have partly spoken and will only add, that the name of\\nthe murderer is Singleton Mercer for the past two or three years a clerk in the store of\\nCarson and Newbold, South Wharves not yet twenty years of age fond of society\\nand the world. The murdered Hutchinson Heberton, was the son of the late Dr. Heb-\\nerton, an estimable man, and who died possessed of great wealth. He is also related to\\nthe Messrs. Hebertons, merchants, Matthew Newkirk, and numerous other wealthy and\\nrespectable citizens. He was about 26 years of age, 5 feet 10 inches, and considered one\\nof the handsomest young men in Philadelphia. He formerly wore a mustache, but had\\nit shaved off on Wednesday last. He resided with his widowed mother, Ann Heberton,\\nNinth-st., near Arch, where his lifeless body was conveyed on Saturday afternoon\\nabout 4 o clock.\\nYoung Mercer was taken, by the Sheriff of Gloucester co., to the Woodbury jail, to\\nawait his trial for the dreadful deed he has committed, about 1 o clock yesterday, ac-\\ncompanied by two cousins and an attorney. He appeared perfectly calm and collected.\\nDEPTFORD.\\nDeptford is about 7 m. long, 6 wide. Bounded NW. by the Dela-\\nware river, NE. by Union and Gloucester, SE. by Washington, and\\nSW. by Greenwich. Its surface is undulating, soil well-cultivated\\nand highly productive in fruit and vegetables. There are in the\\ntownship, 5 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 3 fulling-m., 2 saw-m. cap.\\nin manufac. $32,900 7 schools, 662 scholars. Pop. 2,570.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0212.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "GLOUCESTER COUNTY.\\n207\\nThe first attempt to effect a settlement on the eastern shore of the Delaware, is be-\\nlieved to have been made within the limits of this township. About the year 1621, the\\nDutch West India Company dispatched a ship containing a number of persons fully\\nprovided with the means of subsistence, and articles of trade, under the command of\\nCornelius Jacobse Mey. This navigator entered Delaware bay, and gave his own name\\nto its northern cape. He explored the bay and river, and at length ianded and built a\\nfort on Sassackon, now Timber creek, on the NE. boundary of the township, and named\\nit Fort Nassau. The spot is one of great interest. Perhaps no vestiges now remain\\nto mark the place but it should be sought out and held in careful remembrance. The\\nrocky shore at Plymouth has almost become a nation s shrine multitudes meet there\\ntogether, on each returning year, to offer the homage of grateful hearts to Him who\\nguides the affairs of men. There are age and infancy the man in his strength, and the\\nmaiden in her beauty and bloom a people are gathered as to one home, and a holy bond\\nof brotherhood seems to encircle the whole. The spot upon the Delaware may not be so\\nrich in interest. The chain connecting the events at that place with our present con-\\ndition, may not be so perfect and entire. The actors were not our own people. But\\nstill, this was the first movement of civilized man upon our soil and we again say, let\\nthe place be held in remembrance.\\nThe site of old Fort Nassau is said to have been upon the farm of the Howell fam-\\nily, just below the mouth of Timber creek. The colonists soon fell beneath the toma-\\nhawk of the Indians. They were induced on some pretence, it is said, to enter Cooper s\\ncreek, with their vessel, on board of which they were attacked at great disadvantage and\\nmurdered.\\nView in Woodbury.\\nAdmonesson, 3 miles E. of Woodbury, contains a cotton factory\\nwith 1,200 spindles, 60 power-looms, and employs about 40 hands.\\nThere are about a dozen dwellings in the vicinity. Jobsville and\\nWestville contain respectively a few dwellings. Woodbury, the\\nseat of justice for Gloucester co., is pleasantly situated on Wood-\\nbury creek, near the centre of the township, 9 m. S. of Philadel-\\nphia, and 39 from Trenton. The annexed view was taken on the\\nN. bank of the creek, near the residence of Mrs. Harriet Arm-\\nstrong on the left is shown the bridge over the stream, just be-\\nyond which is the terminating point of the railroad from Camden.\\nThe large building, near the centre of the view, is the Friends\\nmeeting-house. The cupola of the courthouse is seen in the dis-\\ntance. There are in Woodbury the county buildings, all brick, ex-\\nFrom the Historical Lecture delivered by Dr. Mulford, before the Camden Lyceum\\nin the spring of 1842.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0213.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "208 GLOUCESTER COUNTY.\\ncepting the prison, which is of stone 1 Friends meeting-house, 1\\nPresbyterian church, (a large handsome brick structure,) a Meth-\\nodist church, also of brick, 1 newspaper printing-office, 12 mercan-\\ntile stores, 2 classical schools, an academy, 2 public libraries, sev-\\neral benevolent societies, 110 dwellings, and about 1,000 inhabit-\\nants. Several small vessels sail from here to Philadelphia with\\nthe produce of the country. The village is neatly built, and has\\nmany fine dwellings. In its vicinity are many fine orchards of ap-\\nples and plums. Woodbury was first settled in 1684, by Richard\\nWood, a native of Perry, in Lancashire, England. He had come\\nover with the first settlers of Philadelphia. Leaving his family in\\nthat city, he ascended the creek in a canoe, and, with the aid of\\nthe Indians, erected a rude dwelling. The whole process of build-\\ning, and removing his family, was accomplished in the short space\\nof one week. A brother shortly after arrived, and settling higher\\nup the stream, named the locality Woodbury.\\nIt seems the little colony soon became short of provisions, and\\nnone being nearer than Burlington, the male colonists started off\\nin canoes for that place to obtain some. A storm prevented their\\nreturn as soon as expected the provisions left for the women were\\nexhausted and the poor creatures, overwhelmed with grief, looked\\nfor nothing but starvation in a strange land, with none of their kin-\\ndred near to sooth their dying moments. Thus were they grouped\\ntogether at the bend of the creek, near where the graveyard now\\nis, watching, with tearful eyes, the flowing tide, and listening in\\nvain for the sound of the returning paddles, when an Indian wo-\\nman appeared on the opposite bank, saw they were in trouble, and\\nstopped. By their signs, she understood their wants, and then dis-\\nappeared in the shade of the forest. In an hour or two, (for she\\nhad gone several miles,) she returned, loaded with venison and\\ncorn bread. These she placed on a long piece of bark, and, walk-\\ning a good way to tide ward, set it afloat, and gave it a push across.\\nIt came to where the white women were, and its contents saved\\ntheir lives for their husbands returned not until such a length of\\ntime, that, but for her, starvation would have been inevitable.\\nLord Cornwallis was stationed in Woodbury, in the winter of\\n1777, with a body of British troops. His head-quarters were in the\\ndwelling now owned and occupied by Amos Campbell, Esq. It had\\nbeen vacated on the approach of the enemy. The soldiers pried\\nopen the doors and cupboards with their bayonets, marks of which\\nremain to the present day. The following anecdote illustrates the\\ngenerosity of disposition of this officer. Some of the soldiers seized\\nupon a valuable cow belonging to a strong whig, who called upon\\nhis lordship and requested the restoration of his property. Corn-\\nwallis questioned the man upon his political principles. He en-\\ndeavored, though unsuccessfully, to conceal them. Soon after his\\narrival at home, the animal was returned to him. The lamented\\nCapt. James Lawrence, of the U. S. navy, was once a student at\\nthe village academy, and resided with his brother John Lawrence,", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0214.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "GLOUCESTER COUNTY. 209\\nEsq. He is remembered as an amiable youth, quiet in manner, and\\ngenteel in person.\\nCounty Records. The oldest book of records in the Clerk s office of the county ex-\\ntend from 1686 to 1712, embracing a period of 26 years. The courts were intended to\\nbe holden at Gloucester and Red Bank alternately, but for some reason not explained by\\nthe records, the latter place was soon abandoned probably on account of the inconveni-\\nence of the location. Four or five county justices were generally in attendance, forming\\nthe bench. The courts of March and Dec, 1692, and Sept. 1694, were presided over by\\nEdward Hunloke, deputy governor, in person. Sept. 1698, the Hon. Jeremiah Bass,\\ngovernor, was present and in March, 1700, the Hon. Andrew Hamilton, governor, pre-\\nsided. Bass appears to have been decidedly unpopular officers and jurors could scarce-\\nly be procured and the courts under his administration did little more than meet and\\nadjourn. Hamilton, on the contrary, was a general favorite six magistrates sat with\\nhim, when in the county some of the most respectable and extensive families in the\\ncounty can claim members of that tribunal for their ancestry. The minutes of a court\\nheld in June, 1703, concludes thus Here ends the Proprietary Government of ye Pro-\\nvince of West New Jarsie, in America. Allegiance to the crown is acknowledged at\\nthe conclusion of every court afterwards, by inserting the phrase God save the Queen.\\n(The proceedings of the next court, after the Declaration of Independence was issued,\\nprove that a disposition to alter the phraseology very materially was predominant. In\\nthis instance God save the People brings up the rear and the worthy recorder ap-\\npears to have entertained no conscientious scruples about the waste of ink.)\\nThe first tax that was levied was for defraying county expenses, in 1697. Provincial\\ntaxes commenced in 1692. The first ferry to Philadelphia was from Gloucester appli-\\ncation for the keeping of one was granted by the court to William Royden, in 1687\\nthe next application was for one ovei Gloucester river, (Timber creek,) in 1693, which\\nwas granted in 1695, applications for the present middle ferrry at Camden, and from\\nGloucester to Wickaco (Greenwich Point,) were granted the first to Daniel Cooper, the\\nother to John Reading: the court established the rates. John Champion was authorized\\nto establish a ferry over Cooper s creek in 1702. A wolf bounty was established in 1688\\nand in the following year a direct tax was laid for defraying the expenses incurred there-\\nby. Panthers appear to have been included. The county was first divided into town-\\nships, or constablewicks, in 1694, according to an act of assembly. Waterford, New-\\nton, Gloucester, Deptford, and Greenwich, were the original townships.\\nAt the court held in Dec, 1695, it was ordered, That a prison be, with all convenient\\nexpedition, built, 16 feet long, 12 feet wide in the clear, and 8 foot high to be made of\\nloggs, with a floor of loggs above and below, covered with cedar shingles, and a parti-\\ntion in the middle. A modification of the above order was made at the next court.\\nThe dimensions were altered to 20 by 16 feet also a courthouse over the same, of a\\nconvenient height and largeness, covered of and with cedar shingles, well and workman-\\nlike to be made, and with all convenient expedition finished. In 1708, an addition was\\nordered upon the following plan That it join to the south end of the old one to be\\nmade of stone and brick, 12 foot in the clear, and 2 story high, with a stack of chimneys\\njoining to the old house and that it be uniform in breadth to the courthouse from the\\nfoundation. Sept. 1690, two prisoners were convicted of burglary the sentence was,\\nthat they should be burnt in the hand to the bone with the letter T, or be sold to the\\nmaster of some vessel in Barbadocs, Jamaica, or other adjacent island, for the term of\\n5 years. Both chose transportation. Licenses for houses of entertainment were first\\ngranted in 1692 three were applied for all in the town of Gloucester. Dec. 1693,\\nRichard Whitaker was tried, and found guilty of selling rum to the Indians, contrary\\nto the laws of the province. Sentenced to pay \u00c2\u00a33, with costs of suit. March, 1700,\\nthe court ordered that such assemblymen as require pay, receive 3 shillings per day for\\neach day s service, with allowance for one day going up, and another day coming down.\\nIn 1706, William Leak, of Egg Harbor, was fined ill 10s. 6rf. for contempt of authority.\\nFort Mercer is on the Delaware, within the limits of this town-\\nship, and Fort Mifflin on an island in the river distant a little\\nover 1 mile. These fortresses were scenes of important military\\noperations in the fall of 1777, just after the British troops had ta-\\nken possession of Philadelphia.\\nThe fortification at Red Bank was little more than an embank-\\n27", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0215.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "210\\nGLOUCESTER COUNTY.\\nment of earth and a ditch filled with brush and sharpened timber.\\nWe annex the account of the attack on Fort Mercer, given by the\\nMarquis de Chastellux in his Travels in North America. This\\nPLAN\\nOf Fort Mercer, at Red Bank, N. J*\\nREFERENCES.\\nA End of the fort at which the Hessians\\nentered.\\nB Small ditch, cross embankment and lo-\\ncation of the masked battery.\\nC Remains of the hickory-tree used during\\nthe battle as a flag-staff.\\nD Ruins of a brick wall in the middle of\\nthe artificial bank. Gateway.\\nE Count Donop s grave.\\nF Louis Whitall s house.\\nG Monument, erected in 1829.\\nH Pleasure-house.\\nI Marks of the trenches in which the slain\\nwere deposited.\\nK Road the Hessians marched to the at-\\ntack. Reeve s old road.\\nL Tenant house.\\nM Road to Woodbury.\\nN Direction of Fort Mifflin.\\nO Farm road.\\nNote. The works represented extend\\nabout 350 yards in a right line.\\ngentleman was a major-general in the army of Count Rochambeau.\\nHe visited the place in company with Lafayette and M. du Plessis\\nMauduit. His very interesting narration of the action is related\\nwith military perspicuity.\\nOur conductor was M. du Plessis Mauduit, who, in the double capacity of engineer\\nand officer oi artillery, had the charge of arranging and defending this post, under the\\norders of Col. Greene.\\nWe had not gone a hundred yards before we came to a small elevation, on which a\\nstone was vertically placed, with this short epitaph Here lies buried Col. Donop. t\\nM. de Mauduit could not refrain from expressing his regret for this brave man, who died\\nin his arms two days after the action. He assured us that we could not make a step\\nwithout treading on the remains of some Hessians, for near 300 were buried in the\\nfront of the ditch.\\nThe compilers are indebted to Messrs. T. S. E. Saunders, of Woodbury, for the\\nplan of Fort Mercer, made by them from actual survey, for this work, in April, 1842.\\nt Count Donop s remains have lately been disinterred and scattered abroad as relics,\\nto gratify an uncommendable curiosity. Compilers His. Coll. of N. J.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0216.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "GLOUCESTER COUNTY. 211\\nThe fort of Redbank was designed, as I have said above, to support the left of the\\nchevaux-de-frize. The bank of the Delaware, at this place, is steep but even this\\nsteepness allowed the enemy to approach the fort undercover, and without being exposed\\nto the fire of the batteries. To remedy this inconvenience, several galleys, armed with\\ncannon, and destined to defend the chevaux-de-frize, were posted the whole length of the\\nescarpement, and took it in reverse. The Americans, little practised in the art of forti-\\nfications, and always disposed to take works beyond their strength, had made those of\\nRedbank too extensive. When M. de Mauduit obtained permission to be sent thither\\nwith Col. Greene, he immediately set about reducing the fortifications, by intersecting\\nthem from east to west, which transformed them into a sort of large redoubt, nearly\\nof a pentagonal form. A good earthen rampart raised to the height of the cordon, a\\nfosse and an abattis in front of the fosse, constituted the whole strength of this post,\\nin which were placed three hundred men,* and fourteen pieces of cannon. The 22d of\\nOctober, in the morning, they received intelligence that a detachment of 2,500 Hessians\\nwere advancing, who were soon after perceived on the edge of a wood to the north of\\nRedbank, nearly within cannon shot. Preparations were making for the defence, when\\na Hessian officer advanced, preceded by a drum. He was suffered to approach but his\\nharangue was so insolent, that it only served to irritate the garrison, and inspire them\\nwith more resolution. The King of England, said he, orders his rebellious sub-\\njects to lay down their arms; and they are warned, that if they stand the battle, no\\nquarters whatever will be given. The answer was, that they accepted the challenge,\\nand that there should be no quarter on either side. At 4 o clock in the afternoon, the\\nHessians made a very brisk fire from a battery of cannon and soon after, they opened,\\nand marched to the first intrenchment, from which (finding it abandoned but not de-\\nstroyed) they imagined they had driven the Americans. They then shouted victoria,\\nwaved their hats in the air, and advanced towards the redoubt. The same drummer\\nwho a few hours before had come to summon the garrison, and had appeared as insolent\\nas his officer, was at their head, beating the march. Both he and that officer were\\nknocked on the head by the first fire. The Hessians, however, still kept advancing\\nwithin the first intrenchment, leaving the river on their right. They had already reached\\nthe abattis, and were endeavoring to tear up or cut away the branches, when they were\\noverwhelmed with a shower of musket shot, which took them in front and in flank for,\\nas chance would have it, a part of the courtinc of the old intrenchment, which had not\\nbeen destroyed, formed a projection at this very part of the intersection. M. de Mauduit\\nhad contrived to form it into a sort of caponiere, (or trench with loop-holes,) into which\\nhe threw some men, who flanked the enemy s left, and fired on them at close shot. Of-\\nficers were seen every moment rallying their men, marching back to the abattis, and fall-\\ning amidst the branches they were endeavoring to cut. Col. Donop was particularly\\ndistinguished by the marks of the order he wore, by his handsome figure, and by his\\ncourage. He was also seen to fall like the rest. The Hessians, repulsed by the fire of\\nthe redoubt, attempted to secure themselves from it by attacking on the side of the es-\\ncarpement but the fire from the galleys sent them back, with a great loss of men. At\\nlength they relinquished the attack, and regained the wood in disorder.\\nWhile this was passing on the north side, another column made an attack on the\\nsouth, and, more fortunate than the other, passed the abattis, traversed the fosse, and\\nmounted the berm but they were stopped by the fraises, and M. de Mauduit running to\\nthis post as soon as he saw the first assailants give way, the others were obliged to follow\\ntheir example. They still did not dare, however, to stir out of the fort, fearing a sur-\\nprise but M. de Mauduit wishing to replace some palisades which had been torn up, he\\nsallied out with a few men, and was surprised to find about twenty Hessians standing on\\nthe berm, and stuck up against the shelving of the parapet. These soldiers, who had\\nbeen bold enough to advance thus far, sensible that there was more risk in returning,\\nand not thinking proper to expose themselves, were taken and brought into the fort.\\nM. dc Mauduit, after fixing the palisades, employed himself in repairing the abattis. He\\nagain sallied out with a detachment and it was then he beheld the deplorable spectacle\\nof the dead and dying, heaped one upon another. A voice arose from amidst these car-\\ncases, and said, in English, Whoever you are, draw me hence. It was the voice of\\nCol. Donop. M. de Mauduit made the soldiers lift him up, and carry him into the fort,\\nThis corps were from Rhode Island, and were under the command of Col. Christo-\\npher Greene. A great portion of them were negroes and mulattoes, and the whole in a\\nragged, destitute condition but the fire of patriotism glowing within, rendered them com-\\nparatively indifferent to their personal sufferings. Compilers His. Coll. of N. J.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0217.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "212\\nGLOUCESTER COUNTY.\\nwhere he was soon known. He had his hip broken but whether they did not consider\\nhis wound as mortal, or that they were heated by the battle, and still irritated at the\\nmenaces thrown out against them a few hours before, the Americans could not help say-\\ning, aloud, Well is it determined to give no quarter I am in your hands, re-\\nplied the colonel you may revenge yourselves. M. de Mauduit had no difficulty in\\nimposing silence, and employed himself only in taking care of the wounded officer. The\\nlatter, perceiving he spoke bad English, said to him, You appear to me a foreigner,\\nsir who are you A French officer, replied the other. Je suis content, said\\nDonop, making use of our language je meurs entre les mains de I honneur meme.\\n[I am content I die in the hands of honor itself.] The next day he was removed to\\nthe Quaker s house, where he lived three days, during which he conversed frequently\\nwith M. de Mauduit. He told him that he had been long in friendship with M. de Saint\\nGermain that he wished, in dying, to recommend to him his vanquisher and benefactor.\\nHe asked for paper, and wrote a letter, which he delivered to M. de Mauduit, requiring\\nof him, as the last favor, to acquaint him when he was about to die. The latter was\\nsoon under the necessity of acquitting himself of this sad duty. It is finishing a noble\\ncareer early, said the colonel but I die the victim of my ambition, and of the avarice\\nof my sovereign.\\nFifteen wounded officers were found, like him, upon the field of battle. M. de Mau\\nduit had the satisfaction to conduct them himself to Philadelphia, where he was very\\nwell received by Gen. Howe.\\nRed Bank, from the Delaware River.\\nAn eye-witness, who the next day saw the Americans burying\\nthe bodies of Donop s men, testifies that some of them were perfo-\\nrated with wads, and others literally blown to pieces with shot so\\nnear were they to the fatal muzzles. Many of the wounded Hes-\\nsians were carried to the Whitall house, and those that died buried\\nin the vicinity.\\nThe bravery of the men, in this action, was equalled by the hero-\\nism of Mrs. Whitall. This lady, it is said, sat a spinning in the\\nfirst house below the battle-ground during the conflict, until a can-\\nnon-ball, whistling through the entry, induced her to take her\\nwheel into the cellar, where she continued to spin undisturbedly\\nthrough the whole engagement, although the dwelling was struck\\nseveral times by the shot from the British fleet playing on Fort\\nMercer.\\nOnly 32 Americans were killed, and many of these by the\\nbursting of one of their cannon.* A sword was voted by Congress\\nto Col. Greene, as a testimonial of his valor, which, after the war,\\nwas presented to his family, when he was no longer living to receive\\nThis piece is now in the vicinity, within one third of a mile of the fort.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0218.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "GLOUCESTER COUNTY. 213\\nit. He was, some time in the war, basely murdered by a band of\\nrefugees. Attacked in his quarters, his single arm laid several\\ndead at his feet, when, overpowered by numbers, and having\\nfought until the flesh was literally hacked from his bones, he fell a\\nvictim to their barbarity.\\nIn commemoration of the battle of Red Bank, a handsome monu-\\nment of gray marble has been erected just N. of the pleasure-house,\\nbearing the following inscription\\nThis Monument was erected on the 22d October, 1829, to\\ntransmit to posterity a grateful remembrance of the patriot-\\nism and gallantry of Lieut. Col. Christopher Greene, who,\\nwith 400 men, conquered the Hessian army of 2,000 troops,\\nthen in the British service, at the Red Bank, on the 22d Oct.,\\n1777. Among the wounded was found their commander,\\nCount Donop, who died of his wounds, and whose body is\\ninterred near the spot where he fell. A number of the New\\nJersey and Pennsylvania volunteers, being desirous to per-\\npetuate the memory of the distinguished officers and soldiers\\nwho fought and bled in the glorious struggle for American\\nIndependence, have erected this monument on the 22d day\\nof October, Anno Domini 1829.\\nFort Mifflin, says a late traveller,* is still garrisoned with U.\\nS. troops. The line of the embankment at Fort Mercer is yet\\nplainly seen and the place is now, as in the hour of our country s\\nperil, covered with a gloomy pine forest. Towards the close of a\\nfine afternoon I visited the battle-ground. Here and there a sail\\ndotted the Delaware, which lay calmly before me. A few solitary\\nfishermen were pursuing their accustomed avocations upon the\\nshore below the bank, and it seemed as though this secluded spot\\nhad ever been the abode of peace. I lingered until the shades of\\nevening began to darken the distant landscape and enshroud the\\nforest in gloom. The fishermen had gathered their nets, and re-\\ntired to their humble homes and I was left alone, with no com-\\npanions but my thoughts, and nothing to disturb save the gentle\\nrippling of the waves upon the smooth pebbly beach. With reflec-\\ntions suggested by the occasion, I was slowly departing, when the\\ndistant roll of a drum from Fort Mifflin, summoning the soldiers to\\nevening parade, was borne on the still air across the intervening\\nwaters, reminding me that war s dreadful trade was not over,\\nthat the time had not come when the lion and the lamb should lie\\ndown together, and all nations dwell in peace.\\nFRANKLIN.\\nFranklin was formed from Woolwich and Greenwich in 1820.\\nIt is 15 miles long, 6i wide bounded NE. by Washington, SE. by\\nFrom Historical and Descriptive Letters on New Jersey, by the junior com-\\npiler of this work.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0219.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "214 GLOUCESTER COUNTY.\\nHamilton, Atlantic co., SW- by Pittsgrove, Salem co., and Millville,\\nCumberland co., and NW. by Woolwich and Greenwich. Its sur-\\nface is level soil light, and a greater part of the township is cov-\\nered with pines. There are in the township 4 glass-houses, 5 stores,\\n2 grist-m., 8 saw-m. cap. in manufac. #82,000 7 schools, 535\\nscholars. Pop. 2,077.\\nGlassboro is about ten miles SE. of Woodbury, in the NW. cor-\\nner of the township, in a pine country. This village was settled\\nduring the American revolution, by Stangeer Co., seven brothers,\\nwho built some log dwellings, and established a glass factory, which\\nstood about fifty rods E. of the site of the present tavern. They\\nwere originally from Germany, and had just previously been em-\\nployed in Wistar s glass-house in Salem co., the first of the kind es-\\ntablished in North America. Glassboro is an improving place, and\\nland has trebled in value within a few years by the use of marl,\\nlime, and ashes. It contains extensive glass-works now in opera-\\ntion, and owned by Thomas H. Whitney, Esq. 2 Methodist and 1\\nEpiscopal church, an academy, 2 stores, 100 dwellings, and about\\n600 inhabitants. Franklinville, formerly Little Ease, 6 miles SE.\\nof Glassboro, contains a fine hotel, a saw-mill, a few mechanics,\\nand about a dozen dwellings. Malaga, at the angle of Gloucester,\\nCumberland, and Salem counties, on the head-waters of Maurice\\nriver, contains a tavern, glass factory, saw-mill, Methodist church,\\nand about 35 dwellings.\\nGloucester Fox-Hunting Club. A famous club for the purposes\\nof. hunting in this county, bearing the above title, was established\\nin 1776, and continued in existence until the year 1818. It ranked\\namong its members some of the first gentlemen in this county and\\nPhiladelphia. The revolutionary war for a time put a stop to the\\naffairs of the chase, when no less than twenty-two of its members\\nassociated and formed the First Troop of Philadelphia City Cav-\\nalry, its president, Samuel Morris, captain, nearly all of whom\\nfaithfully served in the troop in the memorable campaigns of 76\\nand 77. The war completely ended, the club was revived, after\\nyears of separation, to course again over the pines and plains of\\nGloucester county, in the exhilarating pleasures of the chase.\\nThe hunts, says the author of the memoirs of the club,* took place principally at\\nCooper s creek, at the Horseheads, Blackwood-town, Heston s glass-works, and some-\\ntimes at Thompson s Point, on the Delaware, many miles to the south. The chase usu-\\nally lasted from one to five or six hours, and sometimes in hot pursuit has been made\\nfor eight or ten, after an old, straight-forward, fleet-running Red Jacket, consequently\\ncoursing over a vast extent of country. It is needless to note how many in such emer-\\ngencies would give up the chase, or be lost sight of, and completely thrown out. In\\n1798, one of them carried the pack in full cry to iSalem, forty miles distant. In olden\\ntimes, good hunts were made to view on the sea-beach at Egg Harbor. This change ol\\nposition had the advantage of novelty, and afforded fine shooting in variety and abun-\\ndance. The increase of the mischievous crew of the Reynard family in Gloucester\\nafforded plenty of sport. The stock-suffering farmer hailed the hounds and huntsmen\\nas friends, free to enter his enclosures and traverse his fields and woods unmolested,\\nPublished at Philadelphia in 1830, an octavo of 56 pages.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0220.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "GLOUCESTER COUNTY. 215\\nfrom the 10th of October until the 10th of April, at which period the fences were re-\\npaired, and the ground tilled. Often have we seen him, on hearing the music of the\\ndogs, hastily bridle his horse and mount him, frequently without a saddle, and gallop\\nafter and joyfully augment the merry hunting train. It sometimes occurred, that they\\nwere eminently useful aids serving as guides through the intricate labyrinths of the\\nwoods and swamps, to ferret out Reynard s usual haunts and retreats, and when earthed,\\nto procure of some obliging neighbor the necessary implements, of an axe, pick, and\\nspade, accustomed to the use of which, they actively and efficiently assisted to dig for\\nand capture the enemy in his den, generally excavated on the declivity of a hill with a\\nsouthern exposure, for secure and comfortable winter-quarters.\\nSometimes this intense fatigue-duty continued by spells for hours, and labor occa-\\nsionally found ample reward not in the game she captured, but in peals of loud laugh-\\nter and mirth, especially at the last industrious diggers, on the taking of a skunk or a\\nground-hog when this happened, there was no generous contention or rivalry for the\\nbrush the first-named personage, we are told, on a memorable occasion in 1805, freely\\noffered the compliment of his tail to all within shooting range, hunters and dogs, until\\nhe liberally and fairly exhausted the contents of his odoriferous sack or magazine.\\nAmong the most valuable members of the club was Jonas Cattell. This extraordina-\\nry hunter was over six feet in height, and very athletic. Although always on foot, he\\nappeared altogether tireless, when the riders horses and hounds were jaded. He once\\nbeat an Indian runner in a trial of speed. On another occasion, on a wager, he went\\non foot from Woodbury to Cape Island, a distance of about 80 miles, in one day, deliv-\\nered a letter, and returned the next with an answer. Old Jonas is or was lately living\\nin this county but the club, after an existence of over half a century, is no more.\\nGLOUCESTER.\\nGloucester is 18 miles long, with an average width of 5 miles.\\nIt is bounded NE. by Waterford, SE. by Mullica and Hamilton,\\nAtlantic co. SW. by Washington and Deptford, and NW. by\\nUnion. The soil is light, and the surface generally covered with\\npines, excepting in the western part, where are some fine farms,\\nproductive in fruit and vegetables. There are 13 stores, 4 glass\\nfactories, 2 flouring-m., 3 grist-m., 1 1 saw-m. cap. in manufac.\\n$77,650; 10 schools, 298 scholars. Pop. 2,837.\\nChew s Landing, on a branch of Big Timber creek, 5 miles E. of\\nWoodbury, at which place large quantities of cord- wood and timber\\nare shipped, contains 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist church, and about\\n40 dwellings. Long-a-coming, on the N. line of the township, 15\\nmiles from Camden, is situated among the pines, and contains 2\\nhotels, 4 stores, a Methodist church, and about 40 dwellings.\\nBlackwoodtown is a flourishing village on the south branch of Big\\nTimber creek, 6 miles SE. of Woodbury. It contains 1 Presbyte-\\nrian, 1 Methodist church, a grist and saw mill, 3 stores, and about\\n70 dwellings. Good Intent factory is an extensive woollen factory\\nnear this village. Windslow, is in the SE. corner of the township,\\non the Great Egg Harbor road, and contains a Methodist church,\\n3 glass factories, owned and conducted by William Coffin, Esq., and\\n50 or 60 dwellings. Clementon, in the W. part of the township,\\nhas a grist and saw mill, a tavern, and about 15 dwellings. At\\nthis place formerly were in operation glass-works for the manu-\\nfacture of hollow glass-ware. Seven Causeways, in the south\\npart of the township, where seven roads meet, contains a meeting-", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0221.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "216\\nGLOUCESTER COUNTY.\\nhouse, a store, about 12 dwellings, and glass-works, now discontin-\\nued. New Freedom, Blue Anchor, and Tansboro, which are mark-\\ned on Gordon s map, contain one or more dwellings.\\nGREENWICH.\\nGreenwich is about 12 miles long, 5 wide; bounded NE. by\\nDeptford and Washington, SE. by Franklin, SW. by Woolwich,\\nand NW. by the Delaware river. Its surface is level or undula-\\nting soil light and fertile. There are in the township 12 stores, 4\\ngui^s lactones, 2 nourmg m., .3 grist-m., J i saw-m. cap. in manu-\\nfac. $7 /,650 9 schools, 293 scholars. Pop. 2,95?.\\nCentral View at Mullica Hill\\nMullica Hill is situated on gentle eminences on both sides of\\nRaccoon creek, partly in this and partly in Woolwich township, 8\\nmiles SE. of Woodbury. It derives its name from Erick Mullica,\\na Swede, who emigrated when a young man, and purchased here\\na considerable tract of land. This was at an early period, when\\nthe whole country was an unbroken forest. He lived to the age of\\nabout 100 years. His dwelling stood on the N. side of the creek,\\nin or near the orchard of Mr. Joseph Doran. Originally, the name\\nof Mullica Hill was given only to that portion of the village N. of\\nthe creek. The other part was called Spicersville, from Jacob\\nSpicer, an emigrant from East Jersey, who settled here, and built\\nthe first dwelling erected on the S. side of Raccoon creek. The an-\\nnexed is a view in the southern, and by far the most populous, por-\\ntion of the village, taken near Mrs. Wood s tavern, in the town-\\nship of Woolwich. On the extreme left is shown the Friends\\nmeeting-house and in the distance the principal stores, shops, etc.,\\nin the place. There are at Mullica Hill 2 taverns, several mechan-\\nic shops and stores, 1 grist-m., 1 woollen factory, a tannery, 1 Epis-", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0222.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "GLOUCESTER COUNTY. 217\\ncopal, 1 Methodist church, a Friends meeting-house, an academy,\\nabout 60 dwellings, and upwards of 300 inhabitants. Large\\nquantities of lime are burnt near this place marl of an excellent\\nquality abounds in the vicinity, and under its genial influence the\\nland yields heavy crops.\\nThe following villages are on or near the NE. line of the town-\\nship. Barnesboro contains 16 dwellings. Carpenter s Landing,\\nnamed from Mr. Thomas Carpenter, now an aged resident, is on\\nMantua creek, and has 4 stores, a Methodist church, and about 50\\ndwellings. From this place large quantities of lumber and wood\\nare annually shipped to Philadelphia. Berkeley, or Sandtown, has\\na store, and about 12 dwellings. Paulsboro contains a store, a\\nMethodist church, and about 20 dwellings. Billingsport, on the\\nDelaware river, contains a few dwellings. It was named after Ed-\\nward Byllinge, the purchaser of Lord Berkeley s undivided moiety\\nof the province. The remains of a fort are still to be seen, which\\nwas built by the Americans in the revolutionary war. It was con-\\nstructed, with other works on the river, for the purpose of prevent-\\ning the enemy s fleet from communicating with Philadelphia, then\\nin possession of the British. This fort was evacuated by the\\nAmericans in the fall of 1777. The following particulars of this\\nevent are derived from Botta s History of the War.\\nThe English well knew the importance of opening for themselves a free communi-\\ncation with the sea, by means of the Delaware, since their operations could never be con-\\nsidered secure, so long as the enemy should maintain themselves upon the banks of that\\nriver; and accordingly they deliberated upon the means of reducing them. Immediate-\\nly after the success at Brandywine, Lord Howe, who commanded the whole fleet, had\\nmade sail for the mouth of the Delaware and several light vessels had already arrived\\nin that river among others the Roebuck, commanded by Capt. Hammond. That offi-\\ncer represented to Gen. Howe, that if sufficient forces were sent to attack the fort at\\nBillings Point, on the Jersey shore, it might be taken without difficulty and that he\\nwould then take upon himself to open a passage through the chevaux-dc-frise. The\\ngeneral approved this object, and sent two regiments, under Col. Stirling, to carry it into\\neffect. The detachment having crossed the river from Chester, the moment they had set\\nfoot upon the Jersey shore, marched with all speed to attack the fort in rear. The\\nAmericans, not thinking themselves able to sustain the enemy s assault, immediately\\nspiked their artillery, set fire to the barracks, and abandoned the place with precipitation.\\nThe English waited to destroy, or to render unserviceable, those parts of the works whicli\\nfronted the river and this success, with the spirit and perseverance exhibited by the of-\\nficers and crews of the ships under his command, enabled Hammond, through great dif-\\nficulties, to carry the principal object of the expedition into effect, by cutting away and\\nweighing up so much of the chevaux-de-frise as opened a narrow passage for the ship-\\nping through this lower barrier.\\nNEWTON.\\nThis township is about 6 m. long, 3 wide bounded N. and E. by\\nWaterford, S. and SW. by Union, and W. by Delaware river and\\nCamden. Its surface is level, and the soil, though light, is produc-\\ntive, and well adapted to grain and grass. There are in the town-\\nship 9 stores, 1 fulling-m., 1 woollen fac, 1 pottery, 3 grist-m. cap.\\nin manufac. $21,190; 3 academies, 155 students; 5 schools, 245\\nscholars. Pop. 1,863.\\n28", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0223.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "218 GLOUCESTER COUNTY.\\nIt was early settled by Friends. The following history was writ-\\nten by Thomas Sharp, the first conveyancer and surveyor in Glou-\\ncester co.\\nLet it be remembered. It having wrought upon ye minds of some Friends that dwelt\\nin Ireland, but such as formerly came thither from England and a pressure having laid\\nupon them for some years which they could not gett from under the weight of untill they\\ngave upp to leave their friends and relations there, together with a comfortable subsist,\\nence, to transport themselves and famelys into this wilderness part of America, and there,\\nby expose themselves to difficulties, which, if they could have been easy where they were,\\nin all probability might never have been met with and in order thereunto, sent from\\nDublin in Ireland, to one Thomas Lurtin, a friend in London, commander of a pink,\\nwho accordingly came, and made an agreement with him to transport them and their\\nfamelys into New Jersey, viz. Mark Newby and famely, Thomas Thackara and famely,\\nWilliam Bate and famely, George Goldsmith an old man, and Thomas Sharp a young\\nman, but no famelys and whilst the ship abode in Dublin harbor provideing for the voy-\\nage, said Thomas Lurtin was taken so ill that he could not perform ye same, so that his\\nmate, John Dagger, undertook it. And upon the 19th day of September, in the year of\\nour Lord, 1(381, we sett saile from the place aforesaid, and through the good providence\\nof God towards us, we arrived at Elsinburg, in the county of Salem, upon the 19th day\\nof November following, where we were well entertained at the houses of the Thomsons,\\nwho came from Ireland about four years before, who, by their industry, were arrived to a\\nvery good degree of living, and from thence we went to Salem, where were several\\nhouses yt were vacant of persons who had left the town to settle in ye country, which\\nserved to accommodate them for ye winter, and having thus settled down their famelys,\\nand the winter proving moderate, wc at Wickacoa, among us, purchased a boate of the\\nSwansons, and so went to Burlington to the commissioners, of whom we obtained a\\nwarrant of ye surveyor- general, which then was Daniel Leeds; and after some consid-\\nerable search to and fro in that then was called the third or Irish tenth, we at last\\npitched upon the place now called Newton, which was before the settlement of Philadel-\\nphia and then applied to s d surveyor, who came and laid it out for us and the next\\nspring, being the beginning of the year 1682, we all removed from Salem together with\\nRobert Zane, that had been settled there, who came along from Ireland with the Thom-\\nsons before hinted, and having expectation of our coming only bought a lott in Salem\\ntown, upon the which he seated himself untill our coming, whose proprietary right and\\nours being of the same nature, could not then take it up in Fenwick s tenth, and so be-\\ngan our settlement and although we were at times pretty hard bestead, having all our\\nprovisions as far as Salem to fetch by water, yett, through the mercy and kindness of\\nGod, we were preserved in health and from any extream difficulties. And immediately\\nthere was a meeting sett upp and kept at the house of Mark Newby, and, in a short time,\\nit grew and increased, unto which William Cooper and famely, that lived at the Poynte\\nresorted, and sometimes the meeting was kept at his house, who had been settled some\\ntime before.\\nZeall and fervency of spirit was what, in some degree, at that time abounded among\\nFriends, in commemoration of our prosperous success and eminent preservation, boath\\nin our coming over the great deep, as allso that whereas we were but few at that time,\\nand the Indians many, whereby itt putt a dread upon our spirits, considering they were\\na salvage people but ye Lord, that hath the hearts of all in his hands, turned them so\\nas to be serviceable to us, and very loving and kinde which cannot be otherwise ac-\\ncounted but to be the Lord s doings in our favor, which we had cause to praise his name\\nfor. And that the rising generation may consider that the settlement of this country\\nwas directed by an impulse upon the spiritts of God s people, not so much for their ease\\nand tranquillity, but rather for the posterity yt should be after, and that the wilderness\\nbeing planted with a good seed, might grow and increase to the satisfaction of the good\\nhusbandman. But instead thereof, if for wheat it should bring forth tares, the end of the\\ngood husbandman will be frustrate, and they themselves will suffer loss. This narration\\nI have thought good and requisite to leave behind, as having had knowledge of tilings\\nfrom the beginning.\\nHaddonfield is situated on the south side of Cooper s creek, 5 m.\\nSE. of Camden. The village is principally built on a single street,\\nornamented by shade-trees. It consists of about 150 dwellings, 4", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0224.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "GLOUCESTER COUNTY.\\n219\\nhouses for public worship, 1 for Friends, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and\\n1 Episcopal, 5 mercantile stores, 2 grist-m., 2 tanneries, and a large\\nwoollen factory. The annexed engraving represents the Friends\\nmeeting-house, situated in the central part of the village. The\\nBaptist church was erected in 1818, the Methodist in 1835; both\\nFriends Meeting-house, Haddonfield.\\nthese houses are substantial brick edifices. The Episcopal church\\nnow (1842) erecting, is of wood. The first house of worship erect-\\ned in this township was for Friends. It was built about the year\\n1690, on what is now called the Collins road, about 2\\\\ miles SW.\\nof Haddonfield. This house was removed about 30 years since,\\nand the one near Camden line erected. The village of Haddon-\\nfield derives its name from the family of John Haddon, who pur-\\nchased about 400 acres of land at this place, about the year 1710.\\nHaving no sons, he sent his daughter Elizabeth, a young woman about 20 years of\\nage, to make a settlement on the land, build a house, c, under an expectation that he\\nwould remove himself and family to the place after the settlement was made. She built\\na large brick house on the premises, in the year 1713, and the great road or king s high-\\nway being laid out through the land from Burlington to Salem, on which a town began\\nto be built. Some years afterwards, she married a distinguished Quaker preacher from\\nEngland, whose name was John Haddon, whom she survived a number of years they\\nhad no children, and she returned to England and adopted one of her sister s sons, named\\nEbenezer Hopkins, whom she brought over with her, with an intention of making him\\nher heir. He married in this country a woman named Sarah Lord, and had a number\\nof children, and died a young man long before his aunt Estaugh, who left all the estate\\nintended for him amongst his children.\\nDuring the war of the revolution, Haddonfield had become a place of some note, and\\nthe inhabitants were mostly, if not altogether, sound whigs and being of the Quaker\\npersuasion, they were not found fighting under the banners of carnal warfare. A guard-\\nhouse was kept by the Americans, on the premises of Wra, Griscomb and the British\\narmy marching through, set fire to the building, and destroyed the house of Mr. Gris-\\ncomb* and the adjoining one belonging to Thomas Redman, they being both Friends or\\nIn front of Capt. James B. Cooper s dwelling is a button-wood tree, which was stand-\\ning at the time these buildings were destroyed. The body of it was burnt out, and a large\\ncavity left, which was used after the war by children for a playhouse. The bark has\\nnow grown around it, and the tree is in a flourishing condition.\\nHaddonfield was successively occupied by the American and British troops. Among", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0225.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "220 GLOUCESTER COUNTY.\\nQuakers. A great deal of their furniture was destroyed, as well as their houses, hut\\nno lives lost. The British quartered their soldiers on the inhabitants of the village and\\nvicinity for several days, and made great destruction of the fences for fuel, so that the\\ninhabitants were truly eaten out of house and home. The congress sat for several weeks\\nin Haddonfield, during the war, in the house built by Matthias Aspden, and boarded\\nabout among the inhabitants.\\nThe first Friends meeting-house was built about the year 1720, and the present meet-\\ning-house was built in the year 1760, on the same site.\\nThe house built by Elizabeth Haddon stood about a third of a\\nmile from the centre of the village, back from the Camden road\\nabout 30 rods. It was built of brick and boards brought from Eng-\\nland, and had upon it the date 1713. It was accidentally de-\\nstroyed by lire, April 19th, 1842.\\nUNION.\\nUnion is about 6 miles long, and 2\\\\ broad bounded N. by New-\\nton, E. by Waterford, SE. by Gloucester, SW. by Deptford, and\\nW. by the Delaware river. The surface is generally level, and the\\nsoil highly productive in corn, wheat, grass, and vegetables. There\\nare 3 schools, 105 scholars. Pop. 1,074. There are two small\\nvillages in the township, viz. Mount Ephraim, 5 miles SE. of Cam-\\nden, and Gloucester Point, 3 miles below Camden, on the Dela-\\nware, where there is a ferry.\\nThe land (says Mulford, in his lecture) between Timber creek\\nand the Rancocus was sold Sept. 10th, 1077, to John Kinsey and\\nothers, from London, by Katamus, Sekappio, and three other In-\\ndian chiefs, for thirty guns, thirty axes, thirty small hoes, thirty\\nawls, thirty jewsharps, a hundred fishhooks, seven anchors of\\nbrandy, c. This purchase being made, a town was laid out, in\\n1689, on a large scale, at Gloucester Point, called by the Indians\\nAxwamus. A draft in the surveyor-general s office, at Burlington,\\nrepresents this town as extending back to Newton creek, and\\nnearly down to Timber creek. It was intended to have thirteen\\nstreets, and an area in the middle of the town. Three chains\\nsquare was reserved for a market-place. High expectations were\\nindulged as to the prospective importance of the place. These\\nwere not entirely realized, though it continued to be of some con-\\nsequence, being the place where the public business for this part\\nthe former was a bold dragoon, named MilesSage, who had been sent on an errand\\nout of the village just before the British entered? Tie executed his commission, and rode\\nback, as he supposed, to his friends. He stopped at Col. Ellis s quarters, but finding it\\nfilled with British officers, remounted his horse and galloped on his way. The stars and\\nstripes were still waving from the flasr-staff; and, on passing, he gave three cheers for\\nWashington and Independence. The British were formed in three ranks across the\\nstreet, near the site of the upper tavern. He bravely charged through two ranks, but\\nhis horse fell at the third. The soldiers charged upon him with fury, and pierced him\\nwith nine or ten bayonet wounds, when a little Scotch officer came up and bade them\\ndesist. He asked him if he was alive and on receiving an affirmative answer, had him\\nconveyed to a neighboring dwelling and taken care of. Sage survived to fight in many\\na battle, and to tell the tale of his scars to his prattling grandchildren.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0226.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "GLOUCESTER COUNTY. 221\\nof the province was transacted. A courthouse, erected here, was\\nstanding within the memory of those now living. The lands in this\\nvicinity were taken up at an early period, and upon the draught are\\nrepresented the adjoining tracts, in their relative situation, with\\nthe dates and names of purchasers. The last tract represented\\nadjoins Newton creek. But some of the very earliest purchases\\nwere made still higher up, at the site of the present city of Cam-\\nden.\\nIt is stated, in Gordon s History of New Jersey, that immediately\\nafter the evacuation of Fort Mercer, in Nov. 1777, Cornwallis, with\\na force of about 5,000 men, collected large quantities of fresh pro-\\nvisions for the British army, and took post on Gloucester Point,\\nwhich was entirely under cover of the guns of the ships. Gen.\\nGreene commanded an almost equal body of troops, in New Jer-\\nsey, a part of which were militia and awaited the arrival of Glo-\\nver s brigade from the north, in order to take offensive measures\\nagainst Cornwallis. But an attack upon the British, in their pres-\\nent advantageous position, would have been unwarrantable. Yet\\na small but brilliant affair was performed, by a detachment of\\nabout 150 men, from Morgan s rifle-corps, under Lieut. Col. Butler,\\nand a like number of militia, under the Marquis Lafayette, who\\nserved as a volunteer. They attacked a picket of the enemy, con-\\nsisting of about 300 men, and drove them, with the loss of 20 or\\n30 killed, and a great number wounded, quite into their camp\\nretiring themselves without pursuit. I found the riflemen, said\\nLafayette, in a letter to Washington, even above their reputation,\\nand the militia above all expectation I could have formed of them.\\nCornwallis soon after returned to Philadelphia, and Greene joined\\nthe main army, under the commander-in-chief.\\nWATERFORD.\\nWaterford is a long, narrow township, stretching along the\\nwhole length of the NE. boundary of the county, from the Dela-\\nware river to Atlantic co. It is 24 miles long, with an average\\nwidth of about 4 miles. It is bounded NE. by Chester, Evesham,\\nand Washington, (Burlington co.,) SE. by Mullica, (Atlantic co.,)\\nSW. by Camden, Union, Newton, and Gloucester, and NW. by the\\nDelaware river. Pop. 3,467. The south part is covered with\\npines, and the north part is fertile, and productive in vegetables.\\nThere are in the township 10 stores, 2 glass-houses, 2 grist-m., 10\\nsaw-m., 1 oil-m. cap. in manufac. $92,115; 8 schools, 425 schol-\\nars. Pop. 3,467.\\nThis township was settled about the year 1712, principally by\\nFriends, who located themselves on large tracts of excellent soil,\\nin the north part, in the vicinity of Colestown and Cooper s creek.\\nThe names of some of these early pioneers were Kay, Cole, Spicer,\\nEllis, Matlock, c. Cooperstown, Waterfordville, and Ellisburg", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0227.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "222 GLOUCESTER COUNTY.\\nare small settlements in the north part, containing respectively a\\nfew dwellings. In the south part, among the pines, are Jackson s\\nand Waterford glass-works. The first has a glass-factory, and\\nabout 20 dwellings the latter, two extensive glass-factories, owned\\nand conducted by Joseph Porter Co., and also about 60 dwellings.\\nOn Petty s island, in the Delaware, opposite this township, lies\\nthe wreck of the famous continental frigate Alliance. She was\\nbuilt at Salisbury, in Massachusetts and the alliance with France,\\nin 1778, induced our government to give her that name. After the\\ncapture of the frigate Trumbull, in 1781, the Alliance and Deane\\nfrigates composed the whole force of that class of ships in the\\nAmerican navy. Her history furnishes many pleasing anecdotes,\\namong which is the following. In an encounter with a British\\nvessel, a shot entered the corner of the Alliance s counter, and\\nmade its way into a locker, where all the china belonging to the\\ncaptain was kept. An African servant of Commodore Barry, a\\ngreat favorite, ran up to the quarter-deck, and called out, Massa,\\ndat Ingresse man broke all de chana You rascal, said\\nthe commodore, why did you not stop the ball Sha, massa,\\ncannon-ball must hab a room\\nWASHINGTON.\\nWashington was taken from Deptford, in 1836. It is about 16\\nmiles long, 4 broad and is bounded NE. by Gloucester, SE. by\\nHamilton, (Atlantic co.,) SW. by Franklin and Greenwich, and\\nNW. by Deptford. The soil is light, and the surface principally\\ncovered with pines. There are 6 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 glass-\\nhouse, 1 grist-m., 8 saw-m. cap. in manufac. $104,250 4 schools,\\n131 scholars. Pop. 1,545.\\nWilliamstown, or Squankum, is in the central part of the town-\\nship, 11 miles SE. of Woodbury. In 1800, there were but four or\\nfive houses in the vicinity, within the sound of the conch-shell.\\nOne of these dwellings, then occupied by David Williams, is now\\nstanding in the village. Paul Sears s tavern was erected about\\nthis period, by William Williamson, and occupied as a private\\ndwelling. Some years later the Methodist church was erected.\\nThe town slowly progressed, until within a few years, when glass-\\nworks were established since which it has rapidly improved. It\\nnow contains 2 taverns, 3 stores, a Methodist and a Presbyterian\\nchurch, (lately erected.) glass-works, and about 60 dwellings.\\nThere are a few farms in the vicinity. The soil is generally light,\\nsusceptible of improvement, and adapted to grain and grass.\\nCross Keys, 3 miles NE. of Williamstown, is a well-known tavern\\nand post-office, among the pines, where six roads corner. A house\\nof entertainment has been kept there for about 60 years. Chest-\\nnut Ridge and Union Cross Roads each contain one or more dwell-\\nings. The county poorhouse is in the NW. corner of the town-", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0228.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "GLOUCESTER COUNTY. 223\\nship, near Blackwoodtown. Attached is a farm of more than 200\\nacres one of the best establishments of the kind in the state. In\\nthe south part are several small ponds, with saw-mills at their\\noutlets.\\nWOOLWICH.\\nThis township is about 14 miles long, and 6 broad: it is bounded\\nNE. by Greenwich, SE. by Franklin, SW. by Pilesgrove and Upper\\nPenn s Neck, Salem co., and NW. by Delaware river. The face\\nof the township is generally level but on the NE. hilly, and\\nthe southeastern part covered with pines. The soil is varied,\\nbeing in some parts sandy, others a rich loam, producing large quan-\\ntities of early vegetables. There are 2 fulling-m., 2 woollen fac-\\ntories, 5 grist-m., 4 saw-m. cap. in manufac. $25,500 12 schools,\\n943 scholars. Pop. 3,676.\\nThe annexed is a view taken at the northern entrance of the vil-\\nlage-street of Swedesboro. The village is situated at the head of\\nsloop navigation on the south side of Raccoon creek, about 5 miles\\nfrom its mouth. It contains 2 churches, 1 Episcopal, (seen on the\\nright of the engraving,) 1 Methodist, 6 mercantile stores, an exten-\\nsive woollen factory, an academy, and about 75 dwellings; 10 miles\\nfrom Woodbury, and 18 from Camden. Battentown is a village of\\n20 or 30 dwellings, at the southern extremity of Swedesboro, and\\nis rather a continuation of that village. Harrisonville, formerly\\nColestown, situated 5 miles in a southerly direction from Swedes-\\nboro, on Old Man s creek, (the boundary line of Salem co.,) contains\\nabout 20 or 30 dwellings near it is a Methodist church. There are\\nsome excellent farms in the neighborhood. Bridgeport, formerly\\ncalled Raccoon Lower Bridge, about a mile from the mouth of the\\ncreek, contains a Methodist church, and about 20 dwellings.\\nThe first settlements in this township were commenced by the\\nSwedes at an early period, on Raccoon creek. In a map of Dela-\\nware river and the adjacent parts, published by Lindstrom soon\\nafter his visit to this country in 1642, a station or settlement is\\nnoted as being in existence on Raccoon creek. The ancient Swe-\\ndish church at Raccoon, as Swedesboro was formerly called, was\\nconstructed of cedar logs, and stood near the site of the present\\nEpiscopal church. This last structure was erected in 1784, at\\nwhich time the log church was taken down. At this period there\\nwere about a dozen dwellings built, mostly of logs the school-\\nhouse, parsonage, and tavern being built of the same materials.\\nThe Indians, at this time, lived on the borders of Raccoon creek,\\nand deer were quite plenty in this vicinity. The British visited\\nthis place during the revolution, burnt several houses, and among\\nother things took the furniture and bedding of Col. Brown, and\\nconsumed them by a bonfire in the street.\\nThe churches at Raccoon and Penn s Neck appear to have been", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0229.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "224\\nGLOUCESTER COUNTY.\\nsomewhat connected with regard to their pastors. Jonas Auren\\nappears to have been the first pastor: he was appointed in 1697,\\nand died in 1713. He was succeeded by Abraham Lidenius in\\n1714, who remained till 1724, when he returned to Sweden. Petrus\\nTranberg and Andreas Windrufwa were sent over in 1726 they\\ndivided the churches between them, and so continued until 1728,\\nSivedesboro.\\nwhen Windrufwa died. John Sandin, the next pastor, was ap-\\npointed in 1748, and died the same year. Erick Unander, his suc-\\ncessor, was sent over the next year. He was succeeded by John\\nLidenius in 1756. John Wicksell, the next pastor, arrived in 1762,\\nreturned in 1774, and was succeeded by Nicholas Collin in 1778, a\\nnative of Upsal, in Sweden.\\nDr. Collin was the last of the Swedish ministers who officiated\\nat Swedesboro. In July, 1786, he was rector of Wicaco, (in Phila-\\ndelphia,) and the churches in connection. He presided over these\\nchurches for a period of forty-five years, and died at Wicaco Oct.\\n7th, 1831, in the 87th year of his age. During the whole period\\nof his ministry he was much respected by his congregations. He\\nwas a man of learning, particularly in languages. The only work\\nwhich he left behind him is a manuscript translation of Acrelius\\nHistory of New Sweden, which he undertook in 1799, at the request\\nof the Historical Society of New York, in whose possession it now\\nremains.\\nIn 1765, the charter for the Swedish Evangelical Lutheran\\nchurch was granted, George III. being king, and William Frank-\\nlin governor of the colony of New Jersey, c. The following\\nnames appear in the petition for the charter, viz Rev. John Wick-\\nsell, Thomas Denny, John Denny, John Rambo, James Steelman,\\nJohn Helm, Benj. Rambo, Jonas Keen, Erick Cox, Jacob Archer,\\nIsaac Justison, Gilbert Rinelds, Gabriel Strang, William Homan,\\nPeter Matson Peter Keen, Andrew Jones, Hans Urien, John Holf-", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0230.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "HUDSON COUNTY. 225\\nman. Lawrence Strang, John Derickson, Charles Locke, Erick\\nRanels, Jacob Jones, William Matsen, James Halton, Andrew\\nLock, Moses Holfman, Chas. Fullor, and Andrew Vanneman, in\\nbehalf of themselves and others, inhabiting near Raccoon creek,\\nin the county of Gloucester, c.\\nThe following, respecting the customs, c, of the early Swedish\\nsettlers, is from Watson s Annals of Philadelphia\\nTo the church upon Tinicum Island all the Swedes, settled along the Delaware, used\\nto go in their canoes from long distances. They did the same in visiting the primitive\\nlog church at Wicaco almost all their conveyances were preferred by water. There\\nwas a store upon Darby to which they always went by water, even when the land route\\nwas often nearest.\\nThe old Swedish inhabitants were said to be very successful in raising chick turkeys\\nas soon as hatched they plunged them into cold water, and forced them to swallow a\\nwhole pepper-corn, they then returned it to the mother, and it became as hardy as a\\nhen s chick. When they found them drooping, their practice was to examine the rump\\nfeathers, and such two or three as were found filled with blood were to be drawn, and\\nthe chick would revive and thrive.\\nKalm, the Swedish traveller, who was here among his countrymen in 1748, has left\\nus such notices as follow concerning them, to wit\\nThe ancient Swedes used the sassafras for tea, and for a dye. From the persimmon\\ntree they made beer and brandy. They called the mullein plant the Indian tobacco\\nthey tied it round their arms and feet, as a cure when they had the ague. They made\\ntheir candles generally from the bayberry bushes the root they used to cure tooth-ache\\nfrom the bush they also made an agreeable smelling soap. The magnolia tree they\\nmade use of for various medicinal purposes.\\nThe houses of the first Swedish settlers were very indifferent it consisted of but one\\nroom the door was so low as to require you to stoop. Instead of window panes of\\nglass they had little holes, before which a sliding board was put, or on other occasions\\nthey had isinglass the cracks between logs were filled with clay the chimneys, in a\\ncorner, were generally of gray sandstone, or, for want of it, sometimes of mere clay the\\novens were in the same room. They had at first separate stables for the cattle but\\nafter the English carne and set the example, they left their cattle to suffer in the open\\nwinter air. The Swedes wore vests and breeches of skins hats were not used, but\\nlittle caps with flaps before them. They made their own leather and shoes, with soles\\n(like moccasins) of the same materials as the tops. The women, too, wore jackets and\\npetticoats of skins their beds, excepting the sheets, were of skins of bears, wolves, c.\\nHemp they had none, but they used flax for ropes and fishing-tackle. This rude state of\\nliving was, however, in the country places principally, and before the English came,\\nwho, rough as they must have also lived for a time, taught a comparative state of luxury.\\nHUDSON COUNTY.\\nHudson co. was formed from the southern part of Bergen co.,\\nFeb. 22d, 1840. This is the smallest county in the state, contain-\\ning only 75 sq. m. Its extreme length is 14 m., greatest width 7\\nm. It is bounded N. by Bergen, E. by Hudson river and New York\\nbay, S. by the Kill Van Kuhi, separating it from Staten Island, and\\nPassaic river, dividing it from Essex co., and W. by the Passaic,\\nseparating it from Essex and Passaic cos. On the east, the Closter\\nmountain extends through the township of North Bergen and part\\nof Bergen. The remainder of the county is generally level. In\\n29", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0231.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "226 HUDSON COUNTY.\\nthe valley of the Hackensack river, which courses centrally through\\nthe county, dividing it into two. nearly equal parts, is an extensive\\ntract of salt marsh and swampy land, occupying about one third\\nof the area of the county. The cultivated parts of the county are\\nfertile, and considerable quantities of vegetables are raised for the\\nNew York market. There were produced, in 1840, wheat, 2,360\\nbushels; rye, 5,335 Indian corn, 10,875 buckwheat, 3,508 oats,\\n9,141. Cap. employed in manufac. $411,850. It is divided into\\nthe following townships, viz\\nBergen, Harrison, Jersey City, North Bergen, Van Vorst.\\nThe population of the county, in 1840, was 9,436 the same ter-\\nritory, in 1830, contained only about 5,300 inhabitants.\\nBERGEN.\\nBergen has been much reduced from its original limits. It now\\ncomprises a small strip of land 1\\\\ m. long, and from 1 to 3 broad.\\nIt is bounded N. by North Bergen, E. by New York bay, S. by the\\nKill Van Kuhl, and W. by Newark bay and Hackensack river.\\nThe soil is fertile, and it is inhabited by a thriving agricultural\\npopulation.\\nBergen is supposed to be the oldest European settlement in New\\nJersey. The village of Bergen is presumed to have been founded\\nabout 1616, by the Dutch colonists to New Netherlands, and to\\nhave received its name from Bergen in Norway. For several\\nyears it was probably merely a trading post, to which the Indians\\nresorted for the sale of their game and fur. On the 30th Jan.,\\n1658-9, the Indians sold to the Noble Lord Director-general, Pie-\\nter Stuyvesant, and Councill of New Netherlands a tract lying\\non the west side of North river, beginning from the great Clip,*\\nabove vViehachan, and from there right through the land above the\\nIslandt Sikakes, and therefrom thence to the Kill Van Coll, and so\\nalong to the Constables Hoeek, and from the Constables Hoeek\\nagain to the aforesaid Clip above Wiehachan. In consideration\\nfor this tract, which included all the lands between the Hacken-\\nsack and North rivers, and the Kills, the Indians received 80 fath-\\noms of wampum, 20 fathoms of cloth, 12 brass kettles, 6 guns, 2\\nblankets, 1 double brass kettle, and one half-barrel of strong beer,\\nand agreed to remove the first opportunity.\\nOn the 22d Sept., 1668, a charter was granted by Gov. Carteret\\nand his council, to the Towne and the Freeholders of Bergen, and\\nto the Villages and Plantations thereunto belonging and the\\nboundaries fixed in the deed then given, remained unchanged until\\nthe recent act of the legislature constituting the new county of\\nHudson, when Jersey City was set oft The township, in the deed,\\nDutch for stone referring to the Palisades", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0232.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "HUDSON COUNTY. 227\\nwas estimated to embrace 11,520 acres, (perhaps not more than\\nhalf the actual quantity,) and it was about 16 miles long, by 4 in\\nwidth, including the said towne of Bergen, Communipaw, Ahassi-\\nmus, Minkacque, and Pembrepock, bounded on the E., S., and W.\\nby New York and Newark bays, and Hackensack river. The con-\\nditions of this charter were admirable. By it, the Freeholders\\nwithin the said Jurisdiction, were bound to pay the Lords Pro-\\nprietors and their successors, on every 25th day of March, \u00c2\u00a315,\\nas a quit-rent forever. They had power to chuse their owne\\nmagistrates to be assistants to the President or Judge of the Court,\\nand for the ordering of all Public Affaires within the said Jurisdic-\\ntion. They were also enjoined to provide for religious worship,\\nto chuse a minister for the preaching of the Word of God, and\\nthe administering his Holy Sacraments, to lay out such a pro-\\nportion of Land for him, and the keeping of a Free School for the\\nEducation of Youth, as they shall think fit which Land is to re-\\nmaine and to continue forever without Tax or Rent. No person\\nwas to be molested for religious opinions, provided they did not\\nextend to Licentiousness, c, c*\\nThe first settlement was doubtless at the village of Bergen, 2\\nmiles west of Jersey City, on the summit of Bergen ridge, which\\nnow contains about 30 dwellings and a Reformed Dutch church.\\nThe names of some of the early settlers in this region were, Pin-\\nhorne, Eickbe, Berrie, Kiersted, Van Home, Van Winkle, Edsall,\\nVan Guellin, Van Vorst, c. and their descendants have continued\\nto occupy the country to the present day, retaining much of their\\nprimitive habits, their language, industry, cleanliness, and general\\neconomy.\\nThe following is a description of this country in 1680, taken from\\nSmith s History of New Jersey\\nNear the mouth of the bay, upon the side of Overprook creek, adjacent to Hackensack\\nriver, several of the ricli valleys were then (1680) settled by the Dutch; and near Snake\\nhill was a fine plantation, owned by Pinhorne and Eickbe, for half of which, Pinhorne\\nis said to have paid \u00c2\u00a3500. There were other settlements upon Hackensack river, and\\non a creek near it, Sarah Kiersted, of New York, had a tract given her by an old Indian\\nsachem, for services in interpreting between the Indians and Dutch, and on which sev-\\neral families were settled John Berrie had a large plantation, 2 or 3 miles above, where\\nhe then lived, and had considerable improvements as had also near him, his son-in-law,\\nSmith, and one Baker, from Barbadoes. On the west side of the creek, opposite to Ber-\\nrie, were other plantations but none more northerly. There was a considerable settle-\\nment upon Bergen Point, then called Constable Hook, and first improved by Edsall, in\\nNicoll s time. Other small plantations were improved along Bergen neck, to the east,\\nbetween the point and a large village of 20 families, (Communipaw.) Further along lived\\n16 or 18 families, and opposite New York about 40 families were seated. Southward\\nfrom this, a few families settled together, at a place called Duke s Farm and further up\\nthe country was a place called Hoebuck, formerly owned by a Dutch merchant, who, in\\nthe Indian wars with the Dutch, had his wife, children, and servants murdered by the\\nIndians, and his house and stock destroyed by them but it was now settled again, and\\na mill erected there. Along the river-side to the N. were lands settled by William Law-\\nrence, Samuel Edsall, and Capt. Beinfield and at Haversham, near the Highlands, Gov.\\nCarteret had taken up two large tracts one for himself, the other for Andrew Campyne\\nand Co., which were now but little improved. The plantations on both sides of the neck,\\nFor this deed in full, see the Jersey City Advertiser of Feb. 1st, 1842.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0233.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "228 HUDSON COUNTY.\\nto its utmost extent, as also those at Hackensack, were under the jurisdiction of Bergen,\\ntown, situate about the middle of the neck where was a court held by selectmen or\\noverseers, consisting of 4 or more in number, as the people thought best, chose annually\\nto try small causes, as had been the practice in all the rest of the towns at first 2 courts\\nof sessions were held here yearly, from which, if the cause exceeded \u00c2\u00a320, the party might\\nappeal to the governor, council, and court of deputies or assembly.\\nBergen, a compact town which had been fortified against the Indians, contained about\\n70 families its inhabitants were chiefly Dutch, some of whom had been settled there\\nupwards of 40 years.\\nThe following interesting facts, relating to the ecclesiastical his-\\ntory of the village, are from a manuscript historical discourse by the\\nRev. B. C. Taylor, D. D., Bergen\\nIn 1663, the inhabitants agreed to be taxed for a place of worship, and in 1664, the\\nchurch records commenced, and have been regularly kept ever since. About that period\\nthe church was constituted, being the first church of any denomination in the state, and\\none of the first Dutch Reformed churches in the Union.* Until 1680, public worship\\nwas held in a rude structure, probably of logs, which, tradition says, stood on the hill\\nwithin what is now known as the old graveyard. That year, the first regular church\\nAncient Reformed Dutch Church, Bergen.\\nedifice was erected. It was built of stone, octagonal in form with pews around the\\nwall, solely occupied by the males, while the remainder of the floor was covered with\\nchairs for the females. A belfry rose from the roof, and when ringing, the sexton stood\\nin the centre of the church. In 1773, this church was taken down, and a new one\\n(shown in the annexed view) was erected, which stood until 1841, when the present\\nsplendid church edifice, standing 15 or 20 rods south of the old one, was built. On it\\nis the appropriate inscription The Lord our God be with us, as he was with our fa-\\nthers let him not leave us or forsake us. The territory over which the congregation\\nwas originally scattered, comprised the whole of the ancient township of Bergen, in\\nwhich, for 162 years, it was the only organized church. On the hallowed spot where\\nthe late house of worship stood, there was, at least for 140 years, the only house of wor-\\nship. There, for over 160 years, successive generations worshipped the living God.\\nThere are now, (1843,) in the same limits, 15 temples in which public worship is held,\\n4 of which are in this township, viz 1 Reformed Dutch and 2 Methodist churches at\\nBergen neck, and 1 Reformed Dutch at Bergen.\\nThe congregation, from its organization, was supplied with preaching from the Reform-\\ned Dutch church at New York. In 1750, a call was made by the consistories of Staten\\nPrevious to this, there had been organized a church of this denomination at Albany,\\none at New York, one at Kingston, and one at Flatbush.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0234.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "HUDSON COUNTY. 229\\nIsland and Bergen, on one Petrus De Wint. He commenced as a candidate, and en-\\ndeavored to procure his ordination as a minister, and installation as a pastor, of these\\nchurches, from the party known as the Ccetus.* The call, however, was referred to the\\nClassis of Amsterdam for approval, from which hody a letter was subsequently received,\\ndeclaring De Wint to be an impostor upon which he was discharged by the congrega-\\ntions. In 1752, the two churches unitedly called Wm. Jackson, a young theological\\nstudent, whom they sent to Holland to complete his education.\\nIn 1757 he returned as an ordained minister, with a commission appointing three cler-\\ngymen of the Dutch church in this country to install him pastor over these churches\\nwhich took place Sept. 10, 1757. He was an able and devoted minister. On the 10th\\nof December, 1789, the Classis of Hackensack recommended to him the propriety of re-\\nturning his call, by reason of sore mental affliction. The church then secured to him,\\nthrough life, the parsonage and adjacent lands and administered to his wants until his\\ndeath, July 25, 1813, at the age of 82, and nearly 24 years after his release from the\\nchurch. On the 28th of November, 1792, this church united with that of English\\nNeighborhood in a call on the Rev. John Cornelison, which he accepted, and continued\\nin the double charge until December 1, 1806 from which time until his death, March,\\n1828, he was pastor of this church alone. On the 1st of July, 1628, the present pastor,\\nthe Rev. Benjamin C. Taylor, D. D., entered upon his labors. It is a fact worthy of no-\\ntice, that there are now in this congregation 35 pew-holders with the prefix of Van to\\ntheir names of these there are 22 of the name of Van Vreeland. Other very numerous\\nnames are the Van Winkles, Van Horns, Van Reypens, Van Boskircks, Newkirks, and\\nCadmuses. Previous to the settlement of Cornelison, and during part of his ministry,\\nthe services were in the Dutch language and the church records, until 1S09, were in\\nDutch.\\nIn the war of the revolution Bergen village was frequently suc-\\ncessively occupied by American and British troops on the same\\nday and there was much skirmishing between them. A fort was\\nerected by the Americans, about 200 yards E. of the centre of the\\nvillage, on land belonging to Garret G. Newkirk and one by the\\nBritish, on Van Vorst s hill, about a mile SE. They were simply\\nearthen breastworks covered with sod, with trenches in front.\\nThe accompanying extract from an ancient newspaper, relates to\\nthe murder of Stephen Ball by the refugees, Feb. 15th, 1781. Ac-\\ncording to tradition, he was hung on a small persimmon-tree, near\\nthe tide-mill on Bergen Point. After he was dead the refugees cut\\nthe rope, and his corpse fell into a grave dug by them. He was\\nsubsequently reburied at Newark.\\nThis unfortunate man was deluded by a declaration made by the commanding officer\\non Staten Island, that all persons who would bring provisions should have liberty to sell\\nthe same, and return unmolested in consequence of which declaration Ball carried over\\nfour quarters of beef, with a full assurance of being well treated, and expected to return\\nundiscovered by his countrymen but soon after his arrival on that island, he was seized\\nby Cornelius Hetfield, who commanded a party of six or seven men, and was carried be-\\nfore Gen. Patterson, who refused to call a court-martial to try him. From thence he\\nwas carried before Gen. Skinner, in order for trial but he also refused, pretending to\\nshudder at the thought of trying and executing a person who came to bring them relief.\\nNevertheless, the said Hetfield and his party, being lost to every sense of humanity, af-\\nter robbing their prisoner of what property he had with him, carried him across to Ber-\\ngen Point, and without even the form of a trial, immediately informed him that he had\\nbut ten minutes to live, and accordingly put their horrid design into execution, notwith-\\nstanding the prisoner strenuously urged that he came with provision, agreeably to the\\nabove mentioned declaration. And when he found they were determined to take his life,\\nhe begged for a few minutes longer, but was answered that his request could not be\\nThe Ccetus party were those who advocated the ordination of ministers in this\\ncountry, the Conferentie party, those who would receive none but such as were ordain-\\ned in Holland.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0235.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "230 HUDSON COUNTY.\\ngranted but if he had a desire any person should pray with him, one of their party\\nshould officiate. When he was near expiring, James Hetfield, one of the banditti, put a\\nknife in his hand, and swore that he should not go into another world unarmed. The\\npersons who perpetrated this cruel act were Cornelius Hetfield, Job Hetfield, James Het-\\nfield, sen., James Hetfield, jr., Elias Man, and Samuel Man all late inhabitants of\\nElizabethtown and Job Smith, late an inhabitant of Bergen. When Ball s father be-\\ncame acquainted with the tragical death of his son, he solicited a flag, which he ob-\\ntained, for the purpose of bringing over the corpse; but the enemy, with savage brutal\\nity, would not suffer them to land.\\nAt the close of the revolution, Cornelius Hetfield, the principal in\\nthis murder, fled to Nova Scotia. In 1807 he returned to this\\nstate, and was arrested for the crime. After his incarceration in\\nthe Newark jail, he was shortly brought before Judge Pennington,\\non a writ of habeas corpus. He was finally discharged by the\\njudge, who was of opinion, by the spirit of the treaty of 1783, that\\nhe was not answerable for the transaction.\\nCommunipaw is a small settlement, consisting of 12 or 15 houses,\\nfacing the sea, on the shore, about 2 miles below Jersey city and\\ninhabited principally by fishermen. It was very early settled by\\nthe Dutch and its inhabitants have long been noted for their\\ntenacity to the customs of their ancestors. Washington Irving, in\\nhis history of New York, humorously describes this place.\\nHARRISON.\\nHarrison was recently formed from the southern part of Lodi.\\nIts extreme length is 9, and average breadth about 3 miles. It is\\nbounded N. by Lodi, Bergen co. E. by Hackensack river, dividing\\nit from Bergen and North Bergen S. by Newark bay and Passaic\\nriver, the latter separating it from Newark and W. by the Passaic\\nriver, separating it from Newark and Belleville, Essex co., and\\nAcquackanonck, Passaic co. Pop. 1,173. The surface is mainly\\nlevel and more than half of its territory (that bordering on the\\nHackensack river) is a salt marsh. On the west, along the mar-\\ngin of the Passaic, extends a strip of fine arable and well-culti-\\nvated land, nearly 2 miles in width. Pleasantly situated on the\\nbank of the river, are a number of handsome country-seats, sur-\\nrounded by highly cultivated grounds, descending with a gradual\\nslope to the water s edge.\\nThe New Jersey railroad crosses the southern part, and the Pat-\\nerson and Hudson railroad the northern portion of Harrison. The\\nSchuyler copper-mine is in the W. part of the township, near\\nBelleville. It was discovered about the year 1719, by Arent\\nSchuyler. It is a valuable deposit of superior copper ore, and has\\nbeen extensively worked, with varied success, at different times.\\nJERSEY CITY.\\nJersey City lies on the west bank of the Hudson, opposite New\\nYork, on a peninsula, the Indian name of which was Arese-heck", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0236.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "HUDSON COUNTY. 231\\nIt was sometimes called, by the Dutch, Areseck-Houck. Soon\\nafter the arrival, in 1638, of William Kieft, Director-general of the\\nDutch West India Co., he had in his possession a farm, described\\nas a lot of land called Paulas Hoeck, which is the first application\\nof the name of Paulus Hook to this peninsula.\\nPowles Hook, from a very remote period, belonged to the Van\\nVorst family and in 1804 was vested in Cornelius Van Vorst.\\nOn the 10th Nov. 1804, an act to incorporate the Associates of the\\nJersey Co. was passed by the legislature of the state, to whom the\\ntitle by this time was conveyed. On the 28th Jan. 1820, an act to\\nincorporate the City of Jersey, in the county of Bergen, was passed\\nunder which, and the various supplements and amendments there-\\nto since passed, this city has continued to this time.\\nThe city, although small, is well laid out, with wide and com-\\nmodious streets, and contains many large and elegant dwellings.\\nIt is the seat of justice for Hudson co., and a port of entry, annexed\\nto the collection district of New York, together with all that part\\nof New Jersey lying north and east of Elizabethtown and Staten\\nIsland. It was a mere village at the time of its incorporation, in\\n1820, containing only about 300 inhabitants. It has since been\\nvery thriving, and now has a population of about 4,000. It con-\\ntains 5 churches, of which the first-named is the oldest 1 Episco-\\npal, 1 Reformed Dutch, 1 Congregational, 1 Methodist, and 1 Cath-\\nolic a female academy, in fine repute, (Misses Edwards, princi-\\npals an excellent high-school for males, (W. L. Dickinson, Esq.,\\nprincipal the American Pottery Co., who make beautiful delft-\\nware the Jersey City Glass Co., conducted by Phineas C. Dum-\\nmer Co., which employs 100 hands, and manufactures plain and\\ncut glass 1 newspaper printing-office, 3 lumber-yards, 2 iron-\\nfoundries, and many stores and mechanic shops. The city is well\\nlighted with street-lamps.\\nThis is now the principal starting-point of the great line of south-\\nern travel. The New Jersey railroad commences here, and, in con-\\nnection with other railroads, extends to Philadelphia. The Pater-\\nson and Hudson railroad also commences at this place, diverging\\nfrom the New Jersey railroad at Bergen Hill thence running to\\nPaterson, a distance of 16^ miles. This road will ultimately ex-\\ntend and unite with the Erie railroad, in which event this city will\\nbe vastly benefited. The Morris canal also terminates at J ersey\\nCity, after pursuing a circuitous route, from the Delaware river,\\nof 101 miles. In its course it has a total rise and fall of 1669 feet,\\nwhich is overcome by locks and inclined planes. The summit\\nlevel is 915 feet above the Atlantic ocean. From the magnitude\\nof the public works terminating at this point, Jersey City must fast\\nincrease in importance and population, being closely allied to New\\nYork, (distant one mile,) with which communication is had every\\n15 minutes, by a line of excellent ferry-boats, nowhere surpassed.\\nIn the war of the revolution, the spot where Jersey City now\\nstands was an outpost of the British army, during their occupancy", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0237.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "232 HUDSON COUNTY.\\nof New York. Their fort on Powles Hook, as the place was then\\ncalled, was located near the building lately used by the Morris\\nCanal and Banking Co., for their banking-house, at the corner of\\nGrand and Greene sts. The graveyard was near the site of the\\nEpiscopal church. In grading the streets, a few years since, in that\\nneighborhood, human remains were disinterred, together with a\\nvariety of military relics. In the latter part of the summer of\\n1779, this fortress was surprised by Maj. Lee the following ac-\\ncount of which is from Marshall s Life of Washington\\nWhile Sir Henry Clinton continued encamped just above Haerlem, with his upper\\nposts at Kingsbridge, and the American army preserved its station in the Highlands, a\\nbold plan was formed for surprising a British post at Powles Hook, which was executed\\nwith great address by Maj. Lee.\\nThis officer was employed on the west side of the river, with directions to observe the\\nsituation ol the British in Stony Point, but, principally, to watch the motions of their\\nmain army. While his parties scoured the country, he obtained intelligence which sug-\\ngested the idea of surprising and carrying off the garrison at Powles Hook, immediately\\nopposite the town of New York, penetrating deep into the river. On the point nearest\\nNew York, some works had been constructed, which were garrisoned by four or five\\nhundred men.\\nA deep ditch, into which the water of the river flowed, having over it a drawbridge\\nconnected with a barred gate, had been cut across the isthmus, so as to make the Hook,\\nin reality, an island. This ditch could be passed only at low water. Thirty feet within\\nit was a row of abattis running into the river and some distance in front of it is a\\ncreek, fordable only in two places.\\nThis difficulty of access, added to the remoteness of the nearest corps of the Ameri-\\ncan army, impressed the garrison with the opinion that they were perfectly secure and\\nthis opinion produced an unmilitary remissness in the commanding officer, which did\\nnot escape the vigilance of Lee.\\nOn receiving his communication, Gen. Washington was inclined to favor the enter,\\nprise they suggested but withheld his full assent until he was satisfied that the assail-\\nants would be able to make good their retreat.\\nThe Hackensack, which communicates with the waters of the Hudson below New\\nYork, runs almost parallel with that river quite to its source, and is separated from it\\nonly a few miles. This neck is still further narrowed by a deep creek which divides it,\\nand empties into the Hackensack below Fort Lee. West of that river runs the Passaic,\\nwhich unites with it near Newark, and forms another long and narrow neck of land.\\nFrom Powles Hook to the new bridge, the first place where the Hackensack could be\\ncrossed without boats, the distance is fourteen miles and from the North river to the\\nroad leading from the one place to the other, there are three points of interception, the\\nnearest of which is less than two miles, and the farthest not more than three. The\\nBritish were encamped in full force along the North river, opposite to the points of in-\\nterception. To diminish the danger of the retreat, it was intended to occupy the roads\\nleading through the mountains of the Hudson, to the Hackensack, with a select body\\nof troops.\\nEvery preparatory arrangement being made, the night of the 18th of August was\\nfixed on for the enterprise. A detachment from the division of Lord Stirling, including\\n300 men, designed for the expedition, was ordered down as a foraging party. As there\\nwas nothing unusual in this movement, it excited no suspicion. Lord Stirling followed\\nwith 500 men, and encamped at the new bridge.\\nMaj. Lee, at the head of 300 men, took the road through the mountains, which ran\\nparallel to the North river and, having secured all the passes into York island, reached\\nthe creek which surrounds the Hook, between two and three in the morning. He passed\\nfirst the creek, and then the ditch, undiscovered, and about three in the morning en-\\ntered the main work and, with the loss of only two killed and three wounded, made\\n159 prisoners, including three officers. Very few of the British were killed. Maj. Suth-\\nerland, who commanded the garrison, threw himself, with 40 or 50 Hessians, into a\\nstrong redoubt, which it was thought unadvisable to attack, because the time occupied\\nin carrying it might endanger the retreat. Wasting no time in destroying what could\\neasily be replaced, Maj. Lee hastened to bring oft his prisoners and his detachment.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0238.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0239.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0240.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "HUDSON COUNTY. 233\\nTo avoid the danger of retreating up the narrow neck of land which has already been\\ndescribed, some boats had been brought, in the course of the night, to Dow s Ferry, on\\nthe Hackensack, not far from Powles Hook. The officer who guarded them was direct-\\ned to remain until the arrival of the troops engaged in the expedition, which, it was un-\\nderstood, would happen before day. The light having made its appearance without any\\nintelligence from Maj. Lee, the officer having charge of the boats conjectured that the\\nattack had been postponed and, to avoid discovery, retired with them to Newark. The\\nhead of the retreating column soon afterward reached the ferry and, fatigued as they\\nwere by the toilsome inarch of the preceding night, were compelled to pass as r idly as\\npossible up the narrow neck of land, between the two rivers, to the new H dge. A\\nhorseman was dispatched, with this information, to Lord Stirling, and the line of march\\nwas resumed.\\nAbout nine in the preceding evening, Maj. Buskirk had been detached up the North\\nriver, with a considerable part of the garrison of Powles Hook, and some other troops,\\nfor the purpose of falling in with the American party, supposed to be foraging about the\\nEnglish Neighborhood.\\nOn receiving intelligence of the disappointment respecting the boats, Lord Stirling\\ntook the precaution to detach Col. Ball, with 200 fresh men, to meet Lee, and cover his\\nretreat. Just after Ball had passed, Buskirk entered the main road, and fired on his\\nrear. Taking it for granted that this was only the advanced corps of a large detach-\\nment, sent to intercept the party retreating from Powles Hook, Ball made a circuit to\\navoid the enemy and Buskirk, finding a detachment he had not expected, took the same\\nmeasure to secure his own retreat. The two parties, narrowly missing each other, re-\\nturned to their respective points of departure and Lee reached the new bridge without\\ninterruption.\\nThis critical enterprise reflected much honor on the partisan with whom it originated,\\nand by whom it was conducted. Gen. Washington announced it to the army, in his\\norders, with much approbation and congress bestowed upon it a degree of applause\\nmore adapted to the talent displayed in performing the service than to its magnitude.\\nIt was at this place that the intrepid Champe, in his pretended\\ndesertion from the American army, while being hotly pursued, at\\nthe peril of his life, from near Tappan, by a party of Lee s legion,\\nof which he was the sergeant-major, embarked on board of a\\nBritish barge, and escaped to New York, for the purpose of getting\\nArnold, by stratagem, into the power of Washington and thus\\nsave the life of the unfortunate Andre. For a full and thrilling\\nnarration of this event, the reader is referred to Lee s Southern\\nCampaigns.\\nNORTH BERGEN.\\nNorth Bergen was formed, in 1842, from that part of Bergen N.\\nof the New Jersey railroad. It is 6 miles long, and from 2 to 4\\nwide. It is bounded N. by Hackensack and Lodi, (Bergen co.,) E.\\nby Hudson river and Van Vorst, S. by Bergen, and W. by Passaic\\nriver, separating it from Harrison. The Palisades enter the town-\\nship on the north. Much of its surface is marsh elsewhere the\\nsoil is generally very fertile, and produces large quantities of vege-\\ntables for the New York market.\\nNorth Bergen is a scattered settlement, on the summit of the\\nridge north of the New Jersey railroad, 2 miles west of Jersey\\nCity, containing about 60 dwellings. Secaucus is an island, or\\nmore properly a strip of firm land, surrounded by a marsh, in the\\nN W. part of the township. There is at that place a Baptist church.\\n30", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0241.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "234\\nHUDSON COUNTY.\\nNew Durham, 4 miles north of Hoboken, on the Hackensack turn-\\npike, has 1 Reformed Dutch and 1 Baptist church, and about 50\\ndwellings. West Hoboken is a recent settlement, handsomely laid\\nout on the brow of an eminence, about 2 miles from Hoboken\\nlanding. Hoboken, supposed anciently to be called Hoebuek, lies\\non the Hudson, 1 mile from New York, with which constant com-\\nmunication is had by ferry-boats. It contains an Episcopal church,\\nand from 50 to 70 dwellings. The pleasant and shady retreats,\\ndelightfully situated at this place, on the banks of the river, have\\nlong made it a favorite resort.\\nDuelling-Ground and Hamilton s Monument.\\nA short distance above Weehawken, and about three miles above\\nHoboken, overhung by the Palisades, on the bank of the Hudson,\\nis the spot famous as the duelling-ground Here several have\\npaid the forfeit of their lives to a custom at which humanity shudders,\\nand which all laws, divine and human, condemn. Here it was that\\nGen. Alexander Hamilton fell in a duel with Col. Aaron Burr, Vice-\\nPresident of the United States, July 11th, 1804; an event at which\\na nation mourned. A monument was erected to the memory of\\nHamilton on the spot where he fell, by a society in New York, of\\nwhich the annexed view, taken many years since, by J. C. Ward,\\nEsq., is a representation. The monument was destroyed by the\\nhand of violence, and the pieces carried off as relics. The piece\\nbearing the inscription was found in a low groggery in New York,\\nwhere it had been pawned for liquor. It is now in possession of a\\ngentleman residing in the vicinity.\\nThe annexed account is drawn from Coleman s Collections, rela-\\ntive to the death of Hamilton\\nHamilton s political opinions were at variance with those of Burr, and some expres-\\nsions he had dropped, derogatory to the Vice-President, were eagerly embraced by the", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0242.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "HUDSON COUNTY. 235\\nJatter as affording sufficient grounds for sending him an insolent note, requiring him to\\nacknowledge or disavow those expressions. General Hamilton refused to do either, and\\na challenge from Col. Burr was the consequence. Much delay and deliberation on the\\npart of Hamilton was resorted to, but he finally accepted the challenge.\\nIt was near seven in tbe morning when the boat which carried Gen. Hamilton, his\\nsecond, Mr. Pendleton, and their surgeon, Dr. Hosack, reached Weakawk. There they\\nfound Col. Burr and his second, Mr. Van Ness, who had been employed since their ar-\\nrival, with coats off*, in clearing away the bushes, limbs of trees, c, so as to make a\\nfair opening. The parties were soon at their allotted stations when Mr. Pendleton,\\ngave the word, Burr raised his arm slowly, deliberately took aim, and fired. His ball\\nentered Hamilton s right side; as soon as the bullet struck him, he raised himself invol-\\nuntarily on his toes, turned a little to the left, (at which moment his pistol went oft*,)\\nand fell upon his face.\\nDr. Hosack says When called to him, upon his receiving the fatal wound, I found\\nhim half-sitting on the ground, supported in the arms of Mr. Pendleton. His counte-\\nnance of death I shall never forget. He had at that instant just strength to say, This\\nis a mortal wound, Doctor; when he sunk away, and became to all appearance lifeless.\\nI immediately stripped up his clothes, and soon, alas ascertained that the direction of\\nthe ball must have been through some vital part. His pulses were not to be felt his\\nrespiration was entirely suspended and upon my laying my hand upon his heart, and\\nperceiving no motion, then I perceived him irrecoverably gone. I however observed to\\nMr. Pendleton, that the only chance for his reviving was immediately to get him upon\\nthe water. We therefore lifted him up, and carried him out of the wood to the margin\\nof the bank, where the bargemen aided us in conveying him into the boat, which imme-\\ndiately put oft*. During all this time I could not discover the least symptom of return-\\ning life. I now rubbed his face, lips, and temples with spirits of hartshorn, applied it\\nto his neck and breast, and to the wrist and palms of his hands, and endeavored to pour\\nsome into his mouth. When we had got, as I should judge, some 50 yards from the\\nshore, some imperfect efforts to breathe were for the first time made manifest; in a few\\nminutes he sighed, and became sensible to the impression of the hartshorn, or the fresh\\nair of the water. He breathed his eyes, hardly opened, wandered, without fixing upon\\nany objects to our great joy he at length spoke My vision is indistinct, were his\\nfirst words. His pulse became more perceptible; his respiration more regular; his sight\\nreturned. I then examined the wound, to know if there was any dangerous discharge\\nof blood upon slightly pressing his side it gave him pain on which I desisted. Soon\\nafter, recovering his sight, he happened to cast his eyes upon the case of pistols, and ob-\\nserving the one that he had in his hand lying on the outside, he said, Take care of that\\npistol; it is undischarged and still cocked; it may go off and do harm; Pendleton\\nknows (attempting to turn his head toward him) that I did not intend to fire at him.\\nYes, said Mr. Pendleton, understanding his wish, I have already made Dr. Hosack\\nacquainted with your determination as to that. He then closed his eyes and remained\\ncalm, without any disposition to speak; nor did he say much afterwards, excepting in\\nreply to my questions as to his feelings. He asked me once or twice how I found his\\npulse and he informed me that his lower extremities had lost all feeling manifesting\\nto me that he entertained no hopes that he should long survive. I changed the posture\\nof his limbs, but to no purpose they had totally lost their sensibility. Perceiving that\\nwe approached the shore, he said, Let Mrs. Hamilton be immediately sent for let the\\nevent be gradually broken to her but give her hopes. Looking up, we saw his friend\\nMr. Bayard standing on the wharf in great agitation. He had been told by his servant\\nthat Gen. Hamilton, Mr. Pendleton, and myself had crossed the river in a boat together,\\nand too well had lie conjectured the fatal errand, and foreboded the dreadful result. Per-\\nceiving, as we came nearer, that Mr. Pendleton and myself only sat up in the stern\\nsheets, he clasped his hands together in the most violent apprehension but when I called\\nto him to have a cot prepared, and he at the same moment saw his poor friend lying in\\nthe bottom of the boat, he threw up his eyes, and burst into a flood of tears and lamen-\\ntations. Hamilton alone appeared tranquil and composed. We then conveyed him as\\ntenderly as possible up to the house. The distresses of this amiable family were such\\nthat, till the first shock was abated, they were scarcely able to summon fortitude enough\\nto yield sufficient assistance to their dying friend During the night he had\\nsome imperfect sleep, but the succeeding morning his symptoms were aggravated, attend-\\ned, however, with a diminution of pain. His mind retained all its usual strength and\\ncomposure. The great source of his anxiety seemed to be in his sympathy with his half-\\ndistracted wife and children. He spoke to me frequently of them. My beloved wife", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0243.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "236 HUDSON COUNTY.\\nand children, were always his expressions. But his fortitude triumphed over his situa-\\ntion, dreadful as it was once, indeed, at the sight of his little children, brought to the\\nbedside together, seven in number, his utterance forsook him he opened his eyes, gave\\nthem one look, and closed them again until they were taken away. As a proof of his\\nextraordinary composure, let me add that he alone could calm the frantic grief of their\\nmother. Remember, my Eliza, you are a Christian. were the expressions with which\\nhe frequently, with a firm voice, but in a pathetic and impressive manner, addressed her.\\nHis words, and the tone in which they were uttered, will never be effaced from my\\nmemory. At about two o clock he expired.\\nAfter his death, a paper was found in his own handwriting, containing his reasons\\nfor accepting the challenge and also confirming his own words, that it was not his in-\\ntention to fire at Col. Burr. He gave his testimony against duelling in the same paper,\\nin these words My religious and moral principles are strongly opposed to the practice\\nof duelling. It would ever give me pain to be obliged to shed the blood of a fellow-crea-\\nture in a private combat forbidden by the laws. My wife and children are extremely\\ndear to me, and my life is of the utmost importance to them, in various views. He\\nalso gave unequivocal evidence of his firm reliance on the merits of a Saviour for par-\\ndoning mercy, and at his earnest request, the evening before his death, the sacrament of\\nthe Lord s supper was administered to him. In his interview with the Rev. Dr. Mason,\\na few hours before his death, he said, Duelling was always against my principles I\\nused every expedient to avoid the interview but I have found, for some time past, that\\nmy life must be exposed to that man. I went to the field determined not to take his life.\\nImmediately after his decease, the bells announced that he was no more. Early on\\nthe morning of Saturday, the day of his funeral, all the bells were muffled and tolled\\nwith little intermission until the procession reached the church, somewhere between one\\nand two o clock. The ships in the harbor exhibited their colors at half-mast, and min-\\nute-guns were fired from the forts. The procession consisted of the clergy of all de-\\nnominations gentlemen of the bar students at law strangers members of the dif-\\nferent incorporated bodies, together with the citizens all anxious to testify their sense\\nof Hamilton s worth. The side-walks were crowded with spectators the windows\\nwere filled and many climbed up into trees, and got upon the tops of houses. Not a\\nsmile was visible scarcely a whisper was heard all was weeping, mourning, and wo.\\nWhen the procession reached Trinity Church, Mr. Gouverneur Morris delivered an oration\\nfrom a stage that had been erected for the purpose in the portico of the church. After\\nthe oration, the corpse was carried to the grave, where the funeral service was performed\\nby the Rev. Bishop Moore. The troops, which had formed an extensive hollow square\\nin the church-yard, closed the solemnities with three volleys over the grave.\\nOn opening the will of the deceased, a letter was found addressed by him to Mrs.\\nHamilton, written on the 4th inst., in which he assured her he had taken all possible\\nmeasures to avoid the duel, except by acting in a manner which would justly forfeit her\\nesteem that he had determined not to fire at him and should certainly fall. He begged\\nher forgiveness for causing her so much pain, and commended her to that God who\\nwould never desert her.\\nThe whole nation was now literally in tears. It has in fact been questioned whether\\nthe death of Washington excited a more universal gloom. All party feeling was swal-\\nlowed up in grief all united in the general voice of sorrow, Our Hamilton is no 7noret. n\\nThe following is from the Albany Centinel of August 29 On Sunday last, the af-\\nflicted Mrs. Hamilton attended divine service in this city with her three little sons. At\\nthe close of a prayer by the Rev. Mr. Nott, the eldest dropped on his face in a fainting-fit.\\nTwo gentlemen immediately raised him, and while bearing him out, the afflicted mother,\\nin the agonies of grief and despair, sprang forward towards her apparently lifeless son.\\nThe heart-rending scene with which she had recently struggled, called forth all the fine-\\nspun sensibilities of her nature, and seemed to say, that nature must and will be in-\\ndulged in her keenest sorrows. She was overpowered in the conflict, and likewise sunk,\\nuttering such heart-rending groans, as would have melted into sympathy even Burr him-\\nself. Both soon recovered and while the little son was supported, standing on the steps,\\nyet speechless, the most affecting scene presented itself a scene which, could it be placed\\non canvass by the hand of a master, would be in the highest degree interesting and im-\\npressive. The mother fastened upon her son, with her head reclining on his shoulder\\nagony strongly painted on her countenance her long flowing weeds the majesty of her\\nperson the position of both and above all, the peculiarity of their trying situation in\\nthe recent loss of a husband and father. Who could refrain from invoking on the head\\nof the guilty author of their miseries, those curses he so richly merits the curse of", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0244.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "HUDSON COUNTY.\\n237\\nliving, despised and execrated by the voice of a whole nation the curse of being held\\nup to the view of future ages a monster and an assassin.\\nIn July, 1780, Washington, having received information that\\nthere were considerable numbers of cattle in Bergen Neck, in\\nreach of the enemy, detached Gen. Wayne to bring them off, and\\nat the same time attack a blockhouse which stood on the Hudson\\nriver, in this township, about half a mile below Bull s Ferry and\\nthe present line of Bergen co. [See page 75.] It was on the oc-\\ncasion of this expedition that Major Andre wrote the poem entitled\\nthe Cow Chace which was printed by Rivington, printer to his\\nmajesty, in New York. It consists of stanzas divided into three\\ncantos. It is said that Andre gave the printer the last canto the\\nday before he left New York, on the enterprise which cost him his\\nlife. The poem appeared in the Royal Gazette on the morning\\nof the day he was taken. The following stanzas are selected from\\nit the last of which appears somewhat prophetic.\\nTo drive the kine one summer s morn\\nThe tanner took his way\\nThe calf shall rue that is unborn\\nThe jumbling of that day.\\nAnd Wayne descending steers shall know,\\nAnd tauntingly deride,\\nAnd call to mind in every low\\nThe tanning of his hide.\\nYet Bergen cows still ruminate\\nUnconscious in the stall,\\nWhat mighty means were used to get\\nAnd lose them after all.\\nFor many heroes bold and brave,\\nFrom New Bridge and Tapaan,\\nAnd those that drink Passaick s wave,\\nAnd those that eat soupaan\\nAnd sons of distant Delaware,\\nAnd still remoter Shannon,\\nAnd Major Lee with horses rare,\\nAnd Proctor with his cannon\\nI, under cover of th attack,\\nWhilst you are all at blows,\\nFrom English Neighb rood and Tinack\\nWill drive away the cows.\\nAt Irvine s nod twas fine to see\\nThe left prepare to fight,\\nThe while the drovers, Wayne and Lee,\\nDrew off upon the right.\\nSublime upon his stirrups rose\\nThe mighty Lee behind,\\nAnd drove the terror-smitten cows\\nLike chaff before the wind.\\nBut sudden see the woods above\\nPour down another corps\\nAll helter-skelter in a drove,\\nLike that I sung before.\\nIrvine and terror in the van\\nCame flying all abroad\\nAnd cannon, colors, horse, and man,\\nRan tumbling: to the road.\\nIn his dismay the frantic priest\\nBeejan to grow prophetic\\nYou d swore, to see his lab ring breast,\\nHe d taken an emetic.\\nThis solemn prophecy, of course,\\nGave all much consolation,\\nExcept to Wayne, who lost his horse\\nUpon the great occasion.\\nHis horse that carried all his prog,\\nHis military speeches,\\nHis cornstalk-whiskey for his grog,\\nBlue stockings and brown breeches.\\nAnd now I ve closed my epic strain,\\nI tremble as I show it,\\nLest this same warrior-drover, Wayne,\\nShould ever catch the poet.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0245.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "238 HUNTERDON COUNTY.\\nVAN VORST.\\nVan Vorst was taken from Bergen in 1841 and named from the\\nVan Vorst family, who are extensive landholders in this section.\\nIt has long been settled by the Dutch. Within its limits was the\\nancient town or settlement known as Ahassimus. It is about 1\u00c2\u00a3\\nmiles long, by a mile wide. It is bounded on the N. by North\\nBergen, E. by the Hudson river and Jersey City, S. by New York\\nbay, and W. by Bergen and North Bergen. It forms, with Jersey\\nCity, an island, cut off from the remaining portion of the county by\\nthe Creek of the Woods. The whole of this tract, including Jer-\\nsey City, is laid out in city lots, and is fast being built upon, and\\nere many years will be densely populated. Van Vorst now con-\\ntains 1 Baptist church, 1 Dutch Reformed church, and a population\\nof about 1,500.\\nHUNTERDON COUNTY,\\nHunterdon co. was set off from Burlington co., in 1713, and\\nnamed after Gov. Robert Hunter. Its limits have since been re-\\nduced by the formation of Warren, Sussex, Morris, and Mercer cos.\\nIts extreme length, N. and S., is 31 m. width, E. and W., 24 m. It\\nis bounded NW. by Warren co., S. by Mercer co., E. by Somerset\\nand Morris cos., and SW. by the Delaware river. It is somewhat\\nmountainous, though agreeably diversified with hills, table-lands,\\nand broad valleys. Sourland, or Rock mountain, extends along the\\nwhole line between this and Mercer co. There is a continuous\\nridge of hills running from Bool s island, on the Delaware, in a NE.\\ndirection, crossing the S. branch of the Raritan at Williamsport,\\nextending nearly across the centre of the county, and terminating\\nin the Kushetunk or Hog mountain, near White House village.\\nThe Musconetcong mountains extend from the junction of the Mus-\\nconetcong and Delaware rivers, across the N. tier of townships, to\\nMorris co., branching to the SE. as they approach Lebanon and\\nTewksbury, into several distinct spurs, known as the Spruce Run\\nhills, Fox hill, c. These elevations are sources of many never-\\nfailing streams, that fertilize the valleys and furnish abundant\\nwater-power.\\nThe south branch of the Raritan is a noble mill-stream, entering\\nthe county in a SW. direction from Morris co., through the German\\nvalley. It there forms a crescent, gradually curving to the left,\\nwatering seven townships, and then crossing the Somerset line.\\nThe Alexsockin, Nechanic, Wickechecoke, Laokatong, Nischisaco-\\nwick, Rockaway, and Spruce rivers, are considerable mill-streams.\\nThere is a great variety of soil in the county. The south part,", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0246.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "HUNTERDON COUNTY. 239\\nembracing a strip of land about 2 miles wide, along Sourland\\nmountain, is a cold, clayey, rocky soil between this and the hills\\nextending from Bool s island to Kushetunk, is a beautiful, highly-\\ncultivated, rolling country. The soil is principally red shale, lying\\ngenerally from one to six feet below the surface. On the summit\\nof this ridge, from Bool s island and next the Delaware, is a broad\\ntable-land known as the Great Swamp, covering an area of nearly\\n50 square miles. Between the Great Swamp and Musconetcong\\nmountains, and bordering on the Delaware, is another similar tract\\nof red shale, extending over a greater part of Alexandria. East\\nof this, come the valleys of the Capoolen, South Branch, and Round\\nvalley, where is the great limestone region of the county. The\\nsoil is a rich clayey loam, generally highly-cultivated. Limestone\\nis also found in the German valley and along the Musconetcong.\\nBordering on Alexandria and Bethlehem, is another table-land,\\nabout the same extent as the Great Swamp, called The Barrens.\\nIron ore abounds among the hills on the north, from which, for-\\nmerly, several furnaces and forges were supplied.\\nHunterdon co. is divided into 10 townships, viz\\nAlexandria, Bethlehem, Delaware, Lebanon, Readington,\\nAmwell, Clinton, Kingwood, Raritan, Tewksbury.\\nThe population of the county, in 1840, was 24,797.\\nALEXANDRIA.\\nThis township was incorporated in 1798. It is about 8 m. long,\\n6 wide bounded. NW. by Greenwich, Warren co., SE. by King-\\nwood, SW. by the Delaware, and NE. by Bethlehem. There are\\nin the township 10 stores, 6 flouring-m., 4 grist-m., 10 saw-m., 3\\noil-m. cap. in manufac. $139,955; 9 schools, 420 scholars. Pop.\\n3,420.\\nMilford is in a fertile country, upon the Delaware 15 m. NW.\\nof Flemington, and 12 below Easton, Penn. The engraving shows\\nits appearance when approached from the south on the River-road.\\nThe Presbyterian church is seen on the right. The Christ-ian\\nchurch is a substantial stone building in the central part of the\\nvillage. Thompson s hill, a beautiful, romantic eminence, 200 or\\n300 feet in height, appears in the background. Milford contains\\n3 stores, 3 taverns, 12 or 15 mechanic shops, 1 merchant and 2\\nsaw m., 2 churches, and 45 dwellings. There is a fine bridge\\nacross the Delaware, built in 1841, at an expense of about $20,000.\\nThe lumber trade is carried on extensively in this thriving village.\\nMilford, forty years since, contained a grist and 2 saw m., a black-\\nsmith shop, a store, and a few dwellings only. Its original name\\nwas Burnt Mills, from some mills destroyed here by fire, at an early\\nday, and later it was called Lowreytown. For thirty-five years past,\\nit has borne its present name. The Christ-ian church was built", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0247.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "240\\nHUNTERDON COUNTY.\\nabout fifteen years since, and as females were admitted to partici-\\npate in the ministry, a Mrs. Roberds, for the first year or two,\\npreached to the congregation. The Presbyterian church was\\nerected in 1835, and the Rev. Mr. Henshaw was the first settled\\nclergyman.\\nmmmemim\\nSouthern View of Milford.\\nFrenchtown, on the Delaware, 4 miles below Milford, has 1 grist-\\nin., 1 saw-m., 2 stores, 3 taverns, several mechanic shops, and\\n25 dwellings. At this place is a neat bridge across the Delaware.\\nLittle York, 4 miles N. of Milford, is a flourishing village, sprung\\ninto existence within a few years. It has an oil-m., and 2 grist-m.,\\na store, 1 tavern, several mechanics, and about 16 dwellings.\\nMount Pleasant, 3 miles N. of Milford, is, as its name implies, plea-\\nsantly situated upon rising ground, where there is a Presbyterian\\nchurch, a tavern, store, several mechanics, and about 15 dwell-\\nings. Everittstown, in a handsome valley on the Nischisakawick\\ncreek, 4 miles E. of Milford, is a village of about the same size as\\nthe above, and contains a Methodist church. Pittstown, on the SE.\\ncorner of the township, contains 2 stores, a tavern, grist-m., and\\nabout 12 dwellings.\\nAMWELL.\\nThis township was incorporated in 1798. It is 12 miles long,\\nextending across the southern line of the county, and is about 13\\nmiles wide bounded NW. by Delaware and Raritan, SE. by Hope-\\nwell, Mercer co. W. by the Delaware river, and E. by Hillsbo-\\nrough, Somerset co. Top. 3,071. The Sourland or Rock mountain\\nextends along its SE. boundary. The soil of the northern portion\\nis fertile there are in the township 1 stores, 1 grist-m., 6 saw-m., 1", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0248.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "HUNTERDON COUNTY.\\n241\\noil-m., 1 flouring-m., 1 fulling-m. cap. in manufac. $40,950 1 1\\nschools, 331 scholars. Pop. 3,071.\\nIn the olden times rattlesnakes were numerous in this vicinity.\\nSmith in his history says One Robins, in Amwell, at a spot on his\\nown plantation, had upwards of ninety rattlesnakes killed in each\\nof three springs successively. The parties performing it barked\\nyoung chestnut-trees of the size of their own legs and tied them on\\nand thus accoutred, they effected their business without much dan-\\nger but the snakes frequently bit the bark.\\nuuililltMuinmuim)tiiAn-SL LMLijai]u; it)^l^lliflllmiiBtfffi.til\\njglgqiprE\\nView of Lambertville from New Hope, Penn.\\nLambertville is the most populous and nourishing village in\\nHunterdon co. It is on the Delaware river, opposite New Hope,\\nPenn., 12 miles from Flemington and 16 from Trenton, and con-\\ntains 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist church, 7 mercan-\\ntile stores, 16 mechanic shops, 2 brick-yards, 2 large grist and 3\\nsaw-m., 4 lime-kilns, 2 iron foundries, an academy, 10 or 12 store-\\nhouses, and a population of nearly 1,000. The village is beautifully\\nsituated on a narrow plain, bounded on the E. by a range of hills.\\nThe town is built on eight streets, four parallel and four at right\\nangles to the river. The feeder of the Delaware and Raritan canal\\npasses through the village, and is navigable for sloops and schoon-\\ners. On it is a water-power of 18 feet fall, which, from the adap-\\ntation of the sites for factories, and the facilities for getting to the\\nNew York and Philadelphia markets, renders it a favorable situa-\\ntion for manufacturing and other business. A considerable business\\nis done on the feeder. About a dozen of canal boats are owned\\nhere, and steamboats and boats for the canal are built in the\\nvillage. A fine covered bridge connects this place with New\\nHope, Pennsylvania, which is nearly as populous as Lambertville.\\nThrough that village runs the Pennsylvania canal, connecting with\\nthe coal region of that state.\\nLambertville is on the site of CoryeVs Ferry, a noted place in the\\n31", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0249.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "242 HUNTERDON COUNTY.\\nwar of the revolution. In 1732, Emanuel Coryel, who was of\\nFrench descent, removed from Somerset co., purchased here a large\\ntract of land, built a hut, and established a ferry. A stone tavern\\nshortly after built by him is now occupied as a dwelling. It is\\nabout 20 rods below the bridge where the ferry then was. In 1748,\\nhe sold to Job Wharford a small piece of land on what is now the\\nW. side of Main-st., about 120 feet from the corner of York-st., on\\nwhich the purchaser erected a tavern, and Coryel closed the one at\\nthe ferry. In 1797 there were but four dwellings here, occupied\\nthen by Joseph Lambert, George Hoppock, George Tanner, George\\nCoryel, c. It was then called Georgetown, which name it retained\\nuntil the late war, when a post-office was established, and it was\\nnamed Lambertville, from its first postmaster, John Lambert, Esq.\\nThe Presbyterian church was built in 1817, the Baptist in 1825, and\\nthe Methodist in 1838.\\nIn the disastrous retreat of the American army through New\\nJersey, just previous to the victory at Trenton, a portion of the\\ntroops crossed at Coryel s ferry. Cornwallis attempted to seize\\nsome of the boats which they had used, but being well guarded by\\nLord Stirling, his efforts proved abortive. Some time in the war a\\nportion of the American army were here under Washington, who\\nhad his head-quarters in the dwelling of Richard Holcomb, a stone\\nmansion now standing about a quarter of a mile N. of the village\\ncentre, and occupied by his son, John Holcomb, Esq. General\\nGreene s head-quarters were in the dwelling of George Coryel, now\\ndown.\\nJust below Lambertville, on the Delaware, are Wells Falls, where\\nthe river descends about 14 feet in three fourths of a mile. The\\npassage of rafts at this place is an interesting sight. They shoot\\ndown with great velocity, and as the stream is filled with rock,\\nit requires the utmost care and skill in the raftsmen to avoid foun-\\ndering.\\nMount Airy, Rocktown, Snidertown, and Clover Hill, contain each\\na few dwellings. At the first is a Presbyterian, and at the last a\\nDutch Reformed church. The village of Ringoes, in a delightful\\nvalley, (5 miles S. of Flemington, contains about 20 dwellings, and\\nnear it is a Presbyterian church. It derives its name from John\\nRingo, who about 1720 settled in this place, then a wilderness. He\\nbuilt a log cabin, where he was obliged to entertain travellers, there\\nbeing no house near, and he at a point where the paths crossed,\\nalong which travellers occasionally passed from some settlements\\nin Pennsylvania to the eastern part of Jersey. After a while this\\nbecame a noted resting-place for travellers, and the public house\\nknown as Ringo s Old Tavern was, according to tradition, kept\\nby John Ringo, his son, and grandson, for about 70 years. About\\nthe year 1840, this old tavern, upon the sign of which was a por-\\ntrait of Washington, and, in large letters, Ringo s Old Tavern,\\nwas destroyed by fire. The first proprietor and his descendants lie\\nburied in a small yard near the village, their graves marked with", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0250.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "HUNTERDON COUNTY.\\n243\\ninitial letters, and surrounded by a rude stone wall. The family-\\nname is now believed to be extinct, though some of the descend-\\nants on the female side are living. It is only retained in the name\\nof the village. Ringoes is also the name of the post-office, and the\\nonly one so named in the world. Near the village was erected the\\nfirst Presbyterian church in the county. The time is not exactly\\nknown, but it was more than a century since.\\nBETHLEHEM.\\nThis township was incorporated in 1798. It is about 8 miles\\nlong, 7 broad bounded NW. by Franklin, Mansfield, and Green-\\nwich, Warren co. SE. by Kingwood, SW. by Alexandria, and\\nNE. by Lebanon and Clinton. The Musconetcong mountains run\\nacross the N. part of the township. There are several small ham-\\nlets, but no villages entirely within its limits. Clinton is partly on\\nits SE. corner, and Bloomsbury on the angle of Alexandria and\\nBethlehem, Hunterdon co., and Greenwich, Warren co. The town-\\nship contains 5 stores, 5 grist-m., 3 saw-m., 1 oil-m. cap. in manu-\\nfac. $7,725 6 schools, 166 scholars. Pop. 2,370.\\nNorthern View of Bloomsbury.\\nBloomsbury is a thriving village, in the delightful valley of the\\nMusconetcong river, 18 miles from Flemington, 16 from Belvidere,\\n49 from Trenton, and 6 from Easton, Pa. There are here 2 stores,\\n1 tavern, several mechanic shops, an oil-m., weaving-shop, a large\\nmerchant-mill, a cotton factory, a Methodist church, and 35 dwell-\\nings. The annexed view, taken on the N. bank of the Musconet-\\ncong, shows the principal part of the village, which lies on the\\nHunterdon side of the stream. The large building seen on the left,\\nnear the stone bridge, is the merchant-mill of Green and Runkles,\\nand on the right the cotton factory belonging to that firm. The\\nbuilding with a cupola, in the background, is the Methodist", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0251.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "244 HUXTERDOX COUNTY.\\nchurch and at the distance of a mile the Musconetcong moun-\\ntains are seen, rising to the height of several hundred feet. From\\ntheir summit a splendid view is had to the N., the eye stretching\\nover a great extent of country, diversified with mountains, hills,\\nand valleys and comprehending within its range several pic-\\nturesque villages, and the borough of Easton. Pa.\\nBordering on this and Alexandria township, are the table-lands\\ncalled u The Barrens, occupying an area of nearly 50 square\\nmiles. The soil is a mixture of clay. sand, and gravel, filled with\\nsmooth pebbles. This tract was formerly little cultivated but\\nsince lime was introduced as a manure, it has been ascertained\\nthat the soil may be made very productive, and sutlers no more\\nfrom drought than the alluvial bottoms. A considerable portion of\\nit is covered exclusively with chestnut-trees, owned by the farmers\\non the lowlands, and kept by them as nurseries, from whence to\\nobtain fencing-timber. When the chestnut is cut off, a new\\ngrowth immediately sprouts out around the stumps, and in 25 or 30\\nyears is large enough to cut again. Tradition asserts that the In-\\ndians used to burn over the barrens to supply themselves with\\ngame, immense numbers of which there sought a covert.\\nC L I X T O X\\nClinton was formed from Lebanon, in 1841. It is 8 miles long,\\n5 wide and is bounded X. by Lebanon. S. by Readington, E. by\\nTewksbury and Readington, and W. by Bethlehem and Kingwood.\\nThe S. branch of Rariton river runs for several miles on the W.\\nboundary, and crosses the NW. corner. Pop. 2.373. Lebanon is on\\nthe Easton and New Brunswick turnpike and contains a tavern,\\na store, several mechanic shops, a Reformed Dutch church, and\\nabout a dozen dwellings.\\nThe village of Clinton is in a delightful champaign valley, on\\nthe south branch of the Rariton, on the post-road from New Bruns-\\nwick, and 10 miles XE. of Flemington. It was formerly known\\nas Hunt s mills so named from ah early proprietor of its valuable\\nwater-power. Though the surrounding country was early settled,\\nthe village has grown to its present size since the establishment of\\na post-office in 1838. In 1820 there were but three houses in what\\nis now the compact part of the village, viz the yellow house near\\nthe mill, the dwelling owned by Henry N. Cline, Esq.. a few rods\\nXE.. and a small one now down, which stood on the hill. Besides\\nthese there was a tannery in the vicinity, and several mills belong-\\ning to Mr. Hunt. It now contains 3 mercantile stores, 2 large\\nmerchant-mills, with one of which an oil-mill is connected 3 pub-\\nlic houses, about 15 mechanic shops of various kinds, a brick-yard,\\na valuable limestone quarry, 3 churches, 62 dwellings, and 520 in-\\nhabitants.\\nThe Presbyterian church was erected in 1830 and in 1S31 a re-", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0252.jp2"}, "253": {"fulltext": "HUNTERDON COUNTY.\\n245\\nligious society was constituted. The first settled minister, the Rev.\\nAlexander Macklin, entered upon the duties of his office in April,\\n1832, and continued until near the close of 1835. He was succeed-\\ned by the Rev. Arthur B. Bradford, June, 1835, who remained until\\nOctober, 1838. The present pastor, the Rev. Albert Williams, was\\nView of Clinton from Quarry Hill.\\ncalled to the pastoral charge in December, 1838. The Episcopal\\nchurch was built in 1838 its first rector was the Rev. Wm. C. Crane,\\nwho was succeeded in 1839 by the present incumbent, the Rev.\\nJames Adams. The Methodist Episcopal church was built in 1840\\nand religious services have been regularly maintained by travelling\\npreachers. Two schools have been established in the village one\\nis a grammar and classical school, founded and taught by the Rev.\\nAlbert Williams, and promises a rich advantage for the dissemina-\\ntion of intelligence and literature to the adjacent community. The\\nregion contiguous to the village is very fertile. In the valley are\\nimmense beds of limestone, which for many years have proved a\\nvaluable source of wealth to the proprietors, and a means of fertil-\\nizing a wide district of the surrounding country. About 3 miles N.\\nof the village, in the mountain range, which is a continuation of\\nSchooley s mountain, is an iron mine, which, half a century since,\\nyielded a vast amount of metal for the Union forge and furnace,\\nat the base of the mountain. The ore is still unexhausted the\\nworking of the mine having been discontinued only on account of\\nthe inconvenience of procuring fuel for the manufacturing estab-\\nlishment.\\nDELAWARE.\\nThis township was formed from the NW. part of Amwell, in\\n1838. It is about 7 miles long, 6 broad and is bounded NW. by", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0253.jp2"}, "254": {"fulltext": "246 HUNTERDON COUNTY.\\nKingwood, SE. by Amwell, NE. by Raritan, and SW. by the Dela-\\nware river. There are in the township 7 stores, 6 grist-m., 6 saw-\\nm., 1 oil-m. cap. in manufac. $12,360; 8 schools, 227 scholars.\\nPop. 2,305. It is watered by the Alexsockin, Wickhecheoke, and\\nLaokatong creeks, which empty into the Delaware. Sergeants-\\nville, 6 miles SW. of Flemington, contains a store, tavern, and a\\nfew mechanics a neat Methodist church, lately erected, of stone,\\nand stuccoed and about a dozen dwellings. Head Quarters, 6\\nmiles from Flemington, contains a store, 2 grist-mills, and 8 dwell-\\nings. Bool s Island, so named from an island in the Delaware, is\\nat the head of the feeder of the Delaware and Raritan canal, and\\ncontains a store, tavern, and 12 or 15 dwellings. Prallsville, on\\nthe Delaware river, 4 miles above Lambertville, contains a store,\\ntavern, a plaster, oil, grist, and saw mill, and a few dwellings.\\nHalf a mile below is the Centre Bridge, over the Delaware.\\nThe annexed account of the great freshet in the Delaware river,\\nin Jan. 1841, is from the Hunterdon Gazette of that date\\nThe heavy rain which fell last week, together with the melting of the large quantity\\nof snow and ice upon the ground, caused the streams to swell to a height not known be-\\nfore for many years. The ground, being covered with a crust of ice several inches in\\nthickness, absorbed none of the water upon its surface and consequently the whole\\nbody was thrown together into the small streams, and thence conducted into the larger\\nones, causing them to rise to an unprecedented height, and destroy an immense amount\\nof property, in the shape of bridges, buildings of various kinds, lumber, flour, grain,\\nhousehold furniture, c, c. More damage to bridges in this county, we believe, was\\ndone by the freshet of 1839, in consequence of the greater quantity of ice upon the\\nstreams but the Delaware river never before made such havoc. We have heard that\\nnot a bridge is left standing between Easton and Trenton those at Reiglesville, Centre\\nBridge, New Hope, Taylorsville, and Yardleyville, having all yielded to the resistless\\npower of the flood. The cost of each of the two latter was about .$20,000 the New\\nHope $69,000 the Centre Bridge probably ,$30,000 or $40,000, and Reiglesville about\\n$20,000. The guard-lock of the feeder, at Bool s island, is torn away. Johnson s tav-\\nern, a short distance below, is entirely swept away, with the principal part of its con-\\ntents. The following letter gives some account of the damage done at and near Lam-\\nbertville\\nLambertville. January 8, 1841,\\n(Friday Evening.)\\nRapid Rise in the Delaware River Great Destruction of Property, $-c. This\\nhas been a day of general excitement throughout the village and neighborhood, and\\ndoubtless will be long remembered. We have just returned from witnessing a scene that\\nno pen can adequately describe. At an early hour this morning, we heard the roaring\\nof the waters, and hastened to the scene of destruction. The river was then filled with\\nfloating masses of timber, c., consisting principally of piles of lumber, logs, and frag-\\nments of buildings. The river was then rising at a rapid rate, and continued to rise un-\\ntil about three o clock, when it appeared to be on a stand. It is now some five or six\\nfeet higher than it was ever known before, by the oldest inhabitants. The canal had\\nrapidly filled, in consequence of the river breaking in above this place, and threatened\\ndestruction to that part of the town, and to the extensive mills, c. on the Water-power.\\nThe citizens were preparing to leave their houses, when the large waste-weir, opposite\\nHolcomb s basin, about half a mile above the village, by the force of water, gave way\\nwhich seemed providential else the consequence might have been serious indeed, if the\\ncanal had given way in the town. The lumber-yards, storehouses, mills, c., and other\\nproperty situated along the river, were in imminent peril throughout the day. About\\nhalf past ten o clock, fears began to be entertained for the safety of the New Hope Del-\\naware bridge the river was then nearly up to the bridge. The ice and drift-stuff in-\\ncreased, and struck the piers and timbers of the bridge with tremendous force. Large", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0254.jp2"}, "255": {"fulltext": "HUNTERDON COUNTY. 247\\ncoal-boats, heavy saw-logs, and cakes of ice were lodging against it, and had forced\\napart one or two of the piers, on the Jersey side. About 11 o clock we heard the as-\\ntounding cry, from many voices, that Centre Bridge was coming down, as we antici-\\npated. All eyes were fixed upon two large massive pieces of the bridge, which were\\nseen floating down, a short distance above, by the resistless current, in terrific grandeur.\\nThe feelings of the spectators, at that moment, were deep and thrilling, and may be\\nimagined, but cannot be described. One of the pieces struck about midway, with an\\nawful crash passed through, and carried away one of the arches of the bridge. The\\nother soon followed, and took with it another arch, on the Jersey side. The Jersey pier\\nsoon gave way, and the third arch followed, and lodged a short distance below. Thus\\none half of this noble structure, which has stood the freshets for nearly thirty years, has\\nbeen suddenly carried away. The other part, on the Pennsylvania side, still remained\\nwhen we left, although much shattered.\\nThe destruction of property, along the whole line of the Delaware and Lehigh, we\\nfear, is very great and where it is to end, He who holds the winds and rain in the\\nhollow of his hand only can tell. The canal has doubtless sustained much injury. If\\nthe river should take a second rise, the consequences may be still more awful. To de-\\nscribe the scenes we have witnessed to-day is painful in the extreme. Yours, c.\\nSaturday Morning, (7 o clock.)\\nI have just time to add, the river fell near two feet last night, and is still going down.\\nOur mills, c, as far as we have heard, have sustained not the least injury. This is a\\ngratifying evidence of the security and permanency of our Water-power. The milling\\nestablishments, so important and beneficial to the whole community, this morning stand\\nfirm as the surge-repelling rocks.\\nPerilous Situation and Providential Escape. George B. Fell, of Centre Bridge, was\\ncarried away by the freshet, and floated down the river to within about three miles of\\nTrenton, where he was taken up in a batteau. When he passed New Hope bridge, he\\nwas upon a loose plank, and was obliged to lie flat upon It, to avoid touching the bridge.\\nAttempts were made in vain to rescue him, at that and various other places. When he\\nhad passed under the Yardlcyville bridge, and floated a few yards below, the wholo\\nstructure was precipitated into the stream, just behind him. He continued to float on\\nwith the current, gathering pieces of lumber, which he kept together forming a sort of\\nraft, by which he was enabled to steer into the still water, where he was taken up in\\nsafety.\\nMr. Fell had engaged to attend to the receipt of tolls, at Centre Bridge, during a tem-\\nporary absence of the gatekeeper and was crossing over the bridge, for that purpose,\\nwhen it floated off Fearing danger from the crushing of timbers overhead, and seeing\\na portion of the roof of the bridge floating near him, he succeeded, by the aid of a plank,\\nin reaching it, and freeing himself from the main body of the bridge. He thus floated\\ndown with the bridge, almost dry, suffering but little from cold, until he reached Yard-\\nleyville bridge where he struck a pier, and the water splashed upon and wet him, ren-\\ndering his situation more uncomfortable. After his rescue, he immediately proceeded\\nto Lambertville, where he was received with the most extravagant demonstrations of joy\\nby the citizens, who immediately raised a telegraph, announcing his safe arrival, and\\nfired a cannon, which was responded to from the opposite shore, in the most clamorous\\nshouts and cheering from the joyous multitude. Mr. Fell, being satisfied that his friends\\nwere apprized of his safety, then retired to bed, and took a refreshing sleep and we pre-\\nsume crossed the river as soon as safety would permit, and returned to his anxious\\nfamily.\\nThe Society of Dunkers have a church (a plain frame\\nbuilding) in the central part of this township, about a mile NE.\\nfrom Head Quarters. This singular people appear to have had\\ntheir origin among the Pietists in Germany, in the year 1708. In\\nthis year a society was formed, consisting of eight persons, whose\\nspiritual leader was a miller, by the name of Alexander Mack,\\nwho rebaptized them, as they considered their infant baptism as\\nunavailing. The word Danker, by which they are known, is stated\\nto be a corruption of the German Tanker, the signification of which\\nis Dippers, or Baptists by plunging a title, as usual, given to them", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0255.jp2"}, "256": {"fulltext": "248 HUNTERDON COUNTY.\\nby others, because the person baptized by them was dipped or\\nplunged three times under water.\\nThe sentiments of the Dunkers having extended among the Pie-\\ntists, they were somewhat persecuted. In the fall of 1719, Peter\\nBecker, with a company of Dunkers, came to Pennsylvania, and\\nsettled in Germantown, where their numbers soon increased, and\\nsocieties were formed in other places. Their principal settlement\\nwas at Ephrata, in Lancaster co. The following, descriptive of\\nthe Dunkers at this place, about the year 1750, is probably true\\nwith regard to their practices and tenets elsewhere\\nAn apartment is appropriated to each person, that their devotion may have no inter-\\nruption. Females have a portion of the town allotted to them they have no commu-\\nnication with the men, except in matters of religion, and what may be necessary in the\\nmanagement of their concerns. If any desire to marry, they leave the Society, and\\nthey are entitled to draw out of the public treasury their shares but they settle in the\\nvicinity of the Society, and send their children to be educated among their brothers and\\nsisters. Economy and piety are strictly observed. The winter s dress is a long white\\ngown, fastened with a belt around the waist behind bangs the cap. They wear no\\nhats a waistcoat, shirt, trousers, and shoes. In summer their garments are made of\\nlinen in winter, of cloth. The women wear the same as the men, except that instead\\nof trousers they wear petticoats and they conceal their faces when they walk out of\\ntheir houses. The men let their beards grow, and crop their hair. Their number con-\\nsists of about 300 men and women. They live on vegetables, and will not touch animal\\nfood hence they are lean of body, of a pale complexion, and apparently bloodless.\\nTheir recreations are connected with their religious duties. They worship lour times in\\ntwenty-four hours. In lieu of beds, they sleep upon benches, and use a little wooden\\nblock for a pillow. Each room is supplied with a couple of these conveniences.\\nThe President of the Dunkers received a regular education, at Halle, in Germany.\\nHe was originally a minister of the Calvinist church but, becoming dissatisfied, he\\nleft that church, and joined the Dunkers. He was open, affable, familiar, easy of ac-\\ncess, and agreeable in conversation. My principles, or rather those of my brethren, are\\nas follows, (thus he says We retain both sacraments adults only are admitted to\\nbaptism. We deny original sin. It is immoral to use violence at any time, but our duty\\nto submit. We think going to law is not according to Christianity, and is expressly for\\nbidden. We observe the Jewish sabbath. We have no regular form of worship. Our\\ndiscourses treat of the Christian virtues humility, temperance, chastity, fortitude, c\\nWe believe the dead had the gospel preached to them by our Saviour, and after his resur\\nrection the souls of the holy preached the gospel to those who had not the Scripture re\\nvealed to them, or who were ignorant of its truth and beauty. We deny eternal punish\\nment. Those souls who become sensible of God s great goodness and clemency, and\\nacknowledge his lawful authority, and that he is just, wise, and good, without a stain\\nor blemish, and that Christ is the only true Son of God, are received into happiness\\nbut those who continue obstinate are kept in darkness, until the great day, when light\\nwill make all happy.\\nSoon after the Dunkers emigrated to this country, they were\\ndivided in sentiment respecting the observance of the sabbath\\nsome contending it should be on the seventh, others on the first day\\nof the week. In the year 1728, Conrad Beissel wrote a treatise in\\nfavor of the seventh-day observance and from that time onward,\\nsays the Chronicon, (a Dunker publication.) it was kept alike by\\nall the Society. Notwithstanding the peaceable principles of the\\nDunkers, they have had their troubles, as well as all other denom-\\ninations, in the management of their religious affairs.* The fra-\\nFrom time to time schisms occurred among the Lancaster county Tunkers, and an-\\nother distinct society was formed, near the Concstogoe, in opposition to Beissel. The", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0256.jp2"}, "257": {"fulltext": "HUNTERDON COUNTY. 249\\nternity of Ephrata Dunkers is believed to be nearly extinct;\\nand those of the name, in other places, differ but very little, in\\ntheir customs, c, from other denominations of Christians.\\nKINGWOOD.\\nThis township was formed in 1798. It is about 14 miles long, 4\\nwide, and is bounded N W. by Alexandria and Bethlehem, SE. by\\nDelaware and Raritan, E. by Clinton, and W. by the Delaware\\nriver. The township contains 8 stores, 6 grist-m., 4 saw-m. cap.\\nin manufac. $12,075; 6 schools, 157 scholars. Pop. 2,947. The\\nLaokatong runs centrally through the township. Baptist-town, 9\\nmiles W. of Flemington, contains a store, tavern, several mechan-\\nics, 2 Baptist churches, and about a dozen dwellings. Quaker-\\ntown, 6 miles from Flemington, has a tavern, store, 1 Friends\\nmeeting-house, a Methodist church, and about 20 dwellings. Mill-\\ntown is a small settlement near the SW. corner of the township.\\nCherryville is a small flourishing settlement near Quaker-town.\\nAllerton, 4 miles from Flemington, contains a Baptist church, 1\\nsteam saw-m., a store, a chair factory, and a few dwellings.\\nThe tract known as the Great Swamp extends into the town-\\nship. One would suppose from the name that this region was cov-\\nered with bogs and fens, but it is the dead level of the surface,\\nwhich at certain seasons retains water, that has given rise to the\\nname. In some places where the land is cleared, the eye may\\nstretch for miles without resting on a solitary hillock. The soil is\\ncold and clayey, and in many places stony; but when limed and\\nwell cultivated, yields heavy returns to the husbandman. The\\npopulation is more dense here than in any other portion of the\\ncounty of equal extent.\\nLEBANON.\\nLebanon was incorporated in 1798, and reduced in 1841 by the\\ntwo societies now lived in open dissension. In relation to this, both the Chronicon and\\nSangmeister, with a very serious air, tell the following anecdote Joel, one of Beissel s\\nbrethren, went to the meeting of the Concstogoe people, and solemnly stepped in among\\nthem and, addressing the leader of the congregation, said, To thee, J. H., these words,\\nthrough me, from the Lord. Thus saith the Lord, from this day forth, thou shalt no\\nlonger go out to preach to others. And on this day it shall appear whether we or you\\nare the congregation of the Lord. If God shall this day do a miracle on my person\\nif here in your presence, and before your eyes, I fall down, like a dead man and if, by\\nyour prayers, I be made to rise up again to life, then God hath not sent me to you,\\nand you are God s people. But if do not fall down like a dead man, but go, fresh and\\nhearty, out of that door, then shall ye know that God hath indeed sent me, and that ye\\nare not the people of the Lord. A week ago I told you, in your meeting, that there was\\na wolf among you: here, (taking one by the arm,) here is the wolf! Upon this, Joel,\\nturning his back upon them, went out of the door, fresh and hearty. Our authors make\\nno further observation, taking it, probably, for granted that none was needed and that\\nthis might stand for an indubitable proof that Joel was the man, and his people the\\npeople. Hazard s Reg. of Penn., vol. v., p. 333.\\n32", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0257.jp2"}, "258": {"fulltext": "250 HUNTERDON COUNTY.\\nformation of Clinton from its southern portion. It is about 7 miles\\nlong, 5 broad, and is bounded NE. by Washington, Morris co.; SE.\\nby Clinton and Tewksbury, SW. by Bethlehem, and NW. by Mans-\\nfield, Warren co. In 1840, previous to the formation of Clinton,\\nits population was 3,848. Its surface is mountainous, the Musco-\\nnetcong mountains occupying a great portion of its territory. It is\\nwatered by the Musconetcong, South branch of Raritan, and\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00baSpruce run. New Hampton, one of the oldest villages in this sec-\\ntion, is pleasantly situated on the south bank of the Musconetcong,\\nat the base of the Musconetcong mountains, about 18 miles N. of\\nFlemington, and contains 2 stores, 2 taverns, several mechanics,\\nand about 18 dwellings. South Hampton, one quarter of a mile\\nfrom the village, has a blacksmith and a wheelwright s shop.\\nNear here, on the road to Asbury, is a large and neat Presbyterian\\nchurch, built of stone, stuccoed and pencilled. Clarksville, on the\\nroad from New Hampton to Clinton, 5 miles from the latter, is in a\\nromantic and picturesque dell among the mountains, and contains\\na store, tavern, a few mechanics shops, a saw and grist mill, and\\nseveral dwellings.\\nRARITAN.\\nThis township was formed from Amwell in 1838. It is about 7\\nmiles long, 5 wide, and is bounded N W. by Ringwood, SE. by Am-\\nwell, NE. by Readington, and SW. by Delaware. The N. portion\\nis mountainous, the S. level, or undulating. The township contains\\n9 stores, 4 grist-m., 4 saw-m., 1 oil-m. cap. in manufac. $14,400\\n15 schools, 351 scholars. Pop. 2.510.\\nGreenville, on the SE. boundary of Raritan, on the road from\\nLambertville to Somerville, is a new and flourishing little village,\\ncontaining a tavern, store, a few mechanics, about a dozen dwell-\\nings, and a neat Presbyterian church, lately erected. Flemington,\\nthe seat of justice for Hunterdon county, is 23 miles N. of Trenton,\\n26 from New Brunswick, and 25 from Easton, Pa. It is pleasant-\\nly situated in the central part of the township, on an undulating\\nplain, a mile S. of a high eminence, from which there is a fine pros-\\npect of the village and adjacent country. Flemington is principal-\\nly built on a single street, on which are many handsome dwellings,\\nand the general appearance of the place is thriving and cheerful.\\nThere are here 2 newspaper printing-offices, several stores and\\nmechanic shops, 4 hotels, the county buildings, 1 Methodist, 1 Bap-\\ntist, 1 Presbyterian, and 1 Episcopal church, about 70 dwellings,\\nand 600 inhabitants.\\nThe annexed is a view of the county buildings, centrally situated\\non the W. side of the main street. The courthouse is a large stone\\nstructure, rough cast, with Grecian front and Ionic columns. Its\\ninternal arrangements are convenient, and the court-room large.\\nThe basement is used for a prison, and the small brick structure on", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0258.jp2"}, "259": {"fulltext": "HUNTERDON COUNTY,\\n251\\nthe right contains the county clerk s and surrogate s offices. In the\\ncourt-room hangs the portrait of Thomas Potts Johnson, Esq. The\\nfollowing notice of this gentleman was written for this work by\\nthe Rev. Mr. Studdiford, of Lambertville.\\nView of the County Buildings at Flcmington.\\nThomas P. Johnson. Among the distinguished men who have adorned the New Jer-\\nsey bar within the last fifty years, few in their day were held in higher repute for their\\neloquence and extensive legal knowledge, and especially for intellectual vigor and versa-\\ntility of talent, than the individual whose name stands at the head of this article. He\\nwas born about the year 1761. His parents were Friends. His father, William Johnson,\\na native of Ireland, emigrated to this country about the middle of the last century. He\\nmarried Ruth Potts, of Trenton, a sister of Stacy Potts, long known as a respectable\\ncitizen of that place. Thomas was their second child. When he was quite small, the\\nfamily removed to Charleston, S. C, where his father established a flourishing boarding-\\nschool, and gained much repute by his lectures on various branches of Natural Philoso-\\nphy. His fondness for such studies seemed to have been inherited by the son, who, even\\nin his later years, continued to turn his attention to them. The father died at the south\\nafter a residence of some years. His mother, with five children, returned to her native\\nstate, and, with the aid of her brother, opened a store in Trenton. There Thomas was\\nplaced an apprentice to a carpenter* and joiner. After following this business some\\ntime, he was compelled, by a rupture of a blood-vessel in the lungs, to abandon it. He\\nthen engaged in teaching youth, first in this county, afterwards in Bucks co., Pa., and\\nthen in Philadelphia. For this business, lie had rare qualifications. Few men had such\\npowers of communication few could so simplify truth, and throw an interest around it\\nto captivate the youthful mind. Of this, he gave a striking proof in his later years\\nwhen he would amuse himself in instructing his grandchildren, creating a fondness for\\nknowledge, and, with happy facility, developing their mental powers.\\nWhile in Philadelphia, a mercantile house took him in partnership, and sent him to\\nRichmond, Va., where the firm opened a large store. There he became well acquainted\\nwith the late Chief-justice Marshall, and often had the privilege of listening to the first\\nThe annexed anecdote was communicated to the compilers of this volume by a resi-\\ndent of Trenton. At one of the neighboring courts a dispute arose between Johnson and\\nhis opponent, respecting a point of law, during which, the latter remarked in a taunting,\\nderisive manner, that he was not to be taught law by a carpenter May it please\\nyour honors, replied Mr. J., the gentleman has been pleased to allude to my having\\nbeen a carpenter true, I was a carpenter, I am proud of it, so was the reputed fa-\\nther of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ and I could yet, give me a block of wood,\\na mallet, and a chisel, hew out something that would very much resemble that gentle-\\nman s head; true, I could not put in brains, but it would have more manners!", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0259.jp2"}, "260": {"fulltext": "252 HUNTERDON COUNTY.\\nlawyers in the Old Dominion. This, probably, led to his turning his thoughts to the\\nbar. After a few years, the loss of his store and goods by fire, caused him to return to\\nthe scenes of his youthful days. He took up his residence at Princeton, and there mar-\\nried a daughter of Robert Stockton, Esq., and entered his name as a student of law in\\nthe office of the Hon. Richard Stockton. In due time he was admitted to the bar, and\\nlicensed first as an attorney, and then as a counsellor. Subsequently, he was raised to\\nthe rank of a Serjeant at law. His career at the bar was brilliant whether arguing\\npoints of law, or spreading a case before a jury, he was always heard with fixed atten-\\ntion and lively interest. So lucid was he in arranging and expressing his thoughts he\\nknew so well how to seize hold of strong points in a case, and when he pleased to touch\\nthe chords of feeling, that he seldom failed of producing an impression. He was no\\nempty declaimer. His style of thought and expression was simple and natural. Not\\nonly at the bar, but in the social intercourse of life, his language was remarkably chaste\\nand pure. Rarely ever would be heard a word misapplied or mispronounced. Persua-\\nsion sat upon his lips. From impaired health, and especially the failure of his eyesight,\\nhis attention to professional duties was much interrupted, and eventually he was com-\\npelled to relinquish practice. Mr. Johnson was no indifferent spectator to the great po\\nlitical questions, the contest of which have ever divided wise and good men of the na\\ntion. With the majority of the New Jersey bar, he belonged to the Washingtonian\\nschool, and exerted all his energies in what he honestly conceived his country s true in-\\nterests. For several years previous to his decease, he resided in the family of his son-\\nin-law, Richard D. Corson, M. D., of New Hope, Bucks co., Pa.\\nMr. Johnson possessed an enlarged acquaintance with the principal departments of\\nliterature and science but experimental philosophy and natural history had been his fa-\\nvorite studies. He was a good anatomist and a superior chemist. He had a natural\\nfondness for mechanical pursuits; and the productions of his skill would not have dis-\\ngraced the most experienced artists. While a youth, he made himself master of French,\\nso as to read it with great fluency and in after years, his intimacy with several French\\ngentlemen, who had settled in the vicinity of Princeton, enabled him so to perfect his\\npronunciation, that it could not be distinguished from that of a well-educated French-\\nman, even by natives of that country.\\nThe subject of this notice was distinguished for a high sense of moral principle, and\\ngreat kindness of heart. For his brethren of the New Jersey bar, he cherished a warm\\nattachment, and they were forward in evincing their high esteem of his worth. A few\\nyears before his death, a number of them obtained the services of an artist, and had a\\nfull-length portrait of him taken, which is now placed over the judge s chair in the court-\\nroom at Flemington. Mr. Johnson entertained a profound regard for the Christian re-\\nligion. Fully convinced of its truth, he was not backward in expressing his sense of its\\nimportance. Seldom could the scoff of infidelity pass unrebuked in his presence. In\\nhis latter years, he greatly improved in biblical knowledge. He was much interested in\\nthe valuable works of L Enfant and Beausobre, on the New Testament. He was accus-\\ntomed to have it often read to him by an estimable granddaughter, who died a week be-\\nfore him, and whose death probably hastened his own dissolution, which took place\\nMarch 12th, 1838.\\nThere are near Flemington two valuable copper mines, the work-\\ning of which has been suspended on account of the pecuniary-\\npressure of the times. This village derives its name from a Mr.\\nFleming, who settled here previous to the American revolution.\\nIn 1760, a Baptist church was erected, and in 1791 the first court-\\nhouse within the present limits of the county. Previously the\\ncourts were held at Trenton. This building, which was of stone,\\nwas destroyed by fire in February, 1828, and the present court-\\nhouse built at an expense of about $14,000. In 1793, the Presby-\\nterian church, a neat, substantial stone structure, was erected, and\\nthe Rev. Thomas Grant was the first settled clergyman. His suc-\\ncessors have been the Rev. Mr. Field, Rev. John F. Clark, and the\\nRev. Joseph M. Olmstead, the present incumbent. The village at\\nthat time contained two churches, a store, and about a dozen dwell-", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0260.jp2"}, "261": {"fulltext": "HUNTERDON COUNTY. 253\\nings. In 1825, the Methodist, and in 1841 the Episcopal church,\\nwas erected.\\nAnnexed is an historical sketch of the Baptist church at Flem-\\nington, furnished by its present pastor, the Rev. Charles Bartolette.\\nThe beginning of any local interest of the Baptists in this place, as nearly as can\\nnow be ascertained, is as follows In the year 1765, Thomas Lowry and James Eddy\\ngave a piece of land, about half an acre, for a Baptist meeting-house. This lot lies on\\nthe northeast corner of the main street, and the New Brunswick and Somerville roads.\\nThe house was built in 1766, under the direction of Thomas Lowry, James Eddy,\\nGershom Lee, Jonathan Higgins, John Jewell, Esq., and others. This was the first Bap-\\ntist meeting-house in Amwell township, which at that time, together with the adjoin-\\ning township of Kingwood, was a part of Bethlehem and latterly, Amwell being divi-\\nded, now makes the house stand in Raritan.\\nThere being no regularly constituted church, it was called the Baptist meeting of Am-\\nwell, and chiefly supplied with preaching by the neighboring ministers. David Sutton,\\npastor of Kingwood, supplied them some time during the revolutionary war, but he,\\nthough a very pious minister, was by Mr. Jewell shut out of the house, because he was\\nthought to be too favorable to the British. About this time tbe American soldiers used\\nthe house as barracks and hospital, the marks of their firearms being visible on the floor\\nnot twenty years ago. After this, Nicholas Cox, a minister of considerable talent, then\\nat Kingwood, supplied a part of his time regularly, but in 1790, 91, declared himself a\\nUniversalist. This gave a general shock to their interests for some time, and they had\\nvery little preaching for four years. Then Mr. J. Ewing, pastor of Hopewell, supplied\\nthem ten months. In 1795, G. A. Hunt, pastor of Kingwood, engaged with them for\\none third of his time. At this period the house was almost in ruins.\\nTheir circumstances becoming more auspicious, the house was repaired, and in June,\\n1798, there were fifteen persons constituted into a regular Baptist church, called the\\nBaptist church of Amwell. They now elected their deacons, their clerk, and a board of\\ntrustees. In 1804, they called James McLaughlin as their minister, in conjunction with\\nKingwood. He left in 1809. In 1810, they called Dr. D. Sweeney, who only stayed\\nsix months. On the first of February, 1812, they called their present pastor, Charles\\nBartolette, and on the first of April ensuing, he brought his family from the county of\\nPhiladelphia to Flemington. The house was again repaired and painted. The number\\nof communicants at this time, and for several years, was about 70 but after this they\\nbegan to increase, and in 1817, built the meeting-house on Sandy Ridge, of stone, 30 feet\\nby 40, two stories. In 1818, they set off 14 members, who were constituted into a regu-\\nlar Baptist church. This was the second in Amwell. They have since set off several\\nmembers, who now form the church at Weart s Corners, in Amwell. They have set off\\nand assisted in forming several other churches in the adjoining neighborhoods. A course\\nof prosperity attending them for several years, and their house being often repaired, it\\nwas found too small, and unfit to enlarge. In 1836, the present handsome edifice was\\nbuilt. The number of communicants for several years past ranges at about 300.\\nIn the progress of the village, three persons have been hung for\\nmurder. The first was in July, 1794. His name was James Va-\\nnata, a white man, about 30 years of age. He lived in Alexan-\\ndria, and having a dispute with a neighbor, with whom he had\\nlong been at enmity, shot and buried him in a forest. The next\\nwas Brom, a slave belonging to Mr. Philip Case, who in a quarrel\\nwith a fellow slave, killed him in his master s kitchen with a tram-\\nmel. He was hung Nov. 11, 1803. Both of these executions took\\nplace in the upper part of Flemington, near the Redding mansion.\\nThe last execution was Nov. 28, 1828, in a field about 40 rods W.\\nof the village, on the N. side of the road to Centre Bridge. It was\\nthat of James Bunn, a colored boy, aged about 14, who in Hope-\\nwell beat to death an old lady named Beaks, with an ox-yoke, be-\\ncause she refused to lend him a gun.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0261.jp2"}, "262": {"fulltext": "254 HUNTERDON COUNTY.\\nSometime in the war of the revolution a detachment of the\\nAmerican army encamped on Gray s hill, near the village, and\\nWashington had his head-quarters at the residence of a Col. Stew-\\nart, then a commissary. At the close of the year 1778, when the\\nBritish were in Trenton, a detachment of 500 troops were drawn\\noff, to march up through Ringoes to Flemington, for the purpose of\\nplunder. They proceeded as far as Pennington, when, fearing dif-\\nficulty from some part of Washington s army, they halted, and\\nsent forward as an advance-guard about 20 light-horsemen, under\\nthe command of cornet Geary, which proceeded to Flemington,\\nwhere they destroyed a few firearms in a storehouse. This build-\\ning, now standing near the centre of the village, then belonged to\\nCol. Thomas Lowry, but is now the property of Hugh Capner,\\nEsq. Having placed upon it the king s seal, they returned the\\nsame day.\\nThis advance-guard had passed through Ringoes early in the\\nmorning. The few male inhabitants then at their homes, aroused\\nby a militia captain named John Schenck, collected all the fire-\\narms they possessed, with the powder and ball, amounting only to\\na few rounds, and taking to the woods a little N. of the village,\\nawaited the return of the enemy. As they were coming back, no\\ndoubt with the intention of giving information to the army that the\\nway was clear, the Americans poured in a fire upon them, each\\nman taking to a tree, or running from tree to tree, and their cap-\\ntain shouting at the top of his voice, as though at the head of a\\nlarge army. The cornet, who, its said, was of a noble family in\\nEngland a brave fellow, to use the expression of those engaged\\nagainst him formed his men in the road and returned the fire.\\nBut a few shots were exchanged, when he fell from his horse mor-\\ntally wounded. His men, panic-stricken, abruptly wheeled and re-\\ntreated back towards Flemington, their cornet s horse keeping com-\\npany. On passing a man named Housel, they forced him to pilot\\nthem across the country to the road leading to New Brunswick,\\nand made speed back to the lines, without (as they were very hun-\\ngry) performing any other feat than robbing some children they\\nmet, on their road to school, of their dinner. The detachment of\\n500 awaiting their return at Pennington, soon hearing the report\\nthat the woods were full of rebels, hastened back to Trenton. Thus\\nthis well-timed ambuscade saved this part of the county from being\\noverrun by the British troops.\\nThe cornet was buried in the edge of the woods near where he fell. The locality is\\nmarked only by a rough unlettered stone at the head, and one at the foot of his grave.\\nThe spot where this brave officer was shot, or in the language of many in the vicinity,\\nthe place where the British reg lar was killed, was long considered haunted there\\nstrange sights were seen, and dismal noises heard. About 30 years ago a gentleman re-\\nsiding about half a mile distant, one evening, sitting with his family, was alarmed at\\nhearing hurried footsteps approaching, when suddenly a man burst into the house.\\nThe gentleman seeing he was much frightened, inquired\\nFriend, what s the matter\\nOh replied the affrighted man, I tried to go, but couldn t go. Oh there s such\\na noise down yonder where the reg lar was killed the ground shakes and trembles so I\\ncan t go.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0262.jp2"}, "263": {"fulltext": "HUNTERDON COUNTY. 255\\nThe gentleman, amused at his terror, agreed to accompany him to the place. As they\\napproached the mystery was explained to him, by hearing a bull of his neighbor s mak-\\ning his usual low grum, boo-wno-woo\\nHark exclaimed the affrighted man.\\nThat, replied his companion, is Mr. Q. s bull.\\nThat s no bull quickly rejoined the other in tones of terror.\\nOh, yes it is, said the gentleman, listen again.\\nBy this time they reached the little bridge marking the spot, when the latter said,\\nNow, if any thing attacks you so you can t go, you must hallo and if any thing\\ninterrupts me so I can t go, I will hallo.\\nYou must holler quick! exclaimed the other in a trembling voice, for I shall go\\noff very fast. And away he ran at full speed.\\nREADINGTON.\\nThis township was incorporated in 1798. It is 10 miles long, 5\\nwide and is bounded N. by Tewksbury, E. by Bedminster and\\nBridgewater, Somerset co., S. by Raritan, and W. by Clinton and\\nTewksbury. The township contains 9 stores, 6 grist-m., 2 saw-m.,\\nand 1 oil-m. cap. in manufac. $2,825 1 1 schools, 360 scholars.\\nPop. 2,373. Whitehouse, 11 miles NE. of Flemington, on the\\nRockaway creek, and the Easton and New Brunswick turnpike,\\ncontains 2 taverns, 2 stores, a grist-m., c. an academy, a Re-\\nformed Dutch church, and 1 1 dwellings. Mechanicsville, 1 mile\\nE. of the above, on the turnpike, has a tavern, a store, a number\\nof mechanic shops, and 15 dwellings. Readington contains a tav-\\nern, store, mill, 8 dwellings, and a Reformed Dutch church. Cen-\\ntreville, 7 miles NE. of Flemington, on the old York road, has a\\nstore, tavern, and a few dwellings.\\nTEWKSBURY.\\nThis township, incorporated in 1798, is about 6 miles long, 5\\nwide bounded N. by Washington, Morris co. E. by Bedminster,\\nSomerset co. S. by Readington and W. by Clinton and Lebanon.\\nThe northern part is mountainous the southern fertile, and well\\ncultivated. It is drained by Rockaway river and its tributaries,\\nand Lamington river, which forms its eastern boundary. There\\nare in the township 9 stores, 4 grist-m., 5 saw-m. cap. in manu-\\nfac. $7,450 8 schools, 274 scholars. Pop. 1,944.\\nNew Germantown is in the SE. part of the township, on the\\nroad from Somerville to Schooley s mountain, 14 miles NE. from\\nFlemington, and 45 from Trenton. The village is on a slight ac-\\nclivity descending to the N. It is built on several streets, at right-\\nangles to each other. The surrounding country is hilly, and very\\nproductive of wheat and corn. Much lime is burnt and used in\\nthe vicinity and agriculture has, in consequence, much improved\\nwithin the last 15 years. It contains 4 stores, a tannery, 1\\nwheelwright, 1 cabinet-maker, 2 blacksmiths, 2 saddlers, 3 shoe-\\nmakers, 1 cooper, 2 tailors, an academy, a Methodist and a Luther-\\nan church, and 55 dwellings.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0263.jp2"}, "264": {"fulltext": "256\\nMERCER COUNTY.\\nThe annexed view was taken from Hyler s hill, a small eminence\\nabout of a mile N. of the village. On the right is seen the acad-\\nemy, the building with a spire. The large structure near tne cen-\\nNorth View of New Germantown.\\ntre of the engraving is the Evangelical Lutheran church, which is\\nbuilt of stone, and plastered. It was first erected in 1750, and re-\\nbuilt in 1830. The Methodist church, a neat edifice, situated in the\\ncentral part of the village, was erected about 18 years since. Pot-\\ntersville, on Lamington river, in this township, near the angle of\\nHunterdon, Morris, and Somerset counties, contains a store, a foun-\\ndry, a grist and fulling m., and 8 or 10 dwellings. There is an ex-\\ntensive quarry of pudding-stone marble, near New Germantown,\\nwhich admits of a splendid polish but the proprietors, instead of\\nusing it to grace the column or capital, burn it into lime, and\\nthereby polish and enrich their fields.\\nMERCER COUNTY.\\nMercer county was formed from Hunterdon, Burlington, and\\nMiddlesex counties, Feb. 1838, and named in honor of Gen. Mer-\\ncer, who fell at the battle of Princeton. It is about 20 miles long\\nwith an average width of 12 miles, bounded NW. by Hunterdon\\nco., NE. by Somerset and Middlesex counties, SE. by Monmouth\\nand Burlington counties, and SW. by Delaware river, dividing it from\\nPennsylvania. It is watered by Stony Brook, a branch of the Rari-\\ntan, the Assunpink creek, with its branches and other smaller\\nstreams emptying into the Delaware. The country south of Tren-\\nton and Princeton is level, of an alluvial formation, soil light, but", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0264.jp2"}, "265": {"fulltext": "MERCER COUNTY.\\n257\\nproductive. Above these places the surface is undulating, more\\nhilly as it approaches the north mountainous on and near the\\nnorthern line. This portion is composed of a variety of soil, well\\nadapted to both winter and summer grains. Within the limits of\\nthis county are located the capital of the state and her most im-\\nportant literary institutions. Here too were fought the battles of\\nTrenton and Princeton, memorable for turning the tide of the\\n4merican revolution. The county is divided into the 9 following\\ntownships, all of which, except Ewing, Hamilton, and Princeton,\\nwere incorporated in 1798.\\nEast Windsor, Hopewell, Lawrence Princeton, Trenton,\\nEwing, Hamilton, Nottingham, West Windsor.\\nThe population of the county in 1840, was 21,075.\\nEAST WINDSOR.\\nEast Windsor has an average length of about 10, and width of 5\\nmiles. It is bounded NW. by West Windsor NE. by South Bruns-\\nwick and Monroe, Middlesex co. SSE. by Upper Freehold, Mon-\\nmouth co., and SW. by Hamilton. The surface is level and the soil\\nlight. The township contains 3 grist-m., 2 saw-m. cap. in manu-\\nfac. $15,965; 6 schools\u00e2\u0080\u009e167 scholars. Pop. 1,989.\\nCentral View in Hightstown.\\nThe village of Hightstown is 14 miles E. of Trenton, on the\\nline of the Camden and Amboy railroad. The above view was\\ntaken in the principal street of the place. The public building on\\nthe right is the Baptist church. Further down the street the rail-\\nroad crosses Rocky Brook, in tressel work. Since the construction\\nof this road, the village has more than doubled in population, and\\nis now in a thriving condition. It contains 6 stores, a grist and saw\\nmill, a variety of mechanics, 1 Methodist, 1 Universalist, and 1 Bap-\\n33", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0265.jp2"}, "266": {"fulltext": "258 MERCER COUNTY.\\ntist church, an academy, from 80 to 100 dwellings, and a popula-\\ntion of about 500.\\nThe Baptist church is the oldest in the village. It formerly be-\\nlonged to Cranbury, where it was constituted in 1745, with 17\\nmembers. In 1785 the society built a church in Hightstown.\\nThe first pastor, says Benedict, in his history of the Baptists, was James Car-\\nman, who was remarkable for living by faith. He was born at Cape May in 1677, was\\nbaptized at Staten Island, near New York, by Elias Keach, in the 15th year of his age\\nafter this, went first among the Quakers, then with the New Light Presbyterians, whom\\nhe permitted to baptize one of his children. But in process of time he came back to his\\nfirst principles, united with the church in Middletown, began to preach in the branch of\\nit at Cranbury, and was ordained its pastor at the time it was constituted. Here he died\\nat the age of 79. For many years after his death this church had only occasional sup-\\nplies, and had nearly become extinct when Mr. Peter Wilson came amongst them in\\n1782. In nine years from his settlement over 200 persons were added to the church by\\nbaptism upwards of 800 have been baptized by this successful pastor, during the whole\\nof his ministry here. The church is scattered over a wide extent of territory, and Mr.\\nWilson, in his more active days, not unfrequently rode 15, and sometimes 20 miles, and\\npreached four times on a Lord s day. From this church originated the one at Trenton.\\nThe Rev. Mr. Mulford is its present pastor.\\nEWING.\\nEwing was formed from Trenton in 1834, and comprehends\\nabout all of what then constituted that township, excepting the\\ncity. It was named in honor of Charles Ewing, LL. D., chief-jus-\\ntice of New Jersey, who died in 1832. It is about 5 miles long,\\nwith a width of from 2 to 4 miles. It is bounded N. by Hopewell,\\nE. by Lawrence, S. by Trenton, and westerly by Delaware river.\\nThe surface is generally level or undulating, and the soil very fa-\\nvorable for the production of oats. There are in the township 1\\nfulling-m., 1 woollen factory, 1 grist-m., 2 saw-m. capital employed\\ninmanufac. f 14,500 3 schools, 77 scholars. Pop. 1,017.\\nThis township was settled about the year 1700, by emigrants\\nfrom Long Island, from East Jersey, and elsewhere. The following\\nis a list of part of the settlers\\nDaniel Howell, Charles Clark, Jacob Reeder,\\nJohn Davis, Ebenezer Prout, Richard Scudder\\nWilliam Reed, Abiel Davis, Isaac Reeder,\\nRobert Lanning, Simon Sacket, Jonathan Davis,\\nJohn Burroughs, John Lanning, John Deane.\\nHAMILTON.\\nHamilton was originally a part of Nottingham, but in 1842 the\\nlatter township was divided, and only the tract between Delaware\\nriver and the Delaware and Raritan canal retained the original\\nname the remainder, being the greater part of its territory, was\\nincorporated into a township by the name of Hamilton. Its ex-\\ntreme length is about 8, and its average width is about 5 miles", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0266.jp2"}, "267": {"fulltext": "MERCER COUNTY. 059\\nbounded NW. by Lawrence and Trenton, easterly by East and\\nWest Windsor, 8. by Chesterfield, Burlington co., and westerly by\\nNottingham. The surface is level, and the soil, though light, can be\\nmade productive by the use of marl, which is found in abundance\\nwithin its limits. The township is watered by streams which in their\\ncourse through the light soil have worn deep gulleys. The popula-\\ntion is estimated to be about 2,500. The New Jersey railroad\\noasses along near the western boundary of Hamilton, and the\\nCamden and Amboy railroad passes the southern part.\\nThis township was originally settled by Friends. The house in\\nvhich Mr. Benjamin Vanscoick now resides, about half a mile\\nrom the State s Prison, was built in 1708 by Isaac Watson, an emi-\\nrant from Nottingham, England, from which the old township of\\nNottingham derived its name.\\nHOPEWELL.\\nWhat time this township received its name, is not precisely known.\\nAs early as 1699, the tract known as the township of Hopewell,\\nwas bounded by the Assunpink on the S., by the line of East and\\nWest Jersey on the E., and by its present boundary on the N.\\nThese limits have been greatly reduced. The township is now\\nabout 10 m. long, and 6 broad. It is bounded N. by Am well, Hun-\\nterdon co., S. by Ewing and Lawrence, E. by Montgomery and\\nPrinceton, W. by the Delaware river. The surface of the northern\\npart is hilly; the south, level and fertile. Pop. 3,213. It is be-\\nlieved that most of the first settlers were English families, who\\nremoved from Long Island about the year 1700, or, perhaps, a few\\nyears previous. The first settlers were the Stouts,* Goldens, Hough-\\nThe family of the Stouts are so remarkable for their number, origin, and character,\\nin both church and state, that their history deserves to be conspicuously recorded and\\nno place can be so proper as that of Hopewell, where the bulk of the family resides. We\\nhave already seen that Jonathan Stout and family were the seed of the Hopewell church,\\nand the beginning of Hopewell settlement and that of the 15 which constituted the\\nchurch, nine were Stouts. The church was constituted at the house of a Stout, and the\\nmeetings were held chiefly at the dwellings of the Stouts for 41 years, viz. from the be-\\nginning of the settlement to the building of the meeting-house, before described. Mr.\\nHart was of opinion (in 1790) that from first to last, half the members have been and\\nwere of that name for, in looking over the church book, (saith he,) I find that near 200\\nof the name have been added besides about as many more of the blood of the Stouts,\\nwho had lost the name by marriages. The present (1790) two deacons and four elders,\\nare Stouts the late Zebulon and David Stout were two of its main pillars the last lived\\nto see his offspring multiplied into an 117 souls. The origin of this Baptist family is\\nno less remarkable for they all sprang from one woman, and she as good as dead her\\nhistory is in the mouths of most of her posterity, and is told as follows She was born\\nat Amsterdam, about the year 1602; her father s name was Vanprincis she and her\\nfirst husband, (whose name is not known,) sailed for New York, (then New Amsterdam,)\\nabout the year 1620 the vessel was stranded at Sandy Hook the crew got ashore, and\\nmarched towards the said New York but Penelope s (for that was her name) husband\\nbeing hurt in the wreck, could not march with them therefore, he and the wife tarried\\nin the woods they had not been long in the place, before the Indians killed them both,\\n(as they thought) and stripped them to the skin however, Penelope came to, though her", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0267.jp2"}, "268": {"fulltext": "260\\nMERCER COUNTY.\\ntons, and Merrils, in the northern part, and the Burroughs, Harts,\\nHunts, Mershons, Drakes, Baldwins, Tituses, Phillipses, Moores,\\nBrooks, Smiths, Stephensons, Bakers, Temples, Bollens, Hoffs, Well-\\nings, and Cains, in the southern and middle parts of the township.\\nJonathan, the ancestor of the Stouts, came here from Middletown in\\nthis state, in the year 1706; his family was one of the first three\\nwhich settled on the tract now called Hopewell. The place, then,\\nwas a wilderness, and full of Indians.\\nfill i aiisnais\\nPennington Male Seminary.\\nThe village of Pennington is 8 m. N. of Trenton, on the great\\nroad to Flemington, and the NW. part of the state. The village\\ncontains 2 churches, 1 Methodist and 1 Presbyterian, 2 seminaries,\\n1 male and 1 female, and about 60 dwellings. The Pennington\\nmale seminary, represented in the engraving, is built of brick, 88\\nfeet long and 44 wide. It was erected by the stock subscriptions\\nof persons principally residing in the village and its vicinity, at an\\nexpense of about $15,000. It was opened for the reception of stu-\\ndents in 1840, and is under the patronage of the New Jersey an-\\nnual conference of the M. E. church. It has a choice library, a\\nskull was fractured, and her left shoulder so hacked, that she could never use that arm\\nlike the other she was also cut across the abdomen, so that her bowels appeared these\\nshe kept in with her hand she continued in this situation for seven days, taking shelter\\nin a hollow tree, and eating the excrescence of it the seventh day sbe saw a deer pass-\\ning by with arrows sticking in it, and soon after two Indians appeared, whom she was\\nglad to see, in hope they would put her out of her misery accordingly, one made to-\\nwards her to knock her on the head but the other, who was an elderly man, prevented\\nhim and, throwing his matchcoat about her, carried her to his wigwam, and cured her\\nof her wounds and bruises after that he took her to New York, and made a present of\\nher to her countrymen, viz. an Indian present, expecting ten times the value in return.\\nIt was in New York, that one Richard Stout married her he was a native of England,\\nand of a good family she was now in her 22d year, and he in his 40th. She bore him\\nseven sons and three daughters, viz Jonathan, (founder of Hopewell,) John, Richard,\\nJames, Peter, David, Benjamin, Mary, Sarah, and Alice the daughters married into the\\nfamilies of the Bounds, Pikes, Throckmortons, and Skeltons, and so lost the name of\\nStout the sons married into the families of Bullen, Crawford, Ashton, Traux, c, and\\nhad many children. The mother lived to the age of 110, and saw her offspring multi-\\nplied into 502, in about ti8 years. Benedict s Hist. Baptists.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0268.jp2"}, "269": {"fulltext": "MERCER COUNTY. 261\\ncabinet of minerals, and philosophical and chemical apparatus.\\nThe Pennington female seminary is built of brick, 4 stories high,\\nand has been established for several years. There is also an acad-\\nemy for the accommodation of the children of the village, which\\nhas a fund of upwards of $4,000, under the direction of trustees,\\nbeing the devise of Miss Abigail Moore, the interest of which is,\\nby her will, directed to be appropriated to pay the bills of tuition\\nof poor children who attend the academy.\\nThere are 5 post-offices in this town, one in each of the follow-\\ning places, viz Pennington, Woodsville, Columbia, Bernardsville,\\nand Titusville. Woodsville lies near the north line of the town,\\n13 m. N. of Trenton; contains a store, tavern, and about 8 or 10\\ndwellings, on a slope of rising ground from which there is a fine\\nprospect of the surrounding country. Columbia, 17 m. N. from\\nTrenton, contains a Baptist church and about a dozen dwellings.\\nThe ground on which this church stands, was the donation of John\\nHart, Esq., one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence.\\nBernardsville, formerly called 8 Mile Ferry, is situated on the Dela-\\nware has a tavern, store, and a canal basin, attached to the feed-\\ner of the Delaware and Raritan canal. There is a lattice-bridge,\\nopposite to this place, connecting it with Taylorsville. This is the\\nspot at which Washington crossed the Delaware previous to his\\ncapture of the Hessians at Trenton. Titusville, 2 miles above\\nBernardsville, contains a Presbyterian church, 8 or 10 dwellings,\\nand a number of mechanic shops.\\nThe Presbyterian church of Hopewell (now Pennington) was organized by the first\\nsettlers. The first authentic notice of its existence is found on the records of the Pres-\\nbytery of Philadelphia, in 1709, with which presbytery it was connected till 1757, when\\nit was transferred to that of New Brunswick. The first pastor was Rev. Robert Orr,\\nwho was installed in 1715 the second pastor, Rev. Joseph Morgan, who was originally\\nfrom Great Britain, and settled about 1730; his successor was Rev. John Guild, from\\nMassachusetts, who took the pastoral charge in 1738, and continued till his death in\\n1785, a period of 47 years. He was succeeded by Rev. Joseph Rue, from Freehold,\\nMonmouth co., a pupil of Rev. Wm. Tennent he died in 1826, having been pastor 41\\nyears. His successor, Rev. Benjamin Ogden, was installed in 1826, and continued pas-\\ntor 12 years, when he removed to Michigan he was succeeded by Rev. George Hale, in\\nFeb. 1842. The first house of worship, for this society, was a frame building the sec-\\nond, now standing, is of brick it was erected in 1766.\\nThe first Baptist church of Hopewell, in Columbia village, was organized in 1715, nine\\nyears after Mr. Stout and his associates removed into Hopewell; Mr. Stout s family\\nfurnishing 8 of the 15 members who constituted the church at that time. The first\\npastor settled over the church, was Rev. Isaac Eaton, who was ordained in Nov. 1748.\\nMr. Eaton died in 1772 previous to his ordination the church had no permanent min-\\nister. The present pastor is the Rev. John Boggs, who has had charge of the congrega-\\ntion 35 years. Harbourton, or the Second Baptist church in Hopewell, was constituted\\nin 1803 the first pastor was Rev. James McLaughlin, the present is Rev. Christopher\\nSuydam.\\nThe first person of the Methodist denomination who preached in Hopewell, is supposed\\nto have been Capt. Webb, a British officer from New York, who visited this place about\\nthe year 1768. The first regular class was formed by Joseph Pillmore, who was sent to\\nthis country in 1769. This place was also visited by John King, Francis Asbury, (af-\\nterwards Bishop,) William Waters of Virginia, Freeborn Garretson, and other devoted\\npreachers, and the society rapidly increased in numbers. It continued in connection with\\nthe Trenton circuit till 1832, when they were made a separate charge, called Penning-\\nton Station. The society now has two houses of worship, one in Pennington and", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0269.jp2"}, "270": {"fulltext": "262 MERCER COUNTY.\\none 4 four miles distant, towards the Delaware, called the River Church. Ahout a\\nmile from Pennington village, on the road leading to the Delaware, formerly stood what\\nwas usually called the New Light Church erected in 1741, by persons who seceded\\nfrom the Presbyterian church, during the period of the great revival under the labors of\\nthe celebrated Whitefield, Tennents, and others. The last preacher of this church was\\nRev. James Davenport, a preacher of some celebrity on Long Island and in Connecti-\\ncut. Mr. D. died in this place in 1757, aged 40 years after his death, the congregation\\ngenerally formed a sort of union with the old church, and their house of worship finally\\nfell into the hands of the Methodists.\\nJohn Hart, Esq., a signer of the Declaration of Independence, was a native of Hope-\\nwell he was a deputy from Hunterdon co., in the Provincial Congress of 1775, and a\\nmember of the Committe of Safety, and in 1776, was a member of the Continental Con-\\ngress. Soon after the Declaration of Independence, New Jersey became the theatre of\\nwar. The progress of the British troops was marked by rapine and wanton destruction\\nof property. The children of Mr. Hart escaped from insult by retiring from the neigh-\\nborhood of the troops, leaving the farm and stock to be pillaged and destroyed by the\\nHessians. Mrs. Hart, at this time, was afflicted with a disorder which prevented her re-\\nmoval, and which terminated in her death. Mr. Hart was driven from the bedside of\\nhis dying partner, and hunted through the woods and among the hills. While Washing-\\nton s army was dwindling down to a mere handful, this old man was carrying his gray\\nhairs and infirmities about from cottage to cottage, and from cave to cave, while his\\nfarm was pillaged, his property plundered, his family afflicted and dispersed he was,\\nthrough sorrow, humiliation, and suffering, wearing out his bodily strength, and hasten-\\ning the approach of decrepitude and death. Yet he never despaired, never repented the\\ncourse he had taken. At one time being sorely pressed for a safe night s lodging,\\nand being unknown, he was obliged to share the accommodations of a dog. Mr. Hart\\ndied in 1780, leaving a bright example of patriotism and devotion to his country. His\\nresidence was the one occupied now by William Phillips, Esq., near the village of\\nColumbia.\\nCol. Joab Houghton, an active partisan officer of the Revolution, was a native of\\nthis township; he lived in the NE. part, in the house now occupied by Mr. W r m. Suy-\\ndam, and died in that occupied by Mr. Joseph Swain. While this part of New Jersey\\nwas overrun by the British and Hessians, there were but few hardy enough to oppose\\neven the small marauding parties that were daily plundering for the British camp.\\nNearly the whole of the active population had left their homes, some with the army under\\nWashington, and some to a place of safety. Pennington was occupied by the British\\ntroops, and the inhabitants who remained, being aged, were peaceable, and lay at the mercy\\nof these plunderers. Col. Houghton being at that time at home, word was brought to\\nhim by night, that the neighborhood of Moore s Mill had been visited by the enemy, and\\nthat they would probably be out the next day. Early next morning, Col. H. collected a\\nfew of his neighbors, and placed himself on the point of a neighboring mountain which\\noverlooked the surrounding country presently he saw the party, who entered a house\\nnear by where Col. H. and his men were stationed, after stacking their guns on the out-\\nside. The Colonel and his men now rushed from their hiding-place, seized first the\\narms and then their owners a Hessian sergeant, and twelve men, whom they found re-\\ngaling themselves in the cellar with Metheglin. Col. H. remained in the field during\\nthe war, after which he was a member of the Legislature from Hunterdon co. He was\\na member of the first Baptist church, and died at an advanced age about the year 1795.\\nWilson P. Hunt, Esq., the hero of Irving s Astoria, was born in this township. He\\nwas born in the house now standing on the property of Benjamin S. Hill, and served his\\ntime in the store of his uncle, Abraham Hunt of Trenton. His adventurous and enter-\\nprising spirit brought him to the notice of John Jacob Astor of New York, who planned\\nan enterprise across the Rocky mountains. The command of this expedition was in-\\ntrusted to Mr. Hunt, who with his party reached the Pacific after much toil, suffering,\\nand perseverance. This was the first commercial enterprise that ever reached the\\nPacific across the Rocky mountains. Mr. H. on his return, settled at St. Louis, and\\ndied in 1842.\\nLAWRENCE.\\nLawrence was originally incorporated under the name of Maid-\\nenhead, in 1798. Its extreme length is 9 miles; greatest width 5", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0270.jp2"}, "271": {"fulltext": "MERCER COUNTY. 263\\nmiles. It is bounded NW. by Hopewell, NE. by Princeton and\\nWest Windsor S. by Hamilton, and W. by Trenton and Ewing.\\nThe Delaware and Raritan canal passes through the southern part\\nof Lawrence. It has 3 grist-m. and 1 saw-m. cap. in manufac.\\n$14,600; 2 schools, 92 scholars. Pop. 1,556.\\nThis township was settled probably not far from the year 1700.\\nWhen the colonial assembly erected the county of Hunterdon,\\nthey enacted that the Court of Common Pleas and Quarter Ses-\\nsions should alternately be held in Maidenhead and Hopewell,\\nuntil a courthouse and jail should be built and it so happened\\nthat the first courts of the county were held in Maidenhead, on the\\nsecond Tuesday of June, 1714. The magistrates present were\\nJohn Banbridge, Jacob Bellerjeau, Philip Phillips, William Green,\\nJohn Holcomb, Samuel Green, and Samuel Fitch. The first-named\\ngentleman was buried at Lamberton, in 1732, where his grave-\\nstone now is. He was a prominent and useful public officer, and\\nis supposed to have been the ancestor of the late gallant Commo-\\ndore Bainbridge.\\nLawrenceville, anciently called Maidenhead, is 5\u00c2\u00a3 miles NE.\\nof Trenton, and about the same distance from Princeton, on a road\\nconnecting these two places. It is a small post-village, containing\\na few houses, and a Presbyterian church, built in 1762. There are\\nalso two literary institutions in excellent repute, and favorably\\nlocated for health and study. The Lawrenceville Classical and\\nCommercial High School, under the charge of H. and S. M.\\nHamill, is designed for preparing young men for professional\\nlife. Among the pupils who here have been prepared for college,\\nwas the late Rev. James Brainard Taylor. The Lawrenceville\\nFemale Seminary, under the direction of Miss Caroline S. Craig,\\nis highly recommended by the faculty of Princeton College, as a\\nplace of education for young ladies.\\nWhen the British had possession of Princeton and Trenton, this village was the com-\\nmon thoroughfare between those places. On the morning of the battle of Princeton, the\\nenemy passed through it. Previous to this action, the village and adjacent country were\\ndeserted by their inhabitants, most of the active men being with Washington in Pennsyl-\\nvania. Among these, was Mr. Elias Phillips, who wishing to know the condition of his\\nnative village, returned with two companions to make it a nocturnal visit. Finding it\\ndesolate and plundered by the enemy of every thing that could be carried off, and know-\\ning of the constant passing of the British between the places, they determined to make\\nreprisals of the first party that should pass. For this purpose, they secreted themselves\\nin a deserted shop. About break of day, as a baggage-wagon, guarded by three sol-\\ndiers, was passing, the little party rushed out and made them prisoners. They were\\ntaken to the American camp. Washington accepted the prisoners, but the wagon, and\\nstores therein, he directed Phillips to retain for his own benefit. Mr. Phillips was in the\\nfield during the whole war. Afterward, he was elected high-sheriff of Hunterdon co.,\\nand died while holding that office, lamented by all who knew him.\\nWhen the British troops were passing through Lawrenceville, after Washington s re-\\ntreat through the Jerseys, a party of Hessians entered the dwelling of Jacob Keen, who\\nwas a strong whig. His wife, a woman of great courage and resolution, had locked up\\nher silver in a bureau. Upon their entering, she dispatched one of her children in\\nsearch of an officer. She stood before her bureau, with the keys in her hand. They de-\\nmanded, in their own language, that she should open the drawers. She pretended not to un-\\nderstand their object and tkey, much enraged, were in the act of breaking the drawers", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0271.jp2"}, "272": {"fulltext": "264 MERCER COUNTY.\\nwith the butts of their muskets, when an officer entered with the child, and the men re-\\ntreated. The above anecdote is derived from a lady now living in Trenton, a daughter\\nof Mrs. K., at that time a child 6 years of age and who, on this occasion, was secreted\\nin an oven.\\nNOTTINGHAM.\\nNottingham originally included Hamilton, from which it was\\nseparated in 1842. It is a narrow strip of land, about 6 miles long,\\nbetween the Delaware and Raritan canal and the Delaware river.\\nOn the N. it is less than half a mile wide and in the lower part\\nof it only a few rods. Its population is about 2,200. In 1842 its\\nnorthern part, comprising the villages of Mill Hill, Bloomsbury, and\\nLamberton, were formed into a borough called the borough of\\nSouth Trenton, which is separated from the city of Trenton by the\\nAssunpink creek, and is properly but a continuation of the city.\\nWithin the limits of the borough are 4 churches, the county offi-\\nces and courthouse, the state prison and arsenal and the bridge\\nacross the Delaware connects the borough with Morrisville, Pa.\\nLamberton, the southernmost village, contains about 70 dwell-\\nings. It took its name from Mr. Thomas Lambert, who settled\\nthere about the year 1G79. Mill Hill contains about 80 dwellings\\nand Bloomsbury 150. Both of these villages are separated from\\nTrenton by the Assunpink. The first lies a short distance back\\nfrom the Delaware the last upon it. As these different villages\\n(or localities, rather) may be in a certain sense considered as a\\npart of the city of Trenton, they will be described under that head.\\n[See Trenton.] The township of Nottingham in 1840, contained\\n28 stores, 3 furnaces, 3 fulling-m., 3 woollen fac, 7 cotton fac.\\nC,500 spindles, 5 tanneries, 10 grist-m., 7 saw-m., 1 oil-m. cap. in\\nmanufac. $596,770 1 academy, 36 students, 13 schools, 348 schol-\\nars. Pop. 5,109.\\nPRINCETON.\\nThe township of Princeton was recently formed from the town-\\nships of Montgomery and West Windsor. The village of Princeton\\nwas incorporated as a borough in 1812, and was then situated partly\\nin Somerset and partly in Middlesex cos. The township is about\\n5 miles long, and 3 broad bounded N. by Montgomery, Somerset\\nco. S. by West Windsor E. by Franklin, Somerset co., and South\\nBrunswick, Middlesex co. and W. by Hopewell and Lawrence.\\nPop. 3,055. The village of Princeton is situated on an elevated\\nridge of land, which rises with a long and easy ascent, and com-\\nmands, to the east, a prospect of great extent. Besides the collegi-\\nate buildings, there are in the village about 200 dwellings, 1 Pres-\\nbyterian and 1 Episcopal church, also one or two houses of wor-\\nship for colored persons, a bank, printing-office, c. The population\\nof the village is about 2,000. Distant 40 miles from Philadelphia,", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0272.jp2"}, "273": {"fulltext": "MERCER COUNTY. 265\\n50 from New York, 18 from Somerville, 25. from Freehold, 16 from\\nNew Brunswick, and 10 from Trenton. The Delaware and Rari-\\ntan canal, and the railroad from New York to Philadelphia, pass\\nabout a mile SE. of the college buildings.\\nThe College of New Jersey was first incorporated in 1746;\\nand has ever maintained its rank among the first literary institu-\\ntions of this country. It owes its origin to a difference of religious\\nviews in the Presbyterian Ui\\\\ es, which took place at the period\\nof Mr. Whitefield s labors this country. In 1741 the Synod of\\nPhiladelphia, which represented the whole Presbyterian church,\\nwas divided into two bodies the Synod of Philadelphia, and that\\nof New York. The mass of the Synod of Philadelphia lay to the\\nW., and that of the Synod of New York to the E. of the Delaware\\nriver. The clergy of the Synod of New York were, to a man, the\\nwarm friends and coadjutors of Mr. Whitefield but those of Phila-\\ndelphia were generally his decided opponents. The Synod of New\\nYork reproached that of Philadelphia with introducing men to the\\ngospel ministry without due regard to personal piety and that of\\nPhiladelphia recriminated, by charging that of New York with fa-\\nvoring enthusiasm, and with licensing men to preach the gospel\\nwithout adequate literary attainments.\\nThis last charge was believed by many, at that time, to have its\\nfoundation in truth and they accordingly took measures to remove\\nthe evil. The Rev. Jonathan Dickinson, of Elizabethtown, a lead-\\ning member of the Synod of New York, gave being and shape\\nto the deliberations that resulted in the creation of the College of\\nNew Jersey. He had been for several years a very successful and\\npopular teacher of young men and when the institution was re-\\nsolved upon, every eye turned to him as the best qualified to lay its\\nfoundations, and to superintend its concerns. A charter for the\\ncollege was sought and granted by John Hamilton, who acted as\\ngovernor, (being the oldest member of the council,) between the\\ndeath of Gov. Morris, in May, 1746, and the induction of Gov.\\nBelcher, in 1747. The college thus founded was commenced in\\nElizabethtown, and Mr. Dickinson chosen its first president. He,\\nwith an usher, were the only teachers. The number of students\\nwas about 20, who boarded with the president, and with other\\nfamilies in the town. An old academy, which stood where the\\nlecture-room of the First Presbyterian church in that town now\\nstands, and which was burnt in the revolutionary war, contained\\nthe first recitation-room of the first classes ever attached to the\\nNew Jersey college. President Dickinson died October 7th, 1747.\\nThe students were then removed to Newark, and placed under the\\ncare of Rev. Aaron Burr, who was elected to succeed him. In\\n1757, the institution, then numbering about 70 scholars, was re-\\nmoved to Princeton, where the first college edifice was reared.\\nThe principal edifice of the College of New Jersey is called\\nNassau Hall, and was erected in 1757. It is 176 feet long, 50\\n34", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0273.jp2"}, "274": {"fulltext": "266 MERCER COUNTY.\\nwide, and 4 stories high. Gov. Belcher was much interested in the\\ncollege, and made a generous donation of his library of books,\\nwith other valuable ornaments to it. In consideration of this,\\nthe trustees voted him an address of thanks, with a request that\\nthey might be allowed to name the collegiate building then erect-\\ning. This honor his excellency declined and requested they\\nwould name it Nassau Hall, to express the honor we retain,\\n(says the governor,) in this remote part of the globe, to the im-\\nmortal memory of the glorious king William the Third who was\\na branch of the illustrious house of Nassau and who, under God,\\nwas the great deliverer of the British nation from those two mon-\\nstrous furies, Popery and Slavery, c. The trustees, after the re-\\nceipt of the governor s letter, resolved, that in all time to come,\\nit should be called by the name of Nassau Hall. At this early pe-\\nriod, the discipline in the collegiate institutions of the country was\\nmaterially different from that of the present day. Many customs,\\nnow considered absurd, were judged wholesome restraints, and as\\nenforcing salutary habits of obedience on the part of the pupil to\\nhis superiors in rank. The annexed extract, from the Collegiate\\nCode of Princeton College in 1765, is an illustration in point:\\nEvery scholar shall keep his hat off about ten rods to the president, and about five to\\nthe tutors. Every scholar shall rise up and make his obeisance when the president goes\\nin or out of the hall, or enters the pulpit on days of religious worship. When walking\\nwith a superior, they shall give him the highest place and when first coming into his\\ncompany, they shall show their respects to him by pulling off their hats shall give place\\nto him at any door or entrance, or meeting him going up and down stairs, shall stop, giv-\\ning him the banister side shall not enter into his room without knocking at the door, or\\nin any way intrude themselves upon him and shall never be first or foremost in any un-\\ndertaking in which a superior is engaging, or about to engage shall never use any inde-\\ncent or rude behavior or action in a superior s presence, such as making a noise, calling\\nloud, or speaking at a distance, unless spoken to by him, if within hearing shall always\\ngive a direct pertinent answer, concluding with Sir\\nNassau Hall was occupied as barracks by the British troops pre-\\nvious to the battle of Princeton. The basement story they used\\nfor stables. Gov. Belcher s library, which he gave to the college,\\nconsisted of 474 volumes. Many of these books were highly valu-\\nable but such of them as remained after the purloining by the\\nBritish and American armies, when they successively occupied the\\nedifice, were nearly all consumed by fire on the 6th of March, 1802,\\nwhich left nothing but the stone walls of the edifice standing. On\\nits being rebuilt, the walls, which were not materially injured by\\nthe fire, remained as before, and the whole interior of the house,\\nexcept the chapel, was converted into lodging-rooms the library,\\nrefectory, and other public apartments being provided for in addi-\\ntional buildings. At the time of the battle of Princeton, the room\\nin Nassau Hall called the chapel, was adorned with a portrait of\\nGeorge II. the Americans, in dislodging the British troops from the\\nbuilding, fired a cannon-shot which passed through the walls, and\\ndestroyed this picture. The frame, however, still remained sus-\\npended on the walls of the chapel, within which is now a portrait\\nof Washington, painted by the elder Peale. It is stated that Wash-", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0274.jp2"}, "275": {"fulltext": "MERCER COUNTY. 267\\nington, in order to make good to the college the damage sustained\\nby the fire of his troops, made the trustees a present of 50 guineas,\\nwhich they expended in procuring the portrait of the general.\\nAmong other relics of antiquity belonging to the institution, there\\nis in the Philosophic Hall the identical electrical machine used by\\nDr. Franklin, and the orrery constructed by Rittenhouse.\\nThe whole course of instruction at the College of New Jersey\\nrequires four years, namely, one year in each of the four classes\\ninto which the students are divided. The college year is divided\\ninto two terms or sessions. The annual commencement is on the\\nlast Wednesday of September and the winter session begins six\\nweeks from that time, and closes on the first Thursday after the\\nsecond Tuesday in April. The summer session begins five weeks\\nafter the close of the winter session, and ends on the last Wednes-\\nday of September. The college library contains 8,000 volumes\\nin the libraries of the two literary societies connected with the col-\\nlege are about 4,000 volumes, making 12,000 in all. The college\\npossesses a valuable set of philosophical, astronomical, and chemical\\napparatus, a mineralogical cabinet, a museum of natural history,\\nand a large collection of drawings for the illustration of lectures\\non architecture and astronomy.\\nThe Theological Seminai-y, in the village of Princeton, is a highly\\nrespectable institution. It was founded by the General Assembly\\nof the Presbyterian church of the United States, and is under its\\ncontrol and patronage. The plan of the institution was formed in\\n1811, and the edifice for the use of the seminary was commenced\\nin 1813, and made habitable in 1817. It is of stone, 150 feet long,\\n50 wide, and four stories high. This institution is conducted on\\nvery liberal principles for, although supported by the Presbyterian\\nchurch, and primarily intended to promote the training of a pious\\nand learned ministry for that church, students of all Christian de-\\nnominations are admitted into a full participation of its benefits,\\non equal terms. It is wholly unconnected with the college, but\\nenjoys by contract the free use of the college library. The course\\nof study is extended through three years. There is but one vaca-\\ntion in the year, which commences the third Thursday in May, and\\ncontinues 14 weeks. The number of students in 1842 was 120.\\nBATTLE OF PRINCETON.\\nThe situation of the American army after the action at Assun-\\npink or Trenton bridge, was extremely critical. If Washington\\nmaintained his position on the south side of the Assunpink, it was cer-\\ntain that he would be attacked by a superior force, with the proba-\\nble result of the destruction of his little army. Fires having been\\nlighted, immediately after dark a council of war was convened.\\nWashington, by the advice of Gen. St. Clair, Col. Reed, and others,\\nformed the bold and judicious design of abandoning the Delaware\\nand marching silently in the night, by a circuitous route, along the\\nleft flank of the British army, into their rear at Princeton, where he", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0275.jp2"}, "276": {"fulltext": "270\\nMERCER COUNTY.\\nknew they could not be very strong. After beating them there, he\\nproposed to make a rapid movement to Brunswick, where their\\nbaggage and principal magazines lay under a weak guard.\\nPlan of the battle of Princeton, fought January 3d, 1777.\\nReferences. A., Bridge on the old Trenton road. B., Friends meeting-house.\\nC, T. Clark s house, in which Gen. Mercer died. D., The place where Gen. Mercer\\nwas mortally wounded. E., Head of column when first seen by the British. F., Head of\\ncolumn after Mercer s engagement. 1, 2, The British 17th Reg. 3, 4, Mercer s detach-\\nment, commencing the action. 9, 10, The 17th Reg., formed to dislodge Moulder. 11,\\n12, The Pennsylvania militia under Washington. 13, Hitchcock s regiment. 5, 6, Pur-\\nsuit of the Americans. 7, 8, Retreat of the British.]\\nThe more effectually to mask the movement, (says Gen. Wilkin-\\nson, in his memoirs.) Washington ordered the guards to be doubled,\\na strong fatigue party to be set at work on an intrenchment across\\nthe road near the mill, within distinct hearing of the enemy, the\\nbaggage to be sent to Burlington, the troops to be silently filed off\\nby detachments, and the neighboring fences to be used as fuel by\\nthe guards to keep up blazing fires until towards day, when they\\nhad orders to retire. The night, though cloudless, was dark, and,\\nthough calm, exceedingly cold, and the movement was so cautious-\\nly conducted as to elude the vigilance of the enemy. Taking the\\nlower road by Sandtown, across the Quaker bridge, the Americans\\nreached Stony creek, which having crossed, they came to a small", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0276.jp2"}, "277": {"fulltext": "MERCER COUNTY. 271\\nwood south of the Friends meeting-house, in the vicinity of Prince-\\nton, a little before sunrise. Here the main column wheeled to the\\nright, and turning the SE. corner of the wood, marched directly\\nfor Princeton. Gen. Mercer, having under him captains Stone,\\nFleming, Neal, and others, with about 350 men, was detached to\\ntake possession of the bridge on the old Trenton road, for the double\\npurpose of intercepting fugitives from Princeton, and to cover the\\nrear of the army against Lord Conwallis from Trenton.\\nThe morning was bright, serene, and extremely cold, with a hoar\\nfrost, which bespangled every object. A brigade of the enemy\\nunder Lieut. Col. Mawhood, consisting of the 17th, 40th, and 55th\\nregiments, with three troops of dragoons, had quartered in Prince-\\nton the preceding night. The 17th regiment, on their march to\\njoin Lord Cornwallis at Trenton, had passed the bridge over Stony\\ncreek before they discovered the Americans. Col. Mawhood imme-\\ndiately repassed the bridge, when he first discovered Gen. Mercer s\\ndetachment marching up the creek at a distance of about 500 yards\\nfrom the bridge. Both parties then endeavored to get possession\\nof the high ground on their right. The Americans reached the\\nhouse and orchard of William Clark, but perceiving the British\\nline advancing on the opposite side of the height, and a worm fence\\nbetween them, they pushed through the orchard, and anticipated\\nthe enemy by about 40 paces. The first fire was delivered by Gen.\\nMercer, which the enemy returned with a volley, and instantly\\ncharged. The Americans being armed only with rifles, were forced,\\nafter the third fire, to abandon the fence, and fled in disorder.\\nOn hearing the firing, Gen. Washington directed the Pennsyl-\\nvania militia to support Gen. Mercer, and in person led them on\\nwith two pieces of artillery, under Capt. Wm. Moulder, who form-\\ned in battery on the right of Thomas Clark s house. The enemy\\nhad pursued the detachment of Gen. Mercer as far as the brow of\\nthe declivity, when they discovered for the first time the American\\narmy. They thereupon halted, and brought up their artillery. En-\\ncouraged by the irresolution of the militia, they attempted to carry\\nCapt. Moulder s battery but being galled by his grape-shot, and\\nperceiving Hitchcock s and another continental regiment advancing\\nfrom the rear of the American column, they, after a few long shot\\nwith the militia, retreated over the fields up the north side of Stony\\nbrook. This action, from the first discharge of firearms to the re-\\ntreat of the enemy, did not last more than fifteen or twenty min-\\nutes. They left their artillery on the ground, which the Ameri-\\ncans, for want of horses, could not carry off. The 55th and 40th\\nregiments of the enemy made some show of resistance at the deep\\nravine, a short distance south of the village of Princeton, and at the\\ncollege, into which they precipitated themselves on the approach of\\nthe Americans. It was, however, soon abandoned, and many of\\nthem made prisoners. In this engagement upwards of 100 of the\\nenemy were killed, among whom was Capt. Leslie, whose loss they\\nmuch regretted, and nearly 300 taken prisoners. The numerical", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0277.jp2"}, "278": {"fulltext": "272 MERCER COUXTY.\\nloss of the Americans was inconsiderable, not exceeding thirty,\\nfourteen only being buried in the field but it was of great mag-\\nnitude in worth and talents Colonels Haslet and Potter. Major\\nMorris, Captains Shippen, Fleming, and Xeal were officers of much\\npromise.\\nIn the death of Gen. Mercer, the Americans lost a chief who. for\\ntalents, education, integrity, and patriotism, was qualified to fill\\nthe highest trusts of the country. The manner in which he was\\nwounded. says Gen. Wilkinson, is an evidence of the excess to\\nwhich the common soldiery are liable, in the heat of action, par-\\nticularly when irritated by the loss of favorite officers. Being ob-\\nstructed, when advancing, by a post and rail fence, in front of the\\norchard, it may be presumed the general dismounted voluntarily;\\nfor he was on foot when the troops gave way. In exerting himself\\nto rally them, he was thrown into the rear and. perceiving he\\ncould not escape, he turned about, somewhere near AVilliam Clark s\\nbarn, and surrendered, but was instantly knocked down, and bay-\\noneted thirteen times when, feigning to be dead, one of his mur-\\nderers exclaimed. n him! he is dead let us have him. Af-\\nter the retreat of the enemy, he was conveyed to the house of\\nThomas Clark, to whom he gave this account, and languished till\\nthe 12th. when he expired.\\nThe following, relative to the conflict at Princeton, was derived\\nfrom persons living in Princeton one of whom was an eye-witness\\nof some of the scenes described. Mr. Joseph Clark states that\\nGen. Mercer was knocked down about 50 yards from his barn and\\nafter the battle was assisted, by his two aids, into tihe house of\\nThomas Clark a new house, then just erected, which is still stand-\\ning, now owned and occupied by Mr. John Clark, about one and\\na quarter miles from the college, and about one fourth of a mile\\nfrom the house of Mr. Thomas Clark. The late Miss Sarah Clark,\\nof the Society of Friends, with a colored woman for an assistant,\\ntook care of Gen. Mercer, while he lived and after his death his\\nbody was taken to Philadelphia, where, after laying in state, it was\\ninterred with military honors. The killed were buried about 200\\nyards north of Mr. Joseph Clark s barn, in a kind of drift-way.\\nTheir bodies, frozen stiff, with their clothing mostly stripped off by\\nthe American soldiers, were piled into a wagon, and thus carried\\nto the grave.\\nThe British being routed, the greater part retreated back to\\nPrinceton, about a mile and a quarter distant, where they had. for\\nsome weeks previously, occupied the college, and the large brick\\nPresbyterian church, as barracks. Washington pushed on to\\nPrinceton, placed a few cannon a short distance from those build-\\nings, and commenced firing upon them. The first ball is said to\\nhave entered the prayer-hall, a room used as a chapel in the col-\\nlege, and to have passed through the head of the portrait of George\\nII.. suspended on the wall. After a few discharges, Capt. James\\nMoore, of the militia, a daring officer, (late of Princeton,) aided by", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0278.jp2"}, "279": {"fulltext": "MERCER COUNTY. 273\\na few men, burst open a door of the building, and demanded their\\nsurrender which they instantly complied with. In the building\\nwere a number of invalid soldiers but Washington, having no\\ntime to spare, left those unable to travel, on their parole of honor,\\nand hurried off with the rest toward Brunswick. On reaching\\nKingston, about three miles distant, a consultation of general offi-\\ncers was hastily held on horseback when a wish was generally\\nexpressed, to move on to New Brunswick, fall on the British\\ntroops, and secure the large supplies there laid up for their winter s\\nconsumption. But the American troops had, besides the action in\\nthe morning, been fighting at Trenton the day previous, and marching\\nall night over rough and frozen roads not half of them had been\\nable to obtain breakfast or dinner many were destitute of either\\nshoes or stockings, and the whole were worn down with fatigue.\\nUnder these circumstances, Washington was reluctantly compelled\\nto file off to the left, towards Rocky Hill. By going down the val-\\nley of the Millstone, he would avoid the British army under Corn-\\nwallis, then in hot pursuit, from Trenton. Although the prize at\\nBrunswick was rich and tempting, yet the danger of being held at\\nbay there till the overwhelming force of Cornwallis, rapidly ap-\\nproaching in his rear, should overtake his worn-out troops, pre-\\nvented him from making the attempt. Cornwallis arrived at Kings-\\nton shortly after the Americans had left but, supposing they were\\nstill on the road to Brunswick, he pushed on through Kingston, and\\nover Little Rocky Hill, on the main road to Brunswick, which,\\nfrom rocks and frozen ground, was almost impassable. Here his\\nbaggage-wagons broke down but, such was his anxiety to reach\\nBrunswick, he pressed on, leaving them in charge of a guard of\\n200 or 300 men, to bring them on the next morning. A small compa-\\nny of 15 or 20 militia, from the neighborhood, having learned the\\nsituation of this baggage, soon after dark assembled and arranged\\nthemselves among the trees, in a semicircular form, around where\\nthe soldiers lay guarding their wagons. On a concerted signal,\\nthey set up a tremendous shout, and commenced firing. The Brit-\\nish were taken completely by surprise and having found, by ex-\\nperience of the last ten days, that when they supposed their ene-\\nmies were the farthest off, they were the nearest at hand, and their\\nfears magnifying the number of their assailants, they hastily drove\\noff what few wagons were in a travelling condition, and left the\\nrest a prize to the militia-men, who took them the next morning\\nto the American camp. Here they were opened, and found to con-\\ntain what proved the most acceptable of all articles to the Ameri-\\ncan troops namely, woollen clothing.\\nAbout the close of the action at Princeton, Washington detached\\na small party to destroy the bridge over Stony Brook, at Worth s\\nmills, on the road from Princeton to Trenton. This party had\\nscarcely half completed their work, before the British troops from\\nTrenton made their appearance on the hill a short distance west\\nof the dwelling of Mr. Worth, and commenced firing upon them.\\n35", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0279.jp2"}, "280": {"fulltext": "274 MERCER COUNTY.\\nThe Americans, however, pushed on their work with renewed\\nvigor, until the cannon-balls began to strike around them, by\\nwhich time they had thrown off the loose planks into the stream,\\nand then hastily retreated. The baggage and artillery of the Brit-\\nish troops were detained at the bridge nearly an hour before it\\ncould be made passable. The troops, however, were ordered to\\ndash through the stream, (then swollen and filled with running ice,\\nand about breast high,) and press forward as rapidly as possible to-\\nward New Brunswick. The officer who commanded the detach-\\nment ordered to destroy the bridge, is said to have been Major (af-\\nterwards Col.) John Kelly, of Pennsylvania, who died about the\\nyear 1835. After the British appeared in sight, it was necessary\\nthat some part of the bridge should be cut away, which was an\\nextremely hazardous service under the fire of the enemy. Maj.\\nKelly, disdaining to order another to do what some might say he\\nwould not do himself, bravely took the axe and commenced cutting\\noff the logs on which the planks of the bridge were laid. Several\\nballs struck into the last log he was chopping, and on which he\\nstood, when it broke down sooner than he expected, and he fell with\\nit into the swollen stream. His men, not believing it possible for\\nhim to escape, immediately fled. Maj. Kelly, by great exertion,\\ngot out of the water and followed after them but being unarmed\\nand encumbered with frozen clothing, he was taken prisoner by a\\nBritish soldier.\\nOn the near approach of the British troops to Princeton, their\\nadvance division was suddenly brought to a stand by the discharge\\nof a large 32-pounder. This piece, now in the central part of the\\ncollege grounds, formerly belonged to the British which Washing-\\nton was unable to take with him when he left Princeton, on ac-\\ncount of its carriage being broken. It was left on a temporary\\nbreastwork, in the vicinity of the present residence of Dr. Samuel\\nMiller, near the west end of the town and was loaded by two or\\nthree persons, and pointed toward the British army. As their ad-\\nvance guard were coming up the rising ground, within 300 or 400\\nyards, it was discharged, which brought them instantly to a halt.\\nThe enemy, supposing that Washington had determined to make a\\nstand under the cover of the town, sent out their reconnoitering\\nparties of horsemen, and in the mean time cautiously approached\\nthe breastwork with their main body, determined to carry it by\\nstorm. By these movements, they were delayed nearly an hour\\nand when arrived at the breastwork and the town, were astonished\\nto find them destitute of defenders.\\nThe following, relative to the battle of Princeton and death of\\nGen. Mercer, is from The Custis Recollections of the Life and\\nCharacter of Washington\\nIt was immediately after the sharp conflict at the fence, between the\\nadvance guard of the American army, led by Gen. Mercer, and the British\\n17th regiment, and the retreat of the Americans through the orchards to", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0280.jp2"}, "281": {"fulltext": "MERCER COUNTY. 275\\nClark s house and barn, that Gen. Mercer, while exerting himself to rally\\nhis broken troops, was brought to the ground, by the blow of a musket. He\\nwas on foot at this time, the gray horse he rode at the beginning of the\\naction having been disabled by a ball in the fore leg. The British soldiers\\nwere not at first aware of the general s rank. So soon as they discovered he\\nwas a general officer, they shouted they had got the rebel general, and cried,\\nCall for quarters, you d d rebel! Mercer, to the most undaunted cour-\\nage, united a quick and ardent temperament he replied with indignation\\nto his enemies, while their bayonets were at his bosom, that he deserved not\\nthe name of rebel and, determining to die as he had lived, a true and hon-\\nored soldier of liberty, lunged with his sword at the nearest man. They\\nthen bayoneted him, and left him for dead.\\nUpon the retreat of the enemy, the wounded general was conveyed to\\nClark s house, immediately adjoining the field of battle. The information\\nthat the commander-in-chief first received of the fall of his old companion\\nin arms of the war of 1755, and beloved officer, was that he expired under\\nhis numerous wounds and it was not until the American army was in full\\nmarch for Morristown, that the chief was undeceived, and learned, to his\\ngreat gratification, that Mercer, though fearfully wounded, was yet alive.\\nUpon the first halt at Somerset Court House, Washington dispatched the\\nlate Maj. George Lewis, (his nephew, and captain of the Horse Guard,)\\nwith a flag and a letter to Lord Cornwallis, requesting that every possible\\nattention might be shown to the wounded general, and permission for young\\nLewis to remain with him, to minister to his wants. To both the requests\\nhis lordship yielded a willing assent, and ordered his staff surgeon to attend\\nupon Gen. Mercer. Upon an examination of his wounds, the British sur-\\ngeon observed, that although they were many and severe, he was disposed\\nto believe they would not prove dangerous. Mercer, bred to the profession\\nof an army-surgeon in Europe, said to young Lewis, Raise my right arm,\\nGeorge, and this gentleman will then discover the smallest of my wounds,\\nbut which will prove the most fatal. Yes, sir, that is a fellow that will\\nsoon do my business. He languished until the 12th, and expired in the\\narms of Lewis, admired and lamented by the whole army. During the\\nperiod that he languished on the couch of suffering, he exonerated his ene-\\nmies from the foul accusation which they not only bore in 1777, but for\\nhalf a century since, viz., of their having bayoneted a general officer\\nafter he had surrendered his sword and become a prisoner of war, declar-\\ning he only relinquished his sword when his arm had become powerless to\\nwield it. He paid the homage of his whole heart to the person and charac-\\nter of the commander-in-chief, rejoiced with true soldierly pride in the tri-\\numphs of Trenton and Princeton, (in both of which he had borne a con-\\nspicuous part,) and offered up his fervent prayers for the final success of\\nthe cause of American Independence.\\nWe shall give a single anecdote of the subject of the foregoing memoir,\\nto show the pure and high-minded principles that actuated the patriots and\\nsoldiers of the days of our country s first trial\\nVirginia at first organized two regiments for the common cause. When\\nit was determined to raise a third, there were numerous applications for\\ncommissions and these being mostly from men of fortune and family in-\\nterest, there was scarcely an application for a rank less than a field-officer.\\nDuring the sitting of the House of Burgesses upon the important motion, a", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0281.jp2"}, "282": {"fulltext": "270 MERCER COUNTY.\\nplain but soldierly-looking individual handed up to the speaker s cnair a\\nscrap of paper, on which was written, Hugh Mercer will serve his adopted\\ncountry, and the cause of liberty, in any rank or station to which he may\\nbe appointed. This from a veteran soldier, bred in European camps the\\nassociate of Washington in the war of 1755, and known to stand high in\\nhis confidence and esteem was all-sufficient for a body of patriots and\\nstatesmen such as composed the Virginia House of Burgesses in the revo-\\nlution. The appointment of Mercer to the command of the 3d Virginia\\nregiment, was carried instanter.\\nThe battle of Princeton, for the time it lasted, and the numbers engaged,\\nwas the most fatal to our officers of any action during the whole of our rev-\\nolutionary war the Americans losing one general, two colonels, one major,\\nand three captains killed while the martial prowess of our enemy shone\\nnot with more brilliant lustre, in anyone of their combats during their long\\ncareer of arms, than did the courage and discipline of the 17th British regi-\\nment, on the 3d of January, 1777. Indeed, Washington himself, during\\nthe height of the conflict, pointed out this gallant corps to his officers, ex-\\nclaiming, See how those noble fellows fight! Ah! gentlemen, when shall\\nwe be able to keep an army long enough together, to display a discipline\\nequal to our enemies\\nThe regular troops that constituted the grand army at the close of the\\ncampaign of 7G, were the fragments of many regiments, worn down by\\nconstant and toilsome marches and sufferings of every sort, in the depth of\\nwinter. The fine regiment of Smallwood, composed of the flower of the\\nMaryland youth, and which, the June preceding, marched into Philadel-\\nphia 1,100 strong, was, on the 3d of January, reduced to scarcely 60 men,\\nand commanded by a captain. In fact, the bulk of what was then called\\nthe grand army, consisted of the Pennsylvania militia and volunteers, citi-\\nzen soldiers who had left their comfortable homes at the call of their coun-\\ntry, and were enduring the rigors of a winter s campaign. On the morn-\\ning of the battle of Princeton, they had been eighteen hours under arms,\\nand harassed by a long night s march. Was it, then, to be wondered at,\\nthat they should have given way before the veteran bayonets of their fresh\\nand well-appointed foe\\nThe heroic devotion of Washington was not wanting in the exigencies\\nof this memorable day. He was aware his hour was come to redeem the\\npledge he had laid on the altar of his country, when first he took up arms\\nin her cause to win her liberties or perish in the attempt. Defeat at Prince-\\nton would have amounted to the annihilation of America s last hope for,\\nindependent of the enemy s force in front, Cornwallis, with 8,000 strong,\\nwas already panting close on the rear. It was, indeed, the very crisis of\\nthe struggle. In the hurried and imposing events of little more than one\\nshort week, liberty endured her greatest agony. What, then, is due to the\\nfame and memories of that sacred band, who, with the master of liberty at\\ntheir head, breasted the storm at this fearful crisis. of their country s\\ndestiny\\nThe heroic devotion of Washington on the field of Princeton, is matter of\\nhistory. We have often enjoyed a touching reminiscence of that ever-\\nmemorable event, from the late Col. Fitzgerald, who was an aid to the\\nchief, and who never related the story of his general s danger, and almost\\nmiraculous preservation, without adding to his tale the homage of a tear.\\nThe aid-de-camp had been ordered to bring up the troops from the rear of", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0282.jp2"}, "283": {"fulltext": "MERCER COUNTY. 277\\nthe column, when the band under Gen. Mercer became engaged. Upon re-\\nturning to the spot where he had left the commander-in-chief, he was no\\nlonger there, and, upon looking around, the aid discovered him endeavoring\\nto rally the line which had been thrown into disorder by a rapid onset of the\\nfoe. Washington, after several ineffectual efforts to restore the fortunes of\\nthe fight, is seen to rein up his horse, with his head to the enemy, and in\\nthat position to remain immovable. It was a last appeal to his soldiers, and\\nseemed to say, Will you give up your general to the foe Such an appeal\\nwas not made in vain. The discomfited Americans rally on the instant and\\nform into line. The enemy halt, and dress their line the American chief\\nis between the adverse posts, as though he had been placed there a target\\nfor both. The arms of both lines are levelled. Can escape from death be\\npossible Fitzgerald, horror-struck at the death of his beloved commander,\\ndropped the reins upon his horse s neck, and drew his hat over his face, that\\nhe might not see him die. A roar of musketry succeeds, and then a shout.\\nIt was the shout of victory. The aid-de-camp ventures to raise his eyes\\noh glorious sight, the enemy are broken and flying while, dimly amid\\nthe glimpses of the smoke, is seen the chief, alive, unharmed, and without\\na wound, waving his hat, and cheering his comrades to the pursuit.\\nCol. Fitzgerald, celebrated as one of the finest horsemen in the American\\narmy, now dashed his rowels in his charger s flank, and heedless of the\\ndead and dying in his way, flew to the side of his chief, exclaiming, Thank\\nGod your excellency is safe while the favorite aid, a gallant and warm-\\nhearted son of Erin, a man of thews and sinews, and albeit unused to the\\nmelting mood, gave loose to his feelings and wept like a child for joy.\\nWashington, ever calm amid scenes of the greatest excitement, affection-\\nately grasped the hand of his aid and friend, and then ordered Away,\\nmy dear colonel, and bring up the troops the day is our own\\nRichard Stockton, a signer of .the Declaration of Independence, was born at the\\nancient family seat of his forefathers, near Princeton, Oct. 1, A. D. 1730. He gradu-\\nated at Princeton College in 1748, and devoting himself to the study of law, soon rose\\nto eminence. Being possessed of a competent fortune, he visited Great Britain, where\\nhe was received with much attention and while there, rendered valuable services to the\\nCollege of New Jersey. On the opening of the Revolution, he adopted with ardor his\\ncountry s cause, and rendered her important services in various stations. On the 30th\\nof November, 1776, he was, together with his friend and compatriot, Mr. Covenhoven,\\n(at whose house he was temporarily staying) captured by a party of refugee royalists\\ndragged from his bed by night plundered of his property carried to New York thrown\\ninto the common jail, and treated with such barbarity, as to lay the foundation of the disease\\nwhich terminated in his death, February 28th, 1781. Mr. Stockton s fortune, which had\\nbeen ample, was greatly diminished, both by the depreciation of the continental curren-\\ncy, and the ravages of the British troops. His complicated afflictions hastened his death,\\nwhich took place at his seat, near Princeton. His remains were carried to the College-\\nhall, where a funeral discourse was delivered by the Rev. Dr. S. S. Smith. They were\\naftervyards interred with those of his ancestors, in the Friends burial-ground, near Prince-\\nton. He was an accomplished scholar and statesman, a persuasive speaker, and an\\nexemplary Christian.\\nWilliam Bainbridge, a Commodore in the American navy, was born in this town,\\nMay 7th, 1774. His father, a respectable physician in Princeton, removed to New\\nYork while he was yet a child, and he was left under the care of his grandfather, John\\nTaylor, Esq., of Monmouth co., where he received his education. He entered the sea-\\nservice as an apprentice, on board of a merchant vessel, from Philadelphia. At the age\\nof eighteen, while mate of the ship Hope, on her way to Holland, the crew, taking ad-\\nvantage of a violent gale of wind, rose against the officers, seized the captain, and had\\nnearly succeeded in throwing him overboard. Young Bainbridge, hearing the alarm, ran\\non deck with an old pistol, without a lock, and being assisted by an apprentice-boy and", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0283.jp2"}, "284": {"fulltext": "278 MERCER COUNTY.\\nan Irish sailor, rescued the captain, seized the ringleaders, and quelled the mutiny. In\\nJuly, 1798, he unexpectedly received the command of the United States schooner Retali-\\nation, 14 guns, to act against France. In 1800, he received a captain s commission, and\\nwas appointed to the command of the frigate George Washington, in which he was sent\\nto Algiers, with presents which the United States had agreed to make that state. While\\nat Algiers, he was compelled by the Dey to carry his ambassador and retinue with pres-\\nents, to the Grand Seignior, at Constantinople. The George Washington arrived at this\\nplace on the 12th of November, and when the Turkish officers were informed it was a\\nUnited States ship, they replied they knew not of such a nation. Captain Bainbridge, by\\nexplaining that America was the New World, was enabled to give them some idea of\\nthis country. In 1803, he was appointed to the command of the frigate Philadelphia,\\nwhich proceeded to the Mediterranean, and joined the American squadron under Com.\\nmodore Preble. While cruising before the harbor of Tripoli, the Philadelphia grounded,\\nand her crew were obliged to surrender themselves prisoners. After a confinement\\nof nineteen months, Colonel Lear having negotiated a peace with Tripoli, they were\\nreleased.\\nSoon after the declaration of war with Great Britain, in 1812, Commodore Bainbridge\\ntook the command of the Constitution, on the 29th of December; while running down\\nthe coast of Brazil, he fell in with the British frigate Java after an action of two hours,\\nthe Java s fire was completely silenced, and her colors being down, Bainbridge supposed\\nthat she had struck he therefore shot ahead to repair his rigging, but while hove-to for\\nthat purpose, discovered that her colors were still flying, although her mainmast had\\ngone by the board. He, therefore, bore down again upon her, and having come close\\nathwart her bows, was on the point of raking her with a broadside, when she hauled\\ndown her colors, being completely an unmanageable wreck, entirely dismasted, without\\na spar of any sort standing. On boarding her, it was found that Captain Lambert, her\\ncommander, was mortally wounded, and the Java so much injured, that if would be im-\\npossible to bring her to the United States and after the prisoners and baggage were re-\\nmoved, she was blown up. The Java carried 49 guns and upwards of 400 men, and had,\\nin addition to her own crew, upwards of 100 supernumerary officers and seamen, for dif-\\nferent ships on the East India station among whom was a master and commander in\\nthe navy, and also Lieut. Gen. Hislop, and his two aids, of the British army. The Java\\nhad 60 killed and upwards of 100 wounded. The Constitution had 9 killed and 25\\nwounded. After peace was declared, he superintended the building of the Independence,\\na ship of 74 guns, and had the honor of waving his flag on board of the first line-of-\\nbattle-ship belonging to the United States that ever floated. He died in Philadelphia a\\nfew years since.\\nThe following inscriptions are copied from monuments in the\\nPrinceton graveyard\\nM. S. reverendi admodum viri, Aaronis Burr, A. M. Collegii Neo-Cassariensis prasi-\\ndis. Natus apud Fairfield, Connecticutensium, 4 Januarii, A. D. 1716.\\nS. V. Honesta in eadem colonia familia oriundus, collegio Yalensi innutritus, Novarcaa\\nsacris initiatus, 1738. Annos circitcr viginti pastorali munere fidclitet functus. Collegii\\nN. C. presidium, 1748, accepit, in Nassovise aulam, sub finem 1756, translatus. De-\\nfunctus in hoc vico, 24 Septembris, A. D. 1757, S. N. setat. 42. Eheu, quam brevis I\\nHuic marmori subjicitur, quod mori potuit, quod iinmortale vendicarunt cseli.\\nQuaeris, viator, qualis quant usque fuit perpaucis accipe. Vir corpore parvo ac tenui,\\nstudiis, vigiliis, assiduisque laboribus, macro. Sagacitate, perspicacite, agilitate, ac sol-\\nertia, si fas dicerc, plusquam humana, pene angelica. Anima forme totus. Omnigena\\nliteratura instructus, theologia prasstantior concionator volubilis, suavis, et suadus\\norator facundus. Moribus facilis, candidus, et jucundus, vita egrcgie liberais ac bene-\\nficus supra vero omnia emicuerunt pietas ac benevolcntia. Sed ah quanta et quota\\ningenii, industries, prudentiae, patientiae, cacterarumque omnium virtutum exemplaria,\\nmarmoris sepulcliralis angustia reticebit. Multuin desideratus, multum dilectus, humani\\ngeneris deliciae. O infandum sui desiderium, gemit ecclesia, plorat academia at\\ncaelum plaudit, dum ille ingreditur in gaudium Domini dulce loquentis, euge bone et fide-\\nlis serve.\\nAbi, viator, tuam respice finem.\\nM. S. reverendi admodum viri, Jonathan Edwards, A. M. Collegii Novas. Caesareaa\\npraesidis. Natus apud Windsor, Connecticutensium, 5 Octobris, A. D. 1703. S. V.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0284.jp2"}, "285": {"fulltext": "MERCER COUNTY, 279\\nPatre reverendo Timothco Edwards oriendus, collegio Yalensi educatus, apud Northamp-\\nton sacris initiatus, 15 Februarii, 1726-7. Illinc dimissus, 22 Junii, 1750, ^et munus\\nbarbaros instituendi acccpit. Prreses aula? Nassovica? creatus, 16 Februarii, 1758. De-\\nfunctus in hoc vico, 22 Martii sequentis, S. N. aetatis 55, heu nimis brevis Hie jacet\\nmortalis pars.\\nQualis persona qua?ris viator Vir corpore procero, sed gracili, studiis intentissimis,\\nabstinentia, et sedulitate, attenuato. Ingenii acumine, judicio acri, et prudentia, secun-\\ndus nemini mortalium. Artium liberalium et scientiarum peritia insignis, criticorum\\nsacrorum optimus, theologus eximius. Ut vix alter aequalis, disputator candidus fidei\\nChristiana; propugnator validus et invictus concionator gravis, serius, discriminans et,\\nDeo favente, successu foelicissimus. Pietate pra?clarus, moribus suis severus, ast aliis\\naequus et benignus, vixit dilectus, veneratus sed ah lugendus moriebatur.\\nQuantos gemitus discedens ciebat Heu sapientia tanta Heu doctrina et religio\\nAmissum plorat collegium, plorat et ecclesia at, eo recepto, gaudet ccelum. Viator, et\\npia sequere vestigia.\\nSub hoc marmore sepulchrah mortales exuvia? reverendi perquam viri Samuelis Da-\\nvies, A. M. collegii Nov-Ca?sariensis pra3sidis, futurum Domini adventum praestolantur.\\nNe te, viator, ut pauca de tanto tamque dilecto viro resciscas, paulisper morari pigeat.\\nNatus est in comitatu de Newcastle, juxta Delaware, 3 Novembris, anno salutis repa-\\nrata?, 1724. S. V. Sacris ibidem initiatus, 19 Februarii, 1747, tutelam pastoralem ecclesia?\\nin comitatu de Hanover, Virginiensium suscepit. Ibi per 11 plus minus annos, ministri\\nevangelici laboribus indefesse et, favente numine, auspicato perfunctus. Ad munus\\npraesidiale collegii Nov-Caesariensis gerendum vocatus est, et inauguratus, 26 Julii, 1759,\\nS. N. Sed, proh rerum inane intra biennium febre corrcptus candidam animam ccelo\\nreddidit, 4 Februarii, 1761. Heu quam exiguum vita? curriculum Corpore fait eximio\\ngestu liberali, placido, augusto. Ingenii nitore, morum integritate, munificentia, facili-\\ntate, inter paucos illustris. Rei literaria? peritus theologus promptus perspicax in ros-\\ntris, per eloquium blandum, mellitum, vehemens simul et perstringens, nulli secundus.\\nScriptor ornatus, sublimis, disertus. Praesertim vero pietate, ardente in Deum zelo et\\nreli none spectandus. In tanti viri, majora meriti, memoriam diuturnam amici hoe\\nqualecunque monumentum, honoris ergo et gratitudinis, posuere. Abi, viator, ei semulare.\\nMemoria? sacrum reverendi Samuelis Finley, S. T. D. collegii Neo-Csesariensis praesi-\\ndis. Armacha? in Hibernia natus, A. D. 1715. In Americam migravit, anno 1734.\\nSacris ordinibus initiatus est, anno 1743, apud Novum Brunsvicum Neo-Ca?sariensium,\\nEcclesia? Nottinghami Pennsylvaniensium, munus pastorale suscepit, 14 kal. Jul. 1744;\\nibique, academia? celeberrima? diu pra?fuit. Designatus praises collegii Neo-Ca?sariensis\\nofficium inivit id. Jul. 1761. Tandem dilectus, veneratus, omnibus flendus, morti accu-\\nbuit Philadelphia;, 15 kal. Sextilis, A. D. 1766. Artibus literisque excultus prae cseteria\\npraecipue innituit rerum divinarum scientia. Studio divina? glorias flagrans, summis opi-\\nbus ad veram religionem promovendam, et in concionibus, et in sermone familiari operam\\nsemper navabat. Patientia, modestia, mansuetudo miranda animo moribusque enitue-\\nrunt. Oh charitatem, observantiam, vigilantiam, ergajuvenes fidei sua? mandatos fuit in-\\nsignissimus; moribus ingenius, pietate sincera, vixit omnibus dilectus, moriens triumphavit.\\nReliquiaB mortales Joannis Witiierspoon, D. D. LL. D. collegii Neo-Caesariensis pra-\\nsidis, plurimum venerandi, sub hoc marmore inhumantur. Natus parochio Yestrensi,\\nScotorum, nonis Februarii, 1722, V. S. literis humanioribus in universitate Edinburgensi\\nimbutus sacris ordinibus initiatus, anno 1743, munere pastorali per viginti quinque an-\\nnos fideliter functus est, primo apud Beith, deinde apud Paisly. Praescs designatus-\\naula? Nassovica?, anno 1767. In Americam migravit, anno 1768, idibusque Sextilis,\\nmaxima expectatione omnium, munus praesidiale suscepit. Vir eximia pietate, ac vir-\\ntute omnibus dotibus animi pra?ccllens; doctrina atque optimarum artium studiis, pen-\\nitus eruditus. Concionator gravis, solemnis, orationes ejus sacra? praeceptis, et institutis-\\nvita? pra?stantissimis, nee non expositionibus sacrosancta? scriptura? dilucidis, sunt re-\\npleta?. In sermone familiari comis, lepidus, blandus, rerum ecclesia? forensium peritissi-\\nmus summa prudentia et in regenda, et instituenda juventute, praeditus. Existimationem\\ncollegii apud peregrinos auxit bonasque literas in eo multum provexit. Inter lumina\\nclarissima, et doctrina?, et ecclesia?, diu vixit. Tandem veneratus, dilectus, lugendus\\nomnibus animam effiavit, 17 kal. Dec. anno salutis mundi 1794, a?tatis sua? 73.\\nHoc tumulo conditur Quod mortale fuit viri admodum reverendi Samuelis Stanhope", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0285.jp2"}, "286": {"fulltext": "280 MERCER COUNTY.\\nSmith, S. T. D., LL. D. Nuper Collegii Neo-CaEsariensis Praesidis. Et ejusdem sac-\\nrosanctae Theologies et Philosophic moralis Professoris. Natus Pequeae Pennsylvanien-\\nsium, A. D. MDCCL. Evangelii ministri insignis, filius ipse insignior Literis human-\\nioribus in Aula Nassovica imbutus In eadein Tutor tres annos ordinibus sacris initi-\\natus A. D. MDCCLXXIV. Academiae Hampden Sydniensis apud Virginienses, Fun-\\ndator, et primus Rector Inde revocatus ejus Alma Matre, ad munus Professoris A. D.\\nMDCCLXXIX vice Presses creatus A. D. MDCCLXXXVI Denique Prasidis digni-\\ntate exomatus A. D. MDCCXCV Quibus muniis omnibus praeclaris et gravissimis sat-\\nisfecit, quanta ipsius laude, quantoque bono publico, alumni permulti studiosi et sibi de-\\nvinetissimi ubique testantor. Sed eheu aliis inserviendo ipse consumitor. Laboris\\nfractus assiduis morbisque creberrimis. Sceptrum Academicum alteri dcdit A. D.\\nMDCCCXII, iEtatis sua? LXIX. Theologia Philosophia omnique doctrina excultus In\\ndocendo peritus, in scribendo ornatus. In concionando perpolitis, gravis et valde diser-\\ntus Beneficentia, hospitalitate, urbanitate, venustate praetans. Ecclesiae, Patriae, Lit-\\nerarum, Collegii Decus. Hocce martnor, In memoriam operarum ejus, dotumque ex-\\nimiarum. Et reverentiae suae, Curatores Collegii Neo-Cassariensis Ponendum atque\\ninscribendum curaverunt.\\nWalter Minto, LL. D., Professor of Mathematics and Philosophy in the College of\\nNew Jersey, was born in the county of Meroe, in Scotland, Dec. 5th, 1753 and died in\\nthis town Oct. 21st, 1796.\\nLaUS DEO OPTIMO MAXIMO.\\nIntra hoc sepulchrum, depositee sunt spe resurrectionis beatae Reliquiae Mortales\\nJoiiannis Maclean, M. D. Viri admodum vencrandi omnibus dotibus animi prae-\\ncellentis. Qui Glascuas Scotorum natus, Kal. Martii A. D. MDCCLXXI. In Ameri-\\ncan! migravit Anno MDCCXCV. Physics Naturalis Scientia penitus instructus et\\nArte Chemica praecipue florens. Earum Artium in Academia Nassovica Professor\\ndesignatus est. Prid. Kal. Oct. ejusdem anni Professoribus ac Juventuti in Collegio Mire\\ndilectus, atque observatus. Evita eheu decessit omnibus plorandus Idibus Februarii,\\nMDCCCXIV.\\nIn memory of Guy Chew, a Mohawk Indian, who departed this life April 19th, 1826,\\naged 21 years 8 months. This youth continued in Pagan darkness until his 18th year,\\nwhen, under the patronage of the U. F. M. Society, he was sent to the mission school\\nat Cornwall, Conn. Here he remained three years, experienced the renewing grace of\\nGod, and became eminent for his benevolence, piety, and desire to proclaim the gospel to\\nhis countrymen. While preparing for this blessed work, he was by a mysterious Provi-\\ndence called away in the morning of his days. Reader, pray for the Indians.\\nThe celebrated Col. Aaron Burr was buried in the Princeton graveyard\\nnear his father, President Burr. He was interred with the honors of war;\\nthe professors and students of the college, and some of the clergy and citi-\\nzens, united with the relatives and friends of the deceased in the proces-\\nsion. Col. Burr was born at Newark, Feb. 6th, 1756. Both his parents\\ndied before he reached the third year of his age, and left him in the posses-\\nsion of a handsome estate. While under the care of Dr. Shippen of Phila-\\ndelphia, when but about four years old, having some difficulty with his pre-\\nceptor, he ran away, and was not found until the third or fourth day after-\\nward thus indicating, at this early age, a fearlessness of mind, and reli-\\nance on himself, which characterized the subsequent acts of his life. At\\nthe age of ten he ran away from his uncle, Timothy Edwards, for the pur-\\npose of going to sea. He entered Princeton College, and graduated at the\\nage of sixteen years, receiving the highest academic honors of the institu-\\ntion, though his moral character at this period could not be considered of\\nthe highest order. On the breaking out of the revolution, Col. Burr, im-\\npelled by military honor, joined the American army, and was a volunteer\\nin Arnold s celebrated expedition through the wilderness to Quebec. He\\nwas afterward for a short period in the family of Washington, but becom", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0286.jp2"}, "287": {"fulltext": "MERCER COUNTY. 281\\ning somewhat dissatisfied with that great man, he became aid to Gen. Put-\\nnam, and was afterward appointed lieutenant-colonel. Col. Burr next turn-\\ned his attention to the study of law, was admitted to the bar in 1782,\\nand commenced practice in Albany. In 1791, he was appointed a Senator\\nof the United States, and in 1801, Vice-President.\\nIn the autumn of 1806, a project was detected, at the head of which was\\nCol. Burr, said to be for revolutionizing the territory west of the Alle-\\nghanies, and for establishing an independent empire there, of which New\\nOrleans was to be the capital, and himself the chief. Burr was appre-\\nhended, and brought to trial Aug. 1807; no overt act being proved against\\nhim, he was acquitted. Col. Burr died at Staten Island, N. Y., September\\n14th, 1836. It is truly surprising, says his biographer, how any indi-\\nvidual could have become so eminent as a soldier, a statesman, and as a pro-\\nfessional man, who devoted so much time to the other sex as was devoted by\\nColonel Burr. For more than half a century of his life they seemed to ab-\\nsorb his whole thoughts. His intrigues were without number his conduct\\nmost licentious.\\nTRENTON.\\nTrenton, the capital of New Jersey, is situated on the east side\\nof the Delaware, at the mouth of Assunpink creek, opposite the\\nfalls or rapids, and is in 40\u00c2\u00b0 13 N. lat., and 75\u00c2\u00b0 48 W. long, from\\nGreenwich, and 2\u00c2\u00b0 16 E. long, from Washington. The first set-\\ntlements, made about the year 1679, at the Falls of the Delaware*\\nby the Friends, were on both sides of the river. Those on the New\\nJersey side were on the low land at the mouth of the Assunpink,\\nand on the Plains where Messrs. Norton and Laylor s farms and\\nMill Hill and Lamberton are situated.\\nThe Friends, who had left England on account of the persecution raised\\nagainst them for their religion, sought an asylum on the peaceful shores of\\nthe Delaware, where they have, undisturbed, enjoyed the privileges of reli-\\ngious as well as civil freedom. For many years they had no public build-\\nings for worship, but their meetings were held in private houses.\\nGovernor William Penn, who, in the year 1683, issued an order for the\\nestablishment of a post-office, requested Phineas Pemberton carefully to\\npublish the information on the meeting-house door, that is, on the door of the\\nprivate house in which the society of Friends was then accustomed to meet.\\nIt was usual for Friends settled about the Falls, to assemble at the houses\\nof William Yardley, James Harrison, Phineas Pemberton, William Biles,\\nand William Beakes for the meeting-house at the Falls (or Fallsington)\\nwas not built till 1690, nor the one at Burlington till 1696, nor the one at\\nBristol until 1710. The meeting-house in Trenton city was built in 1739.\\n(See date on the meeting-house in Hanover street.) This house has beenoc\\nThe Indians called the falls and its vicinity Sankhican, from a gun or fire-lock,\\na name given by the Dela wares to a tribe of the Mohawks, who occupied this section of\\ncountry: they being the first who were supplied with muskets by the Europeans.\\nAssunpink (creek) signifies Stone water, or stone in the water, this being the first\\nwater or place where the Indians in going up the river found stone. Communication\\nfrom Thomas Gordon, Esq., of Trenton.\\n36", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0287.jp2"}, "288": {"fulltext": "282 MERCER COUNTY.\\ncupied for the same purpose until this time. At the time of the separation in\\n1828, one part of the society left this house, and now hold their meetings in\\nthe building at the corner of Greene and Academy streets, formerly the\\nMethodist church.\\nIt seldom happens but that disasters of some kind befall the first settlers\\nof a new country. Many of the inhabitants in the vicinity of the Falls\\nwere visited with sickness, and were removed by death, by a malignant\\nfever, which prevailed among them in 1687, both in Pennsylvania and New\\nJersey.\\nPhineas Pemberton says that on the 16th of 3d month, [that is, March\\n16th,] 1687, there was a great land-flood, and on the 29th, a rupture.\\nThis is supposed to refer to the formation of the island at Morrisville, oppo-\\nsite the Trenton bridge, which was at this time separated from the main\\nland.\\nThe flood here mentioned is probably the same as that mentioned by Mr.\\nSmith, as occurring in 1692 and there appears to be an error in one of the\\nstatements. For it is supposed that so great a rise in the waters as to over-\\nflow the banks on the Pennsylvania side of the Delaware at the Falls, must\\nhave swept away the settlement on the low lands at the mouth of the As-\\nsunpink and yet this is said not to have occurred until 1692. The lands\\non the Jersey shore might, however, have been much higher than on the\\nPennsylvania side; and probably they were, as they were tilled for many\\nyears afterward.\\nAbout the year 1700 the settlements were commenced by persons who\\npurchased the lands from the original proprietors, or persons who had taken\\nup the lands and most of the deeds for plantations in the different parts of\\nthe township bear date from 1699 to 1710.\\nFrom the year 1700 the settlement of the township increased by persons\\nfrom Long Island, from East Jersey, and other parts. Messrs. Daniel How-\\nell, Ebenezer Prout, Isaac Reeder, John Burroughs, Charles Clark, Richard\\nScudder, Robert Lanning, John Lanning, Jacob and Isaac Reeder, Wm.\\nReed, Simon Sacket, John Deane, John and Abiel Davis, Jonathan Davis,\\nand others, settled in what is now Ewing, as appears from their deeds and\\nfamily records; and in April, 1703, Mr. John Hutchinson (only son and\\nheir of Thomas Hutchinson, who died intestate) conveyed a lot of land to\\nthe inhabitants of Hopewell for a place of burial, and to erect a public meet-\\ning-house thereon.\\nThis was, probably, the first house which was built for public worship\\nin the township of Hopewell. It was occupied by the Episcopalians until\\ntheir church was built in Trenton, and occasionally for many years after.\\nThe ground was long used as a place of burial by many families. The\\nremains of the widow of Col. William Trent were buried there. But few\\nvestiges remain to mark the spot where stood the first temple of the Lord in\\nthe then county of Hunterdon.\\nThe Presbyterians obtained a lot of land for a place of burial, and on\\nwhich to build a church, from Mr. Alexander Lockart, who lived on the\\nplantation now owned by the children of the late Dr. Joseph Olden. The\\ndeed bears date March the 9th, 1709. The land was granted in trust to\\nRichard Scudder, John Burroughs, Ebenezer Prout, Daniel Howell, John\\nDeane, John Davis, Jonathan Davis, Enoch Anderson, William Osborne,\\nJacob Reeder, Cornelius Anderson, John Siferons, Simon Sacket, George\\nFarley, Caleb Farley, William Reed, and Joseph Sacket. Not long after\\nthis, probably in the year 1712, a house was built of logs for a place of", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0288.jp2"}, "289": {"fulltext": "MERCER COUNTY. 283\\npublic worship, near the spot on which the brick church now stands. In a\\nfew years after, the log building was taken down and a frame building\\nerected, which was occupied until the year 1795, when the present brick\\nchurch was built. We have no records to show with certainty the year\\nin which the frame church was built but from an inscription on a tablet\\nwhich was placed in the old stone church, in Trenton city, a little west of\\nthe present Presbyterian church, (which is a branch from the church in the\\ncountry) it is pretty evident that it was built in the year 1726. The in-\\nscription is, Founded in 1712 built in 1726. These dates could not re-\\nfer to the house in the city, because, even at this last date, there was scarce-\\nly one house where the city is now built.\\nKalm, a Swede, who travelled in this country in 1748, says that his land-\\nlord in Trenton told him that 22 years before, (1726,) when he first settled\\nthere, there was hardly more than one house. In August, 1814, Mrs. Je-\\nmima Howell, (youngest daughter of Mr. John Burroughs,) who was born\\nin the year 1725, informed the writer, that although she could not tell when\\nthe frame church [in Ewing] was built, yet she remembered that she had\\nhelped to scrub it, 70 years ago. She also well remembered, she said, when\\nthere were but two or three small houses where the city of Trenton is built\\nand that it was woods from the neighborhood of the frame church to Stacy s\\n(now Wain s) mills that they had only a foot-path for many years after\\nand that the farmers carried their grain to that market on pack-horses.\\nKalm says, that in 1748 there were near a hundred houses in Trenton.\\nThe probability is, from the description he has given of the town of Tren-\\nton, that he included the buildings on the north and south sides of the As-\\nsunpink. He says that there were two small churches one belonging to\\nthe Church of England, and the other to the Presbyterians. It is probable\\nthat these houses had been built but a few years. As Nottingham and Hope-\\nwell were settled almost entirely by Friends, there is reason to suppose that\\nthey were among the first to erect places for public worship and they prob-\\nably were, as their house was built in 1739 and in 1726 there were no\\nmore than one or two houses in this place. The large white brick-house,\\nnow standing on the corner of Greene (formerly Queen) and Hanover\\nstreets, was built in the year 1740. Nearly all the first buildings, in what\\nis now the city, were on or near the York road, (now Greene-street,) which\\nled from Mahlon Stacy s mills. The Presbyterian and Episcopal churches\\nwere both branches of their respective churches in the country. Most of\\nthe Episcopal families at first lived above the falls, in the vicinity of the\\nchurch they built on the ground granted by the Hutchinson family. As\\nMr. Thomas Hutchinson died before this ground was appropriated for a buri-\\nal-place, the family selected a spot on the manor, where several of them,\\nand others, were buried. This spot is about 15 or 20 rods east of the road,\\nat the brow of the hill, and nearly in front of the old Manor-house, which\\nwas on the farm now owned by Mr. John Titus.\\nIn August, 1714, Mahlon Stacy sold his plantation of 800 acres, lying\\non both sides of the Assunpink creek, on the Delaware, to Col. Wm. Trent,\\nof Philadelphia. Col. Trent was a gentleman of great respectability; and\\nwas for several years speaker of the house of assembly in Pennsylvania\\nand in September, 1723, he was chosen speaker of the house of assembly in\\nNew Jersey. In this year Wm. Trent and John Reading were appointed\\ncommissioners for the county of Hunterdon. Mr. Trent died at Philadel-\\nphia, May 29, 1724.\\nThe lot on which the courthouse was built, is now owned by the Trenton", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0289.jp2"}, "290": {"fulltext": "294 MERCER COUNTY.\\nBanking Company, and their banking-house stands upon it. It was con-\\nveyed to the Trenton Banking Company by the board of chosen freeholders\\nof the county of Hunterdon, May 8, 1814 just 100 years after it was\\npurchased by Wm. Trent, by whom, it is said, (I know not by what author,\\nity, except traditionary testimony,) the lot was given to the county. And it\\nis probable this grant was made by Mr. Trent to the county about the year\\n1720 and that, in compliment to him for the gift, the place was called\\nTrenton, or, as it was first written, Trent s town. Until this time, what is\\nnow known as the city of Trenton, and townships of Hopewell and Ewing,\\nwas known as Hopewell for the courts of the county, until 1719, were\\nheld at Wm. Yard s and A. Heath s, in Hopewell.\\nIn September, 1719, the courts were held in Trenton. It having been\\nrepresented to the governor that the holding of the courts alternately in\\nMaidenhead and Hopewell was attended with inconvenience, it was, in\\nMarch, 1719, ordained that the courts should be held and kept in Trenton\\nfrom the month of September next ensuing. The magistrates present at\\nthe first court in the county, held at Maidenhead, were John Banbridge, Ja-\\ncob Bellerjeau, Philip Phillips, Wm. Green, John Holcomb, Samuel Green,\\nand Samuel Fitch. Wm. Green and John Reading were the first assessors\\nof Hunterdon, and Ralph Hunt the first collector.\\nThe first grand jurors were Wm. Hickson, Daniel Howell, Robert Lan-\\nning, Henry Mershon, Richard Compton, George Woolsey, Joseph Reeder,\\njr., Thomas Standling, Richard Scudder, Timothy Baker, John Burroughs,\\nJohn Titus, Samuel Everett, John Ely, and Richard Lanning. John Muir-\\nhead, high-sheriff, complained to the court in 1714 and 1717, and in June,\\n1719, and in March, 1720, that there was no jail for the county. In 1728-9\\nJohn Dagworthy, Esq., high-sheriff, complained to the court that the jail\\nwas so out of repair that escapes took place daily. Ordered to be re-\\npaired. In 1724 it was enacted that the supreme court for the county of\\nHunterdon should be held in July, at Trent s town.\\nAbout the year 1721, a log jail for the county was built at the forks of\\nthe roads leading from Trenton to Pennington, and from Pennington to the\\n8 mile ferry, nearly opposite the residence of the late Jesse Moore, Esq.\\nAlthough the sheriff complained to the court of the daily escapes from\\nthe jail, there do not appear on the records of the court many criminal\\ncases presented by the grand jury. They found a bill, at one of the courts,\\nagainst a man for stealing a book called the New Testament and at an-\\nother court, against a man for stealing a horse-bell. Besides these, but\\nvery few bills were found.\\nFrom the best information which can at present be obtained, it appears\\npretty evident that there were but very few buildings in the place, until af-\\nter 1730 or 35. About the year 1740, several buildings were erected.\\nMr. Plasket built the Friends meeting-house in 1739 and Obadiah Howell,\\nthe uncle of the present Obadiah Howell, sen., informed our citizen, Mr.\\nThomas Ryall, that he put the date of 1739 on that house himself, being\\nthen an apprentice to Mr. Plasket and that the brick house, corner of\\nHanover and Greene streets, was built by Thomas Tindall, in 1740. In\\n1748, there were nearly one hundred houses in the place. The flourishing\\ncondition in which the town appears to have been at that time, and its ad-\\nvantageous location for business, led the inhabitants to anticipate its rapidly\\nincreasing growth and prosperity and, supposing that both would be pro-\\nmoted by an act of incorporation by the crown, conferring borough privi-\\nleges, in the 19th year of the reign of King George II., (1746,) Gov. Lewis", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0290.jp2"}, "291": {"fulltext": "MERCER COUNTY. 285\\nMorris, and a number of the inhabitants of this district of country, sent a\\npetition to the king, stating that Trenton was the head of sloop navigation,\\nand that a variety of circumstances rendered the place favorable for busi-\\nness, and that its interests would be greatly promoted by such an act. Ac-\\ncordingly a royal charter was granted for a borough, the limits of which are\\ndescribed as follows, viz Beginning at the mouth of Crosswick s creek\\nthence up said creek to the mouth of Doctor s creek thence up the said\\ncreek to Keith s line, between East and West Jersey thence along said\\nline, including Maidenhead and Hopewell, between Hopewell and Amwell,\\nto Delaware river thence down said river to the place of beginning to be\\nknown as the borough and town of Trenton. Thomas Cadwallader, Esq.,\\nwas appointed chief burgess Nathaniel Ware, recorder David Martin,\\nmarshal and Andrew Reed, treasurer. The other burgesses were Wm.\\nMorris, Joseph Warrell, Daniel Coxe, Andrew Smith, Alexander Lockart,\\nDavid Martin, Robert Pearson, Andrew Reed, Theophilus Phillips, Joseph\\nDecow, Samuel Hunt, and Reuben Armitage.\\nThe common council were Joseph Paxton, Theophilus Severns, Benjamin\\nBiles, Jasper Smith, Cornelius Ringo, Jonathan Stout, Jonathan Waters,\\nThomas Burrows, jr., George Ely, John Hunt, John Dagworthy, jr., Joseph\\nPhillips, John Welling, William Plasket, Daniel Lanning, and Benjamin\\nGreene. But the inhabitants not experiencing the benefits which were an-\\nticipated from their charter, they surrendered it to King George II., in the\\n23d year of his reign, (1750.)\\nIn the year 1756, George II. granted a patent, incorporating the Presby-\\nterian church of Trenton appointing Rev. David Cowell, Charles Clark,\\nEsq., Andrew Reed, Esq., Joseph Yard, Arthur Howell, William Green,\\nand Alexander Chambers, trustees, under the name of Trustees of the\\nPresbyterian Church of Trenton. In 1790, Trenton was made the seat of\\ngovernment of New Jersey. On Nov. 13th, 1792, the city of Trenton\\nwas erected from a part of the township of Trenton, with the usual corpo-\\nrate city privileges. In the summer of 1793, the yellow fever prevailing\\nat Philadelphia, the public offices of the United States were removed here.*\\nTrenton city is situated on Delaware river, 55 m. SW. of New\\nYork, 30 NE. from Philadelphia, 10 SW. from Princeton, 26 SW.\\nfrom New Brunswick, and 166 from Washington. In 1840, the\\npopulation of Trenton and the borough of South Trenton was up-\\nwards of 6,000. Of this number, there were in the city proper\\n4,035, the remainder in South Trenton. In the city proper, in 1840,\\nthere were 103 persons engaged in commerce, 571 in manufactures\\nand trades, and 41 in the learned professions. The city is at the\\nhead of steamboat navigation, is regularly laid out, and has many\\nhandsome public and private buildings. The localities of Mill Hill,\\nBloomsbury, and Lamberton, combined in the borough of South\\nTrenton, extending upwards of a mile down the Delaware, would,\\nin a general description of Trenton, be considered as a part of the\\ncity. In the city proper, there are a state-house, 100 feet by 60,\\nFor the preceding historical notice of Trenton, the compilers of this work are in-\\ndebted to a series of articles recently published in the Trenton State Gazette, written by\\nthe Rev. Eli F. Cooley, pastor of the Presbyterian church in Ewing.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0291.jp2"}, "292": {"fulltext": "286\\nMERCER COUNTY.\\nbuilt of stone, and stuccoed in imitation of granite, a house for the\\nresidence of the governor of the state, 2 banks, the state-library,\\nestablished in 1750, a city hall, a lyceum, and 7 churches, 1 Pres-\\nbyterian, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Episcopal, 2 Friends, 1 Methodist,\\nand 1 African Methodist. In South Trenton are the Mercer court-\\nhouse and offices, the state-prison, 4 churches, 1 Baptist, 1 Reform\\nBridge across the Delaware, at Trenton.\\ned Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Catholic. In 1840, there were in\\nTrenton proper, 50 retail stores, cap. $196,300; 4 lumber-yards,\\ncap. 4,900 3 tanneries, 1 brewery, 1 pottery, 3 paper fac, cap.\\n$30,000 1 rope-walk, 2 flouring-m., 2 grist-m., 3 saw-m., 3 print-\\ning-offices, 2 binderies, 2 weekly and 1 semi- weekly newspapers\\ntotal cap. in manufac. $247,800 4 acad. 104 students, 10 schools,\\n314 scholars.\\nThe Delaware and Raritan canal, forming a sloop navigation\\nfrom Bordentown to New Brunswick, passes through Trenton, and\\nis here entered by a feeder taken from the Delaware, 23 miles above\\nthe city. The canal crosses the Assunpink creek, east of the town,\\nin a fine stone aqueduct. Above the falls, the Delaware is navi-\\ngable for large boats as far as Easton, Pa., which adds much to the\\ncommercial advantages of Trenton. The railroad from Jersey City\\nto Camden passes just east of the central part of the place. A\\nrailroad branches off at the depot, crosses the Trenton bridge, and\\ncontinues down the west bank of the Delaware to Philadelphia. A\\ncompany was chartered in 1831, with a capital of $200,000, for\\nthe purpose of taking the water from the river by means of a dam\\nand race-way, and carrying it along and below the city, which has\\ncreated a very extensive water-power for manufacturing purposes.\\nThe Assunpink creek, which divides the city from the borough of\\nSouth Trenton, also furnishes considerable water-power.\\nAbout half a mile from the central part of Trenton, is the beau-\\ntiful covered bridge across the Delaware, justly considered one of\\nthe finest specimens of bridge architecture, of wood, in the world.\\nThis bridge, 1,100 feet in length, was commenced in May, 1804,", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0292.jp2"}, "293": {"fulltext": "MERCER COUNTY.\\n287\\nand finished in Feb., 1806, at an expense of $180,000. It reflects\\ncredit upon Mr. Burr, its architect, combining, as it does, the three\\ngreat objects, convenience of travelling, strength, and durability.\\nThe floor is supported by perpendicular iron rods hanging from the\\narches. It withstood the great flood of 1841, unharmed while the\\nmore frail structures of a later day were swept away. It is cross-\\ned by the Philadelphia and Trenton railroad.\\nView of the County Buildings, South Trenton.\\nThe annexed is an eastern view of the county buildings in\\nSouth Trenton, erected upon the formation of Mercer co. The large\\nbuilding in the centre is the courthouse that on the left, the sur-\\nrogate s, and the one on the right, the clerk s office. These edifices\\nare built of brick, in the Grecian style, and stuccoed. The steps\\nare of granite, and the basement of sandstone. These buildings\\nwere finished in 1839, and cost, exclusive of ground, about $70,000.\\nReferences.\\nA. Observatory.\\nB. Entrance.\\nC. Porch.\\nD. D. Corridors\\nPlan of the State-prison.\\nThe state-prison is situated in South Trenton, about three fourths\\nof a mile below the central part of Trenton, within a few rods of", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0293.jp2"}, "294": {"fulltext": "288\\nMERCER COUNTY.\\nthe Delaware and Raritan canal, and the railroad from Jersey\\nCity to Camden. It consists of a main building, in which reside\\nthe family of the keeper, and his assistants. The two wings con-\\ntain the convicts. These buildings are surrounded by stone walls,\\n20 feet high, and 3 feet thick, which enclose an area of 4 acres.\\nView in the central part of Trenton.\\nIt is in contemplation, whenever it becomes necessary for the ac-\\ncommodation of additional prisoners, to build wings, which, like\\nthe present, will radiate from the main building. The prison is\\nwarmed by tubes of hot water, passing through the cells. In the\\ncoldest weather, the cells can thus be warmed to a temperature\\nof 65\u00c2\u00b0. They are ventilated by apertures in the exterior walls,\\nand also by a flue from each cell to the top of the roof. The air\\nis pure, the outlet pipes perfectly ventilating the building. These\\npipes are cleaned by water, about 15,000 gallons being daily\\nused for that purpose. The prison is almost perfectly secure.\\nOnly one convict has ever escaped, and that when the walls were\\nnew, and the mortar soft, so that he was enabled to pry his way\\nthrough.\\nThe convicts are employed principally in making shoes, chairs, and in weaving\\nThe earnings of the prison now exceed the expenses. This result has been, in a great\\nmeasure, produced by the system of cash sales and purchases, and rigid economy in\\nexpenditures.* The provisions and clothing of the prisoners are, in all respects, suit-\\nable to their wants and their general health is good. The testimony of every sue-\\nceeding year is thus accumulating in favor of this system of punishment. The prisoner\\ncondemned to solitary confinement, at hard labor, has leisure to reflect upon the folly and\\nwickedness which have consigned him to the walls of a dungeon, and to resolve upon a\\nReport of the joint committee on the condition of the state-prison, for 1842.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0294.jp2"}, "295": {"fulltext": "o\\na\\nM. m5\\n01\\no n n\\n^-o (8\\nji3.o*\\nsT 98\\ng\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00baa 3 n\\n2- 3\\n\u00c2\u00a75-5\\nS3;\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00baL- o\\nEs\\n5 eT\\n52. U\\nO. n\\na p\\np*\\n5 2\\npro\\n2 p\\n.2 3\\nED\\nH\\np 3\\n5 p\\n\u00c2\u00a71\\n1-1\\nto ET\\nO\\nCO\\n-3*\\n-3\\no\\nH- 1\\nw\\no\\nHI\\nw\\nH\\nso\\nH\\nM\\n1\\nhj\\n\u00c2\u00a33\\nI\u00e2\u0080\u0094 I\\nGO\\no\\nH\\nfd\\nH\\nH\\nO\\nSI\\nM!!llj :j I\\n37", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0295.jp2"}, "296": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0296.jp2"}, "297": {"fulltext": "MERCER COU TY.\\n291\\ni:_:- i:.- ;_-- H: _- .1 -.in. 1 r:~\\nr-_ :t I\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1- 1 1.- z z 1 it n; :-tti\\nc;:t i .i 1 -1:1 S 1 i= i ^ii- n iiti: i-i :i r?: it 1\\njala, the committee befiere that the preset gyatem a i M i ldiptr J to M\\n:r 11; ir. 1 j i ;::t::: Ut p:ii\\nlibrarr of near 300 Tolmnes. ice the cse of the eon-viets. The boots are \u00e2\u0096\u00a0well selected,\\nand the prisoners avail themselves of the privilege of reading them, with great alaenrr.\\nT 1 z-: 1 1 Utj lv\\n-__: .1 in :_ i.-_ .1. i \\\\it :-:r_: :\u00e2\u0096\u00a0:_:;-\u00e2\u0080\u0094 .~-:z:\\nThe foregoir.- is from a drawing taken near the Pres\\nrian church, looking westward. The first building on the right is\\nthe Presbyterian church, an elegant brick edifice. The next build-\\ning beyond is the city-halL on the corner of Second and Green\\nA few* rods south from thi- is the bridge\\ncreek, at a localirv of historic interest. T_t reataa market is\\nin the distance, standing in the middle of the street^ and be-\\nyond is the cupola of the statehouse.\\nt\\nNear the railroad depot, in the environs of Trent:: neat\\nand beautiful row of private dwellings designated as fAe cot::.\\nThey were built a few years under -intendenee of\\nMessrs. Hotchkiss Th:n:rscn and, while they refle credft up-\\non the skill of the arc. fcs form a pleasing exhibition of an im-\\nproved taste in the c: stn n of private resadeac\\nBATTLE OF TRKNTOS\\nThe battle of Trenton, the turning point in the American revo-\\nlution, will ever render Trenton memorable in the annals of Ameri-\\ncan h 7 present all the fcs may be deemed of in-\\nterest respecting this impc r .1 accour same\\nill be given. The introda aotiees Trenton\\ntimeof the eaptm Hess moQeof\\na sres g pub-", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0297.jp2"}, "298": {"fulltext": "E LA W*\\nr I.\\n---;-_. -_\u00e2\u0080\u00a2 f\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2_-\\nla\\n-.2\\n_~", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0298.jp2"}, "299": {"fulltext": "MERCEE COU3TI 1\\nq ^_ r ,__,..._ .-._,_- Air-: ir C r\\nn -.:_ Li.^ I-;_ :.-ii.\\nwhich it beads to the west, and na br Trent s raiBs, iu Qoeea-st, to the Mmie.\\n7 -_-,- :J Ur r:.i: -:-:=riC z^.\\n_- -_i Ai; _l:_ _-: \u00e2\u0096\u00a0_ _:.-: A^r. ..-_ -_.---=: _:\\nThe fbfl ngl ::oimt of the batr nton,\\nters. Xewto I ec. 17~\\n.-.f iji 15:\\ni:. :.._;. i- eir:.^: vr? f::iv ~:n j\\nThe evening of th-e red the troops in t en de d for this service to\\nr-iTiir i: \\\\-ir; 7:;- 7i; ::f r j:--\\n:bem all th the necessary artillery clock, and that\\nthe boats so much, that it w a i ;k betbre the a:\\n_\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\\nI formed my detachment into two divisions, one to march up the lower\\nrear road, the other by the upper or Pennington road. As the d ivfcaom\\nupon: -rtiards. to posh directly into the town, that they might\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0e .he ener had time to form. The upper division ar-\\n_\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\\nj i _\\nkeeping up a constant retreating fire from\\n:\u00c2\u00aber.:r. ;.:_-\u00e2\u0096\u00a0-\\n~...f \u00e2\u0096\u00a0_. irTr: :..:zri 1::~ a;:. 1 1 fsve-i :y\\n_\\noff by a road on their right, leading to Princeton hot, perceiving their in-\\ntention, I threw a body of troops in their way. which immediately checked\\n7 __-\\nmade any farther resistance, they\\narms. The number that submitted in this man-\\n_- 7 i\\nI\\nr.ai kflk .not abc-\\nrrs and one or _\\n1 that the detachment of the enemy consisted of the 3 Hessian\\nof Landspatch. Kuphansen, and Rohl, amounting to abcu:\\nmen. and a troop of immediately upon the begm-\\nthe attack, all thos not killed or taken poshed directly\\ndown the road toward Bordentowm. T old hare fallen into\\nra: 7? ::7.i :vv tl.1- v.? V; ,v- :i.rr;i n:: _ _: .-r~.\\n_", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0299.jp2"}, "300": {"fulltext": "294 MERCER COUNTY\\nthat though he did every thing in his power to effect it, he could not cross.\\nThis difficulty also hindered Gen. Cadwallader from crossing with the Penn-\\nsylvania militia from Bristol. He got part of his foot over, but, finding it\\nimpossible to embark his artillery, he was obliged to desist. I am fully\\nconfident that, could the troops under Generals Ewing and Cadwallader\\nhave passed the river, I should have been enabled, with their assistance, to\\nhave driven the enemy from all their posts below Trenton but the num-\\nbers I had with me being inferior to theirs below, and a strong battalion of\\nlight-infantry being at Princeton, above me, I thought it most prudent to\\nreturn the same evening, with the prisoners and the artillery we had taken.\\nWe found no stores of any consequence in the town.\\nIn justice to the officers and men, I must add, that their behavior upon\\nthis occasion reflects the highest honor upon them. The difficulty of pass-\\ning the river in a very severe night, and their march through a violent\\nstorm of hail and snow, did not in the least abate their ardor, but, when\\nthey came to the charge, each seemed to vie with the other in pressing for-\\nward and were I to give a preference to any particular corps, I should do\\ninjustice to the other.\\nCol. Baylor, my first aid-de-camp, will have the honor of delivering this\\nto you and from him you may be made acquainted with many other par-\\nticulars. His spirited behavior upon every occasion, requires me to recom-\\nmend him to your particular notice.\\nThe annexed account of the battle of Trenton was published by\\norder of congress, who received it from the council of safety, as\\ncoming from an officer of distinction in the army. It is here ex-\\ntracted from the Connecticut Journal, of Jan. 22, 1777.\\nHead-quarters, Newtown, Bucks co., Dec. 27.\\nIt was determined, some days ago, that our army should pass over to Jersey, at three\\ndifferent places, and attack the enemy. Accordingly, about 2,500 men, and 20 brass\\nfield-pieces, with his excellency Gen. Washington at their head, and Maj. Gen. Sullivan\\nand Gen. Greene in command of two divisions, passed over, on the night of Christmas,\\nand about three o clock, A. M., were on their march, by two routes, towards Trenton.\\nThe night was sleety and cold, and the roads so slippery that it was daybreak when we\\nwere two miles from Trenton. But happily the enemy were not apprized of our design,\\nand our advanced parties were on their guard, at half a mile from the town, where Gen.\\nSullivan s and Gen. Greene s divisions came into the same road. Their guard gave\\nour advanced parties several smart fires, as we drove them but we soon got two field-\\npieces at play, and several others in a short time and one of ou,r columns pushing down\\non the right, while the other advanced on the left into town. The enemy, consisting of\\nabout 1,500 Hessians, under Col. Rohl, formed, and made some smart fires from their\\nmusketry and six field-pieces but our people pressed from every quarter, and drove them\\nfrom tbeir cannon. They retired towards a field, behind a piece of woods, up the creek\\nfrom Trenton, and formed in two bodies, which I expected would have brought on a\\nsmart action from the troops, who had formed very near them but at that instant, as I\\ncame in full view of them, from the back of the wood, with his excellency Gen. Wash-\\nington, an officer informed him that one party had grounded their arms, and surrendered\\nprisoners.\\nThe others soon followed their example, except a part which had got off, in the hazy\\nweather, towards Princeton. A party of their lighthorse made oft on our first appear-\\nance. Too much praise cannot be given to our officers and men, of every regiment, who\\nseemed to vie with each other and, by their active and spirited behavior, they soon put\\nan honorable issue to this glorious day.\\nI was immediately sent oft*, with the prisoners, to McConkey s ferry, and have got\\nabout 750 safe in town, and a few miles from here, on this side of the ferry, viz One\\nlieutenant-colonel, two majors, four captains, seven lieutenants, and eight ensigns. We\\nleft Col. Rohl, the commandant, wounded, on his parole, and several other officers, and", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0300.jp2"}, "301": {"fulltext": "MERCER COUNTY. 295\\nwounded men, at Trenton. We lost but two of our men, that I can hear of a few\\nwounded and one brave officer, Capt. Washington, who assisted in securing their ar-\\ntillery, wounded in both hands.\\nThe annexed account of the battle of Trenton is from the Penn-\\nsylvania Journal, of 1781\\nAbout eight o clock in the morning, an attack was made on the piquet-guard of the\\nenemy. It was commanded by a youth of eighteen, who fell in his retreat to the main\\nbody. At half-past eight the town was nearly surrounded, and all the avenues to it\\nwere seized, except the one left for Gen. Ewing to occupy. An accident here liked to\\nhave deprived the American army of the object of their enterprise. The commanding\\nofficer of one of the divisions sent word to Gen. Washington, just before they reached\\nthe town, that his ammunition had been wet by a shower of rain that had fallen that\\nmorning, and desired to know what he must do. Washington sent him word to ad.\\nvance with fixed bayonets. This laconic answer inspired the division wkh the firmness\\nand courage of their leader. The whole body now moved onward, in sight of the ene-\\nmy. An awful silence reigned through every platoon. Each soldier stepped as if he\\ncarried the liberty of his country upon his single musket. The moment was a critical\\none. The attack was begun with artillery, under command of Col. (afterward Gen.)\\nKnox. The infantry supported the artillery with firmness. The enemy were thrown\\ninto confusion, in every quarter. One regiment attempted to form, in an orchard, but\\nwere soon forced to fall back upon their main body. A company of them entered a\\nstone house, which they defended with a field-piece, judiciously posted in the entry.\\nCapt. (afterward Col.) Washington advanced to dislodge them, with a field-piece; but,\\nfinding his men exposed to a close and steady fire, he suddenly leaped from them, rushed\\ninto the house, seized the officer who had command of the gun, and claimed him pris-\\noner. His men followed him, and the whole company were made prisoners. The cap-\\ntain received a ball in his hand, in entering the house. In the mean while, victory de-\\nclared itself everywhere in favor of the American arms.\\nThe Philadelphia lighthorse distinguished themselves upon this occasion by their bravery.\\nThey were the more admired for their conduct, as it was the first time they had ever\\nbeen in action. An anecdote is mentioned of Capt. Samuel Morris, of this corps, which,\\nthough it discovers his inexperience of war, did honor to his humanity. In advancing\\ntoward the town, he came up to the lieutenant, who had commanded the piquet-guard.\\nHe lay mortally wounded, and weltering in his blood, in the great road. The captain\\nwas touched with the sight, and called to Gen. Greene to know if any thing could be\\ndone for him. The general bade him push on, and not notice him. The captain was as\\nmuch agitated with the order as he was affected with the scene before him and it was\\nnot until after the fortunate events of the morning were over, that he was convinced that\\nhis sympathy for a bleeding enemy was ill-timed.\\nAfter having refreshed themselves, and rested a few hours in Trenton, the American\\narmy returned, with their prisoners and other trophies of victory, to the Pennsylvania\\nside of the river, by the same way they came, with the loss only of three men, who per-\\nished by cold in recrossing the river an event not to be wondered at, when we con-\\nsider that many of them were half naked, and most of them barefooted.\\nThe following interesting account of the battle of Trenton is be-\\nlieved to be the most particular and authentic yet given to the\\nworld. It is from No. 13 of the series of historical articles publish-\\ned in the State Gazette at Trenton, March 17, 1843.\\nOn Wednesday, the 25th of December, 1776, General Washing-\\nton, with his army, was on the west bank of the Delaware, en-\\ncamped near Taylorsville, then McKonkey s ferry, 8 miles above\\nTrenton. The troops under General Dickinson were at Yardley-\\nville and detachments were encamped still further up the river.\\nThe boats on the river had all been secured when Gen. Washington\\nhad crossed with his army on the first of this month. The Penn-\\nsylvania troops were in two bodies one at Bristol under General", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0301.jp2"}, "302": {"fulltext": "296 MERCER COUNTY.\\nCadwallader, and the other at Morrisville, opposite Trenton, under\\nGeneral Ewing.*\\nAt this time the British under General Howe were stationed in\\ndetachments at Mount Holly, Black Horse, Burlington, and Borden-\\ntown and at Trenton there were three regiments of Hessians,\\namounting to about 1,500 men, and a troop of British lighthorse.\\nDivisions of the British army were also at Princeton and New\\nBrunswick.\\nOne part of the plan of Washington was to recross the Dela-\\nware with his army at McKonkey s ferry, in the night of the 25th\\nof December, and for Gen. Ewing, with the part of the army under\\nhis command, to cross at or below Trenton thus both might fall\\nupon the enemy at the same time Ewing at the south, and General\\nWashington at the north end of the town.\\nAt dusk the continental troops, commanded by General Wash-\\nington in person, amounting to 2,400 men, with 20 pieces of artil-\\nlery, began to cross at McKonkey s ferry. The troops at Yard-\\nleyville and the stations above, had that day assembled at this ferry.\\nAmong the prominent and active men who were employed in ferry-\\ning over the troops, were Uriah Slack, William Green, and David\\nLaning. It was between 3 and 4 o clock in the morning before\\nall the artillery and troops were over and ready to march. Many\\nof the men were very destitute as regarded clothing. The present\\nMr. George Muirheid, of Hopewell, informed the writer that he\\nnoticed one man, whose pantaloons were ragged, and who had on\\nneither stockings nor shoes. The ground was covered with sleet\\nand snow, which was falling although before that day there was\\nno snow, or only a little sprinkling on the ground. Gen. Washing-\\nton, (who had sat in silence on a beehive, wrapt in his cloak, while\\nhis troops were crossing,) as they were about to march, enjoined\\nupon all profound silence during their march to Trenton, and said\\nto them, hope that you will all fight like men?\\nGeneral Washington wished to get twelve men who should be\\nmounted on horseback, without arms or uniform, in plain farmers\\nhabit, to ride before the army, to reconnoitre and get what infor-\\nmation they could, with respect to the British army, their out-\\nguards, c. There were but three M T ho would volunteer for this\\nservice these were David Laning, of Trenton, and John Muirheid\\nand John Guild, of Hopewell. The following persons were also\\nguides and marched with the army, viz Col. Joseph Phillips, Capt.\\nPhilip Phillips, and Adjt. Elias Phillips, of Maidenhead Joseph\\nInslee, Edon Burroughs, Stephen Burroughs, Ephraim Woolsey, and\\nHenry Simmonds, of Hopewell and Capt. John Mott, Amos Scud-\\nder, and William Green, of Trenton.\\nThe army marched with a quick step in a body from the river\\nup the cross-road to the Bear Tavern, about a mile from the river\\nIn Sparks s Life of Washington this officer is called Ewing in Marshall, Irvine\\nand in Wilkinson, Irwing.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0302.jp2"}, "303": {"fulltext": "MERCER COUNTY. 297\\nThe whole army marched down this road to the village of Bir-\\nmingham, distant about 3\\\\ miles. There they halted, examined\\ntheir priming, and found it all wet. Capt. Mott, who had taken\\nthe precaution to wrap his handkerchief around the lock of his gun,\\nfound, notwithstanding, the priming was wet. Well, says Gene-\\nral Sullivan, we must then fight them with the bayonet. From\\nBirmingham to Trenton, the distance by the River road and the\\nScotch road is nearly equal, being about 4| miles.\\nThe troops were formed in two divisions. One of them, com-\\nmanded by General Sullivan, marched down the River road. The\\nother, commanded by General Washington, accompanied by Gene-\\nrals Lord Stirling, Greene, Mercer, and Stevens, (with David Lan-\\ning and others for their guides,) filed off to the left, crossed over to\\nthe Scotch road, and went down this road till it enters the Penning-\\nton road, about a mile above Trenton. Scarcely a word was spoken\\nfrom the time the troops left the ferry (except what passed between\\nthe officers and the guides) till they reached Trenton and with\\nsuch stillness did the army move, that they were not discovered un-\\ntil they came upon the out-guard of the enemy, which was posted\\nin the outskirt of the town, at or near the house of the Rev. Mr.\\nFrazer,* when one of the sentries called to Laning,! who was a\\nlittle in advance of the troops, and asked, Who is there 1 Laning\\nreplied, A friend. A friend to whom A friend to Gen. Washing-\\nton. At this the guard fired and retreated.^ The American troops\\nimmediately returned their fire, and rushed upon them, and drove\\nthem into town. At the head of King-street, Captain T. Forrest\\nopened a six-gun battery, under the immediate orders of General\\nWashington, which commanded the street. Captain William Wash-\\nington, and Lieut. James Monroe, (afterward President of the Uni-\\nted States.) perceiving that the enemy were endeavoring to form a\\nbattery in King-street, near where the feeder crosses the street,\\nrushed forward with the advance guard, drove the artillerists from\\ntheir guns, and took from them two pieces, which they were in the\\nact of firing. These officers were both wounded in this successful\\nenterprise. A part of this division marched down Queen-street,\\nand extended to the left so as to cut off the retreat of the enemy to-\\nward Princeton.\\nThis was just after daybreak, according to the testimony of several persons who\\nlived in the town, or in the neighborhood, at the time.\\nt This Laning had, a few days before, been taken prisoner in the Scuddcr neighborhood,\\nnear the Delaware river, by a scouting party, and carried to Trenton, and confined in the\\nhouse on Tucker s corner. Watching his opportunity, when there was a little commo-\\ntion among the guard, he slipped out of the back door, sprang over a high board fence,\\nand escaped to the house of .Stacy Potts, who took him in and concealed him that night.\\nThe next morning Laning, dressed in an old ragged coat, and flapped hat, put an axe\\nunder his arm, and went with his head down, limping along, and so passed in safety the\\nenemy s sentries in the character of a wood-chopper but when he got where the Pen-\\nnington and Scotch roads meet, looking in every direction, and seeing no person, he\\nthrew down his axe, and took to Dickinson s swamp, and so escaped from the enemy.\\nI It is said that at the commencement of the engagement, when Washington, with\\nhis sword raised, was giving his orders, a musket-ball passed between his fingers, slight-\\nly grazing them. He only said, That has passed by.\\n38", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0303.jp2"}, "304": {"fulltext": "296 MERCER COUNTY.\\nThe division of the army which came down the River road under\\nGen. Sullivan, fell upon the advanced guard of the British at Ruth-\\nerford s place, adjoining Col. Dickinson s, near the southwest part\\nof the town, about the same time that Washington entered it at\\nthe north.\\nBoth divisions pushed forward, keeping up a running tire with\\nlisrht-arms.* meeting with but little opposition until the enemy were\\nd eastward in Second-st.. near the Presbyterian church, where\\nthere was some righting, the enemy having made a momentary\\nstand but rinding themselves hemmed in and overpowered, they\\nlaid down their arms on the field, between the Presbyterian church\\nand Park-place, then called the old Iron Works.\\nGen. Rahl. who commanded the Hessians, and had his head-\\nquarters at the house of .Stacy Potts, opposite Perry-st.. on the west\\nside of Warren, (occupied for many years as a tavern.) was mor-\\ntally wounded early in the engagement, being shot from his horse\\nwhile exerting himself to form his dismayed and disordered troops.\\nbut where or by whom is not at present known by the writer. He\\nhas heard several statements on these subjects, but no two of them\\nagree. When, supported by a rile of sergeants, he presented his\\nsword to Gen. Washington, (whose countenance beamed with com-\\nplacency at the success of the day.) he was pale, bleeding, and\\ncovered with blood and. in broken accents, he seemed to implore\\nthose attentions which the victor was well-disposed to bestow upon\\nhim. He was taken to his head-quarters. (Stacy Potts where he\\ndied of his wounds.\\nThe number of prisoners was 23 officers and SS6 private? 4\\nstand of colors. 12 drums. 6 brass field-pieces, and 1,000 stand of\\narms and accoutrements, were the trophies of victory. The Brit-\\nish lighthorse. and 400 or 500 Hessians, escaped at the beginning\\nof the battle, over the bridge across the Assunpink. at Trent s Mills,\\nand fled to Bordentown. If Gen. Ewing. whose division of the\\narmy was opposite Trenton, had been able to cross the Delaware\\nas contemplated, and take possession of the bridge on the Ass\\npink, all the enemy that were in Trenton would have been cap-\\ntured but there was so much ice on the shores of the river, that\\nit was impossible to get the artillery over. The Hessians lost 7\\nofficers, and 20 or 30 men killed 24 of these were buried in one\\npit. in the Presbyterian burying-ground. by the American troops.t\\nImmediately after the victory, which greatly revived the droop-\\ning spirits of the army, Gen. Washington commenced marching\\nA daughter of Mr. Stacy Potts was this morning at Miss Coxe s, opposite the Epis-\\ncopal church, when the firing commenced and as she was running to her father s house\\na musket-ball struck her comb from her head, and slightly injured her head.\\nS its :er this battle, several skeletons and coffins were discovered, where the\\nof the river washed the bank, at the southwest part of the town and many per-\\nsons supposed that the Hessians killed in this engagement were buried there. But it is\\nascertained that the place mentioned was the ground where the soldiers and others, who\\nin the barracks and hospital at Whitehall, were buried.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0304.jp2"}, "305": {"fulltext": "MERCER COUXTY. 299\\nhis prisoners up to the eight-mile (or McKonkey s) fern* and be-\\nfore night, all were safely landed on the western shore of the Dela-\\nware. But Mr. Muirheid (mentioned above) said that Gen. W.\\nwould not suffer a man to cross, more than was necessary, until all\\nthe prisoners were over. The Americans lost 2 privates killed, and\\n2 were frozen to death. The late Mr. Richard Scudder informed\\nthe writer, that the night after the taking of the Hessians, sev-\\neral of the American soldiers, worn down and poorly clad, and\\nhaving suffered much from the cold, stayed at his father s house,\\nwhich is about 2 miles below the ferry that several of them were\\nvery sick in the night, and that two or three died. Might not these\\nhave been the persons referred to in history as having frozen to\\ndeath?\\nThe next day, the British that were at Princeton marched on to\\nTrenton in pursuit of the American army, and went up the Scotch\\nroad as far as Mr. Benjamin Clark s, now Edward S. Mcllvain s,\\nEsq., and inquired which route Gen. Washington had taken and\\nbeing informed that he had gone with his prisoners up the River\\nroad, they compelled their son, John Clark, a lad of 12 years, to\\nguide them across to Birmingham (some of the American soldiers\\nwere at this time in Clark s house.) His mother, with true Spartan\\ncourage, unwilling to trust her son with the enemy, pursued the\\nBritish and got him released. Soon after, the British, finding Wash-\\nington had crossed the Delaware, returned to Princeton.\\nBATTLE OF ASSUXPINK.\\nIt has been a matter of surprise to many, that the Battle of As-\\nsunpink. or Trenton bridge, should be passed over so lightly by most\\nhistorians of the revolution. On the result of this action, appa-\\nrently, in a great degree, was suspended the fate of American in-\\ndependence. It is probable that more than twice the number of\\nBritish troops were killed, than either at the battles of Trenton or\\nPrinceton. The first account of the action, here given, is from an\\nofficer present in the engagement. It was published in the Con-\\nnecticut Journal, Jan. 22d, 1777.\\nImmediately after the taking of the Hessians at Trenton, on the 26th ult.,\\nour army retreated over the Delaware, and remained there for several days,\\nand then returned and took possession of Trenton, where they remained\\nquiet until Thursday, the 2d inst. at which time, the enemy having col-\\nlected a large force at Princeton, marched down in a body of 4,000 or 5,000,\\nto attack our people at Trenton. Through Trenton there runs a small riv-\\ner, over which there is a small bridge. Gen. Washington, aware of the\\nenemy s approach, drew his army (about equal to the enemy) over that\\nbridge, in order to have the advantage of the said river, and of the higher\\nground on the farther side. Not long before sunset, the enemy marched\\ninto Trenton and after reconnoitering our situation, drew up in solid column\\nin order to force the aforesaid bridge, which they attempted to do with great\\nvigor at three several times, and were as often broken by our artillery and\\nobliged to retreat and give over the attempt, after suffering great loss, sup-", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0305.jp2"}, "306": {"fulltext": "300 MERCER COUNTY.\\nposed at least one hundred and fifty killed. By this time, night came on, and\\nGen. Washington ordered fires to be kindled and everything disposed of for the\\nnight. But after all was quiet he ordered a silent retreat, drew off his army\\nto the right, marched all night in a round-about road, and next morning ar-\\nrived with his army at Princeton. All this was done without any know-\\nledge of the enemy, who, in the morning, were in the utmost confusion, not\\nknowing which way our army had gone until the firing at Princeton gave\\nthem information.\\nThe following account of the battle of Assunpink is given as re-\\nlated by an eye-witness, and published in the Princeton Whig, Nov.\\n4th, 1842.\\nWhen the army under Washington, in the year 76, retreated over the\\nDelaware, I was with them. At that time there remained in Jersey only a\\nsmall company of riflemen, hiding themselves between New Brunswick and\\nPrinceton. Doubtless, when Washington reached the Pennsylvania side of\\nthe river, he expected to be so reinforced as to enable him effectually to pre-\\nvent the British from reaching Philadelphia. But in this he was disappoint-\\ned. Finding that he must achieve victory with what men he had, and so\\nrestore confidence to his countrymen, it was then that the daring plan was\\nlaid to recross the river, break the enemy s line of communication, threaten\\ntheir depot at New Brunswick, and thus prevent their advancing to Phila-\\ndelphia which was only delayed until the river should be bridged by the\\nice. But Washington anticipated them. I was not with the troops who\\ncrossed to the capture of the Hessians. It was in the midst of a December\\nstorm, that I helped to re-establish the troops and prisoners on the Pennsyl-\\nvania shore. The weather cleared cold, and in a few days we crossed on\\nthe ice to Trenton. Shortly afterward a thaw commenced which rendered\\nthe river impassable, and consequently the situation of the army extremely\\ncritical.\\nIn the morning of the day on which the battle of the Assunpink was\\nfought, I, with several others, was detached under the command of Capt.\\nLongstreet, with orders to collect as many men as we could in the country\\nbetween Princeton, Cranbury, and Rhode Hall, and then unite ourselves\\nwith the company of riflemen who had remained in that neighborhood. We\\nleft Trenton by the nearest road to Princeton, and advanced nearly to the\\nShabbaeonk, (a small brook near Trenton,) when we were met by a little\\nnegro on horseback, galloping down the hill, who called to us that the\\nBritish army was before us. One of our party ran a little way up the hill,\\nand jumped upon the fence, from whence he beheld the British army, within\\nless than half a mile of us. And now commenced a race for Trenton. We\\nfortunately escaped capture yet the enemy were so near, that before we\\ncrossed the bridge over the Assunpink, some of our troops on the Trenton\\nside of the creek, with a field-piece, motioned to us to get out of the street\\nwhile they fired at the British at the upper end of it. Not being on duty,\\nwe had nothing to do but choose our position and view the battle.\\nWashington s army was drawn up on the east side of the Assunpink, with\\nits left on the Delaware river, and its right extending a considerable way up\\nthe mill-pond, along the face of the hill where the factories now stand. The\\ntroops were placed one above the other, so that they appeared to cover the\\nwhole slope from bottom to top, which brought a great many muskets within\\nshot of the bridge. Within 70 or 80 yards of the bridge, and directly in", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0306.jp2"}, "307": {"fulltext": "MERCER COUNTY. 301\\nfront of, and in the road, as many pieces of artillery as could be managed\\nwere stationed. We took our station on the high ground behind the right,\\nwhere we had a fair view of our line, as far as the curve of the hill would\\npermit, the bridge and street beyond being in full view. The British did\\nnot delay the attack. They were formed in two columns, the one marching\\ndown Green-street to carry the bridge, and the other down Main-street to\\nford the creek, near where the lower bridge now stands. From the nature\\nof the ground, and being on the left, this attack (simultaneous with the one\\non the bridge) I was not able to see. It was repelled and eye-witnesses\\nsay that the creek was nearly filled with their dead. The other column\\nmoved slowly down the street, with their choicest troops in front. When\\nwithin about 60 yards of the bridge they raised a shout, and rushed to the\\ncharge. It was then that our men poured upon them from musketry and\\nartillery a shower of bullets, under which however they continued to ad-\\nvance, though their speed was diminished and as the column reached the\\nbridge, it moved slower and slower until the head of it was gradually pressed\\nnearly over, when our fire became so destructive that they broke their ranks\\nand fled. It was then that our army raised a shout, and such a shout I have\\nnever since heard by what signal or word of command, I know not. The\\nline was more than a mile in length, and from the nature of the ground the\\nextremes were not in sight of each other, yet they shouted as one man. The\\nBritish column halted instantly the officers restored the ranks, and again\\nthey rushed to the bridge and again was the shower of bullets poured upon\\nthem with redoubled fury. This time the column broke before it reached\\nthe centre of the bridge, and their retreat was again followed by the same\\nhearty shout from our line. They returned the third time to the charge,\\nbut it was in vain. We shouted after them again, but they had enough of\\nit. It is strange that no account of the loss of the English was ever pub-\\nlished but from what I saw, it must have been great.\\nThe readers of Marshall s Life of Washington will remember the\\npeculiar and cordial welcome of the Father of his country at Tren-\\nton, 12 years after his memorable achievements there, while on his\\nway from Mt. Vernon to the inauguration in New York. In addi-\\ntion to the usual martial display, the ladies of the place erected a\\nrich rural arch over the Assunpink, with appropriate devices, and\\nbearing this inscription\\nThe Defender of the Mothers\\nwill be the\\nProtector of the Daughters.\\nThe General was met here by a company of matrons leading:\\ntheir daughters dressed in white, with baskets of flowers, and sing-\\ning these lines, written for the occasion by Gov. Howell\\nVirgins fair and matrons grave,\\nThose thy conquering arms did save,\\nWelcome, mighty Chief, once more,\\nWelcome to this grateful shore\\nNow no mercenary foe\\nAims again the fatal blow,\\nAims at thee the fatal blow.\\nBuild for thee triumphal bowers\\nStrew, ye fair, his way with flowers,\\nStrew your Hero s way with flowers\\nand at the last line the flowers were strewed before him. On pass-\\ning the arch, as the choir began the song, the general turned his\\nhorse s head toward them, took off his hat, and listened, it is said,", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0307.jp2"}, "308": {"fulltext": "302 MERCER COUNTY.\\nwith the deepest emotion. After receiving the salutations of the\\ncitizens, he handed the following note to the Rev. J. F. Armstrong\\nfor the publication of which we are indebted to the Trenton State\\nGazette.\\nGeneral Washington cannot leave this place without expressing his acknowledg-\\nment to the matrons and young ladies who received him in so novel and grateful a man-\\nner at the triumphal arch in Trenton, and for the exquisite sensation he experienced in that\\naffecting moment. The astonishing contrast between his former and actual situation at\\nthe same spot, the elegant taste with which it was adorned for the present occasion, and\\nthe innocent appearance of the white-robed choir who met him with the gratulatory song,\\nhave made such impressions upon his remembrance as, he assures them, will never.be\\neffaced.\\nTrenton, April 21st, 1789.\\nThis note, brief and graceful, depicting most vividly the whole\\nscene and its impressions, was read to the ladies of Trenton, called\\ntogether for the purpose, at the house of Judge Smith. It was then\\ndeposited in the hands of Mrs. Smith. At the death of the Judge\\nit passed into the hands of his adopted daughter, Miss Lydia lmlay,\\nwho preserved it with the care due to its origin and associations,\\nuntil shortly before her death, when she gave it, as a valued lega-\\ncy, to the late Chief-justice Ewing. By his care it was placed in\\na handsome frame, and it is now preserved by his family as a most\\nprecious relic.\\nThe arch was preserved on the premises of the Misses Barnes, in\\nWarren-st., near the Episcopal church, until 1824, when it was\\nplaced in front of the state-house to grace the reception of Gen.\\nLafayette, on his way to the assembly-room, where he was ad-\\ndressed by the mayor, Robert McNeely, Esq., and exchanged con-\\ngratulations with the citizens. The remains of the arch are now\\nin the possession of Dr. Francis A. Ewing, of this city. Mr. Ben-\\njamin A. Disbrow has made several elegant boxes and other small\\narticles, which are inlaid from a part of the wood of the arch.\\nThe following inscriptions are copied from monuments in the\\nPresbyterian and Episcopal graveyards\\nIn memory of the Rev. David Cowell, born in Dorchester, (Massachusetts,) 1704;\\ngraduated in Harvard College, Cambridge, N. E., 1732; ordained at Trenton, 1736\\ndied the 1st December, setatis 56, 1760. A man of penetrating wit, solid judgment,\\nstrong memory, yet of great modesty, piety, and benevolence.\\nBeneath this stone lies the body of the Rev. Elihu Spencer, D. D., pastor of the\\nPresbyterian church in Trenton, and one of the trustees of the College of New Jersey,\\nwho departed this life on the 27th of Dec, 1784, in the 64th year of his age. Possessed\\nof fine genius, of great vivacity, and of eminent and active piety, his merits as a minis-\\nter, and as a man, stand above the reach of flattery. Having long edified the church by\\nhis talents and example, and finished his course with joy, he fell asleep full of faith, and\\nwaiting for the hope of all saints.\\nSacred to the memory of the Rev. James Francis Armstrong, 30 years pastor of the\\nchurch at Trenton, in union with the church at Maidenhead. Born in Maryland, of\\npious parents, he received the elements of his classical education under the Rev. John\\nBlair, finished his collegiate studies in the College of New Jersey, under the Rev. Dr.\\nWitherspoon, and was licensed to preach the gospel in the year 1777. An ardent patriot,\\nhe served through the War of Independence as chaplain. In 1790, he was chosen a\\ntrustee of the College of New Jersey. A warm and constant friend, a devout Christian,", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0308.jp2"}, "309": {"fulltext": "MERCER COUNTY. 303\\na tender husband and parent, steady in his attendance on the judicatories of the church.\\nThroughout life, he was distinguished as a fervent and affectionate minister of the gos.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0pel, and resigned his soul to his Creator and Redeemer, on the 19th of January, 1816.\\nBlessed are the dead who die in the Lord. Amen even so come, Lord Jesus.\\nSacred to the memory of Gen. John Beatty, bom Dec. 10th, 1749, died May 30th,\\n1826. Educated as a physician, he early became distinguished for benevolence, assi-\\nduity, and skill. In the War of Independence, in important military stations, he faith-\\nfully served his country. By the public voice, he was called to the discharge of eminent\\ncivil offices. In the state and national legislature repeatedly a representative, and al-\\nways active and influential. For many years, a ruling elder of this church. In every\\nwalk of life, amiable, honorable, and useful. He crowned the virtues of the man, the\\npatriotism of the soldier, and the sagacity of the statesman, by the pure piety and sin-\\ncere religion of the devout and humble Christian.\\nUnder this marble rest the mortal remains of Charles Ewing, LL. D., Chief-justice\\nof the state of New Jersey. In intellect, vigorous and discriminating in industry, as-\\nsiduous and persevering in integrity, pure and incorruptible in manners, affable, dig-\\nnified, and polished in morals, spotless. A profound jurist and upright magistrate an\\naccomplished scholar and patron of literature and science the advocate and supporter\\nof benevolent institutions, he won, in an eminent degree, the respect, love, and confidence\\nof his fellow-citizens. Happy in his domestic relations, home was the theatre of his\\nmost endearing virtues, and the sphere in which he loved to move. He reverenced the\\ndoctrines, and practised the precepts of the Christian religion. In the vigor of his men-\\ntal and bodily powers, surrounded by blessings, cheered by the approbation of his fellow-\\nmen, with an extended prospect of service and usefulness before him, he was attacked\\nwith a violent disease, which suddenly terminated his life on the 5th day of August, A. D.\\n1832, in the 53d year of his age.\\nThis stone covers the remains of Dr. Nicholas Belleville, born and educated in\\nFrance. For 50 years, an inhabitant of this city. A patriot, warmly attached to the\\nprinciples of liberty a physician, eminently learned and successful a man of scrupu-\\nlous and unblemished integrity. On the 17th day of Dec, 1831, at the age of 79 years r\\nhe closed a life of honor and usefulness, by all respected, esteemed, and lamented.\\nSacred to the memory of the Hon. David Brearly, Lieutenant-colonel in the army of\\nthe United States, a member of the state and federal conventions, nine years Chief-jus-\\ntice of New Jersey. As a soldier, he was cool, determined, and brave as a judge, in-\\ntelligent and upright as a citizen, an early, decided, and faithful patriot in private and\\nsocial life, irreproachable. He died much regretted 16th Aug., 1790, in the 45th year of\\nhis age.\\nIn memory of the Rev. William Frazer, of St. Michael s church, Trenton, and St.\\nAndrew s, Amwell, who departed this life the 6th day of July, 1795, aged 52 years. If\\ngentle and inoffensive manners, benevolence, and meekness, can secure the good-will of\\nman, as certainly as sincere piety will recommend to the favor of God, then has Frazer\\njoined the inhabitants of heaven, and not left an enemy on earth.\\nIn memory of Henry Waddell, D. D., rector of St. Michael s church, Trenton, who\\ndeparted this life 20th Jan., 1811, in the 66th year of his age. A faithful and affection-\\nate pastor, a sincere and zealous Christian, an amiable and honest man his body is bu-\\nried in peace, but his soul shall live for evermore.\\nSacred to the memory of Gen. Jonathan Rhea, who died Feb. 3d, 1815, aged 56 years,\\n10 mo., 22 days. Early distinguished as a firm defender of his country, in our former\\neventful contest with Great Britain, Gen. Rhea at an early age embarked in the military\\nservice of the United States, and served with zeal and fidelity during the whole revolu-\\ntionary war, as an officer in the New Jersey line of the continental army. At the return\\nof peace, he practised many years at the bar of this state, where his integrity and sound\\njudgment were highly esteemed and respected. To those who had the happiness of be-\\ning connected with him, by the tender ties of domestic life, he was endeared by a most\\nexemplary performance in the interesting scenes portrayed in the character of father, hus-\\nband, master, and friend. We have hope to beheve that, from the toilsome vicissitudes", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0309.jp2"}, "310": {"fulltext": "304 MIDDLESEX COUNTY.\\nof this life, he has winged his flight to enjoy, in the mansions of eternal rest, the rewards\\nprepared for the righteous.\\nHe loved his friends with such a warmth of heart,\\nSo dear of interest, so devoid of art,\\nSuch generous freedom, such unshaken zeal,\\nNo words can speak it, Dm our tongues can tell.\\nSacred to the memory of Gen. Zachariah Rossell, who was born in Mount Holly,\\nNov. 14th, A. D. 1788, and died in the city of Trenton, July 21st, 1842. Early distin-\\nguished by virtuous patriotism, he entered the American army at the commencement of\\nthe war with Great Britain, 1812. Having served his country gallantly and faithfully,\\nhe retired to private life when peace was declared. He was soon after elected to the of-\\nfice of clerk of the supreme court of New Jersey, the duties of which be discharged with\\nsingular fidelity till his death. The steadfast friend to the unfortunate, the benevolent\\nand enterprising citizen, the affectionate husband and fond parent, none have lived more\\nrespected, or died more lamented. So teach us to number our days that we may ap-\\nply our hearts to wisdom.\\nWEST WINDSOR.\\nWest Windsor is 9 m. long, with an average breadth of 5 m.\\nbounded NW. by Princeton, NE. by South Brunswick, Middlesex\\nco., SE. by East Windsor, and W. by Hamilton and Lawrence.\\nThe railroad from Jersey City to Camden, and the Delaware and\\nRaritan canal, pass through the northern part of the township. Its\\nsurface is generally level, soil well cultivated, and produces abun-\\ndantly grain and grass. It has 2 grist-m., 1 saw-m. cap. in manu-\\nfac. $6,620 3 schools, 87 scholars. Pop. 1,536.\\nEdinburg, Williamsburg, Clarks Store, and Dutch Neck, are\\nlocalities in the township at the latter is a Presbyterian church.\\nMIDDLESEX COUNTY.\\nMiddlesex county was first formed in 1682, since which its boun-\\ndaries have undergone considerable alteration. It is about 24 miles\\nlong, 12 broad, and is bounded N. by Essex co. E. by Staten Isl-\\nand sound and Raritan bay SE. by Monmouth co. SW. by\\nMercer co., and W. by Somerset co. It is watered by Raritan river\\nand its tributaries. The surface is level, and the soil varies from\\nlight sand to heavy clay, and in many places is susceptible of the\\nhighest cultivation. Lime has been advantageously used as a ma-\\nnure within the last five years. Large quantities of pine and oak\\nwood have been cut and transported to the New York market from\\nthe SE. part of the county. The railroad from Jersey City to Bor-\\ndentown, and the Camden and Amboy railroad, pass through the\\ncounty the Delaware and Raritan canal commences in the coun", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0310.jp2"}, "311": {"fulltext": "MIDDLESEX COUNTY.\\n305\\nty, and leaves it on the western boundary. It is divided into seven\\ntownships, viz\\nPerth Amboy, North Brunswick, Monroe, Wsodbridge,\\nSouth Amboy, South Brunswick, Piscataway.\\nThe population in 1840, was 21,894.\\nPERTH AMBOY.\\nPerth Amboy township and city is situated at the head of Raritan\\nbay, at the confluence of Raritan river and Staten Island sound.\\nThe township comprises 2,577 acres of land. Population 1,303.\\nThe city was incorporated under the proprietary and royal govern-\\nments its present charter, embracing the provisions of the prior\\nones, was granted in 1784.\\nView of Perth Amboy from Staten Island.\\nThe above is an eastern view of Perth Amboy City, as seen from\\nStaten Island. The Presbyterian church and the Academy appear\\non the left, and the Baptist church on the right of the engraving.\\nThe Episcopal church, a brick structure, is beautifully situated on\\nthe bank rising from the bay, in the southern part of the place\\nthe Methodist church is in the northern part. There are in the place\\nu male academy, in high repute; a large lock-factory, a stone ware\\npottery, and a fire-brick manufactory the Lehigh Coal company\\nhave an extensive depot for coal. The city or village consists of\\nabout 140 dwellings, situated 14 miles from Sandy Hook, 25 from\\nNew York, 10 from New Brunswick, and 30 from Trenton. The\\nport or harbor is considered one of the best on the continent, and is\\neasily approached from the sea. Perth Amboy City is a port ot\\nentry, and its collection district comprehends all that part of East\\nNew Jersey south of Elizabethtown, excepting the district of Little\\n39", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0311.jp2"}, "312": {"fulltext": "306 MIDDLESEX COUNTY.\\nEgg Harbor New Brunswick and Middletown Point are ports of\\ndelivery only.\\nThe favorable site of Perth Amboy for a town was early noticed\\nby the agents of the East Jersey proprietors. The proprietors state\\nin their published account, that it is their intention, if the Lord\\npermit, with all convenient speed to erect and build one principal\\ntown, which, by reason of situation, must in all probability be the\\nmost considerable for merchandise, trade, and fishing in those parts.\\nIt is designed to be placed on a neck or point of rich land called\\nAivho Point, lying on Raritan river, and pointing to Sandy Hook\\nbay, and near adjacent to the place where ships in that great har-\\nbor commonly ride at anchor. They follow up their description\\nwith their proposals for building the town, commencing with an as-\\nsertion that Ambo Point is a sweet, wholesome and delightful place.\\nThe selection of the site for a town was probably the work of Gov. Carteret. The\\nspot was reserved by him for the proprietors on granting the lands to the Woodbridge as-\\nsociates in 1669, in lieu of the seventh part of each tract, which according to the con-\\ncession was to be allotted to them This point, when first men-\\ntioned in the East Jersey records, bears the name of Ompoge, probably a generic appel-\\nlation and we are warranted in believing Ambo, by which it was designated at the\\ntime of settlement, to be a corruption of the first. It was the intention of the proprietors\\nto have called their town Perth, in compliment to the Earl of Perth, one of their asso-\\nciates, and it was so called for some time, but from speaking of the location, and using\\nthe Indian word Ambo, (gradually corrupted to Amboy,) instead of the English one,\\nPoint, Perth Amboy became at last the name of the place.\\nThe Point at this period must have been truly beautiful. The grass is represented\\nas growing luxuriantly, the forest trees as distributed in groups, diversifying the land\\nscape with light and shade, and all nature wearing the fresh aspect of a new creation.\\nWilliam Penn, on taking a view of the land, said he had never seen such before in his\\nlife. In the proprietors proposals for building the town, they state their intention, by\\nGod s assistance, to erect each a house upon the Point, which they promised should\\nstand in an orderly manner, according to the best and most convenient model. Sam-\\nuel Groome, one of the proprietaries and surveyor-general, made an examination of the\\nharbor, and sounded the channel all the way to Sandy Hook, finding in no place, he\\nsays in his report, less than three fathom at high water, in ordinary tides four or five\\nor six fathom, except in one place. He laid out the contemplated city into one hundred\\nand fifty lots, sent home a draught of it, and indulged in many pleasing anticipations of\\nthe growth and prosperity of the place, which he did not live to realize, as he died in\\n1683, leaving on the stocks unfinished the first vessel of any size built in East Jersey.\\nIn a letter of Groome s, dated August, 1683, we are told that three of the proprietors\\nhouses were completed, and others ready to go up they were ten feet betwixt joint and\\njoint, having a double chimney made of sticks and clay. He complains that workmen\\nare scarce, and many of them are base. The proprietors gave particular direction that\\nthe houses should not be crowded upon one another, which is supposed to be the reason\\nwhy we find them so scattered at the present day.\\nThe growth of Amboy, although perhaps not rapid, was very\\nconsiderable under the fostering care of the proprietors. They di-\\nrected the deputy-governor to reside in the place, establish courts,\\nc. in 1684, making it the seat of government. On the 2d of Jan.\\n1683, they say, in their instructions to Lawrie, It is not to be for-\\ngotten that, as soon as can be, weekly markets and fairs at fit sea-\\nsons be appointed at Perth-town and accordingly, at the first\\nsession of the assembly at Amboy, in 1686, Wednesday in each week\\nwas made the market-day, and two fairs annually were appointed\\nto be held. Notwithstanding the efforts of the proprietors to pre-", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0312.jp2"}, "313": {"fulltext": "MIDDLESEX COUNTY. 307\\nvent it, New York, by her superior location, was enabled to over-\\nshadow her sister, New Perth, in commercial importance. Being\\nthe seat of government, however, some considerable foreign com-\\nmerce continued to be carried on till the revolution.\\nThe change of the proprietary to the royal government of the\\nprovince, appears to have had but little effect upon Amboy. It\\ncontinued to send two members to the general assembly, in addi-\\ntion to those from the county, as it had done under the proprietors,\\nand shared with Burlington the meetings of the assembly and the\\npresence of the chief officers. Each governor, on his arrival, would\\nmarch in procession to the courthouse, and, in the presence of the\\nassembled people, proclaim his commission from the sovereign of\\nEngland, receive the congratulations of the authorities, c.\\nThe first city charter was obtained in August, 1718, during the\\nadministration of Gov. Robert Hunter, William Eier being ap-\\npointed Mayor, and Jas. Alexander, (the father of Lord Stirling,\\nan officer in the revolution,) Recorder, until an election should be\\nheld. Previous to that time no local government, save the Courts\\nof Common Right, as they were called, seems to have existed.\\nThe Church of England was the first established here. The proprietors, by a reso-\\nlution passed 21st Feb. 1698, ordered one of their houses, built in 1685, (one stone of\\nwhich, bearing the date, is inserted in the rear wall of the present St. Peter s church,)\\ntogether with the lot on which it stood, a short distance south of the entrance to the\\nproperty of Andrew Bell, Esq., to be given for the use of a church, the first minister of\\nwhich was the Rev. Edward Perthuck, sent over to the province at that time by the\\nBishop of London, at the solicitation of the proprietors. How long Mr. Perthuck re-\\nmained here is not known. After his retirement, the congregation was visited from time\\nto time by different missionaries and among them, Humphries (in his Hist. Acct. of\\nthe Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts mentions the Rev.\\nMr. Brook. This energetic clergyman was stationed at Elizabethtown, but extended\\nhis labors over a section of country more than 50 miles in extent, preaching at Eliza-\\nbethtown, Rahway, Amboy, Cheesequakes, Piscataway, Rocky Hill, and expounding\\nand catechising 14 times a month besides. His labors were highly beneficial, but, it is\\nsupposed, occasioned his death in the midst of his arduous duties. He received from the\\nsociety .\u00c2\u00a360 per annum.\\nThe Rev. Mr. Halliday was established here from 1711 to 1719, when again mis-\\nsionaries officiated until 1723, during which year the Rev. Win. Skinner became the rec-\\ntor of the church, and so continued until his death in 1758. It was not until after Mr.\\nSkinner s arrival that the present church edifice was fully completed in its original form\\nand size. The collection of materials had commenced as early as 1705 and in 1718,\\nthe congregation received a charter from the king, by his representative, Gov. Hunter.\\nAlthough during the revolution the church was turned into a stable, and the premises\\ndesecrated in every possible way, by the British troops, yet the records were saved.\\nThe burial-place now attached to the Presbyterian church, was\\nset apart originally as a public ground forever and the first inti-\\nmation of a Presbyterian congregation is in a petition to the proprie-\\ntors from sundry individuals, in July, 1731, stating that their parents,\\nwives, or children, had been buried in the ground mentioned, and\\npraying that it might be transferred to them to erect a meeting-\\nhouse thereon. Permission having been obtained, it is supposed a\\nhouse of worship was erected soon after, which was standing just\\nprevious to the revolution, in a very dilapidated state. We have\\nnot been able to ascertain who were the first settled ministers.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0313.jp2"}, "314": {"fulltext": "308 MIDDLESEX COUNTY.\\nThe Courthouse Market, the present Sunday-school of St. Peter s\\nchurch, (formerly the office of the secretary of the province,) the\\nbarracks, and many private houses, are still abiding witnesses of\\nroyal authority and munificence. The barracks were built in 1758\\nand 59, and were first occupied, it is thought, by the troops return-\\ning from the siege of Havana, in 1761. A regiment of British\\ntroops were generally stationed here. Perth Amboy was the resi-\\ndence of Gov. Franklin, who was made prisoner by the Rebels,\\nso called, and sent to Connecticut for safe-keeping. William Dun-\\nlap, Esq., a painter and author of some celebrity, was a native of\\nthis place. The following graphic description relative to olden\\ntimes, is taken from his own memoirs in his History of the Arts\\nof Design\\nI was born in the city of Perth Amboy and province of New Jersey. My father,\\nSamuel Dunlap, was a native of the north of Ireland, and son of a merchant of Lon-\\ndonderry. In early youth he was devoted to the army, and bore the colors of the 47th\\nregiment, Wolfe s own, on the plains of Abraham. He was borne wounded from the\\nfield on which his commander triumphed and died. After the French war, Samuel Dun-\\nlap, then a lieutenant in the 47th regiment, and stationed at Perth Amboy, married Mar-\\ngaret Sargent, of that place, and retired from the profession of a soldier, to the quiet of\\na country town and country store. The 19th of Feb., 1766, is registered as the date of\\nmy birth, and being an only child, the anniversary of the important day was duly cele-\\nbrated by my indulgent parents. Education I had none, according to the usual accepta-\\ntion of the word, owing to circumstances to be mentioned and much of what is to the\\nchild most essential education, was essentially bad. Holding negroes in slavery was,\\nin those days, the common practice, and the voices of those who protested against the\\nevil were not heard. Every house in my native place where any servants were to be\\nseen, swarmed with black slaves every house save one, hereafter to be mentioned. My\\nfather s kitchen had several families of them, of all ages, and all born in the family of\\nmy mother except one, who was called a new negro, and had his face tattooed his lan-\\nguage was scarcely intelligible, though he had been long in the country, and was an old\\nman. These blacks indulged me of course, and I sought the kitchen as the place where\\nI found playmates, (being an only child,) and the place where I found amusement suit-\\ned to, and forming my taste, in the mirth and games of the negroes, and the variety of\\nvisitors of the black race who frequented the place. This may be considered as my first\\nschool. Such is the school of many a one even now, in those states where the evil of\\nslavery continues. The infant is taught to tyrannize the boy is taught to despise la-\\nbor the mind of the child is contaminated by hearing and seeing that which, perhaps,\\nis not understood at the time, but remains with the memory. This medley of kitchen\\nassociates was increased during a part of the war of our revolution by soldiers, who\\nfound their mess-fare improved by visiting the negroes, and by servants of officers bil-\\nleted on the house.\\nPerth Amboy being now in the possession of the British, my father returned with hia\\nfamily to his house, and I saw in my native town, particularly after the affairs of Prince-\\nton and Trenton, all the varieties and abominations of a crowded camp and garrison.\\nAn army who had so recently passed in triumph from the sea to the banks of the Dela-\\nware, and chosen their winter-quarters at their pleasure, were now driven in, and crowd-\\ned upon a point of land washed by the Atlantic, and defended by the guns of the ships\\nwhich had borne them to the shore as the chastisers of rebellion.\\nI have elsewhere compared the scenes I now witnessed, to the dramatic scenes of\\nWallenstein s Lager. Here were centred, in addition to those cantoned at the place,\\nall those drawn in from the Delaware, Princeton and Brunswick and the flower and\\npick of the army, English, Scotch, and German, who had at this time been brought in\\nfrom Rhode Island. Here was to be seen a party of the 42d Highlanders, in national\\ncostume, and there a regiment of Hessians, their dress and arms a perfect contrast to the\\nfirst. The slaves of Anspach and Waldeck were there the first sombre as night, the\\nsecond gaudy as noon. Here dashed by a party of the 17th dragoons, and there scamp-\\nered a party of Yagers. The trim, neat, and graceful English grenadier, the careless", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0314.jp2"}, "315": {"fulltext": "MIDDLESEX COUNTY- 309\\nand half-savage Highlander, with his flowing robes and naked knees, and the immovably\\nstiff German, could hardly be taken for parts of one army. Here might be seen soldiers\\ndriving in cattle, and others guarding wagons loaded with household furniture, instead\\nof the hay and oats they had been sent for.\\nThe landing of the grenadiers and light-infantry from the ships which transported the\\ntroops from Rhode Island their proud march into the hostile neighborhood, to gather the\\nproduce of the farmer for the garrison the sound of the musketry, which soon rolled\\nback upon us the return of the disabled veterans who could retrace their steps and\\nthe heavy march of the discomfited troops, with their wagons of groaning wounded, in\\nthe evening, are all impressed on my mind as pictures of the evils and the soul-stirring\\nscenes of war.\\nThese lessons, and others more disgusting the flogging of English heroes, and thump,\\ning and caning of German the brutal licentiousness, which even my tender years could\\nnot avoid seeing in all around, and the increased disorders among my father s negroes,\\nfrom mingling with the servants of officers, were my sources of instruction in the win-\\nter of 1776-7.\\nThe following inscriptions are from monuments in the graveyard\\nof St. Peter s church\\nSub spe beatae resurrectionis hie reponitur quod in THOMA GORDON mortale reper-\\ntum est qui familia prisca de Pitlurgi in Scotia ortus prosapia si fas esset potuit gloriari\\ntamen illi non defuit quo jure gloriaretur nam a secretis hujus provincial reipublicae\\nemolumentum ex animo respiciens senatui quoad potuit optime consuluit bonis gratus\\nnecessariis charus numinis eterni verus cultor vixit volens et decessit lubens 28 avo Die\\nAprilis Anno Domini 1722 do aetatis vero 70 in memoriam cujus uxor mosrens quas hie\\netiam condi expetit hoc qualecunque poni curavit vixit dum voluit dum fata volebant sic\\nnee vita gravis mors nee acerba fuit.\\nIn memory of the Rev. Robert McKean, M. A., practitioner in physic, c, and mis-\\nsionary from the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, to the city\\nof Perth Amboy, who was born July 13th, 1732, N. S., and died October 17th, 1767.\\nAn unshaken friend, an agreeable companion, a rational divine, a skilful physician, and,\\nin every relation of life, a truly benevolent and honest man. Fraternal love hath erected\\nthis monument.\\nSOUTH AMBOY.\\nSouth Amboy is about 10 miles long, 6 wide and is bounded N.\\nby Raritan river, NE. by Raritan bay, SE. by Freehold and Mid-\\ndletown, (Monmouth county,) SW. by Monroe, and W. by North\\nBrunswick. Its surface is level, soil sandy, and a portion of the face\\nof the country covered with pine and oak timber. The chief source\\nof wealth to the township has been its wood. There are in the\\ntownship 1 pottery, 1 paper-factory, 1 grist-m., 1 saw-m. cap. in\\nmanufac. $24,100 6 schools, 198 scholars. Pop. 1,825.\\nThe village of South Amboy, on a safe and deep harbor on Rar-\\nitan bay, at the mouth of Raritan river, 12 miles below New\\nBrunswick, contains an academy, and about 25 dwellings. The\\nCamden and Amboy railroad terminates at this place. Stone-ware\\nis extensively made, near the village, from clay of a superior qual-\\nity, found in the vicinity. Old Bridge, on the South river, a branch\\nof the Raritan, and on the line of the Camden and Amboy railroad,\\n7 miles SW. of South Amboy, contains about 35 dwellings. Large\\nquantities of pine and oak wood are sent to New York from here.\\nAt the head of Cheesequake creek is Jacksonville, where there is a\\nBaptist and a Methodist church, and about 15 dwellings.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0315.jp2"}, "316": {"fulltext": "310 MIDDLESEX COUNTY.\\nNORTH BRUNSWICK.\\nNorth Brunswick is about 8 miles long, 7 broad bounded N. by\\nRaritan river, (separating it from Piscataway,) E. by South Amboy,\\nS. by South Brunswick and Monroe, and W. by Franklin, (Somer-\\nset co.) The township contains 79 stores, 1 flouring-m., 2 grist-m.,\\n1 saw-m. cap. in manufac. $103,600; 18 schools, 686 scholars.\\nPop. 5,860.\\nWashington is a village, 4 miles SE. of New Brunswick, at the\\nconfluence of the South river with the Raritan. It contains about\\n50 dwellings, and in summer steamers ply between there and New\\nYork, with the produce of the country.\\nNew Brunswick, city, and capital of Middlesex co., is situated on\\nthe western bank of the Raritan, about 14 miles from its mouth, at\\nAmboy, 29 miles SW. from New York, and 26 NE. from Trenton.\\nThe city was incorporated in 1784, and lies partly in North Bruns-\\nwick, and partly in Franklin, (Somerset co. Albany-st. forming\\nthe dividing line. The streets immediately on the river are narrow,\\nand the ground low but on leaving it the ground rises rapidly.\\nIn the upper part of the city they are wide, and there are many\\nfine buildings. The city contains a courthouse, jail, and 8 churches,\\nviz. 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1\\nMethodist, 1 Protestant Methodist, 1 colored Methodist, and 1 Cath-\\nolic 2 female seminaries, 1 bank 120 stores, 800 dwellings, and\\n8,693 inhabitants. The Delaware and Raritan canal commences\\nhere, extending 42 miles, to Bordentown is 75 feet wide, and 7\\nfeet deep, admitting the passage of sloops of from 75 to 150 tons\\nburden. The Delaware and Raritan Co. was incorporated in 1830,\\nand completed their canal, with a feeder along the Delaware, 23\\nmiles long, at an expense of about $2,500,000. There are two\\nbridges over the Raritan, at New Brunswick one a toll-bridge,\\nnow dilapidated, and not used, about 1,000 feet long, which was\\nbuilt by a company, in 1811, at an expense of $86,687; the other\\nthe railroad bridge, over which the New Jersey railroad passes\\nthrough the city, forming a part of the chain of railroads from New\\nYork to Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington.\\nThe annexed is an engraving of Rutgers college, at New Bruns-\\nwick. It is constructed of dark-red freestone, and was completed\\nin 1811. It stands on a commanding eminence, on a site presented\\nto the college by the Hon. James Parker, of Amboy. This institu-\\ntion was chartered by George III., in 1770, and was named Queen s\\nCollege, in honor of his consort but, for want of necessary funds,\\ndid not go into operation until 1781. It began and continued un-\\nder the instruction of tutors, and degrees were conferred by the\\nboard of trustees, until 1786, when the Rev. J. R. Hardenbergh\\nwas elected the first president. Dr. Hardenbergh died in 1790,\\nand in 1795 the college exercises were discontinued. The institu-\\ntion remained in this state until 1809, when a professor of mathe-\\nmatics and a teacher of moral philosophy were appointed, and its", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0316.jp2"}, "317": {"fulltext": "MIDDLESEX COUNTY.\\n311\\nexercises resumed. In 1810 a union was formed between the trus-\\ntees and the general synod of the Reformed Dutch church, and Dr.\\nJ. H. Livingston, professor in the Theological Seminary, was ap-\\npointed president of the college, and Dr. J. Condict vice-president.\\nRutgers College, New Brunswick.\\nThe institution, however, languished and in 1816 its regular in-\\nstructions were again suspended. During this and the former sus-\\npension, the grammar-school still continued in successful operation,\\nunder the supervision of the college trustees!\\nIn 1825, the college-edifice was purchased by the general synod,\\nand, at the request of the trustees, the legislature of the state\\nchanged the name from Queen s to Rutgers college, in honor of\\nCol. Henry Rutgers, one of its distinguished benefactors. The in-\\nstitution was now revived under the patronage of the synod, and\\nso united to their theological seminary that the professors of the\\nlatter were also professors of the former. The Rev. Philip Mille-\\ndoler, D. D., was at this time appointed president. In 1840 Dr.\\nMilledoler resigned the office of president, and was succeeded in\\nthe office, the same year, by Abraham B. Hasbrouck, LL. D.\\nAt the close (says Gordon s Gazetteer) of the 17th century, the\\nplace where the city now stands was covered with woods, and\\ncalled, after the name of its proprietor, Pn gmore s Swamp. The\\nfirst inhabitant, of whom any account is preserved, was one Daniel\\nCooper, who resided where the post-road crossed the river, and\\nkept the ferry, which afterward, in 1713, when the county line\\nwas drawn, was called Inian s Ferry. This ferry was granted by\\nthe proprietors, 2d Nov. 1697, for the lives of Inian and wife, and\\nthe survivor, at a rent of five shillings sterling per annum. One\\nof the first houses is said to be still standing, at the foot of Town-\\nlane and some other buildings, erected at an early period, may\\nbe distinguished by their antique structure, in Burnet and Albany\\nsts. The first inhabitants, of European origin, were from Long\\nIsland. About 1730, several Dutch families emigrated from Alba-\\nny, bringing with them their building materials, in imitation of\\ntheir ancestors, who imported their bricks, tiles, c., from Holland.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0317.jp2"}, "318": {"fulltext": "312 MIDDLESEX COUNTY.\\nSome of them built their houses upon the present post-road, which\\nthence acquired the name of Albany-st. though originally it was\\ncalled French-st., in honor of Philip French, Esq., who held a large\\ntract of land on the north side of it. About this time the name\\nof New Brunswick was given to the place, which had, hitherto,\\nbeen distinguished as The River.\\nKalm, the Swedish traveller, who visited this country about a\\nhundred years since, has left us in his Travels some interesting facts\\nrelating to New Brunswick. He says\\nThis morning [October 29, 1748] we proceeded on our journey [from Princeton.] The\\ncountry was pretty well peopled however, there were great woods in many places they\\nall consisted of deciduous trees, and I did not perceive a single tree of the fir kind until\\nI came to New Brunswick. The ground was level, and did not seem to be everywhere\\nof the richest kind. In some places it had hillocks, losing themselves almost impercep-\\ntibly in the plains, which were commonly crossed by a rivulet. Almost near every farm-\\nhouse were great orchards. The houses were commonly built of timber, and at some\\ndistance, by themselves, stood the ovens for baking, consisting commonly of clay.\\nOn a hill, covered with trees, and called Rock hill, I saw several pieces of stone or\\nrock, so big that they would have required three men to roll them down. But, besides\\nthese, there were few great stones in the country for most of those which we saw, could\\neasily be lifted up by a single man.\\nAbout noon, we arrived at New Brunswick, a pretty little town, in the province of\\nNew Jersey, in a valley on the west side of the river Raritan on account of its low\\nsituation it cannot be seen (coming from Pennsylvania) before you get to the top of the\\nhill, which is quite close up to it. The town extends north and south along the river.\\nThe German inhabitants have two churches, one of stone and the other of wood. The\\nEnglish church is of the latter kind but the Presbyterians were building one of stone.\\nThe town-house, likewise, makes a pretty good appearance. Some of the other houses are\\nbuilt of bricks, but most of them are cither made wholly of wood, or of bricks and wood the\\nwooden houses are not made of strong timber, but merely of boards or planks, which are\\nwithin joined by laths. Such houses as consist of both wood and bricks, have only the\\nwall toward the street of bricks, all the other sides being merely of planks. This pecu-\\nliar kind of ostentation would easily lead a traveller, who passes through the town in haste,\\nto believe that most of the houses are built of bricks. The houses were covered with\\nshingles before each door there was an elevation, to which you ascend by some steps\\nfrom the street it resembled a small balcony, and had some benches on both sides, on\\nwhich the people sat in the evening, in order to enjoy the fresh air, and to have the\\npleasure of viewing those who passed by. The town has only one street lengthwise,\\nand at its northern extremity there is a street across both of these are of a considerable\\nlength\\nOne of the streets is almost entirely inhabited by Dutchmen, who came hither from\\nAlbany, and for that reason they call it Albany-street. These Dutch people only keep com-\\npany among themselves, and seldom or never go amongst the other inhabitants, living\\nas it were separate from them.\\nThe greater part of its [New Brunswick s] trade is to New York, which is about\\n40 English miles distant to that place they send corn, flour in great quantities, bread,\\nseveral other necessaries, a great quantity of linseed, boards, timber, wooden vessels, and\\nall sorts of carpenter s work. Several small yachts are every day going backward and\\nforward between these two towns. The inhabitants likewise get a considerable profit\\nfrom the travellers who every hour pass through on the high road.\\nThe following historical items are from a map of New Bruns-\\nwick, published in 1829, by Messrs. Marcellus, Terhune, and Letson.\\nReformed Dutch Church. The present building is the third which this denomination\\nhave occupied in this city- The first was erected previous to the year 1717 how long\\nbefore, is not known. It stood on the corner of Schureman and Burnet streets, and at\\nthat date was called the church of the River and Lawrence Brook, and numbered 78", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0318.jp2"}, "319": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0319.jp2"}, "320": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0320.jp2"}, "321": {"fulltext": "MIDDLESEX COUNTY. 3 13\\nmembers. In 1720, the Rev. Theodorus Jacobus Frelinghuysen, from the classis of\\nAmsterdam, Holland, became its pastor. He was succeeded about the year 1750 by the\\nRev. Johannes Leydt, during whose ministry the second church was built, on the site\\nof the present one. Mr. Leydt died in 1783, and was followed as pastor by Dr. Harden-\\nburgh in 1786, who also died in that office in 1790, and was succeeded in office by Dr.\\nIra Condict. Dr. Condict died in 1811, and in 1812 the present church was erected.\\nSince that time it has been successively under the care of Rev. J. Schureman, 1813;\\nRev. J. Fonda, 1814; Dr. Ludlow, 1818 Rev. J. Ferris, 1821 Rev. J.B. Harbenburgh,\\n.1825. In 1828, a brick stuccoed steeple was placed on the house.\\nPresbyterian Church. This congregation occupy their second house of worship.\\nThe first was built either before or during the ministry of the Rev. Gilbert Tennent, who\\nbecame their pastor in 1726, and continued until 1740. The church stood in Burnet-\\nstreet, below Lyell s brook, and its site is at present used as a place of interment. Mr.\\nTennent was succeeded by the Rev. Thomas Arthur, and by the Rev. Israel Reed, who\\nbecame their minister sometime previous to the year 1759. Among the rest of the wan-\\nton depredations committed by the British soldiers, in the winter of 1776 and 1777, was\\nthe destruction of this church and it was not until after the war, in 1784, that the\\npresent edifice was erected. In 1786, the Rev. Walter Monteith became a colleague\\nwith Mr. Reed, and in 1797 Dr. Joseph Clark was installed their pastor, who died in\\nthe year 1813. To him succeeded the Rev. Leverett I. F. Huntington, in 1815 who\\nalso died in this office in 1820. In 1821, the Rev. Samuel B. How was installed, who\\nresigned in 1823, and was succeeded in 1825 by the Rev. Joseph H. Jones.\\nEpiscopal Church. Christ-church was erected in 1743. The congregation for many\\nyears were supplied with missionaries by the society in England, for Propagating\\nthe Gospel in Foreign Parts. The Rev. Mr. Wood became their first minister in 1747,\\nand was in 1754 succeeded by the Rev. Mr. Seabury, who afterward became the first\\nbishop of the United States. He was followed by the Rev. Mr. McKean, in 1757 the\\nRev. Leonard Cutting, in 1764, and the late Dr. Abraham Beach, in 1767. In 1773\\nthe steeple was built, which was afterward burned to the stone basement in 1802, and\\nrebuilt the same year. Dr. Beach resigned his rectorship in 1784, and was succeeded by\\nthe Rev. Mr. Rowland the same year; the Rev. Mr. Ogilvie. in 1787 the Rev. Mr. Van\\nDyke, in 1791; the Rev. Dr. Hobart, (afterward Bishop of New York,) in 1799; the\\nRev. Mr. Colton, in 1800, and Dr. John Croes, (Bishop of New Jersey,) in 1801.\\nBaptist Church. This church was erected in 1810. Its first pastor was the Rev.\\nJames McLaughlin, who was succeeded by the Rev. John Johnson, in 1818. The Rev.\\nG. S. Webbs was installed in 1821.\\nMethodist Episcopal Church. The Methodist Episcopal church was built in 1811,\\nand continued under the ministration of circuit preachers until 1819, since which time it\\nhas been successively under the pastoral care of the Rev. James Smith, Rev. Daniel\\nMoore, Rev. Charles Pitman, Rev. Joseph Rushing, Rev. Samuel Doughty, Rev. Isaac\\nWinner, Rev. George C. Cookman, and Rev. Pharaoh Ogden. On the 19th of June,\\n1835, their church, which was constructed of brick, was blown down by a tornado a.\\nnew one, built of wood, has since been erected. A Protestant Methodist, a Catholic, and\\nan African church, have been erected within a few years.\\nThe Hon. James Schueeman was a prominent man in this vicinity\\nin the war of the revolution. In the early part of the war he grad-\\nuated at Queen s college. On a certain occasion the militia were\\ncalled out to go against the enemy. Their captain made a speech,\\nurging them to volunteer but not one complied. Schureman,\\nthen in the ranks, stepped out, and after volunteering himself,\\naddressed them so eloquently that a company was immediately\\nformed, which went to Long Island, and was engaged in the battle\\nthere. In the course of the war Schureman and George Thomson\\nwere taken prisoners by a party of British horse, at what is now\\nBergen s mills, on Lawrence brook, 3 miles south of New Bruns-\\nwick. They were confined a short time in the guard-house in this\\ncity, which stood near the Nelson mansion, where they were sup-\\nplied with food by Mrs. Van Deusen. From thence they were car-\\n40", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0321.jp2"}, "322": {"fulltext": "314 MIDDLESEX COUNTY.\\nried to New York, and imprisoned in the sugar-house. Philip Kis-\\nsack, a tory, pitying their suffering condition, furnished them with\\nmoney, with which they purchased food, and kept themselves from\\nstarving. They bribed the guard to give them the privilege of the\\nyard and one night, having supplied them with liquor in which\\nthere was a quantity of laudanum, they dug through the wall and\\nescaped to the upper part of the city, near where the old prison\\nstood. There they got on board a small fishing-boat, and with a\\nsingle oar paddled across the Hudson to Powles Hook, and from\\nthence proceeded to Morristown, where they joined the American\\narmy. Schureman, in 1789, was elected a member of congress, in\\nwhich station he served four years then he was appointed to the\\nUnited States senate, and still later became mayor of New Bruns-\\nwick.\\nWilliam Paterson, governor of New Jersey, one of the most tal-\\nented men whose names appear in the annals of the state, was a\\nresident of New Brunswick. He graduated at Princeton, in 1763.\\nHe was a member of the convention which framed the Constitu-\\ntion of the United States. He was a senator from New Jersey in\\nthe first congress. He was governor of New Jersey in 1790. He\\nwas afterward a judge of the United States supreme court. He\\ndied in 1806.\\nWhen the British had possession of New Brunswick, the head-\\nquarters of their commander, General Howe, was at the mansion\\nin Bernard-st., now the residence of Abraham S. Nelson, Esq.\\nAmong the officers quartered upon the inhabitants was a sergeant\\nnamed M Nally, who resided with Mrs. William Van Deusen, the\\nmother of Staats Van Deusen, Esq. This officer having used\\nabusive language towards this lady, she made complaint to the\\ngeneral, who immediately sent for M Nally, sternly reprimanded\\nhim, and threatened, if he heard of any more like conduct from him,\\nhe should be sent home in irons.\\nThe enemy frequently sent out foraging parties into the country,\\nbetween whom and the inhabitants there was much skirmishing.\\nFor the defence of the place they erected three forts, simply em-\\nbankments of sand. Two of them were on the hill in rear of\\nRutgers college, the remains of one of which are still to be seen.\\nThe third was on the land of Wm. Van Deusen, Esq., just south of\\nNew- street.\\nThe following is the British account of the evacuation of New\\nBrunswick by their troops, in June, 1777, with the events of a few\\ndays previous, as given in an extract from a letter by Sir William\\nHowe to Lord George Germain, which was published in the Lon-\\ndon Gazette.\\nHaving established a corps sufficient for the defence of Amboy, the army assembled\\nat Brunswick on the 12th of June. The enemy s principal force being encamped on the", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0322.jp2"}, "323": {"fulltext": "MIDDLESEX COUNTY. 315\\nmountain above Quibbletown, with a corps of 2,000 men at Princeton, it was thought ad-\\nvisable to make a movement in two columns from Brunswick on the 14th, in the morn-\\ning, leaving Brigadier-general Matthew, with 2,000 men, to guard that post. The first\\ndivision, under the command of Lord Cornwallis, advanced to Hillsborough, and the\\nsecond to Middlebush, under the command of Lieutenant-general De Heister, with the\\nview of drawing on an action if the enemy should remove from the mountain towards\\nthe Delaware but on finding their intention to keep a position which it would not have\\nbeen prudent to attack, I determined without loss of time to pursue the principal objects\\nof the campaign by withdrawing the army from Jersey and in consequence of this de-\\ntermination returned to the camp at Brunswick on the 19th, and marched from thence\\nto Amboy on the 22d, intending to cross to Staten Island, from whence the embarkation\\nwas to take place.\\nUpon quitting the camp at Brunswick, the enemy brought a few troops forward with\\ntwo or three pieces of cannon, which they fired at the utmost range without the least ex-\\necution or any return from us. They also pushed some battalions into the woods to\\nharass the rear, where Lord Cornwallis commanded, who soon dispersed them with the\\nloss of only two men killed and thirteen wounded the enemy having nine killed and\\nabout thirty wounded.\\nThe necessary preparations being finished for crossing the troops to Staten Island, intel-\\nligence was received that the enemy had moved down from the mountain and taken post\\nat Quibbletown, intending, as it was given out, to attack the rear of the army removing\\nfrom Amboy that two corps had also advanced to their left, one of 3.000 men and 8\\npieces of cannon, under the command of Lord Stirling, Generals Maxwell and Conway,\\nthe last said to be a captain in the French service the other corps consisted of about\\n700 men, with only one piece of cannon.\\nIn this situation of the enemy, it was judged advisable to make a movement that\\nmight lead on to an attack, which was done the 26th, in the morning, in two columns\\nthe right, under the command of Lord Cornwallis and Major-general Grant, Brigadiers\\nMatthew and Leslie, and Col. Donop, took the route by Woodbridge, towards Scotch\\nPlains. The left column, where I was with Major-general Sterne, Vaughan, and Grey,\\nand Brigadiers Cleveland and Agnew, marched by Metuchin meeting-house to join the\\nrear of the right column, in the road from thence to Scotch Plains, intending to have ta-\\nken separate routes, about two miles after the junction, in order to have attacked the\\nenemy s left flank at Quibbletown. Four battalions were detached in the morning, with\\nsix pieces of cannon, to take post at Bonhamtown.\\nThe right column having fallen in with the aforementioned corps of 700 men soon af-\\nter passing Woodbridge, gave the alarm, by the firing that ensued, to their main army at\\nQuibbletown, which retired to the mountain with the utmost precipitation. The small\\ncorps was closely pushed by the light troops, and with difficulty got off their piece of\\ncannon.\\nLord Cornwallis, soon after he was upon the road leading to Scotch Plains from Me-\\ntuchin meeting-house, came up with the corps commanded by Lord Stirling, whom he\\nfound advantageously posted in a country covered with wood, and his artillery well dis-\\nposed. The king s troops, vying with each other upon this occasion, pressed forward to\\nsuch close action, that the enemy, though inclined to resist, could not long maintain their\\nground against so great impetuosity, but were dispersed on all sides, leaving 3 pieces of\\nbrass ordnance, 3 captains and CO men killed, and upwards of 200 officers and men\\nwounded and taken.\\nHis lordship had 5 men killed and 30 wounded. Capt. Finch, of the light company\\nof the guards, was the only officer who suffered, and to my great concern, the wound\\nproving mortal, he died the 29th of June, at Amboy.\\nThe troops engaged in this action were the 1st light-infantry, 1st British grenadiers,\\n1st, 2d, and 3d Hessian grenadiers, 1st battalion of guards, Hessian chasseurs, and the\\nQueen s rangers. I take the liberty of particularizing these corps, as Lord Cornwallis,\\nin his report to me, so highly extols their merit and ardor upon this attack. One piece\\nof cannon was taken by the guards, the other two by Col. Mingerode s battalion of Hes-\\nsian grenadiers.\\nThe enemy was pursued as far as Westfield with little effect, the day proving so in-\\ntensely hot that the soldiers could with difficulty continue their march thither in the\\nmean time it gave opportunity for those flying to escape by skulking in the thick woods,\\nuntil night favored their retreat to the mountain.\\nThe army lay that night at Westfield, returned the next day to Rahway, and the day\\nfollowing to Amboy. On the 30th, at 10 o clock in the forenoon, the troops began to\\ncross over to Staten Island and the rear-guard, under the command of Lord Corn-\\nwallis, passed at 2 in the afternoon, without the least appearance of an enemy.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0323.jp2"}, "324": {"fulltext": "316 MIDDLESEX COUNTY.\\nThe embarkation of the troops is proceeding with the utmost dispatch, and I sha.\\nhave the honor of sending your lordship further information as soon as the troops are\\nlanded at the place of their destination.\\nCapt. Adam Hyler and Capt. Marriner, the enterprising whale-\\nboat privateers of New Brunswick, cruised between Egg Harbor\\nand Staten Island, and annoyed the enemy so much that an armed\\nforce was sent to destroy their boats. They, however, built new\\nones, took several ships, and continued to levy their contributions\\non the New York fishermen, on the fishing banks. Marriner lived\\nseveral years after the war, at Harlem, and is remembered as a\\nfacetious old gentleman. Hyler died at New Brunswick, in 1782.\\nHe was the most successful of the two. The following extracts,\\ngiving some of his adventures, evince boldness seldom equalled\\nOct. 7, 1781. On Friday last, Capt. Adam Hyler, from New Brunswick, with one gun-\\nboat and two whale-boats, within a quarter of a mile of the guard-ship at Sandy Hook,\\nattacked five vessels, and after a smart conflict of fifteen minutes carried them. Two of\\nthem were armed one mounting four six-pounders, and one six swivels and one three-\\npounder. The hands made their escape, with their long-boats, and took refuge in a\\nsmall fort, in which were mounted twelve swivel-guns, from which they kept up a con-\\nstant firing notwithstanding which he boarded them all, without the loss of a man.\\nOn board of one of them was 250 bushels of wheat, and a quantity of cheese, belonging\\nto Capt. Lippencot, bound to New York. He took from them 50 bushels of wheat, a\\nquantity of cheese, several swivels, a number of fusees, one cask of powder, and some\\ndry-goods and stripped them of their sails and rigging not being able to bring the\\nvessels into port, in consequence of a contrary wind and tide. After which, he set all\\non fire, save one, on board of which was a woman and four small children, which pre-\\nvented her from sharing a similar fate.\\nOct. 15, 1781. On the 13th inst., Capt. Adam Hyler, of this place, with one gun-boat\\nand two whale-boats, boarded one sloop and two schooners, which all the hands except\\ntwo had previously left, and which lay under cover of the lighthouse-fort, at Sandy\\nHook, and brought them off; but the sloop being such a dull sailer, and being much an-\\nnoyed from a galley lying near Staten Island, she was set on fire, about three miles from\\nthe fort. One of the schooners running aground, by accident, was stripped and left\\nthe other, a remarkably fine, fast-sailing, Virginia-built pilot-boat, mounted with one four-\\npounder, was brought, with two prisoners, to this place.\\nExtract of a Letter from New Jersey, June 19, 1782. The exertions of the cele-\\nbrated water-partisan, Capt. Hyler, have been a considerable annoyance to the wood-\\nshallops, trading-vessels, and plundering parties of the enemy, about Sandy Hook, Long\\nIsland, and Staten Island, for several months past. You have heard that his attempt\\nto take an eighteen-gun cutter was crowned with success. It was indeed a bold and\\nhazardous attempt, considering how well provided she was against being boarded. He\\nwas, however, compelled to blow her up, after securing his prisoners, and a few articles\\non board. His surprising a captain of the guard, at the lighthouse, with all his men, a\\nshort time ago, was also a handsome affair, and gained him much credit. He has none\\nbut picked and tried men the person who discovers the least symptom of fear or diffi-\\ndence, be he who he will, is immediately turned on shore, and never suffered to enter\\nagain. In the next place, they are taught to be particularly expert at the oar, and to\\nrow with such silence and dexterity as not to be heard at the smallest distance, even\\nthough three or four boats be together, and go at the rate of twelve miles an hour.\\nTheir captures are chiefly made by surprise, or stratagem; and most of the crews\\nthat have hitherto been taken, by these boats, declare they never knew any thing of an\\nenemy being at hand till they saw the pistol or cutlass at their throats.\\nThere was a droll instance of this, some weeks ago, as one of the prisoners, a shrewd,\\nsensible fellow, and late captain of one of the captured vessels, relates it himself. I\\nwas on deck, said he, with three or four men, in a very pleasant evening, with our\\nsentinel fixed. Our vessel was at anchor, near Sandy Hook, and the Lion man-of-war", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0324.jp2"}, "325": {"fulltext": "MIDDLESEX COUNTY. 31 7\\nabout one quarter of a mile distant. It was calm and clear, and we were all admiring\\nthe beautiful and splendid appearance of the full moon, which was then three or four\\nhours above the horizon. While we were thus attentively contemplating the serene lu-\\nminary, we suddenly heard several pistols discharged into the cabin and turning around\\nperceived, at our elbows, a number of armed people, fallen as it were from the clouds,\\nwho ordered us to surrender in a moment, or we were dead men Upon this we were\\nturned into the hold, and the hatches barred over us. The firing, however, had alarmed\\nthe man-of-war, who hailed us, and desired to know what was the matter. As we were\\nnot in a situation to answer, at least so far as to be heard, Capt. Hyler was kind enough\\nto do it for us telling them, through the speaking-trumpet, that all was well After\\nwhich, unfortunately for us, they made no further inquiry.\\nAfter the notorious refugee, Lippencot, had barbarously murdered Capt. Huddy, at\\nSandy Hook, Washington was very anxious to have the murderer secured. He had\\nbeen demanded from the British general, and his surrender refused. Capt. Hyler was\\ndetermined to take Lippencot. On inquiry, he found that he resided in a well-known\\nhouse in Broad-st., New York. Dressed and equipped like a man-of-war press-gang, he\\nleft the Kills, with one boat, after dark, and arrived at Whitehall about nine o clock.\\nHere he left his boat in charge of three men, and then passed to the residence of Lippen-\\ncot, where he inquired for him, and found he was absent, and gone to a cock-pit.\\nThus failing in his object, he returned to his boat, with his press-gang, and left White-\\nhall but finding a sloop, lying at anchor, off the battery, from the West Indies, and\\nladen with rum, he took her, cut her cable, set her sails, and with a northeast wind sailed\\nto Elizabethtown Point and before daylight had landed from her and secured 40 hogs-\\nheads of rum. He then burned the sloop, to prevent her recapture.\\nThe following account of the mine near New Brunswick is from\\nMorse s Gazetteer:\\nAbout the years 1748, 1749, 1750, several lumps of virgin copper, from 5 to 30 pounds\\nweight, (in the whole upwards of 200 pounds,) were ploughed up, in a field belonging to\\nPhilip French, Esq., within a quarter of a mile of the town. This induced Mr. Elias\\nBoudinot to take a lease of the land, of Mr. French, for 99 years, with a view to search\\nfor copper-ore. A company was formed, and about the year 1751 a shaft was com-\\nmenced, in the low ground, 300 yards from the river. The spot selected had been\\nmarked by a neighbor, who, passing it in the dark, had observed a flame rising from\\nthe ground, nearly as large as the body of a man. At about 15 feet, the miners struck\\na vein of blue stone, about two feet thick, between loose walls of red sandstone, covered\\nwith a sheet of pure copper, somewhat thicker than gold-leaf. The stone was filled with\\ngrains of virgin copper, much like copper-filings and occasionally lumps of virgin cop-\\nper, of from 5 to 30 pounds, were found in it. The vein was followed about 30 feet,\\nwhen the accumulation of water exceeded the means of the company to remove it. A\\nstamping-mill was erected, where, by reducing the ore to powder, and washing it, many\\ntons of pure copper were obtained, and exported to England. Sheets of copper, of the\\nthickness of two pennies, and three feet square, have been taken from between the rocks,\\nwithin four feet of the surface, in several parts of the hill. At about 50 or 60 feet deep,\\na body of fine solid ore was struck, in the same vein, but between rocks of white flinty\\nspar, which was soon worked out.\\nThe following inscriptions are copied from monuments in the\\ngraveyard of the Dutch Reformed church\\nHere lies the body of J. H. Hardenbergh, D. D., late pastor of this church, who de-\\nparted this life the 30th day of October, 1790, aged 52 years, months, and days.\\nHe was a zealous preacher of the gospel, and his life and conversation afforded, from his ear-\\nliest days, to all who knew him, a bright example of real piety. He was a steady patriot,\\nand in his public and private conduct he manifested himself to be the enemy of tyranny\\nand oppression, the lover of freedom, and the friend of his country. He has gone to his\\nLord and Redeemer, in whose atonement he confidently trusted. He is gone to receive\\nthe fruits of his faithful labors, and the reward of a well-spent life. Reader, while you\\nlament the loss to society and his friends, go walk in his virtuous footsteps and when\\nyou have finished the work assigned you, you shall rest with him in eternal peace.\\nThis monument is erected to the memory of Dinah Hardenbergh, relict of the Rev", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0325.jp2"}, "326": {"fulltext": "318 MIDDLESEX COUNTY.\\nJ. H. Hardenbergh, D. D., S. T. P. Of high attainments here in grace, now resting in\\nglory died the 26th day of March, 1807, aged 81 years.\\nTell how she climb d the everlasting hills,\\nSurveying all the realms above\\nBorne on a strong-wing d faith, and on\\nThe fiery wheels of an immortal love.\\nBeneath this stone are deposited the remains of the Rev. John Schureman, D. D.,\\nprofessor of pastoral theology, ecclesiastical history, and church government, in the the-\\nological seminary of the Reformed Dutch church, at New Brunswick who, while en-\\ngaged in a course of active and highly useful labors, enjoying the confidence of the\\nchurches, and the affections of his brethren, departed this life, May 15th, 1818, in the\\n40th year of his age.\\nwnb pn\u00c2\u00a5 -or\\nThe Reverend Mr. Elias Van Bunschoten was born Oct. 26th, 1738, graduated A. B.\\n1768, licensed to preach 1773, and settled in the ministry first at Shagticoke, afterward\\nat Minisink. He died Jan. 10th, 1815. Established in the truth, and ardent in its de-\\nfence, from his youth to his old age he persevered in a good profession of faith, and in\\na holy and exemplary life. In the ministry of the gospel he was faithful, and diligently\\nemployed his talents in the service of his divine Redeemer. His zeal to promote the in-\\nterests of the church of Christ prompted him to make a very liberal donation to the\\nsupport of indigent students, and the benefit of the theological college at New Bruns-\\nwick. To perpetuate the memory of this venerable and charitable man, and to express\\ntheir gratitude, the Right Revd. Genl. Synod of the Reformed Dutch church have erect-\\ned, at the public expense, this monument.\\nKk iovXe ayadc Kat TTt^i.t\\nSacred to the memory of the Rev. John II. Livingston, D. D., S. T. P. Born at\\nPoughkeepsie, state of New York, May 30th, 1746 educated for the ministry at the\\nUniversity of Utrecht, in Holland called to the pastoral office of the Reformed Dutch\\nchurch, in New York, 1770 appointed by the general synod of the Reformed Dutch\\nchurch in America their professor in didactic and polemic theology, in 1781, and elected\\nto the presidency of Queen s college, New Jersey, in 1810. There, in performance of\\nthe duties of his office, and blessed in the enjoyment of mental energy, high reputation,\\nand distinguished usefulness, he suddenly but sweetly fell asleep in Jesus, Jan. 20th,\\n1825, in the 79th year of his age, the 55th of his ministry, and the 41st of his profes-\\nsional labors. In him, with dignified appearance, extensive erudition, almost unrivalled\\ntalents, as a sacred orator and professor, were blended manners polished, candid, and\\nattractive, all ennobled by that entire devotion to his Saviour which became such a\\nservant to yield to such a Master. In token of their gratitude for his services and\\nveneration for his memory, the general synod have ordered this monumental stone to be\\nerected.\\nTo the memory of the Rev. John De Witt, D. D., professor of sacred literature and\\nbiblical criticism, in the Theological Seminary of the Reformed Dutch church, and of\\nlogic and belles-lettres in Rutgers college, who, after discharging the duties of a Chris-\\ntian pastor, with much zeal and success, during several years at Albany, entered, Sept.\\n1823, upon his professional labors, which he executed with distinguished ability, and died\\nOctober 11th, A. D. 1831, aged 41 years and 10 months. This monument is designed\\nto express their high regard for the deceased. Ah nimium citus excessit\\nTo the memory of the Rev. Selah S. Woodhull, D. D., professor of ecclesiastical his-\\ntory, church government and pastoral theology, in the Theological Seminary of the Re-\\nformed Dutch church, and of metaphysics and philosophy of the human mind, in Rutgers\\nCollege. For 19 years, he was the acceptable pastor of the Reformed Dutch church in\\nBrooklyn. November 14th, 1825, he entered upon his professional labors, and died the\\nfollowing February, on the 27th day of the month, in the 40th year of his age\u00e2\u0080\u0094 respected\\nfor his learning, piety, industry, and zeal. His sudden removal from these important sta-\\ntions is deeply lamented. [Erected by the general Synod.]\\nThe memory of the just is blessed. t Well done good and faithful servant.", "height": "3306", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0326.jp2"}, "327": {"fulltext": "MIDDLESEX COUNTY. 31 9\\nThe following inscriptions are from the Episcopal graveyard\\nBrigadier Anthony Walton White, who departed this life on the 10th of February,\\n1803, in the 53d year of his age, rests beneath this monumental stone. He was an\\naffectionate husband, a tender parent, a sincere and generous friend, a zealous and inflexible\\npatriot, and a faithful, active, and gallant officer, in the army of the United States dur-\\ning the revolutionary war.\\nIn memory of Edward Carroll, M. D., who departed this life 1840, IE. 73. Formerly\\nof the island of Jamaica, but for many years a highly respected inhabitant of this town.\\nHe was a physician, alike eminent for the Christian graces and virtues that adorned his\\nlife, and for the medical skill and science that ranked him high in his profession. The\\nloveliness and purity of his character secured to him the esteem of all, and the friend-\\nship of many.\\nRich in love\\nAnd sweet humanity, he was himself,\\nTo the degree that he desired, beloved.\\nSOUTH BRUNSWICK.\\nSouth Brunswick is about 8 miles long, 7 broad, and is bounded\\nNE. by North Brunswick SE. by Monroe SW. by East and West\\nWindsor, Mercer co. and NW. by Franklin, Somerset co. The\\ntownship contains 8 stores, 4 grist-m., 5 saw-m. cap. in manufac.\\n$30,850 12 schools, 360 scholars. Pop. 2,797. In the N. part are\\nsome noted sandhills, covering a space of several miles. The vil-\\nlage of Kingston is near the NE. corner of the township, at the inter-\\nsection of the Delaware and Raritan canal with the New York and\\nPhiladelphia turnpike, and on the line of Somerset co., 3 miles NE.\\nof Princeton. It contains 2 taverns, 4 stores, a grist and saw mill,\\nan academy, a Presbyterian church, and about 35 dwellings. Be-\\nfore the construction of railroads in the state, this was the great\\nthoroughfare between New York and the South. It is stated by\\nGordon, that forty-nine stages, loaded with about 400 passengers,\\nhave halted here at the same time, in front of Withington s inn.\\nDirectly opposite this inn stood, in olden times, Vantilburgh s tav-\\nern, long known as the favorite stopping-place of Washington, and\\nthe governors of New Jersey, in passing from the eastern towns\\nto the state capital. It was at this village that Washington, with\\nthe American troops, eluded the British, on the day of the battle of\\nPrinceton, by filing off to the left at the church, down the narrow\\nroad leading to Rocky-hill, while the enemy in pursuit, supposing\\nhe had gone to New Brunswick to destroy their winter stores, kept\\non the main road. Cross-roads contains 2 taverns, 2 stores, and\\nabout 15 dwellings. Plainsborough has a store, tavern, a grist-m.,\\nand a few dwellings.\\nCranberry is partly in Monroe township. The village is princi-\\npally built on a single street, and contains 2 Presbyterian churches,\\n2 academies, 73 dwellings, and about 600 inhabitants. The annexed\\nis a view of the First Presbyterian church and academy, at the\\nsouthern termination of the village. There is also a neat Presby-\\nterian church and an academy at the other end of the town. For-\\nmerly a Presbyterian church stood in the graveyard, but it was", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0327.jp2"}, "328": {"fulltext": "320\\nMIDDLESEX COUNTY.\\ntaken down many years since. A Baptist church, in olden times,\\nstood in the village. The society now worship at Hightstown.\\nCranberry is one of the oldest places in this part of the state. It\\nwas settled about the year 1697, by Josiah Prickett, butcher, of\\nView of the Presbyterian Church and Academy, Cranberry.\\nBurlington. The following year he sold out to John Harrison of\\nFlushing, Long Island. About 50 years since there were only 15\\nhouses here, eight on the south and seven on the north side of Cran-\\nberry brook. Just previous to the battle of Monmouth, the Ameri-\\ncan army passed through this place.\\nIt was in the vicinity of Cranberry that David Brain erd, the\\npious and devoted missionary, labored for a while among the Indi-\\nans. Mr. Brainerd at first preached to the Indians in the woods,\\nbetween Stockbridge and Albany, but without much apparent suc-\\ncess. He then turned his attention to the Indians at the forks of\\nthe Delaware, and at Crossweeksung and Cranberry, where his la-\\nbors were attended with remarkable success. His life and diary\\namong the Indians, says an eminent English divine, exhibits a\\nperfect pattern of the qualities which should distinguish the in-\\nstructor of rude and barbarous tribes the most invincible patience\\nand self-denial, the profoundest humility, exquisite prudence, inde-\\nfatigable industry, and such a devotedness to God, or rather such\\nan absorption of the whole soul in zeal for the divine glory and\\nsalvation of men, as is scarcely paralleled since the age of the\\napostles. The following extracts from Brainerd s journal will\\nshow the effects which followed his preaching.\\n(Aug. 8th, 1744.) In the afternoon I preached to the Indians; their number was\\nnow about sixty-five persons, men, women, and children. I discoursed from Luke xiv.\\n16 23, and was favored with uncommon freedom.\\nThere was much concern among them while I was discoursing publicly but afterward,\\nwhen I spoke to one and another more particularly, whom I perceived under concern, the\\npower of God seemed to descend upon the assembly like a rushing mighty wind,\\nand with an astonishing energy bore down all before it.\\nI stood amazed at the influence that seized the audience almost universally, and could\\ncompare it to nothing more aptly than a mighty torrent, that bears down and sweeps be-\\nfore it whatever is in its way. Almost all persons, of all ages, were bowed downed together,", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0328.jp2"}, "329": {"fulltext": "MIDDLESEX COUNTY. 321\\nand scarce one was able to withstand the shock of the surprising operation. Old men\\nand women, who had been drunken wretches for many years, and some little children,\\nnot more than six or seven years of age, appeared in distress for their souls, as well as\\npersons of middle age. And it was apparent these children were not merely frightened\\nwith seeing the general concern, but were made sensible of their danger, the badness of\\ntheir hearts, and their misery without Christ. The most stubborn hearts were now\\nobliged to bow. A principal man among the Indians, who before thought his state good,\\nbecause he knew more than the generality of the Indians, and who with great confidence\\nthe day before told me he had been a Christian more than ten years, was now brought\\nunder solemn concern for his soul, and wept bitterly. Another man, considerable in\\nyears, who had been a murderer, a powwaw, and a notorious drunkard, was likewise\\nbrought now to cry for mercy with many tears, and to complain much that he could be\\nno more concerned when he saw his danger so great.\\nThere were almost universally praying and crying for mercy in every part of the house,\\nand many out of doors, and numbers could neither go nor stand their concern was so\\ngreat, each for himself, that none seemed to take any notice of those about them, but\\neach prayed for themselves and were, to their own apprehension, as much retired as if\\nevery one had been by himself in a desert, or, rather, they thought nothing about any but\\nthemselves, and so were every one praying apart, although all together.\\nIt seemed to me there was an exact fulfilment of that prophecy, Zech. xii. 10, 12, for\\nthere was now A great mourning, like the mourning of Hadadrimmon and each\\nseemed to mourn apart. Methought this had a near resemblance to the day of God s\\npower, mentioned Josh. x. 14, for I must say, I never saw any day like it in all re-\\nspects it was a day wherein the Lord did much destroy the kingdom of darkness among\\nthis people.\\nThis concern was most rational and just: those who had been awakened any con-\\nsiderable time, complained especially of the badness of their hearts those newly\\nawakened, of the badness of their lives and actions; and all were afraid of the anger of\\nGod and of everlasting misery as the desert of their sins. Some of the white people,\\nwho came out of curiosity to hear what this babbler would say to the poor ignorant\\nIndians, were much awakened, and appeared to be wounded with a view of their perish-\\ning state.\\nThose who had lately obtained relief, were filled with comfort they appeared calm,\\nand rejoiced in Christ Jesus and some of them took their distressed friends by the hand,\\ntelling them of the goodness of Christ, and the comfort that is to be enjoyed in him,\\nand invited them to come and give up their hearts to him. And I could observe some\\nof them, in the most unaffected manner, lifting up their eyes to heaven, as if crying for\\nmercy, while they saw the distress of the poor souls around them.\\nAug. 9th. In the afternoon I discoursed to them publicly. There were now present\\nabout seventy persons. I opened and applied the parable of the sower, and was enabled\\nto discourse with much plainness. There were many tears among them while I was dis-\\ncoursing, but no considerable cry yet some were much affected with a few words spoken\\nfrom Matt. xi. 29, with which I concluded. But while I was discoursing near night to\\ntwo or three of the awakened persons, a divine influence seemed to attend what was\\nspoken, which caused the persons to cry out in anguish of soul, although I spoke not a\\nword of terror but, on the contrary, set before them the fulness of Christ s merits, and\\nhis willingness to save all that came to him.\\nThe cry of these was heard by others, who, though scattered before, immediately\\ngathered round. I then proceeded in the same strain of gospel invitation, till they were\\nall melted into tears and cries, except two or three and seemed in the greatest distress\\nto find and secure an interest in the great Redeemer. Some who had but little more\\nthan a ruffle made in their passions the day before, seemed now to be deeply affected, and\\nthe concern in general appeared near as prevalent a9 the day before. There was indeed\\na very great mourning among them, and yet every one seemed to mourn apart. For so\\ngreat was their concern, that almost every one was praying and crying for himself, as if\\nnone had been near. Guttummaukalummeh guttummaukalummeh,\\\\. e. Have mercy\\nupon me, have mercy upon me was the common cry.\\nIt was very affecting to see the poor Indians, who the other day were yelling in their\\nidolatrous feasts, now crying to God with such importunity, for an interest in his dear\\nSon!\\n41", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0329.jp2"}, "330": {"fulltext": "322 MIDDLESEX COUNTY.\\nMONROE.\\nMonroe was formed from South Amboy in 1838. It is about 8\\nmiles long, 6 wide, and is bounded NE. by South Amboy SE. by\\nFreehold, Monmouth co. SW. by East Windsor, Mercer co., and\\nNW. by North and South Brunswick. The surface is generally\\nlevel, soil sandy, and in some parts covered with pine and oak.\\nThe Camden and Amboy railroad passes through the township.\\nThere are 8 stores, 1. paper factory, 4 grist-m., 18 saw-m. cap. in\\nmanufac. $109,900 1 academy, 8 schools, 285 scholars. Pop. 2,453.\\nSpotswood, on the line of the railroad, 10 miles from South Am-\\nboy, is supposed to have received its name from John Johnson, of\\nSpotswood in Scotland, who early settled in the vicinity. There\\nare in the village 3 stores, a grist and a saw mill, 2 churches, and\\n52 dwellings. The Episcopal church has long been established.\\nThe Reformed Dutch church was organized August 5th, 1821, and\\nthe Rev. John M Clure, its first clergyman, was settled in the fall\\nof 1822 left in the autumn of 1824. Rev. Henry L. Rice was settled\\nSeptember 24, 1825 left September 10th, 1834. Rev. John C. Van\\nLiew was his successor, and left in January, 1842, when he w T as\\nsucceeded by its present pastor, the Rev. William R. S. Betts. Snuff\\nand cigars are extensively manufactured in this village.\\nWilliam Lyon, a continental soldier, died in this township in 1841. He served through-\\nout the war of the revolution, and was in most of the actions in which the Jersey troops\\nwere engaged. About the time of the battle of Trenton, as he was marching with his\\nfeet bare and bloody, over the frozen ground, he took from a clothes-line, near a dwelling,\\na pair of stockings. The lady of the house came out to reproach him for the act. He\\nanswered her by simply pointing to his lacerated feet. Further argument was unneces-\\nsary. She went back in tears. Washington saw him, and tapping him on the shoulder,\\nsaid, My brave boy, you deserve a better fate. Ah replied the heroic soldier,\\nthere is no danger of my feet freezing as long as the blood runs.\\nPISCATAWAY.\\nThis township was incorporated in 1798. It is about 8 miles\\nlong, 6 broad, bounded N. by Westfield, Essex co. E. by Wood-\\nbridge S. by Raritan river, and westerly by Franklin, Bridgewater,\\nand Warren, Somerset co. The township is supposed to have de-\\nrived its name from Piscataqua, in Maine, a place from which some\\nof the first settlers emigrated to this place, which at the first was\\ncalled New Piscataqua. A ridge of high land runs quite across\\nit east and west, dividing it into nearly equal parts, from which the\\nland slopes in a gentle declivity north and south. The soil is most-\\nly red shale, which in some sections is covered Math loam and\\ngravel. The land is fertile, and agriculture is in a high state of\\nprogressive improvement. Pop. 2,828. There are in the township\\n7 stores, 5 grist-m., 3 saw-m. cap. in manufac. $30,850 8 schools,\\n222 scholars.\\nNew Market, (formerly Quibbletown,) a village of some 15 or\\n20 houses, is the post-town. Brooklin, Samptown, New Durham,", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0330.jp2"}, "331": {"fulltext": "MIDDLESEX COUNTY. 323\\nPiscataway town, and Raritan Landing, are small villages in the\\ntownship. Piscataway town, containing about a dozen dwellings\\nand a church, and situated 3 miles E. from New Brunswick and 1\\nfrom Raritan river, was an old Indian village, and was the seat of\\njustice for the counties of Middlesex and Somerset as early as 1683,\\nat which period the courts were held sometimes at this place and\\nsometimes at Woodbridge. Raritan Landing is situated 2 miles\\nabove New Brunswick, and contains 25 or 30 dwellings, and seve-\\nral stores. There is a bridge across the Raritan at this place.\\nThe earliest authentic history of this township is gathered from\\nthe public records, which state that the large tract on the east side\\nof Raritan river, which comprises the towns of Piscataway, Eliza-\\nbeth, c, was purchased from the Indians in 1663. The purcha-\\nsers were John Bailey, Daniel Denton, Luke Watson, and others,\\nwho obtained a patent in 1664 from Gov. Nichols, who acted under\\nthe Duke of York. The names of the first settlers on record are,\\nthe Gillmans in 1 663 the Blackshaws, Drakes, Hands, and Hen-\\ndricks, in 1677 the Dotys and Wolfs in 1678 the Smalleys, Hulls,\\nand Trotters, in 1679; the Hansworths, Martins, and Higgins, in\\n1680; the Dunhams, Laflowers, and Fitz Randolphs, in 1681; the\\nSuttons, Brindleys, Bounds, and Fords, in 1682; the Davises and\\nSlaughters, in 1683; the Pregmores, in 1684; the Grubs and\\nAdamses, in 1685 the Chandlers and Smiths in 1687 the Mortons,\\nMolesons, and McDaniels, in 1689. It is supposed that most of these\\npersons were Baptists. The tradition is, however, that there were\\nbut six professed Baptists, viz: Hugh Dunn, who was an exhorter,\\nJohn Drake, afterward their pastor, Nicholas Bonham, John Smal-\\nley, Edmond Dunham, afterward minister of the Seventh-day\\nBaptists, and John Fitz Randolph. The above persons were consti-\\ntuted a Baptist church in the spring of 1689, by the assistance of\\nRev. Thomas Killingsworth, who was then pastor of Middletown\\nand Cohansey churches.\\nThe first preachers in Piscataway were three lay brethren, of the Baptist persuasion,\\nviz Hugh Dunn, John Drake, and Edmond Dunham, who with three others were consti-\\ntuted a Baptist church as mentioned above, being one of the oldest Baptist churches in the\\nstate. John Drake was ordained pastor of this church, and so remained till his death in\\n1739, when he was succeeded by Rev. Benjamin Stelle, a native of New York, and of\\nFrench extraction he died in 1759, and was succeeded by his son, Rev. Isaac Stelle.\\nMr. Stelle continued pastor till his death in 1781, and was succeeded by Rev. Reune\\nRunyan in 1783, who continued pastor till his death in 1811. Rev. James McLaughlin\\nbecame the next pastor of this church in 1812, and continued such till 1817. In the\\nfall of 1818, Rev. Daniel Dodge was called to the pastorship, and continued till 1832,\\nand in 1833 was succeeded by the present pastor, Rev. Daniel D. Lewis.\\nThe Seventh-day Baptist church was formed by 17 persons who seceded from the\\nPiscataway church in 1707, and signed a special covenant, and became a distinct so-\\nciety. Rev. Edmond Dunham was their first pastor his son, Rev. Jonathan Dunham,\\nwas his successor; Rev. Nathan Rogers was their next minister. This church, the only\\none of its denomination in the state for 30 years, is now respectable in numbers and\\nwealth. Its present pastor is Rev. Walter B. Gillette a branch from it formed another\\nchurch in the neighboring village of Plainfield in 1838. The Baptist church at Scotch\\nPlains was formed of members of the Piscataway church in 1747, from which the\\nSecond Baptist church in Piscataway, known as the Samptown church, was fonned in\\n1792. Their first pastor was Rev. Jacob Fitz Randolph, who was succeeded by Rev.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0331.jp2"}, "332": {"fulltext": "324\\nMIDDLESEX COUNTY.\\nLebbeus Lathrop. Mr. Lathrop was succeeded by their present minister, Rev. E. M.\\nBarker. There is an Episcopal church in the township, which was established at a very\\nearly period. Their society is at present rather small and feeble, but through the liber-\\nality of an individual they have a neat and commodious house of worship. There is a\\nsmall settlement of persons of the Dutch Reformed persuasion along the Raritan river,\\nnorth of Raritan Landing, but they have as yet no church in the township. Nine\\ntenths of the population are Baptists in sentiment.\\nWOODBRIDGE.\\nThe extreme length of this township, E. and W., is about 10\\nmiles breadth, N. and S., 9 miles. It is bounded N. by Rahway\\nand Westfield, Essex co. E. by Staten Island sound SE. by Perth\\nAmboy S. by Raritan river, and W. by Piscataway. The surface\\nis level, and the soil fertile, and very productive in grass. The\\nNew Jersey railroad passes through the NW. portion of the town-\\nship. There are in the township 1 cotton-m., 1 academy, 43 students,\\n16 schools, 491 scholars. Pop. 4,821.\\nView in Woodbridge.\\nMatouchin, Uniontown, and Bonhamtown, the two first of which\\nare on the line of the railroad, contain respectively a few dwell-\\nings. At Matouchin there is a Presbyterian church. The large\\nand flourishing village of Rahway is on the N. boundary, partly in\\nEssex county. Woodbridge was first settled by emigrants from\\nEngland, who came over with Gov. Carteret in 1665. It occupied\\nfor many years a prominent place among the early settlements in\\nEast Jersey. In 1668, the lands were portioned out to the differ-\\nent associates, and on June 1st, 1669, a charter was granted them\\nwhich created a township, to consist of not less than sixty families,\\nout of the tract, which was said to be six miles square.\\nThe annexed is a view in the village of Woodbridge, which is 9\\nmiles NE. of New Brunswick. On the left is seen the academy\\non the right the Presbyterian church, and in the distance Trinity\\nchurch. There are also in the village, a Methodist church, 2 tav-\\nerns, 4 stores, a grist and a saw m., an extensive pottery, and 50", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0332.jp2"}, "333": {"fulltext": "MIDDLESEX COUNTY. 325\\ndwellings. The Presbyterian society was organized in 1707, and\\nthree churches have stood on the site of the present one. The\\nEpiscopal church has been organized more than a century, and the\\nMethodist church within a few years. In the American revolution\\nthe Rev. Dr. Azel Roe, pastor of the Presbyterian church, was\\ntaken prisoner by the British in the night from the dwelling now\\noccupied as the parsonage, and carried to Staten Island.\\nThe annexed extracts from ancient newspapers relate to events\\nwhich occurred in this vicinity in the war of the revolution\\nExtract of a letter from an officer at Camp, dated Bonhamtown, April 15, 1777. A\\ndetachment under the command of Capt. Alexander Paterson, of the Pennsylvania 12th\\nregiment, commanded by Col. Cook, attacked the piquet guard of the enemy at two\\no clock this morning, about 400 yards from Bonhamtown, and after a short but obstinate\\nengagement, the whole of the guard, 25 in number, were either killed or taken prisoners.\\nLieut. Frazier, of the 71st regiment, was killed on the spot. The enemy, though advan.\\ntageously posted, did not attempt to support their guard, but retired with precipitation to\\ntheir works. Our officers and soldiers behaved with the greatest coolness and courage\\non this occasion. Their conduct would do honor to the best-disciplined troops. We\\nhad Lieutenants M Alharton and Reily, of Col. Cook s regiment, wounded, but not mor-\\ntally.\\nExtract from a letter dated Matouchin, April 22, 1777. The night before last a party\\nof 16 men of Col. Cook s regiment, under the command of Lieut. M Cabe, attacked a\\npiquet guard at Bonhamtown, drove it in, killed one man, and wounded two, who were\\nleft on the field. The enemy were soon reinforced but our party kept up their fire,\\nmaintained their ground until daybreak, and then made a regular retreat. Last night\\nanother party, under the command of Lieut. Lodge, attacked the same piquet but the\\nsentries being doubled, Lieut. M Cabe was obliged to reinforce, which we soon accom-\\nplished, and then we drove them, with some small loss, it is thought, on their side.\\nOur party sustained no damage, and, with only 32 men, we kept their troops in Bonham-\\ntown under arms all night.\\nPost, near Bonhamtown, May 11, 1777. I have the pleasure to inform you that yes-\\nterday part of Gen. Stevens division attacked the Royal Highlanders and six companies\\nof light-infantry. It was a bold enterprise, they being posted within two miles of\\nBonhamtown, and about the same distance from Brunswick. The action continued\\nabout an hour and a half. The continental troops behaved well, drove in the piquets at\\nBonhamtown, attacked and drove the Highlanders out of a wood they had taken pos-\\nsession of, near to Piscataqua town. The enemy were reinforced, but were again com-\\npelled to give way. They were reinforced a second time, when, upon due consideration\\nof our situation with rospect to the enemy s different posts, (of Brunswick, Raritan Land-\\ning, and Bonhamtown,) it was judged advisable to retire. The retreat was made in ex-\\ncellent order, and our loss is inconsiderable. I congratulate you on this advantage ob-\\ntained over the enemy s best troops. The Highlanders, obstinately brave, were too\\nproud to surrender, which cost many of them dear.\\nApril 16th, 1777. From New Jersey we learn, that on or about the 20th ult. a young\\nwoman, passing an evacuated house in Woodbridge, saw, through the window, a drunk-\\nen Hessian soldier, who had straggled from his party. There being no men within less\\nthan a mile of town, she went home, dressed in man s apparel, and, armed with an old\\nfirelock, returned to the house, entered it, and took the Hessian prisoner, whom she\\nsoon stripped of his arms, and was leading him off, when she fell in with the patrole\\nguard of a New Jersey regiment, stationed near Woodbridge, to whom she delivered her\\nprisoner.\\nJune 20, 1782. William Clarke, the noted horse-thief, is no more. He was shot,\\nsomewhere in the vicinity of Woodbridge, on one of his customary excursions. This\\nman was an early refugee from Jersey, and has taken off, since the fall of 1776, upwards\\nof one hundred valuable horses, from Monmouth, and other counties in the neighborhood\\nof the enemy, for which he found a ready sale in New York, and on Long Island.\\nHe had eluded the strictest vigilance of our guards and scouts for upwards of 5 years,\\nalthough it is pretty certain that he has passed at least half that time within our lines.\\nHe was destroyed at last by a stratagem, said to be as follows A letter was conveyed", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0333.jp2"}, "334": {"fulltext": "326 MIDDLESEX COUNTY.\\nto him, as if from one of his confidents and accomplices in Sussex, signifying that if he\\ncame over at the time therein specified, he would find two excellent horses tied in a cer-\\ntain field, which might be conveyed to Staten Island with very little trouble or risk.\\nHe accordingly came, and was instantly shot down by the persons who lay in wait for\\nhim.\\nTrenton, June 7, 1780. Thursday evening last a party of about 30 refugees, from\\nNew York, landed at Stony Point, on Raritan river, and from thence went to Wood-\\nbridge, where they made Justice Freeman, Mr. Edgar, and six other white persons, and\\ntwo negroes, prisoners, whom they carried off to New York.\\nZebulon Montgomery Pike was born at Lamberton, Mercer co., Jan. 5th, 1779. His\\nparents were natives of Woodbridge, where their son spent his youth. His father was\\nan officer in the army of the United States, and Zebulon, having received a common\\nschool education, entered as a cadet into a company under his father s command, in\\nwhich he served on the western frontiers. He afterward received a lieutenant s com-\\nmission. In 1805, he was employed with a party of 20 men to explore the Mississippi\\nto its source, while Capts. Lewis and Clarke were sent on a similar expedition up the\\nMissouri. Within two months after his return, he was selected by Gen. Wilkinson for a\\nsecond perilous journey of hardship and exposure, in exploring the interior of the then\\ncalled country of Louisiana. After leaving the Osage village, Pike and his men were\\novertaken by winter, unprovided with any clothing suitable for the season. Their horses\\ndied, and for weeks they were obliged to explore their way through the wilderness, car-\\nrying packs of 60 or 70 pounds weight, besides their arms, exposed to the severity of\\ncold, relying solely on the chase for subsistence, and often for two or three days without\\nfood. In the course of the expedition, the party visited Santa Fe, and on July 1st, 1807,\\narrived at Natchitoches. On his return, he received the thanks of the government, and\\nwas appointed captain, shortly after, a major, and, in 1810, a colonel of infantry. Dur-\\ning the intervals of his military duties, he prepared for the press a narrative of his two\\nexpeditions, which was published in 1810.\\nIn the beginning of 1813, Col. Pike was appointed a brigadier-general. On the 25th\\nIK April, at the head of 1,500 choice troops, he sailed from Sackett s Harbor on an ex-\\npedition against York, the capital of Upper Canada. On the 27th, the whole force land-\\ned near York, and were led on by Gen. Pike in person against the British works. They\\nadvanced through the woods, and after carrying one battery by assault in the most gal-\\nlant manner, moved on in columns towards the main work. The fire of the enemy was\\nsoon silenced by the fire of the American artillery, and a flag of surrender was expected,\\nwhen a tremendous explosion suddenly took place from the British magazine, which had\\nbeen previously prepared for this purpose. An immense, quantity of large stones were\\nthrown with terrible force in every direction, one of which struck Gen. Pike on the\\nbreast, and inflicted a mortal wound. The troops, recovering from their confusion, were\\ninstantly formed again and as a body of them passed by their wounded general, he\\nsaid Pusli on, brave fellows, and avenge your general. While the surgeons were car-\\nrying him out of the field, a tumultuous huzza was heard Pike turned his head, with\\nan anxious look of inquiry he was told by a sergeant, The British union-jack is com-\\ning down, general the stars are going up He heaved a heavy sigh, and smiled. He\\nwas then carried on board the commodore s ship, where he lingered for a few hours.\\nJust before he breathed his last, the British standard was brought to liim he made a\\nsign to have it placed under his head, and expired without a groan.\\nThe following inscriptions are from monuments in the graveyard\\nin the village of Woodbridge\\nIn memory of Dr. Moses Bloomfield, 40 years a physician and surgeon, in this town,\\nsenior physician and surgeon in the hospital of the United States, representative in the\\nprovincial congress and general assembly, an upright magistrate, elder of the Presbyte-\\nrian church, c. Born 4th Dec, 1729, died 14th Aug., 1791, in his 63d year. Tim.\\ni. 12, I know in whom I have believed.\\nHere is interred the precious remains of Mrs. Ruth Piejison, wife of the Rev. Mr.\\nJohn Pierson, and daughter of the Rev. Timothy Woodbridge, of Hartford, in New Eng-\\nland, who fell asleep in Jesus, 7th of January, 1732, aetatis 38.\\nReposed to rest, in this cold bed do lie\\nRemains of meekness, prudence, piety", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0334.jp2"}, "335": {"fulltext": "MONMOUTH COUNTY. 327\\nBest of Christians, parents, wives, and friends,\\nGrim death to this dark house remorseless sends\\nOnce dear to all, still dear to Christ, who ll make\\nThis dust revive, and in his likeness wake.\\nMONMOUTH COUNTY.\\nMonmouth co. was first established in 1675, but its boundaries\\nwere definitely settled in 1709-10 and 1713-14. Its extreme length\\nis 65, and extreme breadth 32 m. it is bounded N. by Raritan bay,\\nE. by the Atlantic ocean, SW. by Burlington co., and NW. by Mid-\\ndlesex and Mercer cos. The soil is generally light, and the middle\\nand southern part mostly covered with pines. The surface is level,\\nexcepting in the township of Middletown. Agriculture is the chief\\nbusiness of the upper part of the county, and there are there many\\nfarms under the highest state of cultivation. Marl abounds in this\\nregion, and land, once comparatively valueless, has been rendered\\nvery productive by this manure. Peat, mixed with a small portion\\nof lime, is growing into use in the western part of the county for\\nfertilizing the land, and this material, fortunately, is in most cases\\nfound where most required, viz., without the limits of the marl\\nformation. In the central and southern portions of the county,\\nthere are a few settlements and furnaces scattered among the\\npines. Along the sea-coast are several flourishing villages, from\\nwhich large quantities of wood and charcoal are exported. From\\nthese places sail many coasting vessels, manned by skilful seamen,\\nunsurpassed by any in the Union. This county was originally set-\\ntled by Dutch, Scotch, and some New England emigrants, who\\nremoved here about the year 1664. Twenty years later, it was\\nthe most wealthy county in the province, and paid the greatest\\namount of taxes. In the war of the revolution it suffered severely.\\nIts easy access from New York, and the safe anchorage for vessels\\nwithin Sandy Hook, rendered it a favorite resort of the royalists\\nfor forage and plunder. Some of its inhabitants were awed into\\nsubmission to the crown, and took up arms against their former\\nneighbors, between whom occurred many sanguinary conflicts.\\nWithin its borders occurred one of the severest battles of the war.\\nMonmouth co. is divided into 7 townships, viz\\nDover, Howell, Shrewsbury, Upper Freehold.\\nFreehold, Middletown, Stafford,\\nThe population in 1810, was 22,150; in 1820, 25,038; in 1830,\\n29,233; in 1840, 32,873.\\nDOVER.\\nThis township was first formed from Shrewsbury, in 1767, and\\nincorporated by the state legislature in 1798. It is about 20 m.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0335.jp2"}, "336": {"fulltext": "328 MONMOUTH COUNTY.\\nlong, 16 wide, and is bounded N. by Freehold, Upper Freehold, and\\nHowell, E. by the Atlantic ocean, S. by Stafford, and W. by Nor-\\nthampton and Hanover, Burlington co. There are in the township\\n20 stores, 2 furnaces, 2 forges, 4 grist-m., 6 saw-m. cap. in manu-\\nfac. $1,900; 10 schools, 824 scholars. Pop. 2,731.\\nAlong the seashore is a strip of fertile land the remaining por-\\ntion of the township is covered with pine, oak, maple, and cedar.\\nOutside of Barnegat bay, parallel with the coast, Island and Squan\\nbeach stretch along for about 20 miles.\\nThe thriving village of Toms River is on both banks of the river\\nof the same name, which is crossed by a handsome wooden bridge.\\nIt is 25 miles S. of Freehold, and contains about 70 dwellings, 5\\nmercantile stores, and a Methodist church. The chief business is\\nthe exportation of cord- wood and timber, in which many coasting\\nvessels are engaged. Cedar Creek or Williamsburg, 7 miles S. of\\nToms River, contains about 25 dwellings. Goodluck is a small set-\\ntlement about half a mile SW. of the latter. Forked River, 2 miles\\nbelow Goodluck, has about 20 dwellings, a grist-mill, 2 stores, and\\nseveral mechanic shops. Considerable wood and charcoal are ex-\\nported from here. At the Phoenix and Manchester furnaces, in the\\nN. part of the township, large quantities of iron have been manu-\\nfactured. A railroad has lately been constructed from the latter\\nplace, 9 miles in length, to Toms River. Dover and Farrago fur-\\nnaces are in the central part. There are saw-mills scattered on\\nthe various streams by which the township is abundantly watered,\\nat which are annually prepared immense quantities of lumber for\\nmarket.\\nIn the American revolution, a rude fort or blockhouse was erect-\\ned a short distance N. of the bridge, at the village of Toms River,\\non a hill about a hundred yards E. of the road to Freehold, on land\\nnow belonging to the heirs of Elijah Robins, deceased. In the lat-\\nter part of the war this blockhouse w r as attacked by a superior\\nforce of the enemy. Its commander, Capt. Huddy, most gallantly\\ndefended it until his ammunition was expended, and no alternative\\nbut surrender left. After the little brave garrison was in their\\npower, it is said they deliberately murdered five men asking for\\nquarters. From thence Capt. Huddy, Justice Randolph, and the\\nremaining prisoners, were taken to New York, when, suffering the\\nvarious progressions of barbarity inflicted upon those destined to\\na violent or lingering death, those two gentlemen, with a Mr. Flem-\\ning, were put into the hold of a vessel. Capt. Huddy was ironed\\nhand and foot, and shortly after barbarously hanged on the shore at\\nthe Highlands of Navisink. Annexed is the British account of\\nthis expedition, taken from Rivington s Royal Gazette\\nThe authentic account of the expedition against the rebel post on Toms river, New\\nJersey, under the Honorable Board of Associated Loyalists\\nOn Wednesday the 20th inst., [March, 1782,] Lieut. Blanchard, of the armed whale-\\nboats, and about eighty men belonging to them, with Capt. Thomas and Lieut. Roberts,\\nboth of the late Bucks county volunteers, and between thirty and forty other refugee\\nloyalists, the whole under the command of Lieut. Blanchard, proceeded to Sandy Hook,", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0336.jp2"}, "337": {"fulltext": "MONMOUTH COUNTY. 329\\nunder convoy of Capt. Stewart Ross, in the armed brig Arrogant, where they were de-\\ntained by unfavorable winds until the 23d. About 12 o clock on that night, the party\\nlanded near the mouth of Toms river, and marched to the blockhouse at the town of\\nDover, [now Toms River,] and reached it just at daylight. On their Way they were\\nchallenged and fired upon, and when they came to the works they found the rebels, con-\\nsisting of twenty-five or twenty-six twelve months men and militia, apprized of their com-\\ning, and prepared for defence.\\nThe post into which they had thrown themselves was about six or seven feet high,\\nmade with large logs with loop-holes between, and a number of brass swivels on the top,\\nwhich was entirely open, nor was there any way of entering but by climbing over. They\\nhad, besides swivels, muskets with bayonets, and long pikes for their defence. Lieut.\\nBlanchard summoned them to surrender, which they not only refused, but bid the party\\ndefiance on which he immediately ordered the place to be stormed, which was accord-\\ningly done, and though defended with obstinacy, was soon carried. The rebels had\\nnine men killed in the assault, and twelve made prisoners, two of whom are wounded.\\nThe rest made their escape in the confusion. Among the killed was a major of the mili-\\ntia, two captains, and one lieutenant. The captain of the twelve months men stationed\\nthere, is amongst the prisoners, who are all brought safe to town. On our side, two\\nwere killed Lieut. Iredel, of the armed boatmen, and Lieut. Inslee, of the loyalists,\\nboth very brave officers, who distinguished themselves on the attack, and whose loss is\\nmuch lamented. Lieut. Roberts and five others are wounded, but it is thought none of\\nthem are in a dangerous way.\\nThe Town, as it is called, consisting of about a dozen houses, in which none but a\\npiratical set of banditti resided, together with a grist and saw-mill, were with the block-\\nhouse burned to the ground, and an iron cannon spiked and thrown into the river. A\\nfine large barge, (called Hyler s barge,) and another boat in which the rebels used to\\nmake their excursions on the coast, were brought off Some other attempts were intend-\\ned to have been made, but the appearance of bad weather, and the situation of the\\nwounded, being without either surgeon or medicines, induced the party to return to New\\nYork, where they arrived on the twenty-fifth.\\nFREEHOLD.\\nThis township was incorporated in 1 798. Its extreme length is 23,\\nbreadth 10 miles. It is bounded NW. by South Amboy and Mon-\\nroe, Middlesex co. E. by Middletown, Shrewsbury, and Howell\\nS. by Dover, and W. by Upper Freehold. Its surface is level or un-\\ndulating soil, sand, loam, and clay. The southern part is covered\\nwith pines, the northern and middle fertile, abounding in fine farms,\\nfertilized by marl of an excellent quality. There are in the town-\\nship 12 stores, 11 grist-m., 11 saw-m. cap. in manufac. $21,165;\\n17 schools, 637 scholars. Pop. 6,303.\\nFreehold, the seat of justice for Monmouth county, is on a plain\\nin the eastern part of the township, slightly elevated above the sur-\\nrounding country, and distant from Trenton 30 miles. The village\\nis handsomely built, containing many large dwellings with spacious\\ngrounds, exhibiting evidence of wealth and refinement. It has 4\\nhotels, 6 mercantile stores, the county buildings, an academy, 2\\nnewspaper printing-offices, about 450 inhabitants, and 5 churches,\\nviz 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, 1 Reformed Dutch, 1 Presbyterian,\\nand 1 Baptist. Of these the Episcopal is the most ancient. It was\\nstanding in the revolution, and used for barracks by the soldiery.\\nBalls, mementoes of those perilous times, have been found buried in\\nits walls. This village properly dates its origin from the period\\nwhen the county courts were held here in 1735, and in olden times\\n42", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0337.jp2"}, "338": {"fulltext": "330\\nMONMOUTH COUNTY.\\nwas known by the appellation of Monmouth Courthouse. A\\nshort time after, the first courthouse was erected, just in front of\\nthe site of the present one, near the street. It was of antique ar-\\nchitecture, of wood, had a peaked roof, and the main body of the\\nstructure was clapboarded with shingles. About the year 1800,\\nupon the erection of the present handsome edifice, it was removed\\nView of the Courthouse, Freehold.\\nacross the street, and used as a barn. Some of the original timber\\nis now preserved in an outbuilding in the village. The new court-\\nhouse, together with the county offices, are of brick, erected at an\\nexpense not far from $28,000. This village will ever be memora-\\nble in American history on account of one of the most sanguinar3 r\\nbattles of the revolution being fought in its vicinity the battle of\\nMonmouth, June 28th, 1778.\\nBATTLE OF MONMOUTH.\\nThe main army of the Americans, after crossing Coryell s ferry,\\n(now Lambertville, Hunterdon co.,) on the 20th and 21st of June,\\nproceeded by the way of Hopewell, Rocky Hill, Kingston, and\\nCranberry, and on the 28th overtook, at Monmouth Courthouse,\\nthe British army, then on their retreat through New Jersey from\\nPhiladelphia to New York. Annexed is Washington s account of\\nthe battle, given in a letter to the President of Congress.\\nEnglishtown, July 1, 1778.\\nSir I embrace this first moment of leisure to give congress a more full\\nand particular account of the movements of the army under my command,\\nsince its passing the Delaware, than the situation of our affairs would here-\\ntofore permit.\\nI had the honor to advise them, that on the appearance of the enemy s in-\\ntentions to march through Jersey becoming serious, I had detached General\\nMaxwell s brigade, in conjunction with the militia of that state, to interrupt\\nand impede their progress by every obstruction in their power, so as to give", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0338.jp2"}, "339": {"fulltext": "MONMOUTH COUNTY. 331\\ntime to the army under my command to come up with them, and take ad-\\nvantage of any favorable circumstances that might present themselves. The\\narmy having proceeded to Coryell s ferry, and crossed the Delaware at that\\nplace, I immediately detached Col. Morgan, with a select corps of 600 men,\\nto reinforce Gen. Maxwell, and marched with the main body toward\\nPrinceton.\\nThe slow advances of the enemy had greatly the air of design, and led\\nme with many others to suspect that Gen. Clinton, desirous of a general ac-\\ntion, was endeavoring to draw us down into the lower country, in order by\\na rapid movement to gain our right, and take possession of the strong ground\\nabove us. This consideration, and to give the troops time to repose and re-\\nfresh themselves from the fatigues they had experienced from rainy and ex-\\ncessive hot weather, determined me to holt at Hopewell township, about five\\nmiles from Princeton, where we remained until the morning of the 25th.\\nOn the preceding day I made a second detachment of 1,500 chosen troops,\\nunder Brigadier-general Scott, to reinforce those already in the vicinity of\\nthe enemy, the more effectually to annoy and delay their march.\\nThe next day the army moved to Kingston, and having received intelli-\\ngence that the enemy were prosecuting their route toward Monmouth\\nCourthouse, I dispatched 1,000 select men under Brigadier-general Wayne,\\nand sent the Marquis de Lafayette to take the command of the whole of the\\nadvanced corps, including Maxwell s brigade and Morgan s light-infantry,\\nwith orders to take the first fair opportunity of attacking the enemy s rear.\\nIn the evening of the same day the whole army advanced from Kingston,\\nwhere our baggage was left, with intention to preserve a proper distance for\\nsupporting the advanced corps, and arrived at Cranberry early the next\\nmorning. The intense heat of the weather, and a heavy storm unluckily\\ncoming on, made it impossible for us to resume our march that day, without\\ngreat inconvenience and injury to the troops. Our advanced corps being\\ndifferently circumstanced, moved from the position it had held the night be-\\nfore, and took post in the evening on the Monmouth road, about five miles\\nfrom the enemy s rear, in the expectation of attacking them the next morn-\\ning on their march. The main body having remained at Cranberry, the ad-\\nvanced corps was found to be too remote, and too far upon the right, to be\\nsupported either in case of an attack upon, or from the enemy, which in-\\nduced me to send orders to the marquis to file off by his left toward Eng-\\nlishtown, which he accordingly executed early in the morning of the 27th.\\nThe enemy, in marching from Allentown, had changed their disposition,\\nand placed their best troops in the rear consisting of all the grenadiers,\\nlight-infantry, and chasseurs of the line. This alteration made it necessary\\nto increase the number of our advanced corps, and in consequence of which\\nI detached Major-general Lee, with two brigades, to join the marquis at\\nEnglishtown, on whom of course the command of the whole devolved,\\namounting to about 5,000 men. The main army marched the same day,\\nand encamped within three miles of that place. Morgan s corps was left\\nhovering on the enemy s right flank, and the Jersey militia, amounting at\\nthis time to about 700 or 800 men, under Gen. Dickinson, on their left.\\nThe enemy were now encamped in a strong position, with their right ex-\\ntending about a mile and a half beyond the courthouse, in the parting of the\\nroad leading to Shrewsbury and Middletown, and their left along the road\\nfrom Allentown to Monmouth, about three miles this side of the courthouse.\\nTheir right flank lay on the skirt of a small wood, while their left was se-\\ncured by a very thick one a morass running toward their rear, and their", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0339.jp2"}, "340": {"fulltext": "332 MONMOUTH COUNTY.\\nwhole front covered by a wood, and to a considerable extent toward the left\\nwith a morass. In this situation they halted, until the morning of the 28th.\\nMatters being thus situated, and having had the best information, that if\\nthe enemy were once arrived at the heights of Middletown, 10 or 12 miles\\nfrom where they were, it would be impossible to attempt any thing against\\nthem with a prospect of success, I determined to attack their rear the mo-\\nment they should get in motion from their present ground. I communicated\\nmy intention to Gen. Lee, and ordered him to make his disposition for the\\nattack, and to keep his troops constantly lying upon their arms, to be in\\nreadiness at the shortest notice. This was done with respect to the troops\\nunder my immediate command.\\nAbout five in the morning Gen. Dickinson sent an express, informing that\\nthe front of the enemy had begun their march. I instantly put the army in\\nmotion, and sent orders by one of my aids to Gen. Lee, to move on and at-\\ntack them, unless there should be very powerful reasons to the contrary\\nacquainting him at the same time that I was marching to support him, and\\nfor doing it with the greatest expedition and convenience, should make the\\nmen disencumber themselves of their packs and blankets.\\nAfter marching five miles, to my great surprise and mortification, I met\\nthe whole advanced corps retreating, and, as I was told, by Gen. Lee s or-\\nders, without having made any opposition, except one fire, given by the par-\\nty under the command of Col. Butler, on their being charged by the enemy s\\ncavalry, who were repulsed. I proceeded immediately to the rear of the\\ncorps, which I found closely pressed by the enemy, and gave directions for\\nforming part of the retreating troops, who, by the brave and spirited con-\\nduct of the officers, aided by some pieces of well-served artillery, checked\\nthe enemy s advances, and gave time to make a disposition of the left wing\\nand second lines of the army upon an eminence and in a wood a little in\\nthe rear, covered by a morass in front. On this were placed some batteries\\nof cannon, by Lord Stirling, who commanded the left wing, which played\\nupon the enemy with great effect, and seconded by parties of infantry de-\\ntached to oppose them, effectually put a stop to their advance.\\nGen. Lee being detached with the advanced corps, the command of the\\nright wing was given, for the occasion, to Gen. Greene. For the expedi-\\ntion of the march, and to counteract any attempt to turn our right, I had\\nordered him to file off by the new church 2 miles from Englishtown, and\\nfall into the Monmouth road, a small distance in the rear of the courthouse,\\nwhile the rest of the column moved on directly toward the courthouse. On\\nintelligence of the retreat, he marched up, and took up a very advantageous\\nposition on the right.\\nThe enemy, by this time finding themselves warmly opposed in front,\\nmade an attempt to turn our left flank but they were bravely repulsed,\\nand driven back by detached parties of infantry. They also made a move-\\nment toward our right, with as little success; Gen. Greene having ad-\\nvanced a body of troops, with artillery, to a commanding piece of ground,\\nwhich not only disappointed their design of turning our right, but severely\\nenfiladed those in front of the left wing. In addition to this, Gen. Wayne\\nadvanced with a body of troops, and kept up so severe and well-directed a\\nfire, that the enemy were soon compelled to retire behind the defi4e where\\nthe first stand in the beginning of the action was made.\\nIn this situation, the enemy had both their flanks secured by thick woods\\nand morasses, while their front could only be approached through a narrow", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0340.jp2"}, "341": {"fulltext": "MONMOUTH COUNTY. 333\\npass. I resolved, nevertheless, to attack them, and for that purpose or-\\ndered Gen. Poor, with his own and the Carolina brigade, to move round\\nupon their right, and Gen. Woodford upon their left, and the artillery to gall\\nthem in front but the impediments in the way prevented their getting with-\\nin reach before it was dark. They remained upon the ground they had\\nbeen directed to occupy, during the night, with intention to begin the attack\\nearly the next morning and the army continued lying upon their arms in\\nthe field of action, to be ready to support them. In the mean time, the ene-\\nmy were employed in removing their wounded, and, about 12 o clock at\\nnight, marched away in such silence, that, although Gen. Poor lay extreme-\\nly near them, they effected their retreat without his knowledge. They car-\\nried off all their wounded except four officers and about forty privates, whose\\nwounds were too dangerous to permit their removal. The extreme heat of\\nthe weather, the fatigue of the men from their march through a deep, sandy\\ncountry, almost entirely destitute of water, and the distance the enemy had\\ngained by marching in the night, made a pursuit impracticable and fruitless.\\nIt would have answered no valuable purpose, and proved fatal to numbers\\nof our men, several of whom died the preceding day with heat.\\nWere I to conclude my account of this day s transactions without ex-\\npressing my obligations to the officers of the army in general, I should do\\ninjustice to their merit, and violence to my own feelings. They seemed to\\nvie with each other in manifesting their zeal and bravery. The catalogue\\nof those who distinguished themselves, is too long to admit of particularizing\\nindividuals. I cannot, however, forbear mentioning Brigadier-general\\nWayne, whose conduct and bravery during the whole action deserve par-\\nticular commendation. The behavior of the troops in general, after they\\nrecovered from the first surprise occasioned by the retreat of the advanced\\ncorps, was such as could not be surpassed.\\nAll the artillery, both officers and men, that were engaged, distinguished\\nthemselves in a remarkable manner.\\nEnclosed, congress will be pleased to receive a return of our killed and\\nwounded. Among the first, were Lieut. Col. Bunner, of Pennsylvania, and\\nMaj. Dickinson, of Virginia, both distinguished officers, and much to be\\nregretted. The enemy s slain on the field, and buried by us, according to\\nthe return of the persons assigned to that duty, were four officers, and 245\\nprivates. In the former was the Hon. Col. Monckton. Exclusive of these,\\nthey buried some themselves, as there were several new graves near the\\nfield of battle. How many men they have had wounded, cannot be deter-\\nmined but, from the usual proportion, the number must have been conside-\\nrable. There were a few prisoners taken.\\nThe peculiar situation of Gen. Lee at this time, requires that I should\\nsay nothing of his conduct. He is now in arrest. The charges against\\nhim, with such sentence as the court-martial may decree in his case, shall\\nbe transmitted, for the approbation or disapprobation of congress, as soon as\\nit shall have passed.\\nBeing fully convinced, by the gentlemen of this country, that the enemy\\ncannoi be hurt or injured in their embarkation at Sandy Hook, (the place\\nto which they are now moving,) and unwilling to get too far removed\\nfrom the North river, I put the troops in motion early this morning, and\\nshall proceed that way, leaving the Jersey Brigade, Morgan s corps, and\\nother light parties, (the militia being all dismissed,) to hover about them,\\ncountenance desertion, and prevent depredations as far as possible. After", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0341.jp2"}, "342": {"fulltext": "334 MONMOUTH COUNTY.\\nthey embark, the former will take post in the neighborhood of Elizabeth-\\ntown, the latter rejoin the corps from which they were detached. I have the\\nhonor, c. G. Washington.\\nReturn of the killed, wounded, and missing, of the American army, in the battle of\\nMonmouth, on the 28th day of June, 1778.\\nKilled 1 lieutenant-colonel, 1 major, 3 captains, 2 lieutenants, 1 sergeant, 52 rank\\nand file.\\nWounded 2 colonels, 8 captains, 4 first lieutenants, 2 second lieutenants, 1 ensign, 1\\nadjutant, 8 sergeants, 1 drummer, 120 rank and file.\\nMissing 5 sergeants, 126 rank and file. Some of the missing, dropped through fa-\\ntigue and hardship, since come in.\\nArtillery. Killed 1 first lieutenant, 7 matrosses, 1 bombardier. Wounded 1 cap-\\ntain, 1 sergeant, 1 corporal, 1 gunner, 10 matrosses. Missing 1 matross. Six horses\\nkilled, and two wounded.\\nThe following is extracted from the General Orders, issued the\\nday after the battle of Monmouth, and dated, Head-quarters, Free-\\nhold, June 29, 1778\\nThe commander-in-chief congratulates the army on the victory obtained over the arms\\nof his Britannic Majesty, and thanks most sincerely the gallant officers and men who\\ndistinguished themselves upon this occasion, and such others as, by their good order and\\ncoolness, gave the happiest presage of what might have been expected had they come to\\naction.\\nGen. Dickinson, and the militia of this state, are also thanked for their nobleness in\\nopposing the enemy on their march from Philadelphia, and for the aid which they have\\ngiven in embarrassing and impeding their motions so as to allow the continental troops\\nto come up with them.\\nIt is with peculiar pleasure the commander-in-chief, in addition to the above, can in-\\nform Gen. Knox, and the officers of the artillery, that the enemy have done them the\\njustice to acknowledge that no artillery could have been better served than ours\\nThe following is the British account of the battle of Monmouth,\\ngiven in a letter from Sir Henry Clinton to Lord George Germaine,\\nand published in the London Gazette of Aug. 24th, 1778\\nNew York, July 5th, 1778.\\nMy Lord I have the honor to inform your lordship that, pursuant to his majesty s\\ninstructions, I evacuated Philadelphia on the 18th of June, at three o clock in the morn-\\ning, and proceeded to Gloucester Point, without being followed by the enemy. Every\\nthing from thence being passed in safety across the Delaware, through the excellent dis-\\nposition made by our admiral to secure our passage, the army marched at ten o clock,\\nand reached Haddonfield the same day. A strong corps of the enemy having, upon our\\napproach, abandoned the difficult pass of Mount Holly, the army proceeded, without\\nany interruption from them, except by what was occasioned by their having destroyed\\nevery bridge on our road. As the country is much intersected with marshy rivulets, the ob-\\nstructions we met with were frequent and the excessive heat of the weather rendered\\nthe labor of repairing the bridges severely felt.\\nThe advanced parties of our light troops arriving unexpectedly at Crosswicks, on the\\n23d, after a trifling skirmish, prevented the enemy from destroying a bridge over a large\\ncreek at that village; and the army passed it the next morning. One column, under\\nthe command of his excellency Lieut. Gen. Knyphausen, halted near Imlay s town\\nand as the provision train and heavy artillery were stationed in that division, the other\\ncolumn, under Lieut. Gen. Earl Cornwallis, took a position at Allen s town, which cov-\\nered the other encampment. Thus far, my lord, my march pointed equally toward Hud-\\nson river and Staten Island, by the Raritan. I was now at the juncture when it was\\nnecessary to decide ultimately what course to pursue. Encumbered as I was by an\\nenormous provision train, c, to which impediment the probability of obstructions and\\nlength of my march obliged me to submit, I was led to wish for a route less liable to ob-\\nstacles than those above mentioned.\\nI had received intelligence that Gen. Washington and Lee had passed the Dela-\\nware, with their army, had assembled a numerous militia, from all the neighboring prov-", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0342.jp2"}, "343": {"fulltext": "MONMOUTH COUNTY. 335\\ninces and that Gates, with an army from the northward, was advancing to join them\\non the Raritan. As I could not hope that, after having always hitherto so studiously\\navoided a general action, they would now give in to it, against every dictate of policy,\\nI could only suppose his views were directed against my baggage, c, in which part I\\nwas indeed vulnerable. This circumstance alone would have tempted me to avoid the\\ndifficult passage of the Raritan but when I reflected that from Sandy Hook I should\\nbe able, with more expedition, to carry his majesty s further orders into execution, I did\\nnot hesitate to order the army into the road which leads through Freehold to the Navi-\\nsink. The approach of the enemy s army being denoted by the frequent appearance of\\ntheir light troops on our rear, I requested his excellency Lieut. Gen. Knyphausen to take\\nthe baggage of the whole army under the charge of his division, consisting of the troops\\nmentioned in the margin.* Under the head of baggage was comprised not only all the\\nwheel-carriages, of every department, but also the bat-horses a train which, as the\\ncountry admitted but of one route for carriages, extended near twelve miles. The indis-\\npensable necessity I was under of securing these is obvious, and the difficulty of doing\\nit, in a most woody country, against an army far superior in numbers, will, I trust, be no\\nless so.\\nI desired Lieut. Gen. Knyphausen to move at daybreak, on the 28th and that I might\\nnot press upon him, in the first part of the march, in which we had but one route, I did\\nnot follow him with the other divisiont until near eight o clock. Soon after I had\\nmarched, reconnoitering parties of the enemy appeared on our left flank. The Queen s\\nRangers fell in with and dispersed some detachments, among the woods, in the same\\nquarter. Our rear-guard having descended from the heights, above Freehold, into a plain\\nnear three miles in length, and about one mile in breadth, several columns of the enemy\\nappeared likewise descending into the plain and about ten o clock they began to cannonade\\nour rear. Intelligence was this moment brought me that the enemy were discovered\\nmarching in force on both our flanks. I was convinced that our baggage was their\\nobject but it being in this juncture engaged in the defiles, which continued for some\\nmiles, no means occurred of parrying the blow, but attacking the corps which harassed\\nour rear, and pressing it so hard as to oblige the detachments to return from our flanks\\nto its assistance.\\nI had good information that Gen. Washington was up with his whole army, esti-\\nmated at about 20,000 but as I knew there were two defiles between him and the corps\\nat which I meant to strike, I judged that he could not have passed them with a\\ngreater force than what Lord Cornwallis s division was well able to engage and had\\nI even met his whole army in the passage of those defiles, I had but little to apprehend\\nbut his situation might have been critical.\\nThe enemy s cavalry, commanded, it is said, by M. Lafayette, having approached\\nour reach, they were charged, with great spirit, by the Queen s Light Dragoons. They\\ndid not wait the shock, but fell back, in confusion, upon their own infantry.\\nThinking it possible that the event might draw to a general action, I sent for a\\nbrigade of British, and the 17th Light Dragoons, from Lieut. Gen. Knyphausen s division\\nand having directed them, on their arrival, to take a position effectually covering our\\nright flank, of which I was most jealous, I made a disposition of attack on the plain.\\nBut before I could advance, the enemy fell back, and took a strong position on the\\nheights above Freehold courthouse. The heat of the weather was intense, and our men\\nalready suffered severely from fatigue. But our circumstances obliged us to make a\\nvigorous exertion. The British Grenadiers, with their left to the village of Freehold,\\nand the Guards on the right of the Grenadiers, began the attack with such spirit, that\\nthe enemy gave way immediately. The second line of the enemy stood the attack with\\ngreater obstinacy, but was likewise completely routed. They then took a third position,\\nwith a marshy hollow in front, over which it would have been scarcely possible to have\\nattacked them. However, part of the second line made a movement to the front, occu-\\npied some ground on the enemy s left flank, and the Light Infantry and Queen s Ran-\\ngers turned their left.\\nBy this time our men were so overpowered with fatigue, that I could press the affair\\n17th Light Dragoons, 2d battalion of Light Infantry, Hessian Yagers, 1st and 2d\\nbrigades British, Stern s and Loo s brigades of Hessians, Pennsylvania Loyalists, West\\nJersey Volunteers, Maryland Loyalists.\\nt 16th Light Dragoons, 1st battalion of British Grenadiers, 2d ditto, 1st battalion\\nof Light Infantry, Hessian Grenadiers, Guards, 3d, 4lh, 5th brigades British.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0343.jp2"}, "344": {"fulltext": "336\\nMONMOUTH COUNTY.\\nno further especially as I was confident the end was gained for which the attack had\\nbeen made.\\nI ordered the Light Infantry to rejoin me, but a strong detachment of the enemy\\nhaving possessed themselves of a post which would have annoyed them in their retreat,\\nthe 33d regiment made a movement toward the enemy which, with a similar one made\\nby the first Grenadiers, immediately dispersed them.\\nI took the position from which the enemy had been first driven, after they had quitted\\nthe plain and having reposed the troops until ten at night, to avoid the excessive heat\\nof the day, I took advantage of the moonlight to rejoin Lieut. Gen. Knyphausen, who\\nhad advanced to Nut Swamp, near Middletown.\\nOur baggage had been attempted by some of the enemy s light troops, who were re-\\npulsed by the good dispositions made by Lieut. Gen. Knyphausen and Maj. Gen. Grant,\\nand the good countenance of the 40th regiment, whose piquets alone were attacked,\\nand one troop of the 17th Light Dragoons. The two corps which had marched against\\nit (being, as I since learn, a brigade on each flank) were recalled, as I had suspected,\\nat the beginning of the action.\\nIt would be sufficient honor to the troops to barely say, that they had forced a corps,\\nas I am informed, of near 12,000 men, from two strong positions but it will, I doubt\\nnot, be considered doubly creditable when I mention they did it under such disadvan-\\ntages of heat and fatigue, that a great part of those we lost fell dead as they ad-\\nvanced.\\nFearing that my order had miscarried, before I quitted the ground I sent a second,\\nfor a brigade of infantry, the 17th Light Dragoons, and the 2d battalion of Light In-\\nfantry, to meet on the march, to which additional force had Gen. Washington shown\\nhimself the next day, I was determined to attack him but there being not the least\\nappearance of an enemy, I suspected he might have passed a considerable corps to a\\nstrong position, near Middletown I therefore left the rear-guard on its march, and de-\\ntached Maj. Gen. Grant to take post there, which was effected on the 29th. The whole\\narmy marched to this position the next day, and then fell back to another, near Navi-\\nsink where I waited two days, in the hope that Mr. Washington might have been\\ntempted to advance to the position near Middletown, which we had quitted in which\\ncase I might have attacked him to advantage.\\nDuring this time the sick and wounded were embarked, and preparations made for\\npassing to Sandy Hook island, by a bridge, which by the extraordinary labors of the\\nmen was soon completed, and over which the whole army passed, in about two hours\\ntime the horses and cattle having been previously transported.\\nYour lordship will receive herewith a return of the killed, wounded, missing, c, of\\nhis majesty s troops, on the 28th of last month. That of the enemy is supposed to have\\nbeen more considerable, especially in killed.\\nThe loss of Lieut. Col. Monckton, who commanded the 2d battalion of Grenadiers,\\nis much to be lamented.\\nI am much indebted to Lord Cornwallis for his zealous services, on every occasion\\nand I found great support from the activity of Maj. Gen. Grey, Brig. Gens. Matthew,\\nLeslie, and Sir William Erskine.\\nI beo- leave to refer your lordship, for any other particulars which you may wish to\\nbe informed of, to Col. Patterson, who will have the honor of delivering these dis-\\npatches, and whose services in this country entitle him to every mark of your lordship s\\nfavor.\\nI have the honor to be, c. H. CLINTON.\\nReturn of the killed, wounded, missing, J-c, of the troops under the command of Gen.\\nSir Henry Clinton, in an engagement with the Rebel army, on the heights of Free-\\nhold, Monmouth county, New Jersey, the 28th of June, 1778.\\nTotal British. 1 lieutenant-colonel, 1 captain, 2 lieutenants, 4 sergeants, 56 rank and\\nfile killed 3 sergeants, 45 rank and file died with fatigue 1 colonel, 1 lieutenant. col-\\nonel, 1 major, 7 captains, 5 lieutenants, 7 sergeants, 137 rank and file wounded; 7 ser-\\ngeants, 61 rank and file missing.\\nTotal Germax. 1 rank and file killed, 11 rank and file died with fatigue, 11 rank\\nand file wounded.\\nGeneral Total. 1 lieutenant-colonel, 1 captain, 2 lieutenants, 4 sergeants, 57 rank\\nand file killed 3 sergeants, 56 rank and file died with fatigue 1 colonel, 1 lieutenant-\\ncolonel, 1 major, 7 captains, 5 lieutenants, 7 sergeants, 148 rank and file wounded 7\\nsergeants, 61 rank and file missing", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0344.jp2"}, "345": {"fulltext": "MONMOUTH COUNTY. 337\\nNames and rank of the officers returned, killed and wounded, on the 28th of June, 1778.\\nRoyal Artillery Lieut. Vaughan, killed. 1st Grenadiers Capt. Gore, of the 5th com-\\npany, killed. 2d Grenadiers Lieut. Col. Hon. H. Monckton, of the 5th company, (com-\\nmanding the battalion Lieut. Kenedy, of the 44th company, killed. 1st Grenadiers\\nCapt. Cathcart, of the 15th company; Capt. Bereton, of the 17th company; Captain\\nWillis, of the 23d company, wounded. 2d Grenadiers Major Gardner, of the 10th\\ncompany Capt. Leighton, of the 46th company Capt. Powell, of the 52d company\\nLieut. Gilchrist, of the 42d company Lieut. Kelly, of the 44th company Lieut. Pau-\\nmier, of the 45th company Lieut. Goroffe, of the 52d company, wounded. Foot\\nGuards Col. Trelawney, Capt. Bellue, wounded. 15th Regiment Capt. Ditmas, (at-\\ntached to the 2d Grenadiers,) wounded. Marines Lieut. Dcsborough, (attached to the\\n2d Grenadiers,) wounded. Queen s American Rangers Lieut. Col. Simcoe, wounded.\\nH. CLINTON.\\nThe annexed account of the battle of Monmouth is translated\\nfor this work from a French publication, entitled Historical and\\nPolitical Essays on the North American Revolution, by M. Milliard\\nd Auberteuil. Published at Brussels and Paris, 1782. The ac-\\ncompanying plan of the battle is reduced from one in this work.\\nHaving arrived at the heights of Princeton on the 23d, Washington sent a new de-\\ntachment, under the command of Marquis de Lafayette, to harass the enemy during their\\nmarch but this detachment being too feeble and incompetent to undertake more than\\nlight skirmishes, he forwarded a considerable reinforcement. The M. de Lafayette was\\nto keep command of these united bodies of troops, which were destined to pursue the\\nEnglish in their march to Amboy, and hold them in check until Gen. Washington should\\narrive with the main body of the army but Charles Lee, just delivered from imprison-\\nment, had rejoined the camp, and availing himself of his seniority, claimed his right to\\ncommand. Instead of endeavoring to cut off the English army in its passage, he made\\nonly a feeble movement to gain the advance of the enemy near a small piece of woods,\\na little below the village of Monmouth Courthouse, where the English army had passed\\nthe night of the 27th of June. At this time the English column, deploying itself on the\\nleft, detached a party of dragoons to advance to the right of the Americans, who left\\nthe woods, and opened a discharge from two batteries of cannon, which they had ad-\\nvantageously stationed. Soon the American troops began to withdraw, and to bury\\nthemselves in the woods, from which they emerged in four columns, 1,200 paces above\\ntheir first position. They stationed two batteries within 300 paces of those of the ene-\\nmy two bodies of troops formed to the right of these batteries, but their timid orders\\nobliged them to retire without a discharge. The other brigades, which were beyond the\\nvillage, retreated almost as quickly, without waiting for the enemy, and stopped at a dis-\\ntance of 300 paces, between two woods, in a position which they soon abandoned, to\\nthrow themselves into a wood on the left. They were there vigorously attacked by the\\nEnglish, and retreated still further, leaving behind them an advantageous position, from\\nwhich the English could not have driven them, without traversing a deep ravine, the\\npassage of which could be commanded by two pieces of cannon. It is not easy to see\\nthe occasion of so many successive retreats, so many multiplied mistakes. A panic\\nappears to have seized the detachment under Gen. Lee, or rather the general himself.\\nAt length Washington arrived, and courage began to revive the troops rallied in a po-\\nsition less favorable than most of those which they had abandoned, and there sustained\\na discharge from the English infantry and Col. Stuart, with two pieces of cannon, dis-\\npersed the dragoons who made an attack upon them.\\nWe can well imagine the indignation of Washington, on learning the disorders which\\noccurred before his arrival. Astonished at so many precipitate retreats, he hastened to\\nplace the troops of Lee s detachment in the rear of two lines, which he formed on a\\nneighboring eminence. Observing that the English infantry were preparing to make an\\nattack on the left, commanded by Lord Stirling, he stationed there a battery, which told\\nso well that the enemy was obliged to rally in turn. Gen. Geene led the right a battery\\nof six pieces of cannon, under command of Chevalier Plessis Mauduit, was stationed at\\n500 paces in advance, on the right, taking the English on the flank, and for.-ed them, af-\\nter two hours of incessant firing, to retreat a second time, whilst the corps detached by\\nGen. Washington attacked them in front with great success. Thrice they rallied thrice\\nthey were repulsed finally they were compelled to quit the field, and in their flight to re-\\n43", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0345.jp2"}, "346": {"fulltext": "338\\nMONMOUTH COUNTY.\\nP L A N\\nTHE BATTLE OF MONMOUTH,\\nWhere General Washington commanded the\\nAmerican army, and. General Clinton the\\nEnglish army,\\nJune 28th, 177:.\\nPosition occupied by the English on the eve of the\\nbattle.\\nEnglish column deploying itself to the left, from which\\nwere detached the dragoons, to take a position on\\nthe right of the American columns, which were de-\\nbouching (or emerging) from the woods.\\nFirst battery of the English, which discharged while\\ndeploying.\\nDebouchement of the 1st brigade of the detachment\\nof Gt iu Lee, stationed in the woods, where the\\nthe detachment debouched in four columns.\\nDebouchement of the four columns.\\nSecond battery of the English.\\n6-7 Firs*, and second batteries of the Americans.\\nS Troops formed at the right of the batteries 6 and 7,\\nwhich were ordered to retire without discharging.\\n9 Village of Monmouth, containing the courthouse.\\n10 Troops formed before Monmouth, which withdrew\\nwithout waiting for the enemy.\\n11 First position occupied by all the troops under com-\\nmand of Gen. Lee, where they did not wait for the\\nattack, and from which they threw themselves into\\nthe woods on the left.\\n12 Fierce attack of the English on the troops thrown into\\nthe woods during the retreat from position 11.\\n13 Second position occupied by the rest of the troops,\\nand from which they withdrew when charged by\\nthe Enelish dragoons, which were afterwards dis-\\npersed by Col. Stuart.\\n14 Point from which debouched a body of English, hav-\\ning fired on the rest of the troops which still occu-\\npied position 13.\\n15 Po-ition taken by the troops on retiring from point 13,\\nand from which Gen. Washington took them behind\\nthe line which he had just formed at point 16.\\n16 Position which Gen. Washington occupied by the\\ntroops which came to support Gen. Lee s detach-\\nment.\\n17 English column which advanced to attack the left,\\nand withdrew after recoDnoitering.\\n18 Battery of six pieces, commanded by Chevalier du\\nPlessis Mauduit, and supported by 500 men.\\n19 Position occupied by the Enelieh troops withdrawn\\nfrom points 14 and 17, and from which they were\\nrepulsed with great loss.\\n20 Station occupied by the English after having been\\ndriven from point 19.\\n21 New position token by the English when Washington\\nattacked them, and from which also they were re-\\npulsed.\\n22 Final position of the English, where they passed the\\nnight.\\n/r //a ^nr^\\ni n\\n3I6fl* flV\\nV -V\\n/2 t-UT2/\\n*Pl_A 19\\n12,\\n7 -if,*. A- /Mi*\\nT;^.\\nSI\\nm\\n^xr\\nImiU\\nJZnglishTcwrv", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0346.jp2"}, "347": {"fulltext": "MONMOUTH COUNTY. 339\\npass the same ravine which Gen. Lee had not been able to defend. At a moderate dis-\\ntance they halted, still preserving their front. Washington pursued them in good order,\\nand directed two brigades to advance on each of their flanks. This last attack resulted\\nlike the preceding, but night came on, and interrupted the victory.\\nClinton availed himself of the darkness, not choosing to wait for the hazards of the\\nmorrow he hastened his march toward the road for Amboy, leaving the Americans\\nmasters of the battle-field, covered with wounded and dead. The Germans were so ex-\\nhausted by fatigue and the heat, that many were found dead who had received no wound.\\nCol. Monckton was slain. It was said that, at the last, Sir Henry Clinton left, on the\\nfield, a sack, containing a letter to Gen. Washington, recommending the wounded to his\\nhumanity. The number of English killed in this combat was as great as 300 and this\\nloss was the more important, because Clinton had commenced his attack with veteran\\ngrenadiers and light-infantry. Yet the objects aimed at by Washington were still unac-\\ncomplished his victory still uncertain. He wished to prevent Clinton from passing be-\\nyond Monmouth and re-embarking, but his intentions were frustrated, and although he\\nhad gained the victory, he could not reap from it any advantage. On the other hand,\\nClinton, although vanquished and flying, had secured all he had promised to himself.\\nWashington had accomplished all that his valor and skill could effect, but the fate of the\\nday was compromised before he reached the field of battle. There was great complaint\\nagainst Gen. Lee he was even accused of having bargained with the English while he\\nwas their prisoner his conduct was examined by a court-martial, whose decision, being\\nconfirmed by an act of congress, obliged him to leave the service.\\nThe following incidents relating to the battle, were mainly de-\\nrived from conversation with the venerable Dr. Samuel Forman,\\nnow residing near Freehold, who was on the battle-field the day-\\nafter the action. His father, Mr. David Forman, and Mr. Peter\\nWikoff, acted as guides to Washington, and testified to his extra-\\nordinary coolness and presence of mind amid the exciting scenes\\nof the engagement. We have also drawn a map from personal\\nobservation, giving the roads and other localities as at the pres-\\nent day, together with the most important positions of the two ar-\\nmies as fixed by tradition.\\nThe action commenced in the morning after breakfast, in the\\nvicinity of Briar Hill, (A. see map,) distant a half or three quarters\\nof a mile beyond the courthouse. From thence the Americans\\nunder Lee slowly retreated before the enemy about three miles,\\nuntil they came in the vicinity of the parsonage, (P.) where a final\\nstand was made, and the principal action fought. Here Washing-\\nton met Lee in the field immediately north of this dwelling, and\\nriding up to him, with astonishment asked, What is the meaning\\nof this Lee being somewhat confused, and not distinctly under-\\nstanding the question, replied, Sir! sir! Washington the second\\ntime said, What is all that confusion for, and retreat f Lee re-\\nThis conversation has been variously stated in different accounts, and Weems s Life\\nof Washington imputes grossly insulting language to Lee. That given above is from\\nthe testimony of Capt. Mercer and others, taken from the printed proceedings of the\\nGeneral Court Martial, on the trial of Lee.\\nt Lieut. Col. Brookes, in his testimony at the trial, says, On Washington s coming up\\nto Lee, he said, What is the meaning of all this Lee answered, the contradictory\\nintelligence, and his orders not being obeyed, was the reason of his finding them in that\\nsituation. His Excellency, showing considerable warmth, said he was sorry Gen. Lee\\nundertook the command, unless he meant to fight the enemy, (or words to that effect.)\\nGen. Lee observed that it was his private opinion it was not for the interests of America\\nor the army, (I cannot say winch,) to have a general action, but notwithstanding was", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0347.jp2"}, "348": {"fulltext": "340\\nMONMOUTH COUNTY.\\nplied, He saw no confusion but what arose from his orders not be-\\ning properly obeyed. Washington mentioned that he had cer-\\ntain information that it was but a strong covering party of the ene-\\nmy. Lee answered, It might be so, but they were rather stronger\\nCliurcli B\\nPLAN\\nOF THE\\nBATTLE OF MONMOUTH,\\nFought Sunday, June 28, 1778.\\nREFERENCES.\\nS. Road to Shrewsbury.\\nM. do. Middletown.\\nA. Briar Hill.\\nC. Road to Allentown.\\nE. Washington s main body.\\nH. Comb s Hill.\\nW. Advanced corps of Americans under\\nWayne.\\nP. Parsonage.\\nG. Fence.\\nF. British main army.\\nI. Encampment of do. on the night after\\nthe action.\\nL. Forest now standing.\\nthan he was, and that he did not think it proper to risk so much,\\nor words to that effect. Washington said, You should not have\\nundertaken it, and then passed by him. Shortly after, Washington\\nagain met him, and asked if he would take command there if\\nnot, he (Washington) would if Gen. Lee would take command\\nthere, he would return to the main army and arrange it. Lee re-\\nplied, that his Excellency had before given him the command\\nthere. Washington told him he expected he would take proper\\nmeasures for checking the enemy there. Lee replied that his or-\\nders should be obeyed, and that he would not be the first to leave\\nthe field and Washington then rode to the main army\\nImmediately after this, Col. Hamilton, in great heat, rode up to Lee,\\nand said, I will stay here with you, my dear general, and die with\\nyou let us all die here rather than retreat\\nwilling to obey his orders at all times but in the situation he had been in, he thought it\\nby no means warrantable to bring on an action, or words to that effect.", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0348.jp2"}, "349": {"fulltext": "MONMOUTH COUNTY. 341\\nWhen the action had become general, the British army occupied\\nthe eminence east of the brook, somewhere in the vicinity of F.,\\nthen covered by an apple orchard. The main body of Washington s\\narmy were stationed at E. E., on land considerably lower than the\\nenemy. An advanced corps of the Americans under Wayne was on\\nhigh ground, nearly as much elevated as that of the British at W.,\\nclose by a barn (now down) about twelve rods back of the parson-\\nage, while a park of artillery were on Comb s Hill, (H.) a height\\ncommanding that occupied by the enemy.\\nThe British grenadiers several times crossed the fence, (G.) and\\nadvanced toward the barn, but were as often driven back by the\\nfire of the troops stationed there, and the artillery from Comb s\\nHill. At length Col. Monckton, their leader, made to them a spirit-\\ned address, which was distinctly heard by the Americans at the\\nbarn and parsonage, distant only twenty or thirty rods. They then\\nadvanced in beautiful order, as though on parade. Such was the\\nregularity of their march, that it is said a cannon ball from Comb s\\nHill disarmed a whole platoon. As they approached within a few\\nrods of the barn, Wayne ordered his men to pick out the officers\\nthey thereupon poured in a terrible fire, when almost every Brit-\\nish officer fell, among whom was their leader, the gallant Col.\\nMonckton. The spot near where he was killed is marked to the\\npresent day by an oak stump in the ploughed field about eight rods\\nNE. of the parsonage. A desperate hand to hand straggle then\\noccurred for the possession of his body, in which the Americans\\nfinally succeeded, and the grenadiers were driven back, and did not,\\nit is believed, again advance beyond the fence. At night the ene-\\nmy encamped for a few hours behind the woods L. L., in the vicin-\\nity of I., and after the moon had set, secretly retreated towards the\\nhighlands of Navisink. During the action, Morgan lay with his\\ncorps at Richmond s (now Shumar s) mills, three miles south of the\\ncourthouse, where he had for guides Col. Joseph Haight, Tunis and\\nSamuel Forman. For some unknown reason he did not partici-\\npate in the events of the day. He was waiting for orders in an\\nagony of indecision, walking to and fro for hours within sound of\\nthe conflict, uncertain what course to pursue. Had he received\\ndirections to attack the enemy in rear with his fresh troops, when\\nexhausted by fatigue and heat, their whole army might have been\\ntaken.\\nComparatively few of the Americans were killed on the west\\nside of the brook those in the vicinity of the barn suffered severe-\\nly. The most desperate part of the conflict was in the vicinity of\\nwhere Monckton fell. There the British grenadiers lay in heaps\\nlike sheaves on a harvest-field. Our informant states that they\\ndragged the corpses by the heels to shallow pits dug for the pur-\\npose, and slightly covered them with earth he saw thirteen buried\\nin one hole. For many years after, their graves were indicated by\\nthe luxuriance of the vegetation. Among the enemy s dead was a\\nsergeant of grenadiers, designated as the high sergeant. He was", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0349.jp2"}, "350": {"fulltext": "342 MONMOUTH COUNTY.\\nthe tallest man in the British army, measuring seven feet and four\\ninches in height.\\nThe day was unusually hot even for the season, and both armies\\nsuffered severely the British more than the Americans, because\\nin their woollen uniforms, and burdened with their knapsacks and\\naccoutrements, while the latter were divested of their packs and\\nsuperfluous clothing. The tongues of great numbers were\\nswollen as to render them incapable of speaking. Many of both\\narmies perished solely from heat, and after the battle were seen\\ndead upon the field without mark or wound, under trees and beside\\nthe rivulet, where they had crawled for shade and water. The\\ncountenances of the dead became so blackened as to render it im-\\npossible to recognize individuals. Several houses in Freehold were\\nfilled with the wounded of the enemy, left on their retreat in the\\ncare of their surgeons and nurses. Every room in the courthouse\\nwas tilled. They lay on the floor, on straw, and the supplications\\nof the wounded and the moans of the dying presented a scene of\\nwo. As fast as they died, their corpses were promiscuously thrown\\ninto a pit on the site of the present residence of Dr. Throckmorton,\\nand slightly covered with earth.\\nThe story of a woman who rendered essential service to the\\nAmericans in the battle is founded on fact. She was a female of\\nmasculine mould, and dressed in a mongrel suit, with the petticoats\\nof her own sex and an artillery-man s coat, cocked hat and feath-\\ners. The anecdote usually related is as follows. Before the armies\\nengaged in general action, two of the advanced batteries com-\\nmenced a severe fire against each other. As the heat was exces-\\nsive. Molly, who was the wife of a cannonier, constantly ran to\\nbring her husband water from a neighboring spring. While pass-\\ning to his post she saw him fall, and on hastening to his a i t-\\nance, found him dead. At the same moment she heard an officer\\norder the cannon to be removed from its place, complaining he\\ncould not fill his post with as brave a man as had been killed.\\no. said the intrepid Molly, fixing her eyes upon the officer. the\\ncannon shall not be removed for the want of some one to serve it\\nsince my brave husband is no more, I will use my utmost exertions\\nto avenge his death. The activity and courage with which she\\nperformed the office of cannonier, during the action, attracted the\\nattention of all who witnessed it. and finally of Washington himself,\\nwho afterward gave her the rank of lieutenant, and granted her\\nhalf-pay during fife. She wore an epaulette, and was called ever\\nafter Captain Molly.\\nAmong the American wounded was Lieut. Tallman. He was\\nshot through the throat, and crawled behind the barn to die. Two\\nsoldiers came to his relief; he told them to let him alone, as he had\\nbut a few minutes to live. They lifted him from the ground, and\\nwere retreating with him across the orchard in the rear of the par-\\nsonage, when a musket-ball passing through the hat of one of them,\\nhe hastily abandoned his charge, and ran away. The other sup-", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0350.jp2"}, "351": {"fulltext": "MONMOUTH COUNTY. 343\\nported him to the dwelling of a Mr. Cook, in the vicinity where\\nalso was carried another wounded officer, Capt. Nealey. They\\nwere both confined a long time, and received the kindest treatment\\nfrom the family. Between the latter officer and a daughter of Mr.\\nCook, who had assiduously attended upon him, arose a romantic\\nattachment, finally resulting in marriage. Capt. Cook, of the Vir-\\nginia corps, was shot through the lungs. He was ordered by his\\nsurgeon not to speak. An officer came into the room, and on his\\nnot answering a question, went out and reported him dead. Upon\\nthis intelligence, Washington ordered a coffin to be placed under\\nhis window. This officer recovered, lived several years after, and\\nwas a frequent visitor at the residence of a gentleman now living\\nnear Freehold.\\nAmong the officers of artillery was Col. David Ray, of whom\\nwe introduce the following amusing anecdote. In the morning,\\nRay, somewhat in advance of a militia regiment, observed a Brit-\\nish dragoon leave his ranks and come toward him. As he ap-\\nproached, Ray perceived he was mounted on an elegant horse, and\\nas his own was an indifferent steed, he determined to possess him-\\nself of it. When within 50 or 60 yards, Ray, who was an excel-\\nlent shot, felt perfectly sure of the horse, and deliberately drawing\\na pistol, coolly aimed and fired at the rider, but without effect. He\\nfired the other pistol, and that too missed. The trooper was now\\nwithin a few yards, dashing toward him at a furious speed, his\\neyes flashing vengeance, and sword uplifted for the fatal blow.\\nThere was no time for further ceremony. The colonel abruptly\\nwheeled, put spurs to his horse, and galloped to a barn, the dra-\\ngoon after him. Around the barn, and through one g!oor and out\\nat the other, went both pursuer and pursued. Ray galloped for\\nsafety to the regiment, passed in front, the trooper still at his heels.\\nMore than 100 muskets were discharged at him, but he escaped\\nunharmed, galloped back to his regiment, and was seen to take his\\nplace in line. The colonel, in giving this incident tc our informant,\\nlaughed heartily, declaring he never saw such a daring fellow.\\nThe following anecdote, extracted from a French work, reflects\\neredit upon the humanity and forbearance of the British command-\\ner. A general officer of the American arm}- advanced with a\\nscore of men under the English batteries to reconnoitre their po-\\nsition. His aid-de-camp, struck by a ball, fell at his side. The\\nofficers and orderly dragoons fled precipitately. The general,\\nthough under the fire of the cannon, approached the wounded\\nman to see if he had any signs of life remaining, or whether any\\naid could be afforded him. Finding the wound had been mortal,\\nhe turned away his head with emotion, and slowly rejoined the\\ngroup who had got out of the reach of the pieces. General Clin-\\nton knew that the Marquis de Lafayette generally rode a white\\nhorse it was upon a white horse the officer who retired so slowly\\nwas mounted Clinton desired the gunners not to fire. This noble\\nforbearance probably saved M. de Lafayette s life, for he it was.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0351.jp2"}, "352": {"fulltext": "344 MONMOUTH COUNTY.\\nThe annexed account of the depredations of the British army,\\nwhen in this county, was communicated to the Jersey Gazette, a\\nshort time after the battle of Monmouth. It is supposed to have\\nbeen written by Col. Thomas Henderson, an intelligent and active\\nfriend of the American cause. His dwelling was among those\\nburnt. He was a member of congress after the adoption of the\\nconstitution, and vice-president of the council of New Jersey at\\nthe time of Shay s insurrection, and was acting governor when\\nGov. Howell was absent in Pennsylvania with some Jersey troops.\\nI have been waiting- from the time the enemy passed through this country till the\\npresent, in expectation some of your correspondents would, through the channel of your\\npaper, have given to the public an account of their conduct to the inhabitants but not\\nhaving seen any as yet, and as it has been such as every honest person ought to despise,\\nI take this opportunity of giving a short sketch of it, which, if you think will be any\\nsatisfaction to your readers, you may insert in your paper.\\nThe devastation they have made in some parts of Freehold exceeds, perhaps, any they\\nhave made for the distance in their route through this state having, in the neighborhood\\nabove the courthouse, burnt and destroyed eight dwelling-houses, all on farms adjoining\\neach other, besides barns and outhouses. The first they burnt was my own, then Ben-\\njamin Covenhoven s, George Walker s, Hannah Solomon s, Benjamin Van Cleave s, Da-\\nvid Covenhoven s, and Garrit Vandervccr s John Benham s house and barn they wan-\\ntonly tore and broke down so as to render them useless. It may not be improper to ob-\\nserve that the two first houses mentioned burnt, adjoined the farm, and were in full view\\nof the place where Gen. Clinton was quartered. In the neighborhood below the court-\\nhouse, they burnt the houses of Matthias Lane, Cornelius Covenhoven, John Antonidas,\\nand one Emmons these were burnt the morning before their defeat. Some have the\\neffrontery to say, that the British officers by no means countenance or allow of burning.\\nDid not the wanton burning of Charleston and Kingston, in Esopus, besides many other\\ninstances, sufficiently evince to the contrary, I think their conduct in Freehold may.\\nThe officers have been seen to exult at the sight of the flames, and heard to declare they\\ncould never conquer America until they burnt every rebel s house, and murdered man,\\nwoman, and child. Besides, this consideration has great weight with me towards con-\\nfirming the above, that, after their defeat, through a retreat of 25 miles, in which they\\npassed the houses of a number well-affected to their country, they never attempted to\\ndestroy one. Thus much for their burning.\\nTo enter into a minute detail of the many insults and abuses those inhabitants met\\nwith that remained in their houses, would take up too much room in your paper I shall,\\ntherefore, content myself with giving you an account of Gen. Clinton s conduct to one\\nof my neighbors, a woman of 70 years of age, and unblemished reputation, with whom\\nhe made his quarters. After he had been for some time in her house, and taking notice\\nthat most of the goods were removed, he observed that she need not have sent off her\\neffects for safety, that he would have secured her, and asked if the goods could not be\\nbrought back again. The old lady objected, but upon the repeated assurance of Gen.\\nClinton, in person, that they should be secured for her, she consented, and sent a person\\nlie had ordered, along with a wagon, to show where they were secreted. When the goods\\nwere brought to the door, which was in the latter part of the day, the old lady* applied\\nto Gen. Clinton in person for permission to have them brought in and taken care of, but\\nhe refused, and ordered a guard set over the goods. The morning following, the old lady\\nfinding most of her goods plundered and stolen, applied again to him for leave to take\\ncare of the remainder. He then allowed her to take care of some trifling articles, which\\nwere all she saved, not having (when I saw her, and had the above information from\\nher) a change of dress for herself, or husband, or scarcely for any of her family. With\\nregard to personal treatment, she was turned out of her bedroom and obliged to lie with\\nher wenches, either on the floor, without bed or bedding, in an entry exposed to the pass-\\ning or repassing of all, ,c, or sit in a chair in a milk-room, too bad for any of the offi-\\ncers to lie in, else it is probable she would have been deprived of that also. If the first\\nofficers of the British army are so divested of honor and humanity, what may we not\\nexpect from the soldiery\\nThis lady was Mrs. William Conover. She resided two miles west of the court-\\nhouse, on the Burlington road. Compilers Hist. Coll. N. J.", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0352.jp2"}, "353": {"fulltext": "MONMOUTH COUNTY. 345\\nThe annexed incident, which occurred in Freehold, in the war\\nof the revolution, evinces an act of bravery in a mere youth, that\\nrenders it worthy of record.\\nOn a fine morning in May, 1780, as the family of Mr. David\\nForman, sheriff of the county, were at breakfast, a soldier almost\\nout of breath suddenly burst into the room, and stated, that as he\\nand another soldier were conducting to the courthouse two men,\\ntaken up on suspicion at Colt s Neck, they had knocked down his\\ncomrade, seized his musket, and escaped. The sheriff, on hearing\\nthis relation, immediately mounted his horse, and galloped to the\\nCourthouse to alarm the guard. His son Tunis, a lad of about 17,\\nand small of his age, seized a musket, loaded only with small shot\\nto kill blackbirds in the corn-fields, and putting on a cartridge-box,\\ndispatched his brother Samuel* upstairs for the bayonet, and then,\\nwithout waiting for it, hurried off alone in the pursuit.\\nAfter running in a westerly direction about a mile, he discovered\\nthe men sitting on a fence, who, on perceiving him, ran into a\\nswamp. As the morning was warm, he hastily pulled off his coat\\nand shoes, and dashed in after them, keeping close upon them for\\nover a mile, when they got out of the swamp, and each climbed\\ninto separate trees. As he came up, they discharged at him the\\nmusket taken from the guard. The ball whistled over his head.\\nHe felt for his bayonet, and, at that moment, perceived that, in his\\nhaste, it was left behind. He then pointed his gun at the man with\\nthe musket, but deemed it imprudent to fire, reflecting, even if he\\nkilled him, his comrade could easily master such a stripling as him-\\nself. He compelled the man to throw down the musket, by threat-\\nening him with death if he did not instantly comply. Then, loading\\nthe prize from his cartridge-box, he forced his prisoners down from\\nthe trees, and, armed with his two loaded muskets, he drove them\\ntoward the courthouse, careful, however, to keep them far apart,\\nto prevent conversation. Passing by a spring, they requested per-\\nmission to drink.\\nNo replied the intrepid boy, understanding their design.\\nYou can do as well without it as myself you shall have some\\nby and by.\\nSoon after, his father, at the head of a party of soldiers in the\\npursuit, galloped past in the road within a short distance. Tunis\\nhallooed, but the clattering of their horses hoofs drowned his voice.\\nAt length he reached the village, and lodged his prisoners in the\\ncounty prison.\\nIt was subsequently discovered that these men, whose names\\nwere John and Robert Smith, were brothers, from near Philadelphia,\\nthat they had robbed and murdered a Mr. Boyd, a collector of taxes\\nin Chester co., and, when taken, were on their way to join the\\nBritish. As they had been apprehended on suspicion merely of\\nNow Dr. Samuel Forman of Freehold, from whose lips the compilers had the nar-\\nration.\\n44", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0353.jp2"}, "354": {"fulltext": "346\\nMONMOUTH COUNTY.\\nbeing refugees, no definite charge could then be brought against\\nthem. A few days after, SheritF Forman saw an advertisement\\nin a Pennsylvania paper, describing them, with the facts above-\\nmentioned, and a reward of 820,000 (continental money) offered for\\ntheir apprehension. He, accompanied by his son, took them on\\nthere, where they were tried and executed. On entering Phila-\\ndelphia, young Tunis was carried through the streets in triumph\\nupon the shoulders of the military. In the latter part of the war,\\nthis young man became very active, and was the peculiar favorite\\nof Gen. David Forman. He died within the last ten years.\\nAncient Church near Englishtown.\\nGen. David Forman, above alluded to, was born near English-\\ntown, in this township. In the war, he was the most influential\\nman in the county, commanded the Jersey troops at the battle of\\nGermantown, and was high in the confidence of Washington.\\nAfterward he was judge of the County Court, and a member of\\nthe Council of the State. His person was commanding, his address\\ngentlemanly. Possessed of great fearlessness and energy, his name\\nstruck terror to the wood-robbers and tories, toward whom he\\nexercised a vindictiveness. that only the severity of the times could\\njustify. Wo to the guilty culprits who fell in his power without\\nwaiting for superfluous ceremony, the gallows was generally their\\nfate. His complexion was dark and swarthy, and such was the\\nterror he inspired among them, that he acquired the name of Black\\nDavid, and sometimes Devil David, in contradistinction to David\\nForman the sheriff. Were it not for his exertions, the county\\nwould have suffered far more from its intestine enemies. He died\\nabout thirty years since.\\nNear the battle-field of Monmouth stands the first Presbyterian\\nchurch of Freehold, erected in 1752. It is of wood, shingled, and\\npainted white. It stands partially enveloped in a grove of forest\\ntrees, is surrounded by an old graveyard, and has an ancient and\\nvenerable appearance. It is on the site of a former one, and public", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0354.jp2"}, "355": {"fulltext": "MONMOUTH COUNTY. 347\\nworship has been held on this venerated place for about two cen-\\nturies. On this spot, within the walls of the church. Whitefield,\\nDavid Brainard, and the two Tennents, have labored and prayed.\\nAt the time of the battle, a person, while sitting on a grave-stone\\nin the yard, was mortally wounded by a cannor-ball. He was\\ncarried into the church, and there died. His blood stained the floor,\\nand remains plainly visible to the present day, a melancholy\\nmemento, in this house of God, of those dark and troublesome times.\\nCol. Monckton, of the British grenadiers, killed at Monmouth, lies\\nburied within six feet of the west end of the church. He was a\\ngallant officer, and of splendid personal appearance. No monu-\\nment is there, but his name, rudely cut on the building, marks the\\nspot.\\nThe Rev. William Tennent, remarkable for his piety, and devo-\\ntedness to the Christian cause, was, for a long period, the pastor of\\nthis church. He came from Ireland in 1718 with his father, the\\nRev. William Tennent. and was educated under his tuition, at the\\nLog College on the banks of the Neshaminey. Being of a serious\\nturn, he resolved to devote himself to the gospel ministry, and com-\\nmenced the study of divinity under the direction of his brother, the\\nRev. Gilbert Tennent, pastor of the church at New Brunswick.\\nWhile there, he was thrown into a remarkable trance, and remained\\napparently dead for a number of days. The following account is\\nfrom a Life of Mr. Tennent. ascribed to Elias Boudinot, LL.D.,\\nand first published in the Evangelical Intelligencer, a work printed\\nin Philadelphia:*\\nAfter a regular course of study in theology, Mr. Tennent was preparing for his exami-\\nnation by the Presbytery as a candidate for the gospel ministry. His intense application\\naffected his health, and brought on a pain in his breast and a slight hectic. He soon be-\\ncame emaciated, and at length was like a living skeleton. His life was now threatened.\\nHe was attended by a physician, a young man who was attached to him by the strictest\\nand warmest friendship. He grew worse and worse, till little hope of his life was left.\\nIn this situation his spirits failed him, and he began to entertain doubts of his final hap-\\npiness. He was conversing one morning with his brother, in Latin, on the state of his\\nsoul, when he fainted and died away. After the usual time, he was laid out on a board,\\naccording to the common practice of the country, and the neighborhood were invited to\\nattend his funeral on the next day. In the evening, his physician and friend returned\\nfrom a ride in the country, and was afflicted beyond measure at the news of his death.\\nHe could not be persuaded that it was certain and, on being told that one of the per-\\nsons who had assisted in laying out the body thought he had observed a little tremor of\\nthe flesh under the arm. although the body was cold and stiff he endeavored to ascertain\\nthe fact. He first put his own hand into warm water, to make it as sensible as possible,\\nand then felt under the arm, and at the heart, and affirmed that he felt an unusual\\nwarmth, though no one else could. He had the body restored to a warm bed, and in-\\nsisted that the people who had been invited to the funeral should be requested not to at-\\ntend. To this the brother objected, as absurd. the eyes bring sunk, the lips discolored,\\nand the whole body cold and stiff. However, the doctor finally prevailed, and all proba-\\nble means were used to discover symptoms of returning life but the third day arrived,\\nand no hopes were entertained of success but by the doctor, who never left him night nor\\nThe evidence establishing the truth of this trance, is undoubted. Another letter\\nwas written by the Rev. Mr. Woodhull (the successor of the Rev. Wm. Tennent 1 to Mr.\\nBoudinot, in which he gives the account of the trance, as related to him by Mr. Tennent\\nhimself. This letter, which we have seen, is now in the possession of Professor Dod, of\\nPrinceton. Compilers His. Coll. of X. J.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0355.jp2"}, "356": {"fulltext": "348 MONMOUTH COUNTY.\\nday. The people were again invited, and assembled to attend the funeral. The doctor\\nstill objected, and at last confined his request for delay to one hour, then to half an hour,\\nand finally to a quarter of an hour. He had discovered that the tongue was much swol-\\nlen, and threatened to crack he was endeavoring to soften it by some emollient oint-\\nment put upon it with a feather, when the brother came in, about the expiration of the\\nlast period, and, mistaking what the doctor was doing for an attempt to feed him, mani-\\nfested some resentment, and in a spirited tone said, It is shameful to be feeding a life-\\nless corpse, and insisted, with earnestness, that the funeral should immediately pro-\\nceed. At this critical and important moment, the body, to the great alarm and astonish,\\nment of all present, opened its eyes, gave a dreadful groan, and sank again into apparent\\ndeath. This put an end to all thoughts of burying him, and every effort was again em-\\nployed in hopes of bringing about a speedy resuscitation. In about an hour the eyes\\nagain opened, a heavy groan proceeded from the body, and again all appearance of ani-\\nmation vanished. In another hour, life seemed to return with more power, and a com-\\nplete revival took place, to the great joy of the family and friends, and to the no small\\nastonishment and conviction of very many who had been ridiculing the idea of restoring\\nto life a dead body.\\nMr. Tennent continued in so weak and low a state for six weeks, that great doubts\\nwere entertained of his final recovery. However, after that period lie recovered much\\nfaster but it was about 12 months before he was completely restored. After he was\\nable to walk the room, and to take notice of what passed around him, on a Sunday af-\\nternoon, his sister, who had stayed from church to attend him, was reading in the Bible,\\nwhen he took notice of it, and asked her what she had in her hand. She answered that\\nshe was reading the Bible. He replied, What is the Bible I know not what you\\nmean. This affected the sister so much, that she burst into tears, and informed him\\nthat he was once well acquainted with it. On her reporting this to the brother when he\\nreturned, Mr. Tennent was found, upon examination, to be totally ignorant of every\\ntransaction of his life previous to his sickness. He could not read a single word, neither\\ndid he seem to have an idea of what it meant. As soon as he became capable of atten-\\ntion, he was taught to read and write, as children are usually taught, and afterward be-\\ngan to learn the Latin language under the tuition of his brother. One day as he was re-\\nciting a lesson iti Cornelius Nepos, he suddenly started, clapped his hand to his head, as\\nif something had hurt him, and made a pause. His brother asking him what was the\\nmatter, he said that he felt a sudden shock in his head, and it now seemed to him as if\\nhe had read that book before. By degrees his recollection was restored, and he could\\nspeak the Latin as fluently as before his sickness. His memory so completely revived,\\nthat he gained a perfect knowledge of the past transactions of his life, as if no difficulty\\nhad previously occurred. This event, at the time, made a considerable noise, and af-\\nforded not only matter of serious contemplation to the devout Christian, especially when\\nconnected with what follows in this narration, but furnished a subject of deep investiga-\\ntion and learned inquiry to the real philosopher and curious anatomist.\\nThe writer of these memoirs was greatly interested by these uncommon events, and,\\non a favorable occasion, earnestly pressed Mr. Tennent for a minute account of what his\\nviews and apprehensions were while he lay in this extraordinary state of suspended ani-\\nmation. He discovered great reluctance to enter into any explanation of his perceptions\\nand feelings at this time but being importunately urged to do it, he at length consented,\\nand proceeded with a solemnity not to be described\\nWhile I was conversing with my brother, said he, on the state of my soul, and the\\nfears I had entertained for my future welfare, I found myself, in an instant, in another\\nstate of existence, under the direction of a superior Being, who ordered me to follow him.\\nI was accordingly wafted along, I know not how, till I beheld at a distance an ineffable\\nglory, the impression of which on my mind it is impossible to communicate to mortal man.\\nI immediately reflected on my happy change, and thought Well, blessed be God I am\\nsafe at last, notwithstanding all my fears. I saw an innumerable host of happy beings,\\nsurrounding the inexpressible glory, in acts of adoration and joyous worship but I did\\nnot see any bodily shape or representation in the glorious appearance. I heard things\\nunutterable. I heard their songs and hallelujahs, of thanksgiving and praise, with un-\\nspeakable rapture. I felt joy unutterable and full of glory. I then applied to my con-\\nductor, and requested leave to join the happy throng, on which he tapped me on the\\nshoulder, and said, You must return to the earth. This 6eemed like a sword through\\nmy heart. In an instant I recollect to have seen my brother standing before me dis-\\nputing with the doctor. The 3 days during which I had appeared lifeless, seemed to me\\nnot more than 10 or 20 minutes. The idea of returning: to this world of sorrow and", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0356.jp2"}, "357": {"fulltext": "MONMOUTH COUNTY. 349\\ntrouble gave me such a shock, that I fainted repeatedly. He added, Such was the\\neffect upon my mind of what I had seen and heard, that, if it be possible for a human\\nbeing to live entirely above the world and the things of it, for some time afterward I was\\nthat person. The ravishing sounds of the songs and hallelujahs that I heard, and the\\nvery words that were uttered, were not out of my ears, when awake, for at least 3 years.\\nAll the kingdoms of the earth were in my sight as nothing and vanity and so great\\nwere my ideas of heavenly glory, that nothing which did not in some measure relate to\\nit could command my serious attention.\\nIt is not surprising that, after so affecting an account, strong solicitude should have\\nbeen felt for further information as to the words, or at least the subjects of praise and\\nadoration, which Mr. Tennent had heard. But when he was requested to communicate\\nthese, he gave a decided negative, adding, You will know them, with many other par-\\nticulars, hereafter; as you will find the whole among my papers, (alluding to his in-\\ntention of leaving the writer hereof his executor,) which precluded any further solici-\\ntation.\\nThe writer of the Life of Mr. Tennent, having requested of the Rev. Dr. William M.\\nTennent a written account of an anecdote relative to his uncle which he had once heard\\nhim repeat verbally, received in reply the following letter\\nAbington, Jan. 11, 180G.\\nSir The anecdote of my venerable relative, the Rev. Wm. Tennent, of Freehold, which\\nyou wished me to send you, is as follows\\nDuring the great revival of religion which took place under the ministry of Mr. White-\\nfield, and others distinguished for their piety and zeal at that period, Mr. Tennent was\\nlaboriously active, and much engaged to help forward the work, in the performance of\\nwhich he met with strong and powerful temptations. The following is related as re-\\nceived, in substance, from his own lips, and may be considered as extraordinary and sin-\\ngularly striking\\nOn the evening preceding public worship, which was to be attended the next day, he\\nselected a subject for the discourse which was to be delivered, and made some progress\\nin his preparations. In the morning he resumed the same subject, with an intention to\\nextend his thoughts further on it, but was presently assaulted with a temptation that the\\nBible, which he then held in hand, was not of Divine authority, but the invention of man.\\nHe instantly endeavored to repel the temptation by prayer, but his endeavors proved un-\\navailing. The temptation continued, and fastened upon him with greater strength, as\\nthe time advanced for public service. He lost all the thoughts which he had on his sub-\\nject the preceding evening. He tried other subjects, but could get nothing for the peo-\\nple. The whole book of God, under that distressing state of mind, was a sealed book to\\nhim and, to add to his affliction, he was, to use his own words, shut up in prayer.\\nA cloud, dark as that of Egypt, oppressed his mind.\\nThus agonized in spirit, he proceeded to the church, where he found a large congrega-\\ntion assembled, and waiting to hear the word and then it was, he observed, that he was\\nmore deeply distressed than ever, and especially for the dishonor which he feared would\\nfall upon religion, through him, that day. He resolved, however, to attempt the service.\\nHe introduced it by singing a psalm, during which time his agitations were increased in\\nthe highest degree. When the moment for prayer commenced, he arose, as one in the\\nmost perilous and painful situation, and, with arms extended to heaven, began with this\\noutcry, Lord, have mercy upon me Upon the utterance of this petition, he was\\nheard the thick cloud instantly broke away, and an unspeakably joyful light shone in\\nupon his soul, so that his spirit seemed to be caught up to the heavens, and he felt as\\nthough he saw God, as Moses did on the Mount, face to face, and was carried forth to\\nhim, with an enlargement greater than he had ever before experienced, and on every page\\nof the scriptures saw his divinity inscribed in brightest colors. The result was a deep\\nIt was so ordered, in the course of divine Providence, that the writer was sorely dis-\\nappointed in his expectation of obtaining the papers here alluded to. Such, however,\\nwas the will of Heaven Mr. Tcnnent s death happened during the revolutionary war,\\nwhen the enemy separated the writer from him, so as to render it impracticable to attend\\nhim on a dying bed and before it was possible to get to his house, after his death, (the\\nwriter being with the American army at Valley Forge,) his son came from Charleston\\nand took his mother, and his father s papers and property, and returned to Carolina.\\nAbout 50 miles from Charleston, the son was suddenly taken sick, and died among en-\\ntire strangers and never since, though the writer was left executor to the son, could\\nany trace of the father s papers be discovered by him.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0357.jp2"}, "358": {"fulltext": "350 MONMOUTH COUNTY.\\nsolemnity on the face of the whole congregation and the house, at the end of the prayer,\\nwas a Bochim. He gave them the subject of his evening meditations, which was\\nbrought to his full remembrance, with an overflowing abundance of other weighty and\\nsolemn matter. The Lord blessed the discourse, so that it proved the happy means of\\nthe conversion of about 30 persons. This day he spoke of, ever afterward, as his har-\\nvest-day. William M. Tennent.\\nMr. Tennent was buried under the centre aisle of the church\\nrepresented in the engraving. On a tablet beside the pulpit is the\\nfollowing inscription to his memory\\nSacred to the memory of the Rev. William Tennent, pastor of the first Presbyterian\\nchurch in Freehold, who departed this life the 8th of March, 1777, aged 71 years and 9\\nmonths. He was pastor of said church 43 years and G months, faithful and beloved.\\nSacred to the memory of the Rev. John Woodhull, D. D., who died Nov. 22d, 1824,\\naged 80 years. An able, faithful, and beloved minister of Jesus Christ. He preached\\nthe gospel 56 years. He was settled first in Leacock in Pennsylvania, and in 1779 re-\\nmoved to this congregation, which he served as pastor, with great diligence and success,\\nfor 45 years. Eminent as an instructor of youth, zealous for the glory of God, fervent\\nand active in the discharge of all public and private duties, the labors of a long life have\\nended in a large reward.\\nEnglishtown lies near the line of Middlesex co., 5 miles NE. of\\nFreehold. It is a village of nearly the same size, containing about\\n40 dwellings and a Methodist church.\\nHOWELL.\\nHowell was taken from Shrewsbury in 1801. It is about 14\\nmiles long, 1 1 wide, and is bounded N. by Shrewsbury, E. by the\\nAtlantic Ocean, S. by Dover, and W. by Freehold. The western\\nportion is fertile, the central partially covered with pines, and\\nabounding in marl of an excellent quality on the seashore are\\nsome fine farms. The surface is generally level, excepting in the\\nN. part, where there is a range of highlands called the Hommony\\nHills. The township contains 16 stores, 10 grist-m., 8 saw-m., 4\\nfurnaces; cap. in manufac. $4,000; 15 schools, 475 scholars.\\nPop. 4,699.\\nBlue Balls is a thickly settled neighborhood in the NW. part of\\nthe township, 3 miles S. of Freehold, where there are about 25\\ndwellings, a Methodist and a Presbyterian church. Upper Squan-\\nkum, near the Hommony Hills, contains a Methodist, church and\\nabout 15 dwellings. Lower Squankum in the S. part is a settle-\\nment about the same size as the above. Squan, a village on the\\nseashore, contains 2 stores, a neat church, and about 30 dwellings.\\nSeveral coasters sail from here with wood and charcoal. This\\nvicinity is much visited in the summer months for sea-bathing, and\\nthere are several boarding-houses lor the accommodation of visitors.\\nAt the Howell Furnace, near the central part of the township,\\nwhere iron has been extensively manufactured, there are about 50\\ndwellings, principally occupied by the workmen, and an Episcopal\\nchurch. Burrsville, on the S. boundary, has 20 or 30 dwellings.\\nNew Bargain is a small settlement near Lower Squankum.", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0358.jp2"}, "359": {"fulltext": "MONMOUTH COUNTY. 35 1\\nThe following account of an incursion of the British into this\\ntownship in the American revolution, is contained in a published\\nletter, dated Kildare, Monmouth co., April 9, 1778.\\nAbout 135 of the enemy landed on Sunday last about 10 o clock on the south side\\nof Squan inlet, burnt all the salt-works, broke the kettles, c, stripped the beds, c, of\\nsome people there, who I fear wished to serve them then crossed the river, and burnt\\nall except Dirrick Longstreets after this mischief they embarked. The next day they\\nlanded at Shark river, and set fire to two salt-works, when they observed fifteen horse-\\nmen heave in sight, which occasioned them to retreat with great precipitation indeed,\\nthey jumped in their flat-bottomed boats with such precipitation they sunk two of them.\\nTHE PINE ROBBERS.\\nSuperadded to the other horrors of the revolutionary war in this\\nregion, the pines were infested with numerous robbers, who had\\ncaves burrowed in the sides of sand-hills, near the margin of\\nswamps in the most secluded situations, which were covered with\\nbrush so as to be undiscernible. At dead of night these miscre-\\nants would sally forth from their dens to plunder, burn, and murder.\\nThe inhabitants, in constant terror, were obliged for safety to carry\\ntheir muskets with them into the fields, and even to the house of\\nworship. At length so numerous and audacious had they become,\\nthat the state government offered large rewards for their destruc-\\ntion, and they were hunted and shot like wild beasts, until the close\\nof the war, when they were almost entirely extirpated.\\nAmong the most notorious of these villains were Fenton, Fagan,\\nBurke, alias Emmons, Williams, De Bow, and West. Fenton was\\noriginally a blacksmith, and learned his trade at Freehold. On\\none occasion he robbed a tailor s shop in that township. Word\\nwas sent him that if he did not restore the clothing within a\\nweek, he should be hunted and shot. Intimidated by the threat, he\\nreturned the property, accompanied by the following fiendish note\\nI have returned your d d rags. In a short time I am coming to burn your barns\\nand houses, and roast you all like a pack of kittens.\\nIn August, 1779, this villain at the head of his gang attacked at\\nmidnight the dwelling of Mr. Thomas Farr, in the vicinity of Im-\\nlaystown. The family, consisting of Mr. Farr and wife, both aged\\npersons, and their daughter, barricaded the door with logs of wood.\\nThe assailants first attempted to beat in the door with rails, but\\nbeing unsuccessful, fired through a volley of balls, one of which\\nbroke the leg of Mr. Farr then forcing an entrance at the back\\ndoor, they murdered his wife, and dispatched him as he lay helpless\\non the floor. His daughter though badly wounded escaped, and\\nthe gang, fearing she would alarm the neighborhood, precipitately\\nfled without waiting to plunder.\\nAfter perpetrating many enormities, Fenton was shot about two\\nmiles below the Blue Balls in this township, under the following\\ncircumstances. Fenton and Burke beat and robbed a young man\\nnamed Van Mater of his meal as he was going to mill. He escaped,\\nand conveyed the information to Lee s Legion, then at the court-", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0359.jp2"}, "360": {"fulltext": "352 MONMOUTH COUNTY.\\nhouse. A party started off in a wagon in pursuit, consisting of the\\nsergeant, Van Mater, and two soldiers. The soldiers lay on the\\nbottom of the wagon, concealed under the straw, while the sergeant,\\ndisguised as a countryman, sat with Van Mater on the seat. To\\nincrease the deception, two or three empty barrels were put in the\\nwagon. On passing a low groggery in the pines, Fenton came\\nout with pistol in hand, and commanded them to stop. Addressing\\nVan Mater, he said\\nYou d d rascal I gave you such a whipping I thought\\nyou would not dare show your head then changing the subject,\\ninquired, Where are you going\\nTo the salt- works, was the reply.\\nHave you any brandy rejoined the robber.\\nYes will you have some\\nA bottle was given him he put his foot on the hub of the wagon,\\nand was in the act of drinking, when the sergeant touched the foot\\nof one of the soldiers, who arose and shot him through the head.\\nHis brains were scattered over the side of the wagon. Burke,\\nthen in the woods, hearing the report, and supposing it a signal\\nfrom his companion, discharged his rifle in answer. The party\\nwent in pursuit, but he escaped. Carelessly throwing the body\\ninto the wagon, they drove back furiously to the courthouse, where,\\non their arrival, they jerked out the corpse by the heels as though\\nit had been that of some wild animal, with the ferocious exclama-\\ntion, Here is a cordial for your tories and wood-robbers\\nJonathan West, another of this lawless crew, in an affray with\\nsome of the inhabitants, was wounded and taken prisoner to the\\ncourthouse. His arm being horribly mangled was amputated. He\\nsoon after escaped to the pines, and became more desperate than\\nbefore. He used the stump of his arm to hold his gun. Some time\\nlater he was again pursued, and on refusing to surrender was shot.\\nFagan, also a monster in wickedness, was killed in Shrewsbury\\nby a party of militia under Major Benjamin Dennis. The account\\nhere given of the circumstances leading to his death is from Mrs.\\nAmelia Coryel, a daughter of Mr. Dennis, now living (January,\\n1843) at Philadelphia, and who, as will be seen in the narration,\\nnarrowly escaped death from the ruffians.\\nOn one Monday in the autumn of 1778, Fagan, Burke, and Smith\\ncame to the dwelling of Major Dennis, on the south side of Manas-\\nquan river, four miles below what is now the Howell Mills, to rob\\nit of some plunder captured from a British vessel. Fagan had\\nformerly been a near neighbor. Smith, an honest citizen, who had\\njoined the other two, the most notorious robbers of their time, for\\nthe purpose of betraying them, prevailed upon them to remain in\\ntheir lurking-place while he entered the house to ascertain if the\\nway was clear. On entering he apprized Mrs. Dennis of her dan-\\nger. Her daughter Amelia, (now Mrs. Coryel,) a girl of fourteen,\\nhid a pocket-book containing $80 in a bedtick, and with her little\\nbrother hastily retreated to a swamp near. She had scarcely left,", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0360.jp2"}, "361": {"fulltext": "MONMOUTH COUNTY. 353\\nwhen they entered, searched the house and the bed, but without\\nsuccess.\\nAfter threatening Mrs. Dennis, and ascertaining she was unwil-\\nling to give information where the treasure was concealed, one of\\nthem proposed murdering her. No replied his comrade, let\\nthe d d rebel b h live The counsel of the first prevailed.\\nThey took her to a young cedar-tree, and suspended her to it by\\nthe neck with a bedcord. In her struggles she got free and\\nescaped.* Amelia, observing them from her hiding-place, just then\\ndescried John Holmes approaching in her father s wagon over a\\nrise of ground two hundred yards distant, and ran toward him.\\nThe robbers fired at her the ball whistled over her head, and\\nburied itself in an oak. Holmes abandoned the wagon and escaped\\nto the woods. They then plundered the wagon and went off.\\nThe next day, Maj. Dennis removed his family to Shrewsbury,\\nunder the protection of the guard. Smith stole from his compan-\\nions, and informed Dennis they were coming the next evening to\\nmore thoroughly search his dwelling, and proposed that he and his\\ncomrades should be waylaid at a place agreed upon. On Wednes-\\nday evening the major, with a party of militia, lay in ambush at\\nthe appointed spot. After a while, Smith drove by in a wagon in-\\ntended for the plunder, and Fagan and Burke came behind on foot.\\nAt a given signal from Smith, which was something said to the\\nhorses, the militia fired and the robbers disappeared. On Saturday,\\nsome hunters, in a groggery, made a bet that Fagan was killed.\\nSearch was made, and his body found and buried. On Sunday, the\\nevent becoming known, the people assembled, disinterred the re-\\nmains, and after heaping indignities upon it, enveloped it in a tarred\\ncloth and suspended it in chains, with iron bands around it, from a\\nlarge chestnut-tree about a mile from the courthouse, on the road\\nto Colt s neck. There hung the corpse in mid-air, rocked to and\\nfro by the winds, a horrible warning to his comrades, and a terror\\nto travellers, until the birds of prey picked the flesh from its bones\\nand the skeleton fell piecemeal to the ground. Tradition affirms\\nthat the skull was afterward placed against the tree, with a pipe in\\nits mouth, in derision.\\nMIDDLETOWN.\\nThis township was incorporated in 1798. Its greatest length is\\n15 m., breadth 10 m. It is bounded N. by Raritan and Sandy Hook\\nbays, E. by the Atlantic ocean and Shrewsbury, S. by Shrewsbury,\\nThis lady on another occasion came near being killed by a party of Hessians, who\\nentered her dwelling, and, after rudely accosting her, knocked her down with their mus-\\nkets, and left her for dead. In the July succeeding the death of Fagan, her husband\\nwas shot by the robbers Fenton and Emmons, as he was travelling from Coryel s Ferry\\nto Shrewsbury. After the murder of her husband she married John Lambert, acting\\ngovernor of New Jersey in 1802. She died in 1835.\\n45", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0361.jp2"}, "362": {"fulltext": "354\\nMONMOUTH COUNTY.\\nand W. by Freehold and South Amboy, Middlesex co. The soil is\\nvarious, but in general fertile, and much improved by marl. Its\\nsurface is the most uneven of any in the county, and the highlands\\nof Navisink are in the eastern part. There are in the township 33\\nstores, 3 lumber-yards, 2 fulling-m., 3 tanneries, 11 grist-m., 6 saw-\\nm. cap. in manufac. $65,250 1 academy, 60 students 19 schools,\\n1,239 scholars. Top. 6,063.\\nView in Middletown.\\nRichard Hartshorne, an English Friend or Quaker, emigrated to\\nthis county in May, 1666, and settled about that time on the Navi-\\nsink river. This was among the first, if not the first permanent\\nsettlement made in Middletown. His place, called Portland Point,\\nnow remains in the possession of his descendants. About this\\ntime, this part of the county was a great resort for industrious and\\nreputable farmers. Many of the English inhabitants were from\\nthe west end of Long Island, and by degrees extended their settle-\\nments to Freehold and vicinity. Some Dutch and Scotch, also,\\nearly settled in the township. In 1682, Middletown was supposed\\nto consist of 100 families several thousand acres were allotted for\\nthe town, and many thousands for the out-plantations. John Bowne,\\nRichard Hartshorne, and Nicholas Davis, had each well-improved\\nsettlements here and a court was held twice or thrice a year for\\nMiddletown, Piscataway, and their jurisdictions.\\nThe village of Middletown is in a fertile country, near the heart\\nof the township, 16 m. NE. of Freehold, and 45 m. from Trenton.\\nThe engraving is a representation of the village as it appears on\\nentering it from the east. The first building on the right, with a\\nspire, is the academy the second and third, the Baptist and Reform-\\ned Dutch churches the spire on the left is that of the Episcopal\\nchurch. There are in the place 3 stores, several mechanic shops,\\nand 25 buildings The Baptist church is worthy of note, from its\\nhaving been the first of this denomination established in the state.\\nThe annexed sketch of its origin is from Benedicts Hist, of the\\nBaptists.\\nFor the origin of this church, we must look back to the year 1667, for that was the", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0362.jp2"}, "363": {"fulltext": "MONMOUTH COUNTY. 355\\nyear when Middletown was purchased from the Indians by 12 men and 24 associates.\\nTheir names are in the town book. Of them, the following were Baptists\\nRichard Stout, John Wilson, William Layton,\\nJohn Stout, Walter Hall, William Compton,\\nJames Grover, John Cox, James Ashton,\\nJonathan Bown, Jonathan Holmes, John Bown,\\nObadiah Holmes, George Mount, Thomas Whitlock,\\nJohn Buckman, William Cheeseman, James Grover, junior.\\nIt is probable that some of the above had wives and children of their own way of\\nthinking however, the forenamed 18 men appear to have been the constituents of the\\nchurch of Middletown, and the winter of 16G8 the time.\\nMk\\nK5P=-\\nCentral View in Middletown Point.\\nThree churches have been built by this society. The present\\none was erected in 1832, and the one previous had stood from 90\\nto 100 years. The Episcopal church has been organized more than\\na century. The Reformed Dutch church was erected in 1836.\\nJacob Beekman, John B. Crawford, and Alexander C. Millspaugh,\\nare the names of the successive pastors.\\nThe village of Middletown Point, is upon a narrow point of land\\nformed by two branches of the Matteawan creek, 3 m. from Rari-\\ntan bay, and 12 from Freehold. It was early settled by Scotch,\\nand called New Aberdeen. The view was taken in the principal\\nstreet. The large building, with a tower, is the Presbyterian\\nchurch, a neat edifice the smaller structure, on the extreme right,\\nis the academy. The Methodists have a church, erected in 1836,\\ndistant about 200 yards from where the view was taken. This vil-\\nlage is a thriving business-place a steamer plies between it and\\nNew York. It contains a bank, 1 1 stores, 25 mechanic shops, and\\nabout 70 dwellings, many of them large and commodious.\\nPhilip Freneau, the most distinguished poet of our revolutionary\\ntime, lived, in the latter part of his life, at Mount Pleasant, near\\nthis village. He was educated at Princeton. Freneau enjo} ed the\\nfriendship of Adams, Franklin, Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe, and\\nwas in constant correspondence with the three last. His patriotic\\nsongs and ballads, which are superior to any compositions of the\\nkind then written in this country, were everywhere sung with en-\\nthusiasm. He was a man of naturally fine feelings, but an infidel", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0363.jp2"}, "364": {"fulltext": "356 MONMOUTH COUNTY.\\nin sentiment and, late in life, of intemperate habits. He perished\\nmiserably, near Freehold, Dec. 18th, 1832, in the 80th year of his\\nage.\\nView of Keyport.\\nKeyport is beautifully situated on Raritan bay, about 2 m. from\\nMiddletown Point, and 22 from New York. There is, from the\\nvillage, a splendid view of the bay, Staten Island, the Narrows,\\nSandy Hook, and the ocean, exhibiting on a pleasant day, when\\nthe vast expanse of waters is dotted with sails, a scene of beauty.\\nThe village was laid out about the }ear 1830, by a company who\\nsold building lots. Keyport, including Brown s Point, (a smaller\\nand older settlement in its vicinity,) contains 4 stores, 2 lime-kilns,\\nan extensive shipyard, several mechanic shops, and about 70 dwell-\\nings. There is a Baptist and a Methodist church, the former seen\\non the right, and the latter on the left of the engraving. This is a\\nflourishing village, manifesting the usual enterprise of a young and\\ngrowing place. The chief business is with New York. Several\\nsloops and schooners are engaged in the carrying-trade, and a daily\\nsteamboat communication is had with that city. High Point Chapel,\\nRiceville, Chanceville, and Baptist Town, are small villages in the\\ntownship, at the first of which is a Methodist, and at the last a\\nBaptist and a Reformed Dutch church. Harmony, l\\\\ m. NW. of\\nthe village of Middletown, contains a Methodist church and a few\\ndwellings. Mount Pleasant, near Middletown Point, is also a small\\ncollection of houses.\\nThe noted highlands of Navisink extend along Sandy Hook bay\\nfor nearly rive miles. The range is about 300 feet in height, and\\ncomes boldly down to near the water s edge. It is covered with\\na forest, in which deer and other game find a covert. The annexed\\nengraving is a representation of the lighthouses on Beacon hill,\\nnear the southern termination of the highlands. They are called\\nthe Highland Lighthouses, in contradistinction to the one on Sandy\\nHook, five miles distant. They were erected in the administration\\nof John Quincy Adams, and are the first beacons seen by European\\nvessels entering the port of New York. Latterly they have been", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0364.jp2"}, "365": {"fulltext": "MONMOUTH COUNTY. 357\\nfitted up with new and improved lights, of French construction,\\nwhich are seen by the mariner at a distance of 25 miles. About\\na mile north of Beacon hill is a locality known as Gravelly Point,\\nView of the Lighthouses and Telegraph on Navisink Hills.\\nwhere deep water is found near the shore. This is the spot where\\nthe British army embarked after the battle of Monmouth, and\\nwhere the unfortunate Capt. Joshua Huddy was barbarously mur-\\ndered by the enemy.\\nIn the spring of 1782 a slide of earth happened at Greenland\\nbank, the highest point of the highlands, situated two miles north\\nof Beacon hill. The noise was heard for a distance of several\\nmiles. The annexed account was published at the time\\nOn the ridge of mountains, commonly called Navisink hills, in Monmouth co.,\\nEast Jersey, a considerable quantity of land, some say 40 acres, gave way, in April\\nlast, and sunk directly down, a considerable depth forming a cavity equal in circum-\\nference, at bottom, to the void space above. The tops of the trees, that sunk with\\nthe soil, and which were mostly of considerable bulk, are now nearly level with the\\nedges of the remaining ground. Round this again the earth opens, in one continuous fissure,\\na foot or more in breadth, for a considerable distance and, as is conjectured, from its\\npresent appearance, will shortly go down also the foundation being perhaps but a loose\\nquicksand. It is supposed, by the country people thereabouts, to have been occasioned\\nby the washing and undermining of the sea, to which it was contiguous.\\nThe proximity of this part of the county to New York rendered\\nit, in the war of the revolution, peculiarly liable to the incursions\\nof British troops. Many of the inhabitants, although secretly fa-\\nvorable to the American cause, were obliged to feign allegiance\\nto the crown, or lose their property by marauding parties of refu-\\ngees, from vessels generally lying off Sandy Hook. Among those\\nof this description was Maj. Kearney, a resident near the present\\nsite of Keyport. On one occasion, a party of 30 or 40 refugees\\nstopped at his dwelling, on their way to Middletown Point, where\\nthey intended to burn a dwelling and some mills. Kearney feigned\\ngratification at their visit, and falsely informed them there were\\nprobably some rebel troops at the Point, in which case it would\\nbe dangerous for them to march thither. He ordered his negro\\nservant, Jube, thither, to make the inquiry; at the same time se-\\ncretly giving him the cue how to act. In due length of time, Jube,", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0365.jp2"}, "366": {"fulltext": "358 MONMOUTH COUNTY.\\nwho had gone but a short distance, returned and hastily entering\\nthe room where Kearney and the refugees were, exclaimed, in a\\nshort, broken manner, as though out of breath, Oh, massa mas-\\nsa the rebels are at the Point, thick as blackberries They have\\njust come from the courthouse, and say they are going to march\\ndown here to-night. The ruse succeeded the refugees, alarmed,\\nprecipitately retreated to their boats, leaving the major to rejoice\\nat the stratagem which had saved the property of his friends from\\ndestruction.\\nA similar anecdote is related of William Parker, a member of\\nthe society of Friends. The late Gov. Howell, then a major in the\\nAmerican army, was on terms of intimacy and friendship with him\\nand when in the neighborhood accepted the hospitalities of his\\nhouse. One evening he abruptly entered the room where Parker\\nand about a dozen refugees were at supper. Parker, with presence\\nof mind, prompt!} exclaimed, Good evening, Dick why so late\\nI cannot attend to that business to-night I am engaged with some\\nfriends. Call in the morning, and I will settle it. Howell took\\nthe hint, and sought a less dangerous shelter.\\nSHREWSBURY.\\nShrewsbury is 14 miles long, N. and S., and 13 wide, E. and W.\\nand is bounded N. by Middletown, E. by the Atlantic ocean, S. by\\nHowell, and W. by Freehold. The surface is level the southern\\npart sandy, and covered mostly with pines the northern fertile,\\nand containing excellent farms. There are in the township 34\\nstores, 1 furnace, 4 grist-m., 3 saw-m., cap. in manufac. $16,240;\\n8 schools, 405 scholars. Pop. 5,917.\\nShrewsbury was first settled by emigrants from Connecticut, in\\n1664. In 1682 several thousand acres were under cultivation, and\\nthe population was estimated at 400. Lewis Morris, of Barba-\\ndoes, brother of Richard Morris, the first settler at Morrisiana,\\nNew York, and uncle of Lewis Morris, subsequently governor of\\nNew Jersey, had iron-works and other considerable improvements\\nhere. The village of Shrewsbury is in the north part of the town-\\nship, 12 miles east of Freehold, and is situated in a thriving agri-\\ncultural district. In the annexed engraving, the building on the\\nright, partially hidden by locust-trees, is the Episcopal church. In\\nthe distance, on the right side of the street, is shown the Presbyte-\\nrian church a plain structure, without a spire and nearly opposite,\\non the left, the Friends meeting-house. There is another house of\\nworship for Friends in the northern part of the village also an\\nacademy in the place, and about 30 dwellings.\\nThere is no authentic record of the Presbyterian church in Shrewsbury, until the year\\n1735, when Rev. Samuel Blair preached here, in connection with Londonderry, Pa. In\\n1749, through the influence of Gov. Belcher, a charter was obtained, in connection with\\nFreehold and Allentown. From 1757 to 1765, it is believed that the Rev. Mr. M v ;Knight,", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0366.jp2"}, "367": {"fulltext": "MONMOUTH COUNTY.\\n359\\nfor most of the time, officiated as pastor. From this period till the erection of their\\npresent building, in 1823, the society were only occasionally supplied with preaching.\\nRev. Nathaniel A. Pratt took charge of the congregation in 1823, and continued until\\n1825. The next minister was the Rev. James M. Hunting, who, in 1830, was succeed.\\ned by Rev. James Woodward and he, in 1830, by Rev. Rums Taylor.\\nCentral View in Shrewsbury.\\nAlthough the township was undoubtedly first settled by Presbyterians, or rather Con-\\ngregationalists, from Connecticut, yet the society of Friends was first organized. From\\nthe best sources of information now to be obtained, it is evident the first members of the\\nsociety, most if not all of them, must have been emigrants from England. The family\\nof Hartshornes were already members of this meeting as early as 1672, only eight years\\nafter the first settlement of the town. And at this time there were organized a month-\\nly and general meeting, and a place of meeting being built. Tht society was also\\nvisited in the autumn of this year by George Fox, who is believed by some of the mem-\\nbers of the society to have performed a miracle while on this visit, by setting a man s\\nneck, which it was believed by the inhabitants was broken or dislocated by his being\\nthrown from a horse. It is true the man revived while Fox was working his head, and\\nwas enabled to pursue his journey the following day. In the fall of 1702, the society\\nappears to have been disturbed by a visit of the Rev. George Keith to this place, who\\nhad formerly been a minister in their society at Burlington, and had visited them when\\nsuch, but was now a missionary from the Society in England for the Propagation of\\nthe Gospel in Foreign Parts, and succeeded in drawing several families from them into\\nthe Church of England among whom was the family of William Leeds, to whose lib-\\neral bequest the Episcopal church in this place is indebted for the large glebe, and the\\nfunds they now possess. The cause of disturbance and secession appears to have origi-\\nnated in a difference of opinion in reference to the fundamental principles of the gospel. t\\nFrom this time until 1827, the society appears to have been quiet and prosperous, be-\\ncoming one of the most numerous in the state. Here, however, as among the Friends\\nthroughout the Union, a division has taken place. In the fall of 1827, the two parties\\nseparated and from that to the present time two distinct meetings have been kept\\nup those termed by their opponents the Hicksites, occupying the original building, being\\nthe most numerous, and those called the Orthodox purchasing a building in which\\nthey held their meetings until the fall of 1842, when they erected a new building, in\\nwhich they now assemble. By the decision of the Court of Chancery, confirmed by the\\nCourt of Errors in 1833, in the case of Stacy Decaw and Joseph flendrickson versus\\nThomas L. Shotwell, the Orthodox Friends are entitled to all the property originally be\\nlonging to the society in the state of New Jersey but in this place they have waived\\nVide Fox s Journal. By general meeting is meant the quarterly meeting.\\nt Vide Keith s Journal also Leslie s Snake in the Grass also the writings of Friends\\ngenerally.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0367.jp2"}, "368": {"fulltext": "3G0 MONMOUTH COUNTY.\\ntheir legal right to the property, being content, as they say, in establishing in this trial\\nwhat were the true, original, and present principles of Friends while the other party are\\nequally confident that they are in principle and discipline the true successors and follow-\\ners of George Fox and his associates.\\nThe Episcopal church in this town, though not chartered until June 3d, 1738, was es-\\ntablished, and enjoyed at least occasional services, as early as 1702. In the autumn of\\nthis year, the Episcopalians were visited by the Rev. George Keith, who had formerly\\nbeen a minister in the society of Friends, and had visited them in that capacity in this\\nplace. He appears to have been a man of considerable notoriety, as he for some time\\nrilled the office of surveyor-general of the province, and run what is now known in the\\npublic records of the state as Keith s line, dividing East and West Jersey.\\nAfter his leaving the Friends, Mr. Keith united himself to the Church of Eng-\\nland, and returning to his native country, was ordained by the Bishop of London, and\\nsoon after sent out by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts,\\non a mission to this country. He was accompanied in this visit most of the time by\\nthe Rev. John Talbot, who afterward became the first rector of St. Mary s church,\\nBurlington, in this state. His success in this place, as well as most others, in winning\\nconverts to the church, appears to have been considerable. Some of the principal fami-\\nlies in the church were brought in through the instrumentality of his ministry. Among\\nthese was William Leeds, who was baptized by Rev. William Talbot. It was through\\nthe generous munificence of this individual that the church now possesses a glebe of\\nnearly 600 acres of land, and also funds to considerable amount. The Rev. Mr. Inncs,\\nwho resided at Middletown at this time, performed occasional services in Shrewsbury as\\nwell as at the place of his residence.* The earliest records of this church commence\\nwith January, 1733, when the Rev. John Forbs, a man of an excellent spirit, a mission-\\nary from the society in England, officiated in this and the neighboring towns, particu-\\nlarly Freehold and Middletown. In 1738 he was succeeded by the Rev. John Miln.\\nAfter whom, in 1740, the Rev. Thomas Thompson followed in the missionary labors of\\nthis county, travelling from GO to 70 miles, ministering the Word and Sacraments to the\\nthinly scattered inhabitants. In this manner he labored until 1751, when his missionary\\nspirit was directed to benighted Africa, where he went, under the direction of the so-\\nciety, as the first missionary from the American continent to the inhabitants of the coast\\nof Guinea among whom he labored two years, when he was compelled by impaired health\\nto return to England, his native country, where he soon died. He published a journal\\nof his mission both in Shrewsbury and Africa a work both rare and valuable. In this\\nparish he was succeeded by the Rev. Samuel Cook, in 1751, the last missionary from\\nthe society in England, who continued to labor here until the commencement of the\\nrevolutionary war, when, feeling it his duty to continue his allegiance to the British\\ngovernment, he retired to the province of New Brunswick, where, in a short time after,\\nhimself and son were drowned in attempting to cross the river St. Johns. From this\\ntime to 1788, the parish remained vacant, being occasionally visited by the clergy of\\nother towns, and also enjoying occasional services from the lay readers. In 17b8 the\\nRev. Henry Waddell was formally inducted into the rectorship as the first rector of the\\nparish, by the senior warden, there being no canonical provision for the institution of a\\nminister in the diocese at this time. He was succeeded in 1799 by the Rev. Andrew\\nFawler, who continued in the rectorship of the parish until 1806. Mr. Fawler, in addi-\\ntion to his ministerial labors, prepared and published a Practical Exposition of the Book\\nof Common Prayer, as well as several smaller works, designed to advance the interests\\nof the church. In 1809, the Rev. John Croes, jun., succeeded to the rectorship of this\\nparish, in which he remained until 1824, when he was followed by the Rev. Eli Wheeler,\\nwho was succeeded in 1830 by the Rev. Harry Finch, the present incumbcnt.t\\nThe village of Red Bank is pleasantly situated on Navisink riv-\\ner, 2 miles N. from Shrewsbury, 5 from the ocean, and 35 from\\nNew York. It is, with the exception of Keyport, in this county,\\nthe most rapidly increasing village in the state. In 1830 it con-\\ntained but two houses, viz the old tavern-house, on the river bank,\\nand the small dwelling now owned by John Tilton, Esq., about 12\\nVide Keith s Journal.\\nt For the preceding ecclesiastical histories the compilers are indebted to a gentleman\\nin Shrewsbury.", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0368.jp2"}, "369": {"fulltext": "MONMOUTH COUNTY. 361\\nrods W. of the above. The principal source of its prosperity is the\\ntrade with New York. Thirteen sloops and schooners sail from\\nhere with vegetables, wood, and oysters, for that market and a\\nsteamboat plies between here and the city. Vessels, week after\\nweek, have taken oysters to New York, and returned with $600 or\\n$700 for their cargoes. Red Bank contains 7 mercantile stores, 1\\nhat manufactory, 2 wheelwrights, 2 lumber-yards, 2 blacksmiths, 2\\nshoe stores, 2 ladies fancy stores, 4 tailors, 1 bakery, 2 tinners, 1\\nlime-kiln, 1 sash and blind factory, a Forum, for public meetings,\\nan Episcopal chapel, and 60 dwellings.\\nThe southern cape of Raritan bay, known as Sandy Hook, be-\\nlongs to this township. It changed its character from a promonto-\\nry to an island in 1778, by an opening forced by the sea, termed\\nthe old Shrewsbury Inlet. In 1800 the inlet was closed, and the\\nHook again became a promontory until 1830, when it was re-\\nopened, and is now an island. Vessels pass through the inlet. At\\ncertain stages of the tide, the waters rush through with a tremen-\\ndous roar. The Hook is 4\u00c2\u00b1 miles in length, and varies in breadth\\nfrom i to 1 mile in width. It is a low, sandy tract, a great part\\nof it covered with low trees and shrubs, principally red cedar,\\ninterspersed with holly, wild cherry, c. The accumulation of\\nsand fast extends the cape, so that two lighthouses have become\\nuseless, being left too far inland. There are upon it two dwellings,\\nand a lighthouse near its northern extremity.\\nSandy Hook was purchased by Richard Hartshorne, an early\\nsettler in Middletown. It remained in the possession of his de-\\nscendants until 1816, when the United States, who had previously\\nowned 125 acres, where the lighthouse is, purchased the remain-\\ning portion. The first lighthouse was erected about the year 1762,\\nwhich, in the American revolution, was fortified by the British and\\nrefugees. An attack was made upon it by a party of Monmouth\\ncounty militia, under Gen. David Forman, with two six-pounders\\nbut their artillery being too light, and a British armed vessel ap-\\nproaching, they were obliged to retreat.\\nThe following, copied from a curious document, relates to an\\nagreement between Richard Hartshorne and the Indians, in rela-\\ntion to plumming and fishing on Sandy Hook.\\nThe 8th of August, 1678. Whereas the Indians pretend that formerly, when they\\nsold all the land upon Sandy Hook, they did not sell, or did except, liberty to get plumbs,*\\nor to say the Indians should have liberty to go on Sandy Hook to get plumbs when they\\nplease, and to hunt upon the land, and fish, and to take dry trees that suited them for\\ncannows. Now know all men by these presents, that I, Richard Hartshorn, of Port-\\nland, in the county of Monmouth, in East Jersey, for peace and quietness sake, and to\\nthe end there may be no cause of trouble with the Indians, and that I may not for the\\nfuture have any trouble with them as formerly I had, in their doggs killing my sheep,\\nand their hunting on my lands, and their fishing, I have agreed as followeth\\nThese presents witnesseth, that I, Vowavapon, Hendricks, the Indians sonn, having\\nall the liberty and privileges of pluming on Sandy Hook, hunting, fishing, fouling, get-\\nting cannows, c, by these presents, give, grant, bargain, sell, unto Richard Hartshorn,\\nGreat quantities of beach plums are gathered to the present day.\\n46", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0369.jp2"}, "370": {"fulltext": "362 MONMOUTH COUNTY.\\nhis heirs, and assigns forever, all the liberty and priviledge of pluming, fishing, fowling,\\nhunting, and howsoever reserved and excepted by the Indians for him, the said Richard\\nHartshorn, his heirs and assigns, to have, hould, possess, and injoy forever, to say that\\nno Indian, or Indians, shall or hath no pretense to lands or timber, liberty, privileges,\\non no pretense whatsoever on any part or parcell of land, belonging to the said Richard\\nHartshorn, to say, Sandy Hook or land adjoining to it, in consideration the said Harts-\\nhorn hath paid unto the said Vowavapon thirteen shillings money; and I, the said\\nVowavapon, do acknowledge to have received thirteen shillings by these presents.\\nWitness my hand and seal.\\nSigned, sealed, and delivered VOWAVAPON, X his mark,\\nin presence of John Stout. TOCUS, X his mark.\\nMany vessels, at various times, have been wrecked on Sandy\\nHook and money and other valuables found cast upon its shores.\\nTradition affirms that it was a favorite resort of the famous pirate,\\nCapt. Kidd, to bury his ill-gotten treasures.\\nThe following inscriptions are from monuments in a small grave-\\nyard, about forty rods northeast of the lighthouse\\nHere lieth the body of Thomas Kent, of Longport, Staffordshire, England, who de-\\nparted this life suddenly, on the 2d of May, 1828, on board the ship New York, Capt.\\nBennett, near Sandy Hook in which vessel he had left the city of New York, with his\\nwife and family, only the day before, to return to his native country.\\nCapt. James Swain, of Cape May, aged 49 years, was wrecked and drowned, together\\nwith his sons, William and James, and three other men, at Sandy Hook, Jan. 23, A. D.\\n1808.\\nOn the inner shore of the Hook, about a mile south of the light-\\nhouse, once stood an elegant monument to the memory of a young\\nBritish officer, and thirteen others, cast away in a snow-storm, in\\nthe war of the revolution. They were found frozen, and were buried\\nin one common grave. The following was the inscription\\nHere lie the remains of the Honorable Hamilton Douglass Haliburton, son of Shoto\\nCharles, Earl of Morton, and heir of the ancient family of Haliburton, of Pitcurr, in\\nScotland who perished on this coast, with twelve more young gentlemen, and one com-\\nmon sailor, in the spirited discharge of duty, the 30th or 31st of December, 1783 born\\nOctober the 10th, 1763 a youth who, in contempt of hardship and danger, though pos-\\nsessed of an ample fortune, served seven years in the British navy, with a manly cour-\\nage. He seemed to be deserving of a better fate. To his dear memory, and that of his\\nunfortunate companions, this monumental stone is erected, by his unhappy mother,\\nKatherine, Countess Dowager of Morton.\\nJames Champion, Lieutenant of Marines.\\nAlexander Johnston, i\\nGeorge Paddy, Midshipmen.\\nRobert Heywood,\\nCharles Gascoigne, a C William Tomlinso.n,\\nAndrew Hamilton, l =o J John M Chair,\\nWilliam Scott, 1 William Spray,\\nDavid Reddie, J I Robert Wood.\\nGeorge Towers, Sailor.\\nCast away, in pursuit of deserters all found dead, and buried in this grave.\\nOf his Britannic majesty s ship Assistance Mr. Haliburton, First Lieutenant.\\nAbout the year 1808, some barbarians, from a French vessel-of-\\nwar, landed, and destroyed this beautiful monument of maternal\\naffection. Some few traces of it still exist.", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0370.jp2"}, "371": {"fulltext": "MONMOUTH COUNTY. 363\\nThe annexed is from a paper published at New York, during the\\nlate war with Great Britain, entitled The War\\nA Coup de Main. On Sunday morning, July 4th, (1813,) the fishing-smack Yankee\\nwas borrowed by Com. Lewis, who has command of the flotilla stationed at the Hook,\\nfor the purpose of taking by stratagem the sloop Eagle, tender to the Poictiers 74, cruis-\\ning off and on Sandy Hook which succeeded to a charm. A calf, a sheep, and a. goose\\nwere purchased, and secured on deck. Thirty men, well armed, were secreted in the\\ncabin and fore-peak. Thus prepared, the Yankee stood out of Musquito cove, as if go-\\ning on a fishing trip to the Banks three men only being on deck, dressed in fishermen s\\napparel, with buff caps on. The Eagle, on perceiving the smack, immediately gave\\nchase and after coming up with her, and finding she had live stock on deck, ordered\\nher to go down to the commodore, then five miles distant. The helmsman of the smack\\nanswered, Ay, ay, sir! and apparently put up the helm for that purpose, which\\nbrought him alongside the Eagle, not three yards distant. The watchword, Lawrence,\\nwas then given, when the armed men rushed on deck, from their hiding-places, and\\npoured into her a volley of musketry, which struck her crew with dismay, and drove\\nthem down so precipitately into the hold of the vessel, that they had not time to strike\\ntheir colors. Seeing the enemy s deck clear, Sailing-master Percival, who commanded\\nthe expedition, ordered his men to cease firing upon which one of the men came out\\nof the enemy s hold, and struck the colors of the Eagle. She had on board a thirty-two-\\npound brass howitzer, loaded with canister-shot but, so sudden was the surprise, they\\nhad not time to discharge it. The crew of the Eagle consisted of H. Morris, master s\\nmate of the Poictiers, W. Price, midshipman, and 11 seamen and marines. Mr. Mor-\\nris was killed Mr. Price mortally wounded and one marine killed, and one wounded.\\nThe Eagle, with the prisoners, arrived off the Battery, in the afternoon, and landed the\\nprisoners at Whitehall, amid the shouts and plaudits of thousands of spectators, assem-\\nbled on the Battery to celebrate the anniversary of our independence. Mr. Morris was\\nburied at Sandy Hook, with military honors. Mr. Price was carried to New York,\\nwhere, on Thursday, he died and was buried with military ceremonies, on Friday, in St.\\nPaul s churchyard.\\nTrap is a small village in the southern part of Shrewsbury. On\\nthe seashore is the popular watering-place known as Long Branch.\\nThe land adjacent to the ocean rises perpendicularly from the\\nbeach about twenty feet. The boarding-houses are a short distance\\nback from the water, in front of which are pleasant lawns. In\\nsummer, a line of stages run between here and Philadelphia, and\\ncommunication by steamboat is had with New York. Its inhabit-\\nants truly dwell at\\nthe noise of the sounding surge when the dark rolling wave is near with its back of\\nfoam\\nEatontown is a mile and a quarter S. of Shrewsbury. It con-\\ntains 4 stores, a grist-mill, an academy, and 35 dwellings. It\\nderives its name from an Eaton family, who were among the early\\nsettlers of the township.\\nThe following is traditionary. About the year 1670 the Indians sold out this sec-\\ntion of country to Lewis Morrrs for a barrel of cider, and emigrated to Crosswicks and\\nCranberry. One of them, called Indian Will, remained and dwelt in a wigwam between\\nTinton Falls and Swimming river. His tribe were in consequence exasperated, and at\\nvarious times sent messengers to kill him in single combat but being a brave athletic\\nman, he always came off conqueror. On a certain occasion, while partaking of a break-\\nfast of suppawn and milk at Mr. Eaton s with a silver spoon, he casually remarked\\nthat he knew where there were plenty of such. They promised if he would bring them,\\nthey would give him a red coat and cocked hat. In a short time he was arrayed in\\nthat dress and it is said the Eatons suddenly became wealthy. About 80 years since,\\nin pulling down an old mansion in Shrewsbury, in which a maiden member of this\\nfamily in her lifetime had resided, a quantity of cob dollars, supposed by the superstitious\\nto have been Kidd s money, were found concealed in the cellar wall. This coin was", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0371.jp2"}, "372": {"fulltext": "364\\nMONMOUTH COUNTY.\\ngenerally of a square or oblong shape, the corners of which wore out the pockets. Our\\ninformant, a respectable revolutionary pensioner, in his younger days made shoe-buckles\\nfrom coin of this description.\\nTinton Falls, 2\\\\ miles SW. of Shrewsbury, is on a branch of\\nNavisink river, and contains about 25 dwellings, a furnace, a grist\\nand saw mill, 2 stores. In its vicinity is a Methodist church. It\\nis named from the cascade in the river, which here precipitates over\\na sand rock about 30 feet in height, filled with animal remains.\\nBelow, the stream winds for some distance through a romantic dell\\noverhung by trees of variegated foliage.\\nAt the village is a chalybeate spring, once held in high repute by the Indians, who on\\nselling out to the whites had reserved the spring and a small strip of surrounding land\\nfor public benefit. The water is composed of iron, copper, sulphur, c. When taken\\nfrom the spring it is clear, but on standing a few hours it assumes the color of cider,\\nand discolors glasses in which it is placed.\\nWhen this country was first settled, deer and wolves abounded. Among the deer\\nhunters was one Webberly West, who died just previous to the war of the revolution.\\nHe is said in the course of his life to have killed many hundred. Wolves were caught\\nin pits covered by brush, with meat on the top as a decoy. Snapping turtles were for-\\nmerly numerous in the creek, and proved destructive to ducks they would catch them\\nwith their claws, tear them in pieces, and devour them. Some of the turtles weighed\\n20 or 30 pounds, and were much valued by the settlers as an article of food. They\\nwere so abundant that in two hours a person could catch a bushel-basket full. They\\nlaid their eggs in the sand, perhaps 30 or 40 in one spot which the foxes destroyed in\\ngreat numbers. The Indians used to catch large quantities of clams on the seashore.\\nTheir method of cooking was to dig pits, heat them with wood, and then put in the\\nclams and cover them with seaweed and brush to confine the heat. They were consid-\\nered a great luxury.\\nView of the Capt. Huddy Mansion, Coifs Neck.\\nColt s Neck, originally called Call s Neck from a resident of that\\nname, is 5 miles from Freehold, on a neck of land formed by two\\nbranches of Swimming river. It contains 3 stores, a church, and\\n26 dwellings. On Widow Tillotson s land, about a mile N. from\\nthis place, in a clay bank beside a brook, is a cave formerly divided\\ninto several rooms. The mouth being now broken in, it is destroyed\\nas an object of curiosity. It can only be entered when the stream\\nis low.\\nThe above engraving represents the dwelling in which resided", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0372.jp2"}, "373": {"fulltext": "MONMOUTH COUNTY. 365\\nthe brave Capt. Joshua Huddy, of revolutionary memory, now\\nowned by Thomas G. Haight, Esq., and standing in the central part\\nof Colt s Neck, a few rods back from the main road. Huddy dis-\\ntinguished himself on various occasions in the war, and became an\\nobject of terror to the tories. In the summer of 1780, a party of\\nabout 60 refugees, commanded by Tye, a mulatto, one evening\\nattacked this dwelling. Huddy, assisted only by a servant-girl,*\\naged about 20 years, defended it for some length of time. Several\\nmuskets were fortunately left in the house by the guard generally\\nstationed there, but at this time absent. These she loaded, while\\nHuddy, by appearing at different windows and discharging them,\\ngave the impression that there were many defenders. He wounded\\nseveral, and at last, while setting fire to the house, he shot their\\nleader Tyef in the wrist. Huddy, finding the flames fast increas-\\ning, agreed to surrender, provided they would extinguish the fire. J\\nIt is said the enemy on entering were much exasperated at the\\nfeebleness of its defenders, and could with difficulty be restrained\\nby their leader from butchering them on the spot. They were\\nobliged to leave, as the militia soon collected, and killed six on their\\nretreat. They carried off with Huddy several cattle and sheep\\nfrom the neighborhood, but lost them in fording the creeks. They\\nembarked on board their boats near Black Point, between Shrews-\\nbury and Navisink rivers. As the boats pushed from shore, Huddy\\njumped overboard, and was shot in the thigh as was supposed by\\nthe militia, then in close pursuit. He held up one of his hands\\ntoward them, exclaiming, am Huddy I am Huddy swam to\\nthe shore, and escaped.\\nTwo years after, March, 1782, Huddy commanded a blockhouse\\nat Tom s River, which was attacked by a party of refugees from\\nNew York, and taken after a gallant resistance. (See p. 328 of\\nthis volume.) The prisoners were carried to New York from\\nthence Huddy was conveyed to Sandy Hook, and placed heavily\\nironed on board a guard-ship.\\nWhile confined he was told by one of the refugees that he was\\nto be hanged, for he had taken a certain Philip White, a refugee\\nin Monmouth county, cut off both his arms, broke his legs, pulled\\nout one of his eyes, damned him, and then bid him run. He an-\\nswered, It is impossible I could have taken Philip White, I being\\na prisoner in New York at the time, closely confined, and for many\\ndays before he was made prisoner. One or two of his comrades\\nThe name of this heroine was Lucretia Emmons, afterward Mrs. Chambers. She\\ndied about 20 years since at Freehold.\\nt Titus, or Col. Tye, as he was commonly called, usually commanded a mongrel\\ncrew of negroes and tories. He died of lockjaw occasioned by this wound. He was a\\nslave of John Corlies, and was born and bred in the south part of this township. He\\nwas an honorable, brave, but headstrong man. Several acts of generosity are remem-\\nbered of him, and he was justly more respected as an enemy than many of his brethren\\nof a fairer complexion.\\nX Marks of the fire are plainly discernible to the present day, (June, 1842 and on\\nthe eastern end of the house are several bullet-holes.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0373.jp2"}, "374": {"fulltext": "366 MONMOUTH COUNTY.\\ncorroborated this statement. Four days after, (April 12th,) Huddy\\nwas taken by 16 refugees under Capt. Lippencot to Gravelly\\nPoint, on the seashore at the foot of Navisink hills, about a mile\\nN. of the Highland lighthouses, where he was deliberately exe-\\ncuted. He met his fate with an extraordinary degree of firmness\\nand serenity. It is said he even executed his will under the gal-\\nlows, upon the head of that barrel from which he was to make his\\nexit, and in a handwriting fairer than usual. The following label\\nwas attached to his breast.\\nWe the refugees having long with grief beheld the cruel murders of our brethren,\\nand finding nothing but such measures daily carrying into execution we therefore\\ndetermine not to suffer without taking vengeance for the numerous cruelties and thus\\nbegin, having made use of Capt. Huddy as the first object to present to your view and\\nfurther determine to hang man for man, while there is a refugee existing.\\nUP GOES HUDDY FOR PHILIP WHITE\\nThe gallows, formed of three rails, stood on the beach, close to\\nthe sea. Tradition states that Capt. Lippencot, observing reluc-\\ntance in some of his men to take hold of the rope, drew his\\nsword, and swore he would run the first through who disobeyed\\norders. Three of the party, bringing their bayonets to the charge,\\ndeclared their determination to defend themselves that Huddy was\\ninnocent of the death of White, and they would not be concerned\\nin the murder of an innocent man.\\nThe following circumstances, relating to the death of White,\\nwere obtained principally by conversation with a highly respecta-\\nble gentleman, a soldier of the revolution, now (June, 1842) a resi-\\ndent of this township. White, the refugee, was a carpenter, and\\nserved his time in Shrewsbury. Six days after Huddy was taken,\\nhe was surprised by a party of militia lighthorse, near Snag swamp,\\nin the eastern part of the township. After laying down his arms\\nin token of surrender, he took up his musket and killed a Mr. Hen-\\ndrickson. He was, however, secured, and while being taken to\\nFreehold was killed at Pyle s Corner, 3 miles from there. He was\\nunder the guard of 3 men, the father of one of whom was mur-\\ndered at Shrewsbury, the year previous, by a band of refugees,\\namong whom was White, and he was therefore highly exasperated\\nagainst the prisoner. Some accounts state, that he was killed\\nwhile attempting to escape others, with more probability, that\\nthey pricked him with their swords, and thus forcing him to run,\\ncruelly murdered him.\\nThe corpse of Huddy was carried to Freehold, and buried with\\nthe honors of war. A funeral sermon was preached on the occa-\\nsion by the Rev. Mr. Wood hull,* who afterward suggested to Gen.\\nDavid Forman the propriety of retaliation. Forman wrote to\\nthis effect to Washington. The subsequent history of this affair\\nis thus given in Ramsay s History of the Revolution.\\nThis clergyman was originally settled over a congregation in Pennsylvania. He\\nwas a strenuous whig, and while there, advocated the cause so eloquently from the pul-\\npit, that he succeeded in enlisting as soldiers every male member of his congregation", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0374.jp2"}, "375": {"fulltext": "MONMOUTH COUNTY. 367\\nGen. Washington resolved on retaliation for this deliberate mur-\\nder but instead of immediately executing a British officer, he\\nwrote to Sir Henry Clinton, that unless the murderers of Huddy\\nwere given up, he should be under the necessity of retaliating.\\nThe former being refused, Capt. Asgill was designated by lot for\\nthat purpose. In the mean time, the British instituted a court-\\nmartial for the trial of Capt. Lippencot, who was supposed to be\\nthe principal agent in executing Huddy. It appeared in the course\\nof this trial, that Gov. Franklin, the president of the board of as-\\nsociated loyalists, gave Lippencot verbal orders for what he did;\\nand that he had been designated as a proper subject for retaliation,\\nhaving been, as the refugees stated, a persecutor of the loyalists,\\nand particularly as having been instrumental in hanging Stephen\\nEdwards,* who had been one of that description. The court, hav-\\ning considered the whole matter, gave their opinion That, as\\nwhat Lippencot did was not the effect of malice or ill-will, but\\nproceeded from a conviction that it was his duty to obey the orders\\nof the board of directors of associated loyalists, and as he did not\\ndoubt their having full authority to give such orders, he was not\\nguilty of the murder laid to his charge, and therefore they acquit-\\nted him. Sir Guy Carleton, who, a little before this time, had been\\nappointed commander-in-chief of the British army, in a letter to\\nGen. Washington, accompanying the trial of Lippencot, declared\\nthat, notwithstanding the acquittal of Lippencot, he reprobated\\nthe measure, and gave assurances of prosecuting a further inquiry.\\nSir Guy Carleton, about the same time, broke up the board of as-\\nsociated loyalists, which prevented a repetition of similar excesses.\\ncapable of bearing arms, he going with tbem as chaplain. In the spring of 1779, he\\nwas settled over the 1st Presbyterian church of Freehold, where he continued until his\\ndeath, in Nov., 1824.\\nStephen Edwards, a young man, in the latter part of the war left his home at\\nShrewsbury, and joined the loyalists at New York. From thence he was sent, by Col.\\nTaylor of the refugees, a former resident of Middletown, back to Monmouth co. with\\nwritten instructions to ascertain the force of the Americans there. Information having\\nbeen conveyed to the latter, Jonathan Forman, a captain of cavalry, was ordered to\\nsearch for him. Suspecting he might be at his father s residence, half a mile below Ea-\\ntontown, he entered it at midnight with a party of men, and found him in bed with his\\nwife, disguised in the nightcap of a female.\\nWho have you here says Forman.\\nA laboring woman, replied Mrs. Edwards. The captain detected the disguise, and,\\non looking under the bed, saw Edwards clothing, which he examined, and found the pa-\\npers given him by Col. Taylor. He then says, Edwards, I am sorry to find you You\\nsee these papers you have brought yourself into a disagreeable situation, you know\\nthe fate of spies!\\nEdwards denied the allegation, remarking, he was not such, and could not be so\\nconsidered.\\nThis occurred on Saturday night. The prisoner was taken to the courthouse, tried by\\na court-martial next day, and executed at 10 o clock on the Monday following. Ed-\\nwards father and mother had come up that morning to ascertain the fate of their son,\\nand returned home with his corpse. Edwards was an amiable young man. The For-\\nman and Edwards families had been on terms of intimate friendship and the agency\\nof one of the members of the former in the transaction, excited their deepest sympathies\\nfor the unfortunate fate of the prisoner. This occurred at the period of the greatest trou-\\nbles in the county. Compilers of the Hist. Coll. of New Jersey.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0375.jp2"}, "376": {"fulltext": "368 MONMOUTH COUNTY.\\nThe war, also, drawing near a close, the motives for retaliation, as\\ntending to prevent other murders, in a great measure ceased. In\\nthe mean time, Gen. Washington received a letter from the Count\\nde Vergennes, interceding for Capt. Asgill, which was also accom-\\npanied with a very pathetic one from his mother, Mrs. Asgill, to the\\ncount. Copies of these several letters were forwarded to congress,\\nand soon after they resolved, that the commander-in-chief be di-\\nrected to set Capt. Asgill at liberty. The lovers of humanity re-\\njoiced that the necessity for retaliation was superseded, by the\\nknown humanity of the new British commander-in-chief, and still\\nmore by the well-founded prospect of a speedy peace. Asgill, who\\nhad received every indulgence, and who had been treated with all\\npossible politeness, was released, and permitted to go into New York.\\nThe following is from an ancient newspaper\\nOn the 30th ult., (April, 1780,) a party of negroes and refugees from the Hook, landed\\nat Shrewsbury in order to plunder. During their excursion a Mr. Russel, who attempted\\nsome resistance to their depredations, was killed, and his grandchild had five balls shot\\nthrough him, but is yet living. Capt. Warner, of the privateer brig Elizabeth, was made\\nprisoner by these ruffians, but was released by giving them two half joes. This banditti\\nalso took off several persons, among whom were Capt. James Green, and Ensign John\\nMorris, of the militia.\\nThe annexed additional particulars were obtained by conversa-\\ntion with a resident at the time. Mr. Russel was an elderly man,\\naged about 60 years as the party entered his dwelling, which\\nwas in the night, he fired and missed. They returned it, and young\\nRussel fell. Wm. Gilian, a native of Shrewsbury, their leader,\\nseized the old gentleman by the collar, and was in the act of stab-\\nbing him in the face and eyes with his bayonet, when the fire\\nblazed up, and shedding a momentary light upon the scene, enabled\\nthe younger Russel, as he lay wounded on the floor, to shoot Gilian.\\nJohn Farnham, a native of Middletown, thereupon aimed his mus-\\nket at the young man but it was knocked up by Lippencot, who\\nhad married into the family. The party then went off. The\\nchild was accidentally wounded in the affray.\\nSTAFFORD.\\nThis township was incorporated in 1798. Its greatest length is\\n19 miles, breadth 12 miles. It is bounded N. by Dover, E. and\\nSE. by bays of the Atlantic, and SW. by Little Egg Harbor town-\\nship, Burlington co. Little Egg Harbor and Barnegat bays stretch\\nalong in front of the township, to the east of which is an unbroken\\nbeach, excepting at the Barnegat inlet, through which vessels\\nenter. On the main land, next to the water, is a strip of salt\\nmarsh, varying from one quarter to three miles in width along\\non the shore, below the main post-road, the soil is fertile and there\\nare some excellent farms. Inland, the surface is level, the soil\\nmostly gravel and sand, and covered with pine and oak. There", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0376.jp2"}, "377": {"fulltext": "MONMOUTH COUNTY. 359\\nare in the township 9 stores, 1 grist-m., 4 saw-m. 7 schools, 215\\nscholars. Pop. 2,149.\\nManahocking, a nourishing village 45 miles from Freehold, con-\\ntains a Baptist and a Methodist church, saw, grist, turning, and\\ncarding mills, 2 taverns, 3 stores, and about 40 dwellings. Wood,\\nlumber, and cedar rails are exported in considerable quantities from\\nthis village. About 15 or 20 coasting vessels sail from this and\\nthe other places in the township, which carry off, with the other\\nproducts of this timber country, large quantities of charcoal, here\\nan article of increasing production. Barnegat, 4} miles N. of Mana-\\nhocking, has 3 taverns, 3 stores, and about 30 dwellings. Waer-\\ntown, miles from Manahocking, has a tavern, store, and a few\\ndwellings. Westecunk, 5 miles below Manahocking, contains 2\\nstores, a tavern, saw-mill, and about 30 dwellings.\\nThe following facts here given, relating to the catching of whales\\non this coast, at this late era, may be unknown to many of oar\\nreaders. They are extracted from J. F. Watson s (MS.) trip to\\nManahocking, made in July, 1833. He says\\nI was surprised to learn from old Stephen Inman, one of the 12 islanders of Long\\nBeach, himself aged 75 years, that he and his family have never ceased to be whale\\ncatchers along this coast. They devote themselves to it in February and March.\\nGenerally catch two or three of a season, so as to average 40 or 50 barrels of oil apiece.\\nSometimes whales are taken making 90 barrels of oil. Whalebones of a large size are\\nseen bleaching about the sand.\\nThe following relating to the infamous John Bacon, one of the\\nrefugees who had murdered several citizens and plundered many\\ndefenceless families, is from the Jersey Gazette of January 8th,\\n1783:\\nOn Friday, the 27th ult., Capt. Richard Shreve, of the Burlington county lighthorsc,\\nand Capt. Edward Thomas, of the Mansfield militia, having received information that\\nJohn Bacon with his banditti of robbers was in the neighborhood of Cedar creek, col-\\nlected a party of men and went immediately in pursuit of them. They met them at the\\nCedar creek bridge. The refugees, being on the south side, had greatly the advantage\\nof Capts. Shreve and Thomas party in point of situation. It was, nevertheless, deter-\\nmined to charge them. The onset, on the part of the militia, was furious, and opposed\\nby the refugees with great firmness for a considerable time several of them having\\nteen guilty of such enormous crimes as to have no expectation of mercy should they sur-\\nrender. They were, nevertheless, on the point of giving way, when the militia were\\nunexpectedly fired upon from a party of the inhabitants near that place, who had suddenly\\ncome to Bacon s assistance.\\nThis put the militia in some confusion, and gave the refugees time to get off. Mr.\\nWilliam Cooke, jr., son of William Cooke, Esq., was unfortunately killed in the attack,\\nand Robert Reckless wounded; but is likely to recover. On the part of the refugees,\\nIchabod Johnson (for whom government has offered a reward of 25/.) was killed on the\\nspot Bacon and three more of the party are wounded. The militia are still in pursuit\\nof the refugees, and have taken seven of the inhabitants prisoners, who were with Bacon\\nin the action at the bridge, and are now in the Burlington jail, some of whom have\\nconfessed the fact. They have also taken a considerable quantity of contraband and\\nstolen goods in searching some suspected houses and cabins on the shore.\\nIn the spring ensuing, Bacon was surprised and killed at Egg\\nHarbor by a detachment of Shreve s lighthorse, commanded by\\nCornet Cook.\\n47", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0377.jp2"}, "378": {"fulltext": "370\\nMONMOUTH COUNTY.\\nUPPER FREEHOLD.\\nThis township is about 15 miles long, 10 wide, and is bounded\\nN. by E. Windsor, Mercer co., E. by Freehold, S. by Dover, and\\nW. by Hanover, Burlington co. The surface is level, the south-\\neastern part covered with pines. There are some excellent farms\\nin the township, particularly on a strip of land called Cream ridge,\\nrunning centrally across it. There are in the township 23 stores, 7\\ntanneries, 2 grist-m., 1 saw-m. 18 schools, 1,200 scholars. Pop.\\n5,026.\\nAllentown was probably first settled about the year 1700. It is\\non the road from Bordentown to Freehold, 8 miles from the former,\\n18 from the latter, and 11 from Trenton. It is a village of con-\\nsiderable business, and contains an academy, a grist and two saw\\nmills, 6 mercantile stores, 1 Methodist church, 1 do. for colored\\npersons, a Presbyterian church, about 100 dwellings, and 5 or GOO\\ninhabitants. A little west of the village, on the road to Trenton, is\\nView of the Presbyterian Church, Allentown.\\na woollen factory and several dwellings. The principal part of the\\nvillage is on the E. side of Doctors creek. On the western bank\\nof this stream, on a gentle elevation, stands the Presbyterian church,\\na substantial brick structure erected in 1837 this society was\\nfounded in 1750, and the Methodist about the year 1810. Just\\nprevious to the battle of Monmouth the British marched through\\nthe village and encamped on Montgomery hill.\\nNew Egypt, a flourishing village near the western line of the\\ncounty, contains 2 stores, and about 500 inhabitants. The soil is\\nlight, but made fertile by marl and lime. Imlaystown, Horners-\\ntown, Prospertown, Goshen, Varmintown, Cat-tail, and Cabbage-\\ntown, are small villages or neighborhoods in the township the\\nfirst of which is a post- village, containing a store, tannery, a grist\\nand a saw mill, 1 wheelwright, 1 cabinet-maker, 1 saddler, 1 black-\\nsmith-shop, and about 17 dwellings.\\nAs previously mentioned, Monmouth co., in the American revo-", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0378.jp2"}, "379": {"fulltext": "MONMOUTH COUNTY. 371\\nlution, suffered severely from its intestine enemies, particularly the\\nrefugees, who took up arms against their former neighbors and\\nfriends. Whole families were divided, fathers and brothers taking\\ndifferent sides, and mingling in savage conflict in murderous oppo-\\nsition to each other. Between them occurred scenes of ferocity,\\nand incidents of individual daring, sufficient to fill a volume of hor-\\nror. At one time the refugees gained the ascendency, and had pos-\\nsession of Freehold village for a week or ten days, but at last were\\ndriven out by the whigs. Some of them took to the swamps and\\nwoods, and, like the pine robbers, secreted themselves in caves bur-\\nrowed in sand, where their friends covertly supplied them with food.\\nThe most ferocious of them were hung.* Those more mild, or\\nmerely suspected, were put on their parole of honor or sent prison-\\ners to Hagerstown, to prevent their communicating with the ene-\\nmy, and at the close of the war had their property restored. Many\\nof the refugees fled from this state to New York, and were formed\\ninto a military corps under the name of The Associated Loyalists\\nof which Wm. Franklin, the last royal governor of New Jersey,\\nwas president.\\nThis county was more afflicted by their marauding parties, than\\nall the rest of the state combined and the inhabitants, favorable\\nto the popular cause, were compelled to draw up articles of agree-\\nment for the purposes of retaliation. Annexed is a copy of this\\npaper, with the names of the associators. It comprises the names\\nof prominent families in this county at the present day. The origi-\\nnal is in the secretary of state s office, Trenton.\\nWhereas from the frequent incursions and depredations of the enemy\\n(and more particularly of the refugees) in this county, whereby not only\\nthe lives but the liberty and property of every determined whig are endan-\\ngered, they, upon every such incursion, either burning or destroying houses,\\nmaking prisoners of, and most inhumanly treating aged and peaceable in-\\nhabitants, and plundering them of all portable property, it has become es-\\nsentially necessary to take some different and more effectual measures to\\ncheck said practices, than have ever yet been taken and as it is a fact, no-\\ntorious to every one, that these depredations have always been committed\\nby the refugees (either black or white) that have left this country, or by\\ntheir influence or procurement, many of whom have near relations and\\nfriends, that in general have been suffered to reside unmolested among us,\\nnumbers of which, we have full reason to believe, are aiding and accessary\\nto those detestable practices. We, the subscribers, inhabitants of the county\\nof Monmouth, actuated solely by the principles of self-preservation, being\\nof opinion that the measure will be strictly justifiable on the common prin-\\nciples of war, and being encouraged thereto by an unanimous resolve of the\\nhonorable the congress, passed the 30th of Oct., 1778, wherein they in the\\nmost solemn manner declare that through every possible change of fortune\\nthey will retaliate, do hereby solemnly associate for the purpose of retaliation,\\nNo less than 13 pine robbers, refugees, and murderers, were executed at different\\ntimes on one gallows, which stood near where Fagan was hung, in the vicinity of the\\ncourthouse. Dr. Samuel Forman, of Freehold, from whom the above fact was obtained,\\nassisted in the erection of this gallows.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0379.jp2"}, "380": {"fulltext": "372\\nMONMOUTH COUNTY.\\nand do obligate ourselves, our heirs, executors, and administrators, and every\\nof them jointly and severally, to all and every of the subscribers and their\\nheirs, c, to warrant and defend such persons as may be appointed to as-\\nsist this association in the execution thereof; and that we will abide by and\\nadhere to such rules and regulations for the purpose of making restitution\\nto such friends to their country as may hereafter have their houses burned\\nor broke to pieces, their property wantonly destroyed or plundered, their\\npersons made prisoners of whilst peaceably at their own habitations about\\ntheir lawful business not under arms, as shall hereafter be determined on by\\na committee of nine men duly elected by the associates at large out of their\\nnumber which rules and regulations shall be founded on the following\\nprinciples, viz\\nFirst. For every good subject of this state residing within the county,\\nthat shall become an associator, and shall be taken or admitted to parole by\\nany party or parties of refugees as aforesaid, that shall come on the errand\\nof plundering and man-stealing, the good subject not actually under or\\ntaken in arms, there shall be taken an equal number of the most disaffected\\nand influential residing and having property within the county, and them\\nconfine within Provost jail and treat them with British rigor, until the good\\nsubjects of this state taken as aforesaid shall be fully liberated.\\nSecond. For every house that shall be burned or destroyed, the property\\nof a good subject that enters with this association, there shall be made full\\nretaliation upon or out of the property of the disaffected as aforesaid.\\nThird. That for every article of property taken as aforesaid from any\\nof the associators, being good subjects, the value thereof shall be re-\\nplaced out of the property of the disaffected as aforesaid. We do also fur-\\nther associate for the purpose of defending the frontiers of this county, and\\nengage each man for himself that is a subject of the militia that we will\\nturn out at all times when the county is invaded, and at other times do our\\nproportionate part towards the defence thereof. We the associators do here-\\nby direct that a copy of this association be, as soon as the signing is com-\\npleted, transmitted to the printer of the New Jersey Gazette, for publication,\\nand that the original be lodged in the clerk s office. Also we do request, that\\nthe associators will meet at the courthouse on Saturday, the 1st of July, at 1\\no clock in the afternoon, for the purpose of electing a committee of nine\\nmen, as before-mentioned, to carry the said association into effect.\\nAsher Holmes,\\nJohn Smock,\\nElisha Walton,\\nThomas Thorn,\\nJohn Schenck, (capt.)\\nJohn Schenck, (lieut.)\\nWin. Schenck, (lieut.)\\nBarnes Smock, (do.)\\nJarrit Stilwell,\\nSamuel Pearse,\\nHenry Strieker,\\nWilliam Schenck,\\nWilliam Covenhoven,\\nJonathan Forinan,\\nDavid Forman,\\nSamuel Clayton,\\nIsaac Staales,\\nBenjamin Van Mater,\\nLambert Johnston,\\nJoseph Johnston,\\nJoseph Holmes,\\nDaniel Denise,\\nSamuel Elliot,\\nJohn Covenhoven,\\nJoseph Willet,\\nJohn Willet,\\nPeter Johnston,\\nGeorge Hymes,\\nJoseph Van Cleave,\\nSolomon Combs,\\nSamuel Dorsett,\\nGodfrey Warner,\\nPeter Longstreet,\\nJoseph Wooley,\\nJohn Sutphin,\\nAbra m Hendrickson,\\nHendrick Williamson,\\nKulif Covenhoven,\\nJohn Van Schoick,\\nJohn Nivison,\\nJohn E. Leconte,\\nMatthias Van Deripe\\nMoses Sheppard,\\nBenj*n Covenhoven,\\nAlex. Van Tenycke,\\nJames Hampton,\\nJohn Alwood,\\nElias Conover,\\nRobert Laird,\\nBerryan Covert,\\nSamuel Carhart,\\nPeter Van Derhoof,\\nJacob Allen,\\nJohn Van Brocle,\\nHendrick Hyer,\\nCorn. Covenhoven,\\nStout Holmes,\\nWilliam Nivison,\\nJohn Brown,\\nGarrit Covenhoven,\\nJames Holmes,\\nWilliam Hulsart,\\nJacob Van Pelt,\\nBenj. Van Cleave,\\nHarmon Sneider,\\nHendrick Sneider,\\nWilliam Sneider,\\nDavid Rhea, jr., (adjt.)\\nWilliam Anderson,\\nDaniel Hill,\\nPatrick Bailey,\\nTunis Vanpelt,\\nJames Mash,\\nMatthias Roberts\\nWalter Vanpelt,\\nHendrick Vanpelt,", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0380.jp2"}, "381": {"fulltext": "MONMOUTH COUNTY.\\n373\\nBurrowes Norris,\\nJoseph Broom,\\nThomas Stilwell,\\nCorn. T. Vanderhoof,\\nJohn Boman,\\nManasseh Dunham,\\nJosiah West,\\nMatthias Tice,\\nWilliam Rowler,\\nRichard Laird,\\nJames Smalley,\\nHenry Rue,\\nWilliam Lewis,\\nDavid Craig,\\nJohn Aumack,\\nSamuel Craig,\\nJames Herbert,\\nGarrit Voorhees,\\nW. Laird,\\nJohn Davison,\\nJohn Parent,\\nJoseph Covenhoven,\\nDaniel Ketcham,\\nRobert Francis,\\nRobert Sharp,\\nOukey Leffertson,\\nJohn Truax,\\nJohn Hulsart,\\nSamuel Hayes,\\nRichard Postens,\\nJohn Morford,\\nDavid Hance,\\nAndrew Clark,\\nPeter Emmans,\\nRutliffe Schenck,\\nTunis Van Derveer,\\nPeter Van Dorn,\\nAdam Strieker,\\nMatthias Conover,\\nJohn Chasey,\\nJames Dorsett,\\nCornelius Hance,\\nKoert Schenck, jr.,\\nJohn Morlat,\\nJames Willson,\\nJohn Willson,\\nJacob Quackenbush,\\nJohn Emmans,\\nPeter Quackenbush,\\nAbraham Emmans,\\nJohn M Mullin,\\nJohn Wilkinson,\\nJohn Johnston,\\nJacob Degroof,\\nCornelius Schenck,\\nAlexander Clark,\\nSamuel Rogers,\\nStephen Barkalow,\\nWilliam Currin,\\nPeter Vounk,\\nCornelius M Mullin,\\nRichard Poling,\\nBarzilla Baird,\\nJohn Moore,\\nJohn Smith Hunn,\\nEzekiel Lewis,\\nNathan Nivison,\\nPeter Tanner,\\nWilliam Aumack,\\nThomas Morris,\\nWilliam Bowne,\\nThomas Barber,\\nSamuel Bray,\\nWilliam Willcocks,\\nJames Kinsley,\\nJacob Pippenger,\\nJohn Rouse,\\nBenjamin Sutphin,\\nAlexander M Donald,\\nJohn Perine,\\nAaron Davis,\\nThomas West,\\nJames M Duffee,\\nDavid Gordon, (capt.)\\nDavid Brooks,\\nLewis M Knight,\\nTunis Van Derveer,\\nJames English,\\nJohn Freeman,\\nWilliam Craig,\\nJonathan Forman,\\nJohn Ludlow,\\nAaron F. Welsh,\\nJohn Rue,\\nLewis Carlton,\\nCornelius Barkalow,\\nHenry Drake,\\nJoseph Clayton,\\nDaniel Lane,\\nJacob Smith,\\nJohn Tilton,\\nElias Longstreet,\\nJoseph Bowne,\\nJohn Stilwell,\\nTimothy Hughes,\\nKen th Anderson, sen\\nRichard Jeftery,\\nWilliam Morrison,\\nJacob Woolcot,\\nJames Green, (capt.)\\nJoseph Vannoort,\\nJoseph Johnston,\\nJohn Lake, -n,\\nFrancis Herbert,\\nWilliam Hendrickson\\nThomas Smith,\\nSamuel Forman,\\nJames Craig,\\nJohn Craig,\\nThomas Seabrook,\\nPeter Forman,\\nNathaniel Scudder,\\nWilliam Craig,\\nThomas Edwards,\\nZebulon Baird,\\nGeorge Casler,\\nDavid Forman,\\nKenneth Hankinson,\\nJohn Walton,\\nDavid Baird,\\nNicholas Van Brunt,\\nJacob Covenhoven,\\nThomas Henderson,\\nBenj. Covenhoven,\\nWilliam Johnston,\\nDavid Covenhoven,\\nJohn Freeman,\\nDerrick Sutphin,\\nMoses Laird,\\nJohn Jewell,\\nMichael Johnston,\\nRobert Van Schoick,\\nPeter Smith,\\nAlexander Low,\\nJohn Jamison,\\nHenry Perine,\\nJohn Anderson,\\nJames English,\\nJames Reid,\\nJoseph Sutphin,\\nJames Tapscott,\\nJacob Wickoff,\\nDavid Craig,\\nJohn Sutphin,\\nLewis Perine,\\nJohn Baird,\\nWilliam Dewinney,\\nMatthias Mount,\\nWilliam Rue,\\nDavid Sutphin,\\nTunis Van Derveer,\\nStephen Seabrook,\\nJacob Bennit,\\nWilliam Sanford,\\nStephen Fleming,\\nJoseph Fleming,\\nJames Willson,\\nMichael Sweetman,\\nJaques Denise,\\nEphraim Buck,\\nHend k Van Derveer,\\nWilliam Hilsey,\\nJoshua Huddy,\\nHendrick Voorhees,\\nSamuel Dennis,\\nDaniel Hendrickson,\\nBarnabas Bennet,\\nBenjamin Van Cleave,\\nDaniel Hampton,\\nJohn Covenhoven,\\nDollance Hagerman,\\nThomas Chadwick,\\nHendrick Smock,\\nWilliam Wikoff,\\nHugh Newell,\\nCornelius Stewart,\\nTimothy Dorsey,\\nJohn Van Cleave,\\nGilbert Shearney,\\nA. Zutphin,\\nEdward Moore,\\nEbenezer Kerr,\\nJohn Longstreet,\\nJohn Schenck,\\nJohn Cainpbell,\\nJohn Errickson,\\nJoel Bedel,\\nNicholas Cottril,\\nDavid Smith,\\nGeorge Crookshank,\\nJohn Nivisink, jr.\\nNicholas Clark,\\nJohn Yeatman,\\nAlexander Eastman,\\nJames Yeatman,\\nJohn Lane,\\nWilliam Gordon,\\nMichael Errickson,\\nNehemiah Tilton,\\nElias Bowne,\\nDavid Loyd,\\nIsaac Johnston,\\nJoseph Morford,\\nJacob Lane,\\nJohn Johnston,\\nAdam Boice, sen.\\nWilliam Lane,\\nJohn Reid,\\nWilliam Forman,\\nDavid Baird,\\nMatthew Anderson,\\nHenry Berry,\\nJohn Holmes, sen.\\nGarrit Wikoff,\\nRichard Pippenger,\\nTimothy Gordon,\\nLewis Gordon,\\nGeorge Taylor,\\nSamuel Pease,\\nHenry Vanderbilt,\\nAlbert Hendrickson,\\nJames Vankirk,\\nWilliam Shelft,\\nBenjamin M Donald,\\nCornelius Clark, B. S.\\nCornelius Sutphin,\\nDaniel Emmons,\\nJohn Berry,\\nJames M Knight,\\nJohn Simermore,\\nJohn Hampton,\\nAaron Reid,\\nJonathan Clayton,\\nJoseph Emley,\\nJoseph Knox,\\nJonathan Enobly,\\nWilliam Voorhees,\\nJosiah Holmes,\\nJohn Covenhoven,\\nCornel s Covenhoven,\\nSamuel Henderson,\\nJohn M Connill,", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0381.jp2"}, "382": {"fulltext": "374\\nMORRIS COUNTY.\\nKoert Van Schoick.\\nJoseph Combs,\\nMatthew Rue,\\nJohn Reid,\\nDavid Vanderveer,\\nRichard Tice,\\nJohn Antonidas,\\nJohn Van Cleave,\\nJohn Clark. B. S.\\nHend k Covenhoven,\\nAaron Sutphin,\\nJonathan Clayton,\\nJames Hoajjland,\\nTunis Vanderveer,\\nJames Jonner,\\nJohn Morford,\\nAnthony Holmes,\\nWilliam Covert,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Samuel H:: _\\nJohn Brine.\\nWilliam Brindlev,\\nJohn De GrarT,\\nRichard Marlat,\\nJoseph Vanderreer,\\nWilliam Cheeseman,\\nWm. Wilhamson, jr.\\nJohn Anmack,\\nWilliam Postens,\\nJames Sickels.\\nJacob Vanderveer,\\nJohn Covenhoven,\\nTunis Voorhees,\\nThomas Erickson,\\nGeorge Clinton,\\nEbenezer Hart,\\nJohn Emmons,\\nMoses Mount,\\nJames Runnels,\\nRichard Chew,\\nAlbert Covenhoven.\\nJohn Barkalow,\\nAbraham Vangelder,\\nWilham Van Schoick,\\nCharles Gilmore,\\nAbra m Hendrickson, John Schenck,\\nPeter Gordon,\\nJames M*Chesney,\\nJohn Vanderveer,\\nCharles Postey,\\nAndrew Mi\\nDerrick Sutphin,\\nJoseph Goodenough\\nBenjamin Til ton,\\nRichard R g\\nArthur Williamson,\\nRichard Sutphin,\\nWilliam Covenhoven, George Brindley,\\nAbraham Sutphin, Elihu Chadwick,\\nJohn Reid, I., -ha Shepherd,\\nJonathan Reid, John Chadwick,\\n,n Cleave, Daniel Herbert,\\nThomas Walling,\\nEleazer Cottrill,\\nEdmund Robinson,\\nJames Holmes,\\nHumphrey Willet,\\nJonathan Pew,\\nRichard Pool,\\nThomas Cottrill,\\nGarrit Vanderveer,\\nHendrick Vounk,\\nTunis Forman,\\nRichard Russel,\\nJob Throckmorton,\\nSamuel Forman,\\nWm. A. Covenhoven,\\nJohn Cooke,\\nDaniel Randolph,\\nMoses Robbins,\\nDaniel Gr:_-_\\nWilliam Jenkins,\\nReuben Potter,\\nWilham Wilbert,\\nAlburtus Showber,\\nJacob Tilton,\\nJacob Lane,\\nSamuel Bigelow,\\nAaron Buck,\\nJohn Tilton,\\nJohn Tilton, jr.\\nWilliam Brown,\\nThomas Smith,\\nJoshua Studson,\\nDavid Ray,\\nAbel Aikin,\\nDavid Crawford,\\nCornelius Lane.\\nThe number of signers to this association is 436.\\nMORRIS COUNTY\\nM f.f.i? corsTY was taken from Hunterdon county by act of As-\\nsembly of 15th March. 173^-9. It included in its original limits\\nthe territory now comprised by Sussex and Warren counties, and\\nwas named after Lewis Morris, at that time governor of the pro-\\nvince. The extreme length of the county X. and iS. is 31 miles;\\naverage breadth E. and W. 2 1 miles. It is bounded X. by Passaic co.,\\nNE. by Pas-aic co.. E. by E--^x co., S. by Somerset and Hunterdon\\nco and NW. by Warren and Sussex counties. The northern and\\nrn portion of the county is very mountainous the remaining\\nportions generally level or undulating. There is however a moun-\\ntainous tract 13 miles long, running northeasterly acros- the central\\npart of the county, called Trowbridge mountain, and an elevation\\nknown as the Long hill, extending 9 miles on the SE. boundary.\\nThe southern part of the county is of the primitive formation, and\\nthe northern the transition. The county is well watered by the\\nlie river and its tributaries, and the south branch of the Rari-\\ntan. The Morris canal runs centrally across the county, and the\\nMorris and Essex railroad, terminating at Morristown, connects\\nthat village with the city of Newark. Immense beds of magnetic\\niron ore abound in the mountains of the north and west. In 1840,\\nthere were manufactured 1,475 tons of cast, and 5,970 of bar-iron\\ncapital invested -S44C-", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0382.jp2"}, "383": {"fulltext": "MORRIS COUNTY. 375\\nThe county is divided into the ten following townships, of which\\nMorris, Hanover. Pequannock, Mendham, Roxbury, and Washing-\\nton, were incorporated in 1798.\\nChatham, Mendham, Randolph, Washington.\\nChester, Morris, Roxbury,\\nHanover, Pequannock, Jefferson,\\nThe population of Morris county in 1800 was 17,750 in 1810,\\n21,828; in 1820, 21,368 in 1830, 23,666 in 1840, 25,861.\\nCHATHAM.\\nThis township was formed from Hanover and Morris in 1806.\\nIt is 8 miles long, with an average width of about 4 miles. It is\\nbounded N. by Hanover, E. by the Passaic river, separating it from\\nLivingston, Springfield, and New Providence, Essex co., SW. and\\nW. by Morris. The soil is generally fertile, and the surface level\\nor undulating, except in the SE., where it is hilly. There are in\\nthe township 10 stores, 1 fulling-m., 2 saw-m., 2 grist-m. cap. in\\nmanufac. 836,800 4 academies, 245 students 5 schools, 185\\nscholars. Pop. 2,138.\\nThe Great or Morris Co. swamp, lying in the townships of Chatham and Morris, is\\nabout 7 miles long, and on an average 3 miles wide, extending from NE. to SW., its\\nupper end 1J miles west of the village of Chatham, its lower, one mile east of Basking-\\nridge, where its waters enter the Passaic river, bounded east and south by a high ridge\\nof land called Long hill, northerly by another high ridge near New Vernon. This\\nswamp it appears was once a pond or lake, the bed of which inclined or sloped from N.\\nto S., and from E. to W., and was undulating. The whole was, until recently, covered\\nby a heavy growth of timber. About one half of the tract is cleared, and drained by\\nditches, and near the upland is susceptible of tillage, the rest beincr excellent meadows,\\nproducing very large crops of good foul-meadow hay. In the upper or eastern sec-\\ntion is a large tract of turf or peat, suitable for fuel, of various depths, in the midst of\\nwhich are found limbs, knots, and trunks of trees, many feet below the surface and\\nunder this a very thin coat of white sand, covering a hard blue, argillaceous substratum,\\nnearly or quite impermeable to water. In the western part the soil is principally clay.\\nIn the midst, and throughout the whole swamp, there are numerous ridges of dry land\\nrising like islands, of a sandy soil, and those uncleared covered with chestnut timber.\\nThe whole is susceptible of being drained, and made into productive meadow, there\\nbeing 17 feet fall in the length of the swamp. The slope and undulating surface of the\\nbed is shown by the difference in the thickness or depth of the superimposed covering,\\nwhich to the eye appears a perfect level, except the ridges or islands which rise a few\\nfeet above it. This covering is several feet deeper in the upper than in the lower part,\\nwhere it empties into the river this difference being nearly or quite equal to the whole\\ndescent, showing that it may have been deposited from the highlands surrounding in-\\ndeed much of it is alluvion. From these and other facts, we infer that this swamp was\\nonce a pond or lake. -Of the time when, or how long it existed, or since it ceased to\\nbe, we have not facts, nor room for speculation.\\nColumbia, Green Village, and East Madison, contain each about\\n20 or 30 dwellings. At the latter place is an academy used by the\\nMethodists for public worship.\\nThe village of Madison, once called Bottle Hill, is on the line\\nIn relation to the origin of the name Bottle hill, tradition is somewhat vague. The\\nfirst, and perhaps the most probable, is, that in early days two or more Indians broke a\\nbottle as they came to quench their thirst at the spring, then bubbling from the side of", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0383.jp2"}, "384": {"fulltext": "376\\nMORRIS COUNTY.\\nof the Morris and Essex railroad, 4 miles SE. of Morristown. The\\nabove view, taken near the railroad track, shows a part only of the\\nvillage. The public building on the right is the academy, and that\\nin the distance the Catholic church. There are also in the place\\nView in Madison.\\nabout 100 dwellings, a handsome church belonging to the Presbyte-\\nrian denomination, and a private boarding-school. This village\\nwas settled previous to the American revolution, principally by\\nemigrants from Long Island. The following are the names of some\\nof the early settlers, with the places where they located. Ananias\\nHalsey lived and kept a public house on the place now owned\\nby Robert Albright.* Ellis Cook resided where now stands the\\nnew dwelling of Mrs. Eliza Cook. He was a blacksmith, and had\\nhis shop where the academy now stands. John Harris resided on\\nthe place now occupied by Lilly Cook. Aaron Burnet settled on\\nthe place at present owned by John B. Miller, the house now\\ndown. He died at the age of 100 years. He had four sons, James,\\nMatthias, William, and Aaron the first of whom occupied the\\nthe hill] where now stands the carriage-house of Mr. Joseph S. Sayre, at that time sur-\\nrounded with trees. A second tradition is, that at a certain time now unknown, two men\\nengaged in fighting broke a bottle. A third tradition is, that a suspended bottle was the\\nsign of the first tavern in the place kept in a house then standing in the rear of the\\nwell .in Mr. SherriU s garden.\\nIn this then the traditions agree, that the name Bottle hill originated in the use of\\nthe bottle, so common in those days of dram-drinking. And though the origin of this\\nname adds little to the early fame of the village, yet the origin of her present name is\\nrecorded as her peculiar crown of glory. As the former originated in the use, the latter\\noriginated in the disuse of the bottle. Early in the progress of the grand temperance\\nreformation, that has passed over the land as the angel of mercy to the lost, the worthy\\ncitizens in council assembled, decreed that the bottle was no longer deserving a place in\\ntheir domestic circles, and hence that it should be broken, and the name effaced from\\nthe latter history of the village, and also unanimously that the name of the village\\nshould no more be Bottle Hill, but Madison, a name previously given to, and inscribed\\non the side wall of her fine two-story brick academy.\\nThe first public house in the place was kept by David Brant, in a house then standing\\nwhere now is Mr. SherriU s garden, and as that went down, Ananias Halsey commenced\\nwhere Mr. Robert Albrisnt now lives.", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0384.jp2"}, "385": {"fulltext": "MORRIS COUNTY. 377\\ncorner where Mr. Sherrill resides. Josiah Miller resided where\\nhis son Major Miller lives. Obadiah Lum settled where Mr. Jona-\\nthan Harris resides. David Bruen came from Newark and settled\\nwhere Capt. Mallaby resides. The first Presbyterian church in\\nthis region was located at Whipany. The church in this village\\nwas formed from that about the time of the formation of the one\\nat Hanover, and was denominated the church of South Hanover.\\nOn the tombstone of the first pastor, in the old churchyard, is the\\nfollowing inscription In memory of the Rev. Azariah Horton,\\nfor 25 years pastor of this church. Died March 27, 1777, aged 62\\nyears. This makes the organization of the church about the year\\n1752. The old church which stood in the graveyard, it is supposed,\\nwas erected some time previous, probably about 1748. The pre-\\nsent handsome brick church, styled the 1st Presbyterian church\\nof Chatham, now ornamenting the S. part of the village, was\\ndedicated in 1825. The Rev. Mr. Richards succeeded Mr. Horton.\\nHe left Rahway on account of the troubles incident to the war,\\nremained but a short time, and then returned. He was succeeded\\nby the Rev. Ebenezer Bradford, who left about 1781, and the Rev.\\nAlexander Miller came and remained three or four years, who was\\nin turn succeeded by the Rev. Asa Hillyer, D.D., pastor about ten\\nyears. He was succeeded by the Rev. Matthew La Rue Perrine,\\nD.D., who was pastor between 9 and 10 years, and was then suc-\\nceeded by the Rev. J. G. Bergen, pastor about fifteen years. After\\na vacancy of about two years, he was succeeded by the Rev. Alex.\\nG. Frazer, pastor about one and a half years. The present pastor,\\nthe Rev. Clifford S. Arms, was settled in the autumn of 1832. The\\nold parsonage is the house now owned and occupied by Dr. H. P.\\nGreen. The village academy was erected in 1809 and the Ca-\\ntholic church, a neat edifice, in 1838, by the descendants of some\\nFrench families who emigrated from Guadaloupe about half a\\ncentury since.\\nIn the hard winter of 1780, when Washington lay at Morris-\\ntown with his army, a party of British cavalry (says tradition) left\\nNew York with the design of taking him prisoner. They came\\nby the way of Elizabethtown. During the night a violent storm\\ncame on, of hail, snow, and rain, forming a thick crust, which cut\\ntheir horses feet, and rendered the road so impassable, that, when\\ndaylight dawned, having got no further than this village, they\\ndeemed it prudent to return. Standing in fear of their guide, an\\nAmerican spy, they enclosed him in the centre of a hollow square,\\nand thus rode with their swords drawn.\\nThe following is extracted from an ancient newspaper\\nSept. 18, 1782. Last Thursday morning, a person in the neighborhood of Battle Hill,\\nnear the Great Swamp, being early up, discovered two armed men pass by, one of which\\nhe supposed to be Caleb Sweezy, jun., late an inhabitant of Black River, but who had\\njoined the enemy, and, having many connections in this county who harbored him, was\\nenabled, by their information and assistance, to commit several atrocious robberies, which\\ninduced the governor to offer $200 reward for apprehending him. This person who saw\\nthem pass gave information, when Capt. Carter and his officers, with 10 of their men,\\n48", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0385.jp2"}, "386": {"fulltext": "378\\nMORRIS COUNTY.\\ntook the necessary steps for the apprehending them, and, knowing the propinquity be.\\ntween Isaac Badgeley s wife and Sweezy, sent a person to lay in ambush near said\\nBadgeley s house, to be a spy upon their conduct, and, if possible, find out their lurk-\\ning-place, when he saw Badgeley s wife carry victuals into the swamp twice. Be-\\ning thus fully informed, the party entered the swamp some miles from Badgeley s house,\\nto prevent the least alarm being given, and proceeded within a few rods of the house,\\n(placing sentinels, as they passed, at the avenues it was supposed they would endeavor\\nto make their escape through,) when they suddenly came upon them and being unpre-\\npared for defence, the flints being out of their pistols, they endeavored to make their\\nescape by flight, when Sweezy received the fire of one of the sentinels, which put a\\nperiod to his existence in a few minutes. The other one, John Parr, who was concerned\\nin the robbery of Mr. Stewart s house, at Hackettstown, was slightly wounded, and\\ntaken, and is now confined in Morristown jail.\\nCentral View in Chatham.\\nChatham is a village containing 34 houses and 220 inhabitants,\\n3^ miles E. of Madison, and on the line of Morris and Essex cos.\\nFrom the hills in the vicinity, a fine view is had of the broad and\\nfertile valley of the Passaic river, which stream passes through the\\nvillage. The annexed view was taken near the academy, in the\\nstreet on which the village is mainly built, and shows on the right\\nthe Methodist, and in the distance the Presbyterian church, a neat\\nedifice of wood, erected in 1832. Immediately opposite this church\\nis seen a frame dwelling, in which Washington for a time had his\\nhead-quarters. The Short hills, in Essex co., appear in the dis-\\ntance. The Morris and Essex railroad passes near the village.\\nCHESTER.\\nChester was formed from Roxbury in 1799. It is bounded N. by\\nRoxbury and Randolph, E. by Mendham, S. by Bedminster, Som-\\nerset co., and W. by Washington. It is 8 m. W. of Morristown.\\nThe surface is generally undulating, and the soil fertile. The\\nWashington turnpike, which runs from Morristown to Easton, Pa.,\\npasses centrally through it. There are in the township 1 Presby-\\nterian and 1 Congregational church, 2 public houses, 3 mercantile\\nstores, 2 academies, 3 grain-m., 5 saw-m., and 3 clover-m. cap. in\\nmanufac. $23,250 7 schools, 382 scholars. Pop. 1,321.", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0386.jp2"}, "387": {"fulltext": "MORRIS COUNTY. 379\\nThe inhabitants are mostly farmers, and the soil has been much\\nimproved within the last few years, by the use of lime. Formerly\\nmuch attention was paid to the culture of orchards of apple-trees\\nbut they are now neglected, and peach-orchards are rising in their\\nplaces. The village of Chester, where the post-office is located,\\n12 m. W. of Morristown, contains two churches and about 50 dwell-\\nings. The first permanent settlement in the township was made\\nby emigrants from Long Island, who founded the Presbyterian\\nchurch.\\nHANOVER.\\nThis township was first formed about the year 1700 by the name\\nWhipponong, and was then included in the limits of Hunterdon\\ncounty the name of Hanover was given about 1740. It is about\\n10 miles long, with an average width of 5| miles. It is bounded\\nN. by Pequannock, E. by Livingston, Essex co., S. by Morris and\\nChatham, and W. by Randolph. The surface on the west is moun-\\ntainous elsewhere, generally hilly or undulating. The Rocka-\\nway river flows on the N. and the Passaic on the E. boundary.\\nIt is also well watered by several smaller streams flowing into\\nRockaway river, among which are Whipany and the Parcipany, a\\nsmall stream emptying into Whipany river. On these streams are\\nprobably more mill-seats and mills than in any other township of\\nequal territory in the state, there being 21 mills, viz 4 cotton, 1\\ndyewood, 1 machine, 1 extensive rolling, 6 saw, 5 flouring, and 3\\nextensive paper-mills besides five forges. In prosperous times,\\nthese establishments give life and energy to the business of the\\ncountry. The district of Troy, a very fertile tract, 2 miles long\\nby one wide, in good seasons fattens from one to three hundred\\nbeeves of the largest kind, and sells about 500 tons of hay annually.\\nThe county poorhouse, containing about 120 paupers, is in this\\ntownship. There are in Hanover 13 schools, 597 scholars. Popu-\\nlation 3,909.\\nThe township was first settled about 1685, soon after the settle-\\nment of Newark, and is supposed to have been the earliest settle-\\nment within the limits of what is now Morris and Sussex counties.\\nThe first settlers were principally from Newark, Elizabethtown,\\nEast Hampton, L. I., New England and England. They were pro-\\nbably drawn thither by the abundance of iron ore in the country, as\\nthey erected several forges and entered extensively into the manu-\\nfacture hence the locality soon after, at that early day, was called\\nthe Old Forges. The ore was brought on the backs of horses\\nfrom a locality about 20 miles west here manufactured, and then\\nconveyed in the same manner over the Orange mountains to New-\\nark. The following are names of some few of the early emigrants,\\nwhose descendants are living in this place and region Timothy,\\nSamuel, and Joseph Tuttle, three brothers, from the N. of England,", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0387.jp2"}, "388": {"fulltext": "380 MORRIS COUNTY.\\nnear the river Tweed Joseph and Abraham Kitchel, brothers, and\\nFrancis Lindsley, all from England.\\nThe first church, a Presbyterian, in Morris county, was built in\\nWhipany in 1718, on the N. bank of the river, on a portion of the\\nland* since occupied as a public burying-ground. The congrega-\\ntion extended over a considerable portion of the territory now occu-\\npied by those of Morristown, Madison, Parcipany, Hanover, and\\nChatham village. The first clergyman was the Rev. Nathaniel\\nHubbel he was succeeded by the Rev. John Nutman, about the\\nyear 1730, who left in 1745. The Rev. Jacob Green was installed\\nin Nov., 1746, and preached in the original church edifice at Whip-\\nany until 1755, when a new meeting-house was erected at Hanover\\nNeck, and also one at Parcipany. The congregation vacated the\\nold church and divided between the two new ones. A few years\\nprevious, in 1740, the people 8 W. of here withdrew and formed a\\nchurch at Morristown, and, about 1748, those in the S. part of the\\nparish formed one at Bottle Hill, now Madison. The Rev. Mr.\\nGreen, for about two years, preached at Parcipany and Hanover,\\nwhen he remained solely with the latter until his decease, May\\n24th, 1790, thus making his ministry a duration of nearly 44 years.\\nHe was an active and devout man, and did much to enstamp upon\\nthat generation a high moral and religious character. Rev. Calvin\\nWhite succeeded, June 29, 1791, and was dismissed at his request\\nNov. 17, 1795. His ministry, though brief, was useful. Not long\\nafter he was connected with the Episcopal church, and, as reported,\\nfinally became a Catholic clergyman. The venerable Aaron Con-\\ndit, who had some years previous been installed pastor of a church\\nin New York state, commenced his ministerial labors at Hanover,\\nin July, 1790, and was installed the 13th Dec. following. Having\\nheld the pastoral office upwards of 35 years, his health so far failed\\nthat, at his request, his relation with the church was dissolved in\\nOctober, 1831. In a recent half-century sermon preached by him\\nto the people of his late charge, it was stated, that in the course of\\nhis ministry he had preached there and elsewhere about 4,300\\ntimes; attended 043 funerals; administered the Lord s supper 100\\ntimes; baptized 170 adults and 705 infants; and received to the\\ncommunion of the church 627 persons. During his pastoral rela-\\ntion ten young men, who professed religion there, became ministers\\nand nine pious females the wives of clergymen. The Rev. Mr.\\nJames Tuttle (it is believed) was the first clergyman settled at\\nParcipany; he was ordained April, 1768. His successors were\\nThe following is extracted from an ancient deed of this ground I, John Rich-\\nards, of Whipponong, in the county of Hunterdon, schoolmaster, for and in considera-\\ntion of the love and affection that I have for my Christian friends and neighbors in\\nWhipponong, and for a desire to promote and advance the public interest, and especially\\nfor those who shall covenant and agree to erect a suitable meeting-house for the public\\nworship of God, 3J acres of land, situate and being in the township of Whipponong, on\\nthat part called Percipponong, on the northwestward side of Whipponong river only for\\npublic use, improvement, and benefit, for a meeting-house, school-house, burying-yard,\\nand training-field, and such like uses, and no other. Dated Sept. 2d., 1718.", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0388.jp2"}, "389": {"fulltext": "MORRIS COUNTY. 381\\nDr. Darby, Rev. Joseph Grover, Rev. Mr. Benedict, Rev. Samuel\\nPhelps, and the present pastor, (1843,) the Rev. John Ford, settled\\nin 1816.\\nBoonton, 1 1 miles N. of Morristown, on the N. boundary of Han-\\nover, and on the line of the Morris canal and on Rockaway river,\\nhas the most extensive iron manufactories of any village in the\\nstate. The works belong to the East Jersey Iron Manufacturing\\nCompany. They were erected in 1830 with some important addi-\\ntions at a later period, at the original cost of $283,000 and consist\\nof a blast furnace 42 feet high, which produced at its last blast\\n1,G50 tons good pig-iron and four blooming forges, capable of\\nmaking 1,000 tons annually of malleable iron. The rolling depart-\\nment of this establishment consists of a train for rolling sheets one\\nfor hoops one for braziers rods one for band iron one for the\\nvarious sizes of merchant bars, including nail bars and nail plates,\\nand also including tires for locomotive engines one set of slitters,\\nfor rods and shapes of various sizes and a large train of prepara-\\ntory rolls sufficient to furnish stock for the action of all other trains.\\nThe sheet mill is one of the best in the United States, and has turned\\nout, in a single month, 112 tons of good sheet iron.\\nThis company annually produce pig-iron to the amount of 40,000\\ndollars, and wrought iron, of the various sizes and kinds, of the\\nvalue of 280,000 dollars. Of this sum, more than two hundred\\nthousand dollars is paid out, directly and indirectly, for home labor.\\nThe materials of which iron is composed are of little comparative\\nvalue, in their primitive state. They consist principally of ores,\\nlimestone, coals, fire-sand, and clay all of which are estimated at\\nlow prices until labor has been bestowed on them in mining and\\ntransportation. There are also in the place a Presbyterian church,\\nestablished in 1831, 3 stores, and 31 dwellings. The scenery here\\nis uncommonly picturesque the river descends in a cascade of\\nabout 30 feet fall, and furnishes abundance of water-power. The\\npopulation is about 350, and is composed principally of English\\nemigrants.\\nWhipany, anciently spelled Whipponong, is pleasantly situated\\nin the valley of the river of the same name, 4 miles NE. of Mor-\\nristown. It contains 8 mills, viz. 1 clothing, 4 paper, and 3 cotton\\nmills 1 machine and 3 blacksmith shops 3 stores, a tavern, 2\\nchurches, and, within the circle of a mile, (500 inhabitants. In 1833\\nthose of this village connected with the Presbyterian church at\\nHanover left, and organized as the first Presbyterian church of\\nWhipany by the Presbytery of Newark, with 40 members, under\\nthe pastoral charge of the Rev. Wm. W. Newel, of South Boston.\\nThey withdrew from the Presbytery, and united, July 31, 1837, with\\nthe Congregational association of New York. Their church edi-\\nfice was dedicated June 19, 1834. The Methodist chapel was built\\nin 1825. The first military company in Morris co. was formed in\\nthis vicinity, under Capt. Morris, in the fall of 1775. Many of the\\nyoung men volunteered for a year s campaign to the north. The", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0389.jp2"}, "390": {"fulltext": "382 MORRIS COUNTY.\\ninhabitants of this place, excepting a single family, were ardent\\npatriots.\\nParcipany, formerly named Parcipponong, 7 miles N. of Morris-\\ntown, contains a Methodist church, built in 1830, a Presbyterian\\nchurch, founded in 1755; 5 stores, 2 taverns, an academy, 2 grist-\\nmills, and about 40 dwellings scattered along the road. Hanover\\nNeck, Littletown, Troy, Denville, and Monroe contain each a few\\ndwellings.\\nIn the spring of 1842, while a well was being dug on a declivity\\nwhich rose in its rear about 20 feet in 50 rods, and had been exca-\\nvated to the depth of 22 feet, a roaring noise was heard. The per-\\nson at work in it was drawn up as soon as possible, swiftly pur-\\nsued by a gushing tide, which has since been running over the top\\nin a strong and rapid stream. In the same year there was born in\\nthe township a pair of twins, not connected like the Siamese, by an\\numbilical ligament, but by the whole breadth of their bodies, from\\nthe middle of the breast to the bottom of the abdomen. Although\\nnot separate, their persons appeared entirely distinct and perfect in\\norganization. They survived their birth only a short time.\\nMENDIIAM.\\nThis township is about 6 m. square bounded N. by Randolph,\\nE. by Morris, S. by Bernard and Bedminster, Somerset co., and W.\\nby Chester. The surface is generally hilly, and on the N. moun-\\ntainous. The soil is fertile, productive in wheat and grass, and\\ngreat numbers of peaches are raised. Limestone is quarried to a\\nconsiderable extent on the North Branch of the Raritan. The\\ntownship is well watered, and important branches of the Raritan\\nand Passaic take their rise within a mile of each other. There are\\n2 grist, 1 saw, 1 fulling m., 1 woollen, 1 cotton factory cap. in\\nmanufac. $29,800 3 academies, 95 students 5 schools, 183 schol-\\nars. Pop. 1,378.\\nThe earliest regular settlement in Mendham was on the North\\nBranch of the Raritan. As early as 1713 there were some few\\nsquatters cabins. At that time land was taken up by the Wills\\nfamily, but they did not settle until many years after. The village\\nof Mendham is in the central part, 6i miles SW. of Morristown.\\nAmong the first settlers in the vicinity were the Byram, Cary,\\nThompson, and Drake families. The grave-stone of the elder Eb-\\nenezer Byram, which is now standing in the graveyard, records\\nhis death Au?;. 9th, 1753. aged 61. When he came, the locality\\nbore the Indian name, Roxiticus. The name of a tavern which he\\nestablished was The Black Horse, from its sign. Tradition as-\\nserts the neighborhood was rendered famous by the pranks of a\\nwild crew of fellows who lived there. Mr. Byram having been\\ntold the nature of the society he had settled in, replied, I ll mend\\nem an assertion he carried out literally hence the name,\\nMendham.", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0390.jp2"}, "391": {"fulltext": "MORRIS COUNTY.\\n383\\nThe village of Mendham contains a Methodist and a Presbyte-\\nrian church, an academy for males, and the Hill-top Seminary,\\nfor females several stores, 2 carriage establishments, and about\\n50 dwellings. When a young man, the Hon. Samuel L. Southard\\ntaught school in Mendham. A considerable number of young men\\nhave been prepared for college in this place, who finally entered\\ninto the ministry of the Presbyterian church.\\nPresbyterian Church, Mendham.\\nThe Presbyterian church, standing on a beautiful and command-\\ning elevation in the southern part of the village, is seen, in some\\ndirections, for a distance of many miles and it is asserted that\\nwhen the atmosphere is very clear it can be discerned from eleva-\\nted land in Pennsylvania, distant 30 or 40 miles. The oldest stone\\nin the ancient graveyard adjoining this church, is that of Stephen\\nCooke, who died Dec. 16th, 1749. The first person there buried\\nwas Mrs. Drake, in 1745. There are two other burying-grounds,\\nthough unused for many years. One is on a hill a quarter of a\\nmile E. of the N. Branch of the Raritan, within a few rods of the\\nWashington turnpike the other a mile S. of the village, on the\\nBaldwin farm, which latter is now a cultivated field.\\nSome time previous to 1740, a small building was erected for\\npublic worship by the Presbyterians, on the Morris turnpike, about\\na mile and a half west of the village. In October, 1743, Mr. Eliab\\nByram, from Bridge water, Mass., commenced preaching. In 1745\\na new church was erected on the hill, which remained until a new\\none was built in 1816. In 1835 it was burnt, and the present\\nhandsome edifice reared. The following are the names of the pas-\\ntors of this society, with the dates of their settlement. Eliab By-\\nram, May, 1744 John Pierson, (son of President Pierson, of Yale\\nCollege,) spring of 1753 Francis Peppard, 1764 Thomas Lewis,\\nspring of 1769; John Joline, May, 1778; Amzi Armstrong, Nov.\\n29, 1796 Samuel H. Cox, July 1, 1817 Philip C. Hay, June 19,\\n1821 John Vanlieu, June 19, 1824 and Daniel H. Johnson, the\\npresent pastor, June 27, 1826. Ralstonville and Water Street are", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0391.jp2"}, "392": {"fulltext": "384 MORRIS COUNTY.\\nsmall collections of houses in the township, the first 1| miles W.\\nand the last 3^ m. NE, of Mendham.\\nThere was anciently an Indian village on the farm of Col. J. W.\\nDrake, on the hill-side about 40 rods from his dwelling. The\\nhouses were scattered continuously around the hill. Indian arrow-\\nheads, stones, and other relics, have there been occasionally\\nploughed up. In the winter of 1779-80, when the American head-\\nquarters were at Morristown, a portion of the army were barracked\\nin rude log huts, in this and Morris townships. The head-quarters\\nof two of the officers, Col. Robinson and Chevalier Massillon, a\\nFrench officer, were at the dwelling now occupied by Col. J. W.\\nDrake, about a mile from the village, on the road to Morristown,\\nat that time the residence of his grandfather. On the breaking\\nout of the mutiny in the Pennsylvania line, the officers were ex-\\ntremely alarmed, and, in one or two instances, ran from their camp\\nbarefooted in the snow for 2 or 3 miles. Despairing of their coun-\\ntry s cause, some of them wept. When here, the soldiers lived\\nmiserably broken down by disease and want, they depredated\\nupon the inhabitants, became filthy in their persons, and infested\\nwith vermin. When the sickness was at its height, no less than\\nforty coffins were brought at one time, and piled against the barn\\nof Mr. Drake, which, together with the church, was used as an\\nhospital, the latter having been divested of its seats for that pur-\\npose. Callous and inured to the horrors that beset them, the sol-\\ndiers, regardless of all, were seen playing cards upon coffins con-\\ntaining the remains of their deceased comrades.\\nMORRIS.\\nMorris is bounded N. by Hanover, E. by Chatham S. by Warren,\\nSomerset co., and New Providence, Essex co. W. by Mendham\\nand Bernard, Somerset co. It is about 13 m. long, and 5 broad.\\nThe surface is generally hilly and rolling, with occasional plains\\nthe soil clay and sandy loam, and much of it highly cultivated.\\nBesides Morristown, there are several small villages or localities\\nthey are Logansville, New Vernon, Morris s Plains, and Spring\\nValley. There are in Morris 2 paper-m., 5 grist-m., G saw-m.\\ncap. in manufac. $137,380 3 academies, 116 students 10 schools,\\n341 scholars. Pop. 4,013.\\nMorristown, the seat of justice for Morris co., is situated on an\\nelevated plain, 50 m. from Trenton, 19 from Newark, and 26 from\\nNew York. It is one of the most beautiful villages in the Union.\\nIt is laid out into streets crossing at right angles, in some instances\\nadorned with trees, and many fine private dwellings, with ample\\nyards and garden plots, giving an air of neatness and comfort. In\\nthe centre of the town is a beautiful public square, on which front\\nmany stores, the first Presbyterian church, and one of the most mag-\\nnificent hotels in the country. The village is supplied with pure\\nspring water by an aqueduct, the head of which is over a mile dis-", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0392.jp2"}, "393": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0393.jp2"}, "394": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0394.jp2"}, "395": {"fulltext": "MORRIS COUNTY. 385\\ntant. Through it pass several stages, and the Morris and Essex\\nrailroad, which has lately been fitted up with an H rail, connects\\nit with the city of Newark. Cars commenced running on this road\\nin January, 1838. There are in the village about 25 stores, several\\nextensive carriage manufactories, the Speedwell iron works,\\nmany mechanic shops, 2 newspaper printing-offices, 2 banks, the\\ncounty buildings, 2 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1\\nMethodist churches, and a population of about 2,000.\\nMorristown was probably settled between the years 1700 and 1720,\\nand in 1740 the first Presbyterian church was established. In the\\nwar of the revolution, the village numbered a population of about\\n250. The first courthouse in the county was built in 1755: it\\nstood on the N. corner of the green, 2 or 3 rods south of where the\\nU. S. Hotel now stands. The green was then an open common.\\nThis building was a plain wooden structure, with a cupola and\\nbell. Its sides, as well as roof, were shingled. The present court-\\nhouse was built 18 or 20 years since, at an expense of $25,000\\nand it is one of the handsomest in the state, being finished finely\\nboth externally and internally. It stands on rising ground, at the\\nfoot of a hill, and has a neat yard in front, adorned with shrubbery.\\nImmediately back of the courthouse, on the hill, are the ruins of a\\nfort built in the revolution.\\nThe American army under Washington had their winter-quar-\\nters at Morristown and vicinity, on two different occasions. The\\nfirst time was in Jan., 1777, immediately after the battles of Tren-\\nton and Princeton. The second was during the winter of 1779-80.\\nThe Pennsylvania line were also stationed here in the succeeding\\nwinter.\\nThe first season, Washington quartered in the old Freeman tav-\\nern, which stood on the north side of the green. While here, he\\nwas initiated into the mysteries of free-masonry, in the Morris ho-\\ntel, in the room over where the bar-room now is. That building\\nwas built for a commissaries storehouse, and the upper part reserv-\\ned for a ball-room and a masons lodge. The dwelling occupied\\nby Washington as his head-quarters, in the winter of 1779-80, is\\nsituated about half a mile east of the public square, on the New-\\nark and Morristown turnpike, and is now the residence of Gabriel\\nFord, Esq. It is of brick, covered with wood, and painted white.\\nThen it was the residence of the widow of Col. Jacob Ford, (the\\nfather of the present resident,) who commanded the 1st regiment\\nof Morris co. militia during Washington s retreat through the state.\\nThe house fronts the south. The general and his suite occupied\\nthe whole building, excepting the two rooms east of the entry,\\nwhich were retained by the family. The front room, west of the\\ndoor, was his dining-room, and that east, in the second story, his\\nsleeping apartment. There was a small log kitchen attached\\nto the eastern end, used by Washington s cook, and also a larger\\nlog structure at the west end, in which Washington, Hamilton, and\\n49", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0395.jp2"}, "396": {"fulltext": "386\\nMORRIS COUNTY.\\nTilghman had their offices. Two sentinels paraded in front, and\\ntwo in the rear constantly, day and night. The life-guard, com-\\nposed of about 250 men, under Gen. Wm. Colfax, were barracked\\nin about 50 rude huts which stood in the meadow formed by the\\nangle of two roads a few rods SE. of the dwelling.\\nWashington s Head-quarters, Morristown.\\nSeveral times in the course of the winter false alarms were giv-\\nen of the approach of the enemy. First, a distant report of a gun\\nwould be heard from the most remote sentinel, and then, one near-\\ner, and so on, until the sentinels by the house would fire in turn.\\nFrom them, it would be communicated on towards Morristown,\\nuntil the last gun would be heard far to the westward at camp.\\nImmediately, the life-guard would rush from their huts into the\\nhouse, barricade the doors, open the windows, and about five men\\nwould place themselves at each window, with their muskets brought\\nto a charge, loaded and cocked ready for defence. There they\\nwould remain until the troops from camp were seen marching, with\\nmusic, at quick-step down towards the mansion. During one of\\nthese alarms, an amusing incident occurred, tending to show the\\ncoolness of Washington. One evening, about midnight, when some\\nof the younger officers were indulging themselves over their wine,\\nin the dining-room, an alarm was given. A guest, a young man\\nfrom New York, something of a bon vivant, was in much trepida-\\ntion, and rushing out into the entry, exclaimed, Where s the gen-\\neral where s the general Washington, just then coming down\\nstairs, met him, and in moderate terms, said, Be quiet, young man,\\nbe quiet\\nThose who knew Washington, while here, have a vivid recollec-\\ntion of him. He was reserved, and his mind appeared continually\\nin exercise. He united sound judgment with an extraordinary de-\\ngree of caution. These traits, with his commanding person, in-", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0396.jp2"}, "397": {"fulltext": "MORRIS COUNTY. 387\\nspired awe, and gave a natural dignity, of a far different kind from\\nthat evinced in the bearing of inferior military men. The lady of\\nthe general was here with him, and they both frequently spent their\\nevenings with the family. On these occasions, although reserved*\\nhe was more free than when in company with his officers. He\\nsometimes smiled, but is not recollected to have been seen laughing\\nheartily, except on one occasion. This was when he was describ-\\ning Arnold s escape, and giving an account of his ludicrous appear-\\nance as he galloped from the Robinson House, near West Point, to\\nembark on board the enemy s vessel.\\nHe was generally accustomed to invite a certain number of offi-\\ncers to dine with him every day. An 1 officer, who was. with the\\narmy while in New Jersey, thus gives his impressions of the\\ncommander-in-chief, while partaking of the hospitalities of his\\ntable\\nIt is natural to view with keen attention the countenance of an. illustrious man, with\\nthe secret hope of discovering in his features some peculiar traces of excellence, which\\ndistinguishes him from, and elevates him above his fellow mortals. These expectations\\nare realized in a peculiar manner in viewing the person of Gen. Washington. His tall\\nand noble stature, and just proportions, his fine, cheerful, open countenance, simple and\\nmodest deportment, arc all calculated to interest every beholder in his favor, and to com-\\nmand veneration and respect. He is feared even when silent, and beloved even while\\nwe are unconscious of the motive. The table was elegantly furnished, and the provisions\\nample, though not abounding in superfluities. The civilities of the table were performed\\nby Col, Hamilton, and the other gentlemen of the family, the general and lady being\\nseated at the side of the table. In conversation, his excellency s expressive countenance\\nis peculiarly interesting and pleasing a placid smile is frequently observed on his lips,\\nhut a loud laugh, it is said, seldom if ever escapes him. He is polite and attentive to\\neach individual at table, and retires after the compliments of a few glasses. Mrs. Wash-\\nington combines, in an uncommon degree, great dignity of manner with the most pleas-\\ning affability, but possesses no striking marks of beauty. I learn from the Virginia offi-\\ncers that Mrs. Washington has ever been honored as a lady of distinguished goodness,\\npossessing all the virtues which adorn her sex, amiable in her temper and deportment,\\nfull of benignity, benevolence, and charity, seeking for objects of affliction and poverty,\\nthat she may extend to the sufferers the hand of kindness and relief. These surely are\\nthe attributes which reveal a heart replete with those virtues so appropriate and esti-\\nmable in the female character.\\nCount Pulaski frequently exercised his corps of cavalry in front\\nof the head-quarters. He was an expert horseman, and performed\\nmany feats of skill. He would sometimes, while his horse was on\\nfull gallop, discharge his pistol, toss it in the air, catch it by the\\nbarrel, and throw it ahead as if at an enemy. With his horse still\\non the jump, he would lift one foot out of the stirrup, and, with the\\nother foot in, bend to the ground and recover the weapon. Some\\nof the best horsemen in the army, the Virginia lighthorse, attempt-\\ned to imitate the feat. Once in three or four trials they would\\nsucceed in catching the pistol none, however, were able to pick it\\nup from the ground, but in their attempts got some terrible falls.\\nWashington frequently rode out on horseback, accompanied by\\nCol. Hamilton and his mulatto servant Bill. On these occasions,\\nhe was mounted on a light bay horse, so small that his feet nearly\\nreached the ground.\\nHosack, in his Life of Clinton, gives the following anecdote, tend-", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0397.jp2"}, "398": {"fulltext": "388 MORRIS COUNTY.\\ning to show the liberal sentiments of Washington in relation to re-\\nligion\\nWhile the American army, under the command of Washington, lay in the vicinity of\\nMorristown, it occurred that the service of communion (then observed semi-annually\\nonly) was to be administered in the Presbyterian church in that village. In a morning\\nof the previous week, the general, after his accustomed inspection of the camp, visited\\nthe house of the Rev. Dr. Jones, then pastor of that church, and, after the usual pre-\\nliminaries, thus accosted him Doctor, I understand that the Lord s supper is to be\\ncelebrated with you next Sunday. I would learn if it accords with the canons of your\\nchurch to admit communicants of another denomination. The Doctor rejoined, Most\\ncertainly ours is not the Presbyterian s table, general, but the Lord s and hence we\\ngive the Lord s invitation to all his followers, of whatsoever name. The general re-\\nplied, I am glad of it that is as it ought to be but as I was not quite sure of the\\nfact, I thought I would ascertain it from yourself, as I propose to join with you on that\\noccasion. Though a member of the Church of England, I have no exclusive partiali-\\nties. The doctor assured him of a cordial welcome, and the general was found seated\\nwith the conimunicants the next Sabbath.\\nThe following is one of Washington s General Orders while at\\nMorristown\\nHead-quarters, Morristown, 8th May, 1777.\\nAs few vices are attended with more pernicious consequences than gaming, which\\noften brings disgrace and ruin upon officers, and injury and punishment upon the sol-\\ndiery, and reports prevailing, (which, it is to be feared, are too well founded,) that this\\ndestructive vice has spread its baleful influence in the army, and, in a peculiar manner,\\nto the prejudice of the recruiting service, the commander-in-chief, in the most pointed\\nand explicit terms, forbids ALL officers and soldiers playing at cards, dice, or at any\\ngames except those of EXERCISE, for diversion it being impossible, if the practice\\nbe allowed at all, to discriminate between innocent play for amusement, and criminal\\ngaming for pecuniary and sordid purposes.\\nOfficers attentive to their duty will find abundant employment in training and disci-\\nplining their men, providing for them, and seeing that they appear neat, clean, and sol-\\ndierlike. Nor will any thing redound more to their honor, afford them more solid amuse-\\nment, or better answer the end of their appointment, than to devote the vacant moments\\nthey may have to the study of military authors.\\nThe commanding officer of every corps is strictly enjoined to have this order frequently\\nread, and strongly impressed upon the minds of those under his command. Any officer\\nor soldier, or other persons belonging to or following the army, either in camp, in quar-\\nters, on the recruiting service, or elsewhere, presuming, under any pretence, to disobey\\nthis order, shall be tried by a General Court Martial. The general officers in each di-\\nvision of the army are to pay the strictest attention to the due exercise thereof.\\nThe adjutant-general is to transmit copies of this order to the different departments\\nof the army. Also, to execute the same to be immediately published in the gazettes of\\neach state, for the information of officers dispersed on the recruiting service.\\nBy His Excellency s command, Morgan Connor, Adj. Pro tem.\\nThe army, in the winter of 1779-80, encamped on the hill back\\nof the courthouse. Their encampment extended several miles into\\nthe country. The soldiers lived principally in small log huts some\\nof the remains of the stone chimneys are yet found in this and\\nMendham townships. Thatcher, in his Military Journal, gives a\\nvivid description of the sufferings of the troops during the hard\\nwinter of 1779-80. He says\\nMorristown, January 1st, 1780. A new year commences, but brings no\\nrelief to the sufferings and privations of our army. Our canvass covering\\naffords but a miserable security from storms of rain and snow, and a great\\nscarcity of provisions still prevails, and its effects are felt even at head-quar-\\nters, as appears by the following anecdote. We have nothing but the ra-", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0398.jp2"}, "399": {"fulltext": "MORRIS COUNTY 389\\ntions to cook, Sir, said Mrs. Thomson, a very worthy Irish woman, and\\nhousekeeper to General Washington. Well, Mrs. Thomson, you must\\nthen cook the rations, for I have not a farthing to give you. If you\\nplease, Sir, let one of the gentlemen give me an order for six bushels of\\nsalt. Six bushels of salt, for what? To preserve the fresh beef,\\nSir. One of the aids gave the order, and the next day his Excellency s\\ntable was amply provided. Mrs. Thomson was sent for, and told that she had\\ndone very wrong to expend her own money, for it was not known when she\\ncould be repaid. I owe you, said his Excellency, too much already to\\npermit the debt being increased, and our situation is not at this moment such\\nas to induce very sanguine hope. Dear Sir, said the good old lady, it\\nis always darkest just before daylight, and I hope your Excellency will for-\\ngive me for bartering the salt for other necessaries which are now on the\\ntable. Salt was eight dollars a bushel, and it might always be exchanged\\nwith the country people for articles of provision.*\\nThe weather for several days has been remarkably cold and stormy.\\nOn the 3d instant, we experienced one of the most tremendous snow storms\\never remembered no man could endure its violence many minutes without\\ndanger of his life. Several marquees were torn asunder and blown down\\nover the officers heads in the night, and some of the soldiers were actually\\ncovered while in their tents, and buried like sheep under the snow. My\\ncomrades and myself were aroused from sleep by the calls of some officers\\nfor assistance their marquee had blown down, and they were almost\\nsmothered in the storm, before they could reach our marquee, only a few\\nyards, and their blankets and baggage were nearly buried in the snow. We\\nare greatly favored in having a supply of straw for bedding over this we\\nspread all our blankets, and with our clothes and large fires at our feet,\\nwhile four or five are crowded together, preserve ourselves from freezing.\\nBut the sufferings of the poor soldiers can scarcely be described while on\\nduty they are unavoidably exposed to all the inclemency of storms and se-\\nvere cold at night they now have a bed of straw on the ground, and a sin-\\ngle blanket to each man they are badly clad, and some are destitute of\\nshoes. We have contrived a kind of stone chimney outside, and an opening\\natone end of our tents gives us the benefit of the fire within. The snow is\\nnow from four to six feet deep, which so obstructs the roads as to prevent\\nour receiving a supply of provisions. For the last ten days we have re-\\nIn a private letter to a friend, General Washington says, We have had the virtue\\nand patience of the army put to the severest trial. Sometimes it has been five or six\\ndays together without bread at other times as many days without meat and once or\\ntwice two or three days without either. I hardly thought it possible, at one period, that\\nwe should be able to keep it together, nor could it have been done, but for the exertions of\\nthe magistrates in the several counties of this state, (Jersey,) on whom I was obliged to\\ncall, expose our situation to them, and in plain terms declare that we were reduced to\\nthe alternative of disbanding or catering for ourselves, unless the inhabitants would af-\\nford us their aid. I allotted to each county a certain proportion of flour or grain, and a\\ncertain number of cattle, to be delivered on certain days and, for the honor of the magis-\\ntrates, and the good disposition of the people, I must add, that my requisitions were\\npunctually complied with, and in many counties exceeded. Nothing but this great ex-\\nertion could have saved the army from dissolution or starving, as we were bereft of every\\nhope from the commissaries. At one time the soldiers ate every kind of horse food but\\nhay. Buckwheat, common wheat, rye, and Indian corn, composed the meal which made\\ntheir bread. As an army, they bore it with the most heroic patience but sufferings like\\nthese, accompanied by the want of clothes, blankets, c., will produce frequent deser-\\ntion in all armies and so it happened with us, though it did not excite a single mutiny.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0401.jp2"}, "400": {"fulltext": "390 MORRIS COUNTY.\\nceived but two pounds of meat a man, and we are frequently for six or\\neight days entirely destitute of meat, and then as long without bread. The\\nconsequence is, the soldiers are so enfeebled from hunger and cold, as to be\\nalmost unable to perform their military duty, or labor in constructing their\\nhuts. It is well known that General Washington experiences the greatest\\nsolicitude for the sufferings of his army, and is sensible that they in general\\nconduct with heroic patience and fortitude. His Excellency, it is under-\\nstood, despairing of supplies from the Commissary General, has made appli-\\ncation to the magistrates of the state of New Jersey for assistance in pro-\\ncuring provisions. This expedient has been attended with the happiest suc-\\ncess. It is honorable to the magistrates and people of Jersey, that they\\nhave cheerfully complied with the requisition, and furnished for the present\\nan ample supply, and have thus probably saved the army from destruction.\\nAs if to make up the full measure of grief and embarrassment to the\\nCommander-in-chief, repeated complaints have come to him that some of\\nthe soldiers are in the practice of pilfering and plundering the inhabitants\\nof their poultry, sheep, pigs, and even their cattle, from their farms. This\\nmarauding practice has often been prohibited in general orders, under the\\nseverest penalties, and some exemplary punishments have been inflicted.\\nGeneral Washington possesses an inflexible firmness of purpose, and is de-\\ntermined that discipline and subordination in camp shall be rigidly enforced\\nand maintained. The whole army has been sufficiently warned and cau-\\ntioned against robbing the inhabitants on any pretence whatever, and no sol-\\ndier is subjected to punishment without a fair trial, and conviction by a\\ncourt-martial. Death has been inflicted in a few instances of an atrocious\\nnature, but in general the punishment consists in a public whipping, and\\nthe number of stripes is proportioned to the degree of offence. The law of Mo-\\nses prescribes forty stripes save one, but this number hasoften been exceeded\\nin our camp. In aggravated cases, and with old offenders, the culprit is\\nsentenced to receive one hundred lashes or more. It is always the duty of\\nthe drummers and fifers to inflict the chastisement, and the drum-major must\\nattend and see that the duty is faithfully performed. The culprit being se-\\ncurely tied to a tree or post, receives on his naked back the number of lashes\\nassigned him, by a whip formed of several small knotted cords, which some-\\ntimes cut through the skin at every stroke. However strange it may appear,\\na soldier will often receive the severest stripes without uttering a groan, or\\nonce shrinking from the lash, even while the blood flows freely from his\\nlacerated wounds. This must be ascribed to stubbornness or pride. They\\nhave, however, adopted a method which they say mitigates the anguish in\\nsome measure it is by putting between the teeth a leaden bullet, on which\\nthey chew while under the lash, till it is made quite flat and jagged. In\\nsome instances of incorrigible villains, it is adjudged by the court that the\\nculprit receive his punishment at several different times, a certain number\\nof stripes repeated at intervals of two or three days, in which case the\\nwounds are in a state of inflammation, and the skin rendered more sensibly\\ntender and the terror of the punishment is greatly aggravated. Another\\nmode of punishment is that of running the gauntlet this is done by a com-\\npany of soldiers standing in two lines, each one furnished with a switch,\\nand the criminal is made to run between them, and receive the scourge\\nfrom their hands on his naked back but the delinquent runs so rapidly,\\nand the soldiers are so apt to favor a comrade, that it often happens in this\\nway that the punishment is very trivial but on some occasions a soldier is\\nordered to hold a bayonet at his breast to impede his steps.", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0402.jp2"}, "401": {"fulltext": "MORRIS COUNTY. 391\\nMarch. The present winter is the most severe and distressing which we\\nhare ever experienced. An immense body of snow remains on the ground.\\nOur soldiers are in a wretched condition for the want of clothes, blankets,\\nand shoes and these calamitous circumstances are accompanied by a want\\nof provisions. It has several times happened that the troops were reduced\\nto one-half, or to one-quarter allowance, and some days have passed without\\nany meat or bread being delivered out. The causes assigned for these ex-\\ntraordinary deficiencies, are the very low state of the public finances, in\\nconsequence of the rapid depreciation of the continental currency, and\\nsome irregularity in the commissary s department. Our soldiers, in gene-\\nral, support their sufferings with commendable firmness, but it is feared that\\ntheir patience will be exhausted, and very serious consequences ensue.\\nMay. The officers of our army have long been dissatisfied with their\\nsituation, conceiving that we are devoting our lives to the public service,\\nwithout an adequate remuneration. Our sacrifices are incalculably great,\\nand far exceed the bounds of duty, which the public can of right claim from\\nany one class of men. Our wages are not punctually paid we are fre-\\nquently five or six months in arrears, and the continental money which we\\nreceive is depreciated to the lowest ebb. Congress have established a scale\\nof depreciation, by which the continental bills are valued at forty for one of\\nsilver, and at this rate they have resolved that all their bills shall be called\\nin, and a new emission shall be issued, and received at the rate of one for\\nforty of the old emission. But the public confidence in paper money is\\ngreatly diminished, and it is with extreme difficulty that proper supplies can\\nbe procured to serve the pressing exigencies of our army. I have just seen\\nin the newspaper an advertisement offering for an article forty dollars a\\npound, or three shillings in silver. This is the trash which is tendered to\\nrequite us for our sacrifices, for our sufferings and privations, while in the\\nservice of our country. It is but a sordid pittance even for our common\\npurposes while in camp, but those who have families dependent on them at\\nhome, are reduced to a deplorable condition. In consequence of this state of\\nthings, a considerable number of officers have been compelled to resign\\ntheir commissions.* His Excellency General Washington is perplexed\\nwith an apprehension that he shall lose many of his most experienced and\\nvaluable officers and knowing the injustice which they suffer, he has taken\\na warm interest in their cause, and repeatedly represented to Congress the\\nabsolute necessity of making such provision as will encourage the officers\\nto continue in service to the end of the war. This subject he has pressed\\nwith such earnestness and solicitude, as at length to effect the desired pur-\\npose. Congress have resolved that all officers of the line of the army who\\nshall continue in service till the close of the war, shall be entitled to half\\npay during life, and the depreciation of their pay shall be made good and\\nThe British in New York counterfeited our paper currency by cartloads, and sent it\\ninto the country, with the sordid view of increasing its depreciation. The officers of the\\nJersey line addressed a memorial to their state legislature, setting forth that four months\\npay of a soldier would not procure for his family a single bushel of wheat that the pay\\nof a colonel would not purchase oats for his horse that a common laborer or express\\nrider received four times as much as an American officer. They urged that unless a\\nspeedy and ample remedy was provided, the total dissolution of their line was inevitable\\nThe officers of whole lines announced their determination to quit the service. The per-\\nsonal influence of General Washington was exerted with the officers in preventing their\\nadoption of such ruinous measures, and with the states to remove the causes which led\\nto them.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0403.jp2"}, "402": {"fulltext": "392 MORRIS COUNTY.\\nalso that they shall receive a number of acres of land, in proportion to their\\nrank, at the close of the war. This measure meets the approbation, and is\\nsatisfactory to those who are to be entitled to the provision but it includes\\nthe officers of the line of the army, only it is not extended to the medical\\nstaff, and they consider themselves pointedly neglected. Why are the offi-\\ncers of the line allowed this exclusive act of justice, a compensation for the\\ndepreciation of the currency? If it is just for the line, what reasons can\\nbe assigned why the staff officers should not be included, when the deprecia-\\ntion is known to be common to both Equal justice should be the motto of\\nevery government. The officers on the staff have a right to think themselves\\ntreated with the most flagrant injustice.\\nA committee have arrived in camp from Congress, for the purpose of in-\\nvestigating the circumstances and condition of the army, and of redressing\\nour grievances, if in their power.\\nOn the evening of the first of January, 1781, the Pennsylvania\\nline stationed in the vicinity of Morristown, having for some time\\nprevious evinced great dissatisfaction, broke out into open revolt.\\nBelow is a full narrative of this event, from the work from which\\nthe preceding extracts are made.\\nThe Pennsylvania line of troops, consisting of about two thousand men,\\nin winter-quarters in the vicinity of Morristown, have come to the desperate\\nresolution of revolting from their officers. Though the Pennsylvania troops\\nhave been subjected to all the discouragements and difficulties felt by the\\nrest of the army, some particular circumstances peculiar to themselves have\\ncontributed to produce the revolt. When the soldiers first enlisted, the re-\\ncruiting officers were provided with enlisting rolls for the term of three\\nyears, or during the continuance of the war, and as the officers indulged the\\nopinion that the war would not continue more than three years, they were\\nperhaps indifferent in which column the soldier s name was inserted, leaving\\nit liable to an ambiguity of construction. It is clear, however, that a part\\nenlisted for three years, and others for the more indefinite term during the\\nwar. The soldiers now contend that they enlisted for three years at fur-\\nthest, and were to have been discharged sooner, in case the war terminated\\nbefore the expiration of this term. The war being protracted beyond the\\ntime expected, and the officers knowing the value of soldiers who have been\\ntrained by three years service, are accused of putting a different construc-\\ntion on the original agreement, and claiming their services during the war.\\nThe soldiers, even those who actually listed for the war, having received\\nvery small bounties, complain of imposition and deception, and their case is\\nextremely aggravated by the fact, that three half joes have now been offered\\nas a bounty to others, who will enlist for the remainder of the war, when\\nthese veteran soldiers have served three years for a mere shadow of com-\\npensation It was scarcely necessary to add to their trying circumstances,\\na total want of pay for twelve months, and a state of nakedness and famine,\\nto excite in a soldier the spirit of insurrection. The officers themselves,\\nalso feeling aggrieved, and in a destitute condition, relaxed in their system\\nof camp discipline, and the soldiers occasionally overheard their murmurs\\nand complaints. Having appointed a sergeant-major for their commander,\\nstyling him major-general, and having concerted their arrangements, on the\\nfirst day of the new year they put their mutinous scheme into execution.\\nOn a preconcerted signal, the whole line, except a part of three regiments,", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0404.jp2"}, "403": {"fulltext": "MORRIS COUNTY. 393\\nparaded under arms without their officers, marched to the magazines, and\\nsupplied themselves with provisions and ammunition, and seizing six field\\npieces, took horses from General Wayne s stable to transport them. The\\nofficers of the line collected those who had not yet joined the insurgents and\\nendeavored to restore order, but the revolters fired and killed a Captain Bil-\\nling, and wounded several other officers, and a few men were killed on each\\nside. The mutineers commanded the party who opposed them to come\\nover to them instantly, or they should be bayoneted, and the order was\\nobeyed.\\nGeneral Wayne, who commanded the Pennsylvania troops, endeavored to\\ninterpose his influence and authority, urging them to return to their duty,\\ntill their grievances could be inquired into and redressed. But all was to\\nno purpose, and on cocking his pistol, they instantly presented their bayonets\\nto his breast, saying, We respect and love you; often have you led us into the\\nfield of battle, hut we are no longer under your command; we warn you to he on\\nyour guard; if you fire your pistols, or attempt to enforce your commands, we\\nshall put you instantly to death. General Wayne next expostulated with\\nthem, expressing his apprehension that they were about to sacrifice the glo-\\nrious cause of their country, and that the enemy would avail themselves of\\nthe opportunity to advance and improve so favorable an occasion. They\\nassured him that they still retained an attachment and respect for the cause\\nwhich they had embraced, and that, so far from a disposition to abandon it,\\nif the enemy should dare to come out of New York, they would, under his\\nand his officers orders, face them in the field, and oppose them to the ut-\\nmost in their power. They complained that they had been imposed on and\\ndeceived respecting the term of their enlistment, that they had received no\\nwages for more than a year, and that they were destitute of clothing, and\\nhad often been deprived of their rations. These were their grievances, and\\nthey were determined to march to Philadelphia, and demand of Congress\\nthat justice which had so long been denied them. They commenced their\\nmarch in regular military order, and when encamped at night, they posted\\nout piquets, guards, and sentinels. General Wayne, to prevent their dep-\\nredations on private property, supplied them with provisions, and he, with\\nColonels Stewart and Butler, officers whom the soldiers respected and loved,\\nfollowed and mixed with them, to watch their motions and views, and they\\nreceived from them respectful and civil treatment. On the third day, the\\ninsurgent troops reached Princeton, and, by request of General Wayne, they\\ndeputed a committee of sergeants, who stated to him formally in Avriting\\ntheir claims, as follows. 1st. A discharge for all those, w ithout exception,\\nwho had served three years under their original engagements, and had not\\nreceived the increased bounty and re-enlisted for the war. 2d. An imme-\\ndiate payment of all their arrears of pay and clothing, both to those who\\nshould be discharged, and those who should be retained. 3d. The residue\\nof their bounty, to put them on an equal footing with those recently enlisted,\\nand future substantial pay to those who should remain in the service. To\\nthese demands, in their full extent, General Wayne could not feel himself\\nauthorized to answer in the affirmative, and a further negotiation was re-\\nferred to the civil authority of the state of Pennsylvania. General Wash-\\nington, whose head-quarters are at New Windsor, on the west side of the\\nHudson, received the intelligence on the 3d instant, and summoned a coun-\\ncil of war, consisting of the general and field officers, to devise the most\\nproper measures to be pursued on this alarming occasion. Great apprehen-\\nsion was entertained that other troops, who have equal cause of discontent\\n50", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0405.jp2"}, "404": {"fulltext": "394 MORRIS COUNTY.\\nwould be excited to adopt a similar course. It is ordered, that five battalions\\nbe formed by detachments from the several lines, to be held in perfect readi-\\nness to march on the shortest notice, with four days provision cooked and\\nmeasures, it is understood, are taken to bring the militia into immediate ser-\\nvice if required.\\nIntelligence of the revolt having reached Sir Henry Clinton, he cherished\\nthe hope that, by encouraging a rebellion, and turning the swords of our\\nown soldiers against their country and brethren, he should have it in his\\npower to effect an object, which by his own arms he could not accomplish.\\nHe immediately dispatched two emissaries, a British sergeant, and one Og-\\nden, of New Jersey, to the dissatisfied troops, with written instructions, that\\nby laying down their arms, and marching to New York, they should receive\\ntheir arrearages and depreciation in hard cash, and should be well clothed,\\nhave a free pardon for all past offences, and be taken under the protection\\nof the British government, and no military service should be required of\\nthem, unless voluntarily offered. They were requested to send persons\\nto meet agents, who would be appointed by Sir Henry Clinton, to adjust\\nthe terms of a treaty, and the British general himself passed over to\\nStaten Island, having a large body of troops in readiness to act as circum-\\nstances might require. The proposals from the enemy were rejected with\\ndisdain, and the mutineers delivered the papers to General Wayne, but re-\\nfused to give up the emissaries, preferring to keep them in durance till their\\ndifficulties could be discussed and settled. A committee of Congress was\\nappointed, who conferred with the executive council of the state of Pennsyl-\\nvania, and by the latter authority, an accommodation of the affairs with the\\nrevolters has been effected, by giving an interpretation favorable to the sol-\\ndiers, of the enlistments which were for three years or during the war, de-\\nclaring them to expire at the end of three years. The insurgents now sur-\\nrendered the two emissaries into the hands of General Wayne, on the stipu-\\nlated condition, that they should not be executed till their affairs should be\\ncompromised, or in case of failure, the prisoners should be redelivered when\\ndemanded. They were eventually, however, tried as spies, convicted, and\\nimmediately executed. A board of commissioners was now appointed, of\\nwhom three were deputed from the revolters, authorized to determine what\\ndescription of soldiers should be discharged. The result is, that the soldiers\\nhave accomplished their views the committee, from prudential motives, with-\\nout waiting for the enlisting papers, complied with their demands, and dis-\\ncharged from service a majority of the line, on their making oath that they\\nenlisted for three years only. The enlisting rolls having since been pro-\\nduced, it is found that by far the largest number of those liberated had ac-\\ntually enlisted for the whole war. Thus has terminated a most unfortunate\\ntransaction, which might have been prevented, had the just complaints of\\nthe army received proper attention in due season.\\nAbout the year 1788, quite an excitement was created in this section by the Morris-\\ntown Ghost. One Ransford Rogers, a school-teacher from Connecticut, professed to\\nhave a deep knowledge of chemistry. This, he pretended, gave him the power of\\nraising or dispelling good or evil spirits, through whose agency he could obtain hidden\\ntreasures. There had long been a tradition among the superstitious of certain treasures\\nbeing hidden in Schoolcy s mountain. Rogers, taking advantage of it, assured certain\\npersons that there were immense sums deposited in this place, and that several persons\\nhad been murdered and buried with it, to keep guard and, moreover, that it was abso-\\nlutely necessary that their spirits should be raised and consulted, ere the money could be\\nobtained. Rogers, having formed his dupes into a company, held secret meetings, and,\\nby the exercise of considerable cunning, and through the assistance of some whom he let", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0406.jp2"}, "405": {"fulltext": "MORRIS COUNTY. 395\\ninto the secret, impressed them with a belief of his supernatural powers. He would fre-\\nquently get them into lonely places at midnight, draw them into a charmed circle,\\nwhen compositions of gunpowder would mysteriously explode, which trick wonderfully\\nincreased their confidence in his power. He pretended to converse with the spirits, from\\nwhom he ascertained it was necessary for each of the company to raise 12 pounds, and\\nas much more as they could, in order to give to the spirits, before the treasure could be\\nobtained. In this way he obtained upwards of $1,300. In order to carry on the decep-\\ntion, and strengthen their faith, he appeared disguised as a ghost to various members of\\nthe company. On one occasion, having drunk too freely, he blundered so much that\\nsuspicion was aroused, and, the ghost being tracked to his residence, the whole plot\\nexploded. Rogers was imprisoned, but, being bailed out, absconded to parts unknown.\\nDaniel Morgan, a distinguished officer in the American army in the war\\nof the revolution, was a native of New Jersey, and, it is believed, was born\\nat Morristovvn. He removed into Virginia when quite young, for he had\\nbeen residing there about 20 years when the war began. Little has been\\nrecorded of his family or his education but it is said he was destitute of\\nproperty, and drove a wagon some time for a living. In the expedition of\\nGen. Braddock against the French and Indians on the Ohio, which was un-\\ndertaken soon after, he served as a private, at the age of 22 or 23, and was\\nwounded. On a charge of contumacy to a British officer in this campaign,\\nhe is said to have received 500 lashes One can hardly conceive of his\\nsurviving such a severe punishment, and perhaps there was some favor\\nshown by the men who gave them. It is mentioned to his honor, that, in\\nthe war of the revolution, he was humane and generous in his treatment of\\nthe British officers who fell into his hands. After Braddock s unfortunate\\nexpedition he resumed his former occupation, and soon acquired property to\\npurchase a small farm. For some years after he was 20, he was much\\naddicted to boxing and gambling, but soon became frugal as well as indus-\\ntrious, and lamented the excesses of his early years yet his boldness and\\ncourage were retained.\\nWhen the war began, he was early appointed to command a troop of\\nhorse in Virginia and with this company he marched to the American\\narmy at Cambridge, in the summer of 1775. Gen. Washington, who knew\\nhim well, had great confidence in his bravery and patriotism and he de-\\ntached him to join the expedition against Canada, the following autumn.\\nNo officer was more distinguished than Morgan on that memorable occasion\\nand when Arnold was wounded in the first assault, the command fell on him.\\nSoon afterward, when Gen. Montgomery was slain, Morgan, with others,\\nwas taken prisoner. While in the hands of the British, he was offered the\\nrank and pay of a colonel in that service, which he indignantly rejected.\\nThe following year Morgan was exchanged, and immediately joined the\\nAmerican army. Washington gave him command of a rifle corps, with\\nwhich he was detached to the assistance of Gates, then opposing the British\\narmy in its advance from Canada. He bore a distinguished part in the bat-\\ntles which preceded the surrender of Burgoyne, near Saratoga, in October,\\n1777. When he joined the main army after that glorious event, he was\\nemployed by the commander-in-chief in several perilous enterprises, which\\nhe conducted with equal courage and judgment. In 1780, he found his\\nhealth declining, and retired from the army, but was again induced to join\\nthe army in the south, where the British were making depredations on the\\ninhabitants. He now received a commission as a brigadier-general, and\\nfollowed Gates into South Carolina. But Gates was obliged to retire with-\\nout accomplishing any thing, for the British were far the most numerous.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0407.jp2"}, "406": {"fulltext": "396 MORRIS COUNTY.\\nYet this did not discourage Morgan. He commanded in the attack on Col.\\nTarleton at the Cowpens, who was defeated and Morgan, Col. Howard,\\nCol. Washington, and Gen. Pickens, were honorably noticed by Congress\\nfor their brave conduct on that occasion. When Gen. Greene was after-\\nward appointed to the command of the southern army, Morgan continued\\nsome time with him. The army was obliged to retreat, for want of men\\nand provisions and, it was said, Greene and Morgan did not agree as to\\nthe route best to be taken and soon after, he retired from the army, some\\nsaid, in disgust, but others, with more probability of truth, (for on a former\\noccasion he had yielded to Gen. Greene s opinion, and the latter had nothing\\narbitrary in his deportment,) that his state of health made it necessary for\\nhim to return to his family. Gen. Morgan served one term in congress,\\nfrom Frederick co. and he appeared in the field once more, having com-\\nmand of the Virginia militia, against the whiskey insurrection in Pennsyl-\\nvania, in 1794. He died in 1799, the same year in which the death of\\nWashington occurred.\\nThe oldest graveyard at Morristown is in the rear of the 1st\\nPresbyterian church. The following inscriptions are from monu-\\nments in this yard\\nThis monument is erected to the memory of Silas Condict, Esq., who was born\\nMarch 7th, 1738, and departed this life Sept. 16, 1801, in the 64th year of his age.\\nThy fatal stroke, O Death who can evade,\\nOr scape the terrors of thy dreadful shade\\nThe friend, the saint, the patriot, and the sage\\nAre turn d to dust by thy relentless rage.\\nThis tomb is dedicated to the memory of our beloved brother, Richard Brinckerhoff\\nFaesch. He was second son of John Jacob and Elizabeth Faesch. Was born 19th\\nof July, 1778, and departed this life 25th of October, 1820. Man goeth to his long\\nhome, and the mourners go about the streets or ever the silver cord be loosed, or the golden\\nbowl be broken, or the pitcher be broken at the fountain, or the wheel broken at the cis-\\ntern. Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was and the spirit shall return\\nunto God who gave it.\\nt\\nI. H. S.\\nIci reposent les restes d Elizabeth Madelaine Siette de la Rousseliere, epouse de Louis\\nPaubel; nee a St. Benoit, Isle de Bourbon, le 6me Aoilt, 1763, et decedee a Bottle Hill,\\nNouveau Jersey, le 12me Mars, 1818. Sa grande picte et sa resignation a la volonte de\\nDieu font la consolation de son mari et de ses enfants, qui ne cesseront de la pleurer.\\n[Here repose the remains of d Elizabeth Madelaine, wife of Louis Paubel born at St.\\nBenoit, Isle of Bourbon, the 6th of August, 1763, and died at Bottle Hill, New Jersey,\\nMarch 12th, 1818. Her exemplary piety and resignation to the will of God, was the\\nconsolation of her husband and her children, who cease not to weep for her.]\\nThe three following inscriptions are copied from those in Alden s\\nCollection of Epitaphs\\nSacred to the memory of Colonel Jacob Ford, jun., son of Colonel Jacob Ford, sen.\\nHe was born 19 February, anno Domini 1738, and departed this life 10 January, A. D.\\n1777, and being then in the service of his country, was interred in this place with mili-\\ntary honors.\\nIn vain we strive by human skill The friends who read our tombs and mourn,\\nTo avoid the shafts of death. And weep our early fall,\\nHeaven s high decree all must fulfil, Must be lamented in their turn,\\nAnd we resign our breath. And share the fate of all.", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0408.jp2"}, "407": {"fulltext": "MORRIS COUNTY. 397\\nIn memory of Colonel Chilion Ford, who departed this life on the 19 of October, 1800,\\naged 42 years, 9 months, and 23 days. He early showed his attachment to his country\\nby entering into her service at the commencement of her struggle with Great Britain,\\nand continued during the war an able and active officer in the artillery. He was a warm\\nfriend, a tender husband, a kind father, and an honest man.\\nIn memory of the Reverend Doctor Timothy Johnes, who was born on the 24 day of\\nMay, A. D. 1717, and died on the 15th day of September, A. D. 1794, in the 78 year of\\nhis age and 54 of his ministry.\\nAs a Christian, few ever discovered more piety as a minister, few labored longer,\\nmore zealously, or more successfully, than did this minister of Jesus Christ.\\nPEQUANNOCK.\\nThis township is named from the Pequannock tribe of Indians.\\nIt is the largest in the county, being 16 miles long, 11 wide, and\\ncontaining an area of 74,000 acres. It is bounded N. by West Mil-\\nford and Pompton, Passaic county; E..by Manchester, Passaic co.,\\nand Caldwell, Essex co. S. by Randolph and Hanover, and W. by\\nJefferson. The surface is much broken up by hills, and agriculture\\nis but little attended to, excepting, in the eastern part, where there\\nis an extremely fertile strip, known as the Pompton Plains, in the\\nvalley of Pompton river, which at some remote period was pro-\\nbably the bed of a lake. The plains are about 6 miles long, con-\\ntain an academy and a Reformed Dutch church, and are inhabited\\nby thriving, industrious agriculturists. The wealth of the town-\\nship consists in the immense beds of iron found in the hills. In\\n1840 there were within its limits 2 forges, and there was produced\\n1,375 tons of cast iron, 3,283 of bar iron there were employed in\\nthe business 241 men, and a capital invested of $237,000. There\\nare in Pequannock 22 schools, 873 scholars. Population 5,190.\\nCopperas was formerly made at the Copperas Works, at the Cop-\\nperas mountain, in the NE. part of the township. The Green\\npond, on the summit of this mountain, is a favorite resort, abound-\\ning in fish, and surrounded by wild, romantic scenery. At Mt. Hope\\niron works, shot and shell were made for the American army in the\\nwar of the revolution.\\nThe village of Pompton contains a Reformed Dutch church and\\na few dwellings. Montville lies in a deep valley, through which\\npasses the Morris canal by 2 inclined planes. It contains a Re-\\nformed Dutch church and a few dwellings.\\nRockaway, 9 miles N. of Morristown, is situated on undulating\\nground on both sides of Rockaway river, here the boundary line\\nbetween Pequannock and Hanover, and also on the line of the\\nMorris canal. It derives its name from the Rockawack tribe, who,\\nwhen the country was first settled, dwelt in the vicinity. Before the\\nwar of the revolution there was here a Presbyterian church, a forge,\\na grist and saw mill. In the war, a part of Sullivan s army, on their\\nexpedition against the New York Indians, passed through this place.\\nThe soldiers encamped in an orchard belonging to James Jackson,\\non the E. side of the river, while the officers were billeted in the", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0409.jp2"}, "408": {"fulltext": "398\\nMORRIS COUNTY.\\nfour or live dwellings then constituting the settlement. From that\\nperiod the village has grown to its present thriving condition, the\\ngreatest element of its prosperity being the extensive iron mines\\nsituated N. and W. of it. Since the Morris canal was constructed\\nit has doubled in population. A post-office was established in 1791.\\nIn 1794 Joseph Jackson. Esq.. was appointed postmaster under\\nWashington, and continued in office nearly half a century, until\\n1842. Rockaway contains 2 churches, 4 stores, 1 grist. 1 saw, and\\n2 rolling mills, 1 steel furnace, 1 iron foundry, 1 machine shop, 2\\nforges, 3 blacksmiths, 2 cabinet and 2 carriage makers, and about\\n400 inhabitants.\\nView of the Methodist and Presbyterian Churches, Rockaway.\\nThe foregoing is a view of the churches in Rockaway, situated\\na few rods east of the centre of the village, on the line of the Morris\\ncanal. That on the left is the Methodist church, a neat edifice of\\nwood, erected in 1834 the other, the Presbyterian, a handsome\\nbrick structure, built in 1832. From an interesting discourse de-\\nlivered at the dedication of this church, Sept. 6th, 1832, by the\\npastor, the Rev. Barnabas King, the following facts, respecting the\\nhistory of this society, were obtained. The first church built in the\\nvillage was raised in 1752. although not completely finished until\\n1794. The first settled pastor was the Rev. James Tuttle, installed\\nin 1768 over this church and the one at Parcipany. He died\\nApril. 1771. In April, 1784. Rev. Mr. Baldwin was installed over\\nthis congregation, and continued pastor eight years. He was a\\nworthy man, faithfully served the cause of his Lord and Master,\\nbut his eiforts were weakened by unhappy differences of his peo-\\nple in regard to singingr. From u the Brief History of the church\\nat Rockaway, the following extracts show the common though\\nsingular feature, of a want of harmony in those whose peculiar\\nduty it is to produce it. That part of divine service pertaining\\nto the singing of psalms, and what version of psalms should be", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0410.jp2"}, "409": {"fulltext": "MORRIS COUNTY. 399\\ntised in worship, having made great uneasiness and inquietude, in\\nApril, 1786, it was voted to appoint four choristers to set the tunes\\n1 that Benj. Jackson, Francis McCarty. and Jacob Lyon be appoint-\\ned choristers, that they sing in the afternoon without reading the\\npsalm line by line, and David Beeman to sing the forepart of the\\nday, unless otherwise agreed on by Mr. Beeman and the other\\nchoristers and that they sin? any tunes that are sung in the neigh-\\nboring churches, as they shall judge proper April, 1789, some\\nfurther difficulty having arisen respecting the singing in church, it\\nwas voted at a parish meeting to have the psalm read line by line.\\nor by two lines, in singing in future, except on particular occasions.\\nAt a parish meeting, May 14, 1792. The mode of singing was\\nagain adjusted by the appointment of Benjamin Jackson. Russel\\nDavis, and Daniel Hurd as choristers, and that they act discretion-\\nary when to sing without reading the lines. In January. 1793, the.\\nRev. Mr. Carle was installed and ordained pastor over the church,\\nand continued until his dismission in 1S01. Rev. Barnabas King\\nwas installed and ordained pastor Sept. 25, 180S though he had\\npreviously, for a short time, supplied the pulpit.\\nRANDOLPH.\\nRandolph was formed from Mendham in 1805. It is 7 miles\\nlong by 5 wide, and is bounded N. by Pequannock, E. by Hanover\\nand Morris, S. by Mendham and Chester, and YV. by Roxbury.\\nThe surface of the township is generally mountainous, Trowbridge\\nmountain crossing it on the SE., and Schooley s mountain on the\\nnorth. This is a manufacturing township, and in 1S40 there were\\nproduced 900 tons of bar iron, and 100 of cast iron 35 men were\\nemployed in mining, and a capital invested of \u00c2\u00a7100,000. It has 7\\nschools, 267 scholars. Pop. 1,792.\\nThe village of Dover is 8 miles NW. of Morristown. in a beau-\\ntiful valley enclosed by mountains of a romantic character, near\\nthe jN boundary of the township, and on the Rockaway river and\\nline of the Morris canal. The annexed view was taken near the\\npowder-house, about a quarter of a mile from the village centre.\\nThe large building on the right, near the spectator, is the Method-\\nist church, erected in 183S and that in the distance with a tower,\\nthe Presbyterian church, built in 1842. There is an academy,\\nerected in 1829. in which formerly public worship was held. Do-\\nver has been a locality for the manufacture of iron for nearly a\\ncentury. In 1792 it contained but 4 dwellings and a forge. During\\nthis year a rolling-mill was erected by Israel Canfield and Jacob\\nLosey. In 1810, it contained 10 or 15 dwellings. In 1826. the\\nvillage was incorporated, and about that time laid out into build-\\ning-lots, since which it has rapidly progressed. There are 3 houses\\nnow standing that were here in 1792. viz. the Beman, Augur,\\nand Doty dwellings. The first tavern was commenced in 1S0^. in\\nthe building known as the old tavern-house, when the Augur", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0411.jp2"}, "410": {"fulltext": "400\\nMORRIS COUNTY.\\ndwelling was enlarged for that purpose. In 1820, the post-office\\nwas established. The Rockaway river here furnishes abundance\\nof water-power; the fall in the two dams being i7| feet, and by\\nthe construction of a canal three quarters of a mile long, is capable\\nNorthern view of Dover.\\nof much further increase. Dover has 2 rolling-mills, 1 chest for\\nconverting steel, 1 foundry and turning-lathes, machinery for the\\nmanufacture of spikes, rivets, nails, c, 1 forging-shop with trip-\\nhammers, 1 circular saw, 4 blacksmiths, 3 wheelwrights, 2 canal-\\nboat yards, 1 saddler, 1 watchmaker, 1 cabinetmaker, 3 shoema-\\nkers, 1 tailor, 4 stores, 3 groceries, an academy, 2 churches, and\\nabout 400 inhabitants. When in full operation the iron- works em-\\nploy about 50 men.\\nHon. Mahlon Dickerson,late Secretary of the Navy, resides on a\\nbeautiful situation about 3 miles SW. of Dover. Adjacent is the\\ncelebrated Suckasunny iron mine, remarkable for its excellent ore.\\nThe deposits appear inexhaustible it is highly magnetic, yielding\\nby chemical process 82 parts in 100 of iron. Shafts have been\\nsunk to the depth of 70, and drifts driven over 120 feet. The first\\nore obtained in the county was taken from this mine, from\\nwhence it was carried to Morristown, Hanover, and Essex co.. in\\nleathern bags on the backs of horses, to be manufactured. The\\nland in the vicinity was first taken up in 1717 by Joseph Kirkbride\\npreviously the ore was free to all. For the last 30 years it has\\nbeen owned and skilfully wrought by the Hon. Mahlon Dickerson.\\nIn the adjoining fields, Indian axes, arrows, and other relics, are\\nfound, made from the ore.\\nROXBURY.\\nRoxbury is 10 miles long, with a variable breadth of from 3 to\\n10 miles. It is bounded NE. by Jefferson, E. by Randolph, S. by", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0412.jp2"}, "411": {"fulltext": "MORRIS COUNTY. 401\\nChester and Washington, W. by Independence, Warren co., and\\nNW. by Byram, Sussex co. There are in the township 9 stores,\\n1 forge, 2 fulling and 2 grist mills, 1 woollen factory, 1 tannery, 1\\npottery cap. in manufac. $8,300 14 schools, 587 scholars. Pop.\\n2,230.\\nNearly the whole of its surface is covered by Schooley s moun-\\ntain, excepting on the east, where the Suckasunny Plains occupy\\na tract two or three miles wide, and several miles long. On the\\nsummit of the mountain is Budd s pond, a small, but clear and\\nbeautiful sheet of water, a favorite resort for visitors at the springs,\\nand for the baptismal rites of a Baptist church in the vicinity.\\nThe Morris canal passes through the township, and here finds its\\nsummit level at an elevation of 900 feet above the level of the sea.\\nIt is supplied by a feeder from an outlet of the Hopatcong lake.\\nThe project of the canal was originally conceived by Geo. P.\\nM Culloch, Esq., of Morristown, while on a fishing excursion to\\nthis lake, and through his exertions this stupendous enterprise, so\\nbeneficial as an outlet to the manufactures of the country, but\\nruinous to the stockholders, was commenced and carried through.\\nThe natural obstacles were overcome by the adoption of a series\\nof locks and inclined planes of great lifts, adapted to boats of great\\nmagnitude. The surveys were commenced in 1822, and the canal\\ncompleted in 1836.\\nOn Lake Hopatcong there is a regular causeway of stone, run-\\nning from an island nearly across to the shore, a distance of about\\na quarter of a mile. It was no doubt made by the Indians, and\\nwas a work of great labor, the lake being very deep. The water\\nis now a little above it, occasioned by the raising of the lake for\\nthe Morris canal. On the opposite shore are found great numbers\\nof Indian arrows of beautiful shape, axes, and broken jars and ap-\\npearances indicate it was the site of an Indian village. Drakesville,\\non the Morris canal, Drakestown, on the S. boundary, and Flan-\\nders in the southern part, are small villages, the latter containing\\n20 or 80 dwellings. Stanhope, on the line of the Morris canal,\\nand partly in Byram, Sussex co., 12 miles S. of Newton, and 16,\\nNW. of Morristown, is a village containing 50 or 60 dwellings,\\nand the manufacture of iron has been extensively carried on there.\\nSuckasunny, 10 miles NW. of Morristown, is a small village in\\nthe E. part of the township, situated on the plains of the same\\nname. After the surrender of Burgoyne, his park of artillery was\\ndeposited for safe-keeping in the Presbyterian church at this place.\\nSome soldiers were also quartered there.\\nThere were a few families of Rogerines, who located themselves\\nin secluded spots on Schooley s mountain at the first settlement of\\nthe county, in the neighborhood of the springs, and also between\\nSuckasunny plains and Hopatcong lake. This fanatical sect had\\ntheir origin in Connecticut, some time previous to the revolution-\\nary war. Tradition states that some SO years ago, a company of\\nthem, men and women, came one Sabbath to the Presbyterian\\n51", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0413.jp2"}, "412": {"fulltext": "402\\nMORRIS COUNTY.\\nchurch in Mendham, where they disturbed the congregation by\\ntheir conversation, and the females by knitting, consequently they\\nwere thrust out of the church. The sect became extinct during\\nthe war of the revolution.*\\nJEFFERSON.\\nJefferson was formed from Pequannock and Roxbury, in 1804.\\nIt is 12 miles long, 4 broad and is bounded XE. by West Milford,\\n(Passaic co.,) SE. by Pequannock, SW. by Roxbury, and NW.\\nby Hardiston, (Sussex co.) The surface is covered by mountains,\\nexcepting a long, deep, and narrow valley, in the east part, running\\nthe whole length of the township, through which courses the main\\nbranch of the Rockaway river. The scenery of the mountains\\nenclosing the valley is bold and wild. There are not any villages\\nin the township, but a small settlement at Berkshire valley, con-\\ntaining a Presbyterian church, and a few dwellings. There were\\nin the township, in 1840, 11 iron- works, (587 tons of bar-iron pro-\\nduced, and a capital invested of \u00c2\u00a740.150 5 schools, 175 scholars.\\nPop. 1,412. Agriculture is comparatively little attended to, the\\nchief wealth consisting in iron and wood.\\nWASHINGTON.\\nThis township is bounded N. by Roxbury, E. by Roxbury and\\nChester, S. by Lebanon and Tewksbury, (Hunterdon co.,) and W.\\nby Mansfield and Independence, (Warren co.) There are in the\\ntownship 17 stores, 1 lumber-yard, 1 forge, 1 tannery, 4 flouring, 6\\ngrist, 8 saw, 4 oil m. cap. in manufac. $127,900; 15 schools, 753\\nscholars. Pop. 2,451.\\nThe greater portion of the township is covered by Schooley s\\nmountain,! which rises to an elevation of 1,100 feet above the level\\nof the sea, and 600 above the adjacent country. The south branch\\nof the Raritan flows through the east part of the township. The\\nland is there very rich, and was early settled upon by Germans.\\nGerman Valley, Springtown, and Pleasant Grove, are small locali-\\nties in this township. The last contains a Presbyterian church, and\\na few dwellings the first a Presbyterian and a Lutheran church,\\nand 12 or 15 dwellings. In the place stands a church, built in 1775,\\nby Lutherans and Presbyterians. It has a singular, antiquated ap-\\npearance, is constructed of stone, and stands in a graveyard con-\\ntaining tombstones, on some of which are inscriptions in German.\\nHier ruhet in Gott der alle entschlafene Christoph Kern. Er ist geboren den 16ten\\nDecember, 1728, und ist gestorben den 22ten Julius, 1796. Er brachte sein alter auf\\nFor an account of the origin of this sect, the reader is referred to the His. Collec-\\ntions of Connecticut, by the senior compiler of this volume.\\nt Schooley s mountain, sometimes called Schugl s hills, derives its name from a family\\nonce proprietors of the soil thereabouts. The latter name is probably a corruption or\\nabbreviation of the former.", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0414.jp2"}, "413": {"fulltext": "MORRIS COUNTY.\\n403\\n(57 Jahr, 7 monat, und G tage. Leichen text, Psalm lxxxiv., verse 11 Denn ein tag in\\ndeinen vorhofen ist besser, denn sonst tausend. Ich will lieber der thiire hiiten hi meines\\nGottes hause, denn lange wohnen in der Gott-losen hiitten.\\n[Here rest in God the mortal remains of Christopher Kern, who was born December\\n16, 1728, and died July 22, 1796, aged 67 years, 7 montbs, and 6 days. His funeral ser-\\nmon was preached from the text of Psalm lxxxiv. 10 For a day in thy courts is better\\nthan a thousand I had rather be a doorkeeper in the house of my God than to dwell in\\nthe tents of wickedness.\\nSchooley s Mountain Spring House.\\nThe celebrated spring on Schooley s mountain is on the western\\ndeclivity of the eminence, in a deep defile, between two beautifully-\\nwooded mountains, about 50 miles from New York, 22 from Som-\\nerville, and 20 from Morristown. This chalybeate was originally\\nknown to the Indians, and used by them for rheumatic complaints\\nand cutaneous eruptions. It has been a place of fashionable resort\\nfor about forty years. Previously, visitors erected tents and shan-\\nties, for temporary accommodation. Now there are two splendid\\nhotels, pleasantly embowered by trees, usually thronged in the\\nsummer months with strangers, drawn thither by various attrac-\\ntions, not the least of which is the fine bracing mountain air, and\\nthe delightful landscape scenery in the vicinity. The spring is a\\nsmall rill, not larger in diameter than one s little finger, issuing\\nfrom a rock by the roadside, covered by a small, neat, wooden\\nstructure, with a single apartment, and seats for visitors. The\\nwater is pleasant and cooling to the taste while drinking, one\\nscarcely perceives the difference from common water, the mineral\\ntaste being but slightly perceptible.\\nThe learned Dr. Mitchill says it contains a small quantity of\\ncarbonated oxyde of iron, a little more of the muriate of lime,\\nmore than three times the amount of either of the carbonate of\\nlime, with very small quantities of extractive matter, muriate\\nof soda, muriate of magnesia, sulphate of lime, and silex. All\\nthe carbonic acid it contains is combined, and not free. On the\\ncombination of iron with this water, a few particulars may be\\nmentioned. The water, which issues at the rate of about one gal-\\nIon in two minutes and a half, is at first transparent, but soon be-", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0415.jp2"}, "414": {"fulltext": "404 PASSAIC COUNTY.\\ncomes turbid on exposure to the air, and gradually deposits a fine\\nochre. Notwithstanding its ferruginous impregnation, the metal is\\nso precipitated and modified by boiling, that the infusion of tea-\\nleaves is not blackened or discolored at all but is as good as that\\nmade with pure spring-water. When the hostess at the inn told\\nme this, I was so incredulous that I offered to bet her a bonnet and\\na shawl that it would not turn out so. She declined the wager,\\nbut said she would make the experiment. Water from the spring\\nwas boiled, and employed for making an infusion of Chinese tea.\\nThere was no discoloration whatever whence 1 found that, if she\\nhad had the courage to lay, I should have lost the stake. In like\\nmanner, when one of my friends requested me, a few years ago,\\nto make some experiments on a bottle of water he had brought\\nfrom the spring, I told him I would do so, and authorized him to\\noring as many persons as he pleased to witness the proceedings.\\nThe company assembled, and the tests for iron gave not the least\\nindications of its presence. We were all puzzled and disappointed.\\nIts virtues are more particularly extolled in cases of calculous con-\\ncretion, and obstruction of the urinary passages. Though, in ad-\\ndition to its nephritic operation, it may be considered as a tonic to\\nthe stomach, and gently strengthening the digestive organs, like\\nother chalybeates. So that, in connection with a change of air,\\nexercise, diet, and way of life, it may be productive of excellent\\neffects, in the cases of patients from the seacoast and crowded\\ncities.\\nPASSAIC COUNTY.\\nPassaic county was formed from the northern part of Essex, and\\nwestern part of Bergen cos., Feb. 7th, 1837. Its extreme length is\\n30 m., and its breadth varies from 2 to 10 m. It is bounded N. by\\nBergen co. and part of Orange co., N. Y., E. by Bergen and Hud-\\nson cos., S. by Essex and Morris cos., and W. by Sussex co. The\\nsurface is generally hilly, with broad and fertile valleys, excepting\\nin the extreme southeastern part, where it is level. The county is\\nwatered by the Passaic, Pequannock, Kingwood, Pompton, and\\nRamapo rivers. The Paterson and Hudson railroad, 10^ miles in\\nlength, commences at Jersey city, enters the county on the south-\\neast, and terminates at Paterson. It will eventually be extended\\ninto the state of New York, and connect with the New York and\\nErie railroad. The Morris canal, also, passes through the south-\\nern part of the county. In the northern part are large deposits of\\nvaluable iron ore, extensively used in the numerous forges of that\\nregion. There is an excellent quarry of red sandstone at the vil-\\nlage of Little Falls. This county, although respectable in point of\\nagriculture, derives its chief importance from its extensive manu-", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0416.jp2"}, "415": {"fulltext": "PASSAIC COUNTY.\\n405\\nfactories, principally located at Paterson. The county is divided\\ninto the five following townships\\nAcquackanonck, Manchester, Paterson,\\nPompton, West Milford.\\nThe population of Passaic co., in 1840, was 16,721.\\nACQUACKANONCK.\\nAcquackanonck is about 7 m. long, with an average breadth of\\n3^ m. It is bounded N. by Paterson and Saddle river E. by Lodi,\\nEastern View of Acquackanonck.\\nBergen co., and Harrison, Hudson co. S. by Belleville, Bloomfield,\\nand Caldwell, Essex co., and W. by Manchester. The Paterson\\nand Hudson railroad, and Morris canal pass through the township.\\nThe soil is generally fertile, and the surface mountainous and hilly\\non the west, elsewhere level. There are 8 stores, 1 cotton fac, 2\\ntanneries, 1 grist-m., 3 saw-m. cap. in manufac. $73,600 1 acad-\\nemy, 3 schools, 130 scholars. Pop. 2,483.\\nThe foundation of Acquackanonck w r as in March, 1679, when\\nCaptahem, an Indian sachem, granted a deed for Haqucquenunch,\\n(afterward spelt Aqueyquinunke, to Hans Diderick, Gerrit, Ger-\\nritson, Walling Jacobs, Hendrick George, and company, of Bergen\\nand another deed from the governor and council, for the same tract,\\nwith some small variation in bounds, is dated March 16th, 1684.\\nThe village of Acquackanonck is situated on the \u00c2\u00bbvest bank of\\nthe Passaic river, and on the line of the Paterson and Hudson rail-\\nroad, 5 m. SE. from Paterson, 9 m. NE. from Newark, and 11m.\\nfrom New York. The Passaic river is navigable for sloops to this\\nvillage, 15 m. from its mouth; beyond here, the river atfords in-\\nnumerable mill-sites in its meanderings to its source. A number\\nof factories and mills are situated upon it, in its course through the\\ntownship. The above view was taken on the east bank of the Pas-\\nsaic, just above the bridge, and shows the most dense part of the", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0417.jp2"}, "416": {"fulltext": "406 PASSAIC COUNTY.\\nvillage, together with the Reformed Dutch church, and the acad-\\nemy. In the west part of the place is another church, built of\\nbrick, and ornamented with a cupola, and a tablet upon its front\\nbears the inscription, Hitherto hath the Lord helped us. 1 Sam.\\nvii. 12. The True Reformed Dutch church of Achquakanonk,\\nerected A. D. 1825. There are also in the village 2 stores, and\\nabout 50 dwellings. A number of sloops are owned here, which\\ntrade with New York and other places. Blachley s mineral spring\\nis about 1| m. west of the village, and Weasel is the name of a\\nsettlement extending several miles along the Passaic, in the north\\npart of the township. An officer of the revolutionary army, who\\npassed through Acquackanonck and Paramus in 1778, thus gives\\nhis impressions.\\nThese towns are chiefly inhabited by Dutch people their\\nchurches and dwelling-houses are built of rough stone, one story\\nhigh. There is a peculiar neatness in the appearance of their\\ndwellings, having an airy piazza, supported by pillars in front, and\\ntheir kitchens connected at the ends in the form of wings. The\\nland is remarkably level, and the soil fertile and being generally\\nadvantageously cultivated, the people appear to enjoy ease and\\nhappy competency. The furniture in their houses is of the most\\nordinary kind, and such as might be supposed to accord with the\\nfashion of the days of Queen Anne. They despise the superfluities\\nof life, and are ambitious to appear always neat and cleanly, and\\nnever to complain of an empty purse.\\nThe village of Little Falls is on the Passaic river, 4 m. S W. of\\nPaterson. It derives its name from the rapids in the river, which\\nhere descend 51 feet in half a mile, and may be used for turning\\nmachinery to a great extent. The Morris canal crosses the river\\nby a beautiful stone aqueduct, of 80 feet span, and a height of 50\\nfeet. The village contains 4 stores, several manufacturing estab-\\nlishments and mills, 1 Reformed Dutch and 1 Methodist church,\\nand about 60 dwellings. There is here an excellent quarry of red\\nsandstone, which was used in the construction of Trinity church,\\nNew York. From it has been carved some beautiful statuary, by\\nMr. Thorn, the sculptor, a former resident of the village.\\nMANCHESTER.\\nManchester was formerly part of Saddle River, Bergen county,\\nand was taken from that township at the time of the formation of\\nPassaic county. Its extreme length is 9, and extreme width 8 miles.\\nIt is bounded N. by Franklin, Bergen co. easterly by Saddle River,\\nBergen co., and Paterson and Acquackanonck S. by Caldwell, Es-\\nsex co. and westerly by Pequannock, Morris co., and Pompton.\\nPop. 3,110. It is generally hilly and mountainous, and well water-\\ned, being coursed on the west by the Ramapo and Pompton rivers,\\nand on the south and east by the Passaic.", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0418.jp2"}, "417": {"fulltext": "PASSAIC COUNTY.\\n407\\nThe village of Manchester, formerly called Totowa, is situated on\\nthe Passaic, in a romantic and picturesque region of country imme-\\ndiately opposite Paterson, with which it is connected by two bridges,\\nand in a general description should be included as a part of that\\nSouth View of Manchester.\\ntown. It contains several manufacturing establishments, a Reform-\\ned Dutch church, a church for colored persons, and about 1,600 in-\\nhabitants. The above view was taken on the summit of the quar-\\nry, a short distance south of the village.\\nMead s Basin is a small settlement and depot on the Morris ca-\\nnal, in the SW. part of Manchester, where there are about a dozen\\ndwellings. Goffle is a hamlet in the NE. part of the township.\\nA short distance from the village of Manchester are the Paterson\\nFalls, anciently called Totowa Falls; a gentleman with the revo-\\nlutionary army, after describing the falls, thus describes another\\nnatural curiosity then existing in this vicinity:\\nIn the afternoon we were invited to visit another curiosity in the neighborhood. This\\nis a monster in a human form. He is twenty-seven years of age, his face, from the up-\\nper part of his forehead to the end of his chin, measures twenty-seven inches, and round\\nthe upper part of his head is twenty-one inches his eyes and nose are remarkably large\\nand prominent, chin long and pointed. His features are coarse, irregular, and disgust-\\ning, and his voice is rough and sonorous. His body is only twenty-seven inches in\\nlength, his limbs are small and much deformed, and he has the use of one hand only.\\nHe has never been able to stand or sit up, as he cannot support the enormous weight of\\nhis head but he is constantly in a large cradle, with his head supported on large pil-\\nlows. He is visited by great numbers of people, and is peculiarly fond of the company\\nof clergymen, always inquiring for them among his visitors, and taking great pleasure in\\nreceiving religious instruction. General Washington made him a visit, and asked\\nwhether he was a whig or tory He replied, that he had never taken an active part on\\neither side.\\nPATERSON,\\nPaterson was formed from Acquackanonck in 1831. Its popula-\\ntion in 1840 was 7,598. The village of Paterson, the seat of jus-", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0419.jp2"}, "418": {"fulltext": "408 PASSAIC COUNTY.\\ntice for Passaic county, is on the Passaic river, 13 miles N. of New-\\nark, and 17 from New York. The town plot lies partly on both\\nsides of the river, and covers 36 square miles. It is \u00c2\u00bbir M;iiu:\u00c2\u00abi i v a\\nmayor, recorder, common council, c. This flourishing manu-\\nfacturing town was established by a society incorporated in 1791,\\nwith a capital of $1,000,000, which owed its origin to the exertions\\nof Alexander Hamilton.\\nThe general object of the company was to lay the foundation of\\na great emporium of manufactures. The prominent purpose of the\\nsociety was the manufacture of cotton cloths. At this period the\\ngreat improvements introduced in the cotton manufacture by Ark-\\nwright were but little known even in Europe, and in this country\\nscarcely any cotton had been spun by machinery.*\\nThe act of incorporation gave a city charter with jurisdiction\\nover a tract of six square miles. The society was organized at\\nNew Brunswick in Nov. 1791, and the following gentlemen ap-\\npointed as its board of directors, viz William Duer, John Dew-\\nhurst, Benjamin Walker, Nicholas Low, Royal Flint, Elisha Boudi-\\nnot, John Bayard, John Neilson, Archibald Mercer, Thomas Low-\\nring, George Lewis, More Furman, and Alexander M Comb. Wil-\\nliam Duer was appointed the principal officer. Having been duly\\norganized, the society, in May, 1792, decided upon the great falls of\\nthe Passaic as the site of their proposed operations, and named it\\nPaterson, in honor of Gov. William Paterson, who had signed their\\ncharter. There were then not over ten houses here.\\nAt a meeting of the directors, at the Godwin hotel, on the 4th July,\\n1792, appropriations were made for building factories, machine shops, and\\nshops for calico printing and weaving and a race-way was directed to be\\nmade, for bringing the water from above the falls to the proposed mills.\\nUnfortunately, the direction of these works was given to Major L Enfan, a\\nFrench engineer, not more celebrated for the grandeur of his conceptions,\\nthan his recklessness of expense and whose magnificent projects commonly\\nperished in the waste of means provided for their attainment. He imme-\\ndiately commenced the race-way and canal, designing to unite the Upper\\nPassaic with the Lower, at the head of tide, near the present village of\\nAcquackanonck, by a plan better adapted to the resources of a great empire\\nthan to those of a private company.\\nIn January, 1793, Peter Colt, Esq., of Hartford, then comptroller of the\\nstate of Connecticut, was appointed general superintendent of the affairs\\nof the company, with full powers to manage the concerns of the society, as\\nif they were his own individual property, Major L Enfan being retained,\\nhowever, as engineer; but he, after having spent, uselessly, a large sum of\\nmoney, resigned his office in the following September. Mr. Colt, thus in\\nThe first cotton spun by machinery in America was at Pawtucket, Rhode Island,\\nDec, 1790, by Samuel Slater, an English emigrant, who may be properly styled the\\nparent of the American cotton manufacture. As an evidence of the vast improvements\\nin the manufacture and culture of cotton, it is stated that at this period good cotton cloth\\nvrasffty cents per yard. For a more full history of this subject, the reader is referred to\\nthe memoirs of Arkwright, Hargrcavcs, Cartwright, Slater, and Whitney, in the Memoirs\\nof Eminent Mechanics, by the junior compiler of this work.", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0420.jp2"}, "419": {"fulltext": "PASSAIC COUNTY. 409\\nsole charge of the works, completed the race-way, conducting the water to\\nthe first factory erected by the society. The canal to tide-water had been\\nabandoned before the departure of the engineer.\\nThe factory, 90 feet long by 40 wide, and 4 stories high, was finished in\\n1794, when cotton yarn was spun in the mill but yarn had been spun in\\nthe preceding year, by machinery moved by oxen. In 1794 also, calico\\nshawls and other cotton goods were printed the bleached and unbleached\\nmuslins being purchased in New York. In the same year the society gave\\ntheir attention to the culture of the silkworm, and directed the superintend-\\nent to plant the mulberry-tree for this purpose. In April of this year, also,\\nthe society, at the instance of Mr. Colt, employed a teacher to instruct, gra-\\ntuitously, on the Sabbath, the children employed in the factory, and others.\\nThis was probably the first Sunday-school established in New Jersey.\\nNotwithstanding their untoward commencement, and the many discour-\\nagements attending their progress, the directors persevered in their enter-\\nprise and during the years 1795 and 1796, much yarn of various sizes\\nwas spun, and several species of cotton fabrics were made. But, at length\\nsatisfied that it was hopeless to contend, successfully, longer with an ad-\\nverse current, they resolved, July, 1796, to abandon the manufacture, and\\ndischarged their workmen. This result was produced by a combination of\\ncauses. Nearly $50,000 had been lost by the failure of the parties to cer-\\ntain bills of exchange purchased by the company, to buy in England plain\\ncloths for printing; large sums had been wasted by the engineer; and the\\nmachinists and manufacturers imported, were presumptuous and ignorant of\\nmany branches of the business they engaged to conduct; and, more than all,\\nthe whole attempt was premature. No pioneer had led the way, and no\\nexperience existed in the country, relative to any subject of the enterprise.\\nBesides, had the country been in a measure prepared for manufactures, the\\nacquisition of the carrying-trade, which our merchants were then making,\\nwas turning public enterprise into other channels. The ruin of the com-\\npany, under these circumstances, cannot now be cause of astonishment.\\nBut to this catastrophe the children of Mr. Colt, now deeply interested in\\nthe operations of the company, have the just and proud satisfaction to know,\\nthat their parent was in no way auxiliary. On closing their concerns, the\\ndirectors unanimously returned him their thanks for his industry, care, and\\nprudence in the management of their affairs, since he had been employed in\\ntheir service fully sensible that the failure of the objects of the society was\\nfrom causes not in his power, or that of any other man, to prevent.\\nThe cotton-mill of the company was subsequently leased to individuals,\\nwho continued to spin candle-wick and coarse yarn until 1807, when it was\\naccidentally burned down, and was never rebuilt. The admirable water-\\npower of the company was not, however, wholly unemployed. In 1801, a\\nmill-seat was leased to Mr. Charles Kinsey and Israel Crane in 1807, a\\nsecond, and in 1811, a third to other persons and between 1812 and 1814,\\nseveral others were sold or leased. In 1814, Mr. Roswell L. Colt, the pre-\\nsent enterprising governor of the society, purchased, at a depreciated price,\\na large proportion of the shares, and reanimated the association. From this\\nperiod the growth of Paterson has been steady, except during the 3 or 4\\nyears which followed the peace of 1815.\\nThe advantages derivable from the great fall in the river here, have\\nbeen improved with much judgment. A dam of 4i feet high, strongly\\nframed and bolted to the rock in the bed of the river above the falls, turns\\n52", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0421.jp2"}, "420": {"fulltext": "410 PASSAIC COUNTY.\\nthe stream through a canal excavated in the trap-rock of the bank, into a\\nbasin whence, through strong guard-gates, it supplies in succession three\\ncanals on separate planes, each below the other giving to the mills oh\\neach a head and fall of about 22 feet. By means of the guard-gate, the\\nvolume of water is regulated at pleasure, and a uniform height preserved\\navoiding the inconvenience of back-water. The expense of maintaining the\\ndam, canals, and main sluice-gates, and of regulating the water, is borne\\nby the company who have expended, in raising the main embankment, and\\nconstructing the feeder from the river and new upper canal, and for works\\nto supply water to the third tier of mills, the sum of $40,000.\\nThe advantages which Paterson possesses for a manufacturing town are\\nobvious. An abundant and steady supply of water a healthy, pleasant,\\nand fruitful country, supplying its markets fully with excellent meats and\\nvegetables its proximity to New York, where it obtains the raw material,\\nand sale for manufactured goods and with which it is connected by the\\nsloop navigation of the Passaic, by the Morris canal, by a turnpike-road,\\nand by a rail-road render it one of the most desirable sites in the Union.\\nThe first church incorporated in Paterson was the 1st Presbyte-\\nrian church, in 1814. There was at that time a Reformed Dutch\\nchurch at Totowa, now Manchester and the services at that place\\nwere in the Dutch language. The united population of the two\\nplaces was then about 1,500.\\nFrom a mere village Paterson has now got to be the second\\ntown in importance in the state. There are in Paterson 14\\nchurches, viz 2 Reformed Dutch, 2 Methodist, 2 Presbyterian, 1\\nFree Independent, 1 Episcopalian, 1 True Reformed Dutch, 2 Bap-\\ntist, 1 Primitive Methodist, 1 Catholic, 1 \u00c2\u00bb:nmM*u ninnoinw. There\\nis a philosophical society of young men, who have a respectable\\nlibrary, and a mechanics society for the advancement of science\\nand the mechanic arts, with a library and philosophical apparatus.\\nThe Morris canal passes near the town. The Paterson and Hud-\\nson railroad gives it an easy access to the city of New York. This\\nroad will ere long be extended northward and united with the Erie\\nrailroad.\\nThere were by the census of 1840, 104 stores machinery manu-\\nfactured, value 8007,000 4 fulling-m. 1 woollen fac. 19 cotton\\nfac, 45,050 spindles, with 2 dyeing and printing establishments,\\ncap. $920,000 1 tannery 2 paper fac. 1 saw-m. 2 printing\\noffices 2 weekly newspapers. Total capital in manufactures,\\n$1,792,500. 1 acad. 80 students; 10 schools, 1,006 scholars. Pop.\\nincluding Manchester, about 9,000.\\nPaterson is celebrated as affording one of the most romantic\\nwaterfalls in the country, and the neighboring scenery is of a highly\\npicturesque character. A late traveller thus describes this wonder\\nof nature\\nThe fall in the river, which was originally 70 feet, has been increased to about 90 feet by\\na dam above. From this dam, a short sluice conducts the water into a basin or reservoir,\\npartly prepared to the hands of the proprietors, and partly made by art and labor. A\\nGordon s Gazetteer.", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0422.jp2"}, "421": {"fulltext": "PASSAIC COUNTY.\\n411\\ncausey has been raised across an immense chasm, walled in by rocks, presenting almost\\nperpendicular sides from tile bottom of the chasm to the upper edge of the precipice.\\nThe rocks, being of basaltic character, are of rectilinear form, and perpendicular in their\\nposition and this accounts for the comparatively smooth sides of this immense excava-\\nView of the Passaic Falls, at Paterson.\\ntlon. The causey serves two very important purposes it is at once a dam which de-\\ntains the water in the basin from which the milling power is drawn, and the bed of a\\nturnpike road. Below the causey, the terrific chasm continues in its natural state, un-\\nchanged by human art, and, a few rods below, receives the remaining waters of the Pas-\\nsaic, after it has supplied the heavy demand of the mills. Branching off from the larger\\nopening there is another, running nearly parallel with the river, which gradually dimin-\\nishes to a mere crevice between the perpendicular sides of the rock. Into this crevice,\\nor opening, the waters of the Passaic, suddenly turning from their course, leap and dash\\nwith an impetuosity which converts the whole mass into foam. It is an awful, grand,\\nand terrific sight, even now and we can readily imagine what it must have been when\\nthe whole flood of the river, swollen by rain and the melting snows, threw itself into the\\nyawning gulf, from whose depths the bellowing thunders of the mighty flood, struggling\\nfor an outlet, and resisted by the walls of its prison-house, were reverberated by the sur-\\nrounding hills with deafening roar.\\nThe waters escape, and, rushing to the wide bosom of the immense chasm first de-\\nscribed, hurry over its rocky bed until they are tranquillized in the passage over a less\\nprecipitous descent below the town. Some miles from Paterson, the river passes through\\nthe romantic and picturesque village of Acquackanonck, and soon reaches the immense\\nflats which border the North river and the Bay of New York, on the Jersey side.\\nThence it moves slowly and sullenly along, as if unwilling to mingle its pure stream with\\nthe salt water of the ocean.\\nThe short time allowed us for viewing this grand scenery, would not authorize us to\\nform any conclusive opinions as to the causes which have produced the phenomena\\nwhich present themselves at and near the Paterson Falls and even a part of this brief\\nspace was devoted to the complicated works of human skill and ingenuity which the\\nfactories contain. But we were led to think that the deep ravine in the rocks, which we\\nhave described, has been made by the waters of the river, which originally fell into it at\\nthe place where the basin now is. The regular and uniform position of the rocks on its", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0423.jp2"}, "422": {"fulltext": "412 PASSAIC COUNTY.\\nsides does not warrant the supposition that the excavation was made by any convulsion\\nof nature and then nothing remains but to attribute it to the operation of water, from a\\nstream often swollen into a flood of tremendous power, by rain and melting snow, during\\nthousands of years in which it flowed in this channel.\\nThe only facts which seem to oppose tliis opinion, are the evident appearances which\\nindicate that the river once found an outlet a considerable distance below even the pres-\\nent falls which, as we have said, is below the point at which we suppose it originally\\nescaped over the rocky barrier. But, allowing our supposition to be right, it may be rea-\\ndily imagined that the river would gradually wear down the more yielding impediment\\nof earth and stones directly in its course to the place at which it is presumed once to\\nhave found an outlet and this outlet being subsequently blocked up by trees and earth,\\nwashed down by the river, the waters again found their way into the channel it had\\nmade in the rocks, but a little lower down than at the point from which it originally took\\nits leap into the chasm. But these are speculations which, without the records of his-\\ntory, cannot be reduced to any certain conclusion. The Indians have left us no records\\nand, if they had, it is probable that most of the phenomena which now present them-\\nselves at the Falls of Paterson, existed at a long time anterior to that in which the red\\nman, whom the pale-faces have driven away or exterminated, sung his war-song\\nbut where the busy hum of industry is now heard, the splendid creations of civilized\\nlife surprise us by their number and variety, interest us by the complication of their de-\\nsign and structure, and astonish us by the magnitude and importance of their results.\\nFrom Alden s Collections, we take the annexed account of the\\ndeath of Mrs. dimming, who perished at this spot about 30 years\\nsince\\nMrs. Sarah Gumming, consort of the Rev. Hooper dimming, of Newark, was a\\ndaughter of the late Mr. John Emmons, of Portland, in the district of Maine. She was\\na lady of an amiable disposition, a well-cultivated mind, distinguished intelligence, and\\nmost exemplary piety; and she was much endeared to a large circle of respectable friends\\nand connections. She had been married about 2 months, and was blessed with a flat-\\ntering prospect of no common share of temporal felicity and usefulness in the sphere\\nwhich Providence had assigned her but oh, how uncertain is the continuance of every\\nearthly joy\\nOn Saturday, the 20th of June, 1812, Mr. dimming rode with his wife to Paterson,\\nin order to supply, by presbyterial appointment, a destitute congregation in that place,\\non the following day. On Monday morning, he went with his beloved companion to\\nshow her the falls of the Passaic, and the surrounding beautiful, wild, and romantic\\nscenery, little expecting the solemn event which was to ensue.\\nHaving ascended the flights of stairs, Mr. and Mrs. Gumming walked over the solid\\nledge to the vicinity of the cataract, charmed with the wonderful prospect, and making\\nvarious remarks upon the stupendous works of nature around them. At length they took\\ntheir station on the brow of the solid rock, which overhangs the basin, six or eight rods\\nfrom the falling water, where thousands have stood before, and where there is a fine view\\nof most of the sublime curiosities of the place. When they had enjoyed the luxury of\\nthe scene for a considerable time, Mr. Gumming said, My dear, I believe it is time for\\nus to set our face homeward and, at the same moment, turned round in order to lead\\nthe way. He instantly heard the voice of distress, looked back, and his wife was gone\\nMrs. Cumming had complained of a dizziness early in the morning and, as her eyes\\nhad been some time fixed upon the uncommon objects before her, when she moved with\\nthe view to retrace her steps, it is probable she was seized with the same malady, tot-\\ntered, and in a moment fell, a distance of 74 feet, into the frightful gulf Mr. Cum-\\nming s sensations on the distressing occasion may, in some measure, be conceived, but\\nthey cannot be described. He was on the horders of distraction, and, scarcely knowing\\nwhat he did, would have plunged into the abyss, had it not been kindly ordered in provi-\\ndence that a young man should be near, who instantly flew to him, like a guardian angel,\\nand held him from a step which his reason, at the time, could not have prevented. This\\nyoung man led him from the precipice, and conducted him to the ground below the\\nstairs. Mr. Gumming forced himself out of the hands of bis protector, and ran with\\nviolence, in order to leap into the fatal flood. His young friend, however, caught him\\nonce more, and held him till reason had resumed her throne. He then left him, to call\\nthe neighboring people to the place. Immediate search was made, and diligently con-\\ntinued through the day, for the body of Mrs. Cumming but to no purpose. On the fol-", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0424.jp2"}, "423": {"fulltext": "PASSAIC COUNTY. 413\\nlowing morning, her mortal part was found in a depth of 42 feet, and, the same day, was\\nconveyed to Newark.\\nOn Wednesday, her funeral was attended by a numerous concourse of people. Her\\nremains were carried into the church, where a pathetic and impressive discourse, happily\\nadapted to the mournful occasion, was delivered by the Rev. James Richards. Solemn\\nindeed was the scene. A profound silence pervaded the vast assembly. Every one\\nseemed to hang upon the lips of the speaker. In every quarter, the sigh of sympathy\\nand regret echoed to the tender and affecting address.\\nPOMPTON.\\nPompton derives its name from the Pompton tribe of Indians.\\nIt is 11 m. long, with an average width of 5 m. It is bounded N.\\nby part of Orange co., New York E. by Franklin, Bergen co. and\\nManchester S. by Pequannock, Morris co., and W. by West Mil-\\nford. The surface is hilly and mountainous, and a good proportion\\nof it covered with forest the soil is mainly clay and loam. Iron\\nore abounds in the hills. The Ringwood river passes through the\\ntownship from N. to S., and the Ramapo river courses partially\\non its E., and the Pequannock on its S. boundary. There are in\\nthe township 8 forges, 1 furnace, 3 grist-mills, and 6 saw-mills 5\\nschools, 186 scholars. Pop. 1,437.\\nRyerson s, on Pequannock river, in a fertile valley about 9 miles\\nNW. of Paterson, contains 2 stores, a furnace, 3 grist-m., a Re-\\nformed Dutch church, an academy, and about 20 dwellings, con-\\nsiderably scattered. Ringwood, Board ville, and Whinokie, are lo-\\ncalities on Ringwood river, where there are forges.\\nIn the winter of 1780-81, some of the Jersey troops were sta-\\ntioned part of the time at Pompton. After the successful mutiny\\nof the Pennsylvania line at Morristown, a part of the Jersey bri-\\ngade, composed chiefly of foreigners, revolted, on the night of the\\n20th of January, and demanded the same indulgence as that given\\nto the Pennsylvania line. On receiving the information, Washing-\\nton dispatched a body of troops, under Gen. Howe, to bring them\\nto unconditional submission. Thatcher, who accompanied the de-\\ntachment, thus minutely relates the circumstances\\nMarched on the 27th, at one o clock, A. M., eight miles, which brought us in view of\\nthe huts of the insurgent soldiers by dawn of day. Here we halted for an hour, to make\\nthe necessary preparations. Some of our officers suffered much anxiety *st the soldiers\\nwould not prove faithful on this trying occasion. Orders were given to load their\\narms it was obeyed with alacrity, and indications were given that they were to be\\nrelied on. Being paraded in a line, General Howe harangued them, representing the\\nheinousness of the crime of mutiny, and the absolute necessity of military subor-\\ndination, adding that the mutineers must be brought to an unconditional submission, no\\ntemporizing, no listening to terms of compromise, while in a state of resistance. Two\\nfield-pieces were now ordered to be placed in view of the insurgents, and the troops were\\ndirected to surround the huts on all sides. General Howe next ordered his aid-de-camp\\nto command the mutineers to appear on parade in front of their huts unarmed, within\\nfive minutes observing them to hesitate, a second messenger was sent, and they instant-\\nly obeyed the command, and paraded in a line without arms, being in number between\\ntwo and three hundred. Finding themselves closely encircled and unable to resist, they\\nquietly submitted to the fate which awaited them. General Howe ordered that three of\\nthe ringleaders should be selected as victims for condign punishment. These unfortu-\\nnate culprits were tried on the spot, Colonel Sprout being president of the court martial,", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0425.jp2"}, "424": {"fulltext": "414 PASSAIC COUNTY.\\nstanding on the snow, and they were sentenced to be immediately shot. Twelve of the\\nmost guilty mutineers were next selected to be their executioners. This was a most\\npainful task being themselves guilty, they were greatly distressed with the duty im-\\nposed on them, and when ordered to load, some of them shed tears. The wretched vic-\\ntims, overwhelmed by the terrors of death, had neither time nor power to implore the\\nmercy and forgiveness of their God, and such was their agonizing condition, that no\\nheart could refrain from emotions of sympathy and compassion. The first that suffered\\nwas a sergeant, and an old offender he was led a few yards distance and placed on his\\nknees six of the executioners, at the signal given by an officer, fired, three aiming at\\nthe head and three at the breast, the other six reserving their fire in order to dispatch the\\nvictim, should the first fire fail it so happened in this instance the remaining six then\\nfired, and life was instantly extinguished. The second criminal was, by the first fire,\\nsent into eternity in an instant. The third, being less criminal, by the recommendation\\nof his officers, to his unspeakable joy, received a pardon. This tragical scene produced\\na dreadful shock, and a salutary effect on the minds of the guilty soldiers. Never were\\nmen more completely humbled and penitent tears of sorrow and of joy rushed from\\ntheir eyes, and each one appeared to congratulate himself that his forfeited life had been\\nspared. The executions being finished, General Howe ordered the former officers to take\\ntheir stations, and resume their respective commands he then, in a very pathetic and\\naffecting manner, addressed the whole line by platoons, endeavoring to impress their\\nminds with a sense of the enormity of their crime, and the dreadful consequences that\\nmight have resulted. He then commanded them to ask pardon of their officers, and\\npromise to devote themselves to the faithful discharge of their duty as soldiers in future.\\nIt is most painful to reflect, that circumstances should imperiously demand the infliction\\nof capital punishment on soldiers, who have more than a shadow of plea to extenuate their\\ncrime. These unfortunate men have long suffered many serious grievances, which they\\nhave sustained with commendable patience but have at length lost their confidence in\\npublic justice. The success of the Pennsylvania insurgents, undoubtedly encouraged\\nthem to hope for exemption from punishment. But the very existence of an army de-\\npends on proper discipline and subordination. The arm of authority must be exerted,\\nand public examples be exhibited, to deter from the commission of crimes. The spirit of\\nrevolt must be effectually repressed, or a total annihilation of the army is inevitable. Sir\\nHenry Clinton on this occasion had his hopes again excited ever ready to profit by\\ntreachery or revolt, he dispatched an emissary to encourage the insurrection, and to make\\nthe most tempting offers to induce the mutineers to desert, and join the British standard;\\nbut the messenger himself frustrated his hopes, by delivering the papers to our own offi-\\ncers.\\nWEST MILFORD.\\nWest Milford was formed from Pompton in 1834. It is situated\\nNW. of Paterson 15 m. It is 13 m. long, with an average width\\nof 7 m. and is bounded N. by part of Orange co., New York, E.\\nby Pompton, S. by Pequannock and Jefferson, Morris co., and W.\\nby Hardiston and Vernon, Sussex co. There are in the township\\n10 forges, 2 tanneries, 2 grist-m., 5 saw-m. 11 schools, 408 schol-\\nars. Pop. 2,108.\\nThe surface is generally hilly or mountainous, and it is watered\\nby numerous small streams. There are several small ponds in the\\nsouth part, their outlets flowing into Pequannock river they are\\nMackepin, Hanks, Cedar, Buck, and Dunker s ponds. Long Pond,\\na favorite resort for anglers, extends from Orange co. into the N\\npart. The manufacture of iron is extensively carried on in the\\ntownship. New Milford is a thickly-settled agricultural vicin-\\nity, in the central part. There is at that place a Presbyterian\\nchurch, and the surrounding country is fertile.", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0426.jp2"}, "425": {"fulltext": "SALEM COUNTY. 41 5\\nSALEM COUNTY.\\nSalem county,* the southwestern county of the state, is bounded\\nW. and S. by the Delaware river and bay, (the former merging into\\nthe bay a few miles from the southern termination of the county,)\\nN. by Gloucester co., and E. and S. by Cumberland co. Its extreme\\nlength, N. and S., is 28 m. breadth, E. and W., 25 m. The coun-\\nty was named by John Fenwick, and distinguished as his tenth,\\nin 1675. The name and jurisdiction were settled by a proprietary\\nlaw in 1694. In 1709-10, the boundaries were definitely fixed, and\\nthen included Cumberland co. within the limits and in 1748, this\\nlatter county was formed from it. The prominent streams are Sa-\\nlem river, Alloways creek, Stow creek, on the line of Cumberland\\nco., and Oldman s creek, on that of Gloucester co. Salem river\\nrises in the eastern part of the county, and empties into the Dela-\\nware river 3^ miles below Salem. It is navigable for shallops\\nabout 30 miles, and vessels of 100 tons come up as far as Salem.\\nThe county is of alluvial formation, and generally level the soil,\\nmostly light sand, occasionally mixed with clay or loam. That\\npart bordering on the Delaware, is principally marshy land, strips\\nof which extend many miles up the country, on the borders of Stow\\nand Alloways creeks, and Salem river. The prevailing religious\\ndenomination in. the county is the Friends the Methodists and\\nBaptists rank next in numbers. The trade of the county consists\\nof wheat, rye, Indian corn, oats, and vegetables, for the Philadel-\\nphia market lumber, wood, clover, timothy, and particularly herd-\\ngrass seed, large quantities of which are exported to New Eng-\\nland. The following is a list of the townships, which are nine in\\nnumber\\nUpper Alloways Creek, Mannington, Pilesgrove,\\nLower Alloways Creek, Upper Penn s Neck, Pittsgrove,\\nElsinborough, Lower Penn s Neck, Salem.\\nIn 1810, the population of the county was 12,761 in 1820,\\n14,022; in 1830, 14,155; in 1840, 16,035.\\nUPPER ALLOWAYS CREEK.\\nThis township is about 8 m. in length, 7 m. in breadth, and is\\nbounded NE. by Pittsgrove and Pilesgrove, SE. by Deerfield, Hope-\\nwell, and Stow creek, Cumberland co., SW. by Lower Alloways\\nCreek, and NW. by Elsinborough. There are in the township 1\\nA large portion of the historical matter relating to Salem co., and part of that of\\nCumberland co., is from the History of Salem, by R. G. Johnson, an l8mo of 173 pages,\\npublished in 1839.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0427.jp2"}, "426": {"fulltext": "416\\nSALEM COUNTY.\\nwoollen fac, 6 grist-m., 7 saw-m. cap. in manufac. $29,800 8\\nschools, 400 scholars. Pop. 2,235.\\nAlio ways creek, which runs through the township, derives its appel-\\nlation from an Indian chief, named Alloways, who lived in this coun-\\ntry at the period of Fenwick s arrival, in 1675. The township was\\nearly settled. About the year 1748, a German Lutheran church,\\ncalled Emanuel s, was established at Freasburg, the constituents\\nof which are believed to have been all Germans. Their names\\nwere Freas, Trollenger, Meyer, Hahn, Born, Wentzell, Mackassen,\\nNorthern Entrance into Allowaystown.\\nHeppel, Ridman, Dillshoever, Sowder, Kniest, Tobal, and others,\\nwith their families. These people worked at Wistar s glass-works,\\n2\\\\ miles above Allowaystown, which are said to have been the\\nfirst glass-works established in the Union. The church records\\nwere kept in German, until 1832, when the Rev. Mr. Harpel took\\nthe oversight of the same. In 1836, he was succeeded by Rev. Mr.\\nReynolds. In Sept. of the same year, he was succeeded by the\\nRev. Mr. Duy, and he, in 1839, by the Rev. Mr. Town.\\nThe above view of the northern entrance into Allowaystown,\\ntaken near Reeves and Brother s mills, which appear on the right\\nof the engraving, shows the principal street in the place. This\\nthriving village is at the head of navigation, on Alloways creek, 6\\nm. E. of Salem. It contains a Baptist and a Methodist church,\\nseveral stores, and about 800 inhabitants. Ship-building is carried\\non here to a considerable extent besides many small vessels, one\\nor two large ships of 600 tons burden have been constructed. The\\nwhite-oak of this region is said to be nearly equal, for ship timber,\\nto the famous live-oak of Florida. There are a few localities in\\nthis township, known as Quinton s Bridge, Freasburg, Stockingtown,\\nand Guineatown the first of which contains 2 stores, a lime-kiln,\\nand about a dozen dwellings.\\nThe annexed account of military operations in this vicinity, in\\nthe revolutionary war, is from Johnson s History of Salem\\nIt was about the 20th Feb., 1778, that a detachment of British troops", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0428.jp2"}, "427": {"fulltext": "SALEM COUNTY. 417\\nwere sent from Philadelphia, by water, to Salem. They were in number\\nabout 500 men, under the command of Col. Abercrombie, of the 52d regi-\\nment. They came by water, and returned the same way, after remaining\\na few days, and helping themselves to whatever they wanted. It was gen-\\nerally believed that they were sent here on a reconnoitering party, and to\\nascertain the resources of the county.\\nOn the 17th March, 1778, another British regiment, which had been se-\\nlected from the 17th and 44th regiments in the city of Philadelphia, and\\nmostly Scotchmen, under the command of Col. Charles Mavvhood, and his\\nmajors, Simcoe and Sims, said to have been from 1,200 to 1,500 strong,\\nmarched into Salem early in the forenoon, having encamped the night be-\\nfore near Sharptown, and anticipating that they might surprise Col. Anthony\\nWayne, the commander of the Americans, before he was aware of their\\napproach. But Wayne was too vigilant an officer to be surprised here. He\\nmade good his retreat without any loss. As soon as the town was in pos-\\nsession of the enemy, the tories hastened hither, and as many enlisted as to\\nmake up two companies, who were called refugees. British officers were\\nput in command of them, and that they might be known from the foreign\\ntroops, whose uniform was red, these refugees were dressed in a uniform\\nentirely different from the foreign, which was green, faced with white, and\\ncocked hats with broad white binding around them.\\nCol. Mavvhood, having now an addition of two companies to his regiment,\\ncomposed of the most desperate and abandoned wretches that ever drew the\\nbreath of life, and obtaining from them all the necessary information, learned\\nthat our militia, under the command of Col. Benjamin Holmes, were about\\n300, who were posted on the south side of Alloways creek, at Quinton s\\nbridge, about 3 miles from Salem, and were determined to hold good their\\nstanding there, and prevent him, if possible, from crossing into Alloways\\nCreek township. He resolved, therefore, to beat up their quarters, and, as\\nhe publicly declared, chastise the insolent rebels, as he was pleased to call\\nour people, for having the impudence to dare to show resistance to his maj-\\nesty s arms. He sent out into the country around, and took from the farm-\\ners as many horses as to complete a troop, which he had immediately\\nmounted with his best men, and attached it to the regiment. Col. Holmes,\\nanticipating a visit from the enemy, went on an exploring party with some\\nof his officers to Allowaystown, about 2 miles above Quinton s bridge, for\\nthe purpose of appointing a few trusty persons as videttes, with directions\\nto advance on the road from thence towards Salem, and watch the motions\\nof the enemy, lest he might send a detachment that way, cross the creek at\\nthe bridge there, and attack him from that quarter.\\nCol. Mawhood, on the 18th March, sent out Major Simcoe from Salem\\nbefore daylight in the morning, with his battalion, who came undiscovered\\nwithin half a mile of the bridge, and there placed his men in that ambus-\\ncade which proved so fatal to a portion of our militia but a few hours after-\\nward. On the left of the main road leading to the bridge, and within half\\ngunshot of it, there ran up a ravine leading from the creek, at that time a\\nthick swamp, grown up with maples and bushes of every kind this swamp\\ncontinued its course to where the road made a short turn at about half\\nway between this turn in the road and the bridge on the Alloways creek,\\nwas a two-story brick house, with a barn and other outbuildings this\\nhouse was then in the occupation of Benjamin Wetherby the main road\\nto Salem ran close to the south end of the house, and the barn directly on\\n53", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0429.jp2"}, "428": {"fulltext": "418 SALEM COUNTY.\\nthe opposite side, while the swamp, with its thicket of bushes, came within\\n80 or 100 feet of the north side of the house. In this swamp, dwelling-\\nhouse, and barn, the British troops were secreted. The family were driven\\ninto the cellar. At the upper end of the lane, where the road made a turn,\\nthere were woods from these, some few of the redcoats, (as the enemy\\nwere sometimes called,) with a small number of light-horsemen, would show\\nthemselves, and march down the road in a taunting manner, as if challeng-\\ning our people to a contest, and now and then advance near to the brick\\nhouse, and then retreat to the woods again.\\nDuring these petty manoeuvres of the enemy, the spirit of our soldiers\\nwas excited to such a degree, as that there appeared to be an almost unan-\\nimous disposition in the militia to go over the bridge and chastise them.\\nThe most wary of the officers opposed the movement proposed, because\\nthe orders of the commanding officer had been peremptory, that they were\\nto stand their ground, and defend the bridge to the last extremity, should\\nthe enemy attempt to force a passage in his absence.\\nDuring this parley among them, a little Frenchman by the name of De-\\ncoe, a lieutenant, who was full of fight, represented to Capt. William Smith,\\nthen the senior officer present, how easy it would be for them to go over\\nand drub those insolent rascals. Capt. Smith being equally animated,\\nforthwith mounted his horse, and called upon his men to follow. They\\nimmediately obeyed and marched on, or rather huddled promiscuously\\nalong the road, with scarcely any military order. The decoying enemy,\\nseeing the confused manner in which the militia were approaching them,\\nfeigned a retreat. Captain Smith, being in advance of his men, was call-\\ning upon them to hasten on, saying, We will have them before they get to\\nMill-hollow, a ravine over which the then road leading to Salem passed,\\nand about two miles from Quinton s bridge.\\nDuring this higgledy-piggledy marching, if I may so call it, no one\\nthought, while passing, to examine either the barn, dwelling-house, or\\nswamp in the rear of it. When the militia had advanced some yards be-\\nyond the house, the enemy rose up, and poured forth upon our people a\\nmost destructive fire, from the swamp, house, barn, and fences, under\\nwhich many of them were secreted. The militia were thrown into confu-\\nsion. It was at this moment that Capt. Smith displayed great bravery and\\npresence of mind in attempting to rally his men, but they were so com-\\npletely surprised that he could not form them into line. The light-horse\\nfrom the woods now came dashing among them but their horses, being\\nuntrained, soon frightened at the clash of arms and report of guns, and\\ncould not be brought within striking distance of the sabre, except in a few\\ninstances. Our people retreated fighting in small squads, and although at\\nfirst surprised, and attacked in flank and rear, they made good their retreat\\nacross the bridge, but with the loss of between thirty and forty of their\\ncomrades.\\nCol. Hand, of the Cumberland militia, being informed by Col. Holmes\\nthat the enemy were in Salem, put his regiment in motion, and was hasten-\\ning to join Holmes at Quinton s bridge, and by an unforeseen Providence,\\nas designed, he arrived there at the very moment when the enemy was deal-\\ning death and destruction among our people. Immediately on his arrival, he\\nplaced his men in the trenches which our soldiers had but a little while\\nbefore left, and opened upon the pursuing enemy such a continued and\\nwell-directed fire, as soon put a stop to their career, and saved our people", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0430.jp2"}, "429": {"fulltext": "SALEM COUNTY. 419\\nfrom being cut to pieces. Hand had with him two pieces of artillery, which,\\nwhen they opened, soon obliged the enemy to face about. Capt. Smith had\\nsome of his hair shot away from the back part of his head, a bullet grazed\\nhis loins, and his horse received two bullets in him, yet he carried his rider\\nsafe over the bridge, and then fell dead under him.\\nOne extraordinary act of consummate bravery and desperate daring\\nduring the fight, deserves to be recorded. It was that which was performed\\nby Andrew Bacon, of the militia, a man whose life was protracted until he\\nwas past eighty years of age before he died. After our militia had effected\\ntheir retreat across the creek to their works, Bacon seized an axe, and set\\nto with all his might, with a determination to cut down the draw of the\\nbridge, as it was apparent the design of the enemy was to beat and drive\\nour soldiers from their trenches, if possible he persevered in chopping,\\n(while the enemy were directing their shot at him,) until he cut away the\\ndraw, and rendered it impassable as he was hastening to the trenches, he\\nreceived a wound, which, poor fellow, rendered him a cripple for life. The\\nenemy being now foiled, notwithstanding all their exertions to cross the\\ncreek, and seeing the draw of the bridge cut away and destroyed in their\\npresence, were reluctantly obliged to give up the contest, and return to\\nSalem.\\nColonel Mawhood, exceedingly chagrined that Major Simcoe, with his\\nfine battalion, could not drive our people from their intrenchments, was\\ndetermined not to permit them to bid defiance to his majesty s arms any\\nlonger, and resolved on the morrow to make one desperate effort, with all\\nhis disposable force, to dislodge the militia from their stronghold, and crush\\nthem for their insolence. Our troops being well aware that the pride of\\nthe enemy was excessively mortified in being thus foiled by a raw and\\nundisciplined militia, in their attempt to take the bridge, employed the re-\\nmainder of the day in strengthening their breastworks and other defences\\nin administering all the comfort in their power to their wounded comrades,\\nand in burying of the dead. Their feelings being now wrought up to the\\nhighest pitch, on that night they entered into the most solemn resolutions,\\nthat no British soldier should eat bread or set his foot on that side of the\\nAlloways creek, as long as there was a man left to defend it. Accord-\\ningly, as it was anticipated, on the next morning about ten o clock the\\nwhole British force appeared, approaching in battle array.\\nThey imagined that they would strike terror into the hearts of our people\\nby playing upon all their martial instruments of music, as they boldly ad-\\nvanced to the foot of the causeway in columns of battalions, where they dis-\\nplayed and formed their lines on the edge of the marsh. The refugees\\nwere there in the ranks on the right of the British regulars, and many of\\nthem were recognized by our people, as men who had been inhabitants of\\nour own county, then in arms against their own neighbors.\\nPrevious to the approach of the enemy, Cols. Holmes and Hand had\\nplaced their men under cover in their intrenchments, both up and down the\\ncreek, as far as the discharge of musketry would tell with good effect.\\nThe creek running circularly towards the enemy, and from the position in\\nwhich their line was then formed, they became exposed to the certain and\\ndestructive fire from our people in front, and on both flanks. In this posi-\\ntion were they when our militia opened upon them such a well-directed\\nand destructive fire, that, brave as they were, they could not long stand it.\\nThey then saw, to their woful disappointment, that they could make no", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0431.jp2"}, "430": {"fulltext": "420 SALEM COUNTY.\\nimpression upon our people they were not to be intimidated, for they felt\\nthemselves secure under cover and upon a high bank, with the creek be-\\ntween them, and the bridge destroyed. For the enemy to make a despe-\\nrate effort to advance through the marsh to the edge of the creek, would\\nanswer no good purpose, but only expose themselves to certain destruction.\\nIn their attempt to penetrate along the causeway to gain the bridge, they\\nwere so galled by the incessant fire poured in upon their left flank from\\nwhat is now the ship-yard, as well as assailed by small-arms and the two\\npieces of cannon in their front, that they were thrown into confusion, were\\nobliged to retreat back to Salem, and leave the small village of Quinton s\\nbridge in the possession of our gallant militia.\\nThe next day a detachment of the enemy marched through a little settle-\\nment called Guineatown, near to Allowaystown, situated at the head of\\nthe tide-water, but returned, not venturing to cross the bridge there.\\nMawhood now set about accomplishing the errand which he had been\\nsent to perform which was to plunder the farmers of all the hay, grain,\\ncattle, horses, and, indeed, of every thing that might be of benefit to the\\nBritish. He therefore sent out his men and pressed into his service all the\\nteams that he could obtain, and set them to work under the supervision of\\na military guard in transporting every thing he found necessary to the ves-\\nsels, which had been sent for that purpose the like in number have\\nnever been seen at one time in our creek, either before or since. These\\nproductions of the farmers were carried to Philadelphia, where they were\\nvery much wanted that city being the head-quarters of the enemy. The\\nforagers were directed to explore Elsinborough, Lower Mannington, and\\nSalem, where he was sure no resistance could be offered to them. He\\ndirected a strong party to attend the foragers into the township of Lower\\nPenn s Neck. The bridge over the main creek, and road leading from\\nSalem into the Neck, was situated about two miles higher up than where\\nit now crosses.\\nCaptain Andrew Sinnickson lived at that time in Penn s Neck, and being\\nnotified of the party approaching, hastily collected together as many of his\\nmen as could be mustered, came upon the guard and their foragers, (in\\nwhat was then called the Long Lane,) and after a severe contest the enemy\\nwas routed, and in the melee the commanding officer lost his hat and cloak,\\nand was obliged to flee to Salem without them. The next day Capt. Sin-\\nnickson sent a flag into the town, with the hat and cloak belonging to the\\nunfortunate officer, with something like this laconic message That he\\nhad to regret the sudden departure of the officer, the owner of these articles,\\nhit hoped that if he intended another visit into that township he might have the\\npleasure of detaining him, until they became better acquainted.\\nBelow is the letter of the British commander to Col. Elijah\\nHand, written a day or two after the affair at Quintin s Bridge,\\ntogether with the reply\\nColonel Mawhood, commanding a detachment of the British army at Salem, in-\\nduced by motives of humanity, proposes to the militia at Quintin s Bridge and the\\nneighborhood, as well officers as private men, to lay down their arms and depart, each\\nman to his own home. On that condition, he solemnly promises to re-embark his troops\\nwithout delay, doing no further damage to the country and he will cause his commis-\\nsaries to pay for the cattle, hay, and corn that have been taken, in sterling money.\\nIf, on the contrary, the militia should be so far deluded, and blind to their true interest\\nand happiness, he will put the arms which he has brought with him into the hands of\\nthe inhabitants well affected, called tories and will attack all such of the militia as re-", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0432.jp2"}, "431": {"fulltext": "SALEM COUNTY. 421\\nmain in arms, burn and destroy their houses and other property, and reduce them, their\\nunfortunate wives and children, to beggary and distress. And, to convince them that\\nthese are not vain threats, he has subjoined a list of the names of such as will be the\\nfirst objects to feed the vengeance of the British nation.\\nGiven under my hand, at head-quarters, at Salem, the twenty-first day of March, 1778.\\nC. MAWHOOD, Colonel.\\nEdmund Keasby, Thomas Sinnickson, Samuel Dick, Whitten Cripps, Ebenezer\\nHowell, Edward Hall, John Rowen, Thomas Thompson, George Trenchard, Elisha Cat-\\ntel, Andrew Sinnickson, Nicholas Kean, Jacob Hufty, Benjamin Holmes, William\\nShute, Anthony Sharp, and Abner Penton.\\nCOLONEL HAND S REPLY.\\nSir I have been favored with what you say humanity has induced you to propose.\\nIt would have given me much pleasure to have found that humanity had been the line\\nof conduct to your troops, since you came to Salem. Not denying quarters, but butch-\\nering our men who surrendered themselves prisoners, in the skirmish atQuintin s Bridge,\\nlast Thursday and bayoneting, yesterday morning, at Hancock s Bridge, in the most\\ncruel manner, in cold blood, men who were taken by surprise, in a situation in which\\nthey neither could nor did attempt to make any resistance, and some of whom were not\\nfighting men, are instances too shocking for me to relate, and I hope for you to hear.\\nThe brave are ever generous and humane. After expressing your sentiments of human-\\nity, you proceed to make a request, which I think you would despise us if complied\\nwith. Your proposal that we should lay down our arms, we absolutely reject. We have\\ntaken them up to maintain rights which are dearer to us than our lives and will not\\nlay them down till either success has crowned our arms with victory, or, like many an-\\ncient worthies contending for liberty, we meet with an honorable death. You mention\\nthat, if we reject your proposal, you will put arms in the hands of the tories against us.\\nWe have no objection to the measure, for it would be a very good one to fill our arsenals\\nwith arms. Your threats to wantonly burn and destroy our houses and other property,\\nand reduce our wives and children to beggary and distress, is a sentiment which my\\nhumanity almost forbids me only to recite and induces me to imagine that I am read-\\ning the cruel order of a barbarous Attila, and not of a gentleman, brave, generous, and\\npolished, with a genteel European education. To wantonly destroy will injure your cause\\nmore than ours it will increase your enemies and our army. To destine to destruction\\nthe property of our most distinguished men, as you have done in your proposals, is, in\\nmy opinion, unworthy a generous foe and more like a rancorous feud, between two con-\\ntending barons, than a war carried on, by one of the greatest powers on earth, against\\na people nobly struggling for liberty. A line of honor would mark out that these men\\nshould share the fate of their country. If your arms should be crowned with victory,\\n(which God forbid they and their property will be entirely at the disposal of your sove-\\nreign. The loss of their property, while their persons are out of your power, will only\\nrender them desperate and, as I said before, increase your foes and our army. And\\nretaliation upon tories, and their property, is not entirely out of our power. Be assured\\nthat these are the sentiments, and determined resolution, not of myself only, but of all\\nthe officers and privates under me.\\nMy prayer is, sir, that this answer may reach you in health and great happiness.\\nGiven at head-quarters, at Quinton s Bridge, the 22d day of March, 1778.\\nELIJAH HAND, Colonel.\\nThe annexed plan of the Affair at Quinton s Bridge, is a re-\\nduced copy of one drawn by Lieut. Col. Simcoe, accompanying his\\nMilitary Journal. Col. Simcoe was the celebrated commander of a\\npartisan corps, in the revolution, called the Queen s Rangers,\\nand late in life was lieutenant-governor of Upper Canada, at which\\ntime, although a gentlemanly man, he was noted for his prejudices\\nagainst the United States. His journal has been republished at\\nNew York the present year, (1844,) by Bartlett Welford. The\\nfollowing is Major (afterward Lieut. Col.) Simcoe s account of his\\noperations in the vicinity of Salem\\nAn expedition was formed under the command of the late Colonel Maw-", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0433.jp2"}, "432": {"fulltext": "422\\nSALEM COUNTY.\\nhood, consisting of the 27th and 46th regiments, the Queen s Rangers, and\\nNew Jersey Volunteers they embarked the 12th of March, and fell down\\nthe Delaware. On the 17th, the Queen s Rangers landed, at three o clock\\n[Scale one-half of a mile.]\\nPlan of the Affair at Quinton s Bridge, 18th March, 1778.\\nReferences. A. The rebels in their works. B. Detachment of the 17th of Infant-\\nry masking the Bridge. C. The Light Infantry of the Rangers ambuscaded in a house.\\nD. A detachment commanded by Capt. Saunders in ambuscade. E. Huzzars and In-\\nfantry of Queen s Rangers in the wood. F. Detachment of the 17th, retreating in view\\nof the enemy. G. Rebels passing the bridge. H. Sally of the Light Infantry and pur-\\nsuit of the Rangers. I. Flight of the enemy.]\\nin the morning, about six miles from Salem, the Huzzars carrying their ac-\\ncoutrements and swords. Major Simcoe was directed to seize horses, to\\nmount the cavalry and the staff, and to join Colonel Mawhood at Salem;\\nthis was accordingly executed. Major Simcoe, making a circuit and pass-\\ning over Lambstone s bridge, arrived at Salem, near which Colonel Mawhood\\nlanded. The Huzzars were tolerably well mounted, and sufficient horses\\nprocured for the other exigencies of the service Colonel Mawhood had\\ngiven the strictest charge against plundering; and Major Simcoe, in taking\\nthe horses, had assured the inhabitants that they should be returned, or paid\\nfor, if they did not appear in arms, in a very few days and none but offi-\\ncers entering the houses, they received no other injury. The Queen s\\nRangers infantry were about two hundred and seventy, rank and file, and\\nthirty cavalry Colonel Mawhood gave directions for the forage to take\\nplace on the 18th. The town of Salem lies upon a creek of that name\\nwhich falls into the Delaware nearly opposite Reedy island the Aloes, or\\nAllewas [Alloways] creek, runs almost parallel to the Salem creek, and\\nfalls into the Delaware to the southward of it over this creek there were\\nthree bridges Hancock s was the lower one, Quintin s that in the centre,\\nand Thompson s the upper one. Between these creeks the foraging was to\\ncommence the neck, or peninsula, formed by them was at its greatest dis-\\ntance seven, and at its least four miles wide. The rebel m uitia was posted\\nat Hancock s and Quintin s, the nearest bridges, which they had taken up", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0434.jp2"}, "433": {"fulltext": "SALEM COUNTY. 423\\nand defended by breast-works. Colonel Mawhood made detachments to\\nmask these bridges, and foraged in their rear the officer who commanded\\nthe detachment, consisting of seventy of the 17th infantry, at Quintin s\\nbridge, sent information that the enemy were assembled in great numbers at\\nthe bridge, and indicated as if they meant to pass over whenever he should\\nquit it, in which case his party would be in great danger. Colonel Mawhood\\nmarched with the Queen s Rangers to his assistance he made a circuit so\\nas to fall in upon the road that led from Thompson s to Quintin s bridge, to\\ndeceive any patrole which he might meet on his march, and to make them\\nbelieve that he directed it to Thompson s, not Quintin s bridge. Approach-\\ning the bridge, the Rangers halted in the wood, and Col. Mawhood and Ma-\\njor Simcoe went to the party of the 17th, but in such a manner as to give\\nno suspicion that they were part of a reinforcement the ground was high,\\ntill within two hundred yards of the bridge, where it became marshy im-\\nmediately beyond the bridge the banks were steep, and on them the enemy\\nhad thrown up breast- works there was a public house very near the road,\\nat the edge of its declivity into the marsh, on the Salem side. Colonel\\nMawhood asked Major Simcoe whether he thought, if he left a party in the\\nhouse, the enemy would pass by it or not who replied, that he thought\\nthey would be too cowardly to do it but at any rate the attempt could do no\\nharm, and, if he pleased, he would try. Colonel Mawhood directed Major\\nSimcoe to do so, who accordingly, profiting by the broken ground of the or-\\nchard which was behind it, and the clothing of his men, brought Captain\\nStephenson and his company into the house undiscovered the front windows\\nwere opened, and the back ones were shut, so that no thorough light could\\nbe seen the women of the house were put in the cellar, and ordered to be\\nsilent the door was left open, and Lieutenant M Kay stood behind it, with a\\nbayonet, ready to seize the first person whose curiosity might prompt him to\\nenter the Queen s Rangers were brought into the wood near to that part\\nwhere it ended in clear ground, and two companies, under Captain Saunders,\\nwere advanced to the fences at the very edge of it, where they lay flat.\\nColonel Mawhood then gave orders for the detachment of the 17th, who were\\nposted near the house, to call in their sentinels and retreat up the road in\\nfull view of the enemy. This party had scarcely moved, when the enemy\\nlaid the bridge and passed it a detachment of them went immediately\\nacross the marsh to the heights on the left, but the principal party, about\\ntwo hundred, in two divisions, proceeded up the road Captain Stephenson,\\nas they approached the house, could hear them say, Let us go into the\\nhouse, c, but they were prevented, both by words and by action, by the\\nofficer who was at their head he was on horseback, and spurring forward,\\nquitted the road to go into the field, on the right, through a vacancy made\\nby the rails being taken for fires his party still proceeded up the road, and\\nthe first division passed the house the officer, his sight still fixed on the\\nred clothes of the 17th, approached close up to the fence where Captain\\nSaunders lay he did not immediately observe the Rangers, and, it is prob-\\nable, he might not, had he not heard one of the men stifling a laugh looking\\ndown he saw them, and galloped off; he was fired at, wounded, and taken.\\nThe division that had passed the house attempted to return. Captain Ste-\\nphenson sallied, drove them across the fields. Captain Saunders pursued\\nthem. The Huzzars were let loose, and afterward the battalion, Colonel\\nMawhood leading them. Major Simcoe directed the 17th back to the house,\\nwith the grenadiers and Highlanders of the Rangers, ready to force the\\nbridge, if ordered j the enemy, for a moment, quitted it j Colonel Mawhood", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0435.jp2"}, "434": {"fulltext": "424 SALEM COUNTY.\\nthought it useless to pass it. Some of the division, who passed the house,\\nwere taken prisoners, but the greater part were drowned in the Aloes creek.\\nThe officer who was taken proved to be a Frenchman. The Rangers had\\none Huzzar mortally wounded and what was unfortunate, he was wound-\\ned by a man whom in the eagerness of the pursuit he had passed, given\\nquarters to, and not disarmed the villain, or coward, was killed by another\\nHuzzar. The corps returned to Salem.\\nThe rebels still occupying the posts at Quintin and Hancock s bridge,\\nand probably accumulating, Colonel Mawhood determined to attack them at\\nthe latter, where, from all reports, they were assembled to near four hun-\\ndred men. He intrusted the enterprise to Major Simcoe, and went with\\nhim and a patrole opposite to the place the Major ascended a tree, and\\nmade a rough sketch of the buildings, which, by conversing with the guides,\\nhe improved into a tolerable plan of the place, and formed his mode of at-\\ntack accordingly. He embarked on the 20th, at night, on board the flat-\\nboats he was to be landed at an inlet, seven miles below Aloes creek, when\\nthe boats were immediately to be returned, and by a private road he was to\\nreach Hancock s bridge, opposite to which, Major Mitchell was detached\\nwith the 27th regiment, to co-operate with him. Major Simcoe foresaw the\\ndifficulties and dangers, but he kept them to himself: every thing depended\\nupon surprise. The enemy were nearly double his numbers and his re-\\ntreat, by the absolute orders to send back the boats, was cut off; but he had\\njust confidence in the silence, attention, and spirit of the corps. By some\\nstrange error in the naval department, when the boats arrived off Aloes\\ncreek, the tide set so strong against them that, in the opinion of the officer\\nof the navy, they could not reach the place of their destination till mid-day.\\nMajor Simcoe determined not to return, but to land on the marshes at the\\nmouth of the Aloes creek there were good guides with him they found\\nout a landing place, and after a march of two miles through marshes, up to\\nthe knees in mud and water, labors rendered more fatiguing by the carriage\\nof the first wooden planks they met with, to form bridges with them over the\\nditches, they at length arrived at a wood upon dry land. Here the corps\\nwas formed for the attack. There was no public road which led to Han-\\ncock s bridge, but that which the Rangers were now in possession of; a\\nbank, on which there was a footway, led from Hancock s to Quintin s\\nbridge. Hancock s house was a large brick house there were many store-\\nhouses round it, and some few cottages. Captain Saunders was detached\\nto ambuscade the dyke that led to Quintin s bridge, about half a mile from\\nthe quarters, and to take up a small bridge which was upon it, as the enemy\\nwould probably fly that way, and if not pursued too closely, would be more\\neasily defeated. Captain Dunlop was detached to the rear of Hancock s\\nhouse, in which it was presumed the rebel officers quartered directed to\\nforce it, occupy and barricade it, as it commanded the passage of the bridge.\\nDifferent detachments were allotted to the houses supposed to be the ene-\\nmy s quarters, which having mastered, they were ordered to assemble at\\nHancock s a party was appropriated to relay the bridge. On approaching\\nthe place, two sentries were discovered two men of the light infantry fol-\\nlowed them, and, as they turned about, bayoneted them the companies\\nrushed in, and each, with proper guides, forced the quarters allotted to it.\\nNo resistance being made, the light infantry, who were in reserve, reached\\nHancock s house by the road, and forced the front door, at the same time\\nthat Captain Dunlop, by a more difficult way, entered the back door as it\\nwas very dark, these companies had nearly attacked each other. The sur-", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0436.jp2"}, "435": {"fulltext": "SALEM COUNTY. 425\\nprise was complete, and would have been so, had the whole of the enemy s\\nforce been present, but, fortunately for them, they had quitted it the evening\\nbefore, leaving a detachment of twenty or thirty men, all of whom were\\nkilled. Some very unfortunate circumstances happened here. Among the\\nkilled was a friend of government, then a prisoner with the rebels, old\\nHancock, the owner of the house, and his brother. Major Simcoe had made\\nparticular inquiry, and was informed that he did not live at home, since the\\nrebels had occupied the bridge. The information was partly true he was\\nnot there in the day-time, but unfortunately returned home at night. Events\\nlike these are the real miseries of war. The roads which lead to the\\ncountry were immediately ambuscaded and Lieutenant Whitlock was de-\\ntached to surprise a patrole of seven men who had been sent down the creek\\nthis he effected completely. On their refusal to surrender, he fired on them.\\nOnly one escaped. This firing gave the first notice of the success of the\\nenterprise to the 27th regiment; with so much silence it had hitherto been\\nconducted. The bridge was now laid and Major Simcoe communicated\\nto Colonel Mitchell that the enemy were at Quintin s bridge that he had\\ngood guides to conduct them thither by a private road, and that the posses-\\nsion of Hancock s house secured a retreat. Lieutenant-Colonel Mitchell\\nsaid that his regiment was much fatigued by the cold, and that he would\\nreturn to Salem as soon as the troops joined. The ambuscades were of\\ncourse withdrawn, and the Queen s Rangers were forming to pass the\\nbridge, when a rebel patroll passed where an ambuscade had been, and\\ndiscovering the corps, gallopped back. Lieutenant-Colonel Mitchell, find-\\ning his men in high spirits, had returned, purposing to march to Quin-\\ntin s bridge but being informed of the enemy s patroll, it was thought best\\nto return. Colonel Mawhood, in public orders, returned his best thanks to\\nMajor Simcoe and his corps, for their spirited and good conduct in the sur-\\nprise of the rebel posts. Two days after, the Queen s Rangers patrolled\\nto Thompson s bridge the enemy, who had been posted there, were alarm-\\ned at the approach of a cow the night before, fired at it, wounded it, and\\nthen fled they also abandoned Quintin s bridge, and retired to a creek, six-\\nteen miles from Aloes creek. Major Simcoe, making a patrole with the\\nHuzzars, took a circuit towards the rear of one of the parties sent out to\\nprotect the foragers a party of the enemy had been watching them the\\nwhole day, and unluckily, the forage being completed, the detachment had\\njust left its ground and was moving off; the enemy doing the like, met the\\npatrole we re pursued, and escaped by the passage which the foragers had\\njust left open. One only was taken, being pursued into a bog, which the Huz-\\nzars attempted in vain to cross, and were much mortified to see above a dozen\\nof the enemy, who had passed round it in safety, within a few yards they\\nconsisted of all the field officers and committee-men of the district. The\\nprisoner was their adjutant. The enemy, who were assembled at Cohan-\\nsey, might easily have been surprised but Colonel Mawhood judged, that\\nhaving completed his forage with such success, his business was to return,\\nwhich he effected. The troops embarked without any accident, and sailed\\nfor Philadelphia.\\n54", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0437.jp2"}, "436": {"fulltext": "426\\nSALEM COUNTY.\\nLOWER ALLOWAYS CREEK.\\nThe extreme length of this township is about 13 m., with an\\naverage width of 6 m. It is bounded N. by Upper Alloways Creek,\\nE. by Stow Creek and Greenwich, Cumberland co., S. by the Dela-\\nware, and W. by Elsinborough. A great portion of the township\\nis marsh. Pop. in 1830, 1,222; in 1840, 1,252.\\nCanton, 9 miles from Salem, contains 2 stores, a Baptist church,\\nand about 30 dwellings. Hancock s Bridge, upon Alloways creek,\\n5 miles S. of Salem, has about 40 dwellings, and a Friends meeting-\\nhouse. This society first built a house of worship in 1085. The\\nleading men of the association were Richard Hancock, John Denn,\\nJeremiah Powell, Nathaniel Chamney, c. A Presbyterian church,\\nnow extinct, was founded at Logtown in 1750. The families were\\nMoore, Sayre, Woodruff, Grier, Padget, Wood, c.\\nView of an Ancient Dwelling at Hancock s Bridge.\\nThe above is a view of an antiquated brick dwelling, standing\\nin the village, a few rods from the bridge over the creek, and known\\nas Baker s tavern. In 1778, when the British were in this county,\\na party of them surprised, at night, a small body of Americans in\\nthis house, who had been stationed there to guard the bridge. The\\naccount given by Major Simcoe, who commanded the enemy, is\\ngiven on p. 424 of this volume. The following is from Johnson s\\nHistory of Salem\\nMassacre at Hancock s Bridge. That night, the murdering party being selected, went,\\nas directed, in boats, down Salem creek to the river thence to Alloways creek thence\\nup the same to a suitable distance from Hancock s Bridge, where they were to land, and\\nbeing favored by the darkness of the night, were to attack the picket in the house in\\nwhich they were stationed as their head-quarters, and put ever} man to death they found\\nthere. In that house, the property of Judge Hancock, were he, Charles Fogg, a very\\naged man, Joseph Thompson, and Bacon, all Quakers a few others besida the\\nguard, composed of a full company of men, were those persons in that house on that ill-\\nfated night, all wrapt in sleep, worn down, with watching, nature exhausted, and many\\nof them doomed to sleep the long sleep of death. The hellish mandate was issued at\\nhead-quarters Go spare no one put all to death give no quarters. These refu-\\ngees, only to be associated with their brethren, the imps of the infernal regions, did their\\nbest, and glutted their worse than savage passions in the innocent blood of their unof-\\nfending neighbors. They killed and desperately mangled, with fiendish ferocity, such", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0438.jp2"}, "437": {"fulltext": "SALEM COUNTY. 42?\\nwhom they saw writhing under the severity of their wounds, and thus destroyed more\\nthan two thirds of all who were within that house.\\nIt was currently reported, and that report believed to be true, that a negro man, who\\nwent by the name of Nicholson s Frank, and a man from Gloucester co., called Jonathan\\nBallanger, were the two persons who attended this murdering expedition as pilots.\\nBallanger came to the house of John Steward, (a farmer, near Hancock s Bridge,)\\narmed, that very same night, some time before day. Steward said, that he soon dis-\\ncovered, from the looks and conversation of Ballanger, that some evil was about to be\\ndone. With some persuasion, he prevailed upon him to go into the room and lie down.\\nWhen he went in, he turned the key in the door, nor did he open it until about daylight\\nin the morning. When Ballanger came out of the room he stayed but a few minutes, and\\nwent away, carrying with him his musket. A short time after lie had left the house,\\nthe report of a gun was heard in the direction in which Ballanger had walked, and by\\nthe side of the fence along which he had gone but a few minutes before, was found Reu-\\nben Sayres, mortally wounded, being a distance of not more than one-fourth of a mile\\nfrom Steward s house.\\nBallanger was not seen by any person after he left Steward s, until several years after-\\nward. The suspicion of the murder of Sayres could be fixed upon no one but him. Im-\\nmediately after the massacre of the picket and private citizens, the refugees returned to\\nSalem over the bridge, the draw of which they laid. Ballanger and the negro, no doubt,\\nreturned by water with the boatmen. It could have been none of the refugees who were\\nat Hancock s. The circumstantial evidence against Ballanger was most assuredly of the\\nvery strongest kind, amounting pretty near to positive. Public opinion was decidedly\\nagainst him, fur he was known to be a rank tory, and from the very hotbed of toryism\\nof those who secretly traded with the British while they occupied Philadelphia. It was\\nbut a short mile from Hancock s Bridge to where Sayres was found weltering in his\\nblood he had escaped thus far towards the woods or marshes, in his flight from the\\nmurdering refugees. Not a single individual of the enemy was seen anywhere near to\\nthe field where Sayres was found. The murderer was always believed to be none other\\nthan Jonathan Ballanger.*\\nA few names of some of those desperate villains, the refugees, which I here mention,\\nought never to be forgotten. One fellow, who usually bore the name of Proud Harry, a\\nplasterer by trade, an insolent, swaggering scoundrel, a braggadocio another, by name\\nJo. Daniels another, if possible, worse than Satan himself, his name was John Hanks.\\nThis fellow was brought up from a boy in the family of Morris Beesley. The son of\\nMorris, whose name was Walker, belonged to that company of militia. Hanks, with\\nanother villain, rushed upon young Beesley to kill him. He begged of Hanks, in the\\nmost pitiable manner, to protect him, and spare his life he urged upon him their friend-\\nship and intimacy their having grown up from boys together. All his entreaties were\\nin vain the murderer heard his pleas, and then very sternly told him, that for their\\nformer intimacy alone he was determined to kill him, and then stabbed him and left him.\\nThe poor youth lived long enough to tell this tale of wo to those people who came to take\\ncare of the dead and wounded.\\nAnother instance I will mention, of a militia-man whose name was Darius Dailey,\\nwho, escaping from the house, was pursued by two of the refugees while running, he\\nsaw an English soldier; he made towards him as fast as he could, calling out to him at\\nthe same time to save him crying out, Oh, save me, save me, soldier I am your\\ncountryman Save me, save me I am a Scotchman I am your countryman The\\nvery name of countryman, even coming from the mouth of an enemy, and in the midst\\nof slaughter, struck the tender fibres of the stern soldier s heart. He immediately put\\nhimself in an attitude of defence, and stopped the pursuing refugees, and told them that\\nhe should protect the man at all hazards that he had surrendered himself to him, and\\nthat he was his prisoner. When his flurry had in some measure subsided, Dailey gave\\nThe following amusing anecdote was communicated to the compilers by Thomas\\nGordon, Esq., of Trenton Some years after this, a son of Sayres, master of a small\\nvessel navigating the Delaware river, in bringing his vessel up to a wharf below Phila-\\ndelphia, in a very dark evening, being a little intoxicated, accidentally fell overboard, but\\nwas humanely rescued by a person who happened to be on the wharf. As soon as he had\\nsufficiently recovered, he discovered in the face of his deliverer a son of Ballanger, the\\nmurderer of his father. He swore he would not owe his life to such a d d rascal, im-\\nmediately threw himself into the river, and it was with no little difficulty and risk that\\nhis life was, a second time, saved from a watery grave.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0439.jp2"}, "438": {"fulltext": "428 SALEM COUNTY.\\nhis name to the soldier the soldier his name to Dailey. They were both almost struck\\nspeechless with astonishment they now found that they had been bosom friends and\\nschoolmates together, when boys, in Scotland. Dailey was conducted a prisoner, with a\\nfew others, to Salem, whose lives had been spared by the English soldiers.\\nThe names of the officers of that unfortunate company of militia, who were so dread-\\nfully cut to pieces on that dreadful night, were Carleton Sheppard, captain Benjamin\\nCurlis, 1st lieutenant Andrew Lowder, 2d lieutenant William Bresbey, ensign.\\nELSINBOROUGH.\\nThis is the smallest township in the county, being but 7 m. long,\\nand 3 m. wide. It is bounded N. by Salem and Lower Penn s\\nNeck, S. and E. by Lower Alloway s Creek, and W. by the Dela-\\nware. It has 2 schools, 85 scholars. Pop. 526.\\nA fort was anciently erected by the Swedish governor, Printz, at\\nFort Point, on the eastern bank of Salem river, near its mouth,\\nsomewhere between the years 1642 and 1652. This fortress was\\ncalled by them Helsingborg, from which the name of the township\\nis derived. The Indian name of the place was Wootsessungsing.\\nThe fortification commanded the Delaware, and enabled the Swedes\\nto compel the Dutch to strike the flag from the masts of their ves-\\nsels. It became untenable, from the great multitude of musquitoes,\\nand was nicknamed Myggenborg, or Musquito Fort.\\nCol. Mawhood, the British commander, after his failure of in-\\ntimidating the militia of this county, in March, 1778, and chagrined\\nby his want of success, sent a party of soldiers from Salem on an\\nexcursion into this township. They went to the farm of Col.\\nHolmes, about 4 miles from Salem, drove his wife and family out\\nof doors, pillaged his property, and set his dwelling on fire. This\\ngentleman was a strong and influential whig, and so dreaded by\\nthe enemy, that Lord Howe offered \u00c2\u00a3100 for him, dead or alive.\\nMANNINGTON.\\nMannington was originally named East Fenwick, and afterward\\nchanged to its present appellation, from the Indian word Maneto.\\nIt has an average length of about 8 m., and an average width of\\n5 m. It is bounded N. by Upper Penn s Neck and Pilesgrove, S.\\nby Salem, S. and E. by Upper Alloways Creek, and W. by Lower\\nPenn s Neck. In Mannington is an excellent nursery of fruit, be-\\nlonging to Samuel Reeve, Esq., which contains about 20,000 fruit\\ntrees, of every variety. The township is one of the most fertile in\\nthis part of the state. It has 7 schools, 169 scholars. Pop. 2,064.\\nMannington Hill is situated on a slight elevation in the central\\npart of the township, and contains 6 or 8 dwellings. During the\\nAmerican revolution, a small party of the enemy, at night, broke\\ninto a house occupied by a Mr. Ambler in this village. The family\\nconsisted of the old gentleman and wife, and two girls. The party", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0440.jp2"}, "439": {"fulltext": "SALEM COUNTY. 429\\non entering, threatened to murder them if they lifted their heads\\nfrom under the bed-clothing. After rifling the rooms of the valua-\\nbles, they decamped. This dwelling has been rebuilt, and is now\\noccupied by Mr. Joseph Shepard.\\nUPPER PENN S NECK.\\nThis is the northernmost township of the county. Its extreme\\nlength is about 9 m., with a width of 7 m. It is bounded NW. by the\\nDelaware river, NE. by Woolwich, Gloucester co., S. by Manning-\\nton and Lower Penn s Neck, and SE. by Pilesgrove. The soil is\\nlight, and produces large quantities of vegetables for the Philadel-\\nphia market, which is the main source of the wealth of the town-\\nship. It has H schools, IKi scholars. Pop. 1,854.\\nPedrictown, on Oldman s creek, 3 miles in a direct line from the\\nDelaware river, has about 50 dwellings, a Friends meeting-house,\\nand near it a Methodist church. Sculltown, originally named Lock-\\nerton, from a Mr. Lock, is at the head of navigation on Oldman s\\ncreek, 18 miles from its mouth, and on the line of Gloucester co. It\\ncontains 2 stores, about 40 dwellings, and a Methodist church. It\\nis a thriving village, and large quantities of lumber and grain are\\nexported. Penn s Grove, a landing on the Delaware for steamers,\\nis a flourishing village which has sprung into existence within a\\nfew years it contains about 25 dwellings.\\nLOWER PENN S NECK.\\nThis township is 8 miles long, with an average width of 3-\u00c2\u00a3 miles.\\nIt is bounded N. by Upper Penn s Neck E. and S. by Salem river,\\nwhich divides it from Mannington, Salem, and Elsinborough and\\nS. and W. by the Delaware river. Large quantities of vegetables\\nare raised for the Philadelphia market. The soil is rich, and on\\nthe margin of the Delaware and Salem rivers are large strips of\\nmeadow. On the bank of the Delaware, 7 miles NE. of Salem, is\\na small settlement called Kinseyville, where there is a ferry to\\nNew Castle, two miles distant, on the opposite side of the river.\\nIt has 5 schools, 185 scholars. Pop. 1,219. Fort Delaware is an\\nisland opposite this township, which was formed by the sinking\\nof a New England vessel on a sand-bar.\\nThe Swedes built a fort at Finn s Point in this township. Fen-\\nwick, among other unexecuted projects, conceived the plan of\\nlaying out a town at this spot, to be called Finnstown Point.\\nLasse Hendricks, Stephen Yearnans, Matthias Spackleson, and\\nErick Yearnans were Swedes, at that* time living there, from\\nwhom Fenwick purchased 1,000 acres, called Pumpians Hook,\\nopposite Delaware. Erick Yearnans he appointed bailiff over\\nthe bailiwick of West Fenwick, now Penn s Neck. Another", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0441.jp2"}, "440": {"fulltext": "430 SALEM COUNTY.\\ntown was to have been laid out at the cove, in Upper Penn s\\nNeck, to have been named Bout-town Finns.\\nThe Episcopal church in this township was originally a Swedish church of the\\nLutheran order. Abraham Lidenius was appointed the first pastor over this church\\nin 1714. He returned to Sweden in 1724, and two years after Petrus Tranberg and\\nAndreas Windrufwa, in 1726, divided their services between -this church and Raccoon,\\nnow Swedesboro. Two years later Windrufwa died, and Tranberg officiated alone until\\nhis death, in 1748. The same year John Sandin succeeded, and died in a few months.\\nHe was succeeded by John Lidenius, the son of the first pastor. In 1759 Andreas\\nBorell was sent from Sweden as Provost of the American Swedish churches. John\\nWicksell officiated from 1763 to about 1764, when he returned to Sweden. His sue.\\ncessor, the venerable Nicholas Collin, D. D., was the last of the Swedish ministers, and\\nofficiated until about the close of the American revolution. He was succeeded by\\nSamuel Grey, and he by the Rev. Mr. Higby. In 1789, under the Rev. John Wade, a\\nvestry was chosen, and the church organized as a Protestant Episcopal church. In\\n1808 the present substantial brick church was erected in place of a wooden one fast de-\\ncaying.\\nLike the Swedish churches in America, this mission was supported by the Swedish\\nking, and a glebe attached to each station. The glebe attached to this church was a\\nfarm in Pdes Grove. The following is a list of the Swedes dwelling in Penn s Xeck\\nprevious to 1680, who, it is supposed, belonged to this church Erickson Yearneans,\\ntwo brothers Hendricks, Spackleson, Nielson, Giljeanson, Cornelius, Pederson, Oulson,\\nSenexson, Picters, Jacquette, Wooleyson, Barkleson, Jacobson.\\nThe Presbyterian church of Penn s Xeck was founded about 1748. In 1778 the\\nRev. Samuel Eakin, the first minister of whom we have any record, took charge. The\\nfamilies composing the congregation were the Nevils, Philpots, Lippincotts, Lambsons,\\nDunns, Wrights, Stanleys, Burdens, Healys, Congletons, and others.\\nEakin continued until the close of the American revolution. They were then occa-\\nsionally supplied until the Rev. Nathaniel Harris took the oversight in 1797, who con-\\ntinued until he removed to Trenton, in 1800. He was succeeded by the Rev. David\\nEdwards, who remained until 1805. Since then the meeting-house has gone to decay.\\nThere is a Methodist church in the townsliip.\\nThe Rev. Samuel Eakin, the pastor of the Presbyterian church\\nin the American revolution, was an extraordinary man, and con-\\nsidered scarcely inferior to the celebrated Whitefield. He was a\\nstrong whig, and the idol of the soldiers. Wherever there were\\nmilitary trainings, or an order issued for the soldiers to march, he\\nwas, if in his power, always there to address them, and by his elo-\\nquence would excite their emotions of patriotism to the highest\\npitch.\\nPILESGROVE.\\nThis township derived its name from James Piles, anciently a\\nlar?e landholder here. It is 8 miles long, 5 broad, and is bounded\\nNE. by Woolwich. Gloucester co. SW. by Mannington, and Upper\\nAlloways creek SE. by Pittsgrove, and NW. by Upper Penn s\\nNeck. The surface is level, and soil clay and loam, and produc-\\ntive in wheat, rye, oats, and corn. Pop. in 1830, 2,150 in 1840,\\n2,477.\\nWoodstown derives its name from Jackanias Wood, an early\\nsettler. It is on the north bank of Salem river, 9 miles iVE. of\\nSalem. It contains about 100 dwellings, 6 stores. 2 Friends meet-\\ning-houses, 1 Baptist. 1 Methodist, and 1 African Methodist church.\\nThe lands in this region have been much improved within the last", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0442.jp2"}, "441": {"fulltext": "SALEM COUNTY.\\n431\\n12 years by the use of marl, which abounds here. In the marl-pits,\\nnear the village, sharks teeth and the bones of the fossil crocodile\\nare found. The public building shown on the left of the engraving\\nis the Friends meeting-house, a substantial brick edifice. The\\nlarge tree in the road, fronting the dwelling beyond, now going to\\ndecav, was standing in the American revolution. According to\\nCentral View in Woodstown.\\ntradition, a party of British soldiers once stacked their arms against\\nits trunk. The township was principally settled by Friends. In\\n1726 a meeting was established at Woodstown by David Davis,\\nand others. Sharptown, on Salem river, 2\\\\ miles west of Woods-\\ntown, has a Methodist cjiurch and about 50 dwellings. Eldridge s\\nHill, 1 mile NE. of Woodstown, contains a few dwellings.\\nPITTSGROVE.\\nThis township was formed from Pilesgrove, and named after Sir\\nWilliam Pitt. It is 12 miles long, 6| broad; and is bounded N.\\nby Franklin and Woolwich, (Gloucester co.,) S. by Deerfield, (Cum-\\nberland co.,) and U. Alloway s creek, E. by Millville, (Cumberland\\nco..) and N. by Pilesgrove. It is centrally distant from Salem 16\\nmiles. Large quantities of sumach-leaves are annually gathered\\nin this township, dried, pulverized, and sent to market. Land for-\\nmerly considered nearly valueless, and thrown out in common,\\nhas become, within the last few years, among the best, by the use\\nof marl of an excellent quality. There are in the township 6\\nstores, 1 woollen fac, 5 grist-m., 3 saw-m. 7 schools, 270 scholars.\\nPop. 2,390.\\nPittstown, Centreville, and Daretown are small villages in this\\ntownship. The Presbyterian church was the first established in\\nthe township. It was organized 30th of April, 1741. Their pastor", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0443.jp2"}, "442": {"fulltext": "432 SALEM COUNTY.\\nwas the Rev. David Evans, a native of Wales. The covenant\\nwas signed by the following members, believed to have been heads\\nof families\\nIsaac Vanmeter, Francis Tully, Richard Sparks,\\nn^ Henry Vanmeter, Jeremiah Garrison, John Craig,\\nCornelius Newkirk, Eleazer Smith, William Miller,\\nAbraham Newkirk, William Alderman, Peter Haws,\\nBarnet Dubois, Hugh Moore, James Dunlap,\\nLewis Dubois, John Rose, Jacob Dubois, jr.\\nNathaniel Tarbel, Simon Sparks, Joshua Garrison,\\nGarrell Dubois, Thomas Sparks, Joast Miller.\\nJohn Miller,\\nThe successors to the Rev. David Evans were Nehemiah Garri-\\nson, William Schenck, Glassbrook, Isaac Foster, Lay-\\ncock, Carll, Clark. Geo. W. Janvier. A Baptist church\\nwas founded about the year 1 743, by several families, who emi-\\ngrated from New England such were the Reeds, Elwells, Cheese-\\nmans, Paullins, and Wallaces. The Rev. Mr. Kelsey took the over-\\nsight of the congregation. After Mr. Kelsey left, Mr. Sutton, and\\nother ministers, afforded occasional supplies. Rev. William Worth\\nthen took the charge, and the congregation increased considerably\\nunder his ministration, until he became deeply engaged in land\\nspeculations, in the back country and, the opinion becoming cur-\\nrent that he had become tinctured with Universalism, the congre-\\ngation dwindled away almost to nothing. The constituents were\\nJohn Mayhew, Esq., Jacob Elwell, John Dickinson, Cornelius Aus-\\ntin, Samuel Brick, and their families.\\nSALEM.\\nSalem, the seat of justice for the county, is on the east bank of\\nSalem river, 3} miles from its mouth, 65 miles S. of Trenton, and\\n34 SE. of Philadelphia. The township is level, in form nearly cir-\\ncular, and about 2 miles in diameter. It is bounded on the N. and\\nE. by Mannington, S. by Elsinborough, and W. by Elsinborough\\nand Lower Penn s Neck.\\nOn the right of the engraving is the jail, a plain stuccoed build-\\ning. The brick edifice, with a cupola, is the courthouse and the\\nsmall building, partially seen in the distance, is the clerk s office.\\nThere are 8 houses for divine worship in the town, viz 2 Friends,\\n1 Episcopal, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 2 African\\nMethodist. A large Gothic structure, formerly used as a masonic\\nhall, stands in the central part of the village. There are also in\\nthe town the Salem Bank, a market, 2 fire-engines, 2 public libra-\\nries, a lyceum, an academy, a newspaper printing-office, 17 stores,\\n3 hotels, and about 250 dwellings. Population, in 1830, was 1,570\\nin 1840, 2,006. Salem is well built, the houses neat, the streets", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0444.jp2"}, "443": {"fulltext": "SALEM COUNTY.\\n433\\nbeautified with trees, and its general appearance thriving and\\npleasant. Considerable business is done here, and a daily commu-\\nnication had, by steamers and stages, with Philadelphia.\\nView of the County Buildings, Salem.\\nAlthough the first successful settlement made in the state, by the\\nEnglish, was in Elizabethtown, in 1665, yet the first attempt at\\nsettlement by them was made in this vicinity. In 1641, some Eng-\\nlish families, (probably emigrants from New Haven, Conn.,) em-\\nbracing about 60 persons, settled on Ferken s creek, (now Salem.)\\nAbout this period, the Swedes bought of the Indians the whole dis-\\ntrict from Cape May to Raccoon creek and, in order to unite these\\nEnglish with the Swedes, the Swedish governor, Printz, who ar-\\nrived from Sweden the year after, (1642,) was to act kindly and\\nfaithfully toward them and as these English expected soon, by\\nfurther arrivals, to increase their numbers to several hundreds, and\\nseemed also willing to be subjects of the Swedish government, he was\\nto receive them under allegiance, though not without endeavoring\\nto effect their removal. In 1654, the Swedes were compelled to\\nyield their possessions on the Delaware to the Dutch, and they in turn\\nsubmitted to the English, soon after the reduction of New Amster-\\ndam, (New York,) in 1664.\\nIn 1664, the Duke of York conveyed to John, Lord Berkeley, and\\nSir George Carteret, the province of New Jersey. The claim of\\nLord Berkeley was then an undivided half, subsequently known as\\nWest Jersey; which was, in 1673, purchased for \u00c2\u00a31,000, by John\\nFenwick and Edward Byllinge, members of the society of Friends.\\nThe conveyance was executed to Fenwick, in trust for Byllinge.\\nThis tract was afterward divided into 100 parts, called tenths; nine\\nof which belonged to the latter, and one to the former.\\nIn 1675, says Smith, Fenwick set sail to visit the new pur-\\nchase, in a ship, from London, called the Griffith. Arriving after\\na good passage, he landed at a pleasant, rich spot, situate near\\n55", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0445.jp2"}, "444": {"fulltext": "434 SALEM COUNTY.\\nDelaware, by him called Salem probably from the peaceable as-\\npect it then bore. He brought over with him three daughters,\\nElizabeth, Anna, and Priscilla also John Adams, the husband to\\nElizabeth, with three children, Elizabeth, Fenwick, and Mary.\\nAlso Edward Chamneys, the husband of Priscilla, with two chil-\\ndren, John and Mary with his ten servants, viz Robert Turner,\\nGervas Bywater, William Wilkinson, Joseph Worth, Michael\\nEaton, Eleanor Geere, Ruth Geere, Zachariah Geere, Sarah Hutch-\\nins, and Ann Parsons. The servants of Edward Chamneys were\\nMark Reeve, Edward Webb, and Elizabeth Waites.\\nFenwick, well knowing that it would greatly advance his interest here if he could ef.\\nfeet a purchase in a friendly and peaceable manner with the natives, convened their\\nchiefs, and a contract was entered into with them for the sale of all their right and title\\nto the lands now known by the name of Salem and Cumberland counties.\\nThe first purchase was for the lands included within Salem and Old-man s creeks,\\nwhich creeks were called by the Indians Mosacksa and Forcus. The grant to these\\nlands was made by the chiefs Tospaminkey and Hcnaminkey.\\nThe second purchase was for all the lands lying between Forcus creek, (or, as it was\\nafterward called, Game creek, or Fenwick s river, and now Salem creek,) and the Can-\\nahockink creek, now called Cohansey and by some of the first settlers it was called\\nCohanzick, from a chief who resided on the south side thereof. This grant was from the\\nchiefs whose names were Mahoppony, Allaways, Necomis and his mother Necosshehes-\\nco, Myhoppony, and Shuccotery. Of all the water-courses within the county of Salem,\\nonly the names of six are recollected which at this day retain their primitive or Indian\\nnames they are 1st, the Allaways 2d, the Necomis, the run at the side of which\\nare the marl-pits now the property of John Dickenson, Esq., near Sharptown 3d, the\\nMahoppony that branch of Pledger s creek opposite to Clayton Wistar a house, and on\\nwhich there was formerly a tide-mill 4th, the Mackinippuck, on which Richard See-\\nley s mill stands, 2 miles NW. of Greenwich 5th, the Manimuska, the branch on\\nwhich is built the village of Port Elizabeth 6th, a small branch of Morris river, called\\nMenantico, situate about half way between Millville and Port Elizabeth.\\nThe third purchase was from the Canahockink, now Cohansey, to the Wahatquenack,\\nnow Morris river. The grantors were, Mahawskey, Mohut, who styles himself the king,\\nNewsego, Chechenaham, Torucho, and Shacanmn. So far as information has been ob-\\ntained, the tract of country included within the bounds of Old-man s creek and Morris\\nriver, was purchased from these chiefs for the following-described goods, viz 4 guns,\\npowder, and lead 10J ankers of rum, equal to about 336 gallons some shirts, shoes,\\nand stockings 4 blankets 16 match-coats 1 piece of match coating, and other Eng-\\nlish goods. This purchase was made in the years 1675 and 76.\\nEmigrants were now arriving, and Fenwick having become the chief proprietor of this\\nlarge tract of country, which he called Fenwick s colony, sales were rapidly made of\\nlarge as well as small tracts of land, and so continued until his death, which took place\\nbetween the months of August, 1683, and April, 1684.\\nThe following is extracted From the First General Order, as\\nagreed upon by Fenwick and the first purchasers\\nAnd as for the settling of the town of New Salem, it is likewise ordered that the town\\nbe divided by a street that the SE. side be for the purchasers, who are to take their lots\\nof 16 acres as they come to take them up and plant them, as they happen to join to the\\nlots of the purchasers resident, who are to hold their present plantations, and all of them\\nto be accounted as part of their purchases and the other part, on the N. and by E. and\\nby S., is to be disposed of by the chief proprietor for the encouragement of trade, he\\nalso giving, for the good of the town in general, the field of marsh that lieth between the\\ntown and Goodchild s plantation and,\\nLastly, we do leave all other things concerning the setting forth and surveying the said\\npurchases, unto the chief proprietor, to order as he sees fit.\\nSigned accordingly, the 25th day of the 4th month, 1676. Fenwick.\\nEdward Wade, John Smith, Richard Noble, Saml. Nicholson, John Addams, Hypo-\\nlite Lefevre, Edward Champnes, Richard Whitacar, William Malster, Robert Wade.", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0446.jp2"}, "445": {"fulltext": "SALEM COUNTY. 435\\nIMPROVEMENTS AND TRADE IN THE COUNTRY.\\nTide-mills and Wind-mills. Many of the emigrants brought out with them hand,\\nmills for the purpose of grinding their grain, but the settlers soon found it essential to\\ntheir existence to turn their attention to the immediate erection of grist and saw mills.\\nAccordingly, there was a horse-mill erected for the grinding of grain, near what is now\\ncalled Kent s corner, in the upper part of the town of Salem. Of water-mills, the first\\nkind made use of were tide-mills. They were located in this now called Salem county,\\nin several places, such as at Mill creek, in Elsinborough, Mill-hollow, near Salem, Ma-\\nhoppony creek, in Mannington, formerly Hill Smith s, Cooper s creek, in Beesley s Neck,\\non the south side of Allaways creek, and at Carney s point, in Upper Penn s Neck.\\nThere were also 3 wind-mills, one near the old wharf in Salem, in Bradway-st., another\\nat Kinseyville, in Penn s Neck, and the third on the farm of Samuel L.James, Esq. The\\nfirst saw-mill was erected by William Hampton, in the year 1682.\\nSalem a Port of Entry. Salem, about the year 1682, by the increase of population,\\nhad, by this time, become a place of some foreign trade, so much so, that it was made\\na port of entry for vessels entering and clearing therefrom, by exacting from all vessels\\nunder 100 tons, one shilling for entering and one shilling for clearing, and all vessels of\\nmore than 100 tons, double that amount.\\nMarket. The same year, a weekly market was by law to be held on every Tuesday,\\nnear what we now call the old wharf, then called the tower landing, and which had been\\nheretofore designated for the market-place. The grain, provisions, and other articles\\nbrought into the town, must be carried there, and no sale take place before 11 o clock\\nand should any person buy any goods or provisions before that hour, any informer caus-\\ning the offender to be convicted of the offence, would receive the half, and the other half\\ngo for the public use.\\nFairs. Fairs were established by law, to be held in Salem on the 1st and 2d May,\\nand the 20th and 21st October, annually, at which all persons were at liberty to buy and\\nsell all manner of lawful goods, wares, and merchandise, and also were to be free from.\\narrest for the two fair days, and for two days before and two days after the fair. But\\nafter some time this privilege came to be abused, so much so, that a town meeting was\\nhfild on the 15th April, 1698 It being then taken into consideration, that since fairs\\nhave been held in this town, that foreigners do flock from other parts, not only of this\\ncounty, but of the neighboring province, do sell liquor by retail during the time of such\\nfairs, thereby encroaching upon the privilege of the inhabitants of this town, who only\\nare authorized, and none else, to sell by retail as aforesaid\\nBe it therefore enacted, that no person or persons, from and after the date hereof, do\\npresume to sell liquors by retail during the time of the fairs, so held or to be holden,\\neither at the place of the fairs, or within the limits thereof, but the inhabitants of this\\ntown only. And that whosoever persons presuming, contrary to this act, to sell liquors\\nas aforesaid, shall, upon information, be found guilty of the said breach, shall forfeit\\nall liquors found in his custody at the said place of fair, or anywhere within the limits of\\nthis town or creek, to be seized by virtue of a warrant from the burgess of this town\\nwhereof one half of the said goods is to be allowed to the informer, and the other half to\\nthe burgess.\\nSigned, with consent of the meeting, nemine contradicente.\\nWm. Hall, Burgess.\\nSalem Incorporated. In 1695, the town of Salem became incorporated, and the office\\nof burgess was created, by which that officer was clothed with authority to hear and de-\\ntermine causes under 40 shillings, was empowered to grant tavern licenses, and revoke\\nthem as he might see fit, and to punish all persons who might be convicted before him\\nof rudeness, profaneness, and vicious practices. The office of burgess was continued\\nfrom 1693 to 1703. In the month of March, 1693, the officers first chosen under their\\nact of incorporation, were John Worledge, burgess, Benjamin Acton, recorder, John Jef-\\nfery, bailiff, Richard Johnson, surveyor of the streets, bridges, and banks. All freehold-\\ners were required to be punctual in their attendance at all their meetings. Absentees\\nwere fined from ten pence up to five shillings.\\nThere were five burgesses during the proprietary government of ten years, whose\\nnames were John Worledge, Jonathan Beere, Wm. Hall, Richard Johnson, and Tho-\\nmas Killingsworth.\\nAct passed May 12, 1696. An act to qualify officers icho are not free to take an\\noath. Whereas some persons, out of a principle of conscience, have not freedom to\\ntake oaths Be it enacted by the Governor, with advice of his Council, and consent and\\nagreement of the representatives in this present Assembly, met and assembled, and it", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0447.jp2"}, "446": {"fulltext": "436 SALEM COUNTY.\\nis hereby enacted by the authority of the same, That their not having freedom to take\\noaths shall not disable or incapacitate them for want thereof to hold or enjoy any office\\nof the government within this province, whether magisterial or ministerial, to which he\\nor they are duly elected, nor exclude him or them from any right or privilege which any\\nof his majesty s subjects are capable to enjoy, he or they signing the declaration of fide-\\nlity, and profession of the Christian faith, following, to wit\\nBy virtue and in obedience to the said act of Assembly, we, whose names are sub-\\nscribed, do sincerely promise and solemnly declare, that we will be true and faithful to\\nWilliam, King of England, and the government of this province of West Jersey. And\\nwe do solemnly profess and declare, that we do from our hearts abhor, detest and re-\\nnounce, as impious and heretical, that damnable doctrine, that princes excommunicated\\nor deprived by the Pope, or any authority of the see of Rome, may be deposed or mur-\\nthered by their subjects, or any other whatsoever and we do declare that no foreign\\nprince, prelate, state or potentate, hath or ought to have any power, jurisdiction, supe-\\nriority, pre-eminence or authority, ecclesiastical or spiritual, within this realm.\\nThe Christian Belief. We profess faith in Cod the Father, and in Jesus Christ his\\neternal Son, the true Cod, and in the Holy Spirit, one Cod blessed forevermorc. And\\nwe do acknowledge the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments, to be given\\nby divine inspiration.\\nHere follow the names of the officers of the town of Salem, who subscribed the above\\nfaith or creed.\\nJustices.\\nJonathan Beere, 1697 Reyneer Van Hyst, 1700 John Bacon, 1703\\nRichard Darking, 1698 John Holmes, Thomas Woodruff, 1706\\nObadiah Holmes, 1699 William Rumsey, 1702\\nBurgesses.\\nWilliam Hall, 1697 Richard Johnson, 1699 Saml. Hedge, Jr., 1703\\nJonathan Beere, 1698 Jept. Woodruff, 1700 Thos. Killingsworth, 1706\\nWm. Hall, Recorder. Hugh Middleton, Sheriff, Saml. Hedge, Clerk and Coroner.\\nSaml. Hedge, Recorder, 1702.\\n1697. Fairs were established at Cohansey, and to be held thereon the 24th and 25th\\nApril, and 16th or 17th Obtober, with the same privileges as Salem.\\nVisits and refreshments. In those very early days, neighbors usually paid friendly\\nvisits to each other, with a portion of their family, more generally in the winter than at\\nother seasons of the year. They commonly spent a few hours of the afternoon and a\\npart of the evening together, in the most sociable manner; and while the men would be\\ntalking over their farming affairs, and discussing the market value of the articles they\\nhad for sale, their wives and daughters would not be sitting in silence, but chattering\\nfreely about their yards of homespun linen and linsey woolsey, while their nimble fingers\\ngave rapid motion to their knitting needles for be it known, that in those early times\\nit would have been considered a stigma in a woman to have been sitting idle, while all\\nthe rest were employed in knitting. That kind of innocent and rural amusement af-\\nforded the most perfect zest to their evening s gratification and instead of tea, coffee\\nand chocolate, as the fashion is now-a-days for our usual refreshment, they were regaled\\nwith plenty of good dough-nuts, cheese, fine cider, or home-made beer.\\nAnnexed are the histories of the religious denominations at Sa-\\nlem, from Johnson s History.\\nFriends at Salem. Shortly after Fenwick, and those who were of that denomination\\ncalled Friends, had arrived from England, (which was on or about the 12th December,\\n1675,) and had settled themselves and their families, they resolved to associate together,\\nand organize a meeting to be held in the town of Salem, twice in every week, for divine\\nworship, and also once in each month for church discipline. Among those associators\\nwere John Fenwick, Robert Zane, Saml. Nicholson, Edward Wade, Samuel Hedge,\\nJohn Thompson, John Smith, and Richard Guy. During the first five years of their\\nresidence, they held their religious meetings in private houses. In 1680, they purchased\\na house of Samuel Nicholson, and had it fitted up for their better accommodation. In\\n1700, they erected a brick house on that lot now their burying-ground, at a cost of\\n\u00c2\u00a3415 13s. 24 Z.\\nIn 1772, the Friends found themselves under the necessity of providing more amply", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0448.jp2"}, "447": {"fulltext": "SALEM COUNTY. 437\\nfor their accommodation, and purchased a lot of land fronting on Fenwick street, and\\nopposite to South street, on which they erected the present commodious and extensive\\nbrick, building. The architect was William Ellis.\\nMethodist Episcopal church in Salem. This church was consecrated in 1784. The\\nconstituents were, Henry Firth, Cornelius Mulford, Hugh Smith, John M Claskey, Ben-\\njamin Abbot, Isaac Vaneman, John Murphey, Levi Garrison.\\nSalem Protestant Episcopal church. I cannot say at what precise time the Episco-\\npal church at Salem was instituted, but I have reason to think that worship of that\\norder was held there in a wooden building, a considerable time before the brick building\\nwas erected, which was about the year 1720. I am inclined to believe that Doctor\\nDyer, Doctor Alexander Gaudovitt, John Kidd and William Wetherby were members\\nof the church previous to the erection of the brick building and after that, I am induced\\nto think that the first wardens were Benjamin Veining and Joseph Coleman. There\\nwere other active members, such as George Frenchard, John Holbrook, John Rolph and\\nothers not now recollected.\\nAbout the year 1772, the edifice being much dilapidated, and the wood-work gone to\\ndecay, the congregation resolved upon having it put into a complete state of repair ac-\\ncordingly a committee was appointed to solicit subscriptions to procure such a sum of\\nmoney as might be considered sufficient to complete the work. That committee was\\ncomposed of Edmund Wetherby, Robert Johnson, Thomas Sinnickson and John Carey,\\nEsquires, who contracted with John Maxwell, the carpenter, to complete the building.\\nThe names of ministers who, through the lapse of years, officiated in that church\\nwere, as now recollected, the Rev. Messrs. Coleman, Allen, Pearson, Wixcell, Thomp-\\nson, Parker, Grey, Higby, Cadle, Smith.\\nBaptist church in Salem. At the first settling in and about the town of Salem, there\\nwere but few Baptist families. The most prominent were those of Judges Holmes and\\nKillingsworth, at whose houses their meetings were held. Killingsworth lived on and\\nthen owned the property now in the possession of the Keasbey family and Holmes\\nlived at Allaways Creek, on the farm some years ago belonging to the late Stephen\\nWillis, but now the property of George Hall. After the death of Holmes and Killings-\\nworth, meetings were held by ministers from Cohansey, at the house of Samuel Fogg,\\nnear Quinton s bridge at Daniel Smith s, Edward Quinton s, and Abner Sims In.\\n1743, the Baptist meeting-house was built at Mill-hollow, and in 1757 the church\\nwas constituted, and the following named persons were the constituents, to wit Job\\nSheppard, the honorable Edward Keasbey, Esq., Edward Quinton, Samuel Sims, Daniel\\nSmith, Temperance Quinton, Sarah Sims, Catharine Sheppard, Kerenhappuch Black-\\nwood, Sarah Smith, Prudence Keasbey, Phebe Smith, Rachel Sneathen, and Patience\\nJames. The Rev. Job Sheppard then became their pastor, but lived only two years he\\nleft eleven children, their names were Elnathan, Belbe, Elizabeth, Rebecca, Job, Da-\\nniel, Katharine, Martha, Kesiah, Ruth, and Cumberland. Some of these married into\\nthe families of the Pedricks, Townsends, Grays, Bowens, Mulfords, Kelseys, Matlocks,\\nand have helped materially to populate the township of Allaways Creek. Rev. Mr.\\nSheppard was succeeded by Rev. John Sutton, and he by Rev. Abel Griffith he by\\nWilliam Worth, and he by Rev. Peter Peterson Vanhorn.\\nThe congregation having greatly increased, it was thought necessary to build a new\\nhouse accordingly subscriptions were put into circulation, and that large and commo-\\ndious brick building was erected on York street, in the town of Salem, in 1787 when\\nthe Rev. Dr. Isaac Skillman, a graduate of Princeton college, became their pastor in\\n1791, and so continued until his death. The pulpit was supplied for some time by the\\nRev. Obadiah Brewen Brown, now of Washington city then by Rev. Thomas Brown\\nthen by Rev. Horatio G. Jones then by Rev. Joseph Sheppard.\\nJudge Holmes, spoken of above, died in 1701, leaving four sons, of whom the young-\\nest settled here his name was Benjamin his first wife was a Smart, his second wife\\nan Elgar, by whom he had six children and from them descended several children, and\\nfrom thern the name has been perpetuated to the present time.\\nExtracts from the County Records.\\nThe first court of sessions began at Salem on 17th day of September, 170G.\\nSept. 1609. Court orders, that no ordinary keeper in this county shall be allowed to\\ntrust any transient person, or laborer, or single person, above ten shillings, upon penalty\\nof losing their debts. Grand Jury present that an assessment be laid on the county, for", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0449.jp2"}, "448": {"fulltext": "438 SALEM COUNTY.\\nrepairing courthouse and prison, and finding constables staves, paying for wolf and\\npanthers heads, hawks, woodpeckers, blackbirds and crows the value of .\u00c2\u00a3100 to be\\npaid in money, wheat, butter, or cheese, at money price.\\nJune, 1712. Gregory Empson, attorney. Grand Jury present Edmond Morphey,\\nfor holding John Quinton under the water until almost drowned fined 5s. with costs.\\nDecember, 1713. Timothy Brooks, of Cohan sey, Anabaptist preacher, came into\\ncourt and took the oaths, and signed the declaration according to law, and did acknow-\\nledge and did allow of the thirty-nine articles excepted in an act for exempting her ma-\\njesty s Protestant subjects, dissenting from the Church of England, from the penalties\\nof certain laws made in their majesties reign, May 24, 1689.\\nSeptember, 1713. The grand jury present Eliza Windsor, with force and arms upon\\nthe body of Elizabeth Rumsey, wife of Isaac Rumsey, of Salem, in the peace of God\\nand our said lady the queen, then and there being, an assault did make, and her with a\\npaddle over the head did strike, and also over the neck, and her collar bone did break,\\nto the great damage of the said Elizabeth Rumsey, c.\\nNov. 17, 1716. Mary Hawk, of Cohansey, spinster, was publicly whipped in the\\ntown of Salem, by order of the justices.\\n1727. By order of court, the whipper s fees for whipping at the public whipping-\\npost, be five shillings in the house of correction, two shillings and sixpence.\\n1729. Ruled and ordered by the court, that each respective public house keeper within\\nthis county, take for their several measures of liquors hereafter named as followeth, and\\nno more, viz. For each nib of punch, made with double-refined sugar and one gill and\\na half of rum, ninepence for each nib made with single-refined sugar and one gill and\\na half of rum, eightpence for each nib made of Muscovado sugar and one gill and a\\nhalf of rum, sevenpence for each quart of tiff, made with half a pint of rum in the\\nsame, ninepence for each pint of wine, one shilling for each gill of rum, threepence\\nfor each quart of strong beer, fourpence for each gill of brandy or cordial, dram, six-\\npence for each quart of metheglin, ninepence each quart cider royal, eightpence\\neach quart of cider, fourpence,\\nEatables for men for a hot dinner, eightpence for breakfast or supper, sixpence.\\nFor horses 2 quarts oats, threepence stabling and good hay, each night, sixpence\\npasture, sixpence.\\nDec. Court, 1717. Ordered by the court, that the garret or upper part of the jail be\\nfor the use of a house of correction for the use of said county, and a whipping-post be\\nerected therein.\\n1718 Upon application of Richard Johnson, that Thomas Hill had lodged in his\\nhands, being a magistrate, a remnant of silk, quantity 5\u00c2\u00a3 yards, which the said Thom-\\nas secured with a certain person to him unknown, upon suspicion of the said person be-\\ning a pirate, which person afterwards made his escape from the said Thomas\\nOrdered, That the piece of silk in the hands of Richard Johnson, late sheriff, be de-\\nlivered to John Rolph, Esq., collector of his majesty s custom, to be by him disposed of\\nfor his majesty s use.\\nFebruary, 1733-4. Ordered by the court, that Mary Kelly, for abusing the judge,\\nMr. Acton, in her misbehavior to him in the execution of his office, do receive ten\\nlashes on her bare back, for her contempt, at the public whipping-post.\\nIn the revolutionary struggle, the inhabitants* of this section took\\na decided stand in favor of the whig cause. When the Bostonians\\nwere suffering from the oppressions of General Gage, at a meeting\\nheld Oct. 13th, 1774, by the inhabitants of this county, it was\\nresolved, that Grant Gibbon, Esq., who was known to be one of\\nthe most popular and efficient men of the county, and a patriot in\\nwhom the public had unbounded confidence, be the man who should\\ntake the burthen and trouble in soliciting relief from our people.\\nGibbon succeeded in collecting about $700, a large sum at that\\ntime, which was sent for the relief of the distressed of that city.\\nAmong these were some of the prominent Friends. The following gentlemen, offi-\\ncers of militia, belonged to this society, besides others not recollected, viz Thomas Car-\\npenter, quarter-master, Major Edward Hall, Whitten Cripps, and John Smith, Adjutant.", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0450.jp2"}, "449": {"fulltext": "SOMERSET COUNTY. 439\\nAs mentioned on page 416, of this volume, the enemy from Phil-\\nadelphia made two incursions into this county in the war of the\\nrevolution. Annexed are a few facts from Johnson, additional to\\nthose already given, relating to their entrance into this town.\\nOn Sunday, the 15th March, 1778, Col. Mawhood put his picked regiment on board of\\nhis transports at Philadelphia, and dropped down to Billingsport, and there landed his\\nmen, (the transports went on to Salem, and by them the regiment returned to the city,)\\nand then marched up to the Salem road at Mantua creek bridge, (the only place where he\\ncould cross the creek,) where he was opposed on Monday, the 16th of March, by Capt.\\nSamuel Hugg, with his artillery, and other of our militia the names of several from our\\ncounty now recollected, were, Parker, Barrett, David Wctherington, John Cams, and the\\nvenerable James Johnson, who died but a few years ago. In that skirmish two or three\\nof the enemy were killed.\\nOur people then retreated, until they came to the farm now the property of Mr. Ton-\\nkins, where they halted, and cannonaded the enemy. That estate then belonged to Dr.\\nOtto, who was a colonel. The British burnt all his property during the fight, and, as a\\nmonument to that skirmish, there stood but a few years ago a large black oak tree in the\\nmiddle of the road, and nearly opposite to the house of Tonkins, with the marks of the\\ncannon shot visible upon it. Our people being overpowered by numbers, filed of? from\\nthe main road, and gave up the contest.\\nAfter the fight at Doctor Otto s, the enemy came down and encamped for the night\\nnear Sharptown, and came into Salem early in the forenoon.\\nSlavery. There is reason to suppose there were slaves in the families of the early\\nSwedish settlers in this county. And there is no doubt the Dutch imported and sold\\nthem wherever they could find purchasers. After the English came, considerable num.\\nbers were imported from the West Indies, and disposed as merchandise to the agricul-\\nturists. As early as 1696, the Friends in their yearly meetings brought the subject of\\ntrading in negroes before their society, and to their credit it is believed, were the first re-\\nligious sect that advised its members to desist from and discourage the future importa\\ntion of them. From about that time the traffic in slaves became the subject of notice\\nin their annual meetings, until about the year 1758, when they passed a resolution de- I\\nnying the right of membership to any of their people who should persist in detaining a\\nfellow-creature in bondage after that time but the resolution was not strictly complied\\nwith until many years afterward.\\nSOMERSET COUNTY.\\nSomerset, the most central county in the state, was early settled\\nby the Dutch, and set off from Middlesex co., in 1688. In the pre-\\namble to the act, it was stated Forasmuch as the uppermost\\npart of the Raritan river is settled by persons whom, in their hus-\\nbandry and manuring their land, forced upon quite different ways\\nand methods from the other farmers and inhabitants of Middlesex,\\nbecause of the frequent floods that carry away their fences on the\\nmeadows, the only arable land they have, and so by consequence\\nof their interest is divided from the other inhabitants of the said\\ncounty Be it therefore enacted, c. Its bounds have been al-\\ntered at different times, and in 1838, by the formation of Mercer\\nco., when the S. portion of Nottingham township was annexed to\\nthat county. Somerset co. is about 25 m. long, with an average", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0451.jp2"}, "450": {"fulltext": "440 SOMERSET COUXTY.\\nbreadth of about 15 m.. and is bounded N. by Morris eo.. E. by\\nBss and Middlesex. S. by Mercer eo.. and W. by Hunterdon co.\\nIt is well watered by the Raritan and its branches. The Delaware\\nand Raritan canal enters at its SE. corner, and following up the\\nvallev of the Millstone river to its junction with the Raritan. there\\npursues the valley of that river to New Brunswick. The surface of\\nthe county is diversified the central and SE. portion tolerably level,\\nthe S. and SW. hilly, and the XE. quite mountainous. The soil of\\nthe hills is mostly clay and stirf loam, the plains sandy loam, and\\nthe mountain valleys limestone. The county is generally fertile,\\nparticularly in the valleys, and produces a variety of crops. It is\\ndivided into the following seven townships\\nBedminster. Bernard. Bridgewater, Franklin.\\nHillsborough. Montgomery. Warren.\\nSomerset co. had in 1S10. a population of 14.7QS in 1820,\\n1 508: in 1830, 17,689: in 1840. 17,451.\\nBEDMINSTER.\\nThis township is about 7 m. long, by 4 m. wide, and is bounded\\nX. by r and Mendham, Morris co., E. by Bernard. S. and\\nSW. by Bridgewater. andW. byReadington and Tewksbury. Hun-\\nterdon co. There are in the township 5 saw-m., 6 grist-m., 9\\nschools. 254 scholars. Pop. 1.\\nIt is well watered by the N. branch of Raritan. Lamington river,\\nand their tributaries. Its surface is hilly, soil fertile, and well-\\ncultivated. Lamington. Pepack, Little Cross Roads, and Greater\\n.re small settlements, neither of which contains over\\n12 or 15 dwellings. At the first is a Presbyterian, and near the\\ni Reformed Dutch church.\\nPluckamin. in the S. part of the township, 6 m. NW. of Somer-\\nville, lies at the base of a high mountain, from the summit of which\\nis a very extensive view of a large extent of fertile country. There\\nare here, a tavern, 2 stores, a :al mechanics, an academy, a\\nMethodist church, and 35 dwellings. This was a noted place in\\nthe war of the revolution. On the 4th of Jan.. 1777. the day after\\nthe battle of Princeton, the American army, then on their march\\nto Morristown. halted here. In the winter of 177S-9. part of the\\nAmerican army lay at this place.\\nIn the village burying-ground is the grave of the gallant Capt.\\nLeslie, of the British army, who fell mortally wounded at the bat-\\ntle of Princeton. The particulars of the death of this unfortunate\\nofficer, are thus given in the Cnstis s Recollections of the Life of\\n-hington:\\nis while the commander-in-chief reined up his horse upon approaching the spot\\nin a .rre h.y the grallant CoL Harslet mortally wounded, that he per-\\ni wounded officer, and upon inquiring his name", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0452.jp2"}, "451": {"fulltext": "SOMERSET COUNTY.\\n441\\nand rank, was answered Capt. Leslie. Dr. Benjamin Rush, who formed a part of the\\ngeneral s suite, earnestly asked, A son of the Earl of Leven to which the soldiera\\nreplied in the affirmative. The doctor then addressed the general-in-chief I beg your\\nexcellency to permit this wounded officer to be placed under my care, that I may return,\\nin however small a degree, a part of the obligations I owe to his worthy father for the\\nmany kindnesses received at his hands while I was a student at Edinburgh. The re-\\nquest was immediately granted; but, alas poor Leslie was soon past all surgery.\\nHe died the same evening, after receiving every possible kindness and attention, and was\\nburied the next day at Pluckamin, with the honors of war. His troops, as they lowered\\nhis remains to the soldier s last rest, shed tears over the remains of a much-loved com-\\nmander.\\nA plain monument marks the spot, bearing the following in-\\nscription\\nIn Memory of the\\nHon. Capt. WILLIAM LESLIE,\\nof the 17th British Regiment,\\nson of the Earl of Leven,\\nin Scotland.\\nHe fell January 3d, 1777, aged\\n26 years, at the Battle of\\nPRINCETON.\\nHis friend, Benj. Rush, M. D., of\\nPhiladelphia,\\nhath caused this stone\\nto be erected, as a mark\\nof his esteem for his\\nworth, and respect for\\nhis noble family.\\nTwo days after the battle, Gen. Washington (says Wilkinson, in\\nhis Memoirs) sent his aid, Col. Fitzgerald, into the British camp\\nwith a flag of truce. He was courteously received, and introduced\\nto the principal officers. The recital of Capt. Leslie s death, and\\nthe respect with which his body had been treated, affected one of\\nthe British generals so sensibly, that he retired to a window and\\nshed tears and when Col. Fitzgerald returned, he sent his acknow-\\nledgments to Washington.\\nThe annexed account of the celebration at this place, Feb. 18th,\\n1779, of the anniversary of the alliance with France, was published\\nat the time\\nThe anniversary of our alliance with France was celebrated on the 18th ultimo, at\\nPluckemin, at a very elegant entertainment and display of fireworks, given by General\\nKnox, and the officers of the corps of artillery. It was postponed to this late day on ac-\\ncount of his Excellency General Washington s absence from camp. General Washing-\\nton, the principal officers of the army, Mrs. Washington, Mrs. Greene, Mrs. Knox, and\\nthe ladies and gentlemen, for a large circuit around the camp, were of the company.\\nBesides these, there was a vast concourse of spectators from every part of the Jerseys.\\nThe barracks of the artillery are at a small distance from Pluckemin, on a piece of\\nrising ground, which shows them to great advantage. The entertainment and ball were\\nheld at the academy of the Park. About four o clock in the afternoon, the celebration\\n56", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0453.jp2"}, "452": {"fulltext": "442 SOMERSET COUNTY.\\nof the ALLIANCE was announced by the discharge of thirteen cannon, when the com-\\npany assembled in the academy to a very elegant dinner. The room was spacious, and\\nthe tables very prettily disposed, both as to prospect and convenience. The festivity was\\nuniversal, and the toasts descriptive of the happy event, which had given certainty to our\\nliberties, empire, and independence. In the evening was exhibited a very fine set of fire-\\nworks, conducted by Col. Stevens, arranged on the point of a temple, one hundred feet\\nin length, and proportionally high. The temple showed thirteen arches, each display-\\ning an illuminated painting. The centre arch was ornamented with a pediment, larger\\nthan any of the others and the whole edifice supported by a colonnade of the Corinthian\\norder.\\nThe illuminated paintings were disposed in the following order\\nThe 1st arch, on the right, represented the commencement of hostilities at Lexington,\\nwith this inscription The scene opened.\\n2d, British clemency. Represented in the burning of Charlestown, Falmouth, Nor-\\nfolk, and Kingston.\\n3d, The separation of America from Britain. A magnificent arch broken in the centre,\\nwith this motto By your tyranny to the people of America you have separated the\\nwide arch of an extended empire.\\n4th, Britain represented as a decaying empire, by a barren country, broken arches,\\nfallen spires, ships deserting its shores, birds of prey hovering over its mouldering cities,\\nand a gloomy setting sun. Motto\\nThe Babylonian spires are sunk,\\nAchaia, Rome, and Egypt mouldered down\\nTime shakes the stable tyranny of thrones,\\nAnd tottering empires crush by their own weight.\\n5th, America represented as a rising empire. Prospect of a fertile country, harbors\\nand rivers covered with ships, new canals opening, cities arising amidst woods, splendid\\nsun emerging from a bright horizon. Motto\\nNew worlds are still emerging from the deep,\\nThe old descending in their turns to rise.\\n6th, A grand illuminated representation of LOUIS the sixteenth. The encourager of\\nletters, the supporter of the rights of humanity, the ally and friend of the American people.\\n7th, The centre arch. The Fathers in Congress. Motto: Nil desperandum\\nreipublicfe.\\n8th, The American Philosopher and Ambassador extracting lightning from the clouds.\\n9th, The battle near Saratoga, 7th Oct., 1777.\\n10th, The Convention of Saratoga.\\n11th, A representation of the sea-fight, off Ushant, between Count D Orvilliers and\\nAdmiral Keppie.\\n12th, Warren, Montgomery, Mercer, Wooster, Nash, and a crowd of heroes who have\\nfallen in the American contest, in Elysium, receiving the thanks and praises of Brutus,\\nCato, and those spirits who in all ages have gloriously struggled against tyrants and\\ntyranny. Motto Those who shed their blood in such a cause shall live and reign for-\\never.\\n13th, Represented peace, with all her train of blessings. Her right hand displaying\\nan olive branch at her feet lay the honors of harvest the background was filled with\\nflourishing cities ports crowded with ships, and other emblems of an extensive empire\\nand unrestrained commerce.\\nWhen the fireworks were finished, the company returned to the academy, and con-\\ncluded the celebration by a very splendid ball.\\nThe whole was conducted in a style and manner that reflects great honor on the taste\\nof the managers.\\nThe news announced to congress from the Spanish branch of the house of Bourbon,\\narriving at the moment of celebration, nothing could have so opportunely increased the\\ngood-humor of the company, or added to those animated expressions of pleasure which\\narose on the occasion.\\nBERNARD.\\nThis township is about eight miles long, six broad, and is bound-\\ned N. by Mendham, Morris co. E. by Morris, Morris co., from", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0454.jp2"}, "453": {"fulltext": "SOMERSET COUNTY. 443\\nwhich it is separated by the Raritan river SE. by Warren, SW.\\nby Bridgewater, and W. by the north branch of Raritan, which\\ndivides it from Bedminster. The face of the township is generally\\nmountainous or hilly, and the soil fertile and under good cultivation.\\nIt has 1 fulling-m., 9 saw-m., 5 grist-m., 2 woollen fac, 4 tanneries\\ncap. in manufac. $37,939 7 schools, 231 scholars. Pop. 2,059.\\nLiberty Corners, 8 miles NE. of Somerville, is a village contain-\\ning 1 temperance tavern, 2 stores, a grist and saw mill, about 20\\ndwellings, and a Presbyterian church, erected in 1838. Logtown,\\nVealtown, and Millington, are hamlets. Baskingridge, 12 miles\\nNE. of Somerville, and 8 SW. of Morristown, is a place of some\\nhistoric interest, and is noted for the prominent men who here have\\nhad their dwelling-place. It is beautifully situated on a high ridge\\ncommanding an extensive prospect to the east, overlooking a large\\ntract of lowland in the adjoining county, known as the Morris co.\\nSwamp. It contains 4 stores, several mechanics, an academy, a\\nPresbyterian church, and 40 dwellings. The academy was for-\\nmerly in high repute when under the care of the Rev. Dr. Brownlee\\nand Rev. Dr. Finley.\\nBaskingridge was early settled by Scotch Presbyterians, and a\\nlog church erected about the year 1700. In 1749, a wooden struc-\\nture was built. In 1839, this was destroyed, and the present ele-\\ngant brick church, ornamented by a handsome spire, was erected\\non its site. The Rev. John Cross, supposed to have been a native\\nof Ireland, was the first settled clergyman. He was succeeded by\\nthe Rev. Mr. Lamb, who died in 1749, and in 1751 his place was\\nfilled by the Rev. Samuel Kennedy, a distinguished Scotch divine,\\nwho continued until his decease in 1787. In 1795 the celebrated\\nDr. Finley, the projector of the African colonization scheme, took\\nthe pastoral charge, and remained until 1817, when he accepted the\\noffice of President of Athens College, Georgia. The year after, the\\nRev. Dr. Brownlee, the well-known controversialist, came here and\\nremained until he was appointed a professor in Rutgers College.\\nFrom 1820 to 1834, the clerical office was filled by the Rev. John\\nC. Vandervort. He was succeeded by the Rev. John Anderson, and\\nhe in turn, in 1836, by the Rev. Oscar Harris, its present pastor.\\nThe annexed is a view of the house where Gen. Charles Lee, who\\nranked next to Washington in. the army, was taken prisoner by a\\nparty of British cavalry under Col. Harcourt. It is on rising\\nground, at the SE. entrance of the village. At that time it was a\\ntavern kept by Mrs. White, a widow lady, and went by the name\\nof White s Tavern? It has since been somewhat altered, and is\\nnow occupied as a private dwelling.\\nThis event took place on the morning of Dec. 13, 1776, a few\\ndays after Washington s retreat through New Jersey to the western\\nbank of the Delaware. Lee had been frequently ordered to join\\nthe main army with his troops. He slowly obeyed, rather manifest-\\ning to act independently and annoy the rear of the British army\\nand in opposition to the judgment of Washington, he proposed to", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0455.jp2"}, "454": {"fulltext": "444\\nSOMERSET COUNTY.\\nestablish himself at Morristown. On being again urged, he was\\nreluctantly proceeding towards the Delaware, when he was taken\\nprisoner. At this time his troops lay at Vealtown, two miles distant\\nbut he had with him a small guard as a protection to his person.\\nGeneral Lee s Quarters, Baskingridge.\\nThe following detailed account of this event is given by General\\nJames Wilkinson, in his Memoirs, who was with Lee at this time.\\nGeneral Lee wasted the morning in altercation with certain militia corps who were of\\nhis command, particularly the Connecticut Light. horse,* several of whom appeared in\\nlarge full-bottomed perukes, and were treated very irreverently. The call of the adju-\\ntant-general for orders also occupied some of his time, and we did not sit down to break-\\nfast before 10 o clock. Gen. Lee was engaged in answering Gen. Gates letter, and I had\\nrisen from the table, and was looking out of an end widow, down a lane about one hun-\\ndred yards in length, which led to the house from the main road, when I discovered a\\nparty of British troops turn the corner of the avenue at full charge. Startled at this un-\\nexpected spectacle, I exclaimed, Here, sir, are the British cavalry Where re-\\nplied the general, who had signed the letter in the instant. Around the house for\\nthey had opened files and encompassed the building. General Lee appeared alarmed,\\nyet collected, and his second observation marked his self-possession Where is the\\nguard d n the guard, why dont they fire and after a momentary pause, he turned\\nto me and said, Do, sir, see what has become of the guard The women of the house\\nat this moment entered the room, and proposed to him to conceal himself in a bed, which\\nhe rejected with evident disgust. I caught up the pistols which lay on the table, thrust\\nthe letter he had been writing into my pocket, and passed into a room at the opposite\\nend of the house, where I had seen the guard in the morning. Here I discovered their\\narms, but the men were absent. I stepped out of the door, and perceived the dragoons\\nchasing them in different directions,t and receiving a very uncivil salutation, I returned\\ninto the house.\\nOne wanted forage, another his horse shod, another his pay, and a fourth his pro-\\nvisions, c, to which the general replied, Your wants are numerous but you have not\\nmentioned the last you want to go home, and shall be indulged, for you do no good\\nhere.\\nt A respectable elderly ladj T now a resident of Baskingridge, (July, 1842,) and who\\nat the time Lee was taken lived in this vicinity, states that two of the guard retreated\\nabout 40 rods in a northwesterly direction. They were pursued, overtaken, and refusing\\nto surrender, were killed. The cavalry, from fear of alarming the American troops in\\nthe vicinity, by tire report of their fire-arms, used their sabres only, and hacked them so\\nterribly that it was found very difficult to remove their bodies to the graveyard, and\\nthey were put in boxes and interred in the field where they fell. Note by the compilers\\nof the Hist. Collections.", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0456.jp2"}, "455": {"fulltext": "SOMERSET COUNTY. 445\\nToo inexperienced immediately to penetrate the motives of this enterprise, I considered\\nthe rencontre accidental, and from the terrific tales spread over the country, of the vio-\\nlence and barbarity of the enemy, I believed it to be a wanton murdering party, and de-\\ntermined not to die without company. I accordingly sought a position where I could\\nnot be approached by more than one person at a time, and with a pistol in each hand, I\\nawaited the expected search, resolved to shoot the first and the second person who\\nmight appear, and then to appeal to my sword. I did not long remain in this unpleasant\\nsituation, but was apprized of the object of the incursion by the very audible declaration,\\nIf the General does not surrender in Jive minutes, I will set fire to the house\\nwhich, after a short pause, was repeated with a solemn oath and within two minutes I\\nheard it proclaimed, Here is the General, he has surrendered. A general shout en-\\nsued, the trumpet sounded the assembly, and the unfortunate Lee, mounted on my\\nhorse, which stood ready at the door, was hurried off in triumph, bareheaded, in his slippers\\nand blanket-coat, his collar open, and his shirt very much soiled from several days use.\\nWhat a lesson of caution is to be derived from this event, and how important the ad-\\nmonition furnished by it What an evidence of the caprice of fortune, of the fallibility\\nof ambitious projects, and the inscrutable ways of Heaven The capture of General\\nLee was felt as a public calamity it cast a gloom over the country, and excited general\\nsorrow. This sympathy was honorable to the people, and due to the stranger who had\\nembarked his fortune with theirs, and determined to share their fate, under circumstances\\nof more than common peril. Although this misfortune deprived the country of its most\\nexperienced chief, I have ever considered the deprivation a public blessing, ministered\\nby the hand of Providence for if Gen. Lee had not abandoned caution for convenience,\\nand taken quarters two miles from his army, on his exposed flank, he would have been\\nsafe if a domestic traitor,* who passed his quarters the same morning on private busi-\\nness, had not casually fallen in with Col. Harcourt, on a reconnoitering party, the gene-\\nral s quarters would not have been discovered if my visit and the controversy with the\\nConnecticut Light-horse had not spun out the morning unseasonably, the General would\\nhave been at his camp; if Col. Harcourt had arrived an hour sooner, he would have\\nfound the guardt under arms, and would have been repulsed, or resisted until succor\\ncould have arrived if he had arrived half an hour later the General would have been\\nwith his corps if the guard had paid ordinary attention to their duty, and had not\\nabandoned their arms, the General s quarters would have been defended or if he had\\nobeyed the peremptory and reiterated orders of General Washington, he would have\\nbeen beyond the reach of the enemy. And shall we impute to blind chance, such a\\nchain of rare incidents I conscientiously reply in the negative because the combi-\\nnation was too intricate and perplexed for accidental causes, or the agency of man. It\\nmust have been designed So soon as Lieutenant Col. Harcourt retreated with\\nhis prize, I repaired to the stable, mounted the first horse I could find, and rode full\\nspeed to General Sullivan, whom I found under march toward Pluckamin.\\nOne mile southeast of Baskingridge formerly stood the mansion\\nand farm of Lord Stirling. His country seat was one of the most\\nsplendid in the state. He had a fine garden, a park stocked with\\ndeer, and prided himself upon his elegant horses. The annexed\\nbiographical sketch is from the Encyclopaedia Americana\\nWilliam Alexander,\\nLord Stirling, a major-\\ngeneral in the service of\\nthe United States du-\\nring the revolutionary\\nwar, was born in the\\ncity of New York, but\\nFacsimile of Lord Stirling s Signature. passed a portion of his\\nCol. J. W. Drake of Mendham, in conversation with one of the compilers of this\\nvolume, stated that the individual who acted as a guide to Col. Harcourt s party was a\\nMr. Macklewraith, an elder of the Presbyterian church at Mendham. While walking\\nin the road, he was suddenly surrounded by a party of British cavalry, who pressed him\\ninto their service.\\nt The morning being cold, and the sun bright, they had left their station, crossed the\\nmain road, and were sunning themselves on the south side of a house about 200 yards\\nfrom the tavern, which enabled Harcourt to cut them off from their arms.\\n4m. Jfr\u00c2\u00abf*^s,", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0457.jp2"}, "456": {"fulltext": "446 SOMERSET COUNTY.\\nlife in New Jersey. He was generally styled through courtesy Lord Stirling, in conse-\\nquence of being considered by many as the rightful heir to the title and estates of an\\nearldom in Scotland, from which country his father came, though the government re-\\nfused to acknowledge the son s claim when he repaired to Great Britain in pursuit of\\nthis inheritance. He was early remarkable for his fondness for mathematics and as-\\ntronomy, in which sciences he made considerable progress. Throughout the revolution\\nhe acted an important part, and distinguished himself particularly in the battles of\\nLong Island, Germantown, and Monmouth. In the first, he was taken prisoner, after\\nhaving, by a bold attack upon a corps commanded by Cornwallis, effected the escape of\\na large part of his detachment. In the second, his division, with the brigades of Generals\\nNash and Maxwell, formed the corps de reserve and in the last he commanded the left\\nwing of the American army. He was always warmly attached to General Washington,\\nand the cause which he had espoused. He died at Albany, January 15th, 1783, aged\\n57 years, leaving behind him the reputation of a brave, discerning, and intrepid officer,\\nand an honest and a learned man.\\nHenry Southard was born on Long Island in Oct., 1747. When he was eight years of\\nage his father, Abraham Southard, removed to the then colony of New Jersey, and set-\\ntled at Baskingridge, where the family have since continued to reside. The son received\\nbut an ordinary English education, and when a young man hired out as a common la-\\nborer for thirty cents a day, and by untiring industry collected sufficient to purchase a\\nfarm. His energy and talents distinguished him from the mass, and he was early ap-\\npointed a justice and in upwards of nine hundred cases upon which he decided, in the\\ncourse of his experience, four appeals only were made. In the war of the revolution he\\nentered the service, and contributed a share toward the attainment of our independence.\\nAmong the earliest members of the state legislature, subsequent to the adoption of the\\nfederal constitution, in 1789, he usefully served in that body for nine years, when he was\\nelected a representative in congress. This post of honor he held by successive re-elec-\\ntions for 21 years, when in 1821, admonished by the growing weight of years, he volun-\\ntarily retired, having then passed the ordinary limit of threescore and ten. A short\\ntime previous his distinguished son had been elected a member of the senate, and they\\nhad the pleasure of meeting in the joint committee of the two houses, upon whom, as a\\nfinal resort, had devolved the settlement of the famous Missouri question a circum-\\nstance probably without a parallel in our political history. He died on the 2d of June,\\n1842, at the advanced age of 95 years, up to within a few days of which he had been\\nblessed with the full possession of his mental faculties. Until within three years of his\\ndecease, he had never worn glasses, or used a staff, and was accustomed to a daily walk\\nof three miles. Were it not for his silvery hair hanging in clusters down his neck, one\\nwould not have supposed him to have been over fifty years of age. His memory was\\nstrong he could not only recollect every question which had come before congress,\\nwhile a member, but mention the different speakers and their very arguments.\\nSamuel L. Southard, a distinguished son of the above, was born in Bask-\\ningridge, June 9, 1787. At an early age he was graduated with high\\nhonor at the college of New Jersey, and soon after went to Virginia, where\\nhe spent several years, studying law, and at the same time supplying his\\ndeficiency of fortune by his labors as a private tutor. Admitted to the bar\\nin Virginia, he returned to his native state, where, after passing through the\\nrequisite period of study, he received, in 1814, his license as counsellor.\\nHe rose rapidly to the highest rank in his profession. In 1815, he espe-\\ncially distinguished himself by his argument upon the celebrated steamboat\\ncase, which was discussed by counsel before the legislature of New Jersey.\\nOn this occasion, Mr. Fulton, who was interested in procuring the repeal of\\na law which had been enacted by the legislature two years before, had\\nbrought with him to Trenton the most distinguished talent of the New York\\nbar; and Mr. Southard, then a very young man in comparison, was employ-\\ned by Col. Ogden and Mr. Dod, the adverse parties, as their counsel. Mr.\\nSouthard s argument, upon this exciting occasion, was of so brilliant a char-\\nacter, that, upon its conclusion, a universal testimony of applause burst from\\na crowded auditory, and it was with difliculty that the becoming order of a", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0458.jp2"}, "457": {"fulltext": "SOMERSET COUNTY. 447\\nlegislative hall could be restored. From this time his position in the fore-\\nmost rank of the men of promise in New Jersey was unquestioned. In the\\nlatter part of the same year he was elected a member of the House of As-\\nsembly of the legislature, from the county of Hunterdon, his residence being\\nat that time at Flemington but he had been only a week in the house when\\nhe was placed, at the early age of 28, upon the bench of the Supreme Court\\nof New Jersey. In this high station he remained until 1821, when he was\\nelected to the U. S. Senate, having little more than reached the age neces-\\nsary for a seat in that body. His talents here had a wider sphere, and he\\nsoon earned for himself so distinguished a reputation, that, in 1823, President\\nMonroe, by the unanimous consent of the senate, conferred upon him the\\nappointment of Secretary of the Navy. Upon the accession of Mr. Adams\\nto the chief magistracy, Mr. Southard, at his earnest solicitation, remained\\nat the same post, and continued to discharge its duties until the close of Mr.\\nAdams administration. The promptitude and energy with which he ad-\\nminstered the affairs of the navy were soon visible in their effects through-\\nout the service, and are yet remembered by those who have at heart the\\ninterests of this arm of our national defence. The late South Sea expedition\\nowes its first conception to him.\\nUpon his return to New Jersey, at the close of Mr. Adams administration\\nin 1829, he was immediately appointed by the legislature attorney-general\\nof the state and before the expiration of his term of office he was elected\\ngovernor. From this post he was transferred again, in 1833, to the United\\nStates Senate, and immediately took his rank among the most conspicuous\\nmembers of that body during the most brilliant period of its history. Five\\nyears later he was reinvested with the same office for another term of six\\nyears, only one half of which had expired at the time of his lamented death,\\nIn 1841 he was elevated by the senate to the office of president pro tempore,\\nand by the subsequent removal of Vice-president Tyler to the executive\\nchair, rendered vacant by the death of President Harrison, he became the\\npermanent presiding officer of the senate. The dignity and propriety with\\nwhich he presided over the deliberations of this body won for him the respect\\nof all parties. The untiring, self-sacrificing zeal with which he devoted\\nhimself to the duties of the office, doubtless hastened the progress of the\\ndisease which terminated in his death. He was compelled at length to retire\\nfrom his post, and on the 26th of June, 1842, he expired at Fredericksburg,\\nVa., among the relatives of his wife.\\nIt is the lot of few men to leave behind them a more enviable reputation\\nthan Mr. Southard s. He filled successively every high station of honor\\nand trust to which his native state could raise him and was never found\\nwanting under any responsibility laid upon him. In the various relations\\nof public and private life, his deportment was such as to win for him the de-\\nvoted attachment of very many and the respect of all. Every generous and\\nnoble enterprise found in him an earnest and eloquent advocate. His ser-\\nvices on behalf of the oppressed Indians, and his cordial support of the\\nColonization and the Bible society, will not soon be forgotten by the friends of\\nhumanity. It was peculiar to him to carry into the advocacy of whatever\\nseemed true and right a sincerity and warmth of feeling, which gave unu-\\nsual power to his argument, and imparted great grace to his benevolence.\\nAs a public speaker he belonged to the first class. His appearance, his\\nmanner of speaking, and his style of thought corresponded admirably with\\neach other. In person he was not above the common size but the bold", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0459.jp2"}, "458": {"fulltext": "448 SOMERSET COUNTY.\\nfeatures of his face, his deep-set and piercing eye, and his lofty and expand-\\ned brow, indicated a marked character. His voice, though not highly cul-\\ntivated, possessed great compass and power, and seemed especially adapted\\nto give expression to the impassioned earnestness which formed one of the\\nmost striking features of his oratory. His method of argument possessed\\nthe same direct and forcible character which marked his appearance and\\nmanner. His conceptions were always clear and distinct he saw his sub-\\njects under a strong light, and he seldom failed to place them in the same\\nlight before others. The clearness of his mental vision, and the sincerity\\nand depth of his convictions, manifested by the distinct statement and lucid\\norder of his arguments, and aided by the simple earnestness of his manner,\\ngave him always great power over his audience, and placed him in the\\nhighest rank of our public speakers. He possessed that warm and suscep-\\ntible temperament, which is the natural soil of strong passions, but he was\\ncapable beyond most men of exercising self-control under the most trying\\ncircumstances. The following incident directed his attention, early in life,\\nto the importance of subduing the temper and holding it under subjection to\\nthe decisions of reason. When about eleven years of age his mother struck\\nhim for some impropriety of conduct; he became enraged, and left his home\\nwith the intention never to return. He had not proceeded far before he be-\\ngan to reflect upon the rashness and wickedness of his conduct, and, seating\\nhimself by the way-side, he wept long and bitterly, and rose up to return\\nhome, beg his mother s forgiveness, and promise her that his temper should\\nnever again become his master. How well he kept this way-side vow they\\ncan testify who saw him amid the trying scenes of heated political warfare,\\nand under the still more trying inflictions of private wrong and injury. His\\nwarmth of manner, even when he was most impassioned, seemed to be no\\nmore than the fitting expression of what was due to the subject or the occa-\\nsion. He carried with him the air of a sincere and earnest man, with a\\nmind devoted to great objects, and endowed with uncommon power to dis-\\ncern right ends, and the best methods of attaining them. His reputation is\\na rich, an invaluable legacy to his native state her citizens will benefit\\nthemselves by remembering him who in his life-time was known as New\\nJersey s favorite son.\\nBRIDGEWATER.\\nBridgewater is bounded N. by Bedminster and Bernard, NE. by\\nWarren, SE. by Piscataway, Middlesex county, 8. by Raritan river,\\nseparating it from Franklin and Hillsborough, and SW. by Read-\\nington, Hunterdon co greatest length 13, breadth 11 miles; sur-\\nface on the NE. mountainous, soil fertile. There are in the town-\\nship 16 stores, 3 woollen fac, 5 tanneries, 5 grist-m., 2 saw-m cap.\\nin manufac. #69,050. Pop. 3,983.\\nSomerville, the county-seat, is pleasantly situated in the valley of\\nthe Raritan, about a mile N. of that stream, on the New Brunswick\\nand Easton turnpike, 10 miles from the former, and 28 NE. of Tren-\\nton. This village is principally built on a single street, running in\\nan easterly direction. The annexed view was taken on the line of\\nthe railroad, near the depot, and shows the prominent public build-", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0460.jp2"}, "459": {"fulltext": "SOMERSET COUNTY.\\n449\\nings. On the extreme right, the building with a cupola is the court-\\nhouse the one next with a spire is the First Reformed Dutch\\nchurch, both of which structures are brick. The Methodist church\\nis seen in the background immediately to the left of the large pri-\\nSouthern View in Somerville.\\nvate dwelling, near the centre of the engraving and the 2d Re-\\nformed Dutch church is shown on the extreme left. There are also\\nhere an academy, the county jail, 2 newspaper printing-offices, 3\\nhotels, 9 mercantile stores, several mechanical and manufacturing\\nestablishments, and about 1,500 inhabitants. The village is flour-\\nishing, handsomely built, and bears evidence of refinement and\\ntaste. The railroad from Elizabeth Port to the Delaware river has\\nbeen constructed as far as this place, a distance of 24 miles, and is\\nmuch travelled in the summer by visitors to the Schooley s mountain\\nspring.\\nIn 1840, a very liberal charter for a company was granted by the\\nlegislature, for the purpose of bringing into use the water-power of\\nthe Raritan, at a spot situated near Somerville. The company was\\nincorporated under the name of The Somerville Water Power\\nCompany, with a capital of $200,000, and a right to increase it\\none half. The company have now so far accomplished their enter-\\nprise as to be prepared for leasing water-rights. A canal or race-\\nway has been completed, and the water let in and ready for use. A\\nvillage plot has been laid out, and several mills already erected.\\nFrom the liberal inducements offered by the company, the amount\\nof water-power, and its favorable situation for market, this spot\\nmay become at no distant period a thriving manufacturing village.\\nThe Hon. Garret D. Wall is its President.\\nThe village of Somerville is of modern date. In the American\\nrevolution a tavern was kept on the site of the Somerville House.\\nAfter the burning of the courthouse at Millstone, Oct., 1779, by the\\nBritish, this place was made the county-seat, and about the year\\n1784 a courthouse and jail were built of logs. The former stood\\nabout twelve rods east of the present courthouse, and the latter on\\nthe site of the lower tavern. There were then but three or four\\n57", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0461.jp2"}, "460": {"fulltext": "450 SOMERSET COUNTY.\\ndwellings here. In 1798, the present courthouse was erected. Up\\nto 1809 or 10, the place was called Raritan. From that period it\\nhas borne its present name, and has rapidly increased from a mere\\nhamlet to a thriving village.\\nThe following facts relating to the early history of this region, and\\nof the oldest church in this vicinity, are derived from a discourse\\ndelivered by the Rev. Abraham Messier, July 21, 1832, at the lay-\\ning of the corner-stone of the Reformed Dutch church of Raritan.\\nIt is supposed that the first settlements along the Raritan were\\nmade between the years 1664 and 1670, a short time after the set-\\ntlement of Elizabethtown, which was the first place settled by the\\nEnglish in East Jersey. These settlers were probably Dutch and\\nFrench Protestants or Huguenots, who first emigrated to Long Island,\\nand thence, allured by the beauty and fertility of the valleys of the\\nRaritan and Millstone, to what was then an unbroken wilderness,\\ninhabited by the Naraticongs, a powerful tribe of Indians who\\nprincipally dwelt on the north side of the Raritan.\\nThe church of Raritan, (supposed to be one of the oldest religious societies in this sec-\\ntion of the state) was organized March 9th, 1690, by the Rev. Mr. Bartholf, who, on the\\npreceding day, preached, administered the sacrament, and baptized three children. These\\nservices were held previous to the erection of any place of worship. It is supposed that\\nthe first church in this district was built on the rise of ground a little beyond the junc-\\ntion of the North and South branches of the Raritan. That church appears to have been\\ncalled North Branch in the records, and was for a long time under the same pastor with\\nRaritan and Millstone.\\nThe first house dedicated within the bounds of the present congregation is believed to\\nhave been built ahout the year 1730, or perhaps earlier, on the banks of the Raritan, a\\nshort distance below the residence of the late Michael Van Veghten, which was their\\nplace of worship for nearly half a century. From its organization until 1720, the church\\nwas only occasionally supplied with ministerial services. In the beginning of 1720 the\\nRev. Theodoras J. Frelinghuysen came from Holland, and it is inferred that the\\nchurches of Millstone and North Branch were then in existence, and constituted with\\nthis the charge of this pastor.\\nHe is said to have been a great blessing to the Reformed Dutch church of America.\\nHe was an able, evangelical, and eminently successful preacher. He left five sons, who\\nwere all ministers, and two daughters married to ministers. He continued pastor about\\ntwenty-seven years.\\nIn 1747 a call from the congregations of Raritan, North Branch, and Millstone was sent\\nto the classis of Amsterdam for approval on the Rev. John Frelinghuysen, a son of the\\nabove. This call was approved, and having been ordained in Holland, he landed in\\nAmerica in 1 750, and assumed the pastoral charge. The ministry of this zealous and\\ngifted man was of short duration. He died in 1753, at the age of 25 years. In October,\\n1758, the Rev. Jacob R. Hardenburgh, a young man just finishing his studies, was install-\\ned over the five congregations of Raritan, North Branch, Millstone, New Shannack, and\\nBedminster. In this extensive and laborious charge he continued until Oct., 1761, when\\nMillstone and New Shannack called the Rev. John M. Van Harlingen, and Mr. Harden-\\nburgh retained the remainder.\\nIn the year 1779 a British troop of horse, under Col. Simcoe, wantonly burnt the\\nchurch, leaving the congregation in a state of destitution until 1784, when they united\\nwith the freeholders of the county and built the old courthouse. They contributed half\\nthe expense, on condition of using it for religious worship.\\nDuring the time the} were without a place of worship, it is understood that Mr. Har-\\ndenburgh preached in what was called the Court Martial House, a small building which\\nstood on the rise of ground along the turnpike, below the village, and is now called Mt.\\nPleasant. It was subsequently moved to the spot now (July, 1832) occupied by the\\nhouse and store of Judge Gaston, and was then used for a court-room and church.\\nIn 1781, Mr. Hardenburgh accepted a call from the churches of Mombaccus and Hur-\\nley, N. Y., and from thence afterward became President of Rutgers College, where he", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0462.jp2"}, "461": {"fulltext": "SOMERSET COUNTY. 45 1\\ndied in 1792. He was regarded as one of the fathers of the Dutch church in America.\\nJuly 4, 1784, the Rev. Theodorus Frclinghuyscn Romeyn was installed pastor over the\\nchurches of Bedminster and Raritan. He preached half the time in Dutch and half in\\nEnglish, which was the beginning of English preaching in these congregations. He died\\nthe following year, and was succeeded in the same congregations by the Rev. John Dur-\\nyea. In 1788, the house which was rebuilt in 1832 was erected under the superintend-\\nence of Andrew Ten Eyck as manager, and Messrs. Rynier Veghte, Abraham Van Nest,\\nPeter D. Vroom, John Hardenburgh, Robert Bolmer, and Jacobus Winterstein, as a com-\\nmittee. In 1789, the consistory resolved that from henceforth their transactions should\\nbe recorded in the English language. All the previous records were in Dutch. In 1798,\\nthe Rev. John Duryea removed to the pastoral charge of the church in Fairfield, and\\nthe congregation remained without a pastor until 1809, when the Rev. John S. Vreden-\\nburgh became the pastor of the Raritan church alone, and remained until his death in\\nOct., 1821. From 1826 to Aug. 5th, 1831, Rev. Richard D. Van Kleek was settled over\\nthe congregation. In 1832 the Rev. Abraham Messier took the pastoral charge.\\nThe Methodist church was built in 1832. The 2d Reformed Dutch church was\\ndedicated in 1834. Its first pastor was the Rev. Chas. Whitehead. The Rev. Talbot\\nW. Chambers was settled in Dec, 1839.\\nAbout two miles S W. of Somerville, on the old York road, stands\\nan antiquated stone mansion over a century old, now the property\\nof Ferdinand Van Derveer, Esq. once owned and occupied by the\\nHon. William Paterson, deceased. He was a friend of Aaron\\nBurr, who, when a student at Princeton, part of the time made his\\nhome here, and after graduating, pursued his studies in the old\\nmansion. Here the late venerated Stephen Van Rensselaer of\\nAlbany found his accomplished lady, a daughter of Judge Paterson.\\nIn a wild and romantic ravine in the mountains, about four miles\\nfrom the courthouse, is a noted rock called Chimney Rock. It is\\na singular, pyramidal-shaped stone, fifteen or twenty feet high,\\non the summit of a bold and nearly perpendicular ledge, over a\\nhundred feet in height. Its base is laved by a mountain stream,\\nflowing through the dell,\\nWith woods o erhung, and shagged with mossy rocks,\\nWhence, on each hand, the gushing waters play,\\nAnd down a rough cascade white dashing fall.\\nAt the base of the mountain, two miles N. of Somerville, is the\\nBridgewater copper-mine, now closed, but once wrought with con-\\nsiderable spirit, though unprofitably. The ore, says Prof. Rogers\\nin his Geological Report, is usually very rich, being characterized\\nby the large proportion of massive red oxyde which it contains.\\nThere has also been found a good deal of native copper, and also\\nthe green carbonate and green phosphate, together with a minute\\nquantity of native silver.\\nThe annexed inscriptions are copied from monuments in the\\ngraveyard at Somerville\\nSacred to the memory of Gen. John Frelinghuysen, who died on the 10th day of\\nApril, a. d. 1833, in the 58th year of his age. A life of active usefulness and humble\\npiety was distinguished by the affectionate esteem of his fellow-citizens. His native\\ncounty often bestowed upon him the public tributes of its confidence. Religion was\\nwith him a matter of pervading principle. He felt it to be his great business, and whe-\\nther in the halls of legislation, amid the cares of official duty, or at his own domestic\\naltar, in all his ways he sought to acknowledge GOD, and show forth the praises of his\\nRedeemer. Long will the grateful recollection of his kindness be cherished by the sons", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0463.jp2"}, "462": {"fulltext": "MERSET OTT.\\niirr.s. To\\nm gaining friend* ac-\\n:r.::i\\ns. Depail 785\\nridenee I that one so \u00c2\u00bb*M t\\n3\\nB\\n16 ged 45 rears. 6 months,\\nI much seed, and wa:.f r\\nbarvest came and gathered in many\\nSmUierm Yiac tf Boumd Brook.\\nNot Land so villages in this own-\\nol ilea LVW .-rville. on the\\nrth brant h of tfa\\nare there 2 I about 20\\nDutch church. As appears\\nfrom s,1 si ganized as\\n1719. :rch vras intimately conr.\\nt S Hie first] -ction. for\\nin 175L John Van\\nMontfbrl\\nline of the Elizabethtown\\nS omerville railroad, arxl the New Brunswick and Easton turn-\\n-at. It derives its name from\\n:ook which runs ji ^nd forms the bounda-", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0464.jp2"}, "463": {"fulltext": "SOMERSET COrXTY. 453\\nry line between Somerset and Middlesex counties. The village is\\nabout a mile in length, and the upper part is called Middlebrook.\\nThe above view was taken from the residence of Mr. John Staats,\\non the southern bank of the Delaware and Raritan canal and\\nRaman river, which last is crossed by a substantial wooden bridge,\\na few rods to the right of where the drawing was taken. The\\nlower part of the village only is shown. On the right is seen the\\nPresbyterian church, a neat wooden structure. There are here a\\nPresbyterian church, an academy, 10 s 3, s eral mechanics. 2\\ngrist-m.. 2 tanneries. 1 apothecary. 1 hay-press. 2 lumber-ya.\\ncoal-yards. 4 taverns. SO dwellings. 90 families, and 566 inhabit-\\nants. This is a thriving place, and at certain seasons a very large\\nbusiness is done in the purchase of grain, as uncommon facilities\\nare furnished for freighting to New York, either by the canal or\\nrailroad.\\nBound Brook has been settled oyer 150 years. It is alluded to in B\\npublished in 1765, as then beinj a village. The Presbyterian church has been organized\\nmore than a century. The first elergvn. 11 Rev. A: what\\nhe was settled is not known. II N 793. The Rev. David Barclav was\\nordained Dec. 3d. 1794. and dismissed in April. 1?05. The Rev. Selah St\\nhull was ordained Dec. 1805, and 25, 1806. Mr. W. was\\nsettled over the Dutch church at Brooklyn, L. I., and was tnuasl rredl N\\nwick, and became a professor in the The S F the Dutch church. The\\nRev. James Patter.- A 2 16 I, and dismis- 1813. He\\nwent to Philadelphia, and was settled over the First Presbyterian church. Northern Lib-\\nvhere he died. The Rev. William A. MeDc-weLi was ordained April 6, 1 S14\\ndismissed the succeeding October; went to Morristown. and b r\u00c2\u00bb of the\\nboard of missions of the Presbyterian church. The Rev. John B __ stalled Jan.\\n6. l?lr 1888 i pres at ist I Rev. R. K re .vas in-\\nstalled in the pastoral office May 5th. 1830. The present church was erected in 1Sz29,\\nthe former having been taken down. The old church was built about the vear 1760.\\nIn the winter of 1775-70. a portion of the revolutionary army\\nwas barracked in this vicinity. The head-quarters of Washing-\\nton were at Middlebrook. We here make two extracts from\\nThatcher s Military Journal the first relating to the manner of\\nliving among the troops, the last giving an account of a military\\nexecution.\\nFebruary. Having continued to live under cover of car n iss I nts most of the win-\\nter, we have suffered extremely from exposure to colds and storms- Our soldiers have\\nbeen employed six or eight weeks in constructing- log-huts, which at length are com-\\npleted and both officers and soldiers are now -overing for I\\nmainder of the winter. Lo^-houses are constructed with the trunks of trees, cut into\\nvarious lengths, according to the size intended and are firmly connected by notches cut\\nat their extremities, in the manner of dovetailing- I\\nfilled in with plastering. coi: mod and clay. The roof is formed of s\\npi eces o timber, and covered with hewn slabs. The chimnev. situated at one end of\\nthe house, is made of similar but smaller timbers and both the inner and the oc\\nare covered with clav plaster, to defend the wood against the fire. The door and win-\\ndows are formed .rt of the logs, of a proper size, and move on\\nwooden hinges. In this manner have om rs .out nails, and almost without\\ntools, except the axe and saw. proi rs -nd for the;.\\nand comfortable quarters, with little or no expense to the public The huts are ar-\\nin straight lines, forming a regular, uniform, compact village. The .its are\\nsituated in front of the line, a _ their rank the kitchens in the rear and the\\nwhole is similar in form to a tent encampment. The ground, for a considers... am", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0465.jp2"}, "464": {"fulltext": "454 SOMERSET COUNTY.\\ntance, in front of the soldiers line of huts, is cleared of wood, stumps, and rubbish\\nand is every morning swept clean, for the purpose of a parade-ground, and roll-call of\\nthe respective regiments. The officers huts are in general divided into two apartments,\\nand are occupied by three or four officers, who compose one mess. Those for the sol-\\ndiers have but one room, and contain\u00c2\u00abten or twelve men, with their cabins placed one\\nabove another, against the walls, and filled with straw, and one blanket for each man.\\nI now occupy a hut with our field-officers, Col. Gibson, Lieut. Col. Brent, and Maj.\\nMeriweather.\\nApril 20th. Five soldiers were conducted to the gallows, according to their sentence,\\nfor the crimes of desertion and robbing the inhabitants. A detachment of troops, and\\na concourse of people, formed a circle round the gallows and the criminals were brought\\nin a cart, sitting on their coffins, and halters about their necks. While in this awful\\nsituation, trembling on the verge of eternity, three of them received a pardon from the\\ncommander-in-chief, who is always tenderly disposed to spare the lives of his soldiers.\\nThey acknowledged the justice of their sentence, and expressed their warmest thankful-\\nness and gratitude for their merciful pardon. The two others were obliged to submit to\\ntheir fate. One of them was accompanied to the fatal spot by an affectionate and sym-\\npathizing brother, which rendered the scene uncommonly distressing, and forced tears\\nof compassion from the eyes of numerous spectators. They repeatedly embraced and\\nkissed each other, with all the fervor of brotherly love, and would not be separated till\\nthe executioner was obliged to perform his duty when, with a flood of tears, and\\nmournful lamentations, they bade each other an eternal adieu the criminal trembling\\nunder the horrors of an untimely and disgraceful death, and the brother overwhelmed\\nwith sorrow and anguish for one whom he held most dear\\nFRANKLIN.\\nThis township is about 14 miles long, with an average breadth\\nof 4 miles, and is bounded NE. by Piscataway, (Middlesex co.,)\\nSE. by North and South Brunswick, (Middlesex co.,) NW. by\\nBridgewater, W. by Hillsborough, Montgomery, and Princeton,\\n(Mercer co.) The Raritan river runs on its N. and NE. line, and\\nthe Millstone river on its western. The Delaware and Raritan\\ncanal follows the valleys of those streams, within the township.\\nIts soil is fertile, and surface undulating, excepting in the southern\\npart, which is hilly. There are, within the limits of Franklin, 14\\nstores, 5 lumber-yards, 2 fulling-m., 2 tanneries, 2 grist, 3 saw m.\\ncap. in manufac. $78,400 Rutgers college, 1 academy, 1 1 schools\\n275 scholars. Pop. 3,878.\\nThe city of New Brunswick is partly in this township, compris-\\ning all that portion north of Albany-st., embracing the railroad\\ndepot, college buildings, c. Kingston is on its south, and Six\\nMile Run village on its southeast boundary. Middlebush is a\\nsmall settlement, in the central part. Griggstown is a small set-\\ntlement in the southwest part, on the line of the Delaware and\\nRaritan canal, where there are about a dozen dwellings. About\\na quarter of a mile south of it, in a ridge of trap-rock, is the\\nFranklin copper-mine, formerly extensively worked one of the\\nshafts having been sunk 1 90 feet. It is now in a dilapidated state.\\nHILLSBOROUGH.\\nThis township is about 12 m. long, 5 wide and is bounded N.\\nby Raritan river, separating it from Bridgewater, S. by Mont-", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0466.jp2"}, "465": {"fulltext": "SOMERSET COUNTY. 455\\ngomery, E. by Millstone river, dividing it from Franklin, and W. by\\nAmwell, Hunterdon co. Its soil is fertile, and surface level or un-\\ndulating, excepting on the SW., where the Rock or Nashanic\\nmountain extends over a considerable portion of its territory.\\nThere are in Hillsborough 9 stores, 1 tannery, 1 pottery, 1 flouring-\\nm., G grist-m., 5 saw-m., 1 oil-m. cap. in manufac. $22,100 10\\nschools, 25G scholars. Pop. 2,863.\\nWeston, Flaggtovvn, Blackwells, South Branch, and New Shan-\\nnack, contain respectively a few dwellings, and the latter a Re-\\nformed Dutch church, which has been in existence about a century.\\nMillstone, 6 m. S. of Somerville, is situated on the W. bank of the\\nriver of the same name, in the immediate vicinity of the Delaware\\nand Raritan canal. It is a place of considerable business, and\\nlarge quantities of grain are bought and stored here. There are 4\\nstores, 3 taverns, several mechanics, 3 storehouses for grain, an\\nextensive lumber-yard, an academy, a Reformed Dutch church, and\\nabout 45 dwellings. The church, built in 1828 on the site of a for-\\nmer one, is a handsome edifice of wood, painted white, with a spire,\\nand partially surrounded by a grove of towering Lombardy poplars.\\nMillstone was early settled, and it is supposed that the church was\\nfounded as early as 1720. It was, with that of North Branch and\\nRaritan, under the pastoral charge of the Rev. Theodorus J. Fre-\\nlinghuysen. The oldest record existing of an election for elders\\nand deacons, is for the year 1751 they were Simon Van Arsdale,\\nL. Dorlant, John Wyckoff, elders Isaac Van Nuyse, Jacob Van\\nArsdalen, and William Williamson.\\nThe first courthouse in Somerset co. stood about 12 rods W. of\\nthe old bridge in Millstone. In the latter part of Nov. 1779, a\\nparty of British troops, under Lieut. Col. Simcoe, of the Queen s\\nAmerican Rangers, landed near Amboy, from New York, and pro-\\nceeded thence into this county, burnt some stores at Bound Brook,\\n18 boats at Van Veghten s bridge, the church at Raritan, and the\\ncourthouse at this place. On their return, they were attacked by\\na party of Americans in the vicinity of New Brunswick. Col.\\nSimcoe s horse was shot near De Mot s tavern, about 2 miles west\\nfrom that city, and both horse and rider came to the ground. A\\nmilitiaman was in the act of piercing Simcoe through the body,\\nwhen his bayonet was knocked up by James Schureman, (see page\\n313.) and he was taken prisoner. Among their pursuers was Capt.\\nG. P. Voorhies, of the 1st Jersey regiment, a very brave man, who\\nhaving, in his ardor, got ahead of his comrades, the enemy turned\\nupon him. In attempting to leap a fence on George s road, at the\\nend of the town lane, a mile SW. of New Brunswick, his horse\\ncaught and hung on the rails. The British, on coming up, hacked\\nhim terribly with their swords, and he was brought into the town\\nby his comrades, on a feather bed, groaning and senseless he died\\nin a few hours. The militia in pursuit killed three, and took six\\nprisoners, ere the enemy arrived at South Amboy and had not\\ntheir retreat been covered By a large body of troops, who landed", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0467.jp2"}, "466": {"fulltext": "456 SOMERSET COUNTY.\\nfrom ships previous to their embarkation, the whole of them would\\nhave fallen into their hands. Dr. Ryker, Mr. John Polhemus, with\\nseveral others, were made prisoners by the covering party of the\\nenemy.\\nThe following is Lieut. Col. Simcoe s account of this expedition,\\nas given in his Military Journal\\nOn the 25th of October, by 8 o clock at night, the detachment, which had\\nbeen detailed, marched to Billop s Point, where they were to embark. That\\nthe enterprise might be effectually concealed, Lt. Col. Simcoe described a\\nman, as a rebel spy, to be on the island, and endeavoring to escape to New\\nJersey a great reward was offered for taking him, and the militia of the\\nisland were watching all the places where it was possible for any man to\\ngo from, in order to apprehend him. The batteaux and boats, which were\\nappointed to be at Billop s Point so as to pass the whole over by twelve\\no clock at night, did not arrive till three o clock in the morning. No time\\nwas lost. The infantry of the Queen s Rangers were landed they am-\\nbuscaded every avenue to the town. The cavalry followed as fast as pos-\\nsible. As soon as it was formed, Lt. Col. Simcoe called together the offi-\\ncers he told them of his plan, that he meant to burn the boats at Van\\nVacter s bridge, and, crossing the Raritan at Hillsborough, to return by the\\nroad to Brunswick, and, making a circuit to avoid that place as soon as he\\ncame near it, to discover himself when beyond it, on the heights where the\\nGrenadier Redoubt stood while the British troops were cantoned there, and\\nwhere the Queen s Rangers afterward had been encamped and to entice\\nthe militia, if possible, to follow him into an ambuscade which the infantry\\nwould lay for them at South river bridge. Maj. Armstrong was instructed\\nto re-embark as soon as the cavalry marched, and to land on the opposite\\nside of the Raritan, at South Amboy. He was then, with the utmost dis-\\npatch and silence, to proceed to South river bridge, 6 m. from South Am-\\nboy, where he was to ambuscade himself, without passing the bridge or\\ntaking it up. A smaller creek falls into this river on the South Amboy\\nside into the peninsula formed by these streams, Lieut. Col. Simcoe hoped\\nto allure the Jersey militia. In case of accident, Maj. Armstrong was de-\\nsired to give credit to any messenger who should give him the parole of\\nClinton and Montrose. It was daybreak before the cavalry left Amboy.\\nThe procuring of guides had been by Sir Henry Clinton intrusted to Briga-\\ndier Skinner he either did not or could not obtain them for but one was\\nfound who knew perfectly the crossroad he meant to take, to avoid the main\\nroad from Somerset-courthouse, or Hillsborough, to Brunswick. Capt.\\nSandford formed the advance guard, the Huzzars followed, and Stuart s\\nmen were in the rear, making, in the whole, about eighty. A Justice\\nCrow was soon overtaken Lieut. Col. Simcoe accosted him roughly, called\\nhim Tory, nor seemed to believe his excuses when, in the American\\nidiom for courtship, he said he had only been sparking, but sent him to\\nthe rear guard, who, being Americans, easily comprehended their instruc-\\ntions, and kept up the justice s belief that the party was a detachment from\\nWashington s army. Many plantations were now passed by, the inhabit-\\nants of which were up, and whom the party accosted with friendly saluta-\\ntions. At Quibbletown, Lieut. Col. Simcoe had just quitted the advance\\nguard to speak to Lieut. Stuart, when, from a public-house on the turn of\\nthe road, some people came out with knapsacks on their shoulders, bearing\\nthe appearance of a rebel guard. Capt. Sandford did not see them till he", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0468.jp2"}, "467": {"fulltext": "SOMERSET COUNTY. 457\\nhad passed by, when, checking his horse to give notice, the huzzars were\\nreduced to a momentary halt opposite the house. Perceiving the supposed\\nguard, they threw themselves off their horses, sword in hand, and entered\\nthe house. Lieut. Col. Simcoe instantly made them remount but they\\nwere afraid to discover some thousand pounds of paper money which had\\nbeen taken from a passenger, the master of a privateer, nor could he stay\\nto search for it. He told the man that he would be answerable to give\\nhim his money that night at Brunswick, where he should quarter, ex-\\nclaimed aloud to his party, that these were not the Tories they were in\\nsearch of, although they had knapsacks, and told the country people who\\nwere assembling around, that a party of Tories had made their escape\\nfrom Sullivan s army, and were trying to get into Stalen Island, as Iliff\\n(who had been defeated near this very spot, taken, and executed) had for-\\nmerlydone and that he was sent to intercept them. The sight of Justice\\nCrow would, probably, have aided in deceiving the inhabitants but, unfor-\\ntunately, a man personally knew Lieut. Col. Simcoe, and an express was\\nsent to Gov. Livingston, then at Brunswick, as soon as the party marched.\\nIt was now conducted by a country lad whom they fell in with, and to whom\\nCapt. Sandford (being dressed in red, and without his cloak) had been intro-\\nduced as a French officer. He gave information, that the greater part of\\nthe boats had been sent on to Washington s camp, but that eighteen were at\\nVan Vacter s bridge, and that their horses were at a farm about a mile from\\nit. He led the party to an old camp of Washington s, above Bound Brook.\\nLieut. Col. Simcoe s instructions were, to burn these huts, if possible, in\\norder to give as wide an alarm to the Jerseys as he could. He found it im-\\npracticable to do so, they not being joined in ranges, nor built of very\\ncombustible materials. He proceeded without delay to Bound Brook, from\\nwhence he intended to carry off Col. Moyland but he was not at Mr. Van-\\nhorn s. Two officers who had been ill were there their paroles were\\ntaken, and they were ordered to mark sick quarters over the room door\\nthey inhabited, which Avas done and Mr. Vanhorn was informed that the\\nparty was the advance guard of the left column of the army, which was\\ncommanded by Gen. Birch, who meant to quarter that night at his house,\\nand that Sir H. Clinton was in full march for Morristown, with the army.\\nThe party proceeded to Van Vacter s bridge. Lieut. Col. Simcoe found 18\\nnew flat-boats, upon carriages they were full of water. He was deter-\\nmined effectually to destroy them. Combustibles had been applied for, and\\nhe received, in consequence, a few port-fires every huzzar had a hand-\\ngrenade, and several hatchets were brought with the party. The timbers\\nof the boats were cut through they were filled with straw and railing, and\\nsome grenades being fastened in them, they were set on fire. Forty minutes\\nwere employed in this business. The country began to assemble in their\\nrear and, as Lieut. Col. Simcoe went to the Dutch meeting, where the\\nharness, and some stores, were reported to be, a rifle-shot was fired at him\\nfrom the opposite bank of the river. This house, with a magazine of forage,\\nwas now consumed, the commissary and his people being made prisoners.\\nThe party proceeded to Somerset Courthouse, or Hillsborough. Lieut. Col.\\nSimcoe told the prisoners not to be alarmed, that he would give them their\\nparoles before he left the Jerseys but he could not help heavily lament-\\ning to the officers with him, the sinister events which prevented him from\\nbeing at Van Vacter s bridge some hours sooner, as it would have been\\nvery feasible to have drawn oft the flat-boats to the South river, instead of\\ndestroying them. He proceeded to Somerset Courthouse. Three loyalists,\\n58", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0469.jp2"}, "468": {"fulltext": "458 SOMERSET COUNTY.\\nwho were prisoners there, were liberated. One of them was a dreadful\\nspectacle he appeared to have been almost starved, and was chained to\\nthe floor. The soldiers wished, and it was permitted, to burn the court-\\nhouse. It was unconnected with any other building, and, by its flames,\\nshowed on which side of the Raritan he was, and would, most probably,\\noperate to assemble the neighborhood of Brunswick at its bridge, to prevent\\nhim from returning by that road. The party proceeded toward Brunswick.\\nAlarm guns were now heard, and some shots were fired at the rear, par-\\nticularly by one person, who, as it afterward appeared, (being out a shoot-\\ning, and hearing of the incursion,) had sent word to Gov. Livingston, who\\nwas at Brunswick, that he would follow the party at a distance, and every\\nnow and then give a shot, that he might know which way they directed\\ntheir march. Passing by some houses, Lieut. Col. Simcoe told the women\\nto inform four or five people who were pursuing the rear, that if they fired\\nanother shot, he would burn every house which he passed. A manor two\\nwere now slightly wounded. As the party approached Brunswick, Lieut.\\nCol. Simcoe began to be anxious for the cross-road diverging from it into the\\nPrincetown road, which he meant to pursue, and which having once arrived\\nat, he himself knew the by-ways to the heights he wished to attain, where\\nhaving frequently done duty, he was minutely acquainted with every ad-\\nvantage and circumstance of the ground. His guide was perfectly confident\\nthat he was not yet arrived at it and Lieut. Col. Simcoe was in earnest\\nconversation with him, and making the necessary inquiries, when a shot, at\\nsome little distance, discovered there was a party in the front. He imme-\\ndiately galloped thither and he sent back Wright, his orderly sergeant, to\\nacquaint Capt. Sandford that the shot had not been fired at the party,\\nwhen, on the right at some distance, he saw the rail fence (which was very\\nhigh on both sides of the narrow road between two woods) somewhat broken\\ndown, and a man or two near it, when, putting his horse on the canter, he\\njoined the advance men of the Huzzars, determining to pass through this\\nopening, so as to avoid every ambuscade that might be laid for him, or at-\\ntack, upon more equal terms, Col. Lee, (whom he understood to be in the\\nneighborhood, and apprehended might be opposed to him,) or any other\\nparty when he saw some men concealed behind logs and bushes, between\\nhim and the opening he meant to pass through, and he heard the words\\nNow, now, and found himself, when he recovered his senses, prisoner\\nwith the enemy, his horse being killed with five bullets, and himself stunned\\nby the violence of his fall.\\nCol. Lee, the celebrated commandant of the Virginia Lighthorse,\\nthus speaks, in his memoirs, of the skill displayed in this affair\\nThis enterprise was considered, by both armies, among the handsomest\\nexploits of the war. Simcoe executed completely his object, (then deemed\\nvery important.) and traversed the country from Elizabcthtown Point to\\nSouth Amboy, 55 miles, in the course of the night and morning, passing\\nthrough a most hostile region of armed citizens necessarily skirting Bruns-\\nwick, a military station proceeding not more than 8 or 9 miles from the\\nlegion of Lee, his last point of danger, and which became increased from\\nthe debilitated condition to which his troops were reduced by previous fa-\\ntigue. What is very extraordinary, Lieut. Col. Simcoe, being obliged to\\nfeed once in the course of the night, stopped at a depot of forage collected\\nfor the continental army, assumed the character of Lee s cavalry, waked", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0470.jp2"}, "469": {"fulltext": "SOMERSET COUNTY.\\n459\\nup the commissary about midnight, drew the customary allowance of forage,\\nand gave the usual vouchers, signing the name of the legion quarter-master,\\nwithout being discovered by the American forage commissary or his assist-\\nants. The dress of both corps was the same green coatees and leather\\nbreeches yet the success of the stratagem was astonishing.\\nThe Frelinghuysen Mansion.\\nThe above is a view of the mansion in Millstone, which was the\\nresidence of the late Hon. Frederick Frelinghuysen. It was acci-\\ndentally destroyed by fire a few months after the drawing was taken\\nfor this work. The annexed biographical sketch was furnished by\\na friend. It is very brief, and by no means does justice to the sub-\\nject of it but it is the best that could be obtained at this late day,\\nas all his cotemporaries, those who knew much of his revolutionary\\nhistory, are no more.\\nFrederick Frelinghuysen was born on the 13th April, 1753, and\\ndied 13th April, 1804, aged 51 years. When only 22 years old, and\\nin 1775, he was sent by New Jersey to the continental congress;\\nwhich place he resigned* in 1777. He was next a captain of a corps\\nThe following is a copy of a letter from Mr. Frelinghuysen to the speaker of the\\nHouse of Assembly of New Jersey, giving his reasons for not wishing to serve any longei\\nin Congres*. It is full of the spirit of 7b patriotic and unassuming.\\nSir Agreeable to the appointment of the legislature, I repaired to Philadelphia in\\nthe month of January last, and have since that time attended Congress until the public\\nbusiness intrusted to my care in the county of Somerset rendered my absence unavoid-\\nable.\\nIt is neer less for me to remind the honorable legislature, that I did with great reluc-\\ntance accept of the appointment of a delegate for this state in Congress. I was then\\nsufficiently sensible that the trust was too important for my years and abilities. I am\\nnow fully convinced that I should do injustice to my country did I not decline that\\nservice.\\nIn doing this I am conscious to myself that I am merely actuated by motives for the\\npublic good, well knowing that whatever may be my abilities, they will be useless to the\\nstate in the supreme council of the nation, and that the other appointment with which\\nthe legislature of New Jersey have been pleased to honor me in the county of Somerset,\\nis morr than sufficient to employ my whole attention.\\nI might add some other circumstances which render my situation here peculiarly\\ndisagreeable, but I fear the evils which might arise from my opening myself on this sub-\\nject, would more than counterbalance any good it might probably answer. I trust, how-", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0471.jp2"}, "470": {"fulltext": "460 SOMERSET COUNTY.\\nof artillery, a volunteer company to the congress, for one year. He\\nwas at the battles of Trenton and Monmouth. He afterward ac-\\ntively engaged in the war as a colonel in the militia of his native\\ncounty of Somerset. In 1793, after repeatedly receiving the testi-\\nmonials of public confidence in various state and county offices, he\\nwas chosen to a seat in the Senate of the United States, and contin-\\nued in that station until domestic bereavements, and the claims of\\nhis family, constrained him to resign in 1796. In the western ex-\\npedition, he was selected by the commander-in-chief to the com-\\nmand as major-general of the New Jersey and Pennsylvania troops.\\nHe stood among the first at the bar of New Jersey, as a civilian.\\nHe died beloved and lamented by his country and friends, and left\\nfor his children the rich legacy of a life unsullied by a stain, and\\nthat had abounded in benevolence and usefulness. He was the son\\nof the Rev. Mr. John Frelinghuysen. who had died many years be-\\nfore him. and who was, with four brothers, all ministers of the gos-\\npel, the descendant of the Rev. Theodorus J. Frelinghuysen. a de-\\nvoted minister, who came last from Holland in 1720. and preached\\nthe gospel in the counties of Somerset. Middlesex, and Hunterdon,\\nin the state of New Jersey. His labors were greatly blessed to the\\nconversion of many souls to God. His son John was settled at\\nRaritan in New Jersey his son Theodorus at Albany in X ew York.\\nThe other three sons died soon after they had entered upon their\\nministry. Gen. Frelinghuysen left three sons, John, Frederick, and\\nTheodore, of whom only the last-named survives, and is now the\\nchancellor of the University of New York.\\nThe following epitaph is copied from a monument in the family\\nburying-ground near Millstone\\nEntombed beneath this stone lie the remains of the Honorable Frederick Freling.\\nettsen, Esq.. Major-General of the militarr forces, and Representative in the General\\nAssembly of this his native state. Endowed by nature with superior talents, he was be-\\nloved by his country. From his youth he was intrusted with her most important con\\nUntil his death, he never disappointed her hopes. At the bar he was eloquent\\nin the Senate he was wise, in the field he was brave. Candid, generous, and just, he\\nwas ardent in his friendships, constant to his friends. The patron and protector of hon-\\norable merit, he gave his hand to the voting, his counsel to the middle aged, his support\\nto him who was feeble in years. To perpetuate his memory his children have raised\\never, the representatives from New Jersey will not think it impertinent in one who has\\nfaithfully endeavored to serve his country to declare to them, that the interests of Amer-\\nica loudly call on them for extraordinary rig..\\nI shall say nothing respecting the amaziDg expense of attending at Congress, and my\\ninability to support it I am determined not to complain until the last farthing of my\\nlittle fortune is spent in the service of my country, and then perhaps I shall have the\\nconsolation to see poverty esteemed as the characteristic of an honest man.\\nI conclude with observing. I am particularly moved to wish for a release from the ap-\\npointment, as it has been hinted to me that my colleague. Mr. Fell, is exceedingly un-\\neasy that he is so often left alone to manage the weighty affairs of state, and that he has\\neven expressed himself with warmth and temper on the subject in his letters to the legis-\\nlature. I shall only say, that I am ready at all times to give an account of my conduct\\nto those who appointee\\nI trust the legislature will take into consideration and gratify my request, of being ex\\ncused from further attendance at Congress.\\nI am. sir. your most obedient and most humble servant.\\nThe Hon. CAi\u00c2\u00a3B Caxt, E*q. FRED. FRELINGHUYSEN.", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0472.jp2"}, "471": {"fulltext": "SOMERSET COUNTY. 461\\nthis monument, a frail memorial of their veneration for his virtues, and of their grief for\\nthe loss of so excellent a father. He died on the 13th of April, 1804, aged 51 years.\\nMONTGOMERY.\\nThis township is about 8 miles long, 5 wide, and is bounded N.\\nby Hillsborough, S. by Princeton, Mercer co., E. by Franklin, and\\nW. by Hopewell, Mercer co. The soil is fertile, and surface on the\\nS. and NW. hilly, elsewhere generally undulating. There are in\\nMontgomery 7 stores, 1 fulling-m., 1 woollen-fac, 1 tannery, 3\\ngrist-m., 3 saw-m. cap. in manufac. $5,800 7 schools, 212 scho-\\nlars. Pop. 1,482.\\nHarlingen is a pleasant village, 9 miles from Somerville, and 8\\nfrom Princeton it contains 2 stores, a tavern, several mechanic\\nshops, about 20 dwellings, and a Reformed Dutch church, in which\\nworship a large congregation. Blawenburg contains a store,\\nabout 12 dwellings, and a Reformed Dutch church. Stoutsberg,\\npartly in Hopewell township, contains 1 store and 8 or 10 dwell-\\nings. Rocky Hill, on the Millstone river and Delaware and Rari-\\ntan canal, 14 miles from Somerville and 4 from Princeton, contains a\\nstore, tavern, a grist, a saw and a fulling mill, and about 20 dwellings.\\nGeneral Washington wrote his farewell address to the American\\narmy, Nov. 2, 1783, at a dwelling now standing in Rocky Hill, at\\nthat time the residence of Judge Berrian. Congress was then in\\nsession at Princeton, and the. President addressed him in a com-\\nplimentary manner. The following remarks are extracted from\\nSparks Life of Washington.\\nTo this address Washington replied in the presence of Congress, and then retired.\\nA house was provided for him at Rocky Hill, where he resided, holding conference from\\ntime to time with committees and members of Congress, and giving counsel on such\\nsubjects as were referred to his consideration.\\nA large part of the officers and soldiers had been permitted during the summer to\\nretire from the army on furlough, and Congress issued a proclamation on the 18th of\\nOctober, discharging them from further service, and all others who had been engaged to\\nserve during the war. The army was thus in effect disbanded. A small force only\\nwas retained, consisting of such troops as had been enlisted for a definite time, till the\\npeace establishment should be organized.\\nThis proclamation was followed by Washington s farewell address to the army, a\\nperformance not less admirable in its principles and objects than his circular to the\\nStates. To his cordial and affectionate thanks for the devotedness of the officers and\\nsoldiers to him through the war, and for the manner in which they had discharged their\\nduty, he adds seasonable advice as to their conduct in resuming the character of private\\ncitizens, and in contributing to the support of civil government. Let it be known and\\nremembered, said he, that the reputation of the federal armies is established, beyond\\nthe reach of malevolence and let the consciousness of their achievements and fame\\nstill incite the men who composed them to honorable actions under the persuasion that\\nthe private virtues of economy, prudence, and industry, will not be less amiable in civil\\nlife, than the more splendid qualities of valor, perseverance, and enterprise, were in the\\nfield. Every one may rest assured, that much, very much of the future happiness of\\nthe officers and men will depend upon the wise and manly conduct which shall be\\nadopted by them, when they are mingled with the great body of the community. And\\nalthough the General has so frequently given it as his opinion in the most public and\\nexplicit manner, that unless the principles of the Federal Government were properly\\nsupported, and the powers of the Union increased, the honor, dignity, and justice of the\\nnation would be lost forever yet he cannot help repeating, on this occasion, so inter-", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0473.jp2"}, "472": {"fulltext": "462 SOMERSET COUNTY.\\nesting a sentiment, and leaving as his last injunction to every officer and every soldier,\\nwho may view the subject in the same serious point of light, to add his best endeavors\\nto those of his worthy fellow-citizens toward effecting these great and valuable purposes,\\non which our very existence as a nation so materially depends.\\nIt was at this period that Dunlap, the painter, then a mere youth,\\nwas a guest of Mr. Van Home, a gentleman then residing in this\\nvicinity. He has left us some interesting reminiscences of Wash-\\nington, which are given with great simplicity and naturalness.\\nHe says\\nBefore I left Princeton for Rocky-hill, I saw, for the first time, the man of whom all\\nmen spoke whom all wished to see. It was accidental. It was a picture. No painter\\ncould have grouped a company of military horsemen better, or selected a background\\nbetter suited for effect. As I walked on the road leading from Princeton to Trenton,\\nalone, for I ever loved solitary rambles, ascending a hill, suddenly appeared a brilliant\\ntroop of cavaliers, mounting and gaining the summit in my front. The clear autumnal\\nsky behind them equally relieved the dark blue uniforms, the buff facings, and glittering\\nmilitary appendages. All were gallantly mounted all were tall and graceful, but one\\ntowered above the rest, and I doubted not an instant that 1 saw the beloved hero. I lifted\\nmy hat as I saw that his eye was turned to me, and instantly every hat was raised and\\nevery eye was fixed on me. They passed on, and I turned and gazed as at a passing\\nvision. I had seen him. Although all my life used to the pride, pomp, and circum-\\nstance of glorious war to the gay and gallant Englishmen, the tartan d Scott, and\\nthe embroidered German of every military grade I still think the old blue and buff of\\nWashington and his aids, their cocked hats worn side-long, with the union cockade,\\ntheir whole equipment as seen at that moment, was the most martial of any thing I\\never saw.\\nA few days after this incident I took up my abode at Mr. John Van Home s, by invi-\\ntation, within a short distance of the head-quarters of the commander-in-chief. He fre-\\nquently called, when returning from his ride, and passed an hour with Mrs. Van Home\\nand the ladies of the family, or with the farmer, if at home. I was of course introduced\\nto him. I had brought with me materials for crayon painting, and commenced the por-\\ntraits of Mr. and Mrs. Van Home these were admired far beyond their merits, and\\nshown to all visitors. I had with me a flute and some music books. One morning as I\\ncopied notes and tried them, the general and his suite passed through the hall, and I\\nheard him say, The love of music and painting are frequently found united in the same\\nperson. The remark is common-place, but it was delightful to me at the time.\\nThe assertion that this great man never laughed, must have arisen from his habitual,\\nperhaps his natural reservedness. He had from early youth been conversant with public\\nmen and employed in public affairs in affairs of life and death. He was not an austere\\nman either in appearance or manners, but was unaffectedly dignified and habitually polite.\\nBut I remember, during my opportunity of observing his deportment, two instances of\\nunrestrained laughter. The first and most moderate was at a ton mot, or anecdote from\\nJudge Peters, then a member of congress, and dining with the general the second was on\\nwitnessing a scene in front of Mr. Van Home s house, which was, as I recollect it, suffi-\\nciently laugh-provoking. Mr. John Van Home was a man of uncommon size and strength\\nand bulky withal. His hospitable board required, that day, as it often did, a roasting pig\\nin addition to the many other substantial dishes which a succession of guests, civil and\\nmilitary, put in requisition. A black boy had been ordered to catch the young porker,\\nand was in full but unavailing chase, when the master and myself arrived from a walk.\\nPooh you awkward cur, said the good-natured yeoman, as he directed Cato or Plato\\n(for all the slaves were heathen philosophers in those days) to exert his limbs but all in\\nvain the pig did not choose to be cooked. Stand away, said Van Home, and throw-\\ning off his coat and hat, he undertook the chase, determined to run down the pig. His\\nguests and his negroes stood laughing at his exertions and the pig s manifold escapes.\\nShouts and laughter at length proclaimed the success of the chasseur, and while he held\\nthe pig up in triumph, the big drops coursing each other from forehead to chin, over his\\nmahogany face, glowing with the effect of exercise, amidst the squealing of the victim,\\nthe stentorian voice of Van Home was heard, 111 show you how to run doion a pig.\\nand, as he spoke, he looked up in the face of Washington, who, with his suite, had trotted\\ntheir horses into the court-yard unheard amidst the din of the chase and the shouts of\\ntriumphant success. The ludicrous expression of surprise at being so caught, with his", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0474.jp2"}, "473": {"fulltext": "SUSSEX COUNTY. 463\\nattempts to speak to his heroic visitor, while the pig redoubled his efforts to escape by\\nkicking and squeaking, produced as hearty a burst of laughter from the dignified Wash-\\nington, as any that shook the sides of the most vulgar spectator of the scene.\\nWARREN.\\nWarren was formed from Bedminster and Bernard in 1806. It\\nis centrally distant NE. from Somerville 7 miles and is about 8\\nmiles long by 4 wide. It is bounded NW. by Morris, Morris co.,\\nand Bernard SE. by Piscataway, Middlesex co., and Westfield,\\nEssex co. E. by New Providence and Westfield, Essex co., and\\nW. by Bridgewater and Bernard. Pop. 1,601. This township is\\nmountainous. A range of mountains runs through it in an east-\\nerly direction, enclosing a long fertile valley known as Washing-\\nton s Valley. In the winter of 1778-9, a part of Washington s\\narmy, then in a suffering condition, encamped there. The head-\\nquarters were then at Middlebrook. There are now to be seen\\nremains of the log huts, built by the soldiers on the lands of Isaac\\nBolmar and John Martin. On a mountain in the SE. part of the\\ntownship, near the line of Westfield, is a noted rock, known as\\nWashington s Rock, described on page 201 of this volume.\\nSUSSEX COUNTY.\\nSussex is the NW. county of the state. It was formed from Mor-\\nris county in 1753. In 1824, its limits were reduced by the erection\\nof Warren county from its southern portion. It is 27 miles long,\\nand 21 broad. It is bounded northerly by Orange co., New York\\neasterly by Passaic and Morris cos. southerly by Warren co., and\\nwesterly by Delaware river. The central portion of the county is\\ngenerally level or undulating. The Blue mountains run through\\nthe western part, and the Wawayanda and Hamburg mountains\\nare in the NE. part of the county. The SE. portion is also moun-\\ntainous. The county is watered by the Paulinskill, Pequest, Flat-\\nkill, Wallkill, and other smaller streams. There are in the county\\nmany small ponds, some of which are on the summits of the moun-\\ntains. Several of them are called the White Ponds, from the fact\\nof their shores and bottoms being covered with small white shells.\\nSussex county is one of the most interesting mineral tracts in the\\nworld. Iron ore and zinc are found in the mountains of the east,\\nand marble and many rare minerals exist in the county. A large\\namount of capital is invested in the iron manufacture. This also\\nis one of the best agricultural districts in the state. The principal\\nproducts are wheat, corn, and particularly butter, of which large\\nquantities are sent to the New York market. The county is divi-", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0475.jp2"}, "474": {"fulltext": "46 i, SUSSEX COUNTY.\\nded into the following eleven townships. Several of them were\\nformed into precincts as early as 1754.\\nByram, Frankford, Green, Hardiston,\\nMontague. Newton, Stillwater, Sandiston.\\nVernon, Walpack, Wantage,\\nThe population of the townships now composing Sussex county\\nin 1810, was 12,644; in 1820, 16,617; in 1830, 20,346; in 1840,\\n21.769.\\nB Y R A M\\nThis township is 11 miles long, breadth across its southern end,\\n7 miles bounded on the E. by Hardistown and Jefferson, Morris\\nco. S. by Roxbury. Morris co., and westerly by Newton and Green.\\nThe surface is mountainous, and the township is rich in iron, and\\nabounds in rare minerals. There are 4 stores, 4 forges. 2 grist and\\n5 saw m. cap. in manufac. \u00c2\u00a734,300 8 schools, 224 scholars. Pop.\\n1,153.\\nStanhope, 11 miles S. of Newton, on the county line, and on the\\nMorris canal, is a village containing 50 or 60 dwellings, where the\\nmanufacture of iron has been extensively carried on. Waterloo,\\nformerly called Andover Forge, is on the line of the Morris canal,\\nand contains a forge, a store, a grist and saw mill, and about 15\\ndwellings.\\nFRAXKFORD.\\nFrankford has an average length of 9, with a width of 5 miles.\\nIt is bounded N. by Wantage, E. by Hardiston, S. by Newton, and\\nW. by Sandiston. The northwestern part of the township is gen-\\nerally uneven and stony, but is very productive. The souther-\\npart is more level, abounding in limestone. The soil throughout\\nthe township is very fertile, and well adapted to the growth of\\ncorn, wheat, rye. buckwheat, oats, potatoes, c The attention of\\nthe farmers for the last several years has been particularly directed\\nto the making of butter, which is the leading item of the produce\\nsent to market. They send also to market (New York city) large\\nquantities of pork and flour. About two miles SE. of the village\\nof Branchville, on a farm recently owned by William A. Gustin,\\nEsq., a quarry of marble was discovered a few years since. It has\\nneen pronounced by competent judges a good article. It is of the\\ngreen serpentine order, and some of the specimens are very beauti\\nful. The quarry is supposed to be very extensive, but has not yet\\nbeen opened to any considerable extent.\\nCulver s Gap is a pass through the Blue mountains, over which\\nruns the stage-road from Newton to Milford, on the Pennsylvania\\nside of the Delaware. There are in the township 5 stores, 1 forge,", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0476.jp2"}, "475": {"fulltext": "SUSSEX COUNTY.\\n465\\n1 furnace, 6 grist, 8 saw m.; cap. in manufac. $45,405; 13 schools.\\n307 scholars. Pop. 2,410.\\nCentral View in Branchville.\\nBranchville is on the road from Newton to Milford, 7 miles NW.\\nof the former, and also on a branch of the Paulinskill, which empties\\ninto the main stream about one and a half miles south of the village.\\nIt is formed by the outlets of Culver s and Long ponds, two beautiful\\nsheets of water in the western part of the township, and affords\\nfine facilities for manufacturing, there being a fall of about 300 feet\\nin two miles. Branchville was originally settled in 1690, by Wil-\\nliam Beemer, but nearly all the buildings have been erected since\\n1830. It contains 4 stores, an academy, a free church, 3 grist and\\n2 saw m., 2 taverns, 1 cloth-dyeing and dressing establishment, 1\\ncarriage manufactory, 1 harness and 2 cabinet makers, 2 black-\\nsmiths, 2 weavers, 1 cooper, 32 dwellings, and about 200 inhabit-\\nants. Augusta, two miles E. of Branchville, contains a Presbyte-\\nrian church, and 15 or 20 dwellings. Coursenville, 4 miles N. of\\nAugusta, contains a store, a grist-mill, and a few dwellings.\\nFor the following communication relating to the township, the\\ncompilers are indebted to a gentleman now residing in Branchville.\\nThere are several places in this township which show evident\\ntraces of having been once inhabited by Indians, though they had\\nentirely evacuated it prior to the establishment of any permanent\\nsettlement by the whites. The first white settlers came principally\\nfrom Connecticut, and located themselves in the southeastern part\\nof the township, about the year 1700. Among the earliest settlers\\nwere Isaac Colt, Robert Price, and John Gustin. There were also\\nseveral German families who settled here at about the same time.\\nAmong them was Isaac and John Dewitt, and William Beemer.\\nRobert Price, one of the first settlers above named, when a small\\nboy, was taken a prisoner by the Indians at one of the massacres\\nin the eastern states. He and his mother were both marched off\\n59", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0477.jp2"}, "476": {"fulltext": "466 SUSSEX COUNTY.\\ntogether, and she being somewhat conversant with the language of\\nthe savages, soon learned from their conversation and gestures that\\nshe was herself to be dispatched, and immediately communicated\\nthe intelligence to her son. She told him that he must not cry\\nwhen they killed her, or they would kill him too. She marched\\nonly a few rods further before she was killed, and the boy was\\neventually adopted by one of the squaws as her child, she having\\nlost her own a few days previous. He lived with the Indians until\\nhe was over 21 years old, and was then rescued by his friends. It\\nwas a long time before he became thoroughly reconciled to civil-\\nized society, and he sometimes expressed a desire to return to the\\nIndians, but the feeling gradually wore away. Several years after\\nhis release, he removed to this township.\\nSome years since there resided in the northern part of this township a certain Mr. C,\\nmore familiarly known among his acquaintances as Uncle Philip. He was of Ger-\\nman descent, and his father was among the earliest settlers of the township. Uncle\\nPhilip, take him all in all, was no doubt the most singular specimen of human nature\\nthe township ever produced. He was an implicit believer in witchcraft, ghosts, hobgoblins,\\nor any other creature of superstition of which he ever heard. No story, however marvel-\\nlous or improbable, could stagger his credulity, except that of the world s turning round\\nupon its own axis. This he hooted at as preposterous and impossible, a mere specula-\\ntion of bookish men and nothing did Uncle Philip hold in more sovereign contempt than\\nall book laming. But it is not strange that Uncle Philip discarded the Newtonian\\nsystem he had a system of his own. He believed there were more things in heaven\\nand earth than such philosophers ever dreamed of, and that the art of magic was\\nindispensable to the development of truths pertaining to the material or immaterial\\nworld.\\nHis perpetual brooding over dark mysterious subjects aided in giving a countenance,\\nnaturally far from prepossessing, a still more wild and unnatural expression. An artist,\\ndesiring to personify superstition, could not have chosen a better model. His long lank\\nform, bent and misshapen his swarthy, lantern-jawed, unshaven visage dark shaggy\\nbrows a deep-set, wild and wandering eye, which seemed ever and anon looking out for\\nspectres and then his costume, constructed with utter disregard to fashion, set off with\\na cap of colossal proportions, rudely fashioned from the skin of some hairy uncouth\\nanimal, ornamented with its long bushy tail dangling over his shoulders the whole form-\\ning as grotesque and singular an outline as the wildest imagination could conceive. And\\nhis manners were quite as eccentric as his external appearance.\\nHe seemed to regard almost every person with distrust, suspecting them of being\\nleagued with witches and evil spirits against himself. Whenever he started upon a\\nhunting excursion, he studiously avoided all contact with any person, fearing, as he said,\\nthat they would put a spell upon his gun and if, despite all his efforts to avoid it, he\\nshould meet any person whom he deemed at all suspicious, he would give up his hunt in\\ndespair. Near the close of his life, however, he discovered a composition which he re-\\ngarded as an infallible remedy for those evils. A very small quantity of this composi-\\ntion stored away in his pocket, afforded, as he believed, perfect immunity from all the\\nspells and machinations of demons and witches combined.\\nAmong his superstitious acquaintances Uncle Philip was as completely sovereign, as\\nwas the knight of the burning girdle among the sorcerers and magicians of Egypt. If\\nthere was a spell or a charm to be broken, a witch to be chastised, a demon to be exor-\\ncised, blood to be stopped, a burn to be cured, or any other extraordinary thing requiring\\nthe aid of magic, Uncle Philip was the man. No case was sufficiently desperate or mys-\\nterious to resist the restoring influence of his potent wand, provided, always, that a suf-\\nficient quantum of faith was exercised by the patient. All the troubles and misfortunes\\nhe suffered were charged upon the witches.\\nMany were the fantastic tricks played upon Uncle Philip by the mischievous youngsters\\nof the neighborhood upon the credit of the witches. They very unjustly subjected the old\\nman to frequent annoyances. Often would they make night hideous by surrounding hia\\ndwelling and serenading him with horns, kettles, drums, bells, c, merely that they\\nmight hear Uncle Philip the next day tell how the witches had used him. He gave it", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0478.jp2"}, "477": {"fulltext": "SUSSEX COUNTY. 467\\nout that he could find stolen goods by dreaming out the spot where they were deposited\\nand often did he, on attempting to begin his work in the morning, find his axe, his flail, or his\\nox-yoke, or one of the wheels of his wagon among the missing, and after he had dreamed\\nover his loss for several days, and searched every nook and corner, his property would\\ncome back to him. He once started from home upon a journey about sundown, intend-\\ning to drive all night, and so he did but having fallen asleep during the night, he awoke\\nat day-break the next morning before his own door. Loudly did the old man berate the\\nevil spirits for this manoeuvre, though many suspected that another kind of spirits had\\ndone the mischief.\\nUncle Philip was a most inveterate star-gazer. By studying them minutely, he pro-\\nfessed to be enabled to foretell coming events, the state of the weather, .c. In order\\nto facilitate his heavenly studies, he at one time erected a sort of scaffold, supported by\\nfour posts sunk a few inches in the ground. On the top of this scaffold, he placed a\\nwooden trough of sufficient dimensions to contain his body. Here, stretched out upon\\nhis back, he pursued his researches for several evenings uninterrupted, and was so highly\\nelated with the invention, that he could not be persuaded to relinquish it for his bed until\\nvery late at night. All went on swimmingly with Uncle Philip, until on a certain eve-\\nning, after his family had retired for rest, they were suddenly aroused by a terrible crash,\\nsucceeded by several groans, and on running out, found Uncle Philip s scaffold flat upon\\nthe ground, and himself making a pretty terrible ado among the ruins. He proved to be\\npretty severely, though not dangerously, injured. The story of his disaster was soon\\nfold. A certain mischievous old sow that Uncle Philip had for some time suspected of\\nbeing bewitched, was rubbing herself against one of the posts that supported the scaf-\\nfold, which being but slightly fixed in the ground, gave way, and of course brought Uncle\\nPhilip and his trough both suddenly upon terra firma. So suddenly did the account of\\nUncle Philip s misfortune circulate for miles around him, and so general and universal\\nwas the laugh enjoyed at his expense, that it completely cured him of his star-gazing\\npropensity, and he shunned the society of his neighbors for several months after the\\nevent and until his death nothing could sooner cause a frown upon his countenance,\\nthan any allusion to the stars.\\nGREEN.\\nGreen was formed in 1824 from Hardwick and Independence,\\nWarren co. It is 6 miles long, with a.width of from 2 to 4 miles,\\nbeing the smallest township in the county. It is bounded NE. by\\nNewton, SE. by Byram, SW. by Hardwick and Independence,\\nWarren co., and NW. by Stillwater. It has 2 grist-m., 1 saw-m.\\ncap. in manufac. $5,200 5 schools, 110 scholars. Pop. 777. The\\nsurface on the SE. is mountainous elsewhere, hilly or undulating.\\nThe Pequest river runs through it, and there are several small\\nponds scattered on its surface, among which are Grass, Hunt s,\\nand Reading ponds. Greenville, 7 miles south of Newton, is a\\nsmall village, containing about 20 dwellings.\\nHARDISTON.\\nThis township is nearly triangular in form it measures across\\nits N. side 8i miles, its SE. 12|, and its W. 14 miles. It is bounded\\nnortherly by Wantage and Vernon, SE. by West Milford, Passaic\\nco., and Jefferson, Morris co., and W. by Byram, Newton, and\\nFrankford. The township contains 10 stores, 3 furnaces, 6 forges,\\n8 grist-m., 13 saw-m. cap. in manufac. $68,075 15 schools, 403\\nscholars. Pop. 2,831. The Wallkill flows N. through the central\\npart of the township. A great portion of it is mountainous.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0479.jp2"}, "478": {"fulltext": "468\\nSUSSEX COUNTY.\\nThe Hamburg or Wallkill mountains cover its eastern portion,\\nand Pimple hill, a high eminence, is in the western part. The\\ntownship is considered one of the most interesting mineral tracts\\nin the Union. Inexhaustible quantities of iron ore and zinc exist\\nin the mountains on the east. There was in 1840 invested in the\\niron business in this township a capital of SI 16.955.\\nView of Sparta.\\nThe flourishing village of Sparta is on the Wallkill, near the\\nwestern line of Hardiston, 7 miles E. of Newton. The above view\\nwas taken near the female seminary. The large building to the\\nleft near the spectator is the Methodist church the spire of the\\nPresbyterian church appears in the distance. This is one of the\\nmost pleasant villages in this part of the state. The dwellings\\nare neat, many of them ornamented with shade trees, and the sur-\\nrounding scenery is of a bold and picturesque character. It con-\\ntains 5 stores, an academy and a female seminary, 2 churches, 2\\ntaverns, 2 grist-m., 6 forges for making bar iron, an anchor-factory,\\na fulling and clothing factory, a variety of mechanics, and about\\n400 inhabitants.\\nThe following notice of this village, written in Aug. 1843, is\\nfrom the Newark Daily Advertiser\\nThis village of classic name has indigenous merits. We have made it the place of\\nour summer rustication, and shall ever remember it with pleasure. It is with places as\\nwith heroes, many a one goes uncelebrated merely for want of a poet and the presence\\nof a Lycurgus is only wanted to render this modern Sparta more famous, as it is be-\\nyond question more picturesquely located, than its ancient namesake at the foot of\\nMount Taygetus. The Daily must serve the place of both lawgiver and poet, and\\nspread its lame abroad.\\nNature here wears some of her most bewitching charms, and enterprise is fast adding\\nto the attractions of art. Within a brief period the village has doubled in size. The\\nWallkill, which rises near, (and which empties into the Hudson at Kingston,) with two\\nor three other never-failing streams, turn the wheels of 4 forges, 1 anchor-factory, 1 ful-\\nling-m., 3 saw-m., 1 shingle-factory, and 2 fiour-m. and many valuable mill-seats yet\\ninvite occupancy. One of the flour-mills is the largest in Sussex co., and is the pro-\\nperty of Mr. Morris, a citizen, and brother of the Mayor of New-York. Much may be\\nsaid, too, of the agreeableness of this vicinity. It has, in addition to its unsurpassed", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0480.jp2"}, "479": {"fulltext": "SUSSEX COUNTY. 469\\nbeauties of scenery, an ornament of which any rural town in our country might justly\\nbe proud, in a well-conducted Female Seminary. The fitness of the location, the ele-\\ngance of the building, and the experience of the Principal, (Mrs. Dayton,) conjoin to\\nmake it attractive to those who would have their daughters acquire health with learn-\\ning. I am happy to find that Mrs. D. is not unknown to some of your citizens. The\\nedifice stands on high ground at the southern extreme of the valley in which Sparta\\nlies. For several miles is seen stretching up between beautiful hill-sides a charming\\nvale, its bosom studded with living lakes and green clusters of trees. To see, is to be\\ndelighted with the prospect.\\nFrom a clear summit near by may be seen Newton and Augusta, surrounded by the just\\nnow blooming buckwheat hills of Sussex, and in the distance, though distinctly visible,\\nthe Delaware Water Gap and the Wind Gap of the Delaware, the Turnpike Gap, (scarce-\\nly less admirable,) between Newton and Milford, and the blue hills of Pennsylvania and\\nNew York. At the base of the summit lies a lake of remarkable beauty. No part of\\nour country more abounds in beautiful lakes. Some of these are peculiar as containing\\nwhite shells and this reminds me of the mineralogical and geological interest of the\\nlocality. Prof. Rogers, of Philadelphia, has made repeated visits, and Dr. Samuel\\nFowler has enriched the cabinet of the college of New Jersey with a few thousand spe-\\ncimens gathered here. He has also favored the Female Seminary of the place in the\\nsame way.\\nThis is the only locality of zinc in our country. A rich vein extends 4 miles, as we\\nknow by its out-croppings. Companies from Boston and New-York have made efforts\\nto purchase it, but European labor is too cheap to permit them to pay a price worth\\nnaming, and work it. Should a rupture occur between Europe and America, or should\\nregulations be made in trade so that this mine can ever be worked, it will prove an im-\\nmense source of wealth to the possessors.\\nReader, when you would escape from Vanity Fair to enjoy nature in her most lux-\\nuriant retirements, come to Sparta. It is one of her banqueting halls, where she keeps\\nholiday the summer through. For the languid frame and the sick heart, there is no-\\nthing like the pure elastic air, the reviving atmosphere of these mountain solitudes,\\nwhere every breeze visits the senses as if laden with the renovating spirit of life. You\\nwill here learn, too, what few seem to know, that the most charming parts of New Jer-\\nsey are the least frequented.\\nOgdensburg, 3 miles N. of Sparta, contains 15 or 20 dwellings.\\nFranklin is about 5 miles N. of Sparta, and 1 1 from Newton. It\\nis a thriving place, where the iron manufacture is extensively car-\\nried on. Large quantities of pig iron are made, hollow-ware, stoves,\\nfec. It contains 2 forges, a cupola and a blast furnace, a grist\\nand 2 saw mills, a neat Baptist church built of stone, and 36\\ndwellings.\\nMONTAGUE.\\nThis township is situated upon the Delaware, in the NW. corner\\nof the state, centrally distant NW. from Newton 16 miles. It is\\nS\\\\ miles long, with an average width of 6 miles. It is bounded\\nN. by part of Orange co., N. Y., E. by Wantage, S. by Sandiston,\\nand W. by the Delaware. There are 4 grist-m., 1 saw-m., 6\\nschools, 143 scholars. Pop. 1,025. The eastern part is mountain-\\nous, being covered by the Blue mountains, the western and middle\\nportion level or undulating, and extremely fertile. It is well wa-\\ntered by numerous streams, and a fine bridge crosses the Delaware\\nbelow Milford, Pennsylvania.\\nThe following account of an Indian incursion into Montague, in\\nthe war of the revolution, was verbally communicated to the com-\\npilers by a resident, the Hon. Isaac Bonnell.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0481.jp2"}, "480": {"fulltext": "470 SUSSEX COUNTY.\\nOne morning about daylight, a party of about 30 Indians crossed\\nthe Delaware in canoes, and attacked a dwelling occupied by a\\nfamily by the name of Jobs,* where they killed and scalped three\\nyoung men of the family, and took the remainder prisoners. From\\nthence they crossed Shimer s brook, to the dwellingf of Capt. Abra-\\nham Shimer, about fifty rods north. The Captain, who was of\\nGerman extraction, and a very brave man, had with him 5 or G\\nnegroes and, as he had incurred the deadly hatred of the Indians,\\nhis capture was the prominent object of their incursion. One or\\ntwo of the savages had entered the house, ere the inmates were\\napprized of danger. The negroes instantly rushed upon them and\\nforced them out. The captain, at that time in bed, was alarmed\\nby his slaves. He immediately ordered the doors and windows of\\nthe lower story to be barricaded, and stationed the negroes at\\nthem armed with axes, while he, with the only gun in the house,\\nwent up stairs, placed a feather-bed against the window, leaving\\none pane of glass uncovered, through which he fired at the Indians.\\nThey returned the fire, and one of their balls entered through the\\nsame pane, J and grazed the captain s face. Shimer shot one of\\nthem, breaking his thigh, and he was borne off by his companions.\\nA small fort, at that time occupied by militia, stood on the banks\\nof the Delaware. Tidings had been conveyed to them of the ap-\\nproach of the Indians but thinking it was false, they paid no at-\\ntention to it, until hearing the firing at Shimers, they came to the\\nrescue. A skirmish ensued, and the Indians retreated across the\\nDelaware, abandoning in their haste all their prisoners, among\\nwhom was one of the captain s negroes.\\nA few days after, the same party attacked a house a few miles\\nN., belonging to Mr. Patterson. They captured that gentleman\\nand his two sons, one five and the other seven years of age, and\\nthen returned to their country on the Niagara frontier. Mr. Pat-\\nterson, being carelessly guarded, had several opportunities of escap-\\ning, but as he hoped to save his sons, he continued with them until\\nwithin one day s journey of their villages, where he knew a cruel\\ndeath awaited him. In the night, when the Indians were asleep,\\nhe took two horses which they had taken from him, and escaped.\\nThe second day, being without food, he killed one of them. The\\nother, alarmed at the scent of blood, broke loose, and Mr. Patter-\\nson going in pursuit, not only lost him, but was unable to find the\\nspot where his slaughtered companion lay. In the course of this\\nday he heard the Indians yelling in pursuit. He however eluded\\nthem, and travelled on by the sun for five days, without any food\\nexcepting buds and roots, and a snake and a toad he had killed,\\nwhen he arrived at the head-waters of the Susquehanna. There\\nThe dwelling now occupied by Joseph Westbrook.\\nt This house is at present the residence of Jacob Hornbeck. It is the first two-story\\nhouse ever built in the township.\\nX This pane of glass remained in the window until the summer of 1842, when tho\\nhouse was repaired.", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0482.jp2"}, "481": {"fulltext": "SUSSEX COUNTY.\\n471\\nhe crooked a pin for a hook, and attaching it with a worm at the\\nend of a line made of the bark of slippery elm, caught five fish,\\nand ate them raw. This appeased his hunger, and gave him\\nstrength to construct a rude raft, on which he floated down to the\\nWyoming settlements, and from thence returned home.\\nThe sons were adopted by the Indians, became domesticated\\namong them, and thoroughly savage in their habits. Elias, the\\nyoungest, when a man, returned to this part of the country and\\nmarried, still retaining many of his Indian customs. Here he re-\\nsided until 1838, when he and his wife left for the Tuscarora re-\\nservation.\\nNEWTON.\\nNewton is about 13 m. long breadth on the E. end 9 m., and\\non the W. about 1 m. It is bounded N. by Frankford, E. by Har-\\nNorth View of Newton from the Milford Road.\\ndiston, SE. by Byram, SW. by Green and Stillwater, and W. by\\nSandiston. The central part is level, and on the SE. and NW.\\nhilly. The township is very fertile, and is watered by the Paulins-\\nkill and the Pequest. There are 5 grist-m., 7 saw-m cap. in\\nmanufac. $91,325; 3 acad. 155 students; 5 schools, 537 scholars.\\nPop. 3,857.\\nNewton, the seat of justice for Sussex co., is in the central part\\nof the township 68 miles from Trenton, 56 from New York, 40\\nfrom Easton, and 98 from Philadelphia. It is pleasantly situated\\nin a beautiful amphitheatre of encircling hills, on ground gently\\nsloping to the NE. and E., and terminating in what is called the\\nBog Meadows, which in very foggy weather appear like a vast\\nexpanded sheet of water, covering many hundred acres, and ex-\\ntending almost to Lafayette, a distance of nearly 5 miles, through", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0483.jp2"}, "482": {"fulltext": "472\\nSUSSEX COUNTY.\\nwhich, fed by numerous springs, runs one of the branches of the\\nPaulinskill, a stream originally known to the Indians by the singu-\\nlar cognomen of the Tockhockonetcunk.\\nThe above view of Newton was taken on the stage road to Mil-\\nford, about a quarter of a mile north of the village. The spire on\\nthe left is that of the courthouse, the Episcopal church is shown\\nnext to it, and the Presbyterian church on the right. The Metho-\\ndist church is not seen from this point. Newton contains the coun-\\nView of the Courthouse, Newton.\\nty buildings, 3 churches, 4 taverns, 9 stores, 4 groceries, 2 cabinet,\\n3 wagon, and 6 harness makers, 4 blacksmiths, 3 tailoring estab-\\nlishments, 7 milliners, 1 tannery, 2 jewellers, 2 apothecaries, a bank,\\n2 newspapers, the New Jersey Herald and Sussex Register,* and\\na population of 912, viz: white males 410, white females 472;\\ncolored males 15, colored females 15. There are also a lyceum\\nand a public library, 3 academies and grammar-schools, and 4 oth-\\ner schools and only 2 white persons over 20 years of age who\\ncannot read and write. These, with a large temperance society\\nnumbering about 400 members, with well-conducted sabbath-\\nschools, speak favorably for the morals and intelligence of the\\npopulation. The place is remarkably healthy, and the adjacent\\ncountry furnishes many choice attractions, where the mineralogist,\\nbotanist, naturalist, and man of leisure, will find much to instruct\\nand amuse.\\nThe village of Newton might have been better located a quarter\\nof a mile S W. of its present site, but for a mistake on the part of the\\nlegislature. The act authorizing the building of a courthouse for\\nSussex co., passed in 1761, required it to be erected within half a\\nmile of Henry Harelocker s house, then the only dwelling within\\nThis newspaper was established in 1813, and is the oldest in what is now Warren\\nand Sussex counties.", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0484.jp2"}, "483": {"fulltext": "SUSSEX COUNTY. 473\\nthe limits of what is now Newton village. By that proviso, it be-\\ncame necessary to build the courthouse where it now is, or in a\\nless favorable place for Harelocker lived where Amos Petit now\\nresides. v If it had been run out in any other direction, the location\\nwould, owing to the unfavorable form of the ground, have been\\nstill worse. As it was, it is slyly intimated that the 40 chains did\\nnot quite reach the present site but inasmuch as it would have\\nbeen inappropriate to put his majesty s officina justitice exactly at\\nthe foot of a hill, and precisely over a stream of water, three or\\nfour chains were thrown in for good measure and the building placed\\npartly up the hill-side. A few other buildings were in a short time\\nput up in the neighborhood of Harelocker s plantation, and in 1765,\\nthe unique courthouse, a massive stone building, devoid of orna-\\nment, was finished. It faces the village green, at that time cov-\\nered with woods, and, although somewhat dilapidated, promises to\\nlast another generation. Previously, the village of Johnsonburg,\\nin the present limits of Warren co., was the seat of justice for the\\ncounty. It was then called the log jail, from a jail there con-\\nstructed of logs. Newton has gradually grown up since the con-\\nstruction of this edifice, deriving its chief support from the agricul-\\ntural interests of the surrounding country.\\nWhat is now called Spring-st., because it leads out from the village in the direction\\nof the Big Spring, was formerly called the Gallows Road, on account of a number\\nhaving been hung along that road. The two most frequently spoken of, on account of\\nthe aggravated nature of their crimes, and the peculiarly hard circumstances attending\\nthem, are Mary Cole and Peter Brakeman, the former hung on the right hand side of\\nthe road, just below Dr. Stuart s residence, by Sheriff Green, in 1811, in what is still\\ncalled the Mary Cole field. This wretched woman killed, or aided in killing, her ven-\\nerable mother, and concealing the body under the hearth. Her husband was privy to\\nthe murder, and, as many believe, the prime mover in the fiendish plot, actuated by a\\ndesire to get possession of his aged mother-in-law s property and that he got his igno-\\nrant wife, the partner of his guilt, when detection was certain to overtake them, to as-\\nsume the unnatural act, assuring her that they coidd not hang a woman. Soon after\\nthe murder, they moved away and the family who went into the house, before long\\nsmelt the putrefying body, and search disclosed the accursed deed. They lived about\\na mile north of Lafayette, in the woods. He was acquitted. Tis said, that on seeing\\nher husband smile at the gallows, the poor woman said, Ah! I could tell \u00c2\u00absomething\\nthat would change that smile into tears.\\nPeter Brakeman was hung further down, in a hollow near Moore s pond, by Sheriff\\nDarrah, in June, 1820, for murdering a pedler by the name of Nichols, with whom he\\nhad travelled from Montrose, Susquehanna co., Penn., in the character of a friend, but\\nevidently with the intention of taking his life from the first, to possess himself of three\\nor four hundred dollars, which he knew he had. They were seen in different places to-\\ngether, prior to the murder, stayed 2 or 3 days at Predmore a tavern, Lower Lafayette,\\nplayed the game of 31, played cards, stopped together at Sparta, were seen in company\\n4 or 5 miles further on. After that, Brakeman stopped alone at a tavern 2 miles still fur-\\nther, (Woodsport,) called for supper, but took some lunch and went on, not waiting for\\nthe supper. They were bound for Philadelphia. Shortly afterward, a boy going along\\nthe turnpike after the cows, with a little dog, the dog ran into the woods by the road side,\\nand, almost in plain sight, began to bark. The boy went to see what he had got, when\\nthe body, shockingly mangled, met his view. A large knife, and an ugly club which\\nBrakeman carried, were found beside the body. The club he cut in the beach woods, and\\ncarried with the large end down. Some persons spoke to him about it, as a barbarous-\\nlooking weapon twas generally noticed. He was a large, stout man, over 6 feet high.\\nWent to Philadelphia, and back to Montrose, where, some time after, he was taken, in his\\nBchool-room. Shirt and stockings of the pedler were in his possession.\\nIt made a great excitement at the time of his apprehension and trial. The body of\\n60", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0485.jp2"}, "484": {"fulltext": "474\\nSUSSEX COUNTY.\\nthe pedler was disinterred, and taken into the courthouse, to see if he would put his hand\\non it, many thinking that if he did, and was guilty, blood would gush forth at his touch.\\nHe seemed much affected at the sight, wept, called him a dear friend of his, and freely\\nput his hand on the bare body. No blood started therefrom, and this was considered, by\\nnot a few, full evidence of his innocence. A pretended confession was published after\\nhis death but the better opinion is, that only Brakeman, the pedler, and God, positively\\nknow the perpetrator of the crime. Circumstances were strong against him, so strong\\nas to require the forfeit of his life.\\nMoody s Rock.\\nFor the annexed account of Moody the tory, and for the histori-\\ncal matter relating to Newton, the compilers are indebted to Nel-\\nson Robinson, Esq.\\nTwo miles south of the village of Newton, and half a mile west of the stage-road\\nleading to New York, are two adjacent bodies of water, known as the Big and Little\\nMuckshaw the former lying immediately south of the latter, with which, in high water,\\nit forms a communication of several yards in width. Below these two ponds, to the-\\nsouth and east, a marsh extends, for quite a distance, in many places abounding in\\nstagnant pools, and noxious weeds, or foul swampy shrubs, very difficult, if not totally\\nimpossible to be traversed. On the west of this marsh, a point of land juts forward,\\nbounded northward by the southern margin of the Big Muckshaw, eastward by the\\nmarsh itself, upon which it abruptly fronts, and on the west, for considerable distance,\\nby an inlet of the pond, and a piece of marshy ground below while to the southward\\nit runs off into a ridge of irregular rocks, thickly shaded by a dense growth of trees,\\nwhich for many a long year have concealed the gloomy haunts within.\\nThis is one of the numerous spots in New Jersey, around which hangs an interest,\\na traditionary celebrity, that is destined to endure as long as the great principles for\\nwhich her patriots of the revolution valiantly struggled shall animate their offspring to\\nnoble and virtuous enterprise. It was here that an instrument of foreign tyranny found\\nshelter for himself and his loyal followers, in those days of peril. Hence, like a band\\nof hungry wolves, they broke loose from their den, in the darkness of midnight, to com-\\nmit their depredations upon those who rallied around the standard of liberty, and bade\\ndefiance to the wrath of the oppressor. To this wild and secure retreat, when danger\\nthreatened, did the tory leader, and his company of active associates, resort and the\\npolitical hypocrites of those times nourished them there, and kept them advised of what\\nwas going on amongst the friends of the colonists.\\nSome time since, I visited this place, out of curiosity, to see what kind of a spot\\nit was that afforded protection to the king s arms during that memorable period, and\\nacknowledged the royal dominion till his hirelings could no longer maintain one poor\\ninch of Jersey soil in subservience to his regal will. Entering the woods from the stage", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0486.jp2"}, "485": {"fulltext": "SUSSEX COUNTY. j\\nroad, after a short walk. I crossed between the two Mockshaws, on a foot-log. aad saun-\\ntered along the western shore of the Big Mucksr. i\\ntraced the penile curvations r.reme southern marge,\\nand passed down a piece along some iow. wet, marshy ground beyond, I m i aa^i J\\nto cross ov-: elevated point quest ot* a\\nhad started. Pursuing a narrow, winding pal roomy woo:\\nover and amidst rough, precipitous :y a kind of\\nfight of nat cad of Deit; he rough a.:\\nEmeatone. After _ the marsh on le comes close npon the\\npath, which then benda maw iiryroaa d to ove, on\\nthe left hand, and the deep mire and water hemming up the right aga i oroaeh\\n-:-e. Following this narrow pass about irom where k thus sud-\\ndenly* bends to the northward, a large eavern is found aad, upon good\\nanthority. that Bonnel Moody and his party harbored, for some time, during the revo-\\nlutionary war. Hence it is well known, in the neighborhood, as Mac\\nrmed by the clif a) deep, from\\nteat to rear illy arehxng back till it meets\\nthe foundation, and consequently diminishins _\\nlength, from north to sc\\naboat one hundred yards, when eadicular ata the\\nmarsh, and then shoot forming a_ :iost impo.s-\\naround, even with the utmost caution and coolness. I\\nround this seemingly impassa.\\nof stone under foot- 0.. hi\\nfiat n _ .-_--\u00e2\u0080\u00a2-..-\\nthick, with a passage between it aad\\npassage, behind that irr.\\nversan-\\n.j: tjte ;^esr.._ zr.xs.- v r^:ri_:e .._-_; v.- ;.-_-.-\\navailable on- z^-zli^-e.\\ntual stand there aga ghat of assailants. Nothing bat starvation cooid have sub-\\ndued men thus guarded, on e _ a weil for the\\njudgment of the formidable p iiaamgt who Cmnmnj up. gha rr\\nof danger.\\nNumerous cleft3 and fissures were visible, along the craggy front of these towering\\nrocks; from which occasionally the mmi dd greet\\ngolden solidaga, u: yaaag of the\\nrock itself, and necessarily riiminntive, on arm\u00e2\u0080\u0094a _itenance provided\\nfor its support.\\nbeef and of fowls, aad also pare i of pipes, were found in or ^w the\\nmain cavern one pipe-stem, very snugly stuck in a chink, seemed to have been pat\\nthere bv some on- .eisure, some thr-\\nA k i point of rocks, previoosiv described, at\\nabout iw yards north of the cavern wheeling around whose evergreen summit, or\\nperched upon aa*n\u00c2\u00bb verdant aaaghs i two loquacious crows the\\ning creatures that appeal ;e seeming like\\nnels. heaping _ the moody spat.\\nThis nag dar i .s above the marsh receding westward\\ncessive elevations, socir many rough aad r.\\nBoa summit of which is I\\nire gloomy woo :_sshapen crags, and i\\nscenery, wefl calculated to awaken in the mind ideas of a rornar\\ncitinj character.\\nFrom the brow of feVes some of their vertical i\\n:ould safelv watch the eaaaa\\nmy, from aeai\\nwhenc- _ _-\\nunnoticed b-.\\naa undoubt\\nland, on its eastern edge the one rsaaai", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0487.jp2"}, "486": {"fulltext": "476 SUSSEX COUNTY.\\nand the two separated, almost immediately in front of the cavern, by a continuation of\\nthe marsh eastward, and an outlet of the Big Muckshaw, also about five rods wide, from\\npoint to point\\nSouth of this, two or three miles, along the Pequest, was a tory neighborhood, whither\\nMoody resorted clandestinely, with his attendants and whence supplies were secretly\\nfurnished them, when the keen lookout of the whigs above rendered it impolitic for them\\nto be prowling about far from their retreat.\\nMany stories are related about this man, most of which are undoubtedly true though\\nperhaps some of them have been colored, and a little exaggerated, by frequent telling.\\nIt is related that, one cold night in winter, he suddenly entered the dwelling of Mr.\\nOgden, who had, a 6hort time previous, moved up from the lower part of the state, and\\nlocated himself in the vicinity of the present village of Sparta. He robbed the house\\nof considerable valuable plate, and searched for money but was disappointed in not ob-\\ntaining the amount he appeared to have anticipated being in the old gentleman s pos-\\nsession. He then took him out back of the house, and forced him to take an oath r t\\nto make known bis visit until sufficient time had elapsed for himself and p\\nto escape pursuit. One or more hired men, however, who had been coi in the\\nupper part of the log-house, and who were not bound by their master s oath, immediately\\nupon their departure sounded the alarm and a small party of the neighbors forthwith\\ngave chase. They came very near overtaking them next morning lor they tracked\\nthem through the snow to where they had lain in their blankets over night, and where\\ntheir fires were still burning when discovered. They tracked the plunderers to Goshen,\\nin the 6tate of New York, and there recovered some of the booty which had been taken\\naway. The whigs in and around Newton would occasionally get incensed at Moody,\\non account of his daring acts, and prepare schemes to catch him the endeavors to put\\nwhich into successful operation were termed Moody hunting.\\nOn one of these occasions, they supposed they had got their wary antagonist cooped\\nup in the house of an individual suspected of being tinctured with toryism, and who\\nlived near what is now called Eden Farm, about three miles ENE. of Newton village.\\nHere they searched every nook and cranny, stuck pitchforks into the hay and straw\\nheaps, but no Moody was discovered who nevertheless afterward emerged from beneath\\nthe floor, where he had been snugly packed away in straw, to tarry until his hunters had\\nwithdrawn from the premises.\\nThere is an old lady, now residing in this village, who, according to report, one dark\\nand stormy night, although but in the early part of her teens then, mounted a horse, and\\nrode some 12 or 16 miles, to warn him of a plan to apprehend him, which was shortly\\nto have been put in execution.\\nOn another occasion, just as the whigs were on the point of springing upon him and\\nhis band, a negro conveyed intelligence of their designs, and Moody, with his men, nar-\\nrowly escaped the bread which was baking for him, and the other provisions wliich\\nwere prepared, falling into their hands. After this he left this section altogether.\\nAbout midnight, once, he made his appearance by the jailer s bedside, and demanded\\nthe key of the jail. This the jailer had previously declared he would not surrender to\\nhim, if the old tory should attempt to release the prisoners but his wife said, Poor\\nJemmy trembled like a leaf, and handed over that key without resistance. He then\\nunlocked the doors, and set the prisoners at liberty two of whom were condemned to\\ndeath. After this he paraded his men in front of the jail, and commanded three long,\\nloud cheers to be given, as he proclaimed a general jail-delivery, in the name of King\\nGeorge the Third.\\nAn old rusty key, supposed to be the onQ obtained by Moody, was found, some few\\nyears since, in the woods, on a hill, just to the left hand as you enter the village from\\nthe north. One of the prisoners, after his release, being unacquainted with the village\\nand the surrounding country, wandered about all night, within its precincts and in\\nthe morning secreted himself in an old hollow log, in the woods then standing upon the\\nhill, just out of the village, and running along the western side of Love-lane.\\nA party out after raccoons, in that direction, hearing their dogs bark steadily, in one\\nspot, hastened thither, and, instead of a coon, found they had holed a man whom, up-\\non examination, they concluded to make game of, and therefore marched him back to\\nhis old quarters. He was subsequently hung, in front of the jail, where the surrogate s\\noffice now stands being then condemned to die, for robbing a gentleman s house and self,\\nin the neighborhood of Belvidere. In this matter Moody was actually more just than\\nthe law, and the prisoner s cause better than his fortune for it eventually turned out\\nthat he was innocent of the crime imputed to liim.", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0488.jp2"}, "487": {"fulltext": "SUSSEX COUNTY.\\n477\\nHe died asserting his innocence, and declaring his firm belief that time would vindi-\\ncate him from the charge. The tormented wretch, who had actually committed the\\ndeed, and brought death upon a guiltless head, finally, on his deathbed, acknowledged\\nhis own criminality, and exculpated the other from all blame.\\nWhile the American army lay at Morristown, and an officer was drilling some troops\\nnot long enlisted, a man, very shabbily dressed, mounted on an old broken-down nag,\\none day was seen riding carelessly along before the lines, like a simple-hearted and\\nrather soft-headed rustic, not over- well supplied either with worldly sense or substance.\\nSuspicion at length induced the belief that there was more about that old horse, and\\nhis awkwardly-inquisitive rider, than at first view one would conjecture. One of the\\nsoldiers thought he had seen that face before, and that a recognition was only prevented\\nby the deep disguise of a crafty spy, thus openly reconnoitring their ranks. A horseman\\nwas soon dispatched to escort him back. Moody, for he was the suspicious charac-\\nter on whose track he was sent, shot him dead as he came up to him, dragged him\\ninto the woods out of sight, and once more narrowly escaped, by secreting himself in\\na contiguous swamp. It is said that he and a companion, in attempting to cross over\\nthe river into New York, to the English, were arrested at length, conveyed to Morris-\\ntown, and there hung, as traitors and spies. Tiiis last is somewhat doubtful, but still\\nit may be true.\\nMoody is believed to have been originally from Kingwood township, in the county of\\nHunterdon, and employed by the British to obtain recruits, in this section, of such as\\nwere favorable to Great Britain. He likewise was to act as a spy upon the movements\\nof the whigs, and to check and overawe them, by a show of opposition in their midst\\nby making divisions and difficulties close at hand, and thereby drawing off their atten-\\ntion and assistance from the colonial army.\\nCentral View in Lafayette.\\nLafayette received its name at the time of the late visit of the\\nMarquis de Lafayette to America, and was the first place in the\\nUnion named after that nobleman. It is situated upon the line of\\nNewton and Frankford, and is divided into two portions, called re-\\nspectively Upper and Lower Lafayette. The above view was taken\\nin the lower village, which is compactly and neatly built. Lafay-\\nette contains 4 stores, a large grist and a saw mill 2 iron foun-\\ndries, one of which, the Lafayette Fatory, employs about 40 men\\nan academy, 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist church, and 43 dwellings.\\nThe first mill built in the county was erected in this place many\\nyears before the revolution. It was a grist-mill constructed of logs.\\nIn olden times an Indian war-path leading to the Minisink settle-\\nments passed through the SW. part of the village, by what is called\\nthe Indian Spring, and through the Indian Field, where flints and\\nother relics are occasionally found. When Washington with his", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0489.jp2"}, "488": {"fulltext": "478 SUSSEX COUNTY.\\narmy left Morristown for Newburg their route lay through this vil-\\nlage. On the road between here and Newton, on the farm of Mr.\\nWilliam English, is the grave of a soldier who died on the march.\\nIn the summer of 1842 there died in this vicinity an eccentric\\nnegro man, called Col. Joe, at the advanced age of 113 years.\\nSome thirty or forty years since the colored people were accus-\\ntomed to annually assemble from 40 or 50 miles around, generally\\non the 4th of July, on the banks of the Delaware, to the number of\\ntwo or three hundred, and have military parades. The colonel,\\nbeing a leading man among them, and having served in the French\\nand revolutionary wars, was generally appointed commander an\\noffice he filled with due military pomp and dignity. In the evening,\\nafter the parade, the females would join, and a general dance and\\nfrolic close the festivities of the day. The colonel had been a slave,\\nbut at the time of his death was free. He was a character of con-\\nsiderable notoriety, had an uncommon talent for relating stories,\\nand as his life was one of varied incident, his biography would\\ndoubtless furnish an amusing if not instructive chapter.\\nAndover, 6 miles S. of Newton, contains a store, grist-mill, a\\nBaptist church, and a few dwellings.\\nSANDISTON.\\nThe average length of this township is about 7 miles, breadth 6\\nmiles bounded NE. by Montague SE. by Wantage, Frankford,\\nand Newton SW. by Walpack, and W. by the Delaware. There\\nare in Sandiston, 9 schools, 279 scholars. Pop. 1209.\\nThe Blue mountain runs through the eastern part the other\\nportions of the township are generally level and fertile. The two\\nmain branches of the Flatkill enter the township on the north, and\\nunite near the southern boundary. Dingman s bridge crosses the\\nDelaware from this township. Peter s Valley in the western part,\\n14 miles NW. of Newton, is a thriving village, containing a Method-\\nist church and 15 or 20 dwellings.\\nSTILLWATER.\\nStillwater was formed from Hardwick, Warren co., in 1824. It\\nis 7 miles long, with an average width of 5 miles bounded NE. by\\nNewton, SE. by Green, SW. by Hardwick, Warren co., and NW.\\nby Walpack. There are in the township, 3 stores, 4 grist-m., and 3\\nsaw-m. cap. in manufac. $32,675 12 schools, and 300 scholars.\\nPop. 1476.\\nThe surface is generally hilly, and the Blue mountain runs on the\\nNW. boundary. New Paterson, on Swartwout s Pond, 5 miles W.\\nof Newton, is a small but thriving village which has sprung into\\nexistence within a few years. It contains a store, an extensive", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0490.jp2"}, "489": {"fulltext": "SUSSEX COUNTY. 479\\ntannery, 2 saw-mills, and about 20 dwellings. Stillwater, 7 miles\\nSW. of Newton, on the Paulinskill, contains 2 stores, a large grist-\\nmill, an academy, a Presbyterian church, and about 20 dwellings.\\nSwartwout s Pond,* a beautiful sheet of water, near the NE. boundary of\\nthe township, is about 3 miles long, and 1 broad. It derives its name from\\na man by the name of Swartwout, who in the time of the French and Indian\\nwar lived close to the northerly edge of the pond, in what is now a rich and\\nbeautiful plain, just south of the village of New Paterson. Swartwout was\\nan officer in the British colonial service, and by reason of his active service\\nagainst the French and their Indian allies, drew upon himself the vengeance\\nof the latter.\\nAt that time only a few dwellings (log-houses) were to be found in the\\ntownship of Stillwater and perhaps none, exceedingly few at any rate, in\\nNewton, and the other townships of Sussex county, excepting Sandiston or\\nMontague, and even there it was not populous. A few families had recently\\nsettled in Stillwater, the Hunt, Harker, and Shafer possibly a few others\\nin the neighborhood but almost strictly speaking, this county was a wilder-\\nness.\\nOne of the Hunt family, and the head of the Harker family, father of Mr.\\nSamuel Harker, who still lives on or near the old homestead, and who is\\nquite a sensible old man, had gained the particular ill-will of the Indians\\nfor taking strong ground against them. It appears that a party of Indians\\nfrom Pennsylvania had determined on capturing these three men, viz\\nThomas Hunt, Harker, and Swartwout. They accordingly crossed the\\nDelaware, near where Dingman s bridge now is, and in the evening reached\\nthe log-house of Hunt having travelled about 15 miles on the Jersey side\\nof the river.\\nThey were discovered before they reached the house, soon enough for a.\\nyoung man, Thomas Hunt, and a negro, (the only persons then in the house,)\\nto shut and fasten the door, and secure themselves from immediate capture.\\nThe negro was faithfully occupied in his legitimate calling, of sawing cat-\\ngut before a good cheerful fire, for the edification, probably, of his young\\ncompanion, and his own amusement, when these prowling sons of the forest\\ndisturbed their quietude and silenced the merry strains of the violin, and\\nthat, too, most effectually for no sooner was Cuffee aware of his danger,\\nthan he threw his fiddle into the fire, and awaited in trembling suspense the\\nresult of the unwelcome visit.\\nThe Indians finally succeeded in gaining admittance, by threatening to\\nburn down the house and those in it, unless they soon found peaceable en-\\ntrance. They proceeded with their captives to Harker s, the elder brother\\nof Hunt, whom they came to take, being away from home attending to his\\nduties as an officer of the colonial troops. There were about a dozen men\\nat this time at Harker s, his own help, and some who had been on a frolic\\nduring the day. The Indians, on reconnoitring, thought it imprudent to at-\\ntack them, and went away. They were discovered to have been at the\\nhouse the following morning, by their tracks in a newly ploughed field, and\\ntheir number, by the same means, ascertained to be thirteen.\\nFrom Harker s they returned towards the Delaware, by a route around\\nthe southerly end of the Great Pond, when in five miles they arrived at\\nSwartwout s residence. In this the cunning of the Indians was evinced.\\nCommunicated by Nelson Robinson, Esq. of Newton.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0491.jp2"}, "490": {"fulltext": "480 SUSSEX COUNTY.\\nMeditating Swartwout s destruction when they started, they passed hy to\\ncommence their depredations further off from their homes first, so as to\\narouse no antagonists between themselves and the river to cut off their re-\\ntreat and perhaps the chance of Swartwout s discovering them at an ear-\\nlier hour in the evening, if he had then approached his house, and being\\nthereby enabled to do some serious execution among them, might have been\\nanother reason for delaying their plans against him. But having, stealthily\\nand unnoticed, passed through the forests to the extent of their proposed in-\\ncursion, and accomplished their object as far as practicable, they trace their\\nway back, leaving their outrages all behind, and not on ground which they\\nmust repass.\\nMrs. Swartwout, soon after their approach to the house, without a thought\\nof danger, went out to the milk-house, and was instantly shot down. Swart-\\nwout himself, being thus apprized of his danger, sprang for his loaded rifle and\\nmusket successively, and killed two or three and wounded others, before he\\nwas captured. After which they conveyed him to a place about one mile\\nNW. of his dwelling, and fastened one end of his entrails to a tree, (the\\nstump of which was shown to me,) and then he was tortured to death, after\\nhaving been compelled to witness the cruel destruction of a large family of\\nchildren, except two, a son and a daughter. They beat him, lacerated him,\\nand forced him to wind out his bowels around the tree by walking around it.\\nWhat devils at revenge\\nAfter this horrid display of savage ferocity the party proceeded on their\\nreturn. On recrossing the Delaware one of them lost his rifle, which slip-\\nped from his grasp between the logs of the raft and the depth of the water,\\ntogether with their haste to get out of the white man s reach, obliged them\\nto leave it there, where it must still remain, the only rifle yet known to be\\nin our midst, loaded by one of these warriors of the forest, who, about a cen-\\ntury ago, dealt out ruin and wide-spread desolation among the pioneers of\\nthese then untamed wilds.\\nHunt and the negro were taken to the French in Canada, whence the\\nnegro made his escape shortly after back to this country. Hunt was three\\nyears after exchanged for some French captives. He returned here, lived\\nto an advanced age, and related the perils of his boyhood many a time to\\nknots of listeners, who would gather around him to hear the thrilling ac-\\ncount of days gone by.\\nHe said after his capture he was for a time at a loss to know how to get\\nalong with the Indians, but he thought he would try to please them by act-\\ning as near like them as he could in eating and other respects. This suc-\\nceeded, and they consequently treated him well. The little son and daugh-\\nter of the murdered Swartwout were brought up by the Indians. The girl\\nmarried a chief among them, and the boy, becoming attached to the Indian\\nlife, chose to live with them. Upon arriving at manhood, he having learned\\nabout his parentage, visited the home of his youth but civilization had lost\\nits charms for the adopted child of the woods, and he returned to spend his\\ndays with the inhabitants of the forest an Indian in all, save birth, features,\\nand complexion.\\nVERNON.\\nThe greatest length of this township is 1 1 m. breadth 9 m. It\\nis bounded NE. by part of Orange co., N. Y. SE. by West Milford,", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0492.jp2"}, "491": {"fulltext": "SUSSEX COUNTY. 481\\nPassaic co. SW. by Hardiston, and W. by Wantage. There are\\n2 forges, 3 grist-m., 4 saw-m. cap. in manufac. $14,210 12 schools,\\n371 scholars. Pop. 2,395.\\nThe greater portion of the township is covered with the Wawa-\\nyanda, Wallkill, and Pochunk mountains, on the summits of which\\nare several small lakes. They are very lofty, and contain abun-\\ndance of iron-ore. The township is well watered by numerous\\nstreams, of which the Wallkill Hows on its western boundary.\\nNear the south part of Vernon commences the marshy tract, known\\nas the drowned lands of the Wallkill so called from being an-\\nnually submerged by freshets. The valley of this stream is nar-\\nrow, until it crosses into the state of New York, where the marsh\\nextends five miles in width, through which the river flows, with\\na scarcely perceptible current. No successful effort has been made\\nto wholly drain this tract. Wherever it has been done, it discloses\\na soil of rich vegetable mould. The following is part of a pub-\\nlished article on the mineralogical character of this region, by\\nDr. Samuel Fowler, a scientific gentleman of this vicinity\\nPerhaps in no quarter of the globe is there so much found to interest the mineralogist\\nas in the white crystalline calcareous valley, commencing at Mounts Adam and Eve, in\\nthe county of Orange and state of New York, about three miles from the line of the\\nstate of New Jersey and continuing thence through Vernon, Hamburg, Franklin,\\nSterling, Sparta, and Byram, a distance of about 25 miles, in the county of Sussex,\\nN. J. This limestone is highly crystalline, containing no organic remains and is the\\ngreat imbedding matrix of all the curious and interesting minerals found in this valley.\\nWhen burned, it produces lime of a superior quality. A considerable quantity of this\\nstone is burned into lime, near Hamburg and, when carted to the towns below, as\\nPaterson, Newark, c, is sold for $1 per bushel. It is principally used in masonry\\nfor whitewashing, cornice-work, and wall of a fine, hard finish and is considered supe-\\nrior to the best Rhode Island lime. Some varieties, particularly the granular, furnish a\\nbeautiful marble. It is often white, with a slight tinge of yellow, resembling the Parian\\nmarble, from the island of Paros at other times clouded black, sometimes veined black,\\nand at other times arborescent.\\nHamburg is a flourishing manufacturing village, on the south\\nboundary of the township, 13 miles NE. of Newton. It contains\\n1 forge, 1 blast-furnace, 2 large grist-m., 2 saw-m., 4 stores, an\\nacademy, a Baptist church, and about 40 dwellings. Vernon is\\nbeautifully situated, between the Pochunk and Wawayanda moun-\\ntains, in the northern part of the township. It contains 2 stores,\\n1 grist and 1 saw m., 3 blacksmiths, 3 wagon-makers, 1 tannery,\\na few dwellings, and a Methodist church. The surrounding coun-\\ntry is peopled with thriving agriculturists and, from the village,\\nan extensive and beautiful prospect is had, to the north, of the ad-\\njoining county of Orange.\\nWALPACK.\\nThis township has an average length of 8 miles, with a width\\nof 3 miles. It is bounded NE. by Sandiston, SE. by Stillwater,\\nSW. by Pahaquarry, (Warren co.,) and NW. by the Delaware.\\n61", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0493.jp2"}, "492": {"fulltext": "482 SUSSEX COUNTY.\\nThere are in the township 2 grist, 2 saw m. cap. in manufac.\\n$10,075 4 schools, 120 scholars. Pop. 728.\\nThe Blue mountain covers a large part of the eastern portion\\nbetween this and the Delaware the soil is fertile, and productive\\nin wheat. The Flatkill runs centrally through the township, and\\nempties into the Delaware, at the southern boundary. Van Camp s\\nbrook, which takes its rise from a pond, on the summit of the Blue\\nmountain, courses through the southern part. Flatbrookville is a\\nsmall a illage at the junction of the Flatkill with the Delaware,\\n18 miles west of Newton. It contains a store, a grist and saw m.\\nand about 20 dwellings.\\nWANTAGE.\\nWantage is 11 miles long, and about 7 broad. It is bounded N.\\nby part of Orange co., (New York,) E. by Vernon, S. by Hardis-\\nton and Frankford, and W. by Montague. The Wallkill river,\\nwhich runs on the eastern boundary, and its branches, water the\\ntownship. The township contains 11 stores, 10 grist, 8 saw-m.\\ncap. in manufac. $73,925 22 schools, 573 scholars. Pop. 3,908.\\nThere are also in Wantage nine churches 3 Presbyterian, 3\\nBaptist, 1 Congregational, 1 Methodist, and 1 Unitarian. On the\\nClove creek there are, within a distance of less than 5 miles, 4\\nvaluable mill-establishments at each of which there is a grist-\\nin., plaster-m., and saw-m. There are also a fulling-m., carding-\\nfac, and clover-m., at the lower establishment, which is near the\\nvillage of Deckertown.\\nThe following description of this township was communicated\\nfor this work by a gentleman now residing there.\\nWantage comprises that portion of the general Kittanny valley which lies between\\nthe Pochunk mountain on the east, and the Blue mountain on the west. This part of\\nthe great valley just named is not a level surface, but traversed from north to south by\\nseveral ranges of low hills, with vales of considerable width between. These sub-valleys\\nare drained by two streams, which unite near the Wallkill, and empty into that river\\nThese streams run almost exactly in opposite directions, and together form nearly a\\nstraight line from north to south through the township. The northern stream flows\\nfrom a romantic and beautiful pond near the New York state line, and runs south\\nthrough the exceedingly rich valley, called the Clove, a distance of 6 or 7 miles to the\\nvillage of Deckertown here it meets and unites with the Papakating, (commonly called\\nThe Peper-cotton, a stream of about equal length and size, but rising southward in\\nthe adjoining town of Frankford. This stream runs almost due north until it unites with\\nthe Clove creek just described, after which it turns east, and after running about a mile,\\nempties into the Wallkill. The natural scenery of this region is rarely surpassed. The\\nPochunk on the east is a low oval-shaped mountain, clothed, in many places, with cul-\\ntivated fields to the summit. The Blue mountain, on the opposite side of the general\\nvalley, is higher and more precipitous. From many points on both these mountains the\\nmost lovely prospects of rural scenery appear. From the farm of Joseph Little, Esq.,\\non the top of the Pochunk, is one of the best of these views. From this spot, the eye\\ncomprehends at one glance about 75 miles of the length of the Blue mountain. This\\nextensive view stretches north nearly to the Catskill, and south to the Delaware Water\\nGap. Intermediate of this picturesque margin, is spread out the entire width of the\\nKittanny valley. This vast landscape is continuously intermingled with woodlands\\nand flourishing fields. Villages and farm-houses are thickly dotted over the whole.", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0494.jp2"}, "493": {"fulltext": "SUSSEX COUNTY.\\n483\\nThe season when this prospect is most lovely is, when the fields are white unto har-\\nvests \u00e2\u0080\u0094or rather yellow and green, for these are the predominant colors at that delight-\\nful period. The beholder gazes on the commingled hues the deep green meadow\\ncovering the long and narrow vales, meandered through by the pure and glittering\\nstreams that flow slowly and silently between their low and grassy banks. Along the\\ngently sloping hill-sides, and on their summits, the fields of ripe grain present their hues\\nof waving gold. Again, the numerous flocks of large and glossy cattle are luxuriating\\nin the pastures of deep and blooming clover. All these rich charms of nature are spread\\nout, like a painted canvass, over the entire township. This region is celebrated for the\\nvigorous health and blooming beauty of its young females, which is thought to arise, in\\nsome measure, from their pastoral occupation in the employment of the dairy. At the\\napproach of evening, flocks of those beautiful daughters of industry are seen going forth\\nto milk the large droves of cows, so that the romantic lover of classic simplicity might\\nimagine that he was transferred on the backward car of time to the sunny plains of an-\\neient Mantua.\\nSouthwest Vieic of Deckertoivn.\\nThe thriving village of Deckertown is situated 13 miles N. of\\nNewton, on the E. bank of the Deep Clove river. The above view\\nwas taken near the residence of Matthew H. Cooper, Esq., at the\\nsouthwestern entrance into the village. The Presbyterian church\\nis seen on the left, and the Deckertown academy on the right.\\nThere is a Baptist church near the village, and the village itself\\ncontains 4 stores, 1 fulling, 1 clover, 1 saw, and 2 grist mills, a va-\\nriety of mechanic shops, about 50 dwellings, and a population of\\nnear 500. Beemersville, 5 miles W. of Deckertown, contains 3\\nstores, a grist and a saw mill, 1 Baptist and 1 Presbyterian church,\\nand about 20 dwellings. The Clove is an agricultural vicinity 2^\\nmiles N. of Deckertown, where there is a Presbyterian church.\\nThe annexed items, relating principally to this section of country,\\nwere furnished by Mr. William Rankin, the principal of the high-\\nschool at Deckertown.\\nIn the latter part of the 17th century, some Huguenots, or French protcstants, who\\nhad been exiled to Holland, emigrated to America, and passing up the Hudson river,\\nsettled at the mouth of the Wallkill river, near the present site of Kingston. In after\\nyears, individuals from this settlement, which was composed of French and Hollanders.\\nin their explorations, passed down the Mamakating valley to the Delaware river, and form", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0495.jp2"}, "494": {"fulltext": "484 SUSSEX COUNTY.\\ned a settlement at the mouth of the Navisink. About the year 1740, a man by the name\\nof Peter Decker, a Hollander by descent, passed over the Kittanny or Blue mountain,\\nfrom the Navisink settlement, in pursuit of good land upon which to settle. He descend-\\ned into the valley, now the town of Wantage, and selecting the place where Deckertown\\nnow stands, built a house, probably the first white man s abode in the township. This\\nhouse stood near the site of the present tavern of Horace Vibbert, Esq. This Peter\\nDecker, the original pioneer of Wantage, was grandfather to the present Bowdewine\\nDecker, Esq., of the Clove, and was the predecessor of almost all the large and respecta-\\nble connection of people of the same name now in the township. A short time after\\nDecker, two other individuals of the Navisink settlement also crossed the Blue moun-\\ntain in pursuit of tillable land these were by the names of Winfield and Courtright.\\nAlter making diligent search throughout the Wantage vallej they could find, as they sup-\\nposed, but little land fit for cultivation exlubiting an instance of the Hollander s error,\\nin judging of the quality of land in a country differing in aspect from his own. It seem-\\ned these low Dutch people, on first coming to this country, thought no land worth culti-\\nvating but level fiats. Winfield selected a spot of about eleven acres on the farm now\\nowned by Thomas I. Ludlum, Esq. This he supposed might be worth clearing for the\\npurpose of growing wheat and corn. Courtright found 5 acres nearer the mountain,\\nwhich he thought might also pay the labor of cultivation. From this time emigrations\\ncontinued to be made into this valley, and additions to the infant settlement.\\nIn the year 1770, a few Baptist iamilies from the New England states settled where\\nHamburgh now is, and built the first houses there. They were of the names of Marsh,\\nHart, and Southworth. They selected one of their number, a Mr. Marsh, to be their\\npreacher, and thus laid the foundation of the first Baptist church in the county. In\\n1777, the Rev. Mr. Nicholas Cox, from Philadelphia, became the preacher in this Bap-\\ntist church. Two houses of public worship had now been erected, one at Hamburgh,\\nand the other at Augusta. In about 17p2, the house at Hamburgh was taken down and\\nrebuilt on the site where the present Baptist church stands, near the village of Decker-\\ntown. In 1783, the Rev. Mr. Finn became pastor of this church in 1765, the Rev. Silas\\nSouthworth; in 1816 the Rev. Mr. Hall; in 1821, the Rev. Mr. Hagan in 1626, the\\nRev. Mr. Fletcher in 1832, the Rev. Mr. Jackson in 1837, the Rev. Mr. Moore in\\n1840, the Rev. Mr. Fay in 1842, the Rev. Mr. Leach.\\nDuring the French and Indian war, a Mr. Crowell, yet living in this township, being\\nabout 88 years old, remembers that, when a child, his father was called out in defence of\\nthe settlement against the Indians, who were lurking through this then thinly populated\\nregion, for the purpose of massacring helpless and unprotected families. His mother\\nwas left alone with some small children in the dark night, as they were preparing to go\\nto bed, suddenly the dog broke out with that peculiar and terrific kind of barking which\\nwas but too well known by the settlers to be caused by the scent of Indians. This ven-\\nerable old man yet distinctly remembers that moment of thrilling interest, when his\\nmother, turning pale as a cloth, (as he expresses it,) earnestly urged him, a small boy,\\nto run out into the woods and hide, that he might save his life, for she could not escape\\nwith her infant children, but must remain in the house and be murdered with them but\\nthe little boy, refusing to go, clung round his mother s neck in floods of tears, declaring\\nthat he would die with her. The Indians, however, through cowardice, or for some other\\nreason, did not approach the house.\\nDuring the revolutionary war, there lived near the mouth of the Navisink a Mr. Van\\nEtten. He was a blacksmith, and on a certain day was working in his shop with his\\nblack man, who was helping him, when they beheld a party of hostile Indians approach-\\ning What was to he done The negro was not in much danger, for the Indians\\nscarcely ever murdered negroes, but the master There was but a moment. The black\\nman urged him to creep up the chimney, which, being an old-fashioned one, was large.\\nIn a moment the Indians entered the shop, eagerly looking round for its owner, but pay-\\ning very little attention to the black. At length, despairing of finding a victim, they\\ncommenced investigating the fixtures in the shop. After hammering a while on the an-\\nvil, one of the party caught hold, and began blowing the bellows, starting the smoke and\\ndusk briskly up the chimney. Stop, stop, stop, stop that blaw-muck, (as Pompey and\\nhis master called the bellows in Dutch,) expostulated the faithful black, at the same time\\ncatching the Indian by the arm. The savage took it all in good part, relinquished his\\nhold on the handle of the bellows, and in a few minutes, with all his party, carelessly\\nleft the premises. When the Indians were clear gone, Mr. V. crawled down from his\\nsooty retreat, thanked Pompey for his faithful conduct, and both, well satisfied with the\\nresult of the enterprise, set in to finish their day s work.", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0496.jp2"}, "495": {"fulltext": "SUSSEX COUNTY. 485\\nAt a time when the Indians were known to be prowling: through the woods with hos-\\ntile intentions, a settler in the town of Wantage, being in need of provision for his fami.\\nly, ventured into the forest in pursuit of game with his gun and dog. He unfortunately\\nlost his knowledge of courses, and wandered in the woods, unable to find his way home,\\ntill night came on. He crept into a large hollow tree, with his gun and dog. When all\\nwere about prepared to go to sleep, the dog became suddenly agitated, and broke forth in\\nviolent barking. The man well knew that this unguarded conduct of his fellow-lodger\\nwould betray their retreat to all Indians within a mile round. To cut the throat of the\\ndog would be the only effectual barrier to his dangerous indiscretions. But then this\\nwould be dishonorable, and not very just for, although the barking was ill-timed, he\\nknew it was certainly well meant. So he resorted to expostulations and entreaties with\\nthe dog, and to holding his mouth shut. At length all became pretty quiet again. Many\\nanxious hours had now passed away in listening to every rustling motion of the sur-\\nrounding bramble when suddenly again the dog s every nerve quivered and as he ut-\\ntered a loud bark and growl, a most terrific snort of a horse echoed through the gloomy\\nwoods. This sent a most thrilling panic through the very souls of the old oak s trem-\\nbling tenants for the Indians were known frequently to travel through the forest on horse-\\nback. All was fearful expectation and watchful anxiety, till day-break brought relief by\\nexhibiting several horses feeding at a distance on the natural grass of the woods, and\\nenabling the lost wanderers, during the course of the day, to find their way safely home.\\nA Mr. Decker had gone out into a field which lay some distance from his house, and\\non elevated ground. Ere he was aware, two Indians were creeping stealthily around\\nhim, intending to intercept his retreat homeward, and capture him. On his making an\\nattempt to escape, both Indians fired their guns at him, but fortunately missed. A chase\\nnow commenced of some quarter of a mile Decker to reach his house, and the Indians\\nto overtake him previous to his gaining that point. The family of Decker observed the\\npursuit, but did not at once recognise the characters, when the eldest son, a boy of 14\\nyears old, eyeing narrowly the foremost of the three individuals, exclaimed, That s dad\\nand quick as lightning snatched the old loaded musket, ran into an orchard towards\\nwhich the chase was proceeding, and placed himself behind a tree, by which the runners\\nsoon passed. One of the Indians was now almost at the heels of Decker. As they\\npassed the boy behind the tree, he pulled trigger, but the old musket snapped. Instantly\\nthe Indian stopped, hearing the snap of the gun, and looking round about, not discover-\\ning the boy, yet apprehensive that danger was nigh, he turned and fled, leaving Decker\\nto reach his house and family in safety.\\nThe additional particulars given below respecting the history\\nof Wantage were furnished by an aged and worthy clergyman of\\nthe place.\\nThe early settlers of this town are of a mixed origin, some of German,\\nand others of New England descent. It would perhaps be as near the truth\\nto say, that some of the first families that emigrated to this region were de-\\nscended from the confines of France and Germany, claiming an alliance\\nwith both countries, or either, as the locality of their ancestors might de-\\ntermine.* We are thus brought into close affinity with the Huguenots and\\nWaldenses, as well as the Pilgrims of New England, and the well-known\\nWallkill marks the line, and commemorates the name of freemen of whom\\nthe world was not worthy. One hundred years carries us back to the\\nperiod when the fierce Algic tribes claimed our fertile fields as their own\\nhunting-grounds, and dense forests waved in primitive glory, and the deer,\\nthe bear, and panther bled, where now milk and honey flow.\\nThe lady by whose side I now sit, (Mrs. Catharine Vanauken,) well\\nremembers, and relates with intense feelings, the famous battle of Minisink,\\nthat clad in the weeds of mourning the young colony, stretching from Wan-\\ntage over Orange co., N. Y., along the foot of the Kittanny mountain.\\nAs the family names of Neapos, Consauls, Winfields, Vananwigens, Wildrichs,\\nWestfalls, Westbrooks, Jobes, Shumars, Deckers, Vanaukens, Fitzworths, Meddaughs,\\nCuddabachs, and others, sufficiently indicate.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0497.jp2"}, "496": {"fulltext": "486 SUSSEX COUNTY.\\nThis massacre of the whites was announced in the morning, when the set-\\ntlement on the Navisink, where three states join, was assembled to pay their\\nlast respects to a deceased neighbor. As the procession left the Ma-hak-a-\\nmack meeting-house, the smoke of their barns and dwellings, mills and\\nchurch, just vacated by the pastor and his little flock, sufficiently marked\\nthe track of a savage band approaching with hostile intent. The name of\\nBrant, their leader, was a terror to the whites, as when the lion is known to\\nprowl about an African hamlet. But an occurrence took place here which\\nshows that a spark of sympathy still glowed in the fierce warrior s heart.\\nHis party had invaded the school where, at a stroke, the hopes of the set-\\ntlement were to be crushed and annihilated. Jeremiah Vanauken the\\nteacher was taken from the house, and, at about half a mile, killed.\\nSome of the little boys were already cleft with the tomahawk others had\\nbetaken themselves to the woods for concealment from the merciless pur\\nsuers, while their little sisters stood by the wayside, near the corpse of their\\nteacher, trembling and weeping, not knowing whether death or captivity\\nawaited them, when suddenly a brawny Indian approached, and with his\\nbrush of black paint dashed it across their aprons, bidding them to hold\\nup the mark if they saw an Indian, and they would be safe, and with a\\nsavage yell he plunged into the forest and disappeared. It was Brant.\\nThe little ones were safe. The Indian saw the mark, and passed on. But\\ntheir brothers, could not this sign be made to avail for them too It could,\\nby a process simple, innocent, and childlike, that would render their own\\nescape doubly joyous, and that beguiled many an after hour of sweet con-\\ntemplation, and still lights up with expressions of delight the countenance\\nof my respected informant, after the lapse of more than half a century.\\nThe dispersed children were soon found and collected, over whom their\\nlittle sisters threw their outer garment, and again held up their apron, the\\npalladium of safety, while the Indians passed and repassed. They were\\nspared, to the joy of their parents and friends. Mrs. Catharine Vanauken s\\nmother, Leah Vanauken, escaped the fury of the Indians by concealing\\nherself in a ditch.* The next day left the bones of some 80 of the inhabit-\\nants of Minisink to bleach in the valley of the Delaware. This occurred\\nin July of 1781, about 62 years ago. After about 40 years had elapsed,\\nin 1822, their bones were collected, and, on the 4th of July, interred at Go-\\nshen, Orange co., N. Y.\\nWould it not be well for our young ladies to spend a little time in re-\\nflecting upon the perils, the toils, and hardships, endured by their fathers\\nand mothers, to gain the patrimony, the luxuries, refinements, and privi-\\nleges, with which their daughters are now so richly blessed Think of the\\nday when females put on their hats and paraded in the forts thrown about\\ntheir dwellings when they beat the drum, when they handled the rifle, at\\nleast to awe their savage foes, and when they rode miles as an express,\\nthrough the lonely forest of the Kittanny, to give the alarm to the distant\\nsettlements upon the east of the Blue mountain, while their fathers, hus-\\nbands, and brothers, were facing the dangers of an Indian warfare. Could\\nsuch reflections fail to inspire the sentiments uttered by the Psalmist, Our\\nsoul is escaped as a bird out of the snare of the fowler the snare is broken,\\nand we are escaped\\nElijah Vanauken, father of D. Vanauken, was wounded slightly his uncle James\\nVanauken, and his own brother Jeremiah, were killed.", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0498.jp2"}, "497": {"fulltext": "SUSSEX COUNTY. 487\\nIt is about 60 years since the first church in Wantage, then known as the\\nClove church, was organized under the preaching of Rev. Von Ben Schoten,\\nwhose congregation then embraced Wantage, Montague, and Minisink.\\nPerhaps few settlements can be named where the gospel has been preached\\nwith more success, and this region may be added to the many other in-\\nstances recorded to attest that the covenant mercies of God have continued to\\nroll down the line of the Huguenots, Waldenses, and Pilgrim Fathers, in a\\nmanner that fully verifies the promise of Him who said to Abraham, I will\\nbe a God unto thee, and to thy seed after thee.\\nAlthough Wantage has long been celebrated for the wealth of its inhabitants, it has\\nnot until recently fostered literature within its own precincts. Formerly, the wealthy\\ncitizens who wished to educate their sons and daughters, sent them off to boarding-\\nschools in some different section of the country. Common schools were also in a low\\ncondition. No select school of any permanency had been sustained in the township\\nuntil near the close of the year 1833, when an enterprise was undertaken by Wm. Ran-\\nkin, in the village of Deckertown. A few circumstances relative to the establishment\\nof the school at Deckertown, will serve to throw light on the subject of education in\\nthis region. When the above-named gentleman proposed to open a select school in the\\ncentral and main village in this township at the time mentioned, so little interest was\\nfelt in the proposal, that he could procure no room but a small building about 14 feet\\nsquare, in an inconvenient part of the village. This, however, he rented, and com-\\nmenced his first term with a single scholar and this lone pupil was not of the state of\\nNew Jersey, but from New York. This discouraging commencement did not arise\\nfrom want of knowledge of, or confidence in the teacher, for he had been favorably\\nknown in the county for several years previous as a classical instructor. Neither was\\nit because the inhabitants were averse to education but it stands as an illustration of\\nthe strength of habit on communities, and the difficulty of breaking over the barriers of\\nlong-continued custom. They had never fostered education within their own limits,\\nand therefore they had no faith in this infant institution. It was universally looked on\\nas a romantic and totally impracticable undertaking. But the school went on, and for\\nthe first week with one scholar only, who accompanied his preceptor to and from the\\nschool-room at regular hours, resembling a hen with one chicken. However, before the\\nensuing spring, the school numbered 20 scholars. One anecdote further concerning this\\nschool at its commencement, when the school had been in operation about 2 months.\\nThe teacher had locked the school-room door one evening, and walked out of the village,\\nand did not return till about eleven o clock he was surprised to see his school-room\\nlighted, knowing that he had left it locked. Upon approaching a window, be perceived\\nthe room to be filled with well-dressed, gentlemanly-looking men some standing, others\\nseated round a table, which was almost covered with money of various kinds all giving\\nprofound attention to the game that was in progress with cards. He then unlocked the\\ndoor, and stepped in no seeming notice, however, was taken of him, and after ob-\\nserving the scene for a few minutes, he observed to a gentleman standing near him,\\nthat he would be thankful if, when they were done using the room, they would leave it\\nin good order. He then retired, and in the morning, upon returning, found the room\\ndivested of men, money, and table, the door locked all in good condition. He subse-\\nquently learned that this room had been the regular meeting-place of an extensive circle\\nof gamblers, who met from time to time pursuant to their own appointments. They\\nhad assembled in the evening, found the door locked, obtained a key, opened the door,\\ncarried in a table, and constituted the last regular-built gambling scene that has, and,\\nit is hoped, that ever will disgrace the village of Deckertown.\\nThe following is extracted from an advertisement in the Sussex Register of May 22,\\n1843, and will serve to show the results of an institution which, ten years ago, we have\\nseen struggling, under such adverse circumstances, for existence.\\nThe Principal of the school at Deckertown commenced his career of instruction in\\nthis county about fifteen years ago, and since that period the youth that have been under\\nhis charge number about one thousand. Few years within this time have elapsed,\\nwithout more or less of his pupils becoming prepared to enter college, or commence pro-\\nfessional studies and a large proportion of the schools in the surrounding country have\\nbeen, and are, conducted by teachers qualified from the same source of instruction.\\nFew cases occur of a bias of mind so strong and exclusive towards a particular pursuit,\\nas is evinced by this individual in his favorite occupation of instructing youth. This", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0499.jp2"}, "498": {"fulltext": "488 WARREN COUNTY.\\nhas been manifested from the increasing zeal and ardor which has existed in this insti-\\ntution for the last year, to keep pace with the most recent and best methods of instruc-\\ntion, and to cultivate an acquaintance with the most useful and interesting developments\\nof science.\\nWARREN COUNTY.\\nWarren county was originally the southern part of Sussex co.\\nit was formed into a distinct county in 1824. It is about 32 miles\\nlong, with an average width of about 13 miles. It is bounded NE.\\nby Sussex co., SE. by Hunterdon and Morris cos., and W. by the\\nDelaware river. The county is well watered by many streams\\nemptying into the Delaware among which are the Musconetcong,\\nPohatcong, Lopatcong, Pequest, and Paulinskill. The surface\\nof the county is generally mountainous or hilly, with fertile val-\\nleys intervening. The most prominent ranges are the Blue moun-\\ntain on the NW., and the Musconetcong on the SW. boundary.\\nThere is a great variety of soil in the county, generally fertile\\nand in the valleys of some of the streams peculiarly so. Lime is\\nmuch used as a manure and some parts of the county are very\\nproductive in wheat. As a whole, this is one of the best agricul-\\ntural districts in the state and husbandry is in an improving con-\\ndition. The Morris canal commences at Philipsburg, on the Dela-\\nware, runs through the SE. tier of townships, and leaves the\\ncounty at its NE. angle. The following is a list of the townships,\\nwhich are ten in number\\nFranklin, Hope, Mansfield,\\nGreenwich, Independence, Oxford,\\nHardwick, Knowlton, Pahaquarry.\\nHarmony,\\nThe population of the county, in 1830, was 18,627 in 1840,\\n20,366.\\nFRANKLIN.\\nFranklin was recently formed from Mansfield and Greenwich.\\nIt is about 5 miles square bounded NE. by Mansfield, SE. by\\nBethlehem, (Hunterdon co.,) W. by Greenwich, and NW. by Har-\\nmony. There are in the township 6 schools, 440 scholars. Pop.\\n1,348.\\nThe surface is mountainous, with broad fertile valleys. Broad-\\nway and New Village, on the line of the Morris canal, in the NW.\\npart of the township, contain each about 20 dwellings. Asbury,\\na flourishing village on the Musconetcong creek, about a mile from\\nthe base of the Musconetcong mountains, and 12 miles from Bel-\\nvidere, in a fertile limestone valley, contains 2 stores, 1 plaster, 1", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0500.jp2"}, "499": {"fulltext": "WARREN COUNTY. 489\\nsaw, 1 fulling, and 2 grist m., a woollen factory, several mechanics,\\na Methodist church, and about 40 dwellings. In olden times there\\nwas a grist-mill on the north side of the creek, and a dwelling on\\nthe site of Van Antwerp s mill and the place was called Hall s\\nMills. In 1800, the corner-stone of the old Methodist Episcopal\\nchurch was laid, by the venerable Bishop Asbury, in honor of whom\\nthis village received its name. This was a small edifice, only 28\\nby 30 feet. It having been long in a dilapidated state, a new and\\nhandsome church, 38 by 48 feet, has recently been erected, with a\\nneat steeple, and dedicated on the 22d of December, 1842.\\nThe following inscription, to the memory of one of the founders\\nof this village, was copied from a monument in the graveyard ad-\\njoining the Methodist church\\nSacred to the memory of Col. William McCullough, who departed this life Feb. 9,\\n1840, aged 81 years, 1 month, and 19 days. He was a friend and promoter of internal\\nimprovements a member of the legislative council, for a number of years served up-\\nwards of thirty years as one of the judges of the court of common pleas, in Sussex and\\nWarren counties. He attached himself to the Methodist Episcopal church in the year\\n1786, and continued a useful member until his death. His end was peace.\\nThere is an excellent mineral spring near the NE. line of the\\ntownship, said to nearly equal that of the celebrated Schooley s\\nmountain, though not much frequented.\\nGREENWICH.\\nGreenwich is about 7 miles long, 6 wide and is bounded N. by\\nHarmony, E. by Franklin, SE. by Alexandria, (Hunterdon co.,) and\\nW. by the Delaware river. There are in the township 17 stores,\\n4 flouring-m., 6 grist-m., 8 saw-m., 4 oil-m. cap. in manufac.\\n$127,900; 13 schools, 911 scholars. Pop. 2,902. Its surface is\\nmountainous, with fertile valleys.\\nPhilipsburg, where the Morris canal connects with the Delaware,\\nis a village containing about 35 dwellings, on the Delaware river,\\nat the base of a high hill, opposite Easton, Penn., and 13 miles S.\\nof Belvidere. The annexed view was taken from Lehigh hill, a bold\\nbluff on the Pennsylvania side. Immediately beneath is seen the\\nLehigh river, at its junction with the Delaware and the Pennsyl-\\nvania canal, which connects with the coal-regions of that state.\\nFurther on is the bridge across the Delaware a splendid struc-\\nture, with stone piers, erected at an expense of about $80,000. On\\nthe right, part of Philipsburg, and on the left a portion of Easton,\\nare shown. In the distance the Delaware is seen, for several\\nmiles, until lost to view by high, picturesque mountains. The\\nscenery in this vicinity is uncommonly bold and beautiful.\\nStewartsville, a flourishing village, 13 miles from Belvidere, con-\\ntains a neat academy, used as a place for public worship, several\\nmechanic shops, stores, c, and about 45 dwellings. Finesville,\\nwhere there is a church, open to various denominations, near the\\n62", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0501.jp2"}, "500": {"fulltext": "490\\nWARREN COUNTY.\\nView of the Bridge across the Delaware, at Philipsburg.\\nSW. corner of the township, and Hughesville, both on the Musco-\\nnetcong creek, are small manufacturing villages, each containing\\nabout 20 dwellings. Reigle s Mills, Aliddleville, and Kennedy s,\\nare smaller places. At the latter is a substantial stone Presby-\\nterian church. Bloomsbury, 16 miles from Belvidere, on the county\\nline, is described on page 243 of this volume.\\nHARDWICK.\\nHard wick is about 10 miles long, with an average width of 4;\\nand is bounded NE. by Stillwater and Green, (Sussex co.) which\\ntwo townships, previous to the formation of this county, were part\\nof Hardwick SE. by Independence, W. by Hope and Knowlton,\\nand NW. by Pahaquarry.\\nThe face of the township is uneven, and the soil in the valleys\\nfertile. The Blue mountain skirts on the NW. boundary, and the\\nland in that section is stony. There are in the township 3 stores,\\n1 cotton factory, 2 tanneries, 6 grist-m., 3 saw-m. cap. in manu-\\nfac. 832,800 16 schools, 769 scholar?. Pop. 1,957.\\nJohnsonburg is near the centre of Hardwick, on the stage-road\\nfrom Newton to Easton, Pa., 15 miles from Belvidere, and 10 from\\nNewton. In olden times it -was the seat of justice for Sussex co.,\\nand at an early period was called the Log Jail from the cir-\\ncumstance of the jail being constructed of logs. Through the in-\\nfluence of a large landholder, a member of the legislature, the\\ncounty seat was removed to Newton about the year 1765. The\\nvillage contains 2 stores, a grist-mill, a tannery, a coach manufac-\\ntory, several mechanics, an Episcopal church, free for other de-\\nnominations, and about 200 inhabitants. Marksboro, on the Pau-\\nlinskill, contains a grist, saw, clover, and plaster mill, a cotton", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0502.jp2"}, "501": {"fulltext": "WARREN COUNTY. 491\\nfactory, a Presbyterian church, and about 20 dwellings. The White\\nPond lies near this place its sides and bottom are covered with a\\nsmall white shell composed about one half of lime, and considered\\nby some an excellent manure. Paulina, 2 miles W. of Marksboro,\\non the same stream, contains a store, tavern, grist-mill, carding-\\nmachine, tannery, c, and 10 or 12 dwellings. The first white\\ninhabitants who settled this township were the Greens, Hunts,\\nShafers, Dyers, Armstrongs, Wilsons, Lundys, c, many of whose\\ndescendants still remain.\\nHARMONY.\\nHarmony was formed from Greenwich and Mansfield in 1839. It\\nis about 6 miles long, 5 broad, and is bounded N. by Oxford, SE. by\\nFranklin, S. by Greenwich, and W. by the Delaware river. The\\nsurface is generally hilly, and the soil in the valleys fertile. There\\nare in the township, 2 liouring-m., 3 grist-m., and 4 saw-m. cap.\\nin manufac. $30,360 6 schools, 38G scholars. Pop. 1,602.\\nIn the central part of the township, on the road from Belvidere\\nto Easton, 7 miles from the former, and 5 from the latter, is a\\nsmall village where there is a large Presbyterian church and about\\n20 dwellings. This village is divided into two parts, called, re-\\nspectively, Upper and Lower Harmony. Roxburgh, on the same\\nroad, 4 miles south of Belvidere, contains about a dozen dwellings,\\na foundry, grist-mill, c.\\nHOPE\\nHope was formed from Oxford and Knowlton in 1839. It is\\nabout 7 miles long, and 5 wide bounded N. and NW. by Knowl-\\nton, E. by Hardwick and Independence, SE. by Mansfield, andSW.\\nby Oxford. The surface is mountainous, and the soil, in the valleys\\nof the Beaver brook and Pequest river, is fertile. Cap. in manu-\\nfac. 84,150; 6 schools, 311 scholars. Pop. 1,690.\\nThe first settlers in this region were Mr. Samuel Green and\\nfamily, from Long Island. He was the first surveyor employed in\\nthis vicinity, and came here about the commencement of the French\\nand Indian wars. The family were on friendly terms with the\\nIndians, who, being grateful for their kindness, warned them of the\\napproach of hostilities, so that they temporarily removed until the\\nwar was over.\\nThe annexed engraving shows the appearance of the village of\\nHope, as seen from the Jenny Jump mountain, an elevation of 600\\nor 800 feet. The notch or depression in the distant mountain\\nis the Delaware Water Gap, distant 12 miles. The village is 16\\nmiles from Newton, and 9 from Belvidere. It contains 1 Methodist,\\n1 Christ-ian, and 1 Episcopal church, 7 stores, many mechanic shops,", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0503.jp2"}, "502": {"fulltext": "492\\nWARREN COUNTY.\\nand about 60 dwellings. The churches and many of the other\\nbuildings are constructed of blue limestone. The Episcopal church,\\nerected in 1832, is one of the most elegant specimens of the Gothic\\nstyle of architecture in the state.\\nHope, from Jenny Jump Mountain.\\nSome years since an act of incorporation was obtained for an\\nassociation called the Warren County Mining Company. They\\ncommenced operations at a locality in the mountain about 3 miles\\nfrom the village. A shaft 100 feet in length was sunk at an angle\\nof 45 degrees. After working it, at various times, at considerable\\nexpense, it was abandoned. It seems they were deceived by iron\\npyrites in that locality, a substance which, from its resemblance to\\ngold, has often misled those unacquainted with mineralogy.\\nIn 1769, the Moravians from Bethlehem, Penn., purchased a tract\\nof about 1,000 acres at this place of Mr. Green, who lived in a log\\nhouse on the hill, a few rods from the Christ-ian church. The\\nMoravians who removed here were remarkably honest in all their\\ndealings but by trusting too much to the honesty of those with\\nwhom they had business, suffered in their pecuniary affairs. In\\n1805 or 6 they returned to their settlements at Bethlehem and\\nNazareth. While here, they erected a church and a tavern, which\\nlast stood where the Christ-ian church is now erected, and was burnt\\na few years since. The annexed engraving is a representation of\\nthe Union Hotel in the village, built of limestone. This structure\\nwas erected in 1781, and was originally the Moravian church, being\\nsurmounted with a cupola, which has since been taken down, and a\\nportico added.", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0504.jp2"}, "503": {"fulltext": "WARREN COUNTY.\\n493\\nThe United Brethren, or Moravians, derive their origin from the\\nGreek church, in the 9th century. The society, as at present, was\\nplaced on a permanent foundation in 1722, by Count Zinzendorf,\\na German nobleman. At the commencement of the last century,\\nafter more than two hundred of their congregations had been de-\\nHotel at Hope, (the Ancient Moravian Church.)\\nstroyed or dispersed by persecution in Moravia, a small remnant\\nfound refuge on his estates in Saxony, and through his patronage\\nbuilt Herrnhut, now their largest settlement. Count Zinzendorf, the\\ninstrument of renewing their church, was subsequently consecrated\\none of their bishops, and from thenceforward devoted his life to the\\ncause. Individuals of all religious denominations united with them,\\nand gave rise to such diversity of sentiment, that it was considered\\njudicious to unite upon some general rules of agreement. Accord-\\ningly, under the guidance of the count, certain articles of union\\nwere concurred in, which, omitting the distinctive doctrines of the\\nvarious Protestant denominations, adopted only the generally ad-\\nmitted fundamental truths of scripture. The United Brethren,\\ntherefore, object to being considered as a separate sect, inasmuch as\\ntheir own peculiarities arise principally from their social organiza-\\ntion. Individuals of all Protestant denominations, consequently,\\nhave always been freely admitted into their communities without\\nrenouncing their peculiar creeds. Discussions relating to the\\nTrinity, and other speculative truths, are carefully avoided but\\nthey make the merits of the Saviour the principal theme of their dis-\\ncourses, and the only ground of salvation. High- wrought emotions,\\nengendered by momentary impulses, are not considered as sure\\ntests of piety as a daily upright and humble deportment. The\\nMoravian church is Episcopal, and has a liturgy but their bishops\\npossess no pre-eminent authority.\\nThe brethren early turned their attention to this country, with a\\nview of propagating the gospel among the Indians. In 1735, they\\ntemporarily established themselves in Savannah, but abandoned it\\nand returned to Pennsylvania, in consequence of being obliged, if\\nthey remained, of taking up arms with the Spaniards against the", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0505.jp2"}, "504": {"fulltext": "494 WARREN COUNTY.\\nEnglish. Here it was, it is believed, that the great founder of\\nMethodism, John Wesley, became acquainted with them, from\\nwhom he imbibed some of his peculiar sentiments. In 1741, they\\nsettled near the forks of the Delaware. Count Zinzendorf, then on\\na missionary tour in America, visited this place at Christmas, in\\nthat year, and lodged in a log-house, attached to which was a stable.\\nFrom this circumstance the name of Bethlehem was given to the\\nsettlement.\\nThe count was undoubtedly pre-eminently fitted for a pioneer in\\nthe cause. He is represented to have been one of the most extra-\\nordinary divines that have appeared since the reformation a man\\nof fervent piety, powerful imagination, original genius, and exten-\\nsive acquirements, and a sound, though perhaps eccentric theolo-\\ngian. In his portrait, he is dressed in a plain, single-breasted coat,\\na mantle partially thrown over the shoulder, and a white cravat\\ngathered in a simple fold the hair dark, smoothly parted on the\\nleft side, and hanging in graceful ringlets down the neck and shoul-\\nders the forehead high and even eye penetrating nose long and\\naquiline mouth large, but well formed, and the general expression\\nhighly intellectual, denoting purity of thought and benevolence.\\nWhen here, he travelled much among the Indians, generally on\\nhorseback, but not unfrequently on foot. Once or twice he narrow-\\nly escaped being slain by them.\\nNo people have probably done so much in the cause of missions,\\nin proportion to their means, as the Moravians. The sufferings and\\ndevotedness of their missionaries have been without a parallel\\nand many interesting anecdotes are given of them. They have\\ngone forth, single-handed and unknown, among the slave popula-\\ntion of the West Indies, the sour, licentious hordes of Greenland,\\nand the savages of our own country. In some instances ten, in oth-\\ners nearly fifty years have elapsed ere they saw any fruit yet\\nthey continued to labor, full of faith, and struggling against mis-\\nrepresentation, suffering, and loss of life.\\nThe total number of missionaries, with their wives, employed in\\n1838, was 230. These had 51,000 souls under their care, of whom\\n16,000were communicants. Owing to their simple mode of living,\\nand the practice in some instances of supporting themselves by per-\\nsonal labor, this great scheme of missionary effort has been con-\\nducted on a very economical scale. The annual outlay of the so-\\nciety for the support of their forty-two stations, pensions to retired\\nmissionaries, and widows, and the education and apprenticing of\\ntheir children, and other expenses, amounts to about $50,000.\\nThere are at present in the United States several societies of\\nMoravians, besides their independent communities but as they do\\nnot come under their social regulations, cannot in the fullest sense\\nbe considered as belonging to them. Their communities are at\\nBethlehem. Nazareth, and Litiz, in Pennsylvania, and at Salem in\\nNorth Carolina.\\nBethlehem, their largest town, has about one thousand inhabitants,", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0506.jp2"}, "505": {"fulltext": "WARREN COUNTY. 495\\nwho are mainly of German descent, and speak and worship in that\\nlanguage. The village is romantically located, compactly built,\\nand combines the attractions of both town and country. Their\\ngovernment is administered by a board elected biennially. The\\nland belongs to the society, and is let out for building lots and other\\npurposes, at a trifling annual rent. This enables them to keep their\\nvillage free from all unworthy persons but they ever admit the\\ntemporary residence of such as are willing to conform to their ex-\\nternal regulations. The inhabitants are engaged in the usual me-\\nchanical, mercantile, and agricultural employments and some have\\nacquired considerable property. It was formerly the custom here,\\nand is still in Germany, to have separate establishments for such as\\nhad not families, viz the si?igle brethren s Iwuse, for young men and\\napprentices, where they lived and carried on their respective em-\\nployments, the sisters house, for the abode of unmarried females,\\nand the widows house. But as the society has increased in wealth,\\nthe necessity for them has vanished, and it is believed they do not\\nnow exist anywhere in the Union.\\nThe young of both sexes were not then generally allowed to as-\\nsociate. When a young man wished to marry, he would hand in\\nthe name of the lady to the board of elders. If judged improper,\\nfrom pecuniary disability, or other reasons, recourse was had to the\\nlot to decide the question. This was always entered upon with so-\\nlemnity, and preceded by prayer. If favorable, the young lady had\\nthe privilege of refusal. In extraordinary cases it is even now re-\\nsorted to for instance, when a young lady receives proposals of\\nmarriage from a missionary, and is undecided, she sometimes re-\\nquests the lot to be taken.\\nMeetings are held every evening in the week. Sunday mornings\\nthe litany is read, and a sermon delivered in the church services\\nare also performed in the evening. Certain festival days, such as\\nEaster, Pentecost, Christmas, c, are celebrated. As usual among\\nthe Germans, great attention is paid to music almost every dwell-\\ning has its piano, and it forms one of the most interesting features\\nof their public worship. Before the Lord s supper they have a love\\nfeast, when all assemble expressly to listen to vocal and instrumen-\\ntal music, interspersed with hymns, in which the congregation join,\\nwhile they partake of a cup of coffee, tea, or chocolate, and light\\ncakes, in token of fellowship and brotherly union. Easter morning\\nis devoted to a solemnity of a peculiar kind. At sunrise the con-\\ngregation assemble in the graveyard a service, accompanied by\\nmusic, is celebrated, expressive of the joyful hopes of immortality\\nand resurrection, and a solemn commemoration of those who in the\\ncourse of the last year have gone to heaven.\\nSoon as a person dies, the event is announced by solemn instru-\\nmental music, from a band stationed in the church tower. Differ-\\nent tunes are played, signifying the age, sex, and condition of the\\ndeceased so it is then usually known who is dead. These death\\nhymns, sounding, as they often do, upon the still morning or evening", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0507.jp2"}, "506": {"fulltext": "496 WARREN COUNTY.\\nair. must have a singularly melancholy effect upon the hearer, re-\\nminding him that he too is mortal. Their funeral services are usu-\\nally performed in church; from thence the congregation march to\\nthe grave, preceded by a band of music. If the deceased is a fe-\\nmale, the ladies follow first after the coffin if a male, the re-\\nverse. They consider death as no evil, but the entrance to eternal\\nbliss, and therefore do not mourn for friends, nor wear insignia of\\ngrief. In alluding to the departed, they use the expression, heim\\ngehen, signifying that they have gone home. The graveyard, like\\nmost of this denomination, is laid out as a garden, and planted with\\ntrees, under which are seats for visitors. The graves are devoid\\nof the disagreeable coffin-like shape of our own but resemble\\nflower-beds, and in many cases are covered with myrtle and other\\nornamental plants. The monuments are small slabs laid horizon-\\ntally upon the graves, the inscriptions uppermost, and bearing sim-\\nply the name, age, and place of decease.\\nThe following interesting particulars respecting Count Zinzen-\\ndorf s visit to this country, are from Chapman s History of Wy-\\noming.\\nUpon his arrival in America, Count Zinzendorf manifested a great anxiety to have\\nthe tjospel preached to the Indians and although he had heard much of the ferocity of\\nthe Shawanese, formed a resolution to visit them. With this view he repaired to Tulpe-\\nhocken. the residence of Conrad Weiser, a celebrated Indian interpreter, and Indian\\nagent for the government, whom he wished to engage in the cause, and to accompany\\nhim to the Shawanese town. Weiser was too much occupied in business to go imme-\\ndiately to Wyoming, but lie furnished the count with letters to a missionary by the name\\nof Mack, and the latter, accompanied by his wife, who could speak the Indian language,\\nproceeded immediately with Zinzendorf on the projected mission.\\nThe Shawanese appeared to be alarmed on the arrival of the strangers, who pitched\\ntheir tents on the banks of the river a little below the town, and a council of the chiefs\\nhaving assembled, the declared purpose of Zinzendorf was deliberately considered. To\\nthese unlettered children of the wilderness it appeared altogether improbable that a stran-\\nger should brave the dangers of a boisterous ocean three thousand miles broad, for the\\nsole purpose of instructing them in the means of obtaining happiness after death, and\\nthat too without requiring any compensation for his trouble and expense and as they\\nhad observed the anxiety of the white people to purchase lands of the Indians, they nat-\\nurally concluded that the real object of Zinzendorf was either to procure from them the\\nlands at Wyoming for his own uses, to search for hidden treasures, or to examine the\\ncountry with a view to future conquest. It was accordingly resolved to assassinate\\nhim, and to do it privately, lest the knowledge of the transaction should produce a war\\nwith the English, who were settling the country below the mountains.\\nZinzendorf was alone in his tent, seated upon a bundle of dry weeds which composed\\nhis bed, and ens-aged in writing, when the assassins approached to execute their bloody\\ncommission. It was night, and the cool air of September had rendered a small fire ne-\\ncessary to his comfort and convenience. A curtain formed of a blanket and hung upon\\npins was the only guard to the entrance of his tent. The heat of his small fire had\\naroused a large rattlesnake which lay in the weeds not far from it and the reptile, to en-\\njoy it more effectually, crawled slowly into the tent and passed over one of his legs un-\\ndiscovered. Without, all was still and quiet except the gentle murmur of the river at\\nthe rapids about a mile below. At this moment the Indians softly approached the door\\nof his tent, and slightly removing the curtain, contemplated the venerable man too deep-\\nly engaged in the subject of his thoughts to notice either their approach, or the snake\\nwhich lay extended before him. At a sight like this, even the heart of the savage\\nshrunk from the idea of committing so horrid an act, and quitting the spot, they hastily\\nreturned to the town, and informed their companions that the Great Spirit protected the\\nwhite man, for they had found him with no door but a blanket, and had seen a large rat-", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0508.jp2"}, "507": {"fulltext": "WARREN COUNTY.\\n497\\ntlesnake crawl over his legs without attempting to injure him.* This circumstance, to-\\ngether with the arrival soon afterward of Conrad Weiser, procured Zinzendorf the friend-\\nship and confidence of the Indians, and probably contributed essentially toward inducing\\nmany of them at a subsequent period to embrace the Christian religion. The count,\\nhaving spent twenty days at Wyoming, returned to Bethlehem, a town then building by\\nhis Christian brethren on the north bank of the Lehigh, about eleven miles from its junc-\\ntion with the Delaware.\\nIn the village burying-ground at Hope are the graves of about\\n40 or 50 of the Moravians. A slab of gray stone about two feet\\nlong is placed horizontally over each grave, each with a simple\\ninscription recording the name, birth, and death the following is a\\ncopy of two of the inscriptions\\nNo. 33.\\nCONRAD OMENSETTER,\\nBorn December 18th,\\n1740,\\nIn Germany.\\nDeparted\\nJuly 2, 1792.\\nMARIA SALOME\\nBLUM,\\nBorn June 11,\\n1718.\\nIn Hope,\\nDeparted Aug. 30,\\n1778.\\nINDEPENDENCE.\\nIndependence is 8 m. long, 6 broad and is bounded NW. by\\nHardwick, NE. by Green and Byram, Sussex co., E. by Roxbury\\nand Washington, Morris co., S. by Mansfield, and W. by Hope.\\nThere are in the township 11 stores, 1 furnace, 6 flouring-m., 3\\ngrist-m., 1 oil-m. cap. in manufac. \u00c2\u00a765,650 13 schools, 580 scho-\\nlars. Pop. 2,284.\\nThe Great Meadows is a tract 5 m. long by 2 wide, in the W.\\npart, which is drained by the Pequest river. The Musconetcong,\\nwith its fertile valley, is in the eastern part of the township, and\\nthe Morris canal enters the co. near the NE. corner of the township.\\nHackettstown, on the Musconetcong creek, 17 m. NE. of Belvi-\\ndere, was founded previous to the American revolution, and derives\\nits name from Mr. Samuel Hackett, a large landholder. A Pres-\\nbyterian church was erected in 1763, as appears from the date on\\nthe gravestone of Mr. Nathaniel Foster, who, with two others, was\\naccidentally killed at the raising of the building. Just after the\\nwar. there were ten dwellings in the place. It gradually increased\\nfrom that period until 1830, since which it has nearly doubled in\\npopulation. The annexed view was taken in the main street of\\nthe village, which is about half a mile in length, and, being thickly\\nStudded with stores, mechanic shops, and dwellings, has a thriving,\\nbusiness-like appearance. On the left, near the spectator, is seen\\na part of the Methodist church, built in 1833, and the spire in the\\nThis circumstance is not published in the Count s memoirs, lest, as he states, the\\nbrethren should think the conversion of a part of the Shawanese was attributable to\\ntheir superstition. The author received the narrative from a companion of Zinzendorf,\\nwho afterward accompanied him to Wyoming.\\n63", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0509.jp2"}, "508": {"fulltext": "498\\nWARREN COUNTY.\\ndistance is that of the Presbyterian church, a handsome building\\nof wood, with pillars in front, erected in 1819, on the site of the old\\none. Schooley s mountain, 3 m. from the village, appears in the\\nmi:\\nCentral View in Hackettstown.\\nbackground. Hackettstown contains a woollen manufactory, a\\ncupola furnace, 2 large flouring-m., 2 taverns, (one of which is\\nlarge, and capable of accommodating many guests,) 1 tannery,\\nabout 25 mechanic shops of various kinds, 6 mercantile stores, 91\\ndwellings, and about 700 inhabitants. The Morris canal runs\\nthree quarters of a mile W. of the village, at the base of Bucks\\nHill, a bold eminence, deriving its name from the deer formerly\\nabounding there. The land in the vicinity of the village is fertile,\\nunder excellent cultivation, and is valued at from $50 to $100 per\\nacre.\\nThe following inscriptions are copied from monuments in the\\ngraveyard adjoining the Presbyterian church at Hackettstown\\nThis marble, sacred to the memory of Rev. Joseph Campbell, D. D., was erected by\\nthe congregp tioii of Hackettstown, N. J., who enjoyed his able and faithful labors in the\\ngospel ministry upwards of 31 years. Though extensively honored for his literary and\\nscientific attainments, and respected for his piety, he was yet a man of great humility,\\nand wore as his daily and most distinguishing habit, the ornament of a meek and quiet\\nspirit. He was licensed to preach the gospel A. D. 1808, ordained in 1809, and departed\\nthis life Sept. 6th, A. D. 1840, in the 65th year of his age, full of faith and the Holy\\nGhost.\\nSacred to the memory of William Stewart, who departed this life Feb. 17th, 1810, in\\nthe 72d year of his age. For 32 years, he was a ruling elder in the church, highly re-\\nvered and esteemed by all its members for his edifying life and conversation. And his\\ncare in instructing the youth of the congregation, while destitute of a pastor, will long be\\nremembered by the friends of Zion. With truth it may be said, here lies the affectionate\\nhusband, the kind father, the devout Christian.\\nIn God s own arms he left the breath\\nThat God s own Spirit gave\\nHis was the noblest road to death,\\nAnd liis the sweetest r ave.", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0510.jp2"}, "509": {"fulltext": "WARREN COUNTY.\\n499\\nDanville, on the road to Hope, on the western line of the town-\\nship, 5 m. from Hackettstown, contains about 10 dwellings, seve-\\nral mechanics, and a Presbyterian church built of stone. Vienna,\\n1 m. E. of Danville, on the same road, is a village of about the\\nsame size. Alamuche and Warrenville are also small settlements\\nin the NE. part of the township, containing each about a dozen\\ndwellings, and some mechanic shops, mills, c. In the N. part of\\nthe township is a Friends meeting-house.\\nMANSFIELD.\\nMansfield is 1 1 m. long, 5 wide, and is bounded NW. by Hope\\nand Oxford, NE. by Independence, SE. by Musconetcong creek,\\nseparating it from Hunterdon co., and SW. by Franklin. There\\nare in the township 8 stores, 1 tannery, 1 grist-m., 3 saw-m. cap.\\nin manufac. $66,950 12 schools, 1,027 scholars. Pop. 3,057.\\nThe Pohatcong creek, and the Morris canal, pass lengthwise\\nthrough the township. The valleys of the Musconetcong and Po-\\nhatcong, in this township, are extremely fertile. Large quantities\\nof limestone are burnt and used in manuring the land in this re-\\ngion, and the appearance of the farms and dwellings indicates a\\nmore than ordinary degree of prosperity.\\nSouth View of Washington.\\nThe village of Washington is in the SW. part of the township, 8\\nm. SE. of Belvidere, and 12 from Easton. This place is of recent\\norigin. Previous to 1811, there were not any dwellings here ex-\\ncepting a few small huts. In that year, the brick tavern was\\nerected by the late Col. Wm. McCullough, of Asbury. A year\\nlater, the dwelling now owned by Mr. Gershom Rustin was built\\nsince which the village has grown up, and progressed to its pres-\\nent prosperous condition. Washington is principally built on a\\nsingle street, running E. and W. The annexed view was taken", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0511.jp2"}, "510": {"fulltext": "500 WARREN COUNTY.\\non the hill S. of the village, on the road to New Hampton. On\\nthe extreme right is seen the Methodist church, a substantial brick\\nstructure, erected in 1825. In the central part of the view is the\\nPresbyterian church, also of brick, and ornamented with a hand-\\nsome spire. The corner-stone of this edifice was laid July 4, 1837.\\nPreviously, the congregation worshipped in a stone church erected\\nabout half a century since, now unoccupied, and standing half a\\nmile S. of the village. Before it was built, a log church stood on\\nits site. There are several mechanic shops, stores, c, in the vil-\\nlage, and about 40 dwellings in it and vicinity. The Morris canal\\nruns about half a mile N., where there are two store-houses and\\nseveral dwellings. The village being new, well built, and pleasant-\\nly situated in a fertile valley, has a cheerful, thriving appearance.\\nBeatty s town, (in the fertile valley of the Musconetcong,) New-\\nberg, Changewater, Anderson, and Port Colden, (where there is a\\nBaptist church,) each contain from 1 to 25 dwellings.\\nOXFORD.*\\nOxford is 9 m. long, 6 wide, and contains about 50 square miles,\\nbounded on the N. by Knowlton and Hope, on the E. by Mansfield,\\non the S. by Harmony, and on the W. by the Delaware river.\\nThere were in the township, in 1840, 12 schools, 822 scholars.\\nPop. 2,853.\\nA ridge of gneiss, here called Scott s mountain, but in Sussex\\nknown as the Hamburg or Iron mountain, running nearly SW. and\\nNE., forms a kind of irregular table-land along the eastern side of\\nthe township, having a general elevation of about 600 feet above\\nthe level of the sea, but sometimes rising 200 or 300 feet higher.\\nA great part of this high land is yet occupied by forests of chest-\\nnut and oak, but is almost all capable of cultivation, and, when\\nmanured with lime, yields very good crops. Along the foot of\\nScott s mountain extends a narrow valley of limestone, separating\\nit from a low gneiss ridge, an extension of Jenny Jump mountain,\\nremarkable only for the singular effect which it has had upon the\\nlimestone in its vicinity, which has been converted into a beautiful\\nmarble, in some places pure white, and at others resembling rose-\\ncolored feldspar, speckled with crystals of epidote, mica, and other\\nminerals. NW. of this ridge lies a valley of limestone, about two\\nmiles wide, which is followed by a ridge of clay slate, crossing the\\nDelaware a short distance above Belvidere, and running nearly\\nparallel with it to the upper end of the township, having part of\\nthe way a narrow belt of rich alluvial land between it and the\\nriver. The limestone is generally of a grayish blue color, and be-\\nlongs to what is called the ancient secondary formation. It forms\\na good building-stone, and yields excellent lime. Some varieties\\nNote. The compilers are indebted to the Hon. J. P. B. Maxwell for the article on\\nOxford township, excepting that part giving the history of the Presbyterian church.", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0512.jp2"}, "511": {"fulltext": "WARREN COUNTY. 501\\ncontain a large proportion of magnesia, and then form a good water\\ncement. The soil over the limestone is very fertile. The slate is\\nof a coarse quality, suited only for building-stone or flags. The\\nsoil upon it is lighter and thinner than that on the limestone, but,\\nwith the aid of lime, yields good crops. Iron ore in the form of\\nred hematite is found, in connection with the limestone, near the\\nFoul rift, but has not been mined to any extent on the Jersey side.\\nIt is of an excellent quality, and large quantities are taken out on\\nthe Pennsylvania side of the river. Scott s mountain is remarkable\\nthroughout its whole extent for the quantity of valuable minerals\\nwith which it abounds. The only ore of much importance in this\\ntownship, is iron ore, found in the form of a black magnetic oxyde,\\nin great abundance and of the finest quality, near Oxford Furnace.\\nIt yields about (50 per cent, of a remarkably tough iron, well calcu-\\nlated for the manufacture of gun-barrels, cutlery, and machinery.\\nBlack oxyde of manganese, plumbago, and sulphured of iron, are also\\nfound in Scott s mountain, but not in sufficient quantities to be of\\nvalue. Quartz crystal, asbestos, crystallized epidote, and some other\\ncurious minerals, are also found in different parts of the township.\\nThere are in Oxford township 2 Baptist, 2 Episcopalian, 2 Meth-\\nodist, and 2 Presbyterian churches 8 grist-m., 7 saw-m., 3 iron\\nfoundries, and 1 blast furnace. As agriculture is the chief occupa-\\ntion of the people, they are mostly scattered about on farms and\\nthe villages are generally very small, and consist merely of a few\\nhouses collected at a mill or cross-roads. Besides Belvidere, the\\ncounty town, Oxford township contains the villages or hamlets of\\nBridgeville, Butzville, Oxford Meeting-house, Oxford Furnace, Ram-\\nsaysburg, Rifton, and Sarepta. Bridgeville, on the Pequest, 3 m.\\nabove Belvidere, consists of a store, tavern, and ten or a dozen\\nhouses and shops. Butzville, on the Pequest, 5 m. above Belvidere,\\nhas a Methodist church, (incorporated March 31, 1841,) a tavern,\\nand 2 or 3 houses. Oxford Meeting-house, 2 m. E. of Belvidere,\\ncontains a Presbyterian church, a grist-m., saw-m., tannery, tavern,\\nschoolhouse, and about a dozen houses and shops. The church is\\none of the oldest establishments in the county, the present frame\\nbuilding having been erected in 1785, in place of a log church\\nwhich had been used for many years previous. Oxford Furnace,\\n5 m. E. of Belvidere, has an iron furnace, grist-m., store, and half\\na dozen dwelling-houses. The furnace was established nearly 100\\nyears ago. It now yields about 800 tons of pigs per annum. The\\nmines are less than half a mile from the furnace. Ramsaysburg,\\non the Delaware, 5 m. above Belvidere, consists of an Episco-\\npalian church, a Baptist church, a tavern, 2 stores, and a few\\nscattered houses. The Episcopalian church, St. James s, is the old-\\nest of that denomination in the county, having been established\\nat least as early as 1785. Rifton, at the Foul Rift falls, on the\\nDelaware, 1? m. below Belvidere, has a grist-m., a saw-m., and 4\\ndwelling-houses. The river falls 6 feet at the Little rift, and 16\\n-xv and a canal of a mile in length would form a", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0513.jp2"}, "512": {"fulltext": "502\\nWARREN COUNTY.\\nwater-power almost unequalled in the state. Sarepta, on Beaver\\nbrook, a branch of the Pequest, 3 1-4 m. NE. of Belvidere, has an\\niron foundry, grist-m., and saw-m., and 4 dwelling-houses.\\nThe first settlement in the township was made by two men\\nnamed Axford and Green, probably about 1730. The tradition is,\\nthat on coming into the country they ascended Rattlesnake hill,\\nand there climbed a tree, to survey the country and fix upon a spot\\nfor their residence. Axford s attention was attracted by the natu-\\nral meadows at Oxford Furnace, while Green preferred the banks\\nof the beautiful little lake which still bears his name. The de-\\nscendants of both these adventurers may still be found around the\\nplaces of their original settlement. The name of Axford was very\\ngenerally pronounced Oxford, and it is probable the township took\\nits name from him.\\nBelvidere, from near the Washington Turnpike.\\nBelvidere, the county-town of Warren, is beautifully situated on\\nboth sides of the Pequest river, at its junction with the Delaware,\\nin lat. 40\u00c2\u00b0 47 N., and Ion. 1\u00c2\u00b0 50 E. from Washington 65 miles\\nW. of New York, 65 N. of Philadelphia, and 13 above Easton.\\nIt has a courthouse, clerk s and surrogate s offices, a bank, 3\\nchurches, (Methodist, Presbyterian, and Episcopalian,) 4 schools,\\n(and an academy now building.) 2 printing-offices, at which weekly\\npapers are published the Belvidere Apollo, (whig,) established\\nin 1824, and the Warren Journal, (dem.) established in 1833\\n4 hotels, (one new and very large,) 3 grist-mills, (one of\\nwhich is very large,) two saw-mills, (one of them double,)\\n3 board-yards, 2 iron-foundries 3 clergymen, 7 lawyers, 3\\nphysicians; 12 stores; 1 apothecary, 1 baker, 3 butcher, 3 black-\\nsmith, 2 cabinet-maker, 2 carpenter, 1 chairmaker, 4 confection-\\ner, 2 hatter, 2 harness-maker, 6 milliner, 7 shoemaker, 2 sash-\\nmaker, 2 silversmith, 1 silver-plater, 2 stonecutter, 1 tinsmith,\\nand 2 wheelwright shops; 162 dwelling-houses,", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0514.jp2"}, "513": {"fulltext": "WARREN COUNTY. 503\\n1,000 inhabitants. There are two bridges across the Pequest, one\\nof stone, the other wood and a covered wooden bridge, 630 feet\\nlong, supported on stone piers and abutments, across the Delaware.\\nThe latter was built in 1835, partly destroyed, by a freshet, April\\n11, 1836, and rebuilt in the year following; the entire cost being\\nabout $25,000. The Pequest river falls about 50 feet, in the last\\nmile of its course, affording a heavy water-power a part only of\\nwhich is at present occupied. The Delaware, here 600 feet wide,\\nfalls twenty-two feet within a mile and a half; below where half\\nits waters may be used for manufacturing purposes. These two\\nwater-powers together are greater than those at Paterson, and far\\nexceed any others in the state.\\nTwo railroads, terminating at Belvidere, have been chartered\\nand surveyed one an extension of the Somerville railroad, and the\\nother called the Belvidere Delaware railroad, following the course\\nof the river to Trenton. The estimated cost of the former is about\\n$800,000, and of the latter $1,000,000. As these roads would con-\\nnect, at Belvidere, with the Susquehanna and Delaware railroad,\\npassing through the immense coal-beds of the Lackawanna and\\nSusquehanna, and with it, and the Leggett s Gap railroad, form a\\nchain of roads extending to the western part of the New York and\\nErie railroad, thus making a line of communication from New\\nYork to Lake Erie considerably shorter, over lower grades, and at\\nless expense than that by the eastern part of the New York and\\nErie Railroad, it is altogether probable that one or both will be\\nconstructed, as soon as confidence is sufficiently restored to induce\\nthe prosecution of such works and, should either be built, the im-\\nmense water-powers of Belvidere must render it a place of great\\nimportance.\\nFrom the number of arrow-heads and other relics found here,\\nit is evident that Belvidere was a favorite resort of the Indians\\nbut nothing is known of its history previous to the settlement of\\nthe whites. The first settler was Robert Patterson, who estab-\\nlished himself here, it is believed, about the middle of the last cen-\\ntury. Shortly after, a small blockhouse was erected, on the north\\nside of the Pequest, some 30 or 40 yards east of the present toll-\\nhouse of the Belvidere Delaware bridge. Some time previous to\\nthe revolutionary war, a battle was fought, on the Pennsylvania\\nside of the river, between a band of Indians, who came from the\\nnorth, and the Delawares residing in the neighborhood, aided by\\nthe whites in which the latter were defeated, and driven to the\\nJersey side. In 1792, the village consisted of a grist-mill, on the\\nsite now occupied by the old mill, a saw-mill on the opposite\\nside of the Pequest, and six dwelling-houses. No part of these\\nbuildings now remains, except the stone foundation of the old mill.\\nAt that time, the principal part of the land north of the Pequest was\\nowned by Maj. Robert Hoops, who gave the place its name, prob-\\nably from the beauty of its situation while that on the south side,\\nincluding the water-powers, belonged to the celebrated Robert Mor-", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0515.jp2"}, "514": {"fulltext": "Ik Wt", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0516.jp2"}, "515": {"fulltext": "warren county. 505\\nPAHAQUARRY.\\nPihaquarry, the NW. to w m i i was formed from\\nsex co.. in 189 is long and narrow, beir.-\\nmiles long, and H wide, and is bounded XE. by Walpack. Sussex\\n3 E. by Hardwlck and Knowlton, and SW. and N\u00c2\u00a5\\nDelaware river. It has nc~ thinly se\\nhaving a population o: smallest of any town-\\nship in the state. It derives its name from a town belonging to the\\nisink tr. ntly standing ther\\nPahaquarry is the most secluded township in 1 A 1\\nin a nook between the mountains and the Delawar Blue\\nmountain, running its whole length, occupies all its ept a\\nnarrow fertile strip on the river, nowhere over SO rods in width,\\nbut extending the whole length of the townshi: mountain\\nand river scenery is uncommonly beautiful and and the\\nDelaware Water Gap is partly in tJb por-\\ntion. On the. le of the Gap is a place g omes\\nboldly down to the road-side, called the Indian Ladder, which\\n:e, before the road was constructed, came down perpen-\\ndicularly to the water nd prevented the inhabitants from\\nhaving a free communication v :f the county. In\\nhad there a kind of ladder made of an up-\\nright tree afterward a rope ladder was made by the but it\\nwas a dangerous place to get over, being 30 or .a height\\nand only surmountable by foot passengers. On the summit of the\\nBlue mountain are two beautiful lakes, pr: 1 land over a\\n1,000 feet above the level of the Delaware. Neai dm of t nem is\\na chalybeate spring, call- painl spring, which deposits\\nferruginous ochre. In the va. j~s Prof. Rogers in his report,\\nwhich divides the mountain into two t the V\\nand about two miles and a half from the river on the Jersey side, a\\nspot has been found containing very* excellent hematite iron ore.\\nIn what c e ore exists has not yet be- .ined: though\\nthe impression prevails that the Blue mountain contains, in many\\nplaces, iron ore in sufficient quantity to justify a more mine\\namination. There ar nt throughout this Blue mountain\\nregion va. er and other precious min-\\nwill onlv be listened to by the over-credulous,\\nas every thing _:eal structure must indicate\\nto persons at ail versed in miner i mining, th nder\\nprobability- of ther g place any mineral treasures of\\nthis nature. At an early period in \\\\ement of the country\\nseveral openings were made into the base of the Blue\\nmountain in search of copper ore.\\nOn the farm of Abraham Van Campen. 1 eax the blacksmith\\nshop of Mr. Andrew Ribbies. in the central part of the township,\\nthere was once an Indian burial-place. Manv skeletons and relics\\nM", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0517.jp2"}, "516": {"fulltext": "506 WARREN COUNTY.\\nhave been ploughed up, such as guns, kettles, blankets, crucifixes,\\nbell-buttons, beads, pipes, c. A few years since the skeleton of\\nwhat is supposed to have been an Indian chief, was disinterred. He\\nwas found wrapped in a blanket, in a sort of stone coffin, and buried\\nin his war costume, decked with beads and all the paraphernalia\\nof savage splendor. A gun lay on each side, with the breech at his\\nfeet and the barrel across his shoulder. Over these lay his arms,\\nwith the hands folded across his breast, under which lay two spoons\\ncrossed. Behind his neck was his tobacco-box and ammunition.\\nSeveral crosses were placed on his body; among which, on his breast\\nwas a large brass one, nicely cast, bearing on one side the figure\\nof Christ, and on the other, one representing his ascension.\\nThe following, from Hazard s Register, throws some light on the\\nearly settlements on the Delaware, in this section of country. It is\\nextracted from two letters written by Samuel Preston, Esq., and\\ndated Stockport, June 6th and 14th, 1828.\\nMeenesink, Mine Holes, c. In 1787, the writer went on his first surveying tour\\ninto Northampton county he was deputy under John Lukens, surveyor-general, and\\nreceived from him, by way of instructions, the following narrative respecting the settle-\\nment of Meenesink, on the Delaware, above the Kittanny and Blue mountain\\nThat the settlement was formed a long time before it was known to the government in\\nPhiladelphia. That when government was informed of the settlement, they passed a law\\nin 1729, that any such purchases of the Indians should be void, and the purchasers in-\\ndicted lor forcible entry and detainer, according to the laws of England. That in 1730,\\nthey appointed an agent to go and investigate the facts that the agent so appointed was\\nthe famous surveyor Nicholas Scull that lie, James Lukens, was then N. Scull s appren-\\ntice to carry chain and learn surveying. That he accompanied N. Scull. As they both\\nunderstood and could talk Indian, they hired Indian guides, and had a fatiguing journey,\\nthere being then no white inhabitants in the upper part of Bucks or Northampton county\\nthat they had very great difficulty to lead their horses through the. Water Gap to Meene-\\nsink Flats, which were all settled with Hollanders with several they could only be un-\\nderstood in Indian. At the venerable Samuel Dupuis they found great hospitality and\\nplenty of the necessaries of life. J. Lukens said that the first thing that struck his ad-\\nmiration was a grove of apple-trees, of size far beyond any near Philadelphia. That as\\nN. Scull and himself examined the banks, they were fully of opinion that all those flats\\nhad at some very former age been a deep lake before the river broke through the moun-\\ntain, and that the best interpretation they could make of Meenesink was, the water is\\ngone. That S. Dupuis told them when the rivers were frozen he had a good road to\\nEsopus, (now Kingston,) from the mine holes, on the mine-road some hundred miles.\\nThat he took his wheat and cider there for salt and necessaries, and did not appear to\\nhave any knowledge or idea where the river ran, Philadelphia market, or being in the\\ngovernment of Pennsylvania.\\nThey were of opinion, that the first settlements of Hollanders in Meenesink were many\\nyears older than William Penn s charter, and is S. Dupuis had treated them so well, they\\nconcluded to make a survey of his claim in order to befriend him if necessary. When\\nthey began to survey, the Indians gathered around an old Indian laid his hand on N.\\nScull s shoulder, and said, Put vp iron string, go home they then quit and returned.\\nI had it in charge from John Lukens to learn more particulars respecting the mine-road\\nto Esopus, c. I found Nicholas Dupuis, Esq., son of Samuel,) living in a spacious\\nstone house in great plenty and affluence. The old mine-holes were a few miles above,\\non the Jersey side of the river by the lower point of Paaquarry Flat that the Meenesink\\nsettlement extended 40 miles or more en both sides of the river. That he had well known\\nthe mine-road to Esopus, and used, before he opened the boat channel through Foul Rift,\\nto drive on it several times every winter with loads of wheat and cider as also did his\\nneighbors to purchase their salt and necessaries in Esopus, having then no other market\\nor knowledge where the river ran to. That after a navigable channel was opened through", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0518.jp2"}, "517": {"fulltext": "WARREN COUNTY. 507\\nFoul Rifts they generally took to boating, and most of the settlement turned their trade\\ndown stream, the mine-road became less and less travelled.\\nThis interview with the amiable Nicholas Dupuis, Esq., was in June, 1787. He then\\nappeared about 60 years of age. ^interrogated as to the particulars of what he knew,\\nas to when and by whom the mine-road was made, what was the ore they dug and hauled\\non it, what was the date, and from whence or how came the first settlers of Meenesink\\nin such great numbers as to take up all the flats on both sides of the river for forty miles.\\nHe could only give traditional accounts of what he had heard from older people, without\\ndate, in substance as follows\\nThat in some former age there came a company of miners from Holland, supposed\\nfrom the great labor expended in making that road, about one hundred miles long, that\\nthey were very rich, or great people in working the two mines, one on the Delaware,\\nwhere the mountain nearly approaches the lower point of Paaquarry Flat, the other at\\nthe north foot of the same mountain, near half way between the Delaware and Esopus.\\nHe ever understood that abundance of ore had been hauled on that road, but never could\\nlearn whether lead or silver. That the first settlers came from Holland to seek a place of\\nquiet, being persecuted for their religion. I believe they were Arminians. They follow-\\ned the mine-road to the large flats on the Delaware that smooth cleared land, and such\\nan abundance of large apple-trees, suited their views that they bona fide bought the\\nimprovements of the native Indians, most of whom then removed to Susquehanna that\\nwith such as remained, there was peace and friendship until 1755.\\nI then went to view the Paaquarry mine-holes. There appeared to have been a great\\nabundance of labor done there at some former time, but the mouths of these holes were\\ncaved full and overgrown with bushes. I concluded to myself if there ever had been a\\nrich mine under that mountain, it must be there yet in close confinement. The other\\nold men I conversed with, gave their traditions similar to Nicholas Dupuis, and they all\\nappeared to be grandsons of the first settlers, and generally very illiterate as to dates or\\nany thing relating to chronology.\\nIn the summer of 1789, I began to build on this place, there came two venerable gen-\\ntlemen on a surveying expedition. They were the late Gen. James Clinton, the father of\\nthe late De Witt Clinton, and Christopher Tappan, Esq., clerk and recorder of Ulster co.\\nFor many years before they had both been surveyors under Gen. Clinton s father when\\nhe was surveyor-general. In order to learn some history from gentlemen of their gen-\\neral knowledge, I accompanied them in the woods. They both well knew the mine-holes,\\nmine-road, c., and as there was no kind of documents or records thereof, united in the\\nopinion that it was a work transacted while the State of New York belonged to the\\ngovernment of Holland, that it fell to the English in 1664, and that the change of gov-\\nernment stopped the mining business, and that the road must have been made many\\nyears before so much digging could have been done. That it undoubtedly must have\\nbeen the first good road of that extent ever made in any part of the United States.\\nKNOWLTON.\\nKnowlton is 9 miles long, 7 wide, and is bounded NW. by Paha-\\nquarry, E. by Hardwick, SE. by Hope, S. by Oxford, and W. by\\nthe Delaware river. There are in the township 16 schools, 769\\nscholars. Pop. 2,310.\\nThe Blue mountain forms its NW. boundary its surface is else-\\nwhere generally hilly, abounding in many knolls, from which the\\ntownship is said to have derived its name. The Paulinskill runs\\ncentrally through Knowlton and empties into the Delaware just S.\\nof the village of Columbia.\\nColumbia, on the Delaware river, 9 miles NW. of Belvidere, con-\\ntains a large saw-mill, several mechanic shops, a Methodist church,\\nand about 25 dwellings. Knowlton Mills, upwards of a mile NE.\\nof the above, on the Paulinskill, contains a large grist, a saw, and a\\nclover mill, and a few dwellings. Blairstown, formerly called", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0519.jp2"}, "518": {"fulltext": "5.\\nWARREN COUXTY\\nGravel Hill, conte fcgrist-m several mecihai)\\ngs, 1 Id and iFtes\\nfew\\npassage, in the Bfa K\\ns\\nIt is s s _ gists it 1 bis _\\nwas wrought by some mig\\nrocks a passage fori si; ..nved\\n_\\name, was shed in r, 1842,\\nA\\nV: G:t.\\nA: z ~:i: is-\\n-jr. :zi r.vi-\\n2. z: z r\\nk;r. ex:;;.\\ne zr.:z.7.\\nB^ividere fcr the WaJ\\nI- a\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0til I", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0520.jp2"}, "519": {"fulltext": "WARREN COUNTY.\\nme in all its vastness. From this point I took the sketch represented in the aeconrpa-\\nngraving.\\nOn each side of the Gap the mountains are seen rising to the height of nearij one\\nthird of a mile, their sides clothed with the towering hemlock and other forest trees.\\nIn rnir.j p^ces huge ledges of rock, handreds of feet high, stand frowning forth and\\non the gfat side descend precipitously to the waters edge. In the distance\\nstains appear 1 o jl, and, curving aroond to the left, shut oat a\\nfarther prospect. From between, the Delaware comes winding down in all her majesty,\\nI sheet of liquid silver, and giving the finishing touch to a landscape of sur-\\npassing grandeur.\\nA; evening approached, I proceeded to the tavern seen at the base of the mountain.\\nSupper was soon ready. Capacious dishes, filled almost to overflowing with a desirable\\nwere piled promisctK i ,ontry fashion on the board. While helping\\nI the good things, and partaking of the best of coffee, the landlady, a\\nhale, robust, elderly woman, amused me with stories of rattlesnakes and other reptiles\\nthat infest these regions, until I almost trembled at the thought of ascending the moon-\\ntain on the morrow\\ndark, I went into the Gap, and there witnessed a novel method of fishinr 8\\nveral lines were stretched across the river, at that plaee about forty rods wide, to which\\nrses with hooks. Once in an hoar or two, the fishermen would\\nrow across the stream, take in their Ones, gather the fish, and then reset ther..\\nwishing to join in so unscientific a method of angling, I seated myself alone on a fallen\\ntrunk, under some trees, beside the river bank. I shall never forget that moment. On\\nthe opposite side, high in air, in gloomy grandeur, arose the Jersey mountain its rough,\\nprecipices, and deep, fearful chasms, just discerned through the blackness of\\nnight, were reflected boldly on the surface of the river, which appeared dark and unfa-\\nthomable as etern iJ stars were twinkling far away above the mountain, and\\nhere and there, on the other bank, a light from some solitary dwelling east rays across\\nthe blackened waters. Immediately behind me, lav the fishermen in grotesqae postures\\naround a hoge fire, the warm li?ht of which iHumiaing the leafy canopy over my head,\\nenhanced the wild sublimity ;ne.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0est mornir ._\u00e2\u0080\u00a2 any with the landlady s son, and a small dog as a protee-\\ni mssed the river, and commenced the toilsome ascent of the Jer-\\n...i. A*, first, I rperieneed slight trepidation, momentarily expecting to hear\\nthe low, terrific warning of a rattlesnake, or feel the sting of some malicious pilot, as be\\ndarted from a jutting rock into my face but our httle cur going ahead, \u00c2\u00abam Sng and\\nsmelling among the stones in search of these reptiles, set an example of fi nil mutt *i\\nthat his superiors were glad to copy. We a: length arrived at the summit, when was\\npresented a scene of glory. To the south it\\nA gaily checkered, heart-expanding view,\\nFar as the circling eye could shoot around.\\nit expanse was spread oat in the luxuriance of vegetation diversified with hills,\\nvalleys, woodlands, cultivated fields, and here and there a dweDing. Through this\\nlovely landscape gently wound the Delaware the gurgling of its passing waters in the\\nvale in soft murmurs reached the heights above. To the north, up the gorge, the scene\\n..d. On the left, the Pennsylvania mountain came abruptly down to the water s\\nedge. TV and front, the eminence we were on carved around, and enclosing\\nin a basin, imparted to it the similitude of a lake, as it lay below, deep and\\nsombre in the shadow of encircling hills. Still further on, the whole background was\\nfilled with long ranges of irregularly peaked mountains those near, fresh in their livery\\nof green those beyond, assuming a deep bine color, and then beco mi ng fainter and\\nuntil mellowing away like indistinct clouds afar off in the horizon.\\nDescending, I recrossed the river to the tavern, where I had stayed the preceding\\nBuckling on my knapsack, I walked upward through the gap. At the distance\\nof half a mile, the river turns suddenly to the left, and then soon again resumes its\\nformer course. In a miV or more, the mountains grow less bold, although still lofty\\nand the stream wider, until it expands to its full breadth. Numerous verdant isles now\\nappear, graced with massy trees, whose branches bend as if to kiss the p\u00c2\u00bb\u00c2\u00ab \u00c2\u00bbg waters.\\nThe hills recede from the river cultivated farms and dwellings picsent themselves, and\\nerne changes its wildness to one of enchanting beauty. I walked on for several\\nmiles, and was finally rowed in a boat across the river to a neighboring farm-house,\\nI was to pass the night. Toe rap of the departing sun gliding the summits of", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0521.jp2"}, "520": {"fulltext": "510 MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.\\nthe mountains, and the lengthening shadows in the valley and across the waters, told\\nthat night was near. While enjoying the prospect, my mind was filled with pleasing\\nretrospections of the few past hours and as I sat in that little skiff, gliding over the pla-\\ncid surface of the Delaware, I felt that this had been one of the happiest days of my life.\\nMISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.\\nSHAWUSKUKHKUNG, {Wilted Grass.)\u00e2\u0080\u0094 BARTHOLOMEW S. CALVIN.\\nIn the year 1832 a grant of $2,000 was obtained from the legislature of New Jersey\\nby an aged Indian representing the Delaware tribe. His name was Bartholomew S.\\nCalvin. His appellation among his own people was Shawuskuk/ikuiig, or Wilted Grass.\\nHe had received his education at Princeton College, and in early life kept a school, both\\nfor whites and Indians, at Edge Pillock, where he was often visited by Mr. Samuel Al-\\nlinson, author of Allinson s Laws of New Jersey, who considered him an intelligent and\\nworthy man. The following is a brief summary of the nature of the claims on which\\nthis grant was founded, and of the Delaware branch of the Lenni Lennappi tribe.\\nWhen this country was first visited by Europeans, that part of New Jersey south of\\nthe Raritan, was occupied by the Delaware Indians. Their right of ownership was\\nrecognised by the English, and large purchases were from time to time made, as the\\ndemands of the settlers required. Most of their lands were thus sold prior to the year\\n1758, when a treaty was held at Crosswicks, at which the whole of their remaining\\nclaims were extinguished, except a reservation of the right of fishing in all rivers and\\nbays, and of hunting on all unenclosed grounds. A tract containing 3,000 acres was\\npurchased for them at Edge Pillock in Burlington co., where the scattered remnant\\nof the tribe, amounting only to (JO persons, were settled. They continued here until\\n1802, when at the invitation of their Grandson, the Stockbridge tribe, they removed\\nto New Stockbridge, near Oneida lake. Years rolled on until the westward tide of emi-\\ngration had again surrounded them with a white population, whose cupidity rendered\\ntheir situation very uncomfortable. At length, in conjunction with several other tribes,\\nthey purchased of the Menomonie Indians a tract of land near Green Bay, in Michigan\\nTerritory, extending a considerable distance on both sides of Fox river. The Delawares\\nand the Stockbridgcs have here formed a joint settlement, called Statcsburgh, and de-\\npend almost entirely on agricultural pursuits for a subsistence. A missionary and\\nschoolmaster have been sent among them by the Boston Missionary Society, whose la-\\nbors have been blessed, and a number of them have become hopefully pious. Drunken-\\nness has become rare among them, and a temperance society in 1832 numbered upwards\\nof 100 members.\\nOf the Delawares, there remained, at the time in question, but about 40 at States-\\nburgh, and these, cherishing a tradition respecting their fishing and hunting rights in\\nNew Jersey, delegated B. S. Calvin to obtain from the Legislature compensation for their\\nrelinquishment. In presenting his claims, he accompanied them with a petition in his\\nfavor, signed by a considerable number of respectable citizens, and the following address\\nwritten with his own hand, he being then 76 years of age.\\nADDRESS\\nMy Brethren, I am old, ar:d weak, and poor, and therefore a fit representative of\\nmy people. You are young, and strong, and rich, and therefore fit representatives of\\nyour people. But let me beg you for a moment to lay aside the recollections of your\\nstrength and of our weakness, that your minds may be prepared to examine with can-\\ndor the subject of our claims.\\nOur tradition informs us, and I believe it corresponds with your records, that the\\nright of fishing in all the rivers and bays south of the Raritan, and of hunting in all un-\\nenclosed lands, was never relinquished, but on the contrary was expressly reserved in\\nour last treaty, held at Crosswicks, in 1758.\\nHaving myself been one of the parties to the sale, I believe in 1801, I know that\\nthese rights were not sold or parted with.\\nWe now offer to sell these privileges to the state of New Jersey. They were once of\\ngreat value to us, and we apprehend that neither time nor distance, nor the non-use of\\nour rights, has at all affected them, but that the courts here would consider our claims\\nvalid were we to exercise them ourselves, or delegate them to others. It is not, how-", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0522.jp2"}, "521": {"fulltext": "MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS. 511\\never, our wish thus to excite litigation. We consider the state legislature the proper\\npurchaser, and throw ourselves upon its benevolence and magnanimity, trusting that\\nfeelings of justice and liberality will induce you to give us what you deem a compen-\\nsation.\\nAnd as we have ever looked up to the leading characters of the United States, (and\\nto the leading characters of this state in particular,) as our fathers, protectors, and friends,\\nwe now look up to you as such, and humbly beg that you will look upon us with that\\neye of pity, as we have reason to think our poor untutored forefathers looked upon yours,\\nwhen they first arrived upon our then extensive but uncultivated dominions, and sold\\nthem their lands, in many instances, for trifles in comparison as light as air.\\nFrom your humble petitioners,\\nBartholomew S. Calvin,\\nIn behalf of himself and his red brethren.\\nThe whole subject was referred to a committee, before whom the Hon. Samuel L. South-\\nard voluntarily and ably advocated the claims of the Delawares, and at the close of a\\nspeech which did him honor as a man and an orator, he remarked, That it was a proud\\nfact in the history of New Jersey, that every foot of her soil had been obtained from\\nthe Indians by fair and voluntary purchase and transfer, a fact that no other state of\\nthe union, not even the land which bears the name of Perm, can boast of.\\nThe committee reported favorably, and the legislature acted accordingly. The sum\\nhe received ($2,000) was indeed not large, yet it was all he solicited and considering\\nthe nature of the claims, it must be regarded as an act of beneficence as much as of jus-\\ntice. It was, however, but the crowning act of a scries in which justice and kindness\\nto the Indians have been kept steadily in view. The counsels of Barclay and of Penn,\\n(the former a governor and the latter a proprietor of the colony,) seemed to have influ-\\nenced their successors, and it is with feelings of honest pride that a Jerseyman may ad-\\nvert to the fact, that the soil of his state is unpolluted by a battle with the Indians, that\\nevery acre of it has been fairly purchased, and that claims, deemed by many imaginary,\\nhave been listened to with respectful attention.\\nThe following letter of thanks was addressed to the legislature by Calvin, and read\\nbefore the two houses in joint meeting on the 14th of March. It was received with\\nshouts of acclamation.\\nTrenton, March 12, 1832.\\nBartholomew S. Calvin takes this method to return his thanks to both houses of the\\nstate legislature, and especially to their committees, for their very respectful attention to,\\nand c;tndid examination of the Indian claims which he was delegated to present.\\nThe final act of official intercourse between the state of New Jersey and the Delaware\\nIndians, who once owned nearly the whole of its territory, has now been consummated,\\nand in a manner which must redound to the honor of this growing state, and, in all prob-\\nability, to the prolongation of the existence of a wasted, yet grateful people. Upon this\\nparting occasion, I feel it to be an incumbent duty to bear the feeble tribute of my praise\\nto the high-toned justice which, in this instance, and, so far as I am acquainted, in all\\nformer times, has actuated the councils of this commonwealth in dealing with the abo-\\nriginal inhabitants.\\nNot a drop of our blood have you spilled in battle not an acre of our land have you\\ntaken but by our consent. These facts speak for themselves, and need no comment.\\nThey place the character of New Jersey in bold relief and bright example to those states\\nwithin whose territorial limits our brethren still remain. Nothing save benisons can fall\\nupon her from the lips of a Lenni Lenappi.\\nThere may be some who would despise an Indian benediction; but when I return to\\nmy people, and make known to them the result of my mission, the ear of the great Sov-\\nereign of the Universe, which is still open to our cry, will be penetrated with our invoca-\\ntion of blessings upon the generous sons of New Jersey.\\nTo those gentlemen, members of the legislature, and others who have evinced their\\nkindness to me, I cannot refrain from paying the unsolicited tribute of my heart-felt\\nthanks. Unable to return them any other compensation, I fervently pray that God will\\nhave them in His holy keeping will guide them in safety through the vicissitudes of this\\nlife, and ultimately, through the rich mercies of our blessed Redeemer, receive them into\\nthe glorious entertainment of his kingdom above.\\nIt ought not to be omitted that Calvin was educated at Princeton at the expense of\\nthe Scotch Missionary Society, and there remained in the pursuit of his studies till the\\ncommencement of hostilities between the colonies and the mother country, when he\\nshouldered his musket and marched against the common enemy.", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0523.jp2"}, "522": {"fulltext": "KJ\\n512 MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.\\nFrom sentiments which the compiler* of these notes respecting him has heard him\\nexpress, he infers that the principles which he cherished in old age would not admit of\\ntaking human life in war.\\nINDIAN NAMES, WITH THEIR SIGNIFICATION.!\\nJlssiscunk Creek, (at Burlington city.)\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Muddy or dirty creek.\\nMloways Creek, (Salem county.) So named from a chief of that name who resided upon it.\\nAbsecumb Bay and town, (Burlington county.)\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A bead) or place of swans, from the numbei which re-\\nsorted there.\\nJicquackanunck Village, (P assaic county.)\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Where gum blocks were made or procured for pounding com.\\nBurlington City. Heckewelder said the Indians called this place Tschicholiocki, which means ancient\\nCultivated land, or the oldest planted ground they said here was built lheir first town on the river.\\nBurlington Island, (partly above the city.)\u00e2\u0080\u0094 This was by the natives called Jiatinicunk and by this\\nname it was given by the Legislature of West Jersey, in 11582, to the town of Burlington, for the support of\\na free school. It contains about 320 acres, and, with the fisheries, yields an annual income of from 1,000 to\\n1,500 dollars.\\nBlue Mountain, (Warren county, c.) Kittaning or Kittanny, as usually w-ritten but it has been subje I\\nto almost as many variations, and even other names, as there are manuscripts or books in which this range\\nis mentioned. The true orthography is Kituteney, meaning the main or chief town. The Jllinsees, or\\nmore properly called the J\\\\linsie$, at a very early period retired to the northerly side of this mountain, where\\nthey erected their towns on the low lands upon each side of the river, whence the name extended to, and\\nincluded the mountain. These low lands still retain the name of the Jffinisink, the peace of setilcment, or\\nhabitation of the Jilmsirs. In an old survey of the Vancampen tract, made in 1718, this mountain is called\\nPohoqualin, which signifies the termination of two mountains, with a stream between, as at the Water\\nGap; and hence also the name of the township of Pahaquarry.\\nBloomfield, Village, (Essex county.) This place was called by the natives ^assessing, crooked place, el-\\nbow-like from a remarkable crook or bend in Third river.\\nCrosswicks, (Burlington on the creek, between Burlington and Mercer counties.)\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Criswicks village.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThe house of separation. It was a custom among the Indians to cause their young women at certain pe-\\nriods to separate themselves from the men, and go to a nut made lor their reception at some distance, and\\nthere to remain a certain number of days, before they were permitted to return One of these places was\\nupon a high bank of the creek where the village now is, and hence the name of the creek.\\nEgg Harbor Bay, (Atlantic county.)\u00e2\u0080\u0094 So named from the number of gulls eggs which were found there\\nin the salt meadows.\\nHobokcn, (Hudson county.)\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A tobacco-pipe; frequently used in a symbolic sense to express crookedness,\\nand is here so used in reference to the form of the river shore.\\nHackcnsack River, (Hudson county.)\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The stream which unites with another in low level ground al-\\nmost imperceptibly.\\nKindcrkamack, (Bergen county.)\u00e2\u0080\u0094 There is a tradition, that in a war between the whites and the Indians,\\nthe latter were driven and sought refuge in a secret place where they might repose for the night in safety,\\nbut the whites, hearing the crowing of a cock early the next inoming,and thereby suspecting their place of\\nretreat, tame upon them by surprise, and took them prisoners. The Indians, attributing their misfortune to\\nthat cause, named the place, Where the cock crowed.\\nJUatchaponix Creek, (Middlesex county.)\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Bad bread denoting a poor country, not producing any thing\\nto make good bread.\\nJMuiuilopan Creek.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 This is in contradistinction to the above, denoting good bread, or good country.\\nMnnasqunn River, (Monmouth county.) An enclosure with a house therein perhaps a fort or place of\\ndefence on this river.\\nJUanahocking Village, (Monmouth county.)\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Good corn-land the creek received its name from this.\\nJMusconctcong Creek, (Hunterdon and Warren.)\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A rapid running stream.\\nJVavisink Bay, (Monmouth county.)\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Fishing place.\\nPerth Jlmboy City, (Middlesex county.)\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Amboy, from Emboli, hollow in the inside, like a bowl; there\\nbeing a depression in the ground a little north of the city. Perth was prefixed in honor of the Earl of Perth,\\n(John Drummond,) one of the proprietors of this place.\\nPiscatazeay Township, (Middlesex county.)\u00e2\u0080\u0094 It is getting dark the Indians probably arrived here in the\\nevening, or in foggy weather. The same name occurs in several of the other slates.\\nPassaic Hire/, (Essex county, c.)\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A valley comparative, in respect to its opposite the Hackensack,\\nwhich, from its flowing a considerable distance through meadow, is without a valley.\\nPompton Village, Src, (Munis county, c.)\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Crooked-mouthed. This probably refers to the manner in\\nwhich the Rtagwood and llainapo rivers pass down and discharge themselves into the Pompton river near\\nthis place.\\nPequannoek River, (Morris county, c Dark river.\\nRamapo River, Passaic county.)\u00e2\u0080\u0094 So named from the number of round ponds which discharge into it.\\nRaritan River, (Somerset county, .C.,, Forked river.\\nShamong Village. The place of the large horn.\\nSuckasunvy Village, (Morris county.;\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Black or iron stone creek; from the creek commonly called Black\\nriver abounding in iron ore.\\nTotawa Falls, (at Paterson.) To sink or be forced down under water by weight.\\nTuckahoe River, (between Cape May and Atlantic counties.)\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Where deer are shy\u00e2\u0080\u0094 difficult to come at.\\nWhippany Creek, (Morris county.)\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Arrow creek where the wood or willow grows, of which arrows\\nwere made.\\nThis article was communicated for this work by William J. Allinson, of Burlington.\\nt Communicated for this work by Thomas Gordon, Esq., of Trenton.\\nTHE END.\\nL M", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0524.jp2"}, "523": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0525.jp2"}, "524": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0526.jp2"}, "525": {"fulltext": "I\\n*p+", "height": "3307", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0527.jp2"}, "526": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3306", "width": "1903", "jp2-path": "historicalcollec00henr_0528.jp2"}}