{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3084", "width": "2019", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "R=\\nsy j^ K^\\nV cv\\noV\\n^^V\\n,V\\n:;^s-\\n-^^0^\\n\u00c2\u00b0o\\nbV\\n-0^\\n^0\\n^p.^ O O,\\nL*^*^\\n:WM\\n-o ^b\\nJ\\n*bV^\\n.0^\\n*o\\no\\n-^s^\\n^r^^\\nS^ .^i C\u00c2\u00b0", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "o ^^s o ^3\\nv^- ^0*\\no\\n-o;-^-^o^ V-^-;**^\\n^0\u00e2\u0080\u00a2\\n^^i ml r^^v\\nV\\nv^.\\n.0\\n^m 0^\\no\\n^oV\\n./Ti\\n-^^o^", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2982", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2945", "width": "1861", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "STORIES FROM AMERICAN HISTORY\\nNEW JERSEY\\nFROM THE DISCOVERY OF SCHEYICHBI\\nTO RECENT TIMES\\nBY\\nFRANK R. STOCKTON\\nWITH MANY ILLUSTRATIONS\\nNEW YOR\\nD. AP PL ETON AND\\n1896\\nCOMPANY", "height": "2987", "width": "1830", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "F/3f\\nCoPVKIliHI l8j6, BY\\nAMERICAN BOOK COMPANY.\\nCOI VKIGHI, 1896,\\nBy D. APPLETON AND COMPANY.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "PREFACE.\\nThis volume of stories, composed of historical inci-\\ndents, or material connected with the history of New\\nJersey, is not intended to be a record, even in a con-\\ndensed form, of the rise and progress of the State.\\nThe stories are arranged chronologically, but there has\\nbeen no attempt to give a complete and continuous\\naccount of events or epochs. The material for the\\nstories has been collected from many sources and the\\nselections have been made with regard to the interest,\\nthe instructiveness, and as far as possible the novelty,\\nof the matter chosen. There has been a constant\\nendeavor, however, to present a series of historical inci-\\ndents in a panoramic form, so that the reading of the\\nstories in their regular succession would give an im-\\npressive idea of the discovery and settlement of the\\nState, of its people, manners, and customs, and of its\\nprogress and achievements, as it was gradually evolved\\nfrom the Indian region of Scheyichbi into the State\\nof New Jersey.\\nIn these stories there is nothing imaginative or fan-\\nciful, except where a reference is made to the early\\n3", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "imaginings and fancies of the aborigines. The stories\\nare not founded on facts, but they are made up of facts\\ncarefully collected from the authorities referred to in\\nthe table of contents. Some of the stories are well\\nknown, but could not be omitted because of their repre-\\nsentative character but others, it is hoped, will be\\nfound familiar only to the professed student of history.\\nThe period of the stories extends from the earliest\\ntimes of Indian tradition down to what may be called\\nour own day but as there was so much available mat-\\nter, and so little space for it, and as there was no inten-\\ntion to give a comprehensive history of the State, it was\\ndeemed well to deal only with the incidents and people\\nthat have passed out of the boundaries of current\\nhistory.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS.\\nPAGE\\nThe Story of the Discovery of Scheyichbi; or, The Aborigines\\nof New Jersey. (Period, prior to 1600.) 9\\nAuthorities: MSS. regarding Indians. Rev. John Heckewelder.\\nHistory of New Jersey. T. F. Gordon.\\nHistory of New Jersey. I. Mulford.\\nThe Story of a Peacemaker. An Indian Woman s Friendly Act.\\n(Period, 1632.) 18\\nAuthority History of New York. Brodhead.\\nThe Winning of the Prize; or. The English Ownership of New\\nJersey. (Period, 1664.) 24\\nAut/iorifit-s History of New Jersey. I. Mulford.\\nHistory of New Jersey. S. Smith.\\nHistory of New Jersey. T. F. Gordon.\\nHow Scheyichbi really became New Jersey. (Period, 1609-\\n1758-) 31\\nAut/ioi ities History of New Jersey. S. Smith.\\nHistory of New Jersey. I. Mulford.\\nHistory of New Jersey. T. F. Gordon.\\nFins, Raitles, and Wings; or. The Wild Animals of Karly Days. 42\\nAuthorities History of New Jersey. .S. Smith.\\nHistorical Collections. Barber and Howe.\\nThe Burlington Smiths. R. M. Smith.\\nThe Story of a Girl and a Hogshead. A Story of the Swedish\\nSettlers. (Period, prior to 1655.) 51\\nAuthority: Historical Collections. Barber and Howe.\\n5", "height": "2889", "width": "1767", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "The Storv of Penelope Stout. (Period, prior to 1669.) 57\\nAuthorities History of New Jersey. S. Smith.\\nHistory of New Jersey. J. C. Raum.\\nHistorical Collections. Barber and Howe.\\nStory of an Old Farm. A. D. Mellick.\\nThe Schoolmaster and the Doctor. (Period, from 1693.) 69\\nAuthorities Colonial History of New Jersey. Grahame.\\nHistory of New Jersey. J. C. Raum.\\nHistorical Collections. Barber and Howe.\\nHistory of Medicine in New Jersey. S. Wickes.\\nThe Slaves of New Jersey. (Period, 1 626-1 860.) 83\\nAuthorities History of New Jersey. T. F. Gordon.\\nHistory of New Jersey. J. C. Raum.\\nHistorical Collections. Barber and Howe.\\nStory of an Old Farm. A. D. Mellick.\\nA Jersey Tea Party; or, The Burning of the Tea at Cohansey.\\n(Period, 1774.) 93\\nAuthorities History of New Jersey. I. Mulford.\\nHistory of New Jersey. J. C. Raum.\\nHistorical Collections. Barber and Howe.\\nStory of an Old Farm. A. D. Mellick.\\nThe Story of a Spy. (Period, 1758-80.) 102\\nAuthority Our Home, published in Somerville, N.J., 1873.\\nMan who coveted Washington s Shoes; or. The Story of\\nGeneral Charles Lee. (Period, 1758-85.) 7\\nAuthorities Historical Collections. Barber and Howe.\\nStory of an Old Farm. A. D. Mellick.\\nLife of Lord Stirling. \\\\V. Duer.\\nThe Man in tiif. Aucer Hole. From the Journal of Mrs.\\nMargaret Mill Morris. (Period, 1776-82.) 130\\nAuthorities: Tiie Burlington Smiths. R. M. Smith.\\nHistory of New Jersey.^ T. F. Gordon.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "PAGE\\nThe Story of Two Captains. Captain Huddy and Captain\\nAsgill. (Period, 1781.) 141\\nAuthorities Historical Collections. Barber and Howe.\\nHistory of New Jersey. J. C. Raum.\\nStory of an Old Farm. A. D. Mellick.\\nThe Story of Tempe Wick. (Period, 1780.) -155\\nAuthorities Story of an Old Farm. A. D. Melliclc.\\nMorris County History. W. W. Munsey.\\nAuthors and Writers Associated with Morris-\\ntown. J. K. Colles.\\nThe Story of Fort Nonsense. (Period, 1776-80.) .163\\nAuthorities: Historical Collections. Barber and Howe.\\nHistory of New Jersey. J. C. Raum.\\nStory of an Old Farm. A. D. Mellick.\\nAn American Lord. Lord Stirling of Basking Ridge. (Period,\\n1726-83.) 177\\nAuthorities Lite of Lord Stirling. W. Duer.\\nHistorical Collections. Barber and Howe.\\nStory of an Old Farm. A. D. Mellick.\\nMolly Pitcher. (Period, 1778.) 186\\nAuthorities History of New Jersey. J. C. Raum.\\nHistorical Collections. Barber and Howe.\\nThe Morristown Ghosts. A Story of 1788 193\\nAuthorities Pamphlet published in 1792. Anonymous.\\nHistorical Collections. Barber and Howe.\\nA Jerseyman and his Royal Crown. Joseph Bonaparte at Bor-\\ndentown. (Period, 1815-39.) 204\\nAuthorities Encycloptedia Britannica.\\nHistorical Collections. Barber and Howe.\\nBordentown and the Bonapartes. J. B. Gilder.\\nJoseph Bonaparte in Bordentown. I M.\\nCrawford.\\nNew Jersey Newspaper Clippings.", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "8\\nPAGE\\nTiiK Dey, the Bey, and some Jersey Sailors. The Barbary\\nWar. (Period, 1800-4.) 214\\nAuthorities History of the United States Navy. J. F.\\nCooper.\\nHistorical Collections. Barber and Howe.\\nSea Fights with a Nohler Foe. The War of 1812 230\\nAuthorities History of the United States Navy. J. F.\\nCooper.\\nField Book of the Revolution. B. J. Lossing.\\nThe Story of the Telegraph and the Steamboat. (Period,\\n1787-1838.) 230\\nAuthorities Appletons Dictionary.\\nNew Jersey Newspaper Clippings.\\nAmerican Inventors of the Telegraph. F. L.\\nPope.\\nHistory of New Jersey. J. C. K.iiim.\\nNew Jersey and the Land oe Cold. The Conquest of Califor-\\nnia. (Period, 1816-66.) 246\\nAuthorities Appletons Dictionary.\\nBiographical Encyclopii-dia of New Jersey.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "STORIES OF NEW JERSEY.\\n3 *iC\\nTHE STORY OF THE DISCOVERY OF\\nSCHEYICHBI.\\nTWK North American Indians, the earliest inhabit-\\nants of this country of whom we know anything\\ndefinite, were great story-tellers; and their histories\\nconsist entirely of stories handed down from parents\\nto children, or, more likely, from grandparents to\\ngrandchildren, ior grandfathers and grandmothers are\\n9", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "10\\ngenerally more willing to tell stories than fathers or\\nmothers. And so these traditions, probably a good\\ndeal brightened by being passed along century after\\ncentury, came down to the Indians who were first\\nmet by white people, and thus we have heard many\\nof them.\\nThe stories told by the Indians inhabiting the\\ncountry which is now the Middle States, all agree\\nthat their remote forefathers came from some region\\nbeyond the Mississippi River. Like the traditions of\\nmost nations, these go so very far back that they are\\nvague and misty but, as this gave the Indians a great\\nopportunity for their imaginations, it is not wonderful\\nthat they improved it. These Indians believed that\\nin the very earliest stages of their existence they were\\nall animals, and li\\\\c(l in caves under the earth. Thev\\nwere hunters but their game consisted of mice, and\\ncreatures of that sort. One of them accidentally dis-\\ncovered a hole by which he got out on the surface\\nof the ground; and, finding it so exceedingly pleasant,\\nit was not long before the whole of his tribe came\\nout, and began life in the light of day.\\nIt may be supposed that these animals gradually\\nchanged to human beings, and built \\\\illages, and\\nplanted corn but in one respect they did not change,\\nnor have they changed at this present day. Many of\\nthem still call themselves after the names of animals;\\nand now the greater jiart of the noted Indians ot our\\ncountry have such names as Sitting Bull, Black\\nBear, and Red Horse. But the stories say that\\nall of the animals did not come out of their under-", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "1 1\\nground homes. Among these were the hedgehog and\\nthe rabbit; and so some of the tribes will not eat\\nthese animals, because in so doing they may be eat-\\ning their family connections.\\nGradually the ancestors of the Indians who told\\ntheir stories to the first .settlers, and who afterwards\\ncalled themselves the Lenni-Lenape, moved eastward,\\nand after many years they reached the Mississippi\\nRiver. By this time they had become a powerful\\nbody. But in the course of their journeys they dis-\\ncovered that they were not the earliest emigrants in\\nthis direction, for they met with a great tribe called\\nthe Mengvve, later known as the Iroquois, who had\\ncome from a country west of the Mississippi, but\\nfarther north than that of our Indians.\\nWe do not hear that these two great tribes of early\\nIndians interfered with each other but when the\\nLenni-Lenape investigated the other side of the Missis-\\nsippi, they found there still another nation, powerful,\\nnumerous, and warlike. These were called the Alli-\\ngewi, from which we have derived the name Alle-\\ngheny. At first the latter tribe was inclined to allow\\nthe Lenape to pass the river; but after a time, finding\\nthat the newcomers were so numerous, they fell upon\\nthem and drove them back.\\nBut the Indians at that remote j:)eri()d nuist have\\nbeen as doggedly determined to move eastward as are\\nour pioneers to move westward and they were not to\\nbe stopi^ed by rivers, mountains, or savage enemies.\\nThe Lenape were not strong enough to fight the\\nAlligewi by themselves, and so they formed an alii-", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "12\\nancc with the Mengwc and these two nations to-\\ngether made war upon the Alligewi, and in the course\\nof time overcame them, and drove them entirely from\\ntheir country.\\nAfter years, or perhaps centuries (for there are no\\ndefinite statements of time in these Indian traditions),\\nthe Mengwe and the Lenape, who had been living\\ntogether in the country of the Alligewi, separated\\nand the Mengwe emigrated to the lands near the\\nGreat Lakes, while the Lenape slowly continued their\\nprogress eastward.\\nThey crossed the Alleghanies, and discovered a\\ngreat river, which they called Susquehanna, and then\\nthey moved on until they came to the Delaware.\\nThis grand stream pleased them so much, that they\\ngave it a name of honor, and called it the Lenapc-\\nwihittuck, or The River of the Lenape. Then they\\ncrossed the river and discovered New Jersey.\\nHere they found a j^lcasant climate, plenty of\\ngame, and no humaii inha])itants whatever. They\\ntherefore ajjpropriated it as their own, and gave it\\nthe name of Schcyichbi; and any one who endeav-\\nors to ])ronounce this name will be likclv to feel\\nglad that it was afterwards changed bv the white\\nsettlers.\\nliefore this first di.scovery of New Jersey, the Lenni-\\nLenape had settled themselves in the beautiful and\\nfertile country about the Susc|uehanna and the west\\nshore of the Delaware, and here established tiicir\\nright to their name, which signifies original pcoi)lc;\\nand if their stories are correct, they certainly are the", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "13\\noriginal inhabitants of this region, and they discovered\\nNew Jersey from the west, and took rightful posses-\\nsion of it.\\nIt is a law of nations, founded then upon the same\\nprinciples of justice as it stands upon now, that dis-\\ncovery by a nation, or the agent of a nation, of un-\\nknown lands entirely uninhabited, gives the discoverers\\nthe right to those lands; and, in accordance with that\\nlaw, the Lenape became the discoverers and original\\nowners of New Jersey.\\nWe will not now allude to the rights they then ac-\\nquired to the country which is now Pennsylvania and\\nother States, because we are confining ourselves to\\nwhat relates to the country of Scheyichbi, the land\\nwhere their eastward migrations ceased. Now, they\\ncould go no farther towards the rising sun, and they\\nwere satisfied to stop.\\nThese Lenape, or Grandfather Tribe as they\\nwere often called, were not merely cruel and ignorant\\nsavages they had many admirable traits of character,\\nand some of their manners and customs might well\\nhave been imitated by those who found them here.\\nThey had an admirable system of government and\\nat regularly appointed periods their wisest men met\\nat the great Council House to make laws, and ar-\\nrange the affairs of the nation. Their conduct in their\\ncouncils was far more decorous and becoming than\\nthat we often hear of among legislators of the present\\nday, whether they are met together in Congress, Par-\\nliament, or Reichstag. These chiefs, chosen for their\\nwisdom and experience, treated each other with the", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "14\\nhi*;hest regard and respect. When one of them arose\\nto address his fellow-legislators, every man in the\\ncouncil room paid the strictest attention to what he\\nsaid; and interruptions, jeers, and ridicule, such as\\nlegislators often make use of at the present day, were\\ntotally unknown among these grave and earnest\\nIndians.\\nThere can be no doubt that the Lenape were su-\\nperior to other Indian nations, and worthy of the proud\\ntitle which they gave themselves and in later years,\\nwhen the river was named after Lord De la Warre,\\nand they were called the Delawares, they were con-\\nsidered the noblest of the Indian tribes.\\nI dwell upon the good qualities and high character\\nof the Lenape, because it was from their main body_\\nthat numerous tribes came across the Delaware River,\\nand became the first Jerseymen, or, if any one likes\\nit better, Scheyichbians. They settled in many pleas-\\nant places, building wigwam villages, many of which\\nhave since grown into modern towns, and still bear\\ntheir old Indian names. In fact, the modern Jersey-\\nman has had the good sense to preserve a great many\\nof the names given to rivers, mountains, and villages\\nby the first owners of the soil.\\nBut, after all, Scheyichbi was not sufificiently dis-\\ncovered and settled for the purposes of civilization,\\nand its fertile soil waited long for the footsteps of the\\nnew immigrants. These came at last from the east.\\nAbout the end of the fifteenth century there was\\na strong desire among the maritime nations of Europe\\nto find a short passage to China and the East Indies.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "15\\nIt was for that reason that Columbus set out on his\\nexpedition but with his story we have nothing to do,\\nfor he did not discover the continent of North Amer-\\nica, and in fact never saw it. But after John Cabot\\nand his son Sebastian, then looking for a passage to\\nCathay in the interest of the King of England,\\nmade a voyage to North America,\\nand had contented themselves\\nwith discovering New-\\nfoundland, Sebastian\\ncame back again,\\nand accomplished a\\ngreat deal more. He\\nsailed along the coast\\nfrom Labrador to the\\nsouthern end of Florida,\\nand in the course of this\\nvoyage discovered New Jer-\\nsey. He made a map of the\\nwhole coast, and claimed all the\\ncountry back of it for the King\\nof England.\\nThere is no proof that Cabot\\nknew whether this country had\\ninhabitants or not. He saw it\\nfrom his ships but he did not make any attempt to\\nsettle it, and thus establish a legal right to the soil. He\\nsimply declared it the property of the Crown of Eng-\\nland, and it is upon this claim that England afterward\\nbased her right to the eastern coast of North America.\\nAnd so New Jersey was discovered from the east.", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "i6\\nAbout a quarter of a century after Sebastian Cabot s\\nvoyage, the French took up the idea that they would\\nlike to discover something, and Francis I. sent an Ital-\\nian mariner, named John Verrazano, across the Atlan-\\ntic Ocean.\\nAfter having sailed far enough, John Verrazano dis-\\ncovered the coast of North America, which he called\\na new land never before seen by any man, ancient\\nor modern. He took possession of it in the name\\nof his king, and, in order to settle the matter, called\\nthe whole coast New France. There is reason to be-\\nlieve that Verrazano discovered the southern part of\\nNew Jersey, for in sailing northward he probably\\nentered Delaware Bay.\\nBut it appears that New Jersey was not yet suffi-\\nciently discovered, and after having been left for a\\nlong time in the possession of its true owners, the\\nLenni-Lenape, it was again visited by Europeans. In\\n1609 the celebrated Henry Hudson, then in the serv-\\nice of the Dutch East India Company, started west-\\nward to try to find a northwest passage to China. In\\nthose bygone days, whenever a European explorer set\\nout to find an easy passage to the East, he was very\\napt to discover New Jersey and this is what hap-\\npened to Henry Hudson. He first discovered it on\\nthe south, and partially explored Delaware Bay then\\nhe sailed up the coast and entered New York Bay,\\nand sailed some distance up the river which now bears\\nhis name.\\nHudson did more for New Jersey than any of the\\nother discoverers, for his men were the first Europeans", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "who ever set foot upon its soil. Some of them landed\\nin the vicinity of Bergen Point, and were met in a\\nfriendly way by a great many of the original inhab-\\nitants. But the fact that he found here possessors of\\nthe soil made no difference to Hudson he claimed the\\ncountry for the Dutch. Five years afterwards, that\\nnation made a settlement at New York, and claiming\\nthe whole of the surrounding country, including New\\nJersey, gave it the name of New Netherland.\\nThus was New Jersey discovered on the north and\\nafter the efforts of four nations, the Indians first,\\nthe English under Cabot, the French, and the Dutch\\n(for Hudson was now in the service of that nation),\\nit may be said to have been entirely discovered.", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "THE STORY OF A PEACEMAKER.\\nAFTER the outside boundaries of New Jersey had\\nbeen pretty thoroughly discovered, it was quite\\nnatural that some nations who laid claim to the State\\nshould desire to find out something in regard to its\\ninterior, and make settlements upon its soil.\\nThis was not done by the English, who had made\\nthe first claim to the land, but by the Dutch. In the\\nearly part of the seventeenth century, the West India\\nCompany of Holland sent out a shij) containing the\\nfoundation for a little colony, men, provisions, and all\\nthings necessary. They sailed into Delaware Bay and\\nthe commander, Cornelius Jacobsen Mey, gave his name\\nto Cape May. The expedition went up the Delaware\\nRiver till they reached Timber Creek, probably not\\nmuch more than ten miles from the spot where Phila-\\ndelphia now stands. There they settled, and built a\\nfort, which they called Fort Nassau. But this was not\\nlooked upon with favor by the Indians, and it was not\\nlong before the whole colony was destroyed.\\nThis unfortunate beginning of the white settlement\\nof New Jersey did not deter the Dutch, who are a per-\\nsevering and dogged people. About twelve years later,\\nanother Dutch commander, De Vries, sailed up the\\ni8", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "19\\nDelaware River, or, as the Dutch called it, the South\\nRiver his main object being to catch whales, very\\ndifferent from the Delaware fisheries of the present\\nday. He set up a little colony on shore but it appears\\nchat the Indians were very much opposed to this\\nsort of thing, and this settlement was destroyed\\nbefore long.\\nBut De Vries still kept up the whaling busi-\\nness and in the course of time, getting out\\nof provisions, he left his vessel, and sailed up\\nthe river in a small craft which was called the\\nSquirrel. He went up as far as the deserted\\nFort Nassau, and there anchored to trade with\\nthe Indians.\\nIt is quite plain that the Indians of New Jersey\\nwere now greatly concerned about the visits of\\nwhite people to their shore for they perceived\\nthat these newcomers were inclined to settle and\\noccupy such places as pleased their fancv, with-\\nout asking permission, or proposing to buy or\\nto pay rent. All this was very disagreeable to\\nthe red men, who had never shown any dispo-\\nsition to open up their country to foreign immi-\\ngration.\\nWhen De Vries anchored, he was \\\\ery well\\nreceived; and about fortv Indians came on board his\\nyacht, and made a call upon him. They were dressed\\nin their best, and, in order to make the visit more\\nagreeable, they brought some of their musical instru-\\nments with them, and gave the Diitehmen a taste of\\nIndian music.\\nIndian Rattle.", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "20\\nThe dress of some of these visitors was a surprise to\\nDe Vries and his men, of whom there were only seven\\non the yacht. It was winter time, and most of the\\nIndians were arrayed in furs, but several of them wore\\njackets made in the English fashion. The visitors were\\nvery friendly, and urged De Vries to sail his vessel up\\na stream, now known as Big Timber Creek, which,\\nthey declared, was a much better place for trading.\\nNow, according to some of the old histories, a woman\\nappeared in the double character of\\npeacemaker and guardian angel.\\nAmong the Lenni-Len ape, as well\\nas the other tribes of North America,\\nwomen often had a peculiar part to\\nplay in national and social affairs. If\\never the services of a peacemaker were\\ndesired, that position was always given\\nto a woman. It was considered deroga-\\ntory to the dignity of a male Indian that he should at\\nany time, of his own accord, desire peace. He and his\\nenemy might both be thoroughly tired of fighting but\\nneither of them would lower himself in his own esti-\\nmation, and in the estimation of his countrymen, by\\nallowing any man to know the state of his mind.\\nBut he did not in the least object to tell his wife that\\nhe wanted to stop fighting and she, very gladly in\\nmost cases, would confer with the wife of the other\\nbrave and when they had concluded peace, the two\\nmen would immediately sit down together, smoke the\\ncalumet, and be good friends; and all this without the\\nslightest loss of dignity.\\nIndian Tam-tam", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "21\\nThis method of making peace was pursued not only by\\nindividuals, but by nations. Very often women had this\\nimportant political duty thrust upon them, a duty for\\nwhich they were probably very well qualified, for it is\\nseldom that the women of a nation desire war.\\nThis national disposition in regard to peacemaking\\nwas once the occasion of a serious misfortune to the\\ntribe of Lenni-Lenape. The tribes to the north, who\\nhad formed themselves into a powerful body called the\\nFive Nations, had long been jealous of their neighbors\\nthe Lenni-Lenape, and contrived a plan to humiliate\\nthem, and render them less important in the eyes of the\\nIndian world. Being at war with some other tribes,\\nthese Five Nations came to the Lenni-Lenape and pre-\\ntended to desire peace, but stated that this was too\\nimportant a case to be managed by women. They\\ndeclared that this was a great work, which should be\\ngiven only into the hands of a quiet, dignified, and\\nhonorable tribe, such as their great neighbors, and\\nurged the Lenape to undertake negotiations for the\\ncessation of hostilities.\\nAs all this seemed reasonable enough, the Lenape\\nwere at last persuaded to become peacemakers, and,\\nas might be supposed, they were entirely successful\\nbut they suffered for their kinjdness and good feeling.\\nEver afterwards they were looked upon by other Indian\\ntribes as no better than women. In Cooper s novels\\nthere are references to the fact that the noble Lenape\\nwere sneered at as peacemakers and squaws.\\nBut we will now return to our guardian angel. It\\nwas after a visit of the Indians to the vessel of De", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "22\\nVries, tnat the peacemaking instinct took possession of\\nthe wife of one of the Indian chiefs and quietly and\\nstealthily, unperceived by her people, she managed to\\nget on board the Squirrel, when she informed the\\ncommander of the real object of his visitors, who had\\ninvited him to sail up Timber Creek. It was\\nthe desire of the Indians to destroy this\\ncompany of white men and the narrow\\nstream where they wished to make the\\nattempt was much better adapted for\\ntheir purpose than the broad waters\\nof the ri\\\\ er.\\nWishmg to prevent an encounter in\\nwhich the sturdy Dutch-\\nmen would probably kill\\nsome of her coun-\\ntrymen before they\\nthemselves were de-\\nstroyed, she had\\ncome to implore the\\nwhites not to run\\ninto the trap which had been set for them. She told\\nthem that the crew of an English shallop, which not\\nlong before had come to visit the place, probably from\\na ship afraid to venture higher up the river, had all\\nbeen slaughtered, and that it was the jackets of these\\nmen that some of her countrymen were wearing.\\nLike a sensible man, De Vries paid attention to this\\nstory, and did not venture into Timber Creek. Whether\\nor not he rewarded the good woman who came to warn\\nhim of his danger, is not known but his account of", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "23\\nthe affair places ner in the position of one worthy of a\\nmonument b}- the women of the State.\\nWhen the Indians came again to De Vries, he de-\\nclared to them that his Great Spirit, or Maneto, had\\nrevealed their wicked purposes, and that he would not\\nsail up the Timber Creek, nor would he allow one of\\nthem upon his vessel and, having ordered them all\\non shore, he dropped some distance down the river.\\nThis conduct doubtless ins])ired the Indians with\\ngreat respect for the brave Dutchmen, and shortly\\nafterwards the chiefs from nine different tribes came\\non board the Squirrel for the purpose of making a\\ntreaty of peace and commerce with the Dutch. All of\\nthese were now dressed in furs, which were their ordi-\\nnary garments but some of them were recognized as\\nthe same men who had former) worn the jackets of\\nthe murdered English sailors. These, however, were\\njust as cordial and friendly as any of the others, and\\nthere is no reason to suppose that they now intended\\ntreachery. The visitors sat down on the deck of the\\nyacht, and held a regular council, and, with appro-\\npriate ceremonies, made presents of beaver skins to the\\nwhites, and solemn])- concluded a treaty of friendship.\\niJ \\\\f", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "THE WINNING OF THE PRIZE.\\nAFTER the importance of the discovery of North\\nAmerica came to be properly appreciated by\\nthe nations of Europe, the ownership was looked\\nupon as a great national prize, and there were sev-\\neral nations who were anxious to play for it. This\\ncountry, so readily approached by the Delaware, be-\\ncame attractive not only to kings and sovereigns, but\\nto settlers and immigrants. Gustavus Adolphus of\\nSweden granted a charter to a company called the\\nWest India Company, which was formed for the pur-\\npose of making settlements on the shores of the\\nDelaware Bay and River, and commissioned them to\\ntake possession of this country, without the slightest\\nregard to what the English sovereign and the Dutch\\nsovereign had granted to their subjects.\\nThe Swedes came to Delaware Bay. They stopped\\nfor a while at Cape Henlopen and then, of course,\\nthey sailed up the Delaware, when things soon began\\nto be very disagreeable between themselves and the\\nDutch, who were there before them.\\nThe Swedes were a warlike set of people, and they\\nheld their ground very well. Besides making some\\nsettlements, they built a fort which they called Elsin-\\n24", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "25\\nburgh and, if a Dutcli ship happened to pass by\\nthat fort, it was obliged to strike its flag in token of\\nsubmission to a superior power. The Indians, who\\nwere perhaps as much opposed to i the Swedish set-\\ntlement as they had been to those\\nof other nations, do not\\nappear to have been able\\nto attack this fort with\\nany success and as\\nfor the Dutch, it is\\nnot certain that they\\neven attempted it. So\\nthe Swedes at that\\ntime governed the\\npassage up and down\\nthe Delaware, as the\\nEnglish now govern\\nthe passage through\\nthe Straits of Gibraltar.\\nIt was probably win-\\nter time or cool weather\\nwhen the Swedes built\\ntheir proud fort on the banks\\nof that river which they now-\\nnamed New Swedeland Stream\\nbut when the warm and pleasant days came on, and it\\nwas easy to travel from the interior to the river shore,\\nand when the weather was so mild that it was quite\\npossible to spend the nights in the woods without injury,\\nthere came an enemy to Fort Elsinburgh which proved\\nfar more formidable than the Indians or Dutch.", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "26\\nThe fcrt was surrounded and frequent and violent\\nattacks were made upon it, especially in the night,\\nwhen it was almost impossible for the garrison to de-\\nfend themselves. Many bloody single combats took\\nplace in which the enemy generally fell, for in bodily\\nprowess a Swede was always superior to any one of\\nthe attacking force. But no matter how many assail-\\nants were killed, the main body seemed Z3 powerful\\nand determined as ever. In course of time the\\nvaliant Swedes were obliged to give way before their\\nenemy. They struck their flag, evacuated the fort,\\nand departed entirely from the place where they had\\nhoped a flourishing settlem.ent would spring up under\\nthe protection of their fort.\\nThe enemy which attacked and routed the Swedes\\nwas a large and invincible army of mosquitoes, againGt\\nwhom their guns, their pistols, tKeir swords, their spears,\\nand their ramparts afforded them no defense.\\nAfter that, the deserted /7 C v. fort was known as\\nMygenborg, meani^i ^\\\\^,;^-^MQ Mosquito Fort.\\ni}^^ The Dutch lookeSj r -^^i,l. ii#-^fC --^vith great disfavor\\non the Swedes, tSCv,^% v who7:ontinued to estab-\\nVflish themselves ^TST V^.i^B^ at various points and\\ne^ although they;.^^^^3 V -r did not mal:- an alliance\\nT ^jf/r^ with the body of natives\\nA^. ^/)f f who had driven these north-\\n\\\\qW people away from Elsin-\\nburgh, for a compact of that\\nOj, kind v/ould be dangerous in many\\n;^^fV ways, they took up the matter by\\nthemselves; and finally the Dutch,", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "27\\nunder their valiant Peter Stuyvesant, completely con-\\nquered the Swedes, and sent their leaders to Holland,\\nwhile the ordinary settlers submitted to the Dutch.\\nBut this state of things did not continue very\\nlong; for the English, who, although they had not\\nyet settled in New Jersey, had never given up their\\npretensions as the original discoverers, came in strong\\nforce, subdued the Dutch, occupied their principal\\ntown, New Amsterdam, and took possession of the\\ncountry, including New Jersey.\\nBut it seemed to be a good deal easier to discover\\nNew Jersey than finally to settle its ownership. Now\\nthat the Dutch and the Swedes were disposed of,\\nthere arose difficulties regarding the English claims\\nto the State. Early in the seventeenth century,\\nQueen Elizabeth had granted an immense tract of\\nland to Sir Walter Raleigh, which was called Vir-\\nginia, and that included the whole of New Jersey.\\nAfterwards Charles II. granted to his brother, the\\nDuke of York, an immense tract of land, which also\\nincluded New Jersey, and which was called New\\nYork. So what is now New Jersey was then at the\\nsame time both Virginia and New York.\\nThe Duke of York, who then owned New Jersey,\\nleased the whole State lands, forests, rivers, wig-\\nwams, Indians, fisheries, Dutch settlers, Swedish set-\\ntlers, everything to John Berkeley (Baron of Strat-\\nton) and Sir George Carteret for the sum of twenty\\nnobles per year (thirty-two dollars of our money).\\nSome authorities, indeed, state that the sum paid was\\nmuch smaller.", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "28\\nAfter a time, however, the claims of Virginia were\\nwithdrawn and not only did Berkeley and Carteret\\nenjoy undisturbed possession of the State, but they\\ngave it a name, and called it Nova Ccesaria, or New\\nJersey, its name being given on account of Carteret s\\nconnection with the Isle of Jersey. The Latin name\\nwas used for a time but the settlers preferred Eng-\\nlish, and so the name now stands. New Jersey was\\nsoon afterwards divided into two provinces, East\\nJersey and West Jersey. The accompanying map\\nshows the line of division between the two provinces,\\nwhich was made in 1676. It ran from the southern\\nend of what is now Long Beach, in Little Egg Harbor,\\nto a point on the Delaware River. Two other lines\\nof partition were afterwards made, both starting from\\nthe same point on the seacoast one running some-\\nwhat to the west, and the other to the east, of the\\noriginal line.\\nAfter some changes in the proprietorship of the\\nColony, West Jersey came into the possession of twelve\\nmen, one of whom was the celebrated William Penn,\\nwhose connection with West Jersey began six years\\nbefore he had anything to do with Pennsylvania.\\nPenn and his colleagues gave West Jersey a purely\\ndemocratic government, founded upon principles of\\njustice and charity, in which the people themselves\\nruled. Full freedom in regard to religious views was\\ninsured; trial by jury was granted; and punishments\\nwere made as lenient as possible, with a view to the\\nprevention of crimes rather than the infliction of penal-\\nties. The result of this was that for a lone: time", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "30\\nthere were no serious crimes in this Province, and the\\ncountry was rapidly settled by thrifty Quakers anxious\\nto live where they would have liberty of conscience.\\nIn the course of time, L^ast Jersey also came into\\nthe possession of Penn and his eleven associates, and\\nthe number of proprietors was increased to twenty-\\nfour. At the end of the century the two provinces\\nwere united into one, and shortly afterwards they\\npassed into the possession of the Crown of lingland,\\nand became subject to the ordinary British laws. F or\\na long time afterwards, however, the State was known\\nas the Jerseys.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "HOW SCHEYICHBI REALLY BECAME NEW-\\nJERSEY.\\nA POINT in the history of New Jersey, more im-\\nportant in a moral point of view than that of\\nits European ownership, was that of the purchase of\\nthe lands from the first and true owners, the Indians.\\nAs has been said, Berkeley and Carteret issued an\\ninjunction that the settlers should purchase their lands\\nfrom the tribes which had lived u])on them. This", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "32\\nsystem was subsequently carried out until every foot\\nof the land of the whole State was bought and paid\\nfor, the first transactions of the kind, having taken\\nplace several years before Penn s treaty with the\\nIndians in Pennsylvania.\\nUp to the time when the country finally passed\\ninto the hands of the English, the Indians had re-\\nsisted the attempts of the whites to settle among them\\nbut now, finding that they were to be fairly dealt\\nwith, a better feeling arose, and the red men were\\ncontent to dwell with the whites as friends and neigh-\\nbors. Of course, all the settlers did not promptly pay\\nfor their lands, and there were some minor disputes\\nfrom this cause but in general the whites regularly\\npurchased the land upon which they intended to make\\ntheir homes, and in time all were obliged to do so.\\nAs may be supposed, very large prices were not paid\\nfor these lands but the transactions were strictly\\nhonorable, because the parties on each side gave what\\nthey had, and all were satisfied with what they got.\\nThe payments for land frequently consisted partly\\nof ready-made coats, kettles, and in some cases of jevv s-\\nharps. Tracts of land large enough for a town were\\nsometimes sold for a barrel of cider. Now, this might\\nappear rather a hard bargain for the Indians but it\\nmust be considered that they had more land than they\\nwanted, and no ready-made coats, or kettles, or jew s-\\nharps, or cider.\\nBut it was not to be expected that the Indians\\nwould always be satisfied with their treatment and\\nin fact they had a good many grievances. As has", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "33\\nbeen said, a settler sometimes established himself on\\na good piece of land without consulting the Indians\\nof the neighborhood, or offering them payment, and\\nin such cases there would be remonstrances from the\\nred men. Then, again, the whites could not always\\nunderstand the nature of Indian bargains. A man\\nwould buy a piece of land, and think that he owned\\nnot only the ground, but all that grew upon it, all\\nthat flew in the air above it, and everything that\\nswam in its waters; and when the Indians, after\\nhaving received payment for the farm, came there\\nto hunt and fish, and strip the bark off the trees,\\nthe purchaser was apt to object.\\nA notable difificulty of this kind occurred on Sandy\\nHook, where a man named Hartshorne had bought a\\ntract of land from the Indians, and afterwards found,\\nthat, according to their ideas, he had no exclusive\\nright to the fish, game, and timber of his new pur-\\nchase and he was especially made to understand\\nthat he had not bought the wild plums. This matter\\nof the ownership of the plums afterwards became a\\nsource of considerable trouble, and was settled by\\nHartshorne paying to the chief of the neighboring\\ntribe the sum of thirteen shillings, by which he ac-\\nquired the entire right to the plums and all the other\\nthings on his land.\\nThe Indians had also a grievance of a different\\nkind. There was a conference held in Burlington,\\nbetween the Indians and the whites, in 1678, which\\nwas convened on account of a complaint by the Indi-\\nans that the English, in selling them some ready-\\nSTU. Ol- N.|.", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "34\\nmade coats, had also sold them the smallpox. The\\ntemper of the Indians may be shown by one of their\\nspeeches on this occasion. A leading chief declared:\\nWe are willing to have a broad path for you and\\nus to walk in and if an Indian is asleep in this\\npath, the Englishman shall pass by him and do him\\nno harm and if an Englishman is asleep in the\\npath, the Indian shall pass him by and say, He is\\nan Englishman he is asleep let him alone he\\nloves to sleep It shall be a plain path. There\\nmust not be in this path a stump to hurt our feet.\\nAnd as for the smallpox, it was once in my grand-\\nfather s time, and it could not be the English that\\ncould send it to us then, there being no English in\\nthe country. And it was once in my father s time,\\nthey could not send it to us then, neither. And now it\\nis in my time, I do not believe that they have sent it\\nto us now. I do believe it is the man above who has\\nsent it to us. Soon after this, tlie two parties ex-\\nchanged presents, and went away satisfied.\\nFor many years after this, there seem to have\\nbeen few or no troubles between the Indians and the\\nsettlers of New Jersey. But matters changed about\\nthe middle of the next century and when the Indian\\nwars began in Pennsylvania, the red men of New\\nJersey showed .symptoms of hostility to the whites.\\nMatters grew worse and worse; and the Indians be-\\ngan to muider families, burn buildings, and carry\\naway i)risoners.\\nThis state of affairs grew so alarming that the Legis-\\nlature took the matter in haiul. They appointed com-", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "35\\nmissioners to examine into the treatment of the Indians,\\nand see if there were any good cause for their sudden\\nenmity and, after a conference with some of the\\nchiefs, a bill was passed by the Legislature to put an\\nend to a good many of the impositions of which the\\nIndians complained. Among these was a habit of the\\nwhites of giving the Indians spirits, and then making\\nbargains with them when they were not at all in a\\ncondition to do business of that kind. The Indians\\nalso complained of the practice of trapping deer, thus\\ndecreasing the game in the forests, and the occupa-\\ntion of land, without payment, by the settlers who were\\ncontinually coming into the country.\\nAnother bill was passed appropriating 1600 to\\nbuy from the Indians the entire right to all the lands\\nwhich they yet held in New Jersey. But as there was\\nno desire to banish the Indians from their native land,\\none half of this sum was reserved as payment for a\\nlarge tract of land, or reservation, which should be\\ntheir home, and on which no white man would have\\nany right to settle, whether he was willing to buy the\\nland or not. When this had been done, it was neces-\\nsary to submit the matter to the Indians and a coun-\\ncil was called at Burlington, at which were present\\nthe g-overnor of the Province, and some of the most\\nprominent Indian chiefs.\\nAt this conference there was a notable exhibition\\nof Indian etiquette. The governor had called the Mini-\\nsinks, a tribe of the Delawares, to meet him and\\nthey had informed the Mingoians, who, with some\\nother northern tribes, were then gathered together at", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "36\\nthe grand council fire at the forks of the Delaware,\\nwhere is now Easton. This was done, because at that\\ntime the Mingoians considered themselves superior to\\nthe Delawares, from whom proper respect was due.\\nOne of the chiefs from* the council fire was sent\\ndown to represent the Mingoians. After some speeches\\nwere made, he told the white governor that the Mini-\\nsinks, being Delawares, were women, and were not\\nable of themselves to make treaties, therefore he had\\ncome down to look into the matter. As his people\\nwere then holding a grand council fire at the forks\\nof the Delaware, they did not wish to put it out and\\nbuild another council fire on this side of the Delaware.\\nThe reason which he gave for this was figurative and\\nIndian-like.\\nHe stated that the river roared and thundered, and\\nmade a great deal of noise and, if the council were\\nheld on this side, the distant Indian nations who dwelt\\nto the west of the Delaware could not hear what was\\nsaid at the council, and therefore it would be unfair\\nto them to hold it on this side of the river. He con-\\ncluded with a cordial invitation to the governor and his\\nparty to meet the Indians at their own council fire.\\nAbout a month afterward, the governor, with some\\nmembers of the Legislature, and other white people\\nfrom New Jersey and Pennsylvania, met over five\\nhundred Indians at the forks of the Delaware in\\ngrand council. Some of the speeches on this occasion\\nwere very interesting. A chief of the United Nations,\\nspeaking for the Delawares, who, having made them-\\nselves women by becoming peacemakers, had no right", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "37\\nto speak for themselves, addressed the council as fol-\\nlows\\nBrethren, we now remove the hatchet out of your\\nheads, that was struck into it by our cousins the Dela-\\nwares It was a French hatchet they unfortunately\\nmade use of, by the instigation of the French. We\\ntake it out of your heads, and bury it underground,\\nwhere it shall always rest, and never be taken up again.\\nOur cousins the Delawares have assured us they will\\nnever think of war against their brethren the English\\nany more, but will employ their thoughts about peace\\nand cultivating friendship with them, and never suffer\\nenmity against them to enter into their minds again.\\nAnother chief said Brethren, I speak in behalf\\nof the younger nations, \u00e2\u0080\u0094those who are confederated\\nwith the Six Nations, the Cayugas, Oneidas, Tusca-\\nroras, Tutaloes, Nanticokes, and Conoys. A road has\\nbeen made from our country to this council fire, that\\nwe might treat about friendship and as we came down\\nthe road, we saw, that, by some misfortune or other,\\nblood has lately been spilt on it. Now, we make the\\nroad wider and clearer. We take the blood away out\\nof it, and likewise out of the council chamber, which\\nmay have been stained. We wash it all away, and\\ndesire it may not be seen any more, and we take the\\nhatchet out of your heads.\\nThe governor of New Jersey also addressed this\\ncouncil, particularly urging them to require the Indi-\\nans who had taken away prisoners to return these\\nunfortunate people to their homes. In answer to this,\\none of the great chiefs of the United Nations made a", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "38\\nspeech to the Minisinks and the Delawares, in which\\nhe gave them a good scolding for not having returned\\nthese prisoners before for it seemed that they had\\npromised to do so.\\nThe council continued several days and the Mini-\\nsinks promised faithfully that they would search all\\nthe towns in their territory for prisoners, and return\\nthem to their own people. This matter having been\\nsettled, Governor Bernard made a formal proposition\\nto buy all the lands which the Indians still retained\\nin New Jersey; and, after a good deal of consultation,\\nthe chiefs of the United Nations advised the Mini-\\nsinks and Delawares to accept the terms which were\\noffered. After much talk, it was done, the necessary\\npapers were signed, and the State of New Jersey was\\nformally bought from its Indian owners.\\nAfter this great matter had been settled, the tract\\nof land which was to be set apart for the occupation\\nof the Indians of the State, south of the Raritan River,\\nin Hurlington County, was purchased. It consisted of\\nthree thousand acres, which reached to the seacoast.\\nThere was plenty of fishing on it, and there were wild\\nlands and forests, in which game abounded. Here\\nthe Indians could live as they pleased after their old-\\nfashioned fashions, and never need fear disturbance\\nby white men. Here they removed, and here they\\ndid live, apparently perfectly satisfied; and after this\\nthere were no further Indian troubles in New Jersey.\\nThe Indians on this reservation came to be known\\nas the I xlge-Pillocks, and in course of time consider-\\nable civilization crept in among them. It is a proof", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "39\\nof this, that one of them, who took the name of Stephen\\nCalvin, kept a school, and that his son Bartholomew\\nwent to Princeton College, and afterwards taught\\nschool. It is said that in his school there were as\\nmany white scholars as Indians.\\nIn 1801 these Edge-Pillock Indians were invited by\\nthe Mohicans of New York to leave their New Jer-\\nsey home and come and live with them. In their\\ninvitation the Mohicans said they would like them\\nto pack up your mat and come and eat out of our\\ndish, which is large enough for all, and our necks are\\nstretched in looking toward the fireside of our grand-\\nfather till they are as long as cranes.\\nThe Edge-Pillocks sold their reservation, had the\\nmoney invested for them in United States stocks, and\\nwent to join the Mohicans. After that, both tribes de-\\ncided to buy land in Michigan, and the Edge-Pillocks\\ndisposed of their stocks to pay for their share.\\nBut our New Jersey Indians did not fare well in\\nthe West. Their fortunes did not prosper, and they\\ngrew poorer and poorer, until in 1832 their numbers\\ndecreased to about forty. Feeling the pressure of\\npoverty, their Indian disposition suggested to them a\\nremedy. They remembered, that, although they had\\nsold their reservation, nothing had been said in the\\ndeeds concerning the game and the fish on the prop-\\nerty and they chose to consider that these still be-\\nlonged to them. They therefore sent Bartholomew\\nCalvin, who was now their oldest chief, to New Jersey\\nto ask the Legislature to buy these remaining rights.\\nThe Legislature promptly agreed to do this, and ap-", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "40\\npropriated two thousand dollars, which was the sum\\nBartholomew named, to buy of the Indians all their\\nremaining rights of every kind in New Jersey.\\nThis act may be considered as one of kindness and\\ncharity to the former owners of the land, rather than\\nas an act of justice, because there is no doubt, that\\nwhen the Indians sold the reservation, and invested\\nthe i^roceeds, they intended to sell every deer, fish,\\nbird, and mosquito on the whole tract. But it is an\\nhonor to the Legislature of that day that it was will-\\ning to make happy the last days of the New Jersey\\nIndians by this act. That the Indians appreciated\\nwhat had been done, may be seen from the following\\nextract from a letter from Bartholomew Calvin\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Upon this i)aitiii,ii occasion I feel it to be an incumbent duty\\nto bear the feeble tribute of my praise to the hijili-toned justice\\nof this State in deahng with the aboriginal inhabitants. Not a\\ndrop of our blood have you spilled in battle, not an acre of our land\\nhave you taken but by our consent. These facts speak for them-\\nselves, and need no comment. They place the character of New\\nJersey in i)old relief, a bright example to those States within\\nwhose territorial limits our brethren still remain. Nothing save\\nbenisons can fall upon her from the lips of a Lcnni-Lenapc.\\nHul the love ol their old home did not die out en-\\ntirely in the hearts of all the lulge-Pillock Indians,\\nwho emigrated, lust to New York, and llien to\\nMichigan. There was one Indian brave and his squaw,\\nwho, after living at Oneida for some time, began to\\nlong again for the old hunting groimd in New Jerse\\\\-;\\nand, before the I est of their tribe went West, these\\ntwo came back to lUulinglon Count\\\\-, and established\\nthemselves in a little house neai- Mount IIollv. Here", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "41\\nthese two Indians li\\\\-c(l for a1)out twenty years and\\nwhen they died, they left a daughter, a tall powerful\\nwoman, known in the neighborhood as Indian Ann,\\nwho for many years occupied the position of the last\\nof the Lenni-Lenape in New Jersey.\\nShe lived to be more than ninety years old and\\nher long straight black hair, her copper-colored skin,\\nand bright eyes, gave the people of the\\nneighborhood a good idea of what sort\\nof people used to inhabit this country\\nbefore their ancestors came over the sea.\\nShe had many true Indian character-\\nistics, and loved to work in the open air\\nbetter than to attend to domestic mat-\\nters in the house. Even when she\\nwas very old, she would go into the\\nwoods and cut down trees as if\\nshe had been a man. She did not\\ndie until December, 1894; and\\nthen the people who had known\\nher so long gathered together at her\\nf uiircral, and buried the last of the Indians of New Jersey.\\nThus Scheyichbi, the land of the Indians, became\\ntruly and honestly New Jersey, the land of tlie Eng-\\nlish settlers; and to this State belongs the honor of\\nhaving been the first in the Union in which the set-\\ntlers purchased and jxiid for the lands on whicli they\\nsettled, and in which tlie aboriginal owners were so\\nfairly treated that every foot of the soil not purchased\\nof them by individuals was bought and jxiid for by the\\ngovernment of the State.", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "FINS, RAITLKS, AMJ WINGS.\\nWIIl .X the tirst settlors came to New Jorsov, they\\niDiiiid ill that c(umtr\\\\- ])lent\\\\ ol wild animals,\\nsome of them desirable, and some cjuite otherwise.\\nIn the first class were ;reat herds of red deer (espe-\\ncially in the central portion of the State), beavers, hares,\\n42", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "43\\nand squirrels, and, among the dangerous kinds, bears,\\npanthers, wolves, wild cats, and rattlesnakes. There\\nwere also many foxes, which were a great injury to\\nthe poultry yards of the settlers. Some of these\\ncreatures were so troublesome, that bounties were\\npaid for the heads of panthers, foxes, and some other\\nanimals.\\nThe white settlers found New Jersey a capital hunt-\\ning ground. Nothing, however, that is told about hunt-\\ning in the early days of New Jersey equals the accounts\\nwhich are given of the fishing in the waters of that\\nState. Soon after the settlement of Burlington, one\\nof the townspeojjle wrote to his friends in England,\\ndescribing the manner in which the people fished in\\nthat place.\\nThe Delaware abounded in fish, and in the spring\\nit swarmed with herring. When the early Burlingto-\\nnians wanted to catch herring, they did not trouble\\nthemselves about nets, or hooks and lines, but they\\nbuilt in the shallow water near the shore a pen, or,\\nas they called it, a pinfold, made by driving stakes\\ninto the sand so as to inclose a circular space about\\nsix feet in diameter. On the side toward the open\\nwater an aperture was left and a big bush was\\nmade ready to close this up when the proper time\\ncame. Then the fishermen waded into the water,\\ncarrying with them great birch bushes. Sweeping\\nthe water with these, they slowly advanced toward\\nthe pinfold, driving swarms of herring before them,\\nand so surrounding the frightened fish, that they had\\nno way of escape, except by rushing through the", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "44\\nentrance of the pinfold. Into the inclosurc the shin-\\ning creatures shot, jjiishing, crowding, and dashing\\nover each other, until the pen was packed with fish,\\nalmost as closely jammed together as sardines in a\\ntin box. Then the bush was driven down into the\\nopening and all that it was necessary to do, was to\\ndip into the pinfold and take out great handfuls of\\nfish. In this way bushels of herring could be pro-\\ncured at one time.\\nIt is not to be supposed that in those days game\\nfishing flourished to any extent that is, sportsmen\\ndid not go out with rods and flies to catch little fish\\none at a time, when it was so easy to scoop them\\nup by d(^zens.\\nShad, too, were very abundant in those days, but\\nnot so highly valued as now. In fact, it is stated\\nthat v.hen the settlers became more numerous, and\\nthe herring fewer, these fish were held in higher\\nrepute than shad so that, when a man bought one\\nhundred herring, he was expected to take ninety-five\\nherring and Wvc shad, or .something in that proj^or-\\ntion, shad being then rather a ilrug in the market.\\nIn those early days there were denizens of the\\nwaters on the shores of New Jersev verv much more\\nvaluable tiian herring, shiid, or anv other of these\\nfinny creatures, no matter in what dense throngs\\nthey might |)rcsent themseKes. These were whales,\\nof which there were numbeis in Delaware Bay, and\\neven some distance up the ri\\\\er. When the Dutch\\nDc Vries first came into these waters, he came after\\nwhales; and even at the i)resent da\\\\ one of these", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "45\\nc^roat water monsters oceasionally investigates the\\nwestern coast of New Jersey, generally i)a}ing dear\\nfor his curiosity.\\nThere were a great many snakes, many of them\\nrattlesnakes, especially in the hilly countrw The\\nearly settlers had a curious way of making them-\\nselves safe from these creatures. When they were\\ngoing to make a journey through the woods or along\\nwild country, where they expected to find snakes,\\nthey would take with them several hogs, and drive\\nthese grunting creatures in front of them. Hogs are\\nvery fond of eating snakes, and as they went along\\nthey would devour all they met with. It did not\\nmatter to the hogs whether the snakes were poison-\\nous or harmless, they ate them all the same for\\neven the most venomous rattlesnake has but little\\nchance against a porker in good condition, who, with\\nhis coat of bristles and the thick lining of fat under\\nhis skin, is so well protected against the fangs of\\nthe snake, that he pays no more attention to them\\nthan we to the seeds of a strawberry when we are\\neating one.\\nRattlesnakes were in fact the most dangerous\\nwild animals with which the early settlers had to\\ncontend for they were very numerous, and their bite,\\nit not treated ])roperly at once, was generally fatal.\\nThe Indians, who well knew the habits of the snake,\\nwere not nearly as much afraid of it as were the\\nwhites.\\nIn order to protect one s self against these creatures,\\nuidess there are too man) of them, it is only neces-", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "46\\nsary to make noise enough to let the snake know-\\nthat some one is approaching, and it gets out of the\\nway as fast as possible or, if it has not time to do\\nthis, it coils itself up and springs its rattle, thus giv-\\ning notice that it is on hand, and ready to strike.\\nIt has often been said that the snake s rattle is for\\nwarning to birds and other animals but this is now\\nknown to be a mistake, for when a snake rattles, it\\nstrikes its victim almost at the same time, if it has\\na chance.\\nIt is now believed that the rattle is used to attract\\nthe attention of birds and other small creatures and\\nwhen they turn, and look into the eyes of the ter-\\nrible serpent, they are so overcome with terror that\\nthey cannot fly away, and soon become its prey.\\nThis is commonly called snake charming; and a great\\nmany instances of it are related by j^eople who are in\\nthe habit of telling the truth, and who have seen a\\nsnake charm a bird which could have flown away just\\nas well as not, had it not been for the terrible attrac-\\ntion of those great eyes, which drew it nearer and\\nnearer, until at last it found itself in the jaws of a\\nsnake.\\nThe Indians did not give this significance to the\\nrattle: they believed, as many jieople now do. that\\nit was merely used as a warning. So, when an In-\\ndian met with a snake which rattled before he came\\nup to it, he took it to be a snake of honest, straight-\\nforward i)rinciples, who wished to deceive nobody,\\nand therefore gave fair notice of its presence. Such\\na ser|-)ent was never molested, lint if a snake rattled", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "47\\nutter an Indian had passed, the red man went back\\nand killed the creature, on the ground that it was\\na sneak and a coward, which had neglected to give\\nwarning to the passer-by.\\nA farmer living in Cumberland County tells a story\\nabout having discovered an island in a swamp, which\\nso abounded in snakes, that he and some of his neigh-\\nbors conceived the idea that this was the place where\\nthey made their headquarters, and from which, in\\nsummer time, they wandered to forage upon the coun-\\ntry. The farmers waited until winter before they made\\nan attack upon this stronghold and then they came\\nand dug uj:) the ground, knowing that these reptiles\\nalways pass the cold season in a torpid state under-\\nground.\\nIt was not long before they came to what might be\\ncalled in these days a cold-storage vault. This was\\na flat-bottomed cavity, filled to the depth of about three\\ninches with clear spring water and in this water were\\npacked away a great number of snakes,\\nevenly laid side by side, so as to take up\\nas little room as possible. The majority of these crea-\\ntures were rattlesnakes but there were\\nblack snakes among them, and one\\nlarge spotted snake. Besides these,\\nthere were, as the narrator ex-\\npressed it, at least a peck of\\ns])ring frogs these having\\nprobably crawled in to\\nfill up all corners and\\nvacant places. All these ^^7 fi i^^v-i\\n*v\\n.I\\n4^ ^^r^\\nf^ t.N", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "48\\nreptiles were of course dormant and insensible, and\\nwere easily destroyed.\\nThere is another story which gives even a better\\nidea of the abundance of rattlesnakes in the new\\ncolony. In a quarry, from which the workmen were\\nengaged in getting out stone for the foundations of\\nPrinceton College, a wide crack in the rocks was dis-\\ncovered, which led downward to a large cavity and\\nin this cave were found about twenty l^ushels of rattle-\\nsnake bones. There was no reason to believe that\\nthis was a snake cemetery, to which these creatures\\nretired when they supposed they were approaching\\nthe end of their days but it was, without doubt, a\\ngreat rattlesnake trap. The winding narrow passage\\nleading to it must have been very attractive to a snake\\nseeking for retired quarters in which to take his long\\nwinter nap. Although the cave at the bottom of the\\ngreat crack was easy enough to get into, it was so\\narranged that it was difficult, if not impossible, for a\\nsnake to get out of it, especially in the spring, when\\nthese creatures are very thin and weak, having been\\nnourished all winter by their own fat. Thus year after\\nyear the rattlesnakes must have gone down into that\\ncavity, without knowing that they could never get out\\nagain.\\nThe great rivals, in point of numbers, to the her-\\nring and other fish in the rivers of New Jersev (and\\nthe snakes in their winter (piarlers underground), were\\nthe wild pigeons in the air. Several times in the\\nyear the settlers would be visited bv vast Hocks of\\nthese birds, whicli ciinif in ^\\\\\\\\rU numbers as to shut", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "49\\nout the light of the sun, as if they had been clouds\\nin the sky. They would remain in one place for a\\nfew days, and then pass on. As it was unnecessary\\nto use hooks and lines to catch a few fish out of the\\nmultitudes which swarmed in the streams, so it was\\nhardly worth while to waste powder and shot on the\\nvast flocks of pigeons which visited New Jersey in\\nthose days. When they came to roost in the forests,\\nthey could be knocked down with poles and stones and\\nthousands and thousands of them were thus obtained\\nby the men and boys, and very good eating they were.\\nThere was a summer in which the settlers were very\\nmuch astonished by the advent of a vast army of in-\\nvaders to which they were not at all accustomed.\\nThese were locusts, probably of the kind we now call\\nseventeen-year locusts and the people were amazed to\\nsee these creatures come up out of the ground, clad\\nin their horny coats of mail, which they afterwards\\ncast off, when they appeared as winged creatures.\\nThey could not understand how insects encuiubered\\nby such, hard, unwieldy shells, could penetrate to such\\ndistance below the surface of the earth for they did\\nnot know that each one of these locusts came from a\\nlittle worm which had dropped into the ground many\\nyears before, and which had worked its way down to\\na great depth, and then, about a sixth of a century\\nafterward, had reappeared on the surface as a hard-\\nshell locust, ready to split its back, get out of its shell,\\nspend a few days flying about in the summer air, lay\\nits eggs in the twigs of trees, and then, having fulfilled\\nall its duties on this earth, to die.\\nSTO, OF iN.J. 4.", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "50\\nAlthough the farmers probably supposed that their\\ncrops would be eaten up by this vast horde of locusts,\\nno great injury was done to them; for, as we now\\nknow, the scventcen-year locusts do not aj)pear upon\\nearth to destroy crops and vegetation, being far dif-\\nferent from the grasshopper-like locusts which in our\\nWestern countries sometimes devastate large sections\\nof farming lands. The twigs of the trees, which had\\nbeen punctured in order that the eggs might be de-\\nposited, recovered their life, and put forth their leaves\\nagain when they had ceased to act as insect incu-\\nbators.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "THE STORY OF A GIRL AND A HOGS-\\nHEAD.\\nSETTLERS came to New Jersey in various ways.\\nTheir voyages were generally very long, and it\\noften happened that they did not settle at the place\\nfor which tliey had started, for there were many cir-\\ncumstances which might induce them to change their\\nmind after they reached this country.\\nBut there was one settler, and a very valuable one\\ntoo, who came to New Jersey in an entirely original\\nand novel fashion. She was a girl only sixteen years\\nold, and a Swede. There is no reason to suppose that\\nshe wanted to come to America but circumstances\\nmade it necessary that she should get out of Sweden,\\nand this country was a very good place to come to.\\nIt is said that this girl, whose surname we do not\\nknow, but who was called Elizabeth, was a connec-\\ntion of the Swedish royal family and, as there was\\ngreat trouble at the time between different factions\\nin the land, it happened that it was dangerous for\\nElizabeth to remain in Sweden, and it was very diffi-\\ncult to get her away. It is quite certain that she was\\na person of importance, because it was considered ab-\\nsolutely necessary to keep the authorities from know-\\ning that she was about to sail for foreign lands.\\n51", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "52\\nThere are people at the present day who, when\\nthey first go on board an ocean steamer, are very\\nmuch surprised and disgusted at the small size of the\\nstateroom tlic\\\\ will have to occupy during the voyage;\\nbut if they could have seen the accommodations with\\nwhich Elizabeth was obliged to content herself, they\\nwould not look with such contempt upon a room in\\nwhich three persons can sleep, leaving space to move\\nabout.\\nThe people who had Elizabeth s passage in charge\\nconceived the idea that the safest way to get her on\\nboard the vessel, which was waiting at the dock, would\\nbe to ship her as freight. So she was put into a large\\nhogshead, and securely fastened up, and then carried\\non board. She must have been a girl of a good deal\\nof jiluck, for the vessel was not to sail for several\\ndays, and she must remain in the hogshead all that\\ntime, as the officials of the port might come on bcnird\\nat any moment and discover her, if she should get\\nout of her hiding place. I have no doubt that she\\nwas supplied with tliree or four meals a day through\\nthe bunghole.\\nNot onlv was ICHzabeth s jirecious self thus duly\\nconsigned to .America as if she had been ordinary\\nmerchandise, but a great many of her valuable jios-\\nsessions, jewels, clothes, etc., were also shipped to\\naccompany her. In the course of time, and it nnist\\nha\\\\c been a drearv time to this poor girl, the shi])\\nmoved out of the dock, and started on its voyage\\nacross the North Sea, and then over the Atlantic to\\nthe new country. Not until the vessel was well out", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "53\\nof sight of laiul, and free from danger of being over-\\nhauled bv a vessel of the Swedish navy, did Eliza-\\nbeth come out of her barrel and breathe the fresh\\nsea air.\\nAt that time, early in the seventeenth century, a\\ngood many vessels crossed the Atlantic, and most of\\nthem must have made safe and successful\\nvoyages but it so happened that the\\nship in which Elizabeth sailed was not\\na fortunate craft. When she reached\\nthe far-stretching Jersey coast, danger-\\nous even now to mariners who know it\\nwell, this vessel was overtaken by storm,\\nand soon became a hopeless wreck.\\nIt might have been a very good\\nthing if Elizabeth had concluded\\nto end her vovage as she began it.\\nIf she had put her valuables into\\nher hogshead, and then had jumped\\nin herself and had asked some of\\nthe sailors to fasten her up, there\\nis no doubt that she would have\\nfloated ashore, if she had known\\nhow to keep the open bunghole\\nuppermost, which no doubt she\\ndid, and would have saved all her possessions. If\\none must float through stormy waves and great break-\\ners, there is no safer way to do it than in a hogshead,\\nas has been proved by the man who in that way navi-\\ngated the fierce rapids at Niagara. But Elizabeth did\\nnot go back to her hogshead. Shj took her chances", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "54\\nwith the rest of the people on board, and with them\\nwas cast on the shore of New Jersey.\\nThis shore was absoUitely wild and bare, and what\\nbecame of the others who reached it, we do not know\\nbut Elizabeth eventually wandered off by herself, alone\\nand lost in a strange land. If the people who had\\nbeen so much concerned about her connection with the\\nSwedish throne had been able to see her then, they\\nwould have been perfectly satisfied that she would give\\nthem no further trouble. How she lived during her\\ndays of wandering and solitude is not told but when\\nwe remember that New Jersey is noted for its berries\\nand for its clams, and that it was probably summer time\\nwhen she was cast ashore (for mariners would generally\\ncalculate to arrive at the settlement in good weather),\\nwe may give a very good guess at Elizabeth s diet.\\nIt was not very long before she found that there\\nwas another wanderer in this desolate and lonely\\nplace. She met with a white hunter named Garrison;\\nand very much surprised must he have been when his\\neyes first fell ui)on her, ahnost as much surj^rised,\\nperhaps, as if he had come upon a stranded hogshead,\\nwith a human voice calling through the bunghole to\\nbe let out.\\nWhen a jxissible heiress of a roval crown meets\\nwith a solitary hunter, probably poor and of no family\\nto speak of, her recejition of him (k|)cnds very nuich\\nupon surrounding circumstances. In this case, those\\ncircumstances induced I .li/abeth to look upon Gar-\\nrison with more favor than siie hail ever looked upon\\na king or noble, for there is no doubt that she would", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "55\\nhave perished on that wild and uninhabited coast if\\nshe had not met with him.\\nOf course, the hunter gladly undertook to guide\\nthis Swedish girl to a settlement and the two started\\noff on their long tramp. It is not at all surprising\\nthat they soon began to like each other, that it was not\\nlong before they fell in love, and that in course of\\ntime they were duly married. If she had ever thought\\nof a marriage with a high-born Swede, Elizabeth gave\\nup all such notions when she entered her hogshead,\\nand left all her proud hopes behind her.\\nThis young couple one of royal Swedish blood, the\\nother a hardy hunter of the New World settled near\\nBridgeton, and there they flourished and prosiK-rcd.\\nElizabeth lived to be ninety-five years old. She had\\nten children, and in i860 it was computed that her", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "56\\ndescendants numbered at least a thousand. That\\nany of these considered themselves better than their\\nneighbors, because it was possible that they might\\nhave a drop or two of royal blood in their veins, is\\nnot likely for but few American families would care\\nto base their claims of social superiority upon such a\\nvery diluted foundation as this. But they would have\\ngood reason to trace with pride their descent from\\nthe plucky girl who started for America in a hogs-\\nhead, and who was able to land alone and unassisted\\non the Jersey coast in a storm, and to take care of\\nherself after she got ashore.\\n4.\\n-cast^^r", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "THE STORY OF PENELOPE STOUT.\\nIX the early days of New Jersey, the Dutch settlers\\nsuffered very much from Indian hostilities. It was\\nat the time that New Amsterdam, afterwards New\\nYork, was in the possession of the Dutch, that a ship\\ncame from Holland, bringing passengers who intended\\nto settle in the new country. The ship was unfortu-\\nnately wrecked in the neighborhood of Sandy Hook\\nbut all the passengers managed to save themselves,\\nand reached the shore.\\nAmong these was a young couj:)le whose names we\\ndo not know, except that the wife s maiden name was\\nPenelope Van Princis. Her husband had been very\\nsick during the voyage and getting ashore through\\nthe surf from the wreck could not have been of any\\nbenefit to him, for, after he had reached dry land, he\\nfelt even worse than he had upon shipboard, and\\nneeded all the attention his wife could give him.\\nAlthough the passengers and crew of this vessel\\nhad reached the shore, they did not by any means\\nconsider themselves in safety for they were very\\nmuch afraid of the Indians, and desired above every-\\nthing to make what haste they could toward New\\nAmsterdam. They therefore started away as soon\\n57", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "58\\nas possible. But Penelope s husband was too sick to\\ngo any farther at that time, and his wife was too\\ngood a woman to leave her husband in that lonely\\nspot and so these two were left behind, while the\\nrest of the company started for New Amsterdam,\\npromising, however, that they would send help to the\\nunfortunate couple.\\nThe fears of these immigrants in regard to the\\nIndians were not without foundation for the main\\nparty had not long departed, when a band of red men,\\nprobably having heard in some way of the wreck of\\nthe ship, appeared upon the scene, and discovered poor\\nPenelope and her sick husband. It is unfortunately\\nthe disposition of most savages to show little pity for\\nweakness and suffering, and the fact that the poor\\nyoung man could not do them any possible harm had\\nno effect upon them, and they set upon him and killed\\nhim very much as a boy would kill a little harmless\\nsnake, for no reason whatever, e\\\\ cej:)t that he was\\nable to do it.\\nThen they determined to kill Penelope also, and,\\nattacking her with their tomahawks, they so cut and\\nwounded her that she fell down bleeding and insen-\\nsible. Having built a fire, these brave warriors cooked\\nthemselves a comfortable meal, and then ck iiarted.\\nBut Penelojie was not killed, and, coming to her\\nsenses, her instincts told her that the first thing to\\ndo was to hide herself from these bloodthirsty red\\nmen so, slowly and i)ainfullv, siie crawled away to\\nthe edge of a wood, and found there a great hollow\\ntree, into which she crept.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "59\\nThis made but narrow and doleful quarters for a\\nwounded woman, but it was preferable at that time\\nto the blue sk)- and fresh air. She did not leave the\\ntree until nightfall, and then she made her way to\\nthe place where the fire was still glimmering; and by\\ngreat care, and with what must have been painful\\nlabor, she kept this fire from going out, and so man-\\naged to get a little warmth.\\nIn this way, living in the tree the greater part of\\nthe time, and depending for food chieHy upon the\\nfungous excrescences and gum which grew on the\\noutside of it, for she was not able to go in search of\\nberries and other food, poor Penelope lived for a few\\ndays, with her dead husband on the beach, and her\\nalmost dead self in that cavern-like tree. The hours\\nmust have passed mournfully indeed to this voung\\nwoman who had set out for the New World with\\nsuch bright hopes.\\nThat she survived her terrible hardships was due\\nentirely to the existence of the danger she most\\nfeared that is, the reappearance of the Indians. On\\nthe second morning, nearly famished and very weak,\\nPenelope was making her way slowly over the ground,\\nendeavoring to find something she could eat, or a little\\ndew in the hollow of a leaf, that she might drink,\\nwhen suddenly there came out of the woods two tall\\nIndians, who, naturally enough, were much surprised\\nto find a wounded white woman there alone upon the\\nseashore.\\nPenelope gave herself up as lost. There was noth-\\ning now for her to do but to submit to her fate. It", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "6o\\nwas a pity, she thouj^ht, that she had not been slain\\nwith her husband.\\nHut the Indians did not immediately rush at her\\nwith their tomahawks they stood and talked to-\\ngether, evidently about her, with their fierce eyes\\ncontinually fixed upon her.\\nThen their conversation be-\\ncame more animated, and\\nit was soon ])lain that\\nthey were disputing. Of\\ncourse, she did not then\\nknow the cause of their\\ndifference of oj)ini()n but\\nshe found out afterwards that one\\nof them was in favor of killing her\\nupon the spot, and the other, an older\\nmm than his comj:)anion, was more\\nmercifully inclined, and wished to carry\\n/jr- her off as a prisoner to their camp.\\nAt last the older man got the\\nbetter of the other one and he,\\nbeing delermineil that the poor\\nY wounded woman should be taken\\ncare of, took her up and \\\\)\\\\\\\\X her\\non his shoulder, aiul marched away\\nwith her. That an Indian should be able to perform\\na feat like this is not at all suri)rising for when one\\nof them shoots a deer in the forest, though many of\\nthose animals are hea\\\\ier than Tenelope was, he will\\nput il on his back and carry it through the forests,\\njierhaps for miles, until he reaches his camp. And\\niX", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "6i\\nso Penelope, as if she had been a deer wounded by\\nsome other hunters, whieh these men had found, was\\ncarried to the Indian camp.\\nThere she was taken care of. Food and drink\\nwere given her. Her wounds were dressed and\\ntreated after the Indian fashion. In due course of\\ntime she recovered her health and strength, and\\nthere living in a wigwam, among the women and\\nchildren of the village, pounding corn, cooking food,\\ncarrying burdens as did the Indian women she re-\\nmained for some time, not daring even to try to\\nescape for in that wild country there was no j)lace\\nof safety to which it was possible for her to flee*.\\nAlthough there was a good deal of bad feeling\\nbetween the Indians and the w^hites at that time,\\nthey still traded and communicated with each other\\nand when, in the course of time, it became known\\nin New Amsterdam that there was a white woman\\nheld as a prisoner in this Indian camp, there was\\nevery reason to suppose that this woman was the\\nyoung wife who had been left on the scacoast by\\nthe survivors of the wreck. Consequently some of\\nthe men who had been her fellow-passengers came\\nover to the Indian camp, which was not far from\\nwhere Middletown now stands. Here, as the) had\\nexpected, they found Penelope, and demanded tliat\\nthe Indians should give her up.\\nAfter some discussion, it was agreed that the matter\\nshould be left with Penelope herself; and the old Indian\\nwho had saved her life went to her, for of course, be-\\ning an inferior, she was not present at the conference,", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "62\\nand put the question before her. Here she was,\\nwith a comfortable wigwam, plenty to eat and drink,\\ngood Indian clothes to wear, as well treated as any\\nIndian woman, and, so far as he could sec, with every-\\nthing to make her comfortable and happy and here\\nshe might stay if she chose. On the other hand, if\\nshe wished to go to New Amsterdam, she would find\\nthere no one with whom she was acquainted, except\\nthe people who had rowed away and left her on that\\ndesolate coast, and who might have come in search of\\nher a long time before if they really had cared any-\\nthing about her. If she wanted to live here among\\nfriends who had been kind to her, and be taken care\\nof, she could do so if she wanted to go away and\\nlive among people who had deserted her, and who\\nappeared to have forgotten her, she could do that.\\nVery much to the surprise of this good Indian,\\nPenelope declared that she should prefer to go and\\nlive among people of her own race and country and\\nso, nuicli to the regret of her Indian friends, she de-\\nparted for New Amsterdam with the men who had\\ncome for her.\\nA year or two after Penelo]ie had gone back to\\nNew Amsteidam, being then about twentv-two, she\\nmarried an Ivnglishman named Richard Stout, who\\nafterwards became an imjiortant personage. He, with\\nother settlers, went (ner to New Jersey and founded\\na lillle village, whicli was callcil Middlctown, not far\\nfidni the Iiuli;in camj) where Penelope had once been\\na prisoner. The Indians still remained in this camp,\\nbut now they appeared to be quite friendly to the", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "63\\nwhites and the new settlers did not consider that\\nthere w^as anything dangerous in having these red\\nneighbors. The good Indian who had been Penel-\\nope s protector, now quite an old man, was very\\nfriendly and sociable, and often used to visit Mrs.\\nStout. This friendship for the woman whom he had\\nsaved from death seemed to have been strong and\\nsincere.\\nOne day this old Indian came to the house of Mrs.\\nStout, and, seating himself in the room where she was,\\nremained for a long time pensive and silent. This\\nrather unusual conduct made Penelope fear that some-\\nthing had happened to him and she questioned him,\\nasking him why he was so silent, and why he sighed\\nso often. Then the old man spoke out and told her\\nthat he had come on a very important errand, in which\\nhe had risked his own life at the liands of his tribe;\\nbut, having saved her life once, he had determined to\\ndo it again, no matter what might hajipen to himself.\\nThen he told her that the good will of the Indians\\ntoward their white neighbors had come to an end, and\\nthat it had been determined in council that an attack\\nshould be made that night upon this little village,\\nwhen every person in it men, women, and children\\nshould be put to death, the houses burned, and the\\ncattle driven away. His brethren no longer wanted\\nwhite people living near them.\\nOf course, this news was a great shock to Penelope.\\nShe had now two little children, and she could not get\\nfar away with them and hide, as she herself had once\\nhidden from Indian foes. But the old man told her", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "64\\nthat she need not be afraid he could not save all the\\npeople in the village, but he was her friend, and he\\nhad arranged to save her and her family. At a cer-\\ntain place, which he described so she Cduld not fail\\nto find it, he had concealed a canoe and in that she\\nand her husband, with the children, could go over to\\nNew Amsterdam, and there would be plenty of time\\nfor them to get away before the Indians would attack\\nthe place. Having said this, and having urged her to\\nlose no time in getting away, the old Indian left.\\nAs soon as he had gone, Penelope sent for her\\nhusband, who was working in the fields, and told him\\nwhat she had heard, urging him to make preparations\\ninstantly to escape with her. But Mr. Stout was not\\neasily frightened by news such as this. He pooh-\\npoohed the whole story, and told his wife that the\\nnatives over there in their camp were as well dis-\\nposed and friendly as if they had been a company\\nof white settlers, and that, as these red men and the\\nwhites had lived together so long, trading with each\\nother, and visiting each other with perfect freedom,\\nthere was no reason whatever to suppose that the\\nIndians would suddenly determine to rise uj) and\\nmassacre a wiiole settlement of jx-aceable neighbors,\\nwho had never done them an\\\\ harm, and who were a\\ngreat benefit to them in the way of trading. It would\\nbe all nonsense, he said, to leave their homes, and run\\naway from Indians so exlremelv friendK and good-\\nnatured as those in the neighboring camp.\\nlUit Penelope had entirely different ideas upon the\\nsubject. She thoroughly believed in the old Indian, and", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "6s\\nwas sure that he would not have come and told her\\nthat story unless it had been true. If her husband\\nchose to stay and risk his life, she could not help it\\nbut she would not subject herself and her children to\\nthe terrible danger which\\nthreatened them. She\\nhad begged her husband\\nto go with her but as he\\nhad refused, and had re-\\nturned to his work, she\\nand her children would\\nescape alone.\\nConsequently she set\\nout with the little ones,\\nand with all haste pos-\\nsible she reached the\\nplace where the canoe\\nwas moored among some\\ntall reeds, and, getting in with the children, she pad-\\ndled away to New Amsterdam, hoping she might reach\\nthere in time to send assistance to Middletown before\\nthe Indians should attack it.\\nWhen Farmer Stout found that his wife had really\\ngone off, and had taken the children with her, he be-\\ngan to consider the matter seriously, and concluded that\\nperhaj)S there might be something in the news which\\nthe old Indian had brought. He consequently called\\ntogether a number of the men of the village, and they\\nheld a consultation, in which it was determined that it\\nwould be a wise thing to prepare themselves against\\nthe threatened attack; and, arming themselves with all\\nSTO. OK N.J. 5", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "66\\nthe guns and pistols they could get, they met together\\nin one of the houses, which was well adapted for that\\npurpose, and prepared to watch all night.\\nThey did not watch in vain, for about midnight they\\nheard from the woods that dreadful war whoop which\\nthe white settlers now well understood. They knew\\nit meant the same thing as the roar of the lion, who,\\nafter silently creeping towards his intended victim,\\nsuddenly makes the rocks echo with the sound of his\\nterrible voice, and then gives his fatal spring.\\nBut although these men might have been stricken\\nwith terror, had they heard such a war cry at a time\\nwhen they were not expecting it, and from Indians to\\nwhom they were strangers, they were not so terrified\\nat the coming of these red men with whom, perhaps\\nonly the day before, they had been trading buttons\\nfor venison and beans. They could not believe that\\nthese apparently mild and easy-going fellows could\\nreally be the terrible savages they tried to make them-\\nselves appear.\\nSo Richard Stout and his comjxanions went boldly\\nout, guns in hand, to meet the oncoming savages, and,\\ncalling a parley, they declared that they had no in-\\ntention of resting quietly, and allowing themselves and\\nfamilies to be slaughtered and their houses burned. If\\nthe Indians, who had so long been their good neigh-\\nbors, were now determined to become bloody enemies,\\nthey would find that they would have to do a good\\ndeal (it hard tighling before they couUi dcstroN- the\\nvillage of Middletown and, if they persisted in carrv-\\ning on the bloody job they had undertaken, a good", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "67\\nmany of them would be killed before that job was\\nfinished.\\nNow, it had been very seldom that Indians who had\\nstarted out to massacre whites had met with people\\nwho acted like this; and these red men in war paint\\nthought it wise to consider what had been said to\\nthem. A few of them may have had guns, but the\\nmajority were armed only with bows and tomahawks;\\nand these white men had guns and pistols, with plenty\\nof powder and ball. It would clearly be unsafe to fight\\nthem.\\nSo, after discussing the matter among themselves\\nand afterwards talking it over with the whites, the\\nIndians made up their minds, that, instead of endeav-\\noring to destroy the inhabitants of Middletown, they\\nwould shake hands with them and make a treaty of\\npeace. They then retired and on the following day\\na general conference was held, in which the whites\\nagreed to buy the lands on which they had built their\\ntown, and an alliance was made for mutual protection\\nand assistance. This compact was faithfully observed\\nas long as there were any Indians in the neighborhood,\\nand Middletown grew and flourished.\\nAmong the citizens of the place there were none\\nwho grew and flourished in a greater degree than the\\nStout family. Although Penelope bore upon her body\\nthe scars of her wounds until the day of her death,\\nit is stated, upon good authority, that she lived to be\\none hundred and ten years old; so that it is plain that\\nher constitution was not injured by the sufferings and\\nhardships of the beginning of her life in New Jersey.", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "68\\nNot only did the Stouts flourish in Middletown, but\\nsome of them went a little southward, and helped to\\nfound the town of Hopewell and here they increased\\nto such a degree that one of the early historians relates\\nthat the Baptist Church there was founded by the\\nStouts, and that for forty-one years the religious meet-\\nings were held in the houses of different members of\\nthe Stout family, while, at the time he wrote, half of\\nthe congregation of the church were still Stouts, and\\nthat, all in all, there had been at least two hundred\\nmembers of that name. So the Baptist Church in\\nHopewell, as well as all the churches in Middletown,\\nowed a great deal to the good Indian who carried poor\\nPenelope to his village, and cured her of her wounds.\\n-r^i^.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "THE SCHOOLMASTER AND THE DOCTOR.\\nOF course, it was not long after New Jersey began\\nto be settled and cultivated, before there were\\na great many boys and girls who also needed to be\\ncultivated. And if we are to judge their numbers by\\nthe families of Elizabeth, who started for the New\\nWorld in a hogshead, and of Penelope, who began\\nher life here in a hollow tree, there must have been\\nan early opportunity for the establishment of flourish-\\ning schools that is, so far as numbers of scholars\\nmake schools flourishing.\\nBut in fact it does not appear that very early at-\\ntention was given in this State to the education of\\nthe young. The first school of which we hear was\\nestablished in 1664; but it is probable that the first\\nsettlers of New Jersey were not allowed to grow up\\nto be over forty years old before they had any chance\\nof going to school, and it is likely that there were small\\nschools in various ])laces of which no historical mention\\nis made.\\nIt is admitted, however, by the historians of these\\nearly days of New Jersey, that education was not at-\\ntended to as it should have been and we read that\\nin 1693 an act was ])assed to establish schoolmasters\\n69", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "70\\nwithin the Province, for the cultivation of learning\\nand good manners for the good and benefit of man-\\nkind, which hath hitherto been much neglected in the\\nProvince.\\nThese early schools were not of a very high order\\nthe books used by younger scholars being what were\\ncalled hornbooks, which were made by pasting upon\\na board a piece of paper containing the alphabet and\\nsome lessons in spelling, and covering the whole with\\na very thin sheet of horn, which was fastened on the\\nboard as glass is fastened over a framed picture.\\nThus the children could see the letters and words\\nunder the horn, but were not able to deface or tear\\nthe paper. It was difficult to get books in those days,\\nand a hornbook would last a long time.\\nWe can get a pretty good idea of the character of\\nthe schools from an account given of the establishment\\nof the first school in Newark, where the town authori-\\nties made a contract with Mr. John Catlin to instruct\\ntheir children and serxants in as much l*2nglish, read-\\ning, writing, and arithmetic, as he could teach.\\nBut the people of New Jersey prospered well, and\\nthe Colony soon became noted as one in which there\\nwas comfort and good living and therefore it is natural\\nthat when the people realh could afford to a]i]ilv their\\ntime, thought, and money to objects higher than the\\ntillage of farms and the building of houses, they went\\nto work earnestly to gi\\\\e their Noung ])eoj )le jiroper\\no|i|)ortunilies for education, ami we tind that thev were\\ninclined to do this as earnestly and thoroughly as they\\nhad been in the habit of doin^ other thinjrs.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "71\\nIn consequence of this disposition, what is now\\nPrinceton College was founded in 1746. This institu-\\ntion was first called the College of New Jersey, and\\nwas established at Elizabethtown. It was in its early\\ndays a very small seat of learning for, when the Rev.\\nMr. Dickinson was appointed to be its president, the\\nfaculty consisted entirely of himself, and his only as-\\nsistant was an usher. There were then about twenty\\nstudents in the college.\\nIn about a year the president died and the college\\nwas then removed to Newark, where the Rev. Aaron\\nBurr, the father of the celebrated Aaron Burr, became\\nits president, and it is probable that the faculty was\\nenlarged. Ten years afterwards the college was es-\\ntablished at Princeton.\\nThe manners and customs of the college must have\\nbeen very primitive, and we will give a few of the\\nrules which were made for the students Every\\nscholar shall keep his hat off to the president about\\nten rods, and about five to the tutors. When walking\\nwith a superior, they shall give him the highest place,\\nand when first going into his company, they shall\\nshow their respects to him by first pulling off their\\nhats shall give place to him at any door or entrance\\nor meeting him going up and down stairs shall stop,\\ngiving him the bannister side and, in speaking to\\na superior, shall always give a direct and pertinent\\nanswer, concluding with Sir. Thus it is seen that\\nattention to good manners was one of the most im-\\nportant branches of study taught at the young col-\\nlege.", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "72\\nBut in certain districts of New Jersey, people seemed\\nto be very slow in perceiving the advantages of schools\\nin their midst. Schools had sprung up here and there\\nin towns and villages, many of them boarding schools\\nand to these the richer farmers would send their\\nchildren. But it took people in some rural places a\\ngood while to find out that it would be a good thing\\nto have a school in their midst.\\nA story is told of the establishment of a school of\\nthis kind in Deckertown as late as 1833. The people\\nof this village had never thought it worth while to\\nhave a school of their own and even after a gentle-\\nman of learning and abilit} who was well known in\\nthe ])lace, offered to take charge of such a school,\\nthey did not look with any favor upon the enterprise.\\nThe only place for a schoolhouse, which he was able\\nto obtain, was a very small building, consisting of one\\nroom, and situated on the outskirts of the town.\\nHere he started a school with one scholar; and even\\nthis little fellow was not a Jersey boy, but came from\\nNew York.\\nFor a considerable time this single scholar consti-\\ntuted the school, and he and the schoolmaster walked\\nback and forth from the village to the little cabin\\nevery da\\\\ wliilc tlie only interest that the towns-\\npeople seemed to take in them was shown b\\\\- their\\nlaughing at the schoolmaster, and comparing liim to\\na hen with one chicken. It must not be sujijiosed\\nthat it was because the citizens did not beliex e in\\neducation but, as they had been in the habit of send-\\ning their cliildieii awa\\\\ to school, the\\\\ thought that", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "71\\nthat was the proper thin^i;- to do, and, as there never\\nhad been a sehool in the town, they saw no reason\\nwhy there should be one then. But the school in-\\ncreased, and in less than a year it numbered twenty\\nscholars.\\nThere is a rather peculiar story told of this school\\nin its early days. It had been established about\\ntwo months, when the\\nschoolmaster happened *3[^\\nto be walkmg m r /i\u00c2\u00ab^ ^x fe^\\nthe direction of\\nthe school quite\\nlate in the even-\\ning, and to his\\namazement he\\nsaw that the\\nlittle room was brilliantly\\nlighted. Now, as he and\\nhis scholar had left it\\nin the afternoon, and he\\nhad locked the door, he\\ncould not understand the\\nstate of affairs. Hurrying to the house, he looked\\nin at the window, and saw that the room was nearly\\nfilled with well-dressed men, who were standing and\\nsitting around a table on which were s]M-ead cards\\nand money. He saw that they were a company of\\ngamblers but how they came there, and wh\\\\ they came,\\nhe could not imagine. Of course, he could not drive\\nthem out; but, after watching them for a little while,\\nhe boldly opened the door and went in among them.", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "74\\nThey were so occupied with their game, however,\\nthat they paid little attention to him and, after stand-\\ning with them for a time, he remarked to one of\\nthem that he hoped that when they had finished\\ntheir game, and were ready to go away, they would\\nleave everything behind them in as good order as\\nthey had found it, and then he himself departed and\\nwent home. But the next morning, when he and his\\nscholar came to the schoolhouse, he found every-\\nthing as they had left it on the afternoon before and\\nthis schoolmaster might have been excused if he had\\nimagined that he had dreamed that he saw the curious\\nsight of a company of gamblers in his schoolhouse.\\nBut he found out afterwards that it was no dream.\\nThere was a set of men gathered together from the\\nneighboring country, who regularly spent certain even-\\nings in gambling for high stakes. They had dis-\\ncovered that there was no better place for their\\nmeetings than the little schoolhouse, which was ten-\\nanted by two persons in the daytime and by nobody\\nat night and, as it was so far away from the other\\nhouses, it was a very convenient place for tiicir\\nsecret meetings, and they had been in the habit of\\nassembling there almost from the \\\\ery time that it\\nwas cleaned out and arranged for a schoolhouse.\\nWhen the schoolmaster found that he had devoted\\nhis energies to the establishment of a very flourish-\\ning gambling saloon, when he sujiposcd that he had\\nfounded nothing but a weak little school, he took\\nmeasures to prevent any further visits from the gen-\\ntlemen with the cards and the monev. After that,", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "the exercises in addition, subtraction, and multiplica-\\ntion, were figured out with a pencil or chalk instead\\nof being done by means of spades or diamonds.\\nIn those early days the doctor was almost as slow\\nin coming to the front as was the schoolmaster.\\nIn fact, it is said that the first doctors in New\\nJersey were women, and that the people placed such\\nfaith in their abilities, that unless a case were very\\nserious indeed, so that a physician had to be sent\\nfor from the city, they were perfectly satisfied witli\\nthe services of the women doctors. It is also stated,\\nthat in those days the people of New Jersey were\\nvery healthy. These two statements can be put to-\\ngether in different ways some may say, that, where\\npeople were so seldom sick, doctors of great ability\\nwere not needed while, on the other hand, those\\nwho have a higher opinion of womankind might well\\nbelieve, that, because women made such good doctors,\\nthe people were seldom sick.\\nIt must be remembered, however, that the mothers,\\nwives, sisters, and daughters of the people of this\\nState, were formerly looked upon as of more impor-\\ntance than they are now and among the rights\\nwhich they i)()ssessed in those early days, but of\\nwhich they have since been deprived, was the right\\nof voting. An early writer, speaking of this j)rivilege,\\nsays, The New Jersey women, however, showed\\nthemselves worthy of the respect of their countrymen\\nby generally declining to avail themselves of this\\npreposterous proof of it. It is very pleasant for us\\nto remember that New Jersey was among the first of", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "76\\nour States in which free and equal rights were given\\nto all citizens, male or female, if they chose to avail\\nthemselves of them.\\nBut when the population of Xcw Jersey so in-\\ncreased that it became plain that the women could\\nnot be i:)hvsicians, and attend at the same time to\\ntheir domestic duties, the care of their children, and\\nthe demands of society, the citizens of New Jersey\\ngave as earnest and thorough attention to their needs\\nin the way of medicine and surgery as they had\\ngiven to their needs in the way of college education\\nand the first State Medical Society in this country\\nwas founded in New Jersey in the year 1766.\\nIt is said that some of the early doctors of New\\nJersey possessed great ability, and, although there\\ncould not have been many of them at first, they\\narranged for a suitable increase in their society, and\\nnearly every one of them had one or more students.\\nA medical student in those days did not occupy\\nthe same position that he holds now. In fact, he\\nwas nothing more nor less than an aj)i)rentice to his\\nmaster. lie was bound to the doctor by a regular\\nindenture. He lived in his family, and, when he was\\nnot engaged in his studies, he was e.xjK Cted to make\\nhimself useful in xarious domestic ways, often learn-\\ning the use of the saw in the wood Nanl.\\nA very natural consetjuence of this domestic fashion\\nof |)ursuing their studies was, that, when the young\\ndoctor started out to establish a practice for liimself,\\nlie not only Iiad a certilicate or diploma from his\\nmaster, but was also provitlcd with a wife, for mar-", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "77\\nriages of medical students with the daughters of their\\npreceptors were very common.\\nWhat further outfit was furnished a student setting\\nout in practice for himself, may be imagined from\\nthe conclusion of an old indenture of apprenticeship,\\nwhich states, that when Jacobus Mubbard shall have\\nfulfilled his apprenticeship of four years and eight\\nmonths, during which he has well and faithfully\\nserved his master, his secrets kept, his lawful com-\\nmands gladly everywhere obeyed, he shall be pro-\\nvided, when he goes forth as doctor, with a new set\\nof surgeon s pocket instruments, Solomon s Dispensa-\\ntory, Quence s Dispensatory, and Fuller on Fevers.\\nIt is probable that such a very healthy country as\\nNew Jersey did not always give a doctor of a neigh-\\nborhood sufficient work to occupy his time, and there-\\nfore the early physicians used to combine other pro-\\nfessions with that of medicine and surgery. Some\\nwere lawyers, others clergymen, and many were farm-\\ners and planters. The following story is told about\\nthe Rev. Jacob Green, who lived in Hanover, and\\nwas pastor of the Presbyterian Church in that place.\\nHe had also many other callings, as may be inferred\\nfrom a letter addressed to him by a wag, and which\\nwas said not to exaggerate the truth\\nTo the Rev. Jacob Green, Preacher.\\nTeaclicr.\\nDoctor.\\nProctw.\\nMiller.\\nDistiller", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "78\\nThe necessity for this variety of occupation is\\nshown bv a letter from a gentleman named Charles\\nGordon, living near Plainfield, to his brother, Dr.\\nJohn Gordon, in England, in which he says, If you\\ndesign to come hither, you may come as a phmter or\\nmerchant but as a doctor of medicine I cannot ad-\\nvise you, for I hear of no diseases to cure but some\\nagues and some cutted legs and fingers. Other\\nphysicians gave up their professions at the beginning\\nof the Revolution, and became prominent in military\\nmatters.\\nDr. John Cochran, one of the first New Jersey\\nphysicians, was a man of wide experience and repu-\\ntation. He was surgeon in the British hospital dur-\\ning the French War, and afterward practiced medi-\\ncine in New Brunswick. During the Revolution, he\\nbecame an army surgeon. He was a friend of Wash-\\nington, and, in fact, was cpiite intimate with the com-\\nmander in chief of the American forces. It is said\\nthat when Washington was at West Point in 1779,\\nand the doctor and his fainil) were stationed at the\\n.same ])lace, Washington wrote to Dr. Cochran almost\\nthe only facetious letter which is known to have\\ncome from the pen of that grave antl dignified man.\\nThis lelU-r informs the doctor that he has invited\\nMrs. Cochran and Mrs. Livingston to dine with him\\nthe next day, and says that the table is large enough\\nfor the ladies, and then proceeds to tell how it is\\ncovered. Since our arrival at this hapjiy spot, we\\nha\\\\e had a ham, sometimes a shoulder of bacon, to\\ngrace the head of the table; a piece of roast beef", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "79\\nadorns the foot, and a dish of beans or greens,\\nahnost imperceptible, decorates the center. When\\nthe cook has a mind to cut a figure, which I pre-\\nsume will be the case to-morrow, we hav^c two beef-\\nsteak pies, or dishes of crabs, in addition, one on\\neach side of the center dish, dividing the space, and\\nreducing the distance between dish and dish to about\\nsix feet, which without them would be twelve feet\\napart. Of late, he has had the surprising sagacity\\nto discover that apples will make pies, and it is a\\nquestion if in the violence of his efforts we do not\\nget one of apples instead of having both of beef-\\nsteak. If the ladies can j)ut up with such entertain-\\nment, and will submit to partake of it on plates once\\ntin, now iron (not become so by scouring), I shall be\\nhappy to see them.\\nThe fact that the early jihvsicians of New Jersey\\nwere very skillful, and j)atients in that healthful coun-\\ntry very scarce, seems to have had the effect of\\nmaking some physicians of that day e.xtremel} sharp\\nabout business matters. A certain doctor of Rahway\\nhad been called upon to visit a rich man who was in\\ngreat pain and distress. The doctor having adminis-\\ntered some medicine, the patient very s[)eedily recov-\\nered. Some time after this, the doctor determined to\\nleave Rahway; and the rich man who had been at-\\ntended by him with such gratifying results began to\\nbe afraid that he might be taken sick again in the\\nsame way. So he went to the doctor, and rec| nested\\nthat before he left, he would give him the prescription\\nwhich had seemed to suit his case so admirably.", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "8o\\nDoctors seldom approve of their patients taking\\ntheir treatment into their own hands but, after a little\\nconsideration, he said he would furnish the prescrip-\\ntion, but that it would cost ten dollars. This quite\\nastonished the rich man, and at first he refused to\\npay such a high price but, after considering that it\\nmight save him many visits from the new doctor who\\nshould come to Rahway, he agreed to pay the price\\ndemanded, and the ])rescription was written, and de-\\nlivered to him. When he reached his home, he\\nthought he would try to make out what this prescrip-\\ntion was but when he opened the paper, he found\\nnothing but the word catnii). It is not likely that\\nhe ever again tried to take advantage of the medical\\nprofession.\\nBut it was not always Jersey doctors whose wit\\nshone brightest in a financial transaction. There was\\na doctor in the town of Rocky Hill who was sent for\\nto attend a j:)Oor old man who was suffering with a\\npiece of bone sticking in his throat. The doctor went\\ninunediately to the old man s house, and it was not\\nlong before the bone was out. As the doctor was\\npacking uji his instruments, the old fellow, whose\\nname was William, incjuired how much he would\\nhave to pay; and the doctor re] lied that for an ojier-\\nation of that sort his charge was five dollars. This\\nquite astoni..hec! William, who probably had not five\\ncents in the house but he wished to pay his debts,\\nand not to be considered a pr mer patient, and so he\\nasked the doctor if he might come to his house and\\nwork out the bill. The doctor replied that that would", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "be entirely satisfactory to him, and that WilHam might\\ncome the next day and work in the j;arden.\\nThe next day old William went to the doctor s\\nhouse. All day he faithfully dug and hoed and\\nraked. Toward the end of the afternoon the doctor\\ncame into the garden, and, after informing William\\nthat he might come again, he casually asked him\\nhow much he charged for a day s work. William\\nstood up and promi:)tly answered, that for a day s\\nlabor in the garden his charge was five dollars. Now\\nwas the doctor surprised.\\nYou don t mean, he exclaimed, that you are\\ngoing to ask five dollars for one day s labor!\\nThat is exactly my price, said William.\\nIf two minutes yanking with a pair of\\npincers at a little bone is worth five dol-\\nlars, then one day s hard labor in\\ntilling the ground is worth just as\\nmuch.\\nIt often happens that\\ndoctors are men of wit and\\nhumor and it is recorded\\nthat a New Jersey physi-\\ncian, named Dr. Hole, was\\nthe author of the first ver-\\nsion of a tombstone ei:)itaph\\nwhich afterwards became\\nwidely known and used.\\nThe lines of Dr. Ho1 /e\\ncut u|)()n a tombstone of a\\nchild, and run as follows:\\nSTO. OF N.J. 6", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "82\\nA dropsy sore lung time I bore\\nForsitions were in vain\\nTill God above did hear my moan,\\nAnd eased me of my pain.\\nThat some of those early doctors were honest is\\nproved by a doctor s bill which is now preserved in\\nthe New Jersey Historical Society. At the end of\\nthis bill, after all the different items of service and\\nmedicine had been chari;cd upon it, there is this\\nentry: Contrary credit by Medsons brouL;ht back.\\nIt would be difficult now to find a doctor in New-\\nJersey, or anywhere else, who would be willing to\\ntake l)ack, and allow credit for, all partly filled bottles\\nof medicine, and boxes of pills, the contents of which\\nhad been ordered, but not entirely used.\\ne-", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "TH K SLAVI^:S/ OF N KW J I:RSEY.\\nX^ ~N\\nJ\\nWK have so long looked\\nupon New Jersey as\\nprominent among what were\\ncalled the free States of\\nthe Union, that it now\\nseems strange when we\\nconsider, that among the\\nfirst of the institutions\\nestablished upon its soil by\\nthe early settlers, was the\\nsystem of slavery. This was the case not\\nonly in New Jersey, but in all the Amer-\\nican Colonies. The settlers of New England, as\\nwell as those of the Southern Colonies, used negro\\nslaves as laborers on their farms and the trade in\\nnative Africans was a very important branch of in-\\ndustry.\\nThe Duke of York, to whom his brother, Charles II.,", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "84\\nhad made a grant of extensive American possessions,\\nwas at the head of the African Company, formed\\nfor the purpose of bringing slaves from Africa, and\\nselling them. The Dutch were then the great rivals\\nof the Englisli in this trade and the Duke of\\nYork was very glad to possess New Jersey and the\\nrest of his grant, for then he could not only oust\\nthe Dutch from the territory, but could possess\\nhimself of this very desirable and profitable slave\\nmarket.\\nBut it was not only the English and Dutch who\\nbrought negro slaves to America, for it is stated that\\nthe earliest Swedish settlers brought slaves with them\\nas laborers. So we may say that slavery and free-\\ndom were planted together in this country of ours\\none to be pulled ujj afterward like a weed, the other\\nto be left to grow and flourish.\\nWhen Berkeley and Carteret acquired authority\\nover New Jersey, they did everything that they could\\nto induce settlers to come to the new country and,\\nas they were anxious to h:uc the lands opened up\\nand cultivated as rapidly as j^ossible, they encouraged\\nimmigrants to bring as many slaves as they could\\nafford. The) offered one hundred and fiftv acres to\\nevery one who would settle, and another one hun-\\ndred and fifty acres for every full-grown able-bodied\\nmale slave, and seventy-five acres each for those not\\ngrown up. Afterwards, when slaves became more\\nnumerous, the bounties given on their account were\\ndiminished, and in course of lime they ceased alto-\\nLfether.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "85\\nA great many slaves must have been brought direct\\nfrom Africa to New Jersey, for at Perth Amboy\\nthere was established what was then called a bar-\\nracks and in this, negroes who had\\nbeen brought in the slave ships\\nwere confined until they were sold\\nand sent out into the country.\\nNot only were there negro slaves\\nin the State, but there were also\\nIndians who had been enslaved, and\\nwere regularly sold and bought.\\nHow these red men happened to be\\nslaves, we do not certainly know\\nbut we may be very sure that the\\nwhites did not make war upon In-\\ndian tribes, and capture prisoners,\\nfor the purpose of making slaves of\\nthem. It is far more likely, that,\\nwhen one tribe of Indians made\\nwar upon another, the conquerors\\ntound it a ver) profitable thing\\nto sell their jirisoners to the whites. There is no\\nreason to suppose, however, that the natives made\\nwar on purpose to capture and sell their fellow-\\nC(nmtrymen, as was the case in Africa.\\nThe early records, however, prove that there were\\nIndian slaves. When the House of Representatives\\nfor the Province met at Burlington in 1704, an act\\nwas brought before that body for the regulating of\\nIndian and negro slaves.\\nNejiroes were then considered to be such legiti-", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "86\\nmate articles of merchandise that luii^lish sovereij^ns\\nthought it very necessary to see to it that their loyal\\nsettlers were sufficiently supplied with slaves, and at\\nprices not too high. When Queen Anne sent out\\nLord Cornbury as governor of the Province, she\\nrecommended the Royal African Company to the\\nespecial attention of the goA^ernor, that New Jersey\\nmight have a constant and sufficient supply of mer-\\nchantable negroes at moderate rates in money or\\ncommodities. In consequence of the fostering care\\nof the Proprietors and the English sovereigns, slaves\\nrapidly increased in New Jersey.\\nThe I Lnglish themselves were not at all averse to\\nthe ownership of a good ser\\\\iceable slave; and about\\nthe middle of the eighteenth century a young gentle-\\nman in England wrote to his father in New Jersey,\\nbegging that he might be favored with a young\\nnegro boy to jircsent to the brother of the then\\nDuke of Grafton, to whom he was under obliga-\\ntions, as a ])resent of that kind would be \\\\-ery accei:)t-\\nable.\\nOf course, the existence of slavery made the state\\nof society in New Jersey and the other Colonies\\nvery different from what it is now and this differ-\\nence is strongly shown bv the advertisements of run-\\naway negroes, which we can fuul in some oUl news-\\npapers. It seems \\\\erv strange to see in a Hoston\\npaper of one hundred \\\\ears ago a jncture of a\\nblack man running awa\\\\ with a bag over his shoul-\\nder, and under the picture the stiitenu-nt of the re-\\nward whicli Would be gi\\\\en for his cai)ture ami in", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "87\\nthe New Jersey papers there were frequent adver-\\ntisements of runaway slaves and of negroes for sale.\\nOne of these, published in Burlington two years after\\nthe Colony had declared itself free and independent,\\nreads as follows\\nTo BE Sold For no fault but a saucy tongue for which\\nhe is now in Burlington jail A negro man about 39 years of\\nage. He is a compleat farmer, honest and sober. For further\\nparticulars enquire of the subscriber in Evesham, Burlington Co.\\nFeb. 4, 1778.\\nWhen Washington was in Morristown in 1777, one\\nof his aids wTOtc a letter to a friend in Elizabeth-\\ntown, which states,\\nThe General will esteem it as a singular favor if you can appre-\\nhend a mulatto girl, servant and slave of Mrs. Washington, who\\neloped from this place yesterday, with what design cannot be con-\\njectured, though as she may intend to the enemy and pass your way\\nI trouble you with the description her name is Charlotte but in all\\nprobability will change it, yet may be discovered by question. She\\nis light complected, about thirteen years of age, pert, dressed in\\nbrown cloth wescoat and petticoat. Your falling upon some method\\nof recovering her should she be near you will accommodate Mrs.\\nWashington and lay her under great obligations to you being the\\nonly female servant she brought from home and intending to be\\noff to-day had she not been missing. A gentle reward will be given\\nto any soldier or other who shall take her up.\\nI am with respect your most obedient servant\\nAfter a time, negro slaves became so i)lenlirul mi\\nNew Jersey, that laws were passed restricting their\\nim])ortation, and a considerable ta.x was laid upon eacli\\nAfrican brought into the country.", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "88\\nBut the negroes were not the only slaves in New\\nJersey during those early days. Here, as well as in\\nmany of the other Colonies, was a class of white peo-\\nple, generally from I^ngland, who were called re-\\ndemptioners. These were poor people, although often\\npersons of fairly good station and education, who de-\\nsired to emigrate to America, but who could not afford\\nto pay their passage.\\nA regular system was then established, by which a\\npoor person desiring to settle in New Jersey would\\nbe brought over free. When one of these emigrants\\ntook passage on a ship, he signed a contract which\\ngave the captain of the vessel the right to sell him, as\\nsoon as he arrived in America, for enough money to\\npay his passage. This white man was thus bought,\\nwhen he reached New Jersey, exactly as if he had been\\na negro slave and he was subject to the same rules as\\nthose which governed other slaves. Of course, he was\\nmade the subject of great imposition for the captain\\nwould naturally desire to get as large a sum of money\\nas possible for each redemj^tioner, and therefore would\\nbe perfectly willing to sell him for a long term.\\nThe j5eoj)le who owned redemptioners could sell\\nthem again if they chose and it often hapjiened that\\nsome of them passed into the jiossession of several\\nfamilies before they finally served out the term for\\nwhich they had been sold. All sorts of people be-\\ncame re(k ni])tioners, mechanics, laborers, ami even\\nprofessional men. Among the ])eople who sokl them-\\nselves into limited slavery there weie schoolmasters,\\nand it is stated that at one time the supply of redemp-", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "89\\ntioncr schoolmasters was so great that they became\\na drug in the market.\\nIn the days before there were many regular schools\\nin New Jersey, much of the education must have been\\ncarried on by what we now call private tutors and a\\nschoolmaster who could be bought as if he had been\\na horse or a cow was often a very convenient piece\\nof property. If a family should own a teacher who\\nwas able only to instruct small children, it would be\\nvery easy, when these children grew older and able to\\nundertake more advanced studies, to sell this i)rimary\\nteacher to some family where there were young pujiils,\\nand buy one capable of teaching higher branches.\\nIt is said that these redemptioners were often treated", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "90\\nmuch more harshly and cruelly than the negro slaves,\\nand any one who assisted one of them to escape was\\nseverely punished. There was good reason for this\\ndifference in the treatment of the two classes of slaves\\nfor a negro was the property of his master as long\\nas he lived, and it was manifestly the interest of the\\nowner to keep his slave in good condition. Rut the\\nredemptioner could only be held for a certain time,\\nand, if his master was not a good man, he would be\\napt to get out of him all the work that he could during\\nthe time of his service, and to give him no more food\\nor clothing than was absolutely necessary.\\nAfter a time there were laws made to protect the\\nredemptioners. One of these was, that any person\\nsold after he was seventeen years old could not serve\\nfor more than four years; and another provided, that,\\nwhen a redemptioner s time of service had expired, his\\nmaster should give him two good suits of clothing,\\nsuitable for a servant, one good a.x, one good hoe,\\nand seven bushels of Indian corn.\\nlUit although ihc redemptioner sometimes fared very\\nbadly in the new country, it often happened that he\\ncame out very well in the end. Among the white\\npeople who came here as slaves theix were often con-\\nvicts and paupers; but even some of these succeeded\\nin bettering their condition and establishing themselves\\nas good citizens, and in founding families.\\nIt often hap]H ned that some of the (jcrmans who\\ncame to buv land and settle, cliose ratlier to put away\\ntheir money, and sell themselves as redemj^tioners to\\nEnglish families, so that they might learn the Knglish", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "91\\nlani;-uage and manner of living. Then, when they had\\neducated themselves in this practical manner, and their\\ntime of service was over, they could buy land, and\\nestablish themselves on terms of equality with their\\nEnglish neighbors.\\nBut the trade in redemptioners gradually decreased\\nand by the middle of the eighteenth century there\\nwere not many of them left in New Jersey, although\\nthere were a few in the State until after the Revolu-\\ntion. Negro slavery, however, continued much longer.\\nIt grew and flourished until it became a part of the\\nNew Jersey social system but it must not be sup-\\nposed that all the people of the State continued to\\nbe satisfied with this condition of things.\\nAt first everybody who could afford it owned slaves,\\nand the Friends or Quakers bought negroes the same\\nas other people did but about the end of the seven-\\nteenth century some of these Quakers began to think\\nthat property in human beings was not a righteous\\nthing, and the Quakers of New Jersey united with\\nthose of Pennsylvania in an agreement recommend-\\ning to the members of the Society of Friends that\\nthey should no longer employ negro slaves, or, if they\\nthought it best to continue to do this, that they should\\nat least cease to import them.\\nA strong party among the Quakers of New Jersey\\nopposed slavery for many years, and the system was\\ndenounced at some of their yearly meetings and this\\nwent on until about the middle of the ne.xt century,\\nwhen a law was made that no person owning slaves\\nshould continue in the Soeiel\\\\ of Friends.", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "As years passed on, people other than Quakers\\nbegan to consider slavery an injustice and an evil\\nand this feeling gradually increased, until in the be-\\nginning of the nineteenth century it became -very\\nstrong, and in 1820 an act was passed by the Legis-\\nlature for the emancipation of the slaves. They were\\nnot set free all at once, and turned into the world to\\ntake care of themselves but a system of gradual\\nemancipation was adopted, by which the young people\\nobtained their freedom when they came of age, while\\nthe masters were obliged to take care of the old negroes\\nas long as they lived. By this plan, slavery was very\\ngradually abolished in New Jersey, so that in 1840\\nthere were still six lunidred and sevcnt\\\\ -f()ur slaves\\nin the State; and even in i860 eighteen slaves re-\\nmained, and these must have been very old.\\n^v.-\\n^^\u00e2\u0080\u00a25^ -i^\\n^a\\nm", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "A JERSEY TEA PARTY.\\nAT the time when the Anieriean colonists began\\nto be restless under the rule of Great Britain,\\nthe people of New Jersey showed as strong a desire\\nfor independence as those of any other Colony, and\\nthey were by no means backward in submitting to\\nan\\\\ j)rivations which might be necessary in order to\\nassert their principles. As has been said before, the\\npeople were prosperous, and accustomed to good living,\\nand it was not likely that there was any part of\\nAmerica in which a cup of well-flavored tea was better\\nappreciated than in New Jersey.\\nBut when the other colonists determined to resist\\nunjust ta.xation, and resolved that they would not use\\ntea, on which a heavy tax was laid without allowing\\nthe American people to have anything to say about\\nit, the patriotic people of New Jersey resolved that\\nthey too would use no tea so long as this unjust ta.x\\nwas placed upon it. When the tea was destroyed in\\nBoston Harbor, the Jersey patriots applauded the act,\\nand would have been glad to show in the same way\\nwhat they thought upon the subject.\\nIkit when tea was shijiped from England, it was\\nsent to the great ports of Boston, New York, Phila-\\n93", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "94\\ndclphia, and Charloston and what was used in New\\nJersey came from these places after the consignees\\nhad pa\\\\d the tax. However, to show their sympathy\\nwith the efforts which were being made at the sca-\\nj)orts to -prevent the landing of tea, the Xew Jersev\\nl^eople, that is, those who belonged to the Whig partv.\\nwhich was the patriotic party, and opjjosed to the\\nTories, who favored England, formed an associa-\\ntion, the members o( which bound themselves to buv\\nor use no tea until the tax should he removed.\\nThere is a story told of Hugh iJrum of Somerset\\nCounty, who was so thoroughl\\\\- in earnest on this\\nsubject, and who probably supposed that the weak\\nlittle Colonics would always have to submit to the\\npower of Great Britain, that he took an oath that\\nnever again during the rest of his life would he take\\na cup of tea; and although he lived a great man\\\\\\nyears afterward, during which the Americans im-\\nported their own tea without regard to what anv\\nother country thought about it. Mr. Drum never\\nagain di ank tea.\\nBut at last an opportunity came for ]-)atriotic Jer-\\nseymcn to show that they were not behind the other\\ncolonists in resisting the attempt of Great Britain to\\nforce u|ion them this taxed tea.\\nNearly a year after llie tea had been thrown over-\\nboard in l^oston Harbor, a vessel from ICngland\\nloaded with tea, and bound to Philadeljihia put into\\nCohansey reek, a small sti eam which iims into Dela-\\nware Bay, and anchored at the little town of Greenwich.\\nThis vessel, called the Greyhound, was afraid to go", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "95\\nup to Philadelphia, because from that j^ort tea ships\\nwere sent back to England as soon as they arrived,\\nas was also the case in New York. So the captain\\nof the Greyhound thought it would be a good plan\\nto land his tea at Greenwich, from which place it\\ncould be taken inland to its destination. Here the\\ncargo was unloaded, and stored in the cellar of a\\nhouse opposite the open market place.\\nThis business of forcing tea upon the American\\ncolonists had become a very serious matter to Eng-\\nland for the East India Company had now in their\\nwarehouses at London seventeen million ]:)ounds of\\ntea, and, if there should be no sale for any of this\\nin the American market, the loss would be very severe.\\nConsequently every possible method was resorted to,\\nin order to have the tea landed on American soil it\\nbeing believed, that, if the tea once got into the hands\\nof the dealers, the people would overcome their iM cju-\\ndices to its importation, and l:)cgin to use it again.\\nTherefore the captain of the Greyhound thought\\nhe was doing a very sharp thing when he sailed up\\nCohansey Creek and unloaded his tea. That cargo\\nwas landed, and in those days an English captain of\\na tea ship might well be proud of having performed\\nsuch a feat.\\nBut it is not likely that the captain of the Gre\\\\\\nhound had ever before sailed into a port of New\\nJersey, large or small, or had anything to do with\\nJerseymen for if he had, he would not have been\\nso well satisfied with the result of Lhe voyage.\\nThe j)eo]:)le of Greenwich could not jirevent the", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "96\\nlanding of the tea, for there was no or^^anized force\\nat the place, nor could they order the (ireyhound to\\nturn round and go back to England but they would\\nnot allow their town to be made use of as a port of\\nentry for this obnoxious merchandise, simi)ly because\\nit was a little town, and could not keep English ships\\nout of its waters. A meeting of the patriotic citizens\\nwas held, and it was resolved that no tea should go\\nout of Greenwich to comfort the bodies and contami-\\nnate the principles of people in any part of the Colo-\\nnies; and they would show their Britisli tyrants that\\nit was just as unsafe to send tea into Cohansey\\nCreek as it was to send it into the harbor of Bos-\\nton.\\nHaving come to this determination, they went im-\\nmediately to work. A party of young men, about\\nforty in number, was organized and in order to dis-\\nguise themselves, or strike terrcM- into anybody who\\nmight be inclined to ojipose their undertaking, they\\nwere all dressed as Indians. They assembled in the\\nmarket place, and then, making a rush to the house\\nin which the tea was stored, they broke oj^en the\\ndoors, carried out the tea, split o|)en the boxes in\\nwliicli it was contained, and made a great pile of it\\nin an open space near by.\\nWhen tea is dry and in good condition, it will burn\\nverv well, and it was not many minutes before there\\nwas a magniticent bonfire near the market place in\\nGreenwich and in all that town there was not one\\nman who dared to attempt to jnit it out. Thus the\\ncargo of llie (lies hounti went up in smoke to the", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "97\\nsky. It must have been a \\\\-ery hard thing for the\\ngood ladies of the town to sit in their houses and\\nsniff the delightful odor, which recalled to their\\nminds the cherished beverage, of which, })erhaps,\\nthey might never again partake. But they were Jer-\\nseywomen, of stout hearts and firm principles, and\\nthere is no record that any one of them uttered a\\nword of complaint.\\nBut in every community there is at least one per-\\nson in whose mind there is a little streak of the\\nAnanias nature, and there was a man of that kind\\nin Greenwich. His name was Stacks, and he was a\\ngreat lover of tea; moreover, he had a soul disposed\\nto economy and thrift. Consequently it was very\\nhard for him to stand by and see all that tea wasted;\\nand he thought it would be no harm as he was\\nnot a merchant, and did not intend to e.xercise evil\\ninfluences upon the people of America by inducing\\nthem to buy tea if he appropriated to himself a\\nlittle of this most desirable herb, which was to be\\nburned and wasted before his very eyes.\\nWhenever he had a chance, he slipped a little tea\\ninto some part cf his clothes where he thought it\\nwould not be noticed, and so gradually loaded himself\\nwith a considerable stock of the herb. In fact, he\\nstowed away so many handfuls of it, that, when the\\nfire was over, his companions noticed that he had con-\\nsiderably increased in size and it was not long before\\nhis trick was discovered. We do not hear that he\\nwas compelled to empty out the tea, but we are told\\nthat ever after he went by the name of Tea Stacks.\\niTO. OF N.I. 7", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "98\\nThis tea bonfire created a great stir, and although\\nthe patriotic party approved it, there were a great\\nmany Tories in the country who\\ncondemned it as a piece of\\noutrageous violence and wanton\\nwaste. This latter opinion was\\nso freely expressed, that the\\nEnglish owners of the cargo\\nwere encouraged to take legal\\nsteps against the men who de-\\nstroyed the tea. It was easy\\nenough to do this for the young\\nfellows who had made the bon-\\nfire were very proud of what\\nthey had done, and, instead of\\ndenying their connection with the\\nburning of the tea, were always\\nvery ready to boast of it.\\nWhen it was understood that\\nthe tea burners were to be prose-\\ncuted, all the Whigs of the surrounding\\ncountry determined to stand b\\\\ them and\\nthey subscribed a large sum of money\\nto engage lawyers to defend their case.\\nThe strength of the popular feeling\\nwas shown by the fact, that, when the\\ncase was brought to court, the grand\\njury positively refused to bring a bill\\nagainst these young men, although the judge insisted\\nthat they should do so. The matter was thus post-\\nponed and as it was not long before the Colonies\\nTea Slacks.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "99\\nbroke out into open rebellion, and a period followed\\nwhen Englishmen no longer brought suits in American\\ncourts, there was no further action in regard to the\\ntea burning at Greenwich.\\nTherefore, unless Mr. Stacks contrived to keep some\\nof the tea which he carried off in his clothes, the\\ngood people of the neighborhood, if they drank tea\\nat all, made it of the dried leaves of raspberries, or\\nthose of some other bush, which have something of\\na tea taste, and were thus enabled to have a hot\\nbeverage with their evening meal, with but a little\\nstrain upon their imaginations, and none at all on their\\nconsciences.\\nIn other neighborhoods, however, there were people\\nwho, although they were patriots and inclined to sup-\\nport the cause of American liberty, could not see how\\nsuch a little tiling as drinking a cup of tea, if they\\nhappened to have it, could interfere with their regard\\nand respect for the great principle of justice and\\nindependence.\\nOf course, it was to be supposed that the Tories,\\nwho were opposed to this nonsense about independ-\\nence, were glad to buy tea and to drink it whenever\\nthey got the chance but it was expected that those\\nwho called themselves Whigs and patriots would\\nstand by their party, and discountenance tea drinking.\\nThere is a story told of a man who lived in Bridge-\\ntown, who was a member of one of the Committees\\nof Safety which were formed for the purpose of\\npromoting the cause of American liberty. It was\\nfound out that this man and his family were in the", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "lOO\\nhabit of drinking East India tea; and when his fellow-\\ncommitteemen asked him in regard to this matter, he\\nboldly admitted that they all liked tea, that they drank\\ntea, and that they intended to drink tea.\\nThis was a very serious matter, and the committee\\nsaw that it was necessary to take vigorous measures\\nin regard to this peculiar case. At finst they tried\\nthe force of argument but all they could say to the\\nman amounted to nothing. He had i)rinciples, and\\nwhat he considered very good principles; but he liked\\ntea, and, having it in the house, he saw no harm in\\ndrinking it. So the teapot was on his table every day.\\nNow, his fellow-committeemen held another meeting,\\nand formally resolved that this unpatriotic patriot\\nshould be punished in a way which would make a\\npowerful impression on him, and which would show\\nthe whole community how the Committee of Safety\\nintended to stand tirm in the jiosition they had taken\\nin resisting unjust legislation. It was resolved, that,\\nso long as he and his family drank tea, the patriots\\nof the neighborhood would have nothing to do with\\nhim, they would not deal with him, nor would they\\nassociate with him or his. This was an early instance\\nin America of what is known now as boycotting.\\nIt was a vcTN iKird thing to be shut out from all\\ndealing and connection with his friends antl fellow-\\ncitizens, and it was not long before the tea drinker\\nmade up his mind that the society and friendship of\\nhis neighbors was better even than the highest flavored\\ncup of tea; and so he formally acknowledged his error,\\nbegged the pardon of the committee, and pronn sed that", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "Tor\\nthereafter he would act in accordance with their rules\\nand regulations; and his family teapot was put away\\nupon a high top shelf.\\nBut the time came, in a very few years, when the\\nAmerican people attended to their own taxation, and\\nwhen this teapot, wdth all the others in the country,\\ncould be taken down and freely used without interfer-\\nence with law or conscience.", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "THE STORY OF A SPY.\\nWHEN a nation goes to war with another, it is\\noften necessary for the armies on each side\\nto leave behind some of the high and noble princi-\\nples which may have governed them at home. Of\\ncourse, war is bloody and cruel, and it almost always\\nhappens that the officers and soldiers are obliged to\\ndescend also to meanness and duplicity in order to\\nsucceed in their campaigns.\\nOne strong reason for this is the necessity for the\\nemployment of spies. It is always desirable for the\\ncommander of an army to know as far as possible\\nthe condition of the enemy s force, and what he is\\ndoing or intends to do. Consequently it is a com-\\nmon thing to send spies into the enemy s ranks and\\nthe better those spies can deceive the soldiers of the\\nother side, the more valuable will be their rejiort, if they\\nare fortunate enough to get back into llicir own camp.\\nSometimes a spy will sneak into the enemy s lines,\\nand make his observations in concealment and salety\\nbut the most valuable spies are those which enter an\\nenemy s cam]) pretending svmi)alliy and fricndshi]). .V\\nman who can do this well can tind out a great deal.\\nIn everv army a spy from the other side is re-", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "I03\\ngarded as the worst of enemies, and if captured, his\\npunishment is death. An impartial outsider might\\nobject to this severity, when it is considered that the\\narmy which punishes the spy may, at the same time,\\nhave spies of its own among the enemy. During\\nthe Revolution, Major Andre was executed because\\nhe came into the American lines as a spy, and at\\nthe same time General Washington was very glad to\\nget a good spy to send into a British camp.\\nThere was a man named John Honcyman, who\\nacted with great success in this capacity on the\\npatriotic side during the Revolution. Honeyman was\\na Scotch-Irishman, and was said to be a remarkably\\nfine looking man. He was tall, strong, extremely\\nactive, and had a fine military bearing. He had no\\ndesire to become a soldier but he was forced into\\nthe British army, and came to this country in 1758,\\nwhen Abercrombie came over to attack the French\\nin Canada. Young Colonel Wolfe, who was after-\\nwards the famous General Wolfe who fell at Quebec,\\nhad command of this army, and on the ship in which\\nhe sailed was John Honeyman.\\nMilitary men are not as sure-footed as sailors on\\nboard a ship, which may be rolling and tossing on\\nrough waters; and one day, as Colonel Wolfe was\\ncoming into the cabin, he tripped and fell when he\\nwas halfway down the companion waN and would\\nprobably have broken his neck, if it had not been\\nthat Honeyman happened to be at the bottom of the\\nsteps, and caught the colonel in his arms, thus saving\\nhim from injury.", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "104\\nIt is very satisfactory for a full-grown man, espe-\\ncially one whose profession exposes him to accidents\\nof variDUS kinds, to be able to take into his service\\nanother man who is tall enough and strong enough\\nto pick him up and carry him if it is necessary, and\\nwho is also quick-witted enough to know when he\\nshould interpose himself in case of danger.\\nHoneyman s conduct on this occasion made an im-\\npression on Colonel Wolfe and when afterwards he\\nwas made general, he took the tall soldier into his\\nbodyguard, and made him understand that, in times\\nwhen danger might be apprehended, he was to be\\nas near him as his duties would j^ermit.\\nWhen the great attack was made upon Quebec,\\nHoneyman was one of the men who helped row the\\nboat which carried Wolfe over the river; and during\\nthis passage a cannon ball from the enemy struck\\nan officer sitting very near Honeyman, and took off\\nhis head. Had this happened to Honeyman, it would\\nhave been a bad thing for New Jersey.\\nWhen they reached the opposite side, Honeyman\\nclimbed the Heights of Abraham side by side with\\nhis brave commander and when, in the battle which\\nfollowed, Wolfe was killed, it was Honeyman who\\nbore him off the field. Thus the first ami the last\\nservice which lifis strong man rendered to liis military\\nchief were very much the same.\\nAbout a year after this the war ended, and Honey-\\nman received an honorable discharge. He carried\\nwith him the good will and commendation of his offi-\\ncers, but he also took something which he valued", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "I05\\nmore than these. While he was with General Wolfe,\\nthat officer had given him letters expressing his good\\nopinion of him, and these afterwards proved of great\\nservice.\\nHone} man went southward, and lived for some\\nyears in the American Colonies. He finally settled\\nin Philadelphia, where he married. When the Revo-\\nlution broke out, his sympathies were entirely with\\nthe American side, but he did not immediately enlist\\nin the American army. WHien Washington came to\\nPhiladelphia, Honeyman was very anxious to see\\nhim and consult with him. It was difficult for a\\nman in the ordinary walks of life to obtain an inter-\\nview with the commander in chief but Honeyman\\nsent in the letters which General Wolfe had given\\nhim, and, after having read these, Washington was\\nvery ready to see the man of whom that general\\nhad such a high opinion. W^ashington soon dis-\\ncovered that Honeyman was a man of peculiar\\nability, and he had several interviews with him,\\nalthough it is not known what was said at these\\ntimes.\\nBefore very long, Honeyman took his family to\\nGriggstown, in Somerset County, New Jerse\\\\-, and\\nthere he hired a house and settled. From this ])lace\\nhe went to Fort Lee, when Washington came into\\nNew Jersey with his army, and had an interview with\\nthe general and here, it is said, he made a regular\\ncontract with the commander in chief to become a spy\\non the American side.\\nThere were a good man^\u00e2\u0080\u00a2 Tories in the State, and.", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "io6\\nas Honcyman had once been a British soldier, it was\\neasy enough for him to make believe that he was a\\nTory, and so make friends with the Redcoats when he\\nshould have an opportunity.\\nThe plan concocted between Washington and Honey-\\nman was very carefully worked out in all its details.\\nHoncyman was to let it be known that he was a Tory,\\nand as soon as he thought it proper he was to leave\\nhis family and join the British. It was considered\\nthat the best thing he could do would be to engage\\nin business as a butcher, and then, when he went\\nover to the British, he could go about the country\\nin search of cattle, and thus get a good idea of what\\nwas going on.\\nHe was to stay with the enemy until he discovered\\nsomething important, and then he was to arrange mat-\\nters so that he should, ai)parently without knowing it,\\nwander near the American lines, where he would be\\ncaptured. It is said that Washington arranged, that,\\nas soon as he should hear that Honcyman had gone\\nover to the enemy, he would offer a reward for his\\narrest but this reward would be paid only in case the\\nsupposed traitor should be carried alive and unhurt\\nto him. All this i:)lanning was necessary, because there\\nwas so much communication between the Tories and\\nWhigs at that lime, that, if it had been known on the\\nAmerican side that Honcyman had gone over as a\\nspv, the fact would soon have been communicated to\\nthe British.\\nHoncyman went over to the enemy, and started busi-\\nness as a butcher for the armv, and, after having gone", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "I07\\na good deal about the country looking for cattle, he\\ncame to New Brunswick with the British army. No-\\nbody had suspected that he was not a perfectly honest\\nTory, and he had been paying great attention to the\\ncondition of the British army, and to finding out every-\\nthing which might be of use if reported to Washing-\\nton. Among other things, he discovered that the\\nBritish forces then occupying Trenton were not under\\na strict state of discipline. It was winter the weather\\nwas cold apparently there was not much for them to\\ndo and discipline was in a rather lax state. Honeyman\\nwell understood the habits of the Redcoats, and he\\nknew that during the holidays the soldiers would live\\nin even a more free and easy manner than they were\\nliving then.\\nNot only did he make himself well acquainted with\\nthe condition of the army, but he carefully studied\\nthe town of Trenton and its neighborhood, and, going\\nabout in every direction after cows and oxen, he learned\\nthe roads so well that he could make a very good map\\nof them. bLverything that could be of service to the\\nAmerican cause was jotted down in Honeyman s re-\\ntentive memory and when he had fOund out every-\\nthing that he could find out, he thought it was fully\\ntime that he should accfuaint Washington with the state\\nof affairs in the enemy s lines.\\nHe knew that there were American i)ickels on the\\nJersey side, some distance away and he started out\\nin this direction as a greasy butcher, with a rope in\\none hand and a long whip in the other, looking for\\nall the world like John Honeyman the Tory cattle-", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "io8\\nman, who, if he knew what was good lor him, would\\nbetter keep out of sight of the soldiers of the Amer-\\nican army. He walked a long distance down the river,\\nand, though he may have seen cattle, he paid no atten-\\ntion to them. His present object was not to capture\\nanything and take it away, but to be captured\\nand taken away. j) After a time he saw at a\\ndistance what he had \\\\x been looking for. Behind\\nsome bushes,\\nbut still quite\\nplain to the eye\\nof this prac-\\nticed soldier,\\nwere two ca\\\\--\\nalrymen dis-\\nmounted, and\\nH o n c y m a n\\nknew that they\\nwere Ameri-\\ncans. He con-\\ntinued to walk\\ntowards them\\nuntil he came\\nclose to the spot where the two soldiers were standing.\\nThe moment their eyes fell upon him, thev recog-\\nnized iiim, and shouted to him to halt; but Honey-\\nman was too good an actor to tlo that, if he wished\\nto carry on the business in IkuuI. he nuist keep up\\nhis character as a Tory, and so hu took to his long\\nlegs and lan like a deer. Hut the men jum]ied on\\ntheir horses and were after him in a moment and as\\nv\\\\^. A,\u00e2\u0080\u0094", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "109\\nhorses legs are a i^odd deal better than human \\\\c^s,\\nno matter how lont; they may be, the fl\\\\ing buteher\\nwas soon overtaken. l^ut even then he did not sur-\\nrender, but so laid about him with his whip that he\\nkept the two men at bay. Of course, if thev had\\nnot known him, they would have shot him down but\\nas Washington had issued a proclamation concerning\\nhim, and had especially insisted that he should be\\nbrought in alive, they did not wish to injure him.\\nBut the unequal fight did not continue long, and\\nHoneyman was soon captured. The soldiers bound\\nhis arms, and, mounting him behind one of them, so\\ncarried him across the river to Washington s cam]).\\nWhen Honeyman was brought into the presence\\nof the commander in chief, he i)retended to be very\\nmuch frightened and he would have been excusable\\nif he had been really frightened, for in that little\\nperformance of his he had run a great manv risks.\\nAfter asking a few questions of this j^retended traitor\\nW^ashington told the guards to withdraw, and he had\\na private conference which lasted oxei half an hour;\\nand in that time it is probable that tliese two men\\ndid a great deal of talking. The information given\\nwas most valuable, and such as could have been fur-\\nnished only by a man of e.\\\\traordinar\\\\ powers of\\nobservation.\\nWhen he had kept Honeyman as long as was\\nnecessary, Washington called the guards, and told\\nthem to take tiie prisoner to a log cabin which was\\nused as a militarv jail, and there to watch him care-\\nfullv durinir tb.e niu:ht, and in the morning he would", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "I lO\\nbe tried by court-martial. Honeyman was taken to\\nthe prison, which had but one window and one door,\\nand supper was given to him. lie was locked in,\\nand two sentinels went on guard outside the walls of\\nthe log house.\\nIn the middle of the night these men saw a fire\\nburning not far from headquarters, and, fearing that\\nit might prove dangerous to allow it to burn, they\\nthought it their duty to run and put it out. This\\nthey did, and returned to the log house, where every-\\nthing looked the same as they had left it. But in\\nthe morning, when they opened the door, there was\\nno prisoner inside.\\nIt is said that the whole plan of this escape, prob-\\nably by means of the window, was arranged by\\nWashington himself, but of this we are not certain.\\nWe know, however, that Washington looked upon\\nHoneyman as one of the most valuable men in the\\nemploy of the army, and that he would take every\\nmeans to prevent him from coming to harm on ac-\\ncount of this service.\\nIt was in consequence of the information iIkiI\\nHoneyman, at the cost of such great risk and danger,\\nhad br(Hight to Washington, that three days afterwards\\nthe Americans crossed the Delaware, attacked Tren-\\nton, routed the British, and thus gained one of the\\ngreatest and most important victories of the Revolu-\\ntion. If it had been John Honeyman, instead of the\\nl^ritish officer, who was struck by a cannon Ixill\\ncrossing the .St. Lawrence, it is likelv that Washing-\\nton would not liave dared to attack the British army", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "II I\\nin Trenton, which, before his half hour s conversation\\nwith his spy, was believed to be entirely too strong\\nto be meddled with by the Continental soldiers on\\nthe other side of the river.\\nBut the report which Honeyman had made to\\nWashington was not the only service which he did\\nto the American cause. Having left his peace prin-\\nciples at home, as he was bound to do if he wanted\\nto act as a truly serviceable spy, he had more work\\nbefore him. As soon as he got out of the log house,\\nhe ran from the camp, and, although he was fired at\\nby a sentinel, he got safely away. He crossed the\\nriver on the ice whenever there was any, and when\\nhe came to open water, he jumped in and swam, and\\nso he got safely over into the British lines.\\nThere, wet and shivering, he demanded to be taken\\nto the commander and to him he told the dreadful\\nstory of how he had been captured by the American\\nsoldiers while he was looking for beef cattle, and\\nhow he had been taken to headquarters, questioned,\\nand afterwards shut up in jirison, to be shot in the\\nmorning, and how he had quietly escaped and come\\nback to his friends. Colonel Rahl, who was in com-\\nmand of the British, was delighted to get hold of\\ntliis Tory butcher who had been taken prisoner by\\nthe Continentals, and he put him through a course\\nof examination about the condition of the enemy.\\nOf course, it was to the benefit of the Americans\\nthat the British should think their army as small and\\nas weak as possible and so Honeyman gave an\\naccount of the wretched condition of the American", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "112\\nsoldiers, how few they were, how badly they were\\narmed, how miserably they were officered, and how\\nthey were half starved and discouraged. He told\\nthis story so well, that he made the colonel laugh,\\nand declare that there was no reason to apprehend\\nany danger from such a pack of ragamuffins as\\nwere collected together under Washington, and\\nthat, if any])ody wished to keep\\nChristmas in a jolly way in\\nhis camp, there was no rea-\\nson why he should not do so.\\nWhen lloneyman had\\nfinished telling his tales,\\none to one army and an-\\nother to the other, he\\nknew that it would\\nbe better for him to\\nget out of the neigh-\\nborhood. He was\\nquite sure that Wash-\\nington would take Trenton,\\nand. it he should be founil in\\nthat eilv when it was captured, it\\nmight be hard for even the connnander in ehiel to\\n])revent him from being shot. So he hastened away\\nto take refuge with the l^ritish in New l^runswick.\\nHonevman had made himself so conspicuous in\\nthat part of the country as a Tory who was working\\nas hard as he could for the benefit of the l^ritish by\\nsni)plying them with beef, that all news about him\\nwas received with great interest. It was not long", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "113\\nbefore this story of how he had been captured bv\\nthe American pickets, and afterwards escaped from\\nthe log prison, became generally known and the\\npeople of Griggstown, where his wife and family\\nlived, were greatly excited, believing that lloneyman\\nhad come there, and had concealed himself in his\\nhouse. A mob collected in the neighborhood late\\none night, surrounded the house, and woke up the\\nfamily with shouts and banging on the door. Mrs.\\nHoneyman appeared, nearly frightened to death and\\nsome of the ringleaders told her that they knew\\nthat her Tory husband had come back, and was con-\\ncealed inside and they vowed, that, if he did not\\ncome out and deliver himself up, they would burn\\nthe house and everything in it.\\nShe declared that he was not there, and that it\\nhad been a long time since she had seen him. But\\nthis was of no use. They persisted that he was\\ninside, and that, if he did not come out very quickly,\\nthey would set fire to the house. It was of no use\\nto reason with an e.xcited mnl), and, although Mrs.\\nHoneyman said that they might come in and search\\nthe house for her husband, they would not listen to\\nher. Perhaps one reason of this was, that Honeyman\\nwas a dangerous man to look for, inside of his own\\nhouse and in dark rooms. Mrs. Honeyman saw that\\nshe must act quickly, or her home would be lost to her.\\nShe ran inside, and soon appeared with a i)aper,\\nwhich she gave to a man in the crowd with whom\\nshe was acquainted, and asked him to read it so that\\nevery one could hear.\\nSTO. OF .\\\\.J. 8", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "114\\nIt was not to be supposed that Mrs. Honey man\\npossessed a private riot act, which might be read in\\norder to disperse a disorderly assembly but even the\\nmost disorderly people arc generally possessed of\\ngreat curiosity in regard to anything out of the com-\\nmon, and they consented to put off the bonfire a few\\nminutes, and hear what was to be read. What the\\nangry crowd heard was as follows\\nAmerican Camp, New Jersey, 1776.\\nTo the good people of New Jersey, and all others whom it may\\nconcern It is hereby ordered that the wife and children of John\\nHoneyman of Griggstown, the notorious Tor_v, now within the\\nBritish lines and probably acting the part of a spy, shall be, and\\nare hereby protected from all harm and annoyance from every\\nquarter until further orders. But this furnishes no protection to\\nHoneyman himself.\\nGeo. Washington,\\nCom. -in-Chief.\\nThis paper, which it is said Washington not only\\nsigned, but wrote with his own hand, had been given\\nto Honeyman some time before, and he sent it to\\nhis wife in order that it might protect her in case\\nof danger such as now threatened her. It was\\nthought very likely that the people of Griggstown\\nwould become so incensed against the Tory butcher,\\nthat they might offer harm to his wife and famil\\\\-\\nand Washington was, no doubt, glad to gi\\\\e what\\nprotection he could to the home of the man who,\\nno matter how much he might have deceived other\\npeople, was ahva\\\\s true to liim and to the American\\ncause.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "115\\nWhen the crowd heard the communication from the\\ncommander in chief of the American army, ordering\\nthem to refrain from violence to Mrs. Honeyman and\\nher family, they could not understand why it had been\\nwritten but they understood very well wliat it com-\\nmanded, and so, grumbling a good deal, but not dar-\\ning to disobey, they dispersed, and left the wife of\\nthe spy in peace.\\nThis paper, of course, was cherished as a great prize\\nby the Honeyman family, and remained in their pos-\\nsession for many years and it was indeed an heir-\\nloom worth preserving. But. although it proved a\\nsafeguard for Mrs. Honeyman, it did not remove the\\nprejudices against her husband, and for a long time\\nafter that it would have been a very unwise thing for\\nTory Honeyman to come to Griggstown. Of course,\\nit would have been an easy thing for Washington to\\nhave publicly exonerated Honeyman from all charges\\nof treason and Toryism, but this would not have served\\nhis purpose. There was still need of a competent spy\\nin the l?ritish lines; and there Honeyman remained\\nduring the rest of the war, always ready to give\\ninformation to the commander whenever he could\\nobtain it.\\nWhen peace was proclaimed, Washington did not\\nforget Honeyman, and he himself told the story of\\nhow this brave man became a Tory butcher for the\\nsake of American independence, and of the great\\nservices he had rendered to the cause. Then, of\\ncourse, Honeyman went home to his wife and famil)\\nand the people of Griggstown received him as if he", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "Ii6\\nhad been a great hero. And in fact, looking at the\\nmatter from a war point of view, he deserved all\\nthe honors they could give him, for without his aid\\nthe battle of Trenton could never have been won and\\nin fact he was more useful in that engagement than if\\nhe had been a regiment of soldiers.\\nHoneyman was no doubt a great man in Griggs-\\ntown. The people who had once threatened to burn\\ndown his house could not do enough for him. Those\\nwho once would not speak to his wife when they met\\nher, now implored her to let them know what they\\ncould do for her, and it was not long before the popu-\\nlarity of the family increased to a wonderful degree.\\nSeveral officers of rank who had heard of what\\nHoneyman had done, came to sec and talk with him\\nand, more than that, Washington himself came to\\nGriggstown, antl paid a \\\\isit to his former spy. Such\\nan honor was enough to make the once denounced\\nTory butcher the leading citizen of the town. Honey-\\nman now became a prosperous man, and bought a\\nlarge farm and reared a family of seven children, who\\ngrew up and prospered ami their descendants are now\\nscattered all over the State. He himself lived to the\\ngood old age of ninety-five, and died respected and\\nhniKiird l)y all, never thought of as a sjiy, but only\\nas a patriotic hero.\\nIt would apjiear, from the stories of those early\\ndays, that whenever a man or woman acted a good\\nj)art, and was truly of service to New Jerse\\\\ he or\\nshe alwavs lived to be \\\\ery old, and left behind a\\nvast muul)er of descendants.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "A MAN WHO COVETED WASHINGTON S\\nSHOES.\\nTHE person whose story we are now about to tell\\nwas not a Jerseyman but, as most of the inci-\\ndents which make him interesting to us occurred in\\nthis State, we will give him the benefit of a few\\nyears residence here.\\nThis was General Charles Lee, who might well\\nhave been called a soldier of fortune. He was born\\nin luigland, but the British Isles were entirely too\\nsmall to satisfy his wild ambitions and his roving\\ndisposition. There are few heroes of romance who\\nhave had such a wide and varied experience, and who\\nhave engaged in so many strange cnterjM ises. He\\nwas a brave man and very able, but he had a fault\\nwhich prevented him from being a high-class soldier;\\nand that fault was, that he could not bear restraint,\\nand was always restive under command of another, and,\\nwhile always ready to tell other people what they\\nought to do, was never willing to be told what he\\nought to do.\\nHe joined the British army when he was a young\\nman; and he first came to this country in 1757, when\\nGeneral Abercrombie brought over an army to fight\\n117", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "ii8\\nthe French. For three years, Lee was engaged in the\\nwilds and forests, doing battle with the Indians and\\nthe French, and no doubt he had all the adventures\\nan ordinary person would desire. But this experience\\nwas far from satisfactory.\\nWhen he left America, he went to Portugal with\\nanother British army, and there he fought the Span-\\nish with as much impetuosity as he had fought the\\nFrench and Indians.\\n\u00e2\u0082\u00ac^t^^^^^^^^^^^ absolutely taste-\\n^:^P-^V ^^}^/A A//J---^ ess to Lee without a\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0^^A.: *yy /.i.^u^^\\\\L. 1 jd* -^r _- very Strong sprinkle\\nof variety. Conse-\\nquently he now tried\\nfighting in an entirely\\ndifferent field, and went\\ninto politics. He be-\\ncame a Liberal, and with\\nhis voice fought the\\ngovernment for whom\\nhe had been previously\\nfighting with his sword.\\nBut a few years of this satisfied him and then he\\nwent to Poland, where he became a member of the\\nking s staff, and as a Polish officer disported himself\\nfor two years.\\nIt is very likely that in Turkey a high-spirited man\\nwould find more opjiortunities for lively adventure\\nthan even in Poland. At any rate, Charles Lee\\nthought so aiid to riirkc) he went, and entered into\\nthe service of the Sultan. Here he distimiuished", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "119\\nhimself in a company of Turks who were guarding a\\ngreat treasure in its transportation from Moldavia to\\nConstantinople. No doubt he wore a turban and baggy\\ntrousers, and carried a great scimiter, for a man of\\nthat sort is not likely to do things by halves when he\\ndocs them at all.\\nHaving had such peculiar experiences in various\\narmies and various parts of the world, Lee thought\\nhimself qualified to occupy a position of rank in the\\nBritish army, and, coming back to England, he en-\\ndeavored to obtain military promotion. But the gov-\\nernment there did not seem to think he had learned\\nenough in Poland and Turkey to enable him to take\\nprecedence of English officers accustomed to command\\nEnglish troops, and it declined to put him above such\\nofficers, and to give him the place he desired. Lee was\\nnot a man of mild temper. He became very angry at\\nthe treatment he received, and, abandoning his native\\ncountry again, he went to Russia, where the Czar\\ngave him the command of a company of wild Cossacks.\\nBut he did not remain long with the Cossacks. Per-\\nhaps they were not wild and daring enough to suit his\\nfancy, although there are very few fancies which would\\nnot be satisfied with the reckless and furious demeanor\\ngenerally attributed to these savage horsemen.\\nHe threw up his command and went to Hungary,\\nand there he did some fighting in an entirely differ-\\nent fashion. Not having any opportunity to distinguish\\nhimself upon a battlefield, he engaged in a duel and\\nof course, as he was acting the part of a hero of\\nromance, he killed his man.", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "I20\\nHungary was not a suitable residence for him after\\nthe duel, and he went back to England, and there he\\nfound the country in a state of excitement in regard\\nto the American Colonies. Now, if there was any-\\nthing that Lee liked, it was a state of excitement,\\nand in the midst of this political hubbub he felt as\\nmuch at home as if he had been charging the ranks\\nof an enemy. Of course, he took part against the\\ngovernment, for, as far as we know, he had always\\nbeen against it, and he became a violent supporter of\\nthe rights of the colonists.\\nHe was so much in earnest in this matter, that in\\n1773 he came to America to see for himself how\\nmatters stood. When he got over here, he became\\nmore strongly in favor of the colonists than he had\\nbeen at home, and everywhere proclaimed that the\\nAmericans were right in resisting the unjust taxation\\nclaims of Great Britain. As he had always been\\nready to lay aside his British birthright and become\\nsome sort of a foreigner, he now determined to be-\\ncome an American and to show that he was in ear-\\nnest, he went down to Virginia and bought a farm\\nthere.\\nLee soon became ac(|uaintccl with i)eoi)le in high\\nplaces in American politics and when tlic ilrst Con-\\ngress assembled, he was ready to talk with its mem-\\nbers, urging them to stand up for their rights, and\\ndraw their swords and load their guns in defense of\\nindependence. It was (|uito natural, that, when the\\nRevolution really began, a man who was so strongly\\nin favor of the patriots, and had had so much military", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "121\\nexperience in so many different lands, should be al-\\nlowed to take part in the war, and Charles Lee was\\nappointed major general.\\nThis was a high military position, much higher, in\\nfact, than he could ever have obtained in his own coun-\\ntry, but it did not satisfy him. The position he\\nwanted was that of commander in chief of the Ameri-\\ncan army and he was surprised and angry that it\\nwas not offered to him, and that a man of his ability\\nshould be passed over, and that high place given to\\na person like George Washington, who knew but little\\nof war, and had no idea whatever how the thing was\\ndone in Portugal, Poland, Russia, and Turkey, and who\\nwas, in fact, no more than a country gentleman.\\nAll this showed that these Americans were fools,\\nwho did not understand their best interests. But as\\nthere was a good chance for a fight, and, in fact, a\\ngood many fights, and as a major-generalship was not\\nto be sneered at, he accepted it, and resigned the com-\\nmission which he held in the English army.\\nHe was doubtless in earnest in his desire to assist\\nthe Americans to obtain their independence, for he\\nwas always in earnest when he was doing anything\\nthat he was inclined to do. But he did not propose\\nto sacrifice his own interests to the cause he had\\nundertaken and as, by entering the American army,\\nhe risked the loss of his estate in England, he arranged\\nwith Congress for compensation for such loss.\\nBut, although General Lee was now a very ardent\\nAmerican soldier, he could not forgive Mr. Washing-\\nton for taking command above him. If that Virginia", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "122\\ngentleman had had the courtesy and good sense which\\nwere generally attributed to him, he would have re-\\nsigned the supreme command, and, modestly stepping\\naside, would have asked General Lee to accept it. At\\nleast, that was the opinion of General Charles Lee.\\nAs this high and mighty soldier was so unwilling\\nto submit to the orders of incompetent people, he\\nnever liked to be under the direct command of Wash-\\nington, and, if it were possible to do so, he managed\\nto be concerned in operations not under the immediate\\neye of the commander in chief. In fact, he was very\\njealous indeed of Washington, and did not hesitate to\\nexpress his opinion about him whenever he had a\\nchance.\\nThe American army was not very successful in Long\\nIsland, and there was a time when it fared very badly\\nin New Jersey; and Lee was not slow to declare that\\nthese misfortunes were owing entirely to the ignorance\\nof the man who was in command. Moreover, if there\\nwas any one who wanted to know if there was another\\nman in the Colonies who could command the army\\nbetter, and lead it more certainly and speedily to\\nvictory. General Lee was always ready to mention an\\nexperienced soldier who would be able to perform that\\nduty most admirably.\\nIf it had not been for this unfortunate and jealous\\ndisposition, Charles Lee a very different man from\\nLight Morse Harry Lee would have been one\\nof the most useful officers in the American army.\\nBut he had such a jealousy of Washington, and hoped\\nso continually that something would happen which", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "123\\nwould give him the place then occupied by the Vir-\\nginia country gentleman, that, although he was at\\nheart an honest patriot^^ he allowed himself to do\\nthings which were not at all patriotic. He wanted to\\nsee the Americans successful in the country, but he\\ndid not want to see all that happen under the leader-\\nship of Washington and if he could put an obstacle\\nin the way of that incompetent person, he would do\\nit, and be glad to see him stumble over it.\\nIji the winter of 1776, when the American army\\nwas making its way across New Jersey, towards the\\nDelaware River, with Cornwallis in pursuit, Washing-\\nton was anxiously looking for the troops, under the\\ncommand of General Lee, who had been ordered to\\ncome to his assistance and if ever assistance was\\nneeded, it was needed then. But Lee liked to do his\\nown ordering, and, instead of hurrying to help Wash-\\nington, he thought it would be a great deal better to\\ndo something on his own account and so he endeav-\\nored to get into the rear of Cornwallis s army, think-\\ning, that, if he should attack the enemy in that way,\\nhe might possibly win a startling victory, which would\\ncover him with glory, and show how much better a\\nsoldier he was than that poor Washington who was\\nretreating across the country, instead of boldl} turn-\\ning and showing fight.\\nIf Lee had been a true soldier, and had consci-\\nentiously obeyed the commands of his superior, he\\nwould have joined Washington and his army without\\ndelay, and a short time afterward would have had\\nan opportunity of taking part in the battle of Tren-", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "124\\nton, in which the Virginia country gentleman de-\\nfeated the British, and gained one of the most impor-\\ntant victories of the war.\\nLee pressed slowly onward ready to strike a\\ngreat blow for himself, and unwilling to help any-\\nbody else strike a blow until he came to Morris-\\ntown; and, after staying there one night, he pro-\\nceeded in the direction of Basking Ridge, a pretty\\nvillage not far away. Lee left his army at Bernards-\\nville, which was then known as Vealtown, and rode\\non to Basking Ridge, accompanied only by a small\\nguard. There he took lodgings at an inn, and made\\nhimself comfortable. The next morning he did not\\ngo and i)ut himself at the head of his army and\\nmove on, because there were various affairs which\\noccupied his attention.\\nSeveral of his guard wished to speak to him, some\\nof them being men from Connecticut, who appeared\\nbefore him in full-bottomed wigs, showing plainly\\nthat they considered themselves people who were\\nimportant enough to have ihcir complaints attended\\nto. One of them wanted his horse shod, another\\nasked for some money on account of his pay, and a\\nthird had something to say about rations. But Gen-\\neral Lee cut them all off very shortly with, Vou\\nwant a great deal, but you have not mentioned what\\nyou want most. You want to go home, and I should\\nbe glad to let you g(\\\\ for you are no good here.\\nThen his adjutant general asked to see him; and he\\nhad a visit from a Major Wilkinson, who arrived that\\nmorning with a letter from General Gates.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "125\\nAll these things occupied him very much, and he\\ndid not sit down to breakfast till ten o clock. Shortly\\nafter they had finished their meal, and Lee was\\nwriting a letter to General (jates, in which he ex-\\npressed a very contemptible opinion of General Wash-\\nington, Major Wilkinson saw, at the end of the lane\\nwhich led from the house down to the main road, a\\nparty of British cavalry, who dashed round the cor-\\nner toward the house. The major immediately called\\nout to General Lee that the Redcoats were coming\\nbut Lee, who was a man not to be frightened by\\nsudden reports, finished signing the letter, and then\\njumped uji to see what was the matter.\\nBy this time the dragoons had surrounded the\\nhouse and when he perceived this, General Lee\\nnaturally wanted to know where the guards were, and\\nwhy they did not fire on these fellows. Ikit there\\nwas no firing, and apparently there were no guards\\nand when Wilkinson went to look for them, he found\\ntheir arms in the room which had been their quar-\\nters, but the men were gone. These private soldiers\\nhad evidently been quite as free and easy, and as\\nbent upon making themselves comfortable, as had\\nbeen the general, and they had had no thought that\\nsuch a thing as a l^ritish soldier was anywhere in\\nthe neighborhood. W hen Wilkinson looked out of\\nthe door, he saw the guards running in every direc-\\ntion, with dragoons chasing them.\\nWhat all this meant, nobody knew at first; and\\nWilkinson supposed that it was merely a band of\\nmarauders of the British arm\\\\ who were making a", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "126\\nraid into the country to get what they could in the\\nway of plunder. It was not long before this was\\nfound to be a great mistake for the officer in com-\\nmand of the dragoons called from the outside, and\\ndemanded that General Lee should surrender himself,\\nand that, if he did not do so in five minutes, the\\nhouse would be set on fire.\\nNow, it was plain to everybody that the British\\nhad heard of the leisurely advance of this American\\ngeneral, and that he had left his command and come\\nto Basking Ridge to take his ease at an inn, and so\\nthey had sent a detachment to capture him. Soon\\nthe women of the house came to General Lee, and\\nurged him to hide himself under a feather bed.\\nThey declared that they would cover him up so that\\nnobody w^ould suspect that he was in the bed then\\nthey would tell the soldiers that he was not there,\\nand that they might come and search the house if\\nthey chose.\\nBut although Lee was a jealous man and a hasty\\nman, he had a soul above such behavior as this, and\\nwould not hide himself in a feather bed but. as there\\nwas no honorable way of escape, he boldl} came for-\\nward and surrendered himself.\\nThe l^ritisli gave him no time to make any prepa-\\nrations for departure. They tliil not ki^.cnv Init tliat\\nhis army might be on the way to Basking Ridge;\\nand the sooner the\\\\- were off, the better. So they\\nmade him jump on Major Wilkinson s horse, which\\nwas tied bv the door; and in his slippers and dress-\\ning gown, and without a hat, this bold soldier of wide", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "12/\\nexperience, who thought he should be commander\\nin chief of the American army, was hurried away at\\nfull gallop. He was taken to New York, where he\\nwas put into prison. It is said that Lee plotted against\\nAmerica during his imprisonment but General Wash-\\nington did not know that, and used every exertion to\\nhave him exchanged, so that his aspiring rival soon\\nagain joined the American army.\\ntSj^ v\\nU^^\\nBut his misfortune had no good effect upon Gen-\\neral Charles Lee, who came back to his command with\\nas high an opinion of himself, and as low an opinion\\nof certain other people, as he had had when he in-\\nvoluntarily left it. It was some time after this, at\\nthe battle of Monmouth Court House, that Charles\\nLcj showed what sort of a man he really was. He\\nhad now become so jealous that he j^ositivel} deter-", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "128\\nmined that he would not obey orders, and would act\\nas he thought best. He had command of a body of\\ntroops numbering five thousand, a good-sized army\\nfor those days, and he was ordered to advance to\\nMonmouth Court House and attack the enemy who\\nwere there, while Washington, with another force,\\nwould hasten to his assistance as rapidly as possible.\\nWashington carried out his part of the plan but\\nwhen he had nearly reached Monmouth, he found, to\\nhis amazement, that Lee had gone there, but had done\\nno fighting at all, and w^as now actually retreating, and\\ncoming in his direction. As it would be demoralizing\\nin the highest degree to his own command, if Lee s\\narmed forces in full retreat should come upon them,\\nWashington hurried forward to prevent anything of\\nthe sort, and soon met Lee. When the latter was asked\\nwhat was the meaning of this strange proceeding, he\\ncould give no good reason, except that he thought\\nit better not to risk an engagement at that time.\\nThen the Virginia country gentleman blazed out at\\nthe soldier of fortune, and it is said that no one ever\\nheard George Washington speak to any other man as\\nhe spoke to General Lee on that day. He was told to\\ngo back to his command and to obey orders, and to-\\ngether the American forces moved on. In the battle\\nwhich followed, the enemy was rejiulsed but the\\nvictory was not so complete as it should have been,\\nfor the British departed in the night and went where\\nthey intended to go, without being cut off by the\\nAmerican army, as would have been the case if Lee\\nhad obeyed the orders which were given him.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "129\\nGeneral Lee was very angry at the charges which\\nWashington had made against him, and demanded that\\nhe should be tried by court-martial. His wish was\\ngranted. He was tried, and found guilty of every\\ncharge made against him, and in consequence was\\nsuspended from the army for one year.\\nBut Charles Lee never went back into the Ameri-\\ncan army. Perhaps he had had enough of it. In any\\nevent, it had had enough of him; and seven years after-\\nwards, when he died of a fever, his ambition to stand\\nin Washington s shoes died with him. While he lived\\non his Virginia farm, he was as impetuous and eccen-\\ntric as when he had been in the army, and he must\\nhave been a very unpleasant neighbor. In fact, the\\npeople there thought he was crazy. This opinion was\\nnot changed when his will was read, for in that\\ndocument he said,\\nI desire most earnestly that I may not be buried\\nin any church or churchyard, or within a mile of\\nany Presbyterian or Anabaptist meetinghouse for\\nsince I have resided in this country I have kejit so\\nmuch bad company when living, that I do not choose\\nto continue it when dead.", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "THE MAN IN THE AUGER HOLE.\\nWHEN we consider the American Revolution, we\\nare apt to think of it as a great war in which\\nall the inhabitants of the Colonies rose up against Great\\nBritain, determined, no matter what might be the hard-\\nships and i)rivations, no matter what the cost in blood\\nand money, to achieve their independence and the right\\nto govern themselves.\\nBut this was not the case. A great majority of the\\npeople of the Colonies were ardently in favor of inde-\\npendence but there were also a great many people,\\nand we have no right to say that some of them were\\nnot very good people, who were as well satisfied that\\ntheir coinitry should be a colony of Great Ihitain as\\nthe Canadians are now satisfied with that state of\\nthings, and who were earnestly and honestly opposed\\nto any separation from the mother country.\\nThis difference of opinion was the cause of great\\ntrouble and bloodshed among the colonists themselves,\\nand the contests between the Tories and the Whigs\\nwere nowhere more bittei- than in New Jersey. In\\ns;)me parts of the Colonv, families were di\\\\itled against\\nthemselves and not only did this result in quarrels and\\nsej)arati()ns, but fathers and sons, and brothers and", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "131\\nbrothers, fought against each other. At one time the\\nTories, or, as they came to be called, refugees, were\\nin such numbers that they took possession of the town\\nof Freehold, and hold it for more than a week and\\nwhen at last the town was retaken by the patriotic\\nforces, most of them being neighbors and friends of\\nthe refugees, several prominent Tories were hanged,\\nand many others sent to prison.\\nThe feeling between the Americans of the two dif-\\nferent parties was more violent than that between the\\npatriots and the British troops, and before long it\\nbecame entirely unsafe for any Tory to remain in his\\nown home in New Jersey. Many of them went to\\nNew York, where the patriotic feeling was not so\\nstrong at that time, and there thjy formed themselves\\ninto a regular military company called the Associated\\nLoyalists; and this comi)any was commanded by\\nWilliam Temjile Franklin, son of the great Benjamin\\nFranklin, who had been apj)ointed governor of New\\nJersey by the I^rilish rown. He was now regarded\\nwith great hatred by the patriots of New- Jersey, be-\\ncause he was a strong Tory. This difference of opinion\\nbetween William I^ ranklin and his father was the most\\nnoted instance of this state of feeling which occurred\\nin those days.\\nIt will be interesting to look upon this great contest\\nfrom a different point of view than that from which\\nwe arc accustomed to regard it and some extracts from\\nthe journal of a New Jersey lady who was a decided\\nTory, will give us an idea of the feeling and condition\\nof the people who were opposed to the Revolution.", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "132\\nThis ladv was Mrs. Marfrarct Hill Morris, who Hved\\nin l^urHngton. She was a Quaker lady, and must have\\nbeen a person of considerable wealth for she had pur-\\nchased the house on Green Bank, one of the prettiest\\nparts of Burlington, overlooking the river, in which\\nGovernor Franklin had formerly resided. This was a\\nfine house, and contained the room which afterwards\\nbecame celebrated under the name of the Auger\\nHole. This had been built, for what reason is not\\nknown, as a place of concealment. It was a small room,\\nentirely dark, but said to be otherwise quite comforta-\\nble, which could be approached only through a linen\\ncloset. In order to get at it, the linen had to be taken\\nfrom the shelves, the shelves drawn out, and a small\\ndoor opened at the back of the closet, quite low down,\\nso that the dark room could only be entered by stooping.\\nIn this auger hole, Mrs. Morris, who was a strong\\nTory, but a very good woman, had concealed a refugee\\nwho at the time was sought for by the adherents of\\nthe patriotic side, and who probably would have had\\na hard time of it if he had been caught, for he was\\na person of considerable importance.\\nThe name of the refugee was Jonathan Odell, and\\nhe was rector of St. Marv s Church in Burlington.\\nHe was a learned man, being a doctor as well as a\\nclergyman, and a verv strong Torv. He had been\\nof much service to the people of Burlington for when\\nthe Hessians had attacked the town, he had come\\nforward and interceded with their commander, and\\nhad done his work so well that the soldiers were tor-\\nbiddon to piUage the town. But when the Hessians", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "^33\\nleft, the American authorities began a vigorous search\\nfor Tories and Parson Odell was obliged to conceal\\nhimself in good Mrs. Morris s auger hole.\\nMrs. .Morris was apparently a widow who lived\\nalone with her two boys, and, having this refugee in\\nher house, she was naturally very nervous about the\\nmovements of the American troops and the actions\\nof her neighbors of the opposite party.\\nShe kept a journal of the things that happened\\nabout her in those eventful days, and from this we\\nwill give some extracts. It mu.st be understood that\\nin writing her journal, the people designated as the\\nenemy were the soldiers under Washington, and\\nthat gondolas were American gunboats.\\nFrom the 13th to the i6th we had various reports of the ad-\\nvancing and retiring of the enemy i)arties of armed men rudely\\nentered the town and diligent search was made for tories. Some of\\nthe gondola gentry broke into and pillaged Rd Smith s house on\\nthe bank. About noon this day [16th] a very terrible account of\\nthousands coming into the town, and now actually to be seen on\\nGallows Hill: my incautious son cauglit up the spyglass, and was\\nrunning towards the mill to look at them. I told him it would be\\nliable to misconstruction.\\nThe journal states that the boy went out with the\\nspyglass, but could get no good i)lace from which he\\ncould see Gallows Hill, or any troops upon it, and\\nso went down to the river, and thought he would take\\na view of the l)oats in which were the American\\ntroops. He rested his spyglass on the low limb of\\na tree, and willi a boyish curiosity inspected the\\nvarious boats of the little fleet, not suspecting that\\nany one would object to such a harmless proceeding", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "134\\nBut the people on the boats saw him, and did object\\nvery much and the consequence was, that, not lonf:^\\nafter he reached his mother s house, a small boat\\nfrom one of the vessels came to shore. A party of\\nmen went to the front door of the house in which\\nthey had seen the boy enter, and began loudly to\\nknock upon it. Poor Mrs. Morris was half fright-\\nened to death, and she made as much delay as pos-\\nsible in order to compose her features and act as if\\nshe had never heard of a refugee w^ho wished to hide\\nhimself from his pursuers. In the mild manner in\\nwhich Quaker women are always supposed to speak,\\nshe asked them what they wanted. Thjy quickly told\\nher that they had heard that there was a refugee, to\\nwhom they applied some very strong language, who was\\nhiding somewhere about here, and that they had sj.mi\\nhim spying at them with a glass from behind a tree,\\nand afterwards watched him as he entered this house.\\nMrs. Morris declared that they were entirely mis-\\ntaken; that the person they had seen was no one but\\nher son, who had gone out to look at them as any\\nboy might do, and who was perfectly innocent of any\\ndesigns against them. The men may have been\\nsatisfied with this explanation in regard to her son\\nbut they asserted that they knew that there was a\\nrefugee concealed somewhere in that neighborhood,\\nand they believed that he w^as in an empty house near\\nby, of which they were told she had the key. Mrs.\\nMorris, who had given a signal, previously agreed u]-)on,\\nto the man in the auger hole, to keep very cpiiet,\\nwished to gain as much time as possible, and exclaimed.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "i;:\\nBless me I hope you are not Hessians.\\nDo we look like Hessians asked one of them\\nrudely.\\nIndeed, I don t know.\\nDid you ever see a Hessian\\nXo, never in my life but they are men, and you\\nare men, and may be Hessians, for an)-thing I know.\\nBut I will go with you into\\nColonel Cox s houst\\nthough indeed it was\\nmy son at the mill\\nhe is but a boy, and\\nmeant no harm he\\nwanted to see the\\ntroops.\\nSo she took th.\\nkey of the empty\\nhouse referred to.\\nand went in ahead\\nof the men, who\\nsearched the place\\nthorouo^hly, and.\\nafter finding r\\\\u\\nplace where anybody\\ncould be, they searched\\none or two of the houses acljuiiuiij; but for some\\nreason they did not think it worth while to go through\\nMrs. Morris s own house. Had they done so, it is not\\nprobable that the good lady could have retained her\\ncomposure, especially if they had entered the room in\\nwhich was the linen el.)set for. even had thjv been", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "136\\ncompletely deceived by the piles of sheets and pillow-\\ncases, there is no knowing but that the unfortunate\\nman in the auger hole might have been inclined\\nto sneeze.\\nBut although she was a brave woman, and very\\nhumanely inclined, Mrs. Morris felt she could not any\\nlonger take the risk of a refugee in her house. And\\nso that night, after dark, she went up to the parson\\nin the auger hole, and made him come out; and\\nshe took him into the town, where he was concealed\\nby some of the Tory citizens, who were better adapted\\nto take care of the refugee than this lone Quaker\\nwoman with her two inquisitive boys. It is believed\\nthat soon after this he took refuge in New York,\\nwhich was then in the hands of the British.\\nFurther on in the journal, Mrs. Morris indulges in\\nsome moral reflections in regard to the war in which\\nher countrymen were engaged, and no one of right\\nfeeling will object to her sentiments.\\nJan. 14. I hear Gen. Howe .sent a request to Washington de-\\nsiring three day.s cessation of arms to take care of the wounded and\\nbury the dead, which was refused wliat a woeful tendency war has\\nto liarden the human heart against the tender feelings of humanity.\\nWell may it be called a horrid art thus to change the nature of man.\\nI tiiought that even barijarous nations had a sort of religious regard\\nfor their dead.\\nAfter this the journal contains many references to\\nwarlike scenes on the river and warlike sounds from\\nthe country around. Ntmibers of gondolas filled with\\nsoldiers went up and down the river, at times cannon\\nfrom distant points firing alannns. At other times the", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "137\\nroaring of great guns from a distance, showing that a\\nbattle was going on, kept the people of Burlington in\\na continual excitement and Mrs. Morris, who was en-\\ntirely cut off from her relatives and friends, several of\\nwhom were living in Philadelphia, was naturally very\\nanxious and disturbed in regard to events, of which\\nshe heard but little, and perhaps understood less.\\nOne day she saw a number of gunboats, with flags\\nflying and drums beating, that were going, she was\\ntold, to attend a court-martial at which a number of\\nrefugees, men of her jjarty, were to be tried by Gen-\\neral Putnam and it was believed that if they were\\nfound guilty they would be executed.\\nAfter a time, Mrs. Morris found an opportunity of\\nshowing, that, although in princi])le she might be a\\nTory, she was at heart a good, kind Quaker lady\\nready to give help to suffering people, no matter\\nwhether they belonged to the side she favored or to\\nthat which she opposed.\\nSome of the people who came up the river in the\\ngunboats and in many cases the soldiers brought\\ntheir wives with them, probably as cooks were taken\\nsick during that summer and some of these inva-\\nlids stopped at Burlington, being unable to proceed\\nfarther.\\nHere, to their surprise, they found no doctors; for\\nall the patriots of that profession had gone to the army,\\nand the Tory physicians had departed to the British\\nlines. But, as has been said before, the women in\\nthe early days of New Jersey were often obliged to\\nbe physicians and among the good housewives of", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "138\\nBurlington, who knew all about herb teas, homemade\\nplasters, and potions, Mrs. Morris held a high position.\\nThe sick Continentals were told that she was just as\\ngood as a doctor, and, besides, was a very kind woman,\\nalways ready to help the sick and suffering.\\nSo some of the sick soldiers came to her; and from\\nwhat Mrs. Morris wrote, one or two of them must\\nhave been the same men who had\\npreviously come to her house and\\nthreatened the life of her boy, who\\nhad been looking at them with a\\nspyglass. But now they very\\nmeekly and humbly asked\\nher to come and attend\\ntheir poor comrades\\nwho were unable to\\nmove. At first Mrs,\\n_. Morris thought this\\nwas some sort of a\\ntrick, and that they\\nwanted to get her on\\nboard of one of the gunboats,\\nand carry her away. But when\\nshe found that the sick people were\\nin a house in the town, she consented to go and do\\nwhat she could. So she took her bottles with her, and\\nher bo.xes and her herbs, and visited the sick people,\\nseveral of whom she found were women.\\nThey were all alllicted with some sort of a fever,\\nprobably of a malarial kind, contracted from living\\nday and night on board of boats without proper pro-", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "139\\ntection and, knowing just what to do in such cases,\\nshe, to use her own expression, treated them accord-\\ning to art, and it was not long before they all\\nrecovered.\\nWhat happened in consequence of this hospital\\nwork for those whom she considered her enemies, is\\nthus related by Mrs. Morris:\\nI thouglit I had received all my pay when they thankfully\\nacknowledged all my kindness, but lo! in a short time afterwards,\\na very rough, ill-looking man came to the door and asked for me.\\nWhen I went to him, he drew me aside and asked me if I had anv\\nfriends in Philadelphia The question alarmed me, supposing that\\nthere was some mischief meditated against that poor city however,\\n1 calmly said, I have an ancient father-in-law, some sisters, and\\nother near friends there. Well, said the man, do you wish to\\nhear from them, or send anything by way of refreshment to them?\\nIf you do, I will take charge of it and bring you back anything you\\nmay send for. I was very much surprised, to be sure, and thought\\nhe only wanted to get provisions to take to the gondolas, when he\\ntold me his wife was one I had given medicine to, and this was the\\nonly thing he could do to pay me for my kindness. My heart\\nleaped for joy, and I set about pieparing something for my dear\\nabsent friends. A quarter of beef, some veal, fowls, and flour, were\\nsoon put up, and about midnight the man came and took them away\\nin his boat.\\nMrs. Morris was not mistaken in trusting to the\\ngood intentions of this grateful Continental soldier,\\nfor, as she says, two nights later there came a loud\\nknocking at the door\\nOpening the chamber window, we heard a man s voice saying,\\nCome down softly and open the door, but bring no light. There\\nwas something mysterious in such a call, and we concluded to go\\ndown and set the candle in the kitchen. When we got to the front\\ndoor we asked, Who are you. The man replied, A friend;", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "140\\nopen quickly so tlie door was opened, and who should it be but\\nour honest gondola man with a letter, a bushel of salt, a jug ot\\nmolasses, a bag of rice, some tea, coffee, and sugar, and some cloth\\nfor a coat for my poor boys all sent by my kind sisters. How\\ndid our hearts and eyes overflow with love to them and thanks to\\nour Heavenly Father for such seasonable supplies. iMay we never\\nforget it. Being now so rich, we thought it our duty to hand out\\na little to the poor around us, who were mourning for want of salt,\\nso we divided the bushel and gave a pint to every poor person who\\ncame for it, and had a great plenty for our own use.\\nAs the war drew to its close and it became plain\\nto every one that the cause of the patriots must tri-\\numph, the feeling between the two parties of Amer-\\nicans became les.s bitter and the Tories, in many\\ncases, saw that it would be wise for them to accej^t\\nthe situation, and become loNal citizens of the United\\nStates of America, as before thev had been loyal\\nsubjects of Great Britain.\\nWhen peace was at last proclaimed, those Tories\\nwho were i)risoners were released, and almost all of\\nthem who had owned farms or estates had them\\nreturned to them, and Mrs. Morris could visit her\\nancient father-in-law and her sisters in Philadel-\\n|)hia, or the\\\\ coukl come up the river and \\\\-isit her\\nin her house on the beautiful Green Bank at Biuling-\\nton, without fear or thou,i;ht of those fellow-coinitry-\\nmen who had been their bitter enemies.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "THE STORY OF TWO CAPTAINS.\\nDURING the Revolution, New Jersey had a very\\nhard time, harder in some ways than man\\\\ of\\nher sister States. This may be accounted for by the\\nfact that much of her territory lay between the two\\nim])ortant cities of Philadel{)hia and New York, and\\nthat it was therefore liable to be the scene of frequent\\nbattles and marches. In fact, it often happens that\\nthe march of an enemy through a quiet country is\\nalmost as bad as a disastrous battle.\\nCountry people and farmers, especially those of fruit-\\nful and prosperous countries, arc generally much more\\nopposed to war than people in cities; and so it hap-\\n])ened in New Jersey. When the Revolution began,\\nthere were a good many joeoj^jle who did not care ]xir-\\nticularly about taxation, who had been happy and\\ncomfortable all their days, without any thought of\\nindependence, and wlio saw no reason why they should\\nnot continue to be so; and these did not immediately\\nspring to arms when the first guns of the war were\\nfired. There were no large cities in New Jerse\\\\ It\\nwas a rural community, a country of peaceable people.\\nWhen the British troops first entered New Jersey,\\nand before anv battles had been fought, the commander\\n141", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "142\\nin chief took advantage of this state of feeling, and\\nendeavored as far as possible to make the people think\\nthat the Redcoats were in reality good friends, and\\nintended them no harm. He protested, whenever he\\nhad a chance, that when these disturbances were over,\\nany complaints that the people had to make in regard\\nto the laws made by their English rulers, should be\\ncarefully attended to, and their grievances redressed\\nas soon as possible.\\nAs has been said before, a great many of the peo-\\nple of the Colony were in favor of continuance of the\\nBritish rule, and from these arose that Tory party\\nwhich afterwards caused so much bitterness of feeling\\nand bloody centention. But there were also others,\\nwho, although they were not Tories, were not in favor\\nof fighting if it could be helped, and these the British\\ncommander most wished to conciliate. He issued a\\ngreat many printed papers of protection, which he\\ngave to those who had not yet taken sides against\\nthe Crown. The people who received these were\\nassured, that, so long as they had them to show, no\\nRedcoat soldier would in any way disturb them or their\\nproperty.\\nBut when the English army actually spread itself\\nover the country, and the soldiers began to forage\\nabout to see what they could find to eat and drink\\nbetter than their rations, the Jersey farmers frequently\\ndiscovered that these papers of protection were of no\\nuse at all. If shown to one of the Hessians, who\\nwere more dreaded than the other soldiers of the\\nBritish army, the German could not read a word of it.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "143\\nand paid no attention to it. He wanted ducks and\\ngeese, and took them. And after a time the EngHsh\\nsoldiers determined that the Hessians should not take\\nall they wanted while they stood by and had nothing,\\nand so they began to pillage, without regard to the\\nlittle printed papers which the angry farmers showed\\nthem.\\nThis state of things had a very good effect upon\\nthe rural population of New Jersey and as the con-\\nduct of the British soldiers became more lawless, so\\ndid the determination to resist such outrageous actions\\nbecome stronger and stronger in the hearts of the\\npeople of the country, and they readily listened to the\\ncalls to arms which were made by Washington and\\nby Congress. The people who were in favor of\\nthe Revolution and independence stood together and\\nformed themselves on one side, while those who were\\nstill loyal to the King formed themselves on the other.\\nAnd thus, with both the Tories and the British against\\nthem, the citizens of New Jersey began in good earnest\\nto fight for their liberties.\\nIn the war which was now waged in New Jersey,\\nit very often happened that the British soldiers had\\nno part whatever; and although the battles and skir-\\nmishes between the Tories and the Whigs were gen-\\nerally small and of no great importance, they were\\nalways violent and bloody. Sometimes the forces on\\neach side were considerable enough to entitle the\\naffair to be called a battle. The forces of the Whig-s\\nor patriots in these encounters were almost always\\ncomposed of the militiamen of the State, who had not", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "144\\njoined the regular army, but who had enlisted for the\\npurpose of defending their own homes and farms. In\\nvarious parts of the country there were men who,\\nsome on one side and some on the other, had distin-\\nguished themselves as soldiers.\\nOne of the most prominent of these was a Captain\\nHuddy of Monmouth County. He had command of\\na company of militiamen, and he made himself very\\nformidable to the bodies of Tories who had formed\\nthemselves in the country, and his name and fame as\\na great fighter began to spread over that part of the\\nState. He lived in a good-sized house, for that time,\\ni 1 the village of Colt s Neck, and in this house he\\ngenerally kept part of his command.\\nBut one evening he happened to be at home with-\\nout any one with him except a servant, a negro girl\\nabout twenty years old. His men had all gone away\\non some errand, and the fact that the captain was\\nat home by himself became known to some Tories in\\nthe neighborhood. These, led by a mulatto named\\nTye, made an attack upon his house.\\nBut although Captain Huddy s men were all away,\\nthey had left their guns behind and so the brave\\nHuddy, instead of surrendering to the force of fifty\\nor si.xty Tories who were outside, determined to fight\\nthem, with no garrison but himself and the negro\\ngirl, and he made ready to hold his house as long\\nas he could. The girl loaded the guns; and Huddy,\\nrunning from one window to another, fired at the\\nTories so rapidly and with such good effect, that\\nthey believed that there were a number of men in", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "145\\nthe house, and so did not dare to rush for\\\\vard and\\nbreak in the doors, as they certainly would have\\ndone if they had known that they were fighting two\\npersons onh and one of them a girl.\\nSeveral of the attacking party were wounded, and\\nthey found at last that there was little chance of\\ncapturing this fortress, so well defended so they con-\\ncluded to burn the house, and thus force the garrison\\nto come out. While they were at work setting fire\\nto the wooden building. Huddy shot the mulatto in\\nSTO. OF N.J. lO", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "146\\nthe arm but, findin,!; that he could not prevent them\\nfrom carrying out their purpose, he shouted to\\nthem that if they would put out the fire, he would\\nsurrender.\\nWhen the fort had capitulated and the enemy\\nmarched in, the Tories were so angry to find that\\nthey had been fighting no one but a man and a\\nnegro girl, that many of them were inclined to fall\\nupon these- unfortunates, and butcher them on the\\nspot but they were restrained. As it was known\\nthat Huddy s men would probably soon return, for\\nthe noise of the firing had aroused the neighborhood,\\nthe enemy seized the captain and hurried him\\naway, leaving the rest of the garrison behind.\\nIt may be said here that this girl, whose name\\nwas Lucretia Emmons, afterwards married a man\\nnamed Chambers, and, like all other Jersey women\\nwho were of benefit to their State, lived to a good\\nold age, and had a large posterity.\\nCaptain Muddy was hui ried away to the boats in\\nwhich the Tories had arrived hut llic militiamen\\nwere in hot pursuit, and a running fight took place\\nbetween them and the Tories, in which si.\\\\ of the\\nlatter were killed. The Tories, with their prisoner,\\ngot on board their boats; but they had not pushed\\nvery far from the shore, before the mihtiamen were\\nfiring at them again. During the hubbub which en-\\nsued. Captain Huddy made a bold dash for liberty.\\nHe sprang to his feet, plunged into the water, and\\nbegan to swim to the shore. In so doing, unfortu-\\nnately, he received a shot in the thigh from his own", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "147\\nfriends but he raised his hands above his head and\\nshouted, I am Hudd) I am Huddy and so, with\\none leg and two arms, he continued to strike out for\\nthe shore, which he reached in safety. His wound\\ncould not have been very severe, for it was not long\\nbefore he was again engaged in fighting the Tories.\\nTwo years after this, Captain Huddy was once\\nmore obliged to hold a fort against a superior body\\nof Tories, this time a rude structure of logs, or\\nblockhouse, near Tom s River, close to the coast.\\nHis garrison consisted of twenty-five men. Here he\\nw as attacked by a number of refugees, some of them\\nfrom New York, and some from the neighborhood.\\nThey gathered from various quarters during the night,\\nand early on a Sunday morning they made a united\\nattack on the blockhouse. Huddy and his men\\nfought bravely but when their ammunition was gone,\\nand seven or eight of them were killed, he was\\nobliged to surrender.\\nNow, there w^as no one to rescue him, and he was\\nmarched away, put in irons, and confined in the hold\\nof a prison ship anchored off the coast. The state\\nof feeling at the time is shown by the way in which\\nthe commander of this expedition speaks of the vil-\\nlage of Tom s River; for he says, The Town, as it\\nis called, consists of about a dozen houses, in which\\nnone but a piratical set of banditti reside.\\nWhat afterwards happened to the captain was the\\nresult of a chain of events w hich could only have\\noccurred in a country where neighbors and former\\nfriends were arrayed in bloody conflict against each", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "148\\nother. A prominent Tory of that neighborhood, named\\nWhite, had been captured by the patriots, and it hap-\\npened that the father of one of White s guards had\\nbeen murdered by a party of Tories of whom White\\nwas a member. White was shot soon after his cap-\\nture and it was generally believed that he had been\\nkilled by this guard, who wished to avenge his father s\\ndeath.\\nThus one murder led to another, but the bloody\\nbusiness had not yet gone far enough. The friends\\nof White were determined to avenge his death, and\\ncould think of no better way of doing it than by\\nkilling Captain Huddy. The Tories wished to get\\nrid of him anyway, and here was a reason which\\nwas considered good enough in those days of furious\\nanimosity between fellow-countrymen. It was not\\nlong, therefore, before Huddy was taken from his\\nprison, and, without even a show of a trial, was con-\\ndemned to death. It was said that he assisted in\\nthe killing of White and although he asserted boldly\\nthat this was an absurd charge, as he was in prison\\nat the time White was shot, the Tories would not\\nlisten to any such plea. They were determined to\\nkill him, and die he must.\\nHe was taken on shore at Sandy Hook, and on\\nthe beach a rude gallows was constructed of three\\nfence rails, and there he was hung. Before he died,\\nhe wrote his will, resting the paper on the top of a\\nflour barrel and it is said that his handwriting was\\nas firm and legible as if he had been sitting at a\\ntable in his own house.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "149\\nThis inhuman and lawless execution of a man so\\nwell known and of such good reputation as Captain\\nHuddy, created great indignation in the patriotic\\nparty all over the country, and there was a general\\ndemand that the l^ritish army should deliver up a\\nman named Lippencot, who had been the leader of\\nthe party which had hung Huddy but the British\\ndid not consent to this. They did make a show of\\ninvestigating the matter and Lippencot, who was an\\nofficer of a refugee regiment regularly enlisted in\\nthe British service, was tried by court-martial. But\\nhe was acquitted and no satisfaction was offered to\\nthe Americans for this crime, which had been com-\\nmitted in open defiance of the laws of war.\\nBut the British commander in chief, who arrived\\nabout this time, was a man of honor and good sense,\\nand he openly condemned the action of Lippencot\\nand his men, and assured the Americans that he\\nwould do what he could to further investigate the\\nmatter.\\nThis, however, did not satisfy the country, and\\nfrom every side there came demands that some one\\nof the officers who were then prisoners in the Amer-\\nican lines should be executed in retaliation for Hud-\\ndy s murder, unless Lippencot were delivered up to\\nthe Americans. Here, then, opened the fourth act of\\nthis bloody play of progression, and we will tell the\\nstory of the other captain.\\nIt is a horrible thing to deliberately execute an\\ninnocent man because some one else has committed\\na crime but war is horrible, and we must expect", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "ISO\\nthat horrible things will continually spring from it.\\nAs no satisfaction could be obtained from the British\\nfor this acknowledged outrage and murder, for in\\nacquitting Lippencot the British authorities virtually\\ntook upon themselves the responsibility of Huddy s\\nexecution, the Americans, being at war and acting\\nin accordance with the bloody rules of war, deter-\\nmined to select an\\nofficer from among\\nthe English pris-\\noners in the Amer-\\nican lines, who\\nshould be executed\\nin retaliation for\\nHuddy s death.\\nAs soon as this\\norder had been is-\\nsued, thirteen Brit-\\nish officers, who\\nwere at liberty on\\nparole in the Amer-\\nican lines, were ordered\\nto report at Lancaster, Penn.,\\nin order that one of them might be selected to be the\\nvictim of retaliation.\\nThese officers were assembled in a room of the\\nBlack Bear Tavern with several American officers,\\nwho conducted the proceedings, and a guard of\\nmounted dragoons was stationed outside.\\nThe question was to be decided by lot according\\nto the following plan the thirteen names of the offi-", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "151\\ncers were written each upon a little slip of paper,\\nand these were put into a hat. Then in another hat\\nwere placed thirteen other slips of the same size, all\\nof them blank excepting one, on which was written\\nthe word unfortunate. Two drummer boys were\\ncalled in to draw out the slips, one from one hat,\\nthe other from the other. As one boy drew out the\\npiece of paper and read the name of the officer\\nwritten upon it, the other boy at the same time drew\\na slip from the other hat. After several drawings,\\nin which the slips from the second hat had all been\\nblank, one of the boys drew, and read upon the little\\npiece of paper the name of Captain Asgill, and at\\nthe same time the other boy drew out a slip, and\\nread the word unfortunate. This decided the mat-\\nter and the American officer in command turned to\\nthe leader of the dragoons and said to him, This\\ngentleman, sir, is your prisoner.\\nNow this most tragical meeting broke up, and we\\nare told that every man in that room, except Captain\\nAsgill himself, was in tears. The truly unfortunate\\nman who had been chosen by this most doleful\\nchance was a handsome young gentleman, scarcely\\nmore than a boy. He was beloved by every one\\nwho knew him, and he would have been the last\\nman to have consented to any such deed as that for\\nwhich he was to pay the penalty. When it became\\nknown that he had been selected by fate to be exe-\\ncuted in retaliation, every one who knew anything\\nabout him, either in the British army or the Ameri-\\ncan, dee])ly deplored the fact that the doom should", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "152\\nhave fallen on one who so little deserved it. Captain\\nAsgill was taken to Philadelphia, and after a while\\nwas carried to New Jersey, where in Chatham, Morris\\nCounty, he was held to await his end.\\nWashington himself was greatly affected by this\\nevent and he wrote to the colonel who had charge\\nof Captain Asgill, to treat the unfortunate young\\nman with all tenderness and respect while he should\\nbe in his hands, and to do everything for him that\\nwas consistent with propriety under the circum-\\nstances.\\nNow, there came from many parts of this country,\\nas well as from the English, all sorts of communica-\\ntions and memorials addressed to the government and\\nthe commander of the army, urging clemency in the\\ncase of this unfortunate young man and it was no\\ndoubt in consequence of these, that his punishment\\nwas delayed from time to time.\\nCaptain AsgilTs mother was a lady of good jiosition\\nin England, and, overwhelmed with grief at the im-\\npending fate of her son, she spared no efforts to save\\nhim. She wrote to every man of influence whom she\\nknew and among others she wrote to the Count de\\nVergcnncs, who was in tliis country as the rejire-\\nsentative of tlie coui t of h rance.\\nThe French, who had been the faithful friends of\\nthe Americans throughout the struggle, were as will-\\ning to assist their allies to be merciful and forgiving\\nas they were to help them tight their battles. The\\nambassador addressed a strong letter to Congress,\\nurging that young Captain Asgill might be spared,", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "153\\nand sending a copy of the letter written by the heart-\\nbroken mother.\\nStill war is war; and one of its laws is, that, if a\\nprisoner is unjustly killed by an enemy, one of the\\nenemy s men held as jirisoner shall be killed in re-\\ntaliation, the object being, of course, to put a stop to\\nunjust executions. With this law in view. Congress\\ndid not consent to countermand the young man s\\nexecution.\\nCaptain Asgill had another friend, a powerful one,\\nwho did all that he could to save him from his impend-\\ning fate. This was General Washington, who from\\nthe first had pitied the young man on account of his\\nyouth and general character but he had also objected\\nto the selection for the reason that he had been\\namong the officers who surrendered with Lord Corn-\\nwallis, who had been promised that they should not\\nbe dealt with as hostages. There were other prison-\\ners who might have been more justly taken as sub-\\njects of retaliation, but for some reason the thirteen\\nofficers who had been summoned to this trial l)y lot\\nwere not among those who were justly liable in the\\ncase. Washington felt that the selection of Asgill\\nwas a breach of good faith, and he did all that he\\ncould to induce the secretary of war to act justly\\nand honorably in the matter. At all events, the\\nefforts in behalf of the young officer had the effect\\nof delaying the execution; and three months after his\\nfatal lot had been drawn, he was allowed to go to\\nMorristown and remain there a j^risoner on parole.\\nNot long after this, another reason arose for the", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "154\\npardon of Captain Asgill, which was used with effect\\nby his friends. Peace was now approaching, and there\\nwas no need of the execution of hostages in order to\\nprevent further outrages on the part of the enemy and\\nso the members of Congress began to feel that after\\nthis long delay, and the approaching general rejoicing\\nin the success of American independence, it would\\nseem like murder to execute this young man. There-\\nfore a law was passed by Congress, directing that\\nCaptain Asgill should be set at liberty and allowed\\nto return to his family.\\nDreadful months of suspense and fearful anticijxi-\\ntion had darkened the souls of this young soldier, his\\nfamily, and his friends; but they had probably pro-\\nduced a better effect upon the minds of the lawless\\nbands of Tory refugees than would have resulted had\\nthe execution taken ])lace; for, had Captain Asgill been\\nhung, there is no doubt that an American prisoner\\nwould have suffered in his place and how many more\\nsteps in the bloody business of retaliation would have\\ntaken ];)lace, no man can tell. So, if we look at the\\nmatter philosophically, it may have been a very good\\nthing that the British officer selected to atone for the\\ndeath of Captain lluddy happened to be a young man\\nwhom miboilv wished to kill, for tlic merciful delay\\nexercised in his case was the .probable cause of the\\ncessation of retaliation during the last months of the\\nRevolution.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "THE STORY OF TEMPE WICK.\\nTHERE are so many curious and unexpected things\\nwhich may happen in time of war, especially to\\npeople who live in parts of a country where the enemv\\nmay be expected to come, or where the friendly army\\nis already encamped, that it is impossible to guard\\nagainst unpleasant occurrences and it often happens\\nthat the only thing to be depended upon when an\\nemergency arises, is presence of mind, and quicknc-s\\nof wit.\\nIn these cjualities. New Jersey girls have never\\nshown themselves behind their sisters of other parts\\nof the country, and a very good p.roof of this is shown\\nby an incident which took place near Morristown\\nduring the time that .the American army was quar-\\ntered in that neighborhood.\\nNot far from the town was a farm then known as\\nWick s farm, situated in a beautiful wooded country.\\nThe daughter of Mr. Wick, named Tempe (probably\\nshort for Temjierance), was the owner of a ver) hue\\nhorse, and on this beautiful animal it was her delight\\nto ride over the roads and through the woods of the\\nsurrounding country. She had been accustomed to\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a255", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "156\\nhorses since she was a child, and was not afraid to\\nride anywhere by herself.\\nWhen she first began to canter over these hills and\\ndales, it had been in times of peace, wheii there was\\nnothing in this quiet country of which any one might\\nbe afraid and now, although these were days of war,\\nshe felt no fear. There were soldiers not far away,\\nbut these she looked upon as her friends and pro-\\ntectors; for Washington and his army had encamped\\nin that region to defend the country against the\\najjproach of the enemy. If any straggling Redcoats\\nshould feel a desire to come along the hills, they would\\nbe very apt to restrain their inclinations so long as\\nthey knew that that brave American army was en-\\ncamped near by.\\nSo Miss Tempc Wick, fearing nothing, rode far\\nand wide, as she. had been in the habit of doing, and\\nevery day she and her good steed became better and\\nbetter acquainted with each other.\\nOne fine afternoon, as Tempe was slowly riding\\nhomeward, within a mile of her house, she met half\\na dozen soldiers in Continental uniform, and two of\\nthem, stepping in front of her, called upon her to\\nstop. When she had done so, one of them seized her\\n])ridle. She did not know the men; but still, as they\\nbelonged to Washington s arnu who were her country-\\nmen and friends, she saw no reason to be afraid, and\\nasked I hem what the\\\\ wanted.\\nAt first she received no answer, for thev were very\\nbusily occupied in looking at her horse and express-\\ning their satisfaction at the tine points of the ani-", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "157\\nmal. Tempe had had her horse praised before but\\nthese men were looking at him, and talking about him,\\nvery much as if he were for sale and they were think-\\ning of buying. Presently one of the men said to her\\nthat this was a very excellent horse that she was\\nriding, and they wanted it. To this Tempe exclaimed,\\nin great amazement, that it was her own horse, that\\nshe wanted him herself, and had no wish to dispose of\\nhim. Some of the soldiers laughed, and one of them\\ntold her that the troops were about to move, and\\nthat good horses were greatly needed, and that they\\nhad orders to levy upon the surrounding country and\\ntake horses wherever they could find them.\\nNow was Tempe astonished beyond measure. If\\nhalf a dozen British soldiers had surrounded her, and\\nhad declared that they intended to rob her of her\\nhorse, she would not have wondered at it, for they\\nwould have taken it as the property of an enemy.\\nBut that the soldiers of her own country, the men on\\nwhom she and all her friends and neighbors depended\\nfor protection and safety, should turn on her and rob\\nher, as if they had been a set of marauding Hessians,\\nwas something she could scarcely comprehend.\\nl^ut it did not take her long to understand, that no\\nmatter who they were or what they were, whether\\nthey thought they had a right to do what they threat-\\nened, or whether they had no regard for right and\\njustice, they were in earnest, and intended to take\\nher horse. When this conviction flashed into the mind\\nof Tempe Wick, there also flashed into it a determina-\\ntion to show these men that a Jersey girl had a will", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "158\\nof her own, and that if they wanted her property,\\nthey would have to do a great deal more than simply\\nto come to her and ask her to hand it over to them.\\nAfter a little parley, during which the man who\\nheld her bridle let go of it, supposing she was about\\nto dismount, she suddenly gave her spirited horse a\\nsharp cut with the whip, dashed between two of the\\nsoldiers, and, before they could comprehend what had\\nhappened, she was off and away.\\nAs fast as they could run, the soldiers followed her,\\none or two of them firing their guns in the air, think-\\ning to frighten her and make her stop but, as though\\nshe had been a deer and her pursuers ordinary hunters,\\nshe swiftly sped away from them.\\nBut they did not give up the chase. Some of them\\nknew where this girl lived, and were confident that\\nwhen they reached her house, they would have the\\nhorse. If they had known it was such a fine animal,\\nthey would have come after it before. According to\\ntheir belief, good horses should go into the army, and\\npeople who staid at home, and expected other j)coplc\\nto fight for them, ought to be willing to do what they\\ncould to hel]i in the good cause, and at least gi\\\\-e their\\nhorses to the army.\\nAs Temjie sat uj^in her bounding steed, she knew\\nvery well that the soldiers could ne\\\\er catch her; but\\nher heart sank within her as she thought of what would\\nhappen when they came to the farm and demanded\\nher horse. Running away from them was only j)ost-\\nponing licr tmulile for a little wiiile, for tliere was\\nno one about tlie place who could prevent tlH)se", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "men from goino^ to the\\nbarn and taking away\\nthe animal.\\nIt would be of no use\\nto pass her house and\\nride on and on. Where\\nshould she go She must\\ncome back some time, and\\nall the soldiers would\\nhave to do would be to\\nhalt at the farm, and wait\\nuntil she returned. And\\neven if she should take\\nher horse into the wood\\nand tie him to a tree, they would know by her com-\\ning back on foot that she had left him at no great\\ndistance, and they would be sure to follow his tracks\\nand find him.\\nAs Tempe rode swiftly on, her thoughts galloped\\nas fast as her horse, and before she reached the\\nhouse she had come to a conclusion as to the best\\nthing to be done. She did not ride towards the\\nbarn, but dashed through the gateway of the large\\nyard, and sprang from her steed. As she turned in,\\nshe looked down the road but the men were not in\\nsight. What she was going to do was something\\nwhich people never did, but it was the only thing\\nshe could think of, and she was a girl whose actions\\nwere as quick as her ideas were original. Without\\nstopping an instant, she took her horse to the back\\ndoor, and led him l^oldly into the house.", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "i6o\\nThis was not the sort of stable to which Tempe s\\nhorse or any other American horse was accustomed\\nbut this animal knew his mistress, and where she\\nled, he was willing to follow. If one of the farm\\nhands had attempted to take the creature into the\\nhouse, there would probably have been some rearing\\nand plunging; but nothing of this kind happened as\\nour Jersey girl, with her hand on her horse s bridle,\\nled him quickly inside and closed the door behind\\nhim. As the story goes, she took him through the\\nkitchen, and then into the parlor, without the slight-\\nest regard to the injury his shoes might do to the\\nwell-kept floor and from the parlor she led him\\ninto a bedroom on the lower floor, which was usua]l\\\\-\\nused as a guest chamber, but which never before\\nhad such a guest as this.\\nThis room had but a single windcnv, the shutters\\nof which were kept closed when it was not in use,\\nand there was no entrance to it except through the\\ndoor which opened from the parlor. The door was\\nquickly closed, and Tempe stood with her horse in\\nthe darkness.\\nW^hen the soldiers reached the farm, they went to\\nthe barn. They examined the outhouses, visited the\\npasture fields, and made a thorough search, high and\\nlow, near and far; but no sign of a horse could tiiey\\nfind. Of course, the notion that the animal was con-\\ncealed in tlic house did not enter their minds, and\\nthe only way in wliich they could account for the\\ntotal (lisappearanc-e of the horse was, that Tempe had\\nridden off with him where they knew not. W c tlo", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "i6i\\nnot know how long they waited for the sight of a\\nhungry horse coming home to his supper, but we do\\nknow that while there was the slightest danger of\\nher dear horse being taken away from her, that ani-\\nmal remained a carefully attended guest in the spare\\nroom of the Wick house and the tradition is, that\\nhe staid there three weeks. There Tempe waited\\non him as if he had been a visitor of high degree;\\nand if she was afraid to go to the barn to bring him\\nhay and oats, she doubtless gave him biscuit and\\nsoft bread, dainties of which a horse is very fond,\\nespecially when they are brought to him by such a\\nkind mistress as Tempe.\\nSTO. OF N.J. II", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "1 62\\nWhen the cavalry moved away from their camp\\nnear Morristown, no one of them rode on that fine\\nhorse on which they had seen a girl gayly cantering,\\nand which, when they had been about to put their\\nhands upon it, had flown away, like a butterfly from\\nunder the straw hat of a schoolboy. When the\\ntroops were gone, the horse came out of the guest\\nchamber and went back to his stall in the stable\\nand that room in which he passed so many quiet\\ndays, and the door through which the horse timidly\\nstepped under the shadow of that hospitable roof, are\\nstill to be seen at the old Wick house, which stands\\nnow, as it stood then, with its shaded yard and the\\ngreat willow tree behind it, on the pleasant country\\nroad by which we may drive from Morristown to\\nMendham by the way of Washington Corner.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "THE STORY OF FORT NONSENSE.\\nr^URING three years of the Revokition the Amer-\\n1-^ ican army, under General Washington, wintered\\nin New Jersey. Of course, we understand, that, \\\\Vhen\\nan army goes into winter quarters, it does so because\\nthe weather prevents operations in the field and\\nalthough Washington did not in the least object to\\nfighting in the cold weather if a good opportunity\\nshowed itself, as we know from the fact that he\\nfought the battle of Trenton on Christmas Day, still\\nthe winters in New Jersey were for the most part\\nperiods of inactivity.\\nHistories give us full accounts of the important\\nbattles and marches which took place in New Jersey\\nbut the life of the army in the long, cold months\\nin which fighting and marching were almost impos-\\nsible, is something with which we are not so well\\nacquainted and when we understand what the men\\nof our army were obliged to suffer and to endure,\\nand the responsibilities and anxieties which were so\\nconscientiously borne by Washington and his officers,\\nwe are compelled to give as much credit to the\\nsoldiers of the Revolution for their heroism in their\\nwinter camps as for their courage uixui the battlefielil.\\n163", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "i64\\nThis winter life in New Jersey, of men and officers\\nfrom New luigland, the Middle States, Virginia, and\\nthe South, appears to us now as very interesting, and\\nin many w^ays a curious life. Into a quiet country\\nneighborhood there came an entirely novel element,\\nan army which had not come there to fight, but to live.\\nWashington s first winter in New Jersey was spent\\nin Morristown in 1777. This place was chosen be-\\ncause it was a productive country, and well situated\\nfor sudden expeditions against the enemy in that part\\nof the State. Although there was no fighting done\\nin Morristown, so many small detachments of troops\\nwent out from the place, and so many sudden at-\\ntacks were made upon the outposts of the enemy in\\nthe country round about, that by the end of the\\nwinter the British had no hold in New Jersey except\\nat Perth Amboy and New Brunswick.\\nBut, as has been said before, it is not with the\\nmilitary operations that we are concerned, but with\\nthe winter life of the armv in the camp. The first\\nthing that has to be done when an army arrives to\\nsettle and make itself a home in and about a country\\ntown, is to provide a good house for the commander\\nin chief a!id officers, and a suitable camping place for\\nthe men. Washington went to Arnold s Tavern, a\\nlarge house on the corner of the Cireen and the\\narmy encamped in the \\\\;ille\\\\ of the Loantika, a\\nbeautiful place in summer, but iiol pai ticularly attract-\\nive in cold weatiier. Ileie they built themselves\\nhuts of logs, and here they tried to keep themselves\\nw^arm and to be satisfied with what thev had for the", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "i65\\ngovernment was poor, and found it hard to keep an\\narmy. There was })lenty to eat and drink in the\\nsurrounding country, but there was very little money\\nwith which to buy it.\\nIt was a great thing for the Morristown people to\\nsee the tavern surrounded night and day by a guard\\nof twenty-six soldiers, and to have their streets and\\nroads made lively by soldiers on foot, clad in the\\nvarious uniforms w-orn by the men from different\\nStates, some with cocked hats, some with round hats\\nwith feathers stuck in them some with green coats,\\nsome with blue some with buckskin breeches, others\\nwith black, while Washington, with the officers of\\nhis staff, galloped here and there, dressed in the\\nregular Continental uniforms of blue and buff.\\nAmong the most conspicuous uniforms of the Amer-\\nican army was that of the Jersey Blues. This was\\na volunteer organization formed in Essex County and\\nthe first uniforms of these soldiers were furnished by\\nthe patriotic women of that region. They were not\\nable to afford anything handsome or costly so each\\nsoldier was provided with a frock coat and trousers\\nmade of tow cloth, which was dyed a bright blue by\\nthe same women who made it into soldiers clothes.\\nThese Jersey Blues, although they must have pre-\\nsented a very peculiar appearance in the field, became\\nfamous soldiers, and were known throughout the war,\\nand occupied high positions in the Continental army.\\nThe Jersey Blues were never disorganized, and still\\nremain prominent among the citizen soldiers of the\\nState.", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "1 66\\ni1\\nh.i K\\nIt was Washington s habit dur-\\ning the war, as soon as he had\\nsettled himself in his winter quar-\\nters, to send for Mrs. Washington to join him; and\\naccordingly she came to Morristown very soon after\\nhis first arrival there. Men and officers were always\\ndelighted when the wife of the commander in chief\\ncame down to live among them, and they welcomed\\nthe sight of the carriage drawn by four horses, with\\nthe postilions and grooms dressed in Washington s\\nown livery of scarlet and white. On this occasion,\\nWashington went some distance to meet his wife, and\\nwaited in a little vilUiire until she should arrive.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "i6y\\nWhen the lady at the house where he was stopping\\nsaw the grand carriage drive up, she was i)rcpared to\\nbehold an illustrious personage alight from it, and she\\nwas somewhat surprised when she saw a very plainly\\ndressed, quiet lady step down from the high coach.\\nShe thought there surely must be some mistake but\\nwhen she saw the courteous affection with which the\\ngrand gentleman in the fine uniform and cocked hat\\ngreeted this plainly dressed lady, she knew that she\\nhad made no mistake.\\nThere was no ostentation or superciliousness about\\nMrs. Washington. She was hospitable and kind, and\\nshe put on no airs because she was a great lady from\\nVirginia, and because she was the wife of the com-\\nmander in chief of the army. The story is told, that,\\nsoon after her arrival, some ladies of the town went to\\npay their respects to her, and as they were going\\nto visit the first lady of the land, they thought that\\nthey should dress themselves in their finest clothes.\\nArrayed in silks, satins, and ruffles, they were shown\\ninto the presence of Mrs. Washington, and were utterly\\namazed to find her wearing a striped homespun apron,\\nand busily engaged in knitting stockings. She re-\\nceived them, however, with as much dignity and\\ncourtesy as if she had had a crown on her head and\\na scepter in her hand and in the course of conver-\\nsation she said that it was the duty of every one to\\ntry to do without the things which they were obliged\\nto buy from foreign countries, and to make for tlu in-\\nselves, as far as po.s.sible, what they needed; ami that,\\nwhile their husbands and brothers were fighting in the", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "1 68\\nfield, she thought that they should do what they could\\nat home to help the great cause.\\nMrs. Washington entertained the ladies with accounts\\nof her life at home. She said that in her house there\\nwere always sixteen spinning wheels at work. She\\nshowed them two morning dresses which had been\\nmade in her house from ravelings of old satin chair\\ncovers. But Mrs. Washington was not at all averse\\nto cheerfulness and good company, and in that year\\nthere were many dances and parties in Morristown,\\nwhich kept the place quite gay.\\nTwo years afterwards, Washington and his army\\nwintered at Middlebrook, in Somerset County. Here\\nthe army had a comparatively comfortable time, for\\nthe weather was mild, without much snow or frost\\nand this, after the terrible sufferings which they had\\nhad at Valley Forge the winter before, was very well\\ncalculated to put men as well as officers in a cheerful\\nstate of mind. It is true that the difficulties of obtain-\\ning provisions were in some ways greater than they had\\nbeen before; for the Continental nionew with which\\nall supplies were paid for, was depreciating so rapidly\\nthat now thirty or forty dollars of it were barely equal\\nto one silver dollar, and the countr\\\\- people very much\\ndisliked to take it. Hut the army had just achie\\\\-ed\\nsome important victories, and there was a feeling in\\nmany circles that it would not be long before the war\\nwould end and with this belief in the minds of many,\\nand willi the general satisfaction in tlie mild and pleas-\\nant weather, it is no wonder that there were some good\\ntimes in the army during that winter at Middlebrook.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "169\\nGeneral Washington always liked to have company\\nat dinner, for he was very hospitable, and, besides\\nthis, he considered it his duty to become acquainted\\nwith his ofificers and with the people of the neighbor-\\nhood and sometimes as many as thirty persons sat\\ndown at the table. Even if the various articles of\\nfood were not of the finest quality, they were well\\ncooked and well served. While in Middlebrook, Wash-\\nington desired a dinner service of white queen .are,\\nand he wrote to Philadelphia to obtain it. Among the\\narticles he mentioned in his order were eight dozen\\nshallow plates and three dozen soup plates, which\\ngives an idea of the size of his dinner parties. But,\\nalthough Philadelphia was searched from one end to\\nthe other, no queen s-warc of the kind could be found,\\nand at last W^ashington was told that he could get\\nwhat he wanted in New l^runswick, and there he\\nbought his queen s-ware.\\nAmong other things which he ordered at that time\\nwere six tolerably genteel but not expensive candle-\\nsticks and he also wrote for a new hat, stating. I\\ndo not wish by any means to be in the extreme of\\nfashion, either in the size or manner of cocking it.\\nAt these dinners there was a good deal of state\\nand ceremony, although the heads of the family were\\nvery courteous and attentive to their guests. As this\\nwas a military establishment, everything was done\\npromptly and according tn rule. Washington never\\nwaited longer than live minutes for any guest who\\nwas late. When such a person did arrive after the\\ncompany had seated themselves at the table, he would", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "I/O\\nalways try to put him at his case by some pleasant\\nremark, sometimes saying that he had a cook who\\nnever asks whether the company has come, but\\nwhether the hour has come.\\nDuring this winter a great entertainment was given\\nby General Knox and some other officers, and it was\\nsaid to be the finest thing of\\nthe kind ever seen in that\\npart of the State. It may\\nbe thought, and probably\\nthere were people who\\nthought it then, that at\\na lime when money was\\nso much needed, and\\nprovisions were so hard\\nto get, a great and expen-\\nsive festival like this was\\nMim extravagant and out of place\\nbut it is likely that the gayety\\nof that great day had a good\\nand encouraging effect upon the\\narmy as well as the people of\\nthe country. They knew why\\nthe day had been celebrated, and\\nbecause ol the general rejoicings thev belioxeil there\\nwas reason to rejoice and when i)eo|ile beHe\\\\e that\\nthere is a good thing coming, they are much more\\nready to fight for it than if they had no such belief.\\nBill il is nol of these two winters that our story\\nhas to deal it is with the second encampment at\\nMorristown, during the cold, the snow, and the icy", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "171\\nfrosts of 1779-S0. At this time, General and Mrs.\\nWashington lived in the handsome house which is now\\nknown as Washington s Headquarters, and has been\\npreserved in the same condition as it was in those\\nRevolutionary days. In this fine old mansion, General\\nWashington and his wife kept up their hospitable\\ncustoms and at their table were seen such men as\\nAlexander Hamilton, General Greene, Baron Steuben,\\nKosciusko, Pulaski, Light Horse Harry Lee, Israel\\nPutnam, Mad Anthony Wayne, and Benedict Arnold.\\nThere also came to Morristown the minister from\\nFrance (the Chevalier de la Luzerne) and an envoy\\nfrom Spain (Don Juan de Mirailles). These two dis-\\ntinguished foreigners were received with great honor.\\nAn escort was sent out to meet them there was a\\ngrand review of the troops, in which Washington and\\nhis generals, together with the Frenchman and the\\nSpaniard, appeared on the field, splendidly mounted\\nwhile on the grand reviewing stand was the governor\\nof the State and a great many citizens and distin-\\nguished people. After a salute of thirteen cannon, the\\nparading army went through its evolutions, and in the\\nevening there was a grand ball.\\nBut one of the guests to whom these honors were\\ngiven did not appear at the ball. The Spanish envoy\\nwas taken sick, and a few days afterwards died at\\nthe headquarters. He was buried with great pomp\\nand ceremony. The funeral procession was a mile\\nlong, and attended by Washington and all his officers.\\nMinute guns boomed as the procession passed from\\nthe headquarters to the gravcvard at iIil- h.ick of the", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "172\\nFirst Presbyterian Church, and people came from all\\nparts of the surround ini; country to view the great\\nprocession.\\nThe funeral services were conducted by a Spanish\\npriest with the impressive rites of the Catholic Church\\nand after a military salute had been fired over the\\ngrave, sentinels were placed to guard it, for\\nIf the Spanish nobleman was buried in full\\nregalia. A gold watch studded with\\ndiamonds was in his pocket\\nr wsiMt);- diamonds were on his fin-\\nW\\ngers; and valuable seals\\nwere attached to his\\nwatchguard.\\nThere was not so\\nvfe:i\u00c2\u00ab m u c h f e a r a 1 1 h i s\\ntime of an at-\\ntack from the\\nenemy as there\\nhad been during\\nthe ju cvious winter,\\nwhen Washington was\\nat Morristown. Now, there were only\\nfour guards at the headquarters, two\\nat the front of the house, and two at tlie back. Hut\\nthe most careful preparations were made in case the\\nenemy should show itself, and now and then a false\\nalarm showed the perfection of the discipline which\\nwas maintained.\\nOn such occasions a shot would be heard from\\none of the most distant outposts, then a sentinel near\\nSCLH-", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "173\\nthe town would fire, and so on until a report would\\nbe heard by the sentinels at the headquarters, who\\nwould fire their guns then there were the guns in\\nMorristown, and so on out to the camp, and very soon\\na detachment would hurry into the town at a quick-\\nstep. But before they reached the place, the life guard\\nencamped near the headquarters would rush to the\\nhouse, enter the lower story, and barricade the doors\\nand five men at each window, with muskets loaded and\\nready to fire, would await the approach of the enemy.\\nBut although no British soldiers ever reached\\nMorristown, there was good reason for all the pre-\\ncautions taken. Besides the frequent attempts which\\nwere made by large bodies of the Redcoats to penetrate\\nto the region occupied by Washington s army, there\\nwere small expeditions even more dangerous. One of\\nthese consisted of a party of picked British cavalry-\\nmen, who started from their camji near New York,\\nby way of Elizabethtown, for the express purpose of\\ncapturing General Washington. They advanced in the\\ndirection of Morristown until they reached Chatham,\\nabout six miles distant, and there being overtaken by\\na terrible storm, and finding so many difficulties ahead\\nof them they gave up their project.\\nOutside of Morristown, on a higli liill which stretches\\naway to the southwest, the American army was en-\\ncamped during this winter. Among these men we\\ncan scarcely believe there were many festivities or\\nmerrymakings. In fact, the sufferings and privations\\nof the common soldiers at this time were very great,\\nand even the table of the commander in chief was", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "174\\nsometimes furnished with the plainest of food. In a\\nletter written by Washington at this time, he says,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2We have had the virtue and patience of the army put to the\\nseverest trial. Sometimes it has been five or six da\\\\-s together\\nwithout bread at other times as many days without meat and\\nonce or twice, two or tliree days without either. I hardly thought\\nit possible, at one period, tliat we should be able to keep it together,\\nnor could it have been done, but for the exertions of the magistrates\\nin the several counties of this state [Jersey], on whom 1 was obliged\\nto call, expose our situation to them, and in plain terms declare that\\nwe were reduced to the alternative of disbanding or catering for\\nourselves, unless the inhabitants would afford us their aid. I allotted\\nto each county a certain proportion of flour or grain, and a certain\\nnumber of cattle, to be delivered on certain days and for the honor\\nof the magistrates, and the good disposition of the people, I must\\nadd that my requisitions were punctually complied with, and in\\nmany counties exceeded. Nothing but this great exertion could\\nhave saved the army from dissolution or starving, as we were bereft\\nof every hope from the commissaries. At one time the soldiers ate\\nevery kind of horse food but hay. Buckwlieat, common wheat, rve,\\nand Indian corn composed the meal which made their bread. As\\nan army, they bore it with the most heroic patience but sufferings\\nlike these, accompanied by the want of clothes, blankets, etc., will\\nproduce frequent desertions in all armies and so it happened with\\nus, though it did not excite a single mutiny.\\nAt this time, various circidars and printed bills were\\nsent to the American army from the British, urging\\nthe men to fly from all tiieir hardships and miseries,\\nand join the English force, w here thev would be re-\\nceived, and furnished with everv comfort. In this\\ncondition of things it was ver\\\\ im])ortant to kee]) the\\nAmerican soldiers, cold, hungrw and idle, from think-\\ning too much of lluir troubles. Washington coidd not\\ngi\\\\e them balls, nor invite them to dine biit he wisely\\nconsidei ed that the be.^t thini: he coidd Liive them", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "175\\nwas occupation, a most wonderful medicine for dis-\\ncontent. He therefore determined to build a fort upon\\nthe summit of the hill where the camp was situated.\\nHis engineers therefore planned a large fortification\\nmade up of earthworks and on this the men were put\\nto work, as if it had been expected that the enemy\\nwould soon arrive, and take the place. The desire to\\nput their camj) in a condition of defense, and the\\nanimation of steady labor, were of as much adxantage\\nto the spirits of the soldiers as bread and meat would\\nbe to their bodies and, from sitting in idle groups\\nabout their camp fires and huts, they worked on the\\nnew inlrcnchments, ramparts, and redoubts with cheer-\\nful ei.ergy.\\nEverything was done exactly as if the new fort\\nwere soon to be called upon to protect the town, which\\nstretched itself beneath the hill and the engineers and\\nofficers were as careful in making plans and giving\\ndirections as if they had been building a fort at the\\nentrance of New York Bay.\\nIt was never expected that the fort would be at-\\ntacked, and it was never supposed, that, if the British\\nshould come this way, the battle would be fought in\\nor about the town but the building of the fort was\\nhonestly intended for the defense and protection of\\nthe troops, not against muskets, cannon, and bayonets,\\nbut against discontent and desj^air, enemies far more\\nformidable to the suffering arm\\\\ of lliat dav tlian\\nBritish troops and Hessians.\\nThe result was a good one Washington s army at\\nMorristown stood by him as long as he staid there;", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "176\\nand when they marched away, they left upon the top\\nof that hill a monument to the wisdom, the kindness,\\nand the knowledge of human nature, displayed by their\\ngreat commander in chief in those hazardous days.\\nWe do not know what this earthwork was first\\ncalled but in time it came to be known as Fort Non-\\nsense, simply because it appeared to the ordinary man\\nas a great piece of work undertaken without any good\\npurpose. But never was a name more inapplicable.\\nIf it had been called Fort Good Sense, it would have\\nbeen much more suitable.\\nThe remains of this fort are still to be seen on the\\nhill beyond Morristown and a monumental stone has\\nbeen set up there to mark its site, and explain its\\nnature and purpose. Most of its ramparts and re-\\ndoubts have been washed away by the storms of more\\nthan a century, and we can still jKTceive many of its\\noutlines but those skilled in the art of military fortifi-\\ncation know that it was a good fortress, while stu-\\ndents of human nature and of the influence of great\\nminds ujK)n the welfare of their fellow-beings, know\\nthat it acted an important part in the defense of our\\nliberties and the establishment of our government.\\nIt may be remarked that in this stor\\\\ we have said\\na good deal about other things, and very little about\\nFort Nonsense. But there is very little of Fort Non-\\nsense, and not much to say about it and what has\\nbeen told was the story of the camji life oi Washing-\\nton and his army in New Jersey, the most jK-rmanent\\nand suggestive point of which is the earthwork called\\nFort Nonsense.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "AN AMERICAN LORD.\\nAMONG the princi])al men of colonial clays and of\\nRevolutionary times, there were many whose\\nsocial positions were much the same as the station of\\nthe ordinary European aristocrat. From their ances-\\ntors the colonists had inherited the disposition to\\nrecognize differences in rank and men of wealth and\\nhigh position in the colonial government were re-\\ngarded to a certain extent as members of the nobility\\nare regarded in LLngland. Before the Declaration of\\nIndependence, it was not even assumed in this country\\nthat all men are born equal.\\nBut, although there were native-born personages in\\nthe Colonies who might well be termed aristocrats, their\\ntitles were political or military and an American lord\\nwas, as he would be now, something entirely out of\\nthe common.\\nBut in those days there was an American lord and\\na very good American he was, in spite of his being\\na lord. This was William Alexander, known as Lord\\nStirling. He was born in New York, of Scotch\\nj)arents. When he was quite a young man, he went\\ninto military life, and served in the British colonial\\narmy in the French War. In the campaigns in which\\nSTO. UK N.J. 12 177", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "178\\nhe served, he gained the military education which was\\nafterwards of the greatest advantage, not only to him,\\nbut to the country.\\nThere was no British heir to the earldom of Stir-\\nhng, a Scotch peerage and, as he believed that he\\nwas a direct descendant of the hist Lord StirHng,\\nthe young man w^ent to England, and laid claim to the\\nestate and title. He was successful in proving his\\ndirect descent from the earls of Stirling; but the House\\nof Lords, who gave the final decision in the case,\\nwould not allow his claim. Even if the law had\\npermitted his claim, it is not likely that the British\\nHouse of Lords would have been an.xious to welcome\\ninto the peerage an American-born person.\\nBut although he got nothing more, he really ob-\\ntained his title, and he was known then, as he is\\nknown in history, as Lord Stirling. He was a man of\\nwealth, and must have had a very good time in Eng-\\nland, for he studied well the manners and customs of\\nthe nobilit} and as his own habits and tastes were\\nthose which he observed in the great houses of Eng-\\nland, he here received a social education which had\\na great effect upon his future career.\\nHe was also the means of educating some of the\\ninhabitants of (ireat Britain, and the way in which he\\n(lid it is shown 1)\\\\- a little incident which occurred\\nwIku he was \\\\isiting Scotland. lie was invited to\\ndine at the house of a gentleman, who informed his\\nwife that an American was coming to taki dinner with\\nthem. It is to be presumed that this announcement\\nhad about the same effect upon hci as w niltl now be", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "179\\nproduced if an American gentleman should inform\\nhis family that a chief from Madagascar was to dine\\nwith them.\\nThe Scotch lady, no doubt, expected to see a copper-\\ncolored brave, in war paint and feathers, with toma-\\nhawk, and bows and arrows, and perha[)s a few scalps\\nhanging- from his belt. Probably she had busied herself\\ndevising a dinner which would suit a savage who was\\na native of that far-awa)- land of America, and hoped\\nshe might give him something which would compen-\\nsate him for the loss of a cannibal repast; but when\\nshe beheld the handsome young gentleman who came\\ninto the house with her husband, she could not repress\\nher astonishment, and exclaimed, Bless my soul\\nThe animal is white. Ignorance of foreign countries\\nwas at that time not uncommon in Great Britain.\\nAlthough born in Xew ork. Lord Stirling estab-\\nlished himself in New Jersey, and it was in connec-\\ntion with this State that he was afterwarc.s generally\\nknown. His father had owned a large tract of land\\nat Basking Ridge, a beautifully situated town not far\\nfrom Morristown and here Lf)rd Stirling built him-\\nself a stately mansion with fme gardens, and a great\\npark in which were herds of deer. It was built in\\nthe fashion of the lordly country seats of England,\\naround a courtyard paved with flagstones, and con-\\ntained grand halls and stately apartments beautifully\\nornamented and furnished. The barns and outbuild-\\nings were grand, like the mansion itself, with cu]-)olas\\nand gilded vanes, and altogether the establishment\\nwas imposing and bi ;iutifnl.", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "i8o\\nThis young man had brought\\nith him from luiglancl servants,\\nbutlers, valets, hairdressers, and\\na great many fine horses, and\\ncarriages with arms emblazoned\\nupon their inmels. He i\\nlived in grand state, and his\\nhouse was generally filled with\\nguests for the best people of\\nthe country were glad to visit\\nthis beautiful home, where the\\nbest of company and the freest\\nhospitality were always to be\\nfound. The lord of the\\nmanor was an affable\\nand courteous gentle-\\nman, and the writers of \\\\J^\\nthose da)s have given\\nglowing accounts of the\\ngracious Ladv Stirling and\\nher ehanuing daughter, Lad\\\\ Kitty.\\nHut notwithstanding the fact that lie felt as a lord\\nand li\\\\ed as a lord, this grand gentleman never lorgot\\ne m^", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "i8i\\nthat he was not only a lord, but an y\\\\mcrican and\\nwhen the Colonies bei^an to assert their claim to inde-\\npendence, Lord Stirling promptly showed his colors\\non the patriotic side. He commanded the first body\\nof troops raised in New Jersey in the colonial days,\\nand he very soon became one of the most prominent\\nofficers in the Revolutionary army.\\nAfter he was made general, he distinguished him-\\nself at the battle of Long Island, wliere he performed\\nsome daring feats. The odds were greatly against the\\nAmericans on that occasion, and, in order to secure\\nthe retreat of the main j^art of his command, Lord\\nStirling took four hundred men, and made a bold\\nattack upon a house that was occui)ied by the British\\ngenera], Cornwallis. During the des})erate fight which\\nfollowed, in which his little force was far outnumbered\\nby the enem\\\\ his connnand made a successful retreat,\\nbut he himself was captured, and afterwards impris-\\noned on a war ship.\\nBut he did not stay there long. Washington could\\nnot do without the services of this man, who was not\\nonly a most earnest j^atriot, but an educated and effi-\\ncient soldier and, as the y\\\\mericans held several\\nI^nglish officers as prisoners of war, one of them was\\nexchanged, with the least possible delay, for Lord\\nStirling.\\nOne of the earliest and most daring e\\\\|)loits of this\\nbrave soldier was the capture, by an infantry force,\\nof an armed iJiitish ship which was on its wa\\\\ t(\\nBoston with stores and sui)|)lies fur the l !iiglish army\\nthere.", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "l82\\nThis vessel, which was called the Blue Mountain\\nValley, had met with rough weather, and, having been\\nbadly damaged, was lying off Sandy Hook, waiting\\nfor assistance from two British men-of-war then in\\nNew York Harbor.\\nBut Lord Stirling, who was stationed not far from\\nthe coast, and to whom the situation of the vessel\\nbecame known, determined that, if possible, he would\\nget to this valuable storeship before the enemv s men-\\nof-war could reach her. So, with a number of the\\nregular soldiers under his command, and some volun-\\nteers from the neighborhood, he ]:)Ut out to sea in\\nsome small craft, one of them a i)ilot boat. The\\nEnglish vessel had for her defense six guns, and was\\nwhat is called an armed transport, but Stirling s men\\ncarried only ordinary muskets. However, they boldly\\nattacked the vessel, and bearing down upon her as if\\nshe had been a column of infantry, iii sjiite of the\\ncannon and guns of the crew, captured her.\\nAs soon as this victory had been won. Lord Stirling\\nhad all sails set; and the Blue Mountain Valle)\\nwaited no longer for the men-of-war to come to her\\nassistance, but sailed away for Berth .\\\\mboy, which\\nwas in possession of the Americans. Here she was\\ntound to be a most valuable prize, although Lord\\nStirling was sorry, as he afterwards stated when he\\nmade his report to Congress, that her cargo was not\\narms, instead of coal and proxisions.\\nLord Stirling fought well in the battles oi New\\nJersey. /\\\\t Mduiuouth he especial]\\\\ distiiiguishetl him-\\nself by ttie wav in whicii he uKinaged liie artillery", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "i83\\nwhich was under his command and it is said that the\\nenemy were amazed to find batteries so splendidly\\nhandled in the ranks of the Americans, who were not\\nsupposed by most British officers to be possessed of\\ngreat military ability, although the erroneousncss of\\nthis supposition was gradually impressed upon their\\nminds as the war went on.\\nOur nobleman, however, had given another proof of\\nhis ability to adapt himself to military circumstances.\\nWhen Washington and his army were wintered at\\nMorristown, there was an evident desire among\\nthe British commanders to attack him at that place,\\nand there was constant danger of an advance from the\\nforces about New York. Lord Stirling was with the\\ntroops under General Greene, defending the principal\\napproaches to Morristown on the east, and he very\\noften had fights and skirmishes with l^ritish detach-\\nments sent out to reconnoiter the country, or to break\\ninto the American lines.\\nAt one time a very large force, led by Clinton,\\nadvanced towards Morristown and this was believed\\nto be a serious c^nd determined attempt to attack\\nWashington, whose army was in a pretty bad plight,\\nand not at all prepared to fight large bodies of well-\\napi^ointed troo])s. Loid Stirling, with the other officers\\nof the regular army, aided by forces of militiamen\\ngreatly e.xcited by atrocities which had been committed\\nby the British troops in the neighborhood, made a\\ndetermined stand in the region of the Short Mills.\\nand a battle was fought near Springfield. Although\\nthe American forces were not able to defeat the", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "1 84\\nBritish, they so harassed them, placing themselves in\\nall the passes through which it was necessary to ad-\\nvance, that at last the Redcoats gave up the attempt\\nto reach Morristown, and retired to Elizabeth.\\nThroughout the war, this gentleman with the grand\\nhouse, the park, the deer, the splendid carriages, the\\nbutlers, and the hairdressers, fought as earnestly and as\\npatriotically as if he had been a sturdy farmer who\\nhad left his cornfield for the battlefield, with an old\\nblunderbuss over his shoulder. Not only was he a\\ngood soldier, but he was a trustworthy friend 1 1 the\\ncause of the Colonies and to General Washington and\\nit is said that it was through his means that the con-\\nspiracy among some of the officers of the army against\\nGeneral Washington, of whom they were jealous, was\\ndiscovered and broken uj).\\nOfficers of the army w^ere frequently quartered at\\nhis house at Basking Ridge, where they found most\\ndelightful company and in every way our American\\nlord did what he could for the cause and the people\\nwho were defending it. His title was generally rec-\\nognized and Washington, who was very particular in\\nregard to matters of rank and social propriety, always\\ncalled him my lord. He was said to be a fine-look-\\ning man in fact, he aiul Washington were of more\\nimposing and dignified appearance than any other\\nofficers of the American army.\\nOf course, a.s he was a very notable jkm-sou among\\nthe Continental officers, the British were very anxious\\nto capture him. In i/.Si, when he was in command\\nof the Northern Department at Albany, this design", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0192.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "i85\\nof the enemy came very near liein^ carried out, but\\nwas frustrated by the faithful services of one of those\\ngood women who were continually turning up in colo-\\nnial history. A servant girl in the family of a house\\nnear Albany, where Lord Stirling was staying, had\\nbeen visiting her parents during the day, and had there\\nheard a plot of the Tories of the neighborhood to cap-\\nture Lord Stirling. Being of a patriotic disposition, she\\ntold her mistress of the jjlot as soon as she got home\\nand when in the night a large body of the enemy came\\nto the house, they were met with a surprise.\\nLord Stirling had not gone out of town without\\ntaking with him a guard oi dragoons; and these men,\\ninstead of being quartered at a distance, as the Tories\\nevidently supposed they would be, had all been brought\\ninto the house and when the attack was made in the\\nnight, the bullets and jjistol balls which whizzed and\\nwhistled from that ordinarily peaceful mansion aston-\\nished the Tories, who fled.\\nBut although Lord Stirling did so much for Ameri-\\ncan independence, he did not live to enjoy the fruits\\nof it, for he died in Albany, while still in command of\\nthe Northern Department. After his death, the estate\\nat Basking Ridge was sold, and payment for it was\\nmade in Continental money, which afterwards became\\nof almost no value so that for this fine property, it\\nmight be said, his family received nothing but a pile of\\nbadly printed paper. The mansion and the deer park\\nand the emblazoned carriages are gone and ff)rgotten\\nbut the brave sf)ldier, who gave uj) all the pleasures of\\na lordly position for his country, will live in history.", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0193.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "MOLLY PITCHER.\\nA\\nT the battle of Monmouth,\\nwhere Lord Stirling so\\ndistinguished himself for the\\nmanagement of the artillery,\\nanother person of an entirely\\ndifferent station in life, of dif-\\nferent nationality, and even\\ndifferent sex, played a very\\nnotable ]Kirt in the working of\\nthe American cannon on that\\neventful da)\\nThis was a young Irish-\\nwoman, wife of an artillery-\\nman. She was of a different\\ndisposition from ordinary\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2,A women, who are glad enough\\nto hide themselves in places\\nof safety, if there is any fighting going on in their\\nneighborhood. Molly was born with the soid of a\\nsoldier, and, although she did not belong to the army,\\nshe nuich preferred going to war to staging at home\\nand attending to domestic affairs. She was in the\\nhabit of following her husband on his various marches,\\niS6", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0194.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "i87\\nand on the day of the Monnioutli battle she was with\\nhim on the field.\\nThe day was very hot. The rays of the sun came\\ndown with such force that many of the soldiers were\\ntaken sick and some died and the constant discharges\\nof musketry and artillery did not make the air any\\ncooler. Molly devoted herself to keepin*.; her husband\\nas comfortable as possible, and she made frequent trips\\nto a spring not far away to bring him water and on\\nthis account he was one of the freshest and coolest\\nartillerymen on the ground. In fact, there was no\\nman belonging to the battery who was able to manage\\none of these great guns better than Pitcher.\\nReturning from one of her trips to the sjiring, Molly\\nhad almost reached the jilacc where her husband was\\nstationed, when a bullet from the enenn- struck the\\npoor man and stretched him dead, so that Molly had\\nno sooner caught sight of her husband than she saw\\nhim fall. She ran to the gun, but scarcely had reached\\nit before she heard one of the officers order the cannon\\nto be wheeled back out of the wa\\\\ saving that there\\nwas no one there who could serve it as it had been\\nserved.\\nNow Molly s eyes flashed tire. One might lia\\\\-e\\nthought that she would have been prostrated with\\ngrief at the loss of her husband, but, as we have said,\\nshe had within her the soul of a soldier. She had seen\\nher husband, who was the same to her as a comrade,\\nfall, and she was filled with an intense desire to\\navenge his death. She cried out to the officer not\\nto send the gun away, but to K-t her serve it; and,", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0195.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "i88\\nscarcely waiting to hear what he would say, she sprang\\nto the cannon, and began to load it and fire it. She\\nhad so often attended her husband, and even helped\\nhim in his work, that she knew all about this sort of\\nthing, and her gun was managed well and rapidly.\\nIt might be supposed that it would be a very strange\\nthing to see a woman on the battlefield firing a cannon\\nbut even if the enemy had watched Molly with a spy-\\nglass, they would not have noticed anything to excite\\ntheir surprise. She wore an ordinary skirt, like other\\nwomen of the time but over this was an artillery-\\nman s coat, and on her head was a cocked hat with\\nsome jaunty feathers stuck in it, so that she looked\\nalmost as much like a man as the rest of the soldiers\\nof the battery.\\nDuring the rest of the battle, Molly bravely served\\nher gun and if she did as much execution in the\\nranks of the Redcoats as she wanted to do, the loss in\\nthe regiments in front of her must have been very\\ngreat. Of course, all the men in the battery knew\\nMolly Pitcher, and they watchetl her with the greatest\\ninterest and admiration. She would not allow any\\none to take her jilace, but kept on loading and firing\\nuntil the work of the day was done. Then the officers\\nand men crowded about her with congratulations anil\\npraise.\\nThe ne.xt day General (ireene went to Molly,\\nwhom he found in very much the condition in which\\nshe had left the batllelicUl, stained with dirt and pow-\\nder, with her fine feathers gone ami her cocked hat\\ndilajiidati d, and conducted her, just as she was, to", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0196.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "1 89\\nGeneral Washington. When the commander in chief\\nheard what she had done, he gave her warm words\\nof praise. He determined to bestow upon her a sub-\\nstantial reward for any one who was brave enough\\nand able enough to step in and fill an imjjortant place,\\nas Molly had filled her husband s place, certainly de-\\nserved a reward. It was not according to the rules of\\nwar to give a commission to a woman but, as Molly\\nhad acted the part of a man, Washington considered\\nit right to pay her for her services as if she had been\\na man. He therefore gave her the commission of a\\nsergeant, and recommended that her name be placed\\non the list of half-pay officers for life.\\nEvery one in the army soon came to hear of the\\nexploit of Molly Pitcher, and it was not long before\\nshe Avas called Captain Molly. The officers of the\\nFrench regiment on the American side were particu-\\nlarly pleased with this act of heroism in a woman,\\nand invited Molly to review their troops and as she\\nwalked down the long line of soldiers, nearly every\\nman put a piece of money in the cocked hat which\\nshe held in her hand.\\nThis was the last battlefield on which Moll) Pitcher\\nappeared, but it had not been her first. Not long\\nbefore, she had been with her husband in P^)rt Clinton\\nwhen it was attacked by a very large force of the Brit-\\nish. After a vigorous defense, the Americans found\\nthat it was impossible to defend the fort, and a retreat\\nwas ordered. As the soldiers were rushing out of\\nthe rear of the fort, Molly s husband turned away\\nfrom his gun, threw down his match, a piece of", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0197.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "190\\nrope soaked in combustible substances, and slowlv burn-\\ning at one end, which was used in those days for\\ndischarging cannon, and ran for his life. Molly\\nprepared to follow him but as she saw the glowing\\nmatch on the ground, and knew that her husband s\\ngun was loaded, she could not resist the desire to take\\none more crack at the enemy. So she stopped for an\\ninstant, ^r\u00c2\u00abr-.^*ai\u00c2\u00abk:^Birj^BB\u00c2\u00bb\u00c2\u00bb^\u00c2\u00bb^i*--*^Ai\\npicked up\\nthe match,\\ntouched off the\\ngun, and dashed\\naway after her hus1):ind.\\nThe cannon which then blazed out in the face of the\\nadvancing British was the last gun which the Ameri-\\ncans lired in Fort Clinton.\\nMoUv did not meet with the rewaril which was ac-\\ncorded s(i many other Jersey women who were of\\nbenefu to their State and country. She died not long", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0198.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "191\\nafter the close of the war; and if she had known that\\nshe was to be famous as one of the heroes of the\\nRevolution, there is no doubt that she would have\\nhoped that people would be careful to remember that\\nit was a man s service that she did to the countrx and\\nnot a woman s.\\nBut Caj^tain Molly was not the only Jersey woman\\nwho was willing to act a man s part in the War for\\nIndependence. Among those of whom there is his-\\ntorical mention was Mrs. Jinnie VVagium, w ho lived\\nnear Trenton. At the time when Washington was\\narranging to march uj)on Princeton, she was visiting\\nher friend, whose husband was the landlord of The\\nTrue American Inn, just out of Trenton and this\\ntavern w^as Washington s headquarters at the time.\\nIn this way Mrs. Jinnie heard of the intended advance;\\nand she also heard that there was no one in the .Amer-\\nican forces who knew the country well enough to con-\\nduct the army from Trenton to Princeton by any route\\nexcept the highways, on which the advance would be\\nobserved by the enemy.\\nShe therefore sent word to Washington that she\\nwould guide the army if he wished, and that there\\nwas no one who knew the countr\\\\- better than she\\ndid. Washington was a man who had sense enough\\nto avail himself of good service whenever it was\\noffered; and when he had made incpiiries about Mrs.\\nWaglum, he was ])erfectl\\\\ willing to put his arnu un-\\nder her guidance, and very glad indeetl tlial she had\\noffered her services.\\nWhen a woman acts the part of a man, it is not", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0199.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "192\\nsurprising that she likes to look like a man so Mrs.\\nJinnie put on a soldier s eoat and a soldier s hat, and,\\nmounting a horse, she headed the Continental army,\\ncommanded by Washington. This was a proud posi-\\ntion, but she was equal to it and on she rode, with\\nall the cavalry and the infantry and the artillery and\\nthe general and staff following behind her. She took\\nthem along by Sand Town and Quaker Bridge, by\\nroads over which she had often traveled and the\\nAmerican army reached Princeton in good time for\\nthe battle which took place next day.\\nC-^i", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0200.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "THE MORRISTOWN GHOSTS.\\nIX the early days of American history there was in\\nNew Jersey, as well as in New England and other\\nparts of the country, a firm belief in the existence of\\nwitches and ghosts. Of course, there were people who\\nknew enough not to put faith in supernatural appari-\\ntions and magical power but there were so many who\\ndid believe in these things, that it was often unsafe,\\nor at least unpleasant, to be an ugly old woman, or a\\nyoung woman in not very good health, for it was be-\\nlieved that into such bodies the evil sjMrits delighted\\nto enter.\\nNearly all the older towns had their ghost stories,\\ntheir witch stories, and their traditions of hidden treas-\\nure, guarded by spirits of persons wlio had been mur-\\ndered, and buried with the gold in order that their\\nspirits might act as a charm to frighten away any-\\nbody who should presume to dig in those spots. In\\nBurlington were two great trees which were regarded\\nwith admiration and fear by many of the inhabitants.\\nOne was a large willow tree, which was called the\\nWitches Tree, around which these h()nil)lc si)irits\\nwere supposed to dance on many a wild night. An-\\nother was the Pirates* Tree, a great walnut, under\\nbio. OK N. J. 13 193", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0201.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "194\\nthe roots of which many of the inhabitants firmly be-\\nlieved that the famous Blackbeard and his band had\\nburied many pots of gold, silver, and precious stones\\nand these pots would have been dug up had it not\\nbeen for the fear that the s])irit of the savage pirate,\\nwho had been buried with the treasure, would have\\nbeen the first thing to meet the eyes of the sacri-\\nlegious disturber of the pirate treasure vault.\\nThere are other ghost stories of other places in\\nNew Jersey but Morristown, some years after the\\nclose of the Revolution, took the lead of all the other\\nJersey towns as a scene of ghostly performances.\\nFor years back many of the people had been con-\\nvinced that an occasional witch had appeared among\\nthem, getting into the churns and preventing the but-\\nter from coming, breaking the legs of sheep in jump-\\ning over the fence, causing their horses to become\\nsuddenly mysteriously sick, and making themselves\\nobnoxious in various ways. But it was not until the\\nyear 1788 that New Jersey ghosts determined to go\\nregularly into business at this place.\\nSupernatural occurrences of this period attracted a\\ngreat deal of attention, not only in the town itself,\\nbut in the surrounding country and an account of\\nwhat happened in Morristown during the time that\\nthe spirits were holding their visitations at that place\\nis related in an old pamphlet published in 1792, writ-\\nten by an anonymous jierson who had no faith what-\\never in ghosts, but wlio had a firm belief in the\\nefficacy of long words and comjilicated phraseology.\\nWe will take the story from this old pamphlet.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0202.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "195\\nFor a lorij^ time there had been a tradition that a\\nvast treasure was buried on Schooley s Mountain, or,\\nas it was then spelled, Schooler s Mountain, which was\\nat that time a wild and desolate region more than\\ntwenty miles from Morristown. It is said that there\\nwere two gentlemen of the place who were particu-\\nlarly strong in their belief in this treasure, and they\\nfelt sure that all that was necessary in order to ob-\\ntain it was to find some man who had knowledge of\\nthe habits and customs and requirements of the spirits\\nin regard to treasures. Having their minds on this\\nsubject, it was not long before they heard of such a\\nman. This was Mr. Ransford Rogers, a schoolmaster\\nin Connecticut, who knew many things, and who pre-\\ntended to know many more. He really did understand\\nsomething about chemistry, was very ingenious and\\nplausible, and had been frequently heard to say that\\nhe was not afraid of spirits, and was able to call them\\nup, converse with them, and afterwards cause them to\\ndisappear. This was exactly the man needed by the\\ntwo gentlemen of Morristown, and they went to Con-\\nnecticut to see him.\\nWhen the business of the visitors was made known\\nto Rogers, he was delighted, for here was an opjior-\\ntunity to get into a good business, which would proba-\\nbly be infinitely more j^leasant than teaching. So he\\ngave up his school and came to Morristown, being\\nunder contract to the two gentlemen to do what he\\ncould to induce the sjiirits to reveal the j^lace of the\\nconcealed treasure in Schooley s Mountain. Hut as it\\nwould not do for a stranger to come into the town", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0203.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "196\\nand hang out a sign, stating that he was a spirit raiser,\\nit was necessary for Rogers to pretend that he had\\ncome on other business, and so he took charge of a\\nsmall school outside of the town, but gave the greater\\npart of his time to investigating the minds of the peo-\\nple of Morristown, in order that he might find out\\nwhat he could do in the way of duping them and in\\nthe words of the old writer, he found that this would\\nbe a good place for the marvelous exhibitions which\\nhe was able to facilitate with the greatest alacrity.\\nOf course, he was not at all willing to begin business\\nwith the support of only two persons, and the first thing\\nhe did was to gather together as many men as possi-\\nble who really wished to be rich, and who were will-\\ning to be governed by him in regard to the way in\\nwhich they should go about obtaining the vast hoard\\nburied far away in the mountain. After a time he\\nsucceeded in getting together as many as forty men,\\nwho all thoroughly believed in his honesty and in his\\nability to take them out to Schooley s Mountain, to\\ncall u]) the s])ii its wlio guarded the treasure, to induce\\nthem to turn it over to them, and then to vanish ]K ace-\\nabh without offering to molest or harm any one.\\nHut it was a long time before Rogers was ready to\\nlead his compauN on the great tjuest. There were\\nmany, many things that had to be done before they\\ncould start, and he soon found that he was not able\\nto work out his great scheme alone; so he went back\\nto Connecticut and got another sehoolmastei to whom\\nhe divulged his secret, and brought him to Morristown,\\nand the two together went into the spirit business with", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0204.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "197\\ngreat energy and enterprise. Night after night the\\ncompany of treasure seekers met together, sometimes\\nin a dark room, and sometimes out in the wild, lonely\\nfields, close to black forests, and out of sight and hear-\\ning of human abodes.\\nRogers was a chemist and he frequently went out\\nto one of these lonely meeting places in the afternoon\\nand prepared a mine, which he exploded during the\\nmidnight meetings, and thus created a great wonder\\nand terror among his followers. When they were in-\\ndoors, there would be knockings and strange voices\\nheard coming through the cracks these voices pro-\\nceeding from the other schoolmaster, who covered his\\nmouth with what the writer of the pamphlet calls\\na superficial machine, probably a bit of tin with a\\nhole in it, which so disguised his voice that it was not\\nrecognized.\\nWhen they were out of doors in the black night, they\\nwould sometimes see a ghost flit about under the trees\\nat the edge of the woods and the second schoolmas-\\nter, well wrapped up in a sheet, seems to have made\\nas good a ghost as could have been found anywhere.\\nThere were many supernatural performances, and\\namong them was a great act, in which each one of\\nthe members of the company lay flat on his face in\\nthe field with his eyes shut, holding in one out-\\nstretched hand a sheet of paper. This was done in\\nthe hope that the spirits would write their instruc-\\ntions on the pai)er. Mr. Rogers knelt down with the\\nothers and held his paper but it was not a blank\\nsheet like the others. When this performance was", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0205.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "198\\nover, all the papers were shaken together, and then\\nthey were drawn out one by one; and judge of the\\nsurprise and awe of all present, when one of them\\nwould contain some writing, generally in a beautiful\\nhand, such as could only be expected from a super-\\nnatural being (or a schoolmaster), which would be\\nfound to be instructions as to what must be done.\\n^e~^-~^\\nThe most important of these directions ordered that\\nbefore any march could be made toward Schooley s\\nMountain, or any definite directions gi\\\\-en in regard to\\nthe whereabouts of the treasure, each member should\\npay to the spirits, through Mr. Rogers, who would\\nkindly act as agent, the sum of twelve j)ountls. And,\\nmoreover, this must not be paid in the paper money then\\ncurrent in New Jersey, which was called loan money,\\nand which would not pass outside of the State, but in", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0206.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "199\\ngold or sih cr. When every meml^er had paid in his\\ntwelve pounds, then the party would be led to the\\nplace of the treasure.\\nWhen they found out what they had to do, each\\nman went to work to try, if possible, to raise the\\ntwelve pounds but Rogers soon saw that it would\\nbe impossible for some of them to do this, as specie\\nmoney was so hard to get, and he reduced the sum,\\nin some cases, to six or four pounds. He was a good\\nbusiness manager, and would not try to get out of a\\nman more than that man could pay.\\nNot one of the people engaged in this affair had\\nthe slightest idea tliat Rogers was deceiving them.\\nIt is not likely that any of them were people of much\\nculture or means and it is said that some of them\\nwent so far as to sell their cattle, and mortgage their\\nfarms, in order to get gold or silver to pay to the\\ngood schoolmaster who was generously acting as a\\nmutual friend to both parties. But what were these\\nsacrifices compared to the treasure they would obtain\\nwhen at last they should be permitted to dig up the\\nburied hoard on Schooley s Mountain\\nIt was now winter, and of course they could not\\nstart on the expedition in bad weather but meeting\\nafter meeting was held, and it was at last definitely\\npromised that the expedition should go forth from\\nMorristown early in May. On the first of that month,\\nthey all gathered at midnight in the lonely field, and\\nthere was a terrible scene. There were more fire-\\nworks and explosions than usual, and one of the\\nspirits appeared at the edge of the wood greatly ex-", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0207.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "200\\ncited, stamping his feet, and rushing about under the\\ntrees and when Rogers went to see what was the\\nmatter, for of course none of the others would dare\\nto speak to a spirit, he found that the supernatural\\nbeings with whom they had so long been in communi-\\ncation, and who were now scattered about in all parts\\nof the woods, were very angry and incensed because\\nthey had become aware that some of the party were\\nunfaithful, and had divulged the secrets which had\\nbeen made known to them. They were so thoroughly\\nindignant, in fact, that they refused to go on with the\\naffair for a time, and announced that the expedition\\nto Schooley s Mountain would be postponed until they\\nwere positively certain that every man who was to go\\nthere was the sort of man who would never let any-\\nbody into the awful, soul-dazzling secret which would\\nbe divulged. So they must all go home, and wait\\nuntil this important matter could be satisfactorily\\narranged.\\nStrange to say, they all did go home, and waited,\\nand not one of them susj^ected Rogers.\\nThe schoolmaster had obtained a good deal of\\nmoney, but he had not enough. So, in less than a\\nmontli, he started another company, this time a small\\none, and began to go through his performances with\\nthem. But he soon found he could not make much\\nmoney out of five men, and he began to get a little\\nbraver, and thought he would try what he could do\\nwith the better class of people in Morristown and,\\nhaving discovered that a very good ghost could be\\ncalled up by means of a white sheet and a superfi-", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0208.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "20I\\ncial machine, he dressed himself up one night, and\\nmade a supernatural call upon a gentleman in good\\nstanding in the church. When he had appeared at\\nthe bedside of this good man, he told him all about\\nthe treasure of Schooley s Mountain, and, if he wanted\\nsome of it, how he might obtain it.\\nThe gentleman, having never seen a ghost, sup-\\nposed, of course, that this was an authorized appari-\\ntion, and became greatly interested in what was told\\nhim. The next day, according to directions, he went\\naround among his friends in the church, and soon\\nformed a considerable company, who all believed, that,\\nif thev did what they were told to do, thev could go to\\nSchooley s Mountain and become immensely wealthy.\\nThey did a great many things that they were told\\nto do: they met in dark rooms, as the other party had\\nmet; they went out into a lonely field at midnight;\\nthey held out papers to be written on and, more than\\nthat, they conducted their meetings with prayer and\\nother solemnities. And they all j^romised to j:)ay twelve\\npounds in gold as an earnest of their good faith in\\nthe spirits, and to deliver the money to that great\\nmiracle worker, Mr. Rogers, who would remit it to\\nthe spirits.\\nThe schoolmaster found it necessary to be more mys-\\ntical and weird in his dealings with this second party\\nthan with the first. He did a great many strange\\nthings which savored of magic and alchemy. Among\\nother things, he got some fine bone dust, which he as-\\nsured his followers was the dust of the bodies of the\\nspirits who were to lead them to the treasure and a", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0209.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "202\\nlittle of this, wrapped up in a paper, he gave to each\\none of them, which they were to keep secret, and pre-\\nserve as a magical charm.\\nOne of the company, an old gentleman who was\\nsometimes a little absent-minded, went to bed one night\\nand left the magical packet in one of his pockets and\\nhis wife, probably looking for small change, found it.\\nShe could not imagine what it was, but she was afraid\\nit was something connected with witchcraft, and was\\ngreatly troubled about it. The next day she told her\\nhusband of the discovery, and was so very persistent\\nthat he should explain to her what it meant, that at\\nlast he thought it wise to tell her the whole proceed-\\ning, and so prevent her from interfering with the great\\nand important business with which he was concerned.\\nHe made her promise secrecy, and soon she had heard\\nall about Rogers, the spirits, and the buried gold.\\nShe became convinced that it was all the work of the\\ndevil, and she went off among her friends and began to\\ntalk about it.\\nNow there was a great excitement, not only on the\\npart of the believers, but among the spirits themselves;\\nand Rogers, who had enlisted two new men in his\\nscheme, made his ghosts work hard to keep up the de-\\nlusion among his followers. All four of them, dressed\\nin sheets, went about making comnumications when-\\never they had a chance, and assuring the members of\\nthe band of treasure hunters that everything would\\nsoon be all right, and that they must not allow their\\nfaith to be shaken by gossipers and scandalmongers.\\nRogers himself, in his ghostly costume, went one", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0210.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "203\\nnight to the house of a gentleman who was his fol-\\nlower, and made some important communications to\\nhim but as the schoolmaster had been encouraging\\nhimself by some strong drink before setting out on\\nhis round of apparitions, he talked in such a queer\\nway to his disciple, that the latter became suspicious.\\nThe next morning he found horse tracks from his\\ndoor to Rogers s house, and so discovered that the\\nghost had come from that place on horseback. Fur-\\nther investigations followed, and it was not long before\\nit became quite plain that Rogers had been playing a\\nwell-planned trick upon the inhabitants of Morristown,\\nand he was arrested.\\nEvery one, however, had not lost faith in him, and\\nthere was an old gentleman whose name the ancient\\npamphlet very kindly conceals, calling him by the name\\nof Compassion who went bail f(u- him, and he\\nwas released whereupon he and his friends decamped.\\nHowever, Rogers was again arrested, and this time\\nhe confessed the whole of his share in raising the\\nghosts of Morristown.\\nBut, as has been said, he was a man of ability, and\\nable to take care of himself, and in some way he\\nmanaged to escape from custody, and was seen no\\nmore in New Jersey. His followers, who had sent\\ntheir gold and silver to the spirits by means of his\\nkind ofifices, never saw their money again and the vast\\ntreasures buried at Schooley s Mountain still remain\\nhidden from all men.", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0211.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "A JERSEYMAN AND HIS ROYAL CROWN.\\nWE have told the story of the lord who lived at\\nBasking Ridge; now n e will tell the story of a\\nmueh more exalted personage, one who had sat upon\\na throne, and worn a crown and royal robes rich with\\ndiamonds and precious stones, and who lived on a\\nbreezy hill on the banks of the Delaware. What he\\nwas doing in New Jersey, and how he had come to\\nwear a crown and royal robes, we will now proceed\\nto tell.\\nThis exalted personage was not a king when he was\\nliving in New Jersey, but he had been a king. In\\nfact, if we may not say that he had been two kings,\\nwe can say that he had been a king twice. He was\\nJoseph Bonaparte, the eldest brother of the great em-\\nperor, Napoleon, who, after having conquered a great\\nmany nations of Euroj^e, and having deposed their\\nkings, supplied them with new sovereigns out of his\\nown family. Josci)h was sent to Italy to be King of\\nNaples. He did not ])articuh!rlv want to be king, and\\nhe knew that ihe pco])le did not want him, and after\\nhe had been in Naples some time, reigning under his\\nbrother s orders with no great success, the emperor\\ndetermined to transfer him to Spain, whose throne\\n204", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0212.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "205\\nhad just been made vacant. Having been informed\\nthat he was to go to Madrid, Joseph obeyed, but he\\ndid not like it.\\nMoreover, the people of Spain did not like it, and\\nafter a time they rose up in rebellion, and were assisted\\nby the English and Portuguese, and forced the king\\nto fly from Spain.\\nThe e.x-king of Naples and Spain had various ad-\\nventures in France and Switzerland and when the\\npower of the great Napoleon came to an end, he was\\nobliged to fly, or he also might have been sent to\\nElba or some other place equally undesirable, so he\\ndetermined to come to America. In a little brig of\\ntwo hundred tons, a very small vessel to sail on the\\nocean, he crossed the Atlantic in disguise, not even\\nthe captain of the vessel knowing who he was. He\\nwas accompanied by his secretary; and when the two\\nreached America and made themselves known, they\\nwere treated with great respect and attention. In fact,\\nAmerica owed so much to France, that she was very\\nwilling to show her gratitude.\\nNow that he was well out of Europe, Joseph Bona-\\nparte gave up all idea of returning, and in deciding\\nto settle here it w^as not surprising that he chose to\\nmake his home in New Jersey. He bought a place\\nnear Bordentown, on a high wooded hill called Point\\nBreeze, and built a house, which was truly splendid\\nfor those days. It had grand halls and staircases and\\nbanciuet halls, and it must have been larger and more\\nimposing than Lord Stirling s. His estate, which cov-\\nered more than a thousand acres, was beautifully laid", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0213.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "206\\nout in drives and gardens and lawns, and everything\\non the place was arranged in a style of beauty and\\ngrandeur.\\nIt was three years before this great house, with its\\nsurroundings, was finished, and ready for the ex-king s\\nresidence and when at last he went there, he lived\\nin ex-regal style. His wife was not with him, hav-\\ning remained in Italy on\\naccount of ill health,\\nand her physicians\\nwould never allow\\nher to come to\\nAmerica. But he\\nhad two daughters\\nwho were with him\\nduring part of his\\nresidence in New\\nJersey, and there\\nwere persons who as-\\nserted that he had also\\nbrought with him the crown of Spain and the royal\\nrobes of Italy.\\nIt generally happens, when a sovereign is obliged\\nto abdicate and to fly from his kingdom, that he\\narranges matters so tliat he sliall not become a ])aui)er\\nwhen he arrives at the place of refuge. If he is not\\nable to carry away anything more than a valise, he is\\nmuch more likelv to |)ut his royal jewels into il than\\nto fill it up with night clothes and hairbrushes; so\\nwhen ]^onai)arte came to New Jersey, he came as a\\nver\\\\ rich man.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0214.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "20/\\nWhen his kingly mansion was ready to be suppHcd\\nwith art treasures, such as ornamented the palaces of\\nEurope, the ex-king sent across the ocean for costly\\npaintings and beautiful sculpture with which to fill his\\nnew house and if any crowned heads had happened\\nto visit him, he would not have been ashamed to wel-\\ncome them beneath his roof. People of royal blood\\nthat is, the same kind of royal blood that he had\\ndid come over to visit him. Louis Napoleon, after-\\nward Emperor of France, came, when a young man,\\nand spent some weeks with his uncle. While there,\\nit is said, this young man went out shooting on the\\nestate, and, finding the birds near the house easier to\\nhit than those at a distance, he blazed away at any\\nfeathered creatures he saw in the garden, so that the\\ngardener made a complaint.\\nBut even then this young Louis Napoleon had\\nbegun to have dreams in regard to his succession to\\nthe imperial throne of France, and he did not like to\\nbe snubbed and scolded by an uncle who had had all\\nthe regal honors he was ever likely to get, and who\\ntherefore had no right to put on airs in his dealings\\nwith the prospective wearer of a crown. So there was\\na quarrel between the two, and there are reports to\\nthe effect that Louis Napoleon took revenge upon his\\nuncle by cutting his fruit trees with a hatchet, with-\\nout, however, imitating Washington in regard to sub-\\nsequent truthfulness.\\nBesides visitors from abroad, many distinguished\\nAmericans visited the e.\\\\-king. Among these were\\nHenry Clay, Daniel Webster, and John Ouincy Adams.", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0215.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "208\\nGeneral Lafayette, also, when he came to this country,\\nwas received with great state by the Count de Sur-\\nvilliers, the title under which Joseph Bonaparte lived\\nat Bordentown.\\nThis ex-king never became an American citizen by\\ntaking out naturalization papers but the Legislature of\\nNew Jersey treated him very well, and passed a reso-\\nlution which enabled him to hold property in this\\nState, and to thus become, in fact, a Jerseyman.\\nBut although our ex-king was now established on\\nthe free soil of America, he did not feel altogether safe.\\nHis family had come to grief; and there was reason\\nto fear, that, as a member of that family, Lngland,\\nor France, or Spain, might demand him as a prisoner,\\nto be taken across the ocean to answer the charge of\\nunlawful occupation of a throne.\\nIt is quite possible that the people of the neighbor-\\nhood imagined that the ex-king was in greater fear\\nof molestation from his former royal brethren than was\\nreally the case. Their reasons for supposing that he\\nwas anxious to defend himself against surprise and\\ncapture had some ground, for there were some strange\\nthings about that ex-royal estate, things that were\\nnot known in any other part of New Jersey. There\\nwas a tall l)ui!(Iing called a belvedere, from which the\\ncountry and the river might be surveyed for a long\\ndistance in every direction but, stranger far than that,\\nthere were subterranean passages which led from the\\nhouse to unfrequented parts of the grounds. These\\npassages were well built, arched with brick, and high\\nenough for people to walk upright in them and", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0216.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "209\\nalthough persons of quiet and unimaginative minds\\nthought that they were constructed for the purpose\\nof allowing the occupants to go down to the lake or\\nto the other portions of the grounds without getting\\nwet if it should happen to be raining, there were many\\npeople who believed that for sudden showers a good\\n^ff.^ (!i.-^..\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0?^ir^ ^!^^rM^^mm\\nstock of umbrellas would be cheaper and quite as\\nuseful, and that these costly passages could be meant\\nfor nothing else than to give opportunity for escape,\\nin case foreign emissaries or officers of the law should\\ncome in search of an ex-king who was wanted on\\nthe other side of the Atlantic.\\nFor whatever reason these passages were built,\\nthe spectacle of an ex-king, carrying a crown and his\\nsit). Ol N.J. 14", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0217.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "2IO\\nroyal robes in a hand bag, slipping out from among\\nsome bushes to tramp along the dusty road to Trenton\\nor Burlington, was never seen. Nobody ever thought\\nit worth while to come to New Jersey to demand him\\nor his property.\\nDuring his residence at Bordentown, which continued\\nfor about fourteen years, Joseph Bonaparte was very\\npopular with the pcoj)]e of the neighborhood. They\\nlooked upon him as a friend and neighbor; but at the\\nsame time they did not lose sight of the fact, that al-\\nthough he was now a country gentleman of New Jersey,\\nwith his lawn and his flower garden to look after, he\\nhad sat upon two thrones, and had been a sovereign\\nof Naples and Spain. They called him king, and\\nhis house was known as the ])alace and tor this\\nreason the people of other States made some mild fun\\nof New Jersey, calling it a foreign country.\\nBut if this ex-king had been a rich country gentle-\\nman of the neighborhood, he could not have made\\nhimself more popular. He was hospitable, and fre-\\nquently gave entertainments, and he sent flowers and\\nfruits from his gardens to his friends aiul neighbors.\\nlie made roads, and contributed in man\\\\- ways to the\\nimprovement of the country round about his home.\\nIn winter time the boys of Bordentown came to skate\\nupon his ponds and at such times he nearly always\\noffered them refreshments, which consisted of quanti-\\nties of chestnuts, which he scattered on the ice so that\\nthe youngsters might scramble for them.\\nIn manv wavs his kind and sociable disposition matie\\nhim so nuich likcil, that it is vei probable that it tlie", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0218.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "211\\noflicers of the law had come to take him back to\\nEurope, he would have received such timely notice of\\ntheir approach that it would not have been necessary\\nfor him to hurry away through his underground pas-\\nsages. New Jersey is a reasonable and hospitable\\nState, and when an ex-king comes to reside within her\\nborders, he will be as well treated, so long as he\\nbehaves himself, as if he were a poor immigrant from\\nEurope, coming with his wife and family to clear away\\nthe forest, and make hiinself a home.\\nJust before Joseph started for America, the affairs of\\nhis family were at their lowest ebb. His great brother,\\nthe emperor, had fallen from his high state, and could\\nlook forward to nothing but imprisonment by the Euro-\\npean countries, whose thrones he had for so long been\\nin the habit of upsetting or threatening. In his last\\ninterview with Napoleon, when on his way to the ship\\nwhich was to take him to America, Joseph generously\\noffered to change places with his brother, and to let\\nthe ex-emperor fly to America instead of the ex-king.\\nIt was very difficult for any one of the Napoleon\\nfamily to get away from France at that time but\\nJoseph had made a very excellent plan by which pass-\\nports were provided for two persons coming to America\\non business, and his brother could have used one of\\nthose as well as himself.\\nBut the great Napoleon declined to run away in this\\nmanner. He remained, and was sent to St. Helena.\\nWhat would have occurred in the neighborhood of Bor-\\ndentown, N.J., had Napoleon Bonaparte, conqueror of\\nEurope, ruler of nations, and disposer of crowns, the", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0219.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "212\\nhero of Austerlitz, Marengo, and Wagram, taken up\\nhis residence at Point Breeze, and established himself\\nas a citizen of the State, cannot easily be imagined.\\nThe geniality, sociability, and hospitality of the ex-king\\ncould hardly have been expected from the ex-emperor\\nand, surrounded as he would have been in time by\\ndevoted followers who would have exiled themselves\\nfrom their country for his sake, there might have been\\na little empire in New Jersey which would have been\\nexceedingly interesting to tourists.\\nMoreover, if the allied powers of Europe had sent\\nover a fleet to bring back their great enemy, who knows\\nbut that they might have found, when they reached\\nBordentown, not a tall lookout tower and underground\\nl)assages for escape, but a fort with ramparts, redoubts,\\na moat, a drawbridge, and mounted cannon ready to\\nsweep the Delaware and the surrounding country\\nHowever this might have been, it is certain that Napo-\\nleon s refusal to take his brother s place must ever be\\na source of satisfaction to the peojjle of Bordentown\\nand the rest of the country.\\nAs a proof that Joseph Bonaparte had had enough\\nof royalty, and not enough of New Jersev, it is stated\\nthat a delegation of prominent men from Mexico, which\\ncountry was then in a very disturbed condition, came\\nto him during his residence at Bordentown, and\\noffered him the throne of Mexico. In making answer\\nto this i^roposition, our ex-king did not hesitate a mo-\\nment. He told the delegation, that, liaving ali eatly\\nworn two crowns, he desired never again to wear\\nanother. The old fable of the fox which had lost its", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0220.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "213\\ntail (lid not probably come into his\\nmind; but if it had, he might well have\\nsjxiken of it to his Mexican visitors.\\nAfter years had elapsed without\\nany attemjjt on\\nthe part ot l^ uro-\\npean powers to\\narrest him, our ex-\\nking, Joseph, be-\\ngan to feel safe,\\nand he madt. a\\nvisit to England.\\nHe returned to\\nAmerica, but went\\nback again, and\\ndied in Italy in\\n1844, having given\\nto New Jersey the i-)ecii.\\niar and unique position\\nof being the only State in the\\nUnion which e\\\\ er numbered among her\\ncitizens the owner of a royal crown and regal robes.\\nTo be sure, there is nothing in this for the people\\nof a republican State to be proud of but New Jersey\\nmay be allowed to say that there never was a royal\\nperson who was of less injury to the people among\\nwhom he dwelt than her ex-king at Bordentown, and\\nshe may add that there have been very few of his\\nclass who have been of as much advantage to his\\nneighbors.", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0221.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "THK 1)I :V, THE BEY, AND SOMK JKRSKV\\nSAILORS.\\nNEW JI ^vSI ^Y is very intimate with the ocean.\\n^)r nearh- the whole of her length, from Cape\\nMay to Sand)- Hook, the wave.s of the Atlantic roll\\nand roar. Wherever one may be in tlii.s State, it i.s\\nnot necessary to travel verv far in oicler to smell the\\nfresh sea air.\\nIt is true that hut few of the gi-eat commercial ves-\\nsels leave and arrive at the ports of New Jersey, and\\nthat the ])resence of naval vessels in he! waters is due\\nto the fact that she is j)art owner of the Bay of New\\nYork but it is also true, that, although she has not\\n214", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0222.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "215\\nsent forth ships to fight the hattles of her country\\nupon the ocean wave, she has sent out to command\\nthose ships some of the best-known men who have\\never worn the American naval uniform.\\nOne of the first occasions in which our naval ves-\\nsels played a part in foreign waters was of a rather\\nromantic nature, though not particularly calculated to\\nraise our country s flag in our own estimation or that\\nof other nations.\\nIt was at the end of the eighteenth century, when\\nwe had begun to trade in various parts of the world,\\nthat our merchant vessels sailing on the Mediterra-\\nnean were greatly molested by the pirates of what\\nwas called the Barbary Coast. The half-civilized and\\nwarlike people of Tripoli, Algiers, Tunis, and Mo-\\nrocco, had long been in the habit of sending out their\\narmed vessels to prey upoi^ the ships of all civilized\\ncountries; and when American ships entered the Med-\\niterranean, they soon found out the state of affairs.\\nSeveral vessels were captured, and the crews were\\nsent on sliore and imprisoned or enslaved.\\nNearly all the European maritime powers had de-\\nfended their commerce against these savage pirates,\\nnot by great guns and vessels of war, but by humbly\\npaying tribute. Iwery year these great nations sent\\nmoney and gifts to the Dey of Algiers, the Bey of\\nTunis, and the other rascals and in consideration of\\nthis tribute, their vessels were graciously allowed to\\nsail on the Mediterranean without molestation.\\nIt was not long before the government of the United\\nStates saw very plainly that it must pay tribute, con-", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0223.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "2l6\\nquer the Barbary States, or quietly submit to the cap-\\nture of all American merchantmen which might sail\\ninto the Mediterranean. The easiest thing to do was\\nto pay the tribute and as the other civilized nations\\ndid this, the United States followed their example.\\nIn the year 1800 a United States vessel bearing the\\nname of George Washington, and commanded by\\nWilliam Bainbridge, a Jerseyman who had been at sea\\never since he was fourteen years old, sailed to Algiers,\\ncarrying on board the ship which bore the name of\\nthe great man who had made his country free and\\nindependent of the most powerful nation of the earth,\\nthe tribute which was annual!}- due from the United\\nStates to an African sovereign, the Dey of Algiers.\\nThis commission of the United States vessel seemed\\nmore humiliating from the fact that our country had\\njust come out of a war with France, in which our\\nfrigate Constellation had defeated and captured one\\nof the vessels of that great naval power. But we had\\nagreed to pay for the privilege of trading in the Medi-\\nterranean, and, although the countries of the Barbary\\nCoast had no more right in that sea than Spain,\\nFrance, or Italy, they chose to assert their right, and\\nwe had acknowledged it.\\nWhen Bainbridge IkuI anivcd at Algiers, and had\\nhanded over the tribute which he had brought, he suj)-\\nI)osed that his business was over, and prepared to sail\\naway but the Dey, who was a potentate accustomed\\nto ask for what he wanted and to get it, informed the\\nUnited States connnander that he wished to send him\\nupon an errand.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0224.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "217\\nThese Barbary powers were all subject to the great\\nhead of the Mohammedan nations, the Sultan of Tur-\\nkey and the Dey desired to send an ambassador to\\nhis imperial master, and as the George Washington\\nwas about to sail, he determined to make use of her.\\nWhen Captain Bainbridge was informed that the\\nDey commanded him to take the ambassador to Con-\\nstantinople, he very naturally declined, and thereupon\\na great hubbub arose. The Dey informed Bainbridge,\\nthat, as the United States paid him tribute, its people\\nwere his slaves they were bound, as were his other\\nsubjects, to obey his commands, and to do what he\\ntold them without hesitation or question. If they\\nwere not his slaves, why did they come here, meekly\\nbearing money and other gifts to their master\\nAll this had no effect in convincing Captain Bain-\\nbridge that he was a slave of the Dey of Algiers,\\nand bound to go upon his errands; but there was an\\nAmerican consul there, and he saw that the matter\\nwas very serious indeed. The harbor \\\\vas commanded\\nby forts mounted with heavy guns, and if these were\\nbrought to bear upon the George Washington, she\\nwould certainly be blown to pieces without much\\nchance of defending herself; and, moreover, such a\\nconflict would surely bring about a war with Algiers,\\nand it was not at all desirable that an American\\nofficer, bound upon friendly business, should provoke\\nwar between his country and another.\\nThis reason was a very bitter dose for Captain\\nBainbridge but after consideration he found himself\\nobliged to take it. If he refused, there would be a", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0225.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "2l8\\nUnited States sliip the less and he knew not how\\nmany American ships, now sailing without fear upon\\nthe Mediterranean, might be seized and burned, and\\ntheir crews thrown into horrible slavery. He had no\\nright to precipitate anything of this sort, and conse-\\nquently, under protest, he agreed to take the Algerine\\nambassador to Constantinople. But this was not all the\\nhigh-minded Dey demanded. He insisted that when\\nthe George Washington sailed out of the harbor,\\nshe should sail, not as a United States vessel, but as\\na ship of Algiers, and that she should carry on the\\nmainmast, \\\\vhere generally floated the stars and stripes,\\nthe Algerine flag, while he kindly consented that the\\nflag of her own country might float from the foremast.\\nIt was as difficult to refuse this second demand as it\\nwas the first, and so the George Washington went\\nout of Algiers with the pirate s flag proudly floating\\nfrom its mainmast.\\nAs soon as he got out of sight of land, Bainbridge\\nhauled down the Algerine flag and ]nit up his own\\nbut this was a very small satisfaction and not jiarticu-\\nlarly honorable.\\nWhen the George Washington reached Constan-\\ntinople, she created a sensation. Never before in the\\nwaters of the Golden I loin IkuI the stars and stripes\\nbeen seen, and the people of the city could not im-\\nagine where this strange ship came from. Some of\\nthese people had heard of America and the United\\nStates, but they kn ;w of it only in a vague and misty\\nway, very much as wo understand some parts of the\\ninterior of China, ll a|itain l^ainbridge had told", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0226.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "219\\ntliem he was from Xew Jersey, he might as well have\\ntold them he came from the moon.\\nBut the Americans were very well received in Con-\\nstantinople, and the officers of the government were\\nglad to welcome them and do them honor. Captain\\nBainbridge and the Turkish admiral became very good\\nfriends; and when the hitter heard how the former\\nhad been treated at Algiers, he condemned the inso-\\nlent Uey, and laid the matter before the Turkish Gov-\\nernment. In consequence of this, l^ainbridge was\\ngiven a paper, signed by the Sultan, which would pro-\\ntect him thereafter from any such disrespectful treat-\\nment from any of the minor Mohammedan powers.\\nWhen Captain Bainbridge had enjoyed all the Turk-\\nish hospitality his duties permitted him to receive, he\\nsailed from Constantinople and again entered the port\\nof Algiers. The Dey was glad to see him come back,\\nfor he had some more business for him and our Jersey\\ncaptain was soon informed that he must sail away\\nagain on another errand for his Barbary master. But\\nthis time the Barbary master was very much aston-\\nished, for Bainbridge i:)eremi)torily refused to do any-\\nthing of the kind.\\nNow the blood of the Dey boiled hot, and he vowed\\nthat if the George Washington did not immedi-\\nately sail forth uj^on his service, he would declare war\\nupon this miserable little country which owned it, and\\nhe would put the commander and crew of the ship in\\nchains, and clap them into dungeons. But Bainbridge\\ndid not turn pale, nor did he tremble. He simply\\npulled from his pocket the paper which he had re-", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0227.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "220\\nceived from the Sultan, and allowed the furious Dey\\nto glance over it. When the raving pirate read the\\nwords of his imperial master, all the fury and the\\ncourage went out of him, and he became as meek and\\nhumble as if he had been somebody come to pay a\\ntribute to himself. He received Bainbridge as a friend\\nand an equal, and, from commanding and threatening\\nhim, became so gracious, and made so many offers of\\nservice and friendship, that Bainbridge decided to take\\nadvantage of this auspicious change of temper.\\nNot long before, the French consul at Algiers had\\nbeen seized and imprisoned, together with all the\\nP rcnchmen who were doing business in that place\\nfor, so long as people belonged to a country which\\nwas a great way off, the Dey considered himself an\\nall-powerful ruler, who could do what he pleased with\\nthem without fear of their far-away government. Bain-\\nbridge determined to try to do something for these\\npoor men and when he again met the smiling and\\npleasant Dey, he urged their release. The jiaper\\nwhich Bainbridge received from the Sultan must have\\nbeen written in very strong terms for, although the\\ndemand of the American captain was a heavy one,\\nthe Dey agreed to it, and when the George Wash-\\nington sailed from Algiers, she carried away all the\\nFrenchmen who had been living there.\\nBainbridge was not at all satisfied with this Algerine\\nbusiness and when he rej^orted the affair to the authori-\\nties at homo, he iec|uested that he might never again\\nbe snit to carry tribute to Algiers unless he could\\ndeliver it from the mouths of his cannon.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0228.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "221\\nThe next year the Bashaw of Tripoli, who had had\\nno tribute from the United States, began to be very\\nuneasy in his mind because he did not fare so well\\nas the other Barbary potentates, to wdiom money and\\nmerchandise were deUvered every year. He accord-\\ningly spoke up in defense of his rights. It is not\\nHkely that he knew where the United States was,\\nwhat sort of a country it was, or how kirge or how\\nsmall its army and navy might be. He knew that\\nthe Americans were miserable, humble people, who\\npaid tribute to the Bey and the Dey, and he could\\nsee no particular reason why they should not pay it\\nto the Bashaw. Consequently he wrote a letter to the\\nPresident of the United States, in which he expressed\\nhis views very pointedly, and informed him, that, if\\nproper arrangements were not made in six months, he\\nwould destroy all the American ships on the Mediter-\\nranean, and declare war against the United States.\\nStrange to say, a thrill of terror did not run through\\nthe government of the United States; and six months\\npassed without anv notice having been taken of this\\nimpertinent communication. Thereupon the Bashaw\\ncut down the flag pole in front of the American con-\\nsul s office at Tripoli, and commenced the great work\\nof annihilating the I nited States of America. He\\nbegan on the small American trading vessels which\\nhe found along the Barbary Coast, intending probably,\\nwhen his convenience would permit, to sail out upon\\nthe Atlantic, ilnd the United States, and help himself\\nto the treasures which its government had so dis-\\nrespectfully declined to hand over to him. The e.v", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0229.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "222\\nample of the Bashaw had a great effect upon the Dey\\nand the Bey and the sub-Sultan and Algiers, Tunis,\\nand Morocco also informed the President of the United\\nStates that they were going to war with him if he did\\nnot immediately promise to pay tribute more regularly\\nand in articles of better quality.\\nBut the United States was getting tired of this sort\\nof thing, and determined, no matter what the other\\ncivilized powers chose to do, that no more tribute\\nshould be paid by it to these insolent pirates. Con-\\nsequently our government informed the mighty mon-\\narchs of the Barbary Coast that it was quite readv for\\nwar, and sent four ships to the Mediterranean, one of\\nwhich, the Essex, was commanded by Bainbridge.\\nBut the fleet did not do very much on this expedi-\\ntion, and the war with North Afiica dragged consid-\\nerably. Bainbridge came back to America, and after\\na time returned in command of the Philadelphia.\\nThere was a small squadron with him, but he sailed\\nfaster than the other vessels, and reached the Medi-\\nterranean alone. Here he overhauled a Moorish ves-\\nsel which had captured an American brig under a\\ncommission from Morocco. Having rescued the Amer-\\nican vessel, the crew of which were prisoners in the\\npirates hold, the Philatlcli)hia took the Moorish\\nvessel as a ])iize to Gibraltar, and then started out\\nagain to see what could be done to humble the jiort\\nof Tripoli.\\nIn this undertaking our Jerseyman did not meet with\\ngood fortune. la chasing a Tripolitan vessel which\\nwas discovered near the harl)or, the Philadelphia", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0230.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "223\\nran upon a reef, and there stuck fast. Everything was\\ndone that could be done to get her off even the can-\\nnon were thrown overboard to Hghten her, but it was\\nof no use. She was hard and fast and when the peo-\\nple of Tripoli found out what had happened, their gun-\\nboats came out of the harbor, and the Philadelphia\\nwas captured, and all on board, including Bainbridge,\\nwere made prisoners. They were taken to Tripoli, and\\nthere remained in captivity nineteen months. Now the\\nsoul of the Bey swelled high in his bosom as he smiled\\nat this attempt of the little country across the ocean\\nto resist his power.\\nThe Tripolitans found that they had gained a great\\nprize in the Philadelphia, that fine war ship, which\\nseemed to have been left on the reef as a present to\\nthem. After a good deal of work, they towed her into\\nthe ha.bor close to the town, where they repaired her\\nleaks, and put her in order to use against their ene-\\nmies the Americans, who did not know how to keep\\na good thing when they had it. When Commodore\\nPreble came, si.\\\\ months afterwards, to blockade the\\nport of Tripoli, he discovered that the Philadelphia\\nwas nearly ready for sea and, to prevent the disaster\\nof having a United States ship with United States\\ncannon bear down upon them, he determined to de-\\nstroy the Philadelphia, if possible, and an excellent\\nplan for the purj^ose was devised. A small vessel\\ncalled the Intrepid, which had been captured some\\ntime previously, was manned witii a ci cw of over\\neighty men, commanded by Lieutenant Decatur, who,\\nyears after, finished the Algerine war.", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0231.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "224\\nThis brave little ves-\\nsel sailed into the harbor\\nas if she had been an\\nordinary merchantman,\\nand managed to drift\\ndown close to the fine\\nfrigate which the Tri-\\n)()litans had snatched\\nfrom their blundering\\nenemy. The crew on\\nboard the Philadel-\\nphia did not suspect\\nthe character of the lit-\\ntle vessel which came\\nso close to them, until\\nshe was made fast, and\\niiu)rc than eighty men\\n)rang up from the\\nlaces where they had\\nK cn lying concealed\\non deck, and\\nswarmed oxx-r\\nthe side of the\\ntrigate.\\nA m o n g\\nthese was a\\n\\\\-oung sailor,\\nI a w r e n c e\\nfrom Burling-\\nton, N.J., who\\nhad be;run life", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0232.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "225\\nearly, having been a midshipman when he was only\\nsixteen years old. When Commodore Preble asked\\nfor volunteers to go on this expedition to snatch from\\nthe hands of the pirates the prize which they\\nthought they had won, Lawrence was one of the first\\nvolunteers, and acted as second in command of this\\nexpedition.\\nThe fight was not long. Many of the turbancd crew\\njumped overboard, and the others were quickly sub-\\ndued. It would have been a grand thing if Decatur\\nand his gallant sailors could have carried off the Phil-\\nadelphia, and have taken her out to the squadron.\\nBut this was absolutely impossible. Her foremast had\\nbeen cut down in order to lighten her so that she could\\nbe floated off the reef, and many of her sails were\\nwanting. Knowing that the vessel would not be found\\nin sailing trim, Preble had issued positive orders that\\nno attempt should be made to capture her, but that\\nshe should be burned.\\nThe cannon from the town and from the war ves-\\nsels in the port now began to fire but the men with\\nDecatur and Lawrence knew exactly what they had to\\ndo, everything having been carefully arranged before-\\nhand. They went to work without losing a minute,\\nand set fire to the frigate in many j^laccs. The flames\\nand the smoke spread so rapidly that some of them\\nhad hardly time to get out of the hold. Lieutenant\\nLawrence found he could not get on deck the way he\\ncame down, and was obliged to run along the hold\\nand climb up forward. As quickly as possible every\\none jumped on board the Intrepid, and, without rely-\\nSTO. OF N.J. It;", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0233.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "226\\ning entirely on their sails to enable them to get away,\\nthey put out sixteen great oars, which were pulled with\\na will by three or four men to each oar.\\nNow the whole harbor of Tripoli was in wild com-\\nmotion. The Americans stopped rowing for a moment\\nto give three great cheers, and soon cannon shot were\\nflying fast and furious after the retreating little vessel.\\nBut only one of them touched her, and that passed\\nthrough a sail without doing much damage and she\\nrowed until her sails caught the wind, and then went\\nout of the harbor, and returned in triumph to the\\nsquadron.\\nSoon after they had left the Philadelphia, that\\ngreat vessel, with her hull blazing and the flames crac-\\nkling and climbing up her masts, took it upon herself,\\nin these last minutes of her existence, to strike a blow\\nfor the flag of her country. Possibly suspecting that\\nsome attempt might be made to rescue the ship they\\nhad captured, the Tripolitans had loaded all her cannon\\nso as to be ready to fire upon any vessel that might\\napproach her. As the fire si)read over her hull, the\\ntime came when the Philadelphia could do some-\\nthing for herself and when the guns were hot enough,\\nshe let fly a broadside into the town, and then another\\none among the shipping. How much damage she did.\\nwe do not know but the soul of the Bashaw ceased\\nto swell as he heard the roar of her last broadsides,\\nand beheld her burning fragments scattered over the\\nwaters of tlic liarbor.\\nBut when the Bashaw of Tripoli imprisoned Bain-\\nbridge, and even after he had seen the frigate he had", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0234.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "22/\\ncaptured disappear in flames and smoke, he found he\\nwas not yet rid of Jersey sailors. Some months after-\\nwards, when Commodore Preble was still off the Bar-\\nbary Coast, there was a vessel in the squadron called\\nthe Nautilus, which was commanded by a young\\nJerseyman named Somcrs. He was a brave sailor, and\\nhad already distinguished himself on several occasions.\\nFighting the Bey was a good deal like trying to get\\nat a rat in a hole, and, although there were some good\\nfights in the Tripolitan waters, the fleet did not meet\\nwith much success at first. But the Americans were\\nvery anxious to do something effective, for at that\\ntime Bainbridge and his crew were imprisoned in the\\ntown, and no one knew what hardships and cruelties\\nthey might be enduring.\\nAfter much consideration it was thought that a good\\nway to strike a decisive blow would be to send a ves-\\nsel loaded with shells and gunpowder into the harbor\\nof Tripoli by night, and explode her there. This might\\nresult, it was thought, in the destruction of the forts\\nand ships, and possibly part of the town, and so ter-\\nrify the Bey that he would come to terms. Lieuten-\\nant Somers, w^ho had been foremost in contriving this\\nproject, volunteered to command the expedition. The\\nwhole affair w^as so extremely dangerous that no one\\nwas ordered to take part in it, and all those who wished\\nto go went of their own free will.\\nThe Intrepid, the small vessel on which Decatur\\nand Lawrence had sailed to burn the Philadelphia,\\nwas still with the fleet, and this was heavily loaded\\nwith explosives of all kinds. The plan was, that after", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0235.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "228\\nnightfall the Intrepid should be sailed as near as\\npossible to the town, and that, after lighting the slow\\nmatch which communicated with the terrible cargo,\\nthose on board should take to two small boats which\\nthey had in tow, and row out of the harbor as fast as\\npossible, leaving there the Intrepid to hurl fire and\\ndestruction into the enemy s strongholds.\\nBefore Somers started out on this perilous voyage,\\nhe addressed the few men who were to accompany\\nhim, and told them that he wanted no one to go who\\nwould not be willing to blow himself up rather than\\nbe captured. It was well known that the Tripolitans\\nwere short of anmumition, and if they suspected what\\nsort of a vessel it was which floated by night into the\\nharbor, they would board her and cai)ture her, if it\\nshould be possible, and thus gain possession of a great\\nquantity of powder and shell. Rather than that this\\nshould happen, Somers told his men that he would\\nblow up the little vessel with all on board, if the\\nenemy should take it. But no man flinched and after\\nthey had all taken leave of their friends on the fleet,\\nas if they had been going to execution, the Intrepid\\nslowly sailed away into the harbor, and it was not\\nlong before she was lost to view in the mists of the\\nnight.\\nBut after a time it became apparent to those on the\\nAmerican fleet that she was not lost to view to those\\nin the harbor, lor the guns of the fort began to fire\\non her. lu erybody who had a glass kejit it fi.xed on\\nthat part of the harbor where it was supposed Som-\\ners aud his little \\\\essel must be, and in course of time", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0236.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "229\\nthey saw a light rapidly moving as if some one were\\ncarrying a lantern from one end of the vessel to the\\nother. Then in less than a miiuite there was a blaze\\nand a roar, and tlie whole harbor of Tri]:\u00c2\u00bboli was\\nlighted up as if there had been an explosion of fire-\\nworks. Sparks and fiery fragments flew into the air,\\nand the waters seemed to be shaken as if by an earth-\\nquake. Then all was silent and dark.\\nOf course, the Intrepid had blown up, but how\\nor why nobody on the fleet could know nor did Som-\\ners and his brave crew ever come back to tell them.\\nSome people thought, and still think, that the In-\\ntrepid was about to be captured, and that Somers\\ncarried out his resolution to blow up the vessel under\\nhim rather than allow it to be taken. Others suppose\\nthat a red-hot cannon ball from one of the forts may\\nhave set the vessel on fire but the truth no one knows.\\nWe only know that this brave young Jersey man went\\nout to his fate determined to do his duty, no matter\\nwhat happened, and that he died in doing it.\\nW^^r^ y\\nr", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0237.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "SEA FIGHTS WITH A NOBLER FOE.\\nTHE war with the Barbary pirates was all sorts\\nof a war. Sometimes there was fighting, and\\nsometimes there was none and after Bainbridge was\\nreleased, he was engaged part of the time in the mer-\\ncantile service until the war with Great Britain broke\\nout in 1812. Early in this war, Bainbridge took com-\\nmand of the Constitution, the same vessel which, a\\nfew months before, had had a fight with the Guer-\\nricre, in which the latter was captured. It is a good\\ndeal better, sometimes, to fight with a strong enemy\\nwho will stand up bravely in front of you, and let\\nyou see what he is, than to contend with a mean\\nlittle one who is continually getting out of the way\\nand bobbing up at unexpected places, and making it\\nvery difficult either to get at him or to know when\\nhe is going to get at you. Consequently there is no\\ndoubt that Bainbridge much preferred to do battle\\nwith the naval power of Great ritain rather than\\nwith the pirates of Barbary.\\nHe sailed down the coast of South America, and\\nthere he met the Java, a British frigate. He had\\na hard fight and a long fight, and the end of it was\\nthat the Java hauled down her tlag after having\\n230", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0238.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "231\\na great portion of her crew killed and wounded and,\\nas she was so thoroughly shattered and broken up\\nby the guns of the Constitution, the victors could\\nnot take her home as a prize, but were obliged to\\nburn her.\\nIf any one had been inclined to deride the Jersey-\\nman at sea, after what had happened to Bainbridge\\nin the Mediterranean, he changed his opinion after\\nthe affair with the Java. In fact, a gold medal\\nwas voted to the gallant captain by Congress. When\\nthe war with Great Britain was over, Bainbridge took\\na squadron to the Mediterranean to try his hand again\\nat protecting American commerce, and humbling the\\npirates but fortune did not favor him this time, for\\nDecatur had already settled the matter with the Dey,\\nthe Bey, and the rest of them, and peace was declared\\nbefore Bainbridge arrived on the scene. Our Jersey\\nsailor did not do any more fighting, but he held high\\npositions in our navy, and died an honored commodore.\\nYears after the affair with the Philadelphia, when\\nwar had begun between the United States and Great\\nBritain, there was a great chance for America to show\\nwhat she could do on the sea. Then the fighting men\\nin ships were more important to the country than the\\nfighting men on shore and Captain Lawrence, our\\nfighting .sailor from Burlington, showed himself among\\nthe foremost of our naval heroes.\\nVery early in the war he was in command of the\\nHornet, a snajij^ish vessel with more stings than\\none, and while cruising in South American waters\\nhe met the British man-of-war Peacock. Now,", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0239.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "232\\nwhen a hornet and a peacock quarrel, lively times are\\nlikely to ensue, and so it happened in this case.\\nThe two vessels began by endeavoring to get into\\nfavorable positions, each anxious to rake the deck of\\nthe other. The Peacock did not spread her tail,\\nbut she spread her sail, and the Hornet buzzed\\nthis way and that, with her stings ready for action\\nas soon as the proper moment should arrive. When\\nat last they actually began to fight, the battle was a\\nterrible one, such as was possible only in those days\\nof wooden ships. But a short distance apart, they\\npoured into each other heavy shot and small shot\\nmusketry and cannon cracked and roared, while the\\nclouds of smoke nearly hid the vessels from each\\nother. This tremendous bombardment lasted about a\\nquarter of an hour, and at the end of that time the\\nPeacock struck her colors and surrendered. The\\ncaptain and a good many of the crew had been killed,\\nand the vessel was in such a demolished condition\\nthat there was not time to get all the jirisoners and\\nthe wounded on board the Hornet. Tltc officers\\nand men of the American vessel labored hard to save\\nthose on boaixl their unfortunate encm\\\\- but the Pea-\\ncock sank before this could be entirely accomjilished,\\nand several of the British sailors, with three of those\\nfrom the Hornet, sank with her.\\nCajitain Lawrence was not only a brave man, but\\nhe was a very kind onr. lie treated the officers and\\ncrew of the Peacock so well, even ])roviding them\\nwith clothes (for they had no time to bring anything\\nfrom their own vessel), that wlien the prisoners reached", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0240.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "233\\nNew York, the officers publicly thanked him in a paper\\nwhich they drew up and sii^ned. This victory, follow-\\ning our other brilliant exploits at sea, gave Lawrence\\ngreat fame both here and abroad.\\nA few months after the battle between the Hor-\\nnet and the Peacock, Lawrence was again the\\nhero of a great sea fight. The coast of New h2ng-\\nland was blockaded by a l^ritish fleet, and in the\\nharbor of Boston lay the frigate ChesajDeake, com-\\nmanded by Captain Lawrence, lie had been recently\\nappointed to this vessel, and in fact had been in com-\\nmand only ten days when he received a challenge to\\nfight a naval duel.\\nThis proposition came from the captain of the Brit-\\nish frigate Shannon, one of the blockading fleet,\\nabout the same size and strength as the Chesapeake.\\nThe l^ritish captain sent a very polite letter to Cap-\\ntain Lawrence; for when people propose to fight duels,\\nwhether on land or sea, they are always extremely\\ncourteous before they begin to try to kill each other.\\nThe British captain said, that, as he understood the\\nChesapeake was now ready to go to sea, he would\\nlike her to come out and fight the Shannon for the\\nhonor of their respective flags. He offered the Ameri-\\ncan captain choice of fighting ground inside of certain\\nlimits, and promised that the rest of the British fleet\\nshould keep far away, so that Captain Lawrence need\\nhave no fear of being troubled by any vessel except\\nthe Shannon.\\nWhen Captain Lawrence read this challenge, he was\\nas willing to go out and fight the duel as the British", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0241.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "234\\ncaptain was anxious to have him do so but he knew\\nthat his vessel was not nearly so well prepared as\\nwas the Shannon. The British ship had been at sea\\nfor a long time, she was manned by a crew of brave\\nsailors, and her captain was well acquainted with his\\nship and his men.\\nThe case was very different with the Chesapeake.\\nLawrence had been on board scarcely long enough to\\nfind out what sort of a ship she was, but he had been\\non board long enough to discover that her crew was\\na very poor one. Many of them were Portuguese,\\nthey had not been well drilled, and, worse than that,\\nthey did not want to fight. Few of them had been\\nin the service long enough to have a taste for naval\\nwarfare; and if they had had their way, they would\\nhave let the Shannon lie outside until her captain\\ngrew gray, before they would go out and accept his\\nchallenge. The harbor was much more to their mind.\\nBut Captain Lawrence had no such idea. He ac-\\ncepted the challenge without hesitation, and prepared\\nto go out and tight the duel. He would have been\\nglad enough if he had had a good crew, but he would\\ndo his best with the crew he had. He jnit his ship\\nin fighting trim, and his men in the best order i)ossible,\\nand early on a summer afternoon the Chesapeake\\nwjnt out to meet the Shannon, which was boldly\\nflying the flag of St. Cieorge.\\nIn those days, when men-of-war, as well as all other\\nships, were sailing vessels, the tactics of naval combats\\nwere very different from what they are now. I^ach of\\nthe commanders of vessels was obliged to think, not", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0242.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "235\\nonly of what his enemy was about, but what the wind\\nwas about. A steamer can take what position she\\npleases she can steam far away from her enemy, or\\nshe can use her long-range guns, or dash down upon\\nher to break in her sides with her ram. But in the\\nold sailing times, maneuvers were very much more\\ndifficult, and if the winds ever desired to stoj) a sea\\nfight, it often happened that they could do it simply\\nby dying away themselves.\\nThe two ships sailed this way and that, each trying\\nto get a position which would be good for herself and\\nbad for the other and at last, when they were very\\nclose, so near that their captains might have talked\\nwith each other, their cannon began to speak. From\\ntheir mouths came rolling of thunder. From each\\nship, volleys of great shot swept the decks of the\\nother, while the rattle of musketry became incessant.\\nThis tremendous fire was kept up for nearly ten min-\\nutes, and in this short time the Chesapeake lost\\nnearly one hundred men, killed and wounded, on her\\nupper deck.\\nStill she had the best of the fight, for in a few\\nminutes she would have taken a position in which she\\ncould have raked the decks of the enemy. But un-\\nfortunately some of her rigging was shot away, and she\\ncould not take advantage of the wind, and did not obey\\nher helm. Nothing could be worse than this for, with\\nsails flapping wildly in the wind, precision of sailing,\\nso necessary in a sea fight, was absolutely impossible.\\nBut not only was the Chesapeake unable to take\\nthe position she wanted, but she could not get out", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0243.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "236\\nof the way, and she drifted against the Shannon\\nand the rigging of the two vessels became entangled,\\nwith the Chesapeake exposed to the full fire of the\\nguns of the other ship. In this case there was only\\none thing to be done, and Captain Lawrence was the\\nbrave man to do it. He must board the Shannon,\\nand he and his men must fight her captain and his\\nmen hand to hand. There was no use trying to fight\\nany longer with the Chesapeake s cannon.\\nInstantly Lawrence ordered the boarders to be called\\non deck, and he was ready to put himself at their head\\nand dash on board the Shannon. He was slightly\\nwounded, but he did not care for that. But now\\ncame another misfortune. The man who should have\\ncalled the boarders to action by the roll of the drum\\nwas not on duty, and the bugler was ordered to sound\\nthe call. He was so frightened by this awful fight\\nthat he ran and hid himself, and when he was pulled\\nout from his retreat, he had not breath enough to blow\\nhis bugle. Some of the men were sent below to shout\\nfor the boarders and call them on deck, a very slow\\nprocedure at such a time; but before any of them\\narrived, the brave Lawrence was stretched ujion the\\ndeck by a musket ball.\\nThe captain of the ChesajKvake was not inmiedi-\\nately killed, but he was mortally wounded and when\\nhe was carried below, he showed that, near death as\\nhe was, he was still the bravest man on board. He\\nthought nothing of himself, lie thought only of his\\ncountry and his ship and his last orders were, Don t\\ngive up the ship, l- ight hei till she sinks.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0244.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "237\\nlUit it was\\nnot much use\\ntrying to fight\\nthe Shaniion any\\nlonger; there were no officers on the deck of the\\nChesapeake, except two midshipmen, and the Brit-\\nish captain saw that he had a good chance to board\\nhis enemy. So his crew were soon clambering over\\nthe sides of the American vessel. Some wounded\\nofficers rushed up from below to help repel this attack.\\nMany of the American sailors fought bravely even at\\nthese great odds but some of the crew, especially the\\nPortuguese, basely deserted their comrades and hur-\\nried below. The fight on the deck of the Chesa-\\njjcakc was not a l(Mig one and very soon the stars\\nand stripes were hauled down from her masthead, and\\nthe British colors hoisted in their place.\\nSo ended the great duel between the Chesapeake\\nand the Shannon, and the last words of the brave", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0245.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "238\\nLawrence were never forgotten. Don t give up the\\nship became the watchword of the navy.\\nAfter this bloody sea fight, which lasted only fifteen\\nminutes, but in which nearly two hundred and fifty\\nmen were killed and wounded, the Shannon sailed\\naway for Halifax, taking with her the Chesapeake,\\nwith the dead body of its brave commander on board.\\nWhen the two vessels entered the harbor, Lawrence\\nlay upon the quarter-deck, wrapped in the great flag\\nof the Chesapeake, while all the men on the Brit-\\nish vessels in the harbor manned their yards, and\\nshouted a wild welcome to the victorious Shannon.\\nBut the flag which floated from the masthead of the\\nBritish frigate held no more honorable position than\\nthat which covered the dead body of the American\\nhero.\\n^1^", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0246.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "THE STORY OF THE TELEGRAPH AND\\nTHE STEAMBOAT.\\nIT will always be a source of commendable pride to\\nthe people of New Jersey, that their State was\\nnever backward in the political, social, or mechanical\\nprogress of this country. In fact, several of the most\\nimportant steps in great movements for popular good\\nhave been made upon the soil of the State.\\nAmong the claims to preeminence which New Jer-\\nsey can make in this respect is the claim that the first\\ntelegraphic message that was ever transmitted through\\na wire was sent at the Iron Works at Speedwell, near\\nMorristown, at which place Professor Morse and Mr.\\nVail, son of the proprietor of the works, were making\\nexperiments with the telegraph. The first public mes-\\nsage was sent more than six years later from Wash-\\nington to Baltimore but the message at Speedwell\\nstands first, in the point of priority, of all the dispatches\\nby magnetic telegraph which the world has known.\\nWhen Professor Morse conceived the idea of com-\\nmunicating between distant points by means of elec-\\ntricity, he was not able to carry out experiments for\\nhimself, and having made the acquaintance of Alfred\\nVail, son of the ])roprietor or the Iron Works at Spced-\\n239", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0247.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "240\\nwell, he gave up his business as a j^ortrait j^ainter and\\nwent to Speedwell, where he and Mr. ail worked\\nhard in experimenting with the new invention. At\\nlast, when they thought they had brought it to sueh\\na point that they could make i)ractical use of it, they\\ndetermined to try to send a message through three\\nmiles of wire. If that could be done, they believed\\nthey could send one to any distance desirable.\\nCurrents of electricity had been sent through long\\nlengths of wire by Mr. Morse in previous experiments,\\nbut in these cases nothing more was attempted than\\nsignals; no words or message had been sent, and the\\nproposed experiment, therefore, was of great impor-\\ntance. Its success or failure meant success or failure\\nto the magnetic telegraph.\\nThe upper story of a house on the grounds of the\\nIron Works was one verv large room, and round the\\nwalls of this they stretched their three miles of wire,\\nuntil the room was encircled by lines of wire, one above\\nanother, but nowhere touching. At one end of this\\nwire was i)laced a telegrapliic instrument, and at the\\nother, another; and with great anxiety, although with\\nstrong faith in the success of their work, Mr. Vail sent\\nto Mr. Morse the first real telegraphic message, which\\nran thus A patient waiter is no loser.\\nThe house in which this first message was sent is\\nstill standing, near the Whipi)any River, not far out of\\nMorristown. Alfred Vail and Mr. Morse, assisted by\\nthe advice of Professor Josei)h 1 knrw superintendent\\nof the Smithsonian Institution at Washington, con-\\ntiiuied to work upon tiie telegraph at S[)eedwell antl", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0248.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "241\\nas Mr. Vail furnished tlie capital, and did a i^rcat deal\\nof the most important mechanical work, a large por-\\ntion of the credit for this wonderful invention is due\\nto him and the whole system of telegraphy which now\\nencircles and animates the world may be said to have\\nsprung from the Iron Works near Morristown.\\nAnother great invention, as important as the tele-\\ngraph, made its first appearance before the world in\\nNew Jersey. In the frozen waters about the North\\nPole, on the rivers of Africa, in the seas of China and\\nJapan, on the stormy ocean about Cape Horn, and\\nin almost all navigable waters of the world, are steam-\\nboats and steamships, floating palaces on rivers and\\nlakes, steam yachts and great Atlantic liners, swift\\nwar cruisers and line-of-battle ships like floating forts\\nof iron and steel but the first vessel which was ever\\npropelled by steam paddled its way along the Delaware\\nRiver, and was made in New Jersey.\\nIn 1787 John Fitch, who was a native of Connect-\\nicut, but who lived at that time in Trenton, N.J., where\\nhe had been a clock maker and manufacturer of arms,\\nconstructed a boat which was moved through the water\\nby means of a steam engine on board. He had long-\\nbeen working on this invention, making experiments,\\nand endeavoring to obtain assistance from people with\\nmoney. He had applied to Congress to give him the\\nexclusive right to the great results of his work if he\\nshould be successful but this aid was refused.\\nNew Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania, however,\\ngave him the right for fourteen years to propel vessels\\nupon the waters of those States and thus encouraged\\nSTO. OK N.I. 16", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0249.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "242\\nhe built the first steamboat. This little vessel was im-\\nperfect in many ways, and its highest speed was four\\nmiles an hour; but still it was a steam-\\n.\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Cti r-\\nMt-^^ boat, and it was the first that man had\\n^Iji.i^S^ course, it at-\\nt.^. tracted a good deal\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2-:;#Ki {v,^*T^ 01 attention; and\\nrlv^ i- after it had been\\n^^i^ proved that it could\\n.i*;\\ni^,i move without sails or\\nX :1^^- oars, and that it was\\n^irf^ j*^^^ dangerous, peo-\\nik^S^P P^^ began to believe in it,\\nV^^^* it^ steamboat company was organ-\\n^^^|t^:^-- i^ed by Fitch. Another boat was built,\\n1 which carried passengers who paid their tare,\\nand afterwards a larger boat was constructed, in the\\nhope that a good passenger traffic might be established.\\nWe cannot wonder that there should have been a\\ndesire among enterprising people to establish some bet-\\nter method of transportation in travel than existed in\\nthe early days of New Jersey. At first the only roads\\nin the State were narrow paths, sometimes more than\\nfifty miles long, but only wide enough for the easy\\npassage of a man on horseback. After that, better\\nroads gradually came into use and in the beginning\\nof the eighteenth century there was a stage wagon,\\nintended for the carriage of merchandise, not passen-\\ngers, which made a trip every two weeks from IV-rth\\nAmboy to Philadelphia. This was considered as a\\ngreat i)ublic convenience; because, before that, thoro", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0250.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "243\\nwas no regular method of shipping merchandise from\\nNew York to Philadelphia, except by sea.\\nAfter a time, stage wagons, which carried passen-\\ngers, began to run in some parts of New Jersey and\\nin 1750 a grand stage line was established, intended\\nespecially for the transportation of travelers. In an\\nadvertisement the proprietor of this line announced\\nto all persons who have occasion to transport them-\\nselves, goods, stores, or merchandise from New York to\\nPhiladelphia, that he would take them in forty-eight\\nhours less than by any other line, and he promised\\nto use the people in the best manner. It is stated\\nthat this trip by land and water between New York and\\nPhiladelphia lasted seven or eight days, although it\\nnow seems almost impossible to travel so slowly.\\nSixteen years afterward, a new and improved line\\nof stage wagons was established, which were faster\\nand very much more comfortable than any which had\\nyet been known. They were actually mounted on\\nsprings, and it was promised that the trip would be\\nmade in two days in summer, and three days in win-\\nter. These stagecoaches were so much swifter than\\nanything else of the kind ever known in the State,\\nthat they were called flying machines.\\nFifteen years afterward, the price of conveyance\\nbetween New York and Philadelphia on one of these\\nflying machines was forty shillings in gold or sil-\\nver for each passenger, and as much for each hun-\\ndred and fifty pounds of baggage.\\nThe mail facilities in those days were as poor as\\nthe methods for transportation and we can get an", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0251.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "244\\nidea of the postal arrangements from an extract from\\na New York paper published in 1704, which states,\\nIn the pleasant month of May, the last storm put\\nour Pennsylvania post a week behind, and has not yet\\ncom d in. But although this was rather slow com-\\nmunication, New Jersey was better off than many of\\nthe civilized communities of the day for she had a\\nregular postal system, which had been invented by\\nColonel John Hamilton.\\nColonel Hamilton s system was considered so good,\\nthat the British Government gave him a patent for it,\\nand adopted it for the mother country, it being con-\\nsidered much better than the system then in use.\\nThe mails were generally carried in can\\\\ as bags by\\nmen on horseback and this method of transportation\\nwas known as the express, as a horse and his rider\\ncould go much more rapid!) than oven the best fly-\\ning machines. Mail service in New Jersey greatly\\nimproved before the end of the century.\\nBut it was very hard to persuade the public to en-\\ncourage Fitch s new enterprise, even although it jM om-\\nised cheaper and more rapid transportation than any\\nmethods in use and of course it was still harder,\\nfrom the fact that the new steamboats had not yet\\ngone faster than a sailing vessel with a good breeze.\\nAnd so, notwithstanding the value of a system of navi-\\ngation by which vessels could be made to move whether\\nthere was a breeze or not, and in any direction no\\nmatter how the wind was blowing, there was very lit-\\ntle support to the new steamboat, and the enterprise\\nwas so unprofitable that it was given up.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0252.jp2"}, "253": {"fulltext": "245\\nNearly ten years after Fitch s largest steamboat had\\nbeen sold as a piece of useless property, Robert Ful-\\nton made a steamboat which ran on the Hudson River\\nat the rate of five miles an hour; and after this the\\npracticability of steam navigation began to be slowly\\nacknowledged. But the waters of New Jersey were\\nthe first which were ever ruflfled by the paddles of a\\nsteamboat.\\nNew Jersey has another claim to distinction in con-\\nnection with steam navigation, for at the Speedwell\\nIron Works were manufactured some of the larger\\nportions of the machinery of the Savannah, the\\nfirst steamship which ever crossed the ocean.", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0253.jp2"}, "254": {"fulltext": "NEW JERSEY AND THE LAND OF GOLD.\\nTHERE was another famous American sailor who\\ncame out of New Jersey, who was perhaps of as\\nmuch value to his country as any other naval com-\\nmander, although he was not the hero of any great\\nsea fights.\\nThis was Robert F. Stockton, who was born in\\nPrinceton, and who entered the navy early in life.\\nHe became an excellent officer and a great fighter.\\nHis disposition to do battle showed itself not only in\\nleading men into action, but in doing a great deal of\\nfighting himself. He distinguished himself in several\\nnaval combats during the war with Algiers. He com-\\nmanded the Spitfire during this war, and, besides\\ntaking one of the enemy s vessels in an ordinary naval\\ncombat, he captured an Algerine brig, one might almost\\nsay, with his own hands. With as many men as a\\nsmall boat could carry, he left his vessel, rowed to this\\nbrig, and at the head of his bold sailors boarded her,\\nvanquished the crew, and carried her off as a j)rize.\\nHe was afterwards transferred to a larger vessel,\\nand was stationed for a time at Gibraltar. There was\\na very bad feeling at that time between the American\\nnaval officers and those of Great Britain. The War\\n246", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0254.jp2"}, "255": {"fulltext": "247\\nof 1812 was over; but the British were not inclined\\nto treat the officers of the United States Navy with\\nthe respect which the latter thought was due to them.\\nStockton was not a man to stand still and allow him-\\nself to be treated disrespectfully and whenever he\\nreceived anything that seemed like an insult from a\\nBritish officer, he was ready to fight that officer, who-\\never he might be. It is said that at one time he\\nchallenged all the officers in Gibraltar to meet him in\\nsingle combat, one after another, and he actually did\\nengage in duels with several of them.\\nDuring the British war and the Algerine war, Stock-\\nton distinguished himself in various ways, both on\\nland and sea. But in 1821 he undertook a very im-\\nportant enterprise in Africa. Many naval vessels had\\ngone from the United States to Africa, but none of\\nthem on an errand such as this. Our gallant Jersey\\ncaptain did not sail to pay tribute, bombard cities, sink\\nvessels, humble African potentates, or to shed African\\nblood; he went on an errand of charity and humanity.\\nHe sailed from America in the interests of the\\nColonization Society, and his object was to make\\narrangements on the west coast of Africa for the\\nestablishment of a colony, to be composed of negroes\\nwho had been slaves in the United States, but who\\nhad obtained their freedom. There were many humane\\npeople in the United States who believed that the\\nnegroes who had been set free from slavery would be\\nmuch happier and more likely to prosper in thcir^\\nnative land, or in the land of their ancestors, than in\\nthe United States.", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0255.jp2"}, "256": {"fulltext": "248\\nIn company with an agent of this society, Stockton\\nsailed for the west coast of Africa in command of an\\narmed schooner called the Alligator; and when he\\narrived at his destination, he took upon himself nearly\\nall the difficult work of selecting territory suitable for\\nthe purposes desired, of buying land from the savage\\nnatives, of making them understand the character of\\nthe settlers who were coming to Africa and of the\\npowerful nation who intended to protect them. He\\nmade treaties of commerce and friendship with the\\nignorant Africans, who, until he came, scarcely knew\\nwhat was meant by a treaty.\\nThe performance of these complicated and difficult\\nduties required a man of courage and diplomatic ability,\\nwho could take things as they came, and who was\\nalways ready to act promptly in sudden emergencies.\\nStockton proved himself to be that man, and he estab-\\nlished in the native land of the negro a country to\\nwhich the Africans who had once been slaves in the\\nUnited States might freely go, carrying with them all\\nthat they had learned of civilization in this country,\\nand where they might live without fear of rccnslave-\\nment by the warlike tribes, whose principal business\\nin life then was to caj^ture their fellow-countrymen,\\nand sell them into slavery.\\nThis new country, which was called Liberia, was at\\nfirst a colony of the United States. It grew and pros-\\nleered, and in 1S47 it became an indc]-)endent nation,\\n^nd soon after was recognized as such by Great Brit-\\nain and the United States and since then it has\\nmade treaties with most of the European countries.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0256.jp2"}, "257": {"fulltext": "249\\nThus was established the new nation of Liberia, and\\nit is not likely that there was a man in the United\\nStates who could have accomplished this great work\\nbetter than the fighting sailor from Princeton.\\nAfter having finished the Liberian business on land,\\nStockton did some work at sea more in the line of a\\nnaval commander. While sailing along the coast, the\\nAlligator was sighted by a Portuguese war vessel,\\nthe Marianna Flora, who mistook her for a pirate,\\nand determined to capture her. But when the Mari-\\nanna got near enough, and opened fire on the\\nsupposed pirate, she found that the work she had\\nundertaken was very different from what she had ex-\\npected. To speak figuratively, the x\\\\lligator lashed\\nher tail, opened her jaws, and began to fight with such\\nfury, that in twenty minutes the Marianna was\\nbeaten and captured. Stockton ])ut her under the\\ncommand of one of his own officers with an American\\ncrew, and sent her away as a prize to America.\\nThe government of Portugal, when it heard what\\nhad hajDpened, declared, that, as their country and the\\nUnited States were not at war, our Jersey sailor had\\nno right to take one of their vessels but, as it was\\nasserted on the other side that one of their vessels\\nhad first tried to take his, there seemed to be a good\\ndeal of justice in what had been done. However, the\\nmatter was settled by his exoneration from all blame\\nin the matter, and the return of the Marianna to\\nPortugal.\\nSome time later, the Alligator fell in with a\\nFrench slave ship and captured her; and it is stated", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0257.jp2"}, "258": {"fulltext": "250\\nthat the legal proceedings which followed this capture\\nestablished the point of international law, that war\\nvessels of all nations have a perfect right to capture\\na slave ship, wherever it may be found. This was\\nthe first step in the work of breaking up the slave\\ntrade, which was then carried on by many of the\\ncivilized nations of the world.\\nIn later cruises, Stockton sailed about in the West\\nIndies, capturing several slavers, and also making a\\nvigorous war on pirates and freebooters, who at that\\ntime made the vicinity of these islands very dangerous\\nfor peaceable vessels.\\nIn 1838 our commander was made a captain. There\\nwas no war now in which he might engage, but his\\nmind was very busily occupied in regard to the proper\\nconstruction of war vessels. In 1841 the United States\\nNavy did not possess a single steamship. They were\\nall old-style sailing vessels. Several steamers had been\\nplanned one had blown up, and two others were still\\non the stocks. But Cajjtain Stockton did not believe\\nthat if these were finished they would be effective as\\nvessels of war. One great reason for this was the\\nfact that their engines were situated so near the upper\\ndeck, that a shot from an enemy might easily destroy\\nthem, and so render the vessel worthless. Another\\nobjection was that they were side-wheelers, and it\\nwould be a very easy thing for a cannon ball to knock\\nan exposed side-wheel into a worthless condition.\\nStockton s itlca was to jnit the engines and machin-\\nery deep down in the vessel, below the water line,\\nwhere it would be almost imj^ossible to injure them,", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0258.jp2"}, "259": {"fulltext": "251\\nand to have the ship moved by means of a submerged\\nscrew in the stern, instead of by paddle wheels. The\\nnaval constructors and authorities opposed this new-\\nfangled scheme but our New Jersey sailor was an\\nenergetic man in whatever he had to do, and he fought\\nthe naval constructors as vigorously as he ever fought a\\npirate. Consequently he got authority from Congress\\nto build a war ship after his own plan, and arm it\\nwith cannon, which he thought would be much better\\nthan the guns then in use in the navy.\\nUnder Stockton s directions, there was built at Phila-\\ndelphia a vessel of war, which he named the Prince-\\nton, and which was constructed according to his\\nplans. On her deck were two great guns of wrought\\niron, which were also devised by him and each of\\nthese carried a two hundred and twenty-five pound\\nshot, much heavier than those then used in naval\\nwarfare.\\nGreat public interest was excited in the Princeton,\\nthe first steamship of our navy, and on her trial trip\\nshe was found to be an excellent seagoing vessel.\\nShe went to Washington, and there started out on an\\nexcursion, during which her great gims were to be\\ntried. There was a very distinguished company on\\nboard, officers of the army and navy, and several\\nmembers of the Cabinet, and other guests.\\nIt was found, however, that the ship was much supe-\\nrior to her great guns for when one of them, named\\nthe Peacemaker, was fired, it exploded, killing sev-\\neral people, among whom were the secretary of war,\\nthe secretary of the navy, and the father-in-law of", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0259.jp2"}, "260": {"fulltext": "252\\nthe President while others, inckiding Captain Stock-\\nton, were wounded.\\nThis terrible event shocked the whole nation but\\nalthough there were no more wrought-iron cannon\\nmade, the building of naval steamships, which began\\nwith Stockton s Princeton, went steadily on, growing\\nand improving, until it reached the high point shown\\nby the swift and powerful ironclad men-of-war which\\nnow fly the stars and stripes.\\nIn 1846 Stockton found himself on the coast of\\nCalifornia, with the rank of commodore, and in com-\\nmand of a scpiadron. Since he had started from the\\nUnited States, war had been declared with Mexico;\\nand when he arrived, the towns of Monterey and San\\nPYancisco had been taken by Commodore Sloat, who\\nhad preceded him. A state of war exactly suited\\nStockton s disposition and as there was no more im-\\nmediate need of fighting on the seacoast, he organ-\\nized a little army of marines and sailors from his\\nships, which was afterwards joined by a body of\\nadventurers and hunters of the United States, and\\nalso by Lieutenant-Colonel P remont, an officer of the\\nUnited States Army, who had been sent into that\\nregion to explore the country, and who had already\\ndone some fighting with the little band under his\\ncommand.\\nLos Angeles, the Mexican cajntal of California, was\\nattacked and taken. Commodore Stockton now de-\\nclared himself the contpieror of California, and organ-\\nized a ]:)rovisional government for the captured territory,\\naji]K)inting John C. Premont as governor.", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0260.jp2"}, "261": {"fulltext": "253\\nAt the same lime, however, there was another Jer-\\nseyman in the field intent upon the capture of Cali-\\nfornia. This was Cieneral Ste])hen Kearney, an army\\nofficer who had made a wonderful march across the\\nplains and mountains towards the coast. After he\\narrived on the scene, there were several battles with\\nthe Mexican forces and with the Indians; but the con-\\ntest ended in a complete victory for the land forces\\ncommanded by Kearney from Newark, and the naval\\nforces by Stockton from Princeton, under whom Fre-\\nmont held his position.\\nBut now arose a dispute between the (general and\\nthe commodore. When Kearney arrived at Los An-", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0261.jp2"}, "262": {"fulltext": "254\\ngeles, he would not recognize the authority of Fre-\\nmont, who had been appointed governor by Stockton,\\nbecause he considered that an army officer is higher\\nin rank than one in the navy and he took the gov-\\nernorship himself. A court-martial was convened for\\nthe purpose of deciding the question, and it was set-\\ntled that Kearney was of the higher rank, and he\\ntherefore retained the governorship. But between the\\ntwo Jcrseymen the United States obtained the land\\nof gold.\\nA year or two after this, Commodore Stockton re-\\nsigned from the navy, and subsequently went to Con-\\ngress as a senator from New Jersey. But although\\nno longer in the navy, he did not cease to work for\\nthe benefit of the brave sailors he had so often com-\\nmanded and led and he obtained the passage of a bill\\nabolishing the punishment of flogging in the navy, thus\\nadding another great gift to his country and civilization.\\nWhen the country which had been captured from\\nMexico was discovered to be not only a fertile and\\npleasant land, but a land filled with rich treasures of\\ngold, the true value of the gift made to the United\\nStates by our two Jersey men became known and ap-\\npreciated and the names of Stockton and Kearney,\\nwith that of the brave Fremont, will ever be asso-\\nciated with that State whose principal water portal is\\nwell called the Golden Gate.\\nTvrnGRArnv nv J. S. Cushinc Co., Norwood, Mass.\\np \\\\\\\\Y.22h-7Q", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0262.jp2"}, "263": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2972", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0263.jp2"}, "264": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0264.jp2"}, "265": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2972", "width": "1845", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0265.jp2"}, "266": {"fulltext": ",cP\\nX c\\n0^\\n,xN\\n-^r.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0J^^\\nf\\nV\\nV\\nA 9.\\nA,^ o o\\nV\\nv^\\no.\\nr .v-c-^:.-/.\\n,0^\\n^Z\\nc^ A^ yj^^^ c\\nV .^v^MV.- ^^_^.\\n.^^r^\\nOi-\\nv", "height": "2940", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0266.jp2"}, "267": {"fulltext": "v 0\\no V\\n^O.\\n.0^\\n-i c\\n.A.\\n-0^\\nVV MANCHESTER\\nINDIANA\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0X", "height": "3013", "width": "1918", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0267.jp2"}, "268": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3111", "width": "1996", "jp2-path": "newjerseyfromdis00stoc_0268.jp2"}}