{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3573", "width": "2210", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "REPORTS\\nRELATIVE TO\\nTHE BOUNDARY LINE\\nBETWEEN\\nMARYLAND AND VIRGINIA.", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "h /}/7\\n3 J .-zf-", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "SENATE DOC. No. 21.\\nREPORT\\nRELATIVE TO\\nTHE BOUNDARY LINE\\nBETWEEN\\nMARYLAND AND VIRGINIA.\\nJANUARY g, i860.\\nRICHMON D\\nCLEMMITT A JONES, BOOK AND JOB PRINTERS.\\n1874.\\n4^-", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "REPORT.\\nCity of Washington, Dec. 21, 1859.\\nTo the Honorable the Legislature of the State of Virginia\\nThe undersigned, commissioners upon the question of boundary\\nbetween the States of Maryland and Virginia, in virtue of the authority x?f\\nthe Acts of Assembly under which they respectively hold their commis-\\nsions, beg leave respectfully to report\\nThat they met at Washington city on the 18th August, 1858, and made\\nthe subjoined application (marked A) to the honorable Secretary of War,\\nfor the services of an officer of the United States engineers to aid them in\\nthe discharge of their duties.\\nThat in accordance with this request, the honorable Secretary of War\\nkindly and promptly responded, by detailing Lieut. N. Michler, U. S. topo-\\ngraphical engineers.\\nThat the commissioners again met, by appointment, at New Creek, Va.,\\nand, with Lieut. Michler, proceeded thence to the locality of the Fairfax\\nstone.\\nThe spot and stone were easily recognized and identified, Sept., 19th,\\n1858, by the commissioners and Lieut. Michler.\\nThe following gentlemen did them the honor to accompany them, viz\\nJames R. Partridge, Esq., Secretary of State of Maryland, Hugh Lennox\\nBond, Esq., of Baltimore, Philip Pendleton, Esq., of Alleghany county,\\nMaryland, and John Coneway, the guide.\\nThis duty performed, the petitioners again met, September 30, when, in\\ncompany with Lieut. Michler, they proceeded to the eastern shore of Mary-\\nland and Virginia.\\nWhilst at Horn town, Va., the accompanying instructions (marked B and\\nC) for commencing the duties entrusted to him, were agreed upon and given\\nto Lieut. Michler.\\nThe commissioners- met again at Baltimore, October 28th, and addressed\\nthe additional instructions (marked D) to Lieut. Michler.\\nThe accompanying report and maps of Lieut. Michler show the progress\\nof the work up to this date and we submit his estimates as the basis of ap-", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "propriations for the erection of permanent and prominent monuments to\\nmark such boundary lines as said States may concur in establishing.\\nThe commissioners take this opportunity of acknowledging the zeal and\\nintelligence of Lieut. Michler, and of returning to him their thanks for the\\nable manner in which he has discharged his duties, and recommend a suita-\\nble compensation be made for his services.\\nThey are also under great obligations to the superintendent of the U. S.\\ncoast survey, for much valuable information contained in a number of tra-\\ncings of manuscripts maps of the topography in the vicinity of the eastern\\nshore boundary.\\nANGUS w. McDonald,\\nCommissioner for Virginia.\\nTHOMAS J. LEE,\\nCommissioner for Maryland,\\nA\\nWashington, Aug. 19th, 1858.\\nSir,\\nThe undersigned, commissioners for the States of Virginia and Mary-\\nland, to retrace and mark the boundary lines between the two States, have\\nthe honor to request, with the approbation of the Governors of their respect-\\nive States, the assistance of the general Government, and that the colonel of\\nthe corps of topographical engineers of the United States army be author-\\nized by you to detail an officer of that corps, skilled in astronomy, and fur-\\nnished with the necessary instruments, to be placed in charge of the parties\\nto be employed upon the above duty.\\nIt is our desire, should our request be granted, that the officer detailed\\nshould not be a native or citizen of either of the two States we represent.\\nWe desire to proceed with the execution of the work as early as prac-\\nticable.\\nWe have the honor to be, sir,\\nVery respectfully,\\n(Signed) ANGUS W. McDONALD,\\nCommr for Virginia.\\nTHOS. J._ LEE,\\nCommr for Maryland.\\nHon. John B. Floyd, Secretary of War.", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "B\\nCommission for Tracing the Boundary Lines between Maryland and Virginia.\\nHoBNTOWN, Accomac County, Va.\\nOctober 2, 1858.\\nSir,\\nThe commissioners desire that you proceed at once to obtain, by ac-\\ntual survey, as accurately as possible, a plat of the old Scarborough line,\\ntraced somewhere about the year 1668, from near the mouth of the Poco-\\nmoke to the sounds near the sea and also a continuation of this line, west-\\nwardly along and near the north shore of Pocomoke bay, to Tangier sound.\\nIt is supposed that there is still standing some old marks of the Scarbo-\\nrough line, but that nevertheless, where these marks do not exist, a close\\napproximation can be had from the limits of the lands of those persons\\nowning adjacent to it.\\nYou will please, therefore, ascertain as you progress, and mark on your\\nplat, as nearly as you can, the names of the proprietors on each side of the\\nline, with the limits of their tracts adjoining it, noting the parts of the line\\nthat are now acknowledged and adopted as such, and those parts that may\\nbe still in doubt.\\nIt is inferred, from documents in possession of the commissioners, that the\\ncommission of 1668 did not mark the line west of the Pocomoke, and that,\\nin all probability, you will find no marks to guide you. You must therefore\\nbe governed in the direction of your line westwardly from the Pocomoke to\\nTangier sound, by the main or average direction of the whole line on the\\neast side of the river (the line dividing Worcester from Accomac). It is\\nequally desirable to note, along this portion of your work, the names of\\nthe proprietors, and limits on said line of lands of each, with the location of all\\ndwellings and improvements adjacent, and also the limits of marsh and firm\\nground, upon the southern side of your line especially.\\nAs the preliminary step of the commissioners is merely to obtain the best\\nlocal information, you will, to avoid misapprehe^nsion on the part of thosp\\ninterested, please explain to them the object of your survey.\\nThe originals of your notes and plat you will for the present retain in\\nyour possession, subject to the future orders of the commissioners, and trans-\\nmit to each of them a certified copy of the plat, with such explanation as\\nyou deem essential.\\nTo carry out these instructions, you will be allowed to employ one assist-\\nant (a surveyor and draughtsman) at a compensation of four dollars per day", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "6\\nfor the time lie may be employed, and such number of laborers as you may\\ndeem necessary, having strict regard to economy in your expenditures.\\nYou will please submit an estimate of what amount of funds you will re-\\nquire for the present.\\nWe are, sir, very respectfully,\\nA. w. McDonald,\\nComr for Virginia.\\nTHOMAS J. LEE,\\nCom r for Maryland.\\nLieut. N. Michler, U. S. Top. EngWs.\\nCommission for Tracing the Boundary Lines between Maryland and Virginia.\\nHoRNTOWN, Accomac County, Va.,\\nOctober 4th, 1858.\\nSir,\\nAt the conclusion of the preliminary examination you are instructed\\nto make by our letter of October 2d, you will please proceed to the Fairfax\\nstone, at the head of the North Branch of the Potomac, as ascertained and\\nidentified by us on the 19th September last, and prosecute, as far as the\\nseason will permit, such astronomical observations as may be requisite to\\ndetermine the direction of a meridianal line from this point to the Pennsyl-\\nvania line.\\nAs it is not probable that the whole of this line could be traced this fall,\\nyou will for the present confine yourself to the astronomical part merely,\\nand to establishing as many distant points along the line as you may deem\\nessential, as checks to the surveys in tracing and marking the same.\\nFor which purpose you are authorized to retain the services of your as-\\nsistant, at the same compensation, and to employ such laborers as you may\\nrequire.\\nYou will please, also, inform us of the probable amount of funds you may\\nrequire for this service.\\nWe are, sir, very respectfully,\\nA. w. McDonald,\\nComrnr for Virginia.\\nTHOS. J. LEE,\\nCommW for Maryland.\\nLt. N. Michler, U. 8. Topo. EngWs.", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "D\\nBaltimoee, October 28tli, 1858.\\nSir:\\nIn addition to the instructions contained in our joint letter of\\nOctober 2d, you will please extend your survey to tbat portion of islands in\\nChesapeake bay, through which the Maryland and Virginia boundary is\\nsupposed to pass, between Watkins Point and Smith s Point, so as to give\\nthe commissioners, as nearly as you can, the names of the landholders upon\\neach side, with the extent of the lands of each along the line.\\nAnd as it appears that the United States coast survey topography does\\nnot at present include what is now called the mouth of the Potomac river,\\nyou will also include that in your surveys.\\nBy joining these detached surveys with the nearest coast survey trigno-\\nmetrical point, we will be enabled, with the aid of that triangulation, to\\nlocate them accurately upon a general map, if necessary.\\nANGUS w. McDonald,\\nCoram r on the part of Va.\\nTHOS. J. LEE,\\nCommr for Maryland.\\nMr. Michler will please send each of us accurate copies of the above by\\nmail.\\nA. w. McDonald.\\nLt. N. Michler,\\nTJ. /S. Topo. Engrs.\\nLIEUT. MICHLER S REPORT.\\nMaryland and Virginia Boundary Survey Oefice,\\nWashington, D. C, December 20, 1859.\\nGentlemen,\\nAgreeably to orders from the War department, dated Adju-\\ntant General s Office, Washington, August 20th, 1858, I had the honor of\\nbeing assigned, in accordance with your request, to the special service of\\nassisting you in tracing and marking the boundary lines between your re-\\nspective States, Maryland and Virginia. Copies of said orders were en-\\noloBed to each of you, by letters addressed you on the 27th of August, 1858.", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "8\\nI now have tte pleasure, in pursuance of the several instructions since\\nreceived from you, and in compliance with your wishes, as expressed in the\\ndifferent conferences held upon the subject, of submitting to you a report of\\nthe progress made of the survey under my charge, comprising the labor on\\nthe ground, and the subsequent mapping of certain portions of the field\\nnotes and also to call your attention to such matters as remain to be at-\\ntended to in order to render the work complete.\\nIn the accompanying Appendix will be found copies of each and all the\\nseveral official communications which have passed between us, including both\\ninstructions, reports and estimates also a copy of the original grant made\\nto the baron of Baltimore, defining the confines of the lands constituting the\\nold colony of Maryland the agreement of the commissioners of 1668 and\\nalso a copy of an extract from the records of the Virginia Land office, de-\\nfining the position of the locality designated Smith s Point, at the mouth of\\nthe Potomac river all arranged in the order of their respective dates.\\nOn the 19th of September, 1858, by invitation of the commissioners, I\\nvisited, in company with several other gentlemen, the head springs of the\\nnorth branch of the Potomac, to ascertain the position of, and identify\\nFairfax stone, planted near said springs by the commissioners appointed\\nto fix the limits of the immense tract granted Lord Fairfax, between the\\nRappahannock and the Potomac. Upon finding it, I was directed to assume\\nit as the initial point of the western meridianal line, which subsequently the\\ncommissioners requested me to trace.\\nAgain, during the latter part of the same month, and the first days of\\nOctober, I accompanied the commissioners to the Eastern shore of Maryland\\nand Virginia, to ascertain the existence and nature of any marks along the\\nboundary line between Smith s Point, at the mouth of the Potomac and the\\nAtlantic ocean, stretching across the Chesapeake bay and the peninsula of\\nthe Eastern shore.\\nThe result of these examinations was the reception of the joint instruc-\\ntions of the commissioners, dated severally on the 2nd, 4th and 28th of Oc-\\ntober, 1858, and which I successively proceeded to comply with at such pe-\\nriods of time as circumstances would permit.\\nMy attention was first drawn to that section of the boundary line between\\nthe States, referred to in the charter from the English crown to Cacilius,\\nbaron of Baltimore, of which the following is an extract\\nAll that part of the peninsula, or chersonese, lying in the parts of Ame-\\nrica, between the ocean on the east, and the bay of Chesapeake on the west,\\ndivided from the residue thereof by a right line, drawn from the promontory)\\nor head land, called Watkins Point, situate upon the bay aforesaid, near the\\nriver of Wighco on the west, unto the main ocean on the east.\\nThe Watkins Point here referred to was designated by the commissioners,\\nPhilip Calvert, chancellor of the colony of Maryland, and Edmund Scar-\\nborough, surveyor general of the colony of Virginia, in certain articles of", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "agreement, drawn up and signed by them, June 25th, 1668, after discharging\\ntheir duties, as the point of land made by the north side of Pocomoke bay\\nand the south side of Annamessex bay. At the same time the divisional\\nline between the two colonies was described to be, an east line ran with the\\nextremest part of the westernmost angle of said Watkins Point over Poco-\\nmoke river, and thence over Swansecute s creek, unto the marsh of the sea-\\nside, with apparent marks and boundaries.\\nYour instructions of the 2d of October, 1858, desired me to proceed at\\nonce to obtain, by actual survey, as accurately as possible, a plot of the old\\nScarborough line, traced somewhere about the year 1668, from near the\\nmouth of the Pocomoke to the sounds near the sea, and also a continuation\\nof this line westwardly along and near the north shore of Pokomoke bay to\\nTangier sound.\\nIn accordance with these instructions, I proceeded to Horntown, Accomac\\ncounty, Virginia, south of and within a few miles of the line now recognized\\nas the boundary by those residing along and near it, and on the 29th of No-\\nvember commenced the duties assigned me. My party consisted of one as-\\nsistant surveyor, Mr. John de la Camp, and five men, employed as chain-\\nmen, rodmen and instrument bearers. At first considerable delay was ex-\\nperienced in consequence of the frequent rains, which prevented the party\\nfrom taking the field, but subsequently the weather proved very favorable\\nand propitious for the survey. The instruments used during the execution\\nof this portion of the work, comprised a very excellent Brunner theodolite\\nfor obtaining all horizontal angles, and a steel chain of fifty feet in length\\nfor measuring distances. To test the accuracy of these measurements, angles\\nwere frequently taken from the several successive stations to some one promi-\\nnent object, visible from each; or, where this could not be done, the same\\ncommon points would be connected by different surveys along the several\\nroads between them, each being a verification of the other. It was impossi-\\nble to triangulate across the peninsula, owing to the extremely level nature\\nof the country, and being heavily timbered with pine the expense of cut-\\nting the numerous lines of sight and of building stands for the instruments,\\nto say nothing of the great loss of time, was not warranted by the nature of\\nthe work. It is well known to the honorable commissioner from Maryland,\\nthat on a previous examination made by himself, when on duty connected\\nwith the United States coast survey, that a not very favorable report\\nwas made by him as to the practicability of connecting the triangulations\\non the Atlantic coast with that down the Chesapeake bay, across or in the\\nneighborhood of this very belt of country. The survey was also checked by\\nconnecting it both on the Atlantic coast, and on the shores of Pocomoke bay,\\nTangier sound and Chesapeake bay, with many stations of the United States\\ncoast survey triangulation. This connection is particularly advantageous in\\nenabling the results of the recent survey to be laid down accurately upon\\nany general maps of the two States, should it be desirable to do eo at any", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "10\\nfuture time. With a small Schmaloalder compass, numerous reconnoisances\\nof roads and lanes and trails were made adjacent to the main work. For\\nthe sake of general information, these are laid down in connection with the\\nmore accurate survey along the line. In order to unite the present line with\\nsome permanent, fixed place, as a point of reference, the survey was com-\\nmenced in the principal street of the town of Horntown. It is also con-\\nnected with other well known localities as New Church, Wagram, Pitt s\\nwharf and Shelltown. An accurate plot of Horntown, as it appeared on\\nthe 29th of November, 1858, is one of the results of our labors. From this\\ninitial point the line of survey was carried along the State road leading to\\nSnowhill, as far as its intersection with what the citizens of the two States,\\nresiding in the neighborhood, now recognize as the boundary line thence it\\ncontinued towards the east, along or near this line, to the shore line of the\\nmarsh near Chincoteague bay. Afterwards it was resumed at the point of\\nintersection with the State road, and a line run westwardly and continu-\\nously along and near the designated boundary to the Pocomoke river.\\nHaving ascertained from these surveys the general direction of the marked\\nline between Chincoteague bay and the Pocomoke river, this course was pre-\\nserved in the survey made beyond this last river, as far as the shore line of\\nJane s island, bordering on Tangier sound, only deviating from it when com-\\npelled by the nature of the country.\\nIn explanation of the manner in which the work was executed, I must\\nsay that no one direction or course was assumed and run, but that the sur-\\nvey was made along the roads and lanes most convenient to and on either\\nside of the reputed boundary, and at no great distance from it. Sometimes,\\nhowever, when necessary and expedient, it ran across fields or through\\nwoods. This was done to expedite matters as much as possible, as it fre-\\nquently did away with the necessity, and the consequent labor and loss of\\ntime, of cutting long lines of sights through pine woods, when existing roads\\nnot only wind round or through them, but necessarily lead near the more\\nsettled portions of the country. From the main line ofisets were made to\\nor, as more frequently happened, the survey passed immediately by such\\npoints of local interest as were acknowledged by parties in both States as\\nold boundary marks. Some of these marks consisted of old blazed trees\\nsuch as oak, hickory, gum, cherry, persimmon, mulberry and sycamore.\\nNear every point of intersection of the boundary line with the roads leading\\nfrom Virginia into Maryland, the neighbors point out some immense oak,\\nwith its huge, wide-spread branches, venerable with age, which has become\\ncelebrated the country round, as the marriage tree. Under the shade of\\nthese trees, the most noted of all the boundary marks, and just across the\\nline, youthful couples go to be united in holy wedlock fleeing from the\\nwrath of parents, or from the stringency of the marital laws, or perhaps for\\nthe mere pleasure and excitement, ihey run away from home to commit an\\nact, of which many live to repent when too late.", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "11\\nOther marks of the line are to be found in either country roads or lanes,\\nor in divisional fences between the neighboring farms, or in gates, or some-\\ntimes in houses, known and admitted to be such by all persons, irrespective\\nof state the localities being handed down from one generation to another,\\nand their history being recorded in the memories of the oldest inhabitants.\\nNor was there any trouble in ascertaining their position. Either interest\\nas to the correctness of the line, or curiosity to examine the instruments, or\\nto see what was being done or, as frequently happened, the mere want of\\nsomething else to do, or sometimes promptings of mere kindliness of heart,\\ndisposed many persons to offer every assistance in their power, and induced\\nthem to accompany the party for miles on their way, to impart such infor-\\nmation as was desirable, and the obtainance of which might otherwise have\\noccupied a great deal of time not easily spared. Along the whole length of\\nthe line between Chincoteague bay and the Pocomoke river, a distance of\\nbetween eighteen and nineteen miles, there were existing of such marks, at\\nthe time of the survey, thirty trees one gate the site of the ruins of an\\nold house, standing at the time the Scarborough line was run two State\\nroads, located on the line, measuring nearly 10,800 feet making, in all, an\\naverage of one mark for every half mile. At the end of each day, a rough\\nfield plot was made of the work done, and on reaching the Pocomoke these\\nmarks, when laid down on the map, were found to be nearly on the same\\nstraight line. The general direction of this furnished the course, as has been\\npreviously stated, of the survey west of that river.\\nThe instrumental stations of the boundary survey, near the Atlantic ter-\\nminus, were connected with one of the secondary trigonometrical points of\\nthe United States coast survey at Snead s house, and also with several minor\\nlocalities, such as signals, houses, barns, fences, roads and shore lines, as laid\\ndown by their plane table parties, thus making a great many points in com-\\nmon between the two works. In the prolongation of the li e westwardly\\nalong and near the north shore of Pocomoke bay to Tangier sound, several\\nof the coast survey signals, those of the secondary triangulation connected\\nwith the primary one on the Chesapeake bay, came successively in range of\\nour instruments at different points. They are called Marumsco, Watkins\\nPoint, Jane s Island and Horse Hammock, on Smith s islands. As on the\\nAtlantic coast, a great many other points were made common to both\\nsurveys.\\nAlong the line of the entire survey, as desired in your instructions, the\\nnames of the proprietors on each side of the line were accurately ascer-\\ntained, with the limits of their tracts adjoining it. At the same time,\\nthe parts of the line that are now acknowledged and adopted as such, and\\nthose parts that may be still in doubt, were noted. In addition to the\\nabove, the locations of all dwellings and improvements adjacent, together\\nwith their exact horizontal dimensions and relative positions, are established;\\nand alec the limits of marsh and firm ground, including the character of the", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "12\\nlatter, whether cultivated or wooded. A survey of the Pocomoke river, from\\nthe point where the line touches it down to its mouth, was also made. Your\\nadditional instructions of October 28th, 1858, called upon me to extend my\\nsurvey to that portion of islands in Chesapeake bay through which the Mary-\\nland and Virginia boundary is supposed to pass, between Watkins Point and\\nSmith s Point, at the mouth of the Potomac. Although two different ef-\\nforts to reach Smith s islands proved unsuccessful, in consequence of the\\nhigh winds on the Chesapeake, and the extreme cold weather at the time^\\ngreatly interfering with all field work stiir, from the few angles taken on\\nJane s island to different points on the former, with the assistance of the\\ncoast survey sheets, and such information as was gained from the neighbor-\\ning inhabitants, I am able to furnish the information desired by you in your\\ninstructions.\\nThe field work of the Eastern Shore section of the survey having been\\ncompleted, my party returned to Washington on the 1st of December, 1858.\\nThe ofl5ce duties, in connection with the mapping of the field notes, com-\\nmenced at once, and were continued, without interruption, until the first of\\nthe following June, 1859. Preparations were then made to take the field\\nagain, in order to trace and mark the western meridian line through Fairfax\\nstone. During this term of office work, seventeen sheets of maps were con-\\nstructed. Fifteen of these, on a scale of 1-5000, represent topographical\\nfeatures of the country surveyed, drawn in very minute detail setting forth\\nall the facts and information gained during the field operations, as explained\\nin the previous pages of this report; The figures in red ink denote the\\nnumbers of the stations occupied by the instrument in the survey. They\\nare useful in exhibiting the relative position of the present line to the dif-\\nferent landed estates along it, showing also their limits, their character, and\\nthe names of the proprietors. They will also serve as guides in the retracing\\nand remarking of the line, should it be deemed advisable to do it, and now\\nstand as lasting monuments to the exact locality of the line, as it is now\\nknown. Two of these drawings, on a smaller scale of 1-32000, are general\\nmaps of the whole line, compiled from the detailed sheets, and also in part\\nfrom the United States coast survey charts. These latter were kindly placed\\nat my disposal by the officers in charge of the office directing those surveys.\\nBy inspection of these maps, the whole subject of the Eastern Shore section\\nof the survey becomes elucidated. It will be seen, by an examination of the\\nfirst sheet, that the full straight line drawn in red ink between the Chinco-\\nteague bay and the Pocomoke river, starting from this river, and running\\nthence over Swansecute creek unto the marsh of the sea-side, passes\\nthrough, or very nearly so, all the boundary marks, as laid down from the\\nplot of the field notes, and represented on the maps by asterisks. Two only\\nof the marks are at any distance from this straight line, and there not more\\nthan three hundred and fifty feet. This shows that the line originally traced\\nand marked by Scarborough and Calvert was very well executed, consider-", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "13\\ning the inaccuracy of the instruments used in those days. The azimuth, or\\ndirection of this line was 5\u00c2\u00b0 15 north of east at the time of the recent sur-\\nvey, in November, 1858. From a long series of magnetic observations, made\\nby the United States coast survey, the annual change in the variation of the\\nmagnetic needle has been nicely determined. Computing the amount of this\\nchange, which has taken place during the last one hundred and ninety years,\\nand combining it with the actual variation, as obtained at Snead s house, a\\ncoast survey station, it will be found that, at the time Scarborough and Cal-\\nvert first ran the line, in 1568, the variation of the needle must have been\\nnearly, if not quite, 5\u00c2\u00b0 15 north of east. This shows that the direction of\\nthe line then marked by the commissioners was due magnetic east, and that\\nin all probability it was run with a compass, without allowing for any varia-\\ntion of the needle.\\nThe second sheet of the general map exhibits the fact that the line be-\\ntween Chincoteague bay and the Pocomoke river, run with apparent marks\\nand boundaries, when prolonged across the latter river, and along and\\nnear the north shore of Pocomoke bay to Tangier sound, represented on the\\nsecond drawing by a broken red line, reaches the sound at the westernmost\\npoint of Jane s island, about 500 feet south of the coast survey signal planted\\non the same island. No boundary line marks of any kind were found\\nwest of the Pocomoke, and the inhabitants professed to be in ignorance of\\nthe existence of any. Assuming Watkins Point to be a peninsula or neck\\nof land, such as North Point, near Baltimore, or Smith s Point, at the mouth\\nof the Potomac, and not a mere mathematical point, I think the results of\\nthe recent surveys clearly prove its position, as defined by the commissioners,\\nScarborough and Calvert, namely, the point of land made by the north\\nside of Pocomoke bay and the south side of Annamessex bay or that neck\\nof land now known as Little Annamessex. The name of Annamessex\\nbay does not now exist on any of the recent maps. However, there can be\\nbut little doubt that the mouth of the Big Annamessex river, so much resem-\\nbling an inland bay, may have once given rise to the name. Although the\\nangle of this point of land, where the land now strikes the sound, is even at\\nthis day the most western one, still many years ago the land made out into\\nthe sound a much greater distance. Jane s island is said by Captain John\\nNelson, aged 72 years, to have extended, within his recollection, to the present\\nposition of the Light ship, now anchored about a mile and a half out from\\nthe present shore line. Stumps of trees are said to exist in the marshes and\\nin the water between the main land and Watt s island, showing that it pro-\\nbably was once one continuous neck of land as far south as that island. On\\nthe second sheet is also found a map of Smith s islands, the southern ex-\\ntremities of which have always been acknowledged to be within the juris-\\ndiction of Virginia. With the exception of four or five acres of firm ground,\\nmere sites for rude fishermen s huts, the other portions of these islands, south\\nof what is considered the boundary line from Smith s Point to Watkins", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "14\\nPoint, across tlie Chesapeake bay, consists of salt marshes. Drawing the\\nline from Smith s Point, at the mouth of the Potomac, the locality described\\nin the grant of land from Sir William Berkeley to Samuel Smith, dated the\\n18th of March, 1650, across Smith s islands, at or near the point where said\\nline is said to pass, it will be seen that it intersects the prolongation of the\\nScarborough line, very near the anchorage of the Light ship, and where for-\\nmerly existed the shore line. This point of intersection must be very nearly\\nthe position of the initial point, the westernmost angle of Watkins Point,\\nfrom which the old Scarborough line was originally run. The coincidence\\nbetween the relative positions of these lines, and the facts concerning them\\nis very remarkable. A map of the line across Chesapeake is drawn on a\\nscale of 1-128,000, and is found on the second sheet of the general map. It\\nis also seen on the same map, that the land lying south of the prolonged\\nor broken line, is principally marsh the area of the firm land, south of it\\nand west of the Pocomoke, not exceeding eight square miles. This portion\\nof the country, including tne different necks of land known as Pocomoke,\\nMarumsco and Little Annamessex, is now considered to be in the county of\\nSomerset and State of Maryland the people paying taxes and placing them-\\nselves under the jurisdiction of that State. East of the Pocomoke, however,\\nthe marked line is really the divisional one between the two States of Mary-\\nland and Virginia, separating Worcester county in the one State, from Ac-\\ncomac county in the other. It is so recognized by those living in peaceful\\npossession of property on both sides of it. This portion, in several instances*\\nforms the limits of lands between proprietors claiming possession by origi-\\nnal patents derived from one or the other of the respective States these\\npatents calling for the boundary line as the divisional line between adjoining\\ntracts, as near as could be ascertained by enquiry, the following list of land-\\nholders possess such patents, viz\\nFrom Maryland. From Virginia.\\nMrs. Elizabeth Mason. William Rowley.\\nMr. Esa Boston. Mrs. Elizabeth Taylor,\\nHenry Pope. Capt. James Chapman.\\nMrs. Louisa Jane Dennis.\\nMajor Guy Holland.\\nMrs. Elizabeth Seymour.\\nMr. James Payne. Mr. William Aydelott.\\nAlfred Pilcher (lane between). John Brittingham.\\nThe lands of James Aydelott, Thomas Marshall, John Whelton, Solomon\\nMarshall and Samuel T. Ball, call for one common trunk of a tree, a line\\nmark, situated in the marsh between the farms of James Aydelott and Sam-\\nuel T. Ball. This list may be erroneous and incomplete in some respects, as\\nI had no access to the plots of the survey of the two counties.\\nThe following is a list of land proprietors along the marked line between\\nChincoteague bay and the Pocomoke river, and its prolongation to Tangier", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "15\\nsound. The heavy line indicates when the boundary line is the divisional\\nline between adjacent farms. When a name crosses it, the proprietor owns\\nland in both States\\nMaryland side.\\nMrs. Elizabeth Mason.\\nMr. Broughton.\\nEsa Boston (in Newtown).\\nHenry Pope.\\nMajor Guy Holland.\\nMrs. Elizabeth Taylor.\\nVirginia side.\\nWilliam Rowley.\\nMrs. Tabitha Tull\\nHenry Clay Lindsey.\\nMrs. Elizabeth Taylor.\\nCapt. James Chapman.\\nMrs. Louisa Jane Dennis.\\nMrs. Elizabeth Seymour.\\nDr. Pitt.\\nGideon Tull.\\nJames Payne.\\nSamuel Ball.\\nJohn Mills.\\nSamuel Davis.\\nAired Pilcher.\\nDennis mill pond at Wagram\\nCrossing Swansecute creek\\nAlfred Selby.\\nJohn Silverthorn.\\nWilliam Aydelott\\nJames Aydelott.\\nThomas Marshall.\\nJohn Whelton\\nSolomon Marshall.\\nMrs. Harriet Tull.\\nI TuU s mill\\nThomas Hargis (Melville s farm).\\nJohn Brittingham.\\nThomas Slocumb.\\nIrvin Merrill.\\nMrs. L. T. Dennis saw and grist\\nmill.\\nMrs. Louisa Jane Dennis.\\nBenjamin Tull.\\nMrs. Elizabeth Merrill.\\nAfter crossing Pocomoke river, the following is a list of proprietors along\\nand in the neighborhood of the line of survey\\nJohn Melbourne.\\nMrs. Sarah Ann Broughton.\\nS. S. Hoggs.\\nIsaac T. Marshall.\\nJames S. Revell. James S. Revell.\\nWillianl Adams.\\nDaniel Boston.\\nMrs. Susan Bell.\\nStephen Coulbourne.\\nCapt. James Adams.\\nRobert Price s heirs.\\nRichard Davis.", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "16\\n(Crossing Marumsko creek.)\\nSamuel Thomas Adams. James Revell.\\nJames Sanberson.\\nHenry Connor (crossing East creek).\\nJames Bedsworth.\\nDoubtful whether\\ntenants or owners.\\nBenjamin Lankford.\\nJohn Morris,\\nJohn Ward,\\nLorenzo Melbourne.\\nHenry Whittington.\\nCharles Bell.\\nJohn Bell.\\nIsaac Horsey.\\nBenjamin Macready.\\nGeorge S. Handy.\\nWilliam Handy.\\nJames Horsey.\\nEdgar Horsey.\\nMrs. Hennie Horsey.\\nHenry S. Handy.\\n(Crossing Ape s Hole Creek.)\\nLorenzo Daw Lawson.\\nMrs. Elizabeth Hickman.\\nSamuel Danik.\\nJosiah Sterling.\\nAbraham Somers.\\nBenjamin Somers.\\nJohn Riggings,\\nAlbert Horsey.\\nMrs. Grace Sterling.\\nRichard Sterling.\\nWilliam Moore.\\nWilliam Henderson.\\nMrs. Millie Davy.\\nShedrik Sterling.\\nJason Riggings.\\nBenjamin Somers.\\nDavid Sterling.\\nJohn Somers.\\n(Somer s Cove.)\\nT T 1 J f Riggings Somers\\nJ ane s Island. M, x\\n(btone.)\\nJames Faws.\\nMichael Somers,\\nGeorge Evans,\\nSevern Evans,\\nBenjamin Thomas.\\nBy examining the detailed maps, Nos. 13, 14 and 15, it will be seen that\\nthe neck called Little Annamessex, is very thickly settled, presenting\\nmore the appearance of an extended village. The inhabitants are mostly of\\na seafaring character. Besides the small amount of farming done by them,\\ntheir chief occupation seems to be on the water, either fishing, oystering, or\\nin carrying cargoes of potatoes, oysters and other commodities to the Balti-\\nmore market, or other ports on the bay.\\nAlthough only occupied in the field during the month of November, 1858,\\na good portion of which time was either very wet or extremely cold, still I\\nam able to report that, in this time the party surveyed over 41 miles of\\nroads, and measured 1,016 angles with the Brunner theodolite, at the\\nsame time locating all the lands and dwellings along the line of survey.", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "17\\nThe following is a list of the direct distances along the line from the At-\\nlantic coast to Smith s Point, at the mouth of the Potomac\\nFrom the Atlantic coast to west shore of Chincoteague bay, 7.23 miles.\\nFrom west shore of Chincoteague bay to east bank of Pocomoke\\nriver, ig.Ql\\nFrom east bank of Pocomoke river to Jane s Island coast, 14.98\\nFrom Jane s Island coast to Smith s Point (mouth of Potomac), 19.32\\nTotal distance, 60.44 miles.\\nBefore closing the report relating to the survey on the eastern shore of\\nMaryland, and in order that it may not be necessary to refer to the matter\\nagain, I now take the pleasure of stating that all the original maps both de-\\ntailed and general, have been constructed and drawn under my direction,\\nby my assistant, Mr. John de la Camp, to whom I would respectfully call\\nthe attention of the honorable commissioners, for the very able and beau-\\ntiful style in which he has performed this duty, as well as the energetic man-\\nner in which he assisted me whilst prosecuting the field labors. While\\nabsent during the last summer, engaged in tracing and marking the western\\nmeridian line, the office duties were continued and the duplicates of the de-\\ntailed sheet were drawn. In the course of a few weeks I hope to be able\\nto inform you of the completion of both detailed and general maps in du-\\nplicate. A set of these maps is intended for each State. As they are not\\nyet entirely complete, I would respectfully submit them at present to the\\ncommissioners for their inspection, requesting, however, that they may be\\nreturned to this office for final completion, at their very earliest convenience.\\nYour instructions, gentlemen, of October 4th, 1858, contain the following\\nextract\\nAt the conclusion of the preliminary examinations you are instructed\\nto make by our letter of October 2d, you will please proceed to the Fairfax\\nstone, at the head of the North Branch of the Potomac, as ascertained and\\nidentified by us on the 19th of September last, and prosecute, as far as the\\nseason will permit, such astronomical observations as may be requisite to\\ndetermine the direction of a meridianal line from this point to the Pennsyl-\\nvania line.\\nAs the season was already advanced into winter before my party re-\\nturned from the survey on the eastern shore, and the meridianal line being\\nlocated on the top of the Alleghany mountains, the weather would not per-\\nmit me to take the field again until the month of June of this year. Pre-\\nvious to doing so, I had the honor to submit to you an estimate for funds to\\nenable me to prosecute the tracing and marking of the line. On the 5th of\\nJune my party left Washington lor Oakland, Alleghany county, Maryland,\\n3", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "18\\nthe most available point to the scene of our labors. At this place my ar-\\nrangements, such as the purchase of supplies and camp equipage, were made\\npreparatory to establishing my first camp. The instruments used on the\\nwork were again furnished me by the bureau of topographical engineers, and\\nconsisted of a large portable astronomical transit, a zenith telescope, a sextant\\nand artificial horizon, two theodolites, three surveyor s compasses, with\\nchains and pins, two cistern barometers, one sidereal and two mean solar\\nbox chronometers, together with other necessary articles appertaining to\\nsuch surveys. In consequence of the more varied and laborious nature of\\nthis duty, my party, this season, had increased numbers. It consisted of one\\nprincipal surveyor, Mr. John de la Camp one computer, Mr. Louis Daser\\none guide, five men as instrument bearers, rodmen and chainmen one at-\\ntendant on observatory from five to ten axe-men, according to circum-\\nstances, and one cook. The transportation of instruments, provisions and\\ncamp equipage from Oakland to Arnold s farm, the nearest and most ac-\\ncessible spot to the initial point for wagons, and the subsequent packing\\nthem on the backs of the men, for nearly a mile up and down steep faces of\\nthe mountain, was attended with considerable labor and difiiculty. Neither\\non this, the first moving, nor on any subsequent occasion, when changing\\nfrom camp to camp, was the trouble and anxiety light, in consequence either\\nof the absence of or the impassable condition of the roads of the country,\\nor the constant dread of some accident happening to the delicate parts of\\nthe instruments. Any false step or neglect might have delayed the work for\\na long time, before they could be repaired or replaced by others.\\nThe party reached the head springs of the north branch of the Potomac\\non the 17th of June. To avoid the porterage over the mountain of tents\\nand their appurtenances, very convenient and commodious huts were built\\nfor shelter at night and from rain. This camp was a most beautiful one,\\nsurrounded by immense forest trees of every variety, peculiar to the Alle-\\nghanies, forming the densest and most delightful shade, supplied from\\nsprings of the most deliciously cool water, and furnished with every desira-\\nble comfort sometimes even delicacies, in the shape of game the life was\\ntruly a very agreeable one. The occasional visits from friends formed plea-\\nsant episodes, and made the time pass most delightfully. The view from it\\nwas but limited, as the massive growth forbid any far penetration of sight.\\nThe initial point of the work, the oft mentioned, oft spoken of Fairfax\\nStone, stands on a spot encircled by several small streams flowing from the\\nsprings about it. It consists of a rough piece of sandstone, indifferent and\\nfriable, planted to the depth of a few feet in the ground, and rising a foot\\nor more above the surface. Shapeless in form, it would scarce attract the\\nattention of the passer by. The finding of it was without difiiculiy, and its\\nrecognition and identification, by the inscription Ffx, now almost oblit-\\nerated by the corroding action of Water and air. In order not to disturb the", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "19\\nstone, the first observatory was built immediately in rear of it. The instru-\\nment used in ascertaining the direction of the line at the first principal\\nstation, the middle point of the Fairfax Stone, was a large portable astro-\\nnomical transit by Wurdemann, employed in connection with a sidereal\\nchronometer. It was placed in position on the meridian, by the method of\\nhigh and low stars. An open cut was then made through the timber, vary-\\ning from twenty to twenty- five feet, so as to give a clear line of sight to the\\nnext highest point to the north, on the top of the ridge on the backbone of\\nthe Alleghanies. When brought into the field of view of the instrument, a\\nsignal was placed on the ridge in the direction of the line, by means of gun-\\npowder flashes at night, the distance being too great to direct the movements\\nof a flag by day. Thus the position of the second principal station was\\nestablished. Any intermedi^ate points on low intervening ridges, visible\\nfrom the instrument, were then marked without disturbing its posi-\\ntion. The low valleys of flats between said points were afterwards run and\\ncut out by prolonging the direction with a small theodolite. To give sta-\\nbility to the transit whenever used, it was always set up upon stone piers,\\nbuilt of the best material at hand. The stones were rudely dressed, and\\nsunk some three feet into the earth. Upon removing the instrument from\\nthe first principal station, a monument of stone was erected to mark the spot\\nwhere it stood. It was then carried to the second principal station the\\nsame work gone through with as at Fairfax Stone. By sighting back to the\\nfirst monument the transit was at once placed in position on the meridian\\nand observations on high and low stars verified the accuracy of the line.\\nThe same process was gone through with at every succeeding transit station.\\nThe point on the backbone of the mountains is well marked by nature, as it\\nstands on a sharp ridge, and within a few feeet of its highest point. The\\nview from this point was most extensive and magnificent. The eye could\\nlook for miles in every direction. The valleys of the Cheat, the Blackwater,\\nthe Potomac and the Youghiogney rivers, all could be traced early in the\\nmorning or late at evening, by the white lines of delicate fog rising up from\\nthe water. To the south lay impenetrable forests, whilst to the north farms\\nand glades were spead out before the admiring gaze. A visit to this station,\\nnot far from the head springs of the Youghiogheny, is well worth the trou-\\nble of the traveler.\\nFrom this the third principal station was established on Lauer hill, be-\\nsides several others on the low ridges between. The position is not a very\\nhigh one, and much more accessible than the rest. Between these two the\\nline intersects the Horse Shoe Run road and the Northwest turnpike. The\\nfourth principal station was on the top of Snaggy mountain. Before reach-\\ning it, the line crosses the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. From the top of\\nthis mountain another very extended landscape is presented to the eye.\\nThis is truly the most important of all the stations along the line, as from", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "20\\nit you can overlook with the transit nearly the entire length of the merid-\\nianal line. It is also a well marked position by nature, in consequence of\\nits great altitude and the small area of its summit. From the fact of the\\nline passing immediately over the highest point, it becomes a prominent land-\\nmark.\\nThe fifth principal transit station is on Fike s hill, a spur of Briarry\\nmountain. It is but a few miles to the north of the village of Cranesville,\\nthe line passing only a short distance to the east of that place. From this\\nstation the meridian marks were established by flashes on Evans hill and\\nSickles hill, to the north the latter a mile south of Mason and Dixon s\\nline, the southern boundary of Pennsylvania.\\nThis last distance, like all the intermediate ones between the principal sta-\\ntions, was run with the Brunner theodolite. It was impossible to see the\\npoint of intersection of the meridian and Pennsylvania lines from the last\\ntransit station, owing to its low position. Mason and Dixon s line is here\\nmarked by stakes, surrounded by heaps of loose stones, one mile apart\\nfrom each other. By tracing the line between these marks, its juncture with\\nthe meridian was determined. This terminating point is alongside of the\\nturnpike leading from Cranberry summit, on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad,\\nto Smythfield, in Pennsylvania, and within a few feet of where the road\\ncrosses the boundary of the last State. Its position is therefore easily found. A\\nmonument of cut stone designates the spot. Each of the principal stations\\nand also the intersection of the line with the Northwest turnpike and the\\nrailroad, are marked in the same way. The total length of the western me-\\nridian is about 37 miles. With the exception of a few miles along the entire\\ndistance, a broad, open cut from twenty to forty feet through a heavily tim-\\nbered country has been made, which will serve to mark it for many years to\\ncome. The gap varies in width according to the size of the timber, and de-\\npends much upon the overhanging branches. The trees were felled outward\\nfrom the line, and a sufficiently broad opening made to prevent the limbs\\nfrom interfering with an open vista through its length. Within 4,132 feet\\nnorth of Fairfax stone, the line crosses the north branch of the Potomac, the\\nstream making a bend to the west and north from the springs, before assum-\\ning its general course towards the east. It has a narrow sheet of water there\\ntwenty feet from bank to bank, running through laurel swamps. This point\\nwas marked by planting a heavy stake. The meridian, starting from one of\\nthe highest points of the Alleghanies, has been traced north to the Pennsyl-\\nvania line over the tops of some of the roughest and most inaccessible por-\\ntions of those mountains. It passes over ridges and glades, and the narrow\\nand pent up valleys of several mountain streams flowing both to the east and\\nto the west, and occasionally through some open field. There were very few\\nclearings along it. In the first place, the country does not become very", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "21\\nthickly settled until north of the railroad and in the second place, many\\nportions of the lands along it are so indifferently poor, that as long as so much\\nbetter is to be found, but little inducement is offered to settle there.\\nAgain, as so much doubt existed among the inhabitants as to the true po-\\nsition of the line, many were deterred from making any improvements along\\nit. The meridian as traced by me last summer, differs from all previous lines\\nrun some varying too far to the east, others too far to the west. The oldest\\none, and that generally adopted by the inhabitants as the boundary line,\\npasses to the east and from measurements made to it, I found that it was\\nnot very correctly run. The surveyor s compass was used for the purpose,\\nand some incorrect variation of the needle allowed. Owing to the thick and\\nheavy growth of timber, it is utterly impossible to run a straight line cor-\\nrectly through it, without first opening a line of sight. It could only be ap-\\nproximately done.\\nWhen north of the railroad, and the nearer the Pennsylvania line is ap-\\nproached, the settlements and farms become more numerous; and if the meri-\\ndian line is adopted as the boundary, it will cause great litigation, as the\\npatents of most of the lands call for the boundary as their limits. On\\nthe Pennsylvania boundary the new line is about three-quarters of a mile\\nwest of the old; on the railroad, feet; at Weill s field, 85 feet; on the\\nNorthwest turnpike, about 40 feet; and on the Backbone, about 20 feet. The\\nmeridian was traced by me, with the assistance of Mr. L. Daser. At all the\\nprincipal stations, astronomical observations on north and south stars were\\nmade with a Gamby sextant and artificial horizon for latitude and also a\\nseries of barometrical readings, taken with Green s cistern barometers at\\nmany points. These last were often interrupted, however, and no connected\\nor continuous set obtained, owing to the necessity of myself and assist-\\nant absenting ourselves from camp, either to establish distant signals or to\\nsuperintend the cutting out of the line. The necessary computations for\\ngetting the heights of the different mountain points have not yet been\\nmade, but a profile of the line will be furnished in connection with the\\nmaps of the western meridian, whenever authority is granted me to make\\nthem. The latitudes have already been completed. Observations with the\\ntransit upon the moon and moon culminating stars, to obtain the longitude\\nof the line, during parts of three successive lunations, were also made, but\\nthe results have not yet been computed.\\nAt the same time that I was engaged in tracing and marking the meridian,\\nother field operations were being conducted by my principal assistant sur-\\nveyor, Mr. de la Camp. I had placed him in charge of a party to survey all\\nthe roads, streams, trails and lands in the neighborhood of the line, and also\\nto sketch in all the general topographical features of the country. In running\\nhis line of surveys, he at the same time measured with the vertical circle of", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "22\\nthe theodolite the angles of elevation and depression of the different courses,\\nso that a true representation of the character of those mountainous regions\\ncan be given on the maps. This system of leveling, combined with the lines\\nof levels run along the track of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad; and the\\nbarometrical measurements, made at the principal stations, will furnish a\\ngreat deal of useful information supplying the elevations above the level of\\nthe sea, of many interesting local points along and in the neighborhood of\\nthe line. These surveys were conducted as far as the monument erected on\\nthe railroad, although still some incomplete work remains to be attended to\\nsouth of it. The belt of country beneath the railroad and the Pennsylvania\\nline has also still to be surveyed along the line. The lateness of the season\\nwould not have permitted the completion of this work, even if the necessary\\nfunds had been available at the time. The distances along the line were\\nalso measured between Fairfax Stone and Stahl s hill, and stakes between ten\\nand twelve feet high above the ground, and some four inches in diameter, were\\nalso planted as marks, in addition to the stone monuments at the principal\\nstations. These monuments varied from four to six feet above the ground,\\nabout two feet square on the base, and capped with a small pyramidical\\nstone.\\nThe following is a list of monuments, stakes, their localities, and the dis-\\ntances between them, as far as measured or obtained from their differences of\\nlatitude\\nSTATIONS.\\nDistance in\\nfeet.\\nLatitudes.\\nFairfax stone monument\\n39\u00c2\u00b0 11^ 33^^ obs.\\nStake at crossing of North Branch,\\n4131\\n6816\\n9302\\n15243\\n19704\\n22246\\n25273\\n26672\\n29961\\n34082\\n37956\\n41617\\n45857\\n49554\\n52591\\n62833\\n106544\\n138922\\n192751\\nStake on Arnold s hill\\nStake at crossing of Laurel run\\nMonument on Backbone\\n39\u00c2\u00b0 14 04 comp.\\nStake at crossing of first branch of Youghiogheny river,\\nStake on Freeland s hill\\nStake at crossing of main branch of Youghiogheny river,\\nStake on John Roth s hill\\nStake at intersection of Horse-shoe road\\nStake on Hentze s hill\\nStake at intersection of Weill s road\\nStake at intersection of Reinhard s road\\nMonument at intersection of turnpike\\n39\u00c2\u00ab 19^06 comp.\\nStake at intersection of road to Oakland\\nStakeon Stahl s hill\\nMonument on Lauer hill\\n39\u00c2\u00b0 21 ^4 obs.\\nMonument on Snaggy hill\\n39\u00c2\u00b0 29 06 obs.\\nMonument on Fike s hill\\n39\u00c2\u00b0 34 26 obs.\\nMason and Dixon s parallel\\n39\u00c2\u00b0 43 18 obs.", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "Distance from Fairfax Stone to Mason and Dixon s line, is 36.6 statute\\nmiles.\\nOn the 27tli of September last, I tad the honor to report to the commis-\\nsioners that the last monument at the intersection of the western meridian\\nline and Mason and Dixon s line on the 23d of the same month. The time\\noccupied in tracing and marking the meridianal line was longer than at first\\ncalculated upon. The unpropitious weather at the commencement of the\\nwork during the latter part of June, and near the close of our labors from\\nthe 15th to the 22d of September often prevented all field work. Heavy\\nrains at those times interfered very much with the progress of the survey.\\nThe dense growth of timber along the line, the excessively rugged nature of\\nthe country, much more so, than at first anticipated, the few cleared fields en-\\ncountered in consequence of the doubt as to the exact locality of the line the\\ndiflBculty of transportation and many other reasons all caused a great deal\\nof delay, and rendered the expenses of the work much greater than at first\\nestimated for. I beg leave to inform the commissioners of the very able as-\\nsistance rendered me by my assistants in conducting the field labors, in con-\\nnection with the marking and tracing of the western meridian. I would also\\ntake this opportunity of oflicially informing them of the many acts of kind-\\nness shown myself and party by all whom we were so fortunate to meet,\\nwhilst prosecuting the duties to which, by your request, I have been assigned,\\nand take this method to return our many thanks to them.\\nUpon returning to Washington, my party were all discharged, retaining\\nonly Mr. de la Camp as draughtsman, to complete the unfinished maps of\\nthe Eastern Shore section. It will probably take until the end of the next\\nJanuary to finish them in toto.\\nOn the fourth of October, 1859, I submitted an estimate for office work to\\nthe commissioners, in connection with the plotting of the notes of the surveys\\nduring the summer. In reply, I was directed by them to suspend for the\\npresent any work upon the maps of the Western meridianal line.\\nIn conclusion, I would respectfully flEber for your consideration, an esti-\\nmate for completing the field works on the western line, planting additional\\nmonuments, and to make the maps of said line also to trace and mark the\\nEastern Shore section.\\nTo complete Western section drawings, $3,000 00\\nTo complete field work on Western section, including marking of\\nboundary, 1,900 00\\nTo complete Eastern Shore section 800 00\\nContingencies 300 00\\n$6,000 00", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "24\\nThis sum total, six thousand dollars, has to be divided between the two\\nStates, requiring from each the sum of three thousand dollars. The proba-\\nble time it will take to complete the field work and drawings is eight months\\nand I would request that I may be enabled to commence operations at the\\nvery earliest convenient date.\\nThe above estimate is made, supposing the meridian line is the boundary\\nline, or approximately for any other line of a proportional length, that may\\nbe adopted by the two States, as the nature of the country would in either\\ncase be similar.\\nI am, gentlemen, very respectfully,\\nYour ob t servant,\\nN. MICHLER,\\nLieut. Top. Engrs. U. S. A.\\nIn charge of Survey.\\nAngus W. McDonald, Esq.,\\nCommissioner for Virginia.\\nThos. J. Lee, Esq.,\\nCommissioner for Maryland.", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "25\\nCommission for Tracing the Boundary Lines between Maryland and Virginia.\\nHoBKTOWN, Accom,ac County, Va.,\\nOctober 2, 1858.\\nSir,\\nThe commissioners desire that you proceed at once to obtain, by\\nactual survey, as accurately as possible, a plat of. the old Scarborough line.\\ntraced some where about the year 1668, from near the mouth of the Poco-\\nmoke to the sounds near the sea and also a continuation of this line west-\\nwardly, along and near the north shore of Pocomoke bay, to Tangier sound.\\nIt is supposed that there are still standing some old marks of the Scarbo-\\nrough line, but that, nevertheless, when these marks do not exist, a close\\napproximation can be had from the limits of the lands of those persons\\nowning adjacent to it.\\nYou will please, therefore, ascertain as you progress, and mark on your\\nplat, as nearly as you can, the names of the proprietors on each side of the\\nline, with the limits of their tracts adjoining it, noting the parts of the line\\nthat are now acknowledged and adopted as such, and those parts that may\\nbe still in doubt.\\nIt is inferred, from documents in possession of the commissioners, that the\\ncommission of 1668 did not mark the line west of the Pocomoke, and that\\nin all probability you will find no marks to guide you. You must, therefore\\nbe governed, in the direction of your line westwardly from the Pocomoke to\\nTangier sound, by the mean or average direction of the whole line on the\\neast side of the river (the line dividing Worcester from Accomac). It is\\nequally desirable to note, along this portion of your work, the names of the\\nproprietara, and limits on said line of the lands of each, with the location of\\nall dwellings and improvements adjacent, and also the limits of marsh and\\nfirm ground, upon the southern side of your line especially.\\nAs the preliminary step of the commissioners is merely to obtain the best\\nlocal information, you will, to avoid misapprehension on the part of those\\ninterested, please explain to them the object of your survey.\\nThe originals of your notes and plat you will for the present retaip in\\nyour possession, subject to the future orders of the commissioners, and trans-\\nmit to each of them a certified copy of the plat, with such explanations as\\nyou may deem essential.\\nTo carry out these instructions, you will be allowed to employ one assist-\\nant (a surveyor and draughtsman) at a compensation of four dollars per day\\nfor the time he may be employed, and such number of laborers as you may\\ndeem necessary, having strict regard to economy in your expenditures.", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "26\\nYou will please submit an estimate of what amount of funds you will re-\\nquire for the present.\\nWe are, sir, very respectfully,\\nA. w. McDonald,\\nCoraW for Virginia.\\nTHOMAS J. LEE,\\nCom r for Maryland.\\nLieut. N. Michlee, U. 8. Top. EngWs.\\nCommission for Tracing the Boundary Lines between Maryland and Virginia.\\nHoRNTOWN, Accomac County, Va.,\\nOctober 4th, 1858.\\nSir,\\nAt the conclusion of the preliminary examination you are instructed\\nto make by our letter of October 2d, you will please proceed to the Fairfax\\nStone, at the head of the north branch of the Potomac, as ascertained and\\nidentified by us on the 19th September last, and prosecute, as far as the\\nseason will permit, such astronomical observations as may be requisite to\\ndetermine the direction of a meridianal line from this point to the Pennsyl-\\nvania line.\\nAs it is not probable that the whole of this line could be traced this fall,\\nyou will for the present confine yourself to the astronomical part merely,\\nand to establishing as many distant points along the line as you may deem\\nessential, as checks to the surveyors in tracing and marking the same. For\\nwhich purpose you are authorized to retain the services of your assistant,, at\\nthe same compensation, and to employ such laborers as you may require.\\nYou will please also inform us of the probable amount of funds you may\\nrequire for this service.\\nWe are, sir, very respectfully,\\nA. w. Mcdonald,\\nCom/mr for Virginia.\\nTHOS. J. LEE,\\nComm r for Maryland.\\nLt. N. Michlee, U. S. Topo. Engo-s.", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "27\\nBaltimoee, Oct. 28tli, 1858.\\nSir,\\nIn addition to the instructions contained iu our joint letter of Oc-\\ntober 2d, you will please extend your survey to that portion of islands in\\nChesapeake bay through which the Maryland and Virginia boundary is sup-\\nposed to pass, between Watkins Point and Smith s Point, so as to give the\\ncommissioners, as nearly as you can, the names of the landholders upon each\\nside, with the extent of the lands of each along the line.\\nAnd as it appears that the United States coast survey topography does\\nnot at present include what is now called the mouth of the Potomac river,\\nyou will please also include that in your survey.\\nBy joining these detached surveys with the nearest coast survey trigno-\\nmetrical point, we will be enabled, with the aid of that triangulation, to\\nlocate accurately upon a general map, if necessary.\\nANGUS w. McDonald,\\nCommr on the part of Va.\\nTHOS. J. LEE,\\nCommr for Maryland,\\nMr. Michler will please send each of us accurate copies of the above by\\nmail.\\nA. w. McDonald.\\nLt. N. Michler,\\nTJ. S. Topo. Engrs.\\nHoRNTOWN, Accomac County, Va.,\\nNovember 3d, 1858.\\nGentlemen,\\nI have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your addi-\\ntional instructions, dated October 28th, 1858, Baltimore. A copy of them\\nfor each of you separately, accompany this communication, which will be\\nsent to each individually. I reached this place on the 28th ultimo (Thurs-\\nday), during the afternoon. On Friday morning the survey was commenced,\\nbut I was soon compelled to suspend operations. At 10 A. M. of that day\\na violent rain drove the party in, and continued unceasingly until Sunday\\nmorning. On Monday we worked all day, the weather being clear and\\nwarm. Yesterday morning (Tuesday) a northeast storm set in, and up to\\nthe time I write, there has been no cessation of rain. From present appear-\\nance, there is not much prospect of its clearing up. A eouiinenceiuent of\\nthe survey, at least, has been made; and, irom what I can learn, I am", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "28\\nconvinced that there will not be much difficulty in progressing rapidly, as\\nsoon as the weather permits. My party consists of one assistant, Mr. John\\nde la Camp, and five men as chainmen, rodmen, and instrument bearers, I\\nwill keep you advised, at every favorable opportunity, of the progress made.\\nI am, gentlemen, very respectfully,\\nYour ob t serv t,\\nN. MICHLER,\\nLieut. Top. Engrs. U. S. A.,\\nIn charge of Survey.\\nAngus W. McDonald,\\nCoiinmr for Virginia.\\nThomas J. Lee,\\nCotnmrfor Maryland.", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "^\u00e2\u0096\u00a0e^. DOC. No. XXVni.\\ng^^\\nREPORT\\nA i-Ct y\\n.OP\\nCOL ANGUS w. McDonald,\\nEELATIVE TO\\nBOUNDARY LINES.\\nMARCH 9th, 1861.", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "EiJECUf IVE BEtARtMENT,\\nMarch 8th, 1861,\\nGentlemm vf the 8enate and Blouse qf Delegates\\nShortly after the adjournment of the last session of the General\\nAssembly, I appointed Col. Angus W. McDonald, whom I considered well\\nqualified for the service, an agent to proceed to England, and to obtain\\nfrom thence all record and documentary evidence tending to ascertain and\\nestablish the true lines of boundary between Virginia and the States of\\nNorth Carolina, Tennessee and Maryland. I communicate herewith his\\nable and elaborate report, which I commend to your consideration.\\nJOHN LETCHER.", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "REPORT.\\nBiCHMOND. February 2, 1861.\\nTo his Excellency, John Letcher,\\nGovernor of Virginia\\nSir,\\nUnder the resolution passed by the General Assembly of this Com-\\nmonwealth, on the 10th day of March, 1860, authorizing and requesting the\\nGovernor, if he should deem it expedient, to send to England a competent\\nagent, to obtain from thence all record and documentary evidence tending\\nto ascertain and establish the true lines of boundary between Virginia and\\nthe States of North Carolina, Tennessee and Maryland, your excellency\\nwas pleased to commission me as such agent, and by your written instruc-\\ntions of date the 22d of May, 1860, to indicate the service I was expected\\nto perform.\\nI now beg leave to report to your excellency the results of my mission.\\nTo make provision for its effectual prosecution, which, in the event of sick-\\nness or any serious accident to myself, might have been much interrupted,\\nor possibly entirely defeated, I engaged my son William N. McDonald to\\naccompany me and though never entirely disabled by ill health from the\\nprosecution of my work, by his aid I have been enabled to accomplish at\\nleast double the amount of examination and research I would singly have\\nmade, and thus have greatly enhanced the value and increased the volume\\nof record, documentary and historical matter which I have had copied and\\nherewith return, neatly and substantially bound up, in nine volumes of\\nmanuscript, and one book of rare and valuable maps.\\nWe sailed from Boston on the 13th of June, and arrived in London on\\nthe 23d of the same month, by rail from Liverpool.\\nAt the instance of your excellency, I was furnished, by Mr. Secretary\\nCass, with a letter to the United States Minister in London (Mr. Dallas)\\nand by the intervention of the Hon. James M. Mason, one of Virginia s\\nSenators, with a very kind letter from Lord Lyons (the British Minister at\\nWashington) to Mr. Hammond, under Secretary of State, in charge of the\\nColonial office of Great Britain.\\nThrough the kind interposition of Mr. Dallas and Mr. Hammond, the\\nrigid forms by which all access to British archives are guarded, were as\\nmuch relaxed in my behalf as was consistent with the requirements of Bri-\\ntish laws but notwithstanding the favor extended to me, it was not until", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "32\\nthe 14th of July (twenty days after my arrival in Loudon) that I could ob-\\ntain permission to examine the archives of the State paper office. I mention\\nthis in no spirit of complaint, being, well persuaded that the difficulty of\\naccess to this extensive and invaluable depository has been the efficient\\nmeans by which all that may authenticate the early history of Virginia is\\nstill preserved.\\nSo soon as I ascertained that some time would elapse before I would be\\nsuffered to enter the State paper office, I sought and very promptly obtained\\nfrom the authorities in charge of the British Museum, permission fcr my son\\nand myself freely to examine the almost unlimited stores of historical matter\\nthere collected, and under admirable conservative regulations made accessi-\\nble. There our time and labor until the 15th of July were spent, and amply\\nrewarded and after that date, when, by the rules of the State paper office,\\nour examinations there were suspended, we still pursued our work in the\\nMuseum.\\nI was also permitted to examine the records of the Rolls office, in which\\nI was successful in finding the record of the original charter or grant of\\nMaryland to Cecilius (Calvert) Lord Baltimore, engrossed in the Latin lan-\\nguage, a certified copy of which I have brought back with me, bound up in\\nvolume 8, page 34.\\nOf this document (the charter of Maryland), more important in its bear-\\ning upon the question of boundary between Virginia and Maryland, than\\nany other, I have obtained several copies, the one just mentioned from the\\nEolls office, authenticated by the official seal and the certificate of the assist-\\nant keeper of the rolls, I. Sharps.\\nA second copy I obtained from a transcript of said charter, as the same\\nnow remains of record in the State paper office, in a book entitled Mary-\\nland, which, in July, 1723, was examined and corrected by the original\\ncharter to Lord Baltimore, under the great seal of England, which had\\nbeen obtained from Lord Baltimore, through Mr. Beake, as by the endorse-\\nment copied from said book will be seen.\\n[Anno 1723 is the same year in which a book containing another copy of\\nsaid charter was printed, which I shall refer to again.]\\nIn this copy, (the second above named) were preserved, in the first entry\\nof it (in the book from which I have had it copied) the abbreviations used\\nin the Rolls office, in recording Latin charters of that and anterior dates\\nwhich abbreviations (rendering the text liable to mistranslations) are written\\nout in length in a difierent ink, showing the original as at first transcribed,\\nand the emendations made by correcting from the original grant to Lord\\nBaltimore, under the great seal. These abbreviations also appear in the\\ncopy obtained from the Rolls office, above mentioned.\\nI made every efibrt to find the original grant itself. I sought out the\\nrepresentative of the Baltimore family, and finally discovered him a prisoner", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "33\\nfor debt in the Queen s Bench prison, to which, some twelve years since, he\\nhad been transferred from the Fleet prison, after having been there confined\\nfor more than eight years.\\nI obtained an interview with this gentleman, informed him of the object\\nof my visit, which he appeared entirely willing to promote, and learned\\nfrom him, after most minute enquiry, that the original charter had never\\ncome into his hands with the other family papers which had; that he had\\nnever seen it never heard of it as being in the hands of any other person,\\nand that he verily believed said original charter to be utterly lost or de-\\nstroyed. I instituted other enquiries concerning it, which proved entirely\\nfruitless.\\nI obtained a (third) copy, not of said original charter, but, as by compari-\\nson will be seen, of the record of said charter as the same was entered in\\nthe Rolls office. This I found printed, in a book printed in London, in\\n1723, by John Basket, printer to the King s most excellent majesty.\\nThis is the same year in which, as it appears by the entry iu the Mary-\\nland book, before referred to, the transcript of the charter, as the same\\nhad been entered from a copy from the Rolls office, was corrected or amended\\nby the original under the great seal.\\nThis book purports to contain the Acts of Assembly passed in the pro-\\nvince of Maryland, from the year 1692 to the year 1715, and the date of its\\npublication was about eight years after the Crown had restored to the pro-\\nprietor the government of that province. By the label on the back of this\\nbook, it would appear that it had originally belonged to the office of the\\nBoard of Trade and this indication of ownership is confirmed by the fact\\nthat four copies of it, still preserved in the State paper office, are shown by\\nthe minutes of that office to have been transferred to it from the Board of\\nTrade from which it is fair to infer that this printed book of the laws of\\nMaryland is the same which Thomas Bacon, compiler and publisher of the\\nlaws of Maryland, in about the year 1764, thus refers to in a note to the\\npreface of his said publication I have seen (some time before I left Eng-\\nland) in 1745, an edition printed in London, at Lord Baltimore s expense,\\nas I have been informed, for the use of the Board of Trade, with the Latin\\ncharter prefixed but could never meet with a copy of it in this province,\\nnor can I recollect the date it bears.\\nA copy of Bacon s Laws of Maryland I have procured, and will return\\nwith this report. In it will be found, prefixed to the laws, what he assumes\\n(upon the authority he there quotes) to be a copy in Latin of Lord Balti-\\nmore s charter, with a translation of the same into English.\\nI also obtained from the British Museum a manuscript copy of an old\\nprinted pamphlet, entitled, A Relation of Maryland, together with a map\\nof the country, the Conditions of Plantation, and His Majesty s Charter to\\nLord Baltimore, translated into English, which appears, from its title page,\\n5", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "34\\nto have been printed in London in the year 1635, and by its contents to have\\nbeen written by an inhabitant of Maryland. This manuscript copy will be\\nfound bound up in volume 9, and commences at page 206 of that volume. A\\nfac simile of the map in said pamphlet will be found in the book of maps,\\nand numbered 4.\\nOne of the depositaries of this pamphlet, in London, as will be seen by\\nthe title page, was one Mr. William Peasely. Whether he is the same Mr.\\nPeasely of whom Lord Baltimore makes mention, in a letter written by him\\nto Mr. Secretary Windebank, as his brother Peasely, I could not ascertain.\\nThe Peasely spoken of in the letter, and mentioned as his Lordship s brother\\nPeasely, was certainly a Catholic, and probably in that sense only designated\\nas brother.\\nThe letter to Secretary Windebank will be found copied in volume 2,\\npage 209.\\nIn this printed pamphlet there is not given any copy of the Latin charter\\nof Lord Baltimore, and the pretended translation of it into English is not at\\nall licensed by the Latin text, as the same is recorded in the Rolls office, or\\nas the same stands recorded in the State paper office.\\nSome such version, however, was necessary to give color to the claim of\\nterritory which the map in said pamphlet professed to picture. It will ap-\\npear from said map, as also from Smith s map of Virginia, published in 1612,\\nthat the head spring of the Little Potomac river (now called Potomac creek)\\nwas at that day supposed to rise further west than the head spring of the\\nmain river, both being then supposed to head on the eastern side of the Blue\\nRidge and by assuming that the Little Potomac was the river Potomac\\nreferred to in Lord Baltimore s charter, the amount of territory embraced\\nwithin the charter calls, as the same had been rendered in said translation,\\nwould be largely increased, and the great river, as far as the same had been\\nthen explored and was known to be navigable, would fall entirely within\\nthe limits of those calls.\\nI procured still another copy, or rather alleged copy, of Lord Baltimore s\\ncharter in Latin, and a translation of the same furnished by said Bacon, and\\npromulgated under the authority of Lord Baltimore and the Provincial Le-\\ngislature of Maryland, about the year 1764, as may be gathered from the\\ncontents of said book (the title page to it being without date or indication\\nof the place where it was printed), in which I found it, and which book I\\nhave hereinbefore mentioned.\\nThe identity, in substance and similarity in language, between the English\\ntranslation as given by Bacon and the one given in the pamphlet, entitled,\\nA relation of Maryland, in giving a description of the territory as em-\\nbraced in the calls of the charter to Lord Baltimore, justifies the conclusion\\nthat the latter was predicated upon a Latin version of the charter similar to\\nthe Latin one given in Bacon s book.", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "35\\nIt will be seeh, by comparing the two, that the Latin text, as given by\\nBacon, is a plain and gross departure from the original, as found recorded\\nboth in the Rolls office and the State paper office. And but for these gross\\nand patent violations of both the letter and spirit of the original grant, no\\nreasonable doubt would ever have existed that the whole Potomac river,\\nfrom its source, wherever fixed and whenever ascertained, to its mouth, was\\nwholly without the limits of Maryland and within the bounds of Virginia.\\nI have caused to be translated by Thomas Edlyne Tomlins, attorney at\\nlaw and record solicitor of Lincoln s Inn Fields, London, so much of the\\nLatin charter as the same is found recorded in the Rolls office, as describes\\nthe bounds of the territory thereby granted, which translation cannot be so\\ninterpreted as to permit the Maryland boundary along the bank of the\\nriver Potomac to be upon the Virginia shore and more, it establishes, be-\\nyond all plausible cavil, Point Lookout as the point from which the closing\\nline of the descriptive calls is to be drawn over the hay to the head land\\ncalled in the charter Watkin s Point, and mentioned as the beginning point-\\nfortified, too, by the fact that the shortest line from Point Lookout to this\\nhead land, would reach it exactly at the point ascertained (by Lieutenant\\nMichler, under the direction of the joint commissioners upon the boundary\\nbetween Virginia and Maryland) to .be the initial point agreed upon (by\\nScarborough and Calvert, agents of the Crown and Lord Baltimore) in the\\nyear 1668 whereas, if the closing line were to be drawn from Smith s\\nPoint, on the south side of the Potomac river, the shortest line to this head\\nland would strike it several miles south of said initial ijoint as ascertained\\nby Lieutenant Michler.\\nMr. Tomlins was recommended to me as distinguished for his ability as a\\ntranslator of ancient Latin records, and for his fidelity as a man. I doubt\\nnot that his work will justify those commendations.\\nWe have abundant evidence in Smith s and other histories, to prove the\\nfact that the bank of the Potomac on the Virginia shore was occupied by\\nenforted Virginians, cultivating the land (probably), but cer.tainly occu-\\npying the river itself with their vessels, carrying away the produce and\\nkeeping up annually trade and intercourse with the natives living on both\\nbanks of the river, for years before the date of the grant to Lord Baltimore.\\nIn the face of these facts, the charter would not have been construed to ex-\\ntend to or, much less, embrace the southern shore of the Potomac, even if\\nits language had been susceptible of such an interpretation.\\nAs bearing upon this point, I have found a copy of a Report of the\\nLords committee of trade and plantations, made 13th of November, 1685,\\nand the king s order thereupon, by which the now State of Delaware was\\nadjudged to belong to William Penu (who had purchased the same from\\nthe Dnke ot York), upon the ground that tho clearly included within the\\nboundary calls of Lord Baltiflxore a paiept, it did not pass to him in conse-", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "36\\nquence of the fact that before the date of said grant, it was not uninhabited,\\nexcept hy savages, as Lord Baltimore had described the territory to be which\\nwas embraced within the bounds set forth in his grant. Said report and\\norder will be found in volume 8, page 162.\\nIn volume 2, page 128, will be found a copy of a paper preserved among\\nthe records of the State Paper Office, headed Considerations upon the\\nPatent to the Lord Baltimore, and dated June the 20th, 1632, the date of\\nsaid patent, from which I make brief extracts, to wit\\n1st. Because the matter of the petition of the patentee, mentioned to be\\nthe motive and cause of the grant, is (viz that the region thereby granted\\nwas then uninhabited, and possessed of the barbarous heathen or savages.\\nIt is not so, for in truth part of the said region had been formerly inhab-\\nited by his majesty s subjects which were sent over from the London colony\\nof Virginia.\\n5th. By the Lord Baltimore s patent, this election [referring to a pro-\\nvision in the fourth item not necessary to quote here] is taken away, and part\\ngranted to him, viz from Watkin s Point south, which is in the 38 degrees\\nof latitude, to Le Ware s bay, which is in the 41 degree of latitude, or\\nthereabout.\\nIn book eight, from page 242 to page 252, will be found copied the an-\\nswers given by Lord Baltimore, dated the 26th of March, 1678, to questions\\npropounded to him by the Lords committee, c., dated 10th of April, 1676,\\ncopied in same book, page 106 to page 110.\\nIn answering the tenth question. Lord Baltimore says: The boundaries,\\nlatitudes and longitudes of this province are well described and set forth in\\na late map or chart of this province, lately made and prepared by one Au-\\ngustine Herman, an inhabitant of said province, and printed and publiquely\\nsold in London by his Majestie s licence, to which I humbly refer for greater\\ncertainty, c. For the map here referred to, I made myself and caused\\nothers to make great search in every known depository in London, but could\\nfind no map authenticated as Herman s.\\nIn Ogilby s America, which was published in London in 1671, I found a\\nmap of Maryland, which upon its face is said to be, The atchievement of\\nthe right honorable Cecilius Calvert, Baron of Baltimore, c. having upon\\nit also the Baltimore coat of arms. This is the only map in the book which\\nwas not taken by Ogilby from Montanus s History, a German work, from which\\nOgilby copied, and this may be the map to which Lord Baltimore referred in\\nhis said answer. It is, with very slight change, the same as the one which I\\nhave above referred to as found in the pamphlet entitled, A Relation of\\nMaryland. A fac-simile of each will Be found in the book of maps before\\nmentioned. They both dot Lord Baltimore s south-western boundary on the\\nsouth bank of the Potomac river continue it so dotted up said river (the\\nfirst in point of time) to the little Potomac, and thence up it on its south", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "37\\nbank, as far as said stream is shown on said map. The second to what is\\nnow known as Acquia creek, and thence up it along its southern bank, as\\nfar as said creek is shown on said map. Both also lay down Watkin s\\nPoint as in latitude 3S\u00c2\u00b0, and run the boundary line across Chesapeake bay\\nfrom Smith s Point the south bank of the Potomac at its mouth.\\nThe grant of the Northern Neck by Charles the Second to Ralph (Lord\\nHopton), Henry (Earl of St. Alban s), Lord Culpepper and others, in the\\nfirst year of that king s reign, included, by express words, The rivers\\nPotowrnac and Rappahanock and all the islands within theit banks. This\\ngrant will be found referred to in first volume Revised Code, page 843, chap.\\n89 it is also referred in a letter from King Charles the Second, of date\\nMarch 30th, 1663, copied in volume 4, page 261, and therein mentioned as\\nhaving been made in the first year of his reign the commencement of\\nwhich he was accustomed to date from the day of his father s death upon\\nthe scaffold. In this letter he described said grant as embracing all the land\\nlying between the rivers Potowrnac and Rappahanock and the Chesapeake\\nbay, together with the rivers themselves and all the islands within the\\nbanJcs of said rivers. The southern boundary of Maryland, from Watkin s\\nPoint, on the Chesapeake bay. shore, across the peninsula to the Atlantic\\nocean was established by agreement between Col. Edmund Scarborough,\\nacting for the crown, and Leonard Calvert for Lord Baltimore, in June,\\n1668. The grant of Pennsylvania by Charles the Second to William Penn\\nis dated the 4th of March, 1680-1. See a letter from Charles the Second to\\nLord Baltimore, dated April 2, 1681, copied in vol. 8, p. 145.\\nIn another letter from the same to Lord Baltimore, dated the 19th of Au-\\ngust, 1682, copied in vol. 8, p. 147, the king says, in referring to an adjust-\\nment of the boundary between the grants to Baltimore and Penn The\\nboundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland cannot by any method be so\\ncertainly effected as by an admeasurement of the two degrees north from\\nWatkin s Point, the express south bounds of your patent, and already so\\nsettled by commissioners between Virginia and Maiyland, c., and further\\nsays, willing and requiring you that with all possible speed, upon the re-\\nceipt hereof, to proceed to determine the northern bounds of your province,\\nas the same borders on Pennsy-lvania, by an admeasurement of the two de-\\ngrees granted in your patent, according to the usual computation of sixty\\nEnglish miles to a degree, from the south bounds of Maryland, as the same\\nare already settled by commissioners, as is above mentioned.\\nSo that Watkin s Point, where the same is crossed by the line between\\nlatitude 38\u00c2\u00b0 and 39\u00c2\u00b0 north of the Equator, is the true southern boundary\\nline of Maryland across the peninsula to the Atlantic ocean and thus set-\\ntling the southern line of Maryland to be said line of latitude 88\u00c2\u00b0, and al-\\nlowing sixty English miles to a degree, as intended by the king s charter to\\nLord Baltimore. Mason s and Dixon a line came to be fixed at 39\u00c2\u00b0 43 18", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "38\\nnorth of the Equator, instead of on the 40\u00c2\u00b0 of north latitude, as claimed\\nby Lord Baltimore upon the two maps I have made reference to above.\\nBesides the records and documents I have specially noticed, because of\\ntheir direct and authoritative bearing upon the subject of Virginia s\\nboundary line, many others will be found copied which fortify and confirm\\nthe former.\\nI will call attention to but one it is a complete copy of the proceedings of\\nthe General Assembly, begun at James City, October 1st, 1G85, and pro-\\nrogued to November, and continued till the 13th of December, 1685.\\nAmong the proceedings of this Assembly will be found a copy of those upon\\na bill introduced and passed, to establish ports in the four great rivers of\\nVirginia, c., by which it will be seen that at that time the provincial As-\\nsembly claimed jurisdiction of the Potomac river. See vol. 7, page 310 to\\n420. In addition to the two maps mentioned as promulgated under the\\nauspices of Lord Baltimore, I procured some forty-six others, about of\\nwhich bear certain and definite testimony to the fact that the Maryland line,\\nalong the Potomac river, was always considered by those having the matter\\nin their official charge, and therefore most likely to know and regard the\\ntruth, to be on the northern bank of said river. Many of these forty-six\\nmaps were deemed worth preservation to show how little was known of the in-\\nterior of the territory of both Virginia and Maryland above the flow of the\\ntides, prior to the actual survey of the Northern Neck under the mandate of\\nthe crown, made in 1736 and completed and officially reported in 1747. The\\ntestimony taken and preserved during the progress of this survey, establishes\\nthe fact that it was not untill after the year 1715 that any reliable in-\\nformation was obtained to show that the Potomac river had its source west\\nof the Blue Ridge.\\nI call the attention of your excellency to some of the more important of\\nthese maps, upon which the boundary line along the Potowmac river sepa-\\nrating Virginia from Maryland, is dotted along the northern shore of that\\nriver, from Point Lookout to the head spring of the north branch of the\\nPotowmac. The one numbered 24, in the book of maps made by John\\nMitchell, was commenced in 1750, three years after the official report of the\\nsurvey of the Northern Neck. Among other evidences of its authenticity\\nappearing on its face, I quote the following\\nThis map was undertaken with the approbation and at the request of\\nthe Lords Commissioners of Trade and Plantations, and is chiefly composed\\nfrom drafts, charts and actual surveys of different parts of his majesties col-\\nonies and plantations in America, great part of which have been lalely taken\\nby their lordships orders, and transmitted to this office by the Governors of\\nthe said colonies and others.\\nJOHN POWNAL.\\nPlantation Office, February 13, 1755.", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "m\\nMap No. 25, follows Mitchell s, and was published the same year upon a\\nsmall scale for same magazine. No. 28, by T. Bowen, dots the boundary of\\nMaryland along the Potowmac on the northern bank.\\nNos. 29 and 30 show nothing in relation to the lines between Virginia,\\nbut is very valuable and interesting, and worthy of note as a fac-simile of\\nMason s and Dixon s line, as the same is preserved in the State Paper\\nOffice in London.\\nNo. 31, Sayer and Bennett s map, printed in London, in 1776, dots the\\nMaryland boundary on the northern bank of the Potowmac.\\nNo. 33, by T. Kitchen, follows Mitchel s No. 24, and Sayer and Ben-\\nnett s No. 31.\\nNo. 34, Carver s map, published in 1776, gives the same boundary to Ma-\\nryland along the Potowmac.\\nNo. 35, follows Mitchell s, No. 24, and was published in 1769, and cor-\\nrected from the original materials of Governor Pownal, member of Parlia-\\nment.\\nNo. 38, made in 1783, according to the articles of the definitive treaty of\\npeace between the United States and Great Britian. As to the boundary\\nbetween Virginia and Maryland along the Potowmac, it follows Mitchel\\nNo. 24.\\nNo. 39, Eman Bowen s map, dots that line along the northern bank of\\nthe Potowmac river.\\nNo. 41, Faden s map, published in 1796, dots the same at and near\\nthe head.\\nNo. 42. A very neat and apparently accurate map of the United States,\\nthe Canadas, c., made in Paris, under the direction of the French Gov-\\nerment, lays down the south boundary of Maryland along the Potowmac\\nfrom the the District of Columbia to the head of that river, along the north-\\nern bank below the District the line is not dotted, but the color of Mary-\\nland comes down to Point Lookout. This map was printed in Paris in\\n1812.\\nNo. 13, is a fac-simile of the map returned by the commisioners appointed\\nto run and settle the boundary line between Virginia and North Carolina.\\nIn the State Paper Office I found a reference to the field notes taken and re-\\nturned by the surveyors who ran this line, and other documents relating to\\nthe work all which I directed to be copied and sent to me. I paid in ad-\\nvance for the copies and have the written undertaking of the clerk who\\nis to do the work, that the manuscript should be forwarded to me through the\\nhands of Mr. Dallas, the American minister at London. I have not yet re-\\nceived it, but have no doubt I shall.\\nIn confirmation that the charters, documents and maps referred to estab-\\nlish the bounds of Maryland as not including the Potomac river, or any part\\nof it, below ordinary high-water mark, the acts hereinafter referred to\\nshow that Virginia claimed and exercised exclusive jurisdiction over the Po-", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "40\\ntomac river, as far up as the banks of the same were seated, until the com-\\npact with Maryland in 1785, by which Virginia granted to that State\\ncertain rights in said compact set forth. It was not until October, 1673,\\nthat the attention of the Colonial Legislature was directed to the subject of\\nestablishing ferries, and the first and only steps taken was to provide for\\nthe appointment of commissioners to fix upon suitable points at which to\\nestablish /ree ferries, who were to report to the next general Assembly. 2d\\nHen. St. at L., p. 310.\\nThe next act of which we have any account, was in August, 1702, for\\nthe regulation and settlement of ferries, c. Hen., vol., 3, p. 218.\\nThe next act will be found in the same volume, page 469, a portion of the\\npreamble to which is in these words, Whereas, a good regulation of ferries\\nin this Her Ifajestys Colony and dominion, will prove, c. By this act\\nmany ferries were established over James, York and Rappahannock rivers,\\nand one over Potomac river, in these words, In Stafford county, from Col.\\nWilliam Fitzhngh s landing in Potowmac river, over to Maryland, c.,page\\n473, same volume 3d. By the third section of this act, it is enacted that\\nwhere a ferry is appointed by this act on one side of the river, and none on\\nthe other to answer the same, it shall and may be lawful for the county\\ncourts, in such a case, to appoint an opposite ferry, and order and allow the\\nprices directed by this act.\\nSection 8, of same act, imposes a penalty upon any person whatsoever,\\nwho shall for reward (except necessity of a parish require it for going to\\nchurch) set any person or persons over any of rivers wheron ferries are or\\nshall be appointed by virtue of this act.\\nBy an act passed in 1720, for settling new ferries, c., within the colony\\nand dominion of Virginia, one new ferry was established on Potowmack\\nriver, from Col. Eice Hoe s to Cedar Point, in Maryland. See 4 Hen. Stat.\\nL., page 93.\\nEy an act passed May, 1732, vol, 4 H. S. L., p. 362, another ferry was\\nestablished on Potomac river, just below the mouth of Quantico creek,\\nover the river to the landing place at Col. George Mason s, in Maryland.\\nAnother, by an act passed in 1734, H. St., vol. 4, p. 438, on Potomac river,\\nfrom Robert Lovell s, in the county of Westmoreland, across the river to\\nMaryland, c.\\nAnother, by an act of the 17th of November, 1738, Hen. St., vol. 5, p. 66,\\nwas established over Potomac river, from the plantation of Francis Aubrey,\\nin the county of Prince William, over to Maryland. Two others were es-\\ntablished by an act of May, 1740, Hen., vol. 8, p. 104. One on Potowmac\\nriver, from the plantation of John Hereford, in Doeg s Neck, in the county\\nof Prince William, over the river to the lower side of Pamunkey, in Prince\\nGeorge s county, in Maryland.\\nAnother, from Hunting creek warehouse, on the land of Hugh West, in\\nPrince William county, over the river to Frazier s Point, in Maryland.", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "41\\nAnotlier was established by an act of May, 1743, Hen., vol. 5, p. 189, on\\nPotomac river, from the land of Ebenezer Floyd, in the county of Fairfax,\\nacross the river to Powell s landing, in Maryland. Another, by an act\\npassed in September, 1744, Hen., vol. 5, p. 249, on Potomac river, from Evan\\nWatkin s landing, opposite the mouth of Canagochego creek, to Edmund\\nWade s land, in Maryland. Two others were established by an act of Feb-\\nruary, 1745, Hen., vol. 5, p. 364, to wit On Potowmac river, from the\\nland of William Clifton, in Fairfax county, over the said river, to the land\\nin the tenure of Thomas Wallis, in Prince George county, Maryland, c.\u00c2\u00bb\\nand from the land of Hugh West, in Fairfax county, over the said river,\\neither to Frazier s or Addison s landing.\\nBy an act passed in October, 1748, Hen., vol. 6, page 18, at least two ad-\\nditional ferries over Potomac river were established, to wit From the\\nland of William Russell, on Sherendo cross, into the fork or cross the main\\nriver.\\nThe second, from the plantation opposite to Rock creek over to Mary-\\nland.\\nBy an act passed in November, 1753, Hen. St., vol. 6, p. 375, another\\nferry was established on Potomac river, from the land now in possession of\\nJohn Posey, in the county of Fairlax, across the said river to the land of\\nThomas Marshall, in Maryland.\\nBy act of May, 1755, Hen., vol 6, p. 494, two new ferries were established,\\nto wit From the land of Thomas Swearingen, in the county of Frederick,\\nover Potowmac river, to the land opposite thereto, in the province of Mary-\\nland and from the land of Lawrence Washington, in the county of Staf-\\nford, over the said river, to the land opposite thereto, in the province of\\nMaryland.\\nBy act of April, 1757, Hen., vol. 7, p. 126, the following new ferries over\\nPotomac river were established, to wit\\nFrom the land of George Brett, in the county of Prince William, over\\nPotomac river, to the land of Roger Chamberland, in the province of Mary-\\nland, c. Second, from the land of Josiah Clapham, in the county of Fair-\\nfax, over Potomac river, to the land on either side of Monochisey creek, in\\nthe province of Maryland.\\nIn 1759 Hen. vol. 7, p. 299 a new ferry from the land of Wm. Tyler,\\nin the county of Westmoreland, over Potowmac river to Cedar Point, in\\nMaryland.\\nIn 1761 Hen. vol. 7, p. 401 a new ferry from the land of Robert\\nHarper, in the county of Frederick, over Potowmac river, to his land on the\\nopposite side, in the province of Maryland, was established.\\nIn 1764 Hen, vol. 8, p. 44 a new ferry was established from the land\\nof George Wilson Spooner, in Westmoreland coudty, over Potowmac river\\nto Cedar Point, in Maryland.\\n6", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "42\\nIn 1865 Hen. vol. 8, p. 146 an act passed to establisli a new ferry from\\nthe land of Thomas Shepherd, in the town of Mecklenburg now Shepherd s\\ntown in the county of Frederick, over Potowmac river to his land opposite\\nthereto, in the province of Marj^land.\\n[Vol. 8., p. 263 this ferry was discontinued at later session, 1766, as inter-\\nfering with Swearingen s.]\\nA new ferry was established in 1866 Hen. vol. 8, p. 198 from the\\nland of Elizabeth Cook, in Stafford county, below the mouth of Chapawam-\\nsick creek, across the river Potowmac to the land of Clement Kennedy, in\\nMaryland.\\nIn November, 1769 vol. 8, Hen., p. 368 a new ferry was established\\nfrom the land of Benjamin Foreman, in the county of Frederick, over Po-\\ntowmac river, to the land of the right honorable Lord Baltimore, in Mary-\\nland another.\\nFrom the land of Thomas Aubrey, in the county of Loudon, across Po-\\ntowmac river, to the land of James Hook, in Maryland.\\nIn February, 1772 Hen. vol. 8, p. 554 a new ferry was established from\\nthe land of the right honorable the Earl of Tankerville, in Loudon county,\\nc., over Potowmac river, to the opposite shore in Maryland.\\nIn 1678 Hen., p. 546 of vol. 8 a new ferry was established from the\\nland of Abraham Shepherd, in the county of Berkeley, over Potowmac\\nriver, to the land of Thomas Swearengen, in the State of Maryland.\\nIn 1678 8th vol. Hen. S., p. 585 two new ferries were established, to\\nwit From the land of the Earl of Tankerville, in the county of Loudon,\\nacross the Potowmac river, to the opposite shore in the State of Maryland\\nand from the land of Thomas Noland, in the county of Loudon, across Po-\\ntowmac river, to the land of Arthur Nelson, in the State of Maryland.\\nIn October, 1785, a new ferry was established Hen. vol. 12, p. 83 from\\nthe land of John Turberville, known by the name of Dial s Landing, in the\\ncounty of Fairfax, across Potowmac river, to the opposite shore in the State\\nof Maryland.\\nIn 1786, October Hen. vol. 12, p. 403 a new ferry was established from\\nthe land of Thompson Mason, deceased, in the county of Loudon, across Po-\\ntomac river, to the land on the opposite shore in the State of Maryland.\\nAll the ferries above named, except the two last, were established by acts\\npassed prior to the compact between the States of Virginia and Maryland,\\nwhich was ratified in October, 1785. See Hen. Sts., page 50-55 of 12th\\nvol.\\nIt will thus be seen that, up to the date of the ratification of the compact\\nbetween Virginia and Maryland, as many as twenty-eight ferries had been\\nestablished by acts of the Legislature of Virginia over the Potomac river to\\nMaryland, most of them below, and many above the flow of the tides.\\nSo far as I can ascertain from the published laws of Maryland, not one\\nferry across the Potomac river was established by Maryland op to the year", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "43\\n1781. In November of that year an act was passed by the Legislature of\\nMaryland, entitled, An act to regulate public ferries, which enacted,\\nthat the justices of the several county courts be authorized and required,\\nat their respective March courts, during the continuance of this act, to grant\\ntheir license to an inhabitant of their county to keep a public ferry at any\\nplace within the county now used as such, if said justices shall think that a\\npublic ferry ought to be there kept and established, and from such place to\\nany other county, or from this to any other State, c. See Kitty s Law of\\nMaryland, vol. 1st, Anno 1781, chap. 22.\\nWhether any ferries have been so established over the Potomac river since\\nthe passage of this act, I am unable to ascertain from any publications to\\nwhich I have access.\\nSince 1785, many additional ferries have been established, by acts of the\\nVirginia Legislature, over the Potomac river to Maryland, both above and\\nbelow tidewater. In volume second of the Revised Code of 1819, page 243,\\nwill be found a list of ferries over Potomac river and its branches, then\\nrecognized and regulated by law. In this list will be found most of those\\nabove mentioned and others subsequently established.\\nI have not thought it necessary to trace down, through still later years,\\nthe enactments of Virginia in regard to ferries over the Potomac river, evi-\\ndencing her exercises of jurisdiction in that form over the said river.\\nIn 1667, the Colonial Legislature of Virginia passed an act entitled, An\\nact ion fortes to be built in each river. By the provisions of this act, among\\nothers, one fort was required to be built in Potowmac river at Yehocomi-\\nco and the act goes on to provide and require that, within command of\\nwhich forts, all ships trading to those respective places may conveniently\\nand in all probability securely ride and load. Other provisions of said act\\nshow that Virginia, through her Colonial Legislature, then claimed and ex-\\nercised jurisdiction over the Potomac river.\\nAnno 1691, the Colonial Legislature passed an act entitled, An act for\\nports, c. By royal mandate, the operation of this act was suspended by\\nact of 1692-3. Vov. 3, p. 108-9. By which, among other things, it is en-\\nacted, that from and after the 1st of October, 1692, all ships, c., arriving\\ninto or going out of this country for trade, shall load and unload at some one\\nor other of the peaces hereinafter mentioned in this act, under penalty of\\nthe forfeiture of the vessel, c. and by a subsequent clause, the following\\nplaces ase named as ports for the counties of StaflFord, Lancaster, Northum-\\nberland and Westmoreland\\nFor Stafford, on the land where Captain Mallacly Peale now liveth, called\\nPotowmac Neck,\\nFor Lancaster, on the land where Mrs. Hannah Ball now liveth, situate\\non the western side of the mouth of Corotoman river.\\nFor Northumberland, on Chicacon s river, being the land of Mrs. Spencer\\nMottsom, formerly laid out for a town according to a former act.", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "44\\nFor Westmoreland, on the land of Oapt. William Hardidge, where he now\\nliveth, on the mouth of Nomini, a place formerly appointed by law. See\\nHen. Stat., vol. 3, pages 53-69.\\nIn October 1705, an act was passed concerning ports, by which Yoho-\\ncomico, upon the land of Richard Tidwell, in Westmoreland, and Potowmac\\ncreek, at the town land in Stafford, were established as ports on Potowmac\\nriver the former to be called Kingsale, and the latter Marlborough. See\\nHen. vol. 8, p. 415-417.\\nThis act provides in effect, that the ports therein named should be the\\nonly ports from which vessels should clear, or at which vessels coming in\\nshould enter.\\nAnd so stood the law in relation to ports on Potomac river, from 1705\\nuntil May, 1784, when an act was passed by the Legislature of the State,\\nentitled, An act to restrict foreign vessels to certain ports within this Com-\\nmonwealth. Section second of this act provides, that all vessels from\\nforeign ports, not owned by citizens of this State, should enter, clear out,\\nlade and unlade at the following places, to wit Norfolk and Portsmouth as\\none port Bermuda Hundred, Tappahannock, Yorktown and Alexandria,\\nand at no other ports or places therein, c. See Hen., vol. 11, p. 402-3-4.\\nThe act of May, 1784, was amended by an act passed in October, 1786\\nHen. vol. 12, p. 320 by distinguishing between ports of entry and clear-\\nance and ports of delivery. Section second, among other things, provides in\\nthese words for the district of South Potowmac, for all vessels coming from\\nor going to sea, or any part of the Chesapeake bay, or any part of the Mary-\\nland shore below Point Lookout, at the port of Yocomico all vessels coming\\nfrom or going to any part of the Maryland shore above the said point Look-\\nout, at the said port of Yocomico, or at the port of Alexandria.\\nSection third, relative to ports of delivery is (concerning the Potowmac\\nriver) in these words For the district of Potowmac river, the ports of\\nAlexandria and mouth of. Quantico.\\nThe above act was amended by an act passed the 5th of January, 1788,\\n(from which see 12 v. Hen. St., p. 434) in several particulars among others,\\nYocomico was added to the number of ports of delivery for foreign vessels\\nfor the district of Potowmac river and Yocomico, mouth of Quantico and\\nAlexandria, were made ports of delivery for vessels of the United States\\nfor the district of Potowmac river, c.\\nSection seven provides that All masters of vessels coming into this Com-\\nmonwealth shall be obliged to make a true and just report to the naval offi-\\ncer, at the lowest port of entry upon the river they shall be bound to, except\\nthe river Potowmac, of all cargo, c.\\nIn 1788, January 7th\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Hen. vol. 12, p. 438-9\u00e2\u0080\u0094 an act passed the Vir-\\nginia legislature entitled, An act to amend the several Acts of Assembly\\nconcerning naval officers and the collection of duties, which, among other\\nt)iings, provides, by sectio.a second, that there shall be a naval officer for the", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "45\\ndistrict of South Potowmac, who shall reside (by section three) at Yocom-\\nico or Alexandria. Section seventeen is in these words Nothing herein\\ncontained shall be construed to affect, or as being intended to effect the rights\\nand obligations arising under the act of the General Assembly entitled, An\\nact to approve, confirm and ratify the compact made by certain commission-\\ners appointed by the General Assembly of the State of Maryland, and com-\\nmissioners appointed by this Commonweaiith. And thus stood the laws of\\nVirginia at the time of the adoption of the Constitution of the United States,\\nin regard to ports upon the Potomac river.\\nPilots and ports could only relate to the tidewater portion of the Poto-\\nmac ferries pertained to the river above as well as below tidewater, and in\\nregard to all three of these subjects, it is manifest that Virginia legislated as\\nthe sole and only rightful claimant of the river, and consistent with such\\nclaim of right in herself, and inconsistent with any just claim or acknow-\\nledged right of Maryland, in the year 1772 Hen. vol. 8, p. 570 we find\\nan act of the Virginia Legislature entitled, An act for opening and extend-\\ning the navigation of the river Potomac from Fort Cumberland to tide-\\nwater. All the provisions of this act show that Virginia was legislating\\nupon the subject as the sole rightful owner of the whole river Potomac,\\nfrom its mouth to its source.\\nI have carefully examined the statute laws of Maryland, from 1635 to\\n1781, as the same are to be found in Bacon s Laws of Maryland, reaching\\ndown to 1764 and Ketty s Law, reaching down to 1781, and to a later\\ndate.\\nIn Bacon s Laws, A. D. 1706, chap. 14, the title of an act is given, to wit:\\nAn act for the advancement of trade and erecting ports and towns in the\\nprovince of Maryland, on which the publisher (Bacon) makes this note:\\nN. B. This act with its supplementary of 1707, chap. 16, and its addi-\\ntional supplementary act of 1708, chap. 3, being disallowed by her Majesty,\\nare no longer in force but as they are referred to by the act of 1715,\\nchap. 32, and all property obtained under them confirmed by that act, it is\\nthought expedient to give an extract of such parts of these disallowed laws\\nas private property may in any wise depend upon.\\nBy the terms of these acts, St. Mary s town in Potowmac is named\\nas one of the ports which these acts proposed to establish, and though named\\nas in Potowmac, was, in fact, several miles from the shore of that river; being\\nupon St. Mary s river, some two or three miles from its mouth and, of\\ncourse, within the jurisdiction and boundary of Maryland, and by a short\\nportage accessible from Patuxent river.\\nBy the act of 1707 aforesaid, Nanjemye (which I shall have occasion\\nto notice again when I come to refer to the pilot laws by which the Poto-\\nmac river was governed) was established as a town on Potomac river, on\\nthe upper side of Nanjemye creek, and made one of the members of\\nthe port of St. Mary s, as were all other towns in Potomac river, with the", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "46\\nrivers, creeks and coves thereunto belonging. These three acts of 1706,\\n1707 and 1708, above referred to, were the only legislative attempts made\\nby the province of Maryland to establish ports in the Potomac river and\\nthey having been dissented fronn by the crown, such ports were not estab-\\nlished from the time of such dissent.\\nI do not find, either in Bacon s works or in Kitty s Laws of Maryland,\\nany further attempt made by the Provincial or State Legislature of Mary-\\nland, down to the year 1785, to establish ports in the Potomac river.\\nI will now call attention to the acts of the Colonial and State legislatures\\nof Virginia, in reference to pilots and pilotage in the said river Potomac, in\\nreference to which subjects Virginia alone exercised jurisdiction and author-\\nity over the whole river from its mouth to the head of the tides.\\nThe first general law upon the subject which I have found, was passed\\nin May, 1755, and will be seen in the sixth volume of Hening s Statutes at\\nLarge, page 490, and is entitled, An act for establishing pilots, and regula-\\nting their fees.\\nI quote a portion of the preamble\\nWhereas, it is necessary, for the safety and preservation of ships and ves-\\nsels coming into the bay of Chesapeake, bound up the rivers of this Domiu\\nion, that able and experienced pilots, c.\\nSection second provides that the Governor should appoint all such pilots.\\nSection third imposes penalties on any and all who shall presume to act as\\npilots to any of the places named thereinafter, without a branch from the\\nGovernor of Virginia.\\nSection seventh fixes the fees or rates to be charged to the several places\\nnamed and those of Potomac river I quote\\nOn Potowmac Miver,\\ns.\\nd.\\nFrom Cape Henry\\nto Smith s Point on South Potomac,\\n5\\nSmith s Point to Coan, per foot,\\n1\\n6\\nIC l(\\nYeocomico, per foot,\\n1\\n7\\ni(\\nNomini,\\n1\\n8\\nII 11 l\\nMaddox,\\n2\\nUpper Machodac, per foot,\\nNangomy,\\nBoyd s Hole,\\nQuantico,\\nAlexandria,\\nAnd the same fees back to the capes.\\n2\\n3\\n4\\n4\\n6\\n3\\n6\\n6\\n6\\nNow, Nangomy is the same place called Nanjemye in the Maryland act\\nto establish ports and towns, in 1706, before referred to.\\nIn 1762, another act with a similar preamble,, was passed, prescribing the", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "47\\ns.\\nd.\\n2\\n4\\n9\\n5\\n4\\n6\\n4\\n8\\nmode in which pilots should he examined and appointed by commissioners\\nfrom counties named in the act. Among those named are Westmoreland,\\nLancaster and Northumberland and by section seventh of said act, the\\npoints on the Potomac river are named, and the charges to each fixed; and\\nin this list of places, five additional places are named to those in the first act\\nreferred to. See for act, vol. 7, page 584, Hen.\\nTo wit:\\nTo Machodax,\\nAcquia,\\nOccoquan,\\nPiscataway,\\nEastern Branch,\\nThe last named place was and is certainly in the State of Maryland, and\\nso, too, was Piscataway, I presume, as a creek of that name is laid down on\\nthe map of the Northern Neck, at a short distance above Occoquan, and on\\nthat map no creek or town by that name is laid down on the Virginia shore\\nof Potomac above Occoquan and below Alexandria.\\nIn May, 1778, the Commonwealth of Virginia passed an act vesting\\npowers in the commissioners of the navy for varying the rates of postage.\\nSee Hen. vol. 9, p. 470.\\nIn 1783, Hen., vol. 11, p. 185, will be found another act with a preamble\\nsimilar to the one already quoted, and in no material respect changing the\\nprovisions of the first act referred to, but leaving out one or two of the points\\non the river Potomac to which fees were regulated, embraced in previous\\nlaws, but still retaining the names of Piscataway, Nangomy and Eastern\\nBranch. Other acts may be found in vol. 11, but not worthy of note in this\\nconnection.\\nAfter the cession of Alexandria, as part of the District of Columbia, Vir-\\nginia permitted the power of appointing pilots for the Potomac river to es-\\ncape from her hand, but since its retrocession, she has resumed that power\\nand all others connected with that subject, and now alone exercises it without\\ndeferring to Maryland.\\nThe resolution under which the mission was authorized, required that the\\nexpenses of it should not exceed two thousand dollars. Of that amount the\\nnecessary expenditures have been kept within the limits of eleven hundred\\ndollars, including land and sea passages to England and back. The residue\\nof the sum, together with two hundred and seventy-five dollars of private\\nfunds, have been expended in the procurement of the books, maps and man-\\nuscripts of which mention has been made.\\nAll of which is most respectfully submitted to your excellency by\\nYour obedient servant,\\nA. w. McDonald.", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "/o", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3360", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3599", "width": "2179", "jp2-path": "reportsrelativet00virg_0058.jp2"}}