{"1": {"fulltext": ",B7\\n87\\nREPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER\\nON THE PART OF MARYLAND,\\nFOR THE\\nRe-locating and Re-marking\\nOF THE BOUNDARY LINE\\nBETWEEN\\nPvlaryland and Virginia\\nIn Tangier aisd Pocomoke Sounds.\\nHon. THOS. S. HODSON,\\nCommissioner for Maryland.\\nEEon. BENJ. T. aUNTEH,\\nCommissioner for Virginia.\\n1898.", "height": "3414", "width": "2188", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "Qass V %J^\\nBool c-B f^^-7", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER\\nON THE PART OF MARYLAND,\\nFOR THE\\nRe-locating and Re-marking\\nOF THE BOUNDARY LINE\\nBETWEEN\\nIVLaryland and Virginia\\nIn Tangier and Pocomoke Sounds.\\nHon. THOS. S. HODSOIS^,\\nCommissioner for Maryland.\\nHon. BENJ. T. GUISTTER,\\nCommissioner for Virginia.\\n-1898.", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "27530\\nHANZSCHE CO.,\\nPRINTERS AND ENGRAVERS,\\nBALTIMORE,", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER\\nON THE PAPvT OF MARYLAND,\\nFOR THE\\nRe-locating and Re-markinj\\nOK THE BOUNDARY LINE\\nBETWEEN\\nM:_A^RYLA.IS^D and V^IROIlSrii^\\nIn Tangier and Pocomoke Sounds.\\nHis Excellency, Lloyd Lowndes,\\nGovernor of Maryland, Annapolis, Md.\\nDear Sir\\nI have the honor to transmit herewith the joint report\\nof Engineers W. C. Hodgkins and J. B. Baylor as to their opera-\\ntions in the recent re-locating and re-marking of the line in Tan-\\ngier and Pocomoke Sounds. But a few words of explanation on\\nmy part, in addition to this report, will suffice.\\nThere has been, for some years past, at various times, trouble\\nbetween the citizens of Maryland and the Oyster Police Force of\\nVirginia, along the line between the two States. Arrests of per-\\nsons and property by the Virginia Oyster Police have been made\\naffecting citizens of Maryland, who have invariably appealed to\\nthe Executive of this State, claiming that the arrests have been\\nmade while they were pursuing their daily labor, either of oyster-\\ning or crabbing, within the territory of Maryland. As these\\noffences took place on broad waters, in which there was no visible", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "4 Report of Commissioner for Maryland.\\nmark or monument to define the Boundary Line, honest differences\\nof opinion could have existed and doubtless did exist. The ten-\\ndency in each State was to believe its own citizens and to discredit\\nand blame those of the other State. This state of things pro-\\nduced great friction and damage, and was the cause of great\\nanxiety to the Executive. While every proper impulse of his\\nnature led him to espouse the cause and redress the wrongs of\\ninjured citizens, yet it was first necessary to know whether or not\\nthe parties charged were within our own territory. In one instance,\\nthe case of Capt, B. F. Marsh s vessels, the joint Committee of\\nthe Legislatures of the two States agreed that the arrest was made\\nin Maryland, by the Virginia authorities.\\nIt was therefore plain that the line must be clearly and perma-\\nnently marked, in order that unscrupulous men might not have\\nit in their power, if they chose to do so, to plunge the sister States\\ninto a continuous state of semi-warfare. It became necessary to\\ndo this to enable good citizens to establish and maintain their\\nrights, and that trespassers and maurauders might be exposed and\\nknown in their true characters.\\nWith these objects in view, on the 26th day of May last, you\\nissued to me a commission, authorizing me, in conjunction with a\\na Commissioner on the part of Virginia, to re-locate and mark the\\nBoundary Line between the States, in Tangier and Pooomoke\\nSounds on receiving it I at once arranged to visit Richmond, Va.\\nand confer as your agent and at your request with Gov. Chas. T.\\nO Ferrall. I visited Richmond at an early day, accompanied by\\nMr. Dallam, your Secretary of State. Gov. O Ferrall received\\nus kindly, acknowledged the importance of the proposed action\\nand agreed to appoint, at once, a Commissioner, on the part of\\nVirginia, to co-operate with me in re-marking and re-locating\\nthe line.", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "Report of Commissioner for Maryland. 5\\nAfter waiting a month or more I addressed a letter to Gov.\\nO Ferrall, calling his attention to the matter, and he replied very\\ncourteously that he would appoint a Commissioner at an early\\nday. Again, on August 31st, I addressed him a letter on the\\nsubject, to which I never received a reply. Finally, on October\\n25th, I received your letter, in which was contained the letter of\\nGov. O Ferrall, as follows\\nHis Excellency, Lloyd Lowndes,\\nGovernor of Maryland, Annapolis, Md.\\nDear .Sir\\nYours of the 20th inst. is at hand and is entirely satisfactory.\\nI have appointed Mr. Benjamin T. Gunter, Jr., of Accomac County, a\\nCommissioner on the part of Virginia. His P. O. address is Accomac\\nC. H., Va.\\nI suggest that the services of two Engineers of the U. S. Coast and\\nGeodetic Survey be secured one to be selected by each State.\\nAwaiting your early reply, I remain, with respect,\\nYour obedient servant,\\nCHAS. T. O FERRALL,\\nGovernor of Virginia.\\nI at once put myself in communication with the Virginia Com-\\nmissioner, who informed me that he had received the notice of his\\nappointment only, and that to his request for instructions he had\\nreceived no reply.\\nAbout the middle of November, I was informed at the office of\\nSecretary of the Treasury, Gage, that at the direct request of Gov.\\nO Ferrall, he had appointed Mr. J. B. Baylor of the Coast and Geo-\\ndetic Survey as Engineer on the part of Virginia. I at once informed\\nMr. Gunter, who had not been apprised of this appointment,\\nalthough he had expected it. Mr. Gunter came to see me and we\\ntalked over matters generally, and it was agreed that it was\\nproper to consult the Light House Board and the War Depart-\\nment before putting down any permanent marks in navigable", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "6 Report of Commissioner for Maryland.\\nwaters, such as might be considered obstructions to navigation.\\nAs Mr. Gunter was obliged to return to Accomac it was agreed\\nthat I should attend to this. Accordingly, on November 22nd, I\\nvisited Washington again and filed with Secretary Gage an appli-\\ncation for the appointment of an Engineer as follows\\nHon. Lyman Gage,\\nSecretary of the Treasury, Washington, D. C.\\nDear Sir\\nI have the honor to request the appointment of Mr. W. C. Hogdkins,\\nAssistant U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, to re-locate and mark, on the\\npart of Maryland, the Boundary Line between Maryland and Virginia in\\nthe waters of Tangier and Pocomoke Sounds. I have the honor to be,\\nVery respectfully yours,\\n[Si\u00c2\u00a3-ned] THOMAS S. HODSON,\\nCominissiojier for Mary /and.\\nTo which I received the following reply\\nTreasury Department, Washington, D. C.\\nOFFICE OF the SECRETARY,\\nNovember 22d, 1897.\\nMr. Thos. S. Hodson,\\nNo. 6 Lexington St., Baltimore, Md.\\nSir\\nIn compliance with the request contained in your letter of the 10th\\ninst., Mr. W. C. Hodgkins, an Assistant in the U. S. Coast and Geodetic\\nSurvey, has this day been directed to report to you for duty in marking the\\nBoundary Line between Maryland and Virginia, in Pocomoke Sound and\\nRiver.\\nRespectfully yours,\\nL. GAGE,\\nSei re/ary.\\nThese difficulties left but one more to be removed, vis: to agree\\nupon and provide the permanent marks necessary to preserve the\\nline after its re-location. This we substantially agreed upon,\\nbut we were also satisfied that the weather would not permit them\\nto be put down at this season of the year and that we might take\\nplenty of time to discuss and determine upon them.", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "Report of Commissioner for Maryland. 7\\nI then saw the Light House Board, which disclaimed any author-\\nity to pass upon the question and referred me to the War Depart-\\nment for further information. The Secretary of War referred me\\nto Gen. Wilson, chief of the Engineer Corps of the Army. To this\\nofficer I submitted a Coast Survey Chart, with the line in question\\naccurately laid down upon it by the Coast and Geodetic Survey,\\nalso the following letter\\nBaltimore, Md., November 2Qth, 1897.\\nHon. Russell A. Alger,\\nSecretary of War, U. .S., Washington, D. C.\\nDear Sir\\nI have the honor to state that I have been appointed on the part of\\nthe State of Mar3^land, to re-locate and mark the Boundary Line between\\nMaryland and Virginia, in Tangier and Pocomoke Sounds, jointly with\\nBenj. T. Gunter, Jr., Esq., the Commissioner on the part of Virginia. In\\nthis application, which is made with the knowledge and consent of Mr.\\nGunter, 1 represent him as well as myself.\\nAs at present advised, we propose to put. up a permanent and prominent\\nmark upon the land at Horse Hammock on Smith s Island, and one or\\ntwo solid iron screw piles, from five to eight inches in diameter, in the water\\nEastward on a line running from the first named mark South 79\u00c2\u00b0, 30 East far\\nenough and prominent enough to establish a range and give the bearing\\nof the line. We do not propose to establish any monument whatever at A\\nor B on the accompanying map, but we propose to mark from where the\\nwater is ten feet deep, between B and Fox Island, on the line, in the sam.e\\nas Horse Hammock, by putting up two or more monuments in the water,\\nto be used in making a range for the line. From Watkins Point we propose\\nto proceed for some distance in the same way. None of the monuments so\\nfar spoken of can be construed as interfering with navigation in the slightest\\ndegree, but at the end of the line from Watkins Point, at the letter C a\\nsubstantial monument placed there might be considered by Hon. Secretary\\nof War, or some other persons, as an interference or obstruction. So again\\nat the letter D on said chart.\\nWe therefore respectfully ask that this Department will indicate, at as early\\na day as possible, whether or not our action will meet with its approval.\\nI will add that the line and the original marks (which are now gone) were\\napproved soon after they were laid down by Act of Congress (1878).\\nI have the honor to be, very respectfully,\\nYour obedient servant,\\nTHOS. S. HODSON,\\nCommissioner ov the Part of Maryland.", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "8 Report of Commissioner for Maryland.\\nTo this I received the following reply\\nWashington, December Sd, 1897.\\nSir\\nI have the the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of 20th\\nultimo., stating that you have been appointed, jointly with Benj. T. Gunter,\\nJr., Esq., the Commissioner on the part of Virginia (whom you represent in\\nthis application as well as yourself) to re-locate and mark the Boundary Line\\nbetween those States, in Tangier and Pocomoke Sounds; that you propose\\nto erect certain piles or monuments to mark a portion of said Boundary\\nLine in those waters, as shown on the chart accompanying your letter, and\\nasking if there is any objection on the part of navigation interests to the\\nerection of such structures.\\nIn reply I beg to inform you that there is no objection to the proposed\\npiles or monuments from Horse Hammock East, provided they do not\\nextend beyond the 11-foot curve on the line South 79\u00c2\u00b0, 30^ East.\\nNor is there any objection to the proposed monuments from Watkins Point\\nto B on line South 85\u00c2\u00b0, W West, provided the one nearest the channel\\nshall be inside the 11-foot curve. There is no objection to the proposed\\nmonuments at the points marked C and E.\\nVery respectfully,\\n[Signed,] R. A. ALGER,\\nSecretary of War.\\nThos. S. Hodson, Esq.,\\nCommissiofier on the part of Maryland to re-locate\\nBoundary Line between Maryland and Virginia,\\nBaltimore, Md.\\nOn December the 8th the Commissioners and Engineers of both\\nStates met in Baltimore, on board the Maryland Police Steamer,\\nGovernor Thomas, and sailed together for Crisfield where we\\narrived before day-break the next day. We proceeded first to\\nWatkins Point. We could there find no trace of the stone, set\\nup by Lieut. Abbott, in 1883. We found two pieces of ungalvanized\\ngas pipe, 2)4 inches in diameter, on the upper end of Fox Island.\\nOne of them (the Eastward) had not been moved. The other,\\noriginally set up on the marsh, was now in navigable water and\\nhad probably been down more than once and had been set up again\\nvery nearly in the same place as before.", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "Report of Commissioner for Maryland. 9\\nWe then went to Smith s Island where we found a stone with a\\ngroove cut in the top, running from east to west, having on one\\nside the letter M and the other the letter V. To the North of this,\\nin the marsh, was a gas pipe similar to the one just described, and\\nto the Eastward, near the shore and also near the storehouse of the\\nlate Johnson Evans, was another one.\\nAs there was no one living at Horse Hammock, some of our\\nparty were compelled to walk nearly three miles in the marsh to\\nDrum Point, in order to find some one by whom it could be\\nknown whether or not they were in the same position as when left\\nby Lieut. Abbott in 1883. Mr. Benjamin F. Marsh and others, on\\nthe evening of the 9th and the morning of the 10th, visited us at\\nHorse Hammock, and verified the location of the stone and the gas\\npipe to the North of it. The other pipe originally stood out in the\\nwater and had been washed down -several times. It had remained\\ndown at times for several months and had been replaced each time\\nnearer to the stone and pipe, but in the same line otherwise. This\\nlast pipe had marked the turn or angle the stone not being at the\\nend of the line. The rear-pipe near the stone, however, was on the\\ncontinuation backward of the line out in Tangier Sound and intended\\nin conjunction with the one on the shore as a range pole. The\\nangle or turn must therefore, necessarily, be where the line through\\nthe stone prolonged East crossed the line made by the two range\\npoles. The report of Lieut. Abbott did not make this clear, how-\\never. I therefore addressed a letter to the War Department mak-\\ning inquiry of Lieut. Abbott as to the matter, to which he replied\\nlocating the angle just as we had previously done of our own\\nmotion. The two Commissioners therefore agreed on the angle\\nat Horse Hammock. We also agreed upon the Eastward pipe at\\nFox Island and upon the line running through it to the post\\nbetween Watkins Point and Green Harbor.", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "10 Report of Commissioner for Maryland.\\nBy some error in the former survey this latter point, when located,\\nwas 324 feet South of its true location from Horse Hammock. As\\nwe were re-locating and not making an original location of the line,\\nwe felt bound to adhere to the pipe on Fox Island and to follow\\nthat line to the end at Watkins Point.\\nWe also found a piece of iron pipe, put down by Mr. Junkin,\\nin 1885, under Aydelotte and Bagwell, at point D on the chart.\\nWe were also bound to adhere to this. The first serious difficulty\\nwe encountered was at point C, lying between Watkins Point\\nand D, where no trace could be found of the buoy placed there\\nby Junkin, in 1885. The bounder at Watkins being 334 feet too far\\nSouth and that at D 240 feet too far West, the consequence was\\nthat if the line from Watkins was run East and the line from D\\nSouth-Westwardly each following the courses and distances of\\nthe Black and Jenkins award they would not meet by 400 yards.\\nSome arrangement therefore was necessary of this difficulty if we\\nwere to re-locate and i^e-mark the line, as we were commanded by\\nour commissions to do. There were three ways only to settle it.\\nThe one which was most just to the parties and which was recom-\\nmended by the Engineer for Maryland, was to put C in its true\\nlocation, as calculated from Horse Hammock, and thus to move\\nC a little to the North as compared with its location from Wat-\\nkins, and a little to the Eastward as compared with its location by\\ncourse and distance from D. A preliminary post was put down\\nfrom the steamer on January 18th, in order that a more accurate\\nlocation of it might be made by triangulation afterward from the\\nshore. This was done in the next day or two and the post was\\nfound to be neither East nor West of its proper location but about\\n50 feet to the South of where it should have been. This was after-\\nward corrected the post pulled up and put down in its proper\\nplace, 50 feet Northward.", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "Report of Commissioner for Maryland. 11\\nThe error of 324 feet at Watkins Point, your Commissioner is\\nsatisfied, arose from an incident of the survey under Comissioners\\nBagwell and Aydelotte. The old line between Virginia and Mary-\\nland had always been run so as to throw all the houses at Horse\\nHammock, in Maryland. At the time, when this survey was made,\\n1883, Johnson Evans who lived there, was exceedingly desirous of\\nbeing included in Virginia instead of Maryland, and it is said he\\nappealed to the Commissioners to put him there. I was so told by\\na reliable gentleman on Smith s Island, on the afternoon of De-\\ncember 9th, 1897, and I am informed that the fact was generally\\nknown on Smith s Island.\\nThe stone was set at this time at Horse Hammock by Bagwell\\nand Aydelotte, therefore on the North of the houses instead of the\\nSouth of them, where the line had always heretofore been a diff-\\nerence of just about 320 or 324 feet, to the disadvantage of Mary-\\nland.\\nIn order to reach the point where the stone stands at Horse\\nHammock, Lieut. Abbott was compelled to change the line run-\\nning across Smith s Island from Sassafras Hammock to Horse\\nHammock, and to make it run more than one degree North of its\\ntrue direction. In his report, page 37, he thus describes this line\\nThe azimuth given in the award is South 88\u00c2\u00b0, %W Ea.st that is in azi-\\nmuth estimated from the South 271\u00c2\u00b0, 30^. The azimuth of the line actually\\nmarked is 270\u00c2\u00b0, 14^ 11 86-1 00\\nBut the most singular feature of the deviation at Horse Ham-\\nmock is yet to be told. When we come to the detail at Watkins\\nPoint, on page 39 of the report, he describes a stone monument\\nwhich was there placed, and says\\nThis stone is 320 feet North of the line, and was only put in as a refer-\\nence point from which the true boundary could be found by simple meas-\\nurement.", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "12 Report of Commissioner i^or Maryland.\\nThe granite stone at Horse Hammock is about 320 feet North\\nof what Black and Jenkins laid down as the line, and of what had\\nbefore that been recognized as the State line -along the patent of\\nPittscraft. The Northern part of which was patented in Maryland\\nand the Southern pait in Virginia but the stone at Watkins Point\\ncorresponded precisely with the stone at Horse Hammock the\\ntrue line, however, being declared to be 320 feet to the South of it.\\nLieut. Abbott lays down on his chart (filed with his report) to\\nthe South of the stone and the buildings at Horse Hammock, the\\npoint defined by the Latitude and Longitude as the end of the line\\nat Horse Hammock, as fixed by the Black and Jenkins award,\\n(page 38). It is marked by an X mark.\\nIt may be asked, why if an error at Horse Hammock was so\\nevident I did not contend for the true location there? The answer\\nis, that it appears that the point selected and marked by the stone\\nwas selected and agreed upon and marked by the Commissioners\\nof the two States, each of which is bound by their act. When\\nonce solemnly agreed upon between them, each State is forever\\nestopped from denying that any particular spot so agreed upon\\nand marked is the true boundary.\\nAgain, the award calls for a line to run thence across Smith s\\nIsland South 88\u00c2\u00b0, 30 East 5,620 yards to the centre of Horse\\nHammock on the Eastern shore of Smith s Island, in Latitude 37\u00c2\u00b0,\\n57 8 Longitude 75\u00c2\u00b0, 59 20 The Commissioners fixed centre\\nat the stone where it now is. North of the houses at Horse Ham-\\nmock the Latitude and Longitude fix the centre of the Hammock\\nSouth of the houses. The Commissioners have not only said that\\nthe stone was the centre but it is actually the centre, and a point\\nSouth of the houses is not the centre. But Black and Jenkins ex-\\npressly say in the award, which we have approved\\nIn case of any inaccuracy in the described course or length of the line,\\nor in the Latitude or Longitude of the place, the natural objects called for\\nmust govern.", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "Report of Commissioner for Maryland. 13\\nUnder these admitted facts it would have been unworthy of my-\\nself or my State to have carried on a baseless and useless conten-\\ntion on this point.\\nWhat was lost to us at Horse Hammock was restored to us at\\nWatkins Point. It is fair to presume that the same rule held good\\nout to point C, in Pocomoke Sound. Unfortunately the can buoy\\nwhich formerly marked this point, is gone, and we were compelled\\nto re-locate it, so as to do violence neither to the agreed location\\nat Watkins Point 324 feet too far South nor the one at D 240\\nfeet too far West. An East line from Watkins Point and the South-\\nWest line from D, laid down in the award, would never meet\\nand there would be a hopeless gap in the line. There was there-\\nfore no possible way to discharge our duty of locating and mark-\\ning the line except by a resort to some such compromise, honor-\\nable alike to both, as the one we finally adopted.\\nThe Engineers have also agreed upon the proper marks or\\nmonuments necessary to permanently mark and preserve the line\\nas we have located it. We have procured detailed drawings of\\nthe same, which have been submitted to thoroughly responsible\\nand reliable parties for estimates of their cost, which will be for-\\nwarded to you as soon as received by me.\\nThese will be mostly solid steel piling. They will be quite ex-\\npensive in the outset but it is safe to say that when once properly\\nplaced they will endure far beyond the life-time of any person now\\nliving.\\nThe report of the Engineers, now submitted, is only a brief out-\\nline of their operations. A large number of observing stations\\nwere set up by them, and hundreds of observations were taken\\nfrom them all these will be included as scientific matter in their\\nreal report, which will, as soon as possible, be submitted by them\\nto the Commissioners and by us to our respective States. These\\nwill be exceedingly valuable and should be carefully preserved.", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "14 Report of Commissioner for Maryland.\\nI will say in conclusion, that we are especially fortunate in the\\nEngineers selected by us ^one a talented son of Harvard, the other\\nof the University of Virginia. To say that they were careful and\\ncompetent would afford but a faint idea of their ability and watch-\\nfulness. Nothing escaped them, and every problem that arose\\n(and there were many) was solved by them in its purely scientific\\naspect, without partiality or prejudice. I can truly say for Com-\\nmissioner Gunter and Mr. J. B. Baylor that in no instance did I\\ndetect on their part the slightest unfairness or desire to overreach,\\nand if they detected any of either of these in Mr. Hodgkins or\\nmyself it was unintentional and unknown to us.\\nThe weather during our operations was as unpropitious and\\nunfavorable as possible. Calm and clear weather are very necessary\\nfor successful triangulation. We had very little of either. It is\\nagreed by the Engineers and stated in their report, that when the\\npermanent marks are put down, observations shall be again taken\\nand any irregularities or errors of location then discovered shall\\nbe corrected.\\nTHOS. S. HODSON,\\nCouiniissioncr for Maryland.", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "WASHINGTON, D. C.\\nFebruary 1st, 1898.\\nHon. ThoS. S. Hodson Commtssionets\\nFOR THE\\nAND Survey of tbe BounDarv^ %inc\\nBETWEEN\\nHon. DCnj. 1. uUntei.y /lftar^lan anMJirGima.\\nDear Sirs\\nWe have the honor to submit the following Report\\nupon the work recently executed by us in the delimitation of the\\nBoundary Line between the States of Maryland and Virginia,\\nunder your general direction, as authorized by the Hon. the\\nSecretary of the Treasury, November 20th, 1897.\\nRespectfully yours,\\nW. C. HODGKINS, C. E.,\\n(Harvard University.)\\nAssisfanf C. and G. Survey Engineer\\nfor Maryland.\\nJ. B. BAYLOR, C. E.,\\n(University of Virginia.)\\nAssistant C. and G. Survey Engineer\\nfor Virginia.", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "Joint Report of the Engineers.\\nIt does not seem necesssary in this report to enter upon the var-\\nious questions in controversy leading up to the present survey and\\nwe shall therefore confine ourselves strictly to the methods and\\nresults of our own work. The Commissioners and the Engineers\\nfor both States, having met in Baltimore, left that place on the\\nMaryland Police Steamer, Governor Thomas, on the evening of\\nDecember 8th, and arrived at Crisfield on the following morning.\\nAt that place the party was met by the Virginia Police Steamer,\\nAccomac, and the representatives of Virginia transferred their\\noutfit to that boat.\\nPRELIMINARY SEARCH FOR LANDMARKS.\\nA joint examination of the boundary was at once begun, with a\\nview to the discovery of any traces of the marks left by former\\nsurveys in 1883 and 1885. Although found at different times, a\\nsaving of words and space may be effected by at once describing\\nall of such remains that were discovered. These were as follows:\\n1. A stone post on Horse Hammock, near the Eastern shore of\\nSmith s Island, marking the course of the line from Sassafras\\nHammock Eastward This stone, however, is not at the angle or\\nturning point of the boundary. This conclusion was reached at\\nthe time of the examination of the stone on December 9th and was\\nsubsequently confirmed by a letter, dated January 3d, 1898, from\\nCapt. F. V. Abbot, U. S. A., the officer who located the stone in\\n1883.", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "18 Joint Report of the Engineers.\\n2. Two iron range poles on Horse Hammock, the more\\nWestern of which was nearly North of the stone post and the more\\nEastern was at the edge of the bank, on the shore of Tangier\\nSound. These had been intended to mark the direction of the\\nboundary from Horse Hammock towards the point called A in\\nthe middle of Tangier Sound.\\nThe Western pole was found to be in its proper place, but the\\nEastern pole had been several times washed out by the encroach-\\nments of the waves and was therefore only approximately correct.\\n3. Two iron range poles near the North end of Fox Island,\\nplaced to mark the direction of that part of the line lying between\\nthe point called B in the middle of Tangier Sound and Watkins\\nPoint, North of Green Harbor Island. Of these the Western pole\\nwas found in the edge of the Sound and somewhat inclined from\\nthe action of the wind and waves. The Eastern pole had been\\nbroken off, but the lower portion of it remained intact in the\\nground with a wooden post or stake driven deeply alongside of it.\\n4. The remnant of an iron pipe, projecting a short distance\\nabove the bottom, at the point called D in Pocomoke Sound.\\nThis pipe was placed there on May 20th, 1885, and originally pro-\\njected 12 feet above the surface of the water.\\nCONDITIONS LIMITING THE WORK.\\nIt should be clearly understood at the outset that Messrs. Black\\nand Jenkins, in making the award of 1877, laid down the Boundary\\nLine upon Coast Chart No. 33, of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic\\nSurvey s Series and that the courses, distances, Latitudes, and\\nLongitudes mentioned in the award were all taken from the same\\nchart. This method of procedure, owing to the difficulty of making\\nwith exact precision measurements from a small scale chart, led to", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "Joint Report of the Engineers. 19\\nunavoidable discrepancies between the Latitudes and Longitudes\\ngiven in the award and those obtained by computation from the\\nsuccessive courses and distances given. In this survey it has been\\nconsidered that the given courses and distances, being more pre-\\ncise and definite conditions between successive points of the\\nboundary, should govern the work and that the Latitudes and\\nLongitudes mentioned in the award must be considered as merely\\ndescriptive of the general positions of the points. And the dis-\\ncrepancies are, after all, of very slight importance.\\nBoth of the Commissioners concurred in this view of the case.\\nMETHODS.\\nThe practical work of the survey was carried on by means of\\ntriangulation, the only method applicable in cases where great\\ndistances are to be covered and especially where considerable\\nwater intervals are to be spanned.\\nThe observations were made with four repeating theodolities,\\nfurnished for the purpose by the Coast and Geodetic Survey.\\nSextants, tapes and other necessary implements were also furnished\\nby the Survey.\\nA base line for this work was obtained between two of the\\nstations established by the Coast and Geodetic Survey in 1895, in\\nthe course of a survey of the Fox Islands for the State of Virginia.\\nFrom this base line the triangulation was carried to Horse Ham-\\nmock in the North-West and to Point D in the North-East. The\\ntwo lighthouses at Crisfield harbor having been included in the\\ntriangulation are now available as points of reference for any of\\nthe points of the boundary line and we were also able to connect\\nour work with a station of the old triangulation of the Coast", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "20 Joint Report of the Engineers.\\nSurvey, by means of which we can now give correct Latitudes\\nand Longitudes for the various points of the line. Copies of the\\nobservations, computations and results will be submitted at a later\\ndate, when finally completed.\\nIn the course of this work, nine signals w^ere built and twelve\\nstations were occupied.\\nLOCATION OF POINTS.\\nWe now come to the location of the angular points of the line\\nand the establishment of the proper directions for those portions,\\nboth ends of which are not marked. As just stated above, the\\nangular point at Horse Hammock was not marked in 1883 and\\nthis point was therefore recovered by laying off the proper\\ndirections from the stone post on the line West of the angle and\\nfrom the rear pipe of the range line running towards point A,\\nthe intersection of these two lines giving the desired point.\\nFrom Horse Hammock to point A, the terms of the award\\nrequire that the line should run South 79\u00c2\u00b0, 30 East 4,880 yards.\\nThe Western end of this line is marked, as above stated, by the\\nangular point and the back range. The Eastern end is unmarked,\\nthe depth of water precluding any other than a floating mark at\\nthat point and the Commissioners deeming it unnecessary that the\\nexact point should be indicated in this manner at the present time.\\nFrom A to B the Boundary lies nearly in the middle of\\nTangier Sound, the course being South 10\u00c2\u00b0, 30 West and the dis-\\ntance 4,740 yards. This portion of the line is at present entirely\\nunmarked, the same difficulty of great depth of water existing at\\nB as already noted at A. No oyster or crabbing ground is\\nnear this line. From B the line runs North 85\u00c2\u00b0, 15 East 6,720", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "Joint Report of the Engineers. 21\\nyards, to Watkins Point, as fixed by the arbitrators in 1877, cross-\\ning on the way the Northern extremity of the Fox Island group.\\nAs above stated, two of the marks placed on Fox Tsland in 1883\\nwere recovered and the Eastern and evidently undisturbed of these\\nwas accepted by the Commissioners as a binding monument.\\nFrom the careful triangulation made in the present survey, it was\\nfound that this part of the line was further South than it should\\nbe to conform to the courses and distances from the starting point\\nat Horse Hammock. This discrepancy amounts to about three\\nseconds of Latitude, or about 324 feet. It is no doubt due to the\\ncircumstance that in the survey of 1883 there was no connection\\nbetween the work done at Horse Hammock and that done at Fox\\nIsland.\\nThe angle in the boundary line at Watkins Point was fixed by\\nlaying off a line through the mark found on Fox Island, on the\\ncourse prescribed by the award of 1877, to a point having the\\nsame difference of Longitude from Horse Hammock as required\\nby the courses and distances of the award. The point so found is\\nof course the same distance South of the line fixed by the award\\nas was the mark on Fox Island, but the line thus located has the\\nadvantage of dividing nearly midway the strait or passage between\\nGreen Harbor Island and the main marsh. From Watkins Point,\\nthe award requires that the Boundary Line should run due East\\n7,880 yards to a point known as C in Pocomoke Sound, and that\\nit should thence run North 47\u00c2\u00b0, 30 East 5,220 yards, to another\\npoint known as D, also in Pocomoke Sound.\\nWatkins Point being fixed as above described and **D being\\nfixed by the iron pipe placed there in 1885 (and now recovered) it\\nremained to locate the point called C. As just stated, the mark\\nat Watkins Point is about 324 feet further South than it should be\\nto conform to the courses and distances from the starting point at", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "22 Joint Report of the Enginpers.\\nHorse Hammock and a line thence running due East 7,880 yards\\nwould locate the point C the same distance too far South. On\\nthe other hand it is found from our triangulation that the pipe at\\nD is further West than it should be to agree with the courses\\nand distances prescribed by the award as above. This discrepancy\\namounts to about 240 feet and if we locate the point C with\\nreference to D we should likewise have C 240 feet too far\\nWest. We thus have two points for C, either of which will\\nsatisfy two of the four requirements given by the courses and dis-\\ntances of the award, but neither of which will satisfy them all.\\nNor is it possible to find any point which will so satisfy all the\\nconditions. The two positions obtained by the above methods\\nwould lie nearly North-West and South-East from one another\\nand 400 feet apart. It being obviously necessary to vary either\\ncourses or distances, or both, to find a suitable compromise, it was\\nproposed by the Engineers and agreed by the Commissioners that\\nthe point C should be located at its true position in accordance\\nwith the terms of the award, starting from the mark at Horse\\nHammock and following the prescribed courses and distances.\\nThis location has the following advantages:\\nIt conforms to the intent of the award with reference to this par-\\nticular point.\\nIt reduces to a minimum the unavoidable gains or losses by either\\nState.\\nIt preserves exactly the distance of 7,880 yards from the turn\\nof the boundary at Watkins Point and varies the course only 48\\nminutes.\\nThe bearing of D from C varies only 37 minutes from that\\ngiven by the award, while the discrepancy in distance is only 57\\nyards.", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "Joint Report of the Engineers. 23\\nAll of the above discrepancies are so small as to be hardly notice-\\nable on the map used by the arbitrators as a basis for the award of\\n1877 and effect no property rights of material value. Taking into\\nconsideration the fact, that the line as now located is the result of\\nseveral independent surveys, which have only in the present instance\\nbeen brought into correlation with each other, it is a matter of\\ncongratulation that the almost unavoidable discrepancies should\\nfall within so moderate limits.\\nMARKS PLACED ON THE LINE.\\nA number of marks, some intended to be permanent, while others\\nwere of a necessarily temporary character, were placed upon the\\nland and in the water, to indicate the course of the Boundary.\\nWith reference to these, we wish it understood that as the loca-\\ntions were necessarily made from preliminary computations of our\\nobservations, we reserve the right to correct any slight inaccuracies\\nwhich may appear in the revision of our work. This course is\\ndeemed preferable to that of continuing the expense of the survey\\nwhile this careful revision could be made. As it is understood that\\nour temporary marks are to be replaced at an early date by per-\\nmanent structures, no harm can result from this course. The marks\\nso placed are as follows\\nAt Horse Hammock the angular point and the back range were\\nmarked by terra cotta drain pipes set in cement. The angular\\npoint, Horse Hammock, is 276 feet from the granite post located\\non the line across Smith s Island by Captain F. V. Abbot, U. S. A.,\\nin 1883, and already described in this report. The back range is\\ndistant 55.6 feet from the stone near the North-Western edge of\\nthe Hammock.", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "34 Joint Report of the Engineers.\\nAt Fox Island, the Eastern and reliable point already marked by\\nthe remains of the iron pipe, was further secured by a drain pipe\\nplaced around the iron pipe and secured by cement. The West-\\nern range pole was also set back beyond present reach of the water\\nand was secured by cement.\\nAt Watkins Point a pine tree about eight inches in diameter was\\nfirmly planted in the mud and its position is secured by two lines\\nof ranges upon the marsh to the Northward. One of these lines of\\nranges passes through the triangulation station called Sam in\\nthis survey. Sam, was used as a front range for this line. A\\ndrain pipe secured by cement, set in the marsh about 75 yards from\\nthe shore line, was used as a rear range for this line. The triangu-\\nlation station, Sam, was marked by an iron pipe driven in the\\nmarsh. The other line of ranges has a direction from Watkins\\nPoint of about 30\u00c2\u00b0 P^ast of North. The front range of this line was\\nmarked by a drain pipe secured by cement, set in the marsh near\\nthe shore line, and the rear range was marked by a drain pipe\\nsecured by cement, set in the marsh about 60 yards from the shore\\nline.\\nAt a point approximately midway between Watkins Point and\\nC, a heavy pile, 30 feet in length, was driven JO or 12 feet into\\nthe bottom.\\nAt C, a still heavier pile, 33 feet long, was driven down 12 feet\\nand its position is secured by two lines of range marks upon the\\nshore North-West and North from its location. At D, a pile, 25\\nfeet long, was forced down some 10 feet.\\nIn accordance with your request, we submit in an appended\\npaper, some suggestions as to the kind of permanent marks which\\nwe should think most likely to afford the desired definition of the\\nline.", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "Joint Report of the Engineers. 25\\nWe desire to acknowledge the cordial co-operation of the\\nofficers and men of the State Steamers, Thomas and Accomac,\\nin the course of the survey.\\nSpecial commendation should be given to Mr. F. F. Weld of\\nSugar Grove, Pennsylvania, who acted as assistant observer and\\nmeasured a large portion of the horizontal angles.\\nRespectfully yours,\\nW. C. HODGKINS, C. E.,\\n(Harvard University.)\\nAssistani C. and G. Survey Engineer\\nfor Maryland.\\nJ. B. BAYLOR, C. E.,\\n(University of Virginia.)\\nAssistant C. and G. Survey Engineer\\nfor Virginia.\\nTo\\nHon. Thos. S. Hodson,\\nCommissioner for JMaryland.\\nand\\nHon. Benj. T. Gunter,\\nCommissioner for Virginia.", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "28 Suggestions as to Marks for the Boundary,\\nIf it be desired to preserve the angular point of the boundary\\nat Horse Hammock, some extensive measure for its protection\\nwill be necessary at an early date.\\nA line of sheet piling with heavy rip rapping will be needed for\\nthat purpose. Whether the gain would justify the expense we\\nleave for you to decide.\\nW. C. HODGKINS,\\nJ. B. BAYLOR.", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "FIGURES ILLUSTRATING THE ABOVE,\\nGenei-al Scale\\none tenth of an inch to a foot", "height": "2289", "width": "2714", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "Map of JBoundary Line in Tmu/ier and Pocomoke Sounds.\\nT\\nV\\n6\\n60U/V\\nD\\n,c\\n3. r^^\\nare at r OK r fes", "height": "1547", "width": "4017", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3314", "width": "2077", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3402", "width": "2088", "jp2-path": "reportofcommissi01mary_0046.jp2"}}