{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3510", "width": "2038", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "(lass r 3 y\\nHook- v", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "6\\nOF THE\\nHISTORYOF NEW-HAMPSHIRE,\\nFROM ITS SETTLEMENT IN\\n1623, to 1833\\nCOMPRISING NOTICES OF THE MEMORABLE EVENTS AND\\nINTERESTING INCIDENTS OF A PERIOD OF\\nTtt O HUNDRED AND TEN YEARS.\\nBY JOHN M. WHITON.\\nCONCORD:\\nMARSH, CAPEN AND LYON.\\n1834.", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "Entered according to an Act of Congress, in the year 1834,\\nBy John M. Whiton,\\nIn the Clerk s Office of the District Court of New-Hampshire\\nCONCORD,\\nEastman, Webster k Co.,\\nPrinters.", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "ADVERTISEMENT.\\nThis book is but an outline, intended chiefly for those who\\nlack time or inclination to encounter a large work. Valuable\\nas is the History of Belknap, its size and cost exclude from the\\nnumber of its readers a large proportion of the citizens of\\nNew-Hampshire. Our State History is not to any great ex-\\nt in the popular mind. To exhibit its memorable events\\ni interesting incidents in a condensed form, fitted to produce\\na salutary moral impression, is the object of the author. How\\nfar he may have succeeded, must be left to the decision of the\\npublic. From all quarters he has borrowed whatever suited\\nhis purpose. In relation to the earlier periods of our History he\\nis indebted to Belknap for a large proportion of the materials\\nthough many facts of interest derived from other sources, wil\\nbe found interwoven with the narration. He acknowledges his\\nobligations to the Historical Collections of Messrs. Farmer and\\nMoore the Collections of the N. H. Historical Society and\\nthe valuable Notes appended by Mr. Farmer to his edition of\\nBelknap. He has derived important materials from the Ga-\\nzetteer of Farmer and Moore, the Travels of Dwight, and the\\nAnnals of Portsmouth by Adams. Some facts have been\\ngleaned from the Histories of AVinthrop, Mather, Hutchinson?\\nTrumbull, Williams, Sullivan, and Hoyt from the Annals of\\nHolmes from the American Biography of Belknap, and the\\nBiographical Dictionaries of Allen and Eliot from Thatcher s\\nLives of the Indians from the Ecclesiastical Sketches of\\nGreenleaf; from Bouton s History of Education in New-\\nHampshire from a variety of Pamphlets from Newspapers\\nfrom Manuscripts, and Records in the office of the Secretary", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "IV\\nof the State and from the oral communications of aged and\\nintelligent persons.\\nFor some, important hints and corrections the author is in-\\ndebted to the kindness of John Farmer, Esq., Corresponding\\nSecretary of the N. H. Historical Society. This gentleman\\nauthorizes the statement, that the design some time ago en-\\ntertained by him of preparing for the press an Abridgement\\nof Belknap, has been relinquished.", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.\\nTo fix in the mind of the reader, by an arrangement designed\\nto aid the memory, the principal Epochs of our History, it will\\nbe divided into Periods, according to the following\\nTABLE OF CONTENTS.\\nPERIOD I. Extending from the first settlement of the State in\\n1623, to the voluntary union of the inhabitants with Massa-\\nchusetts in 1641.\\nPERIOD II. From the union with Massachusetts in 1641, to\\nthe separation and erection of New- Hampshire into a distinct\\nRoyal Province in 1679 including the events of the first In-\\ndian war, called Phillip s war.\\nPERIOD III. From the erection of New-Hampshire into a\\nRoyal Province in 1679, to the close of King William s war\\nin 1698.\\nPERIOD IV.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 From the peace of 1698, to the close of Queen\\nAnn s war in 1713.\\nPERIOD V. From the peace of 1713, to the establishment of\\nthe Provincial lines and the appointment of a separate Gover-\\nnor for New-Hampshire in 1741 including the events of tlie\\nthree years or LovewelVs war.\\nPERIOD VI.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 From the appointment of a separate Governor\\nfor Neiv- Hampshire in 1741, to the end of the second French\\nivar in 1763.\\nPERIOD VII.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 From the peace of 1763, to the commencement\\nof the Revolutionary war in 1775.", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "PERIOD VIII. From the commencement of the Revolutionary\\ncontest in 1775, to the establishment of the present Constitution\\nof Neic- Hampshire in 1784.\\nPERIOD IX. From the establishment of the present State\\nConstitution in 1784, to the commencement of Gov. Langdori s\\nAdministration in 1805.\\nPERIOD X. From the commencement of Gov. Langdon s Ad-\\nministration in 1805, to the year 1833.", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "PERIOD I.\\nFROM THE FIRST SETTLEMENT OF THE STATE IN 1623, TO THE\\nVOLUNTARY UNION OF THE INHABITANTS WITH MASSACHU-\\nSETTS IN 1641.\\nThe coast of New-Hampshire and the fine harbor of the\\nPascataqua are commonly, but somewhat incorrectly said to\\nhave been discovered in 1614 by the celebrated English navi-\\ngator, Captain John Smith. It is certain that the coast from\\nCape Cod to Passamaquoddy had been frequently visited by\\nEuropean vessels engaged in Indian traffic and the fisheries\\nfor a preceding period of thirty years and highly probable\\nthat some of the adventurers must have found the river Pas-\\ncataqua. Smith however explored the coast from Cape Cod\\nto Penobscot, and constructed the first map of it, which on his\\nreturn he presented to Prince Charles, afterwards the unfor-\\ntunate Charles I., who gave the country the name of New-Eng-\\nland. Eight years afterwards, Captain John Mason and Sir\\nFerdinando Gorges obtained from the Council of Plymouth\\nin England, who held a Charter from the British King of an\\nimmense region in America, a grant of the lands lying between\\nthe Merrimac and Kennebec rivers, and extending back to the\\nriver and lakes of Canada. This tract was called Laconia,\\nand it included New Hampshire and all the western part of\\nMaine. They admitted several merchants of London and\\nother trading places to some sort of partnership in the concern,\\nand styled themselves The Company of Laconia.\\nThis Company sent over in 1623 several persons to form a\\nsettlement on the Pascataqua. They arrived in safety, well\\nsupplied with provisions, tools of various kinds, and other ne-\\ncessaries. The precise time of their landing is not known\\nfrom the name of Strawberry Bank which they applied to\\nthe spot where the compact part of Portsmouth now stands, it\\nwould seem that a profusion either of strawberry blossoms or\\nfruit welcomed their arrival, which must have been of course\\nsometime before midsummer. Of these Colonists, a part un-", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "8 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1623.\\nder the conduct of David Thompson established themselves\\non Odiorne s point at Little Harbor, two or three miles below\\nPortsmouth, where they erected a house called Mason s Hall,\\nand constructed works for the manufacture of salt. The oth-\\ner part, under the direction of Edward and William Hilton,\\nplanted themselves at Dover Neck, to which they gave the\\nname of Northam. For some years these establiskments were\\nmerely fishing places and advanced but slowly, Dover being the\\nmore important of the two. Fish were taken in abundance\\nand salt being indispensable to their preservation, the people\\nat Little Harbor prosecuted the manufacture of it with dili-\\ngence and success. Their nearest neighbors on the south were\\nthose at Plymouth on the east were a few scattered settlers at\\nKittery, Saco, and one or two other points on the coast of\\nMaine.\\nFrom the surrounding Indians they obtained by barter some\\nfurs and peltries. A considerable number of this aboriginal\\nrace, amounting probably to 5000, then dwelt within the State.\\nA small tribe was planted in the vicinity of Exeter another\\nunder a chief named Rowls, near Dover and a third, the\\nPascataquas, on the banks of the river of that name. The\\nOssipees roamed around the Winnepiseogee and Ossipee lakes,\\nand the Pequawkets on the upper branches of the Saco river.\\nThe large tribe of the Penacooks occupied the lands on the\\nMerrimac, making Concord and Amoskeag their chief places\\nof resort. Passaconaway, famous in the early annals of New-\\nEngland, was their Sachem. This man pretended to be a\\nSorcerer and made his credulous subjects believe that he could\\nproduce a green leaf from the ashes of a diy one, a living ser-\\npent from the skin of a dead one, and could make water burn\\nand trees dance He probably excelled in the arts of leger-\\ndemain and became one of the most noted Powahs or Conju-\\nrors among the tribes of New-Hampshire. No Indian resident\\nof this region ever acquired so great a celebrity among both\\nred men and white. He extended his dominion not only\\nover the Indians in the central and eastern parts of this State,\\nbut over some small bands in the northeastern part of Massa-\\nchusetts, and his authority was acknowledged from the mouth\\nof the Merrimac to a point considerably above Concord, and\\nalso on the different branches of the Pascataqua. The tribes\\nwithin these limits formed a confederacy distinguished by the\\ngeneral name of Pawtuckets, of which the Penacooks were\\nthe most important member, and Passaconaway the Supreme\\nHead. He was advanced far in years when the English first\\nsettled here, lived at least forty years after that event, and was", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "1629.] period i.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1623\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1641. 9\\nsaid to have died at the great age of an hundred and twenty\\na statement which has justly been pronounced to have an air\\nof exaggeration. On the Connecticut river were some small\\ntribes whose names, with the exception of the Coos Indians*\\nwhose hunting grounds extended over large portions of the\\nCounties of Grafton and Coos, are now unknown. These\\ntribes for half a century exhibited in general a peaceful dispo-\\nsition, and treated even with friendship the little band of En-\\nglish immigrants whom they might easily have exterminated.\\nThey have disappeared from the earth and most of their me-\\nmorials have perished forever The occasional exhumation\\nof their bones, and the frequent discovery of arrow-heads,\\nstone pestles and hatchets turned up by the plow, are all that\\nremind the present inhabitants of their ill-fated predecessors!\\nScarce an Indian now remains in the State.\\nIt might be expected that a Colony so feeble as was that on\\nthe Pascataqua, would furnish during its first years few events\\nof interest and such is the fact. As is usual in such cases,\\nthe adventurers had their hands full in preserving in any tol-\\nerable comfort their own existence. Some events of the date\\nof 1628 awakened apprehensions,which however proved to be\\npremature, of Indian hostilities. One Morton, an unprincipled\\nman, had formed an establishment at Weymouth in Massa-\\nchusetts, where he harbored runaway servants and sold guns\\nand powder to the Indians, many of whom were met in the\\nwoods armed. Apprehensive of the consequences, the people\\non the Pascataqua joined with others in requesting the Plym-\\nouth Colony to break up Morton s establishment: which was\\neffected by an armed force under the gallant Capt. Standish,\\nwho made Morton a prisoner and sent him to England for\\ntrial.\\nThe year 1629 is the date of a deed signed by four Indian\\nSagamores or Chiefs, conveying to the Rev. John Wheelwright\\nand others a large tract of land between the Merrimac and\\nPascataqua rivers, extending back into the country as far as to\\nthe present town of Amherst. The consideration was a few\\ncoats, shirts, and kettles. Recent investigation has resulted in\\nthe discovery that this deed is not genuine, and that Wheelwright\\nnever made a purchase from the Indians till 1638. The mo-\\ntive of the forgery, it would seem, must have been to throw\\nsome obstruction in the way of Mason s claim.\\nThere is evidence that the founders of New-Hampshire\\npurchased their lands of the aboriginal possessors, on terms\\nsatisfactory to the latter. It is not uncommon of late to charge\\nour forefathers with cheating the Indians in these purchases", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "10 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1631.\\nbut a little reflection will in most cases acquit them. To the\\nIndian, who had a profusion of other lands, a few coats, axes,\\nor kettles were a capital object and trifling as their value may\\nseem to us, were a greater benefit to him than he could possi-\\nbly derive from keeping the land. To the English purchaser,\\nthe value of his acquisition was created chiefly by the labor\\nbestowed on it, and the price, under all circumstances,\\nas much as he could well afford. In relation to both par-\\nties the transaction was fair and beneficial. An amusing\\noccurrence illustrative of the justness of these views, is re-\\nlated by Dr. Dwight. Among the early settlers of Springfield,\\nMs. were a carpenter and a tailor. The latter had purchased\\nof an Indian for a trifle, 5000 acres of interval in West-Spring-\\nfield. Wishing to purchase a wheelbarrow of the carpenter,\\nhe offered him at his choice, the making of a suit of clothes,\\nor the tract of land. After some hesitation the carpenter took\\nthe land. If the state of things was then such that an En-\\nglishman could sell 5000 acres of fine land for a wheelbarrow,\\nan Indian might well afford it for a shirt or a kettle.\\nNear the close of the year, Mason and Gorges by mutual\\nagreement divided Laconia into two parts. The tract on the\\neast of the Pascataqua was relinquished to Gorges, who called\\nit Maine while the part west of this river, and north of the\\nMerrimac extending back into the country 60 miles, was con-\\nfirmed to Mason by a new patent, and called New-Hampshire,\\nafter the County of Hampshire, in England, the place of his\\nresidence. This new grant must of course have been sub-\\nject to the subordinate rights and properties acquired by his\\nassociates in the company of Laconia. For the security of\\ntheir interests, a part of these associates obtained a grant of\\nthe township of Dover the remaining part of them, inclu-\\nding Mason himself, procured not long after, a Charter of\\nPortsmouth. Thomas Wiggin was appointed Superintendent\\nof the plantation at Dover, and Walter Neal of that at Ports-\\nmouth. Neal s agency was commenced in 1631, and he had\\nunder his direction several stewards, of whom the principal\\nwere Ambrose Gibbons, George Vaughan, Thomas Warnerton,\\nHumphrey Chadbourne, and Edward Godfrey, who had the\\noversight of the several departments of trade, fishery, salt-\\nmaking, building, and agriculture. These men each superin-\\ntended a number of hired servants, including several Danes\\nwhom the proprietors had sent over to the Pascataqua. Prior\\nto this date the chief seat of business and population had been\\nat Little Harbor now, they began to be removed to Straw-\\nberry Bank, or Portsmouth, where Chadbourne erected what", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "1632.] period i.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1623\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1641. 11\\nwas called Tlie Great House. Neal however resided at Little\\nHarbor with Godfrey the manager of the fishery, who had un-\\nder his care quite a little fleet of shallops, fishing boats, and\\nskiffs. The Danes sawed lumber and made potash. Thepro^\\nprietors sent over several cannon which were placed on Great\\nIsland, in a position to command the main entrance into the\\nharbor.\\nWiggin, the proprietary Agent at Dover, took possession of a\\npoint of land in Newington, and began to make some improve-\\nments. Viewing the measure as an encroachment on his planta-\\ntion, Neal, the agent at Portsmouth ordered him to desist.\\nWiggin refused with threats, on which the parties became exas-\\nperated and prepared to appeal to the sword. They would\\ndoubtless have proceeded to extremities, had not some conside-\\nrate persons persuaded them to refer the dispute to their\\nemployers in England. The place acquired the name of\\nBloody Point, which it retains to this day.\\nThe White Mountains, so prominent a feature in the scenery\\nof New-Hampshire, failed not to attract the attention of the\\nearly settlers. To the whole group the Indians gave the name\\nof Agiocochook. The summits they regarded with superstitious\\nveneration as the abode of invisible beings, and never ascended\\nthem, supposing that these spirits would resent the attempt as an\\nintrusion into their sacred precincts. They had a tradition that\\nwhen the land was once covered with a flood, one man and one\\nwoman only found a refuge on the highest summit, by whose\\nposterity the country was afterwards repeopled. Capt. Neal,\\nwho was by no means devoid of the passion for discovery, had\\nheard a glowing description of the interior region as containing\\nlarge lakes, goodly forests, fair valleys, and fertile plains.\\nSomething he had heard of the White Mountains. Stimulated\\nby the desire of exploring these regions and especially by the\\nhope of discovering precious metals, he visited the mountains\\nin 1632, and on his return published a romantic and exagger-\\nated description of them under the name of the Crystal Hills.\\nThe anticipated mines of silver and gold he did not find.\\nNot long afterwards he was Summoned to an expedition of\\nquite another sort. The coast of Maine was infested by a no-\\nted pirate, Dixy Bull, who had taken and plundered several\\nfishing vessels and made himself the terror of those parts.\\nNeal equipped four vessels manned by forty men from Dover\\nand Portsmouth, then distinguished as the upper and lower\\nplantations, and being joined by a party from Boston, sailed in\\nquest of the pirate but bad weather and contrary winds com-\\npelled them to return without meeting him. Justice however", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "12 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1633.\\novertook him at last, for on his arrival in England he was ar-\\narested and executed.\\nNeal returned to England in 1633 after having presided over\\nthe lower plantation about three years, leaving in the hands of\\nGibbons and Warnerton the superintendence of its affairs.\\nWiggin returned from a visit to England not long after Neal s\\ndeparture, bringing with him several additional Colonists, a-\\nmong whom was the Rev. William Leveridge, who officiated\\nsometime as Minister of Dover and was the first preacher of\\nthe gospel who came into New-Hampshire. A meeting-house,\\nthe first one erected in the State, had been built at Dover Neck\\nthe year before, and fortified in such a manner that in case of\\nan attack it might serve as a garrison. Mr. Leveridge was an\\nestimable character but his support proving inadequate he\\nwas compelled soon to remove into Massachusetts, to the great\\ninjury of the people he left behind. For several succeeding\\nyears Dover was agitated by divisions occasioned by loose and\\nimmoral Ministers, such as retire from well-principled societies\\nto places where their characters are but imperfectly known.\\nThe ill examples of these men, whose names are unworthy of\\na place in history, had a lasting and baleful influence on the\\nreligious interests of the infant plantation.\\nThe support of the colony, including the wages, food, cloth-\\ning, and other supplies of their agents and servants, was now\\nfelt by the Proprietors in England to be a burden. Their out-\\nlays had been large they had received but small returns and\\ntheir fond expectation of the discovery of precious Metals had\\nbeen disappointed. Planted in this vast wilderness, their a-\\ngents and servants had as much as they could well do to take\\ncare of themselves. They had indeed no reason to complain\\nthat their employers withheld supplies but such was the dis-\\ntance of the sources whence they were drawn, that the occur-\\nrence of occasional scarcity could hardly be avoided. One of\\nthe principal men with a family of ten persons had been re-\\nduced in one of the preceeding seasons to a single half bushel\\nof corn, and had but one piece of beef or pork for three months.\\nThe people were dependent on*England and Virginia for bread-\\nstuffs which must be sent to the Windmill in Boston to be\\nground, there being at that time no mill in the Colony.\\nMost of the proprietors became discouraged and either re-\\nlinquished or sold their interests here to Mason and Gorges.\\nThe latter soon transferred his claims to the former, who be-\\ncame almost sole proprietor of Portsmouth. Endued with\\nuntiring perseverance and sanguine in his anticipations of profit,\\nhe lost no time after Neal s return in sending over fresh sup-", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "1635.] period i.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1623\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1641. 13\\nplies of settlers and goods, and appointed Francis Williams,\\na discreet and worthy man, Governor of that place.\\nWhile fondly anticipating from these arrangements an im-\\nprovement in the state of his affairs in the new world, Mason\\nwas removed by death near the close of 1635. Originally a\\nmerchant of London, he afterwards became Governor of New-\\nfoundland, and of Portsmouth in England. His name merits\\nthe respectful remembrance of future generations as the Father\\nor New-Hampshire. Unquestionably he committed some ma*\\nterial errors in the management of the Colony, never coming\\nin person to oversee the people he employed, but trusting every\\nthing to the eyes of others. He failed to establish a govern-\\nment of sufficient energy to maintain good order, and erred\\nmuch in granting lands to the settlers by lease, rather than as\\nfree-holds it being certain that the latter tenure would have\\ngiven them a much deeper interest in the prosperity of the\\nplantation. In directing their attention less to the cultivation\\nof the soil, that surest source of competence, than to lumber-\\ning, fishing, traffic, and searching for precious metals which\\nwere never found, he erred greatly. No wonder a settlement\\nplanted in a vigorous climate and thus managed, should ad-\\nvance with tardy steps and yield but small returns. Still he\\npersevered in his efforts till death but neither himself nor his\\nheirs ever received returns at all proportioned to the outlays.\\nHe left the mass of his properties and claims here to two grand-\\nsons devising however one thousand acres of land for the\\nsupport of an honest, godly, and religious preacher of God s\\nWord, and another thousand for the support of a Grammar\\nschool.\\nOf the war with the Pequots in 1637, which resulted in the\\nextermination of that powerful tribe, the chief burden fell on\\nMassachusetts and Connecticut, leaving the Pascataqua settle-\\nments undisturbed. Among the whole number of troops who\\nachieved the victory was found but one pint of strong ivater,\\nas rum was then called and that was reserved for the sick.\\nTo that adventurous and hardy generation, the use of ardent\\nspirits was almost unknown, nor did it become common in\\nNew-England for more than a century afterwards.\\nThe next year is memorable on account of the first great\\nearthquake which occurred after the settlement of the country.\\nIts course was from west to east its duration, four minutes\\nits noise like that of a multitude of carriages driven swiftly on\\nthe pavements. It threw down the tops of chimneys, agitated\\nthe waters, and shook the vessels in the harbors.\\nReligious controversies for a season convulsed Massachusetts\\nB", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "14 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1638.\\nand issued in the banishment from that colony of several distin-\\nguished men. The Rev. John Wheelwright, one of the exiles,\\nwith a company of his friends and adherants, began this year\\nthe settlement of Exeter. They entered into a voluntary asso-\\nciation for the purpose of self-government, and having obtain-\\ned a dismission from the church in Boston, organized the first\\nCongregational church in this Colony. Soon after, a compa-\\nny of fifty-six persons from England with the Rev. Stephen\\nBatchelor for their minister, planted themselves at Hampton\\nand organized the second Congregational church. Messrs.\\nWheelwright and Bachelor were the first settled ministers in the\\nState. A third Congregational church was collected not long\\nafterwards at Dover, where the celebrated Capt. John Under-\\nbill, another of the exiles from Massachusetts, had obtained the\\nplace of chief magistrate an eccentric man, who afterwards\\nwent among the Dutch at New-York and was actively engaged\\nin their wars with the Indians. Prior to these events, an Epis-\\ncopal society at Portsmouth, afterwards under the temporary\\nministry of the Rev. Richard Gibson, had erected a small house\\nfor Divine worship, there being no Congregational church in\\nthis town for many years afterwards.\\nAfter the death of Mason, his widow, who had sent over\\nFrancis Norton as her agent, discouraged with a concern which\\nrequired great expense and brought in no adequate returns,\\nsent word to her agents and servants hi 1639 that they must\\nprovide for themselves. Appropriating her goods and cattle\\nin payment of the arrears of their wages, and carrying with\\nthem the avails of their shares, some left the plantation while\\nothers remained, keeping possession of the buildings and im-\\nprovements which they henceforth claimed as their own.\\nThe Colonists, who had hitherto been governed by the rules\\nand orders of the Proprietors in England, were now left des-\\ntitute of regular government. As a temporary expedient the\\npeople of Portsmouth and Dover, following the example of\\nExeter, formed themselves by voluntary combination into bod-\\nies politic Hampton having been considered from the first as\\nunder the government of Massachusetts. So acceptably had\\nWilliams conducted the public affairs of Portsmouth, that he\\nwas now by the choice of the people continued in the chief\\nmagistracy of the place, with Ambrose Gibbons and Thomas\\nWarnerton as assistant magistrates.\\nLiable to be overturned by every fluctuation of popular feel-\\ning, these little Republics subsisted but a short time. The\\nleading men felt the need of a more stable and energetic gov-\\nernment but saw no prospect of attaining it but by a connec-", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "164L] period i.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1623\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1641. 15\\ntion with the large and flourishing Colony of Massachusetts.\\nThey made overtures for this purpose which were favorably\\nentertained. Gladly availing herself of an opportunity to en-.\\nlarge her jurisdiction, Massachusetts in 1641 received the Pas-\\ncataqua plantations into union on terms extremely advantageous\\nto the latter. Probably at this time their whole population did\\nnot much exceed 1000 souls. By the terms of union they ac-\\nquired the right of representation in the General Court atBos-\\nton the privilege of having Courts of Justice erected within\\ntheir own limits freedom from all taxes except for their own\\nexclusive benefit and exemption from the operation of the\\nMassachusetts Test Act, by which exemption their freemen\\nwere allowed to vote in town meeting and their Representatives\\nto sit in the General Court, though not church members. The\\nunion thus peaceably and happily formed, long subsisted to\\nthe satisfaction and benefit of both parties.\\nDuring the occurrence of the events already related, the tide\\nof emigration from the old world poured into other parts of\\nNew-England a continued stream of population. A consider-\\nable company arrived at Salem in 1628; many others soon\\nfollowed and founded Charlestown in 1629, and Boston in 1630\\nthe peninsular form of these places being finely adapted both\\nfortrade and defence. In 1G35, emigrants from Massachusetts.,\\nallured by the fertile intervals on Connecticut river, crossed\\nthe wilderness, driving before them the cows on whose milk\\nthey depended in part for subsistence, and planted themselves\\nat Hartford and the vicinity. Plantations were soon made at\\nProvidence and New-Haven. The current of population dif-\\nfused itself rapidly on the eastern shore of Massachusetts, the\\nnorthern shore of Long Island Sound, up the Connecticut riv-\\ner to Springfield and Northampton, and down the coast of\\nMaine from Kittery to Wiscasset. In 1640, about 20,000 per-\\nsons, distributed into 4000 families, had come here from Eng-\\nland in the course of twenty years, in 198 ships, of which only\\none was lost at sea. From this original stock have descended\\nmost of the present inhabitants of New-England, together with\\nvast numbers in New- York, Ohio, and other States, amounting\\nperhaps in the whole to 4,000,000 souls An immense increase\\nfor two centuries. The tide of New-England population has\\nalready crossed the Mississippi, and in another century will\\nroll westward over the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific We\\nare reminded of the declaration of Moses to Israel Thy fa-\\nthers went down into Egypt with threescore and ten persons,\\nand lo, the Lord thy God hath made thee as the stars of Heaven\\nfor multitude,", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "PERIOD II.\\nFROM THE UNION WITH MASSACHUSETTS IN 1641, TO THE SEP-\\nARATION AND ERECTION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE INTO A DISTINCT\\nPROVINCE IN 1679 INCLUDING THE EVENTS OF THE FIRST\\nGENERAL INDIAN WAR, CALLED PHILIP S WAR.\\nNo sooner had Massachusetts spread the wing of her juris-\\ndiction over the Pascataqua settlements as New-Hampshire\\nwas then called, than she made provision for the due admin-\\nistration of justice in her new acquisitions. Exeter and\\nHampton were annexed to the county of Essex, while Ports-\\nmouth and Dover retained distinct jurisdictions. Francis\\nWilliams, Thomas Warnerton, and Ambrose Gibbons were\\nappointed magistrates for Portsmouth, and Edward Hilton,\\nThomas Wiggin, and William Waldron, for Dover. These\\nwere the influential men of the day. This arrangement was\\nhowever temporary two years afterwards these four towns,\\nwhose ancient limits were much more extensive than the pres-\\nent, together with Salisbury and Haverhill in Massachusetts,\\nwere made a distinct county by the name of Norfolk. Each\\ntown had an Inferior Court of three persons, for the trial of\\ncauses not exceeding twenty shillings, and Portsmouth and\\nDover had what was called a Court of Associates, whose ju-\\nrisdiction extended to causes where the matter in dispute did\\nnot exceed twenty pounds, from whose decisions lay an appeal\\nto the County Court. The laws of Massachusetts now operated\\nin New-Hampshire, and the history of the two plantations\\nduring the period embraced in this chapter is blended together.\\nAgainst immorality of every kind the laws were severe trea-\\nson, murder, perjury, blasphemy, idolatry, adultery, rape, un-\\nnatural lusts, man-stealing, and rebellion against parents, were\\nmade capital crimes. The Sabbath was scrupulously guarded\\nfrom violation, and even the expenses and modes of dress\\nwere regulated by legal enactments.\\nApprehensive of some molestation under the new order of\\nthings, the Rev. Mr. Wheelwright of Exeter, whose sentence\\nof banishment from Massachusetts was still in force, thought\\nproper to retire beyond the jurisdiction of the authorities of\\nthat Province, to Wells in Maine. He was followed by sev-", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "1644.] period ii.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1641\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1679. 17\\neral members of his church, who formed a new church in that\\nplace. Being a man of talent and unblemished character, he\\nwas soon permitted to return and exercise his ministry at\\nHampton. Some time afterwards he went to England, and\\nfound a kind reception from the Lord Protector Cromwell,\\nwho remembered him as an old college acquaintance. He re-\\nturned to New-England, exercised his ministry in Massachu-\\nsetts, and lived to an advanced age.\\nSerious apprehensions were excited in 1642, by reports of a\\nplot being formed by the Indians to exterminate the English\\nby going to their houses on pretence of trade, and killing them\\nby surprise. An armed party, sent by the government to dis-\\narm Passaconaway, who then resided for a time near Haver-\\nhill, Mass. failed to reach his weekwam on account of a great\\nrain, but made one of his sons a prisoner. As they were\\nconducting him towards Boston, he attempted an escape, when\\none of the party rashly made a shot at him and narrowly missed\\nhim. It being soon discovered that the reports of the plot had\\nbut a slender foundation, an apology was made to the father\\nfor the act of violence committed on the son, which the old\\nChief accepted and not long after, as a pledge of his ami-\\ncable intentions, voluntarily delivered up his guns. However\\ngroundless might have been the alarm, it had the effect the\\nnext year of inducing the four Colonies of Massachusetts, Con-\\nnecticut, New-Haven, and Plymouth, to form a league for\\nmutual defence in case of attack, either by Indians or foreign\\nenemies. As a constituent part of Massachusetts, the New-\\nHampshire towns were of course included in the union. It\\nsubsisted more than forty years, rendered the Colonies for-\\nmidable to the Indians, and contributed essentially to their\\npreservation.\\nOf early New-England simplicity, we have an amusing in-\\nstance in the mode of electing some of the public officers. By an\\norder of the Massachusetts General Court, corn and beans were\\nto be used in voting for Counsellors, the corn to manifest elec-\\ntions, the beans the contrary. On putting in more than one\\nkernel of corn or one bean for the choice or refusal of a can-\\ndidate, the law imposed a heavy penalty.\\nIn 1644 occurred an important change in the form of the\\ngovernment. Hitherto the Magistrates and Representatives\\nwho together constituted the General Court, had holden their\\nsessions in the same apartment and acted as one body. From\\nthis time, the Magistrates met in a separate apartment, consti-\\ntuting an Upper House: and bills were sent from one House\\nto the other for mutual concurrence in a parliamentary way.\\nB*", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "18 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1647.\\nIn a few years after Mason s widow had left the New-Hamp-\\nshire colonists to shift for themselves, her principal agents and\\nstewards had taken their leave of the Pascataqua, and her\\ngoods and effects were scattered to the four winds, Thomas\\nWamerton, who had for some time resided at the Great House\\non Strawberry Bank, the name by which Portsmouth was\\ndistinguished for thirty years from its settlement, went to No-\\nva Scotia with a quantity of goods and military stores, formerly\\nthe property of Mason, which he sold to the French and was\\nafterwards slain in that country in a rencontre with the inhab-\\nitants. The next year Norton, the chief proprietary agent,\\ndrove an hundred head of cattle to Boston, where he sold\\nthem at twenty pounds sterling a head. They were of the\\nDanish breed, the first cattle brought into the State having\\nbeen imported from Denmark.\\nMassachusetts began in 1647, that admirable system of com-\\nmon school education which has since spread so extensively\\nin the United States. A law was passed requiring a school to\\nbe kept in each town of fifty families, in which all the chil-\\ndren might learn reading and writing. This provided the\\nmeans of education for the poor as well as the rich, and\\nbrought them almost to every man s door. As the popula-\\ntion increased in the several towns, they were afterwards divi-\\nded into sections or districts. To this ancient law, so evincive\\nof the wisdom of our Fathers, we may clearly trace the origin\\nof the present system of popular Education in the State.\\nAbout the same period was commenced that course of be-\\nnevolent effort to evangelize and civilize the Indian tribes,\\nwhich reflects so much lustre on many of the Fathers of New-\\nEngland. Mayhew, Eliot, and other good men, visited many\\nof the Indian villages in Massachusetts and Plymouth Colo-\\nnies, making long journeys on foot through the pathless wil-\\nderness, lodging in their smoky weekwams, and preaching to\\nthem the plainest and simplest doctrines of the gospel. At\\nfirst the Indians asked many strange questions, like these\\nWhy sea water is salt and river water fresh Whether Christ\\nunderstood prayers in the Indian language How the English\\ncame to differ so much from the Indians, if both sprang from\\none Father But these good men persevered in their efforts,\\nand were successful. In the course of twenty years, numer-\\nous societies of Christian or praying Indians were formed in\\nMassachusetts, many of whose members exhibited good evi-\\ndence of intelligent Christian piety. For the New-Hamp-\\nshire Indians, we regret to say, little of the kind was done. Mr.\\nEliot however visited Pawtucket now and then, a noted fishing", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "IG47.] period ii.\u00e2\u0080\u00941(j41\u00e2\u0080\u00941G79. 19\\nstation in the vicinity of Lowell, and preached to the Indians\\nin that quarter. The celebrated Passaconaway was one of his\\nauditors, and shewed himself friendly to the preacher and\\nsomewhat inclined to the Christian doctrine. He urged him to\\nvisit them more frequently, remarking that the preacher s com-\\ning once a year did them but little good, because they had\\nsoon forgotten what he taught, it being so seldom and so long\\nbetweei/ the times, also that he had many subjects who\\nwould not believe km, that praying to God was so good,\\nwho might be convinced by the preaching itself. Some of the\\nChristian societies formed among the Indians of Massachu-\\nsetts subsisted half a century, till death cut off most of the\\nmembers, and the extension of the English settlements drove\\nthe survivors into the wilderness. With immense labor, Mr.\\nEliot, deservedly called the Apostle of the Indians, translated\\nthe whole Bible* into their language.\\nBright as the character of the founders of New-England\\nshines, in the traits just exhibited, truth requires the admission\\nthat it was not free from some serious defects. Their zeal\\nwas sometimes directed to objects trifling, and even puerile, as\\nin their violent opposition to the use of wigs, and the wearing\\nof long hair by men. But their most glaring error was a dis-\\nposition to coerce those of a religious persuasion different\\nfrom their own. We read the accounts of their arbitrary pro-\\nceedings against Baptists and Quakers, with grief and won-\\nder that men, but just escaped from the gripe of persecution,\\ncould find it in their hearts to inflict on others the very evils\\nunder which themselves had so severely smarted The trait\\nis incapable of vindication the only apology that can be of-\\nfered is the old one, that it was the fault of the age in general,\\nand that the principles of religious liberty were at that time\\nimperfectly understood. But after all just abatements, their\\ncharacter certainly presents many excellent points. The\\nlove of civil liberty glowed in their bosoms. Of slavery they\\nhad a deep abhorrence, of which we have an instance in the\\ncase of one Williams of Portsmouth, who having bought a\\nslave whom a shipmaster had kidnapped and brought away\\nfrom Africa, was ordered to give him up that he might be sent\\nback to his own country. Their piety was in numerous in-\\nstances exemplarv. For the name, word, and laws of God,\\nmany of them exhibited profound respect. Whenever they\\nsettled a new town, one of the first cares was to build a com-\\nmodious house of public worship, and settle a pious and\\nlearned minister. For a long period, there were few families\\nin most parts of New-England, in which the Bible was not", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "20 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1652.\\ndaily read, and prayer offered morning and evening. It was\\nthe testimony of one on his return to England from a long\\nresidence in this country, that in all this period he had not\\nheard a profane oath, or seen a person drunk. This testimo-\\nny, though by no means applicable to all places, was doubtless\\ntrue to a happy extent. The first Ministers of New-England\\nhad been educated at the English Universities, and they\\nbrought with them extensive and valuable libraries.\\nThat New-Hampshire had a less proportion of religious\\nmen among her early settlers than Massachusetts and Connec-\\nticut, is not to be denied. The grand object of the Puritans\\nfrom Holland who landed on the rock of Plymouth, was the\\nmaintenance of pure religion, and the preservation of their\\nchildren from the contaminating influence of bad examples.\\nTheir brethren from England, who soon after established\\nthemselves at Salem and Boston, had the same aims. Of the\\nCompany of Laconia of Mason and Gorges the main ob-\\nject was commercial, rather than religious. Thompson and\\nthe Hiltons, who began the settlement of Portsmouth and Do-\\nver, came over to fish, trade, and search for mines of precious\\nmetals. But the influence of Plymouth and Massachusetts,\\nsoon extended to the Pascataqua. That New-Hampshire\\nmust have had a considerable number of religious men, at\\nquite an early period, is plain from the fact that Christian in-\\nstitutions Avere sustained in all the towns. In 1643, the Rev.\\nDaniel Maud, a pious and worthy man, was settled at Dover\\nand in 1650, the Rev. Samuel Dudley, as successor to Mr.\\nWheelwright, at Exeter, where he exercised a long and useful\\nministry. Hampton also sustained the Christian Ministry and\\nthough Portsmouth had not a settled minister till some years\\nafterwards, there is evidence that numbers of the people were\\nnot insensible of the importance of public worship. If wis-\\ndom is to be measured by the results it produces, our Fathers\\nmust be pronounced to have been in many respects wise for\\nthey established institutions, civil, literary, and religious, which\\nhave secured to their posterity an unusual share of prosper-\\nity.\\nFor several years near the middle of the seventeenth cen-\\ntury, the transactions in New-Hampshire, present little that is\\ninteresting. The times were still and peaceable times like\\nthose of which it has been said, that though best to live in,\\nthey are the worst to write of, as affording to the historian\\nthe least variety. In 1652, Dover had so increased in popula-\\ntion, as to be allowed to send two representatives to the Mas-\\nsachusetts Assembly, each of the other towns sending but one.", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "1658.] period ii.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1641\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1679. 21\\nFor a series of years one of the two was Major Richard Wal-\\ndron, now become the most conspicuous character in the\\nProvince, who was occasionally elected Speaker of the Mas-\\nsachusetts Assembly. Portsmouth contained at this time less\\nthan sixty families, and exchanged the old appellation of Straw-\\nberry Bank for its present name.\\nNot without uneasiness did the heirs of Mason in England\\nnotice the assumption of jurisdiction by Massachusetts over\\nthe settlement on the Pascataqua but the civil wars then ra-\\nging in the mother country precluded all hope of immediate\\nredress. They however, sent over an agent to observe the\\nstate of affairs. His arrival induced Massachusetts to order a\\nsurvey of what they then claimed as their northern boundary.\\nOn this business, two Commissioners, attended by surveyors\\nand Indian guides, went up the Merrimac in 1653, to the con-\\nfluence of its two main branches. Some gentlemen of the\\nvicinity have recently discovered on a rock in the Winnepise-\\nogee, an ancient inscription, unquestionably made at that time,\\ncontaining the initials of the names of the Commissioners, and\\nthe name of John Endecott, at that time Governor of Massa-\\nchusetts. To the rock itself has been given the appropriate\\nappellation of The Endecott Rock. 1\\nAt Portsmouth there was some agitation in 1658 about\\nwitchcraft. Several individuals were accused of the crime\\nstories were circulated of witches appearing in the shape of\\ncats, and scorching persons by sudden flashes of fire; and one\\nof the accused was bound over for trial. The intended prose-\\ncution was however dropped, and the delusion was of far less\\nextent and duration than a similar one which afterwards ori-\\nginated in Salem. One of the accused brought an action of\\nslander against an accuser and obtained a judgment of dama-\\nges and costs of court. The occurrence is interesting as a\\nspecimen of the superstition unhappily prevalent at that day.\\nIt were to be wished that truth did not require us to lift the\\nveil from another trait of the age worse than even superstition\\nthe disposition to religious intolerance. Massachusetts began at\\nthis time a series of enactments against the Quakers. The\\nfirst forbade their coming to that Colony on pain of imprison-\\nment, whipping, and transportation, and imposed a fine on the\\nmaster of the vessel bringing them. The second subjected\\nthem, in case of a repetition of the offence, to the loss of their\\nears and in case of several repetitions, to have their tongue9\\nbored through with a hot iron. This dreadful measure pro-\\nving inadequate to keep them away, a third law doomed them\\nto death in case of a return after transportation. Under these", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "22 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1658.\\ninhuman enactments a few unhappy objects suffered death in\\nin Massachusetts but none in NeAV-Hampshire. Three Qua-\\nker women having- come to the Pascataqua,were conducted from\\ntown to town by the respective Constables under a warrant\\nfrom Major Waldron, till they arrived at Boston, to be thence\\ntransported out of the country. This extreme rigor brought\\nupon Massachusetts the reprehensions of the dissenting minis-\\nters in London, and the censures of the English government\\ntill these cruel acts were softened, and finally repealed. Some\\nof the Quakers suffered with the calm spirit of martyrs and\\nthough it be true that others displayed extreme imprudence\\nand presumptuously rushed upon death, still these laws stand\\non the historic page as a dark stain on the characters of\\nmen, whose conduct in many other respects merits high en-\\ncomiums.\\nAn unusual occurrence marked the spring of 1658 a sud-\\nden prevalence of cold, when the apple trees were in full blos-\\nsom, so insupportable that in a Hampton fishing boat then\\nhappening at sea, one man died ot the cold before the boat\\ncould make the land, another was so chilled that he died soon\\nafter, and a third lost his feet. This must have been in the\\nlatter part of May. There have been frequent instances of the\\nconcurrence of snow on the ground and blossoms on the trees,\\nbut no occurrence since of so intense a cold so late in the sea-\\nson.\\nThe restoration of the royal government in England placed\\nthe supreme authority in the hands of men far less favorably\\ndisposed towards New-England than the Administration under\\nthe protectorate of Cromwell. Charles II., dissolute and un-\\nprincipled, disliked extremely the strict religious principles of\\nmost of the people here. He resented as an invasion of his\\nprerogative their establishment of a mint at Boston, where\\nwere coined three-pences, six-pences and shillings. Com-\\nplaining of this one day to Sir Thomas Temple who had\\nbeen in America, Sir Thomas took from his pocket a New-\\nEngland shilling, and shewed the King the figure of the pine\\ntree stamped upon it, who asked, What tree that was The\\nroyal oak, was the reply in allusion to the oak in which the\\nKing when once in imminent peril, had found concealment\\nand safety. Pleased with the fancied allusion, he smiled and\\nsaid, They are a parcel of honest dogs. This however was\\nbut a gleam of good humor, and could not dispel from his\\nmind the dark clouds of distrust. He was jealous of the spirit\\nof liberty prevalent among the New-Englanders, and wished\\nto see them reduced to a complete dependence on the crown.", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "1(365.] period ii.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1641\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1679. 23\\nOn the part of the Indians a friendly temper still continued\\nto be manifested. An English gentleman intimately acquainted\\nwith them was invited to a great dance and feast, at which\\nPassaconaway, now become very old, made his farewell ad-\\ndress. Having told them that he had tried, but in vain, all the\\narts of sorcery to prevent the white people from gaining foot-\\nhold in this country, he earnestly advised his own people to\\navoid quarrelling with them and to preserve a good under-\\nstanding; assuring them that a war would prove disastrous\\nto themselves. That the address of the dying Chief had a pow-\\nerful influence is plain from the neutrality observed by the\\nPenacooks in a subsequent war, which arrayed against the\\nEnglish almost all the other tribes of New-England.\\nThe well known disposition of the King encouraged Rob-\\nert Mason, the grandson and heir of the original grantee of\\nNew-Hampshire,to make an effort in 1660 to establish his claim\\nto the territory on which his ancestor had bestowed so much\\nexpense. As stated in a preceding page, he had some years\\nbefore this date sent over an agent, who found that Massachu-\\nsetts had given a construction to her Charter which made it\\ncover the most of Mason s claim, as well as a large section of\\nMaine and that nothing could be done to the purpose without\\nthe interposition of the King. Mason presented a petition\\ncomplaining of Massachusetts for exercising jurisdiction over\\nlands that had been granted to his ancestor and the attorney\\ngeneral, to whom it was referred, reported in favor of the jus-\\ntice of his claim. Nothing further was immediately done in\\nhis behalf; but his petition, together with other complaints of\\nthe proceedings of the New-England Colonies, particularly\\nMassachusetts, finally induced the King in 1664 to appoint\\nCol. Nichols, Sir Robert Carr, George Carteret and Samuel\\nMaverick, Esquires, his Commissioners to visit the Colonies,\\nwith power to examine and determine complaints and appeals\\nof every kind. To this Commission the Colonists were strong-\\nly opposed, deeming it an infringment of their Charter privi-\\nleges. With the exception of Col. Nichols, the Commmission-\\ncrs executed their office in a very offensive manner, reversing\\ndecisions of the courts, giving protection to criminals, and ad-\\nmitting persons to the privileges of freemen and of church\\nmembership, contrary to the usages of the country.\\nIn June of the next year, these unwelcome visitants came to\\nPortsmouth, where they called a public meeting and released\\nthe people from the jurisdiction of Massachusetts. They ap-\\npointed Magistrates of their own selection, and excited a small\\nparty disaffected to the existing order of things, to frame a", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "24 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1669.\\npetition to the King in the name of the several towns to be\\nerected into a distinct Province. So overbearing was their de-\\nportment that Sir Robert Carr threatened an old man with\\ndeath merely for his forbidding a child to open a door to them.\\nThey soon left this State for Maine no sooner were they gone\\nthan the people, firmly attached to the government of Massa-\\nchusetts, refused to recognize the newly appointed Magistrates\\nand avowed their determination to remain obedient to the Ma-\\ngistrates and laws of that Colony. The towns of Portsmouth\\nand Dover formally disavowed the petition for a separation which\\nhad been got up in their name. On the return of the Commis-\\nsioners to England, they presented to the King a report of their\\ndoings, filled with bitter reproaches of the Colony of Massachu-\\nsetts. Amid many evils one benefit resulted from their visit\\nthe erection of a Fort mounted with cannon for the defence of\\nthe harbor of Pascataqua, on Great Island, now New-Castle.\\nThis was done by the express order of the King.\\nAn incident occurred in 1668 strikingly indicative of good\\nsense on the part of the Indians, and not unworthy of a brief\\nmemorial. Two English traders having established a trucking\\nhouse among the Penacooks, some of the Chiefs took a journey\\nto Pascataqua to request that no spirituous liquors might be sold.\\nTheir motion was disregarded and not long after, a white man\\nwas killed by an Indian in a drunken carousal within the pres-\\nent limits of Concord. The Chiefs then renewed their entrea-\\nties to the traders to furnish no more rum, and even complained\\nto the General Court, urging the plea that the Mohawks might\\ncome upon them when drunk and destroy them. Who can sup-\\npress the wish that this early Temperance movement had been\\nattended with better success The only apology to be offered\\nfor the traders is, that the public mind was then unenlightened\\non the subject, and that the traffic in ardent spirits was not then\\nviewed as it now is by thousands, in the light of an immorality.\\nThe next year is the era of a memorable expedition underta-\\nken by the New-England Indians against their old enemies the\\nMohawks, in New- York. Chickatawbut, one of the chief Sa-\\nchems of the Massachusetts tribe, was the leader of the enter-\\nprise and collected a force of 600 men. From the enmity known\\nto have long subsisted between the Mohawks and the New-Hamp-\\nshire Indians, it is almost certain that some of the latter were\\nengaged. Their English neighbors dissuaded them from the\\nattempt as too distant and perilous; but they would not be ad-\\nvised. Having arrived in the country of their enemies, they\\nlaid siege to one of their forts. Being distressed by sickness\\nand want of provisions they at length concluded to return home\\nthe Mohawks pursued them on their retreat, and having formed", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "1673.] period ii.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1641\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1679. 25\\nan ambush at a defile between two swamps, attacked them at\\ngreat advantage and killed fifty of their chief warriors. Never\\nagain did the New-England Indians venture to attack this\\npowerful tribe.\\nThat the early inhabitants of New-Hampshire,though few and\\ncomparatively poor, were not insensible of the importance of\\nEducation, is plain from the liberal contributions made by the\\ntowns, particularly by Portsmouth, then become the richest of\\nthe four, toward the erection of a new College edifice at Cam-\\nbridge. Soon afterwards a Congregational church was formed\\nin Portsmouth, in 1671, and the Rev. Mr. Moodey, who had for\\nyears preached in the place, was ordained as its Pastor, being\\nthe eighth settled Congregational minister in the State. Gov.\\nLeverett and several other magistrates came from Massachu-\\nsetts to attend the ordination. Mr. Moodey was a man of con-\\nsiderable distinction, and afterwards acted a conspicuous part\\nin resisting the encroachments of arbitrary power. The first\\nsettlers were now passing fast off the stage Edward Hilton\\nthe founder of Dover, died this year at Exeter, having lived in\\nthe Colony almost half a century.\\nAbout the year 1673 a settlement, the earliest in the County\\nof Hillsborough, was begun at Dunstable which soon included\\nthirty families. The grant was quite large, embracing either\\nthe whole or parts of several adjacent towns. For half a cen-\\ntury afterwards the rest of the County remained a wilderness.\\nIn the course of a few years a church was gathered in thb\\ntown, of which the Rev. Thomas Weld was Pastor.\\nWe are now approaching the interesting period of the first\\ngeneral Indian war. With the exception of the short Pequot\\nwar in Connecticut, the Colonists had lived Avith the Indians\\nhalf a century in profound peace. In the minds of the latter,\\nsuspicions and jealousies began to operate they saw the En-\\nglish settlements extending on every side their own hunting\\ngrounds were narrowed and they began to be apprehensive\\nthey might be eventually dispossessed. Philip, Sachem of the\\nWampanoags, who resided at Mount Hope in Rhode-Island,\\nan ambitious, shrewd, and bold man, was the most active insti-\\ngator of the impending war. Though Belknap supposes he\\nwas hurried into it rather by the rash ardor of his young war-\\nriors than by his own inclinations, yet the preponderance of\\nhistorical evidence is certainly on the side of the latter opinion.\\nPossessing great influence not only in his own tribe but among\\nall the Indians in New-England, he resolved to free his coun-\\ntry from those whom he deemed intruders. He sent his run-\\nners in all directions, and had the address to engage in the\\nC", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "26 HISTORY OF :new-hampshire. [1675.\\nenterprise most of the tribes in the region. The Penacooks\\non the Merrixnac were the only tribe who resisted his solicita-\\ntions their Sachem Wonolanset not having forgotten the\\ncharge of his father Passaconaway, now dead, to cultivate the\\nfriendship of the white men. The Ossipees in Strafford Coun-\\nty and the Pequawketts on the Saco river, both included in the\\nuaine of Northern Indians, ardently engaged in the hostile\\nconfederacy. Of the Eastern Indians, as those of Maine were\\ncalled, almost the whole body came into the plan with readi-\\nness and as truth compels us too add, not without serious\\nprovocation. As not long before, the wife of Squando a noted\\nPequawkett Sachem was passing on Saco river with her infant\\nchild in her frail bark canoe, some rude sailors who had heard\\nthat Indian children could swim as naturally as the young of\\nbrutes, met her and wantonly overset her canoe. The child\\nsunk the mother instantly dived and recovered it but the\\nchild dying soon after, not only Squando, but the Indians in\\ngeneral ascribed its death to this brutal treatment. Their dis-\\ncontents were inflamed by other provocations received from the\\nEastern settlers, some of whom it must be acknowledged, were\\nunprincipled men. Philip engaged as his allies most of the\\ntribes in Massachusetts and Rhode-Island. An artful plan to\\nenlist the Mohawks in the war proved not only abortive, but\\npernicious to himself. He had murdered, it has been said,\\nsome of this tribe and left their bodies unburied in the woods,\\nimagining their brethren would ascribe the deed to the En-\\nglish, and be provoked to join the confederacy against them:\\nbut one of the number who had been left for dead, unexpec-\\ntedly recovered and disclosed to his countrymen the perfidy of\\nPhilip a circumstance which made them his implacable ene-\\nmies.\\nFor some time had the Colonists been apprehensive of hos-\\ntile designs on the part of the Indians. Their suspicions were\\nconfirmed by the following occurrence Sausaman, a christian\\nIndian, whom Philip suspected of giving intelligence of his\\nplots to the English, was murdered at his instigation and his\\nbody thrown into a pond. This act was considered as equiva-\\nlent to a declaration of war.\\nIn June, 1675, open hostilities were commenced. Philip\\nattacked Swanzey, Mass. and in a few hours killed several of\\nthe inhabitants. The flame of war spread with rapidity.\\nForming themselves into small bands, the eastern and northern\\nIndians robbed and killed many of the scattered inhabitants of\\nMaine, and in September extended their incursions into New-\\nHampshire. Houses were burnt and persons slain in Somers-", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "1675.] period n.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1641\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1679. 27\\nworth, Durham, and on the road between Exeter and Hampton.\\nA party of savages attacked a house in Berwick, a town in\\nMaine on the border of New-Hampshire, in which were fifteen\\nwomen and children. A girl of eighteen discovering their\\napproach, shut the door and stood -against it till the Indians cut\\nit in pieces with their hatchets, and on entering knocked her\\ndown and left her for dead. While this was doing, the rest of\\nthe women and children fled and all arrived safely at another\\nfortified house, excepting two children who being unable to\\nget over a fence, were overtaken and slain. The adventurous\\ngirl who thus saved the lives of thirteen persons, recovered of\\nher wounds: but we must regret that her name has not been\\npreserved.\\nParties of men occasionally scoured the woods in quest of\\nthe enemy, but with no great success. In common with the\\nrest of New-England, the towns of New-Hampshire were filled\\nwith alarm business was at a stand the people, deserting tlicit\\nown habitations, collected themselves together in the larger\\nhouses which they fortified as they could. They could neither\\ngo into the fields, nor even step out of doors but at the peril of\\nlife. The seventh of October was observed as a day of fasting\\nand prayer.\\nA few men having been killed at Berwick, the alarmed in-\\nhabitants sent an express to Maj. Waldron at Dover imploring\\nsuccor. None however could be granted, as an attack was\\nhourly expected there. Resolving to attempt the recovery of\\nthe bodies of the slain, Lieut. Pkisted, the principal military\\nofficer of Berwick, ventured out for that purpose with a party\\nof twenty men; but was himself slain together with two of\\nhis sons. These successes emboldened live savages to shew\\nthemselves on the east side of the river opposite to Portsmouth,\\nin the attitude of menacing that town. They were however\\ndispersed by the firing of some cannon and alight snow ren-\\ndering it easy to follow their track, they were pursued, over-\\ntaken, and compelled to flee precipitately, leaving behind them\\ntheir packs and plunder.\\nIn this crisis winter set in with uncommon severity and cov-\\nered the earth with a snow four feet deep. This circumstance,\\nwhile it prevented a meditated expedition against the winter\\nquarters of the Indians around Winnepiseogec and Ossipee\\nlakes, produced a consequence still more important, the incli-\\nnation of their minds to peace. Pinched with famine they\\ncame to Major Waldron with professions of sorrow for the\\npast and promises of amity for the future, and a peace was ea-\\nsily concluded with the northern and eastern Indians, which", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "28 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1675.\\nrestored the captives and gave New-Hampshire a breathing\\ntime of several months. On the part of the savages the war\\nhad been conducted with not a few circumstances of barbarity,\\nof which the following may serve as a specimen in one of\\ntheir incursions they killed an old man at Durham, cut off his\\nhead, and set it on a pole in derision.\\nIn the mean time Philip at the head of the southern tribes\\ncontinued the war in Massachusetts, and burnt, plundered, and\\nslew with a high hand. That Colony suffered severely and\\nwas now struggling for existence. It falls not within our plan\\nto relate in detail the attack on Brookfield, where a providen-\\ntial shower of rain extinguished the flames of a garrisoned\\nhouse which had been set on fire by the savages, and saved se-\\nventy persons from an awfnl death the conflagration of Deer-\\nfield, Mendon, Groton, Rehoboth, Providence, and Warwick\\nthe desolation of Lancaster, whence Mrs. Rowlandson, a lady\\nwho had been tenderly and delicately educated, was led cap-\\ntive into the wilderness the defeat of Capt. Beers, accompa-\\nnied with the fall of himself and twenty of his men, at North-\\nfield the surprise of Capt. Lothrop and his company while\\ngathering grapes at Muddy Brook in Deerfield by some hund-\\nreds of Indians, who slew him and more than seventy young\\nmen, the flower of the county of Essex the disastrous defeat of\\nCaptains Wadsworth and Brocklebank at Sudbury, who after\\nfighting with great gallantly and killing 120 of the enemy,\\nthemselves fell with fifty of their men. These bloody rever-\\nses overspread the country with gloom it indeed seemed that\\nunless a speedy check were given to the career of Philip, the\\nwhole region from the Pascataquato Long Island Sound would\\nbe overswept and left desolate.\\nThreatened with utter extermination, the Colonists resolved\\non a desperate effort at self-preservation, and projected a plan,\\nat once bold and perilous, which was happily crowned with\\nsuccess. Philip, after his career of victory, had fortified a\\ncamp in a great swamp in Rhode-Island, to which he repaired\\nwith a multitude of warriors, old men, women and children,\\nfor whiter quarters. A large force from Massachusetts, Ply-\\nmouth, r and Connecticut attacked this fort in December, forced\\nan entrance after a desperate conflict, kindled a fire which soon\\nwrapped in flames 600 weekwams, and killed or burnt one thou-\\nsand Indians. The terror-struck survivors fled into the woods,\\nwhere, deprived of shelter and unfurnished with provisions\\nthey suffered great extremities.\\nFrom this dreadful blow the southern Indians never recov-\\nered, and the events of the war in the next campaign, 1676,", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "1676.] period ii.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1623\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1641. 29\\nwere decidedly adverse to them. English scouting parties trav-\\nersed the woods in all directions, killing and captivating large\\nnumbers. A considerable body of the enemy on the west\\nbank of Connecticut river, near Miller s Falls, were attacked by\\nsurprise many were killed outright others ran into the river\\nand were drowned others took to their canoes, but forgetting\\nin their panic to seize the paddles, were borne down the falls\\nand lost. In August, Capt. Church surprised Philip himself,\\nthe soul of the war, who being shot by an Indian friendly to\\nthe English, fell dead on his face in the mud and water.\\nThus perished this terrific and celebrated savage, whose name,\\nhad he succeeded in his favorite enterprise, had gone down\\nwith applause to future generations of Indians as the Deliverer\\nof their country. Broken and dispirited, the southern tribes\\nafter his fall ceased from hostilities, and Massachusetts rested\\nfrom war.\\nThe joy occasioned by peace in southern New-England,\\nwas quickly damped by the renewal of hostilities on the part\\nof the Eastern Indians against Maine and New Hampshire,\\nThey were excited to this step by some refugees from the wes-\\ntern tribes, who, after the death of Philip, fled to the East\\nrather than submit to the English. A bloody outrage having\\nbeen committed by them at Portland, all the inhabitants to the\\neast of that place abandoned their plantations. Freed from\\nthe terror of Philip, Massachusetts was now able to extend a\\nhelping hand to the Eastern settlements, and two companies\\nof soldiers marched for this purpose from Boston. On their\\narrival at Dover in September, they found a large body of\\nPenacooks, and other New-Hampshire Indians at Maj. Wal-\\ndron s, with whom they had confirmed a peace. Among them,\\nwere many refugees from the Massachusetts tribes who were\\nknown to have been engaged in the war, as the confederates\\nof the late Philip. By the stratagem of a pretended sham-\\nfight, to which the Indians agreed for diversion, the whole\\nbody was surrounded and while the Penacooks were peace-\\nably dismissed, the southern Indians intermingled with them,\\nto the number of two hundred-, were seized, a few executed,\\nand the rest sold into slavery, some of whom were carried to\\nTangiers in Africa. Maj. Waldron s personal inclinations\\nwere averse to this act, but he felt himself compelled to it\\nby the orders of the government. The morality of it is\\nmore than questionable and the Penacooks, who had\\nhitherto been peaceable, deeply resented it, as a breach of faith\\non the part of the Major. Some years afterwards they inflict-", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "30 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1677.\\ned on him ample revenge, in accordance with their well known\\ncharacter of not forgetting an injury.\\nAfter this seizure of the southern Indians at Dover, the two\\nMassachusetts companies, reinforced by some of Waldron s\\nmen, went Eastward but on their approach the enemy fled\\ninto the woods, and they found the region deserted and deso-\\nlate. On their return from this fruitless march, they under-\\ntook a winter expedition over frozen mountains and deep\\nsnows, to Ossipee Lake, on whose western shore the Indians\\nhad constructed a strong fort; but found this region also deser-\\nted by the enemy. A third expedition into the country of the\\nhostile Indians was undertaken in the depth of winter, and led\\nby Waldron himself; but after a few unimportant skirmishes,\\nand the erection of a fort on the Kennebec, the troops return-\\ned with little success.\\nWith the existence of an inveterate enmity between the\\nMohawks of New York and the New-England tribes, the rea-\\nder has been made acquainted in a preceding page. The\\nPenacooks had a great dread of these formidable enemies,\\nwith whom, according to an old tradition, their fathers had\\nonce fought a great battle in the vicinity of Concord, where\\nthey had a fortified position to which they might retire in case\\nof attack. Imagining that an incursion of Mohawks might\\nterrify the hostile Indians into submission, the Government of\\nMassachusetts sent agents into their country, who found it easy\\nto persuade them to take up arms against their eastern enemies.\\nA party of them came from the west, in March, 1677, and\\nmade their appearance at Amoskeag. The son of Wonolan-\\nset, who was hunting on the east side of the river, no sooner\\ndiscovered them than he found by their language that they\\nwere Mohawks. Instantly he fled, and escaped uninjured\\namid a shower of bullets. They next appeared in the neigh-\\nborhood of Dover, and killed several of a scouting party of\\nfriendly Indians whom Waldron had sent out to watch their\\nmotions. One of the victims was Blind Will, who being drag-\\nged away by the hair of his head and wounded, was left to\\nperish on a neck of land in Dover, which has ever since borne\\nhis name.\\nThis incursion of the Mohawks not only failed of its object,\\nbut infused into the minds of the Penacooks, already soured\\nby the seizure of their associates, a suspicion that the English\\nwere plotting their destruction. The people passed the ensu-\\ning summer in ceaseless anxiety, and a few individuals were\\nkilled by parties of the enemy continually hovering in the pre-\\ncincts of the settlements.", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "1678.] period ii.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1641\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1679. 31\\nEarly in 1678, the hostile tribes discovered an inclination\\nfor peace. Messrs. Champernoon and Fryer, of Portsmouth,\\nand Maj. Shapleigh of Maine, met their chiefs at Casco, now\\nPortland, and negotiated a treaty. The captives were restor-\\ned, and a war which had raged in some one or other of the\\nColonies for three years, destroyed a multitude of their young\\nmen, and threatened their very existence, was happily termin-\\nated. Portsmouth suffered less than the other towns, its pe-\\nninsular situation contributing much to its protection.\\nIt is worthy of remark that while this war was raging in\\nmost parts of the country, the numerous Indians of Martha s\\nVineyard, who had been christianized by the benevolent la-\\nbors of Mayhew, abstained from all participation in hostilities,\\nand exhibited towards the English the most friendly disposi-\\ntion. A striking instance of the influence and value of Chris-\\ntian instruction.\\nA circumstance related by Belknap and others, deserves no-\\ntice, as illustrative of the spirit of the age. In the course of\\nthe war many people imagined they heard drums and guns in\\nthe air numerous reports were spread of the appearance of\\nflaming swords and spears in the sky and eclipses were not\\nseen without serious apprehension. The occurrence of some\\nbattles was affirmed to be known on the very day, in places so\\ndistant as to render a conveyance of the news by human effort\\nimpossible, and to infer some mysterious and supernatural\\ncommunication. Instead of ridiculing these weaknesses of\\nthat age, it becomes us rather to be thankful that superior light,\\nhas freed the present age from such groundless apprehensions,\\nand given us juster views of the providential government of\\nGod.\\nWhile the people of New-Hampshire were defending their\\npossessions at the price of blood, the heir of Mason in Eng-\\nland made a second attempt to recover possession of the Prov-\\nince. A petition presented by him to the king, complaining\\nof his wrongs, procured a royal order to Massachusetts to\\nshew cause why she exercised jurisdiction over New-Hamp-\\nshire. This order was brought to Boston by Edward Ran-\\ndolph, a kinsman of Mason, in that day looked upon as the\\nEvil Genius of New-England an artful, ambitious man, deep-\\nly interested to establish the claim of his relative, and viru-\\nlently opposed to the government and religious establishments\\nof Massachusetts. He soon came into this province, publish-\\ning a letter from Mason to the inhabitants, in which he claimed\\nthe soil of New-Hampshire as his own property. The people\\nwere seriously alarmed, and called public meetings in which", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "32 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1679.\\nthey protested against the claim, and agreed to petition the\\nking for protection. To pay quit-rents for lands they had\\nfairly bought of the Indians, cultivated for half a century, and\\ndefended at the risk of their lives was a submission they\\ndeemed unreasonable. Had Mason confined his claim to the\\nunsettled part of his patent, quieting the inhabitants of the\\nfour towns in their possessions, they would have made no op-\\nposition. Randolph, on his return to England, misrepresented\\nthen sentiments, reporting to the King that the country was\\nopposed to what he called the usurpation of Massachusetts,\\nand wished for a separation at the same time employing all\\nthe means in his power, to inflame the prejudices of the King s\\nministers against that colony.\\nTwo agents from Massachusetts repaired to England to de-\\nfend against the claim of Mason and the accusations of Ran-\\ndolph. After a hearing of the parties before the king s judges,\\nit was decided that the construction put by Massachusetts on\\nher Charter, which would make it cover all the south-eastern\\nsection of New-Hampshire, was inadmissible and that the\\nfour towns of Portsmouth, Dover, Exeter and Hampton, were\\nout of her jurisdiction. It was also decided that Mason had\\nno right of jurisdiction over New-Hampshire of the justice\\nof his claim to the right of soil, the judges gave no opinion, as\\nthe occupants, a party deeply concerned, were not before them.\\nThis decision paved the way for the separation from Mas-\\nsachusetts, and the erection of New-Hampshire into a distinct\\nProvince. Several considerations influenced the king to de-\\ntermine on this step his displeasure against Massachusetts\\nhis willingness to favor the claim of Mason and the necessi-\\nty of erecting a jurisdiction by which the conflicting claims\\nto the right of soil might be decided, it being admitted that no\\nCourt in England had cognizance of the case. He first re-\\nquired Mason to renounce all claim of rents for time past, and\\nto bind himself to give to all occupants of land, provided he\\nshould establish his claim to the soil, a title forever on condition\\nof the annual payment of one fortieth part of the yearly value\\nof their possessions. Next, he issued a Royal Commission in\\n1679, restraining the j urisdiction of Massachusetts and erect-\\ning New-Hampshire into a Royal Province. The government\\nwas committed to two distinct branches, a President and Coun-\\ncil to be appointed by the Crown, and an Assembly of Rep-\\nresentatives to be chosen by the people. John Cutts, an\\neminent and popular merchant of Portsmouth was appointed\\nPresident of the Province, and Richard Martin, William\\nVaughan, and Thomas Daniel of Portsmouth, Richard Wal~", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "1679.] period ii.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1641\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1679. 33\\ndron of Dover, John Gilman of Exeter, and Christopher\\nHussey of Hampton, Counsellors. Thus was dissolved by an\\nact of arbitrary power the union of Massachusetts and New-\\nHampshire, after it had subsisted thirty-eight years to mutual\\nsatisfaction.\\nThe Governors who presided over Massachusetts, and of\\ncourse over New-Hampshire during the union, were Richard\\nBellingham, John Winthrop, John Endecott, Thomas Dudley,\\nJohn Leverett, and Simon Bradstreet. A particular account\\nof these Fathers of New-England belongs to the history of the\\nformer Province rather than that of the latter. Gov. Winthrop\\ndied in 1649, leaving a character eminent for candor, disinter-\\nedness, and piety. Though he came to this country rich, such\\nwere his liberality and public spirit that he died comparatively\\npoor. Gov. Bradstreet, who was elevated to the chair in 1679,\\noutlived almost all the original settlers of New-England, his\\nexact temperance being the means of prolonging his life till\\n1697, when he died at the age of 94. Without pretensions to\\nsplendid or showy talents, his integrity, prudence, and christian\\ndeportment procured him the esteem and veneration of all\\nclasses of men,", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "PERIOD III\\nfrom the erection of new-hampshire into a distinct\\nprovince in 1679, to the close of king william s war\\nin 1698.\\nEdward Randolph, a messenger whose arrival was thought\\nto bode no good, brought the commission for the new govern-\\nment to Portsmouth on the 1st of Jan. 1680. It was received\\nwith regret not only by the people, but even by the gentlemen\\nappointed to office, who were sincerely attached to the union\\nwith Massachusetts and reluctant to a separation. The only\\nconsideration that induced them to accept their offices, was the\\napprehension that their refusal would be followed by the ap-\\npointment of others unfriendly to the interests of the people.\\nSubmitting to the necessity of the change, they published their\\ncommission, took their oaths of office, and appointed a Fast to\\nimplore the blessing of Heaven on the rulers, and the con-\\ntinuance of their pretious and pleasant things.\\nThe King s Commission was the basis of the new govern-\\nment and the only substitute for a definite Constitution. As\\nit authorized the six Counsellors named in it to add three others\\nto their number, they elected Elias Stileman, Samuel Dalton,\\nand Job Clements. Agreeably to a clause which empowered\\nthe President to nominate a Deputy to preside in case of his\\nabsence or death, he appointed Major Waldron to this office.\\nA change which denied to the people and gave to the King\\nthe appointment of President, Counsellors, and other principal\\ngovernmental officers, couldnot but be disrelished nor was this\\nthe only objection it was viewed as the entering wedge of an\\ninvasion of their property.\\nIn March the first Legislature of New-Hampshire, consisting\\nof a President and Council of nine, and an Assembly of Rep-\\nresentatives of eleven members, met in Portsmouth* and the\\nsession was opened with prayer and an Election sermon by\\nthe Rev. Mr. Moodey. Their first measure was to prepare an\\naffectionate address to Massachusetts, expressive of their grat-\\nitude and attachment to that Province and their regret at the", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "1680.] period in.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1G79\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1698. 35\\nseparation. They held four sessions in the course of the year,\\nin which they framed a code of laws and established [nferior\\nCourts of Judicature. The President and Council, either with\\nor without a Jury at the option of the parties, constituted the\\nhighest Judicial tribunal, with an allowance however in cer-\\ntain cases of an appeal to the King. The Militia was organized\\ninto six companies, of which Major Waldron was Commander\\nin Chief. Of persons admitted to the privilege of voting, Ports-\\nmouth had at this period seventy-one, Dover sixty-one, Hamp-\\nton fifty-seven, and Exeter twenty.\\nRobert Mason, the claimant of the Province, came over from\\nEngland at the close of the year with a writ from the King\\ncommanding the President and Council to admit him to a seat\\nin their body. Aware of his designs to compel them to submit\\nto his claim as Lord Proprietor, the people prepared to resist\\nthem and guarded their rights with unceasing vigilance. He\\ndemanded rents of several persons urged the people to take\\nleases from him and on their refusal forbade them to cut fire-\\nwood and timber. Irritated by their opposition he openly\\nthreatened to sell their houses and lands for rents a menace\\nwhich produced an application to the President and Coun-\\ncil for protection. As their feelings harmonized with those of\\nthe people, they willingly interposed and forbade Mason to\\nproceed. On this interference he was so exasperated as\\nto publish a summons to the President and some of the Coun-\\ncil to appear before the King within three months, to make\\nanswer to charges he intended to bring against them. Resent-\\ning this contempt of their authority, they issued a warrant for\\nhis apprehension but he evaded it and returned to England.\\nRandolph had obtained from England the appointment of\\nSurveyor and Collector of the Customs for the whole of New-\\nEngland, and made Walter Barefoot, a rash and reckless man,\\nhis deputy at Portsmouth. The President and Council, pro-\\nceeding on the ground that the royal authority could be exer-\\ncised here only through the medium of their Commission, re-\\nfused to recognize Barefoot s authority, and fined him for an\\nattempt to execute an office not derived from the constituted\\nauthorities of the Province.\\nThe population of New-Hampshire at this period did not\\nexceed 4000. Many of the people had been impoverished by\\nthe Indian war, having had their buildings burned, their cattle\\nkilled, and their business interrupted. The soil was not suffi-\\nciently cultivated to furnish a full supply of provisions. Mon-\\ney was scarce and taxes were usually paid in lumber or pro-\\nduce. Whatever of foreign commerce there was, centered at", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "36 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1682.\\nPortsmouth and consisted in the exportation offish and lum-\\nber, and the importation of such commodities from abroad as\\nthe exports were able to command.\\nPresident Cutts administered the government but little more\\nthan a year, being removed by death in April, 1681. He was\\none of the founders of the church in Portsmouth and highly\\nestimable for integrity and benevolence. As he lived beloved,\\nhe died generally lamented. His body was buried in a se-\\nquestered spot in his orchard, which his descendants after-\\nwards inclosed as a family cemetery, and which is now sur-\\nrounded by buildings. Having in the commencement of his\\nadministration nominated Major Waldron as his Deputy, this\\nveteran magistrate succeeded him in the Chair and remained\\nat the head of the government almost two years, till he was\\nsuperseded by the arrival of Cranfield.\\nConvinced that the men then in office could never be brought\\nto favor his designs, Mason felt it necesshry to procure the ap-\\npointment of a Governor more subservient to his interests.\\nBy an offer to the King, whose profuseness made him neces-\\nsitous and greedy, of one fifth of the rents he might recover,\\nhe procured the appointment of Edward Cranfield, Esq. as\\nLieutenant Governor and Commander in Chief of the Pro-\\nvince and by mortgaging the residue of his claims as security\\nfor the payment of an adequate salary, he induced him to ac-\\ncept. Cranfield came here in October, 1682, and published\\nhis commission. A worse Governor, with the exception of\\nAndros, New-Hampshire never had. He was a man of arbi-\\ntrary principles and an overbearing deportment needy and ra-\\npacious, he made no secret that his object in this quarter was\\nthe betterment of his fortune. His principles his necessities\\nhis devotion to the Masonian claim all conspired to render\\nhim odious to the people. Mason, who returned to the Pro-\\nvince about this time, and six others of the former Council were\\nreappointed to then- offices, and Barefoot and Chamberlain\\nwere added to the number. Cranfield soon exhibited a speci-\\nmen of his disposition by suspending Waldron and Martyn, two\\nof the popular leaders, from their seats at the Council board,\\nand by removing Capt. Stileman from the command of the\\nfort, a station he had long holden with general approbation.\\nThe Assembly meeting in November, the Governor thought\\nit politic to make some show of conciliation by restoring the\\nsuspended Counsellors to their seats, on the pretence that he\\nhad examined the allegations against them and found them in-\\nsufficient. With the hope of detaching him from the Maso-\\nnian interest, the Assembly made him a grant of \u00c2\u00a3250, which", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "1683.] period in.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1G79\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1698. 37\\nhe gladly accepted but on their refusal to pass a bill to his\\nliking for the support of government, he hastily dissolved them.\\nThis rash measure enkindled the resentments of the people and\\nproduced some riotous proceedings at Exeter and Hampton,\\non account of which one of the ringleaders was arrested and\\nsent to England for trial.\\nNotwithstanding these indications of resistance the Gover-\\nnor continued to carry matters with an high hand. He called\\non the people by Proclamation to take leases from Mason with-\\nin one month, and on their refusal talked of seizing their es-\\ntates and compelling them to submit to the payment of quit\\nrents, by bringing a frigate into the harbor and quartering sol-\\ndiers in the houses. Waldron, Martyn, Gilman, and other op-\\nponents of the proprietary claim, he suspended from their seats\\nin the Council, filling the vacancies with men of his own views.\\nTo prepare the way for a favorable decision of Mason s cause,\\nhe new-modelled the Courts, making Barefoot, Judge Mason\\nhimself, Chancellor Randolph, Attorney General and Sher-\\nlock, Sheriff. A few persons were either awed or flattered to\\ntake leases of their farms from the claimant, and these served\\nfor deputy Sheriffs, Jurors, and Witnesses. In the next place\\nhe caused actions of ejectment to be brought against Wal-\\ndron and other principal land holders, who made .no defence,\\nalleging that the jurors were interested. As might have been\\nexpected from Courts so constituted, the verdicts were in favor\\nof Mason but as he could neither dispossess the occupants nor\\nfiud purchasers, the judgments hi his favor were perfectly in-\\noperative. Irritated by these acts the people sent Nathaniel\\nWeare of Hampton to England, to complain on their behalf to\\nthe King and solicit Cranfield s reeal. He privately repaired\\nto Boston, and thence to London. Major Vaughan of Forts-\\nmouth was active in promoting his mission to the King, and\\naccompanied him to Boston, for which on his return he was\\narrested by the Governor s order, and detained in prison sev-\\neral months.\\nThe government now became extremely oppressive and vex-\\natious, interfering both with the rights of conscience and the\\nlong established usages of the people. An order was issued\\ncommanding the ministers to admit all persons of suitable age,\\nnot scandalous or vicious, to the Lord s supper, and their chil-\\ndren to baptism and to administer the sacrament to those who\\nmight so prefer it, according to the liturgy of the Church of\\nEngland. The overseers of the several towns were forbid-\\nden to call town meetings on public business without leave\\nfirst obtained.\\nD", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "X HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1684,\\nHis pecuniary necessities compelled Cranfield early in 1684\\nto convene an Assembly at New-Castle, the place of his resi-\\nLence, of whom under pretext of a foreign war, he demanded\\nsupplies for the repair of the Fort, and for other purposes.\\nHaving no confidence in him, they refused compliance, and\\nhe angrily dissolved them. An order from England obliged\\nhim to call another in May, which being as unmanageable as\\nthe former, he immediately dissolved. A third was convened\\nin July for the purpose of passing acts for the suppression of\\npiracy, the American seas being then infested with bueanicrs.\\nThey passed the necessary acts but no money could the\\nGovernor obtain. Disappointed in his mercenary plans, he\\nventured on a bold usurpation of power. Having found an\\nopportunity by the suspension of some of the members and\\nthe death of others, to model the Council to his own mind, he\\nat length brought that body to concur with him in continuing\\nnixes formerly imposed, by their sole authority, without the\\nconcurrence of the Representatives. Not only was this meas-\\nure unauthorised by his Commission, but it was in dehance of\\na Provincial law which declared that no act, imposition, law,.\\nor ordinance should be made or imposed, but such as should\\nbe made by the Assembly and approved by the President and\\nCouncil. So flagrant an assumption of power over a people\\nfond of liberty and jealous of their rights, could not fail to\\nawaken a spirit of determined resistance, and the Constables\\nreturned the taxbills with information that the people would\\nnot pay them. The bills were then committed to the Provost,\\nwho seized the goods of some, and imprisoned others but at\\nExeter and Hampton he was forcibly resisted, being beaten,\\nand at the latter place deprived of his sword. A troop of horse-\\nmen being ordered out to enforce the collection, not a trooper\\nappeared and Cranfield was obliged to yield the point.\\nA singular instance of his arbitrary disposition is found in his\\npersecution of the Rev. Mr. Moodey. This gentleman, as a\\nstrenuous advocate of the popular cause, was obnoxious to the\\nGovernor. A member of his church fell under strong suspi-\\ncion of perjury he thought it his duty to institute an enquiry\\ninto the affair the Governor, whom the offender had found\\nmeans to interest in his favor, forbade the proceeding but Mr.\\nMoodey was not to be deterred from the maintenance of chris-\\ntian discipline in his church. Incensed at his proceeding,\\nCranfield sent him a written order to administer to himself,\\nMason, and one other, on the next Sabbath, the Lord s supper\\naccording to the ritual of the Church of England. Moodey\\nrefused and being prosecuted, plead in defence that he was", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "1685.] period in.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1679\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1698.\\nnot Episcopally ordained and therefore not qualified to admin-\\nister the ordinance according to the rites of the English Church:\\nthat he did not receive his maintenance as a minister of thai.\\nChurch; and that the English laws under which the demand\\nwas made, were not intended to be binding hi this country on\\npersons not of the Episcopal denomination. This plea n t\\nwithstanding, he was sentenced to be deprived of Ids benefice\\nand suffer six months close imprisonment. After amojifine?\\nment of half this period he obtained a release, but under a\\nstrict charge to preach no more in the Province. He went to\\nBoston, where; he found sympathy, and was employed to sup-\\nply a pulpit in that place. After some years he returned to\\nPortsmouth, resumed the Pastoral charge of his flock, and\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2continued with themin usefulness and peace.\\nNot long after Moodey s trial, Cranfield transmitted to Hamp-\\nton a threat of making a similar demand on the Rev. Mr. Jot-\\nton, who, to evade a prosecution, retired to Boston. The\\nGovernor and his chief adviser, Randolph, were virulently op-\\nposed to the Congregational churches, and not unfrequently\\nthrew out hints of depriving the people of the control of their\\nmeeting-houses and compelling them to contribute to the sup-\\nport of Episcopal ministers. Threats like these had no other\\neffect than to excite a determined opposition.\\nAt this period the settlements on the Connecticut river were\\nextended into Hinsdale, on the south border of the County of\\nCheshire. This town was then considered as a part of North-\\nfield in Massachusetts, and long remained under the jurisdic-\\ntion of that Province. With this single exception, the western\\npart of New-Hampshire exhibited an unbroken forest for al-\\nmost half a century afterwards.\\nMr. Weare, whom the people had sent to England as their\\nagent, presented several charges against Cranfield, whieh, after\\nan hearing before the Lords of Trade, occasioned a report cen-\\nsuring him in certain points. The King accepted the report\\nbut without any further mark of disapprobation granted a\\nprevious request of the Governor for leave of absence from\\nthe Province, on which he embarked for Jamaica in 1685.\\nNew-Hampshire had in his eye no charms when he found it\\nwould not yield him the golden harvest lie had expected to\\nreap and the people rejoiced in being rid of a man whose\\nviolent conduct had excited deep and general indignation.\\nIt is said however by Belknap, that on reflection he became\\nsensible of his misconduct, and while he was afterwards Col-\\nlector of the Customs at one of the West India Islands, made", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0080\u00a2JO HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1686.\\nit a point to treat shipmasters from the Pascataqna with marked\\nattention.\\nOn Cranneld s departure Walter Barefoot, whom he had\\nnominated as Deputy Governor, succeeded to the Chair and\\nofficiated as Chief Magistrate about a year. Not only was he\\na man of rash and violent temper, but on other accounts\\njustly odious to the people. Under his countenance and\\nprotection, Mason renewed his attempts to enforce the execu-\\ntion of the judgments he had obtained against the principal\\nland-holders but in attempting to take possession of their es\\ntates the officers were forcibly resisted, and he found himself\\ncompelled to desist. In the course of the season the Penaco^ ks\\nand Ossipees, alarmed with apprehensions of being attacked\\nby the Mohawks, gathered their corn early and deserted their\\nhabitations. Jealous that they were preparing for war, the\\ngovernment sent to demand the reasons of this movement.\\nThe Indians assigned the true reason, and disclaimed any hos-\\ntile design entering into an engagement not to remove again\\nfrom the neighborhood of the English without giving due no-\\ntice of their intention.\\nIn May, 1686, anew form of government went into operation,\\nCharles II., now dead, had long wished to place the New-\\nEngland Colonies under an administration that should render\\nthem completely subject to his control, and had procured three\\nyears prior to this date, a judicial sentence declaring the for-\\nfeiture of the original Charter of Massachusetts. Death ter-\\nminated his strides toward despotic power; but his suc-\\ncessor, the arbitrary James II. pursuing the same object, ap-\\npointed JosephDudley to be President of Massachusetts,Rhode-\\nIsland, New-Hampshire, and Maine. He retained his office\\nbut a few months, in which nothing memorable transpired,\\nand was superceded at the close of the year by the arrival at\\nBoston of Sir Edmund Anclros with a Commission from the\\nking of almost unlimited powers, constituting him Governor\\nin chief over every part of New-England. With the advice\\nof his Council, he was empowered to make laws, impose taxes,\\nand grant lands on terms to be approved by the king. New-\\nHampshire came of course under his jurisdiction,and furnished\\ntwo members of his council, Mason and John Hincks.\\nAndros began his course with fair professions, but soon be-\\ngan to disclose his selfish and tyrannical designs of enriching\\nhimself and his frends by illegal and oppressive exactions.\\nPretending that the forfeiture of the Charter of Massachusetts\\nhad annulled land titles, and that Indian deeds were no better\\nthan the scratch of a bear s paw, he compelled land-hold-", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "1G88.] period in.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1G79\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1698. 41\\nors in that Province to obtain new titles to estates they had\\nenjoyed half a century, and pay exorbitant fees for the pa-\\ntents. Taxes were imposed at his pleasure, the press Mas re-\\nstrained, and liberty of conscience infringed. Town meetings\\nwere disallowed with the exception of one in each year, and\\nwithout a permit no person might leave the country: the ob-\\nject of these restrictions being to prevent the assembling of the\\npeople for consultation on their grievances, or the departure\\nof Agents to England to cany complaints to the king. But\\nin spite of his precautions the Rev. Dr. Mather of Boston, at\\nthe desire of the oppressed inhabitants, effected a passage to\\nLondon in 1G87 and laid the complaints of the country before\\nthe throne. The times were indeed ill. From the misrule of\\nAndros New-Hampshire suffered far less than Massachusetts:\\nstill, she had been drinking the cup of oppression for several\\nyears, and had been under a government of mew rather than\\nof laws. Cranfield, Barefoot, and Andros, who, with the ex-\\nception of the short administration of Dudley, had been in\\nsuccession at the head of government eight years and Ran-\\ndolph, who was a prominent man under each of these admin-\\nistrations, were all the minions of arbitrary power.\\nEven Mason, though at first a warm friend to the Governor,\\ndid not escape the effects of his rapacity. Major William\\nVaughan of Portsmouth, one of the richest men in the Prov-\\nince, who had lost his case in an action of ejectment brought\\nagainst him by Mason in Cranfield s court, had ventured to\\nappeal to the king but without success after a hearing in\\nEngland the verdict against him was confirmed. Bringing\\nwith him this decision in his favor, Mason returned to this\\ncountry full of hope that he was on the point of succeeding in\\nestablishing his claim as Proprietor of New-Hampshire. But\\nhis views were thwarted in a manner quite unexpected. An-\\ndros and other governmental agents looked with an envious\\neye on his large share of lands, and with the hope of enrich-\\ning themselves by granting the lands to others, contrived vari-\\nous expedients to defeat his designs. In the midst of the\\ncontroversy, his death happened suddenly on a journey to Al-\\nbany, and his claims passed into the hands of John and Rob-\\nert, his sons and heirs.\\nThe calamities of the country were now aggravated by an\\nother war with the Indians, aided by the Canadian French.\\nIt commenced in 1G88, continued with one or two short inter-\\nmissions for ten years, and was distinguished by the name of\\nking William s war. Andros in the spring of the year went\\nin the Rose Frigate and plundered the house of the Baron de\\nD*", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "42 HISTORY OF -NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1689.\\nSt. Castine, a Frenchman who carried on a large trade with\\nthe Indians at Penobscot. The Baron, a gentleman of an-\\ncient family, who had left the vine-covered hills, and the green\\nvallies of France for an abode in the wilds of Maine, had ac-\\nquired great influence o^er them, having conformed to their\\ncustoms and married the daughter of Madokewando their\\nSachem and in resentment of the attack by Andros he ex-\\ncited them to attack the English. The Indians alledged griev-\\nances of their own. They complained that the cattle of the\\nEnglish devoured their corn that the fisheries of Saco river\\nwere obstructed by seines that encroachments were made on\\ntheir lands that they were cheated in trade. They began\\nreprisals in Maine, killing cattle and in a few instances, persons.\\nAndros led a body of troops into this quarter; but as the Iti-\\ndians retired into the wilderness, his attempt to subdue them\\nwas a total failure.\\nAfter the Colonies had endured the oppressions of this ra-\\npacious plunderer more than two years, a rumor reached\\nUoston of that great revolution in England, which expelled\\nthe arbitrary James II. and raised to the throne William III.,\\na prince possessed of views far more liberal. Affecting to\\ndiscredit the intelligence, the Governor imprisoned the man\\nwho brought it, on the charge of spreading a seditious rumor;\\nbut the people were animated with hope and joy. On the\\nwhisper of an intended massacre by his guards, the determin-\\nation of the Bostonians was instantly taken. Aided by\\ncrowds who flocked in from the country, they rose in arms on\\nthe 18th of April, 1689, and imprisoned Andros and some of\\nhis adherents, who were soon sent to England for trial thus\\nridding New-England of a Governor whose name stands at\\nthe head of the black list of her oppressors.\\nThe news of this important Colonial revolution was received\\nin New-Hampshire with joy, but the event left the Province\\ndestitute of a regular government. All the towns with the ex-\\nception of Hampton chose delegates to meet in Convention,\\nfor consultation on the measures proper for the crisis. At their\\nfirst session they came to no conclusion but at a subsequent\\nsession agreed to return under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts.\\nPetitions to this effect signed by more than 300 persons were\\npresented to the Legislature of that Province, who at once\\ngranted the request. Only as a temporary expedient did the\\npeople resort to this second union with Massachusetts, which\\nsubsisted no longer than through the brief space from 1690 to\\n1692 during which they were represented in her Legislature\\nand governed by her laws.", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "1689.] period ni. 1679 1698. 43\\nla resuming the narration of Indian hostilities we must\\nreturn to the year 1689. Souk; efforts were made, but made\\nin vain, to conciliate the savages by sending them presents\\nand invitations to conclude a treaty of peace. Stimulated with\\nthe thirst of taking vengeance on Major Waldron for his seizure\\nof their brethren thirteen years before an event remembered\\nby them with deep though silent resentment they concerted\\nan attack on Dover. Even the Penacooks, who had never\\nbefore shed English blood, joined with the Ossipees and Pe-\\nquavvkets intheenterprize, which was conducted by Hodgkins\\nthe Penacook sachem, grandson of Passaconaway. There\\nwere several fortified houses in Dover to which the inhabitants\\nresorted at night for safety. Approaching the place with pro-\\nfessions of peace, the Indians sent two of their squaws to\\neach house to ask lodgings for the night, with the intention of\\nopening the doors after the inmates were asleep, and giving\\nthe signal of a whistle to the savages to rush in. The strata-\\ngem succeeded; the long continued peace had lulled the\\nMajor s suspicions asleep. Some of his neighbors had indeed\\napprehended danger, but he told them to go and plant their\\npumpkins and he would tell them when the Indians would\\nbreak out. The squaws were admitted into four of the houses,\\nof which Major Waldron s was one. Mesandowit, a chief, he\\nalso admitted to lodge in his house, who while at supper asked\\nhim, What would you do, brother Waldron, if the strange\\nIndians should come? The old soldier rejoined that he\\ncould assemble an hundred men by lilting up his finger.\\nAfter the family had retired in fancied security and all was\\nstill, the gate was opened and the signal given. In rushed the\\nsavages, thirsting for blood. Major Waldron, aroused by the\\nnoise from his sleep, seized his sword, and though bowed\\ndown with the weight of eighty years, drove the assailants out\\nof his apartment through two or three doors, when one^ of\\nthem getting behind him stunned him with the blow of a\\nhatchet. Placing him in his great chair on a large table they\\nderidindy asked him, Who shall judge Indians now They\\ncut off his nose and ears and gashed his breast with knives,\\nsaving one after another, I cross out my account. At length\\nhe fainted from loss of blood, and as he was falling from his\\nseat they despatched him with a sword. Thus fell this gallant\\nman, venerable for years and public services, who had sus-\\ntained the highest civil offices and long been a pillar of the\\nProvince.\\nTwo other houses were surprised in a similar manner, in\\none of which several of the inmates were killed. The owner", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "44 ni STORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1689.\\nof the other, a Mr. Coffin, not being obnoxious to them,\\nthey spared him and his family. They found in his house a\\nbag of money which they made him throw by handfulls on\\nthe floor, and amused themselves in scrambling for it. A son of\\nMr. Coffin owned a fortified house, into which he had denied\\nadmittance to the squaws in the preceding evening. The ene\\nmy required him to surrender, which he refused. They then\\nbrought forward his father, threatening to kill him before his\\neyes on which, to save the father s life the son yielded to\\ntheir demand. The occupants of another house were alarmed\\nby the barking of a dog in season to secure the gate, just as the\\nsavages were about to rush in. While they were busy in plun-\\ndering the captured garrisons, the families of both the Coffin s\\nmade their escape.\\nTwenty T three persons fell victims in this bloody tragedy,\\nand twenty-nine were made prisoners. The enemy effected a\\nspeedy retreat, carrying their prisoners to Canada where they\\nsold them to the French the first English prisoners ever car-\\nried to that country. Being then at war with the English., the\\nFrench opened a market for the purchase of scalps and pris-\\noners, with a view to encourage the Indians to lay waste the\\nNew-England settlements.\\nAmid these barbarities, an instance of Indian gratitude de-\\nserves remembrance. At the time of the seizure at Dover in\\n1676, Elizabeth Heard concealed a young Indian in her house\\nand aided him to escape. For this act of kindness she now\\nreceived an ample requital. Coming up the river from Ports-\\nmouth in a boat with her children and some others, on the\\nvery night of the assault, she was alarmed by a strange uproar\\nand made directly for Waldron s where she hoped to find\\nsafety. In so doing she unhappily threw herself into the\\nhands of the enemy, who had at that moment possession of\\nthe house. They not only spared her life, but permitted her\\nto escape without molestation. The Indian whom she had\\nformerly befriended was one of the party he recognized his\\nbenefactress, and his influence with the others procured her\\nthis important favor.\\nA multiplicity of affecting incidents arc connected with the\\nmassacre just related. The Rev. Mr. Emerson of Berwick\\nwas in Dover, on the day preceding the attack, and was urged\\nto pass the night under the hospitable roof of Maj. Waldron.\\nA kind Providence disposed him to decline the invitation and\\nthus preserved him from death! Mather gives an account of\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00baSarah Gerrish, an interesting and beautiful little girl seven\\nyears old, a grand-daughter of Major Waldron s. Being", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "1689.] period in.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1G79\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1G98. 45\\nin his house on that fatal night, she fell into the hands of the\\nIndians and was taken to Canada. Her sufferings were ex-\\ntreme. In her protracted journey in gs, they once began their\\nmarch in the morning leaving her behind, lust asleep; on\\nawaking and finding herself alone in a hideous wilderness, she\\nwas frightened at the thought of being torn by wild beasts,\\nran after the Indians crying, and by following their track on\\nthe snow at length overtook them. At another time her master\\nterrified her by making her stand against a tree, while he was\\nloading his gun as if preparing to shoot her. Once she was\\nrudely pushed into a river by an Indian woman and narrowly\\nescaped drowning. Often were her feelings tortured by inti-\\nmations from the young Indians that she was to he burnt to\\ndeath. One evening a great lire was kindled and her master\\ntold her she was to be roasted alive on which she burst into\\ntears, and hanging upon the savage importunately begged him\\nto save her from the fire. Having arrived in Canada she was\\npurchased by a French lady, and after some time redeemed\\nand restored to her friends. Another circumstance attending\\nthis tragical affair must not be forgotten. The government of\\nMassachusetts had received some notice of the designs of the\\nIndians against Waldron, and forwarded a letter to apprise\\nhim of his danger but by some unavoidable delay of the\\nbearer at the ferry over the Merrimac, the message did not\\narrive till after the mischief had been perpetrated.\\nAroused by the severe blow struck by the enemy at Dover,\\nthe government sent expeditions to Penacook, (now Concord)\\nandWinnepiseogee, to attack them in their own quarters; but as\\nthey lied into the recesses of the wilderness the troops could\\ndo little more than destroy their corn. In August, several\\ncompanies from Massachusetts marched through this Province\\nto protect the settlements in Maine. After their departure, a\\nbody of Indians hovering in the precincts of Durham, discov-\\nered a party of eighteen men going from a garrisoned house\\nin the morning to their work in the field. They intercepted\\ntheir retreat, and with the exception of one man killed them\\nall. Afterwards they attacked the house, which was gallantly\\ndefended by a few women and two boys, who wounded several\\nof the assailants, and refused to surrender till they had received\\na promise of quarter. The savages inhumanly violated the\\npromise by killing some of the children, one of whom they\\ntransfixed with a sharp stake in the presence of the agonized\\nmother\\nNumerous repetitions of these outrages on humanity occur-\\nred in 1690. The French Governor of Canada sent out three", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "4G HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1690.\\nexpeditions against the English settlements, one of which fell\\non Berwick in Maine and killed or captivated eighty persons.\\nA body of the surrounding inhabitants pursued and skirmished\\nwith the foe, but could not recover the captives. Robert Rogers,\\none of the prisoners, a corpulent man unable to carry the load\\nlaid on him, threw it down and fled into the woods. He was\\novertaken, bound to a tree, and after a little reprieve for prayer\\nand taking leave of his friends, was tortured to death with all\\nthe torments which diabolical ingenuity could think of the\\nIndians drowning his dying groans with their dreadful yells.\\nThe destruction of Berwick animated the savages to other\\nacts of devastation. A party under the noted Chief Hoophood\\nfell on Newington, killing and captivating twenty persons.\\nAbout midsummer another band killed eight men who were\\nmowing in a field near Lamprey river, and the next day made\\nan unsuccessful attack on Hilton s garrison in Exeter. Two\\nranging companies under Captains Floyd and Wiswall fell in\\nwitii their track and followed it to Wheelright s pond in Lee,\\nwhere they came upon the enemy. The encounter was long\\nand sanguinary Wiswall and fourteen others fell. The sur-\\nvivors under Floyd retreated, leaving several men on the bloody\\nfield wounded. Next morning their friends found them alive,\\nthe Indians having hastily retreated, probably not without loss.\\nThe latter were not however disabled from prosecuting their\\ndestructive enterprises, for in the course of a few days more\\nthey killed between Lamprey river and Arnesbury, not less,\\naccording to the statement of Belknap, than forty persons.\\nAware that the French influence in Canada was the chief\\nsource of their miseries, the New-Englanders formed a plan\\nfor the conquest of that country. A force of 2000 men, com-\\nmanded by Sir William Phipps, sailed from Boston for Que-\\nbec Having been retarded by unavoidable hindrances, they\\ndid not arrive there till October winter was at hand the\\ntroops became sickly and dispirited, and it was concluded to\\nabandon the enterprize. Several ships were lost on the passage\\nhome one was stranded on the desolate island of Anticosti,\\nwhere the crew erected a few huts and lived through the win-\\nter on less than quarter allowance. More than thirty out of\\nsixty died of cold and want yet these unfortunate men main-\\ntained a tolerable order, and observed the Sabbath and other\\noccasional days of prayer. One of their number, an unfeel-\\ning villain who was repeatedly detected in breaking open their\\nstorehouse, and devouring like a glutton those scanty supplies\\non the due distribution of which their very existence depen-\\ndec^ they felt authorized by the law of self-preservation to put", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "1602.] teriod in.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1(379\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1(398. 47\\nto death. In the spring, live of the survivors ventured to sea\\nin a crazy little boat, and after innumerable escapes from floa-\\nting ice-banks, arrived at Cape Ann, having made a passage of\\n1000 miles. By their friend:- they were received as alive from\\nthe dead, and a vessel was immediately sent to Anticosti to\\nbring home the other survivors. This expedition involved the\\npeople in debt, and the failure overspread this Province in\\ncommon with the rest of New-England with a deep gloom.\\nIn this critical state of affairs a kind Providence disposed\\nthe Indians to propose a cessation of hostilities through the\\nwinter, and justice requires the acknowledgement that they ob-\\nserved the agreement with good faith. After the expiration of\\nthe truce, they resumed the tomahawk in the summer of 1691.\\nIn September a party of them came from the eastward in canoes\\nto Rye, and killed or carried into captivity twenty-one of the\\ninhabitants.\\nThe year 1692 is crowded with important events. In the\\ndepth of winter, New-Hampshire was thrown into alarm by\\nthe destruction of York in Maine, only a few miles from the\\nProvincial line, where the savages butchered fifty persons,\\nand took seventy-three prisoners. Among the slain was the\\nRev. Mr. Dummer, the minister of the place, an exemplary\\nand excellent man, who was shot as he was mounting his\\nhorse to escape, and fell dead on his faee. This disaster con-\\ntributed to the preservation of the Pascataqua settlements, by\\narousing the people to unceasing vigilance. A party from\\nDover fell in with a scouting band of Indians, and killed or\\nwounded most of them a check which kept them for a time\\nat a more respectful distance.\\nAnother important revolution in the government took place\\nthis year. Samuel Allen, merchant of London, who had pre-\\nviously purchased of Mason s heirs, their claim to the soil of\\nNew-Hampshire, obtained from the King the appointment of\\nGovernor and for his son in-law, John Usher of Boston, the\\nappointment of Lieutenant Governor of the Province. As\\nA llen did not himself visit this country for a considerable\\nperiod afterwards, Usher entered upon the government and\\nadministered it for some years. With great reluctance the\\npeople submitted to the change, and saw the dissolution of\\ntheir second, but brief union with Massachusetts, with undis-\\nsembled regret. The transfer of the Proprietary claim from\\nMason to Allen, they regarded as merely a change of names,\\nand anticipated a repetition of former vexations under a new\\nclaimant. Lieut. Governor Usher resided at Boston, but fre-\\nquently journied into this Province to meet his Council and", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1692.\\nattend the Sessions of the Legislature. He was frank, gen-\\nerous, and not regardless of the interests of the people but\\nat the same time, fond of parade and somewhat imperious in\\nhis deportment. Had there been no other distasteful circum-\\nstance, his connection with Allen, to whose interest he was of\\ncourse attached, was enough to render him unacceptable to\\nthe people, determined as they were not to hold their estates\\nunder a proprietary lease subject to an annual rent. About\\nthe same time a new form of government under the second\\nCharter, wont into operation in Massachusetts and that re-\\nmarkable child of fortune Sir William Phipps one of the\\nyounger sons of an obscure family of twenty-six children,\\nborn and brought up on the banks of the Kennebec a me-\\nchanic, uneducated, and unable to read till he was twenty-two\\nyears old who by his successful enterprise of discovering\\nand fishing up from the bottom of the sea a great treasure,\\nwhich had been long before sunk in a Spanish vessel, had\\nacquired both wealth and rank was appointed Governor of\\nthat Province.\\nOne of Usher s first efforts was to obtain possession of the\\nrecords and files of the Superior -Court, including all the pa-\\npers relative to Mason s suit. On the dissolution of the gov-\\nernment at the termination of Andros administration, they\\nhad been forcibly taken from Chamberlain the Secretary of\\nthe Province and Clerk of the Superior Court, by Captain\\nPickering of Portsmouth, who, with the view of throwing an\\nobstruction in the way of Mason s further proceedings, had\\nconcealed them. To enable Allen to proceed in the estab-\\nlishment of his Proprietary claim, it was necessary to recover\\nthese records. The Lieut. Governor ordered Pickering to\\nbe brought before him, and demanded their return. Picker-\\ning refused to give any account of them, except to the\\nAssembly or some person authorized by that body to receive\\nthem on which Usher imprisoned him. After a short deten-\\ntion he submitted, and delivered the papers to the Secretary\\nby Usher s order.\\nTo the calamities of war were now superadded several\\nothers. The small-pox, imported in bales of cotton from the\\nWest Indies, prevailed in Portsmouth and Greenland and\\nas neither the method of inoculation nor the proper treatment\\nof the disease were then known, many died. The public\\nmind, especially in Massachusetts, began at this time to be\\nstrangely agitated by the witchcraft delusion. Many persons\\nimagined themselves to be afflicted by the spectres of others\\nappearing to them, beating, pinching, pricking, and otherwise", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "1693.] period in.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1679\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1698. 49\\ntormenting them. The prisons were soon filled with the ac-\\ncused, and nineteen unhappy victims of popular delusion\\nwere executed. Divines, Judges, Lawyers, and Jurors gave\\nto the excitement the whole weight of their belief, and thus\\nled the country into a labyrinth of errors and iniquities.\\nThings came to that pass that the easiest way to escape accu-\\nsation was to accuse others, and at length persons of the first\\nstanding in the community were accused. A son of Gov.\\nBradstreet, charged with having bewitched a dog, and ridden\\non his back through the air, was obliged to flee into New-\\nHampshire, which was not greatly affected by the phrenzy.\\nAnother son of Gov. Bradstreet, who as a magistrate had been\\nconcerned in examining and committing to prison many of\\nthe accused, being himself accused of killing nine persons\\nby witchcraft, was glad to escape into Maine. Among the\\naccused were the Secretary of Connecticut and the lady of\\nGov. Phipps. The evil became intolerable, and men began\\nto ask where it would end A little reflection brought back\\nthe people to then senses the prosecutions were dropped\\nthe prisons were thrown open; and the Judges and jurors\\nconcerned in the trials, made public confession of their errors.\\nThough the Indian war impoverished the people and hin-\\ndered the growth of the Province, we yet find some faint\\ntraces of internal improvement. A Post Office, connected\\nwith that at Boston, was established at Portsmouth in 1693.\\nGreat Island, Little Harbor, and Sandy Beach, (now Rye) were\\nmade a distinct town by the name of New-Castle. In the\\nspring of the next year twenty persons from Hampton, having\\nobtained from Usher a charter of the township, began the\\nsettlement of Kingston but the danger of a surprisal by the\\nsavages induced many of them to abandon the enterprize, and\\nrendered the progress of the new settlement extremely slow.\\nSo well were the frontiers guarded this year that the Indians\\nfound themselves unable to effect much mischief, and in Au-\\ngust sent in proposals for a peace, which for a brief space they\\nobserved and which gave the Province a little respite from\\nwar.\\nHad the savages been left to themselves they had probably\\nremained quiet. But Villieu, the commander of a small French\\nfort at Penobscot, was busy in persuading them to break the\\ntreaty they had just made, and finally made them believe that\\nto break faith with heretics was no sin. A body of 250\\nEastern Indikns assembled under his command to attack the\\nEnglish, and Durham was selected as the devoted object.\\nThey arrived on the borders of the place, undiscovered, on\\nE", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "50 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1696.\\nthe evening of June 17th, 1694, made their attack early the\\nnext morning, destined five garrisoned houses out of twelve,\\nand killed or led away captive about an hundred of the people.\\nThe house of Mr. Buss, minister of the town, together with his\\nvaluable library was burnt. Seven fortified houses were suc-\\ncessfully defended. In one of them was a man who had been\\nkept aAvake through the night by toothache hearing the first\\ngun he roused the inmates just in time to secure the gate.\\nBickford, the owner of another house, having sent off his\\nfamily in a boat, undertook a defence alone, and by changing\\nhis dress frequently and firing briskly made the enemy believe\\nthere were several men within, and induced them to draw off.\\nWhile the main body retreated northward, a detachment went\\nto the farm of Madam Ursula Cutis, the relict of President\\nCutts, and killed her and three of her workmen who were\\nmaking hay. This respectable lady had been advised to retire\\nto a place of safety, her farm lying on the bank of the river,\\ntwo miles above Portsmouth, remote from succor in case of at-\\ntack. She concluded to remain till Saturday night to finish\\nsome work then in hand, but was slain a little after noon of\\nthat very day. Col. Waldron and his wife with their son, had\\nengaged to dine with her that day,and were preparing to go to\\nher house in a boat, when the unexpected arrival of some\\nfriends detained them at home. This was a providential es-\\ncape had they gone, they had probably shared her fate. While\\ndining in their own house at Dover they had the melancholy\\nintelligence of her death.\\nLittle mischief was done by the savages in 1695. In the\\nsummer of the next year a considerable party of them who\\ncame from the eastward in canoes, made a morning attack at\\nPortsmouth plain, two miles from the town. They had been\\nlurking in the woods some while, and suspicions had been\\nexcited the preceding day by the cattle running out of the\\nbushes, affrighted but the circumstance was not sufficiently\\nregarded. Nineteen persons were killed or made prisoners,\\nand several buildings burned. A company of militia under\\nCapt. Shackford pursued the marauders, and came up with\\nthem as they were busy in cooking their breakfast, at a place\\nsince called Breakfast Hill, between Greenland and Rye.\\nRushing upon them suddenly they recovered the captives and\\nthe plunder but the Indians fled to their canoes and effected\\ntheir escape, eluding several armed boats which had been\\nstationed to intercept their retreat. A few weeks afterwards,\\nsome people of Dover returning home from public worship", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "1697.] period m.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1679\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1698. 51\\nfell into an ambushment, and had nine of their number killed,\\nwounded, or captivated.\\nA gallant exploit was performed in this Province by a heroine\\nof Haverhill, Ms., in April, 1697. Mrs. Dustan of that place,\\nwith her nurse and infant, was made prisoner and led into the\\nwilderness, where the savages finding the infant an encum-\\nbrance, quickly despatched k. The women were conducted to\\na little island near the mouth of Contoocook river within the\\nlimits of Boscawen, and detained in charge of a party of In-\\ndians consisting of two men, three women, and seven children.\\nHere Mrs. Dustan formed the bold design of escaping. Finding\\nher keepers one night fast asleep, she with no other aid than\\nthat of her nurse and an English boy taken from Worcester,\\nkilled ten of the twelve savages and made her way with their\\nr;t!} through the trackless wilderness to Boston The fame\\nof her heroic achievement spread far and wide, and procured\\nher many presents, among others a valuable one from Gov.\\nNicholson of Maryland. A relation of one more incident will\\nclose the gloomy detail of Indian barbarities in this war. In\\nJune a party of the enemy concealed themselves in the woods\\nabout Exeter, intending to attack the town the next morning.\\nThough dissuaded by their friends, several women and chil-\\ndren ventured into the fields at an early hour to gather straw-\\nberries, when some one fired a gun to frighten them. The\\ntown was alarmed and an armed force quickly brought together.\\nSupposing themselves to have been discovered, the Indians\\nstaid only long enough to kill one, wound another, and capti-\\nvate a third, when they fled with precipitation. In this appa-\\nrently accidental alarm the reflecting mind sees the hand of\\nan all-governing Disposer,interposed to preserve the town from\\nutter destruction.\\nAll the latter part of the season the country was agitated by\\napprehensions of a French invasion. The Marquis Nesmond\\nsailed from France with a great force, expecting to be joined\\nat Penobscot by an army from Canada and then to ravage the\\ncoast of New-England. It was feared that Portsmouth might\\nbe the first point of attack. But the delay of the fleet, which\\ndid not arrive on the coast of Newfoundland till late in autumn,\\nrendered the whole design impracticable. The following\\nwinter was remarkable for intense cold and deep snows.\\nIn the course of these events Lieut. Gov. Usher became\\nmore and more unpopular. He irritated the people by sus-\\npending from their seats in he Council some of the chief op-\\nposers of the proprietary claim, among whom were Hinckes,\\nDisappointed in his expectations", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "52 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1697.\\nboth of obtaining grants of the Assembly and of receiving\\nthe stipulated salary from Allen, he had solicited leave to re-\\nsign. His opponents however had the address to get him\\nsuperseded by procuring, without his suspecting their designs,\\nthe appointment of William Partridge as Lieut. Governor\\nand Commander in Chief in Allen s absence. He was a na-\\ntive of Portsmouth distinguished for skill in naval architecture\\na man of popular address and had been largely engaged\\nin trade. Early in 1697 he returned from England with his\\ncommission, containing a full revocation of Usher s authority\\nbut for some reason did not qualify himself to aet in his of-\\nfice, by taking the necessary oath, till almost a year after-\\nwards. In the mean time, the suspended Councillors resumed\\ntheir seats, and John Hinckes as President of the Council,\\nofficiated as Chief Magistrate till Partridge was duly quali-\\nfied.\\nTo be thus superseded was to Usher unexpected and mor-\\ntifying. He made some efforts to retain his authority, and\\nattempted to excite the people of Hampton to support him\\nby force of arms; but the tide of public feeling ran strong\\nagainst him, and he found it necessary to quit the Province.\\nPresident Hinckes and the Council issued a proclamation sta-\\nting the revocation of Usher s powers, and commanding all\\npersons to submit to their authority. In answer to a complaint\\nof these proceedings which he transmitted to England, the\\ngovernment there directed him to continue to act in his office,\\ntill Partridge should duly qualify himself. Bearing this com-\\nmunication, and also an official notice of the peace just con-\\ncluded between France and England, he came to Portsmouth\\nin December, to reassume the reins of government on which\\nPartridge the very next day qualified himself in due form,\\nand entered on the duties of the chief magistracy. Chagrin-\\ned and mortified, Usher returned to Boston.\\nThe loss of the Rev. Mr. Moodey of Portsmouth, excited\\nthe general regret of the people. On the approach of his\\nlast sickness, he repaired for medical advice to Boston, where\\nhe died in 1697. Such was his eminence that he was once\\nelected President of Harvard College, but modestly declined\\nthat important trust. Of his courageous resistance of Cran-\\nfield s arbitrary designs, an account has been given in a pre-\\nceding page. His disposition was benevolent, and led him\\nto embrace every opportunity of doing good. He had the\\ngood sense to oppose at the time of the Salem Witchcraft\\nthat torrent of delusion which swept away almost all others,\\ntind exposed himself to no small obloquy, by his efforts to be-", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "1698.] period in.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1679\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1698. 53\\nfriend the unfortunate accused. A Mr. English, a merchant\\nof Salem, and his wife were among the accused, and were\\nimprisoned at Boston. The day before they were to be re-\\nmoved to Salem for trial, Mr. Moodey invited them to attend\\npublic worship, and preached from the text, When they\\npersecute you in one city, flee ye into another. This was\\nintended as a hint to them to make their escape. After ser-\\nvice he visited them in prison, and warned them of their\\ndanger. By his advice and assistance, they escaped to New-\\nYork, furnished with letters of introduction to Col. Fletcher,\\nGovernor of that Province, by whom they were kindly en-\\ntertained in his own house. After the phrenzy had subsided,\\nthey returned to Salem. But for this kind interference of\\nMr. Moodey, they had probably fallen victims to the popular\\ndelusion.\\nMost welcome was the news of peace. The French Gov-\\nernor of Canada, in 1698, notified the Indians that he could\\nno longer aid them in the war, and advised them to bury the\\nhatchet. They had themselves suffered much from famine,\\nsickness, and the sword and after some delay were induced\\nto conclude at Portland, a treaty with the English, in which\\nthey engaged future peace and the restoration of the captives.\\nThus ended the first ten years war, which had inflicted on\\nthe northern parts of New-England great evils. The lot of\\nthe unhappy captives was often wretched in the extreme.\\nSuch aged, infirm or corpulent persons as could not travel in\\nthe pathless wilderness, were at once butchered on the spot\\ncrying infants, whom their mothers could not at once quiet,\\nwere dashed against a tree, or despatched with a toma-\\nhawk. A married woman, taken at Durham, unable to nurse\\nan infant child, born in the open air in a violent snow-storm,\\nwas doomed to see it thus destroyed. Those able to travel\\nwere compelled, though almost unclad and unfed, to traverse\\nmiry swamps, steep mountains, and almost interminable\\nforests, through rivers and through snows. If they lived\\nto reach Canada, the happiest allotment they could expect\\nwas to be sold to the French, to be detained as prisoners\\ntill ransomed by their friends. Truth however requires us to\\nadd that amid many barbarities, there were not wanting in-\\nstances on the part both of Frenchmen and Indians, of kind-\\nness and humanity. Some of the younger captives became\\nattached to savasre life and voluntarily remained with the\\nIndians\u00e2\u0080\u0094 to the poignant grief of their relatives at home, to\\nwhom such an event was little less distressing, than to have\\nheard of their death.\\nE*", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "PERIOD IV.\\nFROM THE CLOSE OF KING WILLIAM S WAR IN 1698 TO THE\\nTERMINATION OF QUEEN ANN S WAR IN 1713.\\nAfter a delay of six years from the date of his appointment\\nas Chief Magistrate of New-Hampshire, Gov. Allen came over\\nfor the first time from England to America in the summer of\\n1698. It being well known that his errand was the establish-\\nment of the proprietary claim he had derived by purchase from\\n3Iason, he met but a cold reception. The people with whom\\nhe had to deal were men both of hard hands and of independent\\nspirits and spurned the idea of being considered as the mere\\ntenantry of the soil they cultivated. They well knew that the\\nEarl of Bellomont had received the appointment of Governor\\nof New- York, Massachusetts, and New-Hampshire but it\\nbeing uncertain when he would arrive, and undeniable that\\nAllen s commission remained in force till the arrival of his\\nsuccessor, he assumed without opposition the administration\\nof the government and retained it almost a year. By his au-\\nthority, Usher resumed his place in the Council as Lieut. Gov-\\nernor, to the exclusion of Partridge. This measure gave great\\noffence and was considered as illegal both by the Assembly\\nand a majority of the Council, who regarded Partridge s com-\\nmission as being still in force. Most of the old Counsellors\\nrefused to sit at the board with Usher, and the whole of Allen s\\nshort administration was little else than a scene of altercation.\\nHis own temper was placable and yielding but Usher s was\\notherwise, and his influence pushed on the Governor into\\nmeasures, which, had he followed the bent of his own feelings,\\nhe would not have attempted.\\nHe was superseded the next year by the arrival of the Earl\\nof Bellomont, a nobleman of accomplished manners and lib-\\neral principles, who was received by the people with great\\ncordiality. From this time and onward through a period of\\nforty-two years, Massachusetts and New-Hampshire, though\\neach Province had its own separate Lieutenant Governor,", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "1700.] period iv.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1698\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1713. 55\\nCouncil, and Assembly of Representatives, and its own code\\nof laws, were placed under the administration of the same\\nGovernor. The new Governor shewed himself friendly to the\\npopular cause and reversed the former decision of Gov. Allen\\nin favor of Usher, thereby restoring Partridge to the office of\\nLieut. Governor. By his authority the Counsellors whom\\nUsher had suspended, resumed their seats at the board; and\\ntheir associates who had retired from their places rather than\\nsit with Usher, returned of course. Bellomont made but one\\nvisit, and that a short one, to New-Hampshire, on which occa-\\nsion he received from the Assembly a liberal grant. On his\\nreturn to Boston, he left the Lieut. Governor and Council, now\\nconstituted in accordance with the popular wishes, to manage\\nthe affairs of government. In anticipation of the efforts\\nexpected soon to be made by the Proprietor, they availed\\nthemselves of the favorable opportunity to new-model the\\nCourts, making John Hinckes Chief Justice of the Superior\\nCourt, and selecting the side Judges from among the decided\\nopponents of the proprietary claim. This organization of the\\nJudicial tribunals left to Allen but a faint prospect of succeed-\\ning in his views on the lands, unless by an appeal from the\\nCourts here to the authorities in England.\\nAfter a short residence in Massachusetts, Bellomont returned\\nto New- York where he soon after died, much regretted. His\\nattention had been considerably directed to the suppression of\\nthe piracies, which at that time harrassed the commerce of the\\nAmerican coasts. In the course of his administration, the fa-\\nmous Capt. Kidd and other pirates were taken, sent to England\\nfor trial, and executed. Almost down to this day credulous\\npersons have imagined that these pirates buried large sums of\\nmoney in the earth, and have had the folly to dig for concealed\\ntreasures which have never yet been found.\\nPrior to the Earl s death, Allen commenced a series of efforts\\nto establish his proprietary claim which kept the Province in\\nagitation for some years. The details are rather uninteresting.\\nTo give a connected view of the affair, we must anticipate\\ndates and trace the progress of the controversy from 1700 to\\n1715. From the Provincial Courts he had little to hope, but\\nlooked for a favorable issue on an appeal to the King. On\\nexamining the records of the Superior Court, many leaves,\\nsupposed to contain the record of the judgments formerly\\ngiven in Mason s favor, were missing having probably been\\ndestroyed by design the consequence was that he was obliged\\nto begin altogether anew. He brought a suit of ejectment in\\n1700 against Waldron of Dover, one of the largest landholders.", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "56 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1701.\\nJudgment being given in Waldron s favor, the case was brought\\nby appeal before the King. As the cause of Waldron was\\nequally that of every other landholder, the Assembly appointed\\nGeorge Vaughan, a son of Maj. William Vaughan the chief op-\\nponent of Cranrield, to repair to England as their agent and\\nWaldron s attorney. In the mean time King William died,\\nand was succeeded by Queen Ann in 1702. When the appeal\\ncame before the Queen s Council there was some defect of\\nproof on the part of Allen, which occasioned the judgment of\\nthe New-Hampshire Court in AValdron s favor to be affirmed\\nwith permission however to Allen to begin anew by a writ of\\nejectment in the Courts here. He availed himself of this per-\\nmission and judgment was again given against him. These\\nperplexing disappointments, together with want of funds and\\nthe infirmities of age, inclined the Proprietor to make to the\\npeople overtures of accommodation. A Convention of Dep-\\nuties from the different towns, holden at Portsmouth in 1705,\\nagreed to propose to him, that on condition of quitclaiming to\\nthe inhabitants and their heirs all the lands within the limits\\nof the townships then settled, they would admit his claim to\\nall the remaining parts of the Province, allot him tracts in the\\nsettled towns to the amount of 5000 acres, and pay him a con-\\nsiderable sum of money. Probably Allen would have accepted\\nthese proposals, had not his death prevented an issue so desi-\\nrable. Though his proprietary claim made him obnoxious to\\nthe people, it should not be forgotten that his character as a\\nmerchant was honorable, his private deportment amiable, and\\nhis christian profession well supported. His son Thomas Al-\\nlen renewed the suit, but unsuccessfully on which he appealed\\nto the Queen in 1707. The distresses of the war then raging\\ninduced the English government to delay an hearing on the\\nappeal for some years, till at length the death of Allen termi-\\nnated the suit, and the inhabitants of the Province were reliev-\\ned from the fear of disturbance in the possession of their\\nlands.\\nGlad to dismiss this almost interminable controversy, we\\nreturn to chronological order. A society of the people called\\nQuakers or Friends was formed at Seabrook, then a part of\\nHampton, in 1701. For some years before, a few individuals\\nof this denomination had been found in the Province but\\nthis was the first regular society. At the present day the\\nnumber of their societies is almost twenty. As is well known,\\nthe unlawfulness of war in all cases whatever is one of the\\ntenets of this respectable denomination and so far as the re-\\nsults, in the case of the Quakers, Moravians, and some other", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "1703.] period iv.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1698\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1713. 57\\ndenominations of kindred views, have become matters of his-\\ntory, they go to prove that pacific principles serve rather to\\nprotect from wrong than to invite aggression and that of\\ncourse they may be safely adopted, and the final issue left with\\nconfidence at the disposal of the Supreme Ruler of the\\nworld.\\nJoseph Dudley, Esquire, who had formerly occupied the\\nchair a short time, was appointed in 1702 Governor of Mas-\\nsachusetts and New-Hampshire. As he was favorably disposed\\nto the interests of the people in relation to the proprietary\\nclaim, the appointment was acceptable, and the Assembly\\ngranted him a permanent salary. The next year Usher ob-\\ntained a second commission constituting him Lieut. Gov-\\nernor of New-Hampshire, much to the dissatisfaction of the\\ninhabitants. It is a fact not a little singular that this man,who\\nhad been twice superseded by Partridge, should now in his\\nturn a second time supersede his rival. The latter, on his\\nfinal retirement from public life, removed from the Province\\nand devoted himself to mercantile pursuits at Newbury.\\nThe population of New-Hampshire had increased at this\\ntime to 10,000 the number of towns was six of Congrega-\\ntional Churches, five.\\nTo an historian who believes that war in all cases, that of in-\\nevitable self-defence excepted, is repugnant to the example and\\nprecepts of Jesus Christ, it must be painful to record its scenes\\nof guilt and devastation. Better were it to commit his manu-\\nscript to the flames, than send to the press what would serve\\nto excite a military feeling not under the control of conscience\\nand religion. That wars of aggression of plunder of revenge;\\nof false honor and of military glory, are anti-christian, is an\\nunquestionable truth and it is equally certain that in all wars\\nthe guilt of complicated murder must attach, if not to both, at\\nleast to one of the parties. Viewed however as events which\\nthe Ruler of the Universe has permitted to exist, the events of\\nwar belong to history and without doubt there is a mode of\\nexhibiting them, free from any tendency to excite military\\npassion or malevolent feeling. By the Author who regards\\nas he ought the moral influence of what he writes, this mode\\nmust be considered as a great desideratum.\\nIn 1703 began the second ten years war with the French\\nand Indians, called Queen Ann s War. The French King\\nhaving proclaimed the Pretender as King of Great Britain, a\\ndeclaration of war followed on the part of England. As soon\\nas intelligence of this event reached this country, it was fore-\\nseen that the French would excite the Indians to resume the", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "58 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1704.\\nhatchet. Desirous of keeping them quiet if possible, Gov.\\nDudley visited Maine and invited them to a conference at\\nPortland where their Chiefs assured him that as high as the\\nSun above the Earth, so far distant was their design of breaking\\nthe peace. But their professions were insincere it was after-\\nwards discovered that had they been in sufficient force, they\\nwould have seized the Governor on the spot. In the course\\nof a few weeks, they attacked at the instigation of French\\nagents all the settlements from Portland to Wells, and killed\\nand captivated 130 persons.\\nThis wide spread devastation filled the people of New-\\nHampshire with alarm, and soon were their fears of an assault\\nrealized in the butchery of several persons in Hampton. The\\nPenacooks and Pequawkets joined with the eastern tribes in\\nthe war. Women and children took refuge in the fortified\\nhouses, and the men went armed to public worship and to\\ntheir labors in the fields. Scouting parties penetrated to Ossi-\\npee lake and the head w r aters of the Saco, but the enemy\\neluded an attack. An expedition undertaken in the winter and\\nled by Col. Winthrop Hilton of Exeter, a gallant officer, and\\ngprandson of Edward Hilton, was equally unsuccessful.\\nIn the destruction of Deerfield, Ms. at the opening of thS\\nnext year, the enemy struck a blow which excited general\\nconsternation. The ensuing summer was however less disas-\\ntrous to New-Hampshire than the people had forebo-\\nded though lurking parties of Indians infested the\\nwoods and occasionally killed a few individuals. A design\\nformed by the French to intercept the vessels which brought\\nsupplies of bread stuffs from the South to the harbor of Pas-\\ncataqua, was happily frustrated by the stranding on the shore\\nof Cape Cod, of the armed vessel they had fitted out for this\\npurpose. A body of men under Col. Hilton, joined by a large\\nbody from Massachusetts, the whole commanded by Col.\\nChurch, spent the summer in an expedition to the Eastward,\\nkilling and taking prisoners several of the enemy at Penob-\\nscot, and destroying some French settlements in Nova Scotia,\\nthen called Acadia. In the western part of the Province was\\nperformed an exploit worthy of a memorial. Some Indians\\nafter the massacre at Deerfield went up the Connecticut river,\\nand established themselves in the fishing season at Coawsuck,\\nor Coos, probably not far from Haverhill. This being repor-\\nted at Northhampton, Ms. Lieut. Lyman with five friendly\\nIndians went nine days march into the wilderness, discovered\\ntheir encampment in which were ten savages, and killed nine", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "1706.] period iv.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1698\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1713. 59\\nof them in a sudden attack made in a thunderstorm in the\\ndead of the night.\\nEarly in 1705, the snow being four feet deep and the whole\\ncountry exhibiting a n aspect of desolation, Col. Hilton led\\n270 men on snowshoes to Norridgewalk to attack the enemy in\\ntheir winter quarters but they discovered the design in sea-\\nson to effect their escape. The capture of a large storeship\\nfrom France, having on board several persons of distinction\\nand valuable supplies destined to Canada, so disabled the\\nFrench there, that they could undertake no enterprise of con-\\nsequence, and the frontiers were tolerably quiet all the season.\\nSo numerous however were the French privateers on the\\ncoasts, that a line of nighly patrols was established from Ports-\\nmouth to Hampton to prevent a surprisal by parties landing in\\nthe night.\\nThe next year the Indians exhibited more vigor. A small\\nparty attacked a house in Durham in which were only a few\\nfemales, the men being absent. Determined not to fall into\\nthe hands of the barbarians these heroines, putting on their\\nhusbands hats and assuming the appearance of men, kept up\\nso smart a fire that the assailants fled. The unhappy family\\nof John Wheeler, consisting of himself, wife, and six child-\\nren, met them on their retreat and at first mistook them for\\nfriendly Indians four of the number were killed the others\\nfled and found concealment and safety in a cave. In July a\\nconsiderable body of western Indians came to Wells garrison\\nin Dunstable, in which were twenty soldiers. Unaware of\\nimpending danger they had neglected keeping a watch the\\nresult of their negligence was that the enemy entered the fort\\nby surprise, and killed half the men in it. Still thirsting for\\nblood, they attacked another house not far distant, where they\\nslew several persons. The unhappy fate of Joe English, a\\nsagacious and friendly Indian, distinguished by this name for\\nhis uniform attachment to the white people, and for this very\\nreason obnoxious to the hostile Indians, deserves to be re-\\nmembered. Going to accompany two persons from Dunsta-\\nble to Chelmsford, he was waylaid and shot down, much to\\nthe gratification of the savages, who had long been seeking\\nhis death. He often resided within the present limits of New-\\nBoston, near a lofty and precipitous hill which has ever since\\nborne his name. Having finished their destructive operations\\nin the vicinity of Dunstable, the same party of savages went\\neastward, and at Exeter surprised ten men mowing in a field,\\nkilling, wounding, or captivating eight, of the number. They\\nnext entered Dover. An eccentric man in this town, named", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "60 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1708.\\nPearl, had lived three years, day and night, summer and win-\\nter, in a cave almost in the very path by which the Indians\\nused to approach. Often had he been admonished of his\\ndanger: but refusing to seek other quarters, he was discover-\\ned and killed in his sequestered abode.\\nCol. Hilton conducted a winter expedition to the eastward\\nin January, 1707, of which the results were of some impor-\\ntance. Having surprised a small party of Indians at Scarbo-\\nrough, he despatched four of the number. A squaw who\\nfell into his hands as a prisoner, was induced to conduct him\\nto a larger party of eighteen, lying fast asleep in a place of\\nfancied security, of whom he killed seventeen on the spot.\\nThe hopes inspired by this success were however damped by\\nthe unfortunate issue of a subsequent expedition to Port Roy-\\nal, the capital of the French settlements in Nova Scotia, and\\nthe centre of their influence over the eastern Indians. New-\\nHampshire united with the adjacent colonies in raising a con-\\nsiderable army for the reduction of this place, and an im-\\nportant command was assigned to Col. Hilton, her fa-\\nvorite son. The forces reached the place under the con-\\nvoy of two men of war but dissentions between the military\\nand naval officers rendered the plan abortive, and the troops\\nreturned late in the summer, sickly and disheartened.\\nAmong the officers engaged in the Port Royal Expedition,\\nnone was more distinguished for bravery and enterprise than\\nCapt. Chesley of Durham. The tragical fate which awaited\\nhim on his return deprived the Province of a man, whom, in\\nher miserably feeble state, it was a serious calamity to lose.\\nHe was one of a party who went into the woods with their\\nteams for some timber, and while engaged in work were sur-\\nprised by Indians, painted with a blood color, who at the first\\nfire killed seven men. Chesley with the few survivors made\\na gallant defence, but at length himself fell, deeply lamented.\\nMuch alarm was excited the next year by the report of a\\npowerful army to be sent from Canada to lay waste the Eng-\\nlish settlements. A considerable force was indeed sent on an\\nincursion into New-England, but they found the frontiers of\\nNew-Hampshire so well guarded, that they directed their\\nmarch to Haverhill, Mass., where they slew many of the in-\\nhabitants, together with the Rev. Mr. Rolfe, Minister of the\\ntown, and burnt most of the buildings. Two daughters and a\\nmaid-servant of Mr. Rolfe fled into the cellar, and under the\\nshelter of large tabs happily found concealment. The re-\\nmainder of this year and all the next passed away without se-\\nrious disaster the people were however confined to the garri-", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "1711.] period iv.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1698\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1713. 61\\nsoned houses and agitated with continual apprehensions of\\nattacks.\\nThe enemy executed in 1710, their long meditated design\\nof killing Col. Hilton, whose activity and enterprise had in-\\nspired them with a strong desire to put him out of the way.\\nHaving ventured with some men several miles into the forest\\nto secure some masts, he was surprised and slain with two of\\nhis men. A pursuing party from Exeter found the mangled\\nbodies of the slain on the next day, the fatal tomahawk still\\nremaining buried in the Colonel s head. Thus fell one of the\\nmost estimable citizens, and one of the bravest defenders of\\nNew-Hampshire His elegant silver headed cane is pre-\\nserved to this day by his descendants as a precious memorial.\\nThe lamented death of Hilton was quickly followed by the\\nbutchery or capture of several persons at Exeter, Kingston,\\nand Dover among the rest, four children at Exeter, while\\nengaged in their play, and totally unsuspicious of danger,\\nwere seized by the enemy and led off into the wilderness.\\nBut these losses were far more than balanced by the success\\nof a second expedition to Port Royal, in which an hundred\\nmen from this Province led by Col. Walton, co-operated with\\nthe forces of the neighboring Provinces. Aided by a naval\\narmament from England, the troops took the place with little\\nresistance, and its name was changed to Annapolis, in honor of\\nthe Queen.\\nThis important success encouraged an attempt the next\\nyear on Quebec itself. A powerful fleet under Admiral\\nWalker, and several regiments of veteran troops were des-\\npatched from England who on their arrival at Boston were\\njoined by such large reinforcements of Colonists as swelled the\\nwhole number to 6500. Never before had New-England seen\\non her waters and fields, a force so formidable. One hun-\\ndred of the Colonial troops were furnished by New-Hampshire.\\nWith the brightest anticipations of success, the expedition\\nsailed from Boston, July, 1711, and had entered the mouth of\\nthe St. Lawrence, when in one fatal night all their hopes were\\nblasted. The weather being thick and dark, and the Admiral\\nobstinately refusing to direct the course of the fleet according\\nto the advice of the pilots, eight transports were wrecked on\\nan island, and more than a thousand men perished in the wa-\\nters the sad result of the rashness and obstinacy of one\\nman Disheartened by the disaster, the fleet returned to\\nEurope, and the Colonial troops to their homes. From the\\nwrecks the French obtained many cannon and other spoils of\\ngreat value. It was observed by the pious people of that day\\nF", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1713.\\nas a Providential interposition, that of the multitude who per-\\nished in that dreadful shipwreck, only one man belonged to\\nNew-England.\\nSmall bands of savages still prowled around the frontiers,\\nbut were unable to commit very extensive depredations. A\\nscout of forty men continually ranged the woods from Kings-\\nton to Dover half the militia did duty at the garrisons, ready\\nto pursue a hostile party at a moment s warning and spy\\nboats were constantly employed off the coast, to prevent a sur-\\nprisal by the Eastern Indians coming by sea. An interesting\\nincident in the annals of savage warfare occurred at Dover.\\nA number of Indians came into the town, killed two children,\\nand made demonstrations of attacking a fortified house, in\\nwhich were only some women the men being absent. A\\nresolute woman named Esther Jones mounted guard and\\nwith a thundering voice called for aid, as if conscious it was\\nat hand on which the enemy, outwitted by the stratagem, and\\nimagining they might be overpowered, drew off without far-\\nther efforts.\\nIn the autumn of 1712, arrived the welcome intelligence of\\nthe peace concluded between England and France by the\\ntreaty of Utrecht. No longer supported by aids from Canada,\\nand weakened by sword and famine, the Indian Chiefs were\\neasily induced in the ensuing summer to meet Gov. Dudley\\nwith the Councils of Massachusetts and New-Hampshire, in\\nconference at Portsmouth, where a peace was agreed on which\\nhappily continued for several years. Most joyfully did the\\npeople* leave the garrisoned houses, and betake themselves to\\nthe peaceful pursuits of industry in their own dwellings and\\nfields. Of the thirty-seven preceding years, twenty-three\\nhad been years of war, in which New-England was com-\\nputed to have lost five or six thousand of the flower of her\\nyouth New-Hampshire had a large share of these suffer-\\nings, and, like a ship which has weathered out the storm, but\\nis become shattered and crippled, was left in a very deplorable\\ncondition. In addition to the meritorious officers who fell by\\nthe hand of the enemy, the Province, within the period em-\\nbraced in this chapter, lost other distinguished citizens by the\\nordinary course of death. The Rev. John Cotton of Hampton,\\nwhose father, Seaborn Cotton, was his predecessor in the\\nministry in that place, died in 1710 as did also the Rev. John\\nPike of Dover, a pious and useful man. From a journal of\\npassing events kept by him, and still remaining in manuscript,\\nhistorians have derived the knowledge of several interesting\\noccurrences which had otherwise fallen into oblivion.", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "PERIOD V.\\nFROM THE PEACE OF 1713, TO THE FINAL SETTLEMENT OF THE\\nBOUNDARY LINES AND THE APPOINTMENT OF A SEPARATE\\nGOVERNOR FOR NEW-HAMPSHIRE IN 1741.\\nSoon after the restoration of peace, arrangements were made\\nfor the exchange of prisoners, and a vessel was fitted out for\\nQuebec, which brought back the surviving captives to their\\nfriends.\\nGov. Dudley had conducted the administration of the gov-\\nernment during the scenes of the late protracted war to\\ngeneral acceptance. The circumstance that he favored the\\nviews of those who opposed the claims of Allen, went a great\\nway in conciliating popular favor. Now and then his enemies\\nattacked his character; but on these occasions the New-\\nHampshire Assembly shewed themselves his steady friends by\\naddressing the Queen in his defence. As is truly remarked by\\nBelknap, their Addresses to the crown were frequent during\\nthis female reign, scarce a year passing without one or two.\\nThey either congratulated her Majesty on her victories in\\nEurope or petitioned for arms and military stores for their\\nown defence and for ships and troops to go against Canada or\\nrepresented their own poverty or the merits of Dudley or\\nthanked her Majesty for her interposition in not permitting the\\nsuit of Allen to be decided against them.\\nGeorge Vaughan of Portsmouth, obtained in 1715 a commis-\\nsion constituting him Lieut. Governor of New-Hampshire\\nand the circumstances of his being a native of the Province,\\nand the son of one of the most determined opposers of the\\nproprietary claim, rendered the appointment quite acceptable.\\nOn his arrival from England and publishing his commis-\\nsion, Lieut. Gov. Usher, advanced in years, retired to private\\nlife at his seat in Medford. During the war he had made fre-\\nquent journies from Boston, the place of his residence, to\\nNew-Hampshire, and zealously promoted the defence and in-\\nterests of the Province but after all, his reserved, stately man-", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "64 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1716.\\ncers and his connection with the Allen family, made him\\nunpopular. Gov. Dudley, expecting soon to be superseded,\\nleft the administration of affairs in this Province wholly in the\\nhands of Vaughan. The Assembly were very desirous of\\nhaving the Governor retained in office, and petitioned the\\nKing to this effect but in vain. Col. Samuel Shute, an English\\nofficer, was the next year appointed to succeed him as Gover-\\nnor of Massachusetts and New-Hampshire. Dudley passsed\\nthe evening of life in dignified retirement at his seat in Roxbu-\\nry. Though like other eminent men he had his share of\\nobloquy, yet his character commanded great respect. He was\\nin the habit of praying with his children separately for their\\neverlasting well being, and was attentive to the religious\\ninstruction of his servants traits of character not unfrequent\\nat that day among the distinguished men of New-England.\\nOf Shute s administration the first acts were rather unpop-\\nular. He displaced six of the old counsellors and appointed in\\ntheir stead six others, all of Portsmouth a measure offensive\\nto the landed interest, on an apprehension that the Portsmouth\\ngentlemen might be disposed to favor unduly the trading inter-\\nest, and lay too much of the burden of supporting government\\non the farmers. There was a want of harmony between him\\nand the House of Representatives. They complained of the\\nremoval of the old Counsellors, and refused their consent to\\nan emission of bills of credit to the extent he desired on\\nwhich after some unpleasant bickerings he dissolved them.\\nA warm controversy arose between him and Lieut. Governor\\nVaughan. The Governor resided for the most part in Massa-\\nchusetts, as the more important of his two provinces. Vaughan\\ncontended that he had no authority in New-Hampshire except\\nwhen he was personally present, and that during his absence\\nfrom the Province the Lieut.Gov. was Commander-in-Chief.\\nOn the other hand Shute asserted his own claim of supreme\\nauthority in his absence as well as when present, and denied\\nthe right of the Lieut. Gov. to exercise any govermental pow-\\ners without express instructions^ Vaughan ventured to disobey\\nsome of his instructions, and suspended Judge Penhallow, a\\nwarm friend to the Governor, from his seat in the Council.\\nIncensed at these steps, Shute repaired to Portsmouth, restored\\nPenhallow and suspended Vaughan: and the public opinion sus-\\nsustained the Governor and censured the rashness ofhisLietrL\\nA report of these proceedings being made to the King, Vaugh\\nan was removed from office in 1717, and John Wentworth, a\\nmerchant of Portsmouth, a man of fair reputation, conciliatory\\nmanners, and ample fortune, was appointed Lieut. Governor.", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "1717.] period v.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1713\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1741. 65\\nIn February, 1717, occurred the greatest foil of snow recor-\\nded in the annals of New-England almost burying under\\nthe frozen mass the small log houses of the new plantations.\\nSo effectually were even the most travelled roads blocked, that\\nthe magistrates and ministers of Boston, who had come out of\\nthe town on the first day of the storm to attend the funeral of\\nthe Rev, Mr. Brattle at Cambridge, were unable to return for\\nsome days. In some portion of the streets of Boston, the\\nsnow was six feet in depth and on the thousand hills of New-\\nHampshire it lay in immense bodies.\\nFrom the effects of the late war the country rapidly recov-\\nered, and soon exhited the spirit of improvement and enterprise.\\nAn edition of the Provincial laws,which had hitherto, remained\\nin manuscript, was printed in Boston in a volume of 60 folio\\npages. The fisheries in the eastern waters were successful\\nand the British Parliament gave an impulse to the lumber bu-\\nsiness by permitting the importation of lumber into England\\nfree of duty. Something was done toward the cultivation of\\nhemp, but it soon appeared that all the land the people could\\ntill was no more than was requisite for the production\\nof corn. The multitude of pitch pine trees invited the man-\\nufacture of tar and turpentine, and not a few persons engaged\\nin this business, till too frequent incisions destroyed the\\ntrees.\\nNo little ferment existed at this time among the Eastern In-\\ndians. With utter dislike they saw the English settlements\\nrapidly extending while the erection of mills, dams, and forts,\\ninjured their fisheries and interrupted their accustomed com-\\nmunications. They contended that the lands thus occupied\\nhad either been never sold by them, or sold by unauthorized\\npersons and complained loudly of being cheated in trade.\\nTo allay their discontents, Gov. Shute with several gentlemen\\nof both his Provinces, went into Maine and held a conference\\nwith their Chiefs on an island in the Kennebec when he\\npromised that trading houses should be established among\\nthem to furnish necessary supplies, and smiths sent to keep\\ntheir guns in repair a promise never fulfilled. The bad\\nconduct of some immoral men, who while they assumed the\\nname, denied in practice the obligations of christians, had\\ninspired them with strong prejudices against the religion of\\nthe English: so that one of their Sachcms,m conversation with\\na person who asked why they were so strongly attached to the\\nFrench replied, Because the French have taught us to pray\\nto God, which the English never did. Bad men, bearing the\\nchristian name, but utterly void of christian principles, have", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "66 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1719.\\nin most ages formed the grand obstacle to the propogation of\\nChristianity among unevangelized nations. Justice to the\\nmemory of the eastern Indians requires the admission, thaUhe\\nguilt of the blood shed in successive wars rests not on them\\nalone, but attaches in part to unprincipled whites. The great\\nJudge of the Earth, when he shall make inquisition for blood,\\nwill apportion the guilt among the real criminals with exact\\nimpartiality, and render to every man according to his\\nworks.\\nPrior to this period, the population consisted with few ex-\\nceptions of the descendants of the original settlers who had\\nestablished themselves on the different branches of the Pas-\\ncataqua. Early in 1719 it received an important addition by\\nthe settlement of some Scottish families at Londonderry. A\\ncentury before this date, their ancestors had emigrated from\\nArgylshire in the west of Scotland to the Counties of Lon-\\ndonderry and Antrim in the north of Ireland, where they and\\ntheir descendants shared largely in the persecutions of the\\nProtestants in the reigns of Charles I. and James II. Bur-\\ndened with rents and tythes, and thirsting for the enjoyment\\nof civil and religious liberty, three Presbyterian ministers, of\\nwhom one was the RevJames M Gregore, with many individ-\\nuals of their Congregations, resolved on a removal to America,\\nof which they had heard nattering reports. To the number\\nof 120 families, they arrived, some at Boston and others at\\nPortland, the preceding autumn, and passed the winter at\\ndifferent places. Mr. M Gregore with sixteen others selected\\nas their residence the tract then called Nutfield, now London-\\nderry and Derry. He preached his first sermon there under\\na large Oak from the following passage: Moreover I will\\nmake a covenant of peace with them it shall be an everlasting\\ncovenant with them and I will plant them and multiply them\\nand will set my sanctuary in the midst of them forevermore.\\nTheir original number soon received such large accessions by\\nnew emigrations of their countrymen, that in a few years the\\nchurch they established included 230 communicants. The\\ngovernment of New-Hampshire extended to them a protecting\\nhand, and they remembered with much gratitude the friendly\\noffices of Lieut. Gov. Wentworth. Toward wealth and im-\\nportance they made rapid advances. They were a well\\nprincipled people frugal, hardy, industrious and warmly\\nattached to the Presbyterian doctrine and discipline. Many of\\nthem and of their descendants lived to a very advanced age,\\nMr. Mc Gregore remained with them about ten years, till his\\nwhose memory is", "height": "3359", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "1719.] period v.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1713\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1741. 67\\nstill holden in high respect. His son, the Rev. David Mc Greg-\\nore, afterwards minister of Londonderry, had few superiors\\nin usefulness and ahility. Windham, Chester, Litclifield, Man-\\nchester, Bedford, GofFstown, New-Boston, Antrim, Peterboro,\\nand Acworth in New-Hampshire together with some towns\\nin Massachusetts, Maine, Nova Scotia, and Vermont, derived\\nfrom Londonderry a considerable proportion of their first in-\\nhabitants. To this town we are to look for the origin of most of\\nthe Presbyterian churches now existing in New-England.\\nIts inhabitants endured for years much unmerited obloquy\\nfrom their English neighbors confounding them with the\\nproper Irish, from whom they essentially differed in language,\\nmauners* and religion but these prejudices have been long\\nworn away. Many of their descendants have risen to high\\nrespectability, among whom are numbered four Governors of\\nNew-Hampshire one of the signers of the Declaration of\\nIndependence several distinguished officers in the revolution-\\nary war and in the last war with Great Britain, including\\nStark, Reid, Miller, and M Niel a President of Bowdoin\\nCollege some members of Congress and several distin-\\nguished ministers of the gospel. These people claim the\\nmerit of having introduced into the State the culture of the\\npotatoe and the use of the foot spinning wheel. The superior\\nexcellence of their linen cloth and thread procured for these\\nproducts of their industry an extensive demand, and contrib-\\nuted much to the wealth of the town. Probably not less\\nthan 20,000, possibly 30,000 of the present inhabitants of our\\ncountry are the descendants of the Londonderry Colony.\\nThis establishment, justly considered as the most respecta-\\nble Scottish settlement in New-England, gave a considerable\\nimpulse to the enterprise of New- Hampshire, and was soon\\nfollowed by the formation of settlements in Chester, Litchfield,\\nand Pelham. Not long after, the townships of Nottingham,\\nBarrington, and Rochester were granted and incorporated,\\nthough not immediately settled. Many of the inhabitants of\\nthe old towns, desirous of providing farms for their children,\\nbegan to think of a removal to places where lands were of\\neasier acquisition. Other reasons also led to the procuring of\\nthese grants the best pines in the ungranted lands having\\nbeen marked by the King s Surveyors, were reserved for the\\nnavy, and the people were forbidden to cut them under severe\\npenalties while the pines within the incorporated townships\\nwere considered as private property. The convenience of\\npossessing these valuable trees, often growing in this region to", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "68 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1721.\\nan immense size, excited of course an eager desire to obtain\\nlarge grants of land.\\nHitherto there had been no legal determination of the\\nboundary line between Massachusetts and New-Hampshire.\\nPeople who lived near the supposed line, were sometimes taxed\\nby both the officers of both were perplexed with conflicting\\nclaims of jurisdiction, and occasionally imprisoned each other.\\nAt a meeting in 1719 of Commissioners from the two Provin-\\nces, New-Hampshire contended for the establishment of a\\nline beginning at a point three miles north of the mouth of the\\nMerrimack, and extending thence in a due west course as far\\nas to the western boundary of Massachusetts. Happily for this\\nState, Massachusetts rejected a proposition far more favorable\\nto her interests than the decision in which she was finally\\nobliged to acquiesce, and the business remained for many\\nyears unsettled.\\nOn the night of the 17th of December, an unusual appear-\\nance in the heavens filled the people of New-England with\\nalarm. It was the Aurora Borealis or Northern Lights, a\\nphenomenon which before this date had been noticed in Eu-\\nrope, but was new to the people of this country. No wonder\\nthose streaks and sheets of flame, now of dazzling brightness\\nand then of a bloody red, were terrible to eyes which beheld\\nthem for the first time. By many they were thought to be\\nharbingers either of war and desolation, or of the day of\\nJudgment. They are now seen with as little apprehension\\nas a rainbow or an eclipse.\\nA portion of New-England was seriously distressed in\\n1721, by the prevalence of the small pox, chiefly in Boston\\nand its vicinity, where five or six thousand persons took it\\nthe natural way, of whom some hundreds died. For the first\\ntime, inoculation was now introduced into the country. The\\nRev. Cotton Mather had seen some account of the success of\\nthis practice in Turkey, and recommended it to the physi-\\ncians of whom none had the courage to adopt it except Dr.\\nBoylston, who tried the experiment in his own family. His\\nsuccess encouraged others to follow the example, and the\\npractice was warmly supported by the clergy. It met how-\\never with violent opposition the prejudices of the people\\nbeing at one time so strong against it, that it was deemed un-\\nsafe for Dr. Boylston to go out of his house at night. Many\\nwere of opinion that if any whom he inoculated should die,\\nhe ought to be treated as a murderer. But these mists of\\nprejudice gradually fled away before the lights of experience,", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "1722.] period v.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1713\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1741. 69\\nand the practice finally obtained general currency and appro-\\nbation.\\nEvery attempt to conciliate the Eastern Indans had prov-\\ned unavailing. For some time they had exhibited threatening\\nindications of hostility, stealing and killing the cattle of their\\nEnglish neighbors and burning stacks of hay. Some of the\\npeople had been compelled to abandon their habitations and\\nretire to places of safety. Scouting parties were sent east-\\nward under the command of Col. Walton of Somersworth,\\nwhose presence imposed on the savages some restraint.\\nSebastian Ralle, a French Jesuit, a man of learning, address,\\nand insinuating manners, who had long resided at Norridg-\\nwock had acquired over the sons of the forest a commanding\\ninfluence. With him the Governor of Canada held corres-\\npondence, and was able through the medium of his influence\\nto direct them at pleasure. Aware that. Ralle was a chief\\ninstigator of these troubles, the government sent in the depth\\nof the winter of 1721 a considerable force under Col. West*\\nbrook to sieze him; but he discovered their approach in\\nseason to make his escape into the woods. Though they\\nmissed his person, they obtained his strong box of papers,\\nfurnishing ample proof that notwithstanding it was a time of\\npeace between England and France, the Governor of Canada\\nhad been active in exciting the Indians to hostilities. The\\nbox is of ingenious construction and is still preserved as a\\ncuriosity. Provoked at this attempt on the Jesuit, w horn they\\ngreatly venerated, the savages in the course of the next sum-\\nmer attacked several fishing vessels on the eastern shore, and\\ndestroyed Brunswick in Maine on which war was declared\\nagainst them in July, 1722, and a bounty offered for scalps.\\nNew-Hampshire made common cause with Massachusetts\\nand furnished her full proportion of troops and commanders,\\namong whom were Walton, Wcstbrook, Penhallow, and es-\\npecially Lovewell of Dunstable.\\nThe administration of Gov. Shute was on the whole accep-\\ntable to the people of this Province. Not so in Massachusetts,\\nwhere he was engaged in a long and embittered controversy\\nwith the House of Representatives. His instructions from\\nEngland required him to demand the settlement on the Gov-\\nernor of a fixed and permanent salary which they declined\\nto vote, on the apprehension that it would render him too\\nindependent of the people. Shute pressed the subject perti-\\nnaciously, but they were firm in the refusal. Though a man\\nof an humane disposition, yet his feelings were irritable\\nhaving been used to military command, he could not bear", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "70 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1724\\nto be thwarted, and found his situation so uncomfortable that\\nearly in 1723 he returned to England with heavy complaints\\nagainst Massachusetts. On his departure Lieut. Gov. Went-\\nworth became Commander in Chief in a critical emergency,\\nand conducted the affairs of the Province with great wisdom\\nand fidelity through the perplexing scenes of the three years\\nwar.\\nIn the ensuing summer the Indians began to annoy the\\nNew-Hampshire settlements. In the course of that and the\\ntwo succeeding seasons, several families in Dover, Durham,\\nKingston, and Chester, were called to mourn the slaughter\\nor captivity of friends. Londonderry was extremely expos-\\ned, but happily escaped an attack. Tradition ascribes its\\nexemption to the following circumstance the Rev. Mr.\\nMcGregore addressed a letter to the Governor of Canada,\\ninforming him that the settlers of that town were lately ar-\\nrived from Ireland, and soliciting on their behalf his friendly\\ninterposition which induced the Governor, who hastily in-\\nferred that they were Irish Catholics, between whom and the\\nFrench existed a strong sympathy, to order the Indians to\\nspare the place.\\nCapt. Baker of North Hampton, Mass., led a party of thirty\\nfour men up the Connecticut river, crossed the height of\\nland and passed down a river which led him to the Pemige-\\nwasset in Plymouth, N. H. where he discovered a party of\\nIndians. The whole surrounding region was then a vast\\nwilderness. A battle immediately ensued, in which without\\nthe loss of a man he destroyed them all. The Indian Com-\\nmander was Waltemummus. He and Baker fired at each\\nother the same instant the ball of the savage grazed his\\neyebrow, while his ball passed through the Indian s breast,\\nwho made a leap from the ground and instantly fell dead.\\nBaker found in their weekwam a large quantity of valuable\\nfurs, of which he took what his men could carry off and\\ndestroyed the remainder. The river down which he passed\\nto the Pemigewasset, flowing through the towns of Went-\\nworth, Runmey, and Plymouth, has ever since borne his\\nname.\\nIt was determined to make another effort to sieze Ralle,\\nwho continued to incite the Indians to the work of devasta-\\ntion. Captains Harman and Moulton of Maine, each at the\\nhead of a company of an hundred men, marched for Nor-\\nridgwock in August, 1724, came upon the village by surprise,\\nkilled about eighty of the savages, and destroyed the catholic\\nchapel. Ralle was found in a weekwam where he defended", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "1724.] period v.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1713\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1741. 7]\\nhimself with great intrepidity, till, overpowered by number?.\\nhe fell. Before his fall lie committed an act of barbarous\\ncruelty by stabbing an English lad, who had been under his\\ncare as a prisoner. He was a man of extensive attainments,\\nespecially in languages, of which he understood several and\\nleft behind him a Manuscript. Dictionary of the Abankis lan-\\nguage, now in the library of Harvard University.\\nIn September a band of thirty Indians surprised two men\\nat Nashua, and carried them off as prisoners. As soon as an\\nalarm could be given, eleven of the inhabitants followed them\\nup the Merrimac. At the brook near Thornton s ferry, then\\ncalled Lutwytche s, they unwarily fell into an ambuscade,\\nand withthe exception of Lieut. Farwell, were all killed. A\\nparty of their townsmen recovered the dead bodies and\\ninterred them in the burying ground at Dunstable.\\nFor the protection of their western settlements, the govern-\\nment of Massachusetts erected this year on the west bank of\\nthe Connecticut, within the present limits of Vermont, and\\nnear the southwestern corner of New-Hampshire, a strong\\nfort, which was named Fort Dummer.\\nThe death of an Indian who was killed in the course of\\nthis brief war, was attended with circumstances which exci-\\nted considerable interest. He was one of a party of three\\nwho were prowling in the woods near Durham. Two men\\nhaving discovered their packs and given notice of the fact,\\nundertook to guide a pursuing company to the spot. As the\\ntwo went in advance of the others, they fell into an ambus-\\ncade and were both killed. The company then fired upon\\nthe enemy, killing one of the number the others though\\nseverely wounded, escaped, marking their tracks for some\\ndistance with their blood. The slain Indian was splendidly\\nequipped to his scarlet coronet were attached four little bells,\\nby the sound of which his men could follow him in the\\nwoods his hair w r as soft and fine a devotional book and a\\nmuster roll, were found on his person. He was supposed to\\nhave been a person of the first rank; the most probable conjec-\\nture is, that he belonged to the family of Castine, a French\\ngentleman of distinction, w T ho had married an Indian woman,\\none of whose sons was recognized by the Penobscots as their\\nprincipal chief.\\nBy the brilliant success of Harman and Moulton, together\\nwith the large bounty on scalps, a stimulus w r as given to the\\nformation of volunteer scouting parties who traversed the\\nwoods, in some instances as far as to the White Mountains, in\\nquest of Indians. They found but few, the terror of the", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "72 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1725.\\nNorridgwock exploit having induced them to retire from their\\nvillages and accustomed places of fishing and hunting, into\\nthe deep recesses of the forest. A volunteer company from\\nDunstable commanded by Capt. John Lovewell, remarkable\\nfor their enterprise, gallantly, and tragical disaster at last,\\ngained a celebrity so pre-eminent, that the war itself took its\\ndistinguishing appellation from Lovewell s name. Tradition\\nreports that he once led a scout into the region now forming\\nthe eastern part of the County of Sullivan, where he gained\\nsome advantage over the enemy and the circumstance of a\\nmountain in Washington, near which this adventure is said\\nto have happened, bearing his name, imparts to the account\\nsome degree of credibility. Of three of his expeditions we\\nhave authentic records. The first, into the region north of\\nthe Winnepiseogee, had no very important results. In his\\nsecond he discovered a track which conducted him to an en-\\ncampment of ten Indians, asleep on the margin of a pond in\\nWakefield, whom he killed. On his return in triumph with\\ntheir scalps, the bounty money amounted to quite a handsome\\nsum.\\nWith forty-six men, he left Dunstable in April, 1725, on\\nhis third and last expedition, of which the disastrous issue\\nfilled the Province with the most poignant sorrow. His object\\nwas to attack the principal village of the Pequawketts, within\\nthe present bounds of Fryburg, Maine. Arriving on the\\nwest shore of Ossipee Lake, he built a stockade, in which he\\nleft a sick soldier with the surgeon and a guard of eight men.\\nWith the residue of his company he came near Pequawkett\\nand encamped for the night. At their morning devotions they\\nheard the report of a gun, and discovered an Indian standing\\nat some distance on a point of land projecting into a pond.\\nImagining that other Indians were near, they left their packs\\nand marched forward to attack them; but found only the Indian\\nwho had stood on the point, returning homeward with his\\nfowling pieces and some game, who after firing and wound-\\ning Lovewell, was himself slain. In the mean time a strong\\nparty of the enemy under the celebrated chiefs, Paugus and\\nWahwa, returning from a scout, fell in with the track of the\\nEnglish, which conducted them to the spot where their packs\\nwere deposited on counting which they ascertained then-\\nnumber to be less than their own, and immediately formed an\\nambush to take them by surprise. On the return of Lovewell s\\nmen for their packs, the Indians rose up from their lurking-\\nplace, rushed upon them with their accustomed yells, and\\nkilled the Captain and eight of his company on the spot.", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "1725.] period v.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1713\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1741. 73\\nThe survivors retreated to the shore of the pond, whore,\\nsheltered hy a rocky point of land and some large pines, they\\nkept the enemy at bay for some hours and finally compelled\\nthem to draw off. When the shattered remnant of this gallant\\nband collected themselves together for retreat, they found\\nthree of their number so badly wounded as to be unable to\\nmove from the bloody field, whom with the deepest grief they\\nleft behind eleven others wounded, but able to march and\\nonly nine unhurt. They began their march at the rising of\\nthe moon, and in the course of their return Lieut. Farwell,\\nthe Rev. Mr. Fry of Andover, their Chaplain, a young Cler-\\ngyman of estimable character, and one other person perished\\nin the woods for want of dressings for their wounds.\\nFor the numbers engaged, this was among the most des-\\ntructive rencontres that had occurred in New-England.\\nIt was disastrous to the Indians, who lost their leader\\nand many of their best warriors. Not long after the battle,\\nCol. Tyng of Dunstable went to the spot with an armed force\\nand buried the bodies of the slain, inscribing on the surroun-\\nding trees their names. He found some Indian graves which\\nhe opened, and among the disinterred bodies recognized that\\nof the Chief Paugus, who was said to have fallen by a shot\\nfrom one Chamberlain.\\nDuring these occurrences three agents were sent into Can-\\nada, to complain of the conduct of the French authorities in\\nfurnishing arms and supplies to the Indians in a time of peace\\nbetween England and France, and to obtain a release of the\\ncaptives. Two of the Agents were from Massachusetts the\\nthird was Theodore Atkinson of New-Castle, N. H\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a young\\nman fast rising into eminence. He was the son of the Hon.\\nTheodore Atkhison, a merchant and a Counsellor, who had\\ndied some years before. The French Governor, the Marquis\\nde Vaudreuil, received them politely, but denied the charge\\nof having excited the savages to war on which Atkinson\\nproduced his correspondence with Ralle, furnishing ample\\nproof of his hostile agency. This somewhat confused him\\nbut he palliated his conduct by accusing the English of\\ntreating them with injustice and oppression. Few of the\\ncaptives were released at that time, and for those few an\\nexhorbitant ransom was demanded. The Governor however\\npromised to interpose his influence to dispose the Indians to\\npeace, and the commission was not without a beneficial\\nresult.\\nIn September a marauding party of the enemy entered\\nDover and concealed themselves in a barn, where they found\\nG", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "74 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1726.\\nan opportunity to kill two persons and wound another. This\\nwas John Evans a profuse flow of blood from the wound\\nmade them think he was dead, and they stripped and scalped\\nhim without offering any additional violence. After they had\\nleft him he arose, and walked naked and bloody to an\\nhouse, and to the astonishment of all recovered. This trag-\\nedy wound up the scenes of the war. An Indian hostage\\nwho had been confined in Boston, and been permitted\\nto visit his friends on parole, returned with pacific proposals,\\nwhich led to an invitation to the principal Chiefs to repair to\\nthat place, where, at the close of the year a treaty was con-\\ncluded and an era of peace restored.\\nThe cessation of war gave Massachusetts and New-Hamp-\\nshire leisure to resume their discussions relative to the\\nboundary lines. Massachusetts continued to assert her Charter\\nclaim to all the lands lying south and west of a line, beginning\\nat a point three miles north of the mouth of the Merrimac,\\nthence running west and north at the same distance of three\\nmiles from the river, to a point three miles beyond the parallel\\nof the junction of the Winnepiseogee and Pemigewasset, in\\nthe present township of Sanbornton thence due west to\\nthe Connecticut: a claim which covered far the greater part of\\nthe Counties of Hillsborough, Merrimac, and Sullivan, and\\nthe whole of Cheshire. Aware that this construction of her\\nCharter might be overruled by the King, her government was\\nanxious to secure at least the property of these lands, should\\nher pretensions to the jurisdiction be set aside. Influenced\\nby such views, Massachusetts made grants of the townships\\nof Concord and Pembroke in 1726 and in the course of a\\nfew subsequent years, of Amherst, Bedford, New-Boston,\\nHopkinton, Boscawen, Hillsborough, Keene, Swanzey and\\nPeterboro New-Hampshire sent a Committee to Concord\\nto forbid the surveyors employed by the rival Province in\\nlaying out the lands, to proceed in that business and desirous\\nof securing at least the property of the lands within her ac-\\nknowledged jurisdiction, made grants of Epsom, Chichester,\\nBarnstead, Canterbury, Gilmanton and Bow. The last named\\ntownship being Avithin the limits claimed by Massachusetts,\\nwas probably granted by New-Hampshire as a practical asser-\\ntion of her own claim to the territory in dispute. As the\\nemigration of the Penacooks to the confines of Canada, had\\nremoved the obstacles arising from the vicinity of hostile\\nneighbors, the settlement of Concord was commenced in\\n1727 not long after, scattering settlers planted themselves all\\nalong the banks of the Merrimac from Dunstable to Boscawen", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "1727.] period v.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1713\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1741. 75\\nand somewhat later, at Ilollis, Amherst, Winchester, Keene,\\nand Swanzey.\\nOf the immigrants who established themselves on the\\nMerrimac and its western tributaries the greater part were\\nfrom Massachusetts. They constituted a third class of the\\ninhabitants those on the Pascataqua making the first, and\\nthe Scottish settlers at Londonderry the second. Many years\\nafterwards a fourth class was added to the number, consisting\\nof immigrants from Connecticut, who planted themselves on\\nthe east bank of the river of that name. The Pascataqua,\\nLondonderry, Merrimac, and Connecticut divisions of our\\npopulation have exhibited, each one, down to this day, certain\\npeculiarities, intellectual, moral, social and political, sufficiently\\nindicative of the characteristics of its original. If the pecu-\\nliarities of former generations in point of maimers, customs,\\nand modes of thinking, so long display their influence on their\\ndescendants, how immensely important that the great princi-\\nples of religious truth and an attachment to correct moral\\nhabits be deeply impressed on the minds of the young.\\nTrain up a child in the way he should go, is a dictate not\\nless of sound wisdom than of christian piety.\\nThe year last named is memorable on account of the second\\ngreat earthquake that had shaken New-England. It happened\\non the evening of the twenty-ninth of October, about ten\\no clock. The atmosphere was calm, the sky cloudless, and\\nthe moon walking in her brightness. The shock extended\\nover a tract of some hundred miles in extent, shaking the\\nbuildings, throwing down the tops of chimneys, and making\\nin some places clefts in the earth. No lives were lost. This\\nevent excited serious reflections in many a breast, and was\\nfollowed in some of the towns by an improvement of morals,\\nan increase of piety, and considerable accessions to the\\nchurches.\\nUnder the royal Government the same Assembly was often\\ncontinued in existence for several years; being convened,\\nprorogued, and dissolved at the pleasure of the Governor.\\nThe Assembly had now subsisted for five years, when it was\\ndissolved of course by the death of King George I. Writs\\nof Election were issued in the name of George II. for a new\\nAssembly, which met near the close of the year. This infre-\\nquency of elections, which rendered the Representatives too\\nindependent of the people and subtracted from popular opin-\\nion much of its just weight in the government, was deemed\\na grievance and efforts were made to obtain an act limiting\\nthe duration of the present and all future Assemblies to three", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "76 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. ]1730.\\nyears. Lieut. Gov. Wentworth was disposed to give his as-\\nsent, and an act to this effect called the Triennial Act, was\\ncarried through both branches of the Legislature. This gave\\nthe people great satisfaction, and was regarded as imparting\\nadditional security to their rights.\\nAnother change in the frame of the government was at-\\ntempted, but not with the like success. Hitherto the Governor\\nand Council had not only constituted a distinct branch of the\\nLegislature, but had also exercised judicial powers, being a\\nCourt of Appeals whose decision was final except on an\\nappeal to the King. Unwilling that the Council should exer-\\ncise judicial as well as executive and legislative powers,\\nespecially as they decided causes without jury, the House of\\nRepresentatives wished to repeal those acts which recognized\\nthem as a Court of Appeals. The Council resisted the prop-\\nosition and when the controversy began to wax warm,\\nWentworth put an end to it by dissolving the Assembly. This\\nmeasure made him enemies and embittered the residue of his\\nadministration. A new Assembly, composed chiefly of the\\nsame persons as the past, being convened and having chosen\\nNathaniel Weare of Hampton, Speaker, the Lieut. Governor\\nnegatived the choice a power which had been claimed and\\nexercised by the royal Governors. Irritated by the negative,\\nthey called in question his power in this point, and did no\\nbusiness for some days. After they had reluctantly chosen\\nanother Speaker, the messages from the Chair and the an-\\nswers of the House exhibited an ill temper on both sides.\\nWilliam Burnet, distinguished for taste and literary ac-\\ncomplishments, arrived in Boston, 1728, with a commission\\nconstituting him Governor of Massachusetts and New-\\nHampshire. His administration was short and in relation to\\nthis Province, into which he came but once, unimportant.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nWith the General Court of Massachusetts he renewed the old\\ncontroversy on the subject of a permanent salary but died of\\na violent fever in a few months after his visit to Portsmouth.\\nHis successor as Governor was Jonathan Belcher, a native\\nand merchant of Boston, a man of unblemished reputation,\\nelegant manners, and ample fortune. Having after a short\\nvisit to New-Hampshire returned to Massachusetts in 1730,\\nhe made a discovery which resulted in a serious misunder-\\nstanding between himself and the Lieut. Governor. It was\\nthis: prior to his appointment as Governor, Wentworth,\\nnot knowing whether Gov. Shute who had been long absent,\\nwould return and resume the Chair, or Belcher be appointed\\nin his stead, had written complimentary letters to both. This", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "1730.] period v.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1713\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1741. 77\\nact the Governor regarded as deceptive raid dishonorable and\\nat his second visit manifested his resentment hy refusing an\\ninvitation to the Lieut. Governor s house, by requiring him to\\nquit all claims to salary except what Belcher might allow, and\\nremoving his family connections from their offices. If the\\nact in question were improper, the Governor certainly carried\\nhis resentment too far. Wentworth died soon after these\\nunpleasant occurrences but his sonBenning Wentworth, and\\nhis son in law Theodore Atkinson, who with their family\\nconnections wielded a powerful inilucncc, formed a party in\\nopposition to Belcher, the effect of whose enmity he after-\\nwards most sensibly felt.\\nTrifling causes are often productive of consequences the\\nmost important. From the misunderstanding, trivial as it may\\nseem, between Belcher and Wentworth, sprung that political\\nparty by whose exertions New-Hampshire obtained a separate\\nGovernor and a respectable extent of territory. Had it never\\noccurred, it is quite probable the boundary lines might have\\nbeen established far otherwise than they now are and not\\nimpossible that this Provice might finally have been reunited\\nwith Massachusetts.\\nThe character of Lieut. Gov, Wentworth presents many\\nexcellent traits. From his father, an exemplary Elder of the\\nchurch in Dover, he received a christian education which\\nexerted much influence on his subsequent life. For a time he\\nfollowed the seas and commanded a ship, in which he carefully\\nmaintained the morning and evening worship of God. As a\\nmerchant, his integrity, benevolence and public spirit pro-\\ncured him general esteem. He was charitable to the poor,\\ncourteous and affable to all, and attentive to the institutions\\nof religion. For the most part of a period of thirteen years,\\nsome of them marked with the perplexities of an Indian war\\nand a high degree of party excitement, he conducted the\\naffairs of the Province with singular wisdom and moderation\\nand with the exception of the controversy between him and\\nthe Assembly near the close of his administration, to the\\nsatisfaction of the people. He possessed their confidence and\\naffection while living, and carried with him their respect when\\nhe descended to the grave.\\nThe progress of New-Hampshire in population and wealth\\nwas somewhat tardy. Within her acknowledged limits there\\nwere not at this time more than 1900 dwelling houses and\\n10,000 inhabitants and that part of the Province granted and\\nclaimed by Massachusetts might perhaps contain three or four\\nthousand more. The amount of shipping engaged in the\\nG*", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "78 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1731.\\nforeign trade was about five hundred tons of seamen the\\nnumber was only forty the exports were fish and lumber, in\\nreturn for which were received English manufactures, West\\nIndia productions, and salt from Portugal. The revenue ari-\\nsing from customs and excise was less than \u00c2\u00a3400, while the\\nordinary expense of government was \u00c2\u00a31500, the deficien-\\ncy of the revenue being supplied by a tax on polls and estates.\\nDavid Dunbar, a native of Ireland and formerly a Colonel\\nin the British army, was appointed Lieut. Gov. of the Province\\nin 1731, and retained the office six years. He owed large\\ndebts to individuals in England, who favored his appointment\\nfrom the motive of facilitating the recovery of their claims.\\nHe had the office also of Surveyor of the King s woods,\\nwhich was of much greater pecuniary value than that of Lieut.^\\nGovernor. Coming here with no other views than those of\\nemolument, he was ready to follow the leadings of interest,\\nwhich pointed to an union with the party opposed to the Gov-\\nernor. That party aimed at the removal of Belcher from\\nhis office, at the settlement of the boundary lines in such a\\nmanner as would make New-Hampshire respectable in extent,\\nand at the appointment of a separate Governor who should\\nhave no connection with Massachusetts. Dunbar hoped by\\ntheir aid to obtain the appointment himself, with the desirable\\nadjunct of a handsome salary. He succeeded in obtaining\\nfor Benning Wentworth, Theodore Atkinson, and Joshua\\nPierce, a nomination to seats in the Council but the oppo-\\nsition of the Governor delayed the admission of the two first\\nto take the oath of office for a period of two years. In the\\nmean time, they were able as popular leaders in the House to\\nembarrass the measures of his administration.\\nBelcher was perfectly aware of the designs of his opponents,\\nand exerted himself, but without effect, to procure the recal of\\nDunbar for some reason or other the English ministry re-\\ntained him in office. He was not however admitted to a seat\\nin the Council; Shadrach Walton of New-Castle presided\\nover that Board in the absence of the Commander in Chief.\\nA very considerable party who had a preponderating influence\\nin the Council, was warmly attached to Gov. Belcher and to\\nMassachusetts, and would have preferred an amalgamation\\nwith that Province rather than see New-Hampshire placed\\nunder a separate Governor. They were indifferent to the\\nsettlement of the boundary lines, alledging that the ungranted\\nlands would be considered as belonging either to the King, or\\nthe heirs of Mason and in neither case would the people of\\nNew-Hampshire be allowed to participate in the property.", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "1735.] period v.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 171-5\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1741. 79\\nThe leading man of this party was Richard Waldron the\\nProvincial Secretary whose; lather, Col. Richard Waldron,\\nan eminent Merchant and Counsellor, had lately died, and\\nwhose grandfather was the celebrated Major Waldron, in old-\\nen times the most conspicuous character in the Province.\\nThe talents and virtues of Secretary Waldron sustained the\\nhigh respectability the family had possessed for almost a\\ncentury.\\nOf the two parties, that opposed to the Governor was the\\nmore powerful, and had the address to persuade the majority\\nof the people that it would be for the honor and interest of\\nNew-Hampshire to have no connection with Massachusetts\\nthat a portion of the waste lands would be granted to this\\nProvince and that the expense of obtaining a final settlement\\nof the lines would hardly exceed a pullet per man Influ-\\nenced by these views the House of Representatives, after one\\nmore ineffectual trial to accommodate the matter with the sis-\\nter Province, determined to refer it to the decision of the\\nKing. Without the concurrence of the Council they ap-\\npointed John Rindge, who was preparing to visit England on\\ncommercial business, their Agent to petition the King to es-\\ntablish the boundary lines. The petition was presented and\\nreferred to the Lords of Trade, and Rindge on his departure\\nfrom London in 1732 left the business in the hands of John\\nTomlinson, Esq., a shrewd, active, and persevering man, to\\nwhose unremitting exertions this State is indebted for a large\\nslice of its present territory. A more efficient Agent could\\nnot have been found. He employed as his solicitor a Mr.\\narris, who performed his part with much address and the\\ntwo proved an overmatch for the agents on the side of Mas-\\nsachusetts.\\nMr. Tomlinson was ready to promote the religious as well\\nas political interests of New-Hampshire. Several persons in\\nPortsmouth, attached to the liturgy and forms of the Episco-\\npal church, having undertaken to erect a chapel, he contribu-\\nted largely himself, and procured benefactions from others in\\nLondon, among whom was the Queen, who gave several folio\\nprayer books and a service of plute for the altar. In acknowl-\\nedgment of her bounty the building was called Queen s chapel.\\nA few years afterwards, the Rev. Arthur Browne became the\\nminister of this church, with an allowance of the greater part\\nof a salary from the Society in England for propogating the\\ngospel in foreign parts.\\nA severe check was given to the progress of population inl735\\nby the prevalence of the Malignant Throat Distemper, which", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "80 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1737.\\nbewail its ravages at Kingston, and gradually spread over this\\nand other British Provinces from Maine to Carolina. In little\\nmore than a year a thousand persons, chiefly children, died in\\nNew-Hampshire. Twenty families in Hampton Falls buried all\\ntheir children. The death of twenty thousand persons at this\\nday would be scarcely a greater mortality in proportion to the\\npresent population. This epidemic has revisited the country\\nat different times since, but with a virulence considerably di-\\nminished.\\nThe two political parties continued their dissensions with\\nincreasing animosity. Belcher, ardent in his feelings and\\nunguarded in expression, threw out many reflections on his\\nopponents, while on their part they were not wautiug in rep-\\nresenting him as indifferent to the King s interest, partial to\\nMassachusetts, opposed to the settlement of the lines, and\\nready to connive at the destruction of the King s timber on the\\nwaste lands. The letters of the leading partisans to their\\ncorrespondents in England were filled with mutual crimina-\\ntions. The Governor represented Dunbar as perfidious and\\nmalicious, a plague to the Governor aud a deceiver of the\\npeople, and not only excluded him from a seat in the Coun-\\ncil, but conferred on Walton the senior Counsellor, the\\nrommand of the fort and the granting of passes for ships and\\nof licenses for marriage powers which had been formerly\\nexercised by the Lieut. Governor, and which were the sources\\nof no inconsiderable part of his emoluments. Reduced by\\nthese measures to a state of insignificance, Dunbar retired into\\nMaine and was long absent from New-Hampshire.\\nNot only was he an object of suspicion to Belcher, but of\\ndislike to many of the people. As Surveyor General of the\\nKing s woods he had acted with extreme rigor, visiting the\\nsawmills, siezing and marking large quantities of timber, and\\nthen throwing on the owners the burden of proving their\\nproperty a procedure which exposed him to insults and in\\none instance excited a riot. His unpopularity notwithstanding,\\nhe was courted by the party opposed to the Governor, un-\\nder the impression that his influnece with the English Ministry\\nmight aid in procuring for New-Hampshire the appointment\\nof another Governor. Full of the hope of obtaining the ap-\\npointment for himself, he returned in 1737 to England, but\\nwas there imprisoned by his old creditors. By the interference\\nof Tomlinson he was liberated but not having sufficient\\ninfluence to obtain the office he sought, he never returned to\\nAmerica. After a few years he was appointed Governor of", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "1740] period v.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1713\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1741. 81\\nthe Island of St. Helena, since so celebrated as the prison of\\nNapoleon Bournaparte.\\nTomlinson in the mean time supported the petition of\\nNew-Hampshire with all his address, and obtained a royal\\norder constituting a Board of Commissioners, to be selected\\nfrom the Counsellors of the neighboring Provinces, with pow-\\ner to settle the contested lines. This Board met at Hampton,\\nAugust, 1737 and in a few days the Assemblies of the two\\ncontending Provinces met in the same neighborhood, that of\\nMassachusetts at Salisbury and that of New-Hampshire at\\nHampton Falls. At the head of two Provinces, each jealous\\nof the designs of the other, the Governor had a part to act of\\nno little delicacy. Massachusetts not only asserted her right\\nto all the lands south and west of a line drawn three miles\\nfrom the left bank of the Merrimac up to the confluence of\\nits two main branches, but also contended that the eastern\\nboundary of New-Hampshire should be a line drawn from\\nthe mouth of the Pascataqua to the source of the Salmon\\nFalls branch, and then due north-west, which would have cut\\noff from New-Hampshire small portions of Strafford and\\nGrafton, and almost the whole of Coos County. New-Hamp-\\nshire claimed for her southern boundary a line drawn due\\nwest from a point three miles north of the mouth of the\\nMerrimac and for her eastern, a line passing up the Pascata-\\nqua to the source of Salmon Falls river, and thence north one\\nor two degrees west. After an infinity of pleas, replications,\\nrejoinders, exceptions, and protests, the Commissioners agreed\\non a result which established the eastern line as it now runs,\\nbut left the southern undetermined.\\nIt was seen by all parties that this protracted controversy\\ncould be brought to a close only by a royal decision. The\\nAgents of bothProvinces submitted to the King their respec-\\ntive claims; the petition of appeal on the part of this\\nProvince was drawn up by Parris, in which he artfully rep-\\nresented the poor, little, loyal, distressed Province of New-\\nHampshire as in danger of being devoured by the vast,\\nopulent, overgrown Province of Massachusetts. A decision\\nwas not obtained till 1740, when the king terminated the dis-\\npute more favorably for New-Hampshire than she had ever\\nventured to anticipate, and established the eastern and south-\\nern lines as they now run. The substitution of the present\\nsouthern line in lieu of one running due west from a point\\nthree miles north of the mouth of the Merrimac, gave New-\\nHampshire a territory of fifty miles in length, by fourteen in\\nbreadth more than she had ever claimed.", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "82 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1740.\\nTo Massachusetts this result was extremely mortifying.\\nIn the whole management of the affair, her agents had been\\naltogether surpassed in point of dexterity and address, by\\nthose of this Province. This however was not the only rea-\\nson of her failure her inflexible refusal to settle a permanent\\nsalary on the royal Governors had excited in England a spirit\\nof resentment, and awakened in the Ministry a jealousy that\\nshe was aiming at independence. From these feelings arose\\na disposition to punish her obstinacy and cramp her ambition,\\nby diminishing her extent and importance.\\nThe next year the lines were run and marked. From the\\nocean to a station three miles north of Patucket Falls, the\\nline was surveyed by George Mitchell. Richard Hazen began\\nat that station, forming a corner of Pelham, and marked the\\nline running west across the Connecticut river to the suppo-\\nsed boundary of New-York. Walter Bryant marked the\\nEast line from the head of Salmon Falls river about thirty\\nmiles, when the difficulties of travelling in the wilderness and\\nsome fears of the Indians induced him to desist.\\nWhile this important affair had been pending in England,\\nthe opponents of Gov. Belcher had not intermitted\\ntheir efforts to effect his removal. In one instance the\\nbase arts of forgery were employed against him. A letter\\nwas sent to England purporting to have been written by some\\nof the people of Exeter, accusing him of having encouraged\\nthem to cut the king s timber, by a promise of screening them\\nfrom prosecution. The forgery was indeed detected, but not\\ntill it had produced an impression unfavorable to his charac-\\nter. A petition was forwarded, signed by several leading men\\nin Portsmouth, charging him with suffering the Fort in the\\nharbor of Pascataqua to fall into ruin, neglecting the disci-\\npline of the Militia, and hindering the prosperity and growth\\nof the Province. These attacks had subjected him in 1739 to\\na reprimand from the king but having some powerful friends\\namong the Lords in office, he stood his ground awhile longer.\\nHis friends in this Province made all the efforts in their pow-\\ner to support him, and procured the signatures of 500 of the\\ninhabitants to a petition for his continuance in office. But a\\nstill greater number petitioned for his removal, and the Assem-\\nbly passed a resolution of disapprobation of his administration.\\nHis friends, particularly the inhabitants of the new towns\\nsettled by people from Massachusetts, attached as they were\\nto their former government and institutions, would have gladly\\nseen New-Hampshire annexed to that Province, and petitioned", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "1741.] period v.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1713\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1741. 83\\nto that effect, but without success. The British Government\\nin 1741 removed him from the Chair.\\nHe immediately repaired to England, and was able to exhi-\\nbit such convincing proofs of his own integrity and of the\\nmisrepresentations of his opposers, as in a great measure ef-\\nfaced all unfavorable impressions and he soon obtained the\\nappointment of Governor of New-Jersey. In that Province\\nhe passed his remaining days in peace, and his memory is\\nheld there in high respect. Of Princeton College he was a\\nFounder and liberal Benefactor. It is now generally admitted\\nthat his difficulties in Massachusetts and New-Hampshire\\narose from a warm and quick temper, and not from any want\\nof integrity. His religious character possessed much excel-\\nlence no man more carefully redeemed time from the\\nbusiness of the world for the study of the Holy Scriptures,\\nand the performance of the various duties of Christian devo-\\ntion.\\nFrom the close of the short administration of Governor\\nAllen in 1G99, through a period of more than forty years,\\nMassachusetts and New-Hampshire, though each had its sep-\\narate Lieutenant Governor and Legislative Assembly, had\\nbeen placed under the administration of the same Governor.\\nAs he generally resided at Boston, this arrangement made\\nNew-Hampshire a kind of appendage to Massachusetts, and\\nhad become disagreeable to the people. The enlargement of\\ntheir territory, population and wealth, by the settlement of\\nthe boundary lines, gave them a higher sense of their own\\npolitical importance and in anticipation of this result they\\nhad for some time been desirous to have a separate Governor\\nof their own. It was now determined in England to gratify\\ntheir wishes, and Benning Wentworth of Portsmouth, the\\nwarmest opponent of Belcher, received the appoint-\\nment of Governor and Commander in Chief of New-\\nHampshire. He was a son of the former Lieut. Governor\\nWentworth, a reputable merchant, and a favorite with a ma-\\njority of the people. With civil life he had been quite con-\\nversant as a Representative and Member of the Council.\\nThe series of incidents which paved his way to the chair\\nis quite interesting. He had contracted with a Spanish officer\\nto furnish a large quantity of oak timber, to the amount of\\n50,000 or 60,000 dollars but on the delivery of it in Spain,\\nthe officer with whom he had contracted was out of place,\\nand his successor declined to make payment. This disap-\\npointment was followed by the disaster of a shipwreck as he\\nwas returning home, and he with others was saved in a boat.", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "84 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1741\\nReduced to bankruptcy and repulsed in an application to the\\nSpanish government for redress, he laid before the British\\nministry his wrongs and misfortunes. The appeal procured\\nhim their sympathy, and together with his popularity and the\\nrank of his family, backed by the influence of Tomlinson,\\ninduced them to appoint him to the Chief Magistracy of his\\nnative Province. Invested with this honorable office he ar-\\nrived at Portsmouth after a long absence, near the close of\\n1741, and was received with great cordiality and respect.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThe Assembly granted him a handsome salary and not long\\nafter, Dunbar was prevailed on by a valuable consideration\\nto resign in his favor the office of Surveyor General of the\\nKing s woods, the emoluments of which made a large addi-\\ntion to his income. In consideration of those appointments,\\nhe was required to relinquish his claim on the Spanish Gov-\\nernment.\\nThe fact that no public crcecution took place here for a\\nperiod of almost 120 years, gives a favorable impression of\\nthe early state of morals. Two women were executed at\\nPortsmouth near the close of this period for the crime of\\nmurder the first occurrence of the kind in the Province.\\nIn the course of the twenty-eight years sketched in this\\nChapter, the community lost by death, in addition to Love-\\nwell^ Col. Richard Waldron, and Lieut. Gov. Wentworth,\\nalready named as deceased, other distinguished members.\\nThe Rev. Nathaniel Rogers, the second Pastor of the first\\nChurch in Portsmouth died in 1723, greatly beloved of whom\\nhis people were accustomed to speak as the good Mr. Rog-\\ners He was the sixth in lineal descent from John Rogers,\\nthe well known martyr in the reign of Queen Mary. In 1726\\ndied Samuel Peuhallow, who had been Provincial Treasurer\\nand Chief Justice of the Superior Court. His History of\\nIndian Wars has been useful to subsequent historians, and his\\nhospitality, charity, and piety rendered his character respecta-\\nble. Doctor Thomas Packer, who was not only the principal\\nPhysician and Surgeon of his day, but also Judge of Probate\\nand Counsellor, deceased in 17*28 and in 1734, the Rev.\\nJohn Emerson, the first Pastor of the second Congregational\\nChurch in Portsmouth, who used to deliver a commemorative\\ndiscourse in each year after the great earthquake of 1717, on\\nthe anniversary of its occurrence a circumstance indicative\\nof the strong impression it made on the public mind. John\\nRindge, the late Provincial Agent in England, whose efforts\\nhad contributed much to the final settlement of the boundary\\nlines, died in 1740.", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "PERIOD VI.\\nFROM THE SETTLEMENT OF THE BOUNDARY LINES AND THE\\nACCESSION OF BENNING WENTWORTH TO THE CHAIR IN 1741,\\nTO THE CLOSE OF THE SECOND FRENCH WAR IN 1763.\\nTo the party who had obtained the recal of his predecessor,\\nthe accession of Gov. Wentworth was a triumph. As might\\nhave been expected, among his first measures were numerous\\nand important changes among the office-holders. Secretary\\nWaldron was suspended from his seat in the Council and\\nremoved from his other offices being succeeded as Secretary\\nby Theodore Atkinson, and as Judge of Probate by Andrew\\nWiggin. Most of the offices of consequence were bestowed\\non the kindred and connections of the Governor such indeed\\nwas the accumulation of office and power in his family, that\\nthe Government of New-Hampshire during his administration\\nand that of his nephew and successor, has been styled, not\\nunfitly, A Family Government.\\nThis period is memorable as the date of a remarkable\\nattention to religion which overspread most of the northern\\nProvinces. It began some years before at North Hampton,\\nMs. under the ministry of President Edwards, and extended\\ngradually through Massachusetts, Connecticut, and sections of\\nNew-York, New-Jersey and Pennsylvania. It was at its\\nheight in 1742. Two years before this date, that eloquent and\\nsuccessful itinerant, the Rev. George Whitfield, came into\\nthis region by invitation of the ministers of Boston, and\\npreached in various parts of the country. He visited this\\nProvince and preached with his usual acceptance and success.\\nPerhaps no uninspired preacher ever possessed such power\\nover the feelings of his auditors, or was attended by such\\nmultitudes as he sometimes addressed in the fields, no building\\nbeing large enough to contain them. His ministry aroused to\\nserious reflection numbers who had before been thoughtless\\nand inattentive hearers, and large additions were made to\\nII", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "36 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1744,\\nraany of the churches. Though extravagancies on the part\\nof some individuals attended this remarkable scene, especially\\nin the southern parts of New-England, yet it is certain great\\ngood was done many places exhibited a new moral aspect\\nand multitudes who then received their first religious impres-\\nsions, gave ample evidence of the genuineness of their piety by\\nthe usefulness, benevolence, and integrity of their subsequent\\nconduct. Mr. Whitfield, who was a native of England,\\ncrossed the Atlantic several times, and probably labored more\\nindefatigably than almost any other man since the Apostolic\\nage. His ministry excited not less attention in Britain than\\nin this country. He confined his preaching to the plain truths\\nof the Bible, which he stated with such clearness and enforced\\nwith such power, as to be the means of communicating the\\npure principles of religion to thousands on both sides of the\\nAtlantic. Many who came to his meetings strongly prejudiced\\nagainst him, went away with altered views of their own char-\\nacter and of the importance of Christianity. His character\\nwas happily drawn by the poet Cowper\\nHe loved the world that hated him the tear\\nThat dropp d upon his Bible, was sincere\\nAssailed by scandal and the tongue of strife,\\nHis only answer was a blameless life.\\nWar had existed for some time between England and Spain,\\nand it had been anticipated that France, attached to Spain by\\nthe relationship of their royal families, would be likely to\\nbecome a party engaged. This expectation was realized in\\n1744, when a declaration of war on the part of England against\\nFrance again involved this country in hostilities with the\\nCanadians and Indians. Duquesnel, the French Governor of\\nLouisburg in the Island of Cape Breton, attacked and destroyed\\nthe English settlement at Canseau, and menaced their posts\\nin Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. This early disaster led\\nthe Colonists to percieve that Louisburg, in the hands of an\\nactive enemy would be a source of perpetual alarm to the\\ncommerce, fisheries, and settlements of all the eastern shores,\\nand inspired them with a strong wish for its reduction. It\\nhad been fortified at a vast expense by the labors of twenty-\\nfive years, and was extremely well situated for the purpose of\\nannoying the New-England trade. A plan for its capture\\nwas conceived by William Vaughan, an enterprising merchant\\nof Portsmouth and son of the former Lieut. Gov. Vaughan\\nand was adopted and matured chiefly by Gov. Shirley of", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "1745.] period vi.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1741\u00e2\u0080\u0094 17f 3. 87\\nMassachusetts, who had succeeded Belcher in the Chair of\\nthat Province. He communicated it to the General Court in\\nBoston under an oath of secrecy, who niter a warm debate\\napproved it hy a majority of only one.\\nAt a meeting of the New-Hampshire Assembly in January.\\n1745, he disclosed the scheme to that body, and found it\\nwarmly seconded both by them and by Gov. Wentworth.\\nThey immediately raised 450 men, of whom 800 were formed\\ninto a regiment of eight companies under Col. Samuel Moore\\nthe others were attached to one of the Massachusetts regi-\\nments. Mr. Samuel Langdon, afterwards a minister of\\nPortsmouth and President of Harvard College, went as\\nChaplain of the New-Hampshire troops. The combined\\nforces of the four New-England Colonies made up a large\\nbody, the whole commanded by Col. William Pepperell of\\nKitterv, Maine, one of the most popular men of the day.\\nAt his request the celebrated Mr. Whitfield, being then in this\\ncountry, gave to be inscribed on the flag a motto it was this\\nNU desperandum, Christo duce. Having been joined on\\nthe passage by several British men of war under Commodore\\nWarren, the troops arrived at their destination in April, effected\\na landing and invested the place. Such was the inexperience\\nin military affairs of both officers and men, that the scene\\nwas said to have resembled rather the disorder of a College\\nCommencement than the regular operations of a disciplined\\narmy. To many, it was matter of wonder that the army was\\npreserved from destruction. But the French had been taken\\nby surprise, and the garrison was in almost a mutinous state\\nat the delay of their pay. Could their officers have depended\\non the men, they might have easily surprised the Provincial\\ncamp and put numbers to the sword. Disunited among them-\\nselves, and disheartened at the capture by the English of a\\nlarge store ship from France richly laden with supplies for the\\ngarrison, they surrendered the city in June. On entering\\nand beholding the strength of the fortifications, the victors were\\nastonished at their own success The event filled America\\nwith joy, and even in Europe it was regarded as a capital\\nexploit for next to Quebec, Louisburg was the strongest hold\\nof the French in the western hemisphere. While the services\\nof the civil officers who matured the plan, and of the military\\nand naval commanders who executed it, were amply requited\\nby the British government\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Vaughan,the original projector,re-\\nceived no adequate reward, and died the next year in London.\\nF The import is, With the help of Christ nothing is impossible.", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "SB HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1746.\\nThe progress of population had much enlarged the extent\\nof the settlements, and a force proportionally increased was\\nnecessary for their protection. A line drawn from Rochester\\nand Barrington, to Boscawen and Concord thence through\\nHopkinton, Hillsboro and Peterboro to Keene, Swanzey,\\nWinchester, and Hinsdale, then constituted the frontier line.\\nThe whole region north of it, with the exception of small\\nopenings at Westmoreland and Charlestown, occupied by a\\nfew families, was a gloomy forest a fit lurking place for\\nsavages. On the west hank of the Connecticut, opposite to\\nHinsdale and within the present limits of Brattleboro was\\nFort Dummer, originally built and garrisoned by Massachu-\\nsetts. The settlement of the line left it within the limits of\\nNew-Hampshire, then supposed to extend westward beyond\\nthe Green Mountains. Though urged to do it by Gov.\\nWentworth, her Assembly declined to support the Fort, on the\\nplea of their poverty, its distance from the towns granted by\\nthem, and the deep interest Massachusetts had in its preserva-\\ntion. It would have been no more than equitable for New-\\nHampshire to have shared the burden, as some of her towns\\nreceived protection from it but as she was inflexible in her\\nrefusal, the sister Province continued to furnish and sustain a\\ngarrison. The people on the whole line of the frontier were\\nin imminent danger. They could hardly venture out to milk\\ntheir cows the Indians destroyed their crops by breaking\\ndown the fences and laying open the fields and their horses\\nand cattle were killed. Into Westmoreland and Keene the\\nenemy made incursions, and a few persons were slain.\\nEarly in 1746 an event, sufficiently important to make the\\npeople forget for a time the ravages of war, terminated the\\ntedious controversy between them and the Proprietor. This\\nwas the sale by Mason s heir of his whole claim on the soil\\nof New-Hampshire to a company of gentlemen in Portsmouth.\\nIt had been discovered some years before, that there was a\\ndefect in the conveyance from Mason to Allen in 1691, and\\nthat the legal title still remained in the heir of Mason. Tom-\\nlinson had negociated in behalf of theProvince a purchase of\\nthe claim from Mason but the Assembly unwisely delayed\\nto ratify the contract. Mason at length informed them that if\\nthey delayed much longer, he should sell his claim to others\\nwho stood ready to make the purchase. Startled by this\\nintimation they concluded to ratify the contract, on condition\\nthat the ungranted lands should be granted at the pleasure of\\nthe House of Representatives only. To this condition the\\nCouncil warmly objected it was their wish to refer the", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "1746.] period vi.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1741\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1763. 89\\ngranting of lands to the King, under the expectation that he\\nwould commit this important power not to the Assembly, but\\nto themselves. While the two branches were thus disputing\\non the terms of purchase, the Portsmouth gentlemen took the\\nbargain out of their hands. Both the Assembly and the\\npeople resented their interference, and not a few angry threats\\nwere thrown out against them but the popular indignation\\nwas much abated t by the prudent measure on their part of\\nquitclaiming all the towns previously granted by New-Hamp-\\nshire and afterwards, all those which had been granted by\\nMassachusetts. These concessions quieted all the inhabitants\\nin their claims, and prevented any strenuous opposition to the\\ntitle acquired by the purchasers to the ungranted lands. As\\nthey pursued a judicious course in making grants, and promo-\\nting the settlement of these lands, the public mind was grad-\\nually reconciled to the course the affair had taken and the\\ninterests of the Masonian Proprietors, as these purchasers\\nwere called, became identified with the interests of the people\\nin general. These gentlemen were Theodore Atkinson, Mark\\nH. Wentworth, Richard Wibird, John Wentworth, George\\nJaffrey, Samuel Moore, Nathaniel Meserve, Thomas Packer,\\nThomas Wallingford, Jotham Odiorne, Joshua Pierce, and\\nJohn Moffat the leading men of wealth and business of\\nthat day. Among the terms on which they granted lands\\nwere the following that the grantees within a given period\\nshould erect a meeting house settle a minister lay out a right\\nof land for the first settled minister, another for a Parsonage,\\nand a third for schools clear out roads, and erect mills.\\nEncouraged by the spendid success at Louisburg, the Colo-\\nnists concerted a plan for the reduction of Canada and raised\\nnumerous forces for this purpose, of which a New-Hampshire\\nregiment under Col. Atkinson formed a part the whole to\\nbe joined by a powerful fleet and army expected from England.\\nFrom some want of vigor in the British councils, this force\\nnever left England, and the Colonial troops wore away the\\nsummer in idly awaiting their arrival. This inactivity left\\nthe Indians at leisure to infest the frontiers, and slay or capti-\\nvate persons at Charlestown, Boscawen, Swanzey, Hinsdale,\\nand Rochester. Often did the war whoop wake the sleep of\\nthe cradle. A band of fifty savages hid themselves at night in a\\nswamp at Keene, intending in the morning to surprise the peo-\\nple in garrison. By a man, who happened out quite early, they\\nwere discovered in season to prevent the surprise and after\\nburning some houses and killing one or two unhappy persons\\nfound without the Fort, they drew off. Another party entered\\nH*", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "90 HISTORY Or NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1746.\\na house in Hopkinton in which the inmates were fast asleep,\\nthe door having been left open by one who had gone out early\\nto hunt, and captivated eight persons. This disaster spread\\nsuch alarm in the vicinity, that the few families planted in\\nHillsborough deserted their habitations and retired to places of\\nsafety, from which they did not return till after the lapse of\\nfifteen years. These people had erected an house for religious\\nworship, which, during their protracted absence, some reckless\\nhunters, happening that way? set on fire; from no other motives\\nit has been said, than an idea that the owners would never\\nreturn, and a wish to enjoy the pleasure, such as it was, of\\nseeing it burn To prevent the destruction of the towns on\\nConnecticut rh er, Massachusetts sent a company commanded\\nby the gallant and celebrated Capt. Phinehas Stevens, to oc-\\ncupy a fort which had been built at Charlestown in the very\\nteeth of the enemy. To maintain this position required great\\nvigilance and resolution. Some of the men going out on an\\nexcursion, fell in with a party of Indians who fired on them\\nand attempted to cut off their retreat, when Stevens marched\\nout to their relief and beat off the enemy. At another time\\nhe went into the meadow with a body of men to look for some\\nhorses. The dogs discovered a concealed party of savages,\\nwho after a sharp conflict retreated, carrying off their dead,\\nand leaving behind so many of their arms and equipments, as\\nwere sold for a sum which was reckoned a great booty from\\nsuch beggarly enemies.\\nThough the chief weight of savage hostilities now fell on\\nthe western and central towns, the eastern did not altogether\\nescape. A party of Indians rushed upon five men working\\nin a field at Rochester, who fled for their lives into a house\\nnot far distant. Here they found but a momentary refuge\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nthe enemy stripped off the roof and entered the building,\\nkilling some and making prisoners of the rest.\\nThe people of Winchester being in want of bread, Gol.\\nWiilard of that place went with a guard of twenty men to a\\nmill in Hinsdale to grind corn. Scarcely was the guard set,\\nwhen they received from the lurking enemy a fire which they\\nreturned with spirit. With a loud and animating voice\\nWiilard ordered his men to rush upon them the savages,\\ninferring from this that they were numerous, fled in such\\nhaste as to leave behind what Indians never leave if they can\\navoid it, their packs and provisions.\\nIn August, one hundred Indians concealed themselves in the\\nwoods about Concord, intending to make an attack on the\\nnext Sabbath. Happily some troops from Massachusetts, and", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "1746.] period vi._ 1741\u00e2\u0080\u0094 17C3. 91\\na company from Exeter under Capt. Ladd arrived in town in\\nseason to afford protection, forming in the whole a consider-\\nable force. Aware that the enemy was lurking around, the\\ninhabitants on the sabbath went armed to the meeting, and\\nafter the religious services marched out of the Church in a\\nbody, presenting a front so imposing that the savages did not\\nventure an assault. The next morning seven of the Concord\\npeople on their Avay to Hopkinton were waylaid, five of the\\nnumber slain, and two made prisouers. Jonathan Bradley, a\\nman of singular intrepidity, being offered quarter, refused to\\naccept it, and was not killed till he had sustained for some\\ntime a desperate conflict with a great superiority of numbers.\\nIn Autumn a report of the arrival in the eastern waters of\\na powerful fleet and army from France, under the command\\nof the Duke de Anville, for the purposes of recovering Lou-\\nisburg and ravaging the coasts of New-England, excited great\\nalarm and led to every possible preparation to repel the ap-\\nprehended invasion. Col. Atkinson s regiment was employed\\nin fortifying the harbor of Pascataqua. A day of fasting and\\nprayer was observed at this crisis in some portions of the\\ncountry with unusual solemnity and on the veiy next night\\na violent tempest shattered the French fleet. The coincidence\\nof the Fast and the Tempest was much noticed by the people\\nof that day as a remarkable interposition of Divine Provi-\\ndence. This disaster, added to the losses which had been\\noccasioned by a mortal sickness among the crews and troops,\\nof whom eleven hundred were buried at Halifax, besides\\nhundreds thrown overboard, so dejected the French Com-\\nmander that he ended his life by poison, and the second in\\ncommand fell on his own sword. The remains of this great\\narmament returned to France, without having effected any\\nthing cither for the interest or honor of* their nation.\\nOn the approach of winter the garrison at Charlestown\\nwas withdrawn, and many of the scattered inhabitants of\\nthat region, being left without protection, abandoned their\\ndwellings. Whatever of their effects they could, they car-\\nried off; much of what could not be transported was buried\\nin the earth and the residue, together with their buildings\\nleft to be destroyed by the en: !i iv. When the alarm of the\\nFrench invasion was past, Atkinson s regiment marched to\\nWinnepiseogee for the defence of the frontiers, and passed\\nthe winter in an encampment on the margin of the lake.\\nAnnapolis in Nova Scotia being exposed to an attack by the\\nFrench and Indians, two hundred men from this Province\\nsailed eastward to unite with other forces in defending tho", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "92 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1748.\\ntown. By some mismanagement, the most of them returned\\nhome without having even landed at the place of destination.\\nThe Massachusetts troops in that quarter, disappointed of\\ntheir aid and inferior in number to the enemy, were attacked\\nat Minas in a snow storm, and after losing their Commander\\nand having one hundred men killed or wonnded, were com-\\npelled to surrender.\\nThe spring of 1747 brought with it a renewal of savage\\ndevastations. Capt. Stevens returned to Charlestown with a\\ncompany of rangers, and found the fort there in the same\\ncondition in which he left it the preceding autumn. In a\\nfew days the incessant barking of the dogs announced the\\napproach of a body of 400 French and Indians commanded\\nby Dubeline. Frustrated in their design of taking Stevens\\nby surprise, they set fire to the surrounding fences and log\\nhouses and attempted to burn the fort by shooting flaming\\narrows. These efforts, accompanied with horrid shouts and\\nyells, they continued two days. The French commander\\nnext employed various threats and artifices to induce the gar-\\nrison to surrender, but his attempts failed: these brave men\\nresolved to perish rather than yield. A renewal of attacks and\\nshouts on the part of the enemy then followed,but with no bet-\\nter success. On the third day they offered to retire if Stevens\\nwould sell them provisions. Having received a decisive refusal\\nthey fired a few more guns this done, they drew off inalmost a\\nstarving condition. By this brave defence he acquired much\\nhonor, and received from the British Commander Sir Charles\\nKnowles, then at Boston, the present of an elegant sword\\na circumstance which gave the township, when afterwards\\nincorporated, the name of Charlestown. Other and smaller\\nparties of the enemy went further east and did mischiefs in\\nRochester, Concord, Pembroke and Nottingham. Bridg-\\nman s fort near Hinsdale was burnt by the Indians in Au-\\ntumn and several persons slain.\\nThe death of James Carr of Pembroke, who was killed by the\\nenemy early in 1748, was attended with a singular instance of\\ncanine attchment and fidelity. He with two others was plow-\\ning on the west bank of the river, within the present township\\nof Bow. Towards night some Indians, who, concealed in a\\nthicket of bushes, had been watching them all day, rushed up-\\non them his two companions were taken but in attempting\\nto run to the river, Carr was shot and fell dead on his back with\\nhis arms somewhat extended. As the savages ran up to scalp\\nhim, his dog, a large and fierce animal, instantly attacked them\\nbut was stunned by the blow of a tomahawk and left for dead.", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "1748.] period vi.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1741\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1763. 93\\nThe people in garrison at Pembroke heard the firing, but it\\nbeing near night did not venture on an immediate pursuit, from\\nthe apprehension of falling into an ambuscade. After the de-\\nparture of the enemy the dog revived, guarded the corpse of\\nhis master through the night; and was found next morning\\nwith his nose laid in its open hand nor would the faithful an-\\nimal permit any one to remove or even touch the body, till\\nafter the use of much flattery and some force.\\nSeveral men belonging to Fort Hinsdale having been killed\\nor made prisoners, Capt. Hobbs, the second in command at\\nCharlestown, was sent with a ranging party of forty men to\\nscour the woods west of Connecticut river. Having halted to\\nrefresh his men at a spot a few miles west of Brattleborough, he\\nwas suddenly attacked by 150 savages. Promptly placing his\\nmen behind the shelter of trees, he maintained a combat of\\nthree hours, and whenever the foe attempted to rush upon him,\\nthe fire of his sharp shooters drove them back. They at length\\nretired, carrying off their dead and leaving the ground profusely\\nsprinkled with their blood. In this fierce engagement Hobbs\\nlost but three of his men. The defeated Indians were not\\nhowever deterred from further efforts they not long after at-\\ntacked a party of seventeen men in Hinsdale, and killed or made\\nprisoners a majority of the number.\\nPeace was re-established between England and France by\\nthe treaty of Aix la Chapelle in October. The good news soon\\ncrossed the Atlantic and was followed by a treaty with the In-\\ndians, concluded at Portland. Prisoners were to be restored\\nwithout ransom, and conquests made during the war to be giv-\\nen up. The English captives had been treated with far more\\nhumanity than in any former war. Of deliberate murder or\\ntorture there was not a single instance the old practice of ma-\\nking prisoners run the gauntlet was chiefly discontinued and\\noften, when sick or feeble, they were assisted to travel, and in\\ntimes of pinching scarcity received an equal allowance of pro-\\nvisions with the captors themselves.\\nIf we imagine the Indians to be altogether unsusceptible of\\nthe finer feelings of humanity, we do them injustice. Of their\\nmoderation Belknap relates the following instance An In-\\ndian surprised a man at Ashuelot the man asked for quarter\\nand it was granted. While the Indian was preparing to bind\\nhim, he seized his gun and shot him in the arm. The Indian\\nhowever secured him, but took no other revenge than to say\\nwith a kick, You dog, how could you treat me so? A little\\nincident which occurred soon after the war, exhibits striking\\ntraits of their sympathy and humanity. A party of their war-\\nriors came to Concord and encamped near the house of the", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "94 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1749.\\nRev. Mr. Walker, who was much respected by them as well as\\nbeloved by his parishioners. He being from home, his wife\\nexpressed apprehensions of danger. The Indians remarked\\nto each other, Minister s wife afraid. To allay her fears they\\ngave up their guns, left them in her possession till they were\\nready to depart, and treated her with courtesy and respect.\\nSome of the Ecclesiastical transactions which had occurred\\nduring the war, demand a brief notice. In 1745, the Rev.\\nMessrs. Moorhead of Boston, McGregor of Londonderry,\\nand Abercrombie of Pelham, Ms. formed the first Presbytery\\nin New-England, called the Boston Presbytery. Thirty years\\nafterwards, its numbers having been much increased, this\\nbody was divided into three, called the First Eastern Presby-\\ntery, the Presbytery of Londonderry, and the Presbytery of\\nPalmer, united in one Synod, called the Synod of New-Eng-\\nland, which subsisted some years and held its annual meet-\\nings at Londonderry. The first and third of these Presbyteries\\nbecame extinct: that of Londonderry still subsists, and\\nincludes all the Presbyterian Ministers and Churches, eleven\\nin number, now in the State. The Congregational Ministers\\nof the Province, of whom at that period there were more\\nthan thirty, formed a Convention in 1747 to meet annually for\\nthe purposes of mutual improvement and consultation on\\nthe interests of religion. The meetings of this body, origi-\\nnally holden in Portsmouth, are now holden at Concord on\\nthe week of Election.\\nThe influx of immigrants from Massachusetts had doubled\\nthe population of New-Hampshire in eighteen years. It\\namounted in 1749 to thirty thousand. The enterprising men\\nof the day, who were projecting new settlements, bcg\u00c2\u00b0an to\\nturn their attention to the fine country forming the present\\nState of Vermont. It was claimed by New-Hampshire on\\nthe grounds, that the king allowed her southern line to extend\\nto the w T est till it met his Majesty s other Provinces; and as\\nConnecticut and Massachusetts extended to a line drawn\\ntwenty miles east of the Hudson, that New- Hampshire ought\\nto have an equal extension westward. This was contested\\nby New- York for the following reasons that her chartered\\nlimits extended eastward to the Connecticut river that her\\nconcessions of territory to the Provinces of Connecticut and\\nMassachusetts gave no right to New-Hampshire to demand\\nfurther concessions and that her Eastern boundary, north\\nof Massachusetts, ought of course to extend to the limit pre-\\nscribed by the charter. As a practical assertion of the claim\\nof New-Hampshire, Gov. Wentworth granted the town of", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "1749.] period vi.~ 1741\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1763. 95\\nBennington, and two or three years afterwards several other\\ntownships west of the river; till the second French war in-\\nterrupted the business of granting and settling new lands.\\nOn the expiration of the triennial period for which the\\nAssembly was elected, a new one met in 1749, between whom\\nand Gov. Wentworth arose warm and protracted altercations.\\nThey chose Richard YValdron, the former Secretary, who had\\nbeen for some years in retirement from public life, Speaker\\nof the House. The Governor negatived the choice. They\\ncomplained of his negative as a breach of their privilege; as\\nbeing, if not an usurpation, yet an abuse of power and re-\\nfused to choose another Speaker. There was another con-\\ntested point: the Governor had exercised at pleasure the\\npower of sending Writs of Election to some new towns not\\nbefore represented, leaving others of equal or superior popu-\\nlation, unrepresented. The House denied his authority to\\ndetermine without their concurrence, what towns should en-\\njoy the privilege of representation, and refused to admit the\\nnew. members to their seats. The exigencies of the late war\\nhad compelled Wentworth at the meeting of the preceding\\nAssembly to yield the point for that time but now, supported\\nby fresh instructions from the King, he was inflexible. The\\nAssembly was equally indisposed to recede, and the conse-\\nquence was, that although it was kept alive by adjournments\\nand prorogations for the term of three years, no public busi-\\nness was transacted. The Treasurer s accounts remained\\nunsettled, the soldiers who had served during the war were\\nunpaid, and the Recorder s office was closed. His term was\\nexpired and a new choice could not be made till the Assem-\\nbly wes duly organized.\\nGreat inconvenience and clamor were the inevitable results\\nof this suspension of public business, and many were inclined\\nto lay the blame on the head of the Governor. The confu-\\nsion was occasioned in no small degree by the want of a\\ndefinite, written Constitution The Governor s Com-\\nmission from the King was almost the only substitute for\\nsuch an instrument; and as neither, this nor the Triennial\\nAct, determined on what principle Writs of Election should\\nbe sent to the new towns, the Governor issued them to such\\nas he thought proper, and neglected others. The controversy\\nwas injurious to his popularity and led to the transmission of\\na complaint against him to England, to be laid before the\\nKing. His opponents wished to compass his removal from\\noffice, and to procure the appointment of Sir William Pep-\\nperell to succeed him. The person to whose care the com-", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "96 IIISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1752.\\nplaint was entrusted, having ascertained that the English\\nMinistry was disposed to sustain the Governor, and that a\\ncomplaint to the King against one of his servants for follow-\\ning his instructions would be ill received, thought it not\\nprudent to present it, and the affair was dropped.\\nA new Assembly was convened in 1752. The evils of past\\naltercations inclined them to caution and moderation the\\nmembers returned from the new towns were admitted to seats\\nwithout controversy and Meshech Weare of Hampton Falls,\\na man fast rising into distinction, whom it was foreseen the\\nGovernor would approve, was chosen speaker. The measures\\ndemanded by the public interest were adopted with tolerable\\nharmony, and the Governor by a liberal distribution of civil\\nand military Commissions, brought over some of his opponents,\\nsoftened the resentment of others, and reinstated himself in\\nsome degree in his former good standing with the people.\\nAn occurrence which took place at this time alarmed the\\npeople of Hinsdale, and proved one of the mountains of New-\\nHampshire to be in an humble degree volcanic. It was a loud\\nexplosion like the report of a cannon attended with a column\\nof smoke proceeding from the West River mountain, situated\\nin Hinsdale and Chesterfield. A similar phenomenon alarmed\\nthe garrison of Fort Durnmer more than twenty years before,\\nand again occurred near the commencement of the Revolu-\\ntionary war. Dr. D wight, who visited the spot in 1798, found\\napertures which must have been formed by blasts of air from\\nthe bowels of the mountain, and a considerable quantity of\\ncalcined and vitrified matter, the product of subterranean\\nfire.\\nVigorous efforts were made to extend the settlements in\\nthe western parts of the Province. Many of the former set-\\ntlers whom the war had driven off, returned with accessions\\nto their number, to their homes in this great wilderness, dotted\\nwith here and there a patch of cultivation. Grants of new\\ntownships were induced by various motives, such as the de-\\nsire of attracting emigrants from other Provinces, and a\\nregard on the part of the Governor, to the fees and emolu-\\nments accruing to himself, which were great. In each of\\nthe townships he reserved to himself a right of land, and\\nothers for the support of the Episcopal Church, to which he\\nwas warmly attached. It has been said that during his ad-\\nministration there was a triple union of the State, the Church,\\nand Himself, of which He however, was the most considera-", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "1753.] feriod vi.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1741\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1763. 97\\nble part. For the purpose of shutting out the French from\\nthe rich meadows of Coos, included in the present towns of\\nHaverhill and Newbury, in which it was feared they might\\nestablish themselves, it was concluded to form a settlement\\nthere a party was accordingly sent up the river to lay out\\ntwo townships, and make preparation for the reception of\\nmany families soon to follow them. This scheme awakened\\nthe jealousy of the St. Francis Indians, residing on the river\\nof that name in Canada, to whom were united the remains of\\nthe tribes once planted in New-Hampshire and the western\\nparts of Maine. Some of their warriors came to Capt. Stevens\\nof Charlestown, with a message from the tribe, importing, that\\nthe English already owned more land than they could culti-\\nvate, and threatening hostilities if they persisted in the design\\nof occupying still more a threat which disheartened the ad-\\nventurers and led to an abandonment of the plan. These\\nIndians made a further discovery of their ill temper, by sur-\\nprising four men who were hunting in the wilderness near\\nBaker s river, within the present limits of Rumney. Only\\none of the four escaped one was killed the other two were\\nmade prisoners and carried to Canada.\\nOf these two, one was John Stark, afterwards the celebrated\\nGen. Stark. On their arrival at St. Francis, both ran the\\ngauntlet, which consists in passing between two long files of\\nIndians and receiving from each one a kick or a blow.\\nStark s companion suffered severely but he himself snatched\\na club from the nearest Indian, and laid about him to the right\\nand left as he ran through the lines greatly to the amusement\\nof the fathers of the tribe. Their efforts to make him work\\nwere unavailing, as he cut up by the roots the corn he was\\nordered to hoe, declaring that such was the proper work of\\nsquaws, not of warriors. He was a favorite with them they\\nadopted him as a son and gave him the title of the Young\\nChief. When, not long after, Capt. Stevens went to Canada\\nto redeem English captives, the first one offered him was a\\nrobust young man, dressed in Indian style and decorated with\\nwampum and silver. It was Stark.\\nAn event occurred in 1753 which sharpened the resentments\\nof this hostile tribe. Two of their number, Sabbatis and\\nPlausawa, came into Boscawen and lodged at the house of a\\nman, who on the next day killed them in the woods, and with\\nthe aid of another concealed their bodies under abridge. The\\ntwo men implicated in the affair were taken to Portsmouth and\\nconfined in irons in the prison but on the night preced-\\ning the day appointed for their trial, a body of armed men\\nI", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": ")8 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1754.\\nforced the prison doors with crowbars and axes, and set them\\nat liberty. They were never retaken, although the Governor\\noffered a reward for their apprehension. It is but an act of\\njustice to add that some accounts represent Bowen, the man\\nwho killed these Indians, as doing it in self defence, having\\nfirst observed in them indications of hostile feelings, and\\nactually seen one of them snap his gun at him with an evi-\\ndent intent to shoot him. A present, with which at the time\\nthey appeared to be satisfied, was made to the tribe, as an\\natonement for the blood that had been shed. They however\\nnourished secret purposes of revenge. A conference with\\nseveral tribes being afterwards holden at Portland, the St.\\nFrancis tribe, though invited, did not attend but sent a\\nmessage, purporting that the blood was not wiped away.\\nThe apprehensions excited by the hostile temper of the\\nIndians were increased by the unfriendly relations existing\\nbetween England and France. Possessed of settlements both\\nin Canada and Louisiana, the French aimed at connecting\\nthese distant regions by a chain of Forts from the St. Law-\\nrence to the Mississippi, and thus monopolizing the fur trade\\nof the Continent. The execution of this vast plan involved\\nencroachments on lands claimed by the English Colonies, and\\nengendered disputes between the two nations. Foreseeing\\nthat the controversy must be decided by the sword, the En-\\nglish Ministry recommended to the Colonies an Union for\\nmutual protection and defence. To effect this purpose, a\\nCongress of Commissioners from the Colonies from New-\\nHampshire to Maryland, met at Albany in 1754, and agreed\\non a plan of union under a Governor General to be appointed\\nby the King. The Commissioners from this Province were\\nTheodore Atkinson, Richard Wibird, Henry Sherburne, and\\nMeshech Weare. By a singular concurrence, the plan agreed\\non by the Congress was rejected in England as giving too\\nmuch power to the Colonies, and in America as giving too\\nmuch power to the King.\\nAfter a short interval of peace the country was involved in\\nthe second French War. Instigated by French influence the\\nIndians resumed the hatchet, and Salisbury first experienced\\nthe sufferings of invasion, having several of its inhabitants\\nslain or carried into captivity. A party of the enemy surprised\\nthe family of James Johnson of Charlestown, and led off eight\\npersons as prisoners. The very next day Mrs. Johnson was\\ndelivered of a daughter. The Indians had the humanity to\\nmake a halt on her account and construct a litter, on which\\nthey carried the mother and her daughter, appropriately", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "1755.] period vi.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1741\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1763. 99\\nnamed Captive, through the vast wilderness surrounding the\\nGreen Mountains. Exposed to imminent danger of butchery\\nor captivity, the inhabitants of Charlestown applied to the\\ngovernment of New-Hampshire for a guard of soldiers but\\nbeing repulsed in this application they addressed their earnest\\nsupplications to Massachusetts, who granted the desired pro-\\ntection. Having been carried to Canada, Mr. Johnson was\\npermitted to return home on parole, and the government\\nassisted him in procuring funds for the redemption of his\\nfamily.\\nAided by England, the Colonists in 1755 set on foot several\\nexpeditions against the French. Those against Fort du\\nQuesne on the Ohio and Fort Niagara, miscarried. A third,\\ndirected against Nova Scotia, was successful our troops\\ntook Fort Cumberland, disarmed the hostile inhabitants of\\nthe adjacent region, and transported almost two thousand\\nFrench people, out of the country. A fourth expedition, led\\nby Generals Johnson and Lyman, was destined to attack\\nCrown Point. To this body was attached a New-Hampshire\\nRegiment, under Col. Joseph Blanchard of Dunstable, who\\nmarched through the wilderness by way of Salisbury on the\\nMerrimac, and Charlestown on the Connecticut, and were\\nposted at Fort Edward while the main body advanced to\\nFort George, at the south end of the lake of that name. A\\nformidable French force under the Baron Dieskau soon after\\narrived at the south end of Lake Champlain, and marched to\\nattack our troops. Johnson sent out a body of Americans\\nand Mohawks, commanded by Col. Williams and the cele-\\nbrated Indian Chief Hendricks, to check their advance.\\nUnhappily this detachment fell into an ambuscade, and some\\nhundreds of the men, together with Williams and Hendricks,\\nwere slaughtered. A pond lying on the line of their retreat\\ninto Johnson s camp, into which the bodies of the slain were\\ncast, has ever since been called Bloody Pond. Flushed\\nwith this success, Dieskau pressed forward and attacked the\\nEnglish camp, but was repulsed with great slaughter, and\\nhimself mortally wounded. A part of his forces on their\\nretreat fell in with a detachment of New-Hampshire and\\nNew- York troops coming up from Fort Edward, the former\\ncommanded by Capt. Folsom of Exeter, and after the ex-\\nchange of several sharp fires, were again put to flight, leaving\\nin the power of the victors, the baggage of the French.\\nAfter these affairs the army was reinforced by a second reg-\\niment from this Province, under the command of Col, Peter\\nGilman.", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "100 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1755.\\nDuring the summer small parties of Indians repeated their\\nunwelcome visits to Hopkinton, Keene and Charlestown.\\nAt Walpole, a considerable body of them killed two men, and\\ngot possession of Col. Bellows fortified house in his absence.\\nReturning with twenty men, he gallantly fought his way\\nthrough fifty savages and recovered the house. The Indians\\nhaving been largely reinforced, attacked the garrison of John\\nKilburn in the same town. With the aid of three men and\\ntwo women, Kilburn made good the defence, keeping the\\nwomen employed in running bullets and loading muskets,\\nwhile the men discharged them at the enemy. This little\\nband sustained the assault of two hundred savages, for some\\nhours, killed several of the number, and compelled them at\\nthe approach of evening to retire. Never was a more gal-\\nlant defence made. The enemy however, continued their\\nefforts at other points, and found an opportunity to strike an-\\nother blow on the unfortunate town of Hinsdale. Three men,\\nreturning at evening from their labor to their families a\\nBridgman s Fort, fell into an ambushment one only escaped,\\nwhile another was killed, and a third drowned in attempting\\nto cross the river. The Indians then hastened to the fort\\nthe unsuspecting inmates, hearing the sound of their foot-\\nsteps, and thinking their friends had arrived, gladly unbarred\\nthe gate to receive them. In rushed the savages, and seized\\nthe unfortunate women and children to the number of four-\\nteen.\\nOne of these unhappy females was Mrs. How, of whom\\nunder the appellation of The Fair Captive, Gen. Humphreys\\nhas given so glowing a description in his Life of Putnam.\\nHer adventures were indeed romantic. On her march over\\nthe Green Mountains towards Canada, one of her little sons\\nfour years old, would occasionally sit down at a halting place\\non his master s pack, when the inhuman monster would\\nknock him off with the handle of his hatchet, inflicting\\nwounds on his head, the scars of which long remained. As\\nthey passed down Lake Champlain in canoes, a tremendous\\nnocturnal thunder storm lashed the waves into fury and\\nthreatened them with instant destruction. Dreadful was the\\nrolling of the thunder on the watery expanse. After their\\narrival at the head quarters of the tribe, Mrs. How experien-\\nced the sufferings of extreme hunger, and saw the time when\\nshe gladly skimmed off and swallowed the fragments float-\\ning in a pail destined to feed swine. Her babe was taken\\nfrom her by violence and carried to a distant place. Roving\\nwith her captors from place to place, she spent a dreary win-", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "1756.] period vi.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1741\u00e2\u0080\u0094 17G3. 101\\nter among the Islands in the northern part of the lake. Once\\nthey gave her the false intelligence, merely to afflict her, that\\none of her children had died a natural death, and another\\nhad been killed by a blow of a hatchet nor was it till some-\\ntime afterwards, that her anguish was removed by the discov-\\nery that they were both alive. She was at length sold to a\\nFrenchman, and was finally redeemed from a long captivity\\nby the generous interposition of Col. Schuyler of New-York.\\nOne of her daughters was carried by the French Governor\\nto France, where she was married, and never revisited her\\nnative land.\\nThe first Baptist Church in the Province was gathered this\\nyear at Newtown, under the ministry of the Rev. Walter\\nPowers. This denomination of Christians has since become\\nnumerous, including at the present day, ninety-one Churches,\\nand five thousand seven hundred and forty-seven communi-\\ncants within the limits of New-Hampshire.\\nThe third great earthquake known in New-England, oc-\\ncurred in November, a little before day-break, after a clear\\nand serene night. The shock was heavy, and of considerable\\nduration. Suddenly arousing the people from the peaceful\\nslumbers of the night, it excited great alarm. It threw down\\nthe tops of 100 chimneys in Boston, and shook the country\\nfrom Virginia to Nova Scotia, an extent of a thousand miles.\\nIn 1756, the operations of war languished. A considera-\\nble body of Colonial troops, among whom was a New-Hamp-\\nshire regiment under Col. Messerve, was collected for anoth-\\ner attempt ou Crown Point but the Earl of Loudon, than\\nwhom a more inefficient man was ne^ er at the head of an\\narmy, having the chief command, nothing effectual was done.\\nThe regiment from this Province being distinguished for\\nhardihood and agility in traversing the woods, a select num-\\nber of its men were formed into three companies of Rang-\\ners, commanded by Robert Rogers, John Stark, and William\\nStark, and kept in pay of the king during the war. The\\nRangers served as guides and couriers, kept the enemy in\\nalarm by false attacks, and reconnoitered hostile posts. Many\\nof them were from Londonderry and the immediate vicinity\\nnot Irish) as has been incorrectly stated, but of Scottish de-\\nscent. They distinguished themselves in numerous bloody\\nskirmishes with parties of French and Indians, and exhibited\\nmuch tact in scouring the woods, and procuring intelligence\\nof hostile movements. On the waters and among the islands\\nand mountains of Lake George, they were incessantly in\\nmotion. Major Rogers of Londonderry, than whom few\\nI*", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "102 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1757.\\npartizan warriors have been more celebrated, commanded\\nthe whole body. He afterwards published at London an in-\\nteresting Journal of their Military services.\\nThe Indians acted during the season with less than their\\nusual vigor, and with the exception of killing Lieut. Willard\\nat Charlestown, and the capture of a few persons at Winches-\\nter, did little serious mischief. Of the stratagems of\\nsavage warfare and the hair-breadth escapes of the scattered\\ninhabitants of the remoter towns, we have a specimen in an\\noccurrence which took place at Westmoreland, near this\\ntime, though the precise date is unknown. A party of men\\nwent up the river to hoe corn on an island, some miles above\\ntheir habitations and having finished their work, passed over\\nto the west bank, on their way homeward. A large dog be-\\nlonging to one of the company ran up the steep bank before\\nthem, when his angry growls led them to suspect the pres-\\nence of an enemy lurking in ambush. Immediately they\\nrecrossed the river, and by a route on the east side reached\\nhome in safety. The dog was the instrument of their pres-\\nervation. They afterwards learned the fact, that thirty In-\\ndians lay in concealment, ready to fire upon them the moment\\nthey should ascend the bank, and come fairly within their\\nreach.\\nThis year is the era of the introduction of printing into the\\nState. Dairiel Fowle from Boston, established a press at\\nPortsmouth, and soon issued the first number of the New-\\nHampshire Gazette, a newspaper which still exists. The\\nfirst newspaper in Boston began its course more than half a\\ncentury before. Both Newspaper and Book printing are\\nnow executed in the State, especially at Concord, to a large\\nextent.\\nThe hostilities of the two preceding years had been car-\\nried on without a formal declaration of war against France.\\nSuch a declaration was issued in 1757. New-Hampshire\\nraised a regiment for the service of the year, of which a part\\nunder Lieut. Col. Gone of Bedford, marched by way of\\nCharlestown, which had been recently distressed by another\\nIndian incursion, to Fort William Henry, on the shore of\\nLake George and were there united with other troops, to\\nthe number of two thousand. Little did they anticipate the\\nfatal disaster which awaited them soon after their arrival.\\nThe Marquis de Montcalm who had succeeded to the com-\\nmand of the French army, invested the Fort with a power-\\nful force, and in six days compelled it to surrender, on con-\\ndition that the garrison should be protected and conducted in", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "1758.] period vi.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1741\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1763. 103\\nsafety to Fort Edward. At the head of a force sufficient to\\nhave relieved Fort William Henry, Gen. Webb lay in the\\nmean time at Fort Edward in stupid inactivity. His troops\\nwere eager to go to the rescue of their brethren, and solicited\\nthe permission of their commander but Gen. Johnson, tho\\nsecond in command, told them with tears in his eyes, that\\nWebb forbade their march. As the garrison after the surren-\\nder marched out unarmed, the savages in Montcalm s army,\\nenraged at the disappointment of their expectations of plun-\\nder, fell on them with a fury next to infernal. The New-\\nHampshire troops being in the rear, suffered most, having\\neighty out of two hundred butchered on the spot a massa-\\ncre that filled the Province with mourning. Unquestionably\\nMontcalm might have prevented this outrage, the permission\\nof which was on his part a wanton and inhuman violation of\\na sacred engagement. Hundreds besides those belonging to\\nthis Province, were sacrificed on this bloody arena. Urgent\\ndemands being sent on for reinforcements, an additional force\\nof 250 men was raised here and placed under the command\\nof Maj. Tash of Durham, who was stationed at Charlestown,\\nby order of Webb, for the protection of the settlements on\\nConnecticut river.\\nChagrined at the ill success of the wai, the English nation\\ndemanded a change of Ministers at home and of Military\\ncommanders abroad. William Pitt being placed at the head\\nof the administration in 1758, soon infused into the English\\nfleets and armies, a new spirit. A powerful expedition from\\nHalifax took Louisburgh from the French, with its garrison\\nof 5000 men and 120 pieces of cannon. At this place Col.\\nMesserve of Portsmouth, an officer of distinguished merit,\\nto whom Lord Loudon had presented an elegant piece of\\nplate as a testimonial of his good services, closed his life. A\\nforce under Gen. Forbes succeeded in gaining possession of\\nFort du Quesne, now Pittsburg. Gen. Abercrombie, who had\\nsuperseded Loudon in the chief command, advanced at the\\nhead of a third army, to which was attached a regiment of\\n800 men from this Province, to attack the strong fortress\\nof Ticonderoga. He transported his men down Lake\\nGeorge on a bright and beautiful day, in more than a\\nthousand boats, gliding in perfect order to the sound of fine\\nmartial music, Lord Howe in a large boat leading the van.\\nAfter landing, some of the troops were engaged in a skirmish\\nwith the enemy, in which Rogers rangers bore a distinguished\\npart. On the next day the whole army moved to attack the\\nFrench lines but they were received with a murderous fir*", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "101 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1759.\\nof artillery and small arms, which they endured four hours,\\nwhen they were compelled to retreat with the loss of 2000\\nmen killed and wounded. Among the slain was Lord Howe,\\na young British nobleman of great merit, to whom the Amer-\\ncans were warmly attached. So bloody and disastrous a result\\nfilled the whole country with grief and consternation. The\\ncapture however of Fort Frontenac by Col. Bradstreet, whom\\nAbercrombie after his return to Fort George had detached on\\nthis service, was some reparation of this dreadful loss.\\nThe splendor of military transactions is but a thin veil\\ndrawn over the real miseries of war. Of the thousands of\\nAmbercrombie s men who shared the pleasure of the brilliant\\npassage down Lake George, with the anticipation of triumph\\nshining in every eye, some hundreds on the very next day\\nleft the scenes of earth, suddenly and forever The miseries\\ninflicted by one great battle on the wounded, on widows and\\norphans, and on aged parents bereft of the props of their\\ndeclining years, transcend the power of the human mind to\\nestimate. To this we are to add the reflection of a multitude\\nof souls appearing before the Judge of all the earth, probably\\nmany of them without preparation! Connected as it too\\noften is, with moral turpitude, military glory is but a splendid\\nbubble. To reconcile war, except when strictly defensive,\\nwith the precepts of the gospel, is altogether impossible.\\nThe future and universal prevalence of Christian principles,\\nwe are permitted to hope, will banish from the earth this\\nscourge of man.\\nNotwithstanding the disaster at Ticonderoga, the results of\\nthe last campaign were on the whole auspicious, and stimula-\\nted the English Ministry and the Colonists to make exertions\\nthe next year, which crushed the French power in America.\\nA regiment of a thousand men from this Province under\\nCol. Lovewell, brother of the Lovewell so celebrated in a\\nformer war, joined the army ou the Hudson and took part\\nin the reduction of Ticonderoga and Crown Point, the gar-\\nrisons retiring on the approach of a superior force. Another\\nBritish army, led by Gen. Wolfe, took, after the decisive and\\nwell known battle on the plains of Abraham, the city of\\nQuebec, the strong capital of Canada. The reduction of this\\nalmost impregnable fortress filled the colonies with joy, and\\nwas celebrated in all the large towns with bells, processions,\\nfireworks, illuminations, and other tokens of triumph. On\\nthe eighteenth of October, public thanks were given to Al-\\nmighty God in the Churches for the interposition of his Prov-\\nidence in these great events.", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "1759.] period vi.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1.741\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1763. 105\\nThe troops were now at leisure to inflict chastisement on\\nthe St. Francis Indians, the authors of the devastations com-\\nmitted on the frontiers of New-Hampshire in this and the\\npreceding war. Major Rogers and his Rangers were de-\\ntached on this service from Crown Point and after a pas-\\nsage down Lake Champlain and a march of twenty-one days\\nthrough Canadian forests, he descried from the top of a tree\\nthe principal village of the tribe. Unsuspicious of the im-\\npending danger, the Indians spent most of the next night in\\ndancing, and retired to their cabins for rest a little before\\nbreak of day. No sooner were they buried in sleep than the\\nassault was made, and quickly were their cabins and fields\\nflowing with blood. Out of three hundred inhabitants, two\\nhundred were slain, and the conflagration of their village\\nclosed the scene. It was found filled with English plunder\\nand English scalps to the number of six hundred a sight\\nwhich ga? 6 edge tO the resentments or 1I10 assailants. Tho\\nretreat of the Rangers, which was made by way of Mem-\\nphremagog Lake, towards the mouth of Ammonoosuc river,\\nwas attended with distressing reverses. Rogers kept his men\\nin a body till their provisions failed, when he distributed\\nthem into small parties, that they might the better procure\\nsubsistence on the way by hunting. Two of these parties\\nwere overtaken by pursuing bodies of the enemy, and most\\nof the men killed or made prisoners. The commander with\\nthe main body, arrived in a starving condition at the Ammo*\\nnoosuc in Bath, where, in accordance with a plan previously\\nconcerted, he expected to find a supply of provisions. Cruel\\ndisappointment awaited him the party entrusted with the\\nprovisions had indeed been at the place, but after waiting\\nsome days without seeing or hearing ought of Rogers, had\\ndeparted only a few hours before his arrival, leaving their\\nfires still burning. Guns, which they distinctly heard, were\\nfired to recal them but imagining they might have been fired\\nby an enemy, they held on their course down the river. For\\nthis needless precipitation, subjecting as it did the famished\\nRangers to the bitterest suffering, the commanding officer of\\nthe returning party was deservedly cashiered. The nearest\\nplace of relief was Charlestown at the distance of seventy\\nmiles there being no settlement on the river above that\\ntown. Ground nuts and beach nuts were the only sustenance\\nto be procured in the dreary forests and to such extremities\\nwere they reduced, that for the sake of drinking a little broth\\neven slightly tinctured with animal matter, they boiled their\\npowder horns, ball pouches, and other leathern accouUe-", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "106 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1760.\\nments. A raft was constructed on which Rogers with two\\nor three others, floated down Connecticut river to White river\\nfalls, where the raft was unfortunately lost. With extreme\\ndifficulty another was constructed by the slow process of\\nburning down trees, on which he passed over other rapids\\nto Charlestown, and despatched up the river canoes laden\\nwith provisions, to meet the starving survivors. Several had\\nperished in the woods of despair, hunger and exhaustion,\\nand the total loss in the retreat amounted to fifty men.\\nOf the sufferings endured by the unfortunate Rangers in\\nthis retreat, the case of Benjamin Bradley of Concord fur-\\nnishes an affecting specimen. In company with two others,\\nhe left the main body on the upper part of the Connecticut\\nriver, taking a course which he supposed would lead him to\\nhis father s house on the Merrimac. He never arrived. Some\\nhunters afterwards found in the wilderness of the White\\nMountains, a quantity of silver broaches and wampum scat-\\ntered around the skeleton of a man, which from some proba-\\nble indications was conjectured to be that of Bradley.\\nThe next year, 1760, witnessed the completion of the\\nconquest of Canada, by the surrender of Montreal to three\\nBritish armies, which penetrated to that city by different\\nroutes and arrived almost simultaneously. A New-Hampshire\\nregiment under Col. Goffe, which after cutting a new road\\nfrom Charlestown through Vermont to Crown Point, was\\nunited to a force commanded by Col. Haviland, formed a\\npart of the great assemblage of troops concentrated around\\nMontreal. The reduction of Canada put an end to the tragic\\nscenes of Indian warfare on the borders of this State. So\\neffectually had the splendid achievements of the English and\\nColonial troops overawed the savages, that for the three last\\nyears, they had been restrained from other mischiefs than the\\ncapture or slaughter of a few persons at Charlestown and\\nHinsdale. They now passed under the dominion of England,\\nand their terrific war whoops were no longer to resound\\nthrough the forests of New-Hampshire. The baleful in-\\nfluence so long exercised over them by a foreign, hostile\\nnation, was now to cease forever.\\nThat the French had shamefully and wickedly abused this\\ninfluence, is notorious. By bidding a price for every English\\nscalp, they continually excited the savage to the work of\\nblood and ruin. They taught him to regard them as the only\\ngenuine friends of Christianity the English, as heretics,\\nwhom to kill was not only lawful, but meritorious. Some\\nreligious forms and ceremonies they indeed communicated to", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "17(53.] period vi.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1713\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1741. 107\\nthe Indians,but left them profoundly ignorant of the nature and\\nexcellent principles of real Christianity. A curious specimen\\nof the kind of religion they imparted to them is found in the\\nfollowing incident The noted Therouet, an Indian Sachem,\\ndied at Montreal. The French gave him burial in a\\npompous manner, the Catholic priest that attended him at his\\ndeath having declared that he died a true christian For,\\nsaid he, while I explained to him the passion of our Saviour\\nwhom the Jews crucified, he cried out, Oh, had I been\\nthere I would have revenged his death and brought away\\ntheir scalps. Had he possessed a particle of christian feeling,\\nhow different at this solemn moment had been his language.\\nWar between France and England still continued, but the\\ntheatre of its subsequent operations being far distant, they\\ncome not within our plan. New-England, which had freely\\nbled in six Indian wars, was destined to exhibit for a time\\nmore peaceful scenes.\\nOn the night of the 12th of April, 1761, the country was\\nshaken by an earthquake, which was succeeded by another in\\nAutumn. The summer of this, and that of the following year,\\nwere each of them remarkable for a great and distressing\\ndrought, which rendered necessary the importation of large\\nquantities of bread-stuffs from abroad. A considerable emi-\\ngration from various parts of New-England to Nova Scotia\\ntook place at this period. The expulsion of some hundreds\\nof French families from the latter Province, after its con-\\nquest by the English a few years before, had left, unoccupied,\\nlarge tracts of cultivated land as the government offered\\nthem to their own subjects on easy terms, many New-Eng-\\nlanders were induced to emigrate. Attracted by the prospect\\nof fine farms, a considerable number of the enterprising in-\\nhabitants of Londonderry removed to that bleak re-\\ngion, and settled in the towns of Truro and Londonderry.\\nA definitive treaty of peace between England and France\\nwas concluded in 1763, after a long and tremendous struggle,\\nin which France lost all her North American Colonies, and\\nEngland gained an immense addition of territory, but at a\\nvast expense of blood and treasure. Toward her splendid\\nsuccesses, her American Colonies powerfully contributed\\nand in proportion to her wealth and extent, none more than\\nNew-Hampshire.\\nThe number of eminent men who left the stage in the\\ncourse of the period now brought to a close, is not great.\\nThe Rev. Jabez Fitch of Portsmouth, who deceased in 1746,\\nwas a collector of historical facts, and left behind him some", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "108 KI5TOHY OF \u00c2\u00a3W-HAMrGHIRE. [1763.\\nvaluable manuscripts, from which Dr. Belknap derived a por-\\ntion of the materials for his history. The Hon. George Jaf-\\nfrey, Chief Justice of the Superior Court, and a Counsellor\\nof the Province, died in 1749. Not long after died the for-\\nmer Secretary of the Province, Richard Waldron, who like\\nmost of the other public men of that day, was a professor of\\nreligion, and warmly interested in the welfare of the Church,\\nof which he was a member. Daniel Tread well, a native of\\nPortsmouth, was one of the pupils of Major Hale, long cele-\\nbrated as the Instructor of the Grammar School in that town,\\nwho taught some thousands of youth, and whose fame in\\nthe region of the Pascataqua was equal to that of his cotem-\\nporary Lovel in Boston. Soon after his graduation at Har-\\nvard, Treadwell was elected Professor of Mathematics in\\nKing s College in the city of New-York, and promised to\\nattain to distinguished eminence in that department of sci-\\nence, when his early death disappointed the high-raised hopes\\nof his friends.", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "PERIOD VII.\\nFROM THE PEACE OF 1763 TO THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE\\nREVOLUTIONARY CONTEST IN 1775.\\nThe passage of numerous bodies of troops during the last\\nwar through the territory now called Vermont, made the fer-\\ntility of the lands well known and no sooner was the danger\\nof Indian invasion past, than they were eagerly sought for the\\npurposes of settlement and speculation. Gov. Wentworth and\\nhis Council, almost immediately after the reduction of Canada,\\ncaused a survey to be made of the country on the Connecticut\\nriver, and six ranges of townships to be laid out, three on each\\nside. Applicants in rapid succession were gratified with grants,\\nand the Governor was gratified with the fees, which amounted\\nto a sum sufficient to enrich him. A stream of immigrants\\npoured into this region, and the settlements were soon extended\\nup the river from Charlestown to Lancaster and Northumber-\\nland. Many of these immigrants came from Connecticut, and\\nplanted themselves in Claremont, Plainfield, Lebanon,Hanover,\\nLyme, Orford, Newport, Lempster, Alstead, Marlow, and some\\nother towns. They were a respectable class of people, ex-\\nhibiting in point of manners, customs and modes of thinking,\\nthe distinctive peculiarities of their native State. At the same\\ntime, new settlements spread along the Merrimac from Salis-\\nbury to Plymouth and Campton over the western parts of\\nHillsborough and Merrimac Counties, the eastern sections of\\nCheshire and Sullivan, and the northern part of Strafford. A\\nportion of these immigrants, and that not a small one, pos-\\nsessed little besides the axe on their shoulders and a flock of\\nneedy children in their arms. The forests resounded with the\\nwoodman s strokes; the hand of industry rapidly, and as if\\nby enchantment, laid open new fields and erected commodious\\ndwellings commerce was extended the fisheries prosecuted\\nwith succcess; and the means of literary and religious im-\\nprovement, multiplied. The hardy and intrepid generation,\\nK", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "110 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1763-\\nnow gone, which accomplished this vast extension of cultiva-\\ntion and civilization, richly merits the grateful remembrance of\\ntheir posterity. Almost all the roads in which they travelled,\\npassed through deep forests and over rough hills and moun-\\ntains, often over troublesome and dangerous streams and not\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2infrequently through swamps miry and hazardous where\\nwolves, bears, and catamounts obstructed and alarmed their\\npassage. The forests they could not cut down the rocks\\nthey could not remove the swamps they could not causey\\nover the streams they could not erect bridges. Yet men,\\nwomen, and children ventured daily through this combination\\nof evils, penetrated the recesses of the wilderness, climbed the\\nhills, wound their way among the rocks, struggled through\\nthe mire, and swam on horseback through deep and rapid\\nrivers.\\nOver the forests of New-Hampshire the Moose then roamed,\\nand often furnished to the settlers in the wilderness welcome\\nsupplies of flesh, when none was to be derived from other\\nsources. Col. Webster, who established himself at Plymouth\\nwhen almost all the region north of Boscawen was a dark\\nforest, had at one time in his house fifteen barrels of moose-\\nmeat. The Merrimac and Connecticut, with their numerous\\nbranches, then furnished at the proper season an abundant\\nsupply of salmon. Often were the tables, spread hi the rude\\nlog cabins of that day, graced with this delicious fish, which\\na combination of causes has since driven almost entirely from\\nour waters.\\nThe conquest of Canada had not only removed the chief\\nobstacles to the rapid extension of new settlements, but it had\\nalso given the Colonies a new idea of their own power and\\npolitical importance. They began to foresee that a great and\\nindependent empire was destined to rise into existence in\\nAmerica. They had no expectation of a speedy separation\\nfrom Great Britain, nor did they at that time desire it. But it\\nwas often said that in future ages, this country would form a\\npowerful and independent nation though none then living,\\nwould see the event this was the current language of the\\nday. That the prediction would be so soon accomplished, they\\ndid not even dream and in relation to the rapid advances of\\nthe country in wealth, population and political importance,\\ntheir most adventurous imaginations lagged far behind the\\nscenes which time has since unfolded as realities.\\nThough the four great divisions of our population, the\\nPascataqua, Londonderry ,Merrimack and Connecticut portions,\\nretain to this day some vestiges of their original peculiarities", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "1764.] period vii.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1703\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1775. Ill\\nyet these different classes, connected by bonds political, social,\\nand religious, have become so blended and assimilated as to\\ndwell together in great harmony, and to exhibit in an uncom-\\nmon degree that uniformity of character, so promotive of the\\nthe interests of a Commonwealth.\\nThe numerous grants on the part of New-Hampshire of the\\nlands west of the Connecticut, gave great uneasiness to the\\nGovernment of New- York, which claimed all the territory\\nnorth of Massachusetts, as far east as to that river. In conse-\\nquence of a representation by the Governor of New York to\\nthe King, a royal Order was issued in 1764, making the west-\\nern bank of the river the boundary between the two contending\\nProvinces, thus annexing the New-Hampshire Grants, as\\nVermont was then called, to New-York. After this decision,\\nthe latter Province claimed the right of soil as well as of ju-\\nrisdiction, and assumed the ground that all former grants under\\nthe authority of New-Hampshire were null and void. The\\nsettlers and claimants, a numerous and powerful body, were\\ndeeply interested in resisting this assumption and supporting\\nthe validity of their titles. These conflicting claims led, as\\nmight have been expected, to long and embittered disputes\\nbetween them and the authorities of New- York disputes so\\nvehement as often to threaten bloodshed. They would readi-\\nly have submitted to the jurisdiction of that Province, had\\nthey been permitted quietly to hold their lands but when\\n.suits of ejectment were brought and decided against them in\\nthe New- York Courts, the officers who attempted to dispossess\\nthem met with such menaces and perils as compelled them to\\nretire. On the part of the people of the Grants, the irritation\\nat length became so great, as to lead them to the fixed deter-\\nmination not to come under the jurisdiction of New-York, but\\nto assume and exercise a distinct jurisdiction. The Green\\nMountain Boys had no idea of surrendering lands for which\\nthey had given a valuable consideration, and had brought\\nunder cultivation by severe personal labor and New- York,\\nby grasping at too much, eventually lost the whole.\\nThe Rev. Robert Sandeman of Scotland, the founder of\\nthe religious denomination of the Sandemanians, came into\\nAmerica at this time, and fixed himself at Danbury, Connecti-\\ncut. He formed several societies of his principles among\\nothers, one at Portsmouth, which still exists.\\nWe have now come to the momentous period of the rise of\\nthat long controversy with Great Britain, which resulted in\\nthe separation of the American Colonies from the parent State.\\nA desigu of taxing them, first suggested, as has been said, to", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "112 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1765.\\nthe British Government by a native of New-Hampshire, had\\nbeen conceived before the last French War, but kept a pro-\\nfound secret. During that war, their good will was too\\nimportant to England to be forfeited, and therefore no attempt\\nto execute the design was then made. After the war, the\\nBritish Treasury was burdened with the interest of the im-\\nmense expenditures incurred in its support, and it was felt that\\na revenue derived from America would afford a seasonable\\nrelief. The British Government accordingly determined to\\ncommence a system of Colonial taxation, and passed, 1765,\\nthe notorious Stamp Act, imposing a Stamp duty on the\\nColonies, and requiring all the legal written Instruments in\\nuse among a commercial people, and even licenses for mar-\\nriage, to be executed on stamped paper charged with a duty.\\nThis Act was viewed as an attack on American liberty, and\\nspread alarm through the country. The people on deliberate\\nconsideration determined not to submit to its requisitions\\nthey contended that the Legislature of a country three thous-\\nand miles distant, in which they were not represented, had\\nno right to tax them and they foresaw that this measure, if\\nunresisted, would be but the entering wedge for others yet\\nmore oppressive. The anticipation of such an Act had led\\nnumbers, the year before, to form an agreement not to import\\nBritish manufactures, and particularly to disuse mourning ap-\\nparel, as an article both unnecessary, and tending to increase\\ntheir dependence on the fabrics of the mother country. With\\nthe view of increasing the growth and manufacture of wool,\\nand thus rendering themselves independent of foreign supplies,\\nthe people of Boston now came into an agreement not to eat\\nlamb during that season. Such was the excitement in most\\nof the Provinces, that the Distributors of Stamps were driven\\nby considerations of personal danger to resign their office.\\nGeorge Meserve, son of the distinguished Col. Meserve who\\ndied in the expedition to Louisburg, having been appointed\\nDistributor in New-Hampshire, was compelled on his arrival\\nfrom England to resign his office before he set foot on the\\nshore and after landing, to ratify his resignation before he\\nwent to his own house. The Assembly at their next sesssion\\nsent a petition to England for a repeal of the obnoxious Act.\\nOn the day preceding that in which it was to go into opera-\\ntion, the New-Hampshire Gazette appeared with a mourning\\nborder on the next day the bells were tolled, and other indi-\\ncations of strong popular excitement appeared. Suspicions hav-\\ning arisen that Meserve still intended to distribute the stamps,\\nthe sons of liberty were called together by beat of drum, when", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "1766.] period vii.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1763\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1775. 113\\nthey compelled him to give up his Commission and take an\\nOath, administered by Wyseman Claggett, not to attempt to\\nexecute his office.\\nWhile the repeal of the Stamp Act hung in suspense, and it\\nwas doubtful whether the proceedings of the Courts would be\\ndeemed valid without the use of stamped papers, some licen-\\ntious persons began to imagine that debts could not be recov-\\nered, and that they might set their Creditors at defiance. This\\nbad spirit was soon put down by an Association of the more\\nvirtuous part of the community for the support of the laws,\\nand of the Magistracy in executing them. But the opposi-\\ntion to the Stamp Act was so violent throughout the country,\\nthat, to the joy of the Americans, the British Parliament was\\ninduced the next year to repeal it.\\nThe Commission and Instructions of the Stamp Distributor,\\nwhich he had been compelled to surrender to the people,\\nwere by them sent back to England in a packet, to the care\\nof the Agents of the Province, to be returned, if thought\\nproper, to the Stamp Office in London. This was a bold\\nstep, and it amounted almost to an open defiance of the Brit-\\nish government. On the arrival of the packet, the Stamp\\nAct was about to be repealed and the Agents, apprehensive\\nthat the proceedings in New-Hampshire, if publicly known,\\nmight produce an irritation unfavorable to so desirable an\\nissue, suppressed the intelligence till after the repeal was ef-\\nfected.\\nGov. Benning Wentworth resigned the Chair in 1766, hav-\\ning occupied it twenty-five years. Some traits of his character\\nmerit commendation. He was an obliging, generous friend\\nand in the two French and Indian wars which occurred during\\nhis administration, he was assidious in his attention to the\\nprotection of the frontiers, and the promotion of the common\\ncause. But his manners were some what, haughty and his\\nresentments warm. Having, like other officers under the royal\\ngovernment, derived his appointment from a foreign source,\\nhe was of course more solicitous to please his superiors\\nabroad, than to consult the feelings of the people at home.\\nHis numerous grants of land to the people of Massachu-\\nsetts and Connecticut, for the sake of the fees and emolu-\\nments accruing, exposed him to the severe censures of the\\ninhabitants of the Eastern part of New-Hampshire who\\nsaw, not without strong resentments, the people of other\\nProvinces engrossing valuable lands to which they thought\\nthey had a superior claim. The Governor sustained himself\\nby the plea, that they had been remiss in forwarding the set-\\nK*", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "114 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1767.\\ntlement of some townships which had been granted them,\\nand that the grantees in Massachusetts were superior cultiva-\\ntors, and would introduce a body of immigrants who would\\nadd materially to the wealth of the Province. Being an ar-\\ndent Episcopalian, he took care in his grants to reserve lands\\nfor the benefit of his own denomination. In his appointments\\nto civil offices, he unduly regarded the interests of his own\\nfamily. George JafTrey was President of the Council, Chief\\nJustice, and Treasurer Theodore Atkinson, Secretary, and\\nChief Justice of the Common Pleas; Jotham Odiorne, Judge\\nof the Superior Court; Thomas Packer, Sheriff; Henry\\nSherburne, Richard Wibird, Ellis Huske,and Samuel Solley,\\nCounsellors all either relatives or family connexions of the\\nGovernor. Some complaints against him having found their\\nway to England, the Ministry meditated his removal. In the\\nagitations excited by the Stamp Act, he was silent. Advan-\\nced in years, expecting soon to be superseded, and having a\\nlarge estate in this country, it was important to him to retire\\nfrom office without incurring popular odium. His nephew,\\nJohn Wentworth, being in England, and having gained the\\nacquaintance and patronage of some of the nobility, it was\\ndecided to appoint him to succeed to the Chair of this Prov-\\nince and for the sake of the nephew s feelings, an opportu-\\nnity was allowed to the aged Governor to resign, with an\\nappearance of resigning in favor of a kinsman. He continued\\nto reside at Portsmouth till his death, four years after his re-\\nsignation.\\nGov. John Wentworth, with Commissions constituting him\\nGovernor of New-Hampshire, and Surveyor of the King s\\nWoods in America, arrived at Portsmouth from England in\\nJune, 1767, and was received with distinguished respect.\\nSeveral Counsellors and a Committee of the Assembly, es-\\ncorted by a troop of horse, met him at the Province line, and\\non their return towards Portsmouth were joined by many of\\nthe inhabitants, forming in the whole a grand cavalcade.\\nThe Wentworth family had long been the most brilliant in\\nthe Province. Courteous in manners, and disposed to culti-\\nvate the friendship of the people, the new Governor was\\nextremely popular, and the Assembly voted him a liberal sala-\\nry. He was a man of taste, delighted in agricultural improve-\\nments, and brought under cultivation a large farm in Wolfe-\\nborough, on which he erected an elegant mansion. The\\ngrand and romantic scenery around Winnepiseogee Lake, a\\nsplendid, though irregular sheet of water, embosomed by\\nsurrounding mountains, attracted him to this spot. Dwight", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "1769.] period vii.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 17G3\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1775. 115\\nproposed to call the lake. Went worth, in honor of this dis-\\ntinguished cultivator of its shores but the proposal has not\\nreceived the sanction of general adoption.\\nThough the Stamp Act was repealed, the design of raising\\na revenue from America was not abandoned. A bill passed\\nthe British Parliament imposing a duty in the Colonies upon\\nthe articles of glass, paper, paints, and tea and establishing\\na Custom House and Board of Commissioners to superintend\\nthe Collection. These duties, though small, were viewed as\\nintroductory to other and heavier ones, and as establishing a\\nprecedent tending to subject all American property to British\\ntaxation. A spirit of opposition burst forth from Maine to\\nGeorgia, and an agreement was formed, to a great extent, not\\nto import British Manufactures, till the obnoxious duties\\nshould be repealed. This was done with the hope, that the\\nembarrassments resulting to British Merchants and Manufac-\\nturers from the non-importation plan, would arouse them to\\nexert their influence in favor of the Colonies. In this Prov-\\nince the influence of Gov. Went worth, aided by that of his\\nnumerous and wealthy connexions, and of the crown officers,\\nprevented for some time the adoption of the agreement but\\nthe people in general were inflexibly opposed to the views\\nof Britain. The Bostonians became so exasperated as to\\nattack the houses of the Commissioners of the revenue, and\\nforce them to take refuge in the Castle. It being now appar-\\nent that the revenue laws could never be executed without\\nan armed force, two regiments of troops and several armed\\nvessels were sent to Boston in 1768. This step, far from\\noverawing the Americans, served only to render them the\\nmore determined in their opposition.\\nThe New-Hampshire Assembly consisted at this time of\\nthirty-one members, representing about thirty towns. Many\\nof the new towns were unrepresented. The Province con-\\ntained about sixty settled Ministers, Congregational and\\nPresbyterian eight Attorneys at Law eighty Justices of\\nthe Peace and ten Regiments of Militia.\\nAmid the controversies of the times, the interests of Edu-\\ncation were not forgotten. A College, the fourth in New-\\nEngland, was founded at Hanover, N. H. The Institution\\nwas originally designed chiefly for the education of Indians\\nand Missionaries to the Indians and the plan of it had been\\nconceived, many years before, by Mr. John Sergeant, Mis-\\nsionary to the Stockbridge Indians. This excellent man pro-\\ncured some benefactions towards the execution of his design\\nbut death interrupted his labors before any thing was brought", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "116 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1769\\nto maturity. After his death the plan was revived by the\\nRev. and pious Eleazer Wheelock, Minister of Lebanon,\\nCon., who established at that place a school for the education\\nof Indians and Missionaries to the Indian tribes. One of his\\npupils was Sampson Occum, a Mohegan Indian, who exhib-\\nited talents and conduct so respectable, that he was licensed\\nto preach the gospel, and sent to England to solicit benefac-\\ntions towards the establishment of a College. His appearance\\nthere as a preacher, and the creditable manner in which he\\nacquitted himself, excited the attention of pious and benevo-\\nJent persons, aud procured considerable sums of money,\\nwhich were placed in the hands of a Board of Trustees, of\\nwhich the Earl of Dartmouth was at the head.\\nDr. Wheelock was now invited to several of the Colonies,\\nwith offers of aid. By the advice of the benefactors in\\nEngland, he decided to accept the invitation of Gov. Went-\\nworth and other gentlemen in New-Hampshire, to establish\\nhis intended Institution in this Province, and the town of\\nHanover was selected as the most favorable situation. The\\nGovernor gave it a Charter of incorporation in 1769, and it\\ntook its distinctive name from the Earl of Dartmouth, a prin-\\ncipal benefactor. The whole region around was just begin-\\nning to emerge from a wilderness state the first College Edi-\\nfice was constructed of logs but the founder looked forward\\nto a rapid increase of population, and his views were not\\ndisappointed. In a short time the College rose into respec-\\ntability, and was endowed at different periods with considera-\\nble tracts of land both in this Province and Vermont. The\\nfirst President Wheelock, having amply merited an enrol-\\nment among the benefactors of mankind, died in 1779, and\\nwas succeeded in the Presidency by his son, the Hon. John\\nWheelock, who held the office for a period of thirty-six\\nyears. The first Commencement was in 1771 the first class\\nof graduates consisted of four, of whom one was the second\\nPresident. After the Revolutionary war, he visited Europe\\nto solicit aid for the College, and obtained valuable benefac-\\ntions. Dartmouth Hall, the largest of the present edifices,\\nwas erected in 1786.\\nPresident John Wheelock s successors in office have been\\nthe Rev. Drs. Brown, Dana, Tyler, and Lord. Including a\\nrespectable Medical Institution connected with it, the College\\nhas eight professorships, and libraries containing near 15,000\\nvolumes. The present number of students, not including\\nthose of the Medical Department, is about 170. The whole\\nnumber of graduates exceeds 1700, of whom 549 have been", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "1770.] period vii.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1741\u00e2\u0080\u0094 17G3. 117\\nMinisters of the Gospel. Many of the graduates have risen\\nto the highest stations, executive, legislative, judicial and liter-\\nary. Soon after the College was founded, the troubles atten-\\ndant on the Revolutionary War interrupted the intercourse\\nwith the Indian tribes, and made it impracticable to obtain\\nto any extent, their youth for the purpose of educating them.\\nBut though the particular end for which it was established\\nlias chiefly failed, it has yet accomplished other ends, of great\\nmagnitude and importance. The founders, if living, would\\nhave the satisfaction of knowing that it has produced its full\\nshare of eminent men in all the learned professions, and been\\nextensively useful to mankind.\\nThe sending of an armed force to Boston was justly regarded\\nby the Colonies as an effort to rivet the chains which had\\nbeen forged for them. Frequent disputes arose between the\\nsoldiers and citizens on the 5th of March, 1770, a party of the\\nsoldiers, having been highly provoked, fired on a collection of\\npeople and killed five persons. This event raised the popular\\nresentment to the point of high exasperation. The merchants\\nof some of the Colonies threatened to withdraw from all\\ncommercial intercourse with Portsmouth, unless the non-\\nimportation agreement were adopted there: a threat which\\nmoved the merchants and people of that town to unite in the\\nmeasure with their brethren abroad, the influence of the\\nGovernor and crown officers notwithstanding. Opposition to\\nthe duties now became so menacing, and the complaints of\\nthe English merchants and manufacturers, whose business was\\ncurtailed by the non-importation agreement of the Americans,\\nbecame so loud, as to induce the British Government to repeal\\nthe duties with the single exception of a duty of three pence\\nper pound on tea. This being retained avowedly as an asser-\\ntion of the right of Parliament to tax America, the opposition\\nof the colonists was not diminished by the partial repeal, and\\nthey entered into an agreement not to import tea. By the mass\\nof the people, the use of this favorite beverage was quite laid\\naside the few who drank it being compelled to do it secretly,\\nfor fear of falling under suspicion of indifference to the liber-\\nties of the country. Instances were not wanting of tea\\nparties sipping from the cup even in cellars and garrets, for\\nthe sake of eluding discovery.\\nDown to this period all the Judicial Courts had been holden,\\nand the public offices kept at Portsmouth. The labor and ex-\\npense of resorting thither bore hard on the people of the cen-\\ntral and western towns and had long been a matter of complaint.\\nThe rapid increase of population in the western and northern", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "118 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1772.\\nsections of the Province called aloud for the redress of the\\ngrievance. After many delays and difficulties, the Assembly\\npassed an act dividing the territory into five Counties, and\\nestablishing the necessary courts the plan however was not\\nto go into operation till the King s approbation should be\\nsignified, which was not done till 1771 Four of the Counties,\\nRockingham, Strafford, Hillsborough, and Grafton, were thus\\nnamed by Gov. Wentworth after English noblemen to whom\\nhe was attached Cheshire, after the County of that name in\\nEngland. Straftbrdand Grafton, then containing a less popu-\\nlation than the others, were not admitted to exercise a distinct\\njurisdiction till 1773. By subsequent divisions of the old\\nCounties, three new ones have been added Coos, in 1803\\nJMerrimac, in 1823 and Sullivan, in 1826.\\nTwo hunters, named Nash and Sawyer, in their excursious\\nin the northern woods, discovered about this time the celebra-\\nted Notch or Gap of the White Mountains a vast ravine,\\ninferior in extent and magnificence to none in the world.\\nThey received from the Province a grant of 2000 acres of land,\\nnear the Notch, in reward of the discovery. To all the pro-\\nprietors of lands on the upper part of Connecticut river, the\\ndiscovery was one of great importance, as furnishing their\\nnearest outlet to the ocean. The pass soon began to be used\\nas a channel of communication. Not many years afterwards,\\nan affecting incident imparted to it a melancholy interest, in\\naddition to that derived from the wildness and grandeur of\\nthe scenery. A young woman who had been residing at Jef-\\nferson, set out in winter to meet her lover in Portsmouth, un-\\nder the expectation of being there united to him in marriage.\\nHer course lay through the^Notch. From Jefferson to Bart-\\nlett, a distance of thirty miles, there was no house, and only\\na horse path for a road. She advanced with extreme difficulty\\nmore than twenty miles, when, overcome with cold and the\\nfatigue of walking in deep snows, she w rapped herself in her\\ncloak, lay down under a small tree, fell asleep, and never awoke.\\nAbout a month afterwards she was found a stiffened corpse.\\nThe tree under which she slept the sleep of death,is still pointed\\nout to the traveller as The Maid s Tree.\\nMr. Livius, a member of the Council, having conceived a\\ndisgust at some measures of the Governor, repaired to Eng-\\nland in 1772 and exhibited a complaint against him. On the\\nfirst hearing before the Lords of Trade, their report was un-\\nfavorable to Wentworth but on a re-hearing before a Com-\\nmittee of the King s Council, he was fully acquitted. This\\nresult was very acceptable to the people, and to the Assembly,", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "1773.] period vii.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1763\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1775. 119\\nwho at their next session presented to the Governor an Ad-\\ndress of congratulation. Thus far he had retained the good\\nwill of the people but the circumstances of the times placed\\nhim in an extremely difficult situation, and the necessity on\\nhis part of supporting the arbitrary acts of Parliament soon\\nimpelled him to measures, taken indeed with evident reluct-\\nauce, by which he forfeited his popularity.\\nIn 1773 the doctrine of universal sah ation was first preached\\nin New-Hampshire, by Mr. Murray of Boston. His efforts\\nwere followed a few years afterwards by the establishment at\\nPortsmouth of a church holding this principle. Others have\\nsince been formed in a considerable number of towns.\\nBenjamin Thompson, afterwards the celebrated Count Rum-\\nford, a native of Woburn, Ms., came to reside in the Province\\nnot far from the commencement of the year. He taught school\\nin Concord with success, and married a widow lady, daughter\\nof the Rev. and venerable Timothy Walker, the first minister\\nof this town. Possessing remarkable attractions both of person\\nand manners, he received many attentions, and was particu-\\nlarly noticed by Gov. Wentworth, who offered him a military\\ncommission. Little did his acquaintances here anticipate the\\nheight of distinction to which he was destined to rise. His\\nattachment to the British cause made his residence in New-\\nHampshire undesirable, and he repaired to England. There\\nhe gained the acquaintance and patronage of noblemen, and\\nacquired the honor of knighthood. Some flattering propo-\\nsals induced him to enter the service of the Duke of Bavaria,\\nin which country he was eminently useful, rose to the highest\\nmilitary rank, and was admitted into the order of nobility.\\nA recollection of his early attachments in Concord, then called\\nRumford, led him to add to his high title the name of Rum-\\nford. As a practical philosopher and philanthropist, his fame\\nspread through Europe and America and after his death in\\nFrance in 1814, an Eulogy on his character and scientific dis-\\ncoveries was iead before the National Institute. His career\\nis a striking instance of genius emerging from poverty and\\nobscurity, to the highest distinction. He evinced his friendly\\nremembrance of his native land by handsome bequests to\\nHarvard University, and the American Academy of Arts and\\nSciences.\\nSurveys of considerable portions of the Province w T ere made\\nin 1773 and 1774 by Mr. Holland, and the results exhibited in\\na large Map, which, some years after, was engraven in Lon-\\ndon, and published under the direction of Paul Wentworth,\\nEsq.", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "120 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 1774.]\\nThe non-importation of tea having occasioned an accumu-\\nlation of this article in the warehouses of the East India Com-\\npany, they were authorized to export their own teas on\\npayment of the duty of three pence per pound, and sent sev-\\neral cargoes to America. At some of the Colonial ports it\\nwas not permitted to he landed, and at Boston it was thrown\\ninto the sea. The first cargo destined for Portsmouth was\\nlanded in June, 1774, but the people compelled the consignee\\nto reship and send it away. A second cargo arriving after-\\nwards, consigned to the same person, the windows of his\\nlodgings were broken, and he thought it necessary to apply to\\nthe Governor for protection. This cargo also he was obliged\\nto reship, and send to Halifax.\\nPrior to these transactions,the Assembly had chosen a Com-\\nmittee of correspondence to communicate with the other Col-\\nonies on the common dangers, and the means of averting\\nthem on which the Governor adjourned, and soon after dis-\\nsolved them, in the hope that after this step the Committee\\nwould not venture to act. He found himself disappointed.\\nAt the call of the Committee the assembly met again and\\nthough the Governor went among them, declared their meet-\\ning illegal, and ordered them to disperse yet as soon as he\\nhad retired, they proceeded to write to all the towns in the\\nProvince, inviting them to send deputies to meet in Conven-\\ntion at Exeter, for the purpose of electing delegates to a Gen-\\neral Congress of the American Colonies. In reference to\\nthe public dangers, they appointed a day of fasting and prayer,\\nwhich the people observed with much solemnity. On this\\noccasion the Ministers of the Gospel, who were almost una-\\nnimously the advocates of the cause of liberty, warned their\\ncongregations of the unhallowed designs of arbitrary power,\\nand cast whatever of influence they possessed into the scale\\nof their country s rights.\\nThe Convention, to the number of eighty-five Dep-\\nuties, met in July, and chose Nathaniel Folsom and\\nJohn Sullivan to represent New-Hampshire in the first\\nAmerican Congress. Money to meet the expense of the del-\\negation, the towns furnished by the voluntary contribution of\\ntheir just proportions. In every part of the Province town-\\nmeetings were holden, in which the people passed resolutions\\nexpressive of their abhorrence of the measures of the British\\nGovernment, and their unalterable determination to maintain\\ntheir liberties. Gov. Wentworth, attached as he was to the\\nBritish interests, now saw that it would be impossible to pre-\\nvent New-Hampshire making common cause with the other", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "1774.] period vii.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1763\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1775. 121\\nColonies, and acknowledged the fact in his letters to the Eng-\\nlish Ministry. He beheld a power\u00e2\u0080\u0094 that of public opinion\\nrising into vigorous action, which he found himself utterly\\nunable to resist. The appellations of Whig and Tory had\\nnow come into common use, the former designating the friends\\nof American liberty, the latter the supporters of British pre-\\ntensions.\\nSeveral regiments of British troops under Gen. Gage occu-\\npied Boston and the trade of the town was ruined by the\\noppressive Act of Parliament, closing the harbor and remov-\\ning the custom house to Salem. Liberal contributions in money\\nand provisions, were made not only in this Province, but in\\nmost others, for the relief of the inhabitants, of whom not a\\nfew were reduced to beggary by the cessation of business.\\nIn this gloomy state of things the Continental Congress met\\nin September at Philadelphia. Their proceedings were marked\\nwith wisdom and moderation. They approved the opposition\\nof Massachusetts to the measures of the Ministry declared\\nthe resolution of all the Colonies to stand by that Province\\nagreed upon a Declaration of Rights bound themselves and\\ntheir constituents not to import British goods and framed a\\npetition to the King, and an address to the British Nation.\\nGov. Wentworth had thus far given less offence to the\\nfriends of liberty than any other of the royal Governors in\\nAmerica. His personal character was amiable but he found\\nit impossible both to please the English Ministry, and avoid\\noffending the people of his Province. The British troops in\\nBoston being destitute of barracks, and the carpenters of that\\nplace refusing to work for them, the Governor, on the appli-\\ncation of Gen. Gage, secretly employed an Agent to hire\\ncarpenters in Portsmouth. His conduct in this particular was\\nopenly denounced, even by some of his own family connec-\\ntions, who on this occasion silenced the voice of nature to\\ngive ear to the voice of patriotism the cry of reprobation was\\nloud\u00e2\u0080\u0094 his influence rapidly declined\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and the effective power\\nof government was transferred to the Committee of Safety,\\na body of men deriving their authority from the people through\\nthe medium of the Convention, and appointed to watch over\\nthe public interests. Strong popular feeling gave to the\\nrecommendations of the Committee all the force of law.\\nThe proceedings of the Continental Congress perfectly\\naccorded with the feelings of the people. At a meeting of\\nthe town of Portsmouth, it was voted to adhere to the non-\\nimportation association, to cnoose a Committee to observe\\nthe conduct of all persons hi relation to it, and in case of any\\nL", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "122 HisTORf Of neW-hampshire. [1775.\\nbeing hardy enough to violate it, to expose them by publish-\\ning their names in the Gazette. They bore testimony against\\nevery species of gambling, and enjoined industry aud frugal-\\nity. The heavy expenses formerly incurred in the matter of\\nfunerals and mourning dresses, were by general consent\\ncurtailed little was retained except mourning badges of\\nblack crape or ribbon.\\nNear the close of this eventful year, an express arrived\\nfrom Boston with the intelligence,, that the King in Council\\nhad prohibited the exportation of gunpowder and military\\nstores to America. It was also ascertained that armed vessels\\nwere to be sent with troops, to occupy the Fort commanding\\nthe entrance of Portsmouth harbor. The fort contained con-\\nsiderable quantities of powder, cannon, and small arms*\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nAware of the importance of securing these articles, John\\nSullivan of Durham, John Langdon, and Thomas Pickering\\nof Portsmouth, collected a body of men, seized the Fort, and\\ncarried off an hundred barrels of powder, the small arms, and\\nthe lighter pieces of cannon, before the Governor even suspec-\\nted the design. It was a bold but well timed enterprise,\\nexecuted just before the arrival of the Scarborough Frigate\\nand a sloop of war, with a party of soldiers from Boston, who\\ncame too late to effect their purpose. Secretary Atkinson,\\nwho was personally a friend to Langdon, told him he must\\ninstantly flee the country, or h s head would be the button\\nfor a gallows rope before the expiration of a week on which\\nthe by-standers declared that they would protect him at all\\nhazards. The arrival of the vessels of war with a military\\nforce, emboldened Governor Wentworth and his friends to\\nassociate for the support of the King s government but all\\nthe strength he could command was utterly incompetent to\\ncope with the force of the Province. A second Convention\\nof Delegates, chosen by the towns, met at Exeter in Jan. 1775,\\nelected John Sullivan and John Langdon Delegates from\\nNew-Hampshire to the second Continental Congress, and\\nappointed a Committee of Correspondence to watch over the\\npublic safety.\\nThe remaining part of the winter was passed in a state of\\nsuspense. Of the course which the British Ministry might\\ndecide to pursue, the people waited for intelligence with the\\ndeepest anxiety. The first spring ships brought reports that\\nthe prospects in England were favorable to conciliation but\\nsubsequent arrivals brought news of a very different aspect,\\nimporting that the petition of Congress to the King had been\\n.contemptiously rejected, that he had demanded an augmenta-", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "1775.] period tii.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1763\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1775. 123\\ntion of his forces both naval and military, and that now Acts\\nhad been passed by Parliament to restrain the commerce and\\nfisheries of the Colonists* Dr. Franklin, then in England,\\nwrote home to the Secretary of Congress, The sun of liberty\\nis set you must light up the candles of industry and econo-\\nmy. Apprehending that war Was inevitable, the Bostonians\\nbegan to remove into the country. No alternative was left the\\nAmericans but submission or open resistance and everv\\nmonth made it more apparent that the controversy mutt be\\ndecided by the bloody arbitrament of the sword.\\nThese were the times that tried men s souls. On the eve\\nof this contest with the power of Britain, the Thirteen United\\nColonies contained 3,000,000 inhabitants, of whom about 90,-\\n000 were in New-Hampshire. Of the events of the war, the\\nplan of this work will not admit of any considerable detail\\nthose only can be noticed with much particularity which oc-\\ncurred in the immediate vicinity, or in which the New-\\nHampshire troops took an active part.\\nIn the course of the twelve years included in this Period,\\nan unusual number of eminent persons deceased. Richard\\nand Thomas Wibird, Esquires, brothers and merchants in\\nPortsmouth, both died in 1765, leaving a very respectable\\nreputation as men and Christians. Richard was a member of\\nthe Council, and Judge of Probate. Thomas left handsome\\nlegacies to Harvard College, to Dr. Wheelock s Indian School,\\nand to the North Church in Portsmouth. The Hon. Henry\\nSherburne, a man constant and zealous in his devotional\\nexercises, and warmly attached to christian institutions, died\\nin 1767 having been for many years Speaker of the Assem-\\nbly, a Counsellor, and a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas,\\nthe duties of which offices he discharged with great fidelity.\\nThe year 1770 is the era of the death ofMr. Whitefield, which\\noccurred at Newbury Port. In the week preceding his death,\\nhe preached several times at Portsmouth and Exeter, in the\\nopen fields, to audiences so numerous that none of the build-\\nings could contain them. Such was the public sense of his\\nloss, that on the day of his funeral the bells of Portsmouth\\nwere tolled for several hours. These deaths were succeeded\\nafter no long intervals by those of Thomas Packer, who had\\nbeen for thirty years Sheriffof the Province; of Col. Thomas\\nWallingford of Somersworth, an extensive landholder and a\\nJudge of the Superior Court of Sampson Sheafe, a princi-\\npal merchant, and member of the Council j of the Rev. Arthur\\nBrowne, who had long been the minister of the Episcopal\\nsociety in Portsmouth and of the Hon, Daniel Peirce, Re-", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "124 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE [1775.\\ncorcler of Deeds and a Counsellor. Mr. Peirce read much\\nin Divinity, not as a science, but as a rule of conduct. Dr.\\nDoddridge was his favorite author, and the maxims deduced\\nfrom these studies regulated him both in public and private\\nlife. These brief notices make it apparent, that many of\\nthe public characters of New-Hampshire at that day, were\\nmen who cherished a deep reverence for the christian reli-\\ngion. This was extensively the fact in New-England at large.\\nMay the Legislators and influential men of succeeding gener-\\nations follow so praiseworthy an example.", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "PERIOD VIII\\nFROM THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR IN\\n1775, TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PRESENT CONSTITU-\\nTION OF THE STATE IN 1784.\\nThe first scene in the great drama of the Revolutionary\\nwar was opened at Lexington on the 19th of April, 1775. A\\nquantity of military stores and provisions having been collected\\nat Concord, Ms., the British Commander in Boston despatched\\na force to seize or destroy them. At Lexington, these troops\\nfound the militia of the town drawn up on the green to oppose\\nthem. The British Major Pitcairn rode toward the militia,\\ncrying out, Disperse, you rebels, throw down your arms and\\ndisperse. Not being .obeyed, he came nearer, discharged his\\npistol and ordered his men to fire eight of the militia fell\\ndead on the spot, and the rest retreated. After the enemy had\\ndeparted, the bodies of the slain were carried into Lexington\\nmeeting house, some of the seats of which for a time after-\\nwards exhibited the stains of their blood. The troops proceeded\\nto Concord, and destroyed a part of the stores but were\\nattacked on their retreat by the militia of the neighboring-\\ntowns, and must inevitably have been cut off, had they not\\nmet on the way a powerful reinforcement. Their total loss\\nwas 250 men that of the Americans, about eighty.\\nThe intelligence of this battle spread over the country like\\na roll of thunder, and aroused all America. It found Stark at\\nwork in his sawmill, and many others ploughing in their fields,\\nwho, instantly dropping the implements of labor, seized the\\nthe sword or musket, and hastened to the post of danger. In\\na few days ten thousand men, of whom 1200 were New-\\nHampshire militia, invested Boston. As many of the troops\\nof this Province as it was thought necessary to retain, were\\nformed into two regiments, under Colonels John Stark of\\nManchester and James Rcid of Londonderry.\\nIn May a new Assembly of Representatives, chosen in\\nL*", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "126 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE, [1775,\\ncompliance with the Governor s Writs of Election, met at\\nPortsmouth, to whom he earnestly recommended the adoption\\nof conciliatory measures. For the purpose of consulting their\\nconstituents they requested a short recess, which he granted\\nby adjourning them to the twelfth of June. A few days after\\ntheir adjournment, a third Convention of Delegates from an\\nhundred and two towns, chosen at the request of the Commit-\\ntee of Correspondence, met at Exeter, and chose Matthew\\nThornton, then of Londonderry, to be their President, In\\nthis body was included a full and equal representation of the\\npeople. The lormer Legislative Assemblies had been consti-\\ntuted of Representatives from those towns only to whom the\\nGovernor thought proper to send Writs of Election. In many\\ninstances, towns respectable for age and population had been\\nleft unrepresented.\\nThe Convention took a bold stand, and adopted the most\\nenergetic measures for the support of the American cause.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nIn addition to the two regiments already in service, they voted\\nto raise a third, to be commanded by Col. Poor the whole to\\nconsist of 2000 men. They elected a new Secretary and\\nTreasurer, and appointed a Committee of Supplies for the\\narmy, and a Committee of Safety, the latter of which con-\\nstituted the Supreme Executive, and possessed in the recess\\nof the Convention very extensive powers. Secretary Atkinsom\\ndeclined to deliver the records of his office, alleging that it\\nwould be an act contrary to his honor and his oath but stated\\nthat he had no thoughts of attempting to maintain possession\\nof them by force. Their removal being considered indispen-\\nsable to their safety, a Committee of the Convention afterwards\\nentered his office, and in opposition to his remonstrances took\\npossession of the archives, and removed them to Exeter.\\nThey offered him a receipt for the papers, which he refused\\nto receive declaring that he would be concerned in tho\\ntransaction only as a passive spectator. The Convention\\nemitted bills of credit, which for some time passed as current\\nmoney reorganized the Militia into twelve regiments, out of\\nwhich they enlisted four regiments of minute-men provided\\na force for the defence of Portsmouth harbor, and a company\\nof rangers to protect the new settlements on Connecticut\\nriver, which had been extended northward to Stewartstown.\\nThe few scattered inhabitants of the most northern towns\\ndeserted their habitations after the commencement of hostili-\\nties. For the security of those who resided lower down the\\nriver, a small fort was constructed in Northumberland, and\\nentrusted to the command of Capt. EameSc", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "1775.] period viii.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1775\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1784. 127\\nAs a specimen of the feelings which extensively pervaded\\nthe people of New-Hampshire in this day of peril, the reader\\nmay take the following extract from an Address of the- Con-\\nvention to their constituents, of the date of June We\\nseriously and earnestly recommend the practice of that pure\\nand undefiled religion, which embalmed the memory of our\\npious ancestors, as that alone on which we can build a solid\\nhope and confidence in the Diving protection and favor\\nwithout whose blessing, all the means of safety we have or\\ncan propose, will end in our shame and disappointment.\\nBetween the inhabitants of Portsmouth, and the crew of\\nthe Scarborough Frigate, then lying in the harbor, subsisted\\nstrong feelings of suspicion and hostility. The crew began\\nto dismantle the Fort, and to capture vessels bringing to the\\ntown supplies of provisions. A party of citizens, desirous of\\npreserving for the future exigencies of the country, all the\\nmilitary stores within their reach, went to a battery on Great\\nIsland, and seized and brought off eight pieces of heavy can-\\nnon.\\nSoon after this transaction the Assembly, at the expiration\\nof their adjournment, again met, when the Governor renew-\\nedly recommended measures of conciliation. But he found\\nthe public mind in such a temper as rendered it utterly un-\\nmanageable. He had sent Writs of Election to three towns\\nnot before represented, in which resided some of his political\\nfriends, in the expectation that they, would be returned as\\nmembers. The House expelled the members from these\\ntowns on which he again adjourned the Assembly, without\\ngiving them an opportunity to pass any further acts. One of\\nthe expelled members venturing to speak reproachfully of\\nthe friends of liberty, was threatened with an assault, and\\ncompelled to flee for refuge to the Governor s house. In a\\nperemptory manner the people demanded that he should be\\ngiven up Wentworth refused to comply but a mounted\\ncannon being pointed at his house, he yielded to the demand.\\nAfter this open insult he took up his residence in the Fort,\\nunder protection of the Frigate, and his house was plundered.\\nIn a leter to Secretary Atkinson dated from Castle William\\nand Mary, he says, We shall rejoice exceedingly to see you\\nin this our pleasant retirement, where we breathe a good air,\\nand have some safety from unreasonable attacks.\\nOn the 17th of June was fought the sanguinary battle of\\nBunker hill. A party of Americans had thrown up in the\\npreceding night a small redoubt, about eight rods square, on\\nthe summit of Breed s hill in Charlestown. As soon as the", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "128 HISTORY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. [1775.\\ndawn of morning disclosed the work to the view of the British\\nin Boston, they poured upon it an incessant shower of shot\\nand bombs in despite of which, our men continued to work\\ntill they had constructed a slight breastwork, extending from\\nthe east side of the redoubt towards Mystic river. The enemy\\nthen determined to storm the works. Soon after noon, (the\\nday being exceedingly hot) the flower of their army crossed\\nfrom Boston to Charlestown, and landed at Moreton s Point.\\nWhile the main body of the Americans occupied the redoubt,\\na detachment of New-Hampshire militia was posted behind\\nthe breastwork, extending eastward towards the Mystic.\\nThousands of spectators on the steeples and roofs in in Boston,\\nand on all the neighboring hills, stood gazing, and awaiting\\nin breathless suspense the issue of the approaching conflict. In\\nthe mean time Charlestown was set on fire by order of the\\nBritish General, in the hope that the smoke of the conflagra-\\ntion wonld favor the approach of his troops the lofty steeple\\nof the Church forming a pyramid of fire, towering far above\\nthe other sheets of flame. The British lines advanced slowly\\nto the assault the Americans sustained their fire till they\\ncame within twelve rods, and then poured upon the enemy\\nsuch a destructive fire as compelled them to retreat with pre-\\ncipitate confusion, leaving the declivity strewed with the dead\\nand wounded. Again they formed, and renewed the attack\\nit was a second time followed with the same disastrous result.\\nSome British officers exclaimed, It is downwright butchery\\nto lead on the men afresh but an high sense of honor im-\\npelled them to the effort. On the third attack, the ammunition\\nof the Americans failed after opposing for a little space the\\nbut-ends of their muskets to the British bayonets, they were\\ncompelled to yield the redoubt to the enemy. The New-\\nHampshire troops, posted behind the breast work on the left\\nof the main body, behaved with distinguished bravery, and\\nmade good the defence of their position, till the loss of the\\nredoubt exposed them to the danger of having their retreat\\ncut off\u00e2\u0080\u0094 when they reluctantly retired. In the battle, and in\\nthe retreat over Charlestown neck, where they were exposed\\nto a raking fire from ships of War, they lost several men\\namong whom they particularly lamented Major Andrew Mc-\\nClary, of Epsom, who was killed by a cannon shot, and Capt\\nBaldwin of Hillsborough. The British loss, in killed and\\nwounded, was more than 1000 men that of the Americans,\\nless than 400. To the former, the battle had all the consequen-\\nces of a defeat to the latter, those of a victory. All the rest", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "177q.] period viii.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1775\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1784. 129\\nof the year the British were cooped up in Boston, unable to\\nundertake any enterprise of importance.\\nIt is a remarkable fact that the sound of cannon at Bunker\\nHill was distinctly heard, by applying the ear to the ground,\\nat several places in the interior of this State, particularly at\\nPlymouth, Hanover, and Haverhill, some of them distant\\nfrom the scene of action more than 100 miles. However\\nstrange it may be thought, the matter is established by the tes-\\ntimony of witnesses so numerous and respectable, as to place\\nit beyond reasonable doubt. It belongs to history to verify\\nthe fact an explanation of it must be sought elsewhere.\\nThe Scarborough continued to intercept vessels bound to\\nPortsmouth, and prevented the fishing boats of the town from\\ngoing out of the harbor. The inhabitants retaliated by refu-\\nsing to allow the frigate any supplies of fresh provisions. On\\nthedeparture of the armed vessels for Boston, parties of vol-\\nunteers, under Maj. Worthen, seized the opportunity to erect\\ntwo new forts on Trefethen and Pierce s islands, forming a\\nnarrow channel about a mile below Portsmouth. These for-\\ntifications were furnished with cannon, and were thought to\\nadd much to the security of the town.\\nIn September, Gov. Wentworth, who had taken passsage^\\nto Boston in one of the ships of war, returned to the Isles of\\nShoals, and from Gosport issued a Proclamation for another\\nadjournment of the Assembly. Soon after this last act of his\\nadministration here, he took his final leave of New-Hamp-\\nshire. His disposition was amiable, and his measures as\\nmoderate as could be expected from one, who was under ofn-\\ncial obligation to oppose the American cause. He watched\\nwith intense solicitude, the progress of the controversy, and\\nhis wishes to effect a reconciliation between the Colonies and\\nthe mother country, were unquestionably sincere. His feel-\\nings are strongly depicted in the following extract of a letter\\nto one of his friends Our atmosphere threatens an hurri-\\ncane. I have in vain striven almost to death to prevent it.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nIf I can at last bring but of it safety to my country and honor\\nto my sovereign, my labors will be joyful. When the Brit-\\nish troops evacuated Boston, he went with them to Nova-\\nScotia. He was afterwards Governor of this Province, and\\ndied there in 1820, at an advanced age.\\nBy the conflagration of Portland, by a British naval force,\\nin October, fears were excited that an attempt would be made\\nto inflict on Portsmouth a similar injury. Washington, having\\ntaken the chief command of the American army, sent Gen.\\nSullivan, who had been appointed a Major General by Con-", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "VTSHIKX.\\nsuperintend the preparatio: r^-:. The forts\\n-epaired an attempt was mai m a boom across\\ns \\\\ared to burn the ene*\\ninto the count-\\nround sufficient empleyineii:\\nthe pf\u00c2\u00abehende ade,\\na southeast 3iuh light\\np tcscnt ing an inhospitable and dreary aspect. F i\\nbelong to Maine rgestieSiai\\nktaad, t n\u00e2\u0080\u0094aimaj, 150 acres, are\\nrlamr^ure\\nnTes*edv\u00c2\u00ab F:r:v\\nthe islands had been populous, con-\\naiedng some hunch* aaV e enraged in the fisheries.\\nvrfr- :\u00e2\u0080\u009e:i: :i; _:v :h.:.\\\\.r\\n;_- .t j l r\\n.a i -j i-.n:;:::*: per* nil safety,\\nbut bT a patriotic rersrd ri-can cause. The princi-\\n7^ :l_._ ..\u00e2\u0080\u00a2:.-_-..- J ::v.-j i\\nhat mi coast and as business\\nof the isiands was almost w aned n or have d nw-\\nIn mis place as well as in any other, we may break the thread\\nof the narration, by stating a few addraooal particulars in reia-\\nI\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2_ _r _~ _\u00c2\u00ab :z ~s.i y\\ni nsberies. In the rocks are many chasms\u00e2\u0080\u0094 -one of\\nr- \u00e2\u0096\u00a0.:_-\u00c2\u00a3 :1 ry .i _ re i rein:, e.\\nconcealed herself when the Indians\\ni i ly s: :i v :il--i\\nV. .:_\\n_tere are\\n:_\\nf\\na hirii price. The drink of the\\ntiwnr, a Bqpor composed of spruce beer", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "pxaroD tiii. 1773 13\\nTreat injur: fcotl\\nrid men I- r\\nI\\ntheir\\nto neglect your d\\ncatch\\nship\\nT\\ni-\\n1732, the\\nTucke was ordainei ^se Islands, and\\niied to the tLshercner- irs.\\nThe sercaon art\\nFitch of Portsmouth from the appropria\\nyou Ushers of me His saii-\\nhution of a quir -sherman, the whole\\nniiml\\nan ample\\ntwo men na\\ndence they found th acd a\\nremoval. Whither shou:. ro\\nthey resorted to the sinsrul\\nwith the i--\\nhappen to falL Per\\nand he accordii- Gibbon s fell north-\\nmd in compliance with the intimation, he rem-: I\\nthat part of Maine known I :ent.\\nTo return firom the digr Ixeter.\\nwhich has beer. je months, coBtiiiiieal\\ntheir labors with little intermission, and exercised a\\nlive powers of government. By the disolution of tin", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "132 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [177G\\ngovernment, an event necessarily resulting from the final\\ndeparture of the Governor and some of the Counsellors, the\\naffairs of the Province were thrown into a critical state. A\\nconviction that some kind of civil Constitution, suited to the\\npublic exigencies, must be formed and that without delay\\nbecame general and it led to an application to the Continen-\\ntal Congress for advice. It was given and in pursuance of\\nit, the Convention called on the towns to elect another Con-\\nvention, to meet in December, empowered to assume govern-\\nment and frame a Constitution, to continue in force during\\nthe War. The new Convention met at Exeter in December,\\nand elected Col. Thornton to be their President. As soon as\\npossible after their meeting, they prepared a Plan of Gov-\\nernment, and then resolved themselves into an House of\\nRepresentatives. The new Plan created a Council of twelve\\npersons, to be chosen in the first instance by the House, and\\nto constitute a co-ordinate branch of the Legislature. It\\nprovided that a new Legislature should be elected annually\\nby the people that no act should be valid, unless passed by\\nboth branches that the public officers of the Province, and\\nand the General and field Officers of the Militia, should be\\nelected by the two Houses. It established the necessary Ju-\\ndicial Courts. The executive powers were to be exercised by\\nthe the two Houses when in session and in their recess, by a\\nCommittee of Safety appointed by the Legislature, the\\nPresident of the Council to be President of this Executive\\nCommittee. This Constitution, hastily prepared, and of course\\ndeficient in its provisions,went into operation in January 1776.\\nMeshech Weare of Hampton Falls, a man remarkable for fi-\\ndelity and unwearied application to business, was elected\\nPresident of the Council, and appointed Chief Justice of the\\nSuperior Court. The confidence of his fellow-citizens invest-\\ned him with the highest offices, legislative, executive, and ju-\\ndicial and continued him at tbe head of the government\\nduring the war, and afterwards, till age compelled him to retire\\nto the shade of private life.\\nAmong the reasons assigned by the Convention to justify\\ntheir assumption of government, were the following the\\noppressive acts of the British Government the invasion of\\nthe country by its troops the sudden and abrupt departure of\\nthe late Governor the fact that no Courts were open for the\\ntrial and punishment of offenders, p and that the property and\\nlives of the inhabitants were of course in a state of insecurity.\\nIn March, the Council and Assembly sitting at Exeter,issued\\na Proclamation, stating that they had established a Plan of", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "1776.] period viii.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1775\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1784. 133\\nGovernment, and appointed the necessary officers for the\\nadministration of Justice in the several Counties and forbid-\\nding all persons to claim or exercise any civil jurisdiction not\\nderived from them.\\nEven at this period, the Legislature had not relinquished all\\nexpectations of a satisfactory adjustment of the controversy\\nwith Great Britain. In the preamble of the Instrument which\\ncreated the Plan of Government, and introduced into New-\\nHampshire a Republican system of polity, they say, We\\nshall rejoice if such a reconciliation between us and our parent\\nState can be effected, as shall be approved by the Continental\\nCongress. They were at the same time determined not to\\nyield the great points in debate. Popular resentment had for\\nsome time run high against those who justified the oppressive\\nmeasures of the British Ministry, or refused to unite with their\\nfellow citizens in the defence of American liberties. Some of\\nthese individuals had withdrawn to Nova Scotia, or sought\\nrefuge with the British troops in Boston while others had\\nbeen imprisoned or restrained within the limits of their res-\\npective towns or neighborhoods. In some instances which\\noccurred in Massachusetts, a guard was set over them at their\\nown houses a circumstance which led one of them, a man of\\nwit, who had been repeatedly put under guard at home, to\\nremark that he was guarded, regarded, and disregarded.\\nThat some of these persons were treated with an harshness,\\nas unnecessary as it was repugnant to the princijjles of human-\\nity, is not to be denied.\\nThe investment of Boston was in the mean time continued.\\nAmong the numerous forces who surrounded the town, were\\nsixteen companies of New-Hampshire militia, who, on the\\nexpiration of the enlistment of the Connecticut troops, had\\nmarched to Cambridge to supply their places. Alarmed at the\\nfortifications constructed on Dorchester heights, the British\\nfleet and army, in March, evacuated Boston and repaired to\\nHalifax, carrying with them numbers of American adherents\\nto the royal cause, who fled from the indignation of their\\ncountrymen. Washington entered the town with colors dis-\\nplayed, drums beating, and other demonstrations of triumph.\\nIt exhibited but a melancholy spectacle the public buildings-\\nhaving been defaced, the churches stripped of their pews and\\nbenches for fuel, and many of the houses and stores plun-\\ndered by the soldiery.\\nFour regiments were raised in New-Hampshire for the\\nservice of 1776. One, raised in the western part of the Pro-\\nvince under Col. Bedel, was destined to act in Canada. The\\nM", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "134 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE- [1776.\\nothers marched under Washington to New- York, then sup-\\nposed to be the intended point of attack on the part of the\\nBritish. Soon after their arrival, they were placed under the\\ncommand of Gen. Sullivan and ordered to Canada, to reinforce\\nthe troops, who, having invaded that country, had been defea-\\nted under the walls of Quebec, and were retreating before a\\nsuperior force. At the mouth of the Sorel, Sullivan met the\\nretreating army but found the united forces of the Americans\\nunable to cope with the enemy. The small pox spread through\\nthe camp and disabled many of the men. A considerable\\nbody of New-Hampshire troops, stationed at a post called The\\nCedars, forty miles above Montreal, were captured by a force\\nof British and Indians, who had descended the St. Lawrence\\nto attack them. In consequence of the death of Gen. Thomas\\nby the small pox, and the capture of Gen. Thompson, Sullivan\\nsucceeded to the chief command and finding a retreat indis-\\npensable, conducted it with much address the British pursuing\\nso closely as hardly to allow the men time to cook their\\nvictuals. In June the Americans evacuated Canada, and not\\nlong after retired to Ticonderoga.\\nIn the midst of these hostilities, the Colonies had continued\\nto profess allegiance to the King, and a wish for reconciliation\\nwith Britain. Some of the bolder spirits had indeed been\\nlong ripe for a declaration of Independence but the mass of\\nthe people were not so soon prepared for so adventurous a\\nstep. The progress of the contest gradually produced a con-\\nviction that resistance had gone too far to admit a cordial\\nreconciliation, and that a return, on any terms, to their former\\nconnection with an irritated government, woidd be hazardous.\\nThese views at length inclined the people at large to take a\\nbold stand. In June, the Legislature of New-Hampshire,\\nfollowing the example of some other Colonies, passed a reso-\\nlution, empowering and instructing their Delegates in Congress\\nto unite with those of the other Colonies in a Declaration of\\nIndependence. Such a Declaration was issued on the 4th of\\nJuly, by which the Thirteen United Colonies became\\nfree, sovereign, and independent States, and all political con-\\nnexion between them and Great Britain was forever dissolved.\\nThis measure was hailed with enthusiasm by a great majority\\nof the people. The Declaration was brought by express to\\nExeter, and read by John Taylor Gilman to an assemblage\\nof his fellow citizens, listening with unutterable emotions his\\nown mind at one moment being so transported with the feelings\\ninspired by the great event, as to render him for a little time\\nincapable of proceeding in the reading. In the shire towns of", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "1777.] period viii.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1775\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1784. 135\\nthe several Counties it was published with the beat of (hum.\\nThe signers on the part of New-Hampshire of this memorable\\nInstrument, were John Langdon and William Whipple of\\nPortsmouth, and Matthew Thornton of Londonderry. From\\nthis time the style of Colony or Province was discontinued,\\nand the more important one of State assumed.\\nIt were foreign from our plan to detail the reverses of the\\nAmerican army near New- York, and their disastrous retreat,\\npressed by a victorious enemy, across New- Jersey into Penn-\\nsylvania, Late in the year, the regiments of this State, with\\nranks thinned by the united ravages of small pox, dysentery,\\nand putrid fever, marched from Ticonderoga, joined the rem-\\nnant of the army under Washington, and materially assisted\\nin the brilliant affairs of Trenton and Princeton successes,\\nwhich stemmed the tide of disaster and revived the drooping\\nspirits of the country. Notwithstanding the army was ill fed,\\nand so miserably clad, that their marches might have been\\ntraced by the blood which oozed from their naked feet the\\nNew-Hampshire troops evinced a noble devotion to the cause\\nof their country, and at the earnest solicitation of Generals\\nSullivan and Stark, consented to serve amid these privations\\nand sufferings, for several weeks after the period of their\\nenlistment had expired. Home, with all its attractions, could\\nnot induce them to leave, in the hour of peril, the standard of\\ntheir country.\\nThe people of the New-Hampshire Grants, forming the\\npresent State of Vermont, viewed the Declaration of Inde-\\npendence as reducing them to a state of nature, and leav-\\ning them destitute of government. To the pretensions of\\nNew- York they were determined not to yield they indeed\\ncould not, without making their land titles invalid. After due\\ndeliberation, they concluded to organize themselves into a\\ndistinct and independent State. A Convention of Delegates\\nfrom the several towns west of Connecticut river, met at\\nWestminster, early in 1777; which declared the said territory\\nto be an independent jurisdiction by the name of Vermont,\\nami mode application to Congress for the admission of their\\nDelegates to seats in that body. The opposition of New-\\nYork at first, and afterwards that of New-Hampshire, defeat-\\nsd their application, and several years elapsed before the\\nrecognition of their independence by the other States. In\\nihe mean time they maintained the ground they had taken,\\nand exercised all the powers of an independent government,\\nThree regiments were raised in New-Hampshire on long\\nenlistments, commanded by Colonels Cilley, Hale, and Scam-", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "136 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE [1777.\\nmell, and sent on to Ticonderoga at the opening of the season,\\n1777. The whole constituted a brigade under the command\\nof Gen. Enoch Poor. On the approach of the British Gen.\\nBurgoyne with a powerful army from Canada, Ticonderoga\\nwas judged to be indefensible, and was abandoned. The\\nBritish pursued the retreating Americans, overtook Col. Hale s\\nregiment, which formed the rear-guard, and made prisonors\\nof the Colonel and one hundred of his men. In another\\nskirmish on the retreat, Capt.Weare, son of President Weare,\\nwas mortally wounded. Under the command of General\\nSchuyler, the American army retired to Stillwater, and thence\\nto the Mohawk taking care to obstruct the roads by felling\\ntrees and destroying bridges, so as to impede the advance of\\nthe enemy. The report of the evacuation of Ticonderoga,\\nthe Gibraltar of the north, struck New-England with aston-\\nishment and alarm. Vermont lay open to the ravages of the\\nBritish. By the Committee of Safety of that State, an urgent\\napplication was made to New-Hampshire, advising that unless\\nspeedy and powerful aids were afforded, they should be over-\\nrun by the enemy and driven from their habitations.\\nOn the reception of this intelligence, the Legislature was\\nimmediately convened, and in a session of only three days\\nadopted measures worthy of the crisis. They organized the\\nwhole of the militia into two brigades, under Generals Whip-\\nple and Stark, and detached the latter with a considerable\\nforce to arrest the progress of the enemy authorizing him\\nto act in conjunction with the troops of other States, or inde-\\npendently,as he might think proper. Funds were indispensable\\nto meet the expenses of this expedition, and where to obtain\\nthem they knew not. In this emergency, Mr. Langdon,\\nSpeaker of the House, offered to loan the country three thou-\\nsand hard dollars, together with the avails of his plate and of\\na quantity of West India produce then on his hands, remarking,\\nthat if the American cause were sustained he should get his\\npay if otherwise, that the property would be of no value to\\nnim. He also engaged in the service as a volunteer, and\\nother distinguished citizens folio utd ido pati-iotJp pyample\\nGen. Stark collected his troops at Bennington on the ninth of\\nAugust, and soon ascertained the approach of a large body of\\nHessians under Col. Baum, whom Burgoyne had detached to\\ncollect, in Vermont, horses and cattle for the use of his army.\\nStark sent forward a party under Col. Gregg to skirmish with\\nthe enemy, and marched with his whole force the next morn-\\ning to support him. On his way, he met Gregg retreating\\nbefore a superior force but the enemy, as soon as they dis-", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "1777.] period viii.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1775\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1784. 137\\ncovered Stark s main body, halted and declined an engagement\\nthat day. The next day was rainy, and nothing important\\nwas done. On the day following, having received small\\nreinforcements of Massachusetts and Vermont militia, making\\nhis whole force sixteen hundred, the American General at-\\ntacked the Hessians, and after an obstinate conflict of two\\nhours, forced their breastwork and compelled them to retreat\\nwith loss, leaving behind them two pieces of brass cannon.\\nSoon after his men had dispersed themselves in pursuit of\\nplunder or fugitives, Capt. Bradford discovered the approach\\nof a large reinforcement of Hessians under Col. Breyman, in-\\ncreased by the remnants of Baum s division which had escaped\\nthe scene of their defeat and he immediately communicated\\nthe fact to his Commander. Happily, Warner s Vermont\\nRegiment arrived on the field from Manchester in season to\\ncheck the enemy, till Stark rallied his men, renewed the\\nbattle, and again put the foe to flight. Two hundred and\\nthirty Hessians lay dead on the field, and more than seven\\nhundred were made prisoners among the latter was Col.\\nBaum, their Commander, who was mortally wounded. A\\nbody of Indians who had attended his march, finding as they\\n6aid that the woods were full of Yankees, deserted him the\\nday before the battle. This decisive victory, achieved by the\\nbravery of the New-Hampshire militia, gave a turn to the\\naffairs of the war, relieved the surrounding States from their\\ngloomy apprehensions of being overrun by the enemy, and\\npaved the way for the capture of Burgoyne s whole army.\\nThe principal officers who held subordinate commands in\\nthis important battle, were Colonels William Gregg of Lon-\\ndonderry, Moses Nichols of Amherst, and Thomas Stickney\\nof Concord. In a letter from Jefferson to Stark, written many\\nyears afterwards, it was justly remarked that the victory of\\nBennington was the first link in the chain of successes which\\nled to the capitulation of Saratoga. It might have been ad-\\nded, that this capitulation was the first guarantee of the final at-\\ntainment of American Independence.\\nIn the arrangement of officers the preceding year, Gen.\\nPoor, a junior officer had been promoted over Stark, and his\\nletters of remonstrance to Congress, not receiving due atten-\\ntion, he retired in disgust from the service. He was now\\nacting under the authority, not of Congress, but of the Legis-\\nlature of New-Hampshire, and felt under no obligation to\\ncorrespond with the former body. They heard of his victory,\\nand expected despatches from him but waited in vain. In\\nanswer to the enquiry why he did not write them, he replied.\\nM*", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "138 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1777.\\nthat as his former letters hadbeen neglected,his correspondence\\nwith that body was at an end. His merit and brilliant success\\nenforced the justice of his complaint, and he was appointed a\\nBrigadier General in the army of the United States.\\nVolunteers from all parts of New-England nocked to the\\narmy under Gen. Gates, which was opposed to that under\\nBurgoyne. Gen. Whipple, with a strong reinforcement of\\nNew-Hampshire militia, repaired to the scene of action. The\\nBritish General, transporting his provisions and artillery with\\nextreme difficulty, and annoyed by the New-Hampshire and\\nVermont militia, hanging, according to his own repre-\\nsentation, like a black cloud on his left, opened his way\\nto Stillwater, where the opposing armies came in contact.\\nAfter the fierce encounter of the 19th of September, in which\\nLieut. Colonels Adams of Durham and Colburn of New-\\nMarlboro were slain and the no less bloody combat of the\\n7th of October, which proved fatal to Col. Conner, a volunteer\\nfrom Pembroke the British General found it impossible\\neither to advance or retreat. Every part of his camp was\\nexposed to the American fire even into his own apartment,\\nat a moment when he and his chief officers were engaged in\\nconsultation, a cannon ball is said to have entered, passing\\nacross the table around which they were sitting. On the 17th\\nof October he surrendered his army of 7000 men prisoners\\nof war, who were sent under the direction of several officers,\\nof whom Gen. Whipple was one, to their destined quarters\\nnear Boston. This great event not only filled America with\\njoy, but decided the French Court to acknowledge our inde-\\npendence, and aid us in the conflict.\\nThe love of liberty is one of the most powerful stimulants\\nof human exertion. It was this which inspired the people of\\nthis State to make efforts, so powerfully contributing to over-\\nwhelm Burgoyne. By a little incident which happened to\\nGen. Whipple on his march to join the army, the efficacy of\\nthis principle was finely illustrated, He had an intelligent\\nnegro servant named Prince. On some occasion he said to\\nhim, Should we be called into action, I hope you will behave\\nlike a man, and fight bravely for your country. Prince\\nrepiied, Sir, I have no inducement to fight, but if Iliad my\\nliberty I would endeavor to defend it to the last drop of my\\nblood. Struck with the justness of the sentiment, the General\\nsai to him, Prince, you shall have your freedom from this\\ntime you are your own man.\\nOn the surrender of the British army, the New-Hampshire\\nregular troops marched forty miles in fourteen hours, and", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "1778.] period viii.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1775\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1784. 139\\nforded the Mokawk near its mouth. Their object was to\\nattack a British force from New- York, which had come up\\nthe Hudson to aid Burgoyne, and had been ravaging the coun-\\ntry below Albany. On learning the fact of his surrender, the\\nenemy did not await an attack, but hastened down the river.\\nThe troops continued their march to Pennsylvania, and joining\\nthe army under Washington, took part in the battle of Ger-\\nmantown, in which Maj. Sherburne, aid to Gen. Sullivan, was\\nslain.\\nNear the close of the year, Articles of confederation\\nwere agreed to by Congress, and were afterwards ratified by\\nthe States. These articles united them in a league of friendship\\nand alliance, and served for more than eleven years as the\\nthe basis of a General Government. The commencement of\\n1778 found American affairs in a gloomy state. As Congress\\ndid not possess the necessary powers to command the resour-\\nces of the country, the army was ill paid, ill fed, and ill clad.\\nMany of the soldiers, in the depth of winter, were destitute of\\nshoes and blankets many sickened and died. The bills cf\\ncredit,which constituted the chief currency of the States, had\\nfallen to one fourth their nominal value. A depreciation so\\ngreat could have no other than distressing results. Fraudulent\\ndebtors discharged their obligations with a currency, that gave\\nthe honest creditor but a small part of the just value of his\\nclaim the articles of living rose to an enormous price a door\\nbeing opened wide to every kind of speculation, the simple\\nand unsuspecting became the prey of the cunning. Laws\\nwere enacted, but in vain, against monoply and extortion.\\nNumerous Conventions were holden to regulate the prices of\\nlabor and provisions but modes of evading such regulations\\nwere easily found out. The paper currency continued to de-\\npreciate till near the close of the war, when it had fallen so\\nlow that an hundred dollars in paper were worth but one in\\nsilver. As loans and supplies from Europe had introduced a\\nmetalic currency, the paper ceased to circulate but not till it\\nhad involved in absolute ruin many individuals, who, in ex-\\nchange perhaps for their farms, had been compelled to receive\\nit, when almost worthless, at its nominal value.\\nSeveral citizens of New-Hampshire engaged in the enter-\\nprise of annoying the commerce of the enemy by privateering.\\nNot content with scouring the Atlantic, they in some instances\\nrounded the North Cape of Europe, and penetrated into the\\ndreary expanse of the Arctic Ocean, in quest of British vessels.\\nAt least one American privateer visited a port in Lapland, and", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "140 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1778.\\nheld some communication with the inhabitants of that remote\\nand frozen region.\\nEarly this year, the daring and celebrated naval Commander,\\nJohn Paul Jones, sailed from Portsmouth in the Ranger, a\\nprivateer of that port destined to act against the British com-\\nmerce. He landed both in England and Scotland, and plun-\\ndered the house of the Earl of Selkirk. After landing his\\nplunder in France, he again put to sea and sailed to the Irish\\ncoast. Having learned that the British ship of war Drake was\\nthen lying in Waterford harbor, he sent to her Captain a chal-\\nlenge for a combat, which was accepted. The ships met and\\nfought after an action of an hour and a quarter, the Drake,\\nhaving had an hundred and eighty of her men killed or woun-\\nded, struck her colors to the Ranger. The loss of the American\\nvessel was only twenty. After this victory Jones left the\\nRanger for another ship, the Bonne Homme Richard, in which\\nhis exploits rendered him the terror of the British seas.\\nIn the early stages of the contest a number of individuals,\\nattached to the royal cause, had left the State and cast them-\\nselves on the protection of the British. The Legislature made\\nout a list of seventy eight persons of this description, who\\nwere proscribed as enemies to their country. They were\\ncalled refugees: the estates of many of them were confiscated,\\nand they were forbidden to return. If they returned a second\\nlime the penalty was death.\\nThe New-Hampshire Brigade under Gen. Poor, bore a\\nconspicuous part in the battle of Monmouth, fought on the\\ntwenty-eighth of June, in which Colonels Cilley and Dearborn\\nparticularly distinguished themselves. So intense was the\\nheat of the day, that almost an hundred men, including the\\nvictims in both armies, died of exposure to it the tongues of\\nsome of them being so swollen as to protrude out of the mouth.\\nIn July, a powerful French fleet, destined to co-operate against\\nthe British, arrived on the coast. It was concluded, after due\\nconsultation, to make a combined attack by sea and land on\\nthe forces of the enemy stationed at Newport in Rhode-Island.\\nThe French were to execute the naval part of the enterprise\\nthe superintendence of the military part was committed to\\nGen Sullivan. He collected from this State, Massachusetts,\\nand Connecticut a large body of troops, transported them to\\nRhode-Island, and encamped in the vicinity of Newport, with\\nthe design of attacking the place. The New-Hampshire militia\\nwas under the command of Gen. Whipple. On the approach\\nof a British fleet, the French Admiral put to sea to attack it\\nbut while the parties were preparing for a decisive battle, a", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "1778.] period viii.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1775 1784. 141\\nfurious storm arose and shattered both fleets. Contrary to the\\nearnest remonstrances of the Americans, the Frence deter-\\nmined to sail to Boston to refit. Thus deserted by the fleet, the\\narmy was left in a critical situation, as the enemy could then\\nat their pleasure pour into Newport reinforcements from New-\\nYork and Sullivan found it necessary to break up his camp\\non the 28th of August, and retreat to the north end of the\\nIsland. Early on the next morning the British pursued and\\nattacked his troops but were compelled after a sharp conflict\\nof half an hour to retire. He kept up a bold face through the\\nrest of the day and having deceived the enemy into a belief\\nthat he was preparing to attack them, he effected in the ensu-\\ning night his retreat across the narrow sheet of water, which\\ndivides the island from the main. This was done with great\\nsecrecy, and without loss. On the morning of the 30th, sev-\\neral American officers being at breakfast in the General s\\nquarters, a party of British discovered from an eminence their\\nhorses standing, and the guard set round the door; and imme-\\ndiately pointed a cannon at the spot. The ball shattered the\\nleg of John S. Sherburne, at that time aid decamp to Gen.\\nSullivan and afterwards a member of Congress and Judge of\\nthe United States Court for the District of New-Hampshire,\\nin such a manner that amputation became necessary.\\nAt this time the State was seriously agitated by a disposition\\nin the w estern section of it to secede from New-Hampshire,\\nand form a union with Vermont. Most of the settlers in that\\nsection were from Connecticut, and were more assimilated in\\ntheir manners and feeling to the people of Vermont, than to\\nthose of the eastern parts of New-Hampshire. They wish-\\ned to form a State, whose centre and seat of government\\nshould be in their own vicinity, at some town on Connecti-\\ncut river. Fifteen towns in the west part of the County of\\nGrafton, together with Cornish in the present County of Sul-\\nlivan, applied to the Vermont Assembly for admission into\\nthat State, and were admitted by a small majority. A re-\\nsolve was passed for the admission of other towns on the\\npast Sido of tlip vivoi\u00c2\u00ab, which might raako a oimiliu uppliea-\\ntion. The seceding towns justified their course on the follow-\\ning grounds that the original grant of New-Hampshire was\\nlimited by a line drawn sixty miles from the sea that the\\nlands west of this line were annexed to that Province merely\\nby the royal authority; and that as this anthority ceased at the\\nDeclaration of Independence, the inhabitants of those lands\\nhad reverted to a state of.nature, and might form such polit-\\nical connections as were most convenient. The towns of", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "142 niSTORT OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1778.\\nVermont, west of the mountains, were adverse to the recep-\\ntion of the towns east of the river while those on the east ot\\nthe mountains, forming a small majority of J:he whole State,\\nwere mostly in favor of it. To erect a State whose centre\\nshould fall in their own vicinity, was the grand ohject of the\\ntowns adjacent to the river, on hoth sides. They preferred to\\neffect this object by uniting the western part of New-Hamp-\\nshire and the eastern half of Vermont, into a distinct jurisdic-\\ntion or if this were found impracticable, they were willing\\nto dissolve the existing government of Vermont, and unite\\nthe whole State to New-Hampshire. Either of these arrange-\\nments would, as they supposed, lead to a location of the seat\\nof government accordant with their wishes. The eastern and\\ncentral parts of New-Hampshire and the western divisions of\\nVermont would of course strenuously oppose these plans.\\nThe sixteen towns informed the government of New-Hamp-\\nshire of their secession, and requested an amicable correspon-\\ndence. President Weare, whose prudence and sound practi-\\ncal wisdom eminently fitted him to manage so critical an af-\\nfair, immediately wrote to Gov. Chittenden of Vermont, as-\\nserting the right of New-Hampshire to all the territory on the\\neast side of the river and also solicited the interposition and\\nadvice of Congress. At the autumnal session of Vermont\\nAssembly at Windsor, these towns requested to be organized\\ninto a distinct County. That Assembly had just learnt, that\\nCongress were unanimously opposed so this encroachment on\\nthe territory of New-Hampshire, and a majority declined to\\ngrant the request. On this repulse the representatives of the\\nseceding towns, with a considerable number from towns west\\nof the river, withdrew from the Vermont Assembly, in dis-\\ngust, and agreed to call a convention of delegates from the\\ntowns on both sides of the river, to meet at Cornish in De-\\ncember. This body, when assembled, was in favor of form-\\ning the county adjacent to the river, including the whole re-\\ngion between the Masonian line on the east and the Green\\nMountains on the West, into an independent State. They pro-\\nposed lO NeW-IIampohiro oithoi to ngioc vjli a boundary lino,\\nor submit the dispute to Congress, or to arbitrators mutually\\nchosen. The plans of this Convention, however, proved abor-\\ntive, and the sixteen towns, having been joined by several oth-\\ners in the County of Cheshire, resumed their connection with\\nVermont.\\nThis encroachment on New-Hampshire was unhappy for\\nVermont diminishing, as it did,the attachment of her friends\\nabroad, and producing dissenison among her citizens at home.", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "1779.] period viii.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1775\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1784. 143\\nIt aroused New-Hampshire^not only to unite with New- York\\nin opposition to her admission into the Union, but to revive\\nher claim of jurisdiction over the whole of her territory. To\\nthe seceding towns themselves it was a source of unhappiness.\\nIn each of them existed a minority, in some instances a large\\nminority, opposed to the separation. Each party sought of\\ncourse the protection of the government it preferred, and Jus-\\ntices and Sheriffs appointed by the respective States, attempt-\\ned, at the same times, and in the same places, to exercise their\\nconflicting jurisdictions over the same persons a state of\\nthings that could not fail to engender confusion and animosity.\\nAs both New-Hampshire and New- York claimed the whole of\\ntheir territory, the Vermo liters suspected, possibly not without\\nreason, that a plan was on foot to divide it between their\\nneighbors, making the Green Mountains the boundary line and\\nthey sought to defeat it by extending their own claim eastward\\ninto New-Hampshire, and westward into New- York, as far as\\nto the Hudson. Congress made efforts to induce all the parties\\nto submit the matter to their decision but Vermont declined\\nto submit her claim of Independence to the arbitrament of\\nany power whatever. The towns which had separated from\\nNew-Hampshire, did not return to their former connection for\\nthree or four years.\\nAs the temporary form of government, hastily drawn up in\\nthe first year of the war was found to be, almost of necessity,\\ndefective and inadequate, a Convention of Delegates from the\\nseveral towns met in 1779, and having chosen Mr. Langdon to\\nbe their President, agreed on a Constitution, chiefly drawn up\\nby Judge Livermore: but the people rejected it, as being too\\nimperfect. The military transactions of the year offer to our\\nnotice no enterprise of consequence, in which the troops of\\nthis State took part, except the expedition under Gen. Sulli-\\nvan into the Indian country. In this enterprise the New-\\nHampshire brigade took an important part. At that day, the\\nwestern region of New-York, now smiling with cultivated\\nfields and beautiful villages, was a vast wilderness occupied by\\nthe Six Nations of Indians. These savages, in connection\\nwith a band of tories, had ventured the preceding year to lay\\nwaste the flourishing settlement of Wyoming in Pennsylva-\\nnia, and had slaughtered some hundreds of the inhabitants.\\nIt was determined to inflict on them a signal chastisement.\\nSullivan with 4000 men penetrated into their country, attack-\\ned their camp on Seneca Lake, and put them to flight. Having\\nwasted their settlements, burnt their habitations, cut down\\ntheir numerous apple and peach orchards, and destroyed the", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "144 HISTORY Or NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1780.\\nstanding corn to the amount of 160,000 bushels, he returned\\nin October with trifling loss. This dreadful, but merited in-\\nfliction effectually prevented their future incursions. At the\\nclose of the year, the troops of this State went into winter\\nquarters, and Gen. Sullivan retired from the service.\\nSeveral causes concurred at this period to overspread the\\npublic mind with gloom. Much had been expected from\\nthe co-operation of the French but little had been re-\\nalized. The floods of paper money which had been emitted,\\ntogether with the circulation of great quantities of counterfeit\\nbills by British agents, with the design of destroying its cred-\\nit, accelerated its depreciation with astonishing rapidity. It\\nfinally became impossible to purchase with this currency the\\nnecessaries of life. The army was distressed beyond mea-\\nsure: four months pay of a soldier would not buy his family\\na bushel of wheat, and the pay of a Colonel would not pur-\\nchase oats for his horse. Nothing but the patriotism of the\\nsoldiers, and the almost unlimited influence of Washington,\\nboth directed by the favorable disposals of Divine Providence,\\ncould, under circumstances so distressing, have kept the army\\nfrom dissolution.\\nThe nineteenth of May, 1780, was the memorable dark day.\\nOver New-England and some adjacent tracts of New-York\\nand Canada, such was the obscuration, that in many places\\npeople could not read or dine at mid-day without candles. It\\ncontinued several hours, imparting to surrounding objects a\\ntinge of yellow, and awakening in many a breast apprehensions\\nof some impending calamity. All was wrapped in gloom\\nthe birds became silent, domestic fowls retired to their roosts,\\nand the cocks crowed as at break of day. The darkness of\\nthe following night was so intense, that many who were but a\\nlittle way from home, on well known roads, could not without\\nextreme difficulty retrace the way to their own dwellings.\\nThe Free Will Baptists date from this period their origin a3\\na distinct religious community. Elder Benjamin Randall, the\\nfounder of this denomination, collected at New-Durham in\\nthe County of Strafford, the first society of the name in this\\nState. They have since increased to more than eighty church-\\nes, including about 6000 communicants and are connected\\nby the bonds of ecclesiastical fellowship with numerous kin-\\ndred societies in Maine, Vermont, and New- York.\\nSerious alarm was excited in the western part of New-\\nHampshire in October, by the irruption into the eastern part\\nof Vermont, of a large body of Canadian Indians, led by Hor-\\nton, a British officer. With savage fury they plundered and", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "1781.] period vjii.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1775\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1784. 145\\nburnt the town of Royalton, killing or captivating as many of\\nthe people as fell in their way. Doct. Parkhurst, a physician\\nnow living in Lebanon, then a lad, received a musket ball in\\nhis back which passed through his body, and lodged under\\nthe skin. He fled on horseback, assuaging the pain occasioned\\nby the ball by supporting it with his fingers, and arrived at\\nLebanon, a distance of sixteen miles. A strong body of men\\nfrom the country adjacent, under the command of Col. House\\nof Hanover, overtook the Indians in Randolph and exchanged\\nseveral fires but the enemy made good their retreat, not\\nhowever without leaving behind a part of their ill-gotten\\nplunder.\\nThe New-Hampshire brigade having served a part of the\\nsummer at West Point, and afterwards in New-Jersey, where\\ntheir Commander, Gen. Poor, died, was reduced at the close\\nof the year to two regiments, commanded by Colonels Scam-\\nmel and Reid, and passed the winter in huts on the Hudson.\\nGen. Poor was a native of Andover, Ms. He had served with\\nreputation from the beginning of the war, and was second in\\ncommand in Sullivan s expedition into the Indian country.\\nEven at this late period of the war, the troops in their winter\\nquarters were not exempted from severe sufferings. A vivid\\npicture of their distress is seen in the following extract of a let-\\nter written in December by Stark to President Weare: My last\\ngave you a hint that our troops were in a suffering condition\\nfor want of cash. None has yet been paid them by the public,\\nnor can I learn that any is soon expected. You certainly know\\nwhether Congress have it in their power to supply them if\\nthey have, I cannot see the policy of detaining it from them;\\nif they have not, it is necessary that the States should allow a\\npittance at least, sufficient to keep soul and body together.\\nWhat must be the feelings of officers who have obtained leave\\nof absence to visit their families, without a shilling to pay\\ntheir expenses on the road who, if they go, must assume the\\ncharacter of beggars Perseverance has lonir been their fa-\\nvorite topic, and hope almost their only support but they have\\nin a measure abandoned that. Despair stares them boldly in\\nthe face flattery will no longer avail an immediate remedy\\nis their positive demand.\\nAmid the din of arms the State was not unmindful of the\\ninterests of education. In April, 1781, was incorporated au\\nAcademy at Exeter, the oldest in the State, and probably the\\nbest endowed in the country. It received, from the munifi-\\ncence of the Hon. John Phillips of Exeter, an ample fund,\\namounting at the present time to $80,0C0 and has maintained\\nN", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "146 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1781.\\na distinguished rank among our Academical Institutions. Mr.\\nPhillips, who was a Counsellor under the Provincial govern-\\nment, and the Founder of the Professorship of Theology in\\nDartmouth College, belonged to a family eminent for its pat-\\nronage of literary and religious objects. He was a son of the\\nRev. Samuel Phillips of Andover. In connection with his\\nbrother, Samuel Phillips, he had previously founded and en-\\ndowed an Academy at Andover, Ms.; and he afterwards added\\nconsiderable sums for the education of pious and indigent\\nyoung men, especially those designed for the Christian Min-\\nistry. His gifts and bequests, augmented by others from va-\\nrious branches of the same family, laid a foundation forjhe\\npresent Theological Seminary at Andover. He died in 1795,\\nleaving a name which will command the respect of subsequent\\ngenerations.\\nMerely as a temporary expedient, to continue only during\\nthe war, did the people adopt the Plan of Government hastily\\nprepared in 1776. As the war now seemed to be approaching\\nto a termination, this Plan was about to expire by its own\\nlimitation. Great inconvenience had resulted from its defects,\\nsome of which were the following it had no Bill of Pughts,\\nas preliminary to a delegation of powers it contained no rule\\nof exclusion, but permitted an accumulation of offices by a\\nsingle individual, incompatible with the general good and it\\nprovided no Executive Department distinct from the Legisla-\\ntive body. This last flaw, to borrow the language of that\\nday, was patched over with a Committee of Safety, to serve\\nas an Executive during the recess of the Assembly but the\\ncontrivance was found to be a clumsy one. A conviction of\\nthe necessity of forming a Constitution on principles more\\ncomprehensive and determinate, led to the assembling of a\\nConvention for this purpose in June. It met at Concord, and\\nwas organized by choosing the Hon. George Atkinson of Ports-\\nmouth, President and Jonathan M. Sewall of the same place,\\nSecretary. Among the leading members were, in addition to\\nthe President and Secretary, Judge Pickering and Dr. Cutter\\nof Portsmouth Generals Sullivan of Durham, Peabody of\\nAtkinson, and Folsom of Exeter Judge Wingate of Stratham\\nthe Hon. Timothy Walker of Concord Ebenezer Webster\\nof Salisbury, Joseph Badger, Sen. of Gilmanton, Ebenezer\\nSmith of Meredith, Wyseman Claggett of Litchfield, Timothy\\nFarrar of New-Ipswich, Francis Blood of Temple, and Dan-\\niel Newcomb of Keene. After a session of a few days, and\\nthe discussion and adoption of some general principles, the\\nConvention adjourned to meet again in September, having ap-", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "1781.] period vin.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1775\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1784. 147\\npointed a Committee of seven to prepare the draught of a\\nConstitution. The Committee consisted, in part, of Gen.\\nPeabody, who was Chairman, Judge Pickering, J. M. Sewall,\\nJudge Farrar, and the Rev. Mr. Goddard of Swanzey. They\\nappointed a sub-committee, to consist of Messrs. Pickering\\nand Sewall, the former to draught the Form of Government\\nthe latter, the Bill of Rights.\\nAt the adjourned meeting in September, the Convention\\nreceived the report of the Committee, and agreed on a Con-\\nstitution, which, accompanied with an explanatory address\\nfrom the Convention, was printed and sent out to the people,\\nfor their decision in town meetings.\\nFor the sake of giving a connected view of the doings of\\nthis important Convention, which subsisted more than two\\nyears, and had in the whole no less than nine sessions\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a bo-\\ndy, to whose patient labors the present generation is indebted\\nfor the substance of our excellent Constitution\u00e2\u0080\u0094 it will be ne-\\ncessary to anticipate dates. At their third session in January,\\n1782, they received the returns from the several towns, and\\nfound the objections to the first draught so numerous and va-\\nrious, as to render it necessary to prepare a second. The\\nJournal of their proceedings is unhappily lost it is however\\nbelieved that the Constitution was recommitted to the former\\nCommittee, to be by them re-modeled, so as to obviate objec-\\ntions. At a subsequent session Jn August, the Committee\\nreported a second draught, which after discussion and amend-\\nment, was in like manner sent out to the people for their appro-\\nval or rejection. At this session, the Secretary being absent,\\nGen. Sullivan officiated as Secretary pro tern. The Conven-\\ntion adjourned to meet again in December.\\nFrom the returns forwarded by the several towns to the\\nConvention at the December session, it appeared that the se-\\ncond draught was generally approved by the people. As some\\namendments were still found to be necessary, the Convention\\nagain adjc urned to meet in June, 1783. At this session, they\\nadopted sundry alterations and amendments, and again for the\\nthird time sent out the Constitution to the people for their final\\ndecision.\\nIn resuming the narration of events in chronological order,\\nwe must return to the summer of 1781. A few families having\\nplanted themselves at Shelburne, and made a small opening in\\nthe wide wilderness on the north-east of the White Mountains,\\na party of Canadian Indians invaded the little settlement in Au-\\ngust, and after plundering the houses, killing one of the inhab-\\nitants and making another prisoner, retired unmolested into", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "148 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1781.\\nCanada. This was the last hostile incursion of savages into\\nthe now peaceful fields of New-Hampshire. Seen through\\nthe mists of time, their devastations seem to us like a dim and\\nshadowy vision, to be looked at chiefly for the gratification of\\nour curiosity but to our Fathers it was far otherwise the\\nsound of the war whoop, and the sight of the uplifted toma-\\nhawk, haunted their imaginations by day and their dreams by\\nnight.\\nIn October, the finishing stroke was given to the war by the\\ncapture of Lord Cornwallis and his whole army. In this\\ngreat achievement, effected by the combined forces of America\\nand France under General Washington, at Yorktown in Vir-\\nginia, one of the regiments of this State took part, and lost\\nits gallant commander, Col. Scammell of Durham, one of the\\nmost accomplished officers of the army. In the operations of\\nthe seige he was surprised, while reconnoitering, by a party\\nof hostile cavalry, and inhumanly and mortally wounded after\\nhe had been taken prisoner. The capture of a second Brit-\\nish army ensured the triumph of America, and filled the coun-\\ntry with an almost frantic joy. On the reception of the intel-\\nligence, Congress went to church in solemn procession to\\nrender public praise to Almighty God, and appointed a day\\nfor a National Thanksgiving. The state of public feeling on\\nthe occurrence of this great event, is indicated by the fact, that\\nthe aged door-keeper of Congress, on learning the surrender\\nof the British army, expired in a Jit of joy. Every part of the\\ncountry was animated by emotions similar in kind, though less\\nviolent in degree.\\nIn relation to the seceding towns of Grafton and Cheshire\\ncounties, the controversy with Vermont still continued, and\\nat last threatened to involve the two States in open hostilities.\\nThe New-Hampshire Courts held their sessions in both coun-\\nties without much opposition but from the attempts of Sher-\\niffs to enforce the laws of the respective governments, resulted\\nmany angry collissions. Two inhabitants of Chesterfield\\nwere committed to Charlestown goal by a warrant from\\na Vermont Justice. The government of New-Hampshire\\ndirected Col. Hale of Rindge, Sheriff of the county of\\nCheshire, to release the prisoners: but in attempting to exe-\\ncute the order, he was himself imprisoned by the Vermont\\nSheriff. On his application for a military force to release him,\\nthe Governor of Vermont ordered the militia of that State to\\noppose force to force and for a time, it was seriously appre-\\nhended that the question of his liberation would be decided\\nby the issue of a battle at Charlestown. While the parties thus", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "1782.] period viii.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1775\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1781. 149\\nstood with the sword half drawn, a Committee from Vermont\\ncame into New-Hampshire to agree on a compromise. One\\nof the number was the Vermont Sheriff, who was immedi-\\nately thrown into Exeter goal, and detained as an hostage for\\nthe release of of Col. ilale. The Legislature issued a Procla-\\nmation, requiring the inhabitants of the revolted towns to\\nsubscribe within forty days an acknowledgment of the juris-\\ndiction of New-Hampshire, and ordered the militia to hold\\nthemselves in readiness to march against them, in case of\\ntheir refusal.\\nIn this crisis the influence of Washington was interposed\\nto prevent bloodshed. A letter from him to Gov. Chittenden,\\nearnestly advising Vermont to renounce her claim of jurisdic-\\ntion east of Connecticut river, was laid before the Assembly\\nof that State. This advice, coming from the source it did,\\nprevailed with a majority of the Assembly to accept, in Febru-\\nary, 1782, the west bank of the Connecticut as their boundary\\nan act which ended the controversy happily for both States.\\nThough at first it threatene I tragic consequences, yet the\\nimprisonment of the Sheriff of Cheshire had a ludicrous con-\\nclusion. After he had been for some time in durance, the\\nauthorities of Vermont became desirous to be rid of the dif-\\nficulty in which the affair had involved them, and gave orders\\nfor his dismission. Expecting as he did to be released in a\\nmore honorable manner, than to be thus unceremoniously\\nthrust out of prison, he refused to depart. Soon afterwards, a\\nparty of women, having entered the prison in the evening and\\ncompelled him to accompany them, placed him in a vehicle\\nin which they conveyed him to Claremont, where they left\\nhim to take care of himself. It was more than suspected that\\nsome of these women were men in female attire.\\nThe seceding towns expressed warm resentments at being\\ncut off from their connection with Vermont, and for a\\ntime were not disposed to return to New-Hampshire. Disaf-\\nfected individuals obstructed the sitting of the Inferior Court\\nat Keene in September, so as to render an adjournment ne-\\ncessary: they soon after attempted to prevent the sitting of\\nthe Superior Court at the same place, but without success.\\nA bill of indictment was found against the insurgents, who\\ncast themselves on the mercy of the Court, and promised sub-\\nmission to the government in future; on which the proceed-\\nings against them were discontinued; and the jurisdiction of\\nNew-Hampshire was quietly re-extended to the western bank\\nof the Connecticut.\\nThe people called Shakers, first appeared in the State at\\nN*", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "150 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE [1782.\\nthis period, and collected Societies at Enfield and Canterbury,\\nin each of which places they possess a neat Village, and an\\nextensive and finely cultivated estate.\\nIn November, provisional articles of peace between\\nGreat Britain and the United States were signed at Paris,\\nby which the independence of the States was acknowl-\\nedged by the Mother Country. By this treaty, the object of\\nAmerica was fully attained, and the protracted sacrifices of a\\nseven years struggle amply repaid. In the course of the\\nwar, New-Hampshire had furnished for the service not less\\nthan ten thousand men, of whom she lost four thousand in\\nbattle and by sickness. The troops of no State gained a\\nhigher reputation for gallantry and enterprise no State, in\\nproportion to her means, contributed more powerfully to the\\nestablishment of American Independence.\\nThe American revolution is one of the great events in the\\nhistory of the world. It not only gave a new impulse to the\\nAmerican character, but opened new fields for enterprise, and\\nsupplied a powerful stimulus to exertion. It brought upon\\nthe theatre of human affairs an host of new actors, who shewed\\nthemselves competent to perform great and important parts.\\nOn the political state of the world, it has already exerted a\\nvast influence. That some unhappy effects have resulted from\\nthe great contest is not to be denied. Dr. Ramsay truly re-\\nmarks that while the literary, political, and military talents of\\nthe United States have been improved by the Revolution, their\\nmoral character is inferior to what it once was. The straight-\\nforward, sterling honesty of former times, gave way,to no small\\nextent, to looser principles of dealing and arts of speculation.\\nIn the confusion of the struggle, the institutions of religion\\nwere much neglected, and public worship was in many places\\nlong suspended. The depreciation of the paper currency\\nreduced the salaries of many ministers to almost nothing.\\nThat reverence for the Sabbath, once so deep and general, as\\nto render the stillness of a New-England Sabbath proverbial,\\nwas sensibly weakened by the habits of travelling and business,\\ninduced by the war. The familiar intercourse of our military\\nmen with French officers, most of whom were infidels from\\nthe school of Voltaire, spread among us to an alarming extent\\nthe taint of infidelity thousands became deeply and fatally\\ncorrupted. Had not the Ruler of the world counteracted the\\ninfluence of these evils, at a subsequent period, by numerous\\nrevivals of religion in almost every part of the country, the re-\\nsult must have been disastrous. But such has been^the kindness\\nof his dispensations, that the preponderating influence of this", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "1783.] period viii.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1775\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1784. 151\\ngreat Revolution has been decidedly on the side of human\\nhappiness and pure Christianity.\\nOf the distinguished officers in the revolutionary war, New-\\nHampshire had her full proportion. She furnished lor the\\nregular service three Generals, Sullivan, Poor, and Stark and\\nthe Colonels Reid, Scammel, Cilley, and Dearborn. Col.\\nScammel, at the time he was slain, was Adjutant General of the\\nAmerican army. Gen. Whipple, who rose from the humble\\nstation of a cabin boy to high distinction, was frequently called\\ninto the service with detachments from the militia, and idled\\nseveral important civil offices among others, that of Judge of\\nthe Superior Court. Among those who were distinguished\\npatriots of the revolution, and had influence in the public\\ncouncils of the State, are, in addition to the names of President\\nWeare and John Langdon, those of John Pickering and\\nWoodbury Langdon of Portsmouth Nathaniel Peabody of\\nAtkinson Nicholas Oilman, John T. Gilman, and Nathaniel\\nFolsom of Exeter George Trust and Ebenezer Thompson of\\nDurham; John Dudley of Raymond Samuel Livermore of\\nHolderness Josiah Bartlett of Kingston Timothy Walker of\\nConcord John McClary of Epsom Matthew Thornton of\\nMerrimac; Jonathan Blan chard of Dunstable; Wyseman\\nClaggett of Litchfield Matthew Patten of Bedford and Ben-\\njamin Bellows of Walpole. Of these men, some were delegates\\nto the old Congress others held seats in the Council or the\\nCommittee of Safety, or were leading members of the House\\nof Representatives others were active in the Convention\\nwhich formed the present Constitution of the State and all\\nwere efficient supporters of the cause of their country. The\\nhand of death has since removed from the world every indi-\\nvidual of this band of patriots.\\nThe Rev. David McGregor, a Presbyterian minister in Lon-\\ndonderry, long eminent for piety, eloquence and usefulness,\\ndied in the course of the Revolutionary war, after having\\nexerted an important influence in preparing the minds of the\\npeople to engage in the perilous contest. Another individual\\nof that day, deserving to be ranked among the worthies of the\\nState, was the Rev. Timothy Walker, the first minister of\\nConcord, who possessed in an eminent degree the veneration\\nof his people, and died near the close of the war after a minis-\\ntry of half a century.\\nNews of peace with Great Britain being received prior to\\nthe March meeting of 1783, the temporary Plan of Govern-\\nment expired by its own limitation. By the votes of the people,\\nit was revived and continued in force for another year, under", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "152 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1784.\\nthe expectation that within that period the new Constitution\\nwould be perfected. To the pens or* Messrs Pickering and\\nSewall, the State is indebted for many of its most important\\narticles. The Convention which formed it, met for the ninth\\nand last time in October Mr. Atkinson, the President, being\\nabsent on account of ill health, Gen. Folsom of Exeter was\\nchosen President pro tern. The Constitution, which had been\\nsent out to the people, was returned from the several towns,\\nstamped with the approval of a great majority, and was accor-\\ndingly established by the Convention, to take effect on the\\nfirst Wednesday of June, 1784. It went into operation at that\\ntime, being introduced at Concord by a religious service called\\nthe Election Sermon, an observance which was continued in\\nNew-Hampshire for almost half a century, and not laid aside\\ntill 833. That long-tried and faithful public servant, Meshecli\\nWeare, was again elected President, the title then used to\\ndesignate the Chief Magistrate. The Constitution has been\\nin general faithfully observed, and has contributed in an emi-\\nnent degree to advance the social and political happiness of\\nthe State.\\nHaving now traced the course of events in New-Hampshire\\ndown to the last important change in the form of government,\\nwe may pause, and look back on the forms that had obtained\\nin periods preceding. From the origin of the State in 1(3*23,\\nthrough a period of sixteen years, the few Colonists on the\\nPascataqua were governed by the Rules and Orders of The\\nCompaxy of Lacoxia in England, of which Mason was the\\nleading member. For the brief space of the two following\\nyears, each of the few towns, having formed itself by volun-\\ntary association into a little Republic, managed its own con-\\ncerns in its own way. During the thirty eight years, begin-\\nning with 1641, the government was Coloxial, being\\nadministered by the authorities, and under the laws of\\nMassachusetts. The Provincial or Royal Government\\nbegan in 1680, and continued, with the exception of the short\\nre-union with Massachusetts from 1690 to 1692, through a\\nperiod of ninety six years. Early in 1776, this form was su-\\nperseded by the Republican, which was introduced by the\\nformation of the temporary Plan of Government, to continue\\nduring the war and was matured and made permanent by\\nthe introduction of the present Constitution in 1784,", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "P ERIOD I X.\\nFROM THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PRESENT CONSTITUTION\\nOF THE STATE IN 1764, TO THE COMMENCEMENT OF GOV.\\nLANGDON S ADMINISTRATION IN 1805.\\nChanges in the form of government in the States of the\\nEastern Continent, have generally been the result either of\\nforeign interference; or of internal convulsions. In New-\\nHampshire, the introduction of a new Constitution was the\\nvoluntary measure of the people, peaceably and harmoniously\\neffected. The first Legislature under the new order of things,\\nmet at Concord, on which occasion the Rev. Dr. McClintock\\npreached the Election sermon. They found a variety of im-\\nportant objects of attention, and their enactments were marked\\nwith wisdom. President Weare, enfeebled by age and worn\\nout with public service, found himself compelled to resign the\\nChair before the expiration of the year, having been President\\nof the State nine years. Without brilliancy of genius, he was\\neminent for practical wisdom, accurate knowledge of the af-\\nfairs of the State, and industrious application to his public\\nduties. In the discharge of the duties of morality and religion,\\nhe was exemplary, and retained to the last the confidence of\\nthe people. His resignation was soon followed by his death.\\nLate in the summer a party of gentlemen, of whom one was\\nthe Rev. Dr. Cutler, ascended the White Mountains for the\\npurpose of scientific observation. From observations then\\nmade, the height of Mount Washington, whose summit re-\\nceives the earliest rays of morning, and around which linger\\nthe last beams of parting day, was estimated at 10,000 feet;\\nan estimate supposed by Belknap to be too low. Subsequent\\nand more accurate measurements, made by Capt. Partridge,\\nand by Messrs. Bracket and Weeks, have very materially re-\\nduced this estimate, and assigned to the mountain an altitude\\nof about (3G00 feet\u00e2\u0080\u0094 less than a third of the height of Chim-\\nborazo, and only a fourth of that of Dhawalageri. As the", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "1785.] HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 154\\nparty of Dr. Cutler was descending the precipitous face of the\\nmountain, their guide slipped and was gone out of their sight\\nbut their apprehensions for his safety were soon removed by\\nhis re-appearance, without serious injury.\\nIn the course of the year the Rev. Dr. Belknap, Minister of\\nDover, published the first Volume of his History of New-\\nHampshire. The second and third Volumes did not issue\\nfrom the press till some years afterwards. His work evinces\\ngreat research, and a scrupulous adherence to truth and is the\\nrepository of a multitude of important facts, many of which,\\nhad they not been recorded by his pen, had been irretriev-\\nably lost. It was received by the public with great approba-\\ntion, and the name of Belknap, as the principal historian of\\nthe State, has been held in respectful remembrance. The\\nlast years of his ministry and life he spent in Boston, as the\\nPastor of a church in that city. He published also the first\\nVolume of American Biography, a work of much merit and\\nprepared a second, which issued from the press after his death.\\nA third edition of his History was published in 1831, enriched\\nwith valuable Notes from the pen of John Farmer, Esq. Cor-\\nresponding Secretary of the New-Hampshire Historical So-\\nciety.\\nAfter a little rest from the labors of the war, the thoughts of\\nsome public spirited men began to be turned towards internal\\nimprovements. A bridge was erected in 1785 over Connecticut\\nriver, at Bellows Falls in Walpole, by Col. Enoch Hale.\\nErections of this kind over so deep and wide a stream, suf-\\nficiently strong to withstand the power of freshets and the\\ndescending masses of ice, had been considered, hoAvever desi-\\nrable, as utterly impracticable. When Col. Hale announced\\nhis design, it was ridiculed as visionary but he persevered\\nwith firmness, and at an expense of less than 3000 dollars,\\ncompleted a bridge which stood several years. His work was\\nfar more useful to the public than profitable to himself as\\nembarrassments compelled him to sell his property, without\\nhaving reaped from it that benefit, which a generous mind\\nwould award to enterprise and ingenuity so beneficial to oth-\\ners. This effort has been followed by the erection of numerous\\nbridges, some of them expensive and elegant, over all the\\nlarge rivers of the State.\\nBetween Gen. Sullivan and Mr. Langdon subsisted a sort\\nof rivalry, not strictly political, but rather personal. Each of\\nthese distinguished men had a numerous circle of friends, who\\ngave him a decided preference for the Chief Magistracy there\\nwas of course, after the resignation of the venerable President", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "178G.] period ix.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1784\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1805. J 55\\nWeare,\u00c2\u00abi division at the Elections, which resulted sometimes\\nin favor of one and sometimes of the other of these candi-\\ndates. Mr. Langdon, whose religious principles made him to\\na part of the community the more acceptable of the two, was\\nchosen President of the State this year. Though the revolu-\\ntion had rescued us from foreign oppression, the return of peace\\nfound the United States destitute of an efficient General Gov-\\nernment burdened with a debt of more than forty millions\\npossessed of only a small quantity of the precious metals and\\nenfeebled by the excessive exertions which had been deman-\\nded by the war. Congress found it necessary to raise large\\nsupplies of money to satisfy the public creditors; but as they\\nwanted the power to enforce their requisitions, some of the\\nStates did almost nothing, while others made every effort to\\ncomply. An excessive importation of foreign goods drained\\nthe country of specie, and it became almost impossible to\\nprocure the means of paying either public taxes or private\\ndebts. Conventions of Delegates were holden for the purpose\\nof deliberating on the means of relief; multitudes became\\nclamorous for an emission by the Legislature, ot paper money,\\nto be loaned to individuals on the security of real estate. By\\nthe wiser part of the community it was argued, and well\\nargued, that there was already in circulation a vast amount of\\ndepreciated paper; and that a new emission would inevitably\\nbecome depreciated, and aggravate an evil, which only indus-\\ntry, frugality, and patience could cure. To the taste of the\\nlooser and less discerning portion of the community, who\\nwanted to get money by a quicker process than that of hard\\nlabor, these remedies were not congenial they were too slow\\nof operation. To relieve as far as possible the difficulty, the\\nLegislature passed a Tender Act, providing that when any\\ndebtor should tender to his creditor, in satisfaction of an exe-\\ncution for debt, a sufficient amount of property either real or\\npersonal, the creditor should receive it at the appraisal of men,\\nor suspend the levying of his Execution. This act gave debtors\\na breathing time but as it could not make money plenty, com-\\nplaints continued to be made.\\nGen. Sullivan was elected to the Chair in 178G. Distress\\nand discontent, occasioned by heavy taxes and extreme scar-\\ncity of money, rapidly increased; and in Massachusetts broke\\nout into an open and dangerous insurrection headed by Daniel\\nShays, which was not quelled without the intervention of a\\nlarge military force, and the loss of a few lives. New-Hamp-\\nshire was not entirely exempt from civil commotion. During\\nthe session of the Legislature in September, a body of two", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "156 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1787.\\nhundred armed men, some from Cheshire, but most of them\\nfrom the western part of Rockingham County, marched to\\nExeter, surrounded the house in which the Legislature was\\nsitting, and with menaces required a compliance with their\\ndemands. These were sufficiently wild and extravagant,\\nincluding not only an emission of paper money, but a release\\nof debts, and an equal distribution of property. President Sul-\\nlivan, in a calm address, represented to them the folly and\\ndanger of their conduct but they were not to be reasoned with,\\nand held the Legislature prisoners till evening. In attempting\\nto pass out of the house, the President was stopped by the\\nmob and treated even with rudeness. At twilight the citizens\\nof Exeter, incensed at their audacity, made some demonstra-\\ntions of attacking them on which they retreated to an emi-\\nnence a mile distant, and encamped for the night. Their retreat\\nliberated the Legislature, who declared them to be in rebellion,\\nand authorized the President to call in the militia to suppress\\nthe insurrection. At the dawning of the next morning Gen.\\nSullivan appeared in the street, mounted, and in full uniform\\na body of militia from the neighboring towns soon poured into\\nthe place, whom he formed in martial array, and led to attack\\nthe insurgents. On arriving near their encampment, Gen.\\nCilley with a troop of horse made a rapid charge upon them\\nthey were instantly broken, and fled without firing a gun.\\nThe leaders, of whom several were seized on the spot, were\\npardoned on promises of submission and good behaviour.\\nSome of them, being members of Churcbes,were required by\\nthose Churches to make public confession of their guilt in\\nrebelling against government. Thus happily was the insur-\\nrection put down without the shedding of a drop of blood.\\nThe ostensible leader of the insurgents was a man from\\nKingston the prime movers however, of whom one or two\\nwere members of the Legislature,took good care for their own\\nsafety by keeping themselves behind the curtain.\\nEarly in 1/87, the long vexed and engrossing question of a\\nnew issue of paper money was submitted to the people in\\ntown meetings, and the majority had the good sense and integ-\\nrity to vote against the measure. After this decision, the\\ndissatisfaction and clamor gradually subsided though the\\npecuniary embarrassments of the country continued to exist\\nfor a time longer. The public securities, or certificates of\\ndebts due from government to individuals, were excessively\\ndepreciated; many revolutionarry officers and soldiers,driven\\nby pinching want to sell them, sacrificed a large proportion of", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "1787.] period ix.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1784\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1805. i5?\\ntheir nominal value. They went into the hands of speculators,\\nwho afterwards realized every cent of their claims.\\nIt had been a question long agitated, what were the western\\nlimits of the Masonian patent? The Masonian proprietors\\nhad always contended for a curve line, to correspond with the\\ndirection of the sea-coast and according to a survey made for\\nthem by Fletcher in 1768, this line began near the southwestern\\ncorner of Fitzwilliam, and passed along on the western lines\\nof Fitzwilliam, Marlborough, Stoddard and Washington, to\\nSunapee Lake thence on the lines of New-London, Wihnot,\\nthrough Orange and Hebron to Plymouth and thence through\\nHolderness, Sandwich and Burton, to Conway, on the borders\\nof Maine. After the Revolutionary war, the grantees of some\\nlands with which this line interfered, petitioned the Legislature\\nto decide the question: the Masonian proprietors at the same\\ntime bringing in a petition on their part, that the line run by\\nFletcher might be established. It was finally determined by\\nthe Legislature, that a survey should be made of a distance of\\nsixty miles from the sea on the south and east lines of the\\nState, and that from the end of one of these lines of sixty\\nmiles to the end of the other, a straight line should be run,\\nwhich should be established as the head line or western limit\\nof the patent. This was run in 1787 the line extended from\\na point in the town of Rindge to a point on the boundary of\\nMaine, a few miles north of Saco river. Between the straight\\nand the curve line was a considerable territory, for the un-\\ngrantcd portions of which the Masonian proprietors were\\nrequired to pay the State a considerable sum. During these\\ntransactions, the heirs of Allen revived their claim, after it had\\nlain dormant about seventy years but afterwards comprom-\\nised their dispute with the Masonian proprietors; and those\\nharrassing controversies about land-titles, which at times had\\nagitated the State for a period of an hundred and thirty years,\\nwere happily put to rest. The principal Agent in effecting the\\nadjustment between the Masonian proprietors and the heirs of\\nAllen, and also between the Masonian proprietors and the\\nState, was John Pierce Esq. of Portsmouth.\\nSo apparent were the defects of the old Confederation of\\nthe States, and so urgent the necessity of establishing a more\\nenergetic General Government, competent to regulate com-\\nmerce and raise a revenue by imposts, that on the recommen-\\ndation of Virginia, twelve of the States elected Delegates to\\nmeet in Convention and form a new Federal Constitution.\\nJohn Langdon and Nicolas Gilman were the delegates from\\nthis State The Convention, consisting of the venerable\\nO", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "158 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1788.\\nStatesmen and patriots of the Revolution, met at Philadelphia\\nin May, and elected Washington as their President. After a\\nlong and laborious session, having to reconcile many conflicting\\ninterests, and to balance the concessions of the different sec-\\ntions of the country, they formed the present Constitution of\\nthe United States. It was to be submitted to Conventions, to\\nbe called in the several States to decide on its adoption or\\nrejection and if ratified by nine States, it was to go into op-\\neration. So nearly were its advocates and opponents balanced,\\nthat for some time its fate hung in suspense. The States\\nwhich ratified it proposed many amendments, some of which\\nwere adopted and the majority in its favor was in some\\ninstances extremely small.\\nThe Convention elected in New-Hampshire to decide the\\ngreat question of ratifying or rejecting the Federal Constitu-\\ntion, met at Exeter in February, 1788. They appointed Gen.\\nSullivan to be their President, and the Hon. John Calfe, Sec-\\nretary. This respectable body included most of the eminent\\nmen of the State in the list of its members are found the\\nnames of Langdon, Pickering, Bartlett, John T. Gilman,\\nAtherton, Parker, Bellows, West, Livermore, and Badger.\\nThe debates ran high Sullivan, Langdon, Pickering, and\\nLivermore, were the principal speakers in favor of the ratifi-\\ncation while the leading opponents were Atherton of\\nAmherst and Parker of Jaffrey. So dubious was the result,\\nthat the friends of the Constitution, afraid to risk a decision at\\nthat time, plead for an adjournment, in the hope that further\\ndiscussion among the people would work a favorable change\\nin public opinion. Happily for the community the motion\\nprevailed had the question on the ratification been taken at\\nthe first session of the Convention, it had inevitably been lost.\\nDuring the recess, the Constitution continued to be the stand-\\ning topic of earnest discussion in town and neighborhood\\nmeetings many changes were wrought in its favor some\\ntowns who had instructed their Delegates to oppose the ratifi-\\ncation, recalled those instructions, and gave others of an\\nopposite character. In the mean time the Conventions of\\neight States had declared their ratification. The adjourned\\nmeeting of the New-Hampshire Convention, holden at Con-\\ncord in June, continued only four days. Many amendments\\nwere proposed and accepted the adoption of which by the\\nother States, the opponents wished to make an indispensable\\ncondition of the validity of the ratification on the part of this\\nState but the advocates of the Constitution urged an uncon-\\nditional ratification, accompanied with a mere recommendation", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "1788.] period ix.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1784\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1805. 159\\nof these amendments. Fearing that the decision might be\\nagainst them, the opponents in their turn urged, but ineffectu-\\nally, another adjournment. On the last day of the session,\\nthe momentous question was taken. While the Secretary\\nwas calling over the names of the members and recording their\\nvotes, there was a death-like silence every bosom throbbed\\nwith anxious expectation. The result was 57 votes for the\\nratification, and 4(j against it, giving a majority of eleven in\\nits favor.\\nX As an index of the state of popular feeling existing at the\\ntime, it will be not uninteresting to state, that during the ses-\\nsion the village of Concord was thronged with visitants, and\\nthe galleries of the Church in which the Convention met,\\ncrowded with spectators listening to the debates, and await-\\ning with the deepest anxiety the final decision. Emissaries\\nfrom other States attended, for the purpose of observing the\\ncourse of events, and of influencing, if possible, the result.\\nImmense speculations had been made in Continental Certifi-\\ncates, by purehases from the original holders, the officers and\\nsoldiers of the revolutionary army and the purchasers, a\\nnumerous and powerful body, were well aware that their\\nfortunes depended on the ratification or rejection of the Con-\\nstitution. Another body of men, still more numerous, felt the\\ndeepest anxiety for its fate, from no other motives than honest\\nconvictions of expediency, and patriotic zeal for the public\\ngood. Such indeed was the excitement of the popular mind,\\nthat on the declaration of the vote, messengers flew in all\\ndirections. Intelligence was immediately sent by an express\\nto New-York, whose Convention was then in session, and\\nwhere the result was extremely doubtful. The reception of\\nit had an important influence on the decision of that State.\\nThe ratification by New-Hampshire, being that of a ninth\\nState, and completing, as it did, the number necessary to put\\nthe Constitution in operation, excited throughout the country\\na thrill of joy. At Portsmouth, the event was celebrated by a\\ngrand procession, and other demonstrations of popular gratifi-\\ncation. In the solemn Act of Ratification the Convention\\nsay, Acknowledging with grateful hearts the goodness of the\\nSupreme Ruler of the Universe, in affording to the people of\\nthe United States an opportunity in the course of his Provi-\\ndence, deliberately and peaceably, without fraud or surprise,\\nof entering into an explicit and solemn compact with each\\nother, We do ix the name and behalf of the people op\\nthe State of New-Hampshire, assent to and ratify the\\nsaid Constitution, Two other States soon added their", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "160 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1789.\\nratifications. Rhode-Island and North Carolina for some time\\nwithheld their s but at last they followed the example of the\\nother States, thus completing the Union of members of the\\nAmerican family. It is honorable to the patriotism of the ori-\\nginal opponents of the Federal Constitution, that after the\\nfinal question was taken, many of them came forward with\\nthe declaration, that though it was not what they wished, yet\\nas the majority had decided in its favor, they were determined\\nto give it their cordial support. J\\nGen. Sullivan was succeeded in the Presidency of the State\\nin 1788 by Mr. Langdon. In the course of the year, persons\\nwere elected to represent New-Hampshire in the first Con-\\ngress under the new Federal Constitution. John Langdon\\nand Paine Wingate were chosen Senators by the Legislature\\nSamuel Livermore, Abiel Foster, and Nicolas Oilman were\\nelected Representatives by the people. Geo. Washington was\\nchosen President of the United States by the unanimous vote\\nof the Electoral Colleges, and the first Congress met in the\\ncity of New- York on the 4th of March, 1789. The adminis-\\ntration of Washington soon effected a revival of public credit,\\na rapid extension of commerce, the provision of a competent\\nrevenue, aud the rapid advance of the nation in whatever ex-\\nalts or adorns society. Under the returning tide of national\\nprosperity, the angry controversies that had grown out of the\\ndiscussion of the Constitution, were quietly submerged. Mr.\\nLangdon having been called to a seat in the national councils,\\nGen. Sullivan was again elected President of the State in\\n1789. In this last year of his administration, he had the pleas-\\nure of welcoming Gen. Washington, who came to the New-\\nEngland States on a tour of observation, and extended his\\njourney to Portsmouth. Both the government and the citizens\\nof New-Hampshire received him in the most affecti mate\\nmanner, and omitted no demonstrations of their veneration\\nfor the Father of his country. To his former associates in\\narms, who were enthusiastically attached to him, an interview\\nwith their old Commander was in the highest degree grateful.\\nThe attention of public-spirited individuals began to be\\ndrawn at this period to the importance of improving the navi-\\ngation of the Merrimac and Connecticut rivers. In the course\\nof a few succeeding years, the excavation of the Middlesex\\ncanal, connecting the waters of the Merrimac with those of\\nBoston harbor, was commenced and several short canals,\\nfurnishing a passage for boats around the principal falls of the\\ntwo rivers, were undertaken and prosecuted with spirit. Of\\nthe citizens of New-Hampshire who were the efficient pro-", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "1709.] period ix.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1784\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1805. 161\\nmoters of these useful improvements, the names of Samuel\\nBlodget of Manchester and William Page of Charlestown must\\nbe placed at the head of the catalogue.\\nPresident Sullivan having been appointed Judge of the\\nUnited States District Court, the voice of the people at the\\nelection of 1790 called to the Chair Josiah Bartlett of Kings-\\nton, who retained the Chief Magistracy almost four years. At\\nhis first election his competitor was Mr. Pickering, whom he\\nsoon afterwards appointed Chief justice of the Superior\\nCourt an office for which he possessed superior qualifications.\\nThe census of this year gave the Uuited States a population of\\nalmost four millions, of whom 142,000 were in New-Hamp-\\nshire: a result exhibiting an increase, notwithstanding the\\nheavy losses occasioned by the revolutionary war, of almost\\n60,000 in the preceding fifteen years and indicating a great\\nextension of new settlements. Already had the spreading\\ntide of population reached the wild recesses of the White\\nmountains. At a considerable distance from any other human\\nhabitation, Rosebrook had planted himself in the forest near\\nthe Notch, where he braved the perils of the wilderness., and\\nbrought under cultivation a large farm.\\nNo small share of suffering fell to the lot of these pioneers\\nof cultivation and improvement. Instances were not wanting\\nof their children being lost in the woods, and never found; or\\nbeing torn by wild beasts. A case of the former kind occur-\\nred in Temple, and no certain discovery of the fate of the\\nlost child was ever made. An instance of the latter kind had\\nrecently taken place in Moultonborough and another, long\\nbefore, at a plantation on Suncook river, the circumstances of\\nwhich were deeply affecting. A man being at work in a\\nmeadow, his son, a little boy eight years old, was sent to call\\nhim to dinner. While the father returned home by one path,\\nthe son took another. He did not arrive after waiting awhile,\\nthe father went to find him, aud had not gone far till he saw\\nwith horror a bear start up among the bushes, with the bleed-\\ning corpse of the bov between his teeth One who has exten-\\nsively seen, says Dr. D wight, the efforts of the New-England\\npeople in colonizing new countries, cannot fail of being forcibly\\nstruck by their enterprise, industry, and perseverance. I have\\npassed the dwellings of several hundred thousands of these\\npeople, erected on grounds which in 1760 were an absolute\\nwilderness. A large part of these tracts they have converted\\ninto fruitful fields, surrounded it with enclosures, planted it\\nwith orchards, and beautified it with comfortable, and in many\\nplaces, handsome houses. Considerable tracts I have traced\\nO*", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "162 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1790.\\nthrough their whole progress from a desert to a garden.\\nTowns and villages rise up in the retreats of bears and wolves\\nand Churches assemble for the worship of God the numerous\\ninhabitants. Schools and Colleges enlighten the young mind\\nwith the rudiments, and in many instances with the higher\\nattainments of knowledge. Man sees his race multiplying\\nbeyond all customary calculation, in the midst of blessings\\nobtained without fraud, without oppression and without\\nblood.\\nIn the general prosperity of the country at this period,\\nNew-England largely participated. Her ships visited almost\\nevery clime, her adventurous mariners began to pursue the\\nwhales into the most distant parts of the great Pacific, and not\\na few of her sons circumnavigated the globe.\\nThe encouragement and regulation of schools engaged the\\nattention of the Legislature. From the early periods of their\\nhistory, the people of New-Hampshire had taken a deep in-\\nterest ~in the subject of education. A law was passed as ear-\\nly as 1693, requiring each town, with the exception of Dover,\\nduring the war then raging, to provide a school-master an-\\nother in 1719 required each town of fifty or more house-\\nholders, to be constantly provided with a school-master, to\\nteach reading and writing and towns of 100 house-holders,\\nto support a grammar school, to be kept by some discreet\\nperson of good conversation, well instructed in the tongues.\\nThese laws accomplished much good but imperious necessi-\\nty sometimes rendered them inoperative. Of the new towns,\\nmany contained less than fifty house holders, and others of\\ngreater population were often led by the distresses of war to\\npetition for exemption from the obligation to support a school.\\nWithin the memory of some aged persons now liviug, many\\nchildren received all their instruction at home learning to\\nwrite in some instances on birch bark. The New-England\\nPrimer, the Psalter, and the Testament were the only school\\nbooks there was no book on Arithmetic the teachers, to\\nborrow the current phrase, set sums and explained the\\nrules as they could. Dilworth s Spelling Book was not in-\\ntroduced till about the year 1770. In some towns professed\\nteachers were not attainable, or the people w r ere unable to pay\\nthem, and the schools were taught after a fashion by the heads\\nof families in rotation. Soon after the revolutionary war,\\nEnglish Grammar began to be introduced into the primary\\nschools, and at a later period, Geography. In the last year of\\nPresident Sullivan s administration, the former laws in relation\\nto the subject were repealed^ and a new act was passed, au-", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "1791.] period ix.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1784\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1605. 163\\nthoriziug the Selectmen of the several towns to assess the in-\\nhabitants, at the rate of five pounds for every twenty shillings\\npaid by them on their proportion of a State tax of \u00c2\u00a31000.\\nAnother law, enacted in 1791, required an assessment of sev-\\nen pounds ten shillings on every twenty shillings of the pro-\\nportion. A subsequent law fixed the assessment at ninety\\ndollars on every dollar of the proportion paid by a town to-\\nwards a State tax of \u00c2\u00a31000 the result being an annual income\\nof s90,000 for the whole State, applicable to the support of\\ncommon schools.\\nFor the purposes of diffusing medical knowledge, and of\\nsuppressing quackery, by preventing unqualified persons from\\npractising Medicine and Surgery, the New-Hampshire Medi-\\ncal Society was incorporated in 1791. Its members are of\\nthree grades: Honorary Members, Fellows and Associates.\\nThe general society consists of the two former grades, while\\nthe Associates belong to the District Societies, of which there\\nare six. A person must have been a practicioner of medicine\\ntwo years before he can be elected an Associate, and every\\nAssociate is eligible to the grade of a Fellow. Gov. Bartlett,\\nwho was a Physician, was the first President of the Society.\\nIt has had a salutary influence in raising the standard of med-\\nical qualfications, and elevating the profession to its present\\nrespectable state. Another indication of the progress of\\nknowledge is found in the feet, that the condition of Dart-\\nmouth College was now become flourishing. For a series of\\nyears, the difficulties attendent on the revolutionary war had\\nchecked its prosperity some of its students, impelled by pa-\\ntriotic feelings, had exchanged the shade of academic bowers\\nfor the tented field and others, who would gladly have be-\\ncome students, had been discouraged by the distressed and\\nimpoverished state of the country. After the Avar, the visit\\nof President Wheelock to Europe the erection of a new and\\nelegant college edifice the benefactions of enlightened indi-\\nviduals and the patronage of the Government, all conspired\\nto give the College an impulse, which placed it among the most\\nrespectable literary Institutions of New-England.\\nThe extension at this time of commercial business required\\nthe establishment of a bank, and led to the incorporation of\\nthe New-Hampshire Bank at Portsmouth, the first in the State.\\nOther banking Institutions have since been formed, at various\\nperiods, in all the counties.\\nAfter the expiration of seven years from the adoption of\\nthe State Constitution, a Convention of Delegates met in Au-\\ntumn for the purpose of revising it. They elected the Hon.", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "164 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1792.\\nSamuel Livermore, President, and John Calfe, Secretary and\\nhaving made some progress in the revision, adjourned to Feb-\\nruary, 1792. At the adjourned session, the President being ab-\\nsent from the State, Judge Pickering was chosen President pro\\ntern. Among the attempted alterations, were the erasure of\\nthe sixth article of the Bill of Rights; the substitution of\\nJanuary for June, as the period of the annual organization of\\nthe government the enlargement of the Senate from twelve\\nto fifteen members, and the reduction of the number of Rep-\\nresentatives to sixty the erasure of the clause which requires\\nmembers of the Legislature to profess themselves to be of the\\nProtestant religion and, singularly as it may strike us, the\\nexclusion of Attorneys at Law from a seat in either branch\\nof the Legislature. All these propositions failed. Some al-\\nterations, not very important, were however adopted; a part\\nof which the people subsequently ratified, and rejected oth-\\ners. At a third session of the Convention in May, the Con-\\nstitution was brought to its present form. For the sake of\\nreadily distinguishing the office from that of President of the\\nUnited States, and of conforming to the usage of the other\\nStates, the title of the Chief Magistrate of the State was\\nchanged from President to Governor. The wisdom and ex-\\ncellence of the great principles of this Charter of our Rights,\\nare strikingly evinced by the fact, that whenever the ques-\\ntion of a revision has since been submitted to the people,\\na great majority have given a decided negative. At the Pres-\\nidential election near the close of the year, Washington re-\\nceived a second unanimous vote, and was inaugurated in the\\nfollowing March for another term of four years.\\nThis period is marked by the introduction into New-Hamp-\\nshire of the Methodist denomination. The first Societies of\\nthis name in England were organized in 1739, by the\\ncelebrated and excellent John Wesley, one of the burning\\nand shining lights of the last Century. In 17C6, the Rev.\\nPhilip Embury, a preacher of this denomination, removed\\nfrom Ireland to the City of New-York, and from among his\\ncountrymen who had emigrated to this country, he gathered\\na Society, the first of the name in America. Not till after\\nthe Revolution was Methodism introduced into New-England.\\nElder Jesse Lee, from Virginia, formed at Lynn the first\\nregular Methodist Society in Massachusetts, in the summer\\nof 1791 and not long after, visited New-Hampshire and\\nMaine, preparing the way for the formation of Societies in\\nthese States. This body of Christians now rauks among the\\nmost numerous denominations in the country, and has in this", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "1794.] teriod ix.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1734\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1805. 105\\nState a large number of stations and circuits, supplied by\\nabout ninety travelling and local preachers.\\nThat great Revolution in France, which had overturned\\nthe throne and brought the King to a public execution, not\\nonly kindled in Europe the flames of war, but produced even\\nin this country a powerful excitement. Enlisting, as it did,\\nthe sympathies of cue portion of the people in favor of\\nFrance and producing, by its shocking and murderous\\nexcesses, an alienation from their former allies in the minds\\nof another portion, accompanied with a disposition to\\ncultivate a good understanding with Great Britain it was a\\nleading cause of the division of the Americans into two\\ngreat political parties. The one assumed the name of\\nRepublicans; the other, that of Federalists. It was the opinion\\nof many, that our obligations to France for her aid in the\\nRevolutionary war, could hardly be canceled, and that we\\nought to unite with her in opposing Groat Britain. This\\nwas not the prevailing opinion. Washington, sustained by a\\nmajority of the people, decided not to interfere in the contest.\\nHis celebrated Proclamation of neutrality, requiring the\\nCitizens of the United States to abstain from any hostile acts\\ntowards either of the belligerent powers, was received in this\\nState with great satisfaction. At a meeting of the citizens of\\nPortsmouth, resolutions were passed, approving the Procla-\\nmation, and expressing full confidence in the measures taken\\nby Government to free our commerce from the depredations\\ncommitted by the powers at war.\\nThe 17th of May, 1794, is remembered as the date of one\\nof the most destructive frosts recorded in the annals of New-\\nEngland. The season was unusually early the young\\napples were formed, and the rye headed when one fatal\\nnight blasted the hope of the husbandman, and destroyed\\nalmost entirely the fruit and English grain.\\nAt the election of this year, John Taylor Gilman of Exeter\\nwas chosen to succeed Gov. Bartlett in the chief Magistracy,\\nand was continued in the chair for a period of eleven years.\\nGov. Bartlett had been induced by declining health to resign\\nhis office before the expiration of the year, and his retire-\\nment to private life was soon followed by his death. The\\nfirst years of Gov. Gilman s administration furnish few\\nevents of importance they were however distinguished by\\nthe prevalence of harmony in the public councils, and the\\nState was eminently prosperous. A great majority of the\\nCitizens acted, at this time, in concert with the political\\nparty long distinguished by the name of Federalists the", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "166 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1795.\\nLegislature of course was decidedly of the same political\\ncomplexion.\\nAn architectural enterprise, more important and difficult\\nthan any of the kind that had been achieved in the country,\\nwas now undertaken and accomplished. It was the erection\\nof a bridge over the Pascataqua, from Newington to Durham,\\nformed of three sections two of them were horizontal the\\nthird, arched the whole presenting a surface of planking\\nalmost a half a mile in length. It was thrown over the river\\nat a place, where the depth, at high water, is generally more\\nthan fifty feet, and was finished with much elegance at an\\nexpense of sixty-two thousand dollars. The construction^ of\\nthis bridge, which excited the admiration of every traveller,\\nrequired five thousand tons of timber, eighty thousand feet\\nof plank, twenty tons of iron, and eight thousand tons of\\nstone. John Pierce Esq. of Portsmouth, was the principal\\nSuperintendent of this great work, of which the chief object\\nwas to divert to Portsmouth a portion of the country trade,\\nthat had long been engrossed by Boston and Salem.\\nIn common with the rest of the country, the State was ag-\\nitated in the summer of 1795, by the question of the ratifica-\\ntion of Jay s treaty with Great Britain. By the constitutional\\nmajority of the Senate, the ratification had been advised.\\nOne of the New-Hampshire Senators, Mr. Livermore, was\\nin favor of this measure Mr. Langdon was opposed. While\\nthe President had the subject under consideration, a Virginia\\nSenator, in violation of an injunction of secrecy, caused the\\ntreaty to be published. There was at first a rush of public\\nopinion against it, which for a little time seemed to be irresis-\\ntable, and Washington found himself placed in a state of seri-\\nous perplexity and embarrassment. Following the current ex-\\nample,the town of Portsmouth held a meeting and voted an\\nAddress against the treaty. A counter address was however\\nprepared and signed by a large number of respectable indi-\\nviduals. With the design of preventing the transmission to\\nthe President of the counter address, a mob, armed with\\nclubs, paraded the streets, insulted many of the signers,\\nbroke their fences and windows, injured their ornamental\\ntrees, and with threats demanded the surrender of the paper\\nfrom the person who had it in possession nor did they dis-\\nperse till they had kept the town for some hours in confusion\\nand alarm. Several of the ring-leaders were indicted for a\\nriot at the next Superior Court. After a little calm reflection,\\na majority of the people of the State made up their minds\\nin favor of the acceptance of the treaty. Washington, who", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "1797.] period ix.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1784\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1805. 167\\nfollowed no other guidance than a sense of duty, decided\\nafter due deliberation to ratify it and its beneficial influence\\nfor many succeeding years on the commerce of the United\\nStates, has fully evinced the wisdom of the determination.\\nThe progress of internal improvement is seen in the grant\\nof the first New-Hampshire turnpike, extending from Con-\\ncord to the vicinity of Portsmouth. This was in 1796. It\\nwas followed in a few years by the grant of a second, from\\nClaremontto Amherst; of a third from Walpole, through\\nKeene and Jafrrey, to Ashby of a fourth, from Lebanon to\\nBoscawen and of many o thers in various sections of the\\nState. Among them is one from the west line of Bartlett\\nthrough the Notch of White Mountains.\\nWith deep regret the people of the United States learned\\nfrom the farewell address of Washington, his determination\\nto decline another re-election to the Presidency. The con-\\ntroversy between the two great parties, into which the course\\nof events had divided them, became violent. John Adama\\nwas the favorite candidate of the Federalists; Thomas Jef-\\nferson, of the Republicans. The electoral votes of New-\\nHampshire were given to Mr. Adams, who was elected by a\\nsmall majority, and inaugurated as President of the United\\nStates on the*4th of March 1797.\\nIn the following winter the frigate Crescent of thirty-two\\nguns, built at Portsmouth by Col. Hackett, sailed from that\\nport to the Mediteranean. She was destined to Algiers as a\\npresent from the United States to the Dey. For a series of\\nyear s our government, was under the necessity of purchasing\\nexemption^from the depredations of the piratical Barbary\\npowers on our commerce, by occasional payments under the\\nname of presents but for a long time this degrading system\\nhas been abolished, and these barbarians have been taught by\\nmerited chastisements to respect the American flag.\\nA Medical Department was attached to Dartmouth College\\nin 1798, chiefly by the enterprise of Doct. Nathan Smith of\\nCornish. Without early advantages of education, this gen-\\ntleman had raised himself by dint of talent and industry, to\\nthe first rank in his profession. At a a time when a passage\\nacross the Atlantic for literary purposes, was deemed in this\\ncountry to be a great achievement, he visited Europe for the\\npurpose of acquiring information. For some years he was the\\nonly Medical Professor at Hanover, and by his personal efforts\\nraised the Department to great usefulness and respectability.\\nHis practice as a physician and surgeon extended over a large\\nportion of New-England. The views of the celebrated Dr.", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "168 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE [1798.\\nRush, in relation to the deleterious effects of ardent spirits on\\nthe human system, he adopted and ably advocated and by\\ncommunicating them to his numerous pupils, exerted an im-\\nportant influence in preparing the Medical practitioners for\\nthe honorable stand they have since taken in promoting a\\nTemperance reformation. Several of the last years of his life\\nhe spent in Connecticut, in connection with Yale College.\\nThe Medical institution remained without the accommodation\\nof a distinct edifice till 1810 when, by the aid of the Legis-\\nlature, a neat and convenient Medical College was erected.\\nAmong its means of usefulness, the Institution possesses a\\nvaluable Anatomical Museum, a well furnished Chemical\\nLabratory, and a collection of botanical specimens. It has\\nthree Professorships, and its Lectures are well attended.\\nIn some preceding years the Yellow Fever had visited sev-\\neral of the Atlantic cities, bringing in its train alarm and death.\\nIt had caused in one of these years, the death of 4000 persons\\nin Philadelphia, and the precipitate flight from the city of\\nseventeen thousand of its inhabitants. In the summer of 1798,\\nit appeared in the north part of Portsmouth. Though a gen-\\neral removal of the inhabitants from the infected neighborhood\\ngreatly limited its spread, yet it carried off a considerable num-\\nber of victims and but few who were seized recovered from\\nthe attack.\\nThe conduct of France w r as at this time so hostile as to\\nexcite in the United States a general indignation. Her gov-\\nernment encouraged depredations on our commerce, and or-\\ndered our minister to quit her territory. On the arrival of\\nthree American Envoys to treat of reconciliation, a sum of\\nmoney was demanded as a pre-requisite to negotiation. A de-\\nmand so insolent aroused the spirit of the country, and Mill-\\nions for defence but not a cent for tribute, w r as the general\\nlanguage of the day. The tide of indignant feeling rose to\\nas great a height in New-Hampshire as in any portion of the\\nAmerican Republic. An address to President Adams, ex-\\npressive of the fullest approbation of the measures of his\\nadministration, and breathing the warmest resentment at the\\naggressions of France, was adopted by the Legislature, being\\ncarried in the Senate an unanimous vote, and in the House\\nwith only four dissenting voices. The warlike attitude as-\\nsumed by the United States, together with the achievements\\nof our then infant Navy in the capture of several French\\nships of war, taught the French Government that the rights\\nof Americans were not to be outraged with impunity.\\nIn the midst the controversy, Washington, who had accept-", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "1800.] period ix.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1784\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1805. 169\\ned the office of Commander in Chief of the American Armies,\\ndied, on the fourteenth of December, 1799, after an illness of\\nonly one day. The country was clad in mourning. In this\\nState, and throughout the Union, the twenty-second day of\\nthe succeeding February, the anniversary of his birth, was\\ndevoted to expressions of public sorrow and eulogies, almost\\nwithout number, were pronounced before crowds of citizens,\\nlamenting the fall of the man first in war, first in peace,\\nand first in the hearts of his countrymen.\\nAlmost without opposition had the Federalists hitherto car-\\nried the re-elections of Gov. Gilman. He was firm and decisive\\nin his political opinions, and in concert with great majorities\\nin both branches of the Legislature, yielded to the Federal\\nAdministration of President Adams a steady support. The\\ncurrent of popular feeling ran strong against France the\\nblack cockade, the distinguishing badge of the Federal party,\\nwas almost universally worn and in some parts of the State,\\nto wear what was called the French cockade, rendered the\\nsecurity of the wearer s person somewhat precarious. But\\ncauses, tending to a political change, were in operation. With\\nan increasing portion of the community, the measures of the\\nFederal administration, especially the Alien and Sedition laws,\\nand the Act requiring in many instances the use of stamped\\npaper charged with a duty, were becoming unpopular.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nHaving enlarged their ranks with numerous recruits, the\\nRepublicans began in 1800 to take the field in regular\\narray. This year and the next they supported as their candi-\\ndate for Governor, Judge Walker of Concord\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and afterwards\\nMr. Langdon but Gov. Gilman and the Federalists main-\\ntained the ascendency some years longer.\\nConvinced that nothing was to be gained by treating the\\nUnited States in an overbearing manner, the French Directory\\nwas at length induced to make overtures of peace. These\\novertures were promptly met by the American government,\\nand Ministers were appointed to repair to France, who, on\\ntheir arrival, found the supreme authority in the hands of\\nBounaparte, as First Consul. With his government they\\nconcluded in September, 1800, a treaty, which was satisfactory\\nto both countries.\\nA new religious denomination had at this time its origin in\\nVermont, and was soon extended into New-Hampshire.\\nElder Abner Jones, of the former State, having become dis-\\nsatisfied with some of the principles of the Freewill Baptist\\nChurches, with which he had been connected, withdrew from\\ntheir communion and began to propogate his own peculiar\\nP", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "170 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1801.\\nsent iments. Many individuals in Vermont, New-Hampshire,\\nand Maine, adopted his views, and took the distinctive appel-\\nlation of Christians. A church of this denomination was\\nafterwards collected at Portsmouth, and a considerable number\\nof others have since been formed, chiefly in the central sec-\\ntion of the State.\\nIn the summer and autumn of this and the two following\\nyears, a malignant Dysentery, occasioning a great mortality,\\nprevailed in many of the towns. In the short space of a few\\nweeks, the towns of Antrim and Hancock lost almost one\\nfifteenth part of their whole population and other places\\nsuffered severely, though not in an equal degree. The most\\nmalignant form of this fatal disease has not since, to any con-\\nsiderable extent, been witnessed in the State.\\nThe recurrence of another Presidential election excited in\\nthe country an acrimony of feeling then unparallelled. So\\nnearly were the political parties balanced, that each made the\\nmost strenuous exertions, and formed sanguine hopes of\\nsuccess. The candidates were the same as in the preceding\\nelection and again the votes of this State were given to Mr.\\nxidams. No choice was effected by the Electoral Colleges:\\nbut after a violent struggle, Mr. Jefferson was elected by the\\nHouse of Representatives, and the administration of the\\nGeneral Government fell in 1801 into the hands of the Re-\\npublican party. This great change inspired the friends of\\nthat party in New-Hampshire with sanguine hopes of gaining\\nthe ascendency in the State government. Mr. Langdon, one\\nof their most popular and efficient leaders, having been retur-\\nned to the House as a Representative from Portsmouth, they\\nattempted, unsuccessfully however, to carry his election as\\nSpeaker. The next year they brought him forward as their\\ncandidate for Governor but not till after a three years strug-\\ngle did they succeed in placing him in the Chair.\\nThough the period now under review furnishes few events\\nof thrilling interest, it affords unequivocal indications of public\\nprosperity. The new Census gave the United States a popu-\\nlation of more than seven millions of whom New-Hampshire\\ncontained 214,000 exhibiting an increase of more than 30,000\\nduring the preceding ten years. The state of religion was\\nbecoming more prosperous. In some former years, Thomas\\nPaine s scurrilous pamphlet, called by a strange misnomer\\nThe Age of Reason, filled with coarse and sophistical abuse of\\nChristianity, had infected not a few minds with the taint of\\ninfidelity. It has been stated that he had submitted this work\\nin manuscript to the perusal of Dr. Franklin, for his opinion", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "1802.] period ix.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1784\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1805. 171\\nwho on returning it, said, I would advise you not to attempt\\nunchaining the tiger but to burn this piece before it is seen\\nby any other person if men are so wicked with religion, what\\nwould they be without it The tide of infidelity, which the\\nwritings of Paine and Godwin, together with the blasphemous\\npublications of the French school, had rolled in upon us, was\\nnow on the ebb. Revivals of religion, which since the days\\nof Whitefield had been of rare occurrence, became more\\nfrequent. They had indeed occurred in considerable numbers\\nfor a few of the last years of the preceding century, in portions\\nof Massachusetts and Connecticut, and now began to be more\\nknown in New -Hampshire. Wherever they existed, and\\nwere conducted with discretion and humility, they awakened\\na spirit of attention to christian instruction excited numbers\\nto the great duties of prayer and religious enquiry produced\\na happy reformation of morals and resulted in numerous\\naccessions to the churches. The permanent fruits of piety\\nand benevolence, exhibited by a multitude of their subjects,\\nform the best attestation that they were the effect of a divine\\ninfluence on the hearts of men. Some of the great objects\\nof christian effort, which have since become so prominent,\\nbegan at this time to attract attention. The New-Hampshire\\nMissionary Society, the earliest charitable Institution of a\\nreligious nature in the State, of any considerable extent, was\\nformed in 1801, for the purpose of furnishing to the scattered\\ninhabitants of the new settlements, and to feeble churches, the\\nmeans of christian instruction. During a period of thirty-two\\nyears its operations have been eminently useful. It has sent\\nMissionaries into all the destitute parts of the State, and it now\\naids in sustaining many ministers in places, where, without\\nsuch aid, the christian ministry could not be supported. Its\\nannual income for many years averaged about two thousand\\ndollars, and has lately risen to more than four thousand its\\nefforts, in connection with the labors of other christian denom-\\ninations, leave but few of the inhabitants of the State destitute\\nof at least occasional opportunities of attendance on religious\\ninstruction. At a later period was formed the New-Hampshire\\nBaptist Missionary Society.\\nIn February of the next year, a snow fell in New-England\\nof great depth and density, much of it consisting of small\\nparticles like hail. Had it fallen in a light, fleecy form, it was\\nthought it would have exceeded in depth the great snow of\\n1717. Near the close of the year, the town of Portsmouth\\nwas visited by a most calamitous conflagration, which consu-\\nmed more than a hundred buildings, and laid waste a fair and", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "172 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1804.\\nimportant portion of the place. The amount of property\\ndestroyed was estimated at two hundred thousand dollars and\\nmore than forty-five thousand were contributed in various\\nplaces for the relief of the sufferers.\\nWe have now come to the era of the introduction into the\\nState of the Cotton manufacture. Machinery for spinning\\ncotton had been introduced into Rhode-Island as early as\\n1790 little more than twenty years after its invention in Eng-\\nland by Sir Richard Arkwright. At New-Ipswich was erected,\\nin 1803, the first Factory in New-Hampshire, followed in a\\nfew years by others in Peterborough, Pembroke, Hillsborough,\\nand Jaffrey and at a later period, by the extensive establish-\\nments in Dover, Somersworth, Dunstable, New-Market,\\nAmoskeag, Franklin, and Exeter. The whole required an\\nimmense amount of capital, which in general has been inves-\\nted profitably for the owners, and usefully to the public. At\\nthe close of the year, the northern portion of the State was\\ndetached from the County of Grafton, and formed into a dis-\\ntinct County by the name of Coos.\\nPolitical disputes ran high. The Federalists had hitherto\\nsupported Gov. Gil man with uniform success, and secured\\nmajorities of their own party in both branches of the Legis-\\nlature. For some years, Gen. Amos Shepherd of Alstead had\\nbeen President of the Senate, and the Hon, John Prentice, a\\nlawyer of Londonderry, Speaker of the House. But the\\nRepublicans were constantly gaining fresh accessions to their\\nranks and with increasing numbers, put forth more strenuous\\nefforts. Though Gov. Gilman was re-elected in 1804, yet the\\nmajority in his favor was extremely small and the Republi-\\ncans obtained a partial triumph by the return of majorities of\\ntheir party both to the Senate and House of Representatives\\nMr. Langdon being chosen Speaker in the popular branch of\\nthe Legislature. The Federalists however, in the quadrennial\\nelection of President at the close of the year, carried their\\nticket of Electors, and the votes of the State were accordingly\\ngiven to Mr. Pinckney. In most of the other States the elec-\\ntion resulted in favor of Mr. Jefferson, who had a great\\nmajority of the whole number of votes.\\nAfter a warm contest, the Republicans in 1805 succeded in\\ntheir efforts to displace Gov. Gilman, and brought in their\\nfavorite candidate, Mr. Langdon, by a majority of 4000. They\\nalso returned majorities attached to their party, not only to\\nthe Senate and House, but at this time to the Council also\\nthus revolutionizing the government in all its branches. Gen.\\nClement Storer of Portsmouth was chosen President of the", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "1805.] period ix.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1784\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1805. 173\\nSenate, and the Hon. Samuel Bell of Francestown, Speaker\\nof the House. Philip Carrigain of Concord was elected\\nSecretary of the State in the place of Joseph Pearson, and\\nNathaniel Gihnan succeeded Oliver Peabody as Treasurer.\\nThe administration of the government fell entirely into the\\nhands of the Republican party and with the exception of a\\nfew intervals of no long duration, they have retained it down\\nto the present day. A change so important excited, as many\\nof the actors now on the stage well remember, a deep interest\\nin the community at large nor could it be otherwise politi-\\ncal parties never acquire power without exultation, or part\\nwith it without regret. Gov. Gilman retired to private life,\\ncarrying with him a reputation for consistency, integrity and\\ndecision, which commanded the respect even of his political\\nopponents.\\nDuring the period now under review, death deprived the\\nState of several distinguished citizens. Doct. Clement Jack-\\nson, an eminent physician of Portsmouth, of extensive prac-\\ntice, who possessed a disposition which never turned from\\ndistressed objects without making exertions to relieve them,\\ndied at an advanced age in 1788. His son, Doct. Hall Jack-\\nson, who inherited his father s practice and reputation, survi-\\nved him but a few years. The year 1795 is the date of Gen.\\nSullivan s death. Descended from Scottish parents in narrow\\ncircumstances, he evinced in early life a thirst for knowledge,\\nwhich led him to offer his services to Mr. Livcrmore, an emi-\\nnent lawyer of Portsmouth, to cut his firewood and take care\\nof his horse requiring no other compensation than his board,\\nand the privilege of access to his library. His patron soon\\ndiscovered in him talents, which induced him to transfer the\\nyouth from his kitchen to his office, as a student at law. He\\nbecame a lawyer of eminence. In a variety of public offices\\nas a Revolutionary General\u00e2\u0080\u0094 as President of the State and\\nas Jud -e of the United States District Court he exhibited\\nability and commanded respect. He deserves a high rank in\\nthe catalogue of self-made men, and furnishes a fine example\\nto stimulate the young in the pursuit of useful knowledge.\\nThe Rev. Dr. Langdon, who was called from his ministry in\\nPortsmouth to the Presidency of Harvard University, and was\\nafterwards the minister of Hampton Falls, died in 1797. In\\n1799 occurred the death of Gen. Joseph Cilley of Notting-\\nham, an officer distinguished in the annals of the revolution,\\nand afterward for many years a prominent member of one\\nor the other branch of the Legislature, or of the Council.\\nDeath deprived the community in 1802 of William Gordon\\nP*", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "J74 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE [1805\\nof Amherst, Attorney General of the State, who had been an\\nactive and influential member of Congress. The Hon. Sam-\\nuel Livermore, one of the first settlers of Holderness, an em-\\ninent lawyer, who was successively Attorney General, Chief\\nJustice of the Superior Court, and for ten years a distinguish-\\ned member of the Senate of the United States, died in 1803.\\nThe Rev. Daniel Emerson of Hollis, who accomplished a\\nministry almost unequalled in length, extending from 1743 to\\nthe commencement of the present century, deserves respectful\\nremembrance on account of the piety of his life, and the\\nusefulness of his labors. Doct. Joshua Brackett of Torts-\\nmouth, closed a useful life in 1802, having been a distinguished\\nphysician and naturalist, Judge of the Maritime Court during\\nthe revolution, and the successor of Gov. Bartlett in the Pres-\\nidency of the Medical Society. Such was his regard to the\\npoor, that he never made a charge for his professional servi-\\nces, where he supposed that payment would occasion the least\\ninconvenience. The Hon. Matthew Thornton was a\\nnative of Ireland, and was brought by his parents, when\\nhe was a child, to Wiscasset in Maine. He afterwards became\\na resident of Worcester, Ms.; and having acquired a Medical\\neducation, settled in Londonderry as a Physician. Amid the\\nagitations and perils of 1775, he rose to the Presidency of the\\nNew-Hampshire Convention. Being soon after elected to\\nCongress, his name has the honor of an enrolment among the\\nsigners of the Declaration of Independence. He sustained a\\nvariety of important offices, -and lived to an advanced age.\\nThe last twenty-five years of his life were passed at Merri-\\nmac, in a rural abode on the bank of the river. Having gone\\nin 1803 on a visit to Newburyport, he was there arrested by\\ndeath. His decease was followed in a short space by that\\nof the Hon. Bezaleel Woodward, Professor of Mathematics\\nand Natural Philosophy in Dartmouth College and also of\\nthe Rev. Doct. McClintock of Greenland, highly esteemed by\\nhis cotemporaries as a patriot and Divine.\\nTo these brief memorials will be added notices of two\\nother individuals, whose deaths occurred in 1805. Judge\\nPickering of Portsmouth was a lawyer of much celebrity,\\nand for many years one of the prominent men of his day.\\nNot only had lie an important agency in the formation of\\nthe Constitution of New-Hampshire but at a later period,his\\neloquence had no small influence in procuring the ratification,\\non the part of this State, of the Federal Constitution. After\\nthe resignation of the Chair by President Langdon on his\\nelection as one of the Senators of New-Hampshire in Cob-", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "1805.] period ix.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1784\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1805. 175\\ngress, Mr. Pickering, as senior Senator, presided over\\nthe State the remainder of the year. As a candidate for\\nthe chair in the election of 1790, he was defeated but\\nwas afterwards appointed Chief Justice of the Superior Court,\\nand Judge of the United States Court for the District of New-\\nHampshire. In his last years he was afflicted with mental\\nderangement, and exhibited the afFecting spectacle of a bright\\nintellect in ruins\\nThe Hon. John Dudley, a native of Exeter, and afterwards\\na resident of Raymond, was a self-made man, and furnishes\\na striking instance of the triumph of laborious diligence over\\nthe defects of early education. He arrived at adult age with-\\nno other education than having learned to read, and lived as\\nan hired laborer with Col. Gilman, grandfather of Gov. Gil-\\nman. It has been well said that in those good old times,\\nthere was not such an insuperable barrier between the kitch-\\nen and the parlor, as modern wisdom or pride has erected\\nyoung Dudley was admitted into the family circle, and from\\nan association with intelligent men, derived a fund of political\\nand general information, to which he continued to make ad-\\nditions through a long series of years. His merits introduced\\nhim into public life. During the revolutionary war he was\\nthe Representative of his town in the Legislature, a member\\nof the Committee of Safety, and the confidential friend of\\nPresident Weare, Doct. Bartlett, and other patriots of the day.\\nHis sound practical wisdom and integrity at length elevated\\nhim to a seat on the bench of the Superior Court, which he\\nheld with reputation till the infirmities of age admonished\\nhim to retire. Much of his time after his retirement was de-\\nvoted to the reading of the Holy Scriptures, in which he took\\ngreat delight; often remarking, that he found new evidence\\nof the truth of the christian religion whenever he opened his\\nBible. In his disposal of the evening of his life, he exem-\\nplified the saying of an eminent statesman,who on being asked\\nafter his retirement from office, how he contrived to fill up\\nhis time replied, that to look back on a long life, and forward\\nto a long eternity, was employment sufficient to occupy his\\nfew remaining years.", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "PERIOD X.\\nFROM THE COMMENCEMENT OF GOV. LANGDON s ADM1NISTRA-\\nTION IN 1805, TO THE YEAR 1833.\\nThe political change which had transferred the control of\\nthe State government into the hands of the republican party,\\noccasioned no great interruption of the harmony of society\\nas the minority yielded a ready submission to the will of the\\nmajority. Gov. Langdon retained the chair for several years,\\nand conducted the Executive department with wisdom and\\nmoderation. He was happy in an association with successive\\nLegislatures of political views coincident with his own, and\\nthe various departments of the government moved on harmo-\\nmiously, and acceptably to the majority of the people.\\nOn the sixteenth of June, 1800, was presented to the eyes\\nof the people of New-Hampshire in common with millions\\nof others, the sublime spectacle of a total eclipse of the sun\\nnear mid-day. For a short space this luminary waa entirely\\nobscured during the greatest darkness, the sky was perfectly\\nserene, the stars were visible, the birds sang their evening lays,\\nand the animals betook themselves to their nocturnal retreats.\\nThe return of the light was instantaneous, presenting on one\\nedge of the solar orb a luminous thread of incomparable\\nbrilliancy.\\nThrough the whole duration of the royal government in\\nNew-Hampshire from 1680 to 1775, a period of almost a cen-\\ntury, Portsmouth was the permanent seat of government.\\nFrom the commencement of the revolutionary war, and on-\\nward through a period of more than thirty years, the Legis-\\nlature was a migratory body, holding its session in different\\nsections of the State, as the public convenience and the equal\\ndistribution of political privileges seemed to require. It met\\nin Exeter, Portsmouth, Concord, and Hopkinton, frequently:\\nin Dover, Amherst, Charleston, and Hanover, once in each\\nplace. Some efforts had been made to fix the seat of gov-\\nernment at Hopkinton but they failed of success. As a com-", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "1808.] period x.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1805\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1833. 1 77\\npliment to Gov. Langdon, the December session of 1805 was\\nholden at Portsmouth, the place of his residence. The June\\nsessions of 1806 and 1807 were at Hopkinton. At the close\\nof the last of these sessions, the Legislature adjourned to\\nmeet the next year at Concord, and from this place they have\\nnot since removed. It has not however been established as\\nthe seat of government by any Legislative act, other than by\\nadjournment.\\nThe war now raging between Great Britain and France,\\nled each of these powers to injure in every possible manner\\nthe commerce of the other and produced a series of orders\\nand Decrees from the belligerents, which made almost every\\nAmerican ship afloat, liable to capture. After ineffectual re-\\nmonstrances, Congress, with the view of preserving our\\nships, seamen and merchandize from capture, by retaining\\nthem in our own ports, and of bringing the aggressors to u\\nsense of justice by depriving them of the benefits of Ameri-\\ncan commerce, passed an Act laying an Embargo of indefi-\\nnite duration. This measure, interfering as it did with the\\npursuits of many of the people, and having the effect of de-\\npressing the prices of home produce and enhancing those of\\nimported articles, was extremely unpopular in New-England\\nand arrayed the larger portion of its inhabitants, in opposition\\nto the policy of the general government. The whole body of\\nthe Federalists assailed it in the most determined manner.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThough the Legislature of this State in June, 1808, voted an\\nAddress to President Jefferson, expressive of their approba-\\ntion of the measures of his administration, the Embargo in-\\ncluded the majority of the people were found not to sus-\\ntain the sentiments of the Address. At the election of Rep-\\nresentatives to Congress in August, the Federal ticket pre-\\nvailed by a considerable majority and at the choice of\\nElectors of President of the United States in November, tho\\nFederal and anti-Embargo candidates were elected, though\\nby a vote somewhat less decisive. The Electoral votes of the\\nState were accordingly given to Charles Cotesworth Pinckney\\nof South Carolina, the Federal candidate for the Presidency:\\nthe election however terminated in the choice of Mr. Madison,\\nthe Republican candidate, who was inaugurated as President\\nof the United States on the 4th of March, 1809. Mr. Jeffer-\\nson had declined another re-election, on the ground that rota-\\ntion in office ought to be the practice in republican govern-\\nments. Congress was at length induced by various consider-\\nations to repeal the Embargo Act, and to substitute in its stead\\na law, prohibiting all commercial intercourse with France and", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "178 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1812.\\nGreat Britain with a proviso, that in case either of these\\npowers should repeal its edicts against neutral commerce,the\\nnon-intercourse act should cease to operate against that na-\\ntion. This measure also met with strenuous opposition- a\\nrestrictive policy seemed not to suit the genius of the people.\\nAnother indication of its unpopularity was exhibited at the\\nelection of State officers this year, by the defeat of Gov. Lang-\\ndon, and the election of his competitor, the Hon. Jeremiah\\nSmith of Exeter, the Federal candidate for Governor. This\\ngentleman, eminent for his legal attainments, was a native of\\nPeterboro and for some years had occupied the station of\\nChief Justice of the Superior Court with distinguished abili-\\nty. He held the Chief Magistracy but one year the Repub-\\nlicans prevailing in 1810 to replace the former Governor, and\\nto return majorities of their own party to both branches of\\nthe Legislature. They were victorious also in the election\\nof 1811.\\nIn 1812, Gov. Langdon retired from the chair. Soneaily\\nwere the political parties balanced, that the scales hung al-\\nmost in equilibrium, and a small weight sufficed to give a\\nturn. Though the Federalists had been unsuccessful in their\\nattempts the two preceding years to elect Judge Smith, yet\\nthey had given him a heavy vote. They again brought for-\\nward Gov. Gilman, one of the most popular men in the State,\\nas their candidate for Governor while the Republicans sup-\\nported the Hon. William Plumerof Epping, formerly a Sen-\\nator in the National Legislature. The former received a few\\nvotes more than the latter, but not a majority of the whole\\nnumber the choice devolved of course on the Legislature,\\nand in Convention of the two Houses, Mr. Plumer was elected\\nGovernor by a majority of twenty-two votes. Mr. Langdon\\nwithdrew from the turmoils of public life, carrying with him\\na large measure of the affection and gratitude of the people\\nand passed his remaining years at his seat in Portsmouth.\\nJustly was he considered as having contributed, in a degree\\nscarcely inferior to any other man, to the establishment of\\nAmerican Indepeudance, and to the prosperity of his native\\nState. The evening of life he devoted to social enjoyment,\\ndevotional exercises, and benevolent efforts to benefit his fel-\\nlow men. He was accustomed to meet a small circle of his\\nchristian neighbors, some of them in humble life, and engage\\nwith them in his turn in religious conversation and worship\\nand was not unwilling to state, that such seasons were among\\nhis most valued hours. Immediately after his retirement from\\noffice,he became a Founderand liberal patron of the .Ve\u00c2\u00ab Hamp-", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "1812.] period x.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1805\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1833. 179\\nshire Bible Society\u00e2\u0080\u0094 an Institution, which has not only suppli-\\ned most of the destitute families of the State with the Inspir-\\ned Volume, but has contributed many thousands of dollars for\\nthe supply of other portions of our country, and of foreign\\nregions. Of the American Bible Society, it has been one of\\nthe most efficient Auxiliaries.\\nThe State Prison, or Penitentiary, was constructed this year\\nat Concord of hammered granite, at an expense of thirty-seven\\nthousand dollars. Placed under the immediate control of the\\nGovernor and Council, it early acquired the reputation of be-\\ning among the best regulated prisons in the country. Partic-\\nular attention has been paid by the officers to the moral and\\nreligious instruction of the convicts, with the hope of accom-\\nplishing, at least in some instances, a radical reformation.\\nBefore the erection of the Prison, there were eight crimes\\nagainst which the laws denounced the punishment of death\\nbut on a revision of the criminal code this year, the Legisla-\\nture reduced the number of capital offences to two treason\\nand murder and instead of the whip and the pillory, pre-\\nscribed by former laws in the punishment of some minor\\noffences, they wisely substituted imprisonment in the Peni-\\ntentiary a change which humanity and religion must warmly\\napprove.\\nThis year gave birth to a religious Institution which has\\nacquired in the christian world no small consideration, The\\nAmerican Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.\\nThough the centre of its operations is at Boston, its corporate\\nmembers are scattered through most of the States and among\\nthe citizens of New-Hampshire it numbers many of its patrons\\nand friends. A desire on the part of a few young men of\\ndistinguished talent and piety, among whom were Mills and\\nJudson, to engage in the enterprise of spreading a knowledge\\nof the gospel in heathen lands, led to the formation of this\\nBoard. Its concerns have been so managed as to secure a\\nlarge share of public confidence and its annual income, de-\\nrived chiefly from voluntary contributions, has risen from\\nsmall beginnings to about one hundred and forty thousand\\ndollars. Under its patronage Missionary Establishments, some\\nof which have been eminently useful in disseminating chris-\\ntian knowledge, have been formed in Hindostan, Ceylon, Syria,\\nTurkey, Greece, the Sandwich and Washington Islands, and\\namong several tribes of North American Indians. It has\\nsent exploratory Missions to China, Armenia, and Patagonia.\\nSeveral liberally educated and excellent young men of this\\nState, have been among the number of its Missionaries.", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "130 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE [1812.\\nFor some years the course pursued both by Great Britain\\nand France, had awakened resentments in the breasts of\\nAmericans. Both had been guilty of outrageous spoliations\\non our commerce. The two great political parties at home\\ncriminated each other in relation to their foreign attachments\\nthe Federalists accusing the Republicans of an overweening\\npartiality to France, while the latter retorted by accusing the\\nformer of being the servile apologists of Britain. At length\\nthe course of events concentrated the chief weight of popular\\nindignation on the heads of the British. The attack by a\\nBritish man of war on an American frigate, in 1807, in our\\nown waters, and in a time of peace the long delay of repa-\\nration the impressment of American seamen into British\\nships of war the capture of American vessels and the fail-\\nure of repeated efforts to obtain redress exhausted the pa-\\ntience of the nation and produced an exasperation of feeling\\nwhich issued, in June, 1812, in a Declaration of War against\\nGreat Britain. By a large party the measure was opposed as\\nunnecessary and unwise but it was urged forward by a deci-\\nsive majority, as a war for the freedom of the Ocean. Vigor-\\nous efforts were immediately made to fit out ships of war\\nand privateers, to annoy the commerce of the enemy also\\nto raise a formidable army for the reduction of Canada. Of\\nthis army, Maj. Gen. Henry Dearborn, a resident of Massa-\\nchusetts, but a native of New-Hampshire, and one of her\\nrevolutionary officers, was appointed Commander in Chief.\\nThis State furnished a considerable number of troops, and\\nseveral efficient officers, of whom Brigadier Generals James\\nMiller of Peterborough and John McNiel of Hillsborough\\nwere particularly distinguished.\\nSome victories were achieved by American ships of war\\nover British vessels of superior force, soon after the com-\\nmencement of hostilities. But on the land, defeat and disgrace\\nattended through the first campaign the arms of the Republic.\\nAmong the most disastrous events of this campaign, were\\nthe surrender of Gen. Hull and 2000 men to the British at\\nDetroit, and the defeat of the Americans under Gen. Van\\nRensellaer, in an attempt to invade Canada on the Niagarae\\nfrontier. The friends of the national administration wer\\nmortified and dejected and ascribed these failures to th e\\nunreasonable opposition of the Federalists to the measures of\\nthe government: while they on their part attributed them to\\nthe incapacity of the administration.\\nWith a small majority of the citizens of New-Hampshire,the\\nwar was unpopular. This circumstance gave the Electoral", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "1813.] period x.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1805.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1833 181\\nvotes of the State, at the quadrennial election of President,\\nnear the close of the year, to Dewitt Clinton of New- York who\\nwas supported, unsuccessfully however, by all the opponents\\nof the War, in opposition to Mr. Madison, the incumbent of\\nthe Chair. It led also to a political change at the annual State\\nElection in March, 1813 when Gov. Oilman, after a retire-\\nment of eight years, was elected over Gov. Plummer by a small\\nmajority, and replaced in the Chief Magistracy, in which he\\nwas continued by the voice of the people for three successive\\nyears. The Federalists at the same time returned majorities\\nof their own party to both branches of the Legislature.\\nAn Academical Institution at Plainfield, among the best\\nendowed in the State, was incorporated at this period, and\\ncalled the Kimball Uuion Academy. It possesses a permanent\\nfund of $40,000, the liberal bequest of the Hon. Daniel Kim-\\nball of which the income, with the exception of a small\\nportion, is devoted to the aid of pious and indigent young men\\ndestined to the christian ministry. The Institution is in a\\nflourishing condition, and has thus far accomplished in a good\\ndegree, the benevolent design of its Founder. Such bequests,\\nfor a purpose so important, entitle the donor to an enrollment\\namong the benefactors of his race.\\nA law, enacted by the Legislature at the June session abol-\\nishing the Superior Court of Judicature, and creating in its\\nstead a Supreme Judicial Court, excited in the public mind\\nno little agitation. One of the Judges of the old Court was\\nappointed to a seat on the bench of the new the other two\\nbeing dropped, and Judge Smith of Exeter was made Chief\\nJustice. By the Republicans, the constitutionality of the\\nmeasure was strenuously denied, on the ground that Judges\\ncould be removed from office only by impeachment, or an\\nAddress to the Governor by both branches of the Legislature\\nwhile the Federalists maintained that as the office was created\\nby the authority of the Legislature, the same authority was\\ncompetent to abolish it. The autumnal sessions of the Court\\nin the Counties of Strafford, Rockingham, and Hillsborough,\\nexhibited the singular spectacle of two sets of Judges, each\\nclaiming to be the highest judicial tribunal of the State, at-\\ntempting to exercise their conflicting jurisdictions over the\\nsame persons and things: but the members of the bar in gen-\\neral, the jurors, witnesses, and the majority of the people\\nrecognized the authority of the new Court. The Sheriff of\\nRockingham openly refused to obey its orders and the Sher-\\niff of Hillsborough, though he sent some of his Deputies to\\nattend it, gave his personal attendance on the old Court.", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "182 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1813.\\nThese affairs occasioned some confusion, and induced the\\nGovernor to convene the Legislature in October. They sup-\\nplied some deficiencies in the late Judiciary Act, and addressed\\nthe Chief Magistrate with a request for the removal from office\\nof the two Sheriffs which was accordingly done. In the\\nwestern Counties, the new Court proceeded in the discharge\\nof its duties without opposition or embarrassment.\\nTo the calamities of war was added that of a dreadful con-\\nflagration at Portsmouth, near the close of the year, which\\nlaid in ashes a flourishing portion of the town, including about\\n400 buildings. More than one fourth part of these were\\ndwelling houses, many of them large and elegant. So intense\\nwas the fire, that in the evening, the reflection of the light from\\nthe clouds was visible in the western parts of the State, and\\neven in Vermont as far as to the summits of the Green Moun-\\ntains, a distance of more than 100 miles. Large contributions\\nof money and provisions were collected from all quarters for\\nthe relief of the numerous sufferers.\\nThe war with Britain had been prosecuted in the mean time\\nwith various success but the predoiiiinent character of the\\ncampaign of 1813 was that of failure. As the scene of its\\noperations was without the limits of this State, a detailed ac-\\ncount of them comes not within the plan of a History of\\nNew-Hampshire. The chief military events of the year were\\nthe defeat and massacre of the Americans under Gen. Win-\\nchester at Frenchtown the capture of York in Upper Canada\\nby a detachment of American troops led by Gen. Dearborn;\\nthe defeat of the British by Gen. Brown in their attack on\\nSackett s Harbor the capture of the British squadron on Lake\\nErie by Commodore Perry the recovery of Detroit, and the\\ndefeat of the British by Gen. Harrison and the unsuccessful\\nattempt of the Americans under Gen.Wilkinson to penetrate to\\nMontreal. Of the campaign of 1814, the general results were\\ndecidedly favorable to the American arms. In the sanguinary\\nbattles of Chippewa and Bridgewater, in which the sons of\\nNew-Hampshire, led on by Miller and McNiel, bore a distin-\\nguished part, the victory, though dearly purchased, remained\\nwith the Americans. The British succeeded in their attempt\\non the City of Washington, but in their attack on Baltimore,\\nthey met with a mortifying defeat. Their naval armament on\\nLake Champlain, after a severe conflict, fell into the hands of\\nCommodore McDonough and on the same day their invading\\narmy from Canada, under Gen. Provost, sustained a calamitous*\\ndefeat at Plattsburg, and retreated with precipitation.\\nLate in the summer, a powerful British naval force came", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "1814.] period x.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1805\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1833. 183\\ninto Penobscot Bay and landed a body of troops, which took\\npossession of Castine and some other towns on these waters.\\nThe proximity of this force awakened in Portland, Portsmouth\\nand Boston, serious apprehensions of an attack so great was\\nthe alarm that many families hastily removed into the country.\\nLarge detachments of the militia were summoned to the pro-\\ntection of Portsmouth, and stationed in and around the town,\\nunder the immediate command of the Governor. Apprised\\nof the formidable means of defence, collected by the Ameri-\\ncans at all the large towns on the coast, the enemy did not\\nventure upon any of the meditated attacks.\\nBy the perils and sacrifices incident to such a state of things,\\nthe popular discontents were greatly aggravated. The party\\nopposed to the war accused the national administration of\\nemploying the resources drawn from New-England on distant\\nand impracticable objects, and of leaving this region destitute\\nof the necessary means of defence. Some went even so far\\nas to propose the retention both of the militia, and ot the rev-\\nenue accruing in the eastern States, for their own protection.\\nThe State of Massachusetts appointed Delegates, to whom\\nwere added others appointed by Connecticut and Rhode-Island,\\nwho met in Convention at Hartford, for the purpose of consid-\\nering the public grievances and proposing means of redress.\\nIn this Convention the Government of New-Hampshire took\\nno pari. It has indeed been affirmed that Gov. Gilman pro-\\nposed a special session of the Legislature, with the view of\\nsubmitting to them the question of appointing Delegates on\\nthe part of this State but a majority of the Council, being of\\nthe Republican party, refused their concurrence. County\\nconventions were however holdcn by the Federalists in Chesh-\\nire and Grafton, in which that party had large majorities\\nwho elected Benjamin West and Mills Olcott to represent\\nthose Counties in the Convention at Hartford. This body, on\\ntheir adjournment, published an Address to the people, enu-\\nmerating the grievances of New-England and proposing such\\nalterations in the Constitution of the United States, as they\\nsupposed Avould prevent their recurrence in time to come.\\nWhat would have been the result of their meeting, had the\\nwar continued, it is impossible to determine as the unexpec-\\nted cessation of hostilities, soon after their adjournment,\\nrelieved the public distress, and of course rendered their plans\\nabortive. The alleged objects and procedings of the Hartford\\nConvention were denounced by the Republicans in the strong-\\nest terms.\\nA powerful British expedition destined to attack New-", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "184 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1815.\\nOrleans, arrived at the mouth of the Mississippi near the close\\nof the year. In their approach to the city, they were met and\\ndefeated by Gen. Jackson, on the 8th of January, 1815, with\\nthe loss of 2000 men while on the part of the x\\\\mericans,\\nwho occupied a fortified position, only six or seven were killed\\nA disparity, of which the annals of war scarce furnish another\\ninstance. So dreadful a slaughter seemed to exemplify the\\nproud taunt of x\\\\laric, The thicker the hay, the more easily\\nis it mowed.\\nThe news of this decisive victory was almost immediately\\nfollowed by the anival of a British vessel at New- York,\\nbringing intelligence still more welcome that of Peace.\\nExpresses were instantly sent off in all directions, and the\\nintelligence flew with electric rapidity into every nook and\\ncorner of the country exciting an almost delirious joy.\\nWherever it arrived at a large town or village in the night, the\\nringing of the bells summoned the inhabitants from their mid-\\nnight slumbers to receive the information and the morning\\nsun shed its beams on multitudes of animated and smiling\\ncountenances. All parties of men joined in mutual congratu-\\nlations. The soldier gladly exchanged the toils of the camp\\nfor the repose of home, and the mariner lost no time in again\\nspreading his canvass to the wind, and stretching his way on\\nthe Ocean. Commerce assumed an unwonted activity, and in\\na short space poured into our harbors the riches of almost\\nevery clime.\\nDuring the three or four preceding years, the northern\\nStates had witnessed the rise and spread of a new and singular\\ndisease, the Spotted Fever. In many instances it was quite\\nmortal, sweeping away forty or fifty of the inhabitants of a\\ncommon-sized country town in a few weeks. The first indi-\\ncation of an attack was not unfrequently a sudden pain in some\\nof the extremities, quickly spreadiug over the system, and\\noften terminating fatally in less than twenty-four hours. If\\ncontagious at all, the epidemic was contagious in an extremely\\nslight degree raging in some towns, while others, with which\\nthey had unrestrained communication, were exempt from any\\nunusual sickness. In consequence of its ravages, many of\\nthe congregations of the State were clad in the habiliments of\\nmourning.\\nA large and splendid map of New-Hampshire was published\\nat this time by Philip Carrigain, Esq. under the patronage of\\nthe Legislature. The most eminent artists united in the opin-\\nion, that no map of any of the States had then been executed,\\ncomparable with it in simplicity of arrangement and taste of", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "1816.] period x.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1805\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1833. 185\\nexecution. To each town, and to each of the incorporated\\nliterary institutions, the government furnished a copy and\\nmany of the citizens suspended it in their dwellings.\\nSoon after the Autumnal Equinox, occurred one of the\\nmost violent storms of wind and rain, ever known in J;he\\ncountry, surpassing in violence the tempest of 1804, of 1751,\\nand even the great Tempest of 1635, when some of the In-\\ndians at Narraganset were compelled to climb trees to find a\\nrefuge from the waters. Its greatest fury was on the coast\\nfrom Portsmouth to New-London. Within these limits, build-\\nings were demolished the wood and timber on thousands of\\nacres blown down several churches wholly or partially de-\\nstroyed and on many windows distant some miles from the\\nsea, was deposited a thin covering of salt, produced by the\\nspray forced by the blast from the surface of the ocean, and\\ndriven over the land in the form of mist. At Providence, on\\naccount of the narrowing of the river, the tide rose to a ter-\\nrific height, forcing vessels into the streets, and threatening\\ndestruction both to the houses and their inmates. Women\\nand children were in many instances rescued from the cham-\\nber windows by boats. Flocks of gulls, a bird which never\\nleaves the vicinity of the sea, except by violent stress of\\nweather, were seen 30 and 40 miles inland but as soon as\\nthe blast subsided they took wing, in a direction toward their\\nown element.\\nAt the Election of 1816, the Federalists supported as then-\\ncandidate for the office of Governor, the Hon. James Sheafe\\nof Portsmouth the Republicans however effected the elec-\\ntion of Wm. Plumer, by a majority of about 2000 votes, and\\nsecured majorities in both branches of the General Court.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nGov. Gilman, who had declined to be a candidate for re-elec-\\ntion, took his final leave of public life, and passed the residue\\nof his years in retirement at his seat in Exeter. The Repub-\\nlican Legislature of this vear repealed the Judiciary Act ot\\nthe Federal Legislature of 1813, thereby abolishing lhe\\nSupreme Judicial Court, and restoring the former Superior\\nCourt of Judicature. Another important measure of the\\nsession related to Dartmouth College. Dimculties of long\\nstanding had existed between President John Wheelock and\\nthe Board of Trustees. He had referred the case by a memo-\\nrial to the Legislature of the preceding year, who had ap-\\npointed a Committee to repair to Hanover and investigate the\\naffairs of the College. Without waiting for a legislative de-\\ncision, the Trustees at the next Commencement removed\\nPresident Wheelock, and appointed the Rev. Francis Brown\\na*", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "}86 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [i816\\nto preside over the Institution. An act was now passed to\\nAmend the Charter, and enlarge and improve the Corpora-\\ntion of Dartmouth College. It increased the number of\\nTrustees, created a Board of Overseers to be appointed by\\nthe Governor and Council, possessing a supervisory power\\nover the doings of the Trustees, and changed the style of the\\nInstitution from College to University. As this Act in effect\\ndeprived the old Trustees of the control of the College, and\\ntransferred it to men, who, as it was supposed, would favor a\\nnew order of things a majority of the former body resisted\\nit as unconstitutional. The University Trustees and Overseers\\nwere unable to form a quorum of their respective Boards at\\ntheir first meeting at Commencement, as the former Trustees\\nrefused to act with them, or to recognize their authority. A\\nLegislative Act having reduced the number necessary to con-\\nstitute a quorum, the new Trustees afterwards met at Con-\\ncord, removed President Brown and Professors Adams and\\nShurtleff from Office, reinstated Mr. Wheelock in the Presi-\\ndency, and appointed Professors in the room of those whom\\nthey had removed. Persons were authorized by them to take\\npossession of the College edifices, library, and apparatus.\\nThe newly appointed University officers began a course of\\nCollegiate instruction but as the old officers continued on\\ntheir part the usual course, in apartments procured for the\\npurpose, and as almost all the students adhered to their cause,\\nthe University had little more than a nominal existence.\\nThe advantages of a connected view of a controversy\\nwhich enlisted on one side or the other, the feelings of almost\\nevery citizen, will more than balance the inconvenience of\\nanticipating dates. The old Trustees appealed for redress to\\nthe Superior Court of the State, whose decision, made in\\n1817, was against them on which they carried the matter\\nbefore the Supreme Court of the United States. During its\\npendency, a variety of transactions, tending to increase the\\npopular excitement, occurred at Hanover. Two rival societies,\\nThe Social Friends, and The United Fraternity, had long exist-\\ned among the students, and had accumulated libraries of two\\nthousand volumes each. These valuable libraries the Uni-\\nversity officers wished of course to retain in the College edi-\\nfice while the members of the societies, who were generally\\nattached to the College and opposed to the University, deem-\\ning themselves justly entitled to the superintendence as well\\nas the use of the property, determined to remove it to a place\\nwithin their own control. On an evening in November, some\\nof the University officers, with several attendants, attempted,", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "16167] period x.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1805\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1833. 187\\naccording to their own statement, to secure the doors of the\\nlibrary rooms for the purpose of preventing the removal.\\nNo sooner had they entered the library of the Social Friends,\\nthan the cry, Turn out, Social Friends, your library is bro-\\nken open resounded through the village, and quickly brought\\ntogether a large Dumber of the College students. Indignant\\nat the entrance, which they viewed as an assault on their prop-\\nerty, they compelled the officers to retire into another apart-\\nment, and detained them there till the removal of the books\\nwas accomplished.\\nIn 1819, the Snpremc Court of the United States reversed\\nthe decision of the Superior Court of New-Hampshire, and\\ndeclared the act of the Legislature intended to new-model\\nthe College, unconstitutional and void. This decision, being\\nfinal, annihilated the University, and restored the College to\\nits former standing. It suffered materially in the course of\\nthe controversy, by the loss of two or three years use of the\\nfunds, edifices, and library. President Wheclock died before\\nthe decision was made. The people of the State were divi-\\nded for and against the College, partly by the influence of po-\\nlitical feelings, partly on the ground of religious sentiments,\\nand partly by personal and local attachments the whole af-\\nfair excited much unfriendly feeling, and was attended with a\\nvariety of unpleasant circumstances.\\nTo return to 1816 this year is the era of the formation in\\nthe city of New-York, of the American Bible Society an In-\\nstitution which has received from New-Hampshire a liberal\\nsupport. In connection with its numerous Auxiliaries scat-\\ntered over the country, it has gratuitously distributed, in the\\nUnited States and in foreign countries, some hundreds of\\nthousands of Bibles and Testaments, in seven or eight lan-\\nguages. Its Anniversaries bring together great assemblies of\\nChristians, of almost all the different denominations not for\\ndisputation or mutual proscription, but to join in peaceful\\nand affectionate co-operation in giving a wider diffusion to\\nthe word of God. A glorious triumph of the gospel over hu-\\nman prejudice and passion\\nEnquiries in relation to the lawfulness of war, and the prac-\\nticability of its abolition among Christian nations, engaged at\\nthis time a share of attention, both in America and Europe.\\nPrior to this date, a society had been formed in Massachusetts\\nfor the diffusion of pacific principles, which published a Pe-\\nriodical called The Friend of Peace. Some few of the\\ncitizens of New-Hampshire became interested in the subject.\\nOne of the earliest and most efficient writers on the side of", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "188 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1816.\\nPeace, was the Rev. Noah Worcester, a native of this State,\\nwho was for many years the Minister of Thornton, and after-\\nwards removed to Massachusetts. His Solemn Review of\\nthe custom of War, passed through many editions, and made\\nto some extent an impression on the pnblic mind, both in this\\ncountry and in Britain. From these incipient efforts have\\nsprung the American Peace Society, and some others of a\\nsimilar character in Europe. Their object is to convince so-\\nciety, that war is not a necessary evil that a custom which\\nin past ages has squandered the treasures, corrupted the mor-\\nals, and destroyed the happiness of nations has butchered\\nmillions of victims and has often arrayed under opposing\\nstandards, for the purpose of shedding each other s blood,\\nprofessed followers of the same Saviour may, and ought to\\nbe abolished, as repugnant to the gospel. Their progress in\\ndisseminating these principles, has been moderate, but suffi-\\ncient to encourage further effort from the great body of\\nChristians, the subject has not yet received that attention\\nwhich its importance demands. Is war in any case consist-\\nent with the precepts of Christianity if sometimes consist-\\nent, when are questions worthy the serious consideration\\nof every mau who aims to regulate his life, not merely by the\\ncustoms of the world, but according to the revealed will of\\nGod.\\nA belief had long and extensively existed of the practica-\\nbility of a canal from the Merrimac to the Connecticut, by\\nway of Sunapee Lake. It was to leave the Merrimac at the\\njunction of the Contoocook, to proceed thence to the lake,\\nand onward to the Connecticut by the Sugar river valley.\\nOn a survey of the route, and of the shores of the Sunapee,\\nby Commissioners appointed by Massachusetts and New-\\nHampshire, the lake was found to be elevated more than eight\\nhundred feet above the two rivers and the canal to be of\\ncourse impracticable, except at an expense far surpassing all\\nthe probable benefits.\\nIt would be improper to close the account of 1816 without\\na notice of the remarkable prevalence of cold, through the\\nsummer and autumn. The year is well remembered as the\\ncold season, and is often designated in familiar conversation as\\nthe poverty year. The mean annual temperature, as observed\\nat Epping, was 43\u00c2\u00b0. Snow fell in the southern part of the\\nState on the 9th of June and August was the only month of\\nthe year exempt from frost. Early autumnal frosts almost de-\\nstroyed the crop of maize. At Lyman, the ice formed in a\\nwell, sunk in elevated ground at some distance from Connec-", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0192.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "1817.] period x.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1805\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1833. ISO\\nticut river, was not dissolved till the latterpart of July. Not\\na few came to the conclusion that it was vain to think of rais-\\ning their bread on the cold hills of New-Hampshire, and that\\nthey must hasten to the remoteWEs-r; where they fondly hoped\\nto find an almost perpetual sunshine and unfailing plenty.\\nNever was the passion for emigration, then familiarly called\\nthe Ohio Fever at a greater height. But though the unu-\\nsual aspect of the season deprived the State of a portion of\\nits inhabitants, by inducing removals, it had a moral influence,\\nhighly salutary. It reminded man of his dependence on his\\nCreator, and awakened in many a breast serious reflection.\\nIn many of the towns, an improved state of religious society,\\nbecame strikingly evident.\\nThe Rev. Dr. Dwight, President of Yale College, who died\\nearly in 1817, merits the respectful remembrance of the citi-\\nzens of New-Hampshire for his vivid descriptions of her\\nscenery, and his valuable notices of the history, laws, and\\nmanners of her people. He ranks among the greatest and\\nbest men our country has produced; and his eloquence, moral\\ndignity, and admirable discipline, imparted a lustre to the\\ngreat literary Institution, in which he held the Academical\\nChair. Courted in early life by prospects and even offers of\\nthe highest civic distinction, he preferred the labors of the\\nchristian ministry in a country parish. But alight so brilliant\\ncould not long be hid j on tlit; occurrence of a vacancy in\\nthe Presidency of Yale College, every eye was turned on him\\nas the fittest candidate for the vacant chair. More than any\\nother man, he contributed to check the alarming progress of\\ninfidelity near the close of the last century. Of his -Trave s\\nin New-England and New-York, in four large Octavos, no\\ninconsiderable part is filled with interesting details relative to\\nthis State.\\nTo the Federal candidate, Rufus King of New-York, the\\nreturns of the votes for a successor to Mr. Madison in the\\nPresidency of the United States, gave but a small number.\\nMr. Monroe received a great majority, including those of\\nNew-Hampshire, and was inaugurated on the fourth of March.\\nIn the following summer he made a tour of observation in the\\nnorthern States, and was received by both political parties\\nwith cordiality and respect. He came from Boston to Ports-\\nmouth, and wont thence into Maine. On his return he passed\\nthrough Dover, Concord, and Hanover into Vermont, and was\\nevery where received with processions, addresses, entertain-\\nments, and other marks of popular respect. One object of\\nthe tour was to allay the irritations, subsisting between the", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0193.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "190 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1819.\\ngreat political parties, and in this he succeeded to a consider-\\nable extent. His visit brought them in contact under circum-\\nstances favorable to the excitement of kindly feelings there\\nwas a mitigation of party spirit; in many places an era of\\ngood feelings commenced and continued for several years.\\nAt Hanover occurred a little incident, which imparted to hi3\\nvisit in that village no small degree of interest. Mrs. Wheel-\\nock, the widow of the late President Wheelock, was one of\\na circle of ladies and gentlemen, met to enjoy an interview\\nwith the President. Forty years before, when a resident of\\nNew-Jersey, she had nursed Mr. Monroe, then a Lieutenant in\\nthe American army, in a severe illness occasioned by a wound\\nlie had received in the battle of Trenton. Though he had not\\nseen her since, the President recognized her and manifested\\nmuch gratification at so unexpected an opportunity of express-\\ning his gratitude to his former benefactress.\\nThe State House or Capitol at Concord, a beautiful edifice\\nof hammered granite, containing ample accommodations for\\nthe Executive and Legislative departments of the government,\\nwas constructed this year at an expense of more than eighty\\nthousand dollars. Much of the labor was performed by tha\\nconvicts in the State Prison. The Portsmouth Athenaeum\\nwas incorporated the same year an Institution possessing a\\nvaluable Library, and Cabinets of Mineralogy and of Natural\\nHistory.\\nGov. Plumer having declined another re-election, the Hon.\\nSamuel Bell of Chester was chosen Governor, in 1819, by a\\nlarge majority over the Federal Candidate, William Hale of\\nDover. The number of votes cast was comparatively small,\\nindicating the existence at this period of an apathy in regard\\nto the elections, quite unlike the state of things in former\\nyears. There was a feeling in the political parties like that\\nof competitors who have wrestled together, till both are be-\\ncome weary of the struggle. A few years rest recruited their\\nstrength for the renewal of the combat. Soon after Gov.\\nBell s accession to the Chair, the Legislature passed, not\\nwithout powerful opposition, the well known Act commonly\\ncalled the Toleration law. Before this time, the law required\\neach citizen to pay his proportion toward the support of tho\\nsettled Minister of the town or parish in which he resided,\\nunless he produced a certificate from some society of another\\ndenomination, stating that he attended their worship, and\\ncontributed to the support of their religious order. The new\\nAct provides, that no person shall be compelled to join or\\nsupport any congregation, church, or religious Society, with-", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0194.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "1821.] period x.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1805\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1833. 191\\nout his express consent and that any person, choosing to\\nseparate himself from such Society, shall, on leaving a\\nwritten notice with the Clerk, he exempted from any futuro\\nexpenses that may he incurred by the Society. To the great\\ninterests of religion and morality, the practical operation of\\nthis Act, casting the maintainance of the Christian Ministry\\nentirely on its voluntary supporters, has not been adverse.\\nThe institutions of religion have been as well attended, and\\nprobably as well supported since this enactment, as at any\\nformer period. Of neat and elegant edifices for public wor-\\nship, with spires pointing to Heaven, proclaiming to the\\ntraveller that the surrounding population acknowledge the\\nGod of Heaven, a greater number have been erected than in\\nany other period of the same duration.\\nIn the latter part of 1820 a revival of religion began in\\nConnecticut, which in the course of a year extended its\\ninfluence to half the towns in that State, and to many others\\nin various parts of New-England. Some of the towns in\\nNew-Hampshire exhibited an unusual interest in the means\\nof religious knowledge, and the churches were materially\\nenlarged.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0#The census taken at this time gave the State a population\\nof 244,000, surpassing that of 1810 by 30,000. The whole\\npopulation of the United States fell not much short of ten\\nmillions. By a vote almost unanimous, the Presidential\\nelection near the close of the year again resulted in favor\\nof Mr. Munroe only one electoral vote, and that a New-\\nHampshire vote, being given to John Q,. Adams.\\nA whirlwind, by far the most violent ever known in this\\nquarter, entered this State from Vermont on the 9th of Sept.\\n1821, and passed through Cornish, Croydon, and Wendell, to\\nSunapee Lake, gathering fury in its progress. A family in\\nWendell, living eighty rods from the lake, were struck with\\nalarm by its terrific approach, and saw the air filled with birds\\nand branches of trees, careering in wild disorder. The next\\nmoment their buildings were entirely demolished; a child\\nsleeping on a feather bed was carried into the lake and drown-\\ned and the bed was afterwards found in Andover, having\\nbeen hurled through the air almost twenty miles. With fear-\\nful impetuosity the whirlwind passed over the Lake in the\\nform of an inverted pyramid, drawing up vast quantities of\\nwater and crossed the towns of New-London, Sutton, and\\nWarner, to Salisbnry demolishing buildings, killing and\\nwounding several persons, forcing trees, logs, and even rocks\\ninto the air, and making the heaviest objects the plaything of", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0195.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "192 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1822,\\nthe raging element. In width it did not exceed a quarter\\nof a mile. It is remarkable that on the same day, and\\nalmost at the same hour, another whirlwind of almost equal\\nviolence, and parallel in its course, passed from Warwick,\\nMass. through Orange to Athol, where its fury was broken by\\nstriking against the side of Tully mountain. These whirl-\\nwinds both took a direction from west to east, at the distance\\nof sixty miles from each other so tremendous was their pow-\\ner, that garments, beds, articles of furniture, branches of trees\\nand fragments of buildings were hurled in the air to the dis-\\ntance of ten, and even twenty miles.\\nA law was enacted this year imposing on the Banks an\\nannual tax of one half of one per cent on the amount of\\ntheir capital, for the purpose of creating a Literary Fund.\\nThe tax produced at first about five thousand dollars annually,\\nand in a few years, the avails of it amounted by the accumu-\\nlation of principal and interest, to more than fifty thousand\\ndollars. Originally it was intended to constitnte an endow-\\nment for another College, to be located near the centre of the\\nState, and placed under the direction of the State govern-\\nment: but after some years other views prevailed, and the\\nlegislature thought proper to distribute the fund among the\\nseveral towns, to be applied at their discretion to purposes of\\neducation. The gradual increase of banking capital has\\nswelled the amount of this tax to more than ten thousand\\ndollars annually, which sum is in like manner distributed to\\nthe towns for the same purpose.\\nGen. Stark of Manchester, the last survivor of the Ameri-\\ncan General Officers in the Revolutionary War, in which as\\nwell as in the preceding French war he rendered important\\nservices to his country, died in May, 1822 having passed\\nmany of his last years in agricultural pursuits on the bank of\\nthe M err i mac, and attained to the great age of ninety three.\\nHe was born at Londonderry, and was a descendant of one\\nof the Scottish familes who settled in that town. When al-\\nmost eighty years old, he received from Jefferson an affection-\\nate letter, in which he complimented him on his former victory\\nat Bennington, as having given the first favorable turn to that\\nimportant campaign. A few years afterwards, he was solicited\\nby some gentlemen of Vermont to attend a celebration of\\nour national Independence at Bennington, the theatre of his\\ntriumph, with the offer of the expenses of his journey being\\ndefrayed by those who sought the gratification of seeing him.\\nOn account of the infirmities of age, and also on the ground", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0196.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "1823.] period x.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1805\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1833. 193\\nthat those who invited him would find him not worth seeing/\\nhe declined the invitation.\\nA bridge over the Pascataqua from Portsmouth to Kittery\\nin Maine, had long been an object of much interest but on\\naccount of the rapidity and great depth of the river, varying\\nfrom 43 to 53 feet at low water, for the space of almost sixty\\nrods, the enterprise, however desirable, had been considered\\nas impracticable. It was at this time effected by some public\\nspirited citizens in the short period of six months, at an expense\\nof about $32,000. The bridge has two sections of 480 and\\n1750 feet in length difficulties, such as had not been before\\nencountered in this country, were overcome in the progress\\nof its erection. It greatly facilitates the communication of\\nPortsmouth and all the region south of it, with the State of\\nMaine. The preceding year had witnessed the erection of a\\nbridge of equal length, connecting Portsmouth with New-\\nCastle.\\nFor the first time, an attempt was made to introduce into\\nNew- Hampshire the principles of the Roman Catholic Church*\\nThe Rev. Mr. Barber, who had passed some time at Rome,\\nwas ordained at the Catholic Chapel in Boston as a Catholic\\nMissionary to this State and has since collected a small society\\nat Claremont to which has been added another society of\\nthis denomination at Dover.\\nOn the completion of two centuries from the first settlement\\nof the State in 1623, a centennial celebration of this event at\\nPortsmouth on the 21st of May, 1823, excited much interest,\\nand awakened many a recollection of olden time. An ora-\\ntion was delivered on the occasion by Nathaniel A. Haven;\\nand a Poem by O. W. B. Peabody. There was a numerous\\ncollection of eminent citizens, and a handsome display of the\\nportraits of distinguished personages, who had flourished\\nhere in former generations.\\nHaving been elected as one of the Senators of this State in\\nCongress, Gov. Bell retired from the Chair in 1823. For some\\ntime the custom had obtained of making nominations of can-\\ndidates for the Chair, on the part of each political party, by\\nits members in the Legislature, at some session previous to\\nthe election. By the Republican members, the Hon. Samuel\\nDinsmoor had been thus nominated as the successor of Gov.\\nBell. In this nomination a portion of that party did not then\\nacquiesce and in pursuance of a counter nomination after-\\nwards made at a meeting in Dover, they, in conjunction with\\nthe Federalists, effected the election of the Hon. Levi Wood-\\nbury, a native of Francestown, who had been a Judge of the\\nR", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0197.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": ".194 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1824\\nSuperior Court. Another practice, which within a period not\\nlong, has grown into a custom, is that of nominating Counsel-\\nlors\u00c2\u00b0 Senators, and County officers, at Conventions of Delegates\\nfrom the towns in the several Counties and Districts, appointed\\nby their respective political parties. At the June session of\\nthe Legislature the New-Hampshire Historical Society was\\nincorporated, for the purposes of collecting and preserving\\ndocuments illustrative of the History of the State. It has\\nbegun the formation of a Library, and published four Vol-\\numes of valuable historical papers.\\nNo choice of Governor was effected by the people in 1824.\\nGov. Woodbury and the Hon. David L. Morril of Goffstown,\\nformerly a Senator in Congress, both of the Republican school\\nof politics, were the two prominent candidates but as neither\\nhad a majority of all the votes, the latter was elected by the\\njoint ballot of the Senate and House of Representatives, and\\nheld the Chair by successive re-elections for three years.\\nAt this period was formed the New-Hampshire Sunday\\nSchool Union, auxiliary to the American Sunday School Union\\nat Philadelphia. This excellent Institution, whose object is\\nthe formation and encouragement of Sunday Schools, has\\npublished a variety of cheap, juvenile books, well adapted to\\ninterest and benefit the young. The Founder of Sunday\\nSchools was Robert Raikes, of Gloucester in England. Going\\none day into the suburbs of that city to get a man to work in\\nhis garden, and not finding him at home, he waited for his\\nreturn. Being much annoyed by a group of noisy, profane\\nboys in the street, he asked the gardener s wife why they were\\nnot better instructed O Sir, said she, if you were to see\\nthem on Sunday, you would pity them indeed we can t read\\nour Bible in peace for their noise. This little incident,which\\noccurred in 1782, gave Mr. Raikes the first hint of the utility\\nof Suuday Schools and led to the formation of a large number\\nof them in England. The plan was introduced at Philadelphia\\nin 1791 by Bishop White, Dr. Rush, Mr. Ralston, Mr. Carey\\nand other eminent philanthropists. Sunday School instruction\\nwas little known in New-Hampshire before the year 1815\\nsince that time, the system has been adopted in almost every\\npart of the State, and by almost all the religious denomina-\\ntions. A New-Hampshire Sabbath School Unicn has been\\nformed by the Baptist also and the whole number of Sunday\\nSchool scholars throughout the State now amounts to more\\nthan forty thousand.\\nAt the warmly contested Presidential election near the close\\nof the year, there were four candidates for the Presidency", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0198.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "1826.] period x.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1805\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1833. 195\\nJohn Q. Adams, Andrew Jackson, William H. Crawford, and\\nHenry Clay, each of whom was respectably supported. Of\\nthe Republicans of New-Hampshire, a portion preferred Mr.\\nCrawford; but another portion amalgamated with the Feder-\\nalists in the support of Mr. Adams. The Electoral votes of\\nthe State were given to the latter candidate, who, on failure of\\na choice by the Electoral Colleges, was chosen by the House\\nof Representatives and inaugurated as President on the fourth\\nof the following March.\\nThough Gov. Woodbury had lost his election to the Chair\\nthe preceding year, he was returned from Portsmouth to the\\nHouse of Representatives in 1825, and chosen Speaker. In\\nthe course of the session, he was elected one of the Senators\\nfor this State in Congress, and resigned the Speaker s Chair\\nwhich was filled for the remainder of the session by the Hon.\\nHenry Hubbard of Charlestown. Gen. La Fayette, the ardent\\nfriend of America in the Revolutionary struggle, revisited this\\ncountry after an absence of more than forty years. He was\\neverywhere received as the Nation s Guest, and greeted with\\nexpressions of enthusiastic attachment. Crowds of citizens\\nflocked to see and welcome him. I5y invitation of the govern-\\nment, he came into this State in June, 1825, and was received\\nby Gov. Morril, by the Legislature, and by the citizens at large,\\nwith every demonstration of gratitude and affection. At a\\npublic dinner at Concord, provided in honor of his visit, the\\ntables were occupied by more than 700 persons, including the\\nExecutive, the members of the Senate and House of Repre-\\neentatives, the judges and other public officers, and more than\\n200 hundred of the aged survivors of the revolutionary army,\\n]ed by Gen. Pierce.\\nThe fourth of July, 182G, completed half a century since\\nthe Declaration of American Independence, and was rendered\\nmemorable by the death, on that day, of two of the illustri-\\nous signers of that instrument, John Adams and Thomas Jef-\\nerson, former Presidents of the United States. Though rivals in\\npolitics, they had cherished after their retirement to private\\nlife a mutual esteem and were not divided in death. Their\\nformer concurrence, the one as the writer, the other as the elo-\\nquent advocate of that Declaration their subsequent rivalry as\\nleaders of great political parties their elevation to the first\\noffice in the country ;the coincidence of their deaths the day\\nof its occurrence and the completion of half a century from\\nthe birth of our freedom all formed an assemblage of cir-\\ncumstances, which excited throughout the country an indiscri-\\nbable sensation.", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0199.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "196 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1826.\\nNumerous projects were on foot at tins time for the extension\\nof inland navigation in various parts of New-England. A\\nCompany was formed at Hartford, called the Connecticut River\\nCompany, for the purpose of rendering the river of that name\\nnavigable, by means of dams and canals round the successive\\nfalls, as far as to Lyman, N. H. Many individuals were im-\\npressed with the belief of the practicability of a canal communi-\\ncation from Dover, through Winncpisiogee Lake to the\\nPemigevvassett, and thence to Connecticut river and Lake\\nMemphremagog; thus connecting the Capitals of New-Hamp-\\nshire and Massachusetts with Canada. Col. Dewit Clinton\\nof the U. S. corps of Engineers, and Col. Carrigain, the\\nCommissioner of the government of New-Hampshire, had\\nexamined in the preceding year the upper portion of Connec-\\nticut river, from its parent lake to Maclndoes falls in Lyman,\\na distance of 92 miles; and found the descent of the river,\\nwithin these limits, to be 1170 feet. The Legislatures of\\nVermont and New-Hampshire granted to the Connecticut\\nriver Company the powers necessary to effect within the ju-\\nrisdictions of these States, their public spirited designs but\\nnothing effectual was done, and probably all these splendid\\nenterprises will long remain unaccomplished.\\nAn Academical Institution having for some years existed at\\nNew-Hampton, it was now enlarged under the provisions of\\na new Charter, granted by the Legislature, and a Theological\\nDepartment was annexed to it, chiefly by the agency of gen-\\ntlemen of the Baptist denomination. It is placed under the\\nimmediate superintendence of two Professors; one of Theol-\\nogy and the Languages the other of Mathematics, Natural\\nPhilosophy and English Literature. Surrounded by romantic\\nscenery, and possessed of respectable accommodations, it is\\nnow the resort of a large number of students, including many\\ndestined to the christian ministry, and ranks among the flour-\\nishing Institutions of the State.\\nOn the twenty-eighth of August occurred a most destruc-\\ntive flood, produced by a sudden and violent rain, which\\nraised the branches of the Connecticut and Merrimac rivers\\nto an unprecedented height. Little brooks became raging\\ntorrents bridges, mills, dams, and buildings were swept away\\nand such chasms cut in the roads, a.sto render it easier in many\\ninstances to construct new ones than r pair the old. At Bath,\\nthe Ammonoosuc suddenly became turbid and thick with\\nearth, then spread itself over its lower banks and meadows,\\nand soon exhibited one wide, roaring, sweeping roll of billows,\\nbearing along the wreck of bridges, buildings, fences, crops,", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0200.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "1826.] period x.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1805\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1833. 197\\nand animals caught by the waves in their pastures. The beds\\nof many mountain streams were excavated to a surprising\\ndepth and width in some places the fury of the flood cut out\\nfor the waters new and permanent channels. Torrents of water\\nrushed through the Notch of the White Mountains, breaking\\nup the very foundations of the turnpike road for a great dis-\\ntance, and leaving a shapeless mass of loosened crags, rocks\\npiled on rocks, and yawning chasms. From the sides of the\\nmountains, slides or avalanches descended to the lower grounds,\\nbearing down thousands of tons of gravel, rocks and broken\\ntrees; and laying bare the solid mountain rock over an extent\\nof hundreds of acres. Late in the preceding day, a party of\\ngentlemen, among whom were Col. Bartlett and Mr. Moore of\\nConcord, left Crawford s, an house more than lour miles from\\nthe Notch, on an excursion to the summit of Mount Washing-\\nton. They arrived in the evening at a Camp which had been\\nconstructed at the foot of the steep ascent of the mountain,\\nwhere they passed the night. The next morning being cloudy\\nand rainy, they concluded to remain at the camp that day but\\nthe increasing rain having in the afternoon extinguished their\\nfire, they reluctantly decided to return. With the utmost dif-\\nficulty, and not without danger, did they effect their retreat,\\nby felling trees over the impetuous torrents, and arrived at\\nCrawford s in the evening. Had they remained on the moun-\\ntain another night, they must have perished as the Camp was\\nafterwards found to have been swept away, and avalanches to\\nhave passed on either side at the distance of only a few rods.\\nThe most affecting story, connected with this Hood, remains\\nto be told. Two miles from the Notch, on the road to Bart-\\nlett, at The Notch House lived the respectable and prosperous\\nfamily of Samuel Willey, consisting of himself, wife, live\\nchildren and two hired men. An avalanche in its descent from\\nthe mountain, came near the house, where it divided itself into\\ntwo portions, one of which crushed the barn and an adjoining\\nshed. Alarmed at the thundering noise, and apprehensive of\\nthe immediate destruction of their habitation, the family fled\\nfor safety but unhappily in the darkness of the night they fell\\ninto the track of the other portion of the avalanche, and were\\nall buried under masses of earth and rocks. Some of the\\nbodies were afterwards discovered, by the scent of dogs, at the\\ndistance of fifty rods from the house, mangled and disfigured.\\nThe house itself remained uninjured but a beautiful little\\nmeadow in front of it, was buried under immense quantities of\\nsand, gravel, rocks and trees, precipitated from the mountain.\\nHad the unfortunate inmates remaiued within, they had been\\nR*", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0201.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "198 HISTORY OP NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1827.\\nin safety amid surrounding devastation but an inscrutable\\nProvidence otherwise directed. It is not in man that walk-\\neth to direct his steps.\\nAt the Election of State officers in March, 1827, the Hon.\\nBenjamin Pierce of Hillsborough, who had been an officer in\\nthe Revolutionary war, and afterwards for many years a Rep-\\nresentative and Counsellor, was chosen Governor with litttle\\nopposition. A law, drawn up with great ability, and embody-\\ning a great variety of wise and excellent provisions, most of\\nwhich yet remain in force, was enacted at the June session of\\nthe Legislature, for the regulation of primary schools. This\\nlaw has contributed much to bring our schools to their present\\nstate of improvement and efficiency. The State contains more\\nthan 1700 school districts, and 1600 school houses, which are\\nthe resort of about sixty thousands of children and youth and\\nwith the addition of those who attend private, select, and aca-\\ndemical schools, it has been thought that tovo sevenths of the\\nwhole population are for some portion of the year in school.\\nMany of the best elementary and higher Class books now used\\nin American schools, are the productions of citizens of New-\\nHampshire.\\nA salutary excitement of the public mind at this period on\\nthe subject of Temperance, was followed by the formation of\\nState, County, and Town Temperance Societies, in rapid suc-\\ncession. No sooner did men begin seriously to reflect, than\\nmultitudes were convinced that the former custom of tolera-\\nting a free use of ardent spirits is a bad one that all the\\ninnumerable cases of intemperance originate from the use of\\na little iu the outset that the article is never necessary in\\nhealth that the common use of it is a prolific source of sick-\\nness, poverty, crime,, domestic wretchedness, mental debase-\\nment, and premature death and that christians and patriots\\nought to exhibit a reformed example. Not only men and\\nwomen, but great numbers of youths and even children, old\\nenough to understand the matter, engaged ardently in the\\ngreat reform. To the American Society for the promotion\\nof Temperance, is due the honor of engaging in the work, if\\nnot first, yet efficiently. An Address on Temperance delivered\\nby Jonathan Kittredge at Lyme, in the early stage of the ref-\\normation, passed through many editions, each containing some\\nthousands of copies, and exerted an important influence on a\\ngreat portion of the community.\\nAt this period, the old political parties were to some extent\\nblended together. A few of the Federalists, enlisting them-\\nselves with the friends of General Jackson, had gone over to", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0202.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "1829.] period x.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1805\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1833. J 90\\nthe Republicans while a larger portion of the latter amalga-\\nmated with the former in the support of Mr. Adams. The\\nparty friendly to the Adams administration prevailed, by a\\nemail majority, to elect in 1828 the lion John Bell of Chester,\\nin opposition to Governor Pierce* At the quadrennial election\\nof President near the close of the year, the parties put forth\\nthe moststrenuous exertions. New-Hampshire again gave her\\nelectoral votes to Mr. Adams: but his competitor, General\\nJackson, was chosen by a decisive majority an event, regar-\\nded by his supporters as a signal trimph, and followed, as a\\nconsequence naturally to be expected, by somewhat numerous\\nremovals of former office-holders. This success animated his\\nfriends to make such efforts at the next election of State offi-\\ncers, 1829,as accomplished a change in the State administration,\\ndisplacing Gov. Bell and replacing Gov. Pierce who in his\\nmessage to the Legislature, announced his intention of decli-\\nning another re-election.\\nThe College edifice at Hanover needing repairs, and the\\nexigences of the Institution demanding enlarged accommoda-\\ntions, President Lord obtained from its friends, in this and the\\nadjoining States, subscriptions to the amount of $30,000: an\\naid which enabled the Trustees not only to repair the old\\nedifice, but to add two new ones, named Wentworth and\\nThornton Halls. Taken as a whole, they give the spectator\\nan impression of neatness and convenience, creditable to the\\nInstitution. Some of the first men in the Executive and\\nLegislative Departments of our government have here recei-\\nved their classical education.\\nBy a majority of 4000 votes over Col. Upham, the election\\nof 1830 elevated to the Chair the Hon. Matthew Harvey of\\nIlopkinton, who administered the Executive Department of\\nthe government somewhat less that a year. To fill the vacan-\\ncy in the Senate of the United States, soon to be made by the\\nexpiration of Mr. Woodbury s term of office, the Legislature\\nelected the Hon. Isaac Hill of Concord. He had been previ-\\nously nominated by President Jackson to the office of Second\\nComptroller of the Treasury but the nomination having been\\nrejected by the Senate by a small majority, this election was\\nintended both as an approval of his political course, and as an\\nexpression of political and personal attachment towards the\\nPresident, on the part of the majority of the Legislature.\\nAfter the expiration of his term in the Senate, Mr. Woodbury\\nwas appointed Secretary of the Navy. Gov. Harvey having-\\nreceived the appointment of Judge of the United States*\\nCourt for the district of New-Hampshire, resigned the Chair", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0203.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "200 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1831.\\nin February the President of the Senate, Joseph M. Harper,\\nofficiating of course as Chief Magistrate during the remainder\\nof the political year.\\nThe census of the United States taken at this period, fur-\\nnished the gratifying return of a population of almost thirteen\\nmillions of whom more than 209,000 were contained in this\\nState. Had the actual increase, within the State, for the last\\nhalf century all remained at home, New-Hampshire would\\nnow exhibit a population literally overflowing: but great num-\\nbers of families and young men have emigrated to Maine,\\nMassachusetts, Vermont, Canada, New-York, Ohio, Illinois,\\nand other places still more remote in the far West. Where-\\nver they have gone, industry and enterprise have been promi-\\nnent traits in their character hence the well known saying,\\nGive a New-Hampshire boy a bridle, and he will soon find a\\nhorse.\\nGeneral Samuel Dinsmoor of Keene was chosen Governor\\nin 1831, by a majority of five thousand over his competitor,\\nthe Hon. Ichabod Bartlett of Portsmouth, the candidate of the\\nparty opposed to the administration of Jackson. Though a\\nslight anticipation of dates, yet, as preferable to a wearisome\\nrepetition, the fact may be here noticed that he was re-elected\\nthe two succeeding years the last of them with scarce the\\nshadow of opposition.\\nBy far the most extensive religions attention known in the\\nState occurred in 1831. Unusual numbers resorted to the\\nplaces of public instruction meetings of three or four days\\ncontinuance wereholden in most of the towns, in which chris-\\ntian ministers of different denominations united in the religious\\nservices with great harmony; and the salutary truths of the\\nBible were deeply impressed on a multitude ot minds. The\\naccessions to the churches were numerous: the moral aspects\\nof society were in many places essentially improved and a\\nnew impulse was given to the cause of christian benevolence.\\nFor some years, a few Societies of Unitarians had existed\\nin the State. The ministers and some of the members of\\nthese Societies, formed in 1832, The New-Hampshire Unita-\\nrian Association, to meet annually in Concord for the pro-\\nmotion of their distinctive religious views. At least twelve\\nSocieties of this denomination, furnished with ministers now\\nexist within the limits of the State.\\nGeneral Jackson, having been re-elected to the Presidency,\\nby a great majority of the electoral votes, including those of\\nthis State, visited for the first time the northern States, in the\\nsummer of 1833. Some gentlemen, deputed by the govern-", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0204.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "1833.] period x.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1805\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1833. 201\\nment of New-Hampshire, waited on him at Boston and invited\\nhim to visit Concord. He was met at the State line by the\\nthe Governor s aids, and at Bow by a Committee of the Leg-\\nislature, and escorted to the Capitol. The Governor, Council,\\nand both branches of the Legislature having convened in the\\nRepresentatives Chamber, the President was introduced,\\nand welcomed by Gov. Dinsmoor in an affectionate address, in\\nthe name of the government and people. Some thousands of\\ncitizens from the various sections of the State resorted to\\nConcord on this intersting occason.\\nFor a few of the last years, small steam boats had occasion-\\nally, but not without difficulty, ascended the Connecticut\\nriver to some distance within the limits of New-Hampshire.\\nNot till this period was steam navigation introduced into any\\nof our interior lakes. Winnepiseogee is one of the finest\\nlakes in New-England, encircled with lofty mountains, indent-\\ned with numerous promontories, and dotted with Islands,\\nsome of them highly cultivated. On the fourth of July the\\nsteamer Belknap, so named after the principal historian of the\\nState, made an excursion from Alton Bay to Wolfcborough\\nVillage, and back to Alton and on the next day, to Centre\\nHarbor. The novelty of a steamboat on these transparent\\nwaters the numerous company on board, with a fine band of\\nmus i c the surrounding scenery the throngs of spectators\\nthe anniversary of our national independence and the an-\\nticipation of future benefits to the vicinage\u00e2\u0080\u0094 all conspired to\\nimpart to the occasion a deep and pleasing interest.\\nNear the close of the year, in November, occurred a phe-\\nnomenon never before witnessed in this quarter. Soon after\\n12 o clock in the morning of the 13th, the meteors called fall-\\ning stars were observed to be unusually frequent. After 4 o\\nclock the heavens presented one of the most sublime and\\nextraordinary prospects that can be conceived imagination\\ncan hardly picture anything to surpass it. Small bodies of\\nsurprising brilliancy, apparently as numberless as the stars in\\nthe firmament, were seen flying in all directions through a\\nclear, unclouded sky, leaving long, luminous trains behind.\\nOften, one larger and more brilliant than the rest, would\\nshoot across the heavens, producing a light similar to a flash\\nof lightning. In whatever direction the eye was turned, the\\nscene could not be compared more aptly to any thing than a\\nshower of fire falling to the earth. Thousands of individu-\\nals, scattered over the vast portion of North America stretch-\\nin from Nova Scotia to Mexico, witnessed the sublime spec-\\ntacle. As the light of day advanced, the meteors began to", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0205.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "202 BISTORT OF NE\\\\f-HAMPSHIRE [1833.\\ndisappear but some were seen as long as the stars were\\nvisible.\\nIn many parts of New-Hampshire the state of society will\\nbear comparison with that of the most favored portions of\\nour land. Though there is within the State, as is remarked\\nby Belknap, a sort of wise men who pretend to reject the\\nchristian religion, without being able to substitute a better in\\nits place yet the great body of the people venerate the\\nchristian scriptures as a Divine Revelation, and a large num-\\nber are found among the supporters of religious institutions,\\nand the regular attendants on Divine worship. Between thir-\\nty and forty thousands are communicants in christian churches\\nof different denominations. In point of public education,\\nthe State ranks above most countries of the globe, and abovo\\nall her sister States, with the exception of Massachusetts and\\nConnecticut. A venerable and excellent clergyman now\\nliving, who has done more to promote the interests of educa-\\ntion than any other single citizen, has personally prepared for\\nadmission into the Colleges more that an hundred young men,\\namong whom he now sees Governors, Counsellors, Judges\\nand Legislators. Female education has attracted much atten-\\ntion, and within a few years several Seminaries have been\\nftstablishffl fvrlnsivfily for young ladies, under the superin-\\ntendence of Instructresses well accomplished for this depart-\\nment. The sons of New-Hampshire possess their full share\\nof influence in our public councils; their voice commands\\nrespect in the i( listening Senate/ and in the Cabinet Council\\nof the Nation.\\nA large number of distinguished citizens deceased during\\nthe period of twenty eight years included in this chapter.\\nThe plan of this work will allow little more than a list of\\ntheir names, while a detailed account of their characters\\nmust be left to Biography, as its proper province. Abiel\\nFoster of Canterbury, who died in 1806, was for some years\\nthe Minister of that town, and after the resignation of his\\npastoral charge was elected to a seat in Congress, which he\\nheld by re-elections the greater part of a period of twenty\\none years. The esteem and confidence of his cotemporaries\\nhe possessed in an uncommon degree. In the same year the\\nRev. Dr. Haven, Pastor of the south church in Portsmouth,\\nclosed a life of almost fourscore years and a Ministry of more\\nthan half a century. The Rev. Dr. Buckminster, Pastor of\\nthe north church in the same town, whose death happened a\\nfew years afterwards, held a high rank as an accomplished\\nscholar, an impressive preacher, and a devoted Minister of", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0206.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "1833.] period x.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1805.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1833 203\\nChrist. Samuel Hale was graduated at Harvard College in\\nthe class of 1740. After serving as a Major in the Louisburg\\nexpedition, he engaged as the Principal of the Latin Grammar\\nSchool in Portsmouth, and labored in that useful vocation\\nalmost forty years, with distinguished ability, zeal, and effect.\\nIn his school, at that day famed throughout the land, instruc-\\ntion was given to some thousands of pupils, and many young\\nmen were qualified for important stations. Major Hale, than\\nwhom few men have done more to form the minds of youth,\\nlived to a great age, and died in 1807, leaving a character\\nrespectable for piety and usefulness. The Hon. Nicholas\\nGilman of Exeter, a brother of Gov. Gilman, and one of tho\\nSenators of this State in Congress, died at Philadelphia in\\n1814. Exeter lost another of its eminent citizens the next\\nyear, by the death of Doctor Samuel Tenney, who was highly\\nrespectable for his medical and scientific attainments, and waa\\nfor some years a Representative in Congress. In the course\\nof the same year died the Hon. Simeon Olcott of Charlestown,\\nwho had been Chief Justice of the State, and one of its Sena-\\ntors in the National Legislature and two years afterwards,\\nBenjamin West of the same town, a Lawyer of extensive\\npractice and high distinction. The Rev. Dr. Morrison, a native\\nof Scotland, emigrated to America in early life and after\\nacquiring a classical and Theological education, became the\\nPastor of the Presbyterian Church in Londonderry. His\\namiable manners, ready talents, and pastoral diligence, gave\\nhim an extensive and merited influence, which he retained\\ntill his death, in 1818. Early in 1820 died the Rev. Dr. Payson\\nof Rindge, well known as an exemplary and excellent minister\\nof the gospel, and as the eminent Father of a still more emir\\nnent son, the late Rev. Edward Payson of Portland. The same\\nyear closed the comparatively shoVt. life of the Rev. Francis\\nBrown, who was called from his ministry in North-Yarmouth,\\nMaine, to the Presidency^of Dartmouth College, and conducted\\nits concerns with great wisdom and prudence during the diffi-\\ncult period of its contest with the Legislature. Calmness,\\ndecision, and piety strongly marked his character. Doctor\\nAmmi Ruhamah Cutter was a physician of Portsmouth, in\\nhigh esteem and extensive practice for a period of more than\\nsixty years. Though he was in habits of intimacy with the\\nthe royal officers before the revolution, and had been offered\\nthe appointment of Counsellor, yet his views of duty led him\\nto oppose the acts of the British Ministry. He took charge of\\nthe medical department of the Northern army, and was after-\\nwards a member of the Convention which formed the Con-", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0207.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "204 HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. [1833.\\nstitution of the State. The confidence reposed in him by the\\ncommunity was great. Dr. Cutter was a christian the last\\nact of his life was a prayer uttered the moment previous to\\nhis dissolution, which occurred in the year last named. Hon.\\nThomas W. Thompson of Concord, a man of talent and worth,\\ndied in 1821, having been Speaker of the House of Represen-\\ntatives of this State, and a Senator in Congress. Some time\\nbefore his death, his health being impaired, he was passing\\nover Lake Champlain in a steam boat, which took fire in the\\nnight and was consumed he with others narrowly escaped in\\nan open boat, in an inclement season and the terrors and\\nexposures of that night were thought to have hastened his\\nexit. Gen. Michael M Clary, whose death took place in 1824,\\nwas of Epsom. For a long time he was a Representative or\\nSenator in the Legislature and afterwards Marshal of the\\nDistrict of New-Hampshire, and Adjutant General for the\\nState. Often was he solicited to give his consent to be put in\\nnomination as a candidate for Governor but he always de-\\nclined. Probably no man in the State possessed a more\\nextensive personal influence, and it was said of him that al-\\nthough he was the associate of the first in society, no honest\\npoor man was too mean to be by him considered as an equal.\\nEzekiel Webster was a brother of the distinguished Daniel\\nWebster, and an eminent lawyer of Boscawen. As described\\nby an eye witness, the circumstances of his death, which oc-\\ncurred in 1829, were deeply affecting He began an argument\\nbefore the Court of Common Pleas in Concord. I sat directly\\nbefore him. His voice was clear, full, strong. His plea con-\\nnected, convincing, powerful. His health apparently good,\\nand his whole appearance that of a man in the possession and\\nexercise of the noblest powers. He had spoken about twenty\\nminutes when he fell backwards and expired, without a\\nstruggle or groan. The impression of this instant death was\\nawful. Every face was pale every heart trembled The\\nimmortal spirit was gone and the realities of the invisible\\nworld seemed in full prospect.", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0208.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\nChristian names of persons are in most cases supplied where they arc\\nomitted in the text. Several names erroneously spelt in the body of the\\n#ork have been corrected in the Index.\\nQCj-This Index has been made to embrace nearly all the names and the\\nmost important subjects in the volume, and will be found very useful to in-\\nstructors in suggesting questions for their pupils.\\nAbercrombie, gen. in the French\\nWar, supersedes the earl of Lou-\\ndon, 103. attacks the French\\nlines, 103.\\nAbercrombie, minister of Peiham,\\nMs. 94.\\nAcademy, founded at Exeter, by\\nJohn Phillips, 145.\\nAccusations against gov. Belcher,\\n82. against gov. John Went-\\nworth, 118. which prove false,\\n83, 118.\\nAcworth, settled in part from Lon-\\ndonderry, 67.\\nAdams, Ebenezer, professor of Dart-\\nmouth college, removed by new\\ntrustees, 186.\\nAdams, John, president of the U. S.\\n167, 168, 169, 170.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 death of,\\n195.\\nAdams, John Quincy, 191, is elec-\\nted president of the U. S. 195.\\nAdams, Winborn, licut. col, slain\\nat Stillwater, 138.\\nAdultery, a capital crime, 16.\\nAgiocochook, Indian name of the\\nWhite Mountains, 11.\\nAir. la Chapelle, treaty of peace\\nat, 93.\\nAlarm, in N. Eng. by the Northern\\nLights, 68.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 bv the French fleet,\\n91.\\nAlien ty Sedition laws, 169,\\nAllen, Thomas, renews the suit\\nagainst Waldron, 56.\\nAllen, Samuel, appointed gov. 47\\ncomes to N. H. 55. brings a suit\\nagainst Col. Waldron, 55. 83.\\nheirs of, revive their claim,$*c,157.\\nAlstead, planted by people from\\nConn. 109.\\nAmerican Board of Commissioners\\nfor foreign missions, 179.\\nAmerican Sunday School Union,\\n194.\\nAmherst, granted by Me. 74. set-\\ntled, 75. general court sets at, 76.\\nAmoskeag, Mohawks appear at, 30.\\nAndros, Edmund, 36. appointed\\ngovernor of N.E. 40,41. goes to\\nthe eastward, 41, 42. is seized\\nimprisoned and sent to England,42.\\nAnnapolis, 91.\\nAnne, queen, succeeds William\\nIII. 56.\\nAntrim, dysentery prevails at, 170.\\nArmy, American, distress of, 144.\\nArticles of Confederation, ratified\\nby the States, 139.\\nAssembly dissolved by Cranfield, 37.\\nAthenceum at Portsmouth, ncorpo-\\nrated, 190.\\nAtherton, Joshua, opposes the adop-\\ntion of the Federal Constitution,\\n158.\\nAtkinson, Theodore, counsellor, 73.\\nAtkinson, Theodore, commissioner\\nto Canada, 73. counsellor, 7S.\\nappointed secretary, 85. one of\\nthe Masonian proprietors, 89.\\nchief justice of C. C. P. 114. is\\nnamed, 77, 91, 98, 112, 126, 127.\\nAtkinson, George (originally Geo.\\nKing) president of the convention\\nof 1781, 146, 152.\\nAurora Borealis first seen in New-\\nEngland, 68.\\nAvalanche, a remarkable one, at the\\nNotch of the White Mountains, 167", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0209.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "106\\nINDEX.\\nBadger, Joseph, member of the con-\\nvention of 1781,146. member of\\nthe convention for deciding on the\\nfederal constitution, 158.\\nBaker, captain leads a party against\\nthe Indians, 70.\\nBaker s river, 70.\\nBaldwin, captain, killed at Bunker\\nHill, 128.\\nBalston, ,194.\\nBaltimore, attacked by the Brit-\\nish, 182.\\nBaptists, persecuted, 19, 20. first\\nchurch of, in N. H. 101.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 number\\nof churches and communicants of,\\n101. Freewill, take their rise in\\n1680, 144. number of communi-\\ncants of, 144.\\nBarber, Daniel, Roman Catholic\\npreacher, 193.\\nBarefoot, Walter, deputy collector\\ng5. counsellor, 36. judge under\\nCranfield, 37. officiates as gov,\\n40.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 41.\\nBarnstead, granted, 74.\\nBarrington, settled, 67.\\nBartlett,lch., candidate for gov. ,200\\nBartlett, Joeiah, 151.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 158. chos\\nen pres. of N. H. Medical Soc,\\n163.-dealh of, 165.\\nBartlett, Richard, 197.\\nBachelor, Stephen, first minister of\\nHampton, 14.\\nBath, effects of the flood at, 196\\nBaum, col. defeated by Stark and\\nmortally wounded, 136, 137.\\nBedel, Timothy, 133.\\nBedford, granted by Ms., 24\\nBeers, captain defeated by the In-\\ndians, 28.\\nBelcher, Jonathan, gov. of N. H.\\nand Ms., 76.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 77\u00e2\u0080\u0094 78.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 80.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 rep-\\nrimanded by the king, 82. re-\\nmoval from office, 83. repairs to\\nEngland and vindicates his char-\\nacter, 83. appointed gov. of N.J.\\n83.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 character of, 83.\\nBelknap, Jeremy, history of N. H.\\npublished by, 154.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 notice of, 154.\\nBelknap, Steamboat, makes her first\\nexcursion, 201.\\nBell, John, elected gov. of N. H.,\\n199. is succeeded by Benjamin\\nPierce, 199.\\nBell, Samuel, Speaker of theHonss\\nof Reps., 173.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 elected gov., 190.\\nchosen Senator in Congress, 193.--\\nretires from the office of gov., 193.\\nBellingham, Richard, gov. of Ms.,\\n33.\\nBellomont, earl of, gov. of N. Y.\\nMs. and N. H., 54.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 visits N.H.,\\n55. death of, 55.\\nBellows, Benjamin, 100, 151, 158.\\nBellows Falls, bridge erected at,\\n154.\\nBennington, battle of, 136,\\nBerivick, people shiin at, 27.\\nBible Soc, American, formed, 187.\\nBills of credit, emitted, 126. con-\\ntinental, greatly depreciate, 139,\\nBlanchard, Jonathan, 151.\\nBlanchard, Joseph, commander of a\\nregiment, 99.\\nBlasphemy, a capital crime, 16.\\nBlind Will, perishes on a neck of\\nland, which bears his name, 30.\\nBlodget, Samuel, 161.\\nBlood, Frances, member of the con-\\nvention of 1781,146.\\nBloody Point, dispute at, 11.\\nBonaparte, First Consul in France,\\n169.\\nBoscawen, granted by Ma., 74. 89.\\nBoston, Ms., settled, 15. massacre\\nat, 117. invested, 125. evacua-\\nted by the British, 133.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 166.-183.\\nBoston Presbytery formed, 94.\\nBoundary line between N. H. and\\nMs., attempts to settle, 68, 81.\\nsettled by the king and council,\\n81.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 82.\\nBoundary line between Vt. and\\nN. Y., dispute about, 94. be-\\ntween N. H. and Vt., dispute a-\\nbout, 141, 142, 143, 148, 149.\\nBoio, granted, 74.\\nBoioen, Peter, kills Indians at Bos-\\noawen, 97, 98.\\nBoylslon, Zabdiel, first practices in-\\noculation, 68.\\nBrackett, Adino N., measurement\\nof the White Mountains by, 163.\\nBrackett, Joshua, pres. of the N H.\\nMedical Society, 174.\\nBradford, capt. 137.\\nBradley, Benjamin, account of, 106.\\nBradley, Jonathan and Sam l killed\\nat Concord, 91.", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0210.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n107\\nBradslreet, cob, takes fort Frontc\\nnar, 104.\\nBradslreet, Simon, gov. of Ms, 33.\\ndeath of, 33. sons of, flee on\\naccount of witchcraft, 49.\\nBrattle, William, minister of Cam-\\nbridge, 65.\\nBreyman, col., command* the Hes-\\nsians, 137.\\nBridgemaii s Fort, burnt, 92. peo-\\nple killed near, 100.\\nBridgewzter, battle of, 182.\\nBrock, John preacher, at Isle of\\nShoals, 131.\\nBrocklebank, Sautuel, killed by\\nthe Indiana, 28,\\nBrown, Francis, pros, of Dart,\\ncollege, 116.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 185\u00e2\u0080\u0094 death of, 203,\\nBrown, gen. defeats the British at\\nSackett a Harbor, 182.\\nBrowne, Arthur, minister of Queen s\\nchapel, Portsmouth, 79. death\\nof, 123.\\nBrunswick, Me., destroyed, 69\\nBuckminster, Joseph, minister of\\nPortsmouth, death of, 202.\\nBull, Dixey, a noted pirate, 11.\\nBunker Hill, battle of, account of,\\n127, 12S.\\nBurgoyne, gen., approaches Ticon-\\nderoga, 126. detaches col. Bauin\\nagainst Stark, 136. surrender\\nof, 138.\\nBurnet, William, gov ofN. II. and\\nMs., arrived in Boston, 75. death\\nof, 76.\\nBurton, 157.\\nBuss, John, house of, burnt by the\\nIndians, 50.\\nCarr, Sir Robert, 23, instance of\\nseverity of, 24.\\nCarrigain,Phil\\\\p, sec. of slate, 173.\\nmap of. N. H. published by,\\n184. appointed to make surveys.\\n196.\\nCarteret, George, 23.\\nCastine, Barron de St., house of,\\nplundered by Andros, 42. notic*\\nof, 42. story of one supposed to\\nbe of his family, 71.\\nCastine, taken possession of by the\\nBritish, 183.\\nCentennial celebration, at Ports*-\\nmouth, account of, 193.\\nChadbourne, Humphrey, 10. -builds\\nthe great house, 11\\nChamberlain, John, said to have\\nkilled Paugus, 73.\\nChamberlain, Richard, counsellor,\\n36.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 sec, 48.\\nChampernoon, Francis, 31.\\nChamp lain, L:\\\\ke, victory of McDoa\u00c2\u00bb\\nough upon, 182.\\nCharles, I., king of England, names\\nN.E., 7.\\nCharles IF., character of, 22, death\\nof, 40.\\nCharlestown, 89. garrison with-\\ndrawn, 91.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 attacked by French\\nand Indians, 92. applies for a\\nguard of soldiers, 99, is visited\\nby the Indians, 98, 100.\\nCharlestown, Ms. settled in 1629,\\n15.\\nCheshire county formed, IIS.\\nChesley, capt., death of, 60.\\nChester, settled, 67.\\nChichester granted, 74.\\nChickatawbut, chief sachem of the\\nCalfe, John, sec. of the convention Ms. tribe, 24.\\nfor deciding on the federal consti- [Chippewa, battle of, 182.\\ntution, 15S. sec. of the conven Chittenden, Thomas, governor of\\ntion to revise the constitution, 163.\\nConarfa,expeditioQ against, in 1690,\\n46. expedition against, in 1711,\\n61. plan for the reduction of, S9.\\nconquest of, 106. invaded by\\nthe Americans, 134, but is soon\\nevacuated, 134.\\nCanterbury, granted, 74.\\nCarey, Matthew, 194.\\nCarr, James, of Pembroke, killed\\nby the enemy, 92. instance of at-\\ntachment in his dog, 92.\\nVt., 142.\\nChristians, denomination of, makes\\nits appearance, 170.\\nChurch, Bcnj., surprises Philip\\nwho is killed, 29. col. of an ex-\\npedition, 58.\\nCilley, Joseph, 135. a distinguish-\\ned oihcer under Poor, in the rev-\\nolutionary war, 1 40.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 151.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 makes\\na charge upon the insurgents at\\nExeter, 156.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 death of ,173.", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0211.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "20S\\nINDEX.\\nClaggelt, Wyseman, 113. member\\nof the conventioa of, 1731, 146.\\n151.\\nClaremont, planted by people from\\nConn., 109. Roman Catholic\\nchurch established at, 193.\\nClay, Henry, can. for pres., 195.\\nClement, Job, counsellor, 34\\nClinton, Dewit, supported in N. II.\\nfor president, 181. 196,\\nCoffin, Peter, is spared by the Indi-\\nans, 44. son of, surrenders his gar-\\nrison, to save tho life of his fath-\\ner, 44.\\nColbum, Andrew, lieut. col. slain,\\n138.\\nCold, effect of in May, 165S, 22.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\n1816, 183.\\nCombination of towns formed, 14.\\nCommissioiiers from Charles II., 23\\nvisit Portsmouth, 23.\\nCommissioners to settle line, meet,\\n68, 81.\\nCommittee of safety, 121, 126, 132,\\n136.\\nConcord, formerly Penacook, white\\nroan killed at, by thelndians,24\\ngranted and settled, 74. persons\\nkilled at, by the Indians,90, 92\\nconvention for forming constitution\\nmet at, in 1781, 146. made the seat\\nof government, 177.\\nConcord, Ms., destruction of prop\\nerty at, by the British, 125.\\nConferences with the Indians, 58\\n62, 65.\\nCongress, continental, met at Phila\\ndelphia, 121. \u00e2\u0080\u0094proceedings of, 121\\nCongress of Commissioners,meetat\\nAlbany, 98.\\nConnecticut river, west bunk of,\\nfixed as the boundary between\\nN. II. and Vt. s 149.\\nConnecticut River Company, 196.\\nConner, col. slain, 138.\\nConstitution, to continue during the\\nwar, goes into operation, lo2. a\\nnew one drawn up, and rejected in\\n1779, 143. present one goes into\\neffect, 152.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 is revised in 1792,\\n163, 164.\\nConstitution of the U.S. formed,\\n157. is adopted by N. II 159.\\nConvention for forming a constitu-\\ntion, meet at Concord, 145. pro-\\nceedings of, 147.\\nConvention at Exeter, 120, 126.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\naddress of, extract from, 127.\\n131. prepares a plan of govern-\\nment, 132.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 meet m 1799, 143.\\nConvention for deciding upon the\\nfederal constitution, 158.\\nConvention for revising the consti-\\ntution, 164.\\nConvention of ministers, formed c.\\n94.\\nConioay, 157.\\nCoos county, incorporated, 118.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\n127.\\nCornwallis, surrender of, 148.\\nCotton Factories, erected at differ-\\nent places, 172.\\nCotton, John minister of Hampton,\\ndeath of, 62.\\nCotton, Seaborn, minister of Hamp-\\nton, retires to Boston, 39. 62.\\nCouncil of Plymouth, 7.\\nCounsellors under pres. Cutts,32,34.\\nCount Rumford, establishes himself\\nat Concord, sketch of, 119.\\nCounties, N. H. divided into, 118.\\nCourt of Associates, 16.\\nCranfield, Edward, appointed lieut.\\ngov. and com. -in-chief of the prov-\\nince, 36. character of, 36. re-\\nmodels the courts, 37. arbitrary\\nconduct of, 38.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 41.\\nCrawford, 197.\\nCrawford, William II., candidate\\nfor pres., 195.\\nCrescent, a frigate built at Ports-\\nmouth, 167.\\nCrown Point,expedition against, 99.\\nCrystal Hills, 11.\\nCuller, Mannasseh, ascends the\\nWhite [Mountains, 153.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 estimates\\ntheir altitude, 153.\\nCutter, Avami R., member of the\\nconvention of 1781, 146. death\\nof and sketch of, 203.\\nCults, John, pres. of N. H., 32.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\ndeath of, 36.\\nCuffs, Ursula, killed by the Indians,\\n50.\\nD\\nDalton, Sam l, counsellor, 34.\\nDaniel, Thomas, counsellor, 32.\\nDartmouth College founded at Han-\\nover, 115.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 account of, 116,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 med-", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0212.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n209\\nical department attached to,167.\\namendment of the charter of, by\\nthe Legislature, 186, which is re-\\nsisted by the trustees, 186, and is\\ndeclared by the S. C. of die U. S.,\\nto be unconstitutional and void,\\n187. presidents of, 116.\\nDartmouth, earl of, a benefactor of\\nDart. Col., 116.\\nDana Daniel, pres. of Dart, col., 116\\nDark day of 17S0, described, 14-1.\\nD Anvillc, duke of, commits sui-\\ncide, 91.\\nDearborn, Henry, an officer under\\ngen. Poor, 140. commander of\\nthe U. S. forces in the last war,\\nISO. captures York, 182.\\nDeerfield, Ms., destroyed by the In-\\ndians, 58.\\nDetroit surrendered to the British,\\n180. is recovered, 182.\\nDiskaa, baron, mortally wounded,\\n182.\\nDinsmoor, Sam l, candidate for gov.\\nis defeated by Woodbury, 193.\\nis chosen gov. in 1831, 200.\\nDorchester settled, 6?.\\nDorchester heights, in Ms., fortifi\\ncation on, 133.\\nDover, settled by Edward and Wm.\\nHilton, 8 grant of, 10. send\\ntwo reps, to the Court at Boston,\\n20. is attacked by the Indians, 43\\nDebeline, a French commander, 92\\nDudley, John, 151. death and\\ncharacter of, 175.\\nDudley, Joseph, apnointed pre3. of\\nN. E., 40.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 gov. of Ms. and N H.\\n57. retires to private life at Rox\\nbury, 64.\\nDudley, Samuel, minister of Exe-\\nter, 20.\\nDudley, Thomas, gov. of Ms., 33.\\nDummer, Shuhnel, minister of York\\nkilled by Indians, 47.\\nDunbar, David appointed lieut. gov.\\n78. retires to Me., 80. returns\\nto Eng. and -is imprisoned, c,\\n80 appointed gov. of St. Helena,\\n80, 81 resigns the office of sur-\\nveyor general, 84.\\nDunstable,seuled, 25. Weld s gar-\\nrison in, attacked by die Indians,\\n69.\\nDu Quesnel, gov. of Louisborg, 86.\\nDurham, persons slain in, by the In-\\ndians, 27.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 man killed at, 28.\\npeople slain at, 45. attacked by\\nthe Indians, 50. bridge extend-\\ning to, 166.\\nDuston, Mrs. Hannah, story of, 51.\\nD wight, travels of cited, 10,96,161.\\ndeath and notice of, 139.\\nDysentery, prevails, 170.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Si\\nEames, capt., fort intrusted to his\\ncommand, 126.\\nEarthquakes, remarkable in 1638,\\n13.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 in 1727, 75.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 in 1755, and\\nan account of, 101. in 1761,\\n107.\\nEclipse of the sun, total, 176.\\nEliot, John, the apostle of the Indi-\\nans, 19.\\nEmbargo act passed, 177, repealed,\\n177.\\nEmbury, Philip, a distinguished\\nMethodist, 144.\\nEmerr.on, Daniel, minister of Hol-\\nlis, death of, 174.\\nEmerson, John,Berwick,escapes the\\nmassacre at Dover, 44.\\nEmerson, John, minister of Ports-\\nmouth, death of, 84.\\nEmigration, to N. E. before 1640,\\nnotice of, 15.\\nEndecott, John, gov. of Ms., 21, 33.\\nEndecott Rock, notice of, 21.\\nEnglish, Joe, a friendly Indian,\\nkilled, 59.\\nEnglish, Philip and wife, notice of,\\n53.\\nEpsom, granted, 74.\\nEvans, John, wounded by the Indi-\\nans, 74.\\nExeter, Indians at, 8. settled by\\nMr. Wheelwright, 14. Acade-\\nmy founded at, 145. insurgents\\nmeet at, 156. general court holds\\nits sessions at, 176.\\nT\\nFamily government, 85.\\nFarmer, John, edition of Belknap\\nprepared by, 154.\\nFarrar, Timothy, member of the\\nconvention of 1781, 145. one of\\nthe committee to prepare the con-\\nstitution, 147.\\nFarwell, lieut., in Lovewell s com-\\npany, perishes, 73.", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0213.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "210\\nINDEX.\\nFederalists and Republicans, two\\nparties formed, 165.\\nFitch, Jabez,minister of Portsmouth,\\ndeath and nutice of, 107. 131.\\nFitzwilliam, 137.\\nFletcher, John, surveyor, 157.\\nFlood, great in N. II., 196, 197.\\nFloyd, capt., attacks the Indians, 46.\\nFolsom, Nathaniel, commands a de-\\ntachment, 99. representative to\\ncongress, 120. 151. pres. pro\\ntem. of the convention of 1783,\\n152.\\nForbes, gen., gained fort Du Quesne,\\n103.\\nFort Dummer, built, 71.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 3S.\\nFort Du Quesne, expedition against,\\nmiscarries, 99, taken by gen.\\nForbes, 103.\\nFort Edward, 99.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 103.\\nFort Front enac, taken, 104.\\nFort Hinsdale, men killed at, 93.\\nFort Niagara, expedition against,\\nmiscarries, 99.\\nFort on Great Island, 24.\\nFort William Henry, surrenders to\\nthe French, 102.-massacre at, 103\\nFoster, Abiel, chosen representa-\\ntive in congress, 160. death of.\\n202.\\nFowle, Daniel, establishes the first\\nprinting press at Portsmouth, 10\\nFrance, hostile conduct of, 168.\\ntreaty concluded with, 169.\\nFranklin, Benjamin, remark of.\\n123 opinion of the Age of Iteas\\non, 170,171,\\nFrench fleet, against N. E. destroy-\\ned, 91. against the British, ar-\\nrives, 140.\\nFrenchtown, massacre at, 1S2.\\nFreewill Baptists, (see Baptists.)\\nFriend of Peace, a periodical in\\nMs., 1S7.\\nFrontiers of N. H., 745, describ-\\ned, 88.\\nFrost, George, 151.\\nFrost, great, in 1794, effects of,\\n165.\\nFrye, Jonathan, chaplain of Love\\nwell s company, perishes, 73.\\nFryeburg Me., the scene of Love\\nwell s fight, 72.\\nFryer, Nathaniel, 31.\\nFurs, trade in, 8.\\na\\nGage, gen. Thomas, 121.\\nGates, Horatio, army of, increased\\nby volunteers, 138.\\nGeneral Court of Ms. meet in sep-\\narate apartments, 17.\\nGeorge I., death of, 73.\\nGeorge II., succeeds Geo. I. 75.\\nGerrish, Sarah, story of, 44, 45.\\nGibbons, and Pepperell, anecdote\\nof, 131.\\nGibbons, Ambrose, 10. 12. assis-\\ntant magistrate, 14. magistrate\\nnt Portsmouth, 16.\\nGibson, Richard, episcopal minister,\\nat Portsmouth, 14.\\nGilman, John, counsellor, 33. sus-\\npended, 37.\\nGilman, John Taylor, reads the dec-\\nlaration of independence, 134.-\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\n151. member of the convention\\nfor deciding on the federal consti-\\ntution, 158. chosen gov. 165.\\nis succeeded by John Langdon,\\n172. candidate for gov., 178.\\nagain elected gov., 181. 183.\\ntakes his final leave of public life,\\n185.\\nGilman, Nicholas, 151. treasurer\\nof the State, 173.\\nGilman, Nicholas, delegate to the\\nconvention for forming the federal\\nconstitution, 157. chosen rep. to\\ncongress, 160.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 death of, 203.\\nGilman, Peter, commands a second\\nregiment from N. II., 99.\\nGilmanton, grained, 74.\\nGoddard, Edward, member of the\\nconvention of 1781, and one of the\\ncommittee for framing die consti-\\ntution, 147.\\nGodfrey, Edward, 10, 11.\\nGoffe, John, commands troops to\\nfort William Henry, 102. regi-\\nment commanded by, 106. cuts a\\nnew road from 0harles.town to\\nCrown Point, 106.\\nGordon, William, attorney general,\\ndeath of, 174.\\nGorges, Sir Ferdinando, 7.\\nGrafton county formed, 118.\\nGreat Island, battery on, seized, 127.\\nGreen Mountain Boys, 111.\\nGregg, William, col. in Bennington\\nbattle, 137.", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0214.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n211\\nH\\nHale, col., commands a regiment to\\nTiconderoga, 135 taken prisoner\\nby Burgoyne, 136.\\nHale, col., of Rindge, imprisoned,\\n148 builds bridge at Bellows\\nFalls, 154.\\nSale, Samuel, a noted instructor,\\ndeath of, 203.\\nHale, William, candidate for gov.,\\n190.\\nHampton settled, 14.\\nHancock, dysentery at, 170.\\nHanover, planted by people from\\nConn., 109 college founded at,\\n115 cannon at Bunker Hill, heard\\nat, 129.\\nHarman, capt., 70. 71.\\nHarper, Joseph M. pres. of the\\nsenate, officiates as gov., 200\\nHarrison, gen., defeats the British\\nat Detroit, 182.\\nHartford, Conn., settled in 1635\\n15.\\nHartford Convention, 183.\\nHarvard college, contributions ii\\nN. H. to erect a new edifice for\\n25-Mr.Moodey elected pres. of,52\\nHarvey, Matthew, chosen gov. 199.\\nis appointed judge, and resi\\nthe office of gov., 199.\\nHaven, Nathaniel A., delivers an\\noration at Portsmouth, 193.\\nHaven, Samuel, minister of Ports\\nmouth, death of, 202.\\nHaverhill, 97 cannon at Bunker\\nHill, heard at, 129.\\nHaviland, col., 106.\\nHazzen, Richard, 82.\\nHeard, Elizabeth, story of, 44.\\nHebron, 157.\\nHendricks, an Indian chief, 99.\\nHill, Isaac, chosen senator to Con-\\ngress, 199.\\nHillsboi^ough, granted by Ms., 74\\ndeserted, 90.\\nHillsborough county formed, 118.\\n^Hilton, Edward, settles at Dover\\nNeck, 8 appointed magistrate for\\nDover, 16* death of, 25.\\nHilton, William, settles at Dover\\nNeck, 8.\\nHilton, Winthrop, expedition led\\nby, 58 several expeditions led by,\\n58, 59, 60, 61\u00e2\u0080\u0094 death of, 61\\nHinckes, John, counsellor, 40 sus-\\npended by Usher, 51\u00e2\u0080\u0094 is chief mag-\\nistrate, 52 issues proclamation,\\n52\u00e2\u0080\u0094 chief justice of N. H., 55.\\nHinsdale, settled, 39-89\u00e2\u0080\u0094 92\u00e2\u0080\u0094 men\\nkilled at, 93\u00e2\u0080\u0094 attacked, 100.\\nHobbs, capt. 93.\\nHodgkins, sachem of Penacook, 43.\\nHolder ness, 157.\\nHolland, Samuel, prepares map of\\nN. H., 119.\\nHo His, settled, 75.\\nHoophood, an Indian chief, attack*)\\nNewington, 46.\\nHopkinton, granted by Ms., 74\\neight persons captured at, 90\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ef-\\nforts made to make seat of govern-\\nment, 176.\\nHorton, a British officer, conducts\\na body of Canadian Indians into\\nN. II. 144.\\nHouse, col., 145.\\nHowe, Jemima, taken captive, 10O\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nsketch of, 101.\\nHowe, lord, slain, 103.\\nHubbard, Henry, speaker of the\\nHouse of Reps., 195.\\nHull, gen., surrender of, at Detroit,\\nISO.\\nHuske, Ellis, counsellor, 114.\\nHussey, Christopher, counsellor, 33.\\nIdolatry, a capital crime, 16.\\nImmigrants, classes of, in N. H.,\\n7 from Conn., plant a number\\nof towns, 109.\\nIndependence of the US. declared,\\n134 declaration of, read at Exe-\\nter by John T. Gilman, 134\u00e2\u0080\u0094 is\\npublished in the several counties\\nwith the beat of drum, 135.\\nIndians, names of tribes inN.H.,8\\nefforts to civilize, 18\u00e2\u0080\u0094 was with, 31,\\n13\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ,25-29,41, 57,72-peace with,\\n31, 74, 93\u00e2\u0080\u0094 complaints of, against\\nthe English, 42\u00e2\u0080\u0094 attack Dover, 43\\nmake an attack on Rye, 47\\na tack Durham, 50\u00e2\u0080\u0094 conferences\\nwith, 58, 62, 65\u00e2\u0080\u0094 are attacked by\\ncapt. Baker, 70\u00e2\u0080\u0094 by capt. Love-\\nwell, 72--attack the fort at Charles-\\ntowii, 92\u00e2\u0080\u0094 character of, 93 buca\\nBridgeman s Fort, 92\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a party of,\\nattack Shelburne, 147.\\nInsurrection at Exeter, 156.", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0215.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "212\\nINDEX.\\nInvasion of N. E. by the French\\nintended, 91.\\nIsles of Shoals, 130.\\nJ\\nJackson, Andrew, commands at\\nKittrcdge, Jonathan, Temperance\\naddress of, 198.\\nKnowles, Sir Charles, presents a\\nsword to capt. Stevens, 92.\\nNew Orleans, 184\u00e2\u0080\u0094 candidate for Laconia Company, 7, 152\\npres. in 1824, 195 u elected in\\n1828, 199\u00e2\u0080\u0094 visits N, E., 200\u00e2\u0080\u0094 re-\\nception of in N. H., 201.\\nJackson, Clement, death and char-\\nacter of, 173.\\nJackson, Hall, death of, 173.\\nLadd, Daniel, company under, ar-\\nrives at Concord, 91.\\nLafayette visits the U. S., 191\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\naccount of his reception at Con-\\ncord, 191.\\nLake Erie, battle on, 182.\\nJaffrey, George, one cf the Masoni- Lake IVinnepiseogee, 27, 45, 72,\\nan proprietors, 89\u00e2\u0080\u0094 pres. of the 91, 114, 201.\\ncouncil, 114 death of, 108. Langdon, John, with Sullivan,seizea\\nthe fort, 122 chosen delegate to\\nCongress, 122 speaker of the\\nhouse of reps., 136 president of\\nconvention of delegates, 143-151\\nchosen president of N. H., 155\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\ndelegate to the convention for\\nforming the federal Constitution,\\n157 delegate to the convention\\nfor deciding on its adoption, 158\\nagain chosen president of N.H.,\\n160 elected senator in Congress,\\n160 opposes the ratification of\\nJay s treaty, 166 candidate for\\ngovernor, 169 elected governor,\\n172 is succeeded by gov. Smith,\\n178 again elected governor, 178\\nretires to private life, 178.\\nexploits of, Langdon, Samuel, 87\u00e2\u0080\u0094 death of,\\n173.\\nJames II., 40, 42.\\nJa fs treaty, encounters much oppo-\\nsition, 166\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ratified by Washing-\\nton, 167.\\nJefferson, Thomas, candidate for\\nthe presidency in 1796, 167 is\\nelected by the House of Reps, in\\n1801, 170\u00e2\u0080\u0094 declines a third elec-i\\ntion, 177 succeeded by James\\nMadison, 177\u00e2\u0080\u0094 195-death of, 195.\\nJohnson, James, and family taken\\nprisoners, 9S.\\nJohnson, gen., with gen. Lyman,\\nleads an expedition against Crown\\nPoint, 99.\\nJones, Esther, anecdote of, 62.\\nJones, John Paul, sails from Ports-\\nmouth, 140 darin\\n140.\\nJones, Abner, founder of the sect of Langdon, Woodbury, a patriot of\\nChristians, 169\\nJudiciary, act of 1813, repealed,\\n185.\\n22\\nKeene, granted by Ms., 74 settled,\\n75 persons killed at, by the Indi-\\nans, 89 court at, disturbed, 149.\\nKennebeck river, 7.\\nKidd capt., and other pirates, taken,\\nsent to England and executed, 55.\\nKilburn, John, successfully defends\\nhis garrison, 100.\\nKimball Union Academy, notice of,\\n181.\\nKimball, Daniel, founder of the\\nacademy incorp. by his name, 181.\\nKing, Rufus, candidate for pres.,\\n189.\\nKingston settled, 49.\\nKittery, early settlers at, 8.\\nthe revolution, 151.\\nLebanon, planted by people from\\nConn., 109.\\nLee, Jesse, introduces Methodism\\ninto N. E., 164\u00e2\u0080\u0094 visits N. H.,\\n164.\\nLempster, 109.\\nLegislature, places of its holdiDg\\nsessions, 175.\\nLeverett, John, governor of Mass.,\\n33.\\nLeveridg William, minister of\\nDover, 12.\\nLexington, battle of, 125.\\nLinen, manufacture of, by the first\\nsettlers of Londonderry, 67.\\nLitchfield, settled, 67.\\nLiterary fund, avails of, 192.\\nLittle Harbor, settlement at, 8\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nsalt manufactured at, 8.", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0216.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n213\\nLivermnre, Samuel, principally\\ndraughts a new constitution, 143,\\n151 in favor of the federal con-\\nconstitution, 15S chosen repre-\\nsentative in Congress, 160 presi-\\ndent of the convention to revise\\nthe constitution, 164 senator in\\nCongress, 160 in favor of Jay s\\ntreaty, 166\u00e2\u0080\u0094 death of, 174.\\nLivius, Peter, goes to England and\\naccuses gov. Went worth, 118.\\nLondonderry settled, 66 first set-\\ntlers of, introduce the culture of\\npotatoes, 67.\\nLord, Nathan, president of Dart\\nmouth college, 116 obtains sub\\necriptions for the college, 199.\\nLothrop, Thomas, surprized and\\nslain by the Indians, 28.\\nLoudon, earl of, has the chief mi\\ntary command in America, 101\\nis superseded, 103.\\nLouisburg, plans for the capture\\nof, proposed by William Vaughan\\n86\u00e2\u0080\u0094 is taken, 87.\\nLoveioell, John. 69 expeditions of,\\nagainst the Indians, 72 death of,\\n72.\\nLoveweWs war, 72.\\nLovevfell, Zaccbeus, takes part in\\neettlers and minister of London-\\nderry, 66.\\nMcNeil, John, 67 a distinguished\\nofficer in the late war, ISO, 192.\\nMadison, James, elected president,\\n777, 181 succeeded by James\\nMonroe, 189.\\nMadokawando, 42.\\nMaid s Tree, affecting \u00c2\u00abtory con-\\nnected with, 118.\\nMaine, early settlers in, 8 a aad\\nby Gorges, 10.\\nManztealing, a capital crime, 16.\\nMarlborough, 157.\\nMarlow, 109.\\nMcrtyn, Richard, counsellor, 32\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nsuspended by danfield, 36, 37.\\nMason, John and Robert, 41.\\nMason, John, 7 obtains a patent\\nof N. H., 10, 12\u00e2\u0080\u0094 death and\\ncharacter of, 13 widow of, sends\\nagent to N. II., 14 widow of,\\nneglects and looses her goods and\\neffects in N. II., IS.\\n\\\\Mason, Robert, endeavors to estab-\\nlish his claim to N. H., 23 makes\\na second attempt, 31 comes to\\nN. II. claiming a seat in the coun-\\ncil, 35 returns to England, 35,\\n36 chancellor, 37\u00e2\u0080\u0094 death of, 41.\\nreducing Ticonderoga, 104.\\nlilasonian proprietors, 157\u00e2\u0080\u0094 names\\nLyman, lieut., attacks the Indians\\n58.\\nLyman, gen., with Johnson, leads\\nan expedition against Crown\\nPoint, 99.\\nLyme, planted by people from Conn.,\\n109.\\nss\\nMcClary, Andrew, killed at Bunker\\nHill, i2s:\\nMcClary, John, a patriot of the\\nrevolution, 151.\\nMcClary, Michael, adjutant general,\\ndeath and character of, 204. \\\\Merrimack\\nMacclintock, Samuel, preaches elec-| 118.\\ntion sermon in 1784, 153 death Merrimack river\\nof, 174. iMesandowit, lod\\nMcDonough, commodore, defeats house, 43\\nof,\\nMason s Hall, first house erected\\nin N. II., 8.\\nMassachusetts, receives N. IT. un-\\nder its government, 15.\\nMather, Cotton, recommsndi icocn-\\nlation, 68.\\nMather, Increase, goes to England,\\n41\\nMaud, Daniel, first settled minister\\nof Dover, 20.\\nMaverick, Samuel, 23.\\nMayhew, Thomas, 18, 31.\\ncounty, incorporated,\\n;es in\\nWa dron o\\nthe British on Lake Champlain\\n182.\\nMcGregore, David, minister of\\nLondonderry, 67, 94: death of,\\n151.\\nMacGregore, James, one of the first\\nMescrve, George, appointed stamp\\ndistributor in N. II., 112 resign3\\nhis commission, 113.\\nMeserve, Nathaniel, a masonian\\nproprietor, 89 commands a N.\\nH, regiment, 101.", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0217.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "1U\\nINDEX.\\nMeteors, remarkable exhibition of,\\n201.\\nMethodism introduced into Ameri-\\nca. 164.\\n2?\\nNash and Sawyer, discover tbe\\nNotch of the White Mountains,\\n118.\\nMiddlesex canal, commenced, 160. Nashua, two men taken at, 71.\\nMiller, James, 67\u00e2\u0080\u0094 an officer in the Neal, Walter, superintendent at\\nPortsmouth, 10 resides at Little\\nHarbor, 11 returns to England,\\n12.\\nNesmond, marquis, sails from\\nFrance for N. E., 51.\\nNew-Boston, granted by Mass, 74.\\nlate war, ISO, 1S2\\nMilitia,o(N. H., re-organized, 126-\\nsixteen companies of, from N. H.\\ninarch to Cambridge, 133.\\nMinas, engagement at, 92.\\nMinisters, convention of, formed,\\n94.\\nMitchel, George, 82.\\nMoffat, John, a masonian proprie-\\ntor, 89.\\nNewbury, Vt., 97.\\nNew-Castle, is incorporated, 49.\\nNewcomb, Daniel, member of the\\nconvention of 1781, 146.\\nMohawks, endeavor by Philip to j New-England, named by Charles\\nenlist in the war, 26\u00e2\u0080\u0094 are seen at X.,7 confederation of colonies of,\\nAmoskeag, 40\\nMonroe, James, elected president\\nand visits N. E., 1S9 incident in\\nconnection with, at Hanover, 190\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nre-elected president, 191.\\nMontcalm, marquis de, commands\\nthe French army, 102 invests fort\\nWilliam Henry, 102.\\nMontreal, attacked by gen. Wilkin-\\nson, 182.\\nMoocley, Joshua, ordained at Ports-\\nmouth, 23\u00e2\u0080\u0094 opens N. H. legisla-\\nture at its first meeting with prayer\\nand an election sermon, 34 per-\\nsecuted by Craafield, 38\u00e2\u0080\u0094 impris-\\nonment of, preacher at Boston\\nand returns to Portsmouth, 39\\ndeath and character of, 52, 53.\\nMoodey, Bettv, anecdote of, 130.\\nMoore, Jacob B., 197.\\nMoore, Samuel, colonel in the Lou-\\nisburg expedition, 87 masonian\\nproprietor, 83.\\nMoorhead, John, 94.\\nMorals, state of, .in 1644, 19, 20.\\nMorril, David Lawrence, senator\\n17.\\nNeio- Hampshire, patent of, granted\\nto John Mason, 7, 10 settled io\\n1623, 7\u00e2\u0080\u0094 population of in 1641,\\n15 united with Mass. 15 char-\\nacter of first settlers \u00c2\u00bbf, 20 be-\\ncomes a royal province, 32 popu-\\nlation of in 1680, 35\u00e2\u0080\u0094 is a second\\ntime united with Mass., 42 popu-\\nlation of in 1702, 57 population\\nof in 1730, 77 connected with\\nMass., under the same governor,\\nmore than forty years, 83 has a\\nseparate governor, 83 population\\nof in 1749, 94 raises troops in\\nthe French war, 101, 102 num-\\nber of ministers, lawyers, and\\njustices in 1768, 115 divided in-\\nto counties, 118 the ninth State\\nwhich ratifies the federal constitu-\\ntion, 159 population according\\nto U. S. census, 161, 170, 191,\\n200.\\nNew-Hampshire Bank, 163.\\nNew-Hampshire Baptist Missionary\\nSociety, .171.\\nto Congress, is chosen governor by I New-Hampshire Bible Society, no-\\nthe legislature, 194, 195 is sue- tice of, 179.\\nceeilcd by Benjamin Pierce, 198. I New-Hampshire Gazette, cemmen-\\nMorrison, William, minister of\\nLondonderry, death of, 203.\\nMorton, Thomas, sent prisoner to\\nEngland, 89.\\nMoulton, captain, 70, 71.\\nMoultonborough, 161.\\nMurray, John, preachel Unirersal-\\nism in N. II., 119.\\nces, 102.\\nNew-Hampshire Grants, contro-\\nversy respecting, 111.\\nNew-Hampshire Historical Socie-\\nty, 194.\\nNew-Hampshire Medical Society,\\n163.", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0218.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n215\\nNeio-Hampshire Missionary Socie-I\\nty, 171.\\nNew-Hampton Academy, notice of, 1\\n196.\\nNew-Haven scaled, 115.\\nNewington, attacked by Hoophood,\\n46, 166.\\nNew-London, 157.\\nNew-Orleans, battle of, 183, 184.\\nNewport, II. I., meditated attack\\nupon, 140.\\nNichols, Moses, col., in Bennington\\nbattle, 137.\\nNichols, Richard, commissioner of\\nCharles II., 23.\\nNicholson, Francis, governor, makes\\nMrs. DustOn a present, 51.\\nNil despcrandum Christo duee,\\nmotto given bv Mr. Whitefield for\\na flag, 87.\\nNorfolk, county of, 17.\\nNorridgewock, expedition against,\\n59 attack upon, 70.\\nNortham, former name of Dover, S.\\nNorthumberland, 126.\\nNorton, Francis, agent of widow\\nMason, 14, 18.\\nNotch of the White Mountains, dis-\\ncovered, 118.\\nNottingham, settled, 67, 92.\\nNova-Scotia, expedition against\\nsucceeds, 99 emigration to, 107\\nNumber Four, name changed to\\nCharlestown, 92.\\nO\\nOccum, a Mohegan Indian, a preach-\\ner, 116.\\nOdiorne, Jotham, a masonian pro-\\nprietor, 89 judge of superior\\ncourt, 114.\\nOdiorne s point, at Little Harbor.\\n6eltled by David Thompson, 8.\\nOhio Fever, 189.\\nOlcott, Mills, member of Hartford\\nconvention, 183.\\nOlcott, Simeon, senator in Congress,\\ndeath of, 203.\\nOmens, regarded, 31.\\nOrange, 157.\\nOrford, planted by people from\\nConn., 109.\\nOssipee Lake, 27, 30, 72.\\nOssipees, tribe of Indians, 8, 26\\n40, 43.\\nPacker, Thomas, death of, 84.\\nPacker, Thomas, one cf the maso-\\nnian proprietors, 89 sheriff, 114\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094death of, 123.\\nPage, William, 161.\\nPaine, Thomas, 170.\\nPaper money, vote against the issue\\nof, 156.\\nParker, Abel, opposes the federal\\nconstitution, 158.\\nPar I; hurst, Phinehas, wounded by\\nthe Indians, 145.\\nParliament of (ireat Britain, im-\\nposes a stamp duly on the colonies,\\n112 repeals the stamp act, 113\\nimposes duties on glass, paper,\\npaints, and tea, 115 new acts of\\noppression of, 123.\\nPan is, Ferdinando John, solicitor\\nfor Thomlinson, 79.\\nPartridge, Alden, calculates the\\nheight of the White Mountains,\\n153.\\nPartridge, William,appointedlieut.\\ngovernor, 52.\\nPuscataquu river, 7 bridges built\\nacross, 166, 193.\\nPassaconaway, sachem of (he Pena-\\ncook Indians, and head of the\\nPawtuckets, 8 seizure of son of,\\n17 makes his farewell address,\\n23.\\nPatten, Matthew, 151.\\nPaugus, Indian chief, killed, 72.\\nPawtuckets, confederacy of Indians,\\n8.\\nPayson, Seth, minister of Rindge,\\ndeath of, 203.\\nPeabody, Nathaniel, member of the\\nconvention of 1781, and one of\\nthe committee for framing the con-\\nstitution, 146, 151.\\nPeabody, Oliver W. B., delivers\\npoem at Portsmouth, 193.\\nPeabody, Oliver, state treasurer, is\\nsucceeded by Nathaniel Gilman,\\n173.\\nPeace, with the Indians, 31\u00e2\u0080\u0094 with\\nthe French and Indians, 53 with\\nthe Indians, 74 between England\\nand France, 93 between England\\nand France, 107 between the U.\\nS. and England, concluded at\\nParis in 1782, 150\u00e2\u0080\u0094 between the", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0219.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "216\\nINDEX.\\nU. S. and England, 184.\\nPeace Society, American, formed,\\n188\u00e2\u0080\u0094 notice of, 188.\\nPearl, of Dover, killed, 60.\\nPearson, Joseph, secretary of state,\\nis succeeded by Philip Carrigain,\\n173.\\nPeirce, Daniel, death of, 123.\\nPeirce, John, 157, 166.\\nPeirce, Joshua, counsellor, 7S ma-\\nsonian proprietor, 89.\\nPelham, settled, 67.\\nPembroke, granted, 74, 92.\\nPenacook, now Concord, 45.\\nPenacooks, tribe of Indians, 8, 26,\\n30, 40, 43, 58.\\nPenhalloio, John, 69.\\nPenhallow, Samuel, counsellor, is\\nsuspended by Vaughan, 64 death\\nof, 84\\nPenobscot Bay, 183.\\nPepperell and Gibbons, anecdote\\nof, 131.\\nPepperell, William, commander at\\nthe taking of Louisburg, 87, 95.\\nPequawkets, tribe of Indians, 8,\\n26, 43, 58, 72.\\nPequot ivar, 13.\\nPerjury, a capital crime, 16.\\nPerry, commodore, captures British\\nequadron on Lake Erie, 182.\\nPeterborough, granted by Mass.,\\n74.\\nPhilip, sachem of the Wampanoags,\\ninstigates a war against the colo-\\nnies, 25 sketch of his war, 25,\\n29 is killed by a friendly Indian,\\n29.\\nPhillips, John, founder of Exeter\\nAcademy, sketch of, 146.\\nPhips, William, commands a force\\nfor Canada, 46 notice of, 48\\nlady of, accused of witchcraft, 49.\\nPickering, John, forcibly takes re-\\ncords, 48.\\nPickering, John, member of the\\nconvention and one of the com-\\nmittee for forming the constitution,\\n146, 147, 151, 152\u00e2\u0080\u0094 in favor of\\nthe federal constitution, 158 is\\nappointed chief justice of the S.l\\nC, 161 president pro ton. of\\nthe convention to revise the con-\\nstitution, 164 death and notice\\nof, 174.\\nPickering, Thomas, with Sullivan\\nand Langdon, seizes the fort, 122.\\nPierce, Benjamin, leads the soldiera\\nof the revolution on Lafayette s\\nvisit, 195\u00e2\u0080\u0094 elected governor, 198\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nis succeeded by John Bell, 199\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nagain elected governor, 199.\\nPike, John, minister of Dover, death\\nof, 62.\\nPinckney, Charles C, receives the\\nvotes of N. H. for president,\\n172 candidate for president, 177.\\nPitcairn, major, commands the\\nBritish at Lexington, 125.\\nPitt, William, placed at the head\\nof affairs in England, 103.\\nPlainfield, planted by people from\\nConn., 1C9.\\nPlains of Abraham, battle of, 104.\\nPlaisted, Roger, killed, 27.\\nPlan of government, prepared by\\nthe convention at Exeter, describ-\\ned, 132.\\nPlatisburg, battle of, 182.\\nPlausawa, an Indian, killed in Bos-\\ncaw in\\n97.\\nPlumer, William, is elected gov-\\nernor, 178 succeeded by gov.\\nGilman, 181 again elected gov-\\nernor, 185 declines re-election,\\nand is succeeded by Samuel Bell,\\n190.\\nPlymouth, cannon at Bunker Hill\\nheard at, 129, 157.\\nPoor, Enoch, commands a regiment,\\n126 commands a brigade to Ti-\\nconderoga, 136, 137--- death of,\\n145, 151.\\nPopulation, increase of in the U. S.,\\n15\u00e2\u0080\u0094 of N. H. in 16S0, 35\u00e2\u0080\u0094 in\\n1702, 57\u00e2\u0080\u0094 in 1730, 77\u00e2\u0080\u0094 in 1749,\\n94\u00e2\u0080\u0094 divisions of, 110\u00e2\u0080\u0094 of U. S.,\\n123\u00e2\u0080\u0094 of N. H. in 1790, 161\u00e2\u0080\u0094 of\\nthe U. S. and N. II. in 1801,\\n170\u00e2\u0080\u0094 of N. H. in 1820, 191\u00e2\u0080\u0094 of\\nN. H. and U. S. in 1830, 200.\\nPortland, treaty with Indians at,\\n93\u00e2\u0080\u0094 conflagration of, 129, 183.\\nPort-Royal, expedition against, 60.\\nPortsmouth, charter of obtained,\\n10 called Strawberry Bank 30\\nyears, 18 people killed at, 50\\nUniversalist church founded at,\\n119, 165\u00e2\u0080\u0094 yellow fever at, 168\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nsociety of christians formed at,", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0220.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n217\\n170 great fire at, 171 great fire\\nat, 182-183 Athena?um, 190.\\nPost-Office established in 1\\\\. H.,49.\\nPotatoes, culture of introduced by the\\nfirst settlers of Londonderry, 67.\\nPou;der,exportation of prohibited by\\nthe king, 122 one hundred barrels\\nseized, 122.\\nPowers, Walter, first Baptist minis-\\nter in N. H., 101.\\nPrentice, John, speaker of die House\\nof Reps., 172,\\nPrinet on, battle of, 135.\\nProvidence settled, 15.\\nProvost, general, defeated at Platts-\\nburg, 182.\\nQ.\\nQuakers persecuted, 19, 20 enact-\\nments against, 21 society of, form-\\ned at Seabrook, 56.\\nQuebec, expedition against, 46 ex-\\nj ition against, 61 taken, 104,\\n134.\\nQueen s chapel, Portsmouth, (now\\nSt. John s Cl/urch,) 79.\\nR\\nRaikcs, Robert, founder of Sabbath\\nSchools, 194.\\nRalle, Sebastian, account of, 69\\ntaken and killed, 70, 71.\\nRandall, Benjamin, founder of the\\nFreewill Baptists, 144.\\nRandolph, Edward, comes to N. H.,\\n31 returns to England, 32 brings\\ncommission for the new govern-\\nment, 34 appointed surveyor and\\ncollector of the istoms, 35 attor-\\nney gen r il, 3 11\\nRangers, c 1,103 suf-\\nferings of, 105, 106.\\nRefugees,estnU ;s of, confiscated, 140.\\nReid, George, 67.\\nReid, James, colonel in the revolu-\\ntion, 125, 143, 151.\\nReligion, revivals of, c, 171 in\\nN. 11., 191.\\nRepublicans and Federalists, two\\ngreat parties formed, 165.\\nRevenue of N. H.,78.\\nRevolution in Boston, 16S9, 42\\nAmerican, commences, 125.\\nRindge, 157.\\nRindge, John, agent of N. H., 79\\ndeath of, 84.\\nRiot at Exeter and Hampton, 37, 38.\\nRochester, 89 Indian hostilities at,\\n90, 92.\\nRockingham county formed, 119.\\nRogers, Nathaniel, minister of Ports-\\nmouth, death of, 84.\\nRogers, Robert, tortured to death,\\n46.\\nRogers, Robert, commands the rang-\\ners, 101 author of a journal, 102\\nwith his rangers, successfully at-\\ntacks the St. Francis Indians, 105.\\nRolfe, Benjamin, minister of Haver-\\ni hill, Ms., killed, 60.\\nRoman Catholic Church established\\nat Claremont, 193.\\nRosebrook, a resident near the Notch\\nof the White Mountains, 161.\\nRowlandson, Mary, taken by the\\nIndians, 28.\\nRoiols, an Indian chief, 8.\\nRoyalton, Vt., burnt by the Indians,\\n144.\\nRumney, 97.\\nRush, Benjamin, 194.\\nRye, people killed at, 47.\\nS\\nSabatis, an Indian, killed at Bos-\\ncavven, 97.\\nSabbath guarded by law from vio-\\nlation, 16.\\nSacketVs Harbor, British defeated\\nat, 182.\\nSaco, early settlers at, 8.\\nSt. Francis, Indians, 97 surprised,\\ntheir village burnt, and two hun-\\ndred slain, by a detatchment of\\nrangers under Major Rogers, 105.\\nSalem, Ms. settled in 1628, 15\u00e2\u0080\u0094166.\\nSalisbury first experiences the suf-\\nferings of invasion in the war of\\n1755, 98.\\nSandeman, Robert, comes to Amer-\\nica, 111.\\nSandemanians, society of, formed at\\nPortsmouth, 111.\\nSandwich, 157.\\nSaratoga, 137.\\nSawyer and Nash discover the Notch\\nof the White Mountains, 118.\\nScammell, Alexander, commands a\\nregiment to Ticonderoga, 135, 145\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094death of, 148, 151,", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0221.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "218\\nINDEX.\\nScarborough frigate, tne crew of,\\ndismantle fort at Portsmouth, 127,\\n129.\\nScarcity, effects of, 12.\\nSchools, common, system of, begun,\\nIS\u00e2\u0080\u0094 progress of, 162 amount an-\\nnually raised 10 support, 163.\\nSeabrook, Quakers at, 56.\\nSergeant, John, conceives the plan\\nof an Indian School, 115.\\nSewall, Jonathan M., secretary of\\nt 1 convention of 1781, 146 152,\\nShackford, captain, pursues the In-\\ndians, 50.\\nShakers first appear in N. H., and\\nestablish themselves at Canterbury\\nand Enfield, 150.\\nShapleigh, Major, 31.\\nShays, Daniel, insurrection headed\\nby, 155.\\nSheafe, James, candidate for gov-\\nernor, 185.\\nShelburne invaded by the Indians,\\n147.\\nShepard, Amos, president of the\\nSenate, 172.\\nSherburne, John S., wounded, 141\\nSherburne, Henry, 98 counsellor,\\n114 death and notice of, 123.\\nSherburne, Major, slain, in battle,\\n139.\\nSherlock, shei iff under Cranfield,37.\\nShirley, William, gov. of Ms. ,86.\\nShurticff, Roswell, professor at Dart-\\nmouth college, removed by new\\ntrustees, 186.\\nShutc, Samuel, appointed governor\\nof Ms. and N. H. 64\u00e2\u0080\u0094 displaces\\nsix counsellors, 64 dissolves the\\nassembly, 64 controversy between\\nand Vaughan, 64 returns to Eng-\\nland, 70.\\nSlavery, instance of, 19.\\nSmall pox prevails, 48 innocula-\\ntion introduced, 68, 134, 135.\\nSmith, Dr. Nathan, notice of, 167,\\n16S.\\nSmith, Jeremiah, elected governor,\\n178 notice of, 178 succeeded by\\nLangdon, 178 chief justice, 181.\\nSmith, John, explores t! N. E.\\ncoast, 7 name of, given the\\nIsle of Shoals, 130.\\nSnows, great, 45, 171.\\nSocial Friends Society, 186.\\nSolley, Samuel, counsellor, 11*4.\\nSo7nersworth, persons slain at, 26.\\nSpotted Fever rages, 1S4.\\nSquando, an Indian sachem, 26.\\nStamp act passed, 112 effects of\\non the colonies, 112 repeal of,\\n113.\\nSlandish, Miles, takes Morton pris-\\noner, 9.\\nStar Island, 130.\\nStark, John, 67 taken prisoner by\\nthe Indians, carried to Canada,\\nand is redeemed by Capt. Stevens,\\n97 commands a company of ran-\\ngers, 101 engages in revolutiona-\\nry war, 123, 135 commands a\\nbrigade, 136 collects troops at\\nBennington, 136. defeats Colonel\\nBaum at Bennington, 137 is ap-\\npointed brigadier general by Con-\\ngress, 138 extract of a letter from,\\n145, 151\u00e2\u0080\u0094 death and sketch of, 192.\\nStark, William, commands a com-\\npanv of rangers, 101.\\nState House built, 190.\\nSlate Prison built, 179.\\nState, term of comes into use, 135.\\nStevens, Phinebas, sent to occupy\\nfort at Charles town, 90 brave de-\\nfence of fort at Charlestown, 92,\\n97 goes to Canada to redeem cap-\\ntives, 97.\\nStewartstown, 126.\\nStickney, Thomas, colonel in Ben-\\nnington battle, 137.\\nStileman, El ias, counsellor, 34,36.\\nStillwater, battle of, 138.\\nStoddard, 157.\\nStorer, Clement, is chosen president\\nof ihe Senate, 172.\\nStorm, great, 185.\\nStrafford county formed 118.\\nStrawberry Bank, part of Portsmouth y\\n7 becomes the seat of business,\\n10 name changed to Portsmouth,\\n21.\\nSullivan county incorporated, 118.\\nSullivan, John, chosen representa-\\ntative to the first congress, 120\\n122-is sent to Portsmouth by Wash-\\nington, 129 goes to Quebec, 134\\ntakes the chief command in the\\nCanadaexpedition, 134, 135 coin-", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0222.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n219\\nmands at Now port, R. I., 140-com\\nmands an expedition against the In\\ndians, 133-retires from bhe service\\n141 member of the convention of\\n1781, 146 secretary pro tela, of\\nthe convention, 147, 151 chosen\\npresident of N. II., 155 in favor\\nof the federal constitution, 158\\npresident of the convention for de-\\nciding on the federal constitution,\\n158 is again elected president,\\nICO appointed judge of the U. S.\\ndistrict court, 101 death of, 173.\\nSunapee Lake, 1 7, 191.\\nSunday School Union of X. II. 19 I.\\nSuperior Court of Judicature abol-\\nished, 181.\\nSupreme Judicial Court created, 181.\\nSwanzey granted by Ms., 74 set-\\ntled, 75, 89.\\nSwanzey, Ms., attacked by Philip,\\n26.\\nSynod of N. E., 94.\\nT\\nTar manufactured, 65.\\nTask, Thomas, commands a rein-\\nforcement, 103.\\nTea, duty on, 115 cargoes of, land-\\ned at Portsmouth, 120 destroyed\\nat Boston, 120.\\nTemperance Society, 198.\\nTemple, 161.\\nTemple, Sir Thomas, anecdote of,\\n22.\\nTender Act passed, 155.\\nTenney, Samuel, representative in\\nCongress, death of, 203.\\nTest Act, dispensed with, in favor\\nof N. H., 15.\\nThe Cedars, 134.\\nTherouet, an Indian sachem, notice\\nof, 107.\\nThomas, general, death of, 134.\\nThomlinson, John, agent of N. II.,\\n79, 80.\\nThompson, Benjamin, (see Count\\nRum ford.)\\nThompson, David, settled at Little\\nHarbor, 8.\\nThompson, Ebenezer, 151.\\nThompson, general, captured, 134\\ndeath of, 134.\\nThompson, Thomas W., senator in\\nCongress, death of, 204.\\nThornton, Matthew, president of\\nconvention of delegates, 1 26, 132\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nsigner of declaration of independ-\\nence, 135, 151 deal! and notice\\nof, 174.\\nThornton s Ferry, party of English\\nkilled near, 71.\\nThroat Distemper, prevalence of,\\n7.9, 80.\\nTiconderoga, attacked, 103, 134\\nevacuated by the Americans, 136.\\n7 ory and Whig, terms comes into\\nuse, 121.\\nTreachvell, Daniel, death of, 108.\\nTrenton, battle at, 135.\\nTriennial Act passed, 76-\\nTucke, John, minister of the Isles of\\nShoals, 131\\nTurnpikes, several granted, 167.\\nTyler, Bennet, president of Dart-\\nmouth college, 116\\nTyng, Eleazar, buries the slain of\\nLove well s company, 73.\\nXJ\\nUnderhill, John, chief magistrate of\\nDover, 14.\\nUnion of the American colonies pro-\\nposed, 98.\\nUnion of the X. E. colonies, 17.\\nUnitarian association o; N. II. form-\\ned. 200.\\nUnited Fraternity, 186.\\nUpham, Timothy, candidate for gov-\\nernor, 199.\\nUsher, John, appointed lieut. govern-\\nor, 47 character of, -18 irritates\\nthe people by his conduct, 51 su-\\nperseded by Partridge, 52 is re-\\nstored to his seat, 54 is appoint-\\ned lieut. governor under Dudley. 37\\nretires to Medford, 63.\\nV\\nVan Rensselaer, general, defeat of,\\n180.\\nVaughan, George, 10.\\nVaughan, George, sent to England\\nas agent, 56 appointed lieut. gov-\\nernor 63, 64 suspends Penhallovv,\\n64 is suspended by gov. Shute,\\n64 is removed from office by the\\nking, 64.\\nVaughan, William, counsellor, 32,\\n37 appeals to the king, 41 sus-\\npended by Usher, 51.", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0223.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "220\\nINDEX.\\nVaughan, William, proposes plan\\nfor taking Louisburg, 86 deatl\\nof, 87.\\nVermont, land in, on Connecticut\\nriver surveyed, 109\u00e2\u0080\u0094 township in\\ngranted by gov. B. Wentworth,\\n109 is organized into an inde\\npendent state, 135.\\nVillieu, a French commander, 49.\\nVolcanic Mountain, 96.\\nVoters in N. H. number of, in 1684,\\n35.\\nVoting, corn and beans, used in, 17\\nW\\nWadsworth, captain Samuel, slab\\nby Indians, 28.\\nWahwa, an Indian chief, 72.\\nWaldo s patent, 131.\\nIValdron, Richard, of Dover, mem-\\nber and speaker of the gen. court,\\n21, 22 Indians meet at his house\\n29 yields to the seizure of the In-\\ndians, 29 counsellor, 32 deputy\\nto the president, 34 commander\\nin-chief of the militia,34 succeed;\\npresident Cutts, 36 is suspended\\nby Cranfield, 36, 37\u00e2\u0080\u0094 killed by the\\nIndians, 43, 49.\\nIValdron, Richard, of Dover and\\nPortsmouth, escapes the Indians,\\n50 counsellor, 51 suspended by\\nUsher, 51 suit of ejectment\\nbrought against by Allen, 55, 79\\ndeath of, 84.\\nIValdron, Richard, of Portsmouth,\\nprovincial secretary, 79 suspend-\\ned from his seat in the council, S5\\nchosen speaker of the House of\\nReps. 95\u00e2\u0080\u0094 death of, 108.\\nIValdron, William, magistrate at\\nDover, 16.\\nWalker, admiral, sent fromEnglam\\nagainst Quebec, 61.\\nWalker, Timothy, minister of Con\\ncord, 119 death of, 151.\\nWalker, Timothy, 146, 151\u00e2\u0080\u0094 -can\\ndidate for governor, 169.\\nWalling ford, Thomas, a Mason ian\\nproprietor, 89 death of, 123.\\nWalpole attacked by the Indians,\\n100.\\nWalton, Shadrach, commands in an\\nexpedition, 61\u00e2\u0080\u0094 commands a par-\\nty to the eastward, 69 presides\\nover the council, 78, 80.\\nWar with France, 86, 98\u00e2\u0080\u0094 revolu-\\ntionary, commencement of, 125\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\ndeclared against Great Britain,\\n180.\\nWars with the Indians, Pequot,\\n13\u00e2\u0080\u0094 king Philip s, 25, 29.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 king\\nWilliam s, 41 Queen Anne s, 57,\\nLovewell s 72.\\nWarner, Seih, regiment of,reinforces\\nStark, 137.\\nWarnerton, Thomas, 10, 12 assist-\\nant magistrate, 14 appointed ma-\\ngistrate for Portsmontli, 16, 18.\\nWarren, Peter, commodore of the\\nnaval forces, in the Louisburg ex-\\npedition, 87.\\nWashington city attacked by the\\nBritish, and public buildings burnt,\\n182.\\nWashington, George, takes com-\\nmand of the Amei ican army, 129\\nenters Boston triumphantly, 133\\nmarches to N. York, 134, 144,\\n148 interposes in the Vermont\\ncontroversy, 149 chosen presi-\\ndent of the convention for adopt-\\ning the federal constitution, 158\\nchosen president of the U. S., 160\\nvisits N. El., 160 again elected\\npresident, 164\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ratifies Jay s trea-\\nty, 167 declines another election\\nto the presidency, 167 death of,\\n169.\\nWashington, town of, 157.\\nWaternummus, an Indian chief, 70\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094killed by Capt. Baker, 70.\\nWeave, Meshech, chosen speaker of\\nthe House of Reps., 96 appointed\\npresident of the council, and chief\\njustice of the superior court, 132\\nresignation, death and character of,\\n153\u00e2\u0080\u0094 is named, 98, 142, 151, 152.\\nWeare, Nathaniel, sent to England,\\n37 success of mission of, 39\\nchosen speaker of the assembly,\\n76.\\nWeave, Richard, mortallv wounded,\\n136.\\nWeather, very cold, in 1816, 183.\\nWebb, general, 103.\\nWebster, David, settles at Plymouth,\\n110.", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0224.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n221\\nEbenezer, member of the\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2n of 1781, 146\\n1. xi kid, in nice of the cir-\\nri- of his death, 204.\\nihn W., measurement of\\nfountains by, 153.\\nhomas, first minister of\\n23.\\neffects of whirlwind at,\\nBenning, 77 counsel-\\n-appointed governor, S3\\nil surveyor general, 84\\n:s of the expedition i g\\ni g 87, 88,9 1\u00e2\u0080\u0094 altercations\\ni the assembly, 95 com-\\nof to the king, 95, 96\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nthe chair, 113 character\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2tii, John, of Portsmouth is\\n.1 lieut. gov., 64 becomes\\nider in chief, TO, 7b dis-\\niie asesmbly, 76 death and\\n\u00c2\u00bbf, 7, 84.\\nth, John, a Masonian pro-\\n89.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2th, John, appointed gov\\n1-1 arrives at Portsmouth,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2tice of, 114,118, 120, 131\\nup his residence in the fort,\\nise plundered, 127 leaves\\nand becomes governor ol\\ncotia, 129\u00e2\u0080\u0094 death of, 129.\\nth, .Mark H a Masonian\\ntor, 89.\\nth, Paul, map engraved at\\nof, 119.\\nenjamin, 158 member of\\nd convention, 183 death\\n)k, colonel, is sent to seize\\n19.\\nJohn, 164.\\neland, 88 occurrence at,\\ner Mountain, volcanic, 96.\\nJohn, family of, killed, 59.\\nEleazar, minister of Leb-\\nonn., establishes an Indian\\n116 first president of\\nnth college, 116.\\nJohn, president of Dart-\\ncollege, 116\u00e2\u0080\u0094 visifof, ti\\n163\u00e2\u0080\u0094 is removed from the\\noffice of president, 1F5 reinstated\\nby new trustees, 186 death of,\\n187 incident in relation to the\\nu idovv of, 190.\\nWin i Iwright, John, deed to, from In-\\ndians, (a forgery,) 9\u00e2\u0080\u0094 banished\\nfrom Ms., 14 settles at Exeter, 14\\nremoves to Wells in Me., 16\\nreturns to Hampton, 17 kindly re-\\nceived in England by Oliver Crom-\\nwell, 17 returns again to N. E.,\\n17.\\nWheelwrights Pond, in Lee, cn-\\nnent at, 46.\\nWhig and Tory, terms of, come into\\nuse, 121.\\nWhipple, William, signer of the dec-\\nlaration of independence, 135\\ncommands a brigade, 136 inci-\\ndent relating to, 138, 1-10, 151.\\nWhirlwind, a most violent one, 191.\\nWhite, Bishop, 194.\\nWhitefield, Ge rge, visits N. E., 85\\ncharacter of, 86, S7 death of,\\n123.\\nWhite Mountains, notice of, 11 al-\\ntitude of, 153.\\nWibird, Richard, Masonian propri-\\netor, 89, 9S, 114\u00e2\u0080\u0094 judge of pro-\\nbate, 123\u00e2\u0080\u0094 death of, IS\\nWibird, Thomas, death of, 123.\\nWiggin, .Andrew, appointed judge\\nol probate, 85.\\nWiggin, Thomas, super intendenNat\\nDover, 10, 11 appointed magis-\\ntrate, 16.\\nWilkinson, general, commands at\\nthe attempt tb penetrate Montreal,\\n182\\nWillard, Josiah, 90.\\nWillard, Moses, killed by Indians,\\n102.\\nWilley, Samuel, and his family, kill-\\ned l the avalanche at the notch of\\nthe White Mountains, 197.\\nWilliam III., succeeds James II, 42\\ndeath of, 56.\\nWilliams, Francis, appointed gov.\\nof Portsmouth, 13, 14 magistrate,\\n16.\\nWilliams, of Portsmouth,\\ncompelled to give up his slave, 19.\\nWilmot, 157.", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0225.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\nWinchester settled 75, 90 persons\\ncaptured at, 102.\\nWinchester, general, defeated at\\nFrench tow n, 182.\\nWingate, Paine, member of the con-\\nvention of 1781, 146 chosen sen-\\nator Hi Congress, 160.\\nWinnipiseogee, 27, 45, 72, 91, 114\\nsteam navigation introduced up-\\non, 201.\\nJVinthrop, John, gov. of Ms., 33\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\ndeath of in 1649,33.\\nWiswall, captain, killed by the In-\\ndians, 46.\\nWitchcraft, at Portsmouth, 21 in\\nMs., 48,\\nWolfe, genaral James, takes Que-\\nbec, 104.\\nWonolanset, 26.\\nWoodbury, Levi, elected governor,\\n193 is succeeded by David L. i\\nMorril, 195 is elected senator in!\\nCongress, 195 is appointed sec-\\nretary of the navy, 199.\\nWoodward, Bezaleel, professor at\\nDartmouth College, 174.\\nWorcester, Rev. Noah, writer of the\\nsolemn review of the custom of\\nwar, 188.\\nWorthen, major, erects forts on Tref-\\nethen and Pierce s Island, 129.\\nWyoming, laid waste by the Indians,\\n133.\\nY\\nYork, in Upper Canada, captured,\\n182.\\nYellow Fever, effects of, 168.\\nERRATA.\\nPage 14 line 3, for adherants, read adherents.\\n34 23, for governmental, read govermental.\\nErase the word not in this line.\\n42 8, for alledged, read alleged.\\n47 45, for journied, read journyed.\\n51 43, for he, read the.\\n59 13, for nighly, read nightly.\\n65 12, for exhited, read exhibited.\\n70 29, for Walternummus, read Waternummus.\\n79 4t, for propogating, read propagating.\\n84 39, for 1717, read 1727.\\n92 14, for Dubeline, read Debeline.\\n104 12, for Amiiercrombie, read Abercrombie.\\n113 31, for assidious, read assiduous.\\n148 u 35, for collissions, read collisions.\\n161 running date, for 1709, read 1790.\\n169 39, insert by after Senate.\\n176 39, for session, read sessions,\\nThe name of John Langdon is erroneously inserted, page 135, .aong\\nthe signers of the Declaration of Independence. For John Langdon, read\\nJosiah Bartlett of Kingston..", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0226.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0227.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3359", "width": "1814", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0228.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3328", "width": "1835", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0229.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3489", "width": "1996", "jp2-path": "sketchesofhistor00whiton_0230.jp2"}}