{"1": {"fulltext": "4f\\n;^y\\nAX\\n^^B-\\nA I) D R E S S\\nDELIVERED AT THE\\nCentennial Celebration,\\nIN\\nJ Jk. IF- IF K/ IB\\nAUGUST -20, 1873.\\ni\\nBY .JOEL I^^RliER.\\nWINCHENDON\\nI RINTED BY F. W WARD CO\\n18 7 3.\\n^M", "height": "3557", "width": "2042", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3416", "width": "1793", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3416", "width": "1793", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3416", "width": "1793", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3416", "width": "1793", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "WsSr^\\nAN\\nADDRESS\\nDELIVERED AT THE\\nCentennial Celebration,\\nIN\\nvJ J^ IT- IP I?, IB Z\\nAUGUST 20, 1873.\\nBY JOEL. I ^RKEE,\\nWINCHENDON\\nPRINTED BY F. W. WARD CO\\n18 73.\\n^^7^1", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "U^OV tONG^\\n5 \\\\ft^^\\nWKS^!^", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "ADDRESS.\\nFellow Citizens, Friends; Ladies and Gentlemen:\\nSome tlu-eescore years since, a favorite piece for declamation by\\nthe junior school-boys commenced with this couplet\\nYou d scarce expect 0110 of 1113 age.\\nTo speak in public on the stage.\\nWhen I received the invitation of the Committee of Arrano-e-\\nments, to deliver an Addi ess, at the close of a century, more than\\nthree-quarters of which I represent, so far as years are concern-\\ned, in my own person, I was forcibly reminded of this school-boy\\nexcrcise, and strongly tempted, reversing- its significance, to make\\nit the basis of my reply.\\nBut the after-thought was, that upon such occasions, reminis-\\ncences are generally acceptable, even if they are trivial, and that\\nperhaps, urged by such a complimentary requisition, I oAved it to\\nthe Town of my birth, to waive my claim to exemption, make my\\nlast appearance on this occasion, and tell Avhat I know, little\\nthovigh it may be, of its early history.\\nLittle enough it is, in fact, for the years of my early youth\\nwere passed in the remote seclusion of the Northeastern cor-\\nner of the township, and with only a few intervening years\\nin the centre, my personal knowledge iTspe^iting its people, and\\nits affairs, has been only through qccasionaT* \\\\isits\\nIf, sixty years since I had had even a remote suspicion,\\nthat I might stand here toda-^, to discourse respecting the first", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "JAFFREY CENTENNIAL.\\n9\\ninhjibltancy of this town, and its incorporation, I would have\\ncome to yon this morning Avith a portfolio full of notations re-\\nspecting its ancient history. Having no such premonition,\\nmany of the incidents of its early days have escaped from my\\ngrasp, and the sources from which alone information respect-\\ning them could have been derived are gone forever. The Cen-\\ntury which is commemorated has, in the course of nature, car-\\nried away the Fathers who saw the inception of the settlement\\nhere, with those who immediately followed and Avere conversant\\nwith things done and transacted within its borders.\\nEven in regard to a much later date a few only of that peri-\\nod seem to stand, somewhat like the servants of Job, who came\\nfrom different quarters and said, one after another, I alone\\nam escaped to tell thee; and doubtful upon whom I should\\ncharge the (inty of having greater knoAvledge than I ought to\\nhave respecting the first half of the century, and thereby release\\nmyself from the conscription, by presenting a sid)stitute, my con-\\nclusion, at last, led me, in obedience to the requisition, to come\\nbefore you at the present time, and ask your indulgence for the\\ndeficiencies which you will perceive in what I have to offer fo:;\\nyour acceptance.\\nThe great antiquity of the Township where Ave are assembled\\ndoes not admit of a doubt.\\nIt seems to be the better opinion, that in the creation of the\\nAvorld, granite Avas first formed. We are assured that granite\\nappears to be the fundamental rock of the earth s crust, and\\nthat Avherever Ave reach the base of the stratified rocks, Ave find\\nthem resting upon granite.\\nThis being so, it folloAvs that New Hampshire is entitled to\\nthe credit of being part of the earliest creation. And that Jaf-\\nfrey had a larger interest in that creation than any of her neigh-\\nbors, is shoAvn by the fact, that on the subsequent partition, the\\nlarger portion of the Monadnock was assigned to her.\\nIt is one of the jests about Father Sprague, as he Avas called,\\nlong the minister of Dublin, that discoursing one day upon\\nfaith, and cjuoting the passage of Scripture respc^cting its power", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "JAFFKEY f ENTKNMAl.. 3\\nto remove mountains, he turned his eye, tlirougli tlie Avindow,\\nto the mass of granite in fiill view, and expressed a d()Td)t A\\\\hetli-\\ner that applied to the Monadnock.\\nIf there have been any very great ehanges in the structure of\\nthe earth here, since the period of creation, they are not chroni-\\ncled. The Monadnock exhibits no evidence of disturbance, bv\\nfaith, or by volcanic influences. The only fires have been upon\\nits exterior siu face. At the settlement of the Township it mxist\\nhave been covered, nearly to its siimmit, Avith a dense forest.\\nSome of my earliest recollections are of fires on its sides, Mhich\\nfurnished pillars of smoke bv day, and of fire bv night, sufficient\\nto have guided the children of Israel, if their ])ath to the ])rom-\\nised land had lain in this vicinity. These fires left a tangled\\nAvindfall, and a bald rock, as it was called, at the top, which\\nwas perhaps bare before that time. Possiblv they are res])onsi-\\nble, in some measure, for mv inaliilitv to hunt n\\\\) a respectable\\nbear storv, as a part of the minor history of the town.\\nBut if the mountain has not changed its local habitation, tlie\\ntown has its geologic and historic problem, of a different charac-\\nter, in the meadow lying just east of this tillage. Some twenty\\nyears since, in one of my occasional visits to JafFrey, T found\\nDr. Fox engaged in removing large pine stumps, Avith roots of\\ngreat size and length, from his portion of the meadoAv, on the\\nAvesterlv side, and he shoAved me, at the distance of a rod or tAAo\\nfrom the upland, small pieces of Avood bearing evidence of hav-\\ning been cut bv the beaA^ers, and supposed to be parts of a beaA-\\ner dam, taken from a depth of some five feet beloAv the surface.\\nThere were sticks of yellow birch and of alder about three or\\nfour inches in diameter, cut at the ends by a grooved instrument.\\nIt Avas not siu prising that the beaA ers should liaAc had a hab-\\nitation in that vicinity. In fact, recent incpiiries sIioav that\\nthis toAvn must haA e been a faA orite locality Avith them. But\\nit was a mystery hoAV, in the present conformation of the land,\\nthere covild have been a beaver dam in that sjjot.\\nRecently it was determined to haAc a further examination,\\nand it was soon ascertained that there bad b(-en a beaver dam at\\nthe outlet of the nu adoAV, on tlie Southeast, near Air. Cutter s", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "i- JAFFREY CENTENNIAL.\\ntannery, in the place which any sagacious beaver might have\\ndesignated for a dam, and the conclusion Avas readily reached,\\nthat what had been discovered by Dr. Fox was the remains of a\\nbeaver s cabin, on the Westerly shore of the pond which must\\nhave been formed by this dam. And so it proved. Selecting\\na spot a short distance from that opened by Dr. Fox, we struck\\nanother cabin, shown clearly to be such, by finding the beaver s\\nbed, composed of small twigs, leaves and grass, well constructed\\nin layers, the general color being of a light orange when taken\\nout, but becoming dark very soon, on exposure to the air. Many\\nof the leaves were of perfect form, so that the kinds could be\\ndistinguished; and a small beech-nut was found betAveen the\\nsheets, probably not stowed away for use but taken up Avith the\\nleaves in forming the bed.\\nAll mystery about the formation of a beaA-er dam was soh-ed,\\nbut there Avas a marvel remaining. The beaver s bed Avas about\\nseven feet below the sui face, and when made must have been in\\na dry position, and above the surface of a pond. By Avhat pro-\\ncess of accretion had this pond been filled, and some sca cu feet\\nof mud deposited above the bed On testing the depth of the\\nmud Avith a pole, it Avas found to be about thirteen feet. In the\\ncentre of the meadow it must be much more.\\nThe surrounding hills, at the present time, do not giA e CA i-\\ndence that great aid in filling could haA-e been deriA^ed from them,\\nindicating that the basin must haA^e filled itself, to a great ex-\\ntent, from its OAvn resoiu ces. Sufficient material must perhaps\\nhaA e been Avashed in for the commencement of the process.\\nDr. Fox states, that in clearing his meadoAV of these stumps\\nand roots, he dug down into the mud in some places to the\\ndepth of ten feet and that he found thi ee tiers of large pine\\nstumps, perhaps none dii ectly over the others, but on three dif-\\nferent levels, one at the surface, the second about a foot beloAA^\\nthe bottom roots of the first, and the third about the same dis-\\ntance beloAv the second, bringing the thii d about on the level\\nAvith the beaver s cabin. The trees Avere A-ery large pines, gen-\\nerally three or foiu* feet in diameter, and similar in the scAcral\\ntiers.", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "JAITREY CEXTENMAL. 5\\nThis statement is su])plementcd by Benjamin Cutter, Esq.,\\nwho says, that in clearing his part of the meadow, he dug cross\\nditches, and that at the intersection he found three large\\nstumps in a perpendicular line, the upper one directly above\\nthe other tAvo, the two upper of pines, one to two feet in diam-\\neter, the lower apparently of birch and about one foot, and\\nthat there were pine stumps at the surface, near, or quite, four\\nfeet in diameter, within, probably, ten rods.\\nThat trees grow and decay is no marvel. But thi-ee succes-\\nsive generations of them, so to spealc, situated on the same spot,\\nand attaining th s gigantic size, and on such a wet soil, formed\\nto a great extent by their oAvn decay, are not often seen or heard\\nof, never before to my knowledge.\\nCenturies seem to be comprised in this problem. Pine trees\\nfour feet in diameter do not grow in a short period, and when\\ngrown it requires some time to resolve them by a natural process\\nof decay, into good meadow mud, capable of sustaining another\\nlike growth.\\nI can hardly assign less than five Imndred vears, perhaps it\\nmay be a thousand, as a time when this beaver s cabin was\\nerected and his bed made. Hoav much longer, and how many\\ntiers of pine trees there may have been below those discovered\\nis not very material.\\nIf any one is disposed to cavil about the exact period, T have\\nno objection to discount a century or so but I cannot consent\\nto give up any of the stumps, because as they stand, or rather\\nstood, the town may stump all the toAvns in the region round\\nabout, to show anything bigger, of that description.\\nIt needs not that I should say to you, that it was persevering\\nindiistry and diligent hard labor which subdued the forest here,\\nand converted so large a portion of the township into reasonably\\nfertile fields.\\nIt must be admitted that the surface is somewhat uneven.\\nI should be uuAvilling to apply the term roiiorJt to the township,\\nor to any body or thing connected Avith it. And there are some\\nstones scattered here and there, notwithstanding the heaps of", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "n JAFFREY CENTEXMAL.\\nem piled up in the fields, in times past, by the boys, somewhat\\nto their disgust when they wanted to go a fishing.\\nBut this is a world of compensations. Pure air, pure water,\\nand good drainage, are conducive to good health, and good mor-\\nals and it is but just to say, that this is a place where a man,\\nunder ordinary circumstances, may expect to live out half his\\ndays, and even something more, if careful about his habits.\\nA party to as?end the Monadnock, after haying time, was\\none of the recreations many years since but who could then\\nimagine, that our beloved Town, with its uneven surface, Avould\\nbecome a celebrated resort for the seekers after health, and for\\nthe lovers of quiet and of the picturesque, and that the writers of\\nprose, and eke of poetry, would come hither, not merely to get\\na larger view ef the world than they ever had before, but to\\nmake it a dwelling, and a habitation, and a shelter against the\\nheats of summer, and perhaps the storms of adverse fortune.*\\nRespecting the minor incidents of the early history of the town,\\nlittle can now be known, for the reasons suggested.\\nIt is said that there were settlers here prior to seventeen hun-\\ndred and forty-nine. If so, they were occupants without even\\ncolor of title, and doubtless did not remain.\\nIf we desire to derive a title otherwise than from the original\\ngranite, we may trace it through the Right in the Crown of\\nGreat Britian by Discovery. The grant of King James I, to\\nthe Council of Plymouth, in the County of Devon, in England.\\nThe grant of that corporation to Capt. John Mason. A\\ndevise by him to his grandson Robert Tufton, who took the name\\nof M ason. Thence as an entailed estate, through several de-\\nscents to his great-grandson John Tufton M ason, and after a re-\\ncovery his conveyance in 1746, to Theodore Atkinson and\\n*I note, however, that the inducenieuts to tlie traveller to stop over,\\nmay not, within the law, be in all respects quite as numerous as those\\nheld out by a poetical landlord, who kept a tavern north of Keene village,\\nsome three-quarters of a century since. They ran in this wise\\nWhy will ye pass by, both hungry and dry,\\nGood brandy, good gin, please to walk in,\\nGood baiting, good bedding.\\nYour humble servant, Thomas Redding.", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "JAFFUEY f ENTEXXIAL,\\neleven other persons, who afterwards hecame known as the Afa-\\nsonian Proprietors.\\nActing under a vote of thes.- Masonian Proprietors, passed\\nJune 16, 1749, Joseph Blanchard, of Dnnstabk as their agent,\\non the thirtieth of November of that year, conveyed to Jonathan\\nHubbard and thirty-nine others, all the Right, Possession and\\nProperty of the Proprietors, to this to^^ nship, then called the\\nMiddle Monadnock, or Number Two, several of the grantees\\ntaking more than one share, the number of shares being in fact\\nfifty.* The deed contained a provision by which the land\\nshould be divided into seventy-one shares, three shares being\\ngranted and appropriated, free of all charge, on(^ for the first\\nsettled minister, one for the support of the ministry, and\\none for the school there forever, f the grantors reserving for\\nthemselves eighteen shares, accpiittcd from all duty and charge\\nuntil improved. And it was provided that each share contain\\nthree lots, equitably coupled together, and drawn for, at or be-\\nfore the first of July next, in some equitable manner.\\nOne of the provisions of the deed was that each of the grantees\\nshould, at the executing of the instrument, pay twenty i)oTuids\\nold tenor, to defray the necessary, charges arisen and arising in\\nsaid township.*\\n*See Appendix A.\\ntGrants of townships by the Governor and Council outside of tlie limits\\nof the Masonian Proprietors, sonietimes contained provisions yivintr\\nshares to the Church of England, and to the society for the propnga^\\ntion of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, with a large sliare for his Excelleney\\npersonally.\\ntThe actual amount to be paid was but a small proportion of tlic nom-\\ninal sum thus set down: the old tenor being a paper currency issued\\nlong before by. the Province, which, not having been redeemed accordin^:\\nto its tenor, had greatly depreciated. Massacliusotts had three emissions\\nof paper currency, which became known as old tenor, middle tenor, and\\nnew tenor. The old tenor had depreciated in 1753, so that twenty shil-\\nlings of it were worth only two shillings eight pence lawful monev. It\\nmay be safely inferred that tlie currency of New Hampshire was not better.\\nProbably it was worse. Belknap, speaking of a controversy between\\nGovernor Benning Wentworth and the Assembly, in 1749, respecting the\\nrepresentation of the towns, says The etfee t of this controversy was\\ninjurious to the governor, as well as to the people. The public bills of\\ncredit had depreciated since this administration hogan, in the ratio of thir-\\nty to fifty-six, and the value of the j;overnor .s salary had declined in the\\nsame proportion.", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "S JAFFREY CENTENNIAL.\\nThere are conditions respecting clearing, building, and set-\\ntlement, to be performed within certain specified times, by the\\nseveral grantees, a condition that a good convenient meeting-\\nhouse should be built, as near the centre as might be with conve-\\nnience, within six years from date, and ten acres of land reserved\\nfor public use another, that the grantees, or theii- assignees,\\nby a major vote, in public meeting, should grant and assess such\\nfurther sums as they should think necessary for carrying for-\\nward the settlement, with a provision fpr the sale of so much\\nof any delinquent s right as should be necessary for the payment\\nof a tax, by a committee appointed for that purpose and a\\nfurther provision that if any of the grantees should neglect or\\nrefuse to perform any of the articles, he should forfeit his share\\nand right to those of the grantees who should have complied on\\ntheir part, with power to enter upon the right of the delin-\\ncjuent owner, and oust him, provided they should perform his\\nduty as he should have done, within a year.\\nThere were provisions by which the grantors undertook to\\ndefend the title, to a certain extent.\\nWe are interested in these conditions and provisions only as\\nmatters of history, serving to show the measures taken by the\\nMasonian Proprietors to secure the settlement of the townships\\nwhich they granted, this among others.\\nIt seems probable that none of the conditions were strictly\\ncomplied with. They could not well be at that time. But so\\nlong as there were attempts, in good faith, to make settlements,\\nit was not for the interest of the grantors to enforce forfeitures.\\nTheir shares became more valuable as the others were improved,\\nand the enforcement of forfeitures, when there were attempts to\\nperform, would have injured themselves.\\nI have procured from the Clerk of the Masonian Proprietors,\\ncopies of the documents on file in his office relating to this Town-\\nship. A few items may perhaps be acceptable.\\nThe grantees held a meeting at Dunstal le, January 1(), 1749-\\n50, at which a vote was passed that each right be laid out into\\nthree lots, and to couple them fit for drawing, to be done by the\\nlast day of INlay and that twenty pounds old tenor be raised to", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "JAFFKEY CENTEXXTAT,. 9\\nhp raised to each right, to defray charges incidental thereto.\\nA plan of the township, seven miles long by five broad, laid\\nout into ten ranges, and twenty-two lots one hundi ed rods wide\\nto each range, was finished in May, 1750.\\nThe meeting in January was adjoiu ned to the first Tuesday\\nin June, Avhen it was again adjotuuied to the second Tuesday,\\nat which time the lots were di awn.\\nIt is probable that some of the grantee^ abandoned their rights,\\nas six shares Avere sold at this meeting, and the money ordered\\nto be deposited Avith the Treasiu er, to be paid to the first five\\nmen that goes on with their families in one year from this date,\\nand continues there for the space of one year.\\nThere was a vote also for a Committee to lav out a road from\\nanother Number Two (Wilton) through Peterboro Slip, to this\\ntownship.*\\nThe maeting was then adjourned to November 8th, at which\\ntime a vote was passed prescribing the method of calling future\\nmeetings, the provision for notice being the posting of notices\\nat Dunstable, Lunenberg and Hollis. A fiirther vote appointed\\nJoseph Blanchard, Benjamin Bellows, and Captain Peter Pow-\\ners, a Committee to manage the Prudentials for this Society.\\nThese last votes give us a clue to the residences of some of\\nthe grantees. They of coiu se belonged to the towns where no-\\ntices were to be posted. Captain Peter Powers, who was the\\ngrantee of four shares, and the purchaser of foiu of the six sold\\nat auction at the first meeting, and who was one of the Com-\\nmittee to manage the Prudentials, must have been the first set-\\ntler of Hollis, in 1731 one of the soldiers under the cele-\\nbrated Capt. John Love well, who fell in the Indian fight at Pig-\\nAvackett, in 1725.\\nAt a meeting of the grantees August 4, 1752, a formal vote\\nwas passed to accept the title with an acknowledgement that they\\n*NoTK. Lyndoboro inrludiiifi tlio Northerly part of Wilton, was laid\\nout by Massiicluisetts under the claim of that Colony, and irranted to certain\\npersons, mostly belonsiinjj to Salem, in consideration of their sutferings in\\nthe expedition to Canada. The residue of what is Wilton was liranted\\nby the Masonian Proprietors, in 174!). and was called No. 2. Ma.son was\\ncalled No. 1. reterhoro Slip comprised the towns of Temple and Sharon.\\nThis ives us the eneral course of the road.", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "10 JAFFREY CENTEXXIAL.\\nheld it under the conditions, and limitations, and reservations\\nby .some of which there should have been clearings before\\nthat time.\\nCopies of the deed executed by Blanchard, and of the plan\\nand a list of the Proprietors, were filed in the office of the grant-\\nors September 4th, 1753.\\nIt is stated that a settlement was attempted in 1753 by Rich-\\nard Peabody, Moses Stickney and a few others, who remained\\nbut two or three years. The first native was a son of Moses\\nStickney, born in 1753.\\nThe first permanent settlement was made in 1758, by John\\nGrout and John Davidson.\\nThere is in the files a paper containing, First, a list of settlers\\non the free lots to the number of nine families. Second, a list\\nof settlers that abide constantly on settling rights, total 22.\\nThird, some beginnings on settling rights, number 10. Also\\na memorandum, no meeting-house built. This is certified as\\na true account of the settling rights carefully examined and\\nhumbly submitted by John Grout and Roger Gilmore. There\\nis no date to it, nor any memorandum when it was received, but\\npinned to it is a paper signed John Gilmore and Roger Gilmore,\\ndated March 10, 1769, addressed to Gentlemen Grantors, set-\\nting forth, that they bought the right that was Paul ]March s,\\nJanuary, sixty-eight, and the improvements which they have\\nmade and intend, and concluding Gentlemen, we beg the fa-\\nvor of you, as you are men of honor, that you will not hurt us in\\nour interest, for we have done everything in our power to bring\\nforward the settlement of this place.\\nRoger Gilmore is the only one of the earlier settlers that I am\\nsure of having seen. He lived on the hill east of the tannery of\\nJohn Cutter, was a man of large frame, aud dignified deport-\\nment, was highly esteemed, and was much employed as Jus-\\ntice of the Peace, Siuweyor and in town offices and affairs.\\nThere is also on file, an accompt of the settlements in Mo-\\nnadnock No. 2, certified by Enoch Hale, stating the names of\\nthe settlers on the several rights, and the number of the rights,\\n(ten in all), appearing to be delinquent. It is without date, but\\nwas Received March 8th, 1770, and was probably made up", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "JAFFREY CENTENNIAL. 11\\nAvithin a short time pre-s-ioxisly. From this it appears that there\\nwere settlements on thirty-foiu- rights and twelve lots (addition-\\nal as I understand,) improved and that mills were erected on\\nRight 15, and a saw-mill oil 41.\\nAnd here, near the close of its unincorporated existence, let\\nIIS pay a deserved tribute to the enterprise and energy of the\\nearly settlers.\\nStruggling against obstacles that were all but insuperable, and\\nthrough hardships which might \\\\vell have daunted the most de-\\ntermined courage, they have, in a few years, brought the town-\\nship largely above the average of the settlements in the County,\\nand to a position exceeded only by towns of a longer existence,\\nall of which had much greater facilities for access.\\nThe particular obstacles which they encountered, and the de-\\ntails of the hardships which they endured, we cannot know. Of\\ntheir personal deprivations and sufferings, we fail to form an ad-\\nequate conception. It is difficult to gain even a general appre-\\nciation of them.\\nThere are, it is true, only forty miles intervening between the\\nhead-quarters, if we may so call them, at Dunstable, but twenty\\nor more of them are through a nearly trackless, dense forest,\\nover a rough, rocky surface, with occasionally a small natural\\nmeadow.\\nThe pioneers make their slow, painful way, much of it tlii ough\\nthe thick under-brush, the husband with an axe on his should-\\ner, and what he can carry of household appendages in a pack on\\nhis back, and his wife follows, somewhat similarly loaded, ex-\\ncept the axe. Cheap land, within the reach of their scanty\\nmeans, has tempted them to endurance. There may be a young\\nman with them. God be thanked Ave do not see any young\\nchildren. Weary, Avorn in spirit, as avcII as in body, they reach\\nthe range and lot of their destination, and their first shelter is\\nconstructed of hemlock boughs, Avith the same material for a bed-\\nstead, and leaves for a mattress.", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "12 JAFFREY CENTENNIAL.\\nA rude log hut follows. And then comes the hard struggle\\nwith the forest, and with privation, Avith the winter, its deep\\nsnows, and its intense cold. There is no communication with\\nthe outward world but by rackets, (snow-shoes), and pioneers\\nof longer duration are in other towns, miles away. It is not\\nnecessary to put wild beasts into this picture.\\nIs it wonderful that the settlers of 53 found this too great an\\nendurance, even for their braA e hearts, and strong arms, and\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0that they abandoned the settlement, when remaining threatened\\ntheir lives I Or rather is it not wonderfid that they lived to\\nabandon it Sui ely it was not light difficulties which vould de-\\nter persons who had the courage to begin such a Avork, from the\\nprosecution of their pui-pose.\\nBut there is another attempt at settlemcait made under more\\nfavorable auspices.\\nWe may suppose that the fe^v pounds voted to be raised to\\nmake a road from No. 2 have been expended. The underbrush\\nand some of the stones arc cleared away, and trees are blazed\\nalong the route and another small party of settlers start, with\\noxen, not in yokes, but single file, with such loads as they can\\ncarry strapped upon their backs. And there is a cow there.\\nThe small patches of natural meadow furnish food for the ani-\\nmals, and the emigrants arrive Avith better means of establishing\\nthemselves. The trees fall, the logs are drawn, piled, burnt,\\na small space is cleared, a shelter is built, seed is soAvn,\\nand the vegetation, anxiously Avatched and tended, gives a scan-\\nty crop. But sickness comes. Exposure has produced its nat-\\nural result fever is in the household. There is no physi-\\ncian. The medicines are the foAv simple remedies brought in the\\nluggage. Acts of neighborly kindness Avould be cheerfully rend-\\n*The log hut must have been an institution of short duration. So far as\\nI have hfarcl, there is little tradition of log houses in the town. A grist\\nand saw mill were erected in Peterboro as early as I75I. Another saw\\nmill near the place of the South Factory, in 1758. Kev. ,Tohn H. Morison.\\nin his very interesting Address at the Centennial Celebration in Peterboro\\nsays at this period [1770] log huts Avere little used. Substantial frame\\nhouses, many of them two stories high, had been erected. And we have\\nseen, from the return of 1770, that there Avere then two saw mills here.", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "JAFFHEY CEXTENXIAL. 13\\ncred, if thoro were near neighbors, but are of difficnlt procurement\\nin this forest of magnificent distances, and all the hours of at-\\ntendance by the sick bed are so much time withdi awn from what\\nwould otherwise have been essentially necessary for labor and for\\nrest. Alas the kindest care, the unskimbering AV atch, and the\\nft^rvent prayer, are unavailing, and the sufferer, no longer such,\\nis laid to final rest in some quiet corner of the clearing.\\nOut of this darkness comes a brighter dawn. Lumber can be\\nhad. The mills are miles distant, to be sure, and the transpor-\\ntation difficult, but perseverance overcomes obstacles. The\\nroad has been improved. There is a horse upon the path.\\nThe rider has a young child in her lap, and one somewhat older\\nsits behind. Her husband di ives the stock. The way is not\\nso toilsome, there are more articles of housekeeping in the\\nluggage, more of encoui agement, more of hope, more of frui-\\ntion, more of happiness.\\nWe have reached 1770, and there are several families here.\\nThe settlement is established on a fii*m basis.\\nLet us never fail to do justice to the pioneers, men aiic women,\\nwho with such resolute courage, fortitude, patience and perse-\\nverance, established a civilized society in the midst of a trackless\\nAvilderness.\\nWe should do oiu-selves a great wrong, if we did not express\\nour deep admiration of them.\\nIn 1771, the Province was divided into Counties. Prior to\\nthis time all the public offices were in Portsmouth or the vicini-\\nty, and the Courts Avere held there.\\nIn an Act for making a new proportion of public taxes, passed\\nMay 28, 1773, which included unincorporated places. Monad-\\nnock No. 2 is set down at \u00c2\u00a33\u00e2\u0080\u0094 5s in the \u00c2\u00a31000. The propor-\\ntion for C/heshire County, which iintil 1827, included Avhat is\\nnow Sullivan County, was \u00c2\u00a3117\u00e2\u0080\u0094 8s. There were twelve towns\\nin the County rated higher than Jaffi-ey, and seventeen towns and\\nplaces at less. This proportion of the taxation serves to show,\\nin some measure, its relative importance, at that time.", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "14 JAFFKEY CENTENNIAL.\\nThe Masonlan Proprietors had and claimed only a right of\\nproperty. Their title to the land passed by the deed authorized\\nby them, as a deed passes the title to land at the present\\nday but there was no right of town government granted. The\\nprovision for taxing the shares, and collecting the tax, could on-\\nly be made effectual through the laws of the Province. The ju-\\nrisdiction was in the Governor and Council, and the Assembly.\\nThe a rantecs of the lands acted like a corporation for the di-\\nvision and disposition of their lands, and the performance of\\ntheir duties as a Proprietary, but for nothing beyond. When\\nthose things were accomplished, the Proprietary was at an end,\\ndissolved. And this was true also of the townships granted\\nby the Governor, outside of the limits of the Masonian lines,\\nunless incorporated.\\nThere was no provision in the general laws by which an as-\\nsessment could be made upon the inhabitants of unincorporated\\nplaces, for which reason the Act apportioning the public taxes,\\nin 1773, contained a provision appointing persons, who were\\nnamed, to call meetings of the inhabitants of such places, and\\nrequiring the inhabitants at such meetings to choose the necessa-\\nry officers for assessing and collecting the tax, and giving author-\\nity for that piu-pose.\\nAnd so the time had come when the interests of the people\\nrequired corporate powers, of a general character, and on the\\n17th of August, 1773, an Act of Incorporation was granted,\\nnominally by His Majesty, George III, but in fact by the Royal\\nGovernor, John Wentworth, with advice of the Council, the\\ncorporate name being found in the name of one of the Masonian*\\nProprietors, who was then Secretary and J iffietj was installed\\ninto the great brotherhood of political and municipal incorpora-\\ntions, called Towns which have been of such incalculable ben-\\nefit not only to New England, Avhere they originated, and of\\nwhich they are the glory and the pride, but through it to the\\ncountry at large.\\nThe centuries of which we usually speak, date from the com-\\nmencement of the christian era, occasionally from the period", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "JAFFKEY CEXTEyXIAL. 15\\nassigned hy Biblical Theology as the time of the creation of the\\nworld.\\nBut a century may have its beginning at any point of time.\\nThat of Avhich \u00e2\u0096\u00a0\\\\ve now witness the close had its inception with\\nthis incorporation. If the event be supposed to be one of com-\\nparative insignificance, it was one which has had a greater abso-\\nlute force, for the promotion of the happiness of those persons\\ninhabiting within the limits of the toAvai, than any of the greater\\nones which have astonished the Avorlcl.\\nIf we should suspend, for a moment, the consideration of the\\nlocal interests attached to this incorporation, and which entitle\\nit to mark the commencement of a centmy, and its anniver-\\nsary to a grateful recognition and celebration, and shovild tiu n\\nour attention to the general history of the centiu-y which has\\nfollowed, we should find that this century may challenge a com-\\nparison Avith any one which has preceded it, whatever date may\\nbe assigned for the commencement of the latter.\\nBut we must not undertake the centennial history of the Avorld\\nto-day. On om- recollection of it, however, we may surely be\\npardoned if we exclaim, Great has been the century which had\\nits commencement in the incorporation of the town of Jaflfrey\\nThese incorporated towns had their origin in Plymouth, Dux-\\nbui-y, and Scituate, in the Plymouth Colony, followed by\\nCharlestown, Salem and Newton, fsince Cambridge,) and Dor-\\nchester, in Massachusetts, and by Portsmouth, Dover, Exeter,\\nand Hampton, in this state.\\nIt has been suggested that the ToA\\\\ai Organization had its ori-\\ngin in the Congregational Church polity, and in fact the or-\\nganization of the chm-ch, in the earlier settlements of the Pil-\\ngrims and the Puritans, accompanied the organization of the\\ntown.\\nBut the town grew mainly out of the secular need, out of\\nthe democratic principle of self-government, as is shown from\\nthe fact that changes in the modes and forms of worship, and in\\nthe different church organizations, have not affected the Town-\\nships, and the Towns; Whereas Congregationalism had no ex-\\nistence outside of the portions of the country where thesc^ ToA\\\\-n-", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "16 JAFFKEY CEXTEXMAL.\\nships existed. Instead of creating- Townships and Towns, it has\\nnot itself been created to any extent, where they have not\\nexisted. It cannot well exist without them. But they now ex-\\nist in the Western country, w^here Congregationalism has as yet\\nlittle foothold, and but for them it would have been long since\\nmerged in Presbyterianism, which has been the prevailing form\\nof orthodoxv in all parts of the country where these towns have\\nbeen unknown.*\\nConsidering the principles and objects of the emigrants, the\\ntown system may be said to have been a necessity, in the exist-\\ning state of things, in the early settlement of this part of the\\ncountry. It was the only organization by and through which\\nthe settlers could best provide for their wants, and have the full\\nenjoyment of the liberty Avhich they prized so highly; and\\nthey devised it accordingly.\\nThe early settlers of the Plymouth olony discovered, that\\nthe grant of corporate powers to the small separate settlements,\\nand the passage of general laws giving them such power\u00c2\u00a7 and\\nprivileges as would enable them to provide for their local needs,\\nand subjecting them to the performance of such duties as might\\nbe required by the government of the whole Colony, was the\\nbest and fittest way for the transaction of the affairs of the\\ndifferent localities, and they so provided. This conclusion Avas\\nreached, not through any revelation which perfected the system\\nat once, but by degrees, thi-ough their daily and yearly experi-\\nence and the system, inaugm-ated at Plymouth, commended it-\\nself to the Massachusetts Colony, so that it was adopted there\\nat the outset.\\nThe earliest settlements in this State were commenc( d in a\\nslightly different manner, Portsmouth, Dover, and Hampton be-\\ning towns, independent of each other, with separate powers of\\ngovernment, exercised by agreement, without any act of Incorpo-\\nration. But when the government of the Colony of New Hamp-\\nshire was organized, grants of townships were made and towns\\nincorporated.\\nIn this oro;anization of towns, the settlements of New Eng-\\nland differed from those of Virginia, and other Southern States,\\n*See Appendix B.", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "JAFFKEY CENTENNIAT,. 17\\nand to these towns, providing for local wants, and performing\\nlocal duties, NeM England owes much of the prosperity, of which\\nshe has had a reasonahlc share to this day.\\nThe early settlers in this place, like those of other toAvns,\\nwanted religious teachers and institutions. Fhis is shown, not\\nmerely hy the character of mankind, the nature of society, and\\nthe particular character of the parties, but by the provisions in\\nthe grant of the township giving one share for the first settled Min-\\nister, and one for the support of the Ministry, and by the condi-\\ntion requiring that a good convenient meeting-house shoiild be\\nbuilt near the centre within six years.\\nWhatever we may think respecting ourselves, at this later day,\\nwith our more dense population, and our enlarged means, we\\nmay well conclude, that at that period, it was for the benefit of\\nthe civil state, that the institutions of religion should be main-\\ntained through some organization having legal power to provide\\nfor the support of religious teachers. In fact the authority of\\nthe towns to provide for the settlement of ministers and their\\nsupport, remained until 1819, although the efficiency of the law\\nwas much impaired, by religious divisions, at an earlier day.\\nThe clergyman had then no need to spend his summer in Eu-\\nrope, or the Adirondacks. His parish being the town, his\\nparochial visits furnished him with sufficient nuiscular Christian-\\nity for all practical purposes.\\nThey wanted schools, and of course they needed school-houses,\\nand for the erection of these, school districts. The inhabi-\\ntants of the town, with a full understanding of the local needs of\\nall portions of the town, could arrange these districts, the\\npeople of the several districts could then d( t(n-mine the sitiia-\\ntion and the size of the house required, with regard to their ac-\\ncommodation, and pecuniary ability and the tax voted by the\\ntown for th(^ support of schools, being divided in an equitable\\nmanner, could then be api)lied to the purposes of education, in\\nthese districts with the greatest possible efficiency. The poor\\nlittle school houses Avould not make a great shoAv by the side of\\nsome modern structures, l)ut they did a work, perha])s quite as\\nuseful as if the seats had had cushions, aiul the d( sks had been\\nof mahogany.", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "18 JAFFREY CEXTEXNIAL.\\nThey wanted highways. This need of facilities for intercom-\\nmunication, and for intercourse with other portions of the coun-\\ntry, must have impressed itself upon them, by the inconvenien-\\nces which they suffered, in a manner to assure an energetic use\\nof their powers in this respect, and the town incorporation,\\nwith its power to divide into districts for this pui pose, and by\\nthe appropriation of money or labor, to be expended under\\nsurveyors interested to do a good work, soon rendered travel\\nsafe, and even convenient. The great rocks have disappeared,\\none after another, under the persevering application of the high-\\nway tax, until the drives have, as you know, become very at-\\ntractive.\\nThe then existing modes of travel and transportation did not\\nrequii-e roads of the most perfect construction. Chaises had not\\nbeen introduced. The light Dearborn wagon had not been in-\\nvented. The single horse had no difficulty in picking his wav,\\nand by skilful hawing and geeing, the oxen and cart were\\nenabled to avoid the more formidable obstructions. Personal\\ntransportation was mostly on horseback but the cart was made\\nthe carryall when several persons were to be conveyed. The\\nside-saddle fiu-nished a healthful means of locomotion for the\\nAvomen, and when it became necessary to ride double, the pilli-\\non, no longer known alas, formed a very comfortable seat for\\nthe lady. As it was necessary in order to keep the seat proper-\\nly, that she should pass her arm around the side of the gentle-\\nman, this was, in some cases, a very acceptable mode of trans-\\nportation to the junior portion of the community.\\nNo system of general legislation could provide for all these\\nlocal wants and necessities, according to the exigencies of partic-\\nular cases.\\nBut the general laws enabled these small communities, acting\\nas municipal corporations, to provide each for itself, in relation\\nto these and other matters, according to its own views of Avhat\\nit needed, and what it could perform it being premised that it\\nhad needs upon some subjects, to some extent, and must perform\\nto that extent, at least, with liberty to do more, which it usually\\ndid. Thus it must raise a certain amount of money for the sup-", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "JAFFKEY CEXTEXXTAL. 19\\nport of Schools, and might raise more if deemed expedient.\\nThe powers and privileges which the towns possessed were\\nnot talents to be wrapped in a napkin, and buried in the earth,\\nnor did the people belong the class of slothful and unfaithful\\nservants who seek to escape from their duties.\\nThere were other duties and rights attached to these incorpo-\\nrations. The di;ty of supplying the needs of the aged, and in-\\nfirm, and incompetent, who Avere unable to supply themselves\\nso that want and destitution should be alleviated, and starvation\\nunknown, was deemed a common duty of each community,\\nand could best be performed by these incorporations.\\nThrough them, also, the inhabitants were primarily to enjoy\\nsuch political rights as were conceded to the people in the days\\nof the Province, and the more extended and exalted powers\\nwhich were conferred by the acquisition of Independence, the\\norganization of the State, and the adoption of the Constitution\\nof the XTnited States. All the rights of suffrage were to be ex-\\nercised Avithin the town incorporation, the electors being sum-\\nmoned thereto by its warrants for such purposes. Again,\\nthe meetings held for these purposes gave opportunity for the\\nfull consideration and discussion of the measiu-es reqxiired for the\\npublic good, and for the expression of the opinions of the inhab-\\nitants respecting them. How many of the specifications of the\\nDeclaration of Independence originated in the Resolutions of the\\ntowns we cannot now know. Although no trace may be left,\\nwe know that there must have been arguments for and against\\nthe adoption of the Constitution of the United States, when the\\nDelegates were chosen to attend the Convention which ratified\\nit by a small majority, proposing divers amendments, most of\\nwhich Avere adopted immediately afterwards. Some voted against\\nthe ratification, fearing that such amendments Avould not be\\nmade, perhaps so instructed by their constituents.\\nNothing could have been better adapted to the execution of\\nall these purposes than these little Democracies, as DeToc-\\nqueville has called them.\\nThe social privileges connected with the organization must not\\nbe overlooked. It mad(^ the inhabitants of the small tract of t( rri-", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "20 JAFFKKY f ENTEXMAL.\\ntoiy within its limits, a brotherhood, promoting; the welfare of\\neach-Qther and of the whole community, by the meeting-house,\\nthe school-house, and the highway, and in these, and other\\nways, establishing good order, social inter com-se, and a kindly\\nfeeling towards each other.\\nThe Town was the efficient means which secured the prosper-\\nity of the household. The several families, farmers, mechanics,\\nlaborers, and professional persons, needed, for the development\\nof their resources, and the greatest enjoyment of their privileges,\\nsomething beyond their isolated households, something beyond\\neven the mutual support of each other in their various neighbor-\\nhoods, and they found it in the Town. It enlarged, while it\\nconcentrated, their sympathies, formed and moulded their opin-\\nions, and gave expression to their united will. Lastly, the mil-\\nitary company organizations M ere mostly within the Town,\\ntwo Communities sometimes uniting to furnish an extra article\\nin this line. From these companies the ranks of the army have\\nbeen recruited in time of war, being liable to draft if necessary.\\nIn the time of the Revolution, when the ordinary mode of\\nsupplying the army seemed likely to fail, requsitions were made\\nupon the towns to furnish ammunition and provisions, and were\\npromptly answered. They were often the storehouses of am-\\nmunition.\\nIf any one who does not know, wou d seek an exemplification\\nof the utility of the Town incorporations, let him look at Jaffrey\\ntoday, and study her history.\\nAn admirable result of the Town organization was, that the\\nRevolution, which followed almost immediately upon the incor-\\nporation of this Town, did not place the country in a state of\\ndisintegration. The Town organization remained, its efficien-\\ncy necessarily somewhat impaired, but the town officers, having\\nbeen elected by the people, still retained their confidence and\\nsupport. Such powers as could be exercised only in the name\\nof the king, or under the royal authority, were at first suspend-\\ned, and then abrogated but the same powers were immediately\\nexercised under the authority of the people and the towns dur-\\ning all the time served to a great extent the purposes for which\\nthey were established.", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "JAFFKEY CK.NIKNMAI.. I\\nA Revolutionary Convention, called by the C oniniittee of Cor-\\nrespondence, in 1775, recommended that those who had b.-cn\\nchosen into office in the usual manner should, as formerly, bo\\nconsidered the proper officers, and that the town, selectmen and\\nother officers proceed in the usual manner in granting and col-\\nlecting monies, c., unless some particular direction was given;\\nadding this significant paragraph\\nIf any, inimical to their country, or inattentive to the ruin\\n-which nuist ensue upon a contrary conduct, should refuse, we\\ntrust that all the friends of the country will effectually strength-\\nen the hands of the selectmen, constables and collectors.\\nIt is not supposed that any one here by his refusal rendered\\nit necessary, even to hint at a resort to the peculiar strengthen-\\ning plaster, thus indicated.\\nFebruary 13, 1775, the town voted unanimously to visit Mr.\\nWilliams, of Keene, a very extraordinary civility on the face of\\nthe vote. Williams was a lawyer, but the call on him was not\\nfor professional advice. He was a tory, and this unusual dem-\\nonstration had reference to that fact. The further proceedings\\nin relation to the proposed visit are not of record. It is a fair\\npresumption that there was no tory in .laffrey who might be\\nvisited with much less trouble.\\nNo other system could have so well supplied civil govern-\\nment, under such circumstances.\\nIt was more difficult to deal with matters of which the Courts\\nof Justice had jurisdiction. The Courts, on recommendation of\\nthe Convention, adjournt^d.\\nJustices of the Peace could not well issue compulsory process\\nunder the royal authority, in the existing circumstances. The\\ncollection of debts by suits was suspended, and the natural con-\\nsequences were, in one instance at least, exemplified here. In\\nthe files of the Convention of 1775, is a memorial, or represen-\\ntation, addressed to the Honorable Provincial Congress signed\\nby Jethro Bailey, William Tm-ner and Roger Gilmore, Com-\\nmittee of Correspondence, setting forth that Benjamin Nutting\\nof Peterboro Slip, so called, had entered a complaint to them\\nagainst John Davis, .Tunior. of Jafirey, that upon the second day", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "O0\\nJAFFKEY KXTKNMAL.\\nof October, instant, as he came to the house of John Eaton, on\\nsome business, he was assaulted by said Davis, and abused in the\\nmost solem manner, as appears by sundry evidences, that not-\\nwithstanding Davis Avas notified to attend and hear the evidences\\nexamined, he refused, that he had often been requested to\\nsettle the matter, but remained obstinate, and persisted in his\\nvillainy, with insolence.\\nThe Committee enclosed the depositions and earnestlv desired\\nthe Convention to take the matter i.to consideration, and either\\ndetermine it between them, or invest the Committee with a prop-\\ner authority to act, with instructions how to proceed in the case.\\nIt does not appear that any action was taken upon the subject.\\nOn the fifth of January, 17T(), a Form or Plan of C-ivil\\nGovernment was adopted bv a onvention, or ongress, which\\nmet for the purpose, under which the affi\\\\irs of the towus Avere\\nagain transacted in legal form. The Form of Government wa s\\nlimited by its terms to continue during the presL nt unhappy\\nand unnatural contest with Great Britain, but served as a State\\nConstitution for many years, and has been said to be the first State\\n(constitution.\\nThis caused no change in the organization of the Town, or in\\nits proceedings, except that the latter we re now conducted, once\\nmore, under what proved to be a sufficient legal authority.\\nA tV w items in relation to the increase of the population, and\\nthe rate of taxation, may serve to show the comparative progress\\nwith the other towns.\\nThe Convention of 1775, ordered a survey to be made of the\\npeople in the several counties, for the purpose of determining\\nthe ratio of representation in the Assembly, from which it ap-\\npears that Jaffrey had 851 inhabitants. Of thirty towns in the\\nCounty, ten or eleven had a larger number. She had sixteen\\nmen in the army. This is a very strong delegation for such a\\nsmall comuumity, just organized, larger than any of the towns\\nnot having u^^re inhabitants. Keene had 756 inhabitants.\\nChesterfield, AVestmoreland and Richmond a still greater num-\\nber.", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "JAFFKEY CEXTEXNIAL. ~3\\nThe Census, in 1790, gives Jaffrey a population of 1235.\\nThere were then only six towns in the County with a popula-\\ntion greater than this, and these, with the exception of Keene,\\nlay on the South border, or on the Connecticut Eiver, and so\\nwere more easy of access. Keene had 1314 inhabitants.\\nIn 1800 the population was 1341. Eleven towns had a larg-\\ner population, mostly much more favorably sitiiated. Keene\\nhad 164o.\\nBy an Act of the Assembly in 1777, determining the propor-\\ntion of each town for every \u00c2\u00a31000 of the State taxes, Jaffrey s\\nproportion was \u00c2\u00a35-9s.-5d. There were nine towns in the\\nCounty having a greater valuation, that of Keene being \u00c2\u00a310-\\n5s.-9d., twenty-two having less.\\nWhen, in 1780, a requisition was made for a hundi-ed and\\ntwelve thousand Aveight of beef for the army, the proportion of\\nJaffrey was 7326 pounds; the proportion of Keene 11,309.\\nThe same year a ncM proportion of taxes gave Jaffrey \u00c2\u00a36\u00e2\u0080\u0094 10s.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nlOd., Keene \u00c2\u00a310-ls.-lld.\\nAnother proportion in 1789 shows a comparative increase, fa-\\nvorable to the prosperity of Jaffrey, that is, supposing that the\\nduty to pay a larger proportion of taxes indicates in fact a larg-\\ner ability to perform the duty, which probably is not always\\nthe case. Jaffrey is set at \u00c2\u00a37-12s.-5d., Keene \u00c2\u00a39-19s.-6d.\\nAnother proportion in 1794 gave for JafEi-ey \u00c2\u00a37-9s.-8d.,\\nKeene \u00c2\u00a39-14s.-6d. But in this year the valuation of Chester-\\nfield, Walpole and Westmoreland, lying on the Connecticut Riv-\\ner, each exceeded that of Keene.\\nIt is not my purpose to refer in detail to the proceedings of\\nthe town, in the exercise of its rights and the performance of its\\nduties. This is the special province of the futiu-e historian, and\\nto him, whoever he may be, I remit it.\\nBut a few brief notes, having reference to some of the subjects\\nwhich have been mentioned, may find a place upon this occasion.\\nThe first meeting under the act of incorporation was for the\\nchoice of town officers only. It was called by Jonathan Stanley,\\nspecially authorized by the Charter, August 27, 1773, and was\\nheld September 14.", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "24 JAFFREY CENTENNIAL.\\nAifiather meeting was held September 28, to raise money for\\nthe building of roads, and the support of the Gospel.\\nApril 26, 1774, it was voted to build a meeting-house and\\nJuly 6, to build one of larger dimensions, to let the building\\nat public vendue, that it should be raised by the middle of\\nJune next, at the town s cost, Avith se^ eral other votes on the\\nsubject.\\nIt was voted in March 1775, that the Committee to build,\\nprovide all things necessary to raise the house at the cost of the\\ntown. But March 30, 1780, there was a vote to make allow-\\nance to Captain Henry Coffin for the barrel of rum which he\\npaid for, to raise the meeting-house. The Captain it would\\nseem, intervened patriotically, to supplement the deficiency of\\nthe provision made by the Committee, and waited a long time\\nfor reimbursement.\\nThere is a tradition that the meeting-house Avas raised on the\\nday of the battle of Bunker Hill, and that the guns of that bat-\\ntle were heard here. But this must be a mistake. When the\\nmatter is examined, the probabilities are against it. It is hard-\\nly probable that guns fired at Charlestown could be heard here,\\nwith the New Ipswich hills and the forest intervening, even on\\na quiet day, when there was no meeting-house to raise. More-\\nover, the battle was on Satiu day, which was as good a day lor a\\nbattle as any other day, but would hardly be selected as the\\ntime to raise a meeting-house, lest there should be some work\\nremaining which ought to be performed the next day.\\nThe conclusion to be derived from the improbabilities is forti-\\nfied by direct hear say evidence. I received a letter a few days\\nsince from Dr. Jeremiah Spofford, of Groveland, Mass., in Avhich\\nhe says, My father, Jeremiah Spofford, as a master carpenter,\\nframed that church. He was employed to do it by Captain\\nSamuel Adams, whose wife was his sister. Jacob Spofford and\\nJoseph Haskell went up with him, to work on the frame.\\nMy father often related, seventy years ago, that they raised the\\nhouse, and that ending his job, they set out for home the next\\nday, travelling ride and tie, tlii-ee men, with one horse to car-\\nry tools and ease the men in turn that coming down through", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "JAFFIJEV fEXTF.XXlAL. 20\\nTo-vvnseiicl, in the forenoon, they heard the roar of cannon, which\\npro^\u00e2\u0096\u00a0ed to be the cannon of Bunker Hill, and coming over the\\nWcstibrd Hills, in the evening, they saAv the light of Charles-\\ntown bui-ning. Captain Adams was one of the\\ncontractors to build the house, and was a carpenter himself.\\nIt may be objected that unlucky Friday, was as little like-\\nly as Saturday to be selected as the day to begin such a work.\\nBut the explanation seems easy. The town had voted to raise\\nby the middle of June. The contract Avould naturally specify-\\nthat as the time of performance. There would be a desire, and\\ntime enough, for compliance. The fifteenth of June was Thurs-\\ndav. If we suppose that to be the day selected, and that there\\nwas some unfinished work to be done on Friday, to complete\\nthe job, we shall have the carpenters on their homeward wav\\non Satiu-day, in the localities in which Mv. Jeremiah S] offord\\nplaced them.\\nWe may give up the tradition without a sigh. Neither the\\nmeeting-house, nor the battle will suffer by the loss of it.\\nThere was some delay in settling a minister. Several candi-\\ndates were hired. There Avas a vote that young men supplv the\\npulpit and some others indicating that the services of some of\\nthe candidates Avere not quite satisfactory. But June 1st, 1780,\\nit Avas A oted to hear Mr. Caleb Jewett more, if he can be ob-\\ntained; and Se]itember 4th, a vote to concur AAath the church in\\ngiving him a call. Why he did not accept, does not appear.\\nPerhaps from the insufficiency of the salary offered. He avrs, I\\nthink, a graduate of Dartmouth, of 1776, a native of NcAA-bury,\\nMass., and afterAvards settled in Gorham, Maine.\\nIn 1782, they settled the Hev. Laban Ainsworth, a native of\\nWoodstock, Connecticut; a graduate of Dartmouth College in\\n1778.\\nThe first Aote for a salary Avas for \u00c2\u00a370 AA^hile he supplies the\\ndesk, Avhich Avas afterAvards changed to Avhile he remains the\\nminister of the toAvn. Choosing^ Avith deliberation, thev are en-\\ntitled to the credit of haA-iiig abided by their determination.\\nMr. Ainsworth lived to the age of more than a hundred years,\\nofficiated AA-ithoTxt a colleague until 18.32, and remained as", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "26 JAFFKEY CEXTEXXIAL.\\nthe pastor of the church until his death, but his labors were dis-\\ncontinued a few years earlier. As many of you knew him well,\\nI need not speak of his appearance or services. A withered\\nright arm was probably the reason why he did not write his ser-\\nmons. If, as has been said, he sometimes looked up his text on\\nSunday morning, after breakfast, the fact will serve to show his\\nconfidence in his powers of discussion.\\nThe tales respecting the jokes, practical and otherwise, pass-\\ning between him and Father Sprague, are numerous, many of\\nthem probably fictitious. But there was, unquestionably, a suf-\\nficient encounter of wits to lay a good foundation for some of\\nthem.\\nIn the infancy of such a settlement, the difficulties of estab-\\nlishing and maintaining a school or schools would necessarily be\\nvery great. If the means of support had been abundant, the\\nfacilities for the attendance of the scholars must have been quite\\nlimited.\\nThe first appropriation of \u00c2\u00a38 was made April 13, 17 To.\\nSoon we find votes for the division of the money, indicating\\nschools in different parts of the township, then a division in-\\nto districts.\\nThat the interests of education have received full support\\nhere, may be inferred from the fact, that twenty-four young nu n\\nhave graduated at the different colleges. Twenty of them at\\nDartmouth.\\nIt is not surprising that they deemed expenditures upon the\\nroads as of the first importance. Will you think it strange\\nwhen I say that they appropriated much larger sums for high-\\nways than they did for the support of the gospel and the schools\\nWill you be astonished that at their second meeting they voted\\n\u00c2\u00a380, lawful money, to be worked out on the roads, and only \u00c2\u00a3G\\nto procure preaching, and that this disparity increased so that\\nApril 13, 1775, when they voted \u00c2\u00a38 for the school, they again\\nvoted \u00c2\u00a36 for preaching, and \u00c2\u00a3130 for the roads?\\nWe must recollect that the efficiency of theu* maintenance of\\npreaching depended upon theli- first mending their ways.", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "JAFFKEY CENTENNTAL. 27\\nIt mav 1)0 said, that roads lay at the foundation of their pros-\\npcrty, spiritual, as well as temporal. Without roads the settle-\\nment eould not succeed and if that fiiiled, the support of relig-\\nious teaching, and the school failed with it. As the roads were\\nmade better, settlements were encouraged, the ability to support\\nthe institutions of religion was enlarged, and the appropriations\\nwere enlarged a so.\\nIt is with great regret that I refer again to my inability to give\\nsome better account respecting the earliest inhabitants.\\nPerhaps my recollections of a later date may possess some in-\\nterest, and serve Avith those of others, to fill a page of local his-\\ntory.\\nIn the early part of the present Christian century, there was\\nclustered in the vicinity of the meeting-house, Avhich then had\\nno steeple, the house of Rev. Mr. Ainsworth at the Southeast\\ncorner of the Common, Danforth s Tavern, where Cutter s Ho-\\ntel now stands, the store of Joseph Thorndike, Esq., and Da-\\nvid Page s store, on the East side, Cragin s Saddlery Shop on\\nthe Northeast corner, and on the North a large pile of buildings\\nbelonging to Joseph Cutter, Esq., of which only the main dwell-\\ning-house now remains. He kept a tavern, and had very ample\\naccommodations for his customers. He was, I think, much the\\nlargest landholder in the toAvnship, and had an ambition to set-\\ntle each of his numerous sons on a farm, which he accomplished\\nto a great extent. At the Southwest corner of the burying\\nground was a- school-house. East of Danforth s Tavern was his\\nblacksmith s shop. North of which was the dwelling-house of\\nCapt. Samuel Adams.\\nCommencing at the Common, the road to the Northeast, lead-\\ning to Peterboro and to the Southeasterly part of Dublin, passed\\nby a small house on the corner, at the left, no longer there,\\nwhich was occupied at one time by Mr. Cummings, afterwards\\nby Dr. Johnson, and by Jonathan Lufkin, there tui-ning North\\nthe road extended, by the place where the Melville Academy\\nnow stands, less than a quarter of a mile, where it forked, the di-\\nrect road proceeding Northerly towards Dublin, by the houses\\nof Mr. Newton and Thomas French, the Eastorlv fork, which", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "28 JAFFREY CE ;TEXMAL.\\nwas the principal road, running over the hill hy a house occu-\\npied by David Smiley, Esq., Attorney at Law.\\nThis house has gone, and the road over the hill. has gone with\\nit. The more modern route, Northeast, by Mr. John Cutter s\\ntannery, and Easterly of the meadow, entered this old road at\\nthe foot of the hill, on the East.\\nNearly a mile East of the village was the house of Widow\\nBryant.\\nThe road forked a few rods Easterly. On the Northerly\\nbranch, which branched again, lived Samuel Gary, Benjamin\\nLawrence, Deacon Jesse Maynard, Azael GoAving, Moses Stick-\\nney, Samuel Stickney, Silas Pierce, Jacob Jewell, Benj. Frost.\\nProceeding a short distance, the Easterly branch appeared\\nto run into a North and South road, but the Northerly part was\\nthe main road to the Northeast. A few rods to the South was\\nthe house of Alpheus Grosby. In front, that of Asa Sawyer.\\nPursuing the main road, at a distance of about half a mile,\\non the right side, was the house of Lieut. Thomas\\nAdams, which has disappeared. Another was built near,\\non the left side, many years since, occupied by Daniel Emery.\\nNot far beyond, at the place where a road noAv leads\\noff to the East village, there came into this road from the\\nWest a short branch road on which lived Mr. Bates. At\\nthis point came another fork. On the Northerly branch which\\nhas been slightly changed at its commencement, a quarter of a\\nmile brought the traveller to another fork, the Westerly road\\nbeing merely a local branch, terminating at the house soon after\\nowned by Samuel Pierce. On the Easterly or main branch, we\\ncame next to the school-house of the district of my early boy-\\nhood, and in the field some quarter of a mile Southeast was\\nthe house of Ebenezer Burpee.\\nMiss Hitty Brooks was one of the teachers of the summer\\nschool, a most estimable young lady, whose kindness dwells in\\nmy memory. She afterwards married Samuel Pierce.\\nThe old school-house has disappeared, and a few years more\\nwill carry all its memories with it. A few of its inmates at a\\nlater date still remain.", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "JAFFKEY CEXTENNTAL. 29\\nStarting once more upon our way, we find next Avhere Avas\\nthe house of AMiitcomb Powers, at the base of the hill, on the\\nleft. It is no longer there. There was none a little onward,\\nAvhere the residence of my late friend Levi Fisk, Esq., has stood\\nfor many y( ars. On the Northerly branch of a fork of the road\\na few rods further running to Twitchell s mills, in the Easter-\\nly part of Dublin, was the house of his father Thomas Fisk. At\\nthe fork last mentioned Avas formerly the shop of John Pushee,\\nof which nothing but the nuns remained so far back as I can re-\\ncollect. I have the impression it had been burned.\\nThence, pursuing the Easterly branch of the highAvay, next\\ncame the house of my father, who came here from Pepperell in\\n?ilav, 1780, settled in the unbroken forest, and cleared his farm\\nhimself, with such assistance as he coidd obtain. Some of you\\nknow the jilace. I am not aware of the particular inducement\\nwhich led him to settle there. Probably a representation that\\nit was a nice bit of land, dog cheap and cheapness was a\\nconsideration not to be despised.* It proved rough and rocky,\\nand admitted of any amount of hard labor. Twenty-five years\\nof patient, persevering industry had made a difference in the\\nappearance of things. There were rods of stone wall, reqviiring\\nsome knowledge of the mysteries of compound addition, to say\\nhow many. There were cattle and sheep, hay in the barn,\\na patch of flax in the field; and a little Avheel, and a great\\nwheel, and a great loom in the house. f The wood pile, would\\nhave deemed itself neglected if it had not extended a hundred\\nfeet, more and not less, along the wall, with an indefinite\\nbreadth, and a height which no one undertook to measure.\\nThe fire-place in the connnon working-room, received back logs\\ntwo and a half feet in diameter. I am tempted to put on the\\nother half foot, but refrain. From the great brick oven, by the\\nside of fire place, there issued, from time to time, baked pump-\\n*Consideration 2(10 pounds, lawful money. 102 acres of land, part of\\nlot 20 in the lirst range.\\nfGirls hired tlieniselves out to spin. When the cloth was fulled and\\ndressed, the tailoress of the neighborhood came, cut, and made up the\\nclothes. When the hides were tanned, the shoemaker, in his rounds,\\ncame once or twice in the year, and made up a stock of hoots and shoes\\nfor the family, staying perhaps a week foi the purpo.se.", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "^0 JAFFKKY rE\\\\ TE\\\\-:a VT..\\nkills, swA\\\\ as no cooking stove, invented or to ho in -ented, can\\never j5roducc, and there was no watering of the milk.\\nOn winter evenings apples were roasting and sputtering upon\\nthe hearth, and there was a mug of cider there. Checkers\\nand jack-straws were seen o.x asionally, and some card teeth\\nwere set.\\nMy brothers caught minks, and musquash, partridges and\\npickerel, rabbits and woodchucks, and in haying time, I took\\nup bumble bees nests, getting poor pay for my labor.\\nIn order to economise time, I give this brief sketch of a single\\nhousehold, instead of a more elaborate statement which I was\\npreparing respecting farming life generally in the town and\\nin the hope that the personality may be excused, in considera-\\ntion of its brevity. Any one by pursuing things to their natu-\\nral antecedents and conclusions, may judge somewhat of the\\nwhole from these few particulars. Exceptions of course.*\\nHalf a mile onward was the house of the Widow Turner.\\nThe widow relished a joke, and perhaps I may be pardoned for\\ntelling a short story, which she told herself. She had taken her\\ngrist to be ground at the mills of Samuel Twitchell, Esq., the\\nfather of the celebrated surgeon Dr. Amos Twitchell, just with-\\nin the limits of Dublin, riding, of coiu se, upon the top of the\\nbags. The Squu-e who was somewhat of a humorist, had a hired\\nman named White, certainly not beautiful to behold. The wid-\\now s description of what occurred further was in this Avise\\nWhen I got there the Squii e was in the yard, and I said to him,\\nhelp me off my horse. Squire which he did. Then I said to\\nhim, now kiss me Squire; and he turned and called AVhite,\\nWhite, White as if he was calling some great dog, and there\\ncame out of the mill the ugliest lookini^ critter that ever I set\\n*The maDufactures of cotton were those of the household, opf^rated by\\nhand power. Edmund Snow, of Peterboro manufactured hand cards for\\ncotton and woo), punching the holes in the leathers, and preparing the\\nteeth and distiibuting them among Uie ditl erent families in the region\\nround about, to be set bj Ihe ycung people, who in that way put store\\npay in their purse. At the Peterboro Centennial in 1839, my brother\\nIsaac gave some account of his achievements in setting these card teeth.\\nPerhaps it was in this way that he was led to take an interest in the estab-\\nlishment of cotton mauufact\\\\uies in Peterboro and elsewhere.", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": ".TAFFREY CENTEXMAI.. 31\\nmv eyes on, and the Squire said, Come here, White, and kiss\\nthis woman I always keep a man to do that drudgery for me.\\nA short distance farther, at the extreme Northeast corner of\\nthe town, was Samuel Saunders, a very good carpenter as well\\nas a fcirmer. Here the road turned short to the South, and pass-\\ning the house of Elijah Wellman, connected near the line oi Pe-\\nterboro with the Southerly branch, which was left soon after\\npassing Lieut. Adams s. A house has existed South of Well-\\nman s, occupied by Andrew Holmes, but I think of a later date.\\nTurning back to the Southerly branch, and taking the direc-\\ntion to Peterboro there Avas near the fork the house of Roger\\nBrigham. Then came the hoiise of David Sawtell, then Parker\\nMaynard, then Samuel Patrick, then Mr. Snow.\\nSamuel Dakin, Esq., Attorney at Law, who afterwards re-\\nmoved to New Hartford, in the State of New York, purchased\\nland North of Capt. Adams, in the middle of the town, and built\\nthe house now occupied by Dr. Fox, about 1805. My father,\\nhavinar bought a corner lot of Mr. Dakin, erected the house at\\nthe Northerly end of that street, and I became an inmate of the\\nschool-house at the corner of the burying ground. There is a\\nreminiscence of discipline connected with this hoiise. The-rules\\nof the school forbid whispering of course. Having a desire to\\nsay something to a young IMiss who sat near me, I forgot the\\nrule I suppose, and she must have joined in the transgression,\\nfor the eagle eye of the teacher, Miss Maria Blanchard, detect-\\ning this violation of order, we Avere forthAvith sentenced to sit\\neach Avith an arm around the other s neck. I do not give this\\nas an instance of the ordinary discipline. On the contrary it\\nAvas an unusual, as Avell as a cruel punishment, and niay there-\\nfore .be regarded as unconstitutional. But to prcA^ent misappre-\\nhension, I have taken occasion to say, that I have since seen the\\ntime Avhen I should haA c borne such a dispensation with a much\\ngreater degree of philosophy.*\\n\u00e2\u0099\u00a6The school books were Webster s Spelling Book, with a grim frontis-\\npiece, suppostnl to represent that ambitious lexicographer, Webster s\\nThird Tart, American Preceptor, The CoUimbian Orator, Yonng Ladies\\nAccidence, Murray s Grammar, JVIorse s Geography, and Pike s Arithmetic.", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "JAFFREY CENTENNIAL\\nPursuing the road Northwesterly from the school-house, there\\nwas at the foot of the hill, a house occupied by Widow Hale,\\nthen one occupied by Hugh Gragg, and a few rods Westei-ly, at\\nthe junction of the old road running Westerly to Marlboro and\\nthe road running Northerly to Dublin, there was in the corner,\\nthe house of Dr. Adonijah Howe the elder, the beloved physi-\\ncian. He afterwards biiilt a much larger one just North, which\\nyou have known as occupied by Daniel Cutter. The place is\\nnow designated as the Shattuck Farm. Jonathan Gage lived off\\nNortheast from this point, on a private road. A house has since\\nbeen built, farther on the Dublin road, by Joel Cutter, and be-\\nyond this point was another fork, the left hand, running to-\\nwards the mountain, led to the houses of Joseph Cutter, junior,\\nJohn Cutter, second, and -Daniel Cutter who afterwards, occu-\\npied the house built by Dr. Howe.\\nAll thcsj were sons of Joseph Cutter, Esq. A Southerly branch\\nturning off near Joseph Cutter, junior s, led to the houses of Jo-\\nseph Mead, Mr. Brooks, David Cutter and Jacob Hammond.\\nThe principal road, Avhich turned to the right at the fork, led\\nNortherly over the hill to a house owned by Joseph Thorndike,\\nEsq., afterwards by John Conant, Esq., who has made himself\\nwidely and favorably known by his very liberal donations to cli-\\nvers public objects. It is now owned by the president of the\\nday, who speaks for himself.\\nThe travel over the hill has since been diverted to the other\\nbranch, by a slight alteration, in consequence of the modern\\ndiscovery, (especially unknown to Turnpike proprietors in for-\\nmer clays,) that in some cases it is no farther to go around a hill\\nthan it is to go over it, and that the larger load can be drawn on\\nthe level ground. Beyond, on the road to Dublin, were David\\nCorey, Mr. Billiard and Mr. Johnson.\\nOf the other highways in the town, and the persons living\\nupon them, my early recollections are of course less particular.\\nI have a note of most of the inhabitants of the different sections,\\nbut for the location and even the names of many of them, I am\\nindebted to Mr. Ethan Cutter, whose early opportunities for ac-", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "JAFFEEY CEXTEXNIAL. 33\\nquiring a full knowledge of the different localitcs were of the\\nbest, and whose memory of them is of the same character. Were\\nthere no reason but lack of time, I must leave this part of the\\nsubject to others who may be heard today, craving indulgence\\nfor subjoining a few notes respecting the Third New Hampshire\\nTurnpike.\\nThis Turnpike was incorporated in December, 1799, running\\nIrom Bellows Falls, Vermont, to Ashby, Mass., fifty miles, and\\ncost, it was said, fifty thousand dollars. It occupied portions of\\nthe old road in various places, near the mountain, near the\\nmiddle of the town, -and eastward of it. It struck off from\\nthe old road at John Cutter s tannery, and at Spofford s mills,\\nand run by Col. Benjamin Prescott s tavern, in the East part of\\nthe town, and through Tophet SAvamp into New Ipswich.\\nThe three men just named were marked men in their day.\\nMr. John Cutter carried on a large tannery, for that time, and\\nmade it a profitable business, which has since been enlarged.\\nHis children were among my old school-mates, and I am pleased\\nto see some of them with us today. With the exception of\\nJoseph Cutter, Esq., he has probably more representatives in\\ntown than any other of his contemporaries.\\nDeacon Eleazer Spofford, who purchased of Mr. Borland, his\\nfarm and mills, in 1778, was a tall gentleman of a grave de-\\nmeanor, pleasant smile, and a kind heart, I think universally\\nbeloved. He led the singing for very many years. If he had\\nan enemy in the world, that enemy must have been an unrea-\\nsonable man. He lost a young son in the bui-ning of Rev. Mr.\\nAinsworth s house, in 1786. His mills were complete for that\\nday. In the grist mill was a jack, which if it was not the pro-\\ngenitor, was the prototype, of the modern elevator in hotels and\\nstores. It was worked by water power, to carry the wheat, as\\nsoon as ground, to the bolter in the attic. A ride on it, with\\nhis son Luke, then miller, afterwards clergyman, was a treat to\\nthe boys who brought wheat to be ground.*\\n*I)r. Spofford says He had for many years the best flouring mills in\\nthat part of New Hampshire.\\nHe removed to Bradford, Mass., now Groveland, in 1821, and died there\\nin 1828.", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "34 JAFFREY CENTEXXIAT,.\\nA grandson of Deacon SpofFord was Chief Justice of Louisi-\\nana at the time of the breaking out of the rebelHon, and another\\nis now Librarian of the Congressional Library.\\nThere must have been some controversy respecting the loca-\\ntion of the tui npike. In a poetical New Year s Address, sent\\nfrom Parnassus to New Ipswich, soon after, it was said that\\nthe muse could relate,\\nHow Prescott and Merriam made a stand\\nAnd bent the road to suit their laud.\\nBut she did not do it, and I can not.\\nCol. Prescott, as I remember him, was another of the tall\\nmen of Jaffrey, of powerful frame, and an influential man\\nin the town. If any man could bend a turnpike, he might be\\nexpected to do it.\\nThe principal taverns on the turnpike were those of Sweetser\\nin Marlboro Milliken, Danforth and Prescott, in Jaffi-ey,\\nand Merriam and Batchelder in New Ipswich, celebrated hous-\\nes in theu- day.\\nIt was one of the principal thoroughfares from Central Ver-\\nmont to Boston, and the transportation over it in the winter was,\\nof course, quite large, as the route through Rindge was not then\\na great highway. This winter transportation was generally by\\ntwo horse teams, attached to square lumber boxes, so called,\\nloaded on the downward transit principally with pork, grain,\\nbeans, butter, cheese, and other country produce and on their\\nreturn trip with iron, molasses, rum, sugar, codfish, and other\\ngroceries. The chy goods of that day were principally of home\\nmanufacture.\\nOccasionally a severe storm, blocking the roads badly, would\\ncompel these teams to stop at the nearest of the taverns named,\\nwhere the loggerhead was always in the fire in winter, and the\\nlandlord ready to make a good stiflfmug of flip.\\nSome of my auditory may not have heard the name before.\\nIt was concocted of home made beer, well sweetened, a suitable\\nproportion of West India rum, and heated by the loggerhead\\nto a proper temperature. When an egg was beaten in, it was\\ncalled bellows top, partly perhaps from its superior quality.", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "JAFFKEY CEXTEXXIAT,. 35\\nand partly from the greater quantity of white froth that sweHed\\nlip on the top of it.\\nWith ten or fifteen teamsters gathered together by one of\\nthese snow blockades, and a fair allowance of flip, of course the\\nmirth and fun grew fast and furious; and when the storm\\nwas over, and the road began to be broken out the long\\nline of teams, especially those ascending the hills to the West,\\nAvas something to see.\\nThe mail stage between Keene and Boston, for a long time,\\nrun over this road, once a week, twice, daily, except\\nSundays, then a despatch line, called the telegraph,* through\\nin twelve hours, superseded by the Railroad through Fitch-\\nbvu g so that the crack of the stage driver s Avhip and the blast\\nof his horn, no longer echo among the hills.\\nThe wayside inn, for the accommodation of the passing trav-\\neller, has fallen from its high estate, through the introduction of\\nthe railroads and from the same cause, along with the introduc-\\ntion of other beverages, the institution of temperance societies,\\nand the passage of prohibitory laws, the glory of Flip has de-\\nparted, and its name is almost forgotten.\\nThe turnpike was not a source of great profit, and was finally\\nlaid out as a common highway, the towns paying the proprietors\\na moderate sum in damages.\\nThe beautiful and busy village of East Jaffrey, Avith its large\\ncotton factory, and divers other manufactures, its hotel, stores,\\nbank and dwellings, and with a raiboad running thi ough it, is\\ncomparatively of modern creation.\\nA short time since, I summed up my recollections of its peo-\\nple and business, as I first kncAv it Dea. SpofFord, and his\\nmills, Abner Spofibrd, and his blacksmith shop, and Joseph\\nLincoln, and his clothier s shop. William Hodge and his farm\\nconstituted a Northern suburb.\\nI must not omit to mention Amos Fortune. He was born in\\nAfrica, brought to this country as a slave, purchased his free-\\n*This line was established bj Col. French, then of Keene, now of Peter-\\nboro and Col. Shepherd, then of Boston, now of Manchester.", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "36 JAFFKEY CENTENNIAL.\\ndom, purchased and then married his wife, came to this\\nplace in 1781, and lived subsequently about a mile Northeast\\nof Spofford s mills, where he had a small tannery.\\nAt that time any person who had come to dwell within a\\ntown, and been there received and entertained by the space of\\nthi ee months, not having been warned to depart by some person\\nappointed by the selectmen, was reputed an inhabitant, and\\nthe proper charge of the town in case he came to stand in need\\nof relief. This power of warning out was given to the towns\\nthat they might protect themselves against pauperism and in\\nsome towns the selectmen were so careful of the interests of the\\ntown, that they warned all new comers to depart, so zealous,\\nthat in one instance, as I have heard, the town having settled a\\nminister, the selectmen forthwith warned him out.\\nSuch general warnings were not practiced in this town, but\\nFortune was warned out in Sept. 1781, doubtless from an appre-\\nhension that he might become a pauper. Like all other persons\\nsimilarly notified, he disregarded the warning, and he lived here\\nthe remainder of his life. Dying in 1801, without children, at\\nthe age of ninety-one, as stated on his gravestone, (which, as I\\nrecollect him, an active business man, seems to me doubtful at\\nleast,) he by his last will, after a provision for gravestones, an-\\nother for the support of his wife during her life, and a small\\nlegacy to an adopted daughter, empoAvered his executor Deacon\\nSpofford, if there was any remainder of his estate, to give a hand-\\nsome present to the Church of which he was a member, and the\\nremaining part, if any there be, to give as a present for the sup-\\nport of the school in School-House No. 8. The Church re-\\nceived under this bequest in May, 1805, $100, partly expended\\nin the purchase of a communion service, still in their posses-\\nsion and in September, 1809, the Judge of Probate ordered\\n$233.95, the balance in the hands of the executor, to be paid\\nover to the selectmen of Jaffrey, agreeable to a special act of\\nthe legislature of the state of New Hampshire, passed on the\\n15th of June last. This act was passed because no person was\\nmentioned in the will to receive and apply the fund. It is still", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "JAFFEEY CEXTEXXIAL. 37\\nheld by the selectmen in trust for the benefit of the District.\\nWe are aware that these sums represented much larger vahies\\nat that time, than like sums do at the present day.\\nWe have come together, with hearts full of thanksgiving to\\nthe Great Disposer of Events, that He has permitted us to as-\\nsemble here, to commemorate the organization of civil institu-\\ntions and government in our beloved municipal homestead.\\nBut an occasion like this cannot be one of unmixed joy.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Time rolls his ceaseless course.\\nStill it creeps on.\\nEach little moment at another s heels,\\nTill hours, daj S, years and ages are made up,\\nOf such small parts as these, and men look back\\nWorn and bewildered, wondering how it is.\\nWhen in this vale of years I backward look.\\nAnd miss such numbers, numbers too of such,\\nFirmer in health and greener in their age.\\nAnd stricter on their guard, and fitter far\\nTo play Life s subtle game, I scarce believe\\nI still survive.\\nDeath has removed, not only all the early inhabitants, and\\nmany who were familiar with the history of a later date, because\\nprincipal actors therein, but many who, if less conspicuous, were\\nnot less dear to us and we pause a moment to dwell Avith a rev-\\nerential remembrance, with filial affection, with devoted\\nlove, on the memory of those whose animated faces Avould have\\ngreeted us at this time, had they been spared to this day. Alas,\\nfor them, time is no more.\\nThe sum of human joys and human sorrows, which have been\\nfelt within the limits of this town during the past century, can\\nonly be known to Omniscience. The joys have passed, and are\\npassing, with little or no record of their existence. And so of\\nmany, perhaps most, of the sorrows. But there is a parcel of\\nground, of small extent, on the brow of the hill, and adjoining\\nthe Common, which contains records reminding us of the sor-\\nrows of ourselves and others, which are of a more enduring\\ncharacter.", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "38 JAFl HKY CEXTENMAT,.\\nThere rest the remains of my beloved and venerated parents,\\nmy father dying at the age of seventy-eight, and my mother Hv-\\ning until near ninety-seven. Other fathers and mothers, of Hke\\nages, are gathered there, shocks of corn fully ripe, and fit to be\\ngarnered; whom we must moui n, but with the consolation that\\nthey had done their duty in the community, had fought the\\ngood fight, had finished their course, had kept the faith.\\nBut these records tell other tales. Thero repose the husband\\nand father, the wife and mother, who fe!l by the wayside, in the\\nmeridian of life who appeared to have before them years of\\nhappiness and usefulness to themselves and others, upon whont\\nyoung children were dependent, and to whom friends looked for\\ncounsel and for guidance.\\nBrothers and sisters, young men and maidens, who were just\\nentering upon the threshold of existence, with a life of useful-\\nness and honor and prosperity in anticipation, lie there side by\\nside.\\nWhat agonies of grief, suppressed and irrepressible, have rent\\nthe hearts of survivors, as the mournful processions have passed\\nwithin the gate, and consigned the remains of the beloved objects\\nto theii places of final rest.\\nHallowed be the spot where the dust of the century is gath-\\nered together, and around which is clustered a century of the\\ngreatest of human sorrows.\\nWhatever of sadness may be in the retrospect, it is meet that\\nwe should celebrate the hundredth anniversary of an organiza-\\ntion fraught with so much of usefulness to the persons who have\\nlived within its limits.\\nWe are here on a day that marks an era.\\nLet us rejoice that this town incorporation will be continued\\nfor the benefit and advantage of the generations who are advanc-\\ning to its possession.\\nLet us rejoice that w-e may go onward into the new centurv.\\nthough it be to some of us but for a short period, and to none of\\nus to its close and that space is yet granted us to do something,\\nnot only for the comfort and welfare of those who are dear to us,\\nbvit of the community around us.", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "JAl FKEY f ENTENMAI,. 39\\nAnd now, assembled here as the surviving representati\\\\es of\\nthe first centurv of onr incorporation, and standing just within\\nthe threshold of its successor, let us dedicate this new municipal\\ncentury, in Avhich the town and its in-chvellers are to do service\\nfor another hundred ypJii s, to the prosecxition and extension of\\nevery good and beneficent work of its predecessor.\\nI feel assured that you will join with me A^ hen T sav We\\ndedicate it to the promotion of Religion.\\nNot a religion Av^hich leans upon the State for its support, and\\ndepends upon faith without Avorks but that religion AA hich\\nsustains the State by the inculcation of truths AA^hich lie at the\\nfoundation of organized and orderly society, and supports the\\ngoA^ernment by its Avorks. Not that religion Avhich has its great-\\nest regard for forms and ceremonies, and the Avashing of cups\\nand platters but that Avhich sanctifies the heart and purifies the\\nlife. Not that religion, if such there be, which enters into em-\\nbittered controversies about dogmas, and disputes zealously about\\ntrifles; but that religion AA^hich being first pure,, is then peace-\\nable, gentle, easy to be entreated, full of mercy and good fruits\\nand Avhich teaches the loAe of God Avith our Avhole heart, and\\nthe loA e of our neighbor as of ourselves.\\nWe dedicate it to education and sound learning.\\nNot that learning which attempts from metaphysical nothings\\nto make up a unit, the votaries of Avhich, multiplying them-\\nselves bv themseh^es, think that they sum up the infinite, and\\nsomething beyond: but that learning Avhich leads to the belief,\\nin the language of the arithmetical aphorism of Parson Wiggles-\\nAvorth, of Maiden, that\\nNatisrht jovn rl to namrlit can ne er make ansrht.\\nNor fvnlipi s mrike a =iirn.\\nNor finite to the intinite.\\nRv mnltiplvinii eome.\\nNot to that training Avhich leads self-siifficient peo])le to at-\\ntempt to magnify themselves, by multitudes of projects for mak-\\ning a new Avorld difi^erent from, and thus better, than that which\\nGod made but to a system of education AA-hich has due regard\\nto the nature of things, and to the constitution of mankind, and", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "40 JAFFREY CENTENNIAL.\\nthe ends which the Creator mtendecl they should pursue; and\\nwhicli seeks by measures consistent with creation, as it exists,\\nto perform the whole duty Avhich the Creator requires, in the\\nworld as he has made it.\\nNot to that theory of education which proposing that all per-\\nsons should be educated up to the utmost limit of which they are\\ncapable, becomes a practical and mischievous humbug; but to\\nthat theory which shall provide an education of the highest char-\\nacter for all the members of the community, with reference to the\\nneedful discharge of the various employments and duties which\\nmust necessarily exist.\\nNot to that system of education which by raising the stand-\\nard, as it is called, subjects the young to such demands upon\\ntheir intellect, in the time of their immaturity, as to impair if\\nnot destroy the physical powers, and thereby render intellectu-\\nal acquisitions useless but to that system which recognizes the\\nphysical as well as the intellectual, and seeks to develop both\\naccording to their necessities, and this not by subjecting first\\nthe one and then the other to an extraordinaiy strain, but by a\\nmoderation that shall be known in all things.\\nNot to that education which casts odium upon labor, and in-\\nduces young men and women to endeavor to escape from its\\nwholesome, invigorating influences, by a resort to cities for the\\npurpose of begging for a situation, where ease shall lead to pov-\\nerty or which seeks, through political partisanship, for some\\npetty clerkship under Government, leaving the successful incum-\\nbent without occaipation, or the means of an honest livelihood,\\nwhen the office falls into the hands of the next eager aspirant,\\nwho has pushed him from his official stool but that education\\nwhich dignifies labor, and seeks to improve its modes of action,\\nwhich qualifies the recipient to occupy his place in life, whatev-\\ner it may be, and with cheerfulness and alacrity to do the duty\\nwhich the State and the community demand of him.\\nMay I add a constitutional provision.\\nNot to that learning which endangers the compromises of the\\nConstitution by attempts to maintain that the United States were\\na Nation before they were States, and that the Constitution was", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "JAFFRKY CKNTENNIAL. 41\\nformed by that Nation nor that other learning which would\\nmake shipwreck of Constitutional rights and safeguards, by theo-\\nries which sophistically give to the War Powers of the President\\nand Congress a predominance over Constitutional guaranties,\\nbut that learning which accepting the undisputed facts of history,\\narrives at the conclusion that the Constitution Avas adopted by\\nthe several peoples of the different States, whereby the peoples\\nof those States became a Nation for the purposes manifested by\\nit, and that the war powers, designed to preserve, cannot be\\nrightfully exercised to destroy, the liberties of the people.\\nWe dedicate it to Philanthropy and Charity.\\nNot to that philanthropy which consists in words and eschews\\nAvorks not to that charity which, beginning at home, ends in the\\nsame spot nor that charity which does hope things are not\\nquite so bad as they are reported, but is fearful that they may\\nbe worse but to that philanthropy which does the deeds of\\nthe Good Samai itan, and which is open-hearted and open-hand-\\ned within the limits of prudence; and to that charity which\\nsufFereth long and is kind, which envieth not, is not easily pro-\\nvoked, thinketh no evil, hopeth all things, and endureth all\\nthings.\\nWe dedicate it to Ambition.\\nNot that ambition which seeks a seat in Congress by bribery,\\nor any other seat by the petty arts of the partisan politician;\\nbut that ambition described by Lord Mansfield, when he said,\\nI wish popularity, but it is that popularity which folloAvs, not\\nthat which is run after it is that popularity which, sooner or\\nlater, never fails to do justice to the pursuit of nobl( ends by\\nnoble means.\\nWe dedicate it to rational Amusement.\\nNot to the games or pursuits which blunt the conscience, de-\\nprave the habits, enervate the mind, and vitiate the taste but\\nto the recreations which solace from care, stimulate the fancy,\\ndevelop the muscle, sustain the nerves, and give, through so-", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "42 JAFFREY E ;TF NTAL.\\ncial intercourse, a relaxation from toil, a kindly regard for our\\nneighTaors, and courtesy to our associates, Avlicthrr within or\\nwithout the township.\\nWe dedicate it to the wise and just exercise of all the politi-\\ncal and municipal Eights conferred upon the Town and to the\\nfaithful discharge of all corresponding Duties.\\nFinally, as the sum of all, we dedicate it to Human Happi-\\nness, and the Glory of God.\\nAnd may His blessing rest upon it, and hallow it, from its\\ncommencement to its termination.", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "JAFFREY CENTENNIAL. 43\\nA. P P TG ISr D I X -A..\\nNoTE TO PAGE 7. A portioii of JafFrey was included in\\nthe original location of Peterborough.\\nThe township of Peterborough was granted by Massachusetts,\\nto inhabitants of that Colony, with power to the grantees to se-\\nlect the particular location. Under the erroneous supposition\\nthat the line between Massachusetts and New Hampshire was\\nthat claimed by the former, the grantees made their location be-\\nyond the jurisdiction of Massachiisetts, and embraced within their\\nsix miles square a large portion of the valley between the\\nbase of the mountain on the east, (now known as Peterboro\\nmountain), and the Monadnock.\\nWhen it was ascertained that the location was -svithin New\\nHampshire, and fell within the purchase of the Masonian Pro-\\nprietors, .Jos. Blanchard, as their agent, cut off a range and a\\nhalf on the western side, in order to provide for a tier of town-\\nships east of the Monadnock, and the portion thus cut off was\\nincluded in Monadnock Nos. 2 S, (JafFrey and Dublin).\\nThe Masonian Proprietors not only released the residue of the\\ntownship to the grantees under Massachusetts, but gave them,\\nto make up their quantity, a strip of land on the East, of equal\\nextent to that taken off on the West. This however, being on\\nthe eastern mountain, was comparatively worthless. The grant-\\nees of Peterboro in grateful recognition of the kindness of the\\nMasonian Proprietors in confirming so much of their invalid ti-\\ntle, and in giving them an addition to make up their quantity,\\ngave the Proprietors several lots in the township, but they\\ntook care to locate them all in the new addition, on the east\\nEx relatione Dr. Albert Smith.\\nA. p r* E isr r) I X b.\\nNote to Page 1(5. Something more may be said upon this\\nsubject, and as I have no wish to recur to it again, I add here\\nThe compact made on board the Mayflower, which fiu-nished\\nthe foundation of the first Town organization, at Plymouth,", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "44 JAFFREY CENTENNIAL.\\nw^ occasioned, partly by the discontented and mutinous\\nspeeches of some of the strangers on board the ship, and part-\\nly by the reason that such an act by them done, (this their\\ncondition considered) might be as firm as any patent, and in\\nsome respects more sure. The matters which occasioned\\nthe compact had, therefore, no particular relation to the chuixh\\npolity. It recited that they were loyal subjects of King James,\\nthat they had undertaken for the glory of God, and advancement\\nof the Christian faith, and honor of their King and country, a\\nvoyage to plant a Colony, and by it they combined themselves\\ntogether, into a civil body politic, for the better promotion of,\\nthose ends, and by virtue of it, to enact, constitute and frame\\nsuch just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions and of-\\nfices from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and con-\\nvenient for the general good of the Colony.\\nThere is nothing, either in the reasons given for the act, or in\\nthe purposes of the expedition as recited, or in the agreement\\nactually executed, Avhich indicates that it Avas derived from the\\nchurch organization, or which in any way refers to the Con-\\ngregational polity, or to any particular administration of church\\ngovernment, and this, taken with the statements which are con-\\ntained in it, tends to show that the town organization in Ply-\\nmouth, which arose from it, was not even suggested by the cler-\\nical.\\nQuite consistently with this origin of the Town organization,\\nthere mignt have been a different church polity previously, and\\nany church polity which the signers pleased, might have been\\nadopted afterwards. The church polity of the same people,\\nhad, as a matter of coiu se, a similar foundation, that of self-gov-\\nernment, but that fact did not of itself originate or give rise\\nto the civil polity. It only accompanied it, each acting within\\nits own sphere.\\nThis organization of Plymouth became substantially a State,\\nas well as a town. But the State was for the purpose of general\\ngovernment, and did not derive its ideal from the church; and\\nwhen, by reason of the extension of the settlements, other towns\\nwere organized, it was for the purpose of ordering and manag-", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "JAFn?EY CEXTENNIAL. 45\\ning their local affairs, the support of religious teachers, along\\nwith the making and mending of highways, the support of\\nschools, the preservation of the peace, through the instrumen-\\ntality of the constable, and the prevention of of trespass by\\ncattle, through the institution of pounds.\\nThe principle of self-government upon which the original\\nsettlement was founded, and upon which in reference to their\\nlocal affairs, the Towns were afterwards organized, was not on-\\nly a fundamental principle with the emigrants, but Avas a neces-\\nsity under the circumstances attending the emigration. No one\\nhad authority to rule, there were no means of government ex-\\ncept by agreement, or force, and they agreed upon a govern-\\nment for themselves, to be administered by themselves. It must\\nhave been the same if no church had then been organized among\\nthem. The same principle operated in regard to the church.\\nWhen the people broke from the authority of the bishops there\\nwas no authority in ecclesiastical matters, except their own, and\\nthus Congregationalism came into existence.\\nIt may be said, (and it seems to be the only argvvicnt Avhich\\ncan be used in favor of the position), that the principles of the\\nchurches led to this form of government, that the church\\norganization was first, and that the Town coming after, adopted\\nthe same principle of self-government. To this Post hoc, sed\\nvon propter hoc, after, but not hy reason of the chiu ch organ-\\nization, is a sufficient reply. There must be something more\\nthfin this, to sustain the assertion that it was a Congregational\\nChurch meeting, that first suggested the idea of a New England\\nTown meeting.\\nMeetings of subscribers to the Compact made on board the\\nMayflower, grew out of the Compact itself.\\nA i\u00c2\u00bb p E isr 3D I X c.\\nNote to page 30. Attempts to manufacture cotton, by ma-\\nchinery, were made in this country as early as 1787, and in sub-\\nsequent years in that century. The machinery was imperfect\\nand the residts, of course, unsatisfactory. The first mill, in New", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "46 JAFFKEY CENTENNIAL.\\nHaippshire, was established in 1804, in New Ipswich. The first\\ncotton mill in Peterboro was incorporated 1808. It spun and\\nsold yarn, but for years manufactui ed no cloth. For these dates\\nI am indebted to a small volume entitled, Introduction and\\nEarly progress of the cotton manufactxu e in the United States,\\nwritten by Samuel Batchelder, Esq., a native of JafFrey, and\\npublished in 18G3. Prior to the manufactui-e of cloth here, the\\ncheaper cotton cloth, in the market, was a sleasy fabric, manufac-\\ntured in India and England, the latter heavily starched, to\\nconceal its flimsy texture.\\nEnquiries in several directions enable me to add some infor-\\nmation respecting the manufacture of Woollens.\\nIt appears that a mill, a fulHng mill I presume, was erected at\\nRowley, Mass., as early as 1G43, but machinery for carding,\\nspinning, and weaving was of a much later date. Carding ma-\\nchines were introduced into this country about 1794, into\\nNew Ipswich in 1801, and probably soon after into this town.\\nThey had then been known in England twenty or thirty years.\\nSome of the first carding machinery used in this country was\\nshipped from England, as hardware, being exported contrary to\\nthe laws in force there. See Bulletin of Wool Manufacturers,\\nApril-.Iune, 1873, page 193. Article by S. B.\\nT. Clapp, Agt., Pontoosuc Woollen Mill, Pittsfield, Mass.,\\nwrites under date of October 9th, that Arthur Schofield started\\nhis first carding machine there in 1801 that the first broad-\\ncloth made in this country was made by him, in that town, in\\n1^04, and that in 1808 Schofield manufactured thirteen yards\\nof black broadcloth, which was presented to President Madison,\\nfrom which his inaugural suit was made. Fine merino sheep\\nwere introduced about this time into this town, and Schofield\\nAvas able to select wool enough to make this single piece, and\\nPresident Madison was the first President who was inaugui-ated\\nin American broadcloth.\\nAn extended, and very interesting, article on the subject, ap-\\npears in the Boston Commercial Bulletin, of Nov, 15th, (as these\\nsheets are passing through the press), which states that Arthur", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "JAFFREY CENTENNIAL. 47\\nand John Schofield came to this country from England in 1798,\\nand took up their residence in Charlestown, that after look-\\ning around a few weeks they determined to make a start in the\\nmanufacture of wollen cloth by hand, that John built the first\\nmachinery himself, and having completed a hand loom, spin-\\nning jenny. Sec, on the 28th of October he sold the first product\\nof this loom, 2^ yards of broadcloth for \u00c2\u00a310-I6s., and 20\\nyards of mixed broadcloth for \u00c2\u00a312; that they removed to\\nNewburyport in that year, for the purpose of starting a factory\\nwith improved machinery, and built a carding machine, which\\nwas first put together in a room in Lord Timothy Dexter s sta-\\nble, and then operated by hand, for the purpose of showing its\\noperation. I his was in the year 1794, and was the first card-\\ning machine for avooI made in the United States and at this\\nplace were made the first spinning rolls carded by machinery.\\nA factory was started by them, and others, in Byfield, in 1795.\\nA single carding machine and two double ones were placed in it.\\nA coarse kind of flannel called baize was woven. What oth-\\ner cloth was manufactured is not stated.\\nThey established a factory at Montville, in Conn., about 1798.\\nIt appears further that in 1801, Arthur, having removed to\\nPittsfield, had a carding machine there, advertised for wool to\\ncard, and built carding machines for other persons.\\nIt is then stated, The first broadcloth made by Arthur\\nSchofield after his arrival in Pittsfield was in 1804. The cloth\\nwas a gray mixed, and when finished, was shown to difi erent\\nmerchants, and offered for sale but could find no pm-chasers in\\nthe village. A few weeks subsequently, Josiah Bissell, a lead-\\ning merchant in town, made a voyage to New York, for the pui--\\npose of buying goods, and brought home two pieces of Scho-\\nfield s cloths, which was purchased for the foreign article. Scho.\\nfield was sent for to test the quality, and soon exhibited to the\\nmerchant his private marks on tlie same cloth which he had be-\\nfore rejected.\\nThen comes the statement respecting the manufacture of broad-\\ncloth in 1808, which President Madison wore when inauo-urated.\\nConsidering all these statements the reasonable conclusion ap-\\npears to be, that the first broadcloth manufactured in this coun-", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "48 JAFFREY CENTENNIAL.\\ntry was made in 1804, by Arthur Schofield, as stated by Mr.\\nClapp. It seems improbable that the cloth manufactured in\\nCharlestown in 1794 could have been broadcloth.\\nAt the period of which I speak, wool was carded partly by\\nhand, but the carding machines generally turned out the rolls,\\nwhich were spun upon the domestic great wheel, and woven in\\nthe loom, like the cotton, and then fulled and dressed by the\\nclothier.\\nThe great wheel and the loom have disappeared before their\\ngigantic competitors and the linen wheel, which spun the flax,\\nhumble little machine, has gone along with its larger compan-\\nions, although large linen manufactui-es have not succeeded in\\nestablishing themselves here to any great extent. The prepa-\\nration of the ground, the seed and the sowing, the pulling,\\nrotting, breaking, swingling and hatchelling of the flax, with\\nthe spinning and weaving superadded, involved too great an\\namount of labor for a successful competition with the foreign\\nmanufactui-er, as soon as the profit from other branches enabled\\nthe farmer to purchase the foreign article, manufactm-ed where\\nlabor is so much cheaper. Besides, the manufactiu e of cot-\\nton cloth,, by machinery, reduced the cost of that, so that it su-\\nperseded the use of linen, in a very great degree.", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "i\\nI", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS\\n013 9969194\\nf\\nTr\\niJ\\nn(\\\\\\nA\\nyi\\nc r^Zy\\nK\\n3^/^-vi\\nr^^\\ni-0^^^%.\\nj^ :y\\nex", "height": "3436", "width": "1933", "jp2-path": "addressdelivered00parker_0062.jp2"}}