{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3476", "width": "2097", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "nass f- ^=K?-\\nRnnk.M2.A/?g\\nrD\\n^\u00e2\u0080\u0094\u00c2\u00a9-70^", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "(^optribijtiops\\nTD THE\\nJ^istoryof Old Derryfield,\\nBY WILLIAM ELLERY MOORE.\\nPART FIRST.\\nPRICE TWENTY-FIVE CENTS.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "CONTRIBUTIONS JJJlL\\nTO THE (j\\nHISTORY OF DERRYFIELD,\\nNEW HAMPSHIRE.\\nTOPOGRAPHY AND LANDSCAPE\\nAS MODIFIED BY TORRENTS FROM MELTING ICE-FIELDS, TOGETHER\\nWITH SOME ACCOUNT OF EARLY FLOODS AND OTHER\\nLOCAL EVIDENCES OF A GLACIAL EPOCH.\\nBY WILLIAM E. MOORE.\\nA PAPER READ BEFORE THE\\nMANCHESTER HISTORIC ASSOCIATION.\\nPART I.\\nPRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR.\\nPRICE TWENTY-FIVE CENTS.\\n/^9(o", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "Entered according to Act of Congress\\nin the\\nOffice of the Librarian at Washington, D. C.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "CONTRIBUTIONS\\nHISTORY OF DERRYFIELD\\nBY WILLIAM E. MOORE.\\nCHAPTER I.\\nPRELIMINARY LANDMARKS ROCK RIMMON THE PINNACLE MERRI-\\nMACK PISCATAQUOG BLACK BKOOK COHAS MASSABESIC\\nLAKE SPECIAL FEATURES, ETC.\\nTHE conscientious and self-respecting historian will always\\naim at relating not only the truth but the whole truth. His-\\ntories of Derryfield have been written, but none of them began\\nat the beginning. It does not need to be added that very much\\nwas omitted.\\nThe present undertaking will give some account of pre-his-\\ntoric times and will be brought down to date. The whole period\\ncovered embraces more than a thousand centuries how much\\nmore cannot with certainty be computed. In the presence of\\nthis time-problem the wisest are ignorant, since the facts with\\nwhich we have first to deal refer to times so remote as to make\\nancient history a tale of yesterday The story to be related in\\nthese opening chapters relies for evidence upon no witnesses\\nthere were none neither upon myth, kgend or tradition. Our\\nsole authorities are certain eloquent sermons in stones and\\nsundry decipherable books in the running brooks. These,\\nhowever, supply ample and conclusive testimony.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "4 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nAll the available sources of information will be examined, and\\nthe animal, vegetable and mineral creation interrogated. No\\nstone will be left unturned, no field unploughed, no plant or\\nanimal permitted to escape.\\nLANDMARKS.\\nFor the present we defer giving details of the early occupa-\\ntion and settlement of Derryfield and confine our view to some\\nprominent features of its natural scenery and topography. To\\npresent these in intelligent order it will be necessary to broaden\\nour hoiizon to include the entire landscape, from the highlands\\non the east to the mountains rising west of the Merrimack.\\nFrom the river valley the ground ascends rapidly at first, then\\nbroadening into an extensive and nearly level plain, and again\\nmounting abruptly to the height of land in the eastern fore-\\nground. Here the chief elevations are known as Wilson, Bald,\\nand Oak or Heath-Hen hills. From these highlands a magnifi-\\ncent panorama salutes the eye, and as the sun illuminates the\\npicture a thousand points of splendor punctuate the wide and\\nvaried scene.\\nTo the north may be seen Mt. Belknap and the Gilford moun-\\ntains, as well as a portion of the Ossipee and Sandwich groups,\\nwhile with favoring conditions glimpses of the Franconia range\\nmay be seen without a glass. To the northwest is a distinct\\nview of Kearsarge and Ragged mountains, while in Vermont\\nthe distant crest of Ascutney breaks the line of the horizon.\\nWestward and trending south we aie confronted with Crotchet\\nand Temple mountains, dominated by Pack and Grand Monad-\\nnock, the blue lift of Wachuset in Massachusetts closing the\\ngrand sweep as if of a hemisphere.\\nBut these, with others scarcely less conspicuous, form only\\nthe background of the picture, for nearer and in front stand the\\nUncanoonucks and Joe English, flanked by the Dunbarton,\\nMount Vernon and Lyndeborough ridges, while nearer still are\\nthe rounded slopes of Hackett, Shirley, Scribner s, and Yacum", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DEKKVFIELD. 5\\nhills, with a host of lesser eminences completing the details of\\na picturesque landscape, which for quiet and restful beauty is\\nunrivalled in southern New Hampshire.\\nAncient Derr) field included the whole river front, from above\\nthe falls at Amoskeag on the north to below Goffe s falls on the\\nsouth, and the mile-limit to the east crossed the summit of\\nWilson hill.\\nROCK RIMMON.\\nDirectly west of Amoskeag falls, upon a level plateau extend-\\ning from the ancient river terrace, Rock Rimmon lifts its solid\\nshoulder of gneiss above the plain. This rock is an object of\\ngreat interest, attracts many visitors, and offers a most superb\\nview of the Piscataquog and Merrimack valleys. The easterly\\nescarpment is a sheer and inaccessible precipice of one hundred\\nand seventeen feet, the crest reaching an altitude of more than\\nthree hundred feet above the bed of the river.* The summit is\\neasily reached from the western and northern slopes.\\nTHE PINNACLE.\\nEight miles away to the north, on the west bank of the Mer-\\nrimack, is another bald and rocky peak, mounting also from a\\nterrace-plain, rising even higher than its Derr)field rival. Just\\nwest and touching the base of the Pinnacle is a small lake. The\\nwater is very deep, is popularly believed to have no bottom, and\\nin area and contour is said to exactly match the outline of the\\nPinnacle itself. It has been contended that this great mass of\\nrock was lifted bodily from the bed of the lake and the hole\\nafterwards filled with water. When the Pinnacle slides back to\\nits old quarters we may the more reatlily assent to this theory.\\nA substantial observatory hass been erected upon the summit,\\nfrom which exceptionally fine views may be had.\\nThe exact figures, taken from the field-notes of the City En.\u00c2\u00a3;ineer, are as follows Top\\nof rock above city elevation, 296. -!5 feet base above the same level, 179. S3 feet, and about 95\\nfeet above low-water mark at Amoskeag eddy. Extreme height of rock, 116.53", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nTHE MERRIMACK.\\nThis river is now a continuous stream from its sources to the\\nsea, but there is little doubt that the present valley was once\\nfilled with a great chain of lakes, extending from the Winne-\\npesauke on the north to an indeterminate point to the south,\\ncertainly as far as ancient Dunstable. The evidence in support\\nof this view is conclusive and will be considered in detail here-\\nafter. Along the course of the river the ancient terraces form\\na conspicuous feature.\\nTHE PISCATAQUOG.\\nThis river enters the Merrimack on the west bank, some two\\nmiles below Amoskeag falls. The valley extends in a north-\\nwesterly direction, passing to the west of Rock Rimmon. The\\nold terraces on either bank are remarkable.\\nBLACK BROOK.\\nThis considerable water-course has its source in the Dunbar-\\nton hills, twelve miles away, flows southeasterly and enters the\\nMerrimack on the west bank a short distance above Amoskeag\\nfalls. The significent relation of this now somewhat reduced\\nstream to our history will become more apparent as the record\\nproceeds.\\nCOHAS BROOK.\\nAside from a number of inconsiderable brooks and rivulets,\\nthis is the only local water-way remaining unnoticed. It is the\\noutlet of Massabesic lake and enters the Merrimack on the east\\nbank, immediately below Goffe s falls. The foregoing, therefore,\\ncomprise all the principal water systems properly belonging to\\nthe Derryfield map, or which are of importance as relating to\\nour present inquiry.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. 7\\nMASSARESIC.\\nFour miles to the east, and wholly within the bounds of an-\\ncient Chester, this fine body of water lies in a series of bays, so\\njoined by necks and separated by headlands as to include a shore-\\nline of not less than thirty-six miles. From this lake the great\\nmanufacturing city of Manchester derives its water-supply. The\\nMassabesic is dotted with numerous islands and surrounded by\\nhighlands, conspicuous among them being a splendid rocky\\nprbmontory on the Auburn shore, Minot s ledge, and the moun-\\ntain in Chester familiarly known as the Devil s Den. The\\nold water-marks plainly show a much higher lake-level in a not\\nremote period, the water then wholly covering the present high-\\nway and involving the out-lymg meadows and lowlands. Several\\nsmaller ponds are found within the limits of ancient Derryfield,\\nbut none calling for more than passing recognition,\\nSPECIAL FEATURES.\\nOver and above the more prominent landmarks of the terri-\\ntory we have attempted to describe there are in addition a num-\\nber of less conspicuous but even more striking points of interest.\\nChief among these are the following\\n1. The great clay deposits about the Hooksett Pinnacle, and\\nextending north, especially on the east bank of the river.\\n2. The enormous accumulations of sand upon the site of Der-\\nryfield proper.\\n3. The stupendous bulk of water-worn stones and gravel, high\\nabove modern water levels, in ancient terraces and moraines.\\n4. Certain remarkable instances of rock-wear performed by\\npre-historic streams.\\n5. Travelled blocks and rock-fragments transported from dis-\\ntant centres of dispersion.\\n6. Curious survivals of tropical trees and shrubs.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "8 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nThese, with added evidences of the work done by water in\\nanother age, will be considered in the proper place, when it will\\nbe shown that these wonderful monuments now bear mute but\\nunimpeachable testimony to the existence of powerful and long-\\ncontinued currents, flowing in so vast a volume as to make the\\nproudest river of to-day a pla) thing. These propositions, with\\nthe facts referable to them, are as certain as anything in Deut-\\neronomy, but we regret to say there are still otherwise intelli-\\ngent people who refuse to believe them. The Agnostic claims\\nthat he can know nothing, and is aware of it but even such\\nan one is less difficult to convince than he who likewise knows\\nnothing but has no knowledge of it.\\nShould it be desired to prove beyond question that New Eng-\\nland was once the scene of volcanic activity, a piece of Roxbury\\npudding stone would be sufficient. So, in reference to our pres-\\nent purpose, any strip of land in New Hampshire, with hills\\nand valleys and water-courses, will serve for illustration. Such\\na region was Derryfield a territory one mile wide and eight\\nmiles long ranging upon the Menimack, and now the river-\\nfront of Manchester.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER II.\\nTHE A(;E of ice-water GRADUAL DISAPPEAR ANXE OF WATER EARTH\\nMAKES STEAM A WITNESS OR TWO.\\nStated by the best obtainable evidence, this zone of ours has\\npassed through at least one possibly several glacial epochs.\\nWe have now to consider only the last, the effects of whicli are\\nstill to be seen about us on every hand, when sought for with\\nasking eyes.\\nThe gl. .cial and inter-glacial theories, as now understood and\\ngenerally accepted, offer a wondcrlully inviting ficdd for study.\\nNo time will be lost in any discussion of the causes which made\\nnecessary an age of ice, and we shall now simply illustrate our\\nhistory with some pictures showing the action of water, notably\\nof streams proceechng from rapidly melting ice-fields.\\nWe are tempted to record much matter not wholly within the\\nscope of our storv we find it difficult to avoid asking and even\\nattempting some answer to questions which trooj: about and\\nbeset us at every turn, but must be content with a few prelim-\\ninary generalizations.\\nWe may conceive Earth in its desolation, its first-boni naked-\\nness, before desire arose, absolutely without life other than that\\nwhich may have been potential. We then reach a later period in\\nwhich there was indeed life, existing in low forms, maintained\\nwith difficult) intermittent and migratory. Still later we recog-\\nnize a true life-bearing age, in which [jlant-^ and animals inclus-\\nive of man appeared, moved and died.\\nTo the foregoing it seems necessary to add that as there were\\nlife-bearing and non-life-bearing [periods so there were non-life-\\nproducing as well as life )ielding zones. Moreover, that climatic\\nchanges in the same zone rendered it now fit now unfit tor life,\\nand this entirely without reference to elevation and sub.sidence", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "lO CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nor any other so-called cataclysmal operation of the crust of our\\nplanet. We intend to mean that the surface of solid Earth has\\nbeen by turns so blasted with fire, devastated by ice, and deluged\\nwith water, that for long periods of time and large continental\\nareas life ot most sorts was out of the question.\\nOur orthodox friends will observe that we have no wish to\\nignore the flood on the contrary, we insist upon several and\\nas many rainbows as called for.\\nTHE DISAPPEARANCE OF WATER.\\nWe assert with some confidence that there was once much\\nmore water upon the surface of our globe than at present; the\\noceans were larger, the inland waters and streams of greater\\nvolume. Should this position need reinforcement let us admit,\\nas it seems we must, that the earth once nourished no life, either\\nanimal or vegetable, and we have at once nameless millions of\\nfluid tons to be somehow accounted for. Nor can it be claimed\\nthat the atmosphere then and always held moisture in suspen-\\nsion as now, or that absorption by percolation was a process of\\nthe earlier as well as ot the later stages of creation. We are\\nthus brought face to face with a curious problem Without\\nplants or animals, with an atmosphere totally rejecting it and\\nthe earth stubbornly declining to take it in at the pores, what\\nwas the status of water and where its abiding place\\nTHE EARTH MAKES STEAM.\\nNot to be entirely in the dark or beyond our depth, we may\\nhint at the appearance and concede the existence of steam in\\nthe earlier cycles and must give it a place as one of the prime\\nfactors in the complicated processes of evolution, and to this\\nday and hour a powerful agent in its still uncompleted opera-\\ntions, to which it is not our present purpose to refer. Our read-\\ners are expected to comfortably fix upon dates, either as to the\\nappearance or duration of the phenomena described or to be", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DEKRYFIELD. II\\ndescribed in these opening chapters. We say only and stand by\\nby it, that there was fire, water and steam, fume of gas and\\nmolten flood, ice and snow, by turns and altogether, in such\\nhorrible fashion as no new nor old notion of hell can illustrate.\\nIf we seek for evidence, present and eloquent witnesses await\\nour interrogations.\\nLet us first suppose such a state of things as has been hinted\\nat, when there was this preponderating amount of surface water\\nthat following this period, in necessary sequence, the effects of\\nevaporation and condensation succeeded that in simple obedi-\\ndience to cosmical laws milder methods of dissipation of energy\\nwere made possible, and that finally, during a period of intense\\ncold, the whole or nearly the whole maximum mass of water at\\nthis parallel was converted into ice, and we are furnished with\\nat least a tentative theory if not a working hypothesis.\\nOne familiar with the testimony of the rocks and the environ-\\nment of our modern water-systems cannot doubt that something\\nmuch like this did happen that the very zone we now inhabit\\nwas once and probably more than once delivered over to the\\nrigors of an arctic winter. In the light of the highest and best\\nequi[)ped recent scientific authorities no prime fact is more\\nrightfully believed than that a large portion of this now temper-\\nate belt was once deeply covered with ice, and for so vast a\\ncycle that it must have been regarded as perpetual by the people\\nof that age, if people there were.\\nA WITNESS OR TWO.\\nAgain without pausing to discuss the causes which brought\\nabout this condition, and not even considering the possibility of\\nits recurrence, it assuredly follows that such an age of ice could\\nnot and did not come and go without leaving its mark.\\nDuring a long and busy life Prof. Agassiz accumulated a vast\\namount of information as to the agency of glacial action in pro-\\nducing geological effects. A student of glaciers for forty years,", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "12 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nand growing up in a glacial region, he was familiar with their\\nphenomena. He says As soon as geologists have learned\\nto appreciate the extent to which our globe has been covered\\nand fashioned by ice, they may be less inclined to advocate\\nchanges of level between land and sea, whenever they meet with\\nthe evidence of the action of water.\\nCharpentier speaks of perpetual snow-sheets and glaciers\\nreaching the sea, as far down as the middle of the present tem-\\nperate zone. Prt)f. Gunning characterizes the New England\\nice-sheet as colossal. Prof. Newbury, of Columbia College, in\\na review of the evidence, reaches this conclusion The glac-\\niers and snow-fields of Greenland stretched continuously down\\nthe Atlantic coast, to and below New York. The\\nhighlands of New England were com])letely covered and pr(jba-\\nbly deejily buried in sheets of ice and snow. Prof. Dana says\\nthe ice-sheet was semi-continental, and adds: The height\\nto which scratches and di ift occur about the White Mountains\\nprox es tiiat ihe upper .surf. ice of the ice in that region was 6, GOO\\nor 6.500 feet in heigl.t, and hence that the ice was not less than\\n5,000 teet in thickness over the whole of that pait of northern\\nNew England. P^icts also show that the surface height in south-\\nwestern Massachusetts was at least 2,800 feet, in southern Con-\\nnecticut 1,000 feet or more. He again remarks that the\\ncontinent underwent great modifications in the featiu es of the\\nsurface thiough the agency of ice, and points out in great\\ndetail the effects produced by glacial torrents.\\nIt would be easy to multiply authorities, but since they can\\nbe consulted by questioners and (.loubters we will not forestall\\ntheir studies. We assume, then, tiiat there is no one prime\\nfact in the [last annals of our planet better proved than that of\\nan age of continental glaciers. Evidence of this is increasingly\\nconvincing and ma\\\\- be found for the seeking upon nearly every\\nsquare yard of the hillsides and valleys of New England.\\nMankind are j^rone to treat with indifference that which is\\ncommon, and the familiar aspect of our lakes and rivci s, even of", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE I3\\nthe sea, provoke in us no commensurate idea of the stupendous\\nforce vvliich water is capable of exertin_o^.\\nTwo hundred and odd years a j:o the earhcst printed descrip-\\ntion of Niagara was given to the world by Father Hennepin.\\nHis account of this vast and pi-odigious cadence of water is\\na mixture of childish exaggeration and sober truth. But the\\nsublimity ot this great cataract, which discharges the enormous\\nvolume of eighteen million cubic feet of water every second,\\nneeds not the aid ot description. About 9,800 cubic miles of\\nfresh water nearly half the quantity on the entire globe are\\nin the upper lakes, and all the water from these huge reservoirs\\nmakes the circuit of the falls, the St. Lawrence, the ocean,\\nvapor, rain, and a retuin to the kikes in a little more than a\\ncentury and a half.\\nBut how shrinks this brief cycle of time and how fade the out-\\nlines of the scene wdien in imagination we stand beside the\\ngigantic operations of the past. What some of those operations\\nwere let Mr. Cla ence King tell in his own words. In alluding\\nto volcanic activities he speaks of what was once a world-wide\\nand immense exhibition of telluric energy distortions\\nof the crust, deludes of molten stone, emissions of mineral dust,\\nheated waters and noxious gases, and asserts that modern vol-\\ncanic phenomena are insignificant when com|)ared with the\\nguhs of molten matter which were thrown U[:) in the great mas-\\nsive eruptions of the past.\\nHe adds Of climatic catastrojjhes we have the record of\\nat least one and in reference to a glacial period he sets forth\\nthe destructive effects of the invasion of our latitude bv polar\\nice, and the devastating power of the floods which were charac-\\nteristic of its recession. He contends that the modern rivers\\nare mere echoes of their parent streams in the early quai ternary\\nage and utterly incaj^able, even with infinite time, to perform\\nthe work of glacial torrents. Citing the wonderful canons of\\nthe Cordilleras, he sa)S they could never have been carved by\\nthe pigmy rivers of this climate to the end of time. In view", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "i4 HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD.\\nof all the ascertainable facts, Mr. King believes they present\\nperfectly overwhelming evidence that the general deposition\\nof aerial water, as compared either with the phenomena of the\\nimmediately preceding period or with our own succeeding con-\\ndition, constituted an age of water-catastrophe whose destructive\\npower we only now begin distantly to suspect.\\nWe have thus briefly cited the few foregoing authorities, in\\norder to reinforce and fortify our interpretation of certain local\\nphenomena, and to the end that our theories may not wilfully\\nbe divorced from fact. To the mathematician, the geologist,\\nthe astronomer to those who walk without stumbling in the\\nwide ways leading to the sun we leave the task of explanation.\\nWe call to our support at this point but one other authority,\\nand quote from the works o.f Prof. Hitchcock, whose researches\\nin the very field of our inquiry are precisely in point and entitle\\nhim to a hearing. He says The evidence is clear of the pas-\\nsage of the ice-sheet over all the higher New England summits.\\nThe facts illustrating this statement may be found in the geo-\\nlogical reports for IMaine, New Hampshire, Vermont and Mas-\\nsachusetts for example as to Katahdin, the White Mountains,\\nthe Green Mountains, and for Greylock in the state last named.\\nThese reports are easily accessible. Prof. Hitchcock describes\\nin detail the moraines and the upper and lower till, and of the\\nformer he says: The capping of the hill is loose, the frag-\\nments are rough, not far removed from their source, commonly\\nlying naturally. He concludes that these materials were held\\nin the ice at the time of its melting. He also refers to exten-\\nsive sloping plains of gravel and sand, deposited by streams\\nfrom melting ice acting upon the moraine. He concludes by\\nremarking that the numerous kames, elevated sand plains and\\nriver terraces came into existence with the copious floods of\\nwater resulting from the dissolution of the ice. The history of\\nthe ice-age is incomplete without a discussion of the events\\noccurring m this great continental freshet.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. 1 5\\nOur own century beholds Earth, as if newly-awakened from\\na dream draped in beautiful orarments, she has striven to hide\\nthe scars of her terrific struggle for life. Time has obliterated\\nmuch but there still remain records of an age that is past, and\\nthe clear eye of science the vision of him who seeks to know\\nmay still see the ancient ice-cap moving majestically over the\\nspruce and fir-clad hills of our own horthland.\\nIn the tremor of forgotten earthquakes and the outburst of\\ncrater fires in the fall of dew and the music of rain in waiting\\nflakes of snow or crystals of frost in the quiet creep of glaciers\\nor the rush of enfranchised waters we recognize the play of the\\nold terrestrial forces by which the frame-work of our Earth has\\nbeen evolved.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER III.\\nCONXERNING EARLY FLOODS.\\nThere is at this flay no excuse for descendants of our Derry-\\nfield ancestors not knowing that a literal river of ice once flowed\\ndown the now peaceful valley of the Merrimack. Its direction,\\nvolume and extent are mapped upon their rock-wiinkled home-\\nsteads. It crawled southward, grinding- along at the rate of\\na foot a week a mile in a century. It at some time halted,\\nfor how long we may oidy guess, and then began the terrible\\nretreat. The rate of recession is not so well determined, but\\nwas without doubt comparatively rap d, though probably arrested\\nat various stages and for undefined periods. To judge from the\\nwide-s|ircad havoc to which this near section has been subjected\\ntiiere must have been a halt near us. We know since we\\nstand upon the scene of the event that from the foot of this\\nretreating, melting glacier, poured frightful down-rushes of tur-\\nbid water, by whose action the landscape acquired its present\\ncharacteristic leatures, and by which the suiface materials of\\nthis region have been so strangely sifted and assorted.\\nThe touii.stof to-day who shall stand beside the source of the\\nArveiron, who drinks in the sublime view at the foot of the\\nglacier he wlio beholds this marvel, glorious with icy portico,\\nfacade and pyramid, who hears at night the scornful roar of the\\nAlpine flood, may peradventure frame some dim conce[jtion of\\nenergies which seem to know no yesteiday nor morrow. But\\ngreater things than these, which promised to flow forever, have\\npassed away.\\nLet us come nearer home. Passing westward from the river\\nlet us climb the isolated ridge of Rock Rimmon if, indeed, it\\nbe not also submerged and from that point observe. To the\\nwest and trending northerly lies the valley of the Piscataquog", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. 1/\\nto the east front, ranging north and south, the valley of the\\nMerrimack, and between these the lesser valley of Black Brook.\\nFrom the point of time we have chosen a matter of seventy\\nor eighty thousand years ago these little resemble the peace-\\nful landscapes with which we are now acquainted.\\nThree powerful, ice-fed streams, terrible in their energy, are\\nforcing their way southward, carving channels as they move\\nbursting their banks, assaulting rocky barriers, raging, roaring,\\neroding with counter and cross-currents, eddies, whirlpools,\\nhorrible, precipitous narrows, and tremendous rapids, forerun-\\nners of still more tremendous cataracts. Borne along and\\nwhirled hither and yon in the midst of these frightful torrents\\nwe see indistinguishable masses of debris and angular blocks of\\nfrozen clay, with an interminable procession of rifted fragments\\nof inland icebergs, accompanied with stones and rocks of differ-\\ning dimensions, from the pebble to the bowlder. Add to this\\nthe gloom of a cloudy sky, the ceaseless fall of rain, the riot of\\nwinds, the song of the tempest. Try to picture the indescriba-\\nble, continuous rush and turmoil of the elements, the intermit-\\ntent thunder of the pounding ice and bowlders, then turn to the\\nshrunken rivers of to-day.\\nThe figures of the transporting power of water are startling.\\nWe know the force is as the sixth power of the velocity that\\nis, by doubling the rate we increase the power sixty four times.\\nTo give concrete examples A stream running at the rate of\\nthree inches per second will wear away fine, tough clay with\\na velocity of thirty-six inches per second the current will remove\\nangular fragments of rock from two to three inches in diameter.\\nThe latter rate is quite moderate a little more than two miles\\nan hour and presents but a picture in little of the rapidity of\\nour earlier floods. We have taken no account of the influence\\nof gravity operating on descending slopes, and we may also call\\nto mind the fact that rocks lose nearly one-third of their weight\\nin water.\\n2", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "10 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nLet US now inquire in a general way what we find to be the\\nenvironment of our typical New England river. At its sources\\nwe usually discover great rock masses, detached from the cliffs\\nof the mountains. Along the course of the precipitous, tum-\\nbling torrent the trout-water of the sportsman we find im-\\nmense bowlders, more or less carved and water-worn, their angu-\\nlar projections rounded, their bulk diminished and lessened as\\nthey course down the rough miles of attrition. At the foot of\\nthe descent we shall find aggregations of smaller bowlders, with\\ncobble-stones and pepples. He who wades and follows, rod in\\nhand, the bed of one of these mountain tributaries may step\\nconfidently from one stone to another and find firm footing, rare-\\nly meeting one that turns under his tread. The reason is as\\nsimple as it is significant, for each of these detached rocks has\\nbeen many times rolled over and wrenched from its lodgment\\nuntil it has at length found the groove that fits and holds it.\\nWhere two mountain streams unite we shall generally find a\\ntongue of land, or rather a delta of stone, usually symmetrical\\nin form and built of assorted layers of stones and pebbles, seem-\\ningly put together with the discrimination of design. These\\nshining, parti-colored beds are the bowlders in miniature. Still\\nlower we find the smaller pebbles, gravels of varying fineness,\\nthen sand, and last of all mud or silt.\\nWe can never view a bank of earth, laid bare by accident or\\ndesign, exhibiting its curiously stratified layers, without refer-\\nring to this sorting and sifting process, this violent picking and\\nchoosing of torrents, while we stand in wonder at the delicate\\nthreads of deposition laid almost tenderly in place by succeeding\\nquiet waters.\\nWe have space merely to mention other tremendous agencies\\nwhich have contributed to the landscape some of its most rugged\\nfeatures. We can only now hint at the ruin caused by streams\\ndammed by drifting ice, or by the accumulation of more perman-\\nent obstacles, but there should not be left out of account the", "height": "3320", "width": "1972", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. I9\\nmore terrible effects of land-slides choking the mountain gorges\\nuntil the gathering waters burst the mighty barriers, carrying\\neverything before them. That almost inconceivable havoc was\\nnot infrequently caused by these agencies our torn and ravaged\\nplains attest. The White Mountains afford evidence of ancient\\nland slides in many places. The Willey slide, though not large,\\nbecame widely known from the loss of life which accompanied\\nit. The great slide in VVaterville was the most extensive ever\\nknown in this region. An immense mass of loosened earth and\\nrock was precipitated to the valley from the steep western slope\\nof Tri-Pyramid mountain, the material covering acres in extent\\nand reaching as far as Mad river. The writer has personally\\nvisited and examined the scene of this great land-slip. Within\\nquite recent years a considerable slide occurred on Cherry moun-\\ntain, to which excursion trains were run to enable the curious to\\nwitness the unaccustomed sight.\\nBut by far the most striking and picturesque slide ever occur-\\nring in New Hampshire took place in the town of Albany, in\\nthe county of Carroll, only a few years since. The north side\\nof Passaconaway mountain was cleft from peak to base, laying\\nbare the solid granite bed for the entire distance. The slide is\\nnarrow at the top, gradually widening as it descends and comes\\ndown in a straight line until the foot-hills are encountered.\\nHere the mass was sharply deflected to the west and forced in-\\nto the valley of Downs s brook. The north slope of Passacona-\\nway is uncommonly steep and is densely wooded to the summit.\\nBut every tree and rock, inclusive of every inch of the soil, was\\ncarried down, leaving the very core of the mountain as clean as\\nif swept with a new broom. The brook-valley was completely\\nchoked up with earth and stones piled with trees in inextricable\\nconfusion, rising many feet in height, and for nearly three miles\\nthe banks of the stream were lined with the blackened trunks\\nof great firs and spruces. The water rose incredibly and finally\\nforced its way through, but a splendid trout stream was ruined.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "20 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nThe event occurred in the night and had no witnesses, but its\\nhorrible rumble and grinding roar shook the earth and was dis-\\ntinctly heard and felt by the inmates of houses more than five\\nmiles distant. Passaconaway signifying Child of the Bear\\nrises to a height of more than four thousand feet and is the high-\\nest summit of the Sandwich range. The writer has repeatedly\\nvisited the locality and made himself familiar with the scene by\\nclimbing for a prudent distance up the slippery bed of this huge\\nbut unworked quarry. Viewed from the Swift river valley, com-\\nmonly known as the Great Interval, at a distance of some\\nfour miles by an air-line, the picture is magnificent. The great\\nrock-floor appears as steep as the sides of a church roof, but the\\nfeat of climbing it has been successfully accomplished, and what\\nis more astonishing and apparently incredible, several persons\\nhave ascended the summit by way of the Kirch Intervale Trail\\non the south or Tamworth side, and safely walked down the\\nslide to the foot. It is well that they walked to run would be\\nfatal, for once running there could be no stopping, and an at-\\ntempt to put on the brake by lying down would be simply a\\nchanged mode of motion, as one would get about two miles of\\nroll, with an accompaniment of bumps better imagined than de-\\nscribed. In the exercise of an instinct quite common to many\\nof us, we have quite decided to go down in a sitting posture, with\\na series of short hitches, which may consume time but will con-\\ntribute to our peace of mind. A number of ladies have climbed\\nPassaconaway, but none have made use of the rock-toboggan.\\nThis is reserved for the new woman.\\nFlowing from the east flank of Tri-Pyramid mountain and en-\\ntering the Swift river a mile or more west of the base of Passa-\\nconaway is Sabbaday brook. Two miles from its mouth may\\nbe seen the finest waterfall in the White Mountains. It is a\\nright-angled fall, the first plunge being to the north, the second\\nto the east. At the foot of the upper fall is a large, bowl-shaped\\nbasin, some twelve feet in diameter. At the foot of the lower", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. 21\\nfall is another basin, and leading from it is a deep flume cut in\\nsolid trap rock. In the white, rushing foam of this flume, in the\\nsummer of 1873, the writer caught his first genuine rainbow\\ntrout. The surroundings of this waterfall add a gloomy gran-\\ndeur to the scene. The deep gorge is enclosed by vertical walls\\nof trap rock, the ascent to the top being up a natural stone stair-\\nway, the steps as sharply defined as if cut with a chisel. Some\\nmiles further up, the stream has been overwhelmed by extensive\\nland-slides and for a mile or more is entirely buried. The two\\nbrooks referred to are mountain streams of the first order, with\\nwide valleys and free water-courses, averaging from two to three\\nrods in width, and flowing, the first for a distance of six and the\\nsecond for more than ten miles of winding water.\\nThe above, with many other features of great interest in this\\nNew Hampshire garden of the gods are little known, owing\\nto remoteness of situation and difificulty of access, the distance\\nfrom the nearest railway at Conway Corner being fifteen miles\\nthe entrance between the frowning walls of Moat mountain and\\nthe peak of Chocorua. There is but one road by which to enter\\nor return, and if one seeks a shorter way he must climb over\\nthe enclosing mountains. But woe to him who loses the trail,\\nfor there are thousands of acres of timber blown flat by hurri-\\ncanes, the passage of which is next to impossible.\\nThe foregoing, although removed from the immediate sur-\\nroundings of our story, is given in cumulative support of what\\nhas gone before, and as furnishing striking instances of the pow-\\nerful forces still reserved by nature.\\nWe shall not fail to find along the Merrimack valley at every\\nmile of its course just what we might expect to find, in the light\\nof the previous considerations. To localize the inquiry, we may\\nnow see both above and below Amoskeag falls, notably on the\\nwest bank, vast mounds of water-worn and water-borne deposits,\\nconsisting of sand, gravel and cobble-stones, the latter ranging\\nfrom a few inches to a foot or more in diameter, and as various", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "22 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nin composition as in size. These accumulations lie many feet\\nabove any high water mark of which record or memory remains.\\nTo be reckoned in millions of tons, they lie where they were left\\nof old in the rocky peninsulas between the floods. We may find\\nthem at greater or less elevations, alternating with deposits of\\nsand, earth or clay, now presenting beautiful banks with differ-\\ning colored strata, or again in a rude aggregation of unassorted\\ndrift. Wherever found, and whether near or remote from exist-\\ning water-courses, from which many of them are far removed,\\nthese terrace-like elevations tell us of the waters that brought\\nthem there,\\nA mile south of Rock Rimmon, passing over an elevated sand-\\nplain, one comes suddenly to the brink of high bluffs, which as\\nsurely once looked upon a lake below them as Boar s Head looks\\nupon the sea. The height, the waving contour-line following\\nthe shores of bays and inlets, the sunken river beds beyond and\\nthe shoals stretching between, all testify to the occupation and\\nconquest of water in that sub-glacial era, of which so little is\\nknown, but concerning which so much still remains in records\\nawaiting research and interpretation.\\nWe know in a half-thinking way that a great city occupying\\nthe site of ancient Derryfield is built upon sand. How came it\\nhere To this there can be but one answer It was made in\\nthe first instance and fetched here by water, however much it\\nmay have since been tossed about by the wind or shovelled about\\nby man. In a similar mood we carelessly tread beneath our feet\\nin the concrete foundations of our public walks the stones worn\\nsmooth in the beds of the elder floods. Our forests grow, our\\nharvests thrive upon soil leached and filched from the moun-\\ntains, while the very walls that give us shelter are built of clay\\nground in the glacial mills and precipitated in the still waters\\nof glacial lakes.\\nWith the approach of summer the thoroughfares to the White\\nHills will be thronged with pilgrims. In the ceaseless but un-", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD, 23\\nrecognized work carried on in the laboratories of nature, asking\\nonly time and patience, how many inconceivable changes have\\nbeen already wrought. Time and patience given these what\\nwonders have been achieved in the brief span of human effort\\nwith these, nature will continue to supplement her tireless work\\nuntil the hills that remain shall follow those which have gone\\nbefore. Slowly but surely water is performing its allotted work\\nthe rivers are removing mountains.\\nLet no false conclusions be drawn from the record, and no\\ntheory of unmixed evil be too hastily reached. Nature knows\\nno wrath. Earth, rent and torn in its early struggle with titanic\\nforces, succeeded to a period of rest and preparation. The\\nordeal through which she passed was not beyond the measure\\nof her endurance, the baptism of water and fire was a consecra-\\ntion to a nobler use. Nothing is sweeter than the memory of\\nhardship and privations passed our planet shivered in a wintry\\nnight, with rattle of driving sleet, a season of frowning skies,\\na burden of icy sheets and snow-piled plains but in the infinite\\nreaches of time, healed and pacified, there came a spring of\\ngrace and glory, a summer of fruitful seed, a harvest of plv^nty.\\nSo, from the womb of appalling danger, has been begotten the\\nlast inheritance life.\\nIn the menacing roar of the thunderous fall, in the rainbow\\nof its mist, and in the sea that swallows all, we seem to behold\\na glorious trinity of Power, Law and Order we bow reverently\\nbefore the majesty of that Creative Will which walked in dark-\\nness upon the face of the primeval deep, which brooded upon\\nthe face of the waters.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "[A succeeding paper is in preparation, which will deal with\\nadded evidences and consider other effects of the epoch under\\ndiscussion in the foregoing pages. It will form part second of\\nthe series and will be paged continuously from the present num-\\nber. Among the topics reserved for discussion are The Sand\\nArea, the Great Clay Beds, Pot Holes and Rock Wear,\\nthe Devil s Pulpit, etc.]", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "5o9tribtJtio98\\nTO THE\\nJ^istoryof Old Derryfield,\\nBY WILLIAM ELLERY MOORE.\\nPART SECOND.\\nPRICE TWENTY-FIVE CENTS.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "CONTRIBUTIONS\\nTO THE\\nHISTORY OF DERRYFIELD,\\nNEW HAMPSHIRE.\\nSOME SPECIAL LOCAL FEATURES\\nAS PRODUCED BY TORRENTS FROM MELTING ICE-FIELDS, TOGETHER\\nWITH A FURTHER ACCOUNT OF EARLY FLOODS AND OTHER\\nALLIED EVIDENCES OF A GLACIAL EPOCH.\\nBY WILLIAM E. MOORE.\\nA. PAPER READ BEFORE THE\\nMANCHESTER HISTORIC ASSOCIATION.\\nPART II.\\nPRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR.\\nPRICE TWENTY-FIVE CENTS.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "Entered according to Act of Congress\\nIn the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington,\\nDistrict of Columbia.\\n1897.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "CONTRIBUTIONS\\nHISTORY OF DERRYFIELD,\\nBY WILLIAM E. MOORE.\\nCHAPTER IV.\\nROCKS IN PLACE BOWLDERS THE SAND AREA THE GREAT CLAY BEDS\\nVEGETABLE SURVIVALS RHODODENDRON SWAMP POT HOLES\\nAND ROCK WEAR, ETC.\\nEvidences of a former period of volcanic activity in this imme-\\ndiate section are not wholly wanting, but it may be said roundly\\nthat there is no such evidence manifesting itself to the untrain-\\ned eye. We have no volcanic cones, no active or even extinct\\ncraters, and no lava beds. Aside from the presence of altered\\nor metamorphic rock, and occasional trap dikes, we are aware of\\nno plutonic material in the region we have described.\\nThe rocks in place within a radius of ten miles, an area extend-\\ning from the mountains on the west to beyond the water-shed\\nline upon the east consist generally of mica-schist, gneiss and\\ngranite, with the usual variety of quartzites. The principal\\nbeds in Derryfield proper are composed of gneiss, or bastard\\ngranite, and fine specimens of this archsean rock may be seen in\\nthe pillasters of the city hall. Quarries of pure granite are rare\\nin this vicinity, although new ones are being from time to time\\nopened and developed.\\nWe are not without a large representation of travelled blocks,\\nand numerous enormous bowlders, which have been transported", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "28 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nfrom a distance may be seen in the neighborhood. One block,\\nreckoned at not less sixty tons in weight, lies near Ray brook.\\nTen miles away, in the old settlement of Charmingfare, is one\\nnearly double the former in size. Hundreds of others in assort-\\ned bulk are perched here and there in every direction and at\\nall elevations. On Shirley hill, upon the very apex of the crest,\\nare three heavy bowlders lying close together, evidently parts\\nof one parent piece, and known far and wide as the Tipping\\nRocks. Two of these, weighing many tons each, may be put\\nin motion by the hand of a child the third could formerly be\\nrocked back and forth with a slight pressure, but the experi-\\nments of thousands of visitors, and the efforts of vandals with\\nlever and fulcrum, moved it at last once too much, and it now\\nwaits in place some power greater than the hand of man. Sev-\\neral of the larger rock masses are in the vicinity of the falls and\\nsome remarkable fragments lie upon the bank of the river, near\\nthe great eddy below Amoskeag.\\nMere coincidence cannot reasonably be assigned for the very\\nfrequent recurrence of the great bowlders in doubles or triplets,\\nsplit apart, and the text-books do not appear to treat of the way\\nin which this has been done, most writers making no allusion to\\nit whatever. This phenomena, however, is so common and char-\\nacteristic of transported rock-masses, carried for long distances\\nthrough the agency of ice, that we are impelled to attempt some\\nexplanation. It must be conceded that rocks held fast in a mov-\\ning ice-sheet, or borne upon its surface, must during their jour-\\nney be subjected to great vicissitudes. A mass beginning with a\\nposition on top might end with a place at the bottom, or even\\nbe stranded along a lateral moraine. These incidents of its\\nprogress would be sufficient to account for the loss of angular\\nprojections as well as for the wearing, since they would be more\\nor less rounded by coming in contact with other stones. But\\nthese conditions would hardly explain the separation of heavy\\nbowlders into two or more fraerments. Our solution is that dur-", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. 29\\ning the dissolution of the ice-cap these masses were released and\\nfell headlong, sometimes for great distances, striking the earth\\nwith a force sufficient in many instances to shatter them in\\npieces. This theory would not only answer the question raised\\nbut would also account for the varying intervals between the\\nparts of the pareiit mass. In our field studies we have frequent-\\nly met with such a rifted fragment and queried as to the where-\\nabout of its companions. We need hardly add that the eviden-\\nces of rock-weathering and the accumulation of moss or lichen,\\neven upon the riven surfaces of the bowlders alluded to, show\\nthe fractures to be of great age, and that they must necessarily\\nbe referred to the time of impact at the point of deposition. It\\nis quite easy to make allowance for the character of the surface\\nupon which the rock chanced to strike the problem of the dis-\\ntance through which it fell we gladly leave to the physicist.\\nGarnet-bearing gneiss is quite common hereabout, some of\\nthe ledges near Rock Rimmon containing good specimens, but\\nprobably of no commercial importance. No valuable minerals\\nhave ever been found here, so far as we are aware, although\\nbeautiful crystals of quartz, felspar, hornblende and tourmaline\\nare encountered, and small quantities of graphite are found in\\nlocal ledges. Small but finely-polished porphyritic pebbles are\\nfound near by in the bed of the Merrimack, brought down from\\nthe neighborhood of Moosilauke mountain by way of Baker river\\nand the Pemigewasset, others reaching us by way of the Winne-\\npesauke. Larger fragments of porphyritic rock are found at\\nvarious levels, even upon the water-shed ridges, which points to\\nthe wide dispersion of this peculiar rock, as we understand it is\\nnot found in place nearer than the region of Winnepesauke lake.\\nThe text-books will sufificiently describe the character and trace\\nto their habitat other transported minerals, some of which came\\nto us from the Laurentian hills or even the remote wilds of\\nLabrador.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "30 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nTHE SAND AREA.\\nRoundly speaking, Derryfield was built upon the sand. Every\\nchink, crack or crevice, every depression is filled with it plenum\\nis the word. The depth of this vast deposit varies from twelve\\nto twenty or more feet, and the great sloping sand-plains lie on\\neither flank of the river valley. Before the Massabesic water-\\nsupply was introduced the people had mainly to rely upon wells,\\nalthough there were a considerable number of fine springs, some\\nof which are in use at the present day. A copious spring on\\nHanover square has been walled in and the water conducted in\\npipes to various points in the heart of the city, so that our citi-\\nzens have the luxury of cool spring-water throughout the warmer\\nmonths. An iron fountain in front of the city hall is fed from\\nthis supply, where thousands of our thirsty operatives daily slack\\ntheir thirst. Most of the old wells are now disused or filled up,\\nbut in nearly every instance the digging of each well told the\\nsame story First, an excavation though clear sand, both wind-\\nblown and stratified, then smooth and rounded cobble-stones,\\nbeneath them coarse, water-bearing gravel, usuall} over-lying\\nclay or hard-pan. The water-worn stones rest upon the gravel\\nbeneath the overlying deposits, precisely as they rested upon\\nthe beds of open and flowing streams, in that far-off epoch before\\nthe sand-burdened floods buried them.\\nTHE GREAT CLAY BEDS.\\nAs we have before hinted, there are along the course of the\\nMerrimack, to the northward and mainly upon the east bank, a\\nseries of beds of very superior brick-clay, so extensive as to be\\npractically inexhaustible. As elsewhere, these deposits are over-\\nlaid with a mantle of recent till, gravel, sand and loam. No one\\nfamiliar with the structure of clay can conceive of its being de-\\nposited in rapid water. These clays were laid down in the still\\nwaters of ancient lakes, having been ground between the upper\\n9,nd nether^ mill-stones of the glaciers and transported to the", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. 3I\\nbasins they afterwards occupied. It is true that they no longer\\noccupy anything that resembles a basin, but lie high above the\\npresent water-level. But before the bed of the Merrimack be-\\ncame continuous and finally sank to the level of our time, the\\nrock-barriers at Garvin s, Hooksett, Amoskeag and Goffe s falls\\nmust have given way, at least sufficiently to drain the lake. The\\nfirst business of the released water would be to carve a channel\\nthrough materials of the least resistance, and prodigious quanti-\\nties of clay went out, possibly to form new deposits elsewhere,\\nleaving the remainder of the beds where they are found to-day.\\nIt is not easy to conceive of the origin of such vast accumula-\\ntions. We know that the chief ingredient of the finer clays is\\ndecomposed felspar pure kaolin and we are at no loss to\\nlocate this mineral in the almost universal presence of felspathic\\nrocks in this region, notably granite and gneiss. These rocks,\\nthen, supplied the materials, and the very fact that it was yield-\\ned in such enormous quantities is an independent witness to the\\nmagnitude of those sub-glacial phenomena to which so many of\\nthe common facts of to-day are to be referred. The former\\npresence of felspar in excessive quantities in this locality is evi-\\ndenced by the composition of the rocks in certain abandoned\\nquarries, notably along the Hooksett road, where may now be\\nfound remarkably fine crystals of felspar of unusual size.\\nAs to the precise method by which the clays as we know them\\nwere in the first instance formed there is scant evidence, and\\nthe subject asks for further treatment at the hands of geological\\nexperts. Authorities assert, however, that the stones in the\\never moving and shifting ice were ground together and that the\\nfine dust thus liberated was transported by water to suitable\\npoints of deposit, resulting in beds of clay or earth.\\nIt may further be borne in mind that during and immediately\\nfollowing the final melting of the ice-cap much of the accumu-\\nlated earth, clay, gravel and stones were left in unstratified de-\\nposits, in immense quantities and often of great height, and that", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "32 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nthese were attacked, re-transported and the materials re-arranged\\nthrough the agency of water, still flowing in great volume from\\nthe receding ice to the northward. So that when we contem-\\nplate the fact that the bowlder clay and in fact the great bulk\\nof all unstratified drift was used over and over again, the prob-\\nlem of the origin of the great modern clay beds does not seem\\nobscure.\\nProf. Dana says the melting of the great ice-sheet was the\\ncause of mighty floods in the valleys, so vast as not to be com-\\npared with those resulting from the breaking up of the ordinary\\nwinter. He adds that with the melting of the lower one thous-\\nand feet of ice came the principal deposition of the coarser gravel\\nand stones, the material being heaped pell-mell over the land,\\nThis happy phrase accurately describes the condition which we\\nfind prevailing to-day in the fields, pastures and plains about us.\\nA map of our farm-lands, drawn upon a scale to give the stone\\nwall division lines, would show an almost inconceivable bulk of\\nthis material in single and double walls, while thousands of fields\\ndotted with the familiar rock-heaps, and numberless ravines, by-\\nplaces and road-side ways serving as unloading places for name-\\nless millions of tons of this pell-mell material, yet represent\\nbut a very small fraction of the original deposit. These modest\\nmonuments of New England thrift and industry give us but a\\nfaint conception of the operation of the beneficent forces of na-\\nture, which, while they seemed destructive, were making Earth\\na fit abiding-place for man. We should add that most of the\\nmaterial was at first left unstratified, while that which found its\\nway to lake basins or to shoals and bars in flowing streams would\\nhave become stratified, and that is precisely what is found in\\nthe region under consideration.\\nDana also remarks the coarsely stony character of the upper\\npart of the terrace formation, and concludes that the glacial\\nflood was greatly and suddenly augmented in depth and violence\\ntoward the close of the melting period.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. 33\\nIn Wright s Ice Age in North America the author says:\\nIn the deltas of rivers the sifting power of water may be ob-\\nserved. Where a mountain stream first debouches upon a plain\\nthe force of its current is such as to move large pebbles, or bowl-\\nders even two or three feet in diameter. As the current is\\nchecked the particles moved by it become smaller and smaller\\nuntil only the finest sediment is transported and this\\nis deposited as a thin film over the previous coarse deposit.\\nUpon the repetition of the flood another layer of coarser mate-\\nrial is spread over the surface, and so, in successive stages, is\\nbuilt up a series of stratified deposits. Water moving with vari-\\nous degrees of velocity is the most perfect sieve imaginable.\\nThe author reaches many conclusions, specially applicable to\\nthe restricted field of our inquiry, which we have only space to\\nepitomize When a glacier dissolves, the torrents of water aris-\\ning tear down and distribute as sediment to distant valleys the\\nmaterial accumulated by the slow movement of centuries that\\nthe transportation by water from the front of glaciers is certain-\\nly of immense extent that the glacial debris still remaining is\\nbut an insignificant remnant of the total amount transported,\\nand that sub-glacial streams must have sent their turbid currents\\ndown through every New England outlet.\\nProf. Shaler estimates the total amount of drift in New Eng-\\nland and its neighboring terminal moraines at 750 cubic miles,\\nor more than the mass of the White Mountains. If evenly dis-\\ntributed this would make a layer of about sixty-five feet.\\nProf. Wright says that New England is gridironed by a system\\nof gravel-ridges deposited by glacial streams, and that in these\\nand in the terminal moraines we may study the skeleton of the\\ncontinental ice-sheet as intelligently as the anatomist can study\\nthe skeleton of a dissected animal.\\nThe same authority says The scenes to have been wit-\\nnessed during the advance of the ice-sheet are as nothing com-\\npared with those which must have occurred during its retreat.\\nDuring the last stages of the great ice-age, through the months", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "34 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nof July, August and September, warm southerly winds and a\\nglowing sun were combining to dissolve, with utmost rapidity,\\nthe vast masses of ice which still lingered in the country. The\\nchannels were then compelled to carry off not only the annual\\nprecipitation, but the stored-up precipitation which had been\\naccumulating as glacial ice for thousands of years. These\\nfloods along the lines of glacial drainage have left their marks,\\nand their direction and extent can be traced almost as readily as\\nin the case of the present streams.\\nThe careful observer upon our own ground, within thirty min-\\nutes walk of the mayor s ofifice, will find sand and gravel terraces\\none or two hundred feet above the present flood-plain and these\\nterraces approximate if they do not accurately mark the highest\\nstage of the closing floods of the ice-age.\\nVEGETABLE SURVIVALS.\\nScattered at not rare intervals throughout this section a few\\nsassafras trees may be found, but they are more frequently met\\nwith upon the shore and islands of Massabesic lake. Two spec-\\nimens of the slippery elm are growing in the fine grove known\\nas Arcadia, northwest of Rock Rimmon and upon the east ter-\\nrace of the Piscataquog. These are the only specimens of this\\ntree, growing wild, with which we are acquainted in this vicinity.\\nCedars are not uncommon, and are frequently seen, being more\\nplentiful toward the sea-coast.\\nThese with other curious survivals of a former tropical climate\\nin this latitude, probably closely following the age of ice, are of\\ngreat significance, and we offer them in cumulative support of\\nthe existence of such a period and the recorded and published\\nfacts concerning the discovery of the remains of tropical animals\\nand plants as far north as southern Greenland, removes our mod-\\nest assumptions from the charge of improbability. On the oth-\\ner hand we have purposely refrained from giving here a cata-\\nlogue of survivals of an arctic flora and fauna, which undoubt-\\nedly accompanied the age of arctic ice-fields.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. 35\\nRHODODENDRON SWAMP.\\nAbout two miles northwest of Amoskeag falls, lying to the\\neast of and near the valley of Black brook, is a great thicket,\\ncovering from sixty to eighty acres, and known as Rhododendron\\nor Cedar swamp. A portion of this territory is covered with a\\nthick growth of cedars, and large areas are overgrown with rho-\\ndodendron. So dense is the cover that its depths are penetrated\\nwith difficulty, but it is visited by scores of people whose time\\nand toil are rewarded in securing specimens of this rare and\\nfragrant flower.\\nPOT-HOLES AND ROCK Vi^EAR.\\nThe vicinity of Amoskeag falls, below the present dam, pre-\\nsents fine examples of the well-known but little understood pot-\\nholes, found there in great number. These are of all sizes and\\ndepths, from those of a few inches in diameter or groove to those\\nof .several feet in width, and of varying depth. The largest\\nexample is located high upon the sloping shoulder of a great\\nboss of granite, lying south of the highway bridge, between the\\ntwo main streams leading from the dam, and overhanging the\\ncurrent. Here may be seen a large excavation running down\\nentirely through the east shoulder of the rock, the rapid water\\nhaving worn away the ledge beneath, allowing the stone tool or\\ntools which performed the work to drop through into the stream\\nbelow. This curious hole is nearly circular in form, more than\\nsix feet in diameter, and not less than fourteen feet in depth.\\nSince this remarkable excavation was made a large angular frag-\\nment of rock has fallen into it and lodged about half-way down,\\nwhere it is now securely wedged in place. This pot-hole if,\\nindeed, it be such offers a notable exception to the remaining\\nmembers of the group and is a geological puzzle. The top of\\nthe rock in which it occurs is high above ordinary flood-mark\\nand has not been completely covered by the waters of any fresh-\\net of modern times, with possibly two or three exceptions, and", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "36 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nthen for only a few hours at a time. So that this particular ex-\\ncavation must be singled out with confidence as having been\\nformed by a pre-historic stream, flowing at a level very much\\nabove the known water-lines of to-day, and in a time so remote\\nas to be conjectural, if not at once referred to a glacial epoch\\nante-dating that under discussion.\\nThere are some remarkably significant facts connected with\\nthe group of pot-holes we are considering. In the first place the\\nlarger part of them occur in the bottom or bed-rock again, they\\nwere found just as they now appear when the first dam was\\nbuilt upon the stream above them. They remain precisely in\\nthe form of their first discovery by the early salmon-fishers, not\\nless than two centuries and a half ago. Old residents at the falls\\nunite in the statement that so far as their observation or knowl-\\nedge extends there has been no change in their number and\\ncharacter. It is altogether probable that under the required\\nconditions pot-holes are somewhere even now being made, but\\nthere is not the slightest evidence here of the formation of new\\nones within the historic period.\\nBeautiful and symmetrical examples of pot-holes are likewise\\nfound at Hooksett and Goffe s falls on the Merrimack, at Kelly s\\nfalls on the Piscataquog, and at a point on the latter stream near\\nArcadia, where there was formerly a dam.\\nWe have examined a pamphlet by Bouv6, entitled Indian\\nPot-Holes, in which the writer sets up an ingenious theory as\\nto the manner of their formation. He conceives that some may\\nhave been formed by plunging falls, descending from a sufficient\\nheight, proceeding from ice-fissures, and continued long enough\\nto produce the effects. He concedes the difficulty of requiring\\nthe ice-sheet to remain stationary, but offers nevertheless no\\nother explanation. It is certain that continued plunging falls\\nwill excavate remarkable basins in rock-floors upon which they\\nimpinge these are frequently very symmetrical, and the rock-\\nwear has undoubtedly been in part produced by stones carried", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERKYFIELD. 37\\nround in the cavity, thus reinforcing the labor of the water. But\\ntrue pot-holes are so unlike any other rock excavations that they\\ncan never be confounded. Their cylindrical form and vertical\\ndirection, as well as their peculiar situation, preclude any but a\\nmodified acceptance of the theory of Bouve.\\nOne pothole or giants kettle, described by Bouve as in the\\nform of a cylinder, is sixteen feet deep by five broad. An-\\nother has a depth of about forty feet and a diameter of eight to\\ntwelve. Much more remarkable than either is his account of\\ntwo others, found near Archbald, Pennsylvania, which we quote\\nThe Archbald pot-holes are one thousand feet apart and were\\nboth discovered in coal-mining, their bottoms being in the coal\\nbed. When the drift filling them was cleared out, one was found\\nto be thirty-eight feet deep, with a diameter of about fifteen feet\\nat the bottom, increasing to a maximum of forty-two feet and a\\nminimum of twenty-four feet across its top and the second, the\\ndiameter of which is not definitely noted, was about fifty feet\\ndeep in rock, with a covering of about fifteen feet of drift.\\nIn his remarkable work previously quoted, Prof. Wright gives\\nthis: On the water-parting between the Merrimack and the\\nConnecticut, there is to be found the dry bed of a river which\\nfor a time flowed through a pass from the Connecticut valley\\ninto the Merrimack, which is now five hundred feet above the\\nvalleys. Here, upon this mountain axis in central New Hamp-\\nshire, nine hundred feet above the sea, are numerous and large\\nwater-worn circular cavities in the rock, technically known as\\npot-holes, such as are formed in shallow rapids, wherever gravel\\nand pebbles become lodged, first, in some natural slight depress-\\nion, and then, through the whirling motion given them by the\\nrunning water, these continue to wear a symmetrical depression\\nso long as the supply of water continues, or until a channel has\\nbeen cut through. Pot-holes may be seen in the rapids of almost\\nany rocky stream, with the gravel and pebbles, which do the im-\\nmediate work when set in motion, still partially filling them.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "38 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nSuch pot-holes exist in the anomalous position mentioned in\\nNew Hampshire, where no present stream could by any possi-\\nbility be made to flow. One of them, measured many years ago\\nby Jackson, was eleven feet deep, four and a half feet in diame-\\nter at the top, and two feet at the bottom, and when discovered\\nwas filled with earth and rounded stones.\\nThe instance referred to above is in Grafton county, between\\nGrafton Centre and East Canaan.\\nThe whole account is no less wonderful than admirable, con-\\nforming wholly with what we have independently observed, with\\nthe single exception of the reference to shallow rapids. We\\nhave become convinced that pot-holes are rarely if ever formed\\nexcept at the bottom of deep eddies and whirlpools, where there\\nis set up a continuous and nearly equable circular movement of\\nthe water. Their formation in rapid and at once shallow cur-\\nrents could not occur, for the reason that the force of the stream\\nwould continually wash down and away the stone tools which\\nmight elsewise undertake the work. Besides, were Professor\\nWright s assumption true, we should see the making of the char-\\nacteristic pot-hole going on under our very eyes. But this is\\nprecisely what we do not see, and we are unable to assign such\\nexamples as have come to our knowledge to any but a remote\\nera and to operations taking place at a very considerable if not\\ngreat depth of water. It is true that they may be still found in\\nshallow rapids, and even partially filled with pepples, but the\\nperhaps unintentional inference that they were now in process\\nof making does not appear to be warranted by observed facts.\\nWe venture to set down four important factors in the forma-\\ntion of the true pot-hole, to wit i. Sufficient depth of water.\\n2. A whirling and nearly equable movment of the current.\\n3. Sufficient length of time. 4. Varying hardness of the rock\\nattacked, and hardness of the excavating tool. Under these\\nvarying conditions the differing features of pot-holes, wherever\\nfound and whether single or in groups, may be accounted for.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. 39\\nWith reference to more common examples of rock-wear, these\\nmay be found at the various falls in this section to which allu-\\nsion has been made, and no finer instances of the action of run-\\nning water are afforded this side of the upper Ammonusuc. At\\nAmoskeag this is exhibited upon a grand scale, and in a spring\\nfreshet the rapids below the falls are not matched in grandeur\\nelsewhere in New Hampshire. Here the evidence is overwhelm-\\ning as to the former existence of a rocky barrier, holding back\\nthe water in a great lake basin, extending as far north as Hook-\\nsett. Beyond that point there is equally conclusive evidence of\\nthe existence of two or more great lakes stretching northward,\\nwith rock-dams at Garvin s and Sewall s falls, and another and\\nfinal barrier at Franklin, where the Pemigewasset and Winne-\\npesauke unite. Further reference to examples of rock-wear per-\\nformed by pre-historic streams, and the part played by glacial\\ndams in the stupendous terrestrial drama, may be found in the\\nsucceeding chapter.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER V.\\nTHE devil s pulpit GLACIAL DAMS, ETC.\\nAfter what has been brought before us in preceding pages\\nour readers will not be surprised at the introduction of another\\nwitness to the series of events occurring in past ages, of which\\nno written evidence is obtainable and concerning which tradi-\\ntion is and must be forever silent. With the admission of the\\nclaim for the presence of quaternary or even tertiary man, we\\nacquire no new source of information, and may look for no addi-\\ntion aid from any assumed living contemporaries. The science\\nof anthropology has kept pace with other kindred lines of inves-\\ntigation, and a consensus of conclusions in this department of\\ninquiry leads us to hope for no enlightenment from a race of\\nsavage men, scarcely less brutal in their instincts than the wild\\nbeasts with which they contended. As herecofore, our reliance\\nmust be wholly upon evidence put upon record by the operations\\nof natural forces records which have fortunately been so endur-\\ning as to survive the ravages of time in the vast lapse which\\nhas succeeded.\\nWe turn, then, with undisguised satisfaction, to the testimony\\ngiven by a most remarkable and almost unique example of rock-\\nwear performed by a pre-historic stream, located in our own im-\\nmediate neighborhood, in the adjoining town of Bedford, and\\ncommonly known as the Devil s Pulpit. With the exception\\nof a brief and inaccurate allusion in Savage s History of Bed-\\nford, we are not aware that any account has ever been published\\nor any accurate description attempted. How little importance\\nwas attached to this phenomena, and how absolutely void of sig-\\nnificance it was regarded no longer ago than 185 1, is shown by\\nSavage s reference, which we append.\\nThe historian says There are some objects of curiosity\\nworthy of note. On the west line of Bedford, near Chestnut", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. 4t\\nhills, is a vast fissure or opening in a mighty mass of rock, ap-\\nparently made by some convulsion of nature over the precipice\\nthus formed is a fall of water some 200 feet into the gulf below.\\nHere are found several excavations in the solid rock, sufficiently\\nlarge to contain several persons, and one of them, bearmg some\\nresemblance to a pulpit, has given name to the place; at the\\nbottom there is always a small pool of water, where, in the hot-\\ntest day, the warmth of the sun scarcely penetrates. As one\\nstands on the verge of this tremendous precipice, emotions of\\nsublimity will be awakened and any lover of nature, who should\\nfind leisure on a pleasant day, would find himself well paid by\\na visit to this wild and romantic spot.\\nAbout nine miles from Manchester, as the bird flies, or near-\\nly twelve by the highway, the convulsion of nature referred\\nto is found upon the farm of Mr. Clinton French. Our first\\nvisit to this locality was more than twenty years ago, when it\\nmay be said to have been in a state of nature. Since that time\\nan increasing number of visitors suggested to the owner the\\nidea of making it more accessible to the general public, and with\\nthis in view he caused to be constructed a good carriage road\\nleading from the highway to the Pulpit. Convenient paths were\\nmade, plank walks laid where necessary, and a substantial stair-\\nway built, so that the leading points of interest can be easily\\nreached. A turnpike gate guards the entrance and a small toll-\\nfee is exacted, sufficient to reimburse the owner for his care and\\noutlay.\\nThe road descends to the level of a wet run, which it crosses,\\nand the Pulpit is located in an old pasture a short half-mile from\\nthe highway. The swampy run is the source of a small brook,\\nentering upon the extreme left, and a still smaller stream, which\\nis frequently dry during the summer months, enters upon the\\nextreme right of the Pulpit. The direction of this curiosity is\\nwest by south from the city hall, lying to the south and some\\ndistance west of the Uncanoonucks and east and south-east of\\n4", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "42 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nJoe English. Between these mountains and their contiguous\\nhighlands is a deep, well-defined valley or basin, generally trend-\\ning north and south, and for much of its course more than two\\nmiles broad. Standing upon the height of land near the French\\nhomestead this great valley extends in either direction as far as\\nthe eye can reach, the stretch to the southward forming such a\\nremarkable depression as to at once suggest the idea of an old\\nlake basin, and the contouf of the country is such as to entirely\\nfavor that assumption. From the near highlands is an uninter-\\nrupted view of the valley for certainly not less than twelve miles,\\nand the scene from the point of view looking towards the sharp\\nsouthern escarpment of Joe English is one of surpassing loveli-\\nness, aside from a consideration of its more striking and sug-\\ngestive features. Another fine view of the extension of this val-\\nley northward may be had at Dunbarton village, looking west.\\nIn following the half-mile carriage way to the bottom of a lat-\\neral valley, at nearly a right-angle with the larger basin, one\\ncomes suddenly and without any manner of warning upon the\\nbrink of an abrupt and forbidding chasm in the ledge. This is\\nthe opening to the famous Devil s Pulpit. It is neither more\\nnor less than a water-worn gorge in solid granite, extending in\\na west by south course for about a half mile in nearly a straight\\nline. In width the gorge varies but little and will average from\\none hundred and fifty to two hundred feet. At the head of the\\nchasm is a fifty foot wall of rock, the cliffs upon either side main-\\ntaining this altitude for from forty to sixty rods, gradually low-\\nering until the level of the valley plain is reached. The whole\\nof this imposing rock fissure has been eroded by the action of\\nwater, as the evidence conclusively shows the former existence\\nhere of a long-continued and powerful stream. The main fall\\nplunged over the precipice, causing a whirlpool below sufificient-\\nly violent to excavate the bed-rock in a great circular cavity, worn\\napace with the depth eroded, so that instead of there being found\\nthe usual bowl-shaped pool or basin the floor was level with the\\nbottom of the cliff. The height of successive stages of water is", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DEKRVFIELD. 43\\ndistinctly marked by great semi-circular grooves worn into the\\nface of the wall of these not less than five are shown, each from\\nfifteen to twenty inches vertical diameter, and from three to five\\nfeet apart. The section directly above the base, to a height of\\nmore than twelve feet, is eaten in back of the vertical line for a\\nconsiderable distance, and high upon the front of the cliffs the\\ngranite plainly shows the wear of the great churning movement\\nof the whirlpool.\\nAt the immediate left of the main plunge the action of the\\nwater is even more remarkable. Here has been sculptured out\\na huge stone chamber many feet in diameter; hanging midway\\nis an enormous hulk of rock detached from the cliff; the cavity\\nbeneath this has been likewise eaten away, and an extending\\nflange of rock between the lower chamber and the main fall is\\nsmoothly worn and polished, standing up edgewise like a stone\\nknife-blade. The hanging rock above described is the Devil s\\nPulpit, and its gloomy and mysterious origin must have seemed\\na sufficient excuse for the name bestowed by some superstitious\\ngodfather. The vertical height of the wall at the centre of the\\ncataract is a little less than fifty feet, but the out-crop of the\\nledges above on either side is some feet higher; the width im-\\nmediately over the fall is thirty-six and at the base from thirty-\\none to thirty-seven feet, with a forward elongation of fifty-three.\\nThe whole mass of rock eroded and removed at this point will\\nbe seen to have been enormous. With the exception of the\\nsupply from melting snows or occasional heavy rainfalls no water\\nnow flows over the cliff and for the greater part of the year there\\nis but an insignificant drizzle.\\nAt the left of the Pulpit there is a high, protruding mass of\\nrock, forming the south wall of the upper gorge, and at the foot\\nof the projection lie heavy masses of rock, thrown down from\\nthe cliff above, the water having worn away the supporting ledge\\nbeneath. These fallen rocks now have trees of considerable size\\ngrowing upon them. At various other points along the cafton\\nthere are other great heaps of fallen rock some of these lie,", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "44 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\ncuriously enough, midway of the glen, showing conclusively, if\\nother evidence were needed, that the whole area between the\\nenclosing walls was carved out of a solid rock-bed by the action\\nof water. The upper gorge is sixty feet wide by ninety-four in\\nlength.\\nThe foregoing, however, is but the beginning of a series of\\nwonders. Seventy-eight feet from the upper fall is No-Bottom\\nPool. Unlike some other so-called bottomless pits, this is well\\nnamed. We made an attempt to probe it in the autumn of i8g6,\\nreaching a depth of seventeen feet without difficulty with an iron\\nprobing-rod of that length, but the bottom seemed as far off as\\never. Mr. French informed us that, in company with others,\\nhe some years ago penetrated the pool, with birch poles spliced\\ntogether, to a depth of forty feet, without finding bottom. This\\npool is fifteen feet in diameter, is nearly choked up with debris,\\namong which are several logs firmly wedged horizontally, and is\\nfilled to the brim with water. If this excavation is a pothole it\\nis certainly the most remarkable example in New England and\\nfairly parallels the largest known anywhere. It is, however,\\npossible that the bed-rock at this point has been worn through,\\naffording an entrance into what geologists describe as a fault.\\nThe question can only be determined by a thorough examina-\\ntion by a properly equipped scientific expedition. So far as ob-\\nserved it appears to have all the characteristics of true pot-holes.\\nIt is circular, vertical, and at the top fifteen feet in diameter.\\nThe same authority informed us of his discovery of another\\nexcavation near the foot of the stairway, in which no bottom was\\nreached at a depth of twenty feet. Its existence would not now\\nbe suspected, as it is entirely filled up and covered with earth\\nand stones and it is altogether likely there are others which\\nhave similarly escaped observation. These instances are suffi-\\nciently wonderful to invite scientific exploration.\\nA few rods below, occupying a lower level, is a second gorge,\\nwith a twenty-six foot wall, and a basin below thirty feet in diam-", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. 45\\neter. The supporting side-walls are from fifteen to thirty-two\\nfeet vertical height. Still lower along the canon, and at varying\\nintervals, are other pools and basins, some of them many feet in\\ndepth, and in diameter much larger than those described. At\\nall of these points, and high upon the front of the lateral walls\\nupon either side, is exhibited the same evidence of water-erosion,\\nas distinctly mapped upon the granite leaves as if drawn upon\\nsheets of modern card-board.\\nAt the extreme left of the upper fall, separated from it by\\nhigh, protruding masses of rock, and flowing at a little lower\\nlevel, is the run-brook before referred to, which courses through\\nthe entire length of the gorge, entering the sunken valley below.\\nTills brook has at first a winding and steep descent, and goes\\ntrickling along the bed of the canon, broken in its course by a\\nseries of beautiful cascades and miniature waterfalls, with many\\nfine pools and basins, some of them quite large and symmetri-\\ncal, with carved rock channels intervening. The brook itself,\\nhowever, as we know it to-day, is utterly incompetent to produce\\neven these minor but attractive features, the volume of water\\nbeing insufficient to account for them. The stream ran down\\nfor a considerable distance independently, until it coalesqued\\nwith the main current from the upper right hand fall.\\nBut this brook affords another and striking feature to which\\nwe are impelled to direct attention. Just above the point of its\\nentrance, upon a level ledge, ten or twelve feet higher than any\\nconceivable stage of water within modern times, is a well-defined\\nand undoubted pot-hole, whose age must certainly be referred\\nto the same period as that of the gorge itself. As will appear\\nhereafter, it is important to remember that after a course of sev-\\neral miles the water of this brook finds a way to the Souhegan,\\nthrough the extension of the valley southward.\\nThere is, almost of course, the inevitable Devil s Oven, the\\ninterior blackened with smoke, the most reasonable and obvious\\ninference being that His Bedford Majesty united in his person\\nthe functions of preacher, sculptor and cook.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "46 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nThe foregoing description of the Devil s Pulpit, although ex-\\ntended, is inadequate when viewed from the stand-point of its\\nimportance as a factor in the measurement of geological time or\\nthe value of its testimony to the stupendous work performed by\\nwater in a distant age and the preparation of this paper was un-\\ndertaken partly with the hope that the attention of geological\\nexperts might be enlisted in explaining its further relations to\\nthe general subject of lacial phenomena.\\nWe now find established, by evidence as ample as it is con-\\nvincing, four prime facts i. A remarkable example of water\\nerosion upon a grand scale. 2. The dry bed of a once powerful\\nand long-continued stream. 3. That the stream was fed mainly\\nby water from melting ice-fields. 4. That there is no evidence\\nof the existence of any stream capable of performing the work\\nwithin the historic period.\\nIt must further be concluded that a stream of great volume\\nflowed at the same time through the great north and south val-\\nley to which allusion has been made, and that extensive sections\\nof this valley were occupied by one or more great lakes. It on-\\nly remains to corroborate the conclusions reached by citations\\nfrom admitted authorities. The following extract from Wright s\\nIce Age in North America will well support the views ad-\\nvanced, and at the same time afford an impressive example of\\nthe part played by glacial dams. Prof. Wright s account is\\nbased upon detailed surveys by Mr. Upham, the results of which\\nare published in the New Hampshire Geological Reports:\\nThe Contoocook river now empties into the Merrimack a lit-\\ntle above Concord and flows in a direction north-northeast. The\\npresent outlet was, towards the close of the glacial period, ob-\\nstructed by ice some time after it had melted off from the south-\\neastern portion of the valley. During that period a lake was\\nheld in the portion of the valley-freed from ice, at a height suffi-\\ncient to turn the drainage temporarily to the south and south-\\neast. At first the drainage was over the water-shed in Rindge,", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. 4/\\nthrough Ashburnham and Winchendon, Mass., and thence into\\nthe Connecticut. The reality of this line of drainage is evi-\\ndenced by the extensive knmes and gravel deposits extending\\nfrom the Contoocook valley through the towns of Rindge and\\nand Winchendon.\\nThis evidence is as interesting as the facts are remarkable, but\\nthat which follows is to us of more absorbing interest, since it\\nreinforces our assumption of a great water-way, fed from the\\nthe same sources, and stretching southward immediately west\\nof the Dunbarton ridge and the Uncanoonucks. Our authority\\ncontinues\\nWhen the ice had withdrawn a little further north, an outlet\\nwas open to the southeast into the Souhegan river, and thence\\ninto the Merrimack. The evidence here is also conclusive that,\\nfor a period, a stream of water eighty feet deep poured through\\nthis piss, and the lake formed in front of the ice was in its great-\\nest extent thirty miles long, and from two hundred to two hun-\\ndred and fifty feet in depth. The evidence of this remains in\\ndelta terraces at that level formed at various points where\\nstreams came into the lake.\\nHere, then, we have high testimony to the existence of other\\nice-fed streams and lakes nearly at our own door, distinctly cor-\\nroborative of the claims heretofore advanced. We are unable\\nto determine whether any portion of the current of this great\\nwater-course contributed to swtll the tremendous torrent which\\nrushed down through the gorge of the Devil s Pulpit. It is cer-\\ntain, however, that the outlet of this lateral valley opened into\\nthe great Contoocook lake, finally finding its way into the Mer-\\nrimack and it is altogether probable that the enormous water-\\nsupply required was derived wholly from the glacial sheet which\\nstill hung upon the summit and flanks of the Uncanoonucks.\\nWe are able to add an additional link to the chain of evidence\\nalready presented, in the existence of extensive clay-beds at the\\nsite of the lake referred to. Before the day of railroads these\\ndeposits were extensively worked, as many as twenty million of", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "48 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nbrick being made in a single year. These were hauled to Reed s\\nferry and transported down the Merrimack to Lowell. In the\\nfamous Manchester and Milford Railroad hearing a witness tes-\\ntified that he had clay enough upon his farm to build another\\ncity as large as Manchester. Much other testimony to the same\\neffect sufficiently demonstrates an immense deposition of clay in\\nthe basin of this ancient lake.\\nFor the present we reluctantly draw the curtain upon the\\nseries of scenes presented, some description of which has been\\nattempted in these opening chapters. For the most part there\\nhas been little exhibiting nature in her gentler moods, having\\nthus far witnessed her more terrible yet fascinating aspects. It\\nis still reserved to modern science to continue the investigation,\\nto add to the already vast store of accumulated facts, and by\\nits method of patient investigation and research interpret for us\\nother problems which await solution. We confidently abide the\\nfuture the spirit of inquiry, the interrogating attitude of the\\nage, made not less but more reverent by its courage, assure to\\nus further and perhaps more astounding revelations.\\nTime and circumstances permitting, some following chapters\\nwill be devoted to the Flora and Fauna of Derryfield and its\\ncontiguous territory.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "^OQtributio^s\\nTD THE\\n[iistoryof Old Derryfield,\\nBY WILLIAM ELLERY MOORE.\\nPART THIRD.\\nPRICE TWENTY-FIVE CENTS.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "CONTRIBUTIONS\\nTO THE\\nHISTORY OF DERRYFIELD,\\nNEW HAMPSHIRE.\\nTHE LOCAL FLORA AND FAUNA.\\nBRIEF BOTANICAL SKETCH EVIDENCES OF ARCTIC LIFE PARTIAL\\nLIST OF TREES, SHRUBS AND FLOWERS WILD ANIMALS,\\nBIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS, ETC.\\nBY WILLIAM E. MOORE.\\nA PAPER READ BEFORE THE\\nMANCHESTER HISTORIC ASSOCIATION.\\nPART III.\\nPRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR.\\nPRICE TWENTY-FIVE CENTS.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "Entered according to Act of Congress\\nIn the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington,\\nDistrict of Columbia.\\n1897.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "CONTRIBUTIONS\\nTO THE\\nHISTORY OF DERRYFIELD\\nBY WILLIAM E. MOORE.\\nCHAPTER VI.\\nBRIEF BOTANICAL SKETCH EVIDENCES OF ARCTIC LIFE PARTIAL LIST\\nOF TREES, SHRUBS AND FLOWERS.\\nAll plants are animals, minus the power of locomotion. This\\nlack is in large measure supplied by their wonderful power of\\nadaptation, and in the myriad methods of dispersion by which\\nthey really move. Having neither wings nor feet, they do not\\nwalk but contrive to be transported. They lie in wait for the\\nwind upon which they ride lakes and rivers bear them from\\nshore to shore, from mountain to plain, and ocean currents waft\\nthem to friendly or inhospitable coasts. They hide in the depths\\nof earth and lurk in the crannies of rocks they cling to claws\\nand talons of bird or beast, and with deceitful simulation procure\\nthemselves to be swallowed, that peradventure they shall be cast\\nout upon propitious soil, to await their resurrection morn. We\\nbehold everywhere this curious paradox of the plant-world, inca-\\npable of motion and yet migratory and we may well look with\\namazement upon the exercise of this marvellous instinct which\\nenables plants, under all the countless mutations of climate and\\nsoil, to reproduce and perpetuate their kind.\\nThe word extinct, written after the names of vegetable forms\\nwhich no longer exist, need not here concern us. That this", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "52 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nwas once the home of a pre-historic flora is not open to question,\\nbut our limits forbid more than this mere allusion, leaving the\\nimagination to supply the details of that first world-garden whose\\nleaves fell and whose flowers faded unseen.\\nWe do not design to add to our description an account of the\\nlarge number of trees, shrubs, flowers or weeds, not indigenous,\\nbut introduced by accident or design, and the writer s limitations\\npreclude any attempt at a scientific botanical essay. From an\\nunpublished History of Andover, New Hampshire, we ven-\\nture to make the following extract: The dwarf willow and\\nwhite birch were probably our earliest trees, succeeding lichens\\nand mosses, after the climate of the ice-age of this region became\\nsufificiently ameliorated to allow a growth of shrubs. The dwarf\\nwillow now grows at the extreme north part of Spitzbergen,\\nwithin eight degrees of the Arctic pole, and the white birch\\nappears near the north cape of Norway.\\nTo the foregoing we are tempted to add the Norwegian pine,\\nthe mountain cranberry, and the hardy highland blueberry. It\\nis probable that the hemlock, the pines, firs, spruces and hack-\\nmatacks, with their congeners, came next, followed later by the\\nremaining deciduous trees which are with us to-day. The little\\nwillow, now found growing in cold land, is the descendant of its\\ndwarf ancestor referred to. For thousands of years the struggle\\nfor life went on, the law of the survival of the fittest prevailing\\nin this as in other organic kingdoms, until the rich covering of\\nour hill slopes and mountain crests, and the deeper soil of plain,\\nvalley and meadow gleamed with verdure. Beneath the forest\\nand field growth of to-day the fallen generations lie, in their de-\\ncay enriching a soil which had scantily served their wants.\\nWe share with others a deep regret at the destruction, almost\\nextermination, of our forest trees throughout nearly the entire\\narea of central and southern New Hampshire there are roundly\\nno old growth trees remaining, while the great timber tracts of\\nCoos are attacked year after year, its wooded acres despoiled by\\nthe axe of the lumberman. Appeals and protests have been", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. 53\\nmade in vain lovers of nature have bewailed the rapid razing\\nof our mountain groves, on the aesthetic ground of disfigurement\\nand consequent loss of attraction to the summer tourist. But\\nthese sentimental appeals have no effect upon the lumber kings\\nwho have possessed themselves of our fair heritage. We must\\nfirst create an educated public sentiment, resting upon grounds\\nof public interest, and powerful enough to invoke the strong arm\\nof the state. To accomplish this it must be shown that the de-\\nnudation of the mountain slopes is a distinct menace to the prop-\\nerty and lives of our citizens. A paid employe has written and\\ncaused to be printed in one of our city dailies an article in apol-\\nogy and defence of the lumber interest. This was evidently\\ninspired by the unexampled freshet of the spring of 1896, which\\ninvolved wide-spread disaster, a burdensome interruption to pup-\\nlie travel, and a financial loss in the state of more than a million\\ndollars. The writer says the unprecedented and rapid rise of\\nthe mountain tributaries was owing to a warm sun acting upon\\nreserves of snow that the exposed slopes were coated with ice,\\nand that the melting snow, reinforced by rain, sped unchecked\\ninto the valleys. This was all true; but he did not tell us how\\nthe slopes became bare and ice-covered, nor did he suggest that\\nif the protecting timber-fringe had been allowed by the lumber\\nmagnates to stand upon the steep flanks of the White Hills, that\\nthe disastrous freshet of March would have been averted. We\\nutter this warning, at the risk of its being considered out of\\nplace, anxious only to contribute to public enlightenment upon\\na theme which must soon compel attention. The eyes of our\\ngreat manufacturing interests already look askance toward the\\nnorth, and their ears are primed to hear the roar of advancing\\nfloods. It has already become a question of self-protection, and\\nefficient action is to-day imperatively needed.\\nWithout further digression, we proceed at once to present a\\nlist of the more common trees and shrubs now to be found in\\nor near this locality, a list necessarily incomplete, adding occas-\\nional observations concerning them", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "54 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nWhite Pine, Pimis strobiis. This magnificent tree, which in\\ncolonial clays alone had the honor of being marked with the\\nbroad arrow of King George, formerly grew in great abundance\\nin this neighborhood, especially along the river and brook val-\\nleys. Forty years ago great pines flourished in what are now\\ncompact portions of the city, along the ravines, and upon Ray,\\nMile, Christian, Cemetery, and Cohas brooks, while the various\\nhighways were lined with primitive forests. A group of huge\\npines occupied a ravine on the south of Granite street, now the\\nsite of wholesale warehouses, and more than fifty years ago the\\nchildren of the cold-water army, in what was known as the\\nWashingtonian movement, held a picnic in this grove. A little\\nlater the children of the Unitarian sunday-school, not standing\\nin fear of ghosts, enjoyed a picnic in the then beautiful grove\\nof the Valley cemetery in both these celebrations the writer\\nwas an interested and hungry participant.\\nPitch Pine, Finns rigida. Fifty years ago the sand-plains of\\nDerryfield were covered with a dense growth of these trees, ex-\\ntending over large areas to the north, south and east, as well as\\nupon the plains west of the river. Nearly the whole section not\\nactually built upon or under tillage, was invaded by pines. The\\ngrowth reached to Lowell street, immediately back of the first\\nhigh school building, over nearly all the territory east of Pine,\\nand rabbits were hunted and trapped in what is now Tremont\\ncommon. Parker was murdered in the pines just east of Beech\\nstreet, and a man tired of living in the woods hung himself on\\nMonument square.\\nNorway or Red Pine, Pimis resinosa. This beautiful variety\\nwas once not uncommon, but is now rarely seen hereabout. It is\\nremarkably free from knots and grows as straight as a loon s\\nhind-leg.\\nWhite Spruce, Abies alba. Formerly existing upon Bald hill\\nand the Uncanoonucks, but now exterminated.\\nBlack Spruce, Abies nigra. Never plentiful here, and now\\nscarce, growing only as a shrub.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. 55\\nBalsam Fir, Abies bahamea. A graceful and symmetrical tree,\\nformerly adorning our hill and mountain crests, but now very\\nrare, being brought here from a distance to supply the demand\\nfor Christmas trees.\\nHemlock, Abies Canadensis. This extremely beautiful tree\\nis still common in moist woods, in plateau ravines, and upon the\\nhigher ridges. But the once great hemlock groves bearing fine\\nspecimens of the old-growth giants, have long since disappeared.\\nIt may not be generally known that the trunk of a full-grown\\nhemlock yields a bitter, resinous gum, which has never become\\npopular for chewing purposes. One of our earliest recollections\\nis the gathering of materials for hemlock-brooms for one of our\\ngrandmothers.\\nJuniper or Ground Hemlock, Jiiniperus communis. This low,\\ncreeping shrub prevails in open woods and dry pastures the\\nmore arid the soil the better it seems to flourish, and a field or\\npasture attacked by it is doomed, as nothing else can grow up-\\non the ground it covers. This pasture-pest seldom reaches a\\nheight of more than two feet, while single shrubs are frequent-\\nly more than twelve feet in diameter. Axe and fire supply the\\nonly remedy, and must be used without stint. It is the vegeta-\\nble octopus of creation.\\nRock or Sugar Maple, Acer saccharinnm. With the exception\\nof scattered groves and single specimens, this valuable tree has\\ndisappeared, although never sufficiently plentiful here to encour-\\nage the manufacture of maple sugar but a few thousands are\\nfortunately growing as shade-trees.\\nWhite or Soft Maple, Acer dasycarpiim. This variety grows\\nabundantly in moist lands, and is still common perhaps because\\nit has little value.\\nRed Maple, Acer riibrum. This extremely beautiful tree fav-\\nors vv^et lands, but flourishes at considerable elevations. Its\\nscarlet blossoms ofter to the eye one of the earliest and most\\ngrateful promises of spring.\\nStriped Maple, Acer Pennsylvatictim. This member of the", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "$6 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nmaple family is commonly known as Moosewood, and is encoun-\\ntered in low woods.\\nMountain Maple, Acer spicatiim. This was formerly common\\nbut is now infrequently seen.\\nSwamp Maple. This variety we thus christen independently,\\nas the authorities do not aid us. It is undeniably a maple, but\\nbears a large single-winged seed vessel, while all the text books\\nassign a double-winged pod to the maple and make mention of\\nno other. We have observed another variety which produces\\na double seed-pod, the winged halves of which are almost invari-\\nable shed single. This curious habit is not referred to by the\\nauthorities. We dismiss the maples by observing that among\\nliving specimens of these trees those of first or ancestral growth\\nin Derryfield can be counted upon the fingers of one hand.\\nWhite Oak, Qiiercus alba. These were very common in this\\nlocality, but have now largely gone the way of the rock maples,\\nalike hewn and consumed, their diminished successors occupy-\\ning the scrub lands. An ancient oak, a relic of the native woods,\\nstill stands in the southwestern quarter of Concord square, and a\\nfew others similarly survive. A very fine specimen stands on\\nthe south side of Milford beyond Carroll street, and here and\\nthere are others at wide intervals.\\nRed Oak, Qiierciis rubra. This was the rail-splitting, stave-\\nmaking tree of our ancestors, in the days of hand-made barrels\\nand casks. Though formerly plentiful and attaining a great size,\\nfrom sixty to eighty feet, good specimens have become as rare\\nas cooper-shops.\\nScrub Oak, Qtierciis illicifolia. This little tree, scarcely more\\nthan a shrub, supplants a once nobler growth and like many an-\\nother worthless thing flourishes.\\nBeech, Fagas ferrugiuea. This strikingly handsome forest\\ntree is fast disappearing, noble specimens being extremely rare.\\nNone miss it more sadly than the squirrels, the harvest of nuts\\nsupplying them with food. Gone are the ancient groves through\\nwhich the wild turkey stalked gone are the initials of colonial", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. 57\\nlovers, rudely carved upon the smooth and mottled trunks. Civ-\\nilization has brought us much, but of how much have we been\\nrobbed\\nElm, Ulmus Americana. The elm is still flourishing, growing\\nwild about us in all directions, and native and transplanted spec-\\nimens of great size are numerous. We cannot be too grateful\\nfor the wise forethought which resulted in the fine avenues of\\nshade elms which now adorn our older thoroughfares.\\nWhite Birch, Betula populaefolia. The ancient growth is but\\na memory, having gone with the canoe of the Indian, but the\\nbirches are so persistent and prolific that their diminished rep-\\nresentatives are still seen on every hand. We add to the above\\nthe Grey, Silver, Red, and Yellow or Golden Birch. Whole\\ngenerations have gone to peg and toothpick-mills, and countless\\ncords to the wood-yards. One would now stand in amazement\\nbefore a birch large enough to furnish bark in one piece to make\\na canoe fifteen feet long. There is said to be a golden birch in\\nAndover with a circle of shade large enough to seat five hun-\\ndred people.\\nBlack Birch, Betula lenta. This is not uncommon and may\\nbe recognized by the aromatic flavor of the twigs. The larger\\ntrees were formerly made into table-tops, which may still be\\nfound in old farmhouse kitchens, and also supplied hand-made\\nyokes and other wares of husbandry.\\nBrown or Basket Ash, Fraxunis sambucifolia. Once common\\nbut now met only as scattered trees. The White, Prickly, and\\nMountain Ash are now scarce. The ash is undesirable as a\\nshade tree, the leaves coming late and going early.\\nChestnut, Castanea vesca. This tree grew and still grows in\\nall directions, and flourished in such profusion as to cause the\\nwhole section hereabout, including all the adjoining towns, to be\\nknown as the Nutfield country, long before permanent settle-\\nments were made. Many extensive groves have been swept\\naway and the forests culled for material for fence-posts and rail-\\nroad ties, the work of extermination still proceeding. The near", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "58 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nextinction of our nut-bearing trees will soon deprive us of the\\nred and grey squirrel.\\nHickory, Carya alba. In addition to the Shagbark there were\\nseveral other nut-bearing varieties once numerous. The great\\nvalue of the wood for fuel, as well as the demand for its use in\\nwood-working arts, have contributed to its practical extinction\\nin this locality. Doubtless, God could make a better nut than\\nthe hickory, but doubtless God never did.\\nButternut, Jiiglans cinerea. This is still common in open pas-\\ntures and along roadside ways. The outer bark of the nut was\\nextensively used by our grandmothers in dying wool. The wri-\\nter well remembers wearing the brown home-spun.\\nPoplar or American Aspen, Populous tremtdoidiis. Formerly\\nquite common, now comparatively infrequent. The bass wood\\nis still here and still valueless.\\nThe Black Cherry is frequently seen in open fields and pas-\\ntures. This is the rum-cherry of our spirit-loving forefathers,\\nbad imitations of which are sold to-day in various rum-holes.\\nThere is also a wild red cherry and the choke-cherry. A great\\nmany boys have not died by drinking milk after eating freely of\\nthe latter fruit.\\nThere are still a number of varieties of the genus Willow, in-\\ncluding the Osier or Basket Willow. The common willow is\\nundoubtedly doomed to immortality, as it is impossible to destroy\\na tree that will grow without roots and flourish after death.\\nA Wild Plum, Primus Americana, formerly grew in plenty\\nbut is now rare.\\nOther varieties of trees, both native and introduced, will sug-\\ngest themselves to the reader, such as the alders, elders, leather-\\nwood, mountain sumach, horn beam, leverwood, etc.\\nThe group of shrubs is large, but we must content ourselves\\nwith a mere mention of the more common examples We still\\nhave the white-rod or withe-wood, the fence-mender of the old-\\ntime farmer the witch-hazel, curious and interesting in its habit", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. 59\\nof late flowering, the towsled yellow blossoms surrounding the\\nripe seed-pods, which like miniature howitzers discharge their\\ncontents to an incredible distance the button-bush, swamp and\\nhighland huckleberry, blueberry, high and low blackberry, red\\nand black raspberry, thimble-berry, hardhack, iron-weed, high-\\nland and swamp laurel, sheep laurel or lamb-kill, cornel, poison\\nsumach or dogwood, bayberry, sweet fern, swamp and sweet\\nbrier rose, skunk currant creeping, bush and climbing poison\\nivy, thorn-bush, etc.. The number of shrubs omitted probably\\nlargely exceeds the number above enumerated.\\nThe grasses, native and introduced, now number more than\\nthirty varieties.\\nWe append a partial list of additional flowering and non-flow-\\nering plants Wild grape, clematis, woodbine, cranberry, May-\\nflower, club and tree-club moss, columbine, true and false Solo-\\nmon s seal, checkerberry, partridge berry, sarsaparilla, cardinal\\nflower, arrowhead, pipsissewa, the blue closed, five-fingered and\\nfringed gentian, Jack-in-the-pulpit, Indian tobacco, bunch berry,\\nskunk cabbage, fire-weed, pyrola, gold-thread, garget, pitcher-\\nplant, mullein or the American velvet plant, purple and yellow\\nlady s slipper, several sorts of milk-weed, St. John s wort, white\\nand pink yarrow, pearl everlasting, cinquefoil, yellow, and sour\\nor narrow leaved dock, nettle, sweet flag, cat-tail, white water-\\nlily, cow-lily, pickerel weed, flower de luce, blue flag, blue-eyed\\nand star-grass yellow, and red or tiger lilies, many varieties of\\nviolets, the rushes, the thistles, purslane, robin-run-round, pig-\\nweed, called in the south lamb s quarter and used for greens;\\nburdock, screw-stem, self-heal, wild morning glory, smartweed,\\npurple orchis, spring and fall dandelion, wild sunflower, daisy or\\nwhite weed, black-eyed-Susan or ox-eye daisy, horsetail, many\\nspecies of goldenrod, several members of the aster group, spear-\\nmint, peppermint and other square-stems, pennyroyal, mother-\\nwort, thoroughwort, elecampane, wild buckwheat, artichoke,\\ngarden wormwood, formerly supposed to be necessary to digest", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "60 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nnew rum and prevent nausea ragweed, accused of causing hay-\\nfever primroses, plaintain, snake s head, buttercup, cowslip,\\nwild pink, chickweed, Indian mallow, field and wood sorrel, twin\\nLinnsea, jewel weed, may weed, touch-me-not, deadly nightshade,\\nwild carrot, wild parsnip, wild strawberry, yellow gerardia, etc.\\nBesides these and many others we have lovage, liverwort, sweet\\nSicily, baneberry, joint-weed, bind-knot weed, vervain, skull-cap,\\nhoarhound, crowfoot, horse-radish, mustard, blue harebell, wild\\nhoneysuckle, colt s-foot, tansy, bell wort, queen of the meadow,\\nand others unnamed but not unknown. Of parasitic plants we\\nhave the curious form known as the Dodder. We have also\\ngrowing here the dog-tooth violet, which is really a lily, as well as\\nseveral native orchids, among them the so-called Lady s Tresses,\\nthe pink Arethusa, and the most exquisitely beautiful flower of\\nour wild collection, the Pogoiiia ophioglossoides.\\nFor a full list of ferns and cryptogamic plants we refer the\\nreader to the text-books, since any attempt to array them here\\nwould be a servile reproduction. Should our brief and inade-\\nquate account serve to arouse in others a love of forest and field\\nlore we shall be contented and we venture to indulge the hope\\nthat some one better fitted will soon prepare an elaborate and\\nmore exhaustive monogragh of our local flora.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER VII.\\nTHE WILD ANIMALS OF DERRYFIELD.\\nIt requires no severe exercise of the imagination to associate\\nthe presence of arctic animals with an arctic climate. During\\nthe rigor of the glacial epoch there is little room for doubt that\\nthe arctic fox, reindeer and polar bear roamed over the plains and\\nthat the seal and walrus were found upon the coast. It is equal-\\nly certain that other forms, partly owing to the absence of food,\\nbecame extinct, their embedded bones alone remaining. Among\\nthese extinct types were the mastodon and woolly elephant. At\\nthe same time a great exodus of animals took place to the south,\\nfleeing before the threatening advance of the great ice-sheet,\\nagain returning as the ice retreated.\\nThe Panther or Puma, Felis concolor. This ferocious and dan-\\ngerous animal once lurked in our forests, and was occasionally\\nkilled by the early hunters and trappers. Almost alone of all\\nothers, this beast had no fear of man, who at any time was liable\\nto be attacked. A panther was killed in Pittsfield some years\\nbefore the settlement of the town, in 1770. A party of hunters\\ncame up from Durham, through what was then an unbroken\\nwilderness, after a pack of wolves which had been killing their\\nsheep. There had been a snow-fall, hardened with a firm crust,\\nover which new snow had fallen, so that travelling: was good\\nand the wolves easily tracked. These hardy men followed the\\ntrail over the summit of Catamount. Here night came on, and\\nbeing tired with the long tramp the party, three in number,\\nwent to sleep upon a ledge. When preparing breakfast the next\\nmorning they discovered an enormous panther watching them\\nas he laid crouched upon the limb of an oak. The three men\\nfired simultaneously and the animal fell dead. This incident,\\nthe details of which were given to us by Mr, John C. French,", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "62 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\ngave rise to the name of Catamount, a considerable eminence\\nto the east of the village. Some confusion has long prevailed\\nand still exists concerning the panther, his true habitat being\\nAsia and Africa, while his cousin in our continent is limited to\\nSouth America, the Mexican Cordilleras and the Rocky Moun-\\ntains, and is otherwise known as the puma or cougar. Its pres-\\nent range is probably from Texas to Patagonia, but there is no\\ndoubt that it was formerly wider and more northerly. In North\\nAmerica it has been in the east generally known as the cata-\\nmount, and in the west as the painter.\\nWild Cat or Bay Lynx, Fe/is catus. This variety is also dan-\\ngerous and will sometimes attack man. It is known in the ver-\\nnacular as the bob-tail, and is a very ugly customer at close\\nquarters. Before Manchester became a city, the highway lead-\\ning to Goffe s falls ran through thick woods for nearly the whole\\ndistance. A man was hauling a load of wood into town, accom-\\npanied by a small dog, and after reaching a point near the Val-\\nley cemetery, a wild-cat came out of the woods and attacked the\\ndos:. The driver took a round four-foot stick of wood from his\\nload and killed the cat, bringing the carcass into town, where it\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0was for some time on exhibition in a window of the old town\\nhouse, and the writer well remembers seeing it. They were in\\nthe early days quite common, but are now seldom seen, though\\noccasionally encountered to this day. Only last September the\\nwriter with his nephew heard the wailing, long-drawn and lone-\\nsome cry of a lynx, probably calling for its mate. This was in\\nthe thick woods of Tamworth, sixty miles away, but in a short\\nhalf-day journey these wild-cats might make a honeymoon trip\\nto Derryfield Park.\\nCanada Lynx or Loupcervier, Felis Canadensis. This is an\\nextremely shy little animal, not prone to attack man or beast un-\\nless driven to a corner. It is also popularly known as a wild-cat,\\nand was once common here.\\nWolf, Canis occidentalis. None have been seen here outside\\nof a menagerie for a hundred years before that time they had", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. 63\\nto be reckoned with, especially in winter when food was scarce.\\nThese destructive beasts were persistently hunted by early set-\\ntlers, and large numbers were trapped or shot, each capture at\\nonce ridding the settlement of an enemy and giving the captors\\na valuable pelt. The writer has never seen a wolf but has met\\nan old gentleman who saw one in his boyhood. He said they\\nlooked at each other for a minute the boy then threw up his\\nhands, yelled and ran towards home, and the wolf ran the other\\nway. The cowardly nature of wolves and their habit of hunting\\nin packs is well known.\\nWolverine, Gulo liiscus. This diminutive, carnivorous glut-\\nton has been supposed to be not nearer to us than Michigan, but\\non the authority of the late William Little this animal was once\\nin New Hampshire and had been seen in Warren.\\nBlack Bear, Ursjis Americaims. This terror of sheep, calves,\\npigs and woman-folk was common in this locality in the time\\nof the first settlers and long afterwards, disappearing about the\\nfirst of the present century, with the exception of wanderers,\\nwhich were seen here as late as 1834. Though classed with the\\ncarnivora, the black bear is a vegetarian, subsisting mainly upon\\nedible plants and fruit, especially blueberries, of which he is ex-\\ntremely fond, and indulging in a diet of honey whenever he can\\nget at a wild hive. He is fond of green corn and created more\\nhavoc in corn-fields than in any other way. He is not especially\\ndangerous, and stories of terrific hand-to-hand encounters with\\nbears are greatly exaggerated. Bears very rarefy permit them-\\nselves to be seen. The writer has climbed, fished and camped\\namong the mountains in the wooded regions about Albany and\\nWaterville, and from Livermore Falls to Ossipee, where they\\nare still somewhat numerous, but in twenty-five years of such\\nexperience has not had the pleasure of seeing or even hearing a\\nblack bear. We were finally permitted to see one from the top\\nof a stage-coach, on an excursion from the Crawford House to\\nthe Flume and Bowlder. When young the bear is playful,\\neasily tamed, and is an expert in the art of hugging.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "64 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nMoose, Alee Americanus. Hunters now seek Canadian covers\\nor the wilds of Maine to kill these magnificent animals, which\\nare even there becoming scarce. They were once numerous in\\nthis section, but withdrew before the advancing settlers. The\\nwell-known moose yards on sheltered slopes and thickets of the\\nneighboring mountains, especially in Deerfield and Nottingham,\\nwere visited by early colonial hunters, the deep snow making\\nthe herded moose an easy prey.\\nDeer, Cervus Americanus. This is the common fallow-deer,\\nknown generally as the red or brown deer. One hundred years\\nago and earlier deer were more common than cattle are to-day,\\nand were especially valuable, serving both for food and clothing.\\nThe skins were home-tanned and made into jackets, mittens,\\nleggins and boots, or made useful in a great variety of ways, in\\nmaking chair seats, snow-shoes, etc. While the deer was at first\\nkilled solely for these purposes, there came a time when they\\nwere hunted nearly to extermination, at the close of the Revo-\\nlution, on account of the great scarcity of grain. The crime of\\nthe deer consisted in their eating and tramping down the grow-\\ning crops of wheat, corn and rye. So much mischief was done\\nin this way that many towns offered a bounty for their destruc-\\ntion, and the office of deer keeper was created, the duty of\\nthat official being to abate the deer nuisance. They are still\\ncommon in the northern part of the state, and have been seen\\neven within the city bounds during the last twelve-month.\\nCaribou or American Reindeer, Tarangns zangifer. This is a\\nwoodland ranger, now confined to Canada and northern Maine,\\nor found in the region of the great lakes.\\nBeaver, Castor fiber. This wonderful animal has furnished\\nthe world with an example of intelligent instinct scarcely paral-\\nelled in the whole range of the brute creation. Engineer, sur-\\nveyor, architect and builder, his achievements are comparable to\\nthose of men supplied with the tools of civilization. The exist-\\nence of beaver-meadows and the finding of logs knawed asunder", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD, 6$\\nby their industrious teeth testify to their former residence here.\\nThe beaver passed with the last century, but we were informed\\nby the late Joseph M. Rowell, one of the oldest native-born res-\\nidents of Derryfield, that he had in his boyhood seen their fresh\\nskins brought in by trappers, and he distinctly remembered what\\nwas pointed out to him as a beaver slide, on the bank of an\\ninlet to the Piscataquog river. The fur of this animal has always\\nbeen valuable, and many an old settler paid for his first cow with\\na bundle of beaver skins.\\nThe Black or Silver-Grey Fox, an animal of the genus Vulpes,\\nis now seldom found within the limits of the state once here in\\nconsiderable numbers, stray specimens having been seen within\\nthe last quarter-century. The skins are now valuable and are\\nsometimes in use for hearth-mats.\\nRed Fox, Vulpes fulvus. This cunning and mischievous ani-\\nmal still survives in this and neighboring towns, and notwith-\\nstanding there are more hunters than game the fox is said to be\\nupon the increase. His favorite dishes are domestic fowls, the\\nlarger and fatter the better, and he makes nothing of carrying\\noff a full-grown gobbler. When young they are easily tamed,\\nbut not easily kept, as they will escape if possible. The fox is\\na thief by nature, a criminal by heredity, and takes to the road\\nas inevitably as a highwayman. He is the embodiment of cun-\\nning and adroitness, and in folk-lore tales is always assigned the\\npart of combined rogue and villain, which he perfectly plays in\\nreal life. It is said that he has never less than two holes to his\\nburrow, and it is certain he has a good many strings to his bow.\\nHis survival to this day, amid the civilized surroundings of a\\ngreat city, is little less than a miracle.\\nRaccoon, Procyon lotor. Most of our older citizens have seen\\nand hunted the coon in his hollow. Year after year, since the\\nlarger sorts of game became scarce, the sport of coon-hunting\\nhas gone on under the eyes of the October moon, but in spite\\nof men and dogs the sly old coon contrives to live, even within\\n6", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "66 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\ngunshot hearing of the mayor s ofifice, and coon-suppers are still\\nserved by the chef oi the Derryfield Club. In old times the fur\\nof this animal was extensively used for home-made overcoats\\nand winter caps. As long as there are country corn-fields there\\nwill be coons. The raccoon belongs to the bear family and like\\nhim lives upon both a flesh and vegetable diet.\\nOtter, Liitra Canadensis. This aquatic, fish-feeding animal\\nwas formerly not infrequent here, haunting the trout-streams,\\nbeing partial to fish without scales. They are expert swimmers\\nand divers and marvellously swift in movement. A single pair\\nof otters will depopulate an ordinary trout brook in an incredibly\\nshort time. They are now rare this side the upper Coos mead-\\nows. Their fur is very valuable.\\nMink, Patorins vison. This fur-bearing animal belongs to the\\nweasel family and is- carnivorous. It is semi-aquatic and makes\\nits burrow usually in the bank of a river or brook. Lines of\\ntraps were laid along the Merrimack, Piscataquog, Black Brook\\nand their tributaries, and along other streams to the north, by\\ndown-country trappers, many years before any permanent occu-\\npation or settlement. The Mink Hills in Salisbury received\\ntheir name more than one hundred and sixty years ago. The\\nanimals most sought after were the beaver, otter, fisher-cat and\\nmink, but the traps were sometimes sprung by less desirable\\ncreatures. Mink skins were early esteemed and even passed\\ncurrent in lieu of money for many years. The mink is here\\npractically extinct, though stray specimens are occasionally met.\\nThey are also fond of trout and will travel long distances to\\nobtain them. The late Bradbury P. Cilley had for years a small\\ntrout-pond on his premises at the corner of Amherst and Walnut\\nstreets. These fish, which had attained good size, disappeared\\nin a night. The owner supposed some one had caught them\\nwith line and hook, until the real culprits were discovered to be\\na pair of minks. These had made their way along the course of\\nMile brook, which ran for a distance of many blocks in a closed\\nculvert through a thickly settled part of the city. The outlet of", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. 6^\\nthe brook was then into a pond on Hanover square, within a\\nfew rods of the trout. And yet many people think that man\\nis the only animal that knows anything. The fish in the large\\nDerryfield trout-preserves, a few miles south of us, have been\\nalso destroyed by minks. These depredations were committed\\nwithin the last ten years.\\nMuskrat or Musquash, Fiber zibithiciis. Common to-day and\\nin all places where there is water and comparative seclusion.\\nIt is probable they even now prowl through the covered culverts\\nof the city. The Indians made use of them for food, and Dr.\\nSaccalexis Glossian, an Oldtown Indian formerly residing here,\\npronounced them delicious. This depraved taste is hard to be\\nunderstood by delicate white men accustomed to pig s liver and\\nstewed kidneys.\\nHedge Hog or American Porcupine, Hystrix dorsata. This\\ncurious animal is seldom seen, as it is strictly nocturnal in its\\nhabits and haunts the most secluded spots, usually among rock-\\nmasses at the foot of high cliffs. Their food is said to consist\\nof insects, worms, snails and salamanders. The dog that tackles\\na full-grown hedge-hog will be consumed with regret and his con-\\nfidence in himself will be impaired for about three weeks.\\nSkunk or Pole Cat, Mephitis Americana. The less said about\\nthis unsavory animal the better, but we regret being obliged to\\nrecord the fact that he is still with us, even at our cellar-doors.\\nWithin three years, in the basement of a house on Union street,\\nbetween Concord and Lowell, and hard by the Bishop s palace, a\\nbox-trap was baited with the neck of a chicken, and his crown-\\nlavender highness captured therein and afterwards successfully\\nchloroformed by a woman and yet some of us are deluded with\\nthe idea that woman needs our protecting care.\\nWoodchuck or Ground Hog, Arctomys monax. This trouble-\\nsome farmer s pest has always been and is still common here,\\nand is destructive to bean-vines and other growing crops, espec-\\nially to the red clover, trampling down much more than is eaten.\\nThe tanned skins are extremely tough and durable, and were", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "68 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nformerly cut up in narrow strips and braided into whip-lashes.\\nThe process used by farmer boys fifty years ago was as follows\\nBury the hides in wet ashes, to remove the hair then put them\\nin soft soap over night take out and scrape the skin and hang\\nit over the back of an old chair in the attic this is important\\nlet it get dry but not too dry, and finally work by hand until it\\nbecomes soft and pliable. The writer has used these home-made\\nwhips when riding the old mare, in the delightful pastime of\\nplowing on a side hill. It is not generally known that the wood-\\nchuck is a good whistler he has a habit of sitting in front of\\nhis burrow in a thunder-shower and uttering a series of short,\\nsharp notes, twelve or more in number, in a curious diminuendo.\\nThey will sometimes whistle when about to be taken from a trap,\\nbut that performance is usually brief.\\nRabbit or Northern Hare, Lepiis canicubis. Common always\\nand even now plentiful though hunters are numerous. It is a\\nrodent and very prolific. From being brown in the summer the\\nfur, which is of small value, changes to nearly white in winter,\\nand affords an instance of protective coloring.\\nWeasel, Piitorioiis vulgaris. There are several varieties, in-\\ncluding the white weasel, stoat or ermine, the tawny weasel, the\\nsmall weasel and the little nimble weasel. Though so small as\\nto make a hole in the snow no larger than a broom-handle, the\\nweasel is a terror to hens and chickens, which he kills by a bite\\nin the neck from which he sucks the blood. They are said to\\nbe spry enough to get away between the flash of a rifle and the\\nbullet. The fur is valuable, and some weasels with glass eyes\\nmay still be seen clinging to the necks of fair women.\\nGrey Squirrel, Sciiirus Carolinensis. The grey and black, the\\nchickaree or red, the chipping, chipmunk or striped squirrel, and\\nthe flying-squirrel, once very common here, are now compara-\\ntively scarce. In size the black squirrel equals or exceeds the\\nfull-grown grey these are now rarely seen but have been killed\\nhere within forty years. A white chipmunk is said to have been\\nrecently shot in Pembroke probably a freak.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. 69\\nSeveral other valuable fur-bearing animals were once found\\nhere, among them the sable or pine-marten, and Pennant s mar-\\nten or fisher-cat. These were formerly trapped in great numbers\\nbut are now generally confined to the White Mountain region\\nand northerly. We have seen the tracks of the fisher-cat along\\nthe mountain brooks in Albany.\\nThere were several varieties of moles, some of which are still\\nwith us. Among these were the star-nose, shrew, Say s least-\\nshrew, and Brewer s shrew mole. Similarly, we had Wilson s\\nmeadow mouse, American white-footed mouse, Leconte s pine\\nor field mouse, the jumping mouse, and soon after the settlers\\nhad provided themselves with homes the house mouse appeared.\\nThe last-named are extremely dangerous. With advancing civ-\\nilization came also black and Norway rats, which now make the\\nlives of women one long-drawn and suspicious misery. We have\\nalso the common little slate-colored bat, which, unlike the flying\\nsqirrrel, actually flies. There is not the slightest truth in the\\nnursery fable that bats will suck the blood of sleeping infants,\\nor that they purposely fly into heads of hair.\\nConcerning birds, now or formerly found here, it will be con-\\nvenient to divide them into four classes First, game birds or\\nbirds fit for food, hunted for that purpose. Among these were\\nthe wild turkey, spruce partridge, wild pigeon, and the ruffed\\ngrouse our woods once abounded with these fine game-birds,\\nbut they are now practically extinct. Of those surviving, the\\nbrown partridge or American quail, woodcock, wild goose, the\\nblack duck, wood duck and sheldrake, and very rarely upland\\nplover, may be mentioned. Second, song and other birds now\\nrare bald eagle, golden eagle, black hawk, goshawk, great horn-\\ned owl, and long-eared and short-eared owl; three-toed banded\\nwoodpecker, the pileated, red-headed, yellow-bellied, and black-\\nbanded-three-toed-woodpecker, and the green and night heron.\\nThird, in addition to the above the ears of the early settlers were\\ngreeted with the notes of not less than twenty native birds, all", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "70 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nrare at this day and rapidly becoming extinct. Fourth, the mi-\\ngrants, rapidly joining the class of rare birds these include also\\nabout twenty varieties.\\nOf birds which were considered common twenty-five years ago\\nMr. William Little gave a list of eighty-five, and even in the\\nbrief period which has since elapsed not less than one-third of\\nthe whole number may now be classed as rare. In another place\\nwe intend further comment upon the threatened extinction of\\nour songbirds.\\nUnder the head of reptiles we find to-day, although some are\\nvery rare, the following The black or snapping turtle, and the\\nmud turtle or musk tortoise also the painted, spotted, box and\\nBlanding s box tortoise and the wood terrapin.\\nOf snakes wq have the common striped snake, the green or\\ngrass snake, ribbon snake, house or milk adder, field and swamp\\nadder, the black snake, the red or brown wood snake, the ring-\\nnecked snake, black water snake and rattlesnake. Ring-necked,\\nribbon, and rattlesnake are now rare. The latter, the only pois-\\nonous variety, was formerly common here. The writer knows\\nof but one authenticated case of a rattler being killed within the\\ncity limits in the last twenty-five years, but it is said they still\\nhaunt the neighborhood of The Pinnacle and other rocky\\nledges in Hooksett. Until quite recently it was claimed they\\nwere killed there at the rate of about one per annum. Notwith-\\nstanding a wide spread, popular belief to the contrary, not one\\nof the other snakes mentioned is poisonous. The black water-\\nsnake, still common in the Massabesic and other neighborhood\\nponds, and the cause of so much unreasoning terror, is entirely\\nharmless, its bite being no more fatal than that of a pickerel, and\\nfinally they never bite anything but frogs. They can be easily\\ncaught by tying a live frog to a string and sinking it in the bay\\nor inlet which they haunt said snake having swallowed the frog\\naforesaid may be pulled ashore, whereupon he will at once dis-\\ngorge his prey. The released frog, like Jonah of old, sometimes", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. 7I\\nescapes unhurt, perhaps to furnish food for another of these ter-\\nrible freshwater sea-serpents.\\nUnder the head of fishes we can make only brief mention of\\nthe commoner sorts remaining. The salmon, shad, sturgeon,\\nale-wife and lamprey-eel will be considered later, observing here\\nonly that their great abundance in these waters led to an occu-\\npation and settlement much earlier than that usually assigned\\nby historians. The rivers once abounded with the red roach or\\nbearded chub, the white chub or dace, suckers, shiners, silver\\neels, etc., the lakes and ponds with pout, perch and pickerel, and\\nthe contributing streams hereabout were fairly alive with the\\nspeckled trout. More than forty years ago the writer caught\\nthe red roach in the rapids of the lower canal weirs, and great\\npickerel, weighing from six to seven pounds each, were in those\\ndays caught from the end of a short plank wharf on the Offutt\\nshore of the Massabesic. Several alewife brooks run into this\\nlake and in recent years large numbers of alewives have been\\ntaken from them in the annual spring runs. Their presence is\\nan anomaly, and like land-locked salmon they must be referred\\nto a time when the sea covered a large part of the state. Sixty\\nyears ago silver eels were so plentiful in the Massabesic that\\nthey were salted down by the barrel for winter use. To-day a\\nnative fish worth the catching in brook, lake or river is almost a\\ncuriosity. We still have a few fine trout streams, some of which\\nhave been restocked the removal of the timber, however, has\\nso reduced their volume that we can never hope, even under\\nprotection, that the brooks will again offer to anglers more\\nthan a shadow of the old-time sport. The lakes have also been\\nstocked with bass which no one wants, with wall-eyed salmon\\nwhich no one can catch. Meantime lake, pond, river and brook\\ngrow less yearly and threaten by and by to dry up; meanwhile\\nthe work of felling the woods along the water-courses and upon\\nthe sloping shores of lakes goes on, and people begin to wonder\\nif our water-supply will fail, and why. Massachusetts has in the", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "72 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\npast come to us more than once for ice she now very strongly\\nhints that she needs some of our water. While we desire to\\nbe very neighborly, it is just possible we shall soon have none to\\nspare for either love or money.\\nWe seem to see in dim colonial vistas a scene like one painted\\nupon the canvas of a dream. Hardy trappers and hunters roam\\nthe woods through the thick glades the crack of the flint-lock\\nmusket rouses the echoes, answered by the call of early-risen\\nbirds, the noise of waters, the trampling feet of beasts. Over\\nthe wooded plains sweeping to the Merrimack, following the\\npaths of brooks and guided by the roar of river rapids, children\\nranged without fear through thickets far from the rude shelter\\nof their homes. The smoke of the settler s fire had supplanted\\nthe smouldering heap of the Indian but for years every sense\\nwas alert to interpret the sounds borne in upon the air of night,\\nto question each fresh trail through the dew of morning. A\\nbroken twig, a fall of moss, the crushing of a tuft of deer-grass\\ndid these betray the heel of a foe or of a friend No strange\\nnoise escaped the settler s ear; startled, perchance, in the pur-\\nsuit of game by a sudden bruit and clamor, he leans to listen\\nonly to the far-away cry of the loon or the crescendo in the for-\\nest where the partridge beats his drum.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "5o9tribiJtio9S\\nTD THE\\nJHistoryof Old Derryfield,\\nBY WILLIAM ELLERY MOORE.\\nPART FOURTH.\\nPRICE TWENTY-FIVE CENTS.\\n1/", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "CONTRIBUTIONS\\nTO THE\\nHISTORY OF DERRYFIELD,\\nNEW HAMPSHIRE.\\nINDIANS AND EARLY SETTLEMENTS.\\nPKELTMINARY THE XIPMUCKS INDIAN HABITS AND RELICS\u00e2\u0080\u0094 MARRIAGE\\nAND MOTHERHOOD PATRONYMICS FAMOUS SQUAWS SERMON ON\\nFISH TRANSITION PERIOD OCCUPATION AND SETTLEMENT.\\nBY WILLIAM E. MOORE.\\nA PAPER READ BEFORE THE\\nMANCHESTER HISTORIC ASSOCIATION.\\nPART IV.\\nPRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR.\\nPRICE TWENTY-FIVE CENTS.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "^f\\nEntered according to Act of Congress\\nIn the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington,\\nDistrict of Columbia.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "CONTRIBUTIONS\\nTO THE\\nHISTORY OF DERRYFIELD,\\nBY WILLIAM E. MOORE.\\nCHAPTER VIII.\\nPRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS.\\nThe historian who attempts to draw aside the veil which has\\nfor centuries hidden the annals of an obscure people, scant in\\nnumbers, low in civilization, destitute even of a written tongue,\\nhas before him no easy task, and one rendered still more difficult\\nfrom the fact that in his first contact with civilization the Indian\\nwas surrounded with white men who were themselves illiterate.\\nOnly after the passing of the tribe was the effort made to put\\ninto some sort of order the scattered records and traditions con-\\ncerning them, and this was so scantily done that a single para-\\ngraph might set forth the story, as who should say There\\nwere Indians there are no Indians.\\nTHE NIPMUCKS.\\nThere appears to be a general agreement that one or more\\ntribes of Indians inhabited a belt of inland country in Massa-\\nchusetts and southern New Hampshire, more or less removed\\nfrom the sea, and that these were known as Nipmucks, signify-\\ning by a license of free translation, freshwater Indians. They\\nseem to have been neither numerous nor warlike and probably", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "^6 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nheld a position of little importance among the stronger and more\\nambitious tribes surrounding them. It is quite certain they\\ntook no prominent part in the bloody drama of the French and\\nIndian wars, since no Nipmuck name adorns nor deed disfigures\\nthe page of history. It is said that the tribe with which we are\\nmore immediately concerned was subject to the Penacooks and\\nthis is rendered more plausible from the fact that the headquar-\\nters of that tribe, generally made at Penacook, were sometimes\\ntransferred to Amoskeag, probably in the height of the fishing\\nseason, and in virtue of the right of the stronger.\\nINDIAN HABITS AND RELICS.\\nFrom evidence which appears conclusive we locate the head-\\nquarters of the Nipmucks at or near Amoskeag Falls, a place\\nfamous for hunting and fishing. Hunting has become a thing\\nof the past, though to this day the search is kept up for any stray\\nfish which may have escaped the Nipmuck nets. The chief vil-\\nlage, or more accurately the village of the chief, was situated on\\nthe hill-bluff known as The Willows, now owned by Ex-Gov.\\nFrederick Smyth. In the steep banks of this bluff, and where\\nthe soil had been upturned, there was found a great number of\\nbroken fragments of rude pottery and other utensils used by the\\nIndians. Nearly everything naturally grouped under the head\\nof Indian relics has been found on the site of this village, includ-\\ning arrow and spear-heads in great variety, stone mortars and\\npestles, stone axes, gouges, clubs, and fish-knives, stone tools for\\nremoving fish-scales or scraping skins, bone fish-hooks, needles,\\nhairpins, and numerous other relics, some broken, but many per-\\nfectly preserved. When making an excavation on the premises,\\nfor the purpose of forming a small artificial pond, there was un-\\nearthed a deposit of arrow and spearheads, knives, etc., of quartz,\\nflint or chert, which with unfinished specimens and chipped frag-\\nments amounted in the whole to several bushels. This was\\nprobably one of the workshops or armories of the tribe, and un-", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. JJ\\ndoubtedly the first Aiiinskeag manufactory. Over the whole sec-\\ntion surrounding the falls, on either side, in fact from Goffe s\\nFalls to Martin s Ferry, a great number of the various relics\\nabove enumerated have been picked up, several valuable collec-\\ntions having been made, perhaps the most interesting being that\\nof the late Samuel B. Kidder. They were more numerous up-\\non the village-site referred to, on the elevation west of the P. C.\\nCheney Company s mills, as well as elsewhere and near by, on\\nthe large island below the falls and the level stretch of land im-\\nmediately below the great eddy. At all these points, as well as\\nin the bed of the river, valuable finds have rewarded the patient\\nrelic-hunter. At the mouth of Christian brook, known also in\\nlater times as the fair-ground brook, and also at the mouth of\\nRay brook, there have been found many interesting relics. The\\nbank of the river north of the latter stream is quite steep, and\\nhere about twenty years ago the writer found a nest of a dozen\\nor more large chipped slate-stones, wholly unlike the convention-\\nal spear-head, but yet of undoubted human workmanship, which\\nhad been probably used for cleaning fish. They were buried at\\na considerable depth, having been uncovered by a fall of earth\\noccurring because of high water. There are signs of old fires,\\npieces of charred wood remaining at a depth of three or more\\nfeet. Throughout this entire section similar mementos have\\nbeen discovered, especially on the sandy margins of lakes and\\nponds. A symmetrically chipped arrow-head of milk-quartz was\\nfound by the writer, when a mere boy, on the beach at Massa-\\nbesic Lake.\\nThe foregoing facts, even in the absence of other evidence,\\nis ample to establish the presence of Indians here in considera-\\nble numbers and for a long period, probably centuries before the\\nadvent of the whites. Tradition assigns no spot which we can\\npoint out as an Indian burial place. It is said there are several\\nIndian graves near the entrance from the highway to the Devil s\\nDen in Chester. It is also said and has long been currently\\nbelieved that the site of a number of wigwams was upon Brown s", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "78 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nIsland in the Massabesic, and this is altogether likely. The sole\\nindication of a burial place in this immediate vicinity, which has\\ncome to our knowledge, was the finding of human bones sup-\\nposed to be those of Indians, in the grading of Penacook street,\\nabout 1875.\\nThe only approach to a permanent settlement was that around\\nthe home of the chief. More than forty wigwams were scattered\\nover this picturesque knoll, a fine view of the Merrimack being\\nafforded from the willow palisades surrounding the village. It\\nis quite certain that numerous temporary wigwams were erected\\nat or near the more important points above mentioned, on both\\nsides of the Merrimack, some of which may have been perman-\\nent. From the well-known roving character of the Indian it is\\nlikely that in the summer months at least they grew like the\\nmushroom in a single night and as soon vanished.\\nThe traditional, dark-red, fawn-like Indian maiden was not of\\nthe Nipmucks. She is the creation of a diluted sentimentality,\\na mere dream of a class of poets too lazy to saw wood but able\\nto invent aboriginal lies by the gross. The bewitching squaw\\nwho leaped for love from the top of Rock Rimmon was not after\\nmayflowers it is much more likely that she was overloaded with\\nmuskrats and lost her way. The noble Nipmuck lover was also\\nan invention, patented by Cooper. If these romantic types ever\\nexisted it was before the era of discovery. In contact with the\\nwhite man the Indian adopted only his vices these, superadded\\nto savage traits, could not well produce heroes either in love or\\nwar. We have ransacked the records of the past, turned to the\\ntestimony of the dead, and listened to the lies of the living, but\\nhave failed utterly to discover proof of greatness, or even the\\ndawn of a progressive and civilizing instinct among either the\\nNipmucks or Penacooks.\\nThe red man was fond of fishing and hunting, but he killed\\nsolely to obtain food, clothing, or materials to give him shelter,\\nand was not ennobled by the zest of sportsmanship. In him the\\ninstinct of self-preservation scarcely rose above the level of the", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. 79\\nwild beasts he slew. Our people, however, seem to have a weak-\\nness for idols of all colors and stand ready to bow down and\\nserve them. All that is needed is a remote historical episode,\\nrecounted by a white Ananias, and an ideal Pocahontas appears.\\nBut we soon tire of the old favorites, and one by one the saints,\\nmartyrs and heroes of history are knocked off their perch. His-\\ntories are no longer tales agreed upon, but begin to be viewed\\nwith suspicion. William Tell is a myth, the Scottish Mary was\\nfreckled, even King Richard was not a hunchback, and George\\nWashington swore. Soon shall the frivolous generations pass,\\nand as they die will fade the memory of men once deemed im-\\nmortal. Philip, Tecumseh, Logan, Oceola and Passaconaway\\nhave vanished, to be followed by the red drunkard of the reser-\\nvation.\\nWith as little success we have sought for an aesthetic trait in\\nthe Nipmuck character, or for some evidence of a moral sense.\\nSurrounded upon the one hand with beauty and upon the other\\nby terrifying aspects of nature, he was blind to the one and by\\nthe other affrighted, A seen enemy he attacked and tried to\\nkill before an unknown danger he cowered and prayed, his so-\\ncalled acts of worship inspired alone by ignorance and fear.\\nAbout him grew myriads of flowering plants and shrubs, in\\ndell or defile, glade or glen, in the natural meadows and over the\\nupland slopes, terraces and plateaus. When following the chase\\nor crouching in wait for game the moccasined foot could scarce-\\nly fall without crushing a blossom. Here the wind-flower and\\nthe blue and yellow violet grew, the laurel and the flower de\\nluce the blue closed gentian and its white-fingered sister, and\\nthe great fringed orchis. These do not detain the hunter. He\\nhears not the oration of Jack-in-the-Pulpit the wild rose spreads\\nits bloom to him who hastens. To such a woodsman the scarlet\\nrobe of the cardinal-flower has no meaning, the sweet-brier no\\nfragrance, the queen of the meadow no style. The red scalp or\\nflaming coat of tanager or wood-tapper may allure him, but the", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "80 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nrare blush of Arethusa he passes with indifference. Concerning\\nthe world of plant life his thought is, if he has one, Can I eat it,\\nor will it cure snake-bite The wild deer for which he waits\\nwill reason as acutely.\\nThe hues of the sky at sunset may suggest to the Indian rain\\nor drowth, but never beauty and as he looks from his hemlock\\nbed to the crimson light of dawn upon the western summits, in\\nhis breast no emotion kindles, as with gutteral accent he says,\\nThis is another day. To a meteor he gives a grunt, to a comet\\ntwo and when the Northern Lights begin to flash and in the\\nintermittent gleam the stars grow pale, he sees only a reflection\\nfrom the campfires of a mightier race of hunters in the far and\\nfrozen north.\\nThe wants of the Nipmuck did not make him unhappy, though\\nin this very evil case we find the civilized citizen of to-day. The\\nsavage saw neither virtue or sweetness in a useless plant the\\naverage society atom sees no sweetness in character or loveliness\\nin life without a bank-account. We wish to be just even to\\nan Indian.\\nThe agriculture of the Nipmuck was of a rude sort, the rich\\nsoil of natural meadows or intervales being usually selected as\\nplanting places, and when these were not available other tracts\\nwere reclaimed by fire and the larger trees killed by the process\\nof girdling. The preparation of the ground, planting, hoeing\\nand harvesting nearly everything coming under the head of\\nwork was performed by women and children. The men were\\nkind enough to furnish the raw material for the manufacture of\\ntools, such as the axe, the stone or clam-shell hoe and other cut-\\nting implements, his own time being otherwise fully occupied\\nin making arms and equipments for the hunt and allied mascu-\\nline occupations. So that numerous avenues of employment\\nremained open to the gentler sex, and we are beginning to recog-\\nnize in our time the wisdom of this arrangement. We now per-\\nmit our wives and mothers, but more especially the larger class\\nof sisters, cousins and aunts, to whom these relations of life are", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "HISTORY. OF DERRYFIELD. 8l\\nclosed, or which have been declined with thanks, to assume some\\nportion of our burdens, at a reduced rate of compensation.\\nThe range of cultivated food-products was generally limited\\nto corn, squashes, pumpkins, melons and kidney-beans. They\\nderived, however, a large part of their winter food-su])i)ly from\\nnuts, sweet acorns, dried fish, smoked meats, etc., prepared in\\nvarious unpalatable ways, but capable of supporting life. There\\nwere no seasons throughout the year when fresh flesh food, of\\nfish, fowl or animal, could not be had in abundance, and if there\\nwere times of scarcity the cause usually proceeded from indo-\\nlence or improvidence.\\nWe are unable to give the Nipmuck name of the Indian after-\\nwards known as Christian or Christo. This name is said to have\\nbeen bestowed upon him soon after his conversion to Christian-\\nity by the Apostle Kliot, but this lacks probability. It is much\\nmore likely that he had it from the Jesuits, or assumed it for pur-\\nposes of his own. Like St. Paul he was at times all things to\\nall men a Nipmuck, an Arosagunticook a Puritan, a convert\\nto Catholicism. Christo is first heard of in company with a St.\\nFrancis Indian called Plausawa, a not very good pronunciation\\nof Francois. They had sufficient intercourse with the settlers\\nto ascertain that white christians made slaves of black men,\\nand that the profits of the trade were large. Acting upon this\\nhint they stole two negroes in Canterbury and started with them\\nfor Canada, one escaping^ upon the way and the other being sold\\nto a French officer. Christo seems to have had seasons of back-\\nsliding and repentance, such as the praying Indians generally\\nenjoyed, and after a series of apochryphal adventures he settled\\nat Amoskeag. His cabin or hut was near the mouth of Chris-\\ntian brook, which entered the Merrimack immediately west of\\nthe Amoskeag Paper Mills. Here he lived in an outward show\\nof peace for some years, professing friendship for the whites,\\nby whom he was distrusted. At length he was suspected of\\nconveying intelligence and giving secret aid to the hostile St.\\nFrancis or Arosagunticook Indians, whereupon, during his ab-", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "82 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nsence they confiscated his personal belongings and burned his\\ncabin. Potter says that Christo subsequently returned and for-\\ngave the whites for this cruel injury. Other accounts, more in\\nconsonance with the Indian character, say that he openly joined\\nthe Arosagunticooi s and became an active and implacable foe.\\nThis little trout-stream is now hidden beneath the surface by\\nthe march of improvement, for nearly a mile of its course, and\\nthe generation to come will know neither name nor place.\\nPlausawa had also been an occasional visitor at Amoskeag,\\naccompanied by another drunken brave called Sabbatis, a name\\nrepresenting his baptism into Christianity, literally St. Baptiste,\\nThese Indian thieves and murderers, after the commission of a\\nseries of outrages in Canterbury, Salisbury and Warren, as well\\nas in this neighborhood, were finally killed in Boscawen by one\\nPeter Bovven. The full details of this affair are given in Little s\\nHistory of Warren.\\nUpon the authority of certain early historians we are asked to\\nbelieve that upon the death of the great chief of the Micmacs\\nor Taratines, a powerful and warlike tribe in the Province of\\nMaine, to whom the Penacooks were subject, a war of succes-\\nsion arose, which resulted in the choice of Passaconaway to\\nsucceed the dead Bashaba, who had been slain in battle. This\\nwar for supremacy became general and involved all the tribes\\nfrom New Brunswick to the Hudson river and from Massachu-\\nsetts to Canada. The exact limits were not known and proba-\\nbly can never be determined. The numbers engaged were large,\\nthe war continued for years it is said to have been conducted\\nwith great ferocity and to have been especially disastrous to the\\ncoast tribes, who were no match for the hardy inland hunters.\\nMany of the names preserved to us are those of chiefs and war-\\nriors who had become famous in this great war, which was the\\nmost sanguinary and relentless ever waged among the Indians\\nof the east. The great plague, to which nearly all the earlier\\naccounts refer, raged among the Nipmucks towards the close of", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. 83\\nthis war. The origin of this plague has never been satisfactorily\\naccounted for, or its nature clearly understood, but we hazard a\\nconjecture that the contagion was communicated by the Indians\\nof New France, who in turn received it from the whites then in\\nCanada in considerable numbers. At all events it was believed\\nthe loss by battle and plague literally decimated the ranks of the\\nsavages and brought the war to a close before the landing of the\\nPilgrims at Plymouth. The early accounts must be received\\nwith great caution, ample allowance made for the time in which\\nthey were written, and due regard had to the sources of inform-\\nation. Broken English is scarcely a fit vehicle for the trans-\\nmission of historical data. The skeletons of those who fell in\\nsavage strife, or succumbed to plague and famine four centuries\\nago, might as easily be clothed with life as could the details of\\nthat distant scene be dug from their oblivion.\\nUpon this middle ground, between the Plymouth Puritan and\\nthe pioneer Jesuit of New France, there was another curious en-\\ncounter, an episode in the struggle between two forces, whose\\ndeclaration of war ante-dated the discovery of America. When-\\never and wherever these met, in the long centuries, the hostile\\nlines were drawn. And so it came to pass that in a new world,\\nfor the soil of which kings contended, the adherents of Pope and\\nProstestant, in savage bands, the one inspired by a Mather, che\\nother by a Marquette, each in the name of a common Redeemer,\\nstood opposed in conflict. Thus, upon the virgin soil of New\\nHampshire, in that first century of its occupation, was shed the\\nblood of religious hatred. Time has fortunately softened these\\nasperities, and in the new dawn of a wiser christian charity we\\nseem to see the promise of brotherhood and reconciliation.\\nAs the light of the fire-fly is illusive or intermittent, so Indian\\nlore and tradition lead us along a pathway sometimes overcast\\nwith darkness and often difficult to follow. The time is distant,\\nthe actors are defunct, and the record is becoming more indis-", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "84 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\ntinct and uncertain. But we still follow the trail with ardor in\\nan endeavor to enrich our barren annals, and we know that we\\nare on the ground. Some may even thank us for this attempt\\nto restore these fast-fading pictures of the past.\\nMARRIAGE AND MOTHERHOOD.\\nIt is not certain that the Nipmucks were polygamous, but the\\nline was not far removed. They seldom lived with more than one\\nsquaw at the same time, but on the other hand a healthy brave\\ngenerally contrived to marry from six to nine maidens during an\\naverage life of four-score and ten years. The squaw was wedded\\nwhen quite young, frequently at twelve years of age but con-\\nstant drudgery and exposure broke them down early, so that at\\nthirty they became prematurely old and were wrinkled at forty.\\nThey endeavored for a time to keep up appearances, just as we\\nobserve the old hens of our generation in their efforts to parade\\nwith spring chickens. It made little difference to the mother,\\nand none whatever to the pappoose, whether the medicine-man\\nwas called in or not. When his services were invoked he com-\\nmonly made a great pow-wow in front of the wickyup before en-\\ntering, and more pow-wow upon emerging, concluding with an\\ninvocation or chant addressed apparently to the great Square of\\nPegasus. In order that the old wife might be supplanted by the\\nnew, separation was made easy, and the discarded wife and moth-\\ner did not complain, afterwards contenting herself with adopting\\nsome captive as a son or husband, as the case might be. Some\\nof these captives, thus summarily wedded without ceremony or\\nconsent, were white men, and part first of the very pathetic story\\nof Pocahontas rests solely upon this custom.\\nWe have purposely omitted the disgusting details of home-life,\\nsuggesting merely that an ample water-supply was not dimin-\\nished or contaminated, as the Nipmuck squaw never took a bath\\nor any other step toward cleanliness.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. S$\\nINDIAN PATRONYMICS.\\nWe have so long been familiar with the names of the neigh-\\nmountains, streams and lakes that we seldom pause to inquire\\nconcerning their godfathers, and in many cases have not even\\nsuspected their Nipmuck origin. As will have been observed,\\nthe names of most of our larger rive- s, lakes and highlands are\\npurely Indian the Merrimack, Piscataquog, Souhegan, Nashua,\\nCohas, Soucook, Suncook and Contoocook the Baboosic and\\nMassabesic, Pawtuckaway and the Uncanoonucks supply us\\nwith instances. The manner of spelling these various names\\nhas from time to time been curiously varied, while their pronun-\\nciation has been no less capricious. The examples heretofore\\ngiven, however, may from long usage be now regarded as settled.\\nThe etymology of Indian names offers an attractive field for\\nstudy, and if many are involved in obscurity it only adds zest to\\nthe chase. The scope of our contributions will not permit us\\nto enter upon this department of inquiry, and it is relegated to\\nexperts in barbarous philology. We have observed that the\\nmodern author appears over-anxious to disagree with writers\\nwho have preceded him. Each latest-adopted history or school\\natlas requires the student to commit to memory a new set of\\nnames of persons, places and things never before heard of, and\\nshould he attempt in after years to repeat these his own children\\nwill laugh at him.\\nAs to the survival of certain names to the exclusion of others\\nwe have been impressed by its significance the law of euphony\\nundoubtedly plays a part, but the reason must rest upon deeper\\nprinciples. The sight of certain names appeals to the ear like\\nstrains of music but they also evoke pictures to the eye, as if\\nthe name was the ghost of its owner, while we seem to see the\\nshifting scenes summoned by these memories of sound.\\nPassaconaway is certainly the most striking figure among our\\nnative chiefs, and all accounts agree in assigning to him the", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "86 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nhighest place in war or peace. We pass in silence the old-wives\\ntales concerning him, his superhuman strength, his miraculous\\ncures, his astounding feats of divination, nor shall we add anoth-\\ner to the list of seven dying speeches reported by as many sober\\nhistories. The authentic record is brief, his fame rests largely\\nupon tradition, but that by his people he was esteemed great\\nis the highest praise that can be accorded. He was born about\\n1540 and was an old man when the Pilgrims landed. His old\\nage was passed in poverty once lord of thousands of acres, he\\nwas compelled to beg the poor privilege of living upon a patch\\nof intervale and two little islands in the Merrimack. Even these\\nwere taken from him by the puritan rulers of the godly Com-\\nmonwealth of Massachusetts. But the title-deeds to his vast\\npossessions, wrung from him by white cunning, served to enrich\\nthe state, assisted in the spread of the gospel, and erected the\\ncradle of liberty.\\nIt is known that Passaconavvay had four sons and two daugh-\\nters of the sons Wonolancet alone became famous in his time,\\nand the Appalachian Club has given his name to a small moun-\\ntain of the Sandwich range, which nestles like a pappoose under\\nthe towering shoulders of his sire.\\nWhen the first white hunter or trapper actually settled at the\\nfalls of Amoskeag, Acteon was one hundred years old and was\\nalive twenty years afterwards; in 1726 he was known as Old\\nActeon, The terrible Pehaungun, Beware of Me, was killed\\nin a drunken frolic in 1732. He was then one hundred and\\ntwenty-four years old, and in his youth no white man had stepped\\nupon the soil of Derryfield. It will serve but little purpose to\\nrecount a further list of long-forgotten names, to which nothing\\nauthentic can be added. Acteon has gone to the home of the\\nCoosucks, Wahowa lives only in the classic yell of Dartmouth\\nWatannumon rests by the Mikaseota, the bones of Paugus lie\\nhidden in the white sands of Ossipee, and P.issaconavvay sleeps.\\nForty years ago a worn-out locomotive of the Northern Rail-\\nway was sent to the junk-shop. Emblazoned letters upon the", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. 8/\\ncab spelled the word Tahanto. But this evokes no memories\\nit is a name but it is no more, and may as well be that of a\\ncloud at midnight. The roar of iron and the rush of steam have\\nsupplanted the war-cry of the savage, but to-day the path of the\\nshining steel follows northward the ancient trail to the home of\\nthe Arosagunticooks.\\nFAMOUS SQUAWS.\\nIt is not from choice that we have spoken slightingly of the\\nNipmuck squaw. She may have filled her place, and there is no\\ndoubt that wherever her home it was humble. But she must be\\nput without prejudice in the column of silent factors passing\\naway without sign. Record, journal, memoir, narrative or his-\\ntory, shed little lustre upon her life or character fiction and\\npoetry have alone befriended her. The eldest daughter of Pas-\\nsaconaway, by her marriage with the great Nobhovv, became a\\nqueen, but not even her name survives. Her younger sister,\\nthe fair Wetamoo, became the bride of a seven-syllabled son of\\nPaugus and has been apotheosized in Whittier s verse. The\\nwedded life of Wetamoo was not a happy one the youthful pair\\nsoon separated and she went back to the paternal tie-up in Der-\\nryfield, where she held court for many years as a grass-widow.\\nThese are the facts the rest is fancy.\\nAfter all, it is but a step from the dawn of tradition to our\\nown times with a stroke ot the pen, the turning of a leaf, we\\npass to the century of base ball and cotton batting.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER IX.\\nA SERMON ON FISH THE TRANSITION PERIOD EARLY OCCUPATION AND\\nSETTLEMENT.\\nAll narrators recount the same fish-stories about the falls of\\nAmoskeag. Great salmon and salmon-trout, shad, and even the\\nsturgeon were plentiful, while ale-wives and lamprey-eels were\\nso numerous as to impede navigation. Probably the most com-\\nplete account of the manner of taking these fish is found in Pot-\\nter s History of Manchester.\\nEarly in the last century there was printed a curious sermon,\\nthe title-page of which is as follows Business and Diversion\\ninoffensive to God, and necessary for the Comfort and Support\\nof human Society. A Discourse utter d in Part at Ammauskeeg-\\nFalls, in the Fishing-Season. 1739. Boston, Printed for\\nS. Kneeland and T. Green in Queen-Street. Mdccxlim.\\nThe very quaint dedication is as follows: To the Honora-\\nble Theodore Atkinson, Esq and Others the Worthy J- atrons of\\nthe Fishing at Ammauskeeg. Gentlemen, It s not to signify to\\nothers that I pretend to an Intimacy with you or that I ever had\\na Share in those pleasant Diversions, which you have innocently\\nindulged yourselves in, at the place where I have taken an an-\\nnual Tour for some Years past. Yet I doubt not you l Patronize\\nmy Intention, which is to sence against Bigottry and Supersti-\\ntion. All Excess I disclaim, but pretend to be a Favorer of\\nReligion, and of Labour as an Ingredient, and of Recreation as\\na necessary Attendant. I believe the Gentlemen who moved\\nme to preach there in some odd Circumstances, and those at\\nwhose Desire and Charge this Discourse is Printed, (asking\\ntheir Pardon if my Suggestion appear to them ungrounded were\\nmoved more from the uncommonness of the Thing, than any\\nThing singular in it. I have put off the Importunity for near", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD, 89\\nthese three years but least it should be, that I fear, it s being\\nseen by the World, I submit it to sight and Censure, So little\\nas I know you. Gentlemen, I heartily present it to you tho all\\nthe Reason that I intend to offer is, that we have fished upon\\nthe same Banks. And tho I know this will be no Bait, I am\\nfond of being esteemed, in the Affairs of Fishing. Gentlemen,\\nyour most Obedient and very humble Servant. Fluviatulis\\nPiscator.\\nThis sermon was by the Rev. Joseph Secombe, a minister of\\nKingston, New Hampshire, and was delivered before a mixed\\nassemblage of hunters, trappers, fishermen, settlers and Indians.\\nFrom the tone of the dedication it is evident that among his\\nhearers were a number of civil or military officers in the service\\nof King George the Second, together with other gentry-folk,\\nfrom Portsmouth, Ancient Dover, and Exeter. The some odd\\nCircumstances alluded to probably had reference to preaching\\nin the open air, perhaps to the mixed quality of the congrega-\\ntion. The most significant statement, however, is that to these\\nfishing-grounds he had taken an annual Tour for some Years,\\nand that the distinguished company, the Gentlemen of the ded-\\nication, had fished upon the same Banks. This very clearly\\nshows that the Amoskeag fisheries were not only known consid-\\nerably earlier than the spring of 1739, but that the sport cifforded\\nwas more enticing than that offered at Great Salmon Falls in\\nSomersworth or the falls of the Cocheco at Dover. Otherwise\\nwe should not hear of annual tours to Amoskeag, made by con-\\nsiderable parties, involving a journey of from thirty-five to forty\\nmiles through the wilderness. We shall be prepared to show\\nin another place that the reputation of Amoskeag as a great\\nhunting and fishing place was known to white men for much more\\nthan a hundred years before Secombe s sermon was delivered.\\nOur preacher chose his text from John 21-3, Simon Peter\\nsaith unto them, I go a Fishing. The discourse sets forth that\\nthe Apostles were fishers, and that fishing is innocent as Busi-\\n8", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "90 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nness or Diversion that in fishing we are so far from delight-\\ning to see our Fellow-Creature die, that we hardly think whether\\nthey live. We have no more of a murderous Tho t in taking\\nthem, than in cutting up a Mess of Herbage. That God has\\nimplanted in several Sorts of Fish, a strong Instinct to swim up\\nthese Rivers a vast Distance from the Sea. And is it not re-\\nmarkable, that Rivers most incumbered with P alls, are ever\\nmore full of Fish than others. Why are they Directed here\\nThe preacher concludes from his ingenious reasoning that, If\\nthey may be taken, any may make a Business of taking them\\nfor the Supply of others, and adds, If I may eat them for Re-\\nfreshment, I may as well catch them, if this recreate and refresh\\nme. It s as lawful to delight the Eye, as the Palate.\\nThe bulk and balance of the discourse is in the approved or-\\nthodox style of that age, with frequent reference to scripture\\ntexts, citations from the church fathers, Latin quotations, etc.\\nThe whole sermon seems to have been inspired by its romantic\\nsurroundings, and to be addressed not so much to unconverted\\nmen but more to a fellow-feeling of sportmanship in the minds\\nof his hearers. While the way was pointed to godly living, the\\npleasant invitation of foaming waters held fast his fancy, and in\\nthe sunlight the glint of leaping salmon made a present heaven\\nstronger to allure than the pictured joys of a new but remote\\nJerusalem.\\nTwenty-odd years ago certain enthusiastic citizens so exerted\\nthemselves as to move heaven and earth and the legislature, out\\nof which agitation a fish-way was built at Amoskeag, to enable\\nsalmon and other fish so inclined to pass up to the headwaters,\\nto deposit their spawn at their leisure and return unmolested to\\nthe sea. Time and money were expended, the fish protected by\\nlaw, and everything was in readiness to revive the old time sport\\nexcept the salmon and Massachusetts. It was said the fish-ways\\nat Lowell and Lawrence were constructed, either in ignorance\\nor by design, to prevent the passage of fish. Finally, after long", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. 9I\\nwaiting, a few stray salmon, accompanied by a small colony of\\neels, actually made their way to the foot of Amoskeag falls and\\npossibly some passed up the fish-way. Great things were hoped\\nbut never realized each spring the number grew less, and in a\\nfew years entirely ceased. The fish-way is falling to pieces with\\nrot, the fish commissioners of two great states catch nothing but\\ntheir salary, and the dream is over. The real clifificulty, however,\\nwas not so much in the way as in the water; this had become\\nso contaminated by the wash and refuse of mills and the sewer-\\nage of cities that fish would not enter a stream loaded with saw-\\ndust, colored with dye-stuffs, and flavored with extract of gar-\\nbage and gas-works. As with felled forests game-animals and\\nbirds have departed, so from our polluted streams the noble sal-\\nmon has disappeared and these are among the sorry penalties\\nexacted in exchange for calico and gingham.\\nTHE TRANSITION PERIOD.\\nNot the least curious and interesting portion of the early his-\\ntory of Derryfield is the transition period that stretch of time\\nduring which the white man appeared while the Indian had not\\nyet departed. For the sole purpose of setting forth in orderly\\nsequence the procession of events leading to permanent settle-\\nments in North America, we introduce the following dates as\\nlandmarks: The Cabots, under Henry VII, in 1497, seventeen\\nmonths before Columbus touched the mainland of America\\nVerazzano, 1524; Cartier, 1534. This is undoubtedly the date\\nof the first but not of the first permanent settlement. But the\\nfisheries at Newfoundland had in the meantime become known.\\nParkman says there is strong evidence that the trade began as\\nearly as 1504, and it is well established that in 15 17 Spanish,\\nFrench and Portuguese vessels were engaged in it he adds that\\nfrom 1527 the Newfoundland fishery was never abandoned. In\\n1578 more than three hundred and fifty vessels visited the banks,\\nand in 1607 there was an old French fisherman at Canseau who", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "92 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nhad sailed thither for forty-two successive years. We pass rap-\\nidly to De Monts, at Nova Scotia in 1604, wintering with the\\ncolony at St. Croix. During that year he wrote from the banks\\nof the St. Lawrence, The Indians tell us of a beautiful river\\nfar to the south, which they call the Merrimack. The dream\\nof this river haunted him, and in 1605 he accompanied Cham-\\nplain on a voyage of discovery southward along the coast. In\\nthat year we find him at the Isles of Shoals and Portsmouth har-\\nbor. Passing down the coast they discovered the Merrimack,\\nwhich Champlain named La Riviere du Gas, (duGuast) in\\nhonor of De Monts. In 161 1 the Jesuits came, to rescue the\\nperishing souls of the natives, and incidentally to become pro-\\nprietors of the greater part of the future United States and\\nBritish Provinces. To quote the text of Parkman, On the\\nbanks of James River was a nest of woe-begone Englishmen, a\\nhandful of Dutch fur-traders at the mouth of the Hudson, and\\na few shivering Frenchmen among the snow-drifts of Arcadia;\\nwhile deep within the wild monotony of desolation, on the icy\\nverge of the great northern river, the hand of Champlain upheld\\nthe fleur-de-lis on the rock of Quebec.\\nIn this brief recount of years we have almost unconsciously\\ndrawn the lines of a historical triangulation, with New Hamp-\\nshire at the centre. The converging lines, in the years imme-\\ndiately following, drew toward us from three cardinal points\\nsouth, east, and north. Nearly a full quarter-century elapsed\\nbetween the earliest white settlements at Quebec and Montreal\\nand that of the Plymouth colony in 1620 this was separated by\\nthirteen years from the date of the Popham colony at the mouth\\nof the Kennebec, in 1607, while the Piscataqua settlement in\\n1623 closely followed that at Plymouth. The whole time em-\\nbraced between 1600 and 1750 \u00e2\u0080\u0094a round century and a half\\nconstituted this great transition period from barbarity to civili-\\nzation. It is the task of the careful student of the past to illus-\\ntrate the striking details, at once picturesque and shameless, of\\nthis border-land of American history.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. 93\\nOCCUPATION AND SETTLEMENT.\\nIn the century preceding the first settlement upon the soil of\\nNew Hampshire numerous attempts at colonization had met\\nwith failure, and it will have been seen that the first permanent\\nsettlements, made respectively by the French, Dutch and Eng-\\nlish, were nearly contemporaneous. It is definitely known that\\nthere were not less than four great through Indian trails leading\\nfrom points upon the coast to the country of the St. Lawrence.\\nOne of these was from Portsmouth up the Salmon F alls valley,\\npassing to the east of Winnepesauke, west of Ossipee, and so\\nnortherly through the Pequauket region, leaving the White\\nHills to the left. This was the line of subsequent white exten-\\nsion from Exeter and Dover. The great Nipmuck trail followed\\nthe Merrimack, Pemigewasset and Baker River valleys, passing\\nMoosilauke on the right, over Warren summit, and thence up the\\nvalley of the Connecticut. This was likewise the line followed\\nby the stream of settlement from Massachusetts. These con-\\nspicuous routes, if they did not coalesque, were joined here and\\nthere by cross-country trails, one of these being from Ancient\\nDover, through old Chester to Amoskeag, to which further ref-\\nerence will be made.\\nThese old Indian ways were probably first trodden by the feet\\nof French explorers, nearly if not quite three centuries ago,\\naccompanied by Indian guides from Quebec, and their footsteps\\nwere followed northward a few years later by the English. The\\nPilgrim father played the double rdle of Puritan and pioneer\\nwhile austere and saintly, he was adventurous and daring. The\\nwilderness had no terrors and the sea no dangers to deter the\\nhearts of oak who in the wake of the Mayflower settlers every-\\nwhere pushed on beyond the Plymouth homesteads. Without\\nguide or compass they followed the fertile valleys ranging to the\\nnorth, camping only when arrested by the gloom of night. Be-\\nside the flowing waters each hunter halted where he wished and\\nchose his home.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "94 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nThere was another and darker side to the Puritan character.\\nHe was not only selfish but greedy compelled to be prudent,\\nhe became stingy. In a trade with his neighbor he stretched\\nthe tenth commandment and for the time being forgot the other\\nnine. It was small wonder that the rights of savages weighed\\nlittle in the presence of his wants, which he persuaded himself\\nwere necessities. It soon came to pass that bloody reprisals\\nfollowed Indian cruelty and outrage, the sole answer which a\\nbarbarous people could make to civilized treachery. The wasp\\ndid not sting until the nest was ravaged smarting with pain, in\\nhot revenge the spoiler trampled to death those whom he him-\\nself had driven to madness and revclt.\\nIn a review of the first contact of the whites with the Indians,\\nand by an impartial consensus of the records, the whole story of\\nthat contact, with scarcely an exception, is dishonorable to the\\nwhites. Bad faith and broken promises, advantage gained by\\nguile and dishonest diplomacy, were followed by encroachment\\nand dispossession. Through the centuries which have inter-\\nvened our children have been taught to revere the rugged vir-\\ntues of their Puritan ancestors poetry and romance, even the\\nhistoric page, has surrounded them with a shining aureola of\\nsanctity, but in this era of research and impartial scholarship an\\nawakened national conscience sees them beneath ihe deceitful\\nglamour of distance clothed upon with the old frailties of human-\\nity. Again we witness the old paradox of saint and sinner the\\none erects a church, but for convenience of the other the devil\\nbuilds a chapel hardby.\\nWithout a single exception, so far as disclosed by the record,\\nevery permanent settlement in New Hampshire was preceded\\nby an actual or quasi-occupation. This took various forms the\\nterritory afterwards formed into townships was early overrun\\nwith hunters, trappers, fishers, adventurers of all sorts some of\\nthese were employed by French companies in Canada, some by\\nthe Dutch traders of New Netherland. Others came from the", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. 95\\nMassachusetts colony, and many from the settlements at Ports-\\nmouth or Dover. The wilderness was threaded with lines of\\ntraps, running to and from depots of supplies, while to provide\\nnecessary storage for fur or other commodities bark-cabins and\\nlog-houses were built here and there at points of convenience.\\nWith the anival of each vessel from the old world, there came\\nan accession of rough and turbulent spirits, many with nothing\\nto lose and all inspired by the hope of gain. Fabulous stories\\nof wealth and exaggerated accounts of mineral treasures found\\nready acceptance, and the decks of vessels clearing for New\\nEngland were crowded with saints and swash-bucklers, dissen-\\nters and desperadoes. To these, indiscriminately, some of our\\ngenealogical cranks are crazy to trace their ancestry.\\nAlong all the avenues of exploration, on sea or land, by way\\nof lake or river, the wilderness was traversed some merely in-\\nspired by the strong lust of adventure, some inflamed by the\\nthirst for gold, others more soberly in search of homes. Out of\\nthese early exploitations came the first definite information of\\nthe character and topography of New England. Toiling through\\ndense forests, the sudden sight of a mountain was as welcome as\\nthe first glimpse of land to the mariner, and afforded a landmark\\nto direct his steps. One by one these great natural boundary\\nmarks were at least approximately located, lakes were plotted,\\nand the course of rivers roughly indicated, sketched perhaps up-\\non birch-bark maps with pencils of coal. Sometimes accompan-\\nied by friendly Indian guides, familiar with the territory, the\\nway was made easier; here a mountain or height of land, there\\na swamp or thicket was avoided here he was led past a broad\\nlake or conducted to river shallows where the stream offered a\\nfording place. One by one names were given to mountains,\\nrivers and lakes, or other natural features, and it is one of the\\nastonishing facts of the time that these early pioneers gener-\\nally accepted without question the names given by the Indians,\\nand that so many of these survive.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "96 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nIt is somewhat difficult for us to understand and appreciate the\\ntremendous difficulties to be overcome, the hardship and priva-\\ntion encountered, and the resolute courage required to face the\\ndangers that beset the first settlers, even in times of peace. The\\nmere exhibition of physical strength and endurance almost sur-\\npasses belief. Aside from the inseparable musket and hunting-\\nknife, powder-horn and shot, an axe or hatchet was always a part\\nof the outfit to these was frequently added a pack of blankets,\\na pot or frying-pan, and other utensils and tools, the combined\\nweight of which was often fifty or more pounds. In summer\\nthe pack was sometimes slung on poles, between two sets of\\nstalwart shoulders, or in winter drawn upon sledges, and the\\nvaried yield of the chase or the treasures of traps were trans-\\nported in like manner.\\nFurther evidence of this early occupation and settlement will\\nbe considered in the next and concluding part of the series, to\\nwhich will be added some sketches of home-life, churches and\\nschools, the whole to conclude with an account of the rise, de-\\ncline and fall of the Derryfield Social Library. These contribu-\\ntions will not at present bring the record of events later than\\nthe first quarter of the present century.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "(^optributiops\\nTO THE\\nJHistoryof Old Derryfield,\\nBY WILLIAM ELLERY MOORE.\\nPART FIFTH.\\nPRICE TWENTY-FIVE CENTS.\\n47546^", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "CONTRIBUTIONS\\nTO THE\\nHISTORY OF DERRYFIELD,\\nNEW HAMPSHIRE.\\nOCCUPATION AND SETTLEMENTS.\\nEARLY OCCUPATION AND FIRST SETTLEMENTS CONTINUED HOME LIFE-\\nCHUKCHES, SCHOOLS, ETC. THE DERRYFIELD SOCIAL LIBRARY\\nSUMMARY AND CONCLUSION.\\nBY WILLIAM E. MOORE.\\nA PAPER READ BEFORE THE\\nMANCHESTER HISTORIC ASSOCIATION.\\nPART V.\\nPRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR.\\nPRICE TWENTY-FIVE CENTS.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "ur/-\\n(j\\nEntered according to Act of Congress\\nIn the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington,\\nDistrict of Columbia.\\n1897.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "CONTRIBUTIONS\\nTO THE\\nHISTORY OF DERRYFIELD\\nBY WILLIAM E. MOORE.\\nCHAPTER X.\\nEARLY OCCUPATION AND SETTLEMENT CONCLUDED.\\nIn the preceding chapter the attempt was made to present a\\nlong-disrance view of the times preceding and immediately fol-\\nlowing the first permanent settlements in New England. Con-\\ntinuing the inquiry it will be our endeavor to ascertain and set\\nforth in order the dates of the first authorized expeditions into\\nNew Hampshire.\\nThe first patent granted by the London Company to the May-\\nflower Pilgrims was applied for in 1617 and granted in 1619.\\nLanding and luncheon over, like cats in strange garrets, these\\ncolonists sent out exploring parties in every direction, and were\\nnot long in discovering the Merrimack, which they approached\\nin the neighborhood of Haverhill, the course of the river at that\\npoint being nearly due east. Disregarding an earlier patent of\\n1606, under which some abortive attempts at colonization took\\nplace, we come next to the Gorges and Mason patent of 1620,\\nsuperseded in 162 1 by what was then known as the Mariana\\ngrant. It is only necessary for our purpose to remember that\\nthe grantors were so ignorant of the territory granted that they\\nhad supposed the east and west course of the Merrimack contin-\\nued to its source, which was thought to be Lake Champlain. In", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "100 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\n1622, however, another patent to Gorges and Mason conveyed\\nwhat was known as the Laconia grant, including land situated\\nbetween the Rivers of Merrimack and Sagadehock, extending\\nback to the great lakes and rivers of Canada. Under this last\\ngrant settlements were simultaneously made at Portsmouth and\\nDover Neck, in the spring of 1623. In March, 1627, a grant to\\nHenry Roswell conveyed the territory between a line running\\nfrom the Atlantic ocean three miles south of the mouth of the\\nCharles River, and every part thereof, and a line extending from\\nthe Atlantic ocean, three miles north of the Merrimack river and\\nevery part thereof. How far inland this great paralellogram\\nextended from the sea no one knew, and at that time no one be-\\nlieved, not even the grantees, that the northern limit extended\\nmore than three miles beyond an east and west line projected\\nfrom Newburyport to Haverhill. The last fatal misconception\\nwas the source of much subsequent trouble and disagreement,\\nthe last echo of which did not die for two hundred and seventy\\nyears, when the boundary line between New Hampshire and\\nMassachusetts was finally and definitely agreed upon in favor\\nof Massachusetts.\\nUp to this time every grant and patent, and all the territory\\nheld or claimed to be held under them, as well as every occupa-\\ntion and settlement, were made in entire disregard of the right\\nor ownership of the Indians to any of the territory in question.\\nIn the spring of 1629, however, the famous Wheelwright deed\\nwas executed by Passaconaway and three other owners of the\\nsoil in fee simple, conveying an extensive tract of land for a con-\\nconsideration of ten or twelve pounds in lawful money. This\\ndeed was subsequently pronounced a forgery, but no sufificient\\nproof has been produced to show that it was not a genuine con-\\nveyance. Our interest in the question is mainly historical and\\nespecially in the local trend of the northerly line, described in\\nthe instrument as passing through the present towns of Straf-\\nford, Northwood, Deerfield, Candia, Hooksett and Manchester,", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. lOI\\nthus covering the whole of our title to Derryfield and the lands\\nimmediately adjoining. It is of further interest to remember\\nthat the identical territory thus acquired by purchase under this\\ndeed was afterwards, in November of the same year, granted to\\nMason by the Council of Plymouth, at his request. No con-\\nsideration was mentioned, but the obvious inference is, in the\\nlight of all the known subsequent facts, that this new grant was\\ndesigned not only to repudiate the Passaconaway deed but to\\nforever disallow an Indian claim of ownership anywhere. Thus\\nearly did these god-fearing and land-loving people of Massachu-\\nsetts covet the soil, and from that time on they grabbed what\\nwas in sight and claimed the remainder.\\nIn the meantime the Roswell patent of 1627 had been merged\\nin an exclusive and inclusive charter from King George to the\\nGovernor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay in New\\nEngland. It is scarcely necessary to explain that this charter\\nincluded Boston. About this time the authorities discovered\\nwhat had long been known to hunters and rangers in the north\\ncountry that the Merrimack made a great right-angled bend at\\nDracut and thereafter ran northerly, whereupon not only their\\nmaps but the plan of possession was modified accordingly, and\\na new boom of geographical discovery and exploration was born.\\nScouts and surveyors were at once privately commissioned to\\nspy out the land and report. Some years passed, during which\\na number of expeditions were quietly set on foot to explore the\\ncountry in various directions, some of which followed the coast,\\nsome the Merrimack and others the Connecticut valley.\\nFrom these various sources of information the Massachusetts\\nBay people took their cue, and in 1638 openly sent out a com-\\nmittee to find out the most northerly part of the Merrimack\\nRiver. The committee rejDorted that some part of it above\\nPenacook was more northerly than forty-three and a half de-\\ngrees. This means literally, allowance for error considered,\\nthat upon reaching Franklin the committee took the Pemige-", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "102 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nwasset branch, which they followed beyond Plymouth and past\\nBaker river to the neighborhood of Woodstock. Here they\\nwould naturally halt for two reasons First, the Pemigewasset\\nnear this point divides into a net-work of headwater streams, of\\nwhich the East Branch, Hancook, and Franconia are the chief.\\nSecond, the explorers would find themselves in a veritable cul\\nde sac formed by the mountains on the right the water-shed of\\nSawyer and Swift rivers, tributaries of the Saco on the left the\\nwater-shed of Baker river, and in front the steep dividing crest,\\ndown whose northern slope the Wild Ammonusuc tears down\\nto the Connecticut. On the other hand the committee may\\nhave followed the valley of Baker river to Warren. Here they\\nwould have been surrounded by a circular sweep of mountains,\\namong them Mt. Carr, Mt. Kineo and Moosilauke it is likely\\nthe way by Baker river would be chosen, rather than that of the\\nPemigewasset, as the old Indian trail followed the former. On\\nthe other hand they must have halted before reaching the height\\nof land at Warren summit had they climbed to this point they\\nwould have seen the white foam of trout-streams tumbling down\\ntoward the north, might have caught glimpses of the frightful\\nprecipice of Owl s Head, and could not have failed to see spread\\nbefore them the broad valley of the Connecticut, with the great\\nox-bow in Haverhill. None of these things were alluded to in\\nthe report of the 1638 committee. It is equally certain they did\\nnot follow the Winnepesauke, since the lake would have been\\nencountered before the parallel of 43/^\u00c2\u00b0 was reached, but the\\nlake is likewise unmentioned. So that we are forced to con-\\nclude either that this committee followed the Pemigewasset,\\nthat they were themselves mistaken as to the distance traversed\\nor that they made a false report.\\nIn 1639 another committee was sent to find out the north-\\nernmost part of Merrimack river. This committee must have\\nmade a lame and inconclusive survey, for they established the\\nline at a great pine tree three miles north of the junction of the\\nPemigewasset and Winnepesauke.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. IO3\\nEarly in 1652 still another commission was appointed by the\\nGeneral Court of Massachusetts, to establish the north head of\\nthe Merrimack, and on the first of August, 1652, it was formally\\nfixed at 43\u00c2\u00b0 40 12 namely, at the outlet of Winnepesauke,\\nwith an allowance of three miles more north, wch run into the\\nLake. Thus, with rare forecast, the surveyors drove all other\\ncontrary-thinking people into deep water. This was the famous\\nEndicott Rock expedition, concerning which there has been\\nmuch misdirected enthusiasm. Upon the soil of the Bay Slate\\nthe shaft at Bunker Hill bears witness to the unselfish heroism\\nand self-sacrifice of the sons of New Hampshire the monument\\nat the Wiers commemorates an act of Puritan greed and perfidy,\\ncommitted against men of their own blood and lineage. The\\nheirs of Mason, the assigns of Gorges, the possessors by pur-\\nchase, and every claim of occupancy whatsoever was for years\\nstubbornly denied by Massachusetts. Forced construction of\\ncharters, chicanery, indirection, falsehood and fraud failing to\\nbe sufficient, the General Court resorted to threats of force, in\\nturn followed by arrest or banishment. The whole history of\\nthis usurpation, however, is too black to be painted.\\nAll of these expeditions, with others set on foot by other par-\\nties in interest, passed directly through Derryfield and around\\nAmoskeag Falls and yet we are soberly told that these were\\nfirst discovered in 1739, a hundred years later than the excur-\\nsion of the first Massachusetts committee.\\nWe should be glad to believe that the Apostle Eliot preached\\nand taught at Amoskeag. Potter labors to show that he came\\nhere by invitation of Passaconaway a little later than 1650, and\\nasserts that here were a number of praying Indians who were\\npreached and prayed to, and that schools for the youth were also\\nestablished. In 1648 Eliot wrote, with undoubted reference to\\nAmoskeag, There is another great fishing place about three\\nscore miles from us, whether I intend (God willing) to go next\\nspring. In 1649 he again writes, I had and still have a great", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "I04 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\ndesire to go to a great fishing place, Namaske, upon the Merri-\\nmack river. In the same letter he adds, But in the spring\\nwhen I should have gone, I was not well, so that I saw the Lord\\nprevented me of that journey. There is no direct evidence that\\nEliot ever carried out his intention, or that he came farther in\\nthis direction than Nashua. But it is important to note this\\ncumulative evidence that Amoskeag was not only thus early\\nknown, but that it had been long familiarly known as a great\\nfishing place.\\nLet us now briefly trace the course of advancing settlements\\nin this direction from Massachusetts. Many towns contiguous\\nto Boston were early settled, several of which, like Rehoboth,\\nembraced extensive tracts afterwards formed into three or more\\ntownships. The date of settlement is given for Beverly, 1630;\\nAndover, 1634; Newburyport, 1633; Salisbury, 1639; Haver-\\nhill, 1640, and Dunstable in 1659. A considerable number of\\nother towns in Massachusetts were settled between the latter\\ndate and 1700, but few in southern New Hampshire. This was\\nmainly owing to the fact that comparatively few emigrants came\\nto New England during the period following 1640, and it is said\\nthat for a century and a quarter thereafter more people went\\nback to England than came hither. These facts have been too\\noften overlooked by historical students, who found it diflficult to\\naccount for the delay in making settlements in this part of New\\nEngland. The rigor of the climate, the fear of wild beasts and\\nIndians, even necessary hardship and privation, had less effect\\nin checking the tide of immigration than the dis .llusion of the\\ndream of wealth in which many of the earlier adventurers had\\nindulged. The golden bui)ble had been pricked, no longer com-\\npelling by its false and glittering allurements.\\nOld Dunstable, a portion of which was settled as early as 1659,\\nembraced more than two hundred square miles, and out of this\\nseven entire townships and parts of several others were subse-\\nquently carved. Litchfield was one of these, where a claim of\\nsettlement is made as early as 1656.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DEKRYFIELD. 10$\\nFollowing the list of towns referred to above we find Pelham,\\n1721 Amherst, 1728; Goffstown and Bedford, 1733, and Derry\\nand Londonderry, 17 19.\\nLooking to the east we see the settlers creeping toward us\\nin much the same order, from Exeter and Dover. From these\\ntowns the people came to the Merrimack valley and became ac-\\nquainted with its fisheries long before 1650. As to this western\\nextension of our sea-coast towns most historians begin with the\\nrecords and not with the facts. They agree in assigning 1719\\nas the date of settling the Chestnutt Country, afterwards\\nWalnut Hill, Cheshire, and finally Chester. Charles Bell s\\nnotes are extremely valuable, although written when he was but\\neighteen years of age. He died young, as the editor s preface\\nnaively says, at the early age of 29^ years, and in his death\\nthe state lost a born historian. The courts have always claimed\\nthat records make the best witnesses but there are others\\nand although we are historically limited to 17 19 we shall attempt\\nto project the reverted eye to an earlier date. For some years\\nmany towns not included in Ancient Dover were within the lim-\\nits of Exeter, and those not in either were included in Chester,\\nwhich embraced Epping, Raymond, Candia, Auburn, Hooksett,\\nand parts of other territory known to the geography of guess-\\nwork. The early surveyors ran lines hither and yon, forcing a\\nbalance among the figures read from their rickety transits, but\\nbeing always careful to add, include and reckon enough, with an\\nextra allowance for error. So these early surveys, reinforced by\\nconjecture, allotted the whole woodland acreage about us, with\\nthe exception of Derryficld, which was providentially reserved\\nfor greater things.\\nHere we are impertinent enough to inquire, Why not Derry-\\nfield Let these four points be remembered That the first step\\nwas discovery, the second occupation, the third either grant and\\nsurvey or survey and grant as it might happen, and fourth an\\nactual settlement. In the case of Derryfield the surveyors hes-", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "I06 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nitated and finally halted, not because they were weary nor at the\\ncommand of conscience, nor elsewise by any claim of prior grant\\nor survey, but because they found the soil occupied and actual\\nsettlers in possession. This fact alone strongly reinforces our\\nclaim that the accepted dates must be revised and put back to\\na time certainly not later than the year 1700 and undoubtedly\\nmuch earlier,\\nA society was formed in 1719 for settling the Chestnutt\\ncountry. The members were familiar with the land they de-\\nsired to erect into a township, for they had hunted and fished in\\nit for years and had eaten of its nuts. The record recites that\\na previous petition had been preferred in the autumn of 17 18,\\nby virtue of which the petitioners claimed some rights, setting\\nforth that they had been at a vast expense of blood and treas-\\nure to maintain the same against the enemy. No precise de-\\nscription is given of the enemy, but it was intended that those\\nto whom they ever prayed should believe them to be Indians,\\nthough we are inclined to think them certain down-country peo-\\nple from Haverhill, who then claimed to have an Indian deed to\\nthe whole territory. In any event nothing is more certain than\\nthe fact that a considerable number of hunters, trappers, fisher-\\nmen and scouts, if not actual settlers, had ranged back and forth\\nfor years before the society was formed and that the organiza-\\ntion was only a step taken to keep what they already had, and\\nat the very least to prevent others from getting it.\\nThere was at this time and had been from time immemorial\\nwhat was known far and wide as the Pennacook Path, which\\nran all the way from Exeter through Chester, passing over the\\neast shoulder of Mine Hill and so on by Jake Chase his house,\\nto the present highway in Auburn thence, skirting the Auburn\\nshore to Sucker Village, the trail turned west, making a detour\\nnorthward around the Merrill brook swamp, and again easterly,\\nleaving the Massabesic to the south, thence to Amoskeag and\\nby way of the Merrimack valley to Concord. We are informed\\nthat the nearer easterly section of this path ran through Sam", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. 10/\\nBell s orchard, and down over Wilson Hill south of the poor-\\nfarm to the old falls road. There was a similar path to King-\\nston, another to Haverhill by way of Tyngsborough. At about\\nthe same date the bridge over Exeter river was only passable\\nfor foot-passengers or riders in single file, but was made con-\\nvenient for carts in 1720. It is said the incorporators of old\\nChester had no shadow of right upon which to base their peti-\\ntion, which was only granted by preference over earlier combin-\\nations, although the secretary credited himself with five shillings\\nfor a copy of an Indian deed. This was one of the pretences\\nearly employed by our forefathers, as it was an easy matter to\\ninduce any Indian under the seduction of Jamaica rum to affix\\nhis mark to a deed or any number of them, and the wily settlers\\nwere quick to employ these opportunities.\\nThat the soil of Chester was occupied by actual settlers long\\nbefore 1719 is sufficiently shown by the action of the new pro-\\nprietors at their first meeting, when the selectmen were empow-\\nered to eject all trespassers upon the land covered by Governor\\nShute s charter, and a committee was subsequently chosen for\\nthe same purpose.\\nIn August, 1737, Chester had a visit from Goverror Belcher,\\nand in the earliest account of his tour we read that His Excel-\\nlency was much pleased with the fine soil of Chester, the extra-\\nordinary improvements at Derry, and the mighty fall at Skeag.\\nThis was two years before the date of Secombe s famous sermon\\nat the falls, and conclusively shows that even at that date there\\nwere good bridle-paths from Portsmouth to Amoskeag and from\\nthe falls to Derry. As a matter of fact nearly every part of the\\nterritory under consideration was much better known and easier\\nof access than the historians would have us believe.\\nIn May, 1739, John McMurphy was granted a privilege to\\nbuild a grist-mill at Massabesic River, below the great fall,\\nprovided said McMurphy shall not stop or impede the course\\nof the fish up the said river, but shall and will leave, continue\\nand make sufficient passage for that purpose. This allusion", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "I08 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nto great falls upon what we now know as Cohas Brook very\\nclearly indicates that a much heavier volume of water commonly\\nfiowed from the lake at that date than has been known for two\\ngenerations. The cause of the present greatly decreased and\\ndiminishing flow is obviously to be attributed to the disappear-\\nance of the great forests. The object of this old provision for a\\nfish way was to protect the ale-wives in their run to the lake, as\\nthey furnished a considerable food-supply to the settlers. Laws\\nwere also passed to prevent the killing of deer and Deer In-\\nspectors were duly appointed. On the other hand a bounty of\\ntwenty shillings was offered for each head of a full-grown\\nwolfe. In this year more than twenty wolves were killed in\\nChester and Derryfield, of which John Stark killed two.\\nIn 1745 a man by the name of Bunten was killed by Indians\\nin Hooksett, He was from Pelham and on his way to Penacook,\\nfollowing the old path to which reference has been made.\\nThe 1719 Chester petition before referred to was signed by\\nabout 100 hand, and modestly asked for a tract on the east to\\nKingston and Exeter, on the south to Haverhill, and on the\\nWest and North to ye woods. This elastic piece of waiste\\nland, originally intended to be eight miles square, was after-\\nwards increased to ten and finally to fourteen, which was untler\\nthe limit, and extended from the Exeter line westerly to the\\nMerrimack north of the Derryfield reservation. This latter ap-\\npears to have been first known as Harrytown or Henrysburg,\\nand originally consisted of about eight square miles, but in 175 1\\neighteen square miles from Chester and nine from Londonderry\\nwere added.\\nAt various dates between 1639 and 1733 the Massachusetts\\ncentury of dishonor that commonwealth made an extensive\\nseries of land grants in the disputed northern territory, ranging\\nas far north as Lake Winnepesauke. These gr.mts were of two\\nclasses, those given to friends and supporters of her claims and\\nthose made to soldiers. It was well understood that none others", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. IO9\\nneed apply. Many of the grants issued to soldiers who had en-\\ngaged in the old French and Indian wars were hastily made, the\\nbounds illy defined and the land hard to locate. Whole town-\\nships were granted by guesswork. Of these the record remains\\nas to Bow, Todds-Town, Beverly-Canada and Bakerstown. Of\\nother early grants known to have been made one was of a part\\nof Derryfield, but the records are lost, and we are inclined to\\nbelieve this to have been the original Harrytown grant. The\\ncharter for Derryfield was not issued till 175 1, and did not even\\nthen include that part of old Harrytown near Martin s Ferry,\\nwhich was added later. The evidence as to Bow and Dunbar-\\nton is conclusive and the lines stand. Some grants were early\\nsettled while others were not but the Derryfield grantees came\\nwithout delay, the fishery alone presenting the principal induce-\\nment, much of the soil being very poor.\\nNot a few towns changed names from three to si.x times in ten\\nyears, were granted and regranted to differing parties, lines and\\nbounds over-ran, fell short or conflicted, and order only came\\nafter the Revolution, when the original claimants, like Gridley,\\nhad died out of court and chancery. The history of those old\\nclaims and counter-claims, though full of stirring incidents, can\\nnever be written many a settler defended his homestead gun\\nin hand against the emissaries of the Great and General Court\\nof Massachusetts, and his dogs were trained to discover in the\\nwind the smell of Boston. In the general absence of fences, cat-\\ntle and hogs ranged at long and at large, and we read of farmers\\nwho turned out cows to graze in Haverhill and the next day\\nfound them in Hooksett. Thus here and there are caught brief\\nglimpses projected upon the scene by the side-lights of history.\\nThe most patient research and scholarship is in our day engaged\\nin unravelling the tangled threads of our early colonial annals,\\nand in this task any contribution, however slight, must be of\\nvalue, and to this end we have labored.\\nThe date of the settlement of Salisbury, for instance, is given\\nas 1748, and yet it is traditional that as many as eight families", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "no CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nresided in the township before that year, the Mink Hills hav-\\ning been known and named in 1737, and Kearsarge certainly as\\nearly as 1657. A similar state of facts is generally true of all\\nthe earlier townships.\\nNutfield gives a good example of historical uncertainty, the\\nprobable occupation ranging from 1629 to 17 19, the latter date\\nalone standing for settlement. But it is known that not less\\nthan four Indian deeds previously passed to the whole or a por-\\ntion of that territory, one of which from Indian John was dated\\nMarch, 1701. In one deed the description recites a certain\\ntract of land about thirty miles square, to run from the Merri-\\nmack river eastward and so up the country. In another the\\nnortherly bound was the westerly part of Oyster river, which\\nis about four miles northerly beyond Lampereele river. As\\nOyster river is in Durham and the Lamprey in Raymond it is\\neasy to see the Nutfield people had a good margin.\\nFinally, the first presence of white men in Derryfield must be\\nput not later than 1636, the date of a probable survey by Bur-\\ndet, under instructions from Governor Winthrop, carried out by\\nCaptain Wiggin, and even at that time the route was familiar to\\nhunters and scouts, to which the record adds artists, which\\nterm was probably intended to mean surveyors. Waldron s\\ntestimony is conclusive as to this point. Peter Weare says that\\nsince 1637 he had in the same way become familiar with the\\nsame region, he having oftentimes travelled the country, and\\nsome of the natives always with him. He adds that he had\\nbeen on a great mountain north of Lake VVinnipicioket. All\\nthese expeditions went up the Merrimack because that river was\\nthe bone of contention, and without doubt followed and contrib-\\nuted to make the famous Pennacook Path. We find also the\\nrecord of Woodward and Stratton s survey in 1638, of Wood-\\nward, Howlet, Jacob Clarke and Manning, in 1639, and after\\nthat a deluge of expeditions by opposing factions. Some of these\\nlong-lost records may yet be brought to light.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. Ill\\nThe earliest map of the Merrimack river from its source to its\\nmouth is also the latest discovered, but is unfortunately without\\ndale. It is finely drawn and certainly the work of an artist.\\nThe plot gives the photography of the river, with lakes and\\nmountains on either side. It shows the islands, bends and falls\\nthe Uncanoonucks, Massabesic Lake and Amoskeag Falls are\\nlaid down, and the Suncook river is put where it belongs. The\\nwork is of such a character that the whole valley from Dun-\\nstable to Penacook is seen to have been pictured from an actual\\nsurvey, probably the first undertaken by competent hands.\\nWe cannot now further prolong our researches in this field of\\ninquiry. We have purposely abandoned the beaten route hith-\\nerto followed by historians, and have hazarded an attempt to\\nrevise some of their conclusions by methods of historical deduc-\\ntion. Wherever possible ascertained dates have been assigned,\\nand whenever by reasonable inference these were found to be\\nmisleading the known facts have been compared and the logical\\ninterpretation followed. In concluding our pictures of the past\\nwe may be pardoned for renewing the suggestion that we claim\\nfor them nothing not included in the title chosen, and that they\\npretend to be no more than contributions. Should these serve\\nto awaken a new dawn of inquiry and rouse the spirit of research\\nthe writer will be well contented.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XI.\\nHOME LIFE, CHURCHES AND SCHOOLS THE DERRYFIELD SOCIAL LIBRARY\\nSUMMARY AND CONCLUSION.\\nThe home life of the first settlers of Derryfield, so far as the\\ndirect testimony can be relied upon, was in marked contrast to\\nthat of most New England settlements, and outwardly presented\\nfew characteristic Puritan features. All accounts agree in pro-\\nnouncing them generally a rough lot, much more closely resem-\\nbling the frontiermen of our own day than the traditional relig-\\nious community of that age. The negative evidence as to this\\npoint is still stronger, as the record discloses no movement or\\norganized effort to provide for preaching or religious teaching of\\nany sort whatever public means of grace and an active spread\\nof the gospel were of so little impt)rtance as utterly to escape\\nthe notice of local historians. If gospel privileges were enjoyed\\nthe opportunities were wide apart. There were no settled min-\\nisters, no stated supply, and occasional preaching was as rare as\\nearthquakes. Before Secombe s salmon-sermon in 1739 it is not\\ncertainly known that any religious exercise or exhortation what-\\never took place within the limits of Derryfield, nor for rather\\nmore than a quarter of a century thereafter.\\nThe rehgious record or non-record would be amusing if it\\nwere not distinctly disgraceful. Potter says McDowell probably\\npreached here now and then before 1754, in which year the\\ntown voted to build a meeting house, but this was the next year\\nreconsidered. In 1758 the frame was raised and the building\\nboarded and shingled in 1759, though still without underpinning\\nand having but one door, one layer of rough flooring and no\\npews, and this skeleton of the visible church was then badly in\\nneed of repairs. Fifteen years later, though some preaching in-\\ntervened and the Rev. George Gilmore was called, the call was\\nnot answered, and the ravages of decay continued to affect both\\nGod s house and people.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. II3\\nThe Revolution now became matter of concern to the exclus-\\nion of a multitude of interests there was no Sunday for soldiers\\nor citizens, and the cause of Zion languished. In 1780 an effort\\nto repair the building failed, three years later the repairs were\\nnot completed, and this state of affairs continued without better-\\nment until 1790, at which time the pew-ground of the main\\nfloor was sold at public auction, and the gallery area similarly\\ndisposed of three years later. But the gallery pews were never\\nbuilt and no part of the house ever finished. In the thirty-five\\nyears which had elapsed the progress of decay had outstripped\\nthe process of repair. Potter says, The house was fit for a\\nplace of worship at no time, but in summer and of a fair day it\\nanswered better than a barn. The old, weather-beaten struc-\\nture is well remembered by the writer, and remained in a dilap-\\nidated condition in Hallsville till 1853, when it was sold, moved\\na short distance, and converted into a dwelling-house block,\\nwhich is still standing.\\nThroughout this entire period we hear next to nothing about\\nschools. It is said there were none in Derryfield before or dur-\\ning the Revolution, and Dr. Wallace asserts that no steps pro-\\nductive of actual results were taken until some years later than\\n1788, and adds that for nearly a century after the settlement\\nof the town there was neither lawyer, physician or minister\\namong its permanent inhabitants. It is certain there was no\\nschoolhouse untill 1795, and even that was built by private sub-\\nscription, none being built by vote of the town earlier than the\\nyear 1798, possibly later.\\nIn such a community the morals of the people must have kept\\npace with their ignorance and inattention to godliness. The\\npursuits of fishing, hunting and river-rafting were not calculated\\nto favor a devout frame of mind, and the conventional restraints\\nof the church were lacking. A considerable number of the ear-\\nlier inhabitants were rollicking, devil-may-care roysterers, who\\nspent their spare time in wresting, bowling, or pitching horse-\\n10", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "ii4 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nshoes for pennies, accompanied with a daily diet of rum. The\\nrecords show frequent brawls and fighting, sometimes among\\nthemselves, sometimes with kindred spirits from Londonderry,\\nwho were not averse to liquor at home or abroad. The annual\\nreproduction of Donnybrook Fair by our Scotch-Irish neighbors\\nincluded the more lively features of its old-world model. The\\nreverend historian of Londonderry, with an unusual devotion to\\ntruth, says that this fair proved a moral nuisance, attracting\\nchiefly the more corrupt portion of the community and exhibit-\\ning for successive days in each year scenes of vice and folly in\\nsome of their worst forms. These fairs were attended by large\\ndelegations of the rougher element of Derryfield. Our limits\\npermit us to give no more than the setting and outline of the\\npicture details are not difficult to be supplied, since the same\\ncauses and like effects still surround us.\\nDERRYFIELD SOCIAL LIBRARY.\\nAn opportunity has been afforded us to examine the book of\\nrecords of the Social Library, which has never been printed.\\nContrary to our first design, which contemplated a mere epito-\\nme, we have thought best to reproduce the entire record, with\\nthe exception of the charter, which may be found in the first\\nnumber of the published papers of the Manchester Historic\\nAssociation. A verbatim copy follows\\nAt a Library Meeting held December 12th, 1796\\nVoted to form a society by the name of the Proprietors of The Social Li-\\nbrary in Derryfield\\nVoted To Raise Two Dollars on each Right or share\\nVoted Capt John Goffe Clerk to said Meeting\\nVoted Daniel Davis Receive the money purchase the books\\nAt a Library Meeting held January 12th 1797\\nVoted Capt John Goffe Moderator\\nVoted Daniel Davis Librarian Clerk\\nVoted Capt John Perham Daniel Davis John Goffe Inspectors", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "History of derryfield. ii^\\nAt a Library Meeting held on the 6th November 1797\\nVoted Capt John Goffe Moderator\\nVoted Daniel Davis Librarian Clerk\\nVoted That the Proprietors keep their books three months\\nVoted Capt John Perham, Daniel Davis, David Young Directors\\nVoted to accept Capt John Goffe book at 50 Cents\\nVoted To Raise Fifty Cents annually as an increasing fund to support\\nsaid Library\\nAt the Annual Meeting Held on Monday the 5th November 1798 At 4\\noClock P M\\nVoted Daniel Davis Moderator\\nVoted William Farmer Librarian Clerk\\nVoted Samuel P. Kidder, Daniel Davis, William Farmer Directors\\nVoted That the Words Derj-yfield Social Library Annual Meeting First\\nMonday itt A^ovcniber )hfi printed in each book belonging to said Library\\nVoted That the Fifty Cents as an increasing Fund be Omitted the ensu-\\ning year\\nVoted that the Two Vollumes of the Magazene shall be taken out Re-\\nturned as one other Vollume\\nAt the Annual Library meeting on the First Monday of November 1799\\nat Four O Clock P M\\nVoted Daniel Davis Moderator\\nVoted Daniel Davis Librarian Clerk\\nVoted To Raise Fifty Cents on a share the present Year\\nVoted Samuel P. Kidder, Daniel Davis William Farmer Directors\\nVoted that the Fifty Cents be paid to the Clerk by the 20th December next\\nVoted That Daniel Davis Purchase the books\\nVoted That new subscribers be admitted the year ensuing at two Dollars\\nEach share\\nVoted that no Proprietor that keeps a book three months shall take it out\\nagain at Return.\\nHere follows the Charter.]\\nAt a Meeting Legally Warned and holden on Monday 3d Novr 1800\\nVoted Capt John Perham Moderator\\nVoted William Farmer Librarian Clerk\\nVoted Samuel P. Kidder, Benja F. Stark Daniel Davis Directors\\nVoted To Raise Fifty Cents on each share for purchasing New Books\\nVoted Daniel Davis be the Person to purchase said Books\\nVoted to allow Danl Davis $1.60 Cts for Paines writing\\nVoted to Purchase two Blk Books one for the purpose of Making Records\\nthe other for accompts\\nVoted that the Clerk make the proper Records in said Books", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "tl6 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nVoted that Fifty Coppys of the Constitution be printed\\nVoted that Benjn F. Stark be the person to hire the aforesaid printing\\nVoted that any person may be admitted the ensuing year For two Dollars\\nVoted that the Directors be authoris d to purchase a book Case for the\\nuse of the Proprietors.\\nAt the Annual Meeting holden on the First Monday in Novr 1801 at the\\nHouse of Wm Farmer\\nVoted Lft Benja F. Stark Moderator\\nVoted Daniel Davis Librarian Clerk\\nVoted Samuel P. Kidder Daniel Davis John Perham Directors\\nVoted To Raise Fifty Cents on a share\\nVoted that the Librarian Collect all arrearages by the First Day of Janu-\\nary next ensuing\\nVoted that Daniel Davis Purchase the Books\\nVoted that New Proprietors Come in at Two Dollar the year Ensuing\\nThe Subscribers Finding it necessary to Call a special Meeting do hereby\\nNotify and warn the Proprietors of Derryfield Social Library to meet at the\\nDwelling House of Daniel Davis in said Derryfield On Monday the Fif-\\nteenth Day of March next at Four OClock P. M to Act on the Following\\nArticles (Viz)\\nist To Choose a Moderator to Regulate s d Meeting\\n2d To Choose a Clerk Librarian one Director for the Remainder of\\nthe present year A punctual attendance of the Proprietors with their Books\\nare Requested\\nDerryfield 24th Febry 1802 John Perham i\\nDaniel Davis Directors\\nSam l P Kidder\\nAt a Special Meeting Legally Warned Holden on Monday 15th March\\n1802 at the House of Daniel Davis\\nVoted Benja F. Stark Moderator\\nVoted Saml P. Kidder Clerk Librarian\\nVoted David Flint Director\\nWe the Subscribers acknowledge ourselves to be members of the Derry-\\nfield Social Library Company and promise to Conform to all rules and regu-\\nlations which may at any time be adopted by the society while we remain\\nmembers of said society\\nJames Grififin paid Asa Haseltine sold his rights to his son\\nPhilip Haseltine Jr Asa\\nJohn Dickey Jr paid David Flint\\nStephen Worthley Reuben Sawyer\\nPeter Hills Ephraim White\\nMoses Davis interest of John G. Moor Joseph Farmer Jr", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. II7\\nJames Parker Wm Walker\\nJesse Baker Israel Webster\\nMoses Heseltine for Pingrey James Nutt\\nAmos Weston William Perham\\nIsaac Huse David Webster Jr\\nJohn Proctor Job Rowell\\nElijah A. Nutt John Ray\\nJohn Hall Saml McAllaster\\nJohn Frye paid By Book No 30 David Adams\\nNathan Johnson paid Phinehas Pettengail\\nDaniel Hall Jr Ephraim Stevens\\nJohn Dwinell Paid Jacob Chase\\nSamuel Jackson John Stark Jr paid\\nNathaniel Conant Saml Moor Jr paid\\nPhinehas Bayley Stephen Moor\\nJohn Perham Joseph Moor paid\\nBenja F Stark Robert Hall in lew of John Gammel\\nSaml P Kidder Asa Heseltine 3rd\\nThese names were all signed in the handwriting of the subscribers. The\\nfollowing names were also written, but for some unknown reason were after-\\nwards crossed out with a pen: Benjn Leslie, Ann E Couch Paid Stephen\\nPingrey Wm Farmer transferd to John Gambel Mrs Edna Davis\\nAt a Library Meeting held on the first Monday of November 1802\\nVoted Lt Benj F Stark Moderator\\nVoted to admit new members at two Dollars Each\\nVoted to Relinquish John Tufts fines\\nVoted Saml Moor Jr Clerk and Librarian\\nVoted Saml P Kidder Saml Moor Jr Capt John Perham Benj F Stark and\\nDavid Adams directors\\nVoted to except the Constitution in lue of the old one that was lost\\nVoted that all fines due be paid the first of January 1803\\nAt the annual Library meeting held on 7th Novr 1803\\nVoted, John Stark Moderator.\\nVoted, to excuse Philip Heseltine Jr his taxes and fines for the Book case\\nVoted, Philip Heseltine Jr Librarian\\nCash on hand six Dollars and seventy two Cents\\nPhilip Heseltine\\nVoted, Samuel Hall Directors\\nWilliam Farmer\\nVoted, to buy Gordens History and Rollins, s antient History\\nAt the annual meeting of the members of Derryfield social Library held\\non the fifth of November AD 1804\\nVoted, to adjourn the meeting until the 12th of Novr\\nDerryfield 12th Novr 1804 meeting being opened according to adjournment\\nVoted, B F Stark Moderator\\nVoted, to admit new members at two Dollars each down", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "Il8 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nVoted, Samuel P Kidder Treasurer\\nB F Stark\\nSamuel Moor Jr\\nVoted, Capt John Perham Directors\\nJohn Stark Esq j\\nEphraim White J\\nVoted, the Directors meet the first Monday in February May and August\\nVoted, Benjamin Leslie Librarian and Clerk\\nVoted, that the Librarian collect all the Debts and fines that now is or\\nmay become Due the year ensuing\\nVoted, to give Lieut Daniel Davis two Dollars in full of all accounts he\\nhath against the society\\nVoted, to abate Samuel Hall his fine of twenty five Cents\\nDerryfield, November 4th 1805 at a Libraiarys Meeting held for the pur-\\npose\\nVoted Saml P Kidder Moderator\\nVoted to Choose three directors\\nNathaniel Moor\\nEphraim White\\nCapt John Perham\\nVoted Samuel P Kidder Treasurer\\nVoted New members be admitted for two Dollars\\nVoted to Choose an agent to Collect the tax and the fines that are due\\nVoted Capt Perham Collect the above tax c\\nVoted the Money be Collected in thirty days\\nVoted the directors overhall the Books and Select out such as they think\\nproper and sell them to the highest bidder this night\\nVoted to Choose an agent to lay out the money and purchas the new books\\nVoted Saml P Kidder purchas the Books\\nVoted Saml Moor Jr Librarian and Clerk\\nDerryfield November 3d 1806 Annual Meeting\\nThe proprietors of the Derryfield Social Library Met Novmr 3d agreeable\\nto Constitution and acted on the following articles\\nist Voted Capt Joseph Moor Moderator\\n2d Voted John G Moor Librarian and Clerk\\n3d Lt Job Rowell\\nVoted Benjamin Leslie\\nDirectors John G Moor\\n4th Voted that Each man pay the Money which is due Before he recev a\\nBook\\nVoted New members Come in at 2 Dollars Each\\nVoted to reconsider Capt Perham as Collector\\nVoted John G Moor Collector of the whole\\nVoted the Librarian Purchase the Books", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. 1 19\\nVoted the Librarian Call on the last years treasurer for Money which be-\\nlongs to the Library\\nDerryfield November 2nd 1807\\nAt an annual Meetino^ of the proprietors of the Derryfield Social Library,\\nholden at the house of John G Moor s in sd Derryfield, proceeded as follows\\nVoted ist Lt Job Rowell Moderator\\n2nd To ajourn this Meeting to the 2nd Monday in November to Meet at\\nJohn Hall s Jr in sd Town at four of the Clock Afternoon\\nNovemr 9th Mett according to ajournment\\nVoted Mrs Farmer Clerk Librarian\\nJames Nutt\\nVoted John Stark, Jr Directors\\nJob Rowell\\nVoted the Directors Collect all Taxes Moneys that shall be found due\\nVoted not to raise Money the present year\\nVoted the Directors sell all such Books as they may think proper\\nVoted to Reconsider the 4th article in a Meeting of the year 1806\\nAt a meeting of the proprietors of the Derryfield Social Library holden at\\nMrs Farmers house on February 8th 1808\\nVoted Joseph Moor Moderator\\nVoted To Excuse Mr Flint one Dollar for the two first Taxes Charged to\\nhim\\nVoted to relinquish 50c of Capt Moor s fine\\nVoted The remainder of the fines be Colected\\nVoted to Disolve this meeting\\nMrs Farmer Clerk C\\nDerryfield Novr 7th 1808\\nAt an anual Meeting of the proprietors of the Derryfield social Library,\\nholden at the hous of Mrs Farmer s in sd Derryfield preceded as follows\\nVoted ist Robt Hall Moderator\\nVoted 2d To ajourn this Meeting to the ist Monday in December next at\\nfour of the Clock P. M.\\nDecember 5th 1808\\nMet according to adjournment and Chose Amos Weston Clerk and Li-\\nbrayan\\nSamuel Moor Jr f\\nAmos Weston\\nVoted Joseph Moor Directors\\nJohn Adams\\nRobert Hall L\\nVoted the Directors Collect all the Money that shall be found due to Li-\\nbrary by the next annual meeting Voted the directors lay out the Money\\ndue to the Library and purchase the Books", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "I20 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nDerryfield 6th of November 1809 the proprietors of Derryfield social Li-\\nbrary met and voted as follows\\nist Voted to adjourn the meeting the 13 day of this month at 6 of the clock\\nP M\\nNovember 13th 1809 then met according to adjournment and Voted as fol-\\nlows ist Amos Weston Clerk and Librarian the present year\\n2nd Voted Amos Weston Collect all moneys due to the society and be\\ntreasurer\\n3rd Voted Isaac Huse Esq Robert Hall Saml Moor Jr be Directors the\\npresent year\\n4th Voted that new proprietors be admited to the society on paying two\\nDollars\\n5th Voted that the Laws of the State of New Hampshire be bought for\\nthe society\\n6th Voted that the Laws of New Hampshire be returned within forty five\\ndays from the time it is taken out\\n7th Voted the Directors purchase such Books as they see proper\\nManchester 5th of November 1810\\nAt an annual meeting of the proprietors of the Derryfield Social Library\\nholden at the house of Amos Weston in S d Manchester proceded as follows\\nVoted ist Isaac Huse Moderator of sd Meeting\\nVoted 2nd Amos Weston Clerk and Librarian\\nIsaac Huse\\nVoted 3d Samuel Moor Jr Directors\\nRobert Adams\\nManchester November 4th 181 1\\nAt an anual Meeting of the Proprietors of the Derryfield Social Library\\nholden at the house of Mr Amos Weston in said town proced as follows\\nVot ist Isaac Huse Moderator\\nVot 2nd to adjourn this Meeting to the last Monday in November\\nNovember 15 1811\\nMet according to adjournment Voted Isaac Huse Librarian and Clark\\nJob Rowell\\nVoted Robert Adams directors\\nJohn Perham\\nNovember 2d 1812 Four of the proprietors met and agreed to ajorn our\\nanual meeting to 16 Novr ins at 4 oclock P M\\nNovr i6th 1812 Met agreable to ajournment\\nVoted Samuel Moor Moderator\\nVoted Moses Haseltine Librarian clerk\\nVoted Capt Perham Job Rowell Robert Adams directors\\nVoted to Relinquish to Mr Ephraim White a claim of 50 cts", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. 121\\nVoted Isaac Huse Agent to Collect what appears to be due to the Incor-\\nporators\\nManchester November ist 1813 Isaac Huse Moderator the proprietors\\nMet and Agreed to ajorn our anuel meeting to the 15 of November Instant\\nat Six oclock P M\\nNovember the 15 1813 Met according to adjournment and voted to ajourn\\nto the twenty Ninth of November Instant Met acrding to ajournment and\\nprocded as follows Voted Robt Perham Libirian and Clark\\nRobert Adams\\nSamuel Moor Directors\\nJob Rovvell\\nNovember Manchester November 7th 1814 this Being the Day of the\\nanual Meatting For the Proprietors of the Manchester Socel Library Not a\\nNuf to hold a meaten or to Do Buseness Chose John G Moor Moderator\\nand adyourned the meating to this Day Fortnight at the house of Robert\\nPerrams at four Clock P M\\nNovember 21th this Day Met accordang to adjournment and Chose John\\nDwinnell Clark and lybrarein\\nAnd\\nSamuel Moor\\nSamuel P Kidder Durectors\\nJohn Stark Esq\\nNovember 6 1815\\nThe Members of Manchester Social Library Met and proceeded to the\\nChoice of officrs for the year ensuing\\nChoose John Stark Moderator John G Moor Clerk protem\\nChoose John Dwinel Clerk Librarian\\nIsaac Huse\\nDirectors John Stark\\nJob Rowel\\nVoted John Frye be Treasurer\\nVoted that the directer be authorized to examin the Books and sell at auc-\\ntion all such Books as they shall think propper for sale\\nVoted that new propritors be admitted for the usual price of $2.00\\nVoted to adjourn the meeting to the 20th November\\nattest John G. Moor Clerk p t\\nNovember 4th 1816\\nAt a meating of the Proprietors of the Derryfield Library holden at the\\nhouse of John Dwinell on Monday the 4th of November 1816 and preceded\\nas follows\\n1 Chose John Stark Esq Moderator\\n2 Chose John Dwinell Librarien and Clark and Colector and treausury\\nChose Isaac Huse\\nJohn Frye Drectors\\nJames Nutt C", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "122 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nNovember Monday the 3th 1817\\nat a meatin^ of a number of the Proprietors of the Manchester Library\\nholden at the house of John Dwinells and Chose Isaac Huse Esq Moderator\\nand Voted to agorn said meeting till the 17th Day of November instant at\\n4 oclock afternoon\\nNovember 17th 1817 the proprietors of the Social Library met according\\nto a agournment and Voted that Isaac Huse Esq stand Moderator of said\\nmeeting and Chose John Dwinell Clerk and libarien and Chose\\nJohn Dickey i\\nJohn Stark Esq Directors\\nand Nathan Johnson\\nand Chose Isaac Huse Colector and tresurer and Voted that all the fiens\\nDue on the Book be Corlected\\nVoted not to have anything to do with any Books of Elijah Nutt Except\\nthat one which was Excepted and that was the Columbian orator Price\\n$o^7S John Dwinell Clark\\nNovember Monday 2th 1818\\nthe members of the Manchester Sochal Library met and\\n1 Chose James Griffen Moderator\\n2 Chose John Dwinell Clark and Libaran\\n3 Chose James Nut\\nCapt Ephraim Stevens Jun Derectors\\nJohn Proctor\\n4 Chose Israel Webster 3 treasury\\n5 Chose James Nut Collecttor\\n6 Voted to adjorn this meeting till the first Mondy in febury Nex at 4\\noclock at the hous of said Dwinells\\nMonday Febary ist 1819 Som of the Propritors Met according to agorn-\\nment and Chose John Dicken Moderator Protem and Did adjorn said meet-\\ning till the first Monday in march next at 4 oclock\\nNovembr Monday the ith 1819\\nAt a meeting of the Proprietors of the Manchester Library Holden at the\\nHouse of John Dwinell and Quimby and Chose Isaac Huse Esq Moderator\\nand Chose John Dwinell Clark and librarien and Voted that the Clark Be\\nautherized to Examon all the Books that are taken out of the Librey from\\ntime to time and to Examon them when taken in and to see if any Damiges\\nare Don to any Book and to Prise the Damige Done and to keep a true a\\nCount of Said Damage and make a Return of the same to the Directors at\\nEach of their meetings and the Directors are to Exhibit the same at the\\naneuel Meeting and Chose Isaac Huse i\\nand Jobe Rowell Directors\\nand John Dickey", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. 123\\nNovembr Mondy the Sixth Day 1820\\nThis Day a full Number met at the house of John Dwinells and Elijah\\nQuimby of the members of the Sochal lybry in Manchester and Voted John\\nDwinell Moderator of said meeting\\nVoted John Dwinell Clark and lybarin and Voted Elisha Quimby for\\nClark Protem\\nChose Jams Grifin Directors\\nSamuel P k.dder Esq p\\nCapt Joseph Moor\\nVoted adjourn this Meeting until the ith Monday of Feb Next 1821 5 Day\\nat 4 oclock\\nJohn Dwinel Clerk\\nMet agreeably to the adjournment and Read the Constitution and Voted\\nas Follows\\nily to excuse Saml P Kidder from the office of Director\\nChose Robt Adams in his stead\\nVoted to excuse said Adams\\nChose Capt Ephraim Stevens 2nd Director\\nVoted to dismiss this Meeting\\nJohn Dwinell Clerk\\nManchester Nov 5 1821\\nMet at the Annual Meeting a Few of the Members and Voted to adjourn\\nthis meeting until Saturday the first day December Next at 4 Oclock P M\\nSaturday December i. 182 1 met according to adjournment\\nist voted Capt Dwinell Moderator\\n2d voted Samuel Jackson Librarian\\n3d voted John Dickey\\nJohn Gamble Directors\\nJohn Proctor\\n4th voted to adjourn the meeting until the 4th Instant at three OClock P.\\nM. to be holden at Dwinell Ouimbys tavern\\nTuesday December 4th met agreeably to adjournment and voted to make\\na further adjournment until Tuesday the i8th of December instant at 4\\nO. Clock P. M. to be holden at Dwinell Quimbys tavern\\nDecember 8th 1821\\nWe the directors met and examined the Library and found in said Library\\nSeventy four Books besides those that are taken out\\nJohn Gamble directors\\nJohn Dickey\\nManchester, December i8th 1821\\nMet agreeable to adjournment\\nVoted Coll Nathl Moor Moderator\\nVoted S P Kidder Clerk and Librarian", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "124 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE\\nVoted J. G. Moor Assistant Clerk\\nVoted John Dickey l\\nRobert Hall S Directors\\nRobert Adams\\nVoted Capt John Dwinell Collector\\nVoted Samuel Jackson Treasurer\\nVoted That an Inventory of all the Books be taken by the Directors pre-\\nvious to the Removal of the Library\\nS. P. Kidder, Clerk\\nManchester December 2th 1822\\nthis Day the Members of the Sochal Librey a Greeable to agornment\\n1 and Chose John Stark Moderator\\n2 and Chose John Dwinell Clark and Librarian\\nthe moderator has withdrawn\\n3 Chose Jese Bakar moderator in the Room of said Stark\\n4 Chose Ruben Sawyer\\nNathan Johnson Directors\\nJob Rowell\\n5 Voted that the Director shall Be Colectors of all moneys Bac\\n6 Votted to Give mis Elize Stark hir fine\\nVoted to Desolve said meeting\\nManchester November 3th 1S23\\nthis Day a Number of the membrs of the Sochal Librey met but not a Nuf\\nto act Business only to open the meeten, and Chose John Proctoter modera-\\ntor and adjorned said meeting untill the 17 Day of this Present month at 5\\noclock afternoon\\nManchester November 17th 1823\\nthis Day a nomber of the Proprietor met But not a Nuff to act Busies But\\nhave a Gorned said meeteen untill the first monday in November Next\\nJohn Dwinell Clark\\nManchester November i Day 1824\\nand a fool meeting of the Propriertors and held thir meeting and Voted as\\nfollows\\nfirst Chose Israel webster moderator\\nsecontly Chose John Dwinell Librain and Clark\\nthirdley Chose Capt Ephraim Stevens John Gambel and Isaac huse Di-\\nrectors\\nforthly Chose John Gambel Corlector\\nfifthly Chose John Dwinell tresurer John Dwinell Clark\\n1824 at a meeting of the Directors of the Derryfield Social Library Decem-\\nber II, 1824\\nExamined the Records and found due to the said Library from sundrys\\npersons fines $2,62", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. 12$\\nManchester December 25 1824\\nThis day settled with Lieut Job Rowell and found due to the Social Lybra\\nseventy eight cents John Gamble r-\\nIsaac Huse [Directors\\nManchester January 14th 1823 this Day Receved of Lieut Job Rowell the\\nSum of Seventy Eight Cents Receved by me John Dwinell\\nNovember 7th 1825\\nthis Day a number of the Proprietors of the Social Library in Manches-\\nter met but not a nuf to hold a meeting But Called the meeting and Chose\\nIsaac huse moderator and ajorned said meeting untill the 28 Day of Novem-\\nber instant John Dwinell Clark\\nNovember 28th 1825 this Day the Proprietors of the Sochall Libre met ac-\\ncording to ajornment tho not a Nuf to transact Busines and Voted to aGorn\\nsaid meeting untill the first monday of November in the year 1826 at four\\noclock after Noon at the place whear the Libra is kept\\nManchester December nth 1826 this Day I the Subscriber have taken the\\nSochall Librey and 92 Books from John Dwinell which I am a Countabel\\nfor as witness my hand Daniel Hall\\nReceived December 8th 1827 the Social Library consisting of 81 volumes\\nand it appears by Lieut Daniel Hall s account there are eleven Books out\\nSamuel Jackson, Librarian\\nAttest Ephraim Stevens Jr r^, ,^;tfo^\\nJob Rowell [Committee\\n[The foregoing include all the meetings of the proprietors. Meetings of\\nthe directors were held during this time in November, 1817, December, 1819,\\nJanuary, 1823, November, 1823, February, 1824, September, 1825, and Novem-\\nber and December, 1826. Subsequently to the last meeting of the proprie-\\ntors the directors held two meetings in 1828, and one each in 1829, 1830, 1831\\nand 1832. The following books were bought in 1823 The holy War Price\\n$0 80, Gaseteer Price 1-67, the life of Eaton 1-75 and one Vollom on the\\nWorld to Come which we have receved of Mr finis Baley for a shear in the\\nlibrey $2-00. In addition to the list of fifty-four subscribers before given\\non pages 116 and 117, we give the following additional names John Goffe,\\nDaniel Davis, David Young, John Tufts, Samuel Hall, Nathaniel Moor,\\nJohn Adams, Isaac Huse, Robert Adams, Elizabeth Stark, Mrs. Farmer,\\nIsrael Webster, Thomas Stickney and Elisha Ouimby. Tlie whole number\\nof names of proprietors as shown by these records appears to have been sixty-\\neight. Of these but four have middle names; nine have military titles; two\\nhave the title of Mr. and two John Stark and Isaac Huse are honored\\nwith the title of Esq. The whole number of books on hand in 1826 was\\neighty-seven, with one Book misen.", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "126 CONTRIBUTIONS TO TH\u00c2\u00a3\\nEight additional names are given by Mr. William H. Huse,\\nfrom records in his possession, which names appear in the paper\\nbefore referred to. He gives also a list of books which exhibits\\nsome inaccuracies. In the copy of the charter which he repro-\\nduces the attesting signature is given as Philip Carrigian, but\\nin the copy engrossed in our record-book it is given as Nathl\\nParker, Depy Secy. The appended lists give the titles of all\\nthe books bought, with the cost of each in pounds, shillings\\nand pence up to the close of 1798, after which the accounts were\\nkept in federal currency\\nThe Proprietors of Derryfield Library Bot of E Larkin Boston 4th Jany\\n1796 I Spectator 8 Vol ^1.16.0 i Fool Quality 3 V 15.0 i Newton on Proph-\\necies 2 V 136 I Christian Farmers Mag 2 V 18.0 i Cooks Voige 2 V\\n15.0 I View of Religion 10.0 i Watts on the Mind 6.00 i Pleasing Instruc-\\ntor 5.3 I Franklins Works 6.0 i Valuable Secrets 6.0 i Burtons Lectures\\n5.3 I Farmers Letters 4.6 x Carvers Travels 50 i Female Jockey Club\\n4.6 I Looking Glass for the Mind 4 6 i Forresters 6.0 i Pomfrets Poems\\n4.0 1 Medical Pocket Book 4.6 i Ovids ,A.rt of Love 3.9 i History of Amer-\\nica 2.3 I Bold Stroke for a Wife 1.6 i Provoked Wife 1.6 i Agreeable\\nSurprise 0.9 I Arabian Nights Entertainments 2 V 10.6 i Winchester s\\nDialogues 4.6 [This amounted to ^9.13.9.] Deduct 10 pr Ct 19.4 leaving\\n^8.14.5 I Blank Book 3.0 Equal to ^29 57 Seven Wise Masters Rome 06\\nHowards Life 72 Priest Craft 3 Vol 2.09 Infant Baptism 50. Total 532.94\\nThe Proprietors of Derryfield Library Bot of E Larkin\\nI Morses Geography 16.6 i Don Quixote 12.0 i Dyers Titles 6.0 i Ers-\\nkines Sermons 6.0 i Doddridge Rise Progress 53 i Ditto Sermons 3.3\\nI Ditto Ditto 3.0 I Ditto on Regeneration 5.3 i Boyles Voyage 4.6 i Re-\\nligious Courtship 4.6 i Saunders Journal 3.0 i Ladys Miscellany 4.6 i\\nGentlemans Ditto 4.6 i Hive 4.6 i Rassalas Dirabus 5.3 i Browns Ora-\\ncles 3.9 I Christian Life 4.0 ^4.17.9 Discount 10 pr Ct 9.9 ^4.8.0 Equal\\nto $14.67 Deer 1797\\nThe Proprietors of Derryfield Library Bot of E. Larkin Deer 26 1798\\nI Josephar 6 Vol ^i.io.o i Mores Journal 10.6 i Robinsons Proofs 10.6\\n^2.11.0 Discount 10 pr Ct 5.2 ^2.5.10 Equal to $7.65\\nThe Proprietors of Derryfield Library Bot of E. Larkin 26th Deer 1799\\nI Goldsmith s Animated Nature 4 Vol 9.00 i Morses Gazetteer 2.50 i\\nPilgrims Progress 75 i Herveys Meditations 87 1-2 i Maria Cecilia 87 1-2\\n14.00 Disct 10 pr Ct 1.40 $12.60", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD. 12/\\nDerryfield Social Library Salem Feb 12th 1802 Bot of Gushing Appleton\\nAdams History of England 2 25 Davis Sermons 2 Vol 4.00 Hunters Sa-\\ncred Biography 3 V 6.00 Adams Flowers of Travels 2 V 2.00 Lendronis\\nAmerican Revolution 2 V 2.00 Ortans Discourses to the Aged i.oo Life\\nJoseph 62 1-2 Petitpierre on Divine Goodness 87 1-2 Pliillip Quarll 75 Re-\\npository 75 Dickinsons Five Points 75 Female American 75 i Blk Book\\n2.00 I ditto I 00 24.75 Disct 10 pr Ct 2.47 1-2 $22.27 1-2 the Washing-\\ntonia I ct\\nManchester January ist 1813\\nMr Thomas Stickney Brot forward i Book Exercises of Piety i An Expli-\\ncatory Catechism i a Short and Easy Method with Deists\\nIn addition to the foregoing five volumes were subsequently\\nbought of Capt. John Dwinell three of Job Rovvell, one of Mr.\\nPiiineas Bailey and five volumes of Washington s Life, bought of\\nJob Rowell two books were added in 1800 and one in 18 17. It\\nappears from these records that the whole number of titles was\\neighty-two and the number of separate volumes not less than\\none hundred and twelve. In 1825 Betsey Kidder executed a\\ndeed to the I^ibrary, conveying her right and title to Jonathan\\nYoung. These names should be added to the list of proprietors\\npreviously given. It is probable that all the books were finally\\nsold at public vendue. As each volume, by vote of 1798, was\\ninscribed Derryfield Social Library, etc., it is probable that\\nsome of these books are still in possession of the descendants of\\noriginal proprietors or purchasers and may thus be identified.\\nThe suggestion is made that should any volumes of this curious\\ncollection be brought to light that they be deposited with the\\nManchester Historic Association for safe keeping.\\nCONCLUSION,\\nWith this number we conclude the series of contributions to\\nthe early history of Manchester, throughout which we have kept\\nup the pleasant fiction of Derryfield. The work has already\\noutgrown our first design, but the field of inquiry is still inviting\\nadditional research. We have scarcely more than covered the", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "128 HISTORY OF DERRYFIELD.\\nperiod antedating the first actual settlements in Derryfield, and\\nin the events occurring from 1750 to the date of the city charter\\nmuch matter of interest remains to be made of record.\\nWe may attempt the task of gleaning the field already reaped,\\ngathering perchance here and there a straw which has been jolt-\\ned from the historical wain, and prolonging a little further the\\nsearch amid fast disappearing annals. For the period following\\n1841 the writer will have the advantage of personal recollection,\\nand he has already reached that over-ripe stage of life in which\\nthe pictures of past events are more vivid than those of recent\\noccurrence. We should be permitted to add that the work is a\\nlabor of love, undertaken and published wholly at the expense\\nof the writer, with little prospect of reward, but he is abundantly\\nsatisfied if he has succeeded in casting an added light upon the\\nfading pages of the past.\\n4", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3325", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3439", "width": "2154", "jp2-path": "contributionstoh00moor_0150.jp2"}}