{"1": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS\\nDODOmaEflEfl\\ni5|\\n1\\ni", "height": "4096", "width": "2492", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "y.s^ A\\no.*", "height": "4010", "width": "2116", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "V*\\nC\\ni^^ %p^*\\nt^\\n.^L A^\\nv\\n^\u00e2\u0080\u00a21\u00c2\u00b0*\\nN\\\\\\noV\\n.n o", "height": "3986", "width": "2240", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3992", "width": "2078", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3986", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4009", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "ff\\n3 i B. r 3^\\nHISTORY\\nI\\nOF\\nTHE FIGURES ENGRAVED ON WOOD,\\n:HIEFLY COPIED FROM THE ORIGINAL OF T. BEWICK,\\n^^^Su Q^, \\\\M^nd ^6on\\nFIRST AMERICAN ^^I JJ^QN.\\nffiSitl) an SppenQty,\\nCONTAINING\\nSOME AMERICAJSr AMIRfAl^S\\n?^OT HITHERTO DESCRIBED.\\n*O ^C ^o^i\u00c2\u00abi y0 -0^o\\ni4^\\n^^4^n^.^\\nNEW-YORK\\nPRINTED BY G. R. WAITE, NO. 64, MAIDEN-LANE,\\n1804,\\nt^lSt^\\n|\u00c2\u00bb-M^t^", "height": "4009", "width": "2272", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "Q^\\n3 \u00e2\u0096\u00a05\\n/\u00e2\u0096\u00a0/f7/s", "height": "3998", "width": "2298", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "In disposing tile order of the following work, we have not\\nthought it necessary to confine ourselves stri6lly within the\\nrules prescribed by systematic writers on this part of Natural\\nHistory as it was not so much the obje6l of our plan to lay\\ndown a methodical arrangement of the various tribes of four-\\nfooted animals, as to give a clear and concise account of the\\nnature, habits, and disposition of each, accompanied with more\\naccurate representations than have hitherto appeared in any\\nwork of this kind. Our disregard of system, however, has not\\nprevented us from attending to the great divisions of Quadru-\\npeds, so obviously marked out by the hand of Nature, and so\\nclearly distinguished, that the most careless observer cannot\\navoid being forcibly struck with an agreement of parts in the\\noutward appearance of the different individuals of which it\\nconsists.\\nThe intermediate stations, however, have not been always\\nclearly defined these are frequently occupied by charadlers\\nso dubious, that naturalists have not always agreed in ascrib-\\ning to each its proper place Of this kind are the Elephant,\\nthe Hippopotamus, the Rhinoceros, the Cameleopard, the\\nBeaver, the Hedge-hog, the Sloth, the Jerboa, c. which\\nbear in themselves characteristics so peculiar, that they might\\nseem to constitute distindl genera.\\nWe have endeavoured to lay before our readers a particular\\naccount of the animals with which this country is abun-\\ndantly stored, especially of those which so materially contri-\\nbute to the strength, the wealth, and the happiness of a\\nnation; of these the Horse, the Cow, and the Sheep, claim\\nthe first place and in treating of these, we have noticed the\\nimprovements which an enlarged system of agriculture, sup-\\nported by a noble spirit of emulation, has introduced into all", "height": "4009", "width": "2272", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "T. X, xxxtt^ auu iiiai most use-\\nful animal the Dog, the account of which forms a conspicu-\\nous part of our history, and we trust will afford some enter-\\ntainment to those who are pleased with contemplating the va-\\nrious talents of that trusty servant and humble companion of\\nman We have selected the most remarkable of the different\\nkinds, and have given faithful portraits of them, drawn from\\nthe life there are still others, not unworthy of attention,\\nwhich might have been added but to have noticed all the\\nvariations and shades of difference observeable in the canine\\nrace, would have swelled our account, already large, to an\\nimmoderate length, and have left us too little room forsothers\\nof equal importance, in a comprehensive view of this part of\\nthe animal creation.\\nOur attention has been dire61ed in a particular manner to\\nthe various instin6live powers of animals that hidden prin-\\nciple, which a6luates and impels every living creature to pro-\\ncure its subsistence, provide for its safety, and propagate its\\nkind. To discover more and more of this unerring\\nguide, dire6ling the brute creation to their highest good by\\nthe simplest and most certain methods, is a pursuit worthy\\nof the most refined understanding, and leads us to contem-\\nplate the wisdom and goodness of the adorable Author of\\nNature, who openeth his hand, and all things are filled\\nwith good.\\nIt may perhaps be thought necessary to offer some apology\\nfor the evident want of proportion observable in the size of\\nthe different animals; a defe6l to which every work of this\\nkind must, in some measure, be liable. In adverting to this,\\nwe found, at whatever point, between the Elephant and the\\nMouse, the scale v/ere to be fixed, a great and unavoidable\\ndeficiency would be the consequence Ave were therefore ob-\\nbliged to relinquish a plan, which, so far from being pra6li-\\ncable, would have been the means of throwing the whole into\\nin-egularity and confusion.", "height": "4005", "width": "2214", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "^tttiejr.\\nA PAGE.\\nAdIVE 323\\nAgouti 382\\nAkoQchi 383\\nAi 494\\nAmphibious Animal 527\\nAnt-eater, the Great 495\\nthe Middle 496\\nthe Lesser ibid.\\nAntelope, the Common 106\\nthe Barbary 107\\nthe Scythian 100\\nthe Striped ibid.\\nApe, the Long-armed 452\\nthe Barbary 453\\nArmadillo 498\\nthe Three-\\nbanded 499\\nthe Six-banded 500\\nthe Eight-\\nbanded ibid,\\nthe Nine-band-\\ned 501\\nthe Weasel-\\nheaded 502\\nAss 19\\nAxis 141\\nB\\nBaboon 454\\nthe Great Ribbed-\\nnose 456\\nthe small Ribbed-\\nnose 458\\nthe Pig-tailed 459\\nthe Dog-faced 460\\nthe Ursine 461\\nBabiroussa 172\\nBabr 213\\nBadger 281\\nPAGE.\\nBadger, Stinking 276\\nSow 284\\nBat 510\\nthe Short-eared ibid^\\nthe Long-eared 512\\nthe No6lule, or Great ibid\u00c2\u00bb\\nthe Pipistrelle 513\\nthe Barbastelle ibid.\\nthe Serotine ibid.\\nthe Horse-shoe ibid.\\nthe Great Ternate 515\\nthe Rougette, or Les-\\nser Ternate 516\\nthe Spe6lre 517\\nthe Senegal ibid.\\nthe Bull-dog ibid.\\nthe Bearded 518\\nthe Striped ibid\u00c2\u00bb\\nBear, the Brown 288\\nthe Polar 294\\nthe Black 288\\nBeaver ^417\\nBison 43\\nBlue-Goat 90\\nBoar, the Wild 160\\nthe Common, or\\nDomestic 162\\nthe African Wild 167\\nBucha 46\\nBuffalo 47\\nCallitrix\\n466\\nCamel\\n150\\nthe Arabian\\n154\\nCameleopard\\n118\\nCapibara\\n381\\nCaracal\\n238\\nthe Nubian\\n239\\nCarcajou\\n285", "height": "4009", "width": "2272", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "VI\\nINDEX.\\nCaribou\\n134\\nDog, the Lyemmer\\n843\\nCat, the Domestic\\n231\\nthe Lurcher\\nibid.\\nCat, the Wild\\n228\\nthe Tumbler\\n244\\nthe V/ild Red\\n227\\nthe Terrier\\n345\\nAngora\\n230\\nthe Beagle\\n346\\nCavy, the Restless\\n377\\nthe Harrier\\n347\\nthe Spotted\\n379\\nthe Fox Hound\\n348\\nthe Long-nosed\\n382\\nthe Old English\\nthe Akouchi\\n383\\nHound\\n351\\nthe Rock\\n384\\nthe Kibcle Hound\\n352\\nChevrotain\\n107\\nthe Blood Hound\\nibid.\\nChinche\\n265\\nthe Spanish Pointer 355\\nCivet\\n270\\nthe English Setter\\n356\\nCoaita\\n471\\nthe Newfoundland\\n357\\nCoati\\n277\\nthe Rough Water\\n360\\nConepatc\\n267\\nthe Large Water-\\nCorin\\n107\\nSpaniel\\n361\\nCouguar\\n219\\nthe Small Water-\\nCoquallin\\n388\\nSpaniel\\n362\\nCow\\n25\\nthe Springer, or\\nCocker\\n363\\nKing Charles s\\nibid.\\nD\\nthe Pyrame\\nibid.\\nDeer, Red\\n135\\nthe Shock\\n2bid.\\nthe Fallow-\\n143\\nthe Lion\\n364\\nDog\\n324\\nthe Comforter\\nibid.\\nthe Shepherd s\\n327\\nthe Turnspit\\n365\\nthe Cur\\n329\\nthe Pug\\nibid.\\nthe Greenland\\n331\\nDormouse, the Greater\\n392\\nthe Bull\\n334\\nthe Lesser\\n393\\nthe MastifF\\n336\\nDouc\\n469\\nthe Ban\\n338\\nDromedary\\n154\\nthe Daimation, or\\nCoach\\n339\\nE\\nthe Irish Greyhound 340\\nElephant\\n186\\nthe Highland Grey-\\n1 Elk\\n120\\nhound\\n341\\nthe American\\n125\\nthe Gazehound\\nibid.\\nElk Antelope\\n96\\nthe Greyhound\\n342\\n1 Ermine\\n247\\nthe Italian Grey-\\nExquima\\n472\\nhound\\nibid.", "height": "3953", "width": "2218", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\nvii\\nF\\nHorse\\n1\\nFerret\\n248\\nthe Arabian\\n4\\nFitchet\\n252\\nthe Race-horse\\n6\\nFossane\\n254\\nthe Hunter\\n8\\nFoumart\\n252\\nthe Black\\n10\\nFox\\n363\\nOld English Road\\n9\\nthe Grevhound\\n307\\nPoney\\n12\\nthe Mastiff\\nibid.\\nthe Comniou Cart\\n13\\nthe Cur\\n308\\nthe Impro^ed Cart\\n14\\nthe Black\\n3iO\\nPack-horse\\nibid.\\nthe Cross\\n310\\nHyena, the Striped\\n298\\nthe Arctic\\n311\\nthe Spotted\\n301\\nFree Martin\\n28\\nI\\n^bex\\nG\\n80\\nGazelles\\n89\\nIchneumon\\n26 1\\nGemse-Bok\\n101\\nIbrys\\n236\\nGenet\\n268\\nGiraffe\\n118\\nJ\\nGnu\\n104\\nJackall\\n320\\nGoat\\n77\\nJaguar\\n2ir\\nthe Chamois\\n8i\\nJerboa\\n397\\nof Angora\\n86\\nof Thibet\\nidid.\\nK\\nof Portugal\\nibid.\\nKabassou\\n502\\nthe Syrian\\n88\\nKanguroo\\n439\\nAfrican\\nibid.\\nKanguroo-Rat\\n441\\nGrunting- Ox\\n46\\nKevel\\n107\\nGrys-Bok\\n103\\nKlip-Springer\\n103\\nGuanacas\\n156\\nKoba\\n108\\nGuinea-Pig\\nsrr\\nKoedoe\\n100\\nGlutton\\n285\\nL\\nH\\nLama\\n155\\nHamster\\n404\\nLeming\\n409\\nof Georgia\\n525\\nLeopard\\n214\\nHare\\n369\\nlion\\n199\\nthe Alpine\\n372\\nLion-Ape\\n476\\nHart-Beast\\n98\\nLoris\\n445\\nHedge-hog\\n484\\nLoucku\\n213\\nHippop .tamus\\n182\\nLynx\\n235\\nHog\\n159\\nthe Bay\\n236", "height": "4009", "width": "2272", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "Viii\\nINDEX.\\nM\\nMonkey, the Fox-tailed\\n474\\nMacauco, the Yellow\\n443\\nthe Great- eared ibid.\\nthe Ring-tailed\\n442\\nthe Silky\\n476\\nthe Tail-less\\n444\\nthe Red-tailed\\n477\\nthe Mongooz\\n445\\nthe Mico, or\\nthe Black\\n446\\nFair\\n478\\nMamiYioth of New- York 528\\nMouflon, or Musmon\\n74\\nMan gab ey\\n465\\nMouse\\n421\\nManis\\n497\\nLong-tailed Field\\n422\\nthe Long-tailed\\n498\\nShort-tailed Field\\n423\\nMarapute\\n226\\nShrew\\n424\\n^argay\\n224\\nWater Shrew\\n425\\nMarmot\\n399\\nDwarf\\n426\\nthe Quebec\\n403\\nMule\\n16\\nthe Earless\\n407\\nMusk\\n115\\nMarmot, the Tail-less\\n408\\nMusk-Bull\\n49\\nthe Lapland\\n409\\nMustache\\n467\\nMartin\\n256\\nthe Yellow-breast\\nN\\ned\\n255\\nNanguer\\n105\\nMeihinna\\n109\\nNems\\n250\\nMexican Hog\\n169\\nNyi-Ghau\\n112\\nMole\\n427\\nRadiated\\n429\\nO\\nthe Yellow\\nibid.\\nOcelot\\n222\\nMonix\\n402\\nOndatra\\n415\\n-Monkey, the Hare-lipped 463\\nOpossum, Saragoy\\n430\\nthe Patas, or\\nMurine\\n432\\nRed\\nibid.\\nMexican\\n433\\nthe Chinese\\nthe Phalanger\\n434\\nBonnet\\n465\\nthe Spotted\\n435\\nihe Callitrix, oi\\nthe Vulpine\\nibid.\\nGreen\\n466\\nthe Flying\\n436\\nthe Varied, or\\nof Van Die-\\nMona\\n468\\nmen s Land 437\\nthe Preacher\\n471\\nSquirrel\\n438\\nthe Spider\\n472\\nOur an\\n-Outang\\n449\\nthe Saimira, or\\nOtter\\n487\\nOrange\\n475\\nthe Sea\\n491\\nthe Weeper\\nibid.\\nOunce\\n216\\nthe Striated\\n47o\\nOx\\n25", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "INDEX,\\ntx\\nOx, Holstein, or Dutch\\nBreed 29\\nImproved ditto 30\\nthe Lancashire 33\\nthe Lancashire Ox 35\\nKyloe 36\\nWild Cattle 38\\nOriginal 125\\nRee-Bok, Riet ld2\\nRein-Deer 12t\\nRhinoceros ITS\\nthe Two-horned 179\\nRoe-Buck 146\\nRuminating Animals 24\\nSable 258\\np\\nSagoin 469\\nPacos\\n157\\nSajou 472\\nPanther\\n212\\nSaki 474\\nPatas\\n463\\nSacawinkee ibid.\\nPeccary\\n169\\nSand-Bear 284\\nPersian Savage\\n461\\nSapajou 469\\nPhalanger\\n434\\nSarluc 46\\nPied-Goat\\n91\\nScaly Lizard 498\\nPigmy\\n451\\nSea Horse 503\\nPolecat\\n252\\nSeal 505\\nPorcupine\\n480\\nthe Hooded 507\\nthe Brazilian\\n482\\nthe Ursine 508\\nPorcupine, the Canada\\n483\\nServal 226\\nPotto\\n443\\nShark Viviparous of Long\\nIsland 530\\nR\\nSheep, wild of Californa 526\\nRabbit\\n374\\nSheep\\nthe Domestic\\n376\\nSheep, Lincolnshire Breed 54\\nof Angora\\nibid.\\nDorsetshire Ditto ibid.\\nthe Hooded\\nibid.\\nthe Short 56\\nRacoon\\n279\\nLeicestershire ditto 63\\nRam, Black-faced\\n56\\nMr. Culley s breed 66\\nHeath\\n57\\nthe Shetland 68\\nCheviot\\n58\\nthe Dunky or\\nTees-Water\\n6o\\nDwarf 70\\nDitto Improved\\n61\\nthe Tartarian 71\\nRat\\n411\\nthe African, or\\nWater\\n414\\nGuinea ibid.\\nMusk of Canada\\n415\\nthe Many-horned 72\\nMuscovy Musk\\n416\\nthe Broad-tailed /^/V/.\\nRatel\\n275\\nof Thibet 73\\nRee-Bok\\n102\\nthe Wallachian ibid.", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "X\\nINDEX.\\nSifac\\n265\\nTen ac\\n485\\nSkunk\\nmmr\\nTiger\\n;^06\\nSloth\\n493\\nthe Black\\n:lz\\\\\\nSousllk\\n407\\nCat\\n227\\nSow, of the improved\\n1\\nbreed\\n164\\ni u\\nChinese\\n166\\n!\u00c2\u00abUnau\\n494\\nSpringer\\n94\\nUrus, or Wild Bull\\n42\\nSquirrel\\n385\\n1 Urchin\\n484\\nthe Hudson s Bay\\n390\\nthe Gray\\n387\\nV\\nthe Black\\n388\\nVansire\\n250\\nthe Ground\\n389\\nthe Barbary\\n391\\nW\\nthe Palm\\nibid\\nWalrus\\n503\\nthe Fat\\n39\\nWanderou\\n462\\nthe Garden\\nibid\\nWeasel\\n242\\nthe Flying\\n394\\nthe White\\n247\\nthe Great Flying\\n395\\nthe Madagascar\\n250\\nthe Flooded\\nibid.\\nthe Pine\\n256\\nthe Long-tailed\\n396\\nthe Fisher\\n260\\nStag, or Red Deer\\n135\\nthe Four-toed\\n274\\nthe Corsican\\n140\\nthe Brazilian\\n277\\nthe Axis or Ganges\\n141\\nWolf\\n313\\nSteen-Bok\\n105\\nthe New South-\\nStifling, or Squash\\n266\\nWaies\\n319\\nStoat\\n246\\nWolverine\\n285\\nSuricate\\n274\\nWombach\\n522-\\nSyah-Gush\\n238\\nWood- Go at\\n92\\nSwift Antelope\\n105\\nz\\nZebra\\nT\\n22\\nTalapoin\\n467\\nZebu\\n44\\nTalgoi\\n496\\nZemni\\n408\\nTanrec\\n486\\nZibet\\n273\\nTapiir\\n174\\nZizel\\n408\\nTarsier\\n446\\nZorilla\\n267", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "a General\\no^\\nQUADRUPEDS,\\nTHE HORSE.\\n(Equus Cahallus, Linnaeus. Le Cheval. BufFon.)\\nT,\\nHE various excellencies of this noble animal, the\\ngrandeur of his stature, the elegance and proportion of\\nhis parts, the beautiful smoothness of his skin, the va-\\nriety and gracefulness of his motions, and, above all, his\\nutility, entitle him to a precedence in the history of the\\nbrute creation.\\nThe Horse, in his domestic state, is generous, docile,\\nspirited, and yet obedient; adapted to the various pur-\\nposes of pleasure and convenience^, he is equally ser-\\nviceable in the draught, the field, or the race.\\n1 here are few parts of the known world where tlie\\nHorse is not produced; but, if we w^ould see him in\\nthe enjoyment of his native freedom, (unsubdued hy\\nthe restraints man has imposed upon him) we must look\\nfor him in the wild and extensive plains of Africa and\\nArabia, where he ranges without controul, in a stale of\\nentire independency. In those immense tracts, the wild\\nHorses may be seen feeding together, in droves of four\\nor five hundred one of them always acting as centi-\\nnel, to give notice of approaching danger: This h.c", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "S HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\ndoes by a kind of snorting noise, upon which they all\\nfly off with astonishing rapidity. The wild Horses of\\nArabia are esteemed the most beautiful in the world\\nThey are of a brown colour, their mane and tail of\\nblack tufted hair, very short; they are smaller than the\\ntame ones, are very active, and of great swiftness. The\\nmost usual method of taking them is by snares or pits\\nformed in the sand. It is probable there were once\\nwild horses in Europe, which have long since been\\nbrought under subjection. Those found in America\\nwere originally of the Spanish breed, sent thither upon\\nits first discovery, which have since become wild, and\\nspread themselves over various parts of that vast conti-\\nnent. They are generally small, not exceeding four-\\nteen hands high; with thick heads, and clumsy joints:\\nTheir ears and necks are longer than those of the En-\\nglish Florses. They are easily tamed and if by acci-\\ndent they should regain their liberty, they seldom be-\\ncome wild again, but know their master, and may be\\neasily caught by him.\\nAt the age of two years,* the Horse is in a condition\\nto propagate. The mare is generally in season from the\\nThere are various ways of judging of the age of a Horse.\\nThe following are the most general: The eye-pits of old Horses\\nare commonly hollow; bat that mark is equivocal, young Horses,\\nbegot by old stallions, having them also hollow, The teeth afford\\nthe best criterion of the age of Horses. The Horse has, in all,\\nforty teeth; viz. twenty-fo.tr grinders, four canine teeth or tusks,\\nand twelve fore-teeth: iviares have either no tu ks, or very short\\nones. Five days after birth, the four teeth in front begin to shoot:\\nThese are calleJ nippers, and are cast at the age of two years and a\\nhalf: They are soon renewed: And the next year, he again casts\\nt^vo above, and two below, one on each side of the nippers. At\\nfour years and a half, other four fall out, next those last placed:\\nThese last four foal teeth are succeeded by other four, wiaich grow", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 5\\nlatter end of March till the beginning of June but her\\nchief ardour for the Horse continues only fifteen or\\ntwenty days. She goes with young eleven months and\\nsome days; continues to breed till the age of sixteen or\\neighteen years; and lives on an average, between twen-\\nty and thirty years.\\nAlthough the Horse is endowed Vv^ith vast strength\\nand powers, he seldom exerts either to the prejudice of\\nhis master On the contrary, he shares with him in his\\nlabours, and seems to participate in his pleasures ge-\\nnerous and persevering, he gives up his whole powers\\nto the service of his master though bold and intrepid,\\nhe represses the natural vivacity and fire of his temper,\\nand not only yields to the hand, but seems to consult\\nthe inclination, of his rider.\\nBut it must continue to be matter of regret to every\\nfeeling mind, that these excellent qualities should be\\noften shamefully abused in the most unnecessary exer-\\ntions and the honest labours of this noble animal\\nthrov^n away in the ungrateful task of accomplishing\\nthe purposes of unfeeling folly, or lavished in gratifying\\nthe expectations of an intemperate moment.\\nmuch more slowly than the first eight: And it is from these last\\nfour corner teeth, that the age of a horse is distinguished: Tiiey\\nare somewhat hollow in the middle, and have a bla*:k mark ifi the\\ncavities. At five years, these teeth scarcely rise above the gums;\\nat six, their cavities begin to filK up, ar.d turn to a brownish spot,\\nlike the eye of a garden bean; and before eight years the mark ge-\\nnerally disappears. The tusks also indicate the age of a horse.\\nThose in the under jaw generally shoot at the age of three years\\nand a half; and the two in the upper jaw at four: Till six, tisey con-\\ntinue sharp at the points; but at ten, they appear long and bluiit d.\\nThese are the general rules for ascertaining the age of a Il.irse;\\nbut there are frequent exceptions, as some Horses retaiu the mirk\\ntwo or three years lon ;er,\\nA 2", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE ARABIAM HORSE.\\nThere is scarcely an Arabian, how poor soever in\\nother respects, but is possessed of his Horse, which he\\nconsiders as an invaluable treasure. Having no other\\ndwelhng but a tent, the Arabian and his Horse live\\nupon the most equal terms His vv^ife and family, his\\nmare and her foal, generally lie indiscriminately toge-\\nther; whilst the little children frequently climb without\\nfear upon the body of the inoffensive animal, which\\npermits them to play with and caress it without injury.\\nThe Arabs never beat their Horses they speak to, and\\nseem to hold friendly intercourse with them they never\\nwhip them; and seldom, but in cases of necessity, make\\nuse of the spur. Their agility in leaping is w/onderful;\\nand if the rider happen to fail, they are so tractable as\\nto stand still in the midst of the most rapid career. ^The\\nArabian Horses, in general less than the Race-Horses of\\nthis country, are easy and gracefufin their motions, and\\nrather inclined to leanness. It is worthy of remark,\\nthat, instead of crossing the breed, the Arabs take", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF OUADRUPEDS. g\\nevery precaution to keep it pure and unmixed They\\npreserve with the greatest care and for an amazing\\nlength of time, the genealogies of their Horses those\\nof the first kind are called Nobles, being of a pure\\nand ancient race, purer than milk.* They have like-\\nwise two other kinds, which, having been degraded by\\ncommon alliances, sell at inferior prices.\\nFrom Arabia, the race of Horses has probably ex-\\ntended into Barbary and other parts of Africa those\\nbeing considered as next to the Arabian Horses in\\nswiftness and beauty, though they are somewhat smaller.\\nThe Spanish Genette is held in great estimation\\nLike the former, it is small, but beautiful, and extreme-\\nly swift.\\nThe Horses of India and many parts of China are ex-\\ntremely small and vicious. One of these was some\\nyears ago brought into this country as a present to the\\nqueen, which was very little larger than some mas-\\ntiffs, measuring only nine hands in height.\\nA3", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADP.UPEDS,\\nTHE RACE HORSE.\\nIn Great-Britain the breed of horses seems to be as\\nmixed as that of its inhabitants. By great attention to\\nthe improvement of this noble animal, by a judicious\\nmixture of several kinds, and by superior skill in ma-\\nnagement, the English Race-Horse* is allowed to excel\\nThe following account of the prizes Vvon by some of our capi-\\ntal Race-Horses, will shew the importance of that breed in Eng-\\nland where such vast sums frequently depend on the issue of their\\ncontests\\nBay Malto^, (by Sampson) the property of the late Marquis of\\nRockingham, in seven prizes won the amazing sum of 5,900!. At\\nYork, he ran four miles in seven minutes and forty-three and an half\\nseconds, which was seven and an half seconds less time than it\\nwas ever done before over the same course.\\nChilders, (well known by the name of Flying Childers) the pro-\\nperty of the Duke of Devonshire, was allowed by sportsmen to be\\nthe fleetest Horse that ever was bred in the world He started re-\\npeatedly at Newmar^^et against the best horses of his time, and v/as\\nnever beaten: he won, in different prizes, to the amount of nearly\\n2000I. and was afterwards reserved as a stallion. The sire of\\nChilders was an Arabian, sent by a gentleman as a present to his\\nbrother in England.\\nDoRiMANT, a famous Horse belonging to Lord Ossory, won pri-\\nces to the great amount of 13,3631.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 7\\nthose of the rest of Europe, or perhaps the whole world.\\nFor supporting a continuance of violent exertion, (or what\\nis called, in the language of the turf, bottom) they are\\nsuperior to the Arabian, the Barb, or the Persian and for\\nswiftness they will yield the palm to none. An ordinary\\nRacer is known to go at the rate of a mile in less than\\ntwo minutes; but there have been instances of much\\ngreater rapidity The famous Horse Childers has been\\nknown to move eighty-two feet and an half in a second,\\nor nearly a mile in a minute he has run rourtd the\\ncourse at Newmarket, Vv^hich is little less than four\\nmiles, in six minutes and forty seconds.\\nEclipse was allowed to be the fleetest Horse that ever ran in\\nEngland since the time of Childers. After winning king s plates\\nand other prizes to a great amount, he covered, by subscription,\\nforty mares, at thirty guineas each besides those of his owner.\\nHighflyer was accounted the best Horse of his time in Eng-\\nland. The sums he won and received amounted to near 9,000!.\\nthough he never started after five years old. He was never beaten,\\nnor ever paid a forfeit.\\nMatchem, a horse belonging to the late W. Fenwick, Esq, besides\\nbeing a capital racer, vs^as particularly remarkable as a stallion\\nand may be truly said to have earned more money than any other\\nHorse in the world. He was engaged during nine years of his life,\\nto cover twentv-five mares, at 50 guinea-; a mare, and was uncD;n-\\nmonly successful in the celebrity of his progeny, having been sire\\nto many of our most famous running Horses. He was remarkable\\nfor being the quietest stallion that ever was known to which per-\\nhaps may be attributed his great age, being in his thirty-third year\\nwhen he died.\\nShark won, besides a cup value 120 gs. and eleven hogsheads\\nof claret, the astonishing sum of 15,507 g?. in plates, matches, and\\nforfeits.\\nOn the 2$th of March, 1799, a match for 3000 gs- was run at New-\\nmarket, by Sir H. Vane Tempest s Hambletonian, and Mr.\\nCrookson s Diamond, and won by the former. It wa? supposed\\nthat wagers to the amount of nearly two hundred tltouiAnd pounds\\nwere betted on the event of this severe race.\\nA4", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "8.\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE HUJfTER\\nIs a happy combination of the Race-Horse with others\\nof superior strength, but inferior in swiftness and may\\nbe considered as the most useful breed of horses in\\nEurope. Their spirit and activity in the field are well\\nknown, and can only be equalled by the perseverance\\nwith which they endure the much more severe labour\\nof posting on the road, which is now carried on by this\\nactive and hardy race, with a celerity unknown at any\\nformer period.\\nGeldings of this kind are sent over to the continent in\\ngreat numbers: Their superior worth is universally ac-\\nknowledged abroad and they are sold at very high\\nprices to foreigners of the first distinction.\\nThe siiixture of this with others of inferior rank forms\\nan endless variety, the difterent gradations becoming too\\nrninute to be discriminated.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF 2^JADRUPEDS.\\n9\\nTHE OLD EJVGLISH ROAD-HORSE\\nIs a strong, vigorous, and active kind, capable of en-\\nduring great hardship its stature rather low, seldom ex-\\nceeding fifteen hands; the body round and compact, its\\nlimbs strong, and its bead thick.\\nAlthough this breed has of late years been neglect-\\ned, and almost totally superceded by Horses of another\\nkind, more nearly related to the Race-Horse, where the\\nfashion of figure seems to have been preferred to utility,\\nwe cannot help congratulating our associated country-\\nmen* on their spirited exertions towards public improve-\\nment, in which nothing of excellency in the various kinds\\nof domestic animals is suffered to escape their vigilance,\\nand this kind is again likely to be brought into notice.\\nA mare of this breed, in the possession of Arthur\\nMowbray, Esq. of Sherburn, appears to us to possess\\nall the valuable properties attributed to the old Road-\\nHorse.\\nAgricultural Societies.", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "lO HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE BLACK HGRSE.\\nNo other country has produced a breed of Horses\\nequal in size and strength to the larger kind of cur\\ndraught Horses. The cavalry of England formerly con-\\nsisted of this class of Horses but their inutility being\\nexperienced in most situations, others of a lighter and\\nmore active kind have been generally substituted, except\\nin a fev/ regiments. The fens of Lincolnshire produce\\na larger breed than any other part of the kingdom. In\\nLondon, there have been instances where a single Horse\\nof that kind has drawn, for a small space, the enormous\\nweight of three tons, half of which is known to be\\ntheir ordinary draught.\\nConsiderable improvements have of late years been\\nmade in this kind of Horses, by Mr. Bakewell of Dish-\\nley, and others who, by great ingenuity and attention,\\nhave acquired such celebrity, that they frequently sell\\nstallions of their respective breeds for two hundred gui-\\nneas; or, what is a more general practice, let them to", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS, 11\\nhire by the season, for forty, eighty, or perhaps an hun-\\ndred guineas and some of them cover at five guineas\\na mare. The form of the black Lincohishire Horse\\nhas, by their management, been materially altered;\\nThe long fore-end, long back, and long thick hairy legs,\\nhave gradually contracted into a short thick carcase, a\\nshort but upright fore-end, and short clean legs expe-\\nrience having at length proved, that strength and activi-\\nty, rather than height and weight, are the most essential\\nproperties of farm Horses.\\nAnother advantage possessed by this improved breed,\\nis his hardiness, or thriving quality; its being able to\\ncarry Resh, or stand hard v/ork, with com.paratively lit-\\ntle provender. This hardiness of constitution, or natu-\\nral propensity to thriving, the Leicestershire breeders\\nassert is hereditary in particular individual breeds or lines\\nof Horses. If this observation be just, and that the\\nfeeding quality can be obtained \\\\Yit\\\\i any degree of cer-\\ntainty by management in breeding, in this as well as\\nother kinds of live stock, it is a most interesting cir-\\ncumstance in the nature of domestic animals.\\nA strong, bony, and active kind of Horses is now\\nused in our carriages, instead of the old black Coach-\\nHorse, which is almost universally laid aside. The\\ndocked tail, offensive both to humanity and decency,\\nis rarely to be seen Propriety and good sense have\\nat length prevailed over a custom replete with absurdi-\\nty and our Horses are permitted to retain a member\\nboth useful and ornamental. But we have still to re-\\ngret, that the cruel practice of forming the tail, by cut-\\nting and nicking it on the under side, is yet continued.\\nAlthough it would be impossible to trace out the kind\\nof Horses with which our British ancestors opposed\\nthemselves to the legions of Julius Cesar, on hi landing\\n*V t", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "12\\nHISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS.\\nin this country yet that celebrated warrior himself\\nbears testimony to their activity and discipline.\\nThe Ponies of Wales, and those brought out of the\\nHighlands of Scotland, seem to be original and un-\\nmixed. They are both much esteemed for the neat-\\nness and beauty of their forms, for the nimbleness of\\ntheir motions, and, above all, for being remarkably sure\\nfooted in the most difficult roads, which renders them\\nextremely valuable in the mountainous tracts to which\\nthey originally belong. Those brought from Shet-\\nland are the smallest of the genus, being in general,\\nmuch less than the Ass.\\n^i:", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS,\\nIS\\nf\\\\ k\\nTHE COMMOJsT CART HORSE\\nIs inferior to the Black Horse both in size and strength\\nHis torni is heavy, his motions slow, and his aspect\\nwithout sprighthness he is nevertheless extrenieiy use-\\nfuJ, and is employed in the business of agriculture and\\nother domestic concerns.", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "14?\\nHISTORY OF (QUADRUPEDS,\\nc\\nTHE IMPROVED CART HORSE,\\nIt will be gratifying to most of our readers to know\\nthat the spirit of improvement has extended itself great-\\nly to this useful breed and, to the advantages of\\nstrength and dociUty, has added those of form, activity,\\nand vigour. George Baker, Esq. of Elemore, in the\\ncounty of Durham, has a remarkably fine Horse of this\\nkind, from which this figure was drawn.\\nTill of late years, Pack-Horses were employed in the\\nnorthern counties of England, to carry the different ma-\\nnufactures and articles of trafiic from one part of the\\nkingdom to another; but the improved state of our\\nroads has caused that mode of conveyance to be almost\\nlaid aside. In their journies over trackless moors, they\\nstrictly adhere to the line of order and regularity custom\\nh:is taught them to observe The leadinp^ Iiorsei whick", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF 2UAr RUPEDS. 15\\nis always chosen for his sagacity and steadiness, being\\nfurnished with bells, gives notice to the rest, who fol-\\nlow the sound, and generally without much deviation,\\nthough sometimes at a considerable distance. The fol-\\nlowing anecdote will shew with v/hat obstinate perse-\\nverance they have been known to observe the line of\\ntheir order Some years ago one of these Horses,\\nw^hich had been long accustomed to follow his leader,\\nby accident or fatigae, was thrown into an inferior\\nrank The poor animal, as if sensible of his disgrace, by\\nthe most strenuous exertions, at length recovered his\\nusual station, which he maintained during the re-\\nmainder of the journey but, on his arrival in the inn-\\nvard, he dropped down dead upon the spot, his life fal-\\nling a sacrifice to his ambition^- a species of heroism\\nwe must admire even in the brute creation.\\n9iiisti^^lj^^SSIm^ }li^^Si^", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "16\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE MULE.\\nThis useful and hardy animal is the offspring cf the\\nilorse and the Ass, and being generally barren, fur-\\nnishes an indisputable proof that the two species are\\nperfectly distinct. Nature has providentially stopped\\nthe further propagation of these heterogeneous produc-\\ntions, to preserve, uncontaminated, the form of each\\nanimal; without which regulation, the races w^ould in\\na short time be mixed with each other, ai^id every crea-\\nture, losing its original perfection, v/ould rapidly dege-\\nnerate.\\nMules have not untrequently been known to bring\\nforth young, especially in hot countries; and instances\\nhave not been wanting, though they are rare, both in\\nEngland and Scotland. But it w^ould require a succes-\\nsion of experiments to prove that Mules will breed\\nwith each other, and produce an offspring equally ca-\\npable of continuins^ the race.\\nThe common Mule is very healthy, and will live\\nabove thirty years. It is found very serviceable in car-", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS. I7\\nlying burthens, particularly in mountainous and stony\\nplaces, where Horses are not so sure-footed. The size\\nand strength of our breed have lately been much im-\\nproved by the importation of Spanish Male-Asses- and\\nit v^ere much to be wished, that the useful qualities of\\nthis animal were more attended to: For, by proper\\ncare in its breaking, its natural obstinacy would in a\\ngreat measure be corrected; and it might be formed\\nwith success for the saddle, the draught, or the bur-\\nthen.\\nPeople of the first quality in Spain are drawn by\\nMules, where fifty or sixty guineas is no uncommon\\nprice for one of them nor is it surprizing, when we\\nconsider how far they excel the Horse in travelling in\\na mountainous country, the Mule being able to tread\\nsecurely where the former can hardly stand. Their\\nmanner of going down the precipices of the Alps, the\\nAndes, :c. is very extraordinary; and with it we will\\nconclude their history. In these passages, on one side,\\nare steep eminences, and, on the other, frightful abyss-\\nes and, as they generally follow the direction of the\\nmountain, the road, instead of lying in a level, forms, at\\nevery little distance, deep declivities of several hundred\\nyards downward. These can only be descended by\\nMules; and the animal itself seems sensible of the dan-\\nger, and the caution that is to be used in such descents.\\nWhen they come to the edge of one of these precipi-\\nces, they stop wiibout being checked by tne rider; and\\nif he inadvertently attempt to spur them on, they con-\\ntinue immoveable. They seem all this time ruminat-\\ning on the danger that lies before them, and preparing\\nthemselves for the encounter. They not only atten-\\nB", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "l8 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\ntively view the road, but tremble and snort at the dan-\\nger. Having prepared for the descent, they place their\\nfore feet in a posture, as if they v^ere stopping them-\\nselves they then also put their hind feet together, but\\na little forward, as if they were going to lie down. In\\nthis attitude, having taken as it were a survey of the\\nroad, they slide down with the swiftness of a meteor.\\nIn the mean time, all the rider has to do is to keep\\nhimself fast on the saddle without checking the rein,\\nfor the least motion is sufficient to disorder the equili-\\nbrium of the Mule; in w^hich case they both unavoid-\\nably perish. But their address in this rapid descent is\\ntruly wonderful; for in their swiftest motion, when they\\nseem to have lost all government of themselves, they fol-\\nlow exactly the different windings of the road, as if\\nthey had previously settled in their minds the route they\\nwere to follow, and taken every precaution for their\\nsafety. In this journey, the natives place themselves\\nalong the sides of the mountains and, holding by the\\nroots of the trees, animate the beasts with shouts, and\\nencourage them to persevere. Some Mules, after be-\\ning long used to these joarnies, acquire a kind of repu-\\ntation for their safety and skill; and their value rises in\\nproportion to their fame.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS.\\n19\\nTHE ASS,\\nfEqiius Asinus, Lin. HAne^ BufF.y^\\nThe Ass, it is probable, was originally a native of\\nArabia and other parts of the East The deserts of Ly-\\nbia and Numidia, and many parts of the Archipelago,\\ncontain vast herds of wild Asses, which run with such\\namazing swiftness, that even the fleetest Horses of the\\ncountry can hardly overtake them. They are chiefly\\ncaught by the natives on account of their flesh, which\\nis eaten by them, and considered as a delicious repast.\\nThe flesh of the common or tame Ass is however drier,\\nmore tough, and disagreeable than that of the Horse:\\nGalen says, it is even unwholesome: Its milk, on the\\ncontrary, is an approved remedy for certain disorders.\\nThe Ass, like the Horse, was originally imported in-\\nto America by the Spaniards, where it has run wild, and\\nbecome extremely numerous. Ulloa informs us that, in\\nf the kingdom of Quito, they hunt them in the following\\nB 2", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "\u00c2\u00a30 ^HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nmanner: A number of persons on horseback, attend-\\ned by Indians on foot, form a large circle in order to\\ndrive them into a narrow compass, where at full speed\\nthey throw a noose over them, and having secured them\\nwith fetters, leave them till the chace is over, which\\nfrequently lasts for several day?.\\nA warm climate is most favourable to the growth of\\nthis animal: The Ass produced in this country is much\\ninferior in size and beauty to those of Spain and other\\nw^arm countries In Guinea, they are larger and more\\nbeautiful than even their Horses In Persia, they have\\ntwo kinds, the one slow and heavy, which is made\\nuse of for carrying burthens; the other nimble, smooth,\\nand stately, used chieiiy for the saddle.\\nHolingshed informs us, that, in the reign of queen\\nElizabeth, there were no Asses in England: How\\nsoon after they might be introduced, is uncertain. How-\\never they are at present naturalized in this kingdom,\\nwhere their utility becomes daily more universally ex-\\nperienced.\\nThe qualities of this animal are so well known as, to\\nneed no description His gentleness, patience, and per-\\nseverance, are without example: He is temperate with\\nregard to food, and eats contentedly the coarsest and\\nmost neglected herbage U he give the preference to\\nany vegetable, it is to the plantain, for which he will\\nneglect every other herb in the pasture. In his water\\nhe is singularly nice, drinking only from the clearest\\nbrooks. He is so much afraid of wetting his feet, that\\neven when loaden, he will turn aside, to avoid the dir-\\nty parts of the road.\\nHe is stronger, in proportion to his size, than the\\nHorse; but more sluggish, stubborn and untractable.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. SI\\nHe -his hardier than the Horse and, of all other qua-\\ndrupedsj is least infested with hce or other vermin; pro-\\nbably owing to the extreme hardness and dryness of his\\nskin. For the same reason, perhaps, he is less sensitive\\nof the goads of the whip, or the stinging of fiies.\\nHe is three or four years in coming to perfection\\nand lives to the age of twenty, or sometimes twenty-iive\\nyears. He sleeps much less than the Horse, and never\\nlies down for that purpose but when he is much fa-\\ntigued. The She-Ass goes eleven months with young,\\nand seldom produces more than one at a time.\\nThe services of this useful creature are too often re-\\npaid by hard fare and cruel usage and being general-\\nly the property of the poor, it partakes of their wants\\nand their distresses: Whereas, by due cultivation and\\ncare in its education, the Ass might be usefully and\\nprofitably employed in a variety of domestic purposes,\\nand in many cases supply the place of the Horse, to\\nwhich only it is second, though generally degraded into\\nthe most useless and neglected of domestic quadrupeds.\\nB3", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "22\\nHISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS,\\nm^m^\\nTHE ZEBRA.\\n(Eqmis Zebra, Lin. Le ZebrCy BufF.^\\nMany authors have mistaken the Zebra for a wild\\nAss; it is the most beautiful, as well as the wildest,\\nmost timid, and untameable animal in nature. It is\\nlarger than the Ass, and rather resembles the Mule in\\nshape: Its head is large; its ears long; its legs beauti-\\nfully small, and well placed; and its body well formed,\\nround, and fleshy: But the beauty of its shape is great-\\nly heightened by the glossy smoothness of i* s skin, and\\nthe amazing regularity and elegance of its colours, which\\nin some are white and brown, and in others white and\\nblack, ranged in alternate stripes over the whole body,\\nin a style so beautiful and ornamental, that it would at\\nfirst sight seem rather the effect of art, than the genu-\\nine production of nature The head is striped with fine\\nbands of black and white, which form a center in the\\nforehead the neck is adorned with stripes of the same\\ncolour running round it; the body is beautifully varie-", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 03\\ngated with bands running across the back, and ending\\nin points at the belly its thighs^, its legs, its ears, and\\neven its tail, are all beautifully streaked in the same\\nmanner.\\nThe Zebra inhabits the southern parts of Africa,\\nwhere whole herds are seen feeding in those extensive\\nplains that lie towards the Cape of Good Hope. How-\\never, their watchfulness is such, that they will suffer\\nnothing to come near them and their swiftness so great\\nthat they easily leave their pursuers far behind.\\nSuch is the beauty of this creature, that it seems by\\nnature fitted to gratify the pride, and formed for the ser-\\nvice of man and it is mast probable, that time and as-\\nsiduity alone are wanting to bring it under subjection.\\nAs it resembles the Horse in regard to its form, as w^ell\\nas manner of living, there can be little doubt but it pos-\\nsesses a similitude of nature, and only requires the ef-\\nforts of an industrious and skilful nation, to be added\\nto the number of our useful dependents. Nevertheless\\nits liberty has hitherto remained uncontrouled, and its\\nnatural fierceness has as yet resisted every attempt to\\nsubdue it Those that have been brought to this coun-\\ntry, have discovered a degree of viciousness that render-\\ned it unsafe to approach them too familiarly; but it is\\nby 110 means to be concluded from hence, that they are\\nuntameable. They have continued to be wild, because\\nthey are natives of a country where the wretched inha-\\nbitants have no other idea of advantage from the animal\\ncreation than as they are good for food, paying more\\nregard to that which atTords the most delicious repa;^\\nthan to delicacy of colouring, or beautv of conformation.\\nB4", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "24 KISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS,\\nRUMIJ^fATING AJ%^IMALS,\\nThe various animals of this kind are entirely confin-\\ned to grain and herbage for their nourishment and sup-\\nport; it is therefore necessary that they should be ena-\\nbled to receive a large quantity into the stomach, as\\nivell as to retain it for a considerable time before it be\\nreduced to proper chyle For this purpose^ their intes-\\ntines are remarkably long and capacious, and formed in-\\nto a variety of foldings. They are furnished with no\\nless than four stomachs. The food, after mastication,\\nis thrown into the first stomach, where it remains some\\ntime after which, it is forced up again into the mouth\\nand undergoes a second chewing: It is then sent direct-\\nly into the second stomach, and gradually passes into\\nthe third and fourth; from whence it is transmitted\\nthrough the convolutions of the intestines. By this\\nconformation, ruminating animals are enabled to de-\\nvour large quantities of vegetable aliment, to retain it\\nlong in their bowels, and consequently extract from it\\na quannty of nutritious matter sufficient for their growth\\nand support.\\nThe great obligations we are under to those of this\\nclass, render them objects of the highest importance to\\nus. V/e are nourished with^heir milk, w^e are support-\\ned by their flesh, and we are clothed and warmed with\\ntheir fleeces Their harmlessness and innocence endear\\nthem to us, and claim from us that protection vvhich\\ntheir natures seem to require and, in return, they sup-\\nply us with the necessaries and comforts of life.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF gUADKUPEDS. 25\\nTHE OX KIMD.\\n{Bos Taurus, Lin. Le Taureau, Buff.;!\\nOf all quadrupeds, the Cow seems most extensively\\npropagated it is equally capable of enduring the ri-\\ngours of heat and cold and is an inhabitant of the fro-\\nzen, as well as the most scorching climates. Other\\nanimals preserve their nature or their form with inflex-\\nible perseverance but these in every respect, suit them-\\nselves to the wants and conveniences of mankind. In\\nno animal is there to be met with a greater variety of\\nkinds and in none, a more humble and pliant disposi-\\ntion.\\nThe climate and pastures of Great Britain are adapt-\\ned to the nature of this animal and we are indebted\\nto the variety and abundance of our wholesome ve-\\ngetables, for the number and excellence of our cattle,\\nwhich range over our hills, and enliven our plains\\nsource of inexhaustible wealth the pride and boast of\\nthis happy country.\\nBeing destitute of the upper fore teeth, the Cow pre-\\nfers the high and rich grass in pastures, to the short and\\nmore delicate herbage generally selected by the Horse.\\nFor this reason, in our English pastures, where the\\ngrass is rather high and flourishing, than succulent and\\nnutritious, the cow thrives admirably; and there is\\nno part of Europe in which this animal grows larger,\\nyields more milk, or fattens sooner.\\nIt has often been remarked, that the Horse and Sheep\\nimpoverish the soil on which they graze, whislt the pas-\\nture where the Cow is fed, acquires a finer surface,\\nand every year becomes more level and beautiful The", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "q6 history of quadrupeds.\\nHorse selects the grass that is most delicate and tender\\nand, being furnished with fore teeth on each jaw, nips\\nit close, and frequently pulls it up by the roots, thereby\\npreventing its future growth and propagation The\\nSheep also^ though formed like the Cow with respect\\nto its teeth, only bites the most succulent part of the\\nherbage.\\nThe age of a Cow is known by its horns At the age\\nof four years, a ring is formed at their roots and every\\nsucceeding year, another ring is added. Thus, by allow-\\ning three years before their appearance, and then\\nreckoning the number of rings, the creature s age may\\nbe exactly known.\\nThe quantity of milk given by Cows is very various\\nSome will yield only about six quarts in one day while\\nothers give from ten to fifteen, and sometimes even\\ntwenty. The richness of the pasture contributes not a\\nlittle to its increase. There have been instances of Cows\\ngiving upwards of thirty quarts of milk in one day. In\\nsuch cases, there is a necessity for milking them thrice.\\nFrom the milk of some Cows, twelve or fourteen\\npounds of butter are made in a week.\\nIt has been advanced by some naturalists, as a gene-\\nral principle, that neither animals, nor parts of animals,\\nappear to be primarily intended for the use of man\\nbut are only capable of a secondary application to his\\npurposes: Yet it must be allov^^ed that, in many instan-\\nces what they term the secondary use, is so manifest\\nand important, that it cannot, v^ith propriety, be suppo-\\nsed to be excluded from the original design of the all-\\nwise Creator and it must be allowed that the Cow, in\\nits faculty of giving in such abundance and with so\\nmuch ease, its milk, w hich forms so rich and nutritive", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 27\\nan aliment for the human species^ is a striking example\\nof this subordination to the interests of mankind For\\nthis animal differs, in some parts of its organization^\\nfrom most others, having a larger and more capacious\\nudder, and longer and thicker teats, than the largest\\nanimal we know of: It has likewise four teats, whilst\\nall other animals of the same nature have but two: It\\nalso yields the milk freely to the hand, whilst most ani-\\nmals, at least those who do not ruminate in the same\\nmanner, refuse it, except their own young, or some\\nadopted animal, be allowed to partake.\\nThe Cow, having four teats, is a striking peculiarity;\\nthe number in all other animals bearing some propor-\\ntion to the number of young ones they bring forth at a\\ntime as in the Bitch, the Cat, the Sow, c.\\nThe Cow will yield her milk as freely, and will conti-\\nnue to give it as long, without the aid of the calf, as if\\nit were permitted to suck her constantly. This is not\\nthe case with the Ass; which, it is v/ell known, will\\nsoon grow dry, if her foal be not permitted to suck part\\nof her milk every day.\\nUpon the whole, it appears, that the property of yield-\\ning milk, without the young one, is confined to those\\nkinds of ruminating horned animals which have cloven\\nhoofs, four stomachs, long intestines, are furnished with\\nsuet, and have no fore teeth in the upper jaw; that\\nCows, Sheep, Goats, and Deer, are of this kind, and no\\nother; and that the Cow has this property in more\\neminent degree than others, owing to the capaciousness\\nof her udder, and the size and form ot her teats.\\nThe Cow goes nine months with young, and seldom\\nproduces more than one at a time.", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "2S HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nIt is a curious fact, that when a Cow happens to\\nbring forth two calves, one of them a male, the other\\na female, the former is a perfect animal, but the latter\\nis incapable of propagation, and is well known to farm-\\ners under the denomination of a Fi^ee Martin. It re-\\nsembles the Ox, or spayed Heifer, in figure; and is\\nconsiderably larger than the Cow. It is sometimes pre-\\nserved by the farmer, for the purpose of yoking with the\\nOxen, or fattening for the table. Mr. Hunter observes,\\nthat the flesh of the Free Martin, like that of the Ox^\\nis much finer in the fibre than either the Bull or Cov/.\\nIt is supposed to exceed that of the Heifer in delicacy\\nof flavour, and bears a higher price at market.\\nBy great industry and attention to their breed, and\\nby judicious mixtures with those of others countries,\\nour horned cattle are universally allowed to be the finest\\nin Europe although such as are purely British are in-\\nferior in size to those on many parts of the continent.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS,\\n^9\\nTHE HOLSTEIM, OR DUTCH BREED,\\nHas been introduced with great success^ and is r.ow\\nthe prevailing stock in all the counties on the eastern\\ncoast of this kingdom. In good pastures, cattle of thi^i\\nkind grow to a great size*; and the Cows yield a\\ngreater abundance of milk than those of almost any\\nother kind.\\nAn Ox, fed by Mr. Edward Hall, of Whiley in North umbj r-\\nlanvl, and killed in March, 1789, when seven ye.irs old, nie.usured,\\nfrom the head to the runin, nine feet eight inches iind an halfj", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "so\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE IMPROVED EOLSTEIK, OR\\nDUCTH BREED.\\nThe rapid improvements which have taken place in\\nthis and other kinds, form an interesting subject of en-\\nquiry, of w^hieh the hmits of our work will not allow us\\nthe height, at the shoulder, was five feet ten inches; and it weigh-\\ned, without (he oft il, one hundred and eighty-seven stone five\\npoundi-\u00e2\u0080\u0094 fourteen pounds to the stone.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 31\\nto give the outlines. We shall however notice the ge-\\nneral principles which have been laid down, and stead-\\nily adhered to, in the improvement of the several breeds\\nof cattle j and which have been so successfully broup-ht\\ninto practice. The first, and most obvious, is beauty\\nof form, a principle which has been in common appli-\\ned to every species of domestic cattle; and, with great\\nseeming propriety, was supposed to form the basis of\\nevery kind of improvement under an idea, that beauty\\nof form and utility were inseparable. But at present,\\na distinction is made, by men who have been long con-\\nversant in practice, between a useful sort and a sort that\\nis merely handsome. Utility of form is therefore the\\nnext general principle, and may be considered as arising\\nfrom a larger proportion of those parts which are the\\nmost useful: Thus, for instance, all those parts which\\nare deemed offal, or which bear an inferior price, should\\nbe small in proportion to the better parts. A third\\nprinciple of improvement, laid down by breeders, con-\\nsists in the fineness of the muscular parts, or what is\\nti^rmtdjksk. But the great object which engrosses the\\nattention of breeders at present is the fattening qualiti/,\\nor a natural propensity in cattle to arrive at a state of\\nfatness at an early age, and in a short space of time\\nAnd it appears, from observation, that beauty and uti-\\nlity of form, the quality of the flesh, and its propensity\\nto fatness, are principles consistent with each other, are\\nfrequently found united in the same individual, and he-\\nreditary in particular lines or families of cattle. In re-\\ngard to the means of improvement, it has long been an\\nestablished maxim, that, to improve the breed, it is ne-\\ncessary to cross it with others of an ahcn stock, under", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "53 HISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS,\\nan opinion, that continuing to breed from the same line,\\nweakens the stock. This idea, however rooted it may\\nhave been in the minds of former practitioners, is now\\nentirely set aside by the modern practiceof breeding, not\\nfrom the same hne only, but from the same family The\\nsire and the daughter, the son and the mother, the bro-\\nther and sister, are now permitted to improve their own\\nkind. This practice is well known under the term of\\nbreeding, in-and-in; and, in this way, the improvement\\nof the several breeds has advanced rapidly to a height\\nunknown before in any age or nation.\\nThe practice of letting out Bulls by the season has\\ncontributed very materially towards the improvement\\nof this valuable breed as, by this means, one Bull, in-\\nstead of being useful to his proprietor only, may, in a\\nfew years, extend the benefits of his stock through a\\nwhole district; and so fully are the stock-masters con-\\nvinced of its advantages, that eighty guineas have been\\ngiven for the use of a Bull for one season. Some Bulls\\nare in such estimation, as to leap at the extraordinary\\nprice of five guineas a Cow: And it is, perhaps, a cir-\\ncumstance worth mentioning, that Mr. Fowler, of Roll-\\nright, in Oxfordshire, in 1789, for ten Bull calves, refus-\\ned ^WQ hundred guineas.*\\nThis valuable stock was sold off in March, 1791, at the fol-\\nlowing enormous prices, viz.\\nGarrick, a five-year old bull, 205 guineas.\\nSultan, two years old, 210\\nM-^ashington, two years old, 20^\\nYoung Suitan, a yearling bull, 200\\nTwo yearling bulls, 249\\nBrindled Beauty, a cow, 260\\nVv^ashington s mother, in calf 185\\nSome of the rams sold as hish as 60", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS.\\nS3\\nTHE LOMG HORJVED, OR LANCA-\\nSHIRE BREED,\\nIs common in Lancashire/ Westmorland, and Cumber-\\nland, and some of the neighbouring counties; and, not-\\nwithstanding the changes which have taken place by\\nthe introduction of foreign kinds, there is reason to be-\\nlieve that this, for a considerable time at least, has beea\\nthe prevailing stock of the kiogdom at larpe.\\nMr. Marshall, in his excellent treatise on the (Eco-\\nnomy of the Midland Counties,** observes, that, from tl is\\nkind the present improved breed of cattle in Leicester-\\nshire is traceable, by the most indisputable evidence\\nFrom Bulls brought out of Westmorland and Lanca-\\nshire, and Cows from the banks of the IVent, the celebra-\\nted Canleij breed.AhQ property of Mr. V/ebe.ter, derived\\nits origin; and about fifty years ago it was esteemed the\\nC", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "34 HISTORY OF (QUADRUPEDS.\\ninost valuable at that time in the kingdom. From thh\\nbreed, the late Mr. Bakewell obtained the source of his\\nsuperior stock of cattle: and several other eminent\\nbreeders are also indebted to the same origin for the ce-\\nlebrity they have since attained.\\nGreat improvements have of late years been made in\\nthe old Lancashire kindy both in size and beauty. Cra-\\nven, in Yorkshire, has long been celebrated for a supe-\\nrior variety ot the long-horned kind: And from thence\\nthe graziers of Westmorland and Lancashire purchased\\nthe flower* of their Heifers; which, by crossing w^iih\\nthe original stock of those counties, have produced a\\nbreed, which is now had recourse to, for the improve-\\nment of this kind of cattle, in every part of the kingdom.\\nSome of the Buiis are extremely large. Their norns\\nare not iorjg, but beautifully turned; their hair short\\nand smooth; their crests rise extremely high; their chests\\nare let down to their knees; their bodies are long, and\\nin the torm or a perfect cylinder.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nrU\u00c2\u00a3 LANCASHIRE OX.\\nThe Cows and Oxen are smaller. Their horiis are\\nlong and small, very smooth and their colour, in ge-\\nneral, approaches to yellow: their hair is beautifully\\ncurled and their whole form extremely handsome\\nThe Oxen frequently grow to a considerable size, are\\nvery active, and consequently useful in the draught.\\nThey are well suited to a cold climate, and grow fat\\non different pastures.\\nIn Scotland there are two kinds, which dilTer greatly\\nfrom each other, as well as from all those in the south-\\nern parts of this island.\\nThose of the county of Galloway are without horns,\\nand generally of a reddish-brown colour, mixed v/itli\\nblack. Large droves of these are yearly brA^ught into\\nthe southern parts of this kingdom, where they soon\\ngreatly improve.", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "30\\ni ilSTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE KTLOE OX.\\nThe Tllgbland cattle, and those bred in the Western\\nIslands, are very small, and partake much of the wild-\\nness of the country in which they are bred. They are\\nnnostly black, with fine white horns, very sharp, and\\nblack at the points their hair is thick and furry.\\nGreat numbers of these are likewise sold into England\\nat the great northern fairs. They are greatly esteem-\\ned for the fineness and sweetness of their beef, as well\\nas for the facility v^ith which they acquire a considera-\\nble degree of fatness, even with moderate feeding.\\nAlthough the oxen of this breed, when fed in the or-\\ndinary way, do not exceed forty stone the four quarters,\\none ot them, fed by Mr. Spearman of Rothley Park, in\\nNorthumberland, weighed, when killed in 1790, at the\\nage of six years, eighty-one stone.\\nIn Great Britain the Ox is the only horned animal\\nthat will apply his streng?li to the service of mankind\\nand, in general, is more profitable than the Horse for", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF OUADRUPEDS.\\nS7\\nthe plough or the draught. There is scarcely any part of\\nthis animal without its use The skin is made into va-\\nrious kinds of leather; the hair is mixed with lime for\\nplaistering; the bones are made use of as a substitute for\\nivory, and, being calcined, are used by the refiner as an\\nabsorbent to carry off the baser metals in refining silver.\\nSec: combs, and many other articles are made of the\\nhorns; we are supplied with candles from the tallow;\\nand from the feet is procured an oil, of great use in pre-\\nparing and softening leather besides the well-known\\nbenefits derived from butter, milk, and cheese; its\\nblood, gall, liver, and urine, have their respective uses\\nin manufactures and medicine.\\nC3", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "38\\nHISTORY OF (QUADRUPEDS.\\nWILD CATTLE.\\nThere was formerly a very singular species of wild\\ncattle ill this country, which is now nearly extinct.\\nNumerous herds of them were kept in several parks in\\nEngland and Scotland but they have been destroyed\\nby various means And the only breeds now remaining", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPED.^. 59\\nin the kingdom, are in the park at Chllllngham-castle,\\nin Northun^berland at Wollaton, in Nottinghamshire,\\nthe seat of Lord Middleton at Gisburne, in Craven,\\nYorkshire at Lime-hall, in Cheshire and at Chartley,\\nin Staffordshire.\\nThe principal external appeances which distinguish\\nthis breed of cattle from all others, are the follow-\\ning Their colour is invariably white muzzles black\\nthe whole of the inside of the ear, and about one-third\\nof the outside, from the tip downwards, red* horns\\nwhite, with black tips, very fine, and bent upwards\\nSome of the Bulls have a thin upright mane, about an\\ninch and an half, or two inches long.\\nAt the first appearance of any person they set off in\\nfull gallop, and, at the distance of two or three hun-\\ndred yards, make a wheel round, and come boldly up\\nagain, tossing their heads in a menacing manner On\\na sudden they make a full stop, at the distance of forty\\nor fifty yards, looking wildly at the object of their sur-\\nprise but, upon the least motion being made, they all\\nagain turn round, and fiy off with equal speed, but not\\nto the same distance Forming a shorter circle, and\\nagain returning with a bolder and more threatening as-\\npect than before, they approach much nearer, probably\\nAbout twenty years since, there were a few, at Cliillingham,\\nwith BLACK EARS, but the present park-keeper destroyed them;\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094since which period there has not been one with black ears.\\nThe ears and nnses of all tiiose at WolhUon are black. At Gis-\\nburne there are some perfectly white, except the inside of their\\nears, which are brown. They are without horns, very strong-\\nboned, but not high. They are said to have been originally\\nbrought from Whalley-abbey, in Lancashire, upon its dissolution\\nin the thirty-third of Henry the Eighth. Tradition says, they\\nwere drawn to Gisburne by the power of music\\nC4", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "40 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nwithin thirty yards when they make another stand,\\nand again fly off: This they do several times, shorten-\\ning their distance and advancing nearer, till they come\\nwithin ten yards; when most people think it prudent\\nto leave them, not chusing to provoke them further;\\nfor there is little doubt but in tv\\\\^o or three turns\\nthey would make an attack.\\nThe mode of killing them was, perhaps, the only\\nmodern remains of the grandeur of ancient hunting.\\nOn notice beingr aiven that a wild Bull would be killed\\non a certain day, the inhabitants of the neighbourhood\\ncame mounted, and armed with guns, c. sometimes\\nto the amount of^n hundred horse, and four or five\\nhundred foot who stood upon walls, or got into trees,\\nwhile the horsemem rode off the Bull from the rest of\\nthe herd, until he stood at bay when a marksman dis-\\nmounted and shot. At some of these huntings twenty\\nor thirty shots has been fired before he was subdued.\\nOn such occasions the bleeding victim grew desperately\\nfurious from the smarting of his wounds, and the shouts\\nof savage joy that were echoing from every side But,\\nfrom the number of accidents that happened, this dan-\\ngerous mode has been little practised of late years;\\nthe park-keeper alone generally shooting them with a\\nrifle gun, at one shot.\\nWhen the Cows calve, they hide their calves for a\\nw^eek or ten days in some sequestered situation, and go\\nand suckle them two or three times a-day. If any per-\\nson come near the calves, they clap their heads close to\\nthe ground, and lie like a hare in form, to hide them-\\nselves This is a proof of their native wildness, and is\\ncorroborated by the following circumstance that hap-\\npened to the writer of this narrative, who found a hid-", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 41\\n*len calf two days old, very lean and very weak: On\\nstroking its head, it got up, pav/ed two or three times\\nlike an old Bull, bellowed very loud, stepped back a\\nfew steps, and bolted at his legs with ail its force; it then\\nbegan to paw again, bellowed, stepped back, and bol-\\nted as before but knowing its intention, and stepping\\naside, it missed him, fell, and was so very weak that it\\ncould not rise, though it made several efforts; But it\\nhad done enough the whole herd were alarmed, and\\ncoming to its rescue, obliged him to retire; for the\\ndams will allow no person to touch their calves, without\\nattacking them with impetuous ferocity.*\\nWhen any one happens to be wounded, or is grown\\nweak or feeble through age or sickness, the rest of the\\nherd set upon it, and gore it to death.\\nThe weight of the Oxen is generally from forty to\\nfifty stone the four quarters; the Cows about thirty.\\nThe beef is finely marbled, and of excellent flavour.\\nThose at Burton-Constable, in the county of York,\\nwere all destroyed by a distemper a few years since.\\nThey varied slightly from those at Chillingham, having\\nblack ears and muzzles, and the tips of their tails of the\\nsame colour: They were also much larger, many of\\nthem weighing sixty stone probably owing to the\\nrichness of the pasture in Holderness, but generally at-\\ntributed to the difference of kind between those wnth\\nblack and red ears, the former of which they studiously\\nendeavoured to preserve. The breed which was at\\nDrumlanrig, in Scotland, had also black ears.\\nTame Cows, in season, are frequently turned out amongst the\\nWild Cattle at Chillingham, and admit the Bull. It is somewhat\\nextraordinary, that the calves produced by this means are invaria-\\nbly of the same colour with the wihi breed, (white, with red ear\u00c2\u00ab)\\nand retain a good deal of the fierceness of their sire.", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "42\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n^^fer\u00c2\u00abs.\\n%t\\n,e^f\\n1:%^\\nTHE Ui^US, OR JVILD BULL,\\nIs chiefly to be met with in the extensive forests of Li-\\nthuania. It grows to a size almost equal to the Elephant,\\nand is quite black; the eyes are red and fiery, the horns\\nthick and short, and the forehead covered with a quan-\\ntity of curled hair the neck is short and strong, and\\nthe skin has an odour of musk. The female, though not\\nso big as the male, exceeds the largest of our bulls in\\nsize: Nevertheless, her udder is extremely small. Up-\\non the whole, however, this animal, which greatly re-\\nsembles those of the tame kind, probably owes its va-\\nriety to its natural wildness, and the richness of the\\npastures where it is produced.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n4S\\nTHE BISOM,\\n[Bos Bison, Lin. Le Bison, Ameriqiie, Buff.)\\nDiffers from the rest of the Ox kind, in having a\\nlarge lump between its shoulders, almost as high as that\\nof a camel. He has a long shaggy mane, which forms\\na kind of beard under his chin his eyes are fierce, his\\nforehead large, and his horns extremely wide. It is\\ndangerous to pursue hiui, except in forests abounding\\nwith trees large enough to conceal the hunters. He is\\ngenerally taken in pits covered with branches of trees\\nand grass, on the opposite of which the hunters tempt\\nthe animal to pursue and the enraged creature run-\\nning towards them, falls into the trap prepared for it,\\nand is tlien overpowered and slain.\\nThe Bison, or the animal with the hump, is found\\nin all the southern parts of the world, though greatly\\ndiffcrins: from each other in size and form.", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "44 HISTORY OF OUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE ZEBU.\\nThey, are all equally docile and gentle, when tam-\\ned and are in general covered with fine glossy hair,\\nsofter and more beautiful than that of the common\\nCow. Their humps are of different sizes, in some\\nweighing from forty to fifty pounds, but in others less.\\nThat part is in general considered as a great delicacy\\nand, when dressed, has much the appearance and taste\\nof udder.\\nThe Bisons of Madagascar and Malabar are of the\\ngreat kind; those of Arabia Petrea, and most parts of\\nAfrica, are of the Zebu or small kind.\\nIn America, especially towards the North, the Bison\\nis well known. They herd together, in droves of from\\none to two hundred, on the banks ot the Missisippi\\nwhere the inhabitants hunt them j\u00e2\u0080\u0094 -their flesh is esteem-\\ned good eating.\\nThey all breed with the tame Cow. The hump,\\nwhich is only an accidental characteristic, gradually de-\\nclines; and, in a few generations, no vestiges of it rc", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF 2^ ADRUPED3, 45\\nmam.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Thus we see, whether it be the wild or the\\ntame Ox, the Bonasus or the Urus, the Bison or the\\nZebu, by whatever name they are distinguished, or\\nhowever variously classed by naturalists, in reality they\\nare the same and though diversified in their appear-\\nance and properties, are descendants of one common-\\nstock of which the most unequivocal proof is, that\\nthey ail mix and breed with each other.\\nThe Oxen of India are of different sizes, and are made\\nuse of in travelling, as substitutes for Horses. Instead,\\n\u00c2\u00a9f a bitj a small cord is passed through the cartilage of\\nthe nostrils, which is tied to a larger cord, and serves\\nas a bridle. They are saddled like Horses j and, when\\npushed, move very briskly. They are likewise used in\\ndrawing chariots and carts. For the former purpose,\\nwhite Oxen are in great esteem, and much admired.\\nThey will perform journies of sixty days, at the rate of\\nfrom twelve to fifteen leagues a day; and their travel-\\nling pace is generally a trot.\\nIn Persia, there are many Oxen entirely white, with\\nsmall blunt horns, and humps on their backs. They\\narc very strong and carry heavy burdiens. When about\\nto be loaded, they drop down on their knees like the\\nCamel, and rise when their burthens are properly fas-\\ntened.", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "4G HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE GRUJVTIMG OX,\\n(Bos GrunnienSy Lin. La Vache de Tartaric, Buff.)\\nThe Sarluc, or Gruiiting-Cow of Tartary, from its\\nresemblance to the Bison, may be considered as belong-\\ning to the same species: Its horns are short, upright,\\nslender, and very sharp the hair on its body is black,\\nexcept the mane and ridge of the back, where it is\\nwhite its whole body is covered with very long hair,\\nwhich hangs down below its knees, and makes its\\nlegs appear shorty it has a hump on it s back; its tail\\nresembles that of a horse, is white, and very bushy it\\nstrikes with its head like a goat, and is very unruly its\\ndistinguishing peculiarity is, that it makes a grunting\\nnoise like a hog, instead of lowing like the Ox, which\\nin every other instance it greatly resembles. It abounds\\nin the kingdom of Thibet, where it is domesticated.\\nThe wild breed, called Bucha. is extremely fierce.\\nWhen wounded, it will sometimes turn upon its assail-\\nant and attack him with great fury. It copulates with\\nthe tame Cow. Their produce is employed in domestic\\npurposes.\\nIts tail is very valuable, and is sold at a great price\\nin Thibet. When mounted on a silver handle, it is used\\nby the principal men in India, as a brush to chase away\\nthe flies. It is sometimes fastened, as an ornament, to\\nthe ear of the Elephant. The Chinese dye the hair red,\\nand form it into tuffs to adorn their bonnets.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF OUADPxUPEDS.\\n47\\nTHE BUFFALO.\\n(Bos Biibalus, Un.\u00e2\u0080\u0094Le Buffle, Buff.)\\nThere is the most striking general resemblance be-\\ntween the Baffalo and the common Ox their habits\\nand propensities are nearly similar they are both\\nequally submissive to the yoke, and may be emplo\\\\ed\\nin the same domestic services yet it is certain, from\\nexperience, that no two animals can, in realitv, be\\nmore distinct The Cow refuses to breed with the\\nBuffalo, while it is known to propagate with the Bison,\\nto which it bears, in point of form, a much more distant\\nsimilitude.\\nllie buffalo is found, in a wild state, in many parts\\nof Africa and India, and is common ii^ the co intriei\\nnear the Cape of Good Hope, where lie is describotl,\\nby Sparrman, as a fierce, cruel, and treacherous aniuial.\\nHe freciuently rushes from behind a thicket upon svnne\\nunwarv passenger and, h^ivinj^ diroNvn him down,\\ntram[)les him to death wiin hi: i vet \\\\v:.d knees, t ^arini;\\nhim wiili his hiorns and teeth, ar.d lickir.^^ liim with his", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "48 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nrough tongue, till the skin is nearly stripped from the\\nbody.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 -The following accurate description we owe to\\nthe same author the length of the Buifalo, from head\\nto tail, is eight feet the height five and a half; and the\\nfore legs two feet and a half long: From the tip of the\\nmuzzle to the horns, twenty-two inches His limbs in\\nproportion to his size, are much stouter than those of\\nthe Ox his fetlocks likewise hang nearer the ground\\nThe horns are singular, both in their form and position\\nthe bases of them are thirteen inches broad, and only\\nan inch distant from each other, having a narrow chan-\\nnel or furrow between them from this furrow the\\nhorns assume a spherical form, extending over a great\\npart of the head the distance between the points is\\noften above five feet The ears are a foot long, some-\\nwhat pendulous, and in a great measure covered and\\ndefended by the lower edges of the horns, which bend\\ndowm on each side, and ^orm a curve upwards with the\\npoints The hair is of a dark brown colour, about an\\ninch long, harsh, and, upon those males that are advan-\\nced in years, straggling and thin, especially on each side\\nof the belly, which gives them the appearance of\\nbeing girt with a belt The tail is short, and tufted at\\nthe end: the eyes are laro:e, and somev^^hat sunk with-\\nin their prominent orbits, which are almost covered\\nwith the bases of the horns overhanging its dangling\\nears, this, with a peculiar inclination of the head to one\\nside, produces an aspect at once fierce, cunning, and\\ntremendous The flesh is coarse, rather lean, but full\\nof juice of a high but not unpleasant flavour: The hide\\nis thick and tough, and of great use in making thongs\\nand harness it is so hard, as not to be penetrated by a\\ncommon musket-ball; those made use of for shooting", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS. 49\\nthe Buffalo are mixed with tin and even these are\\nfrequently flattened by the concussion.\\nIn Italy the Buffalo is domesticated, and constitutes\\nthe riches and food of the poor, who employ them for\\nthe purposes of agriculture, and make butter and cheese\\nfrom their milk.\\nThe female produces but one at a time, and conti-\\nnues pregnant twelve months another striking charac-\\nteristic difference between the Buffalo and the common\\nCow.\\nTHE^MUSK BULL\\nInhabits the interior parts of North-America, on the\\nwest side of Hudson s Bay, between Ghurcbill and\\nSeal rivers. They are very numerous in those parts, and\\nlive in herds of twenty or thirty. The Indians eat the\\nflesh and make coverings of their skins. They are\\nbrought down in sledges, to supply the forts during the\\nwinter. Notwithstanding the flesh is said to have a\\nstrong flavour of musk, it is reckoned very good and\\nwholesome.\\nThe Musk-Ball is somewhat lower than a Deer, but\\nmore bulky. Its legs are short and it has a small\\nhump on its shoulder Its hair is of a dusky-red colour,\\nvery fine, and so long, as to reach to the ground Be-\\nneath the hair, its body is covered with wool of an ash\\ncolour which is exquisitely fine, and might be convert-\\ned into various articles of useful manufacture. Mr Je-\\nremie says, that stockings made of it are finer than\\nsilk Its tail is only three inches long, and is covered\\nwith long hair, of which the Esquimaux Indians make\\ncaps, which are so contrived, that the long hair, falling\\nD", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "50 HISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS.\\nround their faces, defends them from the bites of the\\nmusquilos its horns are close at the base, they bend\\ndownwards, and turn out at the points they are two\\nfeet long, and two feet round at the base some of\\nthem will weigh sixty pounds.\\nThese animals delight chiefly in rocky and moun\u00c2\u00ab\\ntaineous countries They run nimbly, and are very ac^\\ntitre in climbing steep ascents.\\nTHE SHEEP.\\n{Ovis Aries y Lin. La Brebisy Buff.)\\nThe Sheep, in its present domestic state, seems so\\nfar removed from a state of nature, that it may be\\ndeemed a difficult matter to point out its origin. Cli-\\nmate, food, and, above all, the unwearied arts of culti-\\nvation contribute to render this animal, in a peculiar\\nmanner, the creature of man to whom it is obliged to\\ntrust entirely for its protection, and to whose necessi-\\nties it largely contributes. Though singularly inoffen-\\nsive, and harmless even to a proverb, it does not appear\\nto be that stupid, inanimate creature described by Buf-\\nfon, devoid of every art of self-preservation, without\\ncourage, and even deprived of every instinctive faculty,\\nwe are led to conclude that the Sheep, of all other\\nanimals, is the most contemptible and stupid Bat\\namidst those numerous flocks which range without con-\\ntroul on extensive mountains, where they seldom depend\\nupon the aid of the shepherd, it will be found to assume", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS. 5 1\\n5t very different character In those situations, a Ram\\nor a Wedder will boldly attack a single dog, and often\\ncome off victorious; but when the danger is more\\nalarming, they have recourse to the collected strength\\nof the whole flock. On such occasions they draw up\\ninto a compact body, placing the young and the fe-\\nmales in the centre while the males take the foremost\\nranks, keeping close by each other. Thus an armed\\nfront is presented to all quarters, and cannot easily be\\nattacked without danger or destruction to the assailant.\\nIn this manner they wait with firmness the approach of\\nthe enemy nor does their courage fail them in the mo\u00c2\u00bb\\nment of attack: For, when the aggressor advances\\nwithin a few yards of the line, the Rams dart upon\\nhim with such impetuosity, as to lay him dead at their\\nfeet, unless he save himself by flight. Against the at-\\ntacks of single Dogs or Foxes^ when in this situation\\nthey are perfectly secure. A Ram, regardless of dan-\\nger, will sometimes engage a Bulls and, as his forehead\\nis much harder than that of any other animal, he sel-\\ndom fails to conquer: For the Bull, by lowering his\\nhead, receives the stroke of the Ram between his eyes,\\nwhich usually brings him to the ground.\\nIn the selection of their food, few animals discover\\ngreater sagacity than the Sheep nor does any domestic\\nanimal shew more dexterity and cunning in its attempts\\nto elude the vigilance of the sheplierd, in order to steal\\nsuch delicacies as are agreeable to its palate.\\nBesides its hardiness in enduring great severities of\\nweather, the natural instinct of the Sheep, in foreseeing\\nthe approach of a storm, is no less remarkable in their\\nD 2", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "52 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nendeavours to secure themselves under the shelter o f\\nsome hill whole flocks have frequently been buried for\\nmany days under a covering of snow, and have after-\\nwards been^ taken out without any material injury.\\nThus beautifully described by Thompson\\n_\u00c2\u00ab Oft the whlrldwind s wing\\nSweeps up the burthen of whole wintry plains\\nAt one wide waft and o er the hapless flocks,\\nHid in the hollow of two neighbouring hiils,\\nThe billowy tempest whelms.\\nThere have been instances where Sheep, at the ap=\\nproach of a storm^ have fled for shelter to a neighbour-\\ning cottage, and taken refuge under the same roof with\\ntheir shepherd.\\nThe variety in this creature is so great, that scarcely\\nany two countries, produce Sheep of the same kind\\nThere is found a manifest difference in all, either in the\\nsize, the covering, the shape, or the horns.\\nThe ivoolly Sheep is found only in Europe, and in the\\ntemperate provinces of Asia. When transported into\\nwarmer climates, it loses its wool, and becomes hairy\\nand rough; it is .likewise less fertile; and its flesh no\\nlonger retains the same flavour. v\\nNo country produces finer Sheep than Great-Britain\\nTheir fleeces are large, and well adapted to the various\\npurposes of cloathing. The Spanish fleeces are indeed\\nfiner, but stand in no degree of comparison with those\\nof Lincolnshire or Warwickshire for weight or utility.\\nIn Edward the Third s time, when wool was allowed\\nto be exported, it brought 150,0001. per annum, at\\n2l. 10s. a pack, which was a great sum in those days.\\nAt this time, when our woollen manufactory stands un-\\nrivalled by any nation in the world, and every method", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 5\\nh taken to prevent this valuable commodity from being\\nsent out of the kingdom, the annual value of wool,\\nshorn in England, is supposed to be about five millions\\nsterling and, vv^hen manufactured conjointly with the\\nSpanish wool imported, amounting to about six hundred\\nthousand pounds, must be above twenty millions.\\nLike other ruminating animals, the Sheep wants the\\nupper fore teeth: It has eight in the lower jaw two\\nof which drop out, and are replaced at two years old\\nfour of them are renewed at three years, and the re-\\nmainder at the age of four.\\nThe ewe produces one or two lambs at a time, and\\nsometimes though rarely, three or four. She bears her\\nyoung five months, and brings forth in the spring^.\\nThe Ram lives to the age of about fifteen years, and\\nbegins to procreate at one. When castrated, they are\\ncalled Wedders They then grow fat sooner, and the\\nflesh becomes finer and better flavoured.\\nThere is hardly any part of this animal that is not\\nserviceable toman: Of the fleece we make our cloaths;\\nthe skin produces leather, of which are made gloves,\\nparchment, and covers for books j the entrails are form-\\ned into strings for fiddles and other musical instruments,\\nlikewise coverings for whips; its milk affords both but-\\nter and cheese j and its flesh is a delicate and whole-\\nsome food.\\nAn Ewe, of the small black-faced Scotch breed, produced\\ntwo Ewe hunbs before she had completed her first year; and be-\\nfore the end of the second yeai, these two produced each of them\\ntwo Iambs also. It is a remarkable circumstance, that this great\\nincrease took place in the coldest and most mountainous part of\\nNorthumberland and it is further necessary to observe, that this\\nbreed of Sheep seldom produces more than one lamb at a time^\\nand that not till they are two years oi age.", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "54 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS,\\nThe following remarks, taken from Mr. Culley s Ob-\\nservations on Live Stock, will not be unacceptable to\\nmany of our readers, as they convey a just idea of some\\nof the most noted kinds of Sheep at this time in the\\nisland. He begins with those of Lincolnshire, which are\\nof a large size, big-boned, and afford a greater quantity of\\nwool than any other kind, owing to the rich, fat marshes\\non which they feed; but their flesh is coarse, leaner, and\\nnot so finely flavoured as that of smaller Sheep. The\\nsame breed extends, with some variations, through most\\nof the midland counties of England. The Dorsetshire\\nbreed is likewise remarkably prolific, the Ewes being\\ncapable of bringing forth twice a year. It is from these\\nthat the tables of our nobility and gentry are supplied\\nwith early Iamb at Christmas, or sooner, if required.\\nGreat numbers of those early victims to luxury are\\nyearly sent to the London Markets, where they are sold\\nat the enormous price of 10s. 6d. or perhaps 15s. per\\nquarter. ^The manner of rearing the lambs is curious:\\nThey are imprisoned in little dark cabins; the Ewes\\nare fed with oil-cakesj hay, corn, turnips, cabbages, or\\nany other food which the season of the year affords;\\nthese are given them in a field contiguous to the apart-\\nments where the lambs are kept and, at proper inter-\\nvals, the nurses are brought in to give suck to their\\nyoung ones; while the attendants, at the same time,\\nmake their lodgings perfectly clean, and litter them\\nwith fresh straw. Great attention is paid to this, as\\nmuch of the success of rearing these unseasonable pro-\\nductions depends upon warmth and cleanliness.\\nThe Dorsetshire Sheep are mostly white-faced; their\\nlegs are long and small; and great numbers of them have", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF OUADRUPEDS ^5\\nno wool upon their bellies, which gives them an un-\\ncouth appearance. They produce a small quantity of\\nwool, but of a good quality; from which our fine Wilt-\\nshire cloths are made. The mutton of these sheep is\\nvery sweet and well flavoured.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The variations of this\\nbreed are spread through most of the southern coun-\\nties but the true kind is only to be found in Dorset-\\nshire and Wiltshire.-\u00e2\u0080\u0094 There is a breed, not unlike this\\nin Norfolk and Suffolk but they are all gray or black-\\nfaced.\\nThe South Down Sheep are of the same hardy nature\\nas the Cheviot breed, and, like them, can live and\\nthrive on the barest heaths j their wool is also line, and\\nmutton well flavoured.\\nThe sheep in the low parts of Northumberland are\\nof a mixed breed, between the long kind, the Tees wa-\\nter, and the Lincolnshire. The Mug or Muff kind was\\nformerly common in that county. They were so call-\\ned, from their wool growing round their heads into their\\nvery eyes, so as almost to prevent them from seeing.\\nThis breed is now nearly exploded, being considered,\\nby every breeder of experience, as unprofitable, from\\ntheir thriving slowly and being very tender.\\nIn the northern districts of Scotland, and in manyof\\nthe islands, there is a breed of Sheep, which differs\\nfrom the others in the smallness of their size, many of\\nthem, when fed, weighing no more than six, seven, or\\neight pounds per quarter. They have dun faces^ with-\\nout horns; and their wool, v^hich is very fine, is vari-\\nously mixed, and streaked with black, brown, and red.\\nD 4", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "5^\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS-\\nTHE BLACK-FACED OR HEATH RAM,\\nThe north-west part of Yorkshire, with all that\\nmountainous tract of country running toward Lanca-\\nshire south ward, and to Fort^ William northward, is occu-\\npied by a hardy, black-faced, wild-looking tribe, gene-\\nrally called short Sheep, which differ from our other\\nbreeds, not only in the darkness of their complection\\nand horns, but principally in the coarse shaggy wool\\nwhich they produce. Their eyes have a fiery, sharp^\\nand wild cast. They run with great agility, and seem\\nquite adapted to the heathy mountains they inhabit.\\nTheir flesh is peculiarly fine and high flavoured. The\\nthree great fairs for these Sheep (where amazing num-\\nbers of them are sold every year) are, Stagshaw-bank,\\nin Northumberland; Brough, in Westmorland; and\\nLinton, in Scotland. There is likewise a breed of\\nSheep inhabiting the same country as the former; but\\npeculiarly distinguished from them by long, thin bodies,\\nwhite legs, white faces, and by having no horns. Their\\nwool is fine, and thickly planted.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n57\\nHEATH RAM OF THE IMPROVED\\nBREED.\\nThe ram from which we took this drawing, in July,\\n1798, belongs to the Bishop of Durham. It obtained\\nthe premium given for the best Tup, shewn for that\\npurpose, at Blanchland, in the couniy of Durham, in\\n1797. Exclusive of the symmetry of proportions and\\nbeauty of its form, a more important object has been\\nobtained in the quality of the wool. They are also as\\nhardy as the unimproved breed, and can equally endure\\nthe severity of the cold and wet to which they are ex-\\nposed on the bleak heaths which they are doomed to\\ninhabit.", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "$B\\nHISTORY OF gUABRUPEDS,\\nTHE CHEVIOT RAM.\\nThe Cheviot breed have a fine open countenance^\\nlively prominent eyes^ have no horns, and are mostly\\nwhite taced and white legged; the body long, with\\nfine, clean, small-boned legs: Weight of the carcase\\nfrom 12 to 18 lb. per quarter; and the mutton is high*\\nly esteemed for its flavour.\\nThe best breeds of these Sheep are to be found in the\\nnorth-west parts of the county of Northumberland, and\\non the range of hills adjoining them in Scotland, and\\nare maintained (except Vv^hen prevented by snow) solely\\nfrom the natural produce of the grounds on which they\\ndepasture, which, in general, are wery mountainous, and\\nconsist of ling, moss, hather, deer-hair, and v^ire-bent,\\nwith a mixture of green sward.- We can find no account\\nfrom whence this valuable breed originally sprung,\\nwhich, as mountain Sheep, are unrivalled, as well on\\naccount of their carcases and hardiness, as from the su-", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF OUADRUPEDS, gQ\\nperior value of their wool, which is in the highest esti\u00c2\u00ab\\nmation for cloathing, and sells from 2d. to 2^d. per\\npound higher than the best in the district. The great\\ndemand that has been made for this wool, added to the\\nencouragement given by Sir John Sinclair, {who, for d(,\\nfew years, bought considerable numbers of these Sheep,\\nwhich he took to the Highlands of Scotland, and now\\nbreeds them upon the same kind of heathy mountains\\nas the original stock were taken from) caused an emu-\\nlation among the breeders, which has been productive\\nof considerable improvement in their stocks, both in\\nthe wool and fore quarter, in which they were general-\\nly deficient. But as improvements in stock can only\\nbe effected by slow gradations, and as this improved\\nbreed is but of a few years standing, it will probably\\nbe advantageous, not only to individuals but to the pub-\\nlic at large, to encourage exertions which, if fortunate-\\nly successful, might place these Sheep upon a level\\nwith those produced upon well cultivated grounds,\\nwhich might be otherwise more advantageously em-\\nployed for the use of the public.\\nThus the difficulty of producing an improved breed\\nfor heath pastures has, in a great measure, been remov-\\ned by the skill and attention of the Northumberland far-\\nmers, to whom we think the community much indebt-\\ned and we doubt not that, in the course of a few years,\\nthis breed will become the parent stock of all the Sheep\\nbred for grazing on heathy, and what are called waste,\\ngrounds. They thrive on the most sterile heaths, their\\nwool is of the most desirable texture, they are easily fat-\\ntened, and their whole conformation is so properly suit-\\ned to mountainous pasture, that we are surprised the\\nbreed has not already been more generally diffused.", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "6o\\nHISTOHY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n^Jl .\u00e2\u0080\u00a2el.v\\nA... ^^h^\\nTEES-F/ATER OLD OR UNIMPROV-\\nED BREED,\\nThe largest breed of Sheep in this island is to be\\nmet with on the banks of the Tees, which runs through\\na rich and fertile country, dividing the two counties of\\nYorkshire and Durham. This kind differs from the\\nLincolnshire sheep, in their wool not being so long and\\nheavy; their legs are longer, but finer boned, and sup-\\nport a thicker, firmer carcase; their flesh is likewise\\nmuch fatter, and finer grained.\\nOur figure was taken in July, 1798, from a Ram\\nwhich had been purchased for the purpose of shewing\\nits uncouth and uncultivated appearance, in contrast t@\\nthose of the improved kind.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n61\\nTEES-WATER IMPROVED BREED,\\nBy persevering In the same laudable plan of improve-\\nment so successfully begun by the late Mr. Bakev^^ell,\\nthe stock-farmers or graziers of Tees-w^ater have produc-\\ned a kind which is looked upon by judges as nearly ap-\\nproaching to perfection. Many of their Sheep possess\\nthe thriving or fattening quality of the Dishley breed,\\nand are tit for the butcher at *as early an age.\\nThese Sheep weigh from twenty-five to forty-five\\npounds per quarter^ some have been fed to fifty\\npounds; and one in particular was killed, which weigh-\\ned sixty-two pounds ten ounces per quarter, avoirdu-\\npois a circumstance never before heard of in thli\\nisland. The Ewes of this breed generally bring fortti\\ntwo lambs each season sometimes three, four, and", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "0^ HISTORY OF e^ADRUPEDS.\\neven five. As an instance of extraordinary fecundity^\\nit deserves to be mentioned, that one of these Ewes, at\\nthe age of tvi^o years, brought forth four lambs at one\\ntime^ the next season five^ both within eleven months.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF (QUADRUPEDS* \u00e2\u0082\u00ac3\\nL BICESTER SHIR E IMPROVED\\nBREED.\\nTo these %^arioiis and numerous tribes of this useful\\nanimal we must add, that, by the persevering industry\\nand attention of Mr, Bakewell, of Dishly, in Leicester-\\nshire, our breed of Sheep has been greatly improved;\\nand he has been foilovi -ed by many eminent breeders\\nwith nearly equal success.\\nIt seems to be generally agreed, that in Sheep, as\\nwell as in all other animals, there is a certain symme-\\ntry or proportion of parts, which is best adapted to the\\nsize of each particular animal: All those of each kind\\nthat exceed or fall short of this pitch, are more or less\\ndisproportloned, according to the size they attain; and\\nin the degree they are advanced beyond this hue of per-\\nfection, we find them less active, weaker, and always\\nless able to endure hardship. Thus, by selecting the\\nhandsomest and best proportioned of their kinds, the\\njudicious breeder has gradually arrived at a degree of\\nperfection in improving this animal, unknown at an}\\nformer period.", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "64f HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS,\\nThe superior qualities of the Leicestershire breed are^\\nthat they will feed quickly fat at almost any age, even\\non indifferent pastures, and carry the greatest quantity\\nof mutton upon the smallest bone. Their carcases are\\nround, have remarkably broad backs, and short legs;\\nand to shew the immense weight to w^hich they may be\\nfed, we give the measurement of a Ram of Mr. Bake-\\nwell s, mentioned by Young in his Eastern Tour:\\nAt three years old, his girt was five feet ten inches\\nheight, two feet five inches; breadth over his shoulders,\\none foot eleven inches and an half; breadth over his\\nribs, one foot ten inches and an half; breadth over his\\nhips, one foot nine inches and an half.\\nThe great importance of this breed of Sheep will\\nbest be shewn, by stating the following facts respecting\\nthe modern practice of letting out Ram^s for hire by\\nthe season which, from very small beginnings, has al-\\nready risen to an astonishing height and is likely, for\\nsome time, to prove a copious source of wealth to the\\ncountry at large. About forty years ago, Mr. Bakewell\\nlet out rams at sixteen and seventeen shillings a-piece\\nand from that time, the prices kept gradually rising from\\none guinea to ten. But the most rapid increase has\\ntaken place since the year 1780. Four hundred gui-\\nneas have been repeatedly given. Mr. Bakewell in\\nthe year 1789, made twelve hundred guineas by three\\nRams; two thousand of seven and, of his whole stocky\\nthree thousand guineas. Astonishing as this may ap-\\npear, it is nevertheless an undoubted fact. But it\\nought to be observed, that these great prices are not\\ngiven by graziers, for the purpose of improving their\\ngrazing stock but by principal breeders, in order to\\nprocure a stock of Rams of the improved breed, which", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0080\u00a2HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 65\\nthey let out again to breeders of an inferior class. The\\nprices given by graziers, for the sole purpose of getting\\ngrazing stock, seldom exceed ten guineas, which is\\nconsidered as an extraordinary price, five or six guineas\\nbeing most frequently given.\\nThis valuable breed has likewise found its way into\\nNorthumberland. Mess. Culley, of Fenton Mr. Thomp-\\nson, of Liburn; and Mess. Donkin and Co. of Hex-\\nham-brewery, with great spirit, and at considerable ex-\\npence, have greatly improved tlieir respective breeds of\\nSheep, by an admission of the Dishley blood.\\nE", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "66\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nA WEBBER OF MR, CULLETs BREED.\\nWe are favoured, by Mr. Culley, with the following\\naccount of a Wedder of his breed, fed at Fenton in\\nNorthumberland, and killed at Alnwick in October,\\n1787, when four years old: His dimensions were as\\nfollow: Girt, four feet eight inches and an half; breadth\\nover his shoulders, one foot three inches over his mid-\\ndle, one foot seven inches and a quarter; across the\\nbreast, from the inside of one fore leg to the inside of\\ntha other, nine inches. At the dividing of the quarters\\nthrough the ribs, it measured seven inches and one-\\neighth of solid fat, cut strait through without any slope;\\nand his mutton was of the most beautiful bright colour.\\nBut in nothing was he so remarkable as in the small-\\nness of his bones. The proprietor of this Sheep la-\\nments that he had not the offals exactly weighed (by\\noffals, we would be understood to mean not only the\\ntallow, but the head, pluck and pelt, with the blood\\nand entrails) j beca.uie it is now well known, that this", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0084.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. ^7\\nbreed of Sheep have a greater quantity of mutton, in\\nproportion to the ofFal, tlian any other kind we know of^\\nand is consequently cheaper to the consumer.\\n[The drawing from which the preceding cut was ta-\\nken, was made by Mr. Bailey, of Chillingham, soon af-\\nter the Sheep had been Shorn.]\\nBefore we quit this article, we must take notice of a\\nbreed of Sheep which have hitherto been but little\\nknown or attended to; although, it is probable, they\\npossess advantages of equal importance with those we\\nhave just mentioned; and, in all likelihood, they might\\nhave continued still longer in the same neglected state,\\nbut for the endeavours of a set of men, who, actuated\\nby a truly patriotic zeal, are labouring to draw out the\\nnatural resources of their country, and secure, to the\\nmost distant and long-neglected parts of this kingdom,\\nwhose permanent advantages to which they are by their\\nsituation entitled. In pursuing these important objects,\\nthe Highland Societij of Scotland have discovered, that\\nthe Shetland islands, and some parts of the Highlands\\nof Scotland, are in possession of a breed of Sheep,\\nwhich produces wool infinitely superior to that of any\\nother in the kingdom, and equal to Spanish wool in fine-\\nness and texture. By order of the Society, specimens\\nof these Sheep have been obtained, for the purpose of a\\nfair investigation into the nature and quahty of their\\nwool, which, upon examination, proves much hnerthaii\\nwas at first imagined. We are favoured, by Dr. James\\nAnderson, with the following particulars\\nE", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0085.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "68 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE SHETLAND SHEEP,\\nArt. handsome^ small, and in general hornless; and\\nare peculiarly distinguished by the unusual shortness\\nand STfiallness of their tails. They weigh, when fat,\\nfrom eight to ten pounds per quarter. Their fleeces\\nare, on an average, about two pounds weight. The wool,\\nwhen properly dressed, is of a pure and glossy white:\\nSome small specimens of it, compared with Vigognia\\nwool, were allowed, by good judges, to be fully as fine;\\nand, in softness, equal to that of which the Indian\\nshawls are made. The Sheep producing this fine wool\\nare said to be of the hardiest nature They are never\\nhoused, and, in the winter season, are often so pinched\\nfor food, that they are obliged to feed upon the sea-\\nware driven upon the shore. Besides the wool with\\nwhich they are covered, they have long hairs growing\\namongst it, which serve to shelter it.\\nIt is a singular circumstance, that the Shetland Sheep\\nare never shorn; but, about the beginning of June, the\\nwool is pulled off, without the smallest pain or injury\\nto the animal, leaving the long hairs already mentioned,\\nwhich contribute to keep the creature warm and com-\\nfortable, at a season of the year when cold and piercing\\nwinds mav be expected, in so northern a latitude.\\nFrom the spirited measures which are now taking to\\npreserve this valuable breed*, we are led to hope, that\\nBritish wool may in time regain that great superiority\\nSee the Report of the Coniinittee of the Highland Society,\\non the subject of wool. 1789.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0086.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "HISTORY GF QUADRITPEDS.\\n69\\nfor which it was once so famous and that, by perse-\\nverance and attention to this important object, we may\\nin time be enabled to produce not only as fine wool as\\ncan be obtained from any other country, but may also,\\nin the same breed, be able to conjoin with it every\\nother desirable peculiarity, -such as closeness of fleece,\\nbeauty and utility of form, hardii.css, a capability of be-\\ning easily fattened, largeness of size, and other valuable\\nqualities, adapted to every peculiarity of situation in\\nthese islands.\\nE 3", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0087.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "70 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE nUJfKT, OR DWARF SHEEP.\\nAnother variety of the Sheep kind, deserves to be no-\\nticed for the singular and grotesque formation of its fea-\\ntures. The wool, growing round its head, forms a kind\\nof hood or rufF, before which stand its short erect ears\\nThe uncommon protrusion of its under jaw considera-\\nbly before the upper, by which the fore teeth are left\\nexposed, and the shortness of the nose, which lies un\u00c2\u00bb\\nder its high-projecting forehead, altogether give it the\\nappearance of deformity, and make a striking contrast\\nto most animals of the Sheep kind.- A Ram, from\\nwhicli the drawing was made, came from abroad, with\\ntwo Ewes, as a present to a gentleman in the county of\\nNorthumberland. They are very small, and have no\\nhorns. In Lincolnshire there is a small kind, mention-\\ned, by Mr. Culley, under the name oi Dunkies which\\nwe suppose to be the same with this.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0088.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE TARTARIAJf SHEEP.\\nThe Sheep, of which the annexed cut is an accurate\\nrepresentation, seem to be the same with those describ-\\ned by Mr. Pennant, under the name of the fat-mmped\\nSheep. A pair of them was brought to this country, by\\nway of Russia, from the borders of Tartary. They are\\nrather larger than the English Sheep. The colour of\\nthe male is roan, or light brown mixed with white\\nthat of the female, black and white Their ears are pen-\\ndulous; and, instead of a tail, they have a large protu-\\nberance of fat behind, which covers the rump. AVhen\\nthe drawing was made, they had just been shorn; at\\nother times, the wool is so long and thick, that their\\nform cannot well be distinguished.\\nThe African or Gidnea iShcep are found in most of\\nthe tropical climates. They are large, strong, and\\nswift; with coarse hairy fleeces, short horns\u00c2\u00bb pendulous\\nears; have a kind of dew-lap under the chin; and,\\nthough domesticated, seem to approach nearest to a\\nstate of nature.", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0089.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "7\u00c2\u00ae\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE MAMT BORMEB SHEEP.\\nThe Iceland Sheep, as well as those of Muscovy and\\nthe coldest climates of the north, resemble our own in\\nthe form of the body, but differ in the number of their\\nhorns, having generally four, and sometimes eight,\\ngrowing from the forehead. Their wool is long, smooth\\nand hairy: They are of a dark-brown colour; and, un-\\nder the outward coat of hair, which drops off at stated\\nperiods, there is an internal covering resembling fur,\\nwhich is fine, short, and soft: The quantity produced\\nby each Sheep is about four pounds.\\nThe broad-tailed Sheep, common in Persia, Barbary,\\nSyria, and Egypt, are remarkable chiefly for their large\\nand heavy tails, which grow a foot broad, and so long,\\nthat the shepherds are obliged to put boards with small\\nwheels under them, to keep them from galling. The\\nflesh of these tails is esteemed a great delicacy: It is\\nof a substance between fat and iparrow, and eaten witl", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0090.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 73\\nthe lean of the mutton They generally weigh from\\ntwenty to fifty pounds each.\\nI he skeep bred on the mountains of Thibet produce\\nwool of extraordinary length and fineness, of which is\\nmade the Indian shawl, frequently sold iq this country\\nfor fifty pounds or upwards,\\nTHE WALLACHIAM SHEEP.\\nfOvis Strepskeros, Lin. La Chcvre ck Cj-etc, Buff.^\\nIn Wallachia, they have Sheep with curious spiral\\nhorns, standing upright, in the ftyrni of a screw long\\nshaggy fleeces and, in size and form, nearly resem-\\nbling ours. They are also found in the island of Crete,\\nand in many of the islands of the Archipelago. This is\\njsaid to be the Strcpskherps of the ancients.", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0091.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "74* HISTORY Ol^ OUADRUPEDiS.\\nTHE MOUFLOJf, OR MUSMON,\\n(Capra AvimoUy Lin. Le Moiiflon, BufF.^\\nHas been classed both with the Sheep and the Goat\\nkind, and may be considered as standing in a middle\\nplace, and forming the link between each for it is\\ncurious to observe, that Nature, in all her variations,\\nproceeds by slow and almost insensible degrees, scarce-\\nly drawing a firm and distinguishing line between any\\ntwo races of animals that are essentially different, and\\nyet, in many respects, nearly allied to each other.\\nIn all transitions from one kind to the other, there is to\\nbe found a middle race, that seems to partake of the\\nnature of both, and that can precisely be referred to\\nneither. Thus it is hard to discover where the Sheep\\nkind ends, or the Goat begins. The Musmon, there-\\nfore, which is neither Sheep nor Goat, has a strong\\naffinity to both. Though covered with hair, it bears a\\nstrong similitude to the Ram Its eyes are placed near\\nthe horns and its ears are shorter than those of the\\nGoat: Its horns resemble those of the Ram, in being", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0092.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS, 75\\na yellow colour, and a triangular shape they like-\\nwise bend backward behind the ears: In sorae they\\ngrow to an amazing size, and measure above two\\nyards long. The general colour of the hair is reddish-\\nbrown the inside of the thighs and belly white, tinctur-\\ned with yellow the muzzle and inside of the ears are\\nof a whitish colour the other parts of the face are of\\na brownish-grey.\\nThe Musmon is found in the wild and uncultivated\\nparts of Greece, Sardinia, Corsica, and ia the desarts\\nof Tartary.\\nThe form of this animal is strong and muscular, and it\\nruns with great agility. It is very timorous, and, when\\nold is seldom taken alive. It frequents the highest sum-\\nmits of the mountains, and treads securely on the most\\ndangerous precipices. The old Rams have often furi-\\nous battles with each other, in which one of the con-\\ntending parties will sometimes be thrown down from the\\nheights on which they stand, and dashed in pieces at\\nthe bottom. If their horns should by accident entangle,\\nthey have been known to fall and perish together.\\nThe chase of the Musmon is attended with great\\ndanger. At the sight of a man, they fly to the highest\\nparts of the rocks, where th.?y cannot easily be follow-\\ned They are sometimes taken in pit-falls. The Tar-\\ntars pursue them with horses and dogs, and, surround-\\ning a pretty large tract of land, drive them towards the\\ncentre, where they are caught.\\nThe Kamschatkanspass the latter pnrt of the summer,\\nwith all their families, among the mountains, in pursuit\\n\u00c2\u00a9f these animals. The flesh and fat of the young Mus-\\nmons are esteemed by the natives, as most delicious", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0093.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "76 HISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS.\\neating. The skins serve them for warm raiments and\\ncoverings The horns are made use of for a variety of\\nuseful purposes.\\nThis creature has been known to breed with the\\nSheep 5 and from that circumstance, is supposed, by\\nM. BufFon and others, to be the primitive race.\\nThe female of this species is rather less than the\\nmale and her horns never grow to that prodigious size\\nThose of Kamschatka are so strong, that tcu men can\\nscarcely hold one; and the horns are so large, that\\nyoung foxes often shelter themselves in the hollow of\\nsuch as fail off by accident. They grow to the size of\\na young stag, copulate in autumn, and bring forth oae\\nyoung at a time, though sometinxes two.\\n^j^", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0094.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS,\\n77\\nTHE COMMOJsr GOAT,\\n(Capra HircuSy Lin. Lt Banc, La Chevre, BuiTJ\\nThis lively, playful, and capricious creature occu-\\npies the next step in the great scale of Nature and,\\nthough inferior to the Sheep in value, in various instan-\\nces bears a strong affinity to that useful animal. The\\nGoat and the Sheep will propagate together: The He-\\nGoat copulates w^ith the Ewe, and the Ram with the\\nShe-Goat; the offspring likewise is prolilic.\\nThe Goat is much more hardy than the Sheep, and\\nis, in every respect, more fitted for a life of Jibertv.\\nIt is not easily confined to a flock, but chuses its own\\npasture, straying wherever its appetite or inclination\\nleads It chieliy delights in w:kl and mountainous re-\\ngions, climbing the loftiest rocks, and standing secure\\non the verge of inaccessible and dangerous precipices;\\nalthough, as Ray observes, one would hardly suppose", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0095.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "78 HISTORY O^ gUADRUPEDS.\\nthat their feet were adapted to such perilous achieve-\\nments; yet upon a nearer inspection, we find that Na-\\nture has provided them with hoofs well calculated for\\nthe purpose of climbing they are hollow underneath,\\nwith sharp edges, like the inside of a spoon, which\\nprevent them from sliding off the rocky eminences they\\nfrequent.\\nThe Goat is an animal easily sustained, and is chiefly\\ntherefore the property of those v. ho inhabit wild and un-\\ncultivated regions, where it finds an ample supply of\\nfood from the spontaneous productions of Nature, in\\nsituations inaccessible to other creatures. It delights in\\nthe heathy mountain, or the shrubby rock, rather than\\nthe fields cultivated by human industry. Its favourite\\nfood are the tops of the boughs, or the tender bark of\\nyoung trees. It bears a warm climate better than the\\nSheep, and frequently sleeps exposed to the hottest\\nrays of the sun.\\nThe milk of the Goat is sweet, nourishing, and me-\\ndicinal, and is found highly beneficial in consumptive\\ncases It is not so apt to curdle upon the stomach as\\nthat of the Cow. From the shrub and heath on which\\nit feeds, the milk of the Goat acquires a flavour and\\nwildness of taste very different from that of either the\\nSheep or the Cow, and is highly pleasing to such as\\nhave accustomed! themselves to its use It is made into\\nwhey for those whose digestion is too weak to bear it in\\nits primitive state. Several places in the north of En^^\\ngland and the mountainous parts of Scotland are much\\nresorted to for the purpose of drinking the milk of the\\nGoat; and its effects have been often salutary in vitia-\\nted and debilitated habits.\\nIn many parts of Ireland, and in the Highlands of\\nScotland, their Goats make the chief possessions of the", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0096.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 79\\ninhabitants and, in most of the mountainous parts of\\nJEurope, supply the natives with many of the necessa-\\nries of life They lie upon beds made of their skins,\\nwhich are soft, clean, and wholesome they live upon\\ntheir milk, and oat bread; they convert part of it into\\nbutter, and some into cheese. The flesh of the kid is\\nconsidered as a great rarity and, when properly prepar-\\ned, is esteemed by some as little inferior to venison.\\nThe Goat produces generally two young at a time,\\n-sometimes three, rarely four In warmer climates, it is\\nmore prolific, and produces four or five at once though\\nthe breed is found to degenerate. The male is capa-\\nble of propagating at one year old, and the female at\\nseven months but the fruits of a generation so prema-\\nture are generally weak and defective Their best time\\nis at the age of two years, or eighteen months at least.\\nThe Goat is a short-lived animal, full of ardour, but\\nsoon enervated. His appetite for the female is exces-\\nsive, so that one buck is sufficient for one hundred and\\niiftj females.", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0097.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "8o\\nHISTORY GF QUADRUPEDS,\\nTHE IBEX,\\n(Capra Ibex, JJm.\u00e2\u0080\u0094Le Bouquetln, BufF.y^\\nIf we believe M. Buffon, is the stock from whence our\\ndomestic Goat is descended; it is larger, but resembles\\nit much in the shape of its body its horns are much lar-\\nger; they -ajQ bent backward, and are full of knobs:\\nEvery year the creature lives, it is asserted, one is added\\nto the number of them. Some of these horns have been\\nfound at least two yards long. The head of the Ibex\\nis small, adorned with a dusky beard; and has a thick\\ncoat of hair of a deep brown colour, mixed with ash A\\nstreak of black runs along the top of its back The belly\\nand thighs are of a delicate fawn colour. The female is\\none-third less than the male; her horns are very small,\\nand not above eight inches long.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0098.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nSt\\nThe Ibex inhabits the highest Alps of the Grisons\\ncountry and the Vallais, and is also found in Crete\\nThey are very wild, and difficult to be shot and as they\\nalways keep upon the highest points of the rocks, the\\nchase of them is attended with great danger They are\\nvery strong and often turn upon the incautious huntsman,\\nand tumble him down the precipice, unless he have\\ntime to lie down, and let the animal pass over him.\\nThey bring forth one young at a timCj seldom two j\\nand are said not to be long-lived.\\n\\\\ili^%UL\\\\,i. ^i^0i^\\nTHE CHAMOIS-GOAT.\\n(Capra Rvpicapra, Lin. Ysarus on Sarris, Buff.)\\nThe Chamois, though a wild animal, is very easily\\nmade tameand. docile. It is to be found onlv in rocky\\nF", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0099.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "82 HISTORY OF gUAETRUPEDS.\\nand mountaneous places is about the size of a domes-\\ntic Goat, and resembles it in many respects. It is most\\nagreeably lively, and active beyond expressioii. The hair\\nis short, like that of the Doe In spring, it is of an ash\\ncolour in autumn, dun, inclining to black and in win-\\nter, of a blackish brown.\\nThe animal is found, in great plenty, in the moun-\\ntains of Dauphiny, Piedmont, Savoy, Switzerland, and\\nGermany. They are very gentle, and live in society\\nwith each other. They are found in flocks from four\\nto four score, and even an hundred, dispersed upon the\\ncrags of the mountains. The large males are seen feed-\\ning, detached from the rest; except in rutting time,\\nwhen they approach the females, and drive away the\\nyoung. The time of their coupling is from the begin-\\ning of October to the end of November; and they\\nbring forth in March and April. The young keep with\\nthe dam for about five months, and sometimes longer,\\nif the hunters and the wolves do not separate them. It^\\nis asserted, that they live between twenty and thirty\\nyears. Their flesh is good to eat; and they yield tenor\\ntwelve pounds of suet, which far surpasses that of the\\nGoat in hardness and goodness.\\nThe Chamois has scarcely any cry: It has a kind of\\nfeeble bleat, by which the parent calls its young But in\\ncases of danger, and when it is to warn the rest of the\\nflock, it uses a hissing noise, which is heard at a great\\ndistance For it is to be observed, that this creature is\\nextremely vigilant, and has an eye remarkably quick and\\npiercing Its smell also is not less distinguishing. When\\nit sees its enemy distinctly, it stops for a moment and,\\nif the peisoa be near, ii flies off in an instant. In the", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0100.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "HistGRY OF Quadrupeds. S3\\nsame manner, by its smell, it can discover a man at half\\na league distance, and give immediate notice. Upon\\nthe least alarm, the Chamois begins its hissing note with\\ngreat force. The first hiss continues as long as the\\ntime of one respiration In the beginning it Is very\\nsharp, and deeper towards the close. The animal hav-\\ning, after this first alarm, reposed a moment, again\\nlooks round and perceiving the reality of its fears, con-\\ntinues to hiss by intervals, until it has spread the alarm\\nto a very great distance. During this time, It seems in\\nthe most violent agitation it strikes the ground with\\none fore foot, and sometimes with both it bounds from\\nrock to rock, turns and looks round, runs to the edge\\nof the precipice, and, still perceiving the enemy, flies\\nwith all its speed. The hissing of the male is muck\\nJouder and sharper than that of the female It is perform-\\ned through the nose, and is properly no more than a\\nvery strong breath driven violently through a small\\naperture.\\nThe Chamois feeds upon the best herbage, and chuses\\nthe most delicate parts of the plants, the flowers, and\\nthe tender buds. It is not less delicate with regard to\\nseveral aromatic herbs, which grows upon the sides of\\nthe mountains. It drinks very little while it feeds upon\\nthe succulent herbage, and chews the cud in the inter-\\nvals of feeding.\\nThis animal is greatly admired for the beauty of its\\neyes, which are round and sparkling, and mark the\\nw^armth of its constitution, Irs head is furnished with\\ntwo small horns of about half a foot long, of a bcaatitui\\nblack, rising from the forehead almost betwixt the eyes:\\nThese, instead of going l ackvYards or sideways, stand\\nF 2", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0101.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "S4 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nforward, and bend a little backward at their extremitie^y\\nending in a very sharp point. The ears are placed, in\\na very elegant manner, near the horns; there are two\\nstripes of black on each side of the face, the rest is of\\na whitish-yellow. The horns of a female are less, and\\nnot so much bent The natives have been known to\\nbleed cattle with the m.\\nThese animals are so much incommoded by heat, that\\nthey are never found in summer, except in the caverns\\nof rocks, amidst fragments of unmelted ice, under the\\nshade of high and spreading trees, or of rough and hang-\\ning precipices, that face the North, and keep off entire-\\nly the rays of the sun. They go to pasture both morn-\\ning and evening, and seldom during the heat of the\\nday. They run along the rocks with great ease and\\nseeming indifference, and leap from one to another, so\\nthat no dogs are able to pursue them. Nothing can be\\nmore extraordinary than the facility with which they\\nclime and descend precipices, that to all other quadru-\\npeds, are inaccessible They always mount or descend\\nin an oblique direction, and throw themselves down\\na rock of thirty feet, and light with great security\\nupon some excrescence or fragment, on the side of the\\nprecipice, which is just large enough to place their feet\\nupon; They strike the rock, however, in the descent,\\nwith their feet, three or four times, to stop the velocity\\nof their motion; and, w^hen they have got upon the\\nbase below, they at once seem fixed and secure. In\\nfact, to see them jump in this manner, they seem rather\\nto have wings than legs. Certain it is, that their legs\\nare formed for this arduous employment; the hind be-\\ning rather longer than the fore legs, and bending in such", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0102.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF qUADRUPEDS. 85\\na manner, that, when they descend upon them, they\\nbreak the force of their fall.\\nDuring the rigours of winter, the Chamois sleeps in\\nthe thickest forests, and feeds upon the shrubs, and the\\nbuds of the pine-tree.\\nThe hunting of the Chamois is very laborious and\\ndifficult. The most usual way is to shoot them from be-\\nhind the clefts of the rocks. Some also pursue them\\nas they do the Stag, by placing proper persons at all the\\npassages of a glade or valley, and then sending in others\\nto rouse the game. Dogs are quite useless in this chase,\\nas they rather alarm than overtake Nor is it without\\ndanger to the men for it often happens, that, when the\\nanimal finds itself overpressed, it drives at the hunter\\nwith its head, and often tumbles him down an adjoining\\nprecipice, The Chamois cannot go upon ice when\\nsmooth but if there be the least inequalities on its sur-\\nface, it then bounds along in security, and quickly\\nevades ail pursuit.\\nThe skin of the Chamois was once famous, when\\ntanned, for its softness and warmth: At present, how-\\never, since the art of tanning has been brought to great-\\ner perfection, the leather called sJiamvioij is made also\\nfrom those of the tame Goat, the Sheep and the Deer.\\nIfe-^^^", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0103.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "B\\nHISTORY OF 2UADRUPED?.\\nCOAT OF AJVGORJy\\nIs well known for its long hair, which is thick, glossy,\\nof a dazzling whiteness, and so fine, that cloths as\\nbeautiful as silk, known among us by the name o(\\ncamblets, are made of it. Its ears are long and pendu-\\nlous. The male is furnished with horns, curiously\\ntwisted, which proceed horizontally from each side of\\nthe head, forming a screw; those of the female are\\nshorter, and encircle the ear somewhat like those of the\\ncommon Ram. They inhabit the rocky mountains of\\nPontus, where they experience a considerable degree\\nof cold They would probably thrive in Britain as\\nwell as in their native country. The same might be\\nsaid of the Goat of Thibet, so famious for the fineness of\\nits wool it lives in a climate colder than ours in win\u00c2\u00b0\\nter, and might probably be transplanted with success.\\nIn Portugal there is a breed of fine large Goats, re-\\nmarkable for yielding a great quantity of milk, a gal-", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0104.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS,\\n87\\nIon and a half per day. These, if introduced into our\\nNavy, might be of infinite services in long voyages.\\nExperiments of this kind would certainly be attended\\nwith many great advantages; and it were much to be\\nwished, that the great and opulent would employ some\\nportion of their time and affluence in procuring, from\\ndistant countries, such useful anirnals as would propa-\\ngate in our island, and are yel unknown in it. By this\\nmeans marry of our lofty mountains might contribute to\\nsupport a variety of useful creatures, that would at the\\nsame time, beautify the most barreji and rugged parts\\nof o ir country.\\nF4", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0105.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADIlUf\u00c2\u00a3BS,\\nTHE STRMM GOAT,\\nM. Buffon makes this a variety of the Goat of Ango-\\nra it differs from ours in nothing more than the length\\nof its ears, which are pendulous, and from one to two\\nfeet long They are often troublesome to the creature\\nin feeding for which I eason, the owmers are sometimes\\nobliged to cut one of them off. Their horns are short\\nand black. They are very numerous in the neighbour-\\nhood of Aleppo, and supply the inhabitants with miJk,\\nwhich they prefer to that of the Cow or the Buffalo.\\nThese are the principal varieties of the Goat kind; of\\nw^hich there are others of less note such as the African\\nGoat or Buck of Judah, which is not muclf larger than\\na Hare; it is extremely fat. and its flesh is well tasted:\\nThe horns are short, smooth, and turn a little forward.\\nIt is common in Guinea, Angola, and all along the\\ncoast of Africa.\\nIn America there are Goats of a small kind, not much\\nlarger than a kid, with long hair The horns^ which are", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0106.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. S\u00c2\u00a7\\nsftort and thick, bend downwards so close to the head,\\nfits almost to penetrate the skull. These are, in every\\nrespect, similar to the dwarf Goat found in Africa; and,\\naccording to BufFon, have been sent from that country,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094It is certain that before the discovery of America by\\nthe Sjs^aniards, the Goat, and every other domestic ani-\\npial were unknown there.\\nTHE GAZELLES, OR AMTELOPES.\\nThese are a numerous and beautiful race of animals,\\ninhabiting the hottest parts of the globe. They are\\nclassed by systematic writers, with the Goat kind and,\\nlike them, have hollow horns, which they never cast\\nIn other respects they greatly resemble the Deer, espe-\\ncially in the elegance of their form and the swiftness of\\ntheir motions. They are of a restless and timid dispo-\\nsition, remarkably agile their boundings are so light\\nand elastic, as to strike the spectators with astonishment.\\nOf all animals, the Gazelle has the most beautiful\\neye to which the eastern poets have made frequent al-\\nlusions^ in describing those of their favourite beauties.\\nThe distinguishing marks of this tribe of animals, in\\nwhich they differ both from the Goat and the Deer, are\\nprincipally these :-~-Theiir horns are different, being an-\\nnulated or ringed round, and at the same time marked\\nwith longitudinal depressions or furrows, running from\\nthe base to the point Besides the extreme beauty and\\nmeekness of its aspect, the Gazelle is more delicately\\n^nd finely limbed than the Roe-buck its hair is liner\\nand more glossy Its swiftness is so great, that the\\nGreyhound, jhe fleetest of Dogs, is unequal to the", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0107.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "go HISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS.\\ncourse and the sportsman is obliged to call in the aid\\nof the Falcon, whioh, being trained to the work, seizes\\non the animal, and impedes its, motion, so as to enable\\nthe Dogs to overtake it. In India and Persia a sort of\\nLeopard is sometimes made use of in the chase, which\\ntakes its prey by the greatness of its springs but should\\nhe fail in his first essay, the game escapes.\\nSome species pf the Antelope form herds of two or\\nthree thousand, while others keep in small troops of\\nfive or six. They for the most part live in hilly coun-\\ntries. They often browse like the Goat, and feed on\\nthe tender shoots of young trees, which gives their\\nflesh an excellent flavour.\\nThere are many varieties of this animal^ some of\\nthem little known or described.\\nTHE BLUE GOAT.\\n(Antelope Leucophcea^ Pallas.)\\nMr. Pennant considers this as being next to the\\nGoatj, from the length of its hair, and form of its horns.\\nThe colour of this creature is a fine blue, resembling\\nvelvety but when dead, it is said to change to a bluish\\ngrey Its belly is white beneath each eye it has a large\\nwhite mark Its tail is seven inches in length, with\\nlong hairs at the end; Its horns incline backward,and\\nform a curve; three-fourths of their length are decorated\\nwith twenty-four rings the uppermost quarter is smooth,\\nand runs tapering to a point. It inhabits the hottest\\nparts of Africa.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Sparman describes one which he saw\\nat the Cape of Good Hope, and calls it a Blaaw-bok,", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0108.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS.\\n91\\nTHE PIED GOAT.\\nThis animal is likewise an inhabitant of the Cape,\\n^s well as the plains and woods of Senegal, where large\\nherds of them are to be seen.\\nIt is remarkable for having a white band running\\nalong each of its sides, crossed by two others from the\\nback to the belly, disposed somewhat like a harness,\\nfrom whence it is called the Harnessed Antelope: On\\neach side of the rump it has three w^hite lines pointing\\ndownwards; its thighsare spotted with white; the colour\\nof the body is a deep tawney; beneath each eye there\\nis a white spot; its horns are straight, nine inches long,\\npointed backward, with two spiral ribs. Great flocks\\nof them are found in the plains and woods of the coun-\\ntry of Poder, in Africa. It is called, by Al. Buffon,the\\nGuiby and, by Sparman, the Bonti-bok, or Spoiled Goat.", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0109.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "m\\nHISTORY OF gUADRUPEPSo\\nTHE WOOD GOAT.\\nWe are Indebted to the indefatigable labours of Dr.\\nSparrman, for an accurate description of this rare ani-\\nmal, which is found in the country about the Cape of\\nGood Hope, and lives chiefly in woods and groves,\\nfrom whence it derives its name.\\nIts horns are black, somewhat more than ten inches\\nlong, and have three sides wreathed in a spiral direc-\\ntion towards the top at the bottom, they are rough,\\nin consequence of a number of wavy rings, which, how-\\never, are not elevated much above the surface at the\\ntop, they are round, sharp-pointed, and in that part as\\nsmooth as if they had been polished their position is\\nalmost in the same line with the forehead, inchning a\\nlittle forwards, and, by means of the twist they make,\\nrecede from each other towards the middle, where they\\nare three inches and a half distant at the base they\\nare only one inch.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0110.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS. g$\\nThe Wood-Goat is somewhat more than two feet and\\na half high, of a dark brown colour, in some parts bor-\\ndering upon black On each cheek-bone there are two\\nlarge white spots another, still larger, occupies the\\nforepart of the neck, somewhat below the top of the\\nwind-pipe and several smaller white spots are scatter-\\ned over the haunches A narrow line of white hair ex-\\ntends from the neck all along the back and tail, but is\\nnot easily distinguished, being hid by the length of the\\ndark brown hairs on the top of the back, which are\\nthree or four inches long, so as to form a kind of mane:\\nThe hair on the head is very short and fine; in other\\nparts of the body it is longer, resembling that of Goats:\\nIts tail is not more than a finger s breadth in length,\\ncovered with long hairs, which extend down the hind\\npart of the thighs and buttocks; the legs and feet are\\nslender; the fetlock joints are likewise small; the nose\\nand under lip, which are white, are decorated with\\nblack wiskerS about an inch long.\\nAs this creature runs but slowly, it is sometimes\\ncaught with dogs. When it finds there is no other re-\\nsource, it boldly puts itself into a posture of defence;\\nand when going to butt, kneels down, and in that po-\\nsition sells its life at a very dear rate, killing and goring\\nsome of the best and most spirited hounds. It carries\\nits head straight forward whilst it runs, laying its horns\\nupon its neck, to prevent their being entangled in the\\nbushes. The female is without horns: and, being\\nlighter than the male, runs more freely through the\\nforests, and is not so easily caught, her breast is said to\\nbe very plump But the flesh of this animal is not ver)\\ntender.", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0111.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "94*\\nHISTORY OF gUA^RUPEDS.\\nTHE SPRIJVGER.\\nThe White- Ante lope, v/hlch is supposed to be the same\\nwith the Pygargy mentioned in the book of Numbers,\\nis an inhabitant of the Cape of Good Hope, where it is\\ncalled the Spring-hok, and is to be seen in herds of seve-\\nral thousands, covering the plains as far as the eye can\\nreach. Sparman says, that having shot at a large herd\\nof them, they formed a line, and immediately made a\\ncircular movement as if to surround him; but after-\\nwards flew off in different directions.\\nThe height of this beautiful creature is two feet and\\na half; it measures, from the ears to the tail, somewhat\\nabove three feet: the tail is rather less than a foot long:\\nThe length of the ears six inches and a half; that of\\nthe horns, measuring them along their curvatures, nine\\ninches; their distance from the base, where they are", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0112.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. SS\\nnearly three inches thick, is one inch they gradually\\nwiden from thence to the distance of five inches from\\neach other, when they turn inwards, so that at the tip\\nthey are not aboye three inches and a half asunder 3 they\\nare of a deep-black colour, annulated above half way\\nup; toward the top they are quite smooth, and end in a\\nsharp point.\\nThe predominant colour of this animal is brown, or a\\nlight rust colour The breast, belly, and inside of the\\nlimbs are white as is also the head, excepting a dark-\\nbrown list, which passes from each corner of the mouth,\\nover the eyes, to the base of the horns A stripe of the\\nsame dark colour extends, on each side, from the shoul-\\nders to the haunches, forming a boundary between the\\nsnowy whiteness of the belly and the rusty colour of the\\nsides: The buttocks are white; and from the tail,\\nhalf way up the back, is a stripe of white, bounded\\non each side by a dark brown list The tail, at\\nleast the lower part of it, is aot thicker than a goose\\nquill; the under side is quite bare; towards the tip\\nthere are a few dark brown hairs, from one to two inch-\\nes and a half long. The ears are of an ash colour, tipt\\non the edges with fine light-gray hairs: The eye-brows\\nand whiskers are black The hair in general is fine and\\ns^hort but the dark line which borders upon the white\\nconsists of longer hairs, which the animal is able to\\nexpand to the breadth of eight or nine inches, particu-\\nlarly on taking a high leap. M hen pursued, it is ngi\\nless pleasant than curious to see the whole herd jump-\\ning over each other s heads to a considerable height;\\nSome of them will take three or four high leaps succes-\\nsively. In this situation, they seem suspended in the", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0113.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "96\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nair, looking over their shoulders at their pursuers, and\\nat the same time shewing the white part of their backs\\nin a most beautiful manner.\\nThe Springers are so extremely swift, as to require a\\ngood horse to overtake them; altho they are sometimes\\nbold enough to allow a sportsman, either on foot or ou\\nhorseback, to come within gun-shot of them. -Their\\nflesh is very palatable, and has a more juicy and deli-\\ncate taste than that of the other Gazelles.\\nTHE EL K-AMTELOPE.\\n(Le Coudous, Buff.)\\nThis is an inhabitant of the Cape, as well as the\\ngreatest part of India, and is one of the larger kinds of\\nGazelles. It has straight horns, two feet in length,\\nof a dark-brown colour, marked with two prominent\\nspiral ribs running near two-thirds of their length, but", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0114.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "JHlStORY OF QUADRUPEDS, S7\\nis^bnie towards the cnds^ which are turned a little in-\\nwards The forehead is flat, and broad at the top and\\nhas a forelock standing erect, the whole length of it:\\nIts nose is sharp and its breast is covered with a loose\\nskin.\\nThis animal is of an ash colour, inclining a little to-\\nwards blue has a thin upright mane, quite black,\\nwhich extends from the nape of its neck along the top\\nof its back it has a tuft of black hair at the end of the\\ntail.\\nThe Elk-x\\\\n^telopes live chiefly in plains and valleys\\nand, when hunted^ always run, if possible, against the\\nwind: They are not very swift; and being in general\\nfat, especially the males, which are always the largest\\n^nd fattest in the herd, are soon tired. The hunter ge-\\nnerally endeavours to get to windward of the animal,\\nwhich when he has accomplished, he takes an opportu-\\nnity of throwing hirnsel f from his horse, and instantly\\nshoots the flying game At this practice, the Dutch\\ncolonists at the Cape are so expert, as seldom to fail.\\nSparrman says, there have been many instances where\\nkeen sportsmen, as well for their own pleasure as con-\\nvenience, have hunted Elk-Antelopes and other Ga-\\nzelles, for many miles together, from the open plains,\\nand driven them to their own doors, before they thought\\nit worth while to shoot them.\\nThe female has horns like the male, but smaller.\\nThey are used by the Hottentots for tobacco-pipes.", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0115.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "g5 HISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS,\\nTHE HART-BEEST,\\n(Le Biihale, BufF.)\\nThis is the most common of all the larger Gazelles,\\nknown in any part of Africa. The following accurate\\ndescription is taken from Sparrman, to whom we are in-\\ndebted for the best accounts of such of these rare ani-\\nmals as are to be met with near the Cape. Its height\\nis somewhat above four feet; The horns are from six to\\nnine inches long, very strong and black, almost close at\\nthe base diverging upwards, and at the top bending\\nbackwards in an horizontal direction almost to the tips,\\nwhich turn a little downwards they are embossed with\\nabout eighteen rings of an irregular form. The general\\ncolour of the Hart-Beest is that of cinnamon; the front\\nof the head is marked with black, as is likewise the\\nfore part of the legs s the hind part of the haunch is co-", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0116.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nvered with a wide black streak, which reaches dowr^tiji\\nthe knee; a narrow stripe of black begins behind eacn*\\near, and runs all along the ridge of the neck a dark-\\nbrown oval spot extends over the back, terminating just\\nabove the tail, which is slender, somewhat like that of\\nan Ass, and is covered with strong black hairs about six\\ninches long: There is a pore about an inch below the\\neye, from which a matter is distilled, somewhat like ear-\\nwax, which the Hottentots preserve as a rare and ex-\\ncellent medicine.\\nThis animal is supposed to be the Bubalus of the an-\\ncients it is the Cervine Antelope of Mr. Pennant.\\nThe hair of the Hart-Beest is very fine and its long\\ncars are covered with white hair on the inside; it has\\nonly eight teeth in the lower jaw, none in the upper;\\nthe legs are rather slender, with small fetlocks and hoofs.\\nThe large head and high forehead, together with the\\nassanine ears and tail, of the Hart-Beest, render it one\\nof the least handsome of the whole tribe of Antelopes.\\nIts pace, when at full speed, appears like a heavy gal-\\nlop notwithstanding which, it runs as fast as any of\\nthe larger Antelopes. When it has once got a-head of\\nits pursuers, it is very apt to turn round, and stare them\\nfull in the face.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Its flesh is fine, rather dry, hut of aw\\nagreeably high flavour.\\nG 2", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0117.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "too HISTORY OF gUADHUPEDS.\\nTHE KOEBOEy OR STRIPED AMTELOEE^\\n[Le Condiimay Buff.)\\nIs a beautiful tall Gazelle, inhabiting the Cape of\\nGood Hope v has long slender shanks is larger, though\\nnot so clumsy, as the Elk- Antelope Its horns are\\nsmooth, twisted spirally, with a prominent edge or rib\\nfollowing the wreaths; they are three feet nine inches\\nlong, of a pale-brown colour, close at the base, and at\\nthe points round and sharp.\\nThe colour of this animal is a rusty-brown; along the\\nridge of the back there is a white stripe, mixed with\\nbrown from this are eight or nine white stripes, point-\\ning downwards; the forehead and the forepart of tlje\\nnose are brown a white stripe runs from the corner of\\neach eye, and meets just above the nose upon each\\ncheek-bone, there are two small white spots the inner\\nedges of the ears are covered with w^hite hair, and the\\nupper part of the neck is adorned with a brown mane,\\nan inch long beneath the neck, from the throat to the\\nbreast, are some long hairs hanging dow^n the breast\\nand belly are gray the tail is two feet long, brown\\nabove, white beneath, and black at the end.\\nThe Koedoe, though a tall and slender ani mal, is not\\nso swift as many of the Gazelle kind, and is easily over-\\ntaken by the hounds: On these occasions, the males de-\\nfend themselves with great spirit with their horns, and\\nwill come to close quarters with th\u00c2\u00a3 dogs but the fe-\\nmales, having no horns, are obliged to depend on their\\nspeed-.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0118.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 101\\nTHE GEMSE-BOK,\\n[Capra Gazelluy Lin. Le Pasan^ Buff.)\\nIt is called by Mr. Pennant, the Egyptian Antelope.\\nThe horns are straight, slender, of a black colour, about\\nIthree feet long^ with above twenty rings reaching half\\nway to the point, which are smooth and taper; it is of\\nan ash colour, inclining to red; the belly, legs, and\\nface are white a black line extends from the back to\\nthe loins; the tail is about two feet long, terminated\\nwith black hairs.\\nThis animal is famous for a concretion in its stomach\\nor intestines, called the oriental bezoar, which was much\\nesteemed in former times for its great virtue in expel-\\nling poison in the human frame, and was sold at enor-\\nmous prices, its value increasing in proportion to its\\nsize.---There was a time when a stone of four ounces\\nsold in Europe for above ^.200; at present, however,\\nits estimation and price are greatly decreased. The\\nvirtues which ingorance and inexperience attributed to\\nit, are now found no longer to exist and this once ce-\\nlebrated medicine is now only consumed in countries\\nwhere the knowledge of Nature has been but little ad-\\nvanced. Similar concretions are likewise found in a\\nvariety of animals of the Gazelle and Goat kind Even\\nApes, Serpents and Hogs are said to have their bezoars.\\nIn short, there is scarcely an animal, except of the car-\\nnivorous kind, that does not produce some of these con-\\ncretions in the stomach, intestines, kidnics, and even\\nthe heart.\\n3", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0119.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "102 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nThese are the principal animals of the Gazelle kind\\ndescribed by Dr. Sparrman, in his voyage to the Cape\\nof Good Hope. He mentions a variety of others that\\nare to be met with there, of which he gives us little but\\ntheir names.\\nTHE REE-BOK,\\nIs two feet in height of an ash colour, somewhat re-\\nsembling that of a Hare, but a little more inclining to\\nred: The belly and anus are white: The tail is short:\\nThe horns are black and straight, very similar to\\nthose of the Gemse-bok, but barely a foot long, very ta-\\nper, and sharp pointed they are used by the Hotten-\\ntots as awls or bodkins, for boring holes in making\\ntheir shoes or cloaks.\\nThe flesh of this animal is dry, and accounted worse\\nto eat than that of any other Gazelle.\\nTHE RIET REE EOK,\\nIs twice as big as the last-mentioned animal Is mo-\\nnogamous (or keeps in pairs); it generally lies conceal-\\ned among the reeds and marshy places, and resembles\\nthe Ree-bok.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0120.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF SUADRUPEDS,\\n103\\n^rrrjr//aailllUili\\nTHE GRYS-BOK.\\n[La Grimmey BafF.)\\nIs of a grayish or asb colour, with large black ears, and\\na black spot round the eyes; straight black horns, slen-\\nder and sharp-pointed, not three inches long, slightly\\nannulated at the base: Its height is about eighteen\\ninches; and it is most elegantly formed: Beneath each\\neye is a cavity, that contains a strong-scented oily li-\\nquor, which smells something like musk, and, whenex^\\nposed to the air, becomes hard and black. It is the\\nGuinea Antelope of Mr. Pennant.\\nTHE KLIP-SPRIMGER,\\nIs of a light-red colour, inclining to yellow, intermixed\\nwith black streaks the tips and edges of its ears are\\nblack: It runs with great swiftness, and makes large\\nbounds, even on the steepest precipices, and in the\\nmost rocky places, where it cani\\\\ot easily be caught\\nwith hounds.\\nG4", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0121.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "i04 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n^:-^\u00c2\u00a3Z^:z;::t:\u00c2\u00bb^uu^^\\nHE GMU.\\nTo these we may add the Gnu^ the Hottentot name\\nfor a singular aninial, which, \\\\yith respect to its forrn,\\nH between the Horse and the Qx. It is about the size\\nof a common Gallpway, the length of it being some=\\nwhat above five feet, and the height rather more than\\nfour.\\nThis animal is of a dark-brown colour; the tail and\\nmane of a light-gray the shag on the chin and breast,\\nand the stiff hairs which stand erect on the forehead\\nand upper part of the face, are black The curvature\\nof the horns is singular; and the animal is represented;\\nin the cut in the attitude of butting, to give an idea of\\nit;^ form aiid position.\\nTh^ legs of the Gnu are small;, its hair is very fine\\nand it has a cavity beneath each eye, like most of the\\nAntelope kind.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0122.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 105\\nTHE STEEJf-BOK,\\n^i^frkagoh Buffi\\nIs found in Senega], and at the Cape of Good Hope.-- r\\nIts whole body is of a pale-red colour 3 it is as large as\\na Roerbuck^ its horns, whicli do not exceed six inches\\nin length, are almost smooth, and bend a little forward,\\nits ears are five inches long and it has a white spot\\npver each eye. It is called, by Mr. Pennant, the Red\\n^Antelope.\\nTHE SF/IFT AJfTELOPE,\\n[Le NangiieTy Buff.)\\nIs likewise a native of Africa, and is found in Senegal\\nIt is three feet and a half in length, and two and a\\nhialf high the horns are black and round, eight inches\\nin length, and what is singular^ bend forward at the\\npoints; its genera] colour is tawny; belly and thighs\\nwhite it has likewise a white spot under the neck, is\\na very handsome animal, and easily tamed, its swift-\\nness is compared to that of the wind.", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0123.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "10^\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS,\\nTHE COMMOM AMTELOPE.\\n[Capra Cervicapray Lin. U Antelope BufF.)\\nThe Antelope, properly so called, abounds in Barbary,\\nand in all the northern parts of Africa. It is somewhat\\nless than the Fallow-deer Its horns are about sixteen\\ninches long, surrounded with prominent rings almost to\\nthe top, where they are twelve inches distant from point\\nto point. The horns of the Antelope are remarkable\\nfor a beautiful double flexion, which gives them the ap-\\npearance of the lyre of the antients. The colour of the\\nhair on the back is brown, mixed with red the belly\\n^nd inside of the thighs a,re white the tail short.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0124.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. IO7\\nTHE BARBARY AMTELOPE,\\n[Capra Dorcas, Lin. La Gazelle, Buff.)\\nIs likewise common in all the northern parts of Africa,\\nin Syria, and Mesopotamia; and seems to be a variety of\\nthe last mentioned animal, which it strongly resembles;\\nonly the two colours on the back are separated from\\neach other by a strong dusky line on each side, and on\\neach knee there is a tuft of hair.\\nTHE KEY EL,\\n[Le Keveli Bu^.)\\nIs a native of Senegal: and, in colour and marks, very\\nmuch resembles the preceding animal. It is about the\\nsize of a small Roe-buck; and its horns, instead of be-\\ning round, are flatted on their sides, and the rings are\\nmore numerous. It lives in great flocks, may be easily\\ntamed, and is excellent meat.\\nTHE CORIK,\\n(Le Corine, Buff.)\\nIs still less than the two former animals: Its horns are\\nvery slender, only six inches long, and almost smootli,\\nthe annular prominences being scarcely discernible; each\\nside of its face is marked with a white Hue, and beneath", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0125.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "3 OS HiSTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\ntiiat a black one; the upper part of the body is tawn-yj\\nthe belly and inside of the thighs white; a dark line on\\n^ach side forms a separation between the two colours on\\nthe back and belly; on each knee is a tuft of hair.\\nSome of these animals are irregularly spotted with white,\\nTHE KOBA,\\n{Le Koha, Buff.)\\nIs remarkable for the form of its horns, which are almost\\nclose at the base, bending out towards the middle, where\\nthey form a curve inwards, and again fly off at the\\npoints, which bend backward they are seventeen inches\\nlong, surrounded with fifteen rings; the ends are smooth\\nand sharp.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0126.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS,\\nic^gl\\nTHE CHEVROTAIM AND MEMIMMA.\\n(Le Chevrotain de Guinea^ Buff.)\\nThe Chevrotain, or little Guinea Deer, is the smallest\\nof all the Antelope kind) the least of all cloven-footed\\nquadrupeds, and, we may add, the most beautiful. Its\\nfore legs, at the smallest part, are not much thicker than\\na tobacco-pipe it is not more than seven inches in\\nheight, and about twelve from the point of the nose to\\nthe insertion of the tail j its ears are broad and its\\nhorns, which are straight, and scarcely two inches long,\\nare black and shining as jet the colour of the hair is a\\nreddish-brown in some a beautiful yellow, very short\\nand glossy.\\nThese elesrant little creatures are natives of Sei eo:al\\nand the hottest parts of Africa; they are likewise found\\nin India, and in many of the islands adjoining to that\\nvast continent.\\nIn Ceylon, there is an animal of this kind called Mc-\\nvibma^ which is not larger than a Hare, but perfectly re-", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0127.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "no HISTORY OF OUADK.UPEDS.\\nsembling a Fallow-deer. It is of a gray colour; the\\nsides and haunches are spotted and barred with white\\nits ears are long and open; its tail short.\\nNone of these small animals can subsist but in a warm\\nclimate. They are so extremely delicate, that it is with\\nthe utmost difficulty they can be brought alive\u00c2\u00bbinto Eu-\\nrope, where they soon perish. They are gentle, familiar,\\nmost beautifully formed; and their agility is such, that\\nthey will bound over a wall twelve feet high. In Gui-\\nnea^ they are called Guevei, The female has no horns.\\nTHE SCYTHIAM AJfTELOFE\\n(Capra Tartarica, Lin. Le Saiga y BufF.^\\nThis is the only one of the species that is to be found\\nin Europe. The form of its body resembles the domes-\\ntic Goat; but its horns are those of an Antelope, being\\nmarked by very prominent rings, with furrows between;\\nthey are a foot long, the ends smooth, of a pale-yellow\\ncolour, almost transparent.\\nThe male, during winter, is covered with long rough\\nhair, like the He-Goat, and has a strong scent the fe-\\nmak is smoother, and without horns. The general co-\\nJour is gray, mixed with yellow; the under part of the\\nbody is white.\\nThese animals inhabit Poland, Moldavia, about Mount\\nCaucasus, the Caspian Sea, and Siberia are fond of\\nsalt, and frequent the places v/here salt-springs abound.\\nIn the rutting season, at the latter end of autumn, great\\nflocks \u00c2\u00a9f them, consisting of several thousands, migrate", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0128.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "HISTORY Oi^ ^tJABJ^UPEDS. till\\ntowards the south, and return in the spring, in smaller\\nHockSj to the great northern deserts, where the females\\nbring forth their young, and rear them.\\nThe malesj the females and their yoang, generally\\nfeed together and, when a part of them are resting,\\nothers, by an instinctive kind of caution, are always keep-\\ning watch I these again are relieved in due time; and,\\nin this manner, they alternately rest and keep watch;\\nfrequently preserving themselves, by this means^ from\\nthe attacks of men and wild beasts.\\nTheir common pace is a trot; but, w^hen they exert\\ntheir speed, they bound like the Roe-buck, and exceed\\nit in fleetness. They are so timid, as to suffer themselves\\nto be taken through fear: If once bitten by a dog, they\\ninstantly fall down, and give themselves up without fur-\\nther effort to escape. When taken young, they are easi*\\nly tamed; but the old ones are so wild and obstinate, as\\nto refuse all food, whilst in a state of captivity. They\\nare hunted for the sake of their flesh, horns, and skins;\\nthe latter are excellent for gloves, belts, ;c. The hunts-\\nman is extremely cautious in approaching a herd of these\\nanimals, lest they should discover him by the excellent\\ncy of their smell. They are either shot, or taken by\\ndogs and sometimes by the black eagle, which is train-\\ned for that purpose. In running, they seem to incline\\nto one side; and their motion is so rapid, that their\\nfeet seem scarcely to touch the ground.", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0129.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "11^\\nDistort oi- gUADRUPios.\\nTHE J^fTL GHAU.\\nThis animal is a native of the interior parts of India,\\nIt seems to be of a middle nature^ between the Cow and\\nthe Deer, and carries the appearance of both in its form.\\nIn size, it is as much smaller than the one, as it is larger\\nthan the other: Its body, horns, and tail, are not unlike\\nthose of a Bull and the head, ne-ck, and legs, are similar\\nto those of a Deer. The colour, in general, is ash or\\ngray, from a mixture of black hairs and white All along\\nthe ridge or edge of the neck the hair is blacker, longer,\\nand mote erect, making a short, thin, and upright mane,\\nreaching dowm to the hump: Its horns are seven inches\\nlong, six inches round at the root, tapering by degrees^\\nand terminat ing in a blunt point -s The ears are large and", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0130.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.^ 113\\nbeautiful, seven inches in length, and spread to a consi-\\nderable breadth they are white on the edge and on the\\ninside, except where two bhck bands mark the hollow\\nof the ear with, a Zebra-like variety. The height of this\\nanimal, at the shoulder, is four feet one inch 3 behind\\nthe loins, it only measures four feet.\\nThe- female differs considerably from the male, both ih\\nheight and thickness it is much smaller; in shape and\\ncolour it very m,uch resembles a Deer, and has no horns\\nShe has four nipples, and is supposed to go nine months\\nwith young She has commonly one at a birth, and\\nsometimes two.\\nSeveral of this species were brought to this country in\\nthe year 1767, which continued to breed annually for\\nsome years after. Dr. Hunter, who had one of them in\\nhis custody for some time, describes it as a harmless and\\ngentle animal; that it seemed pleased with every kind of\\nfamiliarity; always licked the hand that either stroked\\nor fed it, and never once attempted to use its horns of-\\nfensively. It seemed to have muchdependance on its or-\\ngans of smell, and snuffed keenly whenever any person\\ncame in sight: It did so likewise, when food or drink\\nwas brought to it, and would not taste the bread winch\\nwas offered, if the hand that presented it happened to\\nsmell of turpentine.\\nIts manner of fighting is very particular, and is thus\\ndescribed: Two of the males at Lord Clive s being put\\ninto an inclosure, were observed, while they were at\\nsome distance from each other, to prepare for the attack\\nby falling down upon their knees:, They then shutr;cd\\ntowards each other, still keening upon their knees, and,\\nli", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0131.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "114 HISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS.\\nat the distance of a few yards, they made a spring, and\\ndarted against each other with great force.\\nThe following anecdote will serve to shew, that dur-\\ning the rutting season, these animals are fierce and vi-\\ncious, and not to be depended upon A labouring man^\\nwithout knowing that the animal was near hira, went up\\nto the outside of the inclosure the Nyl-ghau, with the\\nquickness of lightning, darted against the wood-work\\nwith such violence, that he dashed it to pieces, and\\nbroke off one of his horns close to the root. The death\\nof the animal, which happened soon after, was supposed\\nto be owing to the injury he sustained by the blow.\\nBernier says, that it is the favourite amusement of the\\nMogul Emperor to hunt the Nyl-ghau and that he kills\\nthem in great numbers, and distributes quarters of them\\nto his omrahs; which shews that they are esteemed\\ngood delicious food.\\nThe Nyl-ghau is frequently brought from the interior\\nparts of Asia as a rare and valuable present to the na-\\nbobs and other great men at our settlement3 in India.\\nIt remains to be considered, whether this rare animal\\nmight not be propagated with success in this country.\\nThat it will breed here, is evident from experience j and,\\nif it should prove docile enough to be easily trained to la-\\nbour, its great swiftness and considerable strength might\\nbe applied to the most valuable purposes.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0132.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF gtJADRUPEDS.\\n115\\nT^^m^I^^S!^^^^^^\\nTHE MUSK.\\n(Moschus MoschiferuSy Lin. Le Musc^ BufFj\\nThere have been various accounts given of this ani-\\nmal by naturalists and travellers; by whom it seems to\\nhave been taken notice of more for the perfume w^hich\\nit produces, than for the information of the curious en-\\nquirer into its nature and qualities For we are still at\\na loss what rank to assign it among the various tribes\\nof quadrupeds.\\nIt has no horns 3 and whether it ruminates or not, is\\nuncertain But, by its wanting the fore teeth in the up-\\nper jaw, we are led to suppose that it belongs either\\nto the Goat or the Deer kind; and liave therefore given\\nit a place after the Gazelles, relying upon those clia-\\nracteristic marks which are known, and leaving it to\\nthose naturalists, who may be possessed of better means\\nof information, to ascertain its genuine character.\\nII 2", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0133.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "116 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nThe Musk of Thibet resembles the Roe-buck in\\nform. It is somewhat above two feet in height at the\\nshoulder; thehinci legs, which are longer than the fore\\nlegs, are two feet nine inches high at the haunches;\\nthe length is three feet six inches from the head to the\\ntail; the head is above half a foot long: its upper jaw-\\nis much larger than the lower; and on each side of it\\nthere is a slender tusk, near two inches long, w^hich\\nhangs down, bcDding it inwards like a hook, and very\\nsharp on the inner ^dg^ Its lower jaw contains eight\\nsmall cutting teeth and in each jaw there are six\\ngrinders Its ears are long, small, and erect, like\\nthose of a Rabit: The hair on the whole body is long\\nand rough, marked with small waves from top to bot-\\ntom The colour is a rusty-brown under the belly and\\ntail it is white On each side of the lower jaw there\\nis a tuff of thick hair, about an inch long; Its hoofs are\\ndeeply cloven, slender, and black the spurious hoofs\\nare likewise very long: Its tail is not more than two\\ninches in length, and hid in the hair. The use it\\nmakes of its tusks is not well known The most proba-\\nble is that of hooking up roots out of the ground,\\nand catching at small twigs and branches of trees, upon\\nwhich it feeds. The female ba s no tusks, is less than\\nthan the male, and has two small teats.\\nThe Musk is found in the kingdom of Thibet, in se-\\nveral of the Chinese provinces, about the lake Baikal,\\nand near the rivers Jeuisea and Argun, from lat. 60 to\\n45; but seldom so far south, except driven by great falls\\nof snow to seek for food in more temperate climates. It\\nis naturally a timid animal, and endowed with a quick\\nsense voF hearing. Its solitary haunts are usually moun-\\ntains, covered wiih pinesi where it avoids n-iankind, and.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0134.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 11?\\nwhen pursued, flics to the higliest and most inaccessible\\nsummits.\\nThe perfume produced by this animal, vv hich is so\\nwell known in the fashionable circles, and of late so\\nmuch used in the practice of physic, needs little descrip-\\ntion. It is found in a bag or tumour^ nearly of the size\\nof a hen s egg, on the belly of the male only. These\\nbags the hunters cut off, and tie them up for sale many\\nthousands of which are sent over annually to Europe, be-\\nsides what are consumed in different parts of the East.\\nTo account for this great consumption, it is supposed\\nthat the musk is frequently adulterated and mixed with\\nthe blood of the animal. It comes to us from China,\\nTonquin, Bengal, and Muscovy; but that of Thibet is\\nreckoned the best, and sells at a much higher price.\\nThe flesh of the males, especially in the rutting season,\\nis much infected with the flavour of the musk but i\\nnevertheless, eaten by the Russians and Tartars.\\nII 3", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0135.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "Tl8\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0W^\\nAJ\\nfe\\ni-^^^s.\\nTHE CAMELEOPARD.\\n{Cervus Camebpardah s, Lin.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Za Giraffe, Buff.)\\nThis animal, (the existence of which has frequently\\nbeen called in question) is a native of the wild and un-\\nfrequented desarts of Ethiopia, and other interior parts\\nof Africa, v/here it ^eads a solitary life, far from the ha=\\nbitations of men, for whose use it is rendered unfit by\\nthe enormous disproportion of its parts. It has hither-\\nto been regarded chiefly as an object of curiosity, and\\nrnay lead us to admire the wonderful productions of\\nthat creative Power, which has filled the earth with\\nlife in such a boundless variety of form.s.\\nThe height of this extraordinary animal, from the,\\ncrown oif the head tp, the ground, is seventeen feet", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0136.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 119\\nwhile at the rump it only measures nine the neck alone\\nis seven feet long; and the length, from the extremity\\nof the tail to the end of the nose, is twenty-two feet\\nThe fore and hind legs are nearly of an equal height;\\nbut the shoulders rise so high, that its back inclines like\\nthe roof of a house Its nec,k is slender and elegant,\\nadorned on the upper side with a short mane On the\\nhighest part of the head it has two perpendicular horns,\\nsix inches long, covered with hair, and round at the ends,\\nwhere they are encompassed with a circle of short black\\nhairs*: On the middle of the forehead there is a protu\u00c2\u00ab\\nberance, abput two inches high 4ts ears are long, and\\nits eyes large and beautiful.\\nThe colour of the male is light-gray, interspersed withP\\nlarge dark-brown spots over the whole body the spots\\non the female are of a pale-yellow colour.\\nIt is a timid and gentle creature, but not swift; from\\nthe great length of its fore legs, it is obliged to divide\\nthem to a great distance when it grazes, which it does\\nwith great difficulty; it lives chiefly by browsing on the\\nleaves and tender branches of trees it lies on its belly,\\nand has hard protuberances on its breast and thighs, like\\nthe Camel its tail is similar to that of an ox, with\\nstrong black hair at the end; it is cloven-footed, has no\\nteeth in the upper jaw, and is a ruminating animal.\\nThe female has four teats, and is less than tUe male.\\nThis animal was known to the^Romans in early times.\\nMr. Vaillant, who shot several of these animals, says, that these\\nhorns differ from those of the Stag or the OX; in being farmed by\\na continuation of the bone of the skiu l.", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0137.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "120\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTEE ELK,\\n(CerviLs A Ices, Lin. VElaii, Buff.y^\\nIs the largest and most formidable of ail the Deer kind.\\nIt is a native of both the old and the new continent,\\nbeing known in Europe by the name of the Eik^ and in\\nAmerica by that of the Moos\u00e2\u0082\u00ac-d\u00e2\u0082\u00ace7\\\\ It is sometimes ta-\\nken in the forests of Russia and Germany though it is\\nrarely to be seen, on account of its extreme wildness.\\nIt likewise inhabits Norway, Sweden, Poland, and Tar-\\ntary, as far as the North of China. It is common in\\nCanada, and in all the northern parts of America.\\nThe Elk has been variously described by naturalists\\nand travellers By some it is said to be twelve feet\\nhigh whilst others, with greater appearance of proba-\\nbility, describe it as being not much higher than a\\nHorse. It is, however, a matter of doubt to which a\\ngreater degree of credibility should be given.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0138.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF OUADRUPEDS. 121\\nFrom a variety of Elks horns preserved in the cabi-\\nnets of the curious, some of which are of a most enor-\\nmous size, there is every reason to conclude, that the\\nanimal which bore them must have been of a propor-\\ntionable bulk and strength.\\nThose who speak of the gigantic Moose, say, their\\nhorns are six feet long, and measure, from tip to tip,\\nabove ten feet the beams of the horns are short from\\nwhich they spread out into large and broad palms, one\\nside of which is plain, but on the outside are several\\nsharp snags or shoots.\\nThe European Elk grows to the height of seven or\\neight feet and in length, from the end of the muzzle\\nto the insertion of the tail, measures ten feet The head\\nis two feet long the neck, on which is a short upright\\nmane of a light brown colour, is much shorter Its eye\\nis small and, from the lower corner of it, there is a\\ndeep slit common to all the Deer kind as well as most\\nof the Gazelles: The ears are upwards of a foot in\\nlength, very broad, and somewhat slouching; the nostrils\\nare wide; and the upper lip, which is square, and has a\\ndeep furrow in the middle, hangs greatly over the lower,\\nfrom whence it was im.agined by the ancients, that this\\ncreature could not graze without going backward The\\nwithers are very high, the hind legs much shorter than\\nthe fore legs, and the ho ofs deeply cloven: From a small\\nexcrescence under the throat, hangs a long tuft of coarse\\nblack hair The tail is very short, dusky above, and white\\nbeneath The hair is long and rough, like a Bear, and of", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0139.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "IS^ HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\na hoary brown colour, not much differing from that of\\nthe Ass.\\nThe pace of the Elk is a high, shambling trot; but it\\ngoes with great swiftness. Formerly these animals\\nwere made use of in Sweden to draw sledges but as\\nthey were frequently accessary to the escape of such as\\nbad been guilty of murders or other great crimes, this\\nuse of them was prohibited under great penalties.\\nIn passing through thick woods, these animals carry\\ntheir heads horizontally, to prevent their horns being en-\\ntangled in the branches.\\nThe Elks are timid and inoffensive exc^^pt when\\nwounded, or during the rutting season, when the males\\nbecome very furious, and at that time will swim from\\nisle to isle in pursuit of the females. They strike with\\nboth horns and hoofs, and possess such agility and\\nstrength of limbs, that with a single blow of the fore\\nfeet, they will kill a Wolf or a Dog.\\nTheir flesh is extremely sw^eet and nourishing. The\\nIndians say, they can travel farther after eating heartjly\\nof the flesh of the Elk, than any other animal food.\\nTheir tongues are excellent but the nose is esteemed\\nthe greatest delicacy in all Canada. The skin makes ex-\\ncellent buff leather, and is strong, soft, and light: The\\nIndians make their snow-shoes, and likewise form their\\ncanoes with it. The hair on the neck, withers, and\\nhams, of a full-grown Elk, from its great length and\\nelasticity, is well adapted to the purpose of making\\nmattrasses and saddles.\\nThe methods of hunting these animals in Canada are\\ncurious. The first and most simple, is, before the lakes\\nor rivers are frozen, multitudes cf the natives assemble in", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0140.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. IS3\\ntheir canoes, with which they form a vast crescent,\\neach horn touching the shore whilst another party\\non the shore surround an extensive tract They are at-\\ntended by dogs, which they let loose, and press towards\\nthe water with loud crie^. The animals alarmed by\\nthe noise, fly before the hunters, and plunge into the\\nlake, where they are killed by the people in the canoes\\nwith lances and dubs. Another method requires a\\ngreater degree of preparation and art. The hunters\\ninclose a large space with stakes and branches of trees,\\nforming two sides of a triangle the bottom opens into\\na second inclosure, which is fast on all sides At the\\nopening are hung numbers of snares, made of the shps\\nof raw hides. They assemble, as before, in great\\ntroops and with all kinds of hideous noises, drive\\ninto the inclosure not only the Moose, but various\\npther kinds of Deer, with which that country abounds.\\nSome, in forcing their way through the narrow pass,\\nare caught in the snares by the neck or horns whilst\\nthose which escape these, meet their fate from the ar-\\nrows of the hunters, directed at them from all quarters.\\nTliey are likewise frequently killed with the gun.\\nWhen they ^re first discovered, they squat with their\\nhind parts, and make water; at which instant the\\nsportsman fires If he miss, the Moose sets off in a most\\nrapid trot, making, like the Rein-deer, a prodigious\\nrattling with its hoofs, and running twenty or thirty\\nmiles before it stops or takes the water. The usual\\ntime for this diversion is in winter. The animal can\\nrun with ease upon the firm surface of the snow but\\nthe hunters avoid entering on the chase till the heat of\\nthe sun is strong enough to melt the frozen crust\\nwnth which it is covered, and render it so soft as to im-", "height": "4009", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0141.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "124\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\npede the flight of the Moose, sinks up to the shoulders,\\nflounders, and gets on with great difficulty The sports-\\nman pursues in his broad rackets, or snow shoes, and\\nmakes a ready prey of the distressed animal.\\nAs weak against Ihe mountain-heaps they push\\nTheir beating breasts in vain, and piteous bray,\\nHe lays them qiiiv ring on th ensangnin d snows.\\nAnd with loud shouts rejoicing bears them home/\\nThe female is less than the male, and has no horns.\\nThey are in season in the autumn; and bring forth in\\nAprilj sometimes one, but generally two young ones at\\na time, which arrive at their full growth in six years.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0142.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n125\\n^^^J4^.tM^^^j.\\nTHE AMERICAN ELK.\\nWe have given a faithful portrait of this animal,\\nfrom a living one lately brought from the interior parts\\nof America. It seems to be very different from that\\ngenerally described under the name of the Elk or\\nMoose-deer J to which it has very little resemblance.\\nIt seems, indeed, to belong to a distinct species, and\\nis probably the Elk or Original of Canada and the nor-\\nthern parts of America.\\nAt the age of five years, the length of this creature\\nwas nine feet, from the end of the muzzle to the inser-\\ntion of the tail, the head and neck being extended in a,\\nline with the bodv Iti heii ht at the shoulder was four", "height": "3962", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0143.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "i^6 iitSTORY OF 2UADRUPEDS.\\nfeet six inches; length of the head, one foot six inches^\\nbreadth over the forehead, seven inches length of the\\nforelegs, two feet five inches; length of the neck, twa\\nfeet six; its ears, nine inches; and tail, three. Its\\nhorns, which it had just shed, are not palmated, like\\nthose of the Moose: They are large; and when full\\ngrown measure above six feet, from tip to tip. The\\nantlers are round, and pointed at the ends: The\\nlowermost antler forms a curve downward over each\\neye, to which it appears a defence. Its hair was long^\\nof a dark-dun colour on the back and sides; on the\\nhead and legs dark brown: Its eyes full and lively;\\nand below each there is a deep slit, about t\\\\Vo inches\\nin length, the use of which we are unable to discover.\\nIt was very lively and active of great strength of\\nbody and limbs Its hoofs shorty and hke those of a\\ncalf; the division between them is less than in those of\\nthe Rein-deer and, when the animal is in motion, they\\ndo not make a rattling noise. It has no mane; but the\\nhair under its neck is longer than that on any other part\\nof the body.\\nWe were told by the owner of this very rare and\\nbeautiful animal, that it does not attain its full growth\\ntill twenty years old, and that it sheds its horns every\\nthird yean", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0144.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "KrSTORY OF QUADRUPEDS,\\n127\\nTHE REIN-DEER,\\n{Cerviis Tarandusy Lin. Le RemWy Buff.)\\nThis extrajordinary animal is a native of the icy re-\\ngions of the North; where, by a wise and bountiful dis^\\npensation, which diffuses the common goods of Nature\\nOver every part of the habitable globe, it is made subser-\\nvient to the wants of a hardy race of men inhabiting the\\ncountries near the pole, who would find it impossible to\\nsubsist among their snowy mountains without the aid of\\nthis most useful creature.\\nIn more temperate regions, men are indebted to the\\nunbounded liberality of Nature for a great variety of va-\\nluable creatures to serve, to nourish, and to cloath them.\\nTo the poor Laplander, the Rein-deer alone supplies the\\nplace of tlie Horse, the Cow, the Sheep, the Goat, :c.", "height": "3962", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0145.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "128\\nHISTORY OF 2UADRUPED5,\\nand from it he derives the only comforts that tend to\\nsoften the severity of his situation in that most inhospi-\\ntable climate.\\nThe Rein-deer of Lapland are of two kinds ^the wild\\nand the tame The former are larger, stronger, and more\\nhardy than the latter; for which reason, the tame females,\\nin the proper season, are often sent out into the woods,\\nwhere they meet with wild males, and return home\\nimpregnated by them. The breed from this mixture\\nis stronger, and better adapted for drawing the sledge,\\nto which the Laplanders accustom them at an early\\nTHE SLEDGE\\nage. They are yoked to it by a collar, from which a\\ntrace is brought under the belly between the legs, and\\nfastened to the fore part of the sledge. These carriages\\nare extremely light, and covered at the bottom with the\\nskin of the Rein-deer. The person who sits in it guides\\nthe animal with a cord fastened to its horns he drives it\\nwith a goad, and encourages it with his voice. Those of\\nthe wild breed, though by far the strongest, often prove\\nrefractory, and not only refuse to obey their master.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0146.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS, 129\\nturn against him, and strike so furiously v/ith their feet,\\nthat his only resource is to cover himself with his sledge,\\nupon which the enraged creature vents his fury The\\ntame Deer, on the contrary is patient, active, and wil-\\nling. When hard pushed, the Rein-deer will trot the\\ndistance of sixty miiles without stopping; but in such\\nexertions, the poor obedient creature fatigues itself so\\nexceedingly that its master is frequently obliged to kill\\nit immediately, to prevent a lingering death that would\\nensue. In general they can go about thirty miles with-\\nout stopping, and that without any great or dangerous\\neffort. This mode of travelling can be performed only\\nin the w^inter season, when the face of the country is\\ncovered with snow; and, although the conveyance is\\nspeedy, is inconvenient, dangerous, and troublesome.\\nAs the Rein-deer constitutes the sole riches of the\\nLaplander, it may Well be supposed that a constant at-\\ntention to preserve and secure it, forms the chief employ-\\nment of his life. It is no uncommon thing for one per-\\nson to possess above five hundred in a single herd.\\nAs soon as summer appears, which forms but a short\\nInterval from the most piercing cold, the Laplander, w^ho\\nhad fed his Rein-Deer upon the lower grounds during the\\nwinter, drives tliem up to the mountains, leaving the\\nwoody country and the low pastures, which at that sea-\\nson are in a state truly deplorable. Myriads of insects,\\nbred by the heat of the sun in the woods and fens with\\nwhich this country abounds, are all upon the wing; the\\nwhole atmosphere swarms with life; every place and eve-\\nry creature is infested the natives are obliged to cover\\ntheir faces with a mixture of pitch and milk, to shield\\nI", "height": "3962", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0147.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "ISO HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nthem from these minute invaders, which are drawn in\\nwith the breath, and enter the nostrils, and even the\\neyes: But they are chiefly inimical to the Rein-deer;\\nThe horns of that animal being then tender, and covered\\nwith a skin which renders them extremely sensitive, a\\ncloud of these insects settle upon them, and drive the\\npoor animal almost to distraction. In this extremity,\\nthere is no resource but flight. The herdsmen drive\\ntheir flocks from the plains to the summits of the moun-\\ntains, whither the foe cannot follow them There they\\nwill continue the whole day with little or no food, ra-\\nther than venture down into the lower parts, where they\\nhave DO defence against their unceasing persecutors.\\nBesides the gnat, the gadfly is a common pest to the\\nRein-deer. In the autumn this insect deposits its eggs\\nin their skin, where the worms burrow, and often proves\\nfatal to them. The moment a single fly is seen, the\\nwhole herd is in motion They know their enemy, and\\nendeavour to avbid it, by tossing up their heads, and run-\\nning among each other; but all this too often proves in-\\neffectual.\\nEvery morning and evening during the summer, the\\nherdsmen returns to his cottage with the Deer to be\\nmilked, where a large fire of moss is prepared, for the\\npurpose of filling the place with smoke, to drive oflT the\\ngnats, and keep the D^er quiet whilst milking. The\\nquantity of milk given by one female in a day, is about a\\npint. It is thinner than that of a Cov^^, but sweeter and\\nmore nourishing.\\nThe female begins to breed at the age of two years, is\\nin season the latter end of September, goes with young\\neight months, and generally bring forth two at a time.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0148.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 131\\n^The fondness of the Dam for her young is very re-\\nmarkable. They follow hi^er two or three years, but do\\nnot acquire their full strength until four. It is at this\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2age that they are trained to labour and they continue\\nserviceable four or five years. They never live above fif-\\nteen or sixteen years. At eight or nine years old, the\\nLaplanders kill -them for their skins and their flesh. Of\\nthe former they make garments, which are w^arm, and\\ncover them from head to foot They also serve them for\\nbeds they spread them on each side of the fire upon\\nthe leaves of trees, and in this manner lie both soft and\\nw^arm. The latter affords a constant supply of good and\\nwholesome food, which, in the winter, when other kinds\\nof provision fail, is their chief subsistence. The tongue\\nof the Rein-deer is considered as a great delicacy and,\\nwhen dried, great numbers of them are sold into other\\ncountries. The sinews serve for thread, with which the\\nLaplanders make their cloaths, shoes, and other neces-\\nsaries; and, when covered with the hair, serve them for\\nropes.\\nInnumerable are the uses, the comforts, and advan-\\ntages, which the p(x r inhabitants of this dreary climate\\nderive from this animal. We cannot sum them up bet-\\nter than the beautiful language of the poet:\\nTheir Rein-deer form their riches. These tljsir tents,\\nTheir robes, their beds, and all their homely wealih,\\nSupply their wholesome fare, and chearfiil cups:\\nObsequious at their call, the docile tril)e\\nYield to the sled their Decks, and whirl them swii^\\nO er hill and dale, heapd into one e\\\\paih!,e\\nOf marbled snow, as far as eye can sweep,\\nWith a blue crust of ice unbounded glazd\\nI 2", "height": "3962", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0149.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "132 HISTORY OF QO ADRUPEE^S.\\nThe horns of the Rein-deer are large and slenderer\\nbending forward, with brow antlers, which are broad\\nand palmated. A pair in our possession are in length\\ntwo feet eight inches, and from tip to tip two feet five\\nthey weigh nine pounds The projecting brow antkr is\\nfourteen inches long, one foot broad, and serrated at the\\nend: It should seem both from its situation and form^\\nan~ excellent instrument to remove the snow, under which\\nits favourite moss lies. Both sexes have horns:. Those\\nof the female are less, and have fewer branches.\\nWe are happy in being able to give an accurate repre^\\nsentation of this singular creature. The drawing was\\ntaken from one in the possession of Sir H. G. Liddell^,\\nBart, wirich he brought over from Lapland, with four\\nothers, in 1786. The height at the shoulder was three\\nfeet three inches. The hair on the body was of a dark^\\nbrown colour; and on the neck brown, mixed with\\nwhite A large tuft of hair, of a dirty-white colour,\\nhung down from the throat, near its breast; and it had\\na large white spot on the inside of each hind leg, close\\nby the joint: Its head was long and fine; and round\\neach eye was a large black space Its horns were cov=\\nered with a fine down, like velvet. The hoofs of this-\\nanimal are l?rge, broad, and deeply cloven They spread\\nout to a great breadth on the ground and, when the\\nanimal is in m.otion, make a crackling noise, by being\\ndrav/n up forcibly together.\\nNot many attempts have been m^ade to draw the Rein-\\ndeer from its native mountains, and transport it to mild-\\ner climes; and of these few have succeeded. Natural-\\nists from thence have concluded, that it cannot exist but\\namidst ice and snow. M. Buffon regrets the itnpossibi-", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0150.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. ISS\\niity of procuring the animal alive and says, that, when\\ntransported to another climate, it soon dies. M. Rcgnard\\nmentions some that were brought to Dantzick; where,\\nbeing unable to endure the heat of the climate, they all\\nperished. Queen Christina of Sweden procured five and\\ntwenty, which she purposed sending to Oliver Cromw^ell:\\nThey were brought as far as Stockholm but the Lap-\\nlanders who attended them refusing to come to England,\\nfifteen of the number w^ere killed by the wolves, and the\\nremaining ten did not long survive, the climate being\\nconsidered as too w^arm.\\nTo those brought over by Sir H. G. Liddell, five more\\nwere added the year following. They produced young\\nones, and gave promising hopes of thriving in this coun-\\ntry: But, unfortunately, some of them were killed; and,\\nthe others died, in consequence of a disorder similar to\\nthat called the rot in Sheep, which was attributed to the\\nrichness of the grass whereon they fed. Nor can w^e\\nwonder at the failure of this spirited enterprize, when\\nwe consider, that it is the sole employment of the Lap-\\nlander to tend and herd his Rein-deer, to drive them in\\nthe summertime to the summits of the mountains, to the\\nsides of clear lakes and streams, and to lead them where\\nthey can find the most proper food. Want of knowledge\\not attention to minute particulars, is sufiicient to over-\\nturn the best-laid plans.\\nThere is, however, little doubt but this animal will\\nlive without the Lapland lidicn y to which, perhaps, it\\nonly hath recourse, because there is in those latitudes no\\nother sustenance during the winter. It is also, in Eng-\\nland, free from its mortal enemy the gadfly. But a^\\nI 3", "height": "3962", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0151.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "1S4 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nthe desire of possessing this animal has hitherto been ex-\\ncited only by curiosity, it is not likely that much atten-\\ntion will be paid to it in a country like this, abounding\\nwith such a variety of useful quadrupeds.\\nThe Rein-deer is wild in America, where it is called\\nthe Caribou. It is found in Spitzbergen and Greenland,\\nand is very common in the most northern parts of Eu-\\nrope, and in Asia as far as Kamschatka, where some of\\nthe richest of th^^ natives keep herds of ten or twenty\\nthousand in number.\\nIn the neighbourhood of Hudson^s Bay there are great\\nherds of wild Rein-deer r Columns of many thousands\\nannually pass from North to South in the months of\\nMarch and April. In that season the muskatoes are very\\ntroublesame, and oblige them to quit the woods, and\\nseek refreshment on the shore and open country. Great\\nnumbers of beasts of prey follow the herds. The wolves\\nsingle out the stragglers, detach them from the flock^\\nand hunt them down: The foxes attend at a distance,\\nto pick up the offals left by the former. In autumn.,\\nthe Deer, with the fawns bred during the summer, re^\\nmigrate northward.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0152.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n135\\nTHE STAG, OR RED-DEER,\\n(Cerviis ElepJtaSy Lin. Le Cerf, BufF.)\\nThis is the most beautiful animal of the Deer kind.\\nThe elegance of his form, the lightness ot his motions,\\nthe flexibility of his limbs, his bold branching horns,\\nwhich are annually renewed, his grandeur, strength, and\\nswiitness, give him a decided pre-eminence over every\\nother inhabitant of the forest.\\nThe age of the Stag is known bv its horns. The first\\nI4", "height": "3962", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0153.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "136 HISTORY OF QAUDRUPEDS.\\nyear exhibits only a short protuberance, which is covered\\nwith a hairy skin the next year, the horns are straight\\nand single the third year produces two antlers, the\\nfourth three, the fifth four 3 and, when arrived at the\\nsixth year, the antlers amount to six or seven on each\\nside; but the number is not always certain.\\nThe Stag begins to shed his horns the latter end of\\nFebruary, or the beginning of March. Soon after the\\nold horn has fallen off, a soft tumour begins to appear,\\nwhich is soon covered with a down like velvet: This tu-\\nmour every day buds forth, hke the graft of a tree and\\nrising by degrees, shoots out the antlers on each side\\nThe skin continues to cover it for some time, and is fur-\\nnished with blood-vessels, which supply the growing\\nhorns with nourishment, and occasion the furrows ob-\\nservable in them when that covering is stript off: The\\nimpression is deeper at the bottom, where the vessels are\\nlarger, and diminishes towards the point, where they are\\nsmooth. When the horns are at their full growth, they\\nacquire strength and solidity 3 and the velvet covering or\\nskin, with its flood-vessels, dries up, and begins to fall\\noff; which the animal endeavours to hasten, by rubbing\\nthem against the trees; and, in this manner, the whole\\nhead gradually acquires its complete hardness, expansion\\nand beauty.\\nSoon after the Stags have polished their horns, which\\nis not compleated till July or August, they quit the\\nthickets, and return to the forests They cry with a\\nJoud and tremulous note, and fly from place to place,\\nin search of the females, with extreme ardour: Their\\nnecks swell; they strike with their horns against trees\\nand other obstacles, and become extremely furious.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 At", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0154.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF (QUADRUPEDS. I37\\nthis season, when two Stags meet, their contests are often\\ndesperate, and terminate in the defeat or flight of one of\\nthem; whffe the other remains in possession of his mis-\\ntress and the field, till another rival approaches, that he\\nis also obliged to attack and repel. During this time^\\nwhich usually lasts about three weeks, the Stag is fre-\\nquently seen by the sides of rivers and pools of water,\\nwhere he can quench his thirst, as well as cool his ar-\\ndour. He swims with great ease and strength and, it\\nis said, will even venture out to sea, allured by the\\nHinds, and swim from one island to another, though at a\\nconsiderable distance.\\nThe hinds go with young eight months and a few\\ndays, and seldom produce more than one young, called\\n2iFaiv)2. They bring forth in May, or the beginning of\\nJune, and conceal their young with great care in the most\\nobscure retreats. They will even expose themselves ta\\nthe fury of the hounds, and suffer all the terrors of the\\nchase, in order to draw off the dogs from their hiding-\\nplace. The hind is also very bold in the protection of\\nher offspring, and defends it with great courage against\\nher numerous and rapacious enemies The Wild Cat, the\\nDog, and even the Wolf, are frequently obliged to give\\nway to her upon these occasions. But what appears to\\nbe strangely unnatural, the Stag himself is frequently one\\nof her most dangerous foes, and would destroy the fawn,\\nif not prevented by the maternal care of the Hind, which\\ncarefully conceals the place of its retreat.\\nThe calf never quits the dam during the u hole sum-\\nmer; and in winter, the Stags and Hinds of all ages\\nkeep together in herds, which are more or less numerous\\naccording to the mildness or rigour of the season, .rhcy", "height": "3962", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0155.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "138 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nseparate in the spring: The Hinds retire, to bring forth\\nwhile none but the young ones remain together.\\nStags are gregarious, and fond of grazing in company\\nIt is danger or necessity alone that separates them.\\nThe usual colour of the Stag, in England, is red in\\nother countries, it is generally brown or yellow. His\\neye is peculiarly beautiful, soft, and sparkling: His hear-\\ning is quick; and his sense of smelling acute. When\\nJistening, he raises his head, erects his ears, and seems\\nattentive to every noise which he can hear at a great\\ndistance. When he approaches a thicket, he stops to\\nlook round him on all sides, and attentively surveys every\\nobject near him If the cunning animal perceive nothing\\nto alarm him, he moves slowly forward; but, on the\\nleast appearance of danger, he flies off with the rapidity\\nof the wind. He appears to listen with great tranquility\\nand delight to the sound of the shepherd s pipe, which is\\nsometimes made use of to allure the poor animal to its\\ndestruction.\\nThe Stag eats slowly, and is nice in the choice of his\\npasture. When his stomach is full, he lies down to\\nchew the cud at leisure. This, however, seems to be\\nattended with fjreater exertions than in the Ox or the\\nSheep; for the grass is not returned from the first sto-\\nmach without violent straining, owing to the great length\\nof his neck, and the narrowness of the passage. This ef-\\nfort is made by a kind of hiccup, which continues during\\nthe time of his ruminating.\\nThe voice of the Stag is stronger and more quivering\\nas he advances in age In the rutting season, it is even\\nterrible. That of the Hind is not so loud; and is sel-", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0156.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 1S9\\ndom heard, but when excited by apprehension for herself\\nor her young.\\nThe Stag has been said to be an uncommionly long\\nlived animal; but later observations have fully confuted\\nthis unfounded opinion. It is a generally received max-\\nim, that animals live seven times the number of years\\nthat bring them to perfection Thus the Stag, being five\\nor six years in arriving at muturity, lives seven times that\\nnumber, or from thirty-five to forty years.\\nThe following fact, recorded in history, will serve to\\nshew that the Stag is possessed of an extraordinary share\\nof courage, when his personal safefy is concerned:\\nSome years ago, William, Duke of Cumberland, caused a\\nTyger and a Stag to be inclosed in the same area and\\nthe Stag made so bold a defence, that the Tyger was at\\nlength obliged to give up.\\nThe hunting of the Stag has been held, in all ages,\\na diversion of the noblest kimdj and former times bear\\nwitness of the great exploits performed on these occa-\\nsions. In our island, large tracts of land were set apart\\nfor this purpose villages and sacred edifices were wan-\\ntonly thrown down, and converted into one wide waste,\\nthat the tyrant of the day might have room to pursue his\\nfavourite diversion. In the time of William Rufus and\\nHenry the First, it was less criminal to destroy one of the\\nhuman species than a beast of chase. Happily for us^\\nthese wide-extended scenes of desolation and oppression\\nhave been gradually contracted useful arts, agriculture,\\nand commerce, have extensively spread themselves over\\nthe naked land; and these superior beasts of the chase\\nhave given way to other animals more useful to theconv-\\nm unity.", "height": "3962", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0157.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "140 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nIn the present etiltivated state of this country, there-\\nfore, the Stag is almost unknown in its wild state. The\\nfew that remain are kept in parks among the Fallow^\\ndeer, and are distinguished by the name o^ Red Deer. Its\\nviciousness during the rutting season, and the badness of\\nits flesh, which is poor and ill-flavoured, have occasioned\\nalmost the extinction of the species. Some ^^w are yet\\nto be found in the forests that border on Cornwall and\\nDevonshire, on most of the large mountains of Ireland,\\nand in the Highlands of Scotland, where Dr. Johnson\\ndescribes them as not exceeding the Fallow-deer in size\\nand their flesii of equal flavour.\\nThe Red Deer of this kingdonx are nearly of the same\\nsize and colour, without much variety In other parts ot\\nthe world, they differ in form and size, as well as in\\ntheir horns and colour of their bodies.\\nTHE CORSICA^ STAG,\\nIs very small, not exceeding half the height of ours; his\\nbody is short and thick, his hair of a dark-brown colour,\\nand his legs short.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0158.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF 2^-^^^^^\\n14[1\\nTHE AXIS, OR GAMGES STAG.\\n(LAxis, Buff.;\\nThis animal is an inhabitant of those immense plains\\nof India watered by the river Ganges.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 M. BufFon con-\\nciders it as a variety or shade between the Stag and the\\nFallow-deer. It is the size of the latter; but its horns\\nare round, like those of the Stag; and it has no brow\\nantlers. Its whole body is marked with white spots, ele-\\ngantly disposed, and distinct from each other; the belly,\\ninside of the thighs, and legs, are wlnte along the back\\nthere are two rows of spots, parallel to each other; those\\non the other parts of the body are irregular; the head\\nand neck are gray; and the tail, which is red above and\\nwhite beneath, is as long a\u00c2\u00ab? that of the Fallows-dec", "height": "3962", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0159.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "14^\\nHISTORY OF QUADURPEDS-\\nThe continent of America abounds with StagSy and\\nother animals of the Deer kind, in great variety. la\\nsome parts of that vast country, the inhabitants have\\ndomesticated them, and live chiefly upon the milk and\\ncheese with which they supply them.\\nThus we find, that the same animal, which, in some\\nparts, contributes only to the amusement of man, may, in\\nothers, be brought to supply his necessities. The stores\\nof Nature are various and abundant It is necessity alone\\nthat draws them out to supply our wants, and contribute\\nto our comforts.\\nS (mM", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0160.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n143\\nTHE FALLOW-BEER\\n(Ccrims Dama, Lin. Le Dain^ BufFJ\\nThe principal difference between the Stag and the\\nFallow-deer, seems to be in their size and in the form of\\ntheir horns; the latter is much smaller than the former,\\nand its horns, instead of being round, like those of the\\nStag, are broad, palmatedat the ends, and better garnish-\\ned with antlers: The tail is also much longer than that\\nof the Stag, and its hair is brighter; in other respects\\nthey nearly resemble each other.\\nThe horns of the Fallow-deer are shed annually, like\\nthose of the Stag; but they fall off later, and are renew-\\ned nearly at the same time. Their ruttin season arrives\\nfifteen days or three weeks after that of the Stag. The", "height": "3962", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0161.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "144 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nmales then bellow frequently, but with a low and inter-\\nrupted voice. They are not so furious at this season as\\nthe Stag, nor exhaust themselves by any uncommon ar-\\ndour. They never leave their pasture in quest of the fe-\\nmales, but generally fight with each other, till one buck\\nbecomes master of the field.\\nThey associate in herds, which sometimes divide into\\ntwo parties^ and maintain obstinate battles for the posses-\\nsion of some favourite part of the park Each party has\\nits leader, which is always the oldest and strongest of the\\nflock. They attack in regular order of battle they fight\\nwith courage, and mutually support each other they re-\\ntire, they rall}^, and seldom give up after one defeat:\\nThe combat is frequently renewed for several days to-\\ngether; till, after many defeats, the weaker party is\\nobliged to give way, and leave the conquerors in posses-\\nsion of the object of their contention.\\nThe Fallow-deer is easily tamed, feeds upon a variety\\nof things which the stag refuses, and preserves its condi-\\ntion nearly the same through the whole year, although\\nits flesh is esteemed much finer at particular seasons.\\nlliey are capable of procreation in their second year;\\nand, like the Stag, are fond of variety. The female goes\\nwith young eight months; and produces one, sometimes\\ntwo, and rarely three, at a time. They arrive at perfec-\\ntion at the age of three years, and live till about twenty.\\nWe have in England two varieties of the Fallow-deer\\nwhich are said to be of foreign origin: The beautiful\\nspotted kind, supposed to have been brought from Ben-\\ngal and the deep-brown sort, now common in this\\ncountrv. These last were introduced by King James the\\nFirst, out of Norway where having observed their har-", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0162.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 345\\ndiness in bearing the cold of that severe climate, he\\nbrought some of them into Scotland, and from thence\\ntransported them into his chases of Enfield and Epping.\\nSince that time they have multiplied exceedingly in ma-\\nny parts of this kingdom, which is now become famous\\nfor venison of superior fatness and flavour to that of any\\nother country in the world.\\nThe Fallow-deer, with some variation, is found m\\nalmost every country of Europe. Those of Spain are as\\nlarge as Stags, but darker; their necks are also more\\nslender; and their tails, which are longer than those of\\nours, are black above, and white beneath.\\nIn Guiana (a country of South America) according to\\nLabat, there are Beer without horns, smaller than those\\nof Europe, but resembling them in every other particular.\\nThey are very lively, h ght, and excessively timid; of a\\nreddish colour with sharp, piercing eyes, and short tails.\\nWhen pursued, they fly into places of difficult access.\\nThe natives frequently stand and watch for them in nar-\\nrow paths; and, as soon as the game appears within\\nreach shoot them unperceived. Their flesh is considered\\nas a great delicacy.", "height": "3962", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0163.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "14c\\nHISTORY OF C^UADVRFEDS.\\nTHE ROE- BUCK.\\n-fCervus Capreoliis^ Lin. Le Cltcvreuit, Buff.)\\nThe Roe was formerly eommon In many parts of Eng--\\nland and Wales but at present it is only to be found in\\nthe Highlands of Scotland, It is the smallest of all the\\nDeer kind, being only three feet four inches long, and\\nsomewhat more than two feet in height: The horns are\\nfrom eight to nine inches hnig, upright, round, and divi-\\nded into three braches the body is covered with long\\nhair; the lower part of each hair is ash-colour; near the\\nend is a narrow bar of black, and the point is yellow\\nthe hairs on the face are black, tipped with ash-colour;\\nthe ears are long, their insides of a pale-yellow, and co-\\nvered with long hair; the chest, beliy, legs, and the in-", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0164.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 147\\nside of the thighs are of a yellowish-white s the rump is\\nof a pure white, and the tail very short.\\nThe form of the Roe-buck is elegant, and its motions\\nlight and easy. It bounds seemingly without efiort, and\\nruns with great swiftness. When hunted, it endeavours\\nto elude its pursuers by the most subtle artifices: It re-\\npeatedly returns upon its former steps, till, by various\\nVv indings, it has entirely confounded the scent. The\\ncunning animal then, by a sudden spring, bounds to one\\nside; and, lying close down upon its belly, permits the\\nhounds to pass by, without offering to stir.\\nThey do not keep together in herds, like other Deer,\\nbut live in separate families. The sire, the dam, and the\\nyoung ones, associate together, and seldom mix with\\nothers.\\nTheir rutting season continues but fifteen days, from\\nthe latter end of October till about the middle of No-\\nvember, During this period, they will not suffer the\\nfawns to remain v^ ith them: The buck obliges them to\\nretire, in order that the dam and her succeeding progeny\\nmay remain undisturbed.\\nThe female goes wiih young five months and a half\\nand brings forth about the end of April, or beginning of\\nMay. On these occasions, she separates from the male,\\nand conceals herself in the thickest and most retired part\\nof the woods. She generally produces two fawns at a\\ntime, sonietimes three. In ten or twelve days these are\\nable to follow their dam. When threatened with dan-\\nger, she hides them in a thicket; and, to preserve them,\\noilers herself to be chased: But, notwithstanding her\\ncare, she is trequcntlv robbed of her voung. Numbers\\nK 2", "height": "3962", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0165.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "148 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nof fawns are found out and taken alive by the peasants;\\nand many more are worried by dogs, foxes and other\\ncarnivorous animals. By these continual depredations,\\nthis beautiful creature is daily becoming more scarce;\\nand, in many countries, where it once was common, the\\nrace is now wholly extinct.\\nWhen about eight or nine months old, their horns be-\\ngin to appear in the form of two knobs: The first year\\nthey are without antlers. They shed their horns the lat-\\nter end of autumn, and renew them in the winter; in\\nwhich they differ from the Stag, whose horns fall off in\\nthe spring, and are renewed in summer.\\nThehfe of the Roe-buck seldom exceeds twelve or fif-\\nteen years.\\nThey are very delicate in the choice of their food,\\nand require a large tract of country, suited to the wild-\\nness of their nature, which can never be thoroughly sub-\\ndued. No arts can teach them to be familiar with their\\nkeeper, nor in any degree attached to him. They are\\neasily terrified; and, in their attempts to escape, v.-ill run\\nwith such force against the v alls of their inclosure, as\\nsometimes to disable themselves: They are also subject\\nto capricious fits of fierceness; and, on these occasions,\\nwill strike furiously with their horns and feet at the ob-\\nject of their dislike.\\nSome years ago, one of these animals, after being\\nhunted out of Scotland, through Cumberland, and various\\nparts of the North of England, at last took refuge in the\\nwoody recesses bordering upon the banks of the Tyne,\\nbetween Prudhoe Castle and Wylam. It was repeatedly\\nseen and hunted, but no dogs were equal to its speed\\nIt frequently crossed the river; and, either by swiftness", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0166.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 149\\nor artifice, eluded all its pursuers. It happened, during\\nthe rigour of a severe winter, that, being pursued, it\\ncrossed the river upon the ice with some difficulty and,\\nbeing much strained by its violent exertions, was taken\\nalive. It was kept for some weeks in the house, and\\nwas then again turned out; but all its cunning and acti-\\nvity were gone; it seemed to have forgotten the places of\\nits former retreat; and, after running some time, it laid\\ndown in the midst of a brook, where it wa:s killed by the\\ndogs.\\nThe flesh of the Roe-buck is fine and w^ll-tasted\\nThat of the male, after the age of two years, is hard;\\nthe flesh of the females, though farther advanced in\\nyears, is more tender; When very young, it is loose\\nand soft: but at the age ot eighteen months, is in its\\nhighest state of perfection.\\nIn America, the Roe-buck is much more common\\nthan in Europe. In Louisiana, it is very large. The in-\\nhabitants live chiefly upon its flesh, which is good and\\nwell-flavoured.\\nK S", "height": "3962", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0167.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "150\\nHISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS\\nTHE CAMEL,\\n(Camchs Bactrianus, lAn.\u00e2\u0080\u0094Le Chameau, Buff.)\\nPossesses the various qualities of the Horse, the Cow,\\nand the Sheep; and is to the Arabian, in a great mea-\\nsure, what those useful creatures are to us. Its milk is\\nrich and nourishing and, being mixed with water, makes\\na wholesome and refreshing beverage, much used, by the\\nArabs in their journies; The flesh of young Camels is\\nalso an excellent and wholesome food. Their hair or\\nfleece, which falls off entirely in the spring, is superior to\\nthat of any other domestic animal, and is made into very\\nfine stuffs, for cloaths, coverings, tents, and other furni-\\nture.\\nPossessed of his Camel, the Arabian has nothing either\\nto want or to fear: In one day, he can perform a jour-\\nney of fifty leagues into the desert, where he is safe from", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0168.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 1^1\\n^every enemy; for, without the aid of this useful animal,\\nno person could pursue him amidst sandy desarts, where\\nnothing presents itself to the eye but one uniform void,\\nnaked and solitary.\\nThe Arabian regards -the camel as the most precious\\ngift of Heaven by the assistance of which he is enabled\\nto subsist in those frightful intervals of Nature, which\\n\u00c2\u00aberve him for an asylm-n, and secure his -independence.\\nBut it is not to the plundering Arab alone that the\\nservices of this useful quadruped are confined: In Tur-\\nkey, Persia, Barbary, and Egypt, every article of mer-\\nchandise is carried by Camels. Merchants and travellers\\nunite together, and form themselves into numerous bo-\\ndies, called caravans, to prevent the insults of the Arabs.\\nOne of these caravans frequently consists of many thou-\\nsands: the Camels are always more numerous than the\\nmen. Each Camel is loaded in proportion to his strength.\\nAt the command of their conductor, they lie down on\\ntheir belly, with their legs folded under them, and in this\\nposture receive their burdens. As soon as they are load-\\ned, they rise of their own accord, and will not suffer any\\ngreater weight to be imposed upon them than they can\\nbear with ease; when overloaded, they set up the most\\npiteous cries, till part of the burden be taken off. The\\ncommon load of a camel is from three to four hundred\\nweight; and the medium of the expence of the convey-\\nance for each hundred appears to be about one fai ihing\\nper mile. The usual rate of travelling is three miles in\\nthe hour; and the number of hours that are actually em-\\nployed on the route, exclusive of those allotted to refresh-\\nment, is seldom mtDre than seven or eiglft in a day. Of\\nK 4", "height": "3962", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0169.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "15^ HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nthe number of days which are consumed in a long jour-\\nney, many are devoted to the purposes of occasional trade,\\nrecruiting the strength of the Camels, and procuring ad-\\nditional stores of provisions and water. A particular\\nmode of easy conveyance is provided for women and\\nchildren, and for persons oppressed with infirmity or ill-\\nness: Six or eight Camels are yoked together in a row;\\nand a number of tent poles are placed in parallel lines\\nupon their backs: These are covered with carpets; and\\nbags of corn are superadded to bring the floor to a level,\\nas well as to soften the harshness of the Camel s move-\\nments: Other carpets are then spread, and the travellers\\nsit or lie down with the most perfect ease. The general\\nfood of the camels is such only as their nightly pasture\\naffords; and is frequently confined to the hard and\\nthorny shrubs of the desart, where a sullen kind of vege-\\ntation is created by the rains of the winter, and sustained\\nby the dew that descends in copious abundance through\\nail the remainder of the year.\\nBut the peculiar and distinguished characteristic of\\nthe Camel is, its faculty of abstaining from water for a\\ngreater length of time than any other animal for which\\nNature has made a wonderful provision, in giving it, be-\\nsides the four stomachs which it has in common with\\nother ruminating animals, a fifth bag, serving as a reser-\\nvoir for water, where it remains without corrupting or\\nmixing wifh the other aliments. When the Camel is\\npressed with thirst, and has occasion for water to mace-\\nrate its food while ruminating, it makes part of it pass\\ninto its stomach, by a simple contraction of certain mus-\\ncles. By this singular structure, it can take a prodigious\\nquantity of water at one draught, and is enabled to pass", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0170.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. I5g\\nseveral days without drinklrig; Leo Afrlcanus says fif-\\nteen. Camels can discover water by their smell at half\\na league s distance; and, after a long abstinence, will\\nhasten towards it, long before their drivers perceive\\nwhere it lies;\\nThe feet of the Camel are peculiarly adapted to the\\nsoil on which it treads. On moist or slippery ground\\nhe cannot well support himself and his broad and ten-\\nder feet are liable to be injured by the resistance of\\nstones: But he is observed to tread with perfect ease and\\nsecurity on the dry and yielding sand; and whilst, from\\nits peculiar structure, his hoof is incapable of fastening\\nwith any degree of security on the ground of a steep\\nascent or shelving declivity, his movements on a smooth\\nand level surface are singularly firm and safe.\\nMany attempts have been made to introduce this ser-\\nviceable animal into other countries; but, as yet, none\\nhave succeeded. The race seems to be con ned tp cer-\\ntain districts, where its utility has been known for ages.\\nThough a native of warm; climates, the Camel dreads\\nthose which are excessively hot: It can neither subsist in\\nthe burning heat of the torrid zone, nor in the milder air\\nof the temperate. It seems to be an original native of\\nArabia; for, in that country, It is not only more nume-\\nrous, but thrives better than in any other part of the\\nworld.\\nThere are two varieties of this animal, which have\\nbeen distinguished previous to all historical record: That\\nwhich Is called the Bactrian Cmnd has two hunches on\\nIts back, and is found chiefly in Turkey and the coun-\\ntries of the Levant; whilst the Arabian Camel has only\\none huncii.", "height": "3962", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0171.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "^5^\\nHISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS.\\n^i^.\\nTHE ARABIAJY CAMEL, OR DROME-\\nDART,\\n(Camelus Dromedarius^ Lin.-\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Le Dromedaire, Bufi.)\\nIs common in Arabia and all the northern parts of Afri-\\nca, from the Mediterranean Sea to the river Niger; and\\nis infinitely more numerous, and more generally diffused,\\nthan the Camel It is also much swifter, and is therefore\\nchiefly employed on business which requires dispatch.\\nIn Arabia, they are trained for running matches and\\nin m^any places, for carrying couriers, who can go above\\na hundred miles a day on them, and that for nine or teff\\ndays together, over buring and uninhabitable desarts.\\nThey require neither whip nor spur to quicken their\\npace, but go freely, if gently treated j and are much en-\\nlivened by singing or the sound of the pipe, w^hich gives\\nthem spirits to pursue their journey.\\nThey are mild and g^.ntle at all times, except when\\nthey are in heat: At that period they are seized with a", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0172.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS, 155\\nsort of madness; they eat little, and will sometimes ^U\\ntempt to bite their masters so that it is not safe to ap-\\nproach him.\\nThe camel arrives at its full strength at the age of six\\nyears, and lives forty or fifty.\\nThe fern, ales are not usually put to labour, but are al-\\n]ow.ed to pasture and breed at full liberty. Their time\\nof gestation is nearly twelve months; and they generally\\nbring forth one at a birth.\\nTHE LAMA,\\n(Camelus Glama, lAii.\u00e2\u0080\u0094Le Lama, Buffi)\\nIs the Camel of Peru and Chili; and, before the con-\\nquest of those countries by the Spaniards, was the only\\nbeast of burden known to the Indians. Its disposition is\\nmild, gentle, and tractable.\\nBefore the introduction of Mules, these animals were\\nused by the natives to plough the land, and now serve to\\ncarry burdens. They march slowly, and seldom accom-\\nplish journies of more than four or five leagues a day\\nbut what they want in speed is made up by perseverance\\nand industry. They travel long journies in countries im-\\npassable to most other anim als; are very sure-footed;\\nand are much employed in transporting the rich ores,\\ndug out of the mines of Potosi, over the rugged hills and\\nnarrow paths of the Andes Bolivar remarks, that, in\\nhis time, three hundred thousand of them were constant-\\nly employed in this work. They lie down to be loaded.", "height": "3962", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0173.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "ISO HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nand, when weary, no blows can excite them to quicken\\ntheir pace. They neither defend themselves with their\\nfeet nor their teeth. When angry, they have no other\\nmethod of revenging injuries, but by spitting. They can\\nthrow out their saliva to tlie distance of ten paces and\\nif it fall on the skin it raises an itching, accompanied\\nwith slight inflammation. Their flesh is eaten, and said\\nto be as good as mutton.\\nLike the Camel, they have the faculty of abstaining\\nlong from water (sometimes four or five days) and, like\\nthat animal, their food is coarse and trifling. They are\\nneither allowed corn nor hay green herbage, of v^hicli\\nthey eat very moderately, is sufficient for their nourish-\\nment.\\nThe wild Lamas, called Guanacos^ are stronger and\\nmore active than the domestic kind. They live in herds\\nand inhabit the highest regions of the Cordelieres. They\\nrun with great swiftness in places of difficult access,\\nwhere dogs cannot easily follow them. The most usual\\nway of killing them is with the gun. They are hunted\\nfor the sake of their flesh and their hair: Of the latter\\nthe Indians make cloth.\\nThe Lama resembles the Camel in the^orm of its bo-\\ndy, but is without the dorsal hunch Its head is small\\nand well shaped its neck long, and very protuberant\\nnear its junction with the body: in its domestic state\\nits hair is short and smooth; when wild, it is coarse and\\nlong, of a yellowish colour: A black line runs along the\\ntop of the back, from the head to the tail. The tame\\nones vary in colour: Some of them are white, others\\nblack, others of a mixed colour^white, gray, and russet,\\ndispersed in spots. Its tail is short Its ears are four", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0174.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF ^^^ADRUPEDS, I57\\ninches long: Its feet are cloven, like those of the Ox,\\nand are armed behind with a spur, by which the ani-\\nmal is enabled to support itself on rugged and difficult\\nground. The height of the Lama is about four feet^\\nand its length, from the neck to the tail, six feet.\\nTHE PACOS,\\n(Caviclus PacoSy Lin. Le Paco, Buff.)\\nVery much resembles the Lama in figure, but is much\\nsm-aller. Its body is covered with very fine long wool,\\nof the colour of dried roses, or a dull purple the belly\\nis white They live in vast herds, and inhabit the most\\nelevated parts of the highest mountains, where they en-\\ndure the utmost rigour of frost and snow. They are ex-\\nceedingly swift; and so timid, that it is very difficult to\\ncome near them.\\nThe manner of taking them is singular. The Indians\\ntie cords, with small pieces of wool or cloth hanging\\nfrom them, across the narrow passes of the mountains,\\nabout three or four feet from the ground: They then\\ndrive a herd of these animals towards them, and they\\nare so terrified by the flutter of the rags, that they dare\\nnot pass, but huddle together, and suffer themselves to\\nbe killed in great numbers.\\nTheir wool is a valuable article of commerce, and is\\nmade into gloves, stockings, bed-cloaths, carpets, :c.\\nThe Pacos is domesticated; and, like the Lama, Is\\nemployed in carrying burdens, but caunot bear iriore", "height": "3962", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0175.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "158\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nthan from fifty to seventy-five pounds; and is still more\\nsubject to capricious fits of obstinacy. When once they\\nlie down with their load, no blows can provoke them to\\nrise.\\nThe great advantages derived from the wool of these\\ncreatures, induced the Spaniards to attempt their intro-\\nduction into Europe. Some of them were brought over\\nto Spain; but, by not sufficiently attending to the neces-\\nsity of placing them in situations similar to those which\\nthey had always been accustomed to, the experiment\\nproved unsuccessful.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0176.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS, 359\\nTHE HOG KIIfD.\\nAnimals of the Hog kind seem to possess a middle\\nnature, between those that live upon grass and such as\\nare carnivorous, and unite in themselves most of those\\ndistinctions which are peculiar to each class. Like the\\none, they will feed on animal substances, and do not ru-\\nminate; like the other, they are cloven-hoofed, live\\nchiefly on vegetables, and seldom seek after animal food,\\nexcept when urged by necessity.\\nThe most numerous breed of Hogs in this island Is\\nthat generally known by the name of the Berkshire Figs\\nnow spread through almost every part of England, and\\nsome parts of Scotland. They are in general of a red-\\ndish-brown colour, with black spots upon them; have\\nlarge ears hanging over their eyes; are short-legged,\\nsmall-boned, and are readily made fat. Some of these\\nhave been fed to almost an incredible size. Mr. Culley\\nin his Treatise on Live Stock, gives an account of one\\nthat was killed at Congieton, in Cheshire, which mea-\\nsured, from the nose to the end of tlie tail, three yards\\neight inches; in height, it was four feet and a half; and\\nweighed, after it was killed, eighty-six stones eleven\\npounds, avolrdupolse.\\nThe Hog species, though very numerous, and diffused\\nover Europe, Asia, and Africa, did not exist in Ame-\\nrica, till transported thither by the Spaniards. In ma-\\nny places they have multiplied exceedingly, and become\\nwild. They resemble the domestic Hog; but their bo-\\ndies arc shorter, and their snout and skin thicker.", "height": "3962", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0177.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "i6o\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n.y^V\\n.THE WILD-BOAR,\\nfSus Aper^ Lin. Le Sa ng Her Buff.)\\nWhich is the original of all the varieties to be found in\\nthis creature, is much smaller than those of the domestic\\nkind, and does not, like them, vary in colour, but is uni-\\nformly of a brinded or dark-gray, inclining to black.\\nHis snout is longer than that of the tame Hog and his\\nears are short, round, and black. He is armed with for-\\nmidable tusks in each jaw, which serve him for the dou-\\nble purpose of annoying his enemy, or procuring his food\\nwhich is chiefly roots and vegetables Some of these tusks\\nare almost a foot long: Those in the upper jaw bend up-\\nwards in a circular form, and are exceedingly sharp at\\nthe points those of the under jaw are always most to be\\ndreaded, for with them the animal defends himself, and\\nfrequently gives mortal wounds.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0178.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. l6l\\nWild Boars are not gregarious; but, while young, live\\ntogether in families, and frequently unite their forces\\nagainst the wolves, or other beasts of prey. When likely\\nto be attacked, they call to each other with a very loud\\nand fierce note: The strongest face the danger, and form\\nthemselves into a ring, the weakest falling into the cen-\\nter. In this position, few beasts dare venture to engage\\nthem, but leave them to pursue a less dangerous chase.\\nWhen the Wild-boar is arrived at a state of maturity,\\nhe walks the forest alone and fearless. At that time he\\ndreads no single foe nor will he turn out of his way\\neven for man himself. He offends no animal; at the\\nsame time he is furnished with arms, which render him\\na terror to the fiercest.\\nThe hunting of the Wild boar is a dangerous but\\ncom^mon amusement of the great in those countries\\nwhere it is to be found. The Dogs chiefly used for this\\nvsport are of a slow and heavy kind. When the boar is\\nroused, he goes slowly forward, not much afraid, nor\\nvery far before his pursuers. He frequently turns round,\\nstops till the hounds come up, and offers to attack them.\\nAfter keeping each other at bay for a while, the Boar\\nagain goes slowly forward, and the Dogs renew the pur-\\nsuit. In this manner the chase is continued till the Boar\\nbecomes quite tired, and refuses to go any farther: The\\nDogs then attempt to close in upon him from behind\\nand in this attack the young one, being generally the\\nmost forward, frequently lose their lives The old sea-\\nsoned Dogs keep the animal at bay until the hunters\\ncome up, who kill him with their spears.\\nL", "height": "3962", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0179.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "162\\nHISTORY OF QVADKUPEDS.\\nTHE COMMOM BOAR,\\n(Siis Scrofa^ Lin. Le Cadion, Buff.)\\nIs, of all other domestic quadrupeds, the most filthy and\\nimpure. Its form is clumsy and disgusting, and its ap--\\npetite gkittonaus and excessive. In no instance has na-\\nture more conspicuously shewn her ceconomy thaq in this\\niace of animals, whose stomachs are fitted to receive nu-\\ntrim.ent from a variety of things that would be otherwise\\nwasted The refuse of the field, the garden, the barn, or\\nthe kitchen, affords them a luxuriant repast.\\nUseless during life, and only valuable when deprived\\nof it, this animal has been sometimes compared to a mi-\\nser, whose hoarded treasures are of little value till death\\nhas deprived them of their rapacious owner.\\nThe parts of this animal are finely adapted to its mode\\nof living. Nature has given it a form more prone than\\nthat of other animals. Its neck is strong and brawny;\\nits snout is long and callous, well calculated for the pur-\\npose of turning up the earth for roots of various kinds.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0180.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "HIST0RY OF QUADRUPEDS. I63\\nof which it is extremely fond and it has a quick sense\\nof sn^lling, by^ which it is enabled to trace out its food.\\nIt is naturally stupid, inactive, and drowsy j much in-\\nclined to increase in fat, which is disposed in a different\\nmanner from that of other animals, and forms a thick\\nand regular coat between the flesh and the skin. It is\\nrestless at a change of weather; and, during certain high\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0winds, is so agitated, as to run violently, screaming hor-\\nribly at the same time. It appears to foresee the ap-\\nproach of bad weather, as it previously carries straw in\\nits mouth to its sty,^ prepares a bed, and seems endea-\\nvouring to hide itself from the impending storm.\\nLinnseus observes, that the fiesh of the Hog is a\\nwholesome^ food for those that use much exercise, but\\nbad for such as lead a sedentary life. It is of universal\\nuse, and makes in various ways a constant article in the\\nelegancies of the table. It isof great importance to this\\ncountry, as a commercial nation; for it takes salt better\\nthan any other kind, and consequently is capable of be-\\ning preserved longer: It is therefore of great use ia\\nships, and makes a principal part of the provisions of the\\nBritish navy.\\nThe dom.estic Sow generally brings forth twice a year\\nand produces from ten to twenty at a litter; she goes\\nfour months with young, and brings forth in the fifth.\\nAt that time she must be carefully watched, to prevent\\nher from devouring her young: Stiil greater attention is\\nnecessary to keep off the male, as he would destroy the\\nwhok litter.\\nL 2", "height": "3962", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0181.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "l64 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nSOW OF THE IMPROVED BREED..\\nBy a mixture of the Chinese black Swine with others-\\nof the larger British breed, a kind has been produced\\nwhich possesses many qualities superior to either of the\\noriginal stocks. They are very prolific, are sooner made\\nfat than the larger kind, upon less provisions, and cut up\\nwhen killed to more useful and convenient portions.\\nGur figure was taken from a Sow of this kind in the\\npossession of Arthur Mowbray, Esq. of Sherburn, in the\\ncounty of Durham. She had a litter of nineteen pigs to\\nsupport at the tim.e, which was the third within ten\\nmonths: The whole am.ounted at that time, to fifty\\npigs.\\nThe Chinese or black breed are now very common in\\nEngland. They are smaller, have shorter legs, and their\\nfiesh is whiter and sweeter than the common kind.\\nA kind similar to this were those found in New Gui-\\nnea, which proved so seasonable a relief to our circum-\\nnavigators, when that country was first visited by them.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0182.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "HI TORY 0;F QUADRUPEDS.\\n165\\nThere are likewise great numbers of them in the Friend-\\nly and Society Isles, the Marquesas, and many other of\\nthe newly-discovered islands in the South Seas. These\\nare fed with plaintains, bread fruit, and yams, and are\\n-exceedingly fat. They are frequently seen by the na-\\ntives in their canoes, swimming from one island to ano-\\nther, and killed by them with lances and arrows.\\nAnother breed of Swine has lately been introduced in-\\nto this kingdom, which is expected to rival or excel all\\nthe others: The original stock was produced from a Wild-\\nBoar brought from America, and a sow of the improved\\nChinese breed. The Sows are extremely prolific, and\\nthe colour of the pigs in general is most fancifully diver-\\nsified; some are striped longitudinally, with brown and\\nt)lack; others, brown and blue; and others, with black\\nand white. The colour of the Boar was a rusty-brown.\\nL3", "height": "3962", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0183.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "166\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE^CHIJSrESE KIJ^D.\\nAn unceasing attention to improvement has produced\\nor new-modelled the Chinese breed in this country to\\nwhat is deemed to be nearer perfection. The delicacy of\\nappearance, the thin transparent ears, small head, short\\ns r.all legs, and even the colour of the hair, are all consi-\\ndered as requisite qualities which ought to be attended to\\nin this kind. They are seldom fed for the same purposes\\nas the larger kinds of swine, being accounted too small\\nfor be ng dried into bicon but they are preferred as the\\nbest and most delicate mr pork and roasting pigs.\\nOur figure was taken from one of this description in\\nthe possession of Geo. Baker, Esq. of Elemore, in the\\ncounty of Durham.", "height": "3980", "width": "2235", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0184.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n1^7\\nTEE AFRICAM JVILD-BOAR, OR\\nF/OOD-SWIME,\\nfSus JEthiopicus, Lin. SangUcr du Cap Verd, Buft)\\nLives in a wild, uncultivated state, in the hottest parts of\\nAfrica. It is a very vicious animal, and quick in all its\\nmotions. It is as dangerous to attack one of them as a\\nLion: For, though much smaller, it rushes upon a man\\nas sw^i^ft as an arrow; and throwing him down before he\\nhas time to strike with his javelin, breaks his legs, and\\nalmost at the same instant rips up his belly.\\nIt has four tusks: Two very large ones proceed from\\nthe upper jaw, and turn upwards like a horn; they are\\nnine inches long, and full five inches round at the base;\\nthe two other tusks, which come from the lower jaw,\\nproject but three inches from the mouth. These tusks\\nthe animal makes use of as the dreadful instruments of\\nbis vcngrcance. He will attack a man on horseback, if", "height": "3962", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0185.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "168 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nhe should venture to come too near him and, jfirst break-\\ning the Horse s legSj kills both him and the rider.\\nSparrman describes it as being of a bright-yellow co-\\nlour, like the domestic kind. lis nose is broad, flat, and\\nof a horny hardness its head is very large, in proportion\\nto the size of its body; underneath each eye it has a\\ngreat lobe or wattle, lying almost horizontally, broad,\\nfl9t, rounded at the end, and placed so as to intercept\\nthe view of any thing, immediately beneath it; the ears\\nare large an4 sharp-pointed, lined on the inside W ith long\\nwhitish hairs; its tail is slender and flat, and when the\\nanimal is pursued it always holds it quite erect.\\nThey live in holes under ground, the avenues to which\\nare exceedingly narrow. The natives seldom, dare attack\\nthem in their retreats, as there is always danger of their\\nrushing, out unawares. When pursued with their young\\nones, it is no uncommon thing to see them take them up\\nin their mouths, and run with them in that manner at a\\ngreat rate.\\nFrom the shortness of their necks, they frequently fall\\non their knees to feed and change this posture to that\\nof standing with the greatest ease.\\nThe flesh of this animal is good, and very mi^ch re-\\nsembles that of the common Hog.", "height": "3933", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0186.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "HISTORY PF QUADRUPEDS.\\n169.\\nTHE PECCARY OR MEXICAN HOG,\\nfSus Tajacu, Lin.)\\nInhabits the hottest parts of South-America, where the\\nspecies is very numerous: Herds, consisting of two or\\nthree hundred, are sometimes to be seen together. -It is\\nvery fierce, and will fight stoutly with beasts of prey,\\nwhen attacked by them. The Jaguar, or American Leo-\\npard, is its mortal enemy, and frequently loses its life in\\nengaging a number of these animals. They assist each\\nother, surround their enemies, and often come off victo-^\\nrious.\\nThey live chiefly in mountainous places, and are not\\nfond of wallowing in the mire, like the common Hog.\\nThey feed on fruits, roots, and seeds: They likewise eat\\nserpents, toads, and lizards; and are very dexterous in\\nfirst taking off the skins with their fore feet and teeth.\\nThe Peccary in appearance resembles thciiog, though\\nsomewhat smaller: Its body is covered with strong bris-\\ntles, whiA, when the creature is irritated, rise up like", "height": "3962", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0187.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "170 HISTORY 6F gUADRUPSDS.\\nthe prickles of a Hedgehog, and are nearly as strong\\nthey are of a dusky colour, with alternate rings of white\\nacross the shoulders to the breast there is a band of\\nwhite; its head is short and thick; it has two tusks in\\neach jaw; its ears are small and erect and instead of a\\ntail it has a small fleshy protuberance, which does not\\ncover its posteriors. It differs most essentially from the\\nHog, in having a small oritice on the lower part of the\\nback, from whence a thin watery humour, of a most dis-\\nagreeable smeli, flows very copiously. In the Philosophi-\\ncal Transactions, Dr, Tyson has described this^prifice\\nvery minutely, as well as some other peculiarities in the\\nconformation of its stomach and intestines.\\nLike the Hog, the Peccary is very prolific. The\\nyoung ones, if taken at first, are easily tamed, and soon\\nJose all their natural ferocity; but can never be brought\\nto discover any signs of attachment to those that feed\\nthem. They do no mischief, and may be allowed to run\\nabout at pleasure. Theyseldom stray far from home,\\nand return of their own accord. When angry, they\\ngrunt like the Hog, but much stronger and harsher; and\\nwhen suddenly alarmed, make a sharp noise with their\\nbreath, and erect their bristles.\\nThe flesh of the Peccary, though drier and leaner than\\nthat of our Hog, is by no means disagreeable, and may\\nbe greatly improved by castration. When killed the\\ndorsal gland must be immediately cut off. If this ope-\\nration be deferred for the space of half an hour, the flesh\\nbecomes utterly unfit to be eaten.\\nAlthough the European Hog is common in America,\\nand in many parts has become wild, the Peccary has ne-\\nver been kuovvn to breed with it. They frec^ently go", "height": "3933", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0188.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS. I7I\\ntogether, and feed in the same woods; but hitherto no\\nintermediate breed has been known to arise from their\\nintercourse^\\nM. de la Borde describes two kinds of this animal,\\none smaller than the other. He relates, that being one\\nday engaged with some others in hunting a drove of Pec-\\ncaries, they were surrounded by them, and obliged to\\ntake refuge upon a piece of rock; and, notwithstanding\\nthey kept up a constant fire among them, the creatures\\ndid riot retire till a great number of them were slain.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0189.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "172 HISTORY Qr gUADRUPEDS.\\n^^E\\nll^\\n-^3\\nTHE BABIROUSSA,\\n(Sus Bahyroussa^ Lin. Le Babyroussai EufF.)\\nThough classed by naturalists with the Hog kind, differs\\nfrom animals of that species in a variety of particulars:\\nIts legs are longer, and its body more slender; it is co-\\nvered with short hair as soft as wool, and of a dark-gray\\ncolour, mixed with red; its ears are short and pointed;\\nits tail is long, tufted at the end, and twisted. Its most\\ndistinguishing characteristic consists in four large tusks,\\nthe two stoutest of which proceed, like those of the Wild-\\nBoar, from the under jaw, pointing upwards, and stand-\\ning near eight inches out of the sockets; the two others\\nrise up like horns on the outside of the upper jaw, just\\nabove the nose, and extend in a curve above the ty^s,\\nalmost touching the forehead, and are twelve inches in\\nlength. These tusks are of the most beautiful ivory, but\\nnot so hard as those of the Elephant.\\nThe Babiroussa abounds in several of the islands of the", "height": "3933", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0190.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 17^\\nEast-Indies, particularly Buero, a small isle near Ara-\\nboyna.\\nIt is easily tamed; and its flesh is well tasted. It lives\\non leaves of trees and other vegetables. Its scent is ex-\\nquisite: It can discover the approach of Dogs at a dis-\\ntance. When closely pursued, it plunges into the sea,\\nswims and dives with great facility from one island to\\nanother, and by that means frequently escapes from its\\npursuers.\\nThey live in herds; and, when any number of them\\nare together, their odour is so strong, that the dogs can\\nscent them at a considerable distance, \u00c2\u00a5/hen attacked,\\nthey growl frightfully, and defend themselves with their\\nunder tusks: The upper ones are serviceable to them in\\ntaking their repose, by hooking them on the branches of\\ntrees..", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0191.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "174 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE LONG JVOSED TAPIIR,\\n(Hippopotamus Terrestrisy Lin. Le Tapir, Buff.)\\nIs the Hippopotamus of the new world, and has by some\\nauthors been mistaken for that animal. It inhabits the\\nwoods and rivers on the eastern side of South America,\\nfrom the isthmus of Darien to the river of the Amazons.\\nIt is a solitary animal, sleeps during the day, and goes\\nout in the night in search of food; lives on grass, su-\\ngar-canes, and fruits. If disturbed, it takes to the water,\\nswims with great ease, or plunges to the bottom and,\\nlike the Hippopotamus, walks there as on dry ground.\\nIt is about the size of a small Cow: Its nose is long\\nand slender, and extends far below the upper jaw, form-\\ning a kind of proboscis, which it can contract or extend\\nat pleasure each jaw is furnished with ten cutting teeth,\\nand as many grinders its ears are small and erect its\\nbody formed like that of a Hog; its back arched; legs\\nshort; and hoofs, of which it has four upon each foot.", "height": "3933", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0192.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF 2UADRUP15DS.\\n175\\nsmall, black, and hollow its tail is very small j its hair\\nshort, and of a dusky-brown colour.\\nThe Tapiiris mild and inoffensive, avoids all hostilities\\nwith other animals, and flies from every appearance of\\ndanger. Its skin, of which the Indians make bucklers, is\\nvery thick and, when dried, is so hard as to resist the\\nimpression of an arrow. The natives eat its flesh, which\\nis said to be very good.\\nTHE RHIJVOCEROS,\\n(Rhinoceros Unicornis, Un.\u00e2\u0080\u0094Rldnoccros, BufF.V\\nWe are indebted to the labours of many learned and\\ningenious naturalists for accurate descriptions of this\\nwonderful creature, which in size is only exceeded by\\nthe Elephant, and in strengh and power is Inferior to no\\nother animal. Bontius says, that in the bulk of its body\\nit equals the Elephant, but is lower oiily on account o^\\nthe shortness of its legs.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0193.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "176 HISTORY OF gUADRU PEDS.\\nThe length of the Rhinoceros, from the extremity of\\nthe muzzle to the insertion of the tail, is usually twelve\\nfeet and the circumference of its body nearly equal to\\nits length. Its nose is armed with a formidable weapon,\\npeculiar to this creature, being a very hard and solid\\nhorn, with which it defends itself from every adversary.\\nThe Tiger will rather attack the Elephant, whose trunk\\nit can lay hold of, than the Rhinoceros, w^hich it cannot\\nface, without danger of having its bowels torn out.\\nThe body and limJos of the Rhinoceros are covered\\nwith a skin so hard and impenetrable, that he fears nei-\\nther the claws of the Tiger, nor the more formidable\\nproboscis of the Elephant It will turn the edge of a sci-\\nmitar, and even resist the force of a musket-Ball. The\\nskin which is of a blackish colour forms itself into large\\nfolds at the neck, the shoulders, and the crupper, by\\nwmich the motion of the head and limbs is facilitated\\nround the neck, which is very short, are two large folds j\\nthere is also a fold from the shoulders, which hangs down\\nupon the fore legs and another from the hind part of\\nthe back to the thighs: The body is every where cover-\\ned with small tuberosities or knots, which are small on\\nthe neck and back, but larger on the sides The thighs,\\nlegs, and even the feet, are full of those incrustations,\\nwhich have been mistaken for scales by some authors:\\nThey are, however, only simple indurations of the skin,\\nwithout any uniformity in their figure, or regularity in\\ntheir position. Between the folds, the skin is penetrable\\nand delicate, as soft to the touch as silk, and of a light\\nliesh colour: The skin of the belly is nearly of the same\\ncolour and consistency.", "height": "3933", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0194.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 177\\nThe body of the Rhinoceros is long and thick Its\\nbelly is large^ and hangs near the ground; its legs short,\\nround, and very strong; and its hoofs are divided into\\nthree parts, each pointing forward. The head of this\\nanimal is large; its ears long and erect; and its eyes\\nsmall, sunk, and without vivacity The upper lip is long,\\noverhangs the lower, and is capable of great extension:\\nIt is so pliable, that the Rhinoceros can move it from\\nside to side, twist it round a stick, collect its food, or\\nseize with it any thing it would carry to its mouth.\\nThe Rhinoceros, without being ferocious, carnivorous,\\nor even extremely wild, is, however, totally untractable\\nand rude. It seems to be subject to paroxysms of fury,\\nwhich nothing can appease. That which Emanuel, king\\nof Portugal, sent to the Pope in the year 1513, destroyed\\nthe vessel in Vv^iich they were transporting it.\\nLike the Hog, the Rhinoceros is fond of wallowing in\\nthe mire. ^It is a solitary animal, loves moist and marbhy\\ngrounds, and seldom quits the banks of the rivers.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 It is\\nfound in Bengal, Siam, China, and other countries of\\nAsia; in the isles of Java, Sumatra, Ceylon c in\\nEthiopia, and the country as low as the Cape of Good\\nHope: But, in general, the species is not numerous, and\\nis much less diffused than that ofthe Elephant.\\nThe female produces but one at a time, andat consi-\\nderable intervals. During the first month, the young\\nRhinoceros exceeds not the size of a large dog. At the\\nage of two years, the horn is not more than an inch\\nlong; at six years old, it is nine or ten inches long; and\\ngrows to the length of three feet and a half, and some-\\ntimes four feet. The horn is much esteemed by the na-\\nL", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0195.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "IjB HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nlives as an antidote against poison, as well as a remedy\\nfor particular diseases.\\nThe Rhinoceros feeds on the grossest herbs, and pre-\\nfers thistles and shrubs to soft or delicate pasturage. It\\nis fond of the sugar-cane, and eats all kinds of grain.\\nDr. Parsons remarks, that this animal has an acute and\\nvery attentive ear. It will listen, with a deep and long\\ncontinued attention, to any kind of noise; and, though it\\nbe eating, lying down, or obeying any pressing demands\\nof Nature, it will raise its head, and listen till the noise\\ncease.\\nFrom the peculiar construction of his eyes, the Rhi-\\nnoceros can only see what is immediately before him.\\nWhen he pursues any object, he proceeds always in a\\ndirect line, overturning every obstruction. With the\\nhorn on his nose, he tears up trees, raises stones, and\\nthrows them behind him to a considerable distance. His\\nsense of smiclling is so exquisite, that the hunters are\\nobliged to avoid being to windward of him. They fol-\\nlow him, at a distance and watch till he lies down to\\nsleep They then approach with great precaution, and\\ndischarge their muskets all at once into the lower part of\\nthe belly.\\nThe Rhinoceros is supposed to be the Unicorn of holy\\nwrit, and possesses all the properties ascribed to that ani-\\nmal. rage, untameableness, great swiftness, and im-\\nmense strength. It was known to the Romans in very\\nearly times, and is handed down to us in some of the\\nworks of that celebrated people. Augustus introduced\\none into the shews, on his triumph over Cleopatra.\\nIcs flesh is eaten and much relished by the natives of\\nIndia and Africa.", "height": "3933", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0196.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n179\\nTHE TWO-HORMED RHUYOCEROS.\\n(Rhinoceros Bicornis, Lin.)\\nWe have given the figure of this hitherto undescribed\\nanimal from Mr Sparrman^ whose authenticity there is\\nevery reason to depend upon, and who has given a most\\nexact anatomical description of it. Of two that were\\nshot, he only mentions the size of the smaller of them\\nwhich was eleven feet and a half long, seven feet high,\\nand twelve in circumference,, Its skin was without any\\nfolds, and of an ash colour; excepting about the groin,\\nwhere it was liesh-coloured The surface was scabrous,\\nand knotty, of a close texture, and, when dry, extremely\\nhard. There were no hairs on any part of the body, ex-\\ncept the edges of the ears and the tip of the tail, on\\nwhich were a few dark bristly hairs^ about an inch long.\\nM 2", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0197.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "l8b HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nThe horns are placed one behind the other, in a line\\nwith the nose: The foremost of them measures about\\neighteen inches in length, and is always the larger of the\\ntwo. They are of a conical shape, and the tips incline a\\nlittle backward; the lower parts are rough, and seem as\\nif composed of thorny fibres the upper parts are smooth\\nand plain, like those of an ox. It is remarkable, that\\nthe Rhinoceros makes use of the shorter horn only for\\nthe purpose of digging up roots, of which its food chiefly\\nconsists, being endued with the power of turning the\\nlarger horn on one side out of the way. The feet are\\nround and do not spread much there are three hoofs on\\neach of them, which project but little; the middle one\\nig the longest.\\nThe eyes of this animal are small, and sunk into its\\nhead; in consequence of which it sees indistinctly. But\\nits organs of hearing and smelling are very acute At the\\nleast noise, the creature takes the alarm, pricks up its\\nears, and listens with gerat attention: If it happen to\\ncatch the scent of any person within a small distance, it\\nrushes out with astonishing rapidity; and it is difficult to\\navoid the impetuous attack of this powerful animal.\\nIt has been generally said of the Rhinoceros, that its\\ntongue is so hard and rough, as to take away the skin an4.\\nflesh wherever it licks any person that has unfortunately\\nfallen a victim to its fury. Mr Sparrman says, however,\\nthat he thrust his hand into the mouth of one that had\\njust been shot, and found the tongue perfectly soft and\\nsmooth. From the account of its intestines, given us by\\nthe same ingenious author, we shall just mention the fol-\\nlowing, which will enable our readers to form a more\\nperfect idea of its enormous bulk: The stomach was", "height": "3933", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0198.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. l8l\\nfour feet in length, and two in diameter to which was\\nannexed a tube or canal, twenty-eight feet long, and six\\ninches diameter; the kidnies were a foot and a half in\\nbreadth; the heart was a foot and a half long, and near-\\nly the same in breadth; the liver, when measured from\\nright to \\\\\u00e2\u0082\u00ac^h, was found to be three feet and a half in\\nbreadth, and two feet and a half deep, as it hangs in the\\nanimal s body w^hen in a standing position: It had no\\ngall-bladder, in which it resembles the Horse. Upon\\nopening the stomach, the contents of it were found to\\nconsist of roots and small branches of trees masticated,\\nsome of which were as big as the end of a man s finger;\\nin the mass there^ppeared a, great .quantity,.Gf succulent\\nplants, as well as some that were harsii and prickly The\\ne^l^vium arising from this mass was so far from being\\noffensive, that it diffused around a very strong and not\\ndisagreeable aromiatic odour. We shall conclude this ac-\\ncount by observing, that the cavity which contained the\\nbrains was srpall, being only six inches long, and four\\nhigh, and of an oval shape: Being filled with pease, it\\nwas found to contain barely one quart; a human skull,\\nmeasured at the same time, did not require much less\\nthan three pints to fill it.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0199.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n^2^J5^^\\n-^^^^msMi^^^^mjE\\n^^SSSQ^^^\\nTHE HIPPOPOTAMUS,\\nf Hippopotamus Amphibius Ylm^-^LHIippopotame, BufF.)\\nThe great difficulties that have always attended a com-\\nplete investigation of this huge animal, have arisen as\\nwell from the remoteness of its situation, as from its pe-\\nculiar habits and disposition.\\nThough the Hippopotamus has been celebrated from\\nthe remotest antiquity; though the sacred writings men-\\ntion him under the mmeof Behemoih; and though his fi-\\ngure is to be seen engraven on Egyptian obelisks and on\\nRoman medals, yet his history was very imperfectly\\nknown to the ancients. Aristotle says, that he has a\\nmane like a Horse, and hoofs like an Ox; tusks and tail\\nlike a Boar; that he is of the size of an Ass, and has the\\nvoice of a Horse; with other things equally absurd;\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nall which Pliny has copied; and instead of correcting,\\nhas added to the number of his errors. Of the accounts\\nof later writers, it is much to be lamented that suitable", "height": "3933", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0200.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. lB$\\ndelineations have not accompanied their accurate descrip*\\ntions,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a general defect, by which the study of nature\\nhas been much retarded, the laborious researches of ma-\\nny learned and ingenious naturalists greatly frustrated,\\nand the errors of former times repeatedly copied, and\\nmultiplied without number.\\nThe size of the Hippopotamus is nearly equal to that\\nof the Elephant. M. Vailjant says, that one w^hich he\\nkilled, measured, from the tip of the nose to the insertion\\nof the tail, ten feet seven inches, and was, eight feet ele-\\nven inches in circumference; but, from the smallness of\\nits tusks, he supposed it to be a young one. In its sto-\\nmach were found leaves and reeds, grossly chewed like-\\nwise small branches of trees, a little bruised.\\nIt inhabits all the larger rivers of Africa, from the Ni-\\nger to the Cape of Good Hope but is found in none of\\nthe African rivers that run into the Mediterranean, ex-\\ncept the Nile, and in that part of it only which runs\\nthrough the Upper Egypt, and in the fens and lakes of\\nEthiopia.\\nThe head of this animal is enormously large its\\nmouth vastly wide. Ray says, that the upper mandible\\nis moveable, like that of a crocodile. In each jaw there\\nare four cutting teeth those in the lower jaw point\\nstraight forward: It has four large tusks; the largest,\\nwhich are always in the lower jaw, are sometimes above\\ntwo feet long: It is said that the canine teeth are so\\nhard, as to emit fire on being struck with steel; they are\\nperfectly white, and preferable to ivory for making arti-\\nficial teeth The grinders are square or oblong, like\\nthose of a man; and so large, that a single tooth weighs\\nM 4", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0201.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "l84 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nabove three pounds The skin is of a dusky colour, bears\\na re^mbtance to that of the Rhinoceros, but is thicker,\\narid is made into whips The tail is nearly a foot long,\\ntaper, and flatted at the end, which is thinly furnished\\nwith hairs like bristles: Its legs are so short, that its belly\\nalmost touches the ground: The hoofs are divided into\\nfour parts, unconnected by membrances.\\nWhen alarmed or pursued, it takes to the water,\\nplunges in, and sinks to the bottom; where it walks at\\nfull ease. It often rises to the surface, and remains with\\nits head out of the water, making a bellowing noise^\\nwhich may be heard at a great distance.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 It feeds during\\nnight on the banks of the rivers, and sometimes does\\ngreat damage in the adjacent plantations of rice and\\nother grain.\\nThe Hippopotamus is naturally mild and gentle, very\\nslow, and heavy in its movements upon land, but in the\\nwater bold and active and, when provoked or wounded,\\nwill rise, and attack boats or canoes with great fury.\\nDampiersays, he has known one of these animals sink a\\nboat full of people, by biting a hole in the bottom with\\nits tusks. The method of taking it is by digging pits m\\nthe sand, in those parts through which the animal passes\\nin its way to the river after it has been feeding.\\nThe flesh of the Hippopotamus is tender and good:\\nThe fat is fine and well-tasted, and much in request with\\nthe colonists at the Cape, who look upon it as the most\\nwholesome meat that can be eaten: The gelatinous part\\nof the feet in particular is accounted a great delicacy:\\nThe tongue, when dried, is also considered at the Cape\\nas a rare and excellent dish.", "height": "3933", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0202.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPED^. I85.\\nSparrman has given an engraving of this animal, taken\\nfrom a young one which he caught at the Cape, from\\nwhich ours is copied.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The female brings forth one\\nyoung at a time.\\nScaurus treated the Romans with one of these crea-\\ntures, and five crocodiles during his ^dileship, and ex-\\nhibited them on a temporary lake,", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0203.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "iS6\\nHISTORY -OF QUADJIUPEDS,\\nTHE ELEPHAMT,\\n(Elephas Maximiis^ Lin. UElephant, BuffJ\\nOf all the creatures that have hitherto been taken intp\\nthe service of man, the Elephant is pre-eminent in the\\nsize and strength of his body, and inferior to none in sa-\\ngacity and obedience.\\nFrom time immemorial this animal has been employed\\neither for the purposes of labour, of war, or of ostenta-\\ntious parade; to increase the grandeur of eastern princes,\\nextend their power, or enlarge their dominions.\\nThe Elephant is a native of Asia and Africa, and is\\nnot to be found in its natural state either in Europe or\\nAmerica. From the river Senegal to the Cape of Good\\nHope, they are met with in great numbers. In this ex-\\ntensive region, as they are more numerous than in any\\nother part of the world, so are they less fearful of man.", "height": "3933", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0204.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS, iS?\\nThe savage inhabitants of this dreary country, instead of\\nattempting to subdue this powerful animal, and render it\\nsubservient to their necessities, seem desirous only of a-\\nvoiding its fury.\\nSparrman says, that in the -country near the Cape they\\nare sometimes seen in large herds, consisting of many\\nhundreds; and thinks it probable, that, in tlie more re-\\nmote and unfrequented parts of that vast country, they\\nare still more numerous.\\nThey are frequently hunted by the colonists at the\\nCape, who. are very expert in shooting them, and make\\ngreat advantage of their teeth. The largest teeth weigh\\nan hundred and fifty Dutch pounds, and are sold to the\\ngovernor for as many guilders; so that a man may earn\\nthree hundred guilders at one shot. It is not therefore\\nto be wondered at, that a traffic so lucrative should tempt\\nthe hunter to run great risks. In approaching this ani-\\nmal great care must be taken to steal upon him unper-\\nceived. If the Elephant discovers his enemy near, he\\nrushes out, and endeavours to kill him. One of these\\nhunters being out upon a plain, under the shelter of a\\nfew scattered thorn trees, thought he could be able to\\nadvance near enough to shoot an Elephant that was at a\\nlittle distance from him; but he was discovered, pursued\\nand overtaken by the animal, which laid hold of him\\nwith his trunk, and beat him instantly to death.\\nThe height of the Elephant at the Cape is from twelve\\nto fifteen feet. The female is less than the male, and\\nher tusks do not grow to such a size.\\nIn proportion to the size of the Elephant, his eyes are\\nvery small; but they are lively, brilliant, and capable of\\ngreat expression. Pie turns them slowly, and with gen-", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0205.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "1,1^ HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\ntleness towards his master. When he speaks, the ani-\\nmal regards him with an eye of mildness and attention.\\n-r-His ears are very large, and much longer, in propor-\\ntion to his body, than those of the Ass: They lie flat on\\nthe head, and are commonly pendulous; but he can raise\\nand move them with great facility, and frequently uses\\nthem as a fan to cool himself, or defend his eyes from\\ndust and insects. His hearing is likewise remarkably\\niine for he delights in the sound of musical instru -rents,\\nand moves in cadence to the trumpet and tabor.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 There\\nare four grinders in each jaw, closely united together;\\nforming, with the jaw-bone, one hard and compaptbody.\\nOne of these grinders sometimes measures nine inches\\nbroad, and weighs four pounds and a half. The texture\\nof the skin is uneven, wrinkled, and knotty,; full of deep\\nfissures, nearly, resembling the bark of an old oak tree,\\nwhich run in all directions over its surface. It is of a\\ntawny colour, inclining to citron. In the fissures therQ\\nare some bristly hairs, which are also thinly scattered\\nover the body. The legs resemble m.assy columns, of\\nfifteen or eighteen inches diameter, and from five to six\\nfeet high. The foot is short, and divided into five toes.,\\ncovered with the skin, so as not to be visible. To each\\ntoe there is affixed a nail or hoof, of a horny substance.\\nThe most remarkable feature of the Elephant is his\\ntrunk or proboscis; which is composed of membranes,\\nnerves, and muscles. It is both an organ of feeling and\\n\u00c2\u00a9f motion. The animal can not only move and bend it,\\nbut can contract, lengthen, and turn it in every direction.\\nThe extremity of the trunk terminates in a protuberance\\nwhich stretches out on the upper side in the form of a\\nfinger, and possesses in a great degree the niccness and", "height": "3933", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0206.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OP ^gUADRUPEfiS. I S^\\ndexterity of that useful member. It is equally flexible,\\nand as capable of laying hold of objects as the fingers 6(\\na man. He lifts from the ground the smallest piece of\\nmoney; he selects herbs and flowers, and picks them up\\none by one; he unties the knots of ropes, opens and\\nshuts gates, :c. With his trunk he grasps any body\\nwhich it is applied to, so firmly, that no force can tear it\\nfrom its gripe.\\nOf all the instruments which Nature has so liberally\\nbestowed on her most favourite productions, the trunk of\\nthe Elephant is perhaps the most complete and admi-\\nrable. Ray says, it is divided into three partitions or\\nchambers, two of which run in spiral directions, and\\nthe other in a right line. It is eight feet long in an Ele-\\nphant of fourteen feet high, and hvQ feet in circumfe-\\nrence at the thickest part. The nostrils are situated at\\nthe extremity, through which it draws in water by a\\nstrono- suction, either for the purpose of quenching its\\nthirst, or of washing and cooling itself, which it fre-\\nquently does, by taking up a large quantity, part of\\nwhich it carries to its mouth, and drinks; and by ele-\\nvating the trunk, allows the remainder to run over every-\\npart of its body.\\nRoots, herbs, leaves, and tender w^ood, are the ordi-\\nnary food of the Elephant. He does not ruminate, and\\nhas but one stomach This want, how^ever, is amply sup-\\nplied by the magnitude and length of his intestines, and\\nparticularly of the colon, which is from fifteen to twenty\\nfeet in length, and two or three in diameter. When\\none of them discovers a plentiful pasture he calls to the\\nothers, and invites them to partake. As they require a\\ngreat quantity of forage, they frequently chango their", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0207.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "1\u00c2\u00a3)0 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\npasture, and do incredible damage whenever they hap-\\npen to stray into cultivated grounds. From the weight\\nof their bodies and the size of their feet, they destroy\\nmuch more than they use for fond. The Indians and ne-\\ngroes use every artifice to prevent the approach of these\\nunwelcome visitants, by making loud noises, and kindling\\nfires round their habitations; but in spite of all their pre-\\ncautions, the Elephants often break through their fences,\\ndestroy their whole harvest, and overturn their huts. It\\nis not easy to separate them They generally act in con-\\ncert, Vv^hether they attack, march, or fly.\\nThe ordinary walk of the Elephant is not quicker than\\nthat of a Horse bat v/hen pushed, he assumes a kind of\\nambling pace, which in fleetness is equal to a gallop.\\nHe goes forward with ease and celerity but it is with\\ngreat difficulty that he turns himself round and that not\\nwithout taking a pretty large circuit. It is generally in\\nnarrow and hollow places that the negroes attack him,\\nand cut off his tail, which they value above every other\\npart of his body. He swims well, and is of great use in\\ncarrying great quantities of baggage over large rivers.\\nWhen swimming, he raises his long trunk above the sur-\\nface of the water for the sake of respiration, every other\\npart of his body being below: In this manner several of\\nthese animals swim together, and steer their course with-\\nout danger of running foul of each other.\\nThe Elephant, when tamed, is genrle, obedient, and\\ndocile Patient of labour, he submits to the most toil-\\nsome drudgery and so attentive to the commands of his\\ngovernor, that a word or a look is sufiicient to stimulate\\nhim to the most violent exertions. His attachment to\\nhis keeper is so great, that he caresses him with his trunk.", "height": "3933", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0208.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. I9I\\nand frequently will obey no other master: He knows his\\nvoice, and can distinguish the tone of command, of an-\\no-er, or of approbation and regulates his actions accor-\\ndingly He receives his orders with attention, and exe-\\ncutes them with eagerness, but without precipitation.\\nAll his motions are orderly, and seem to correspond with\\nthe dignity of his appearance, being grave, majestic, and\\ncautious. He kneels down for the accommodation of\\nthose who would mount upon his back, and with his pli-\\nant tEunk even assists them to ascend. He suffers himself\\nto be harnessed, and seems to have a pleasure in the finery\\nof his trappings. He is used in drawing chariots, wag-\\ngons, and various kinds of machines. One of them will\\nperform with ease the work of many horses.\\nThe conductor of the Elephant is usually mounted on\\nits neck, and makes use of a rod of iron, sharp at the\\nend, and hooked j with which he urges the animal for-\\nward, by pricking its head, ears, or muzzle But in ge-\\nneral, a word from the keeper is sufficient to encourage\\nthis intelligent creature to proceed on its way, or perform\\nthe task assigned to it. In India, where they were once\\nemployed in launching ships, one of them was directed\\nto force a large vessel into the water, which proving supe-\\nrior to his strength, the master, in an angry tone, cried\\nout Take away that lazy beast, and bring another in its\\nplace. The poor animal instantly redoubled its efforts,\\nfractured its skull, and died upon the spot.\\nThe Indians, from very early periods, have employed\\nElephants in their wars: Porus opposed the passage of\\nAlexander over the Hydaspes with eighty-live of them.\\nM. de Bufibn imagines, that it was some of the Ele-\\nphants taken by that monarch, and afterwards transport-", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0209.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "192 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\ned into Greece, which were employed by Pyrfhus against\\nthe Romans.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Since the invention of fire-arms, the Ele-\\nphant has been of little use in deciding the contests of\\nhostile nations; for, being terrified with the flash of the\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2powder, and the report that immediate succeeds, they\\nare soon thrown into confusion, and then become dan-\\ngerous to their em_ployers.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 They are now chiefly used\\nfor the purpose, of labour, or magnificent parade.\\nThe Indian princes, in their travels, are attended by\\nhundreds ot these animals Some are employed to con-\\nvey the ladies which compose the seraglio, in latticed\\nc?ges made for that purpose, and covered with branches\\nof trees; whilst others transport immense quantities of\\nbaggage, with which the sovereigns of the East are al-\\n*ways accompanied in their marches from one place to\\nanother. They are likewise made use of as the dreadful\\ninstruments of executing condemned criminals a task\\nwhich they perform with great dexterity. At the word\\nof command, they break the limbs of the criminal with\\ntheir trunks They sometimes trample him to death, or\\nimpale him on their enormous tusks, just as they are di-\\nrected by their more barbarous keeper.\\nIt is.a singular circumstance in the history of this ex-*\\ntraordmary animal, that, in a^ state of subjection, it is\\nunalterably barren; and, though it has been reduced un-\\nder the dominion of man for ages, it has never been\\nknown to breed, as if it had a proper sense of its de-\\ngraded condition, and obstinately refused to increase the\\npride and power of its conquerors by propagating a race\\nof slaves. It therefore follows, that of all the numerous\\nbands of Elephants that are trained to service, there is\\nnot one that has net been originally wild, nor one that", "height": "3933", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0210.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 1.93\\nhas not been forced into a state of subjection. To re-\\ncruit, therefore, the numbers that are unavoidably con-\\nsumed by disease, accident, or age, the eastern princes\\nare obliged every year to send into the forests, and use\\nvarious methods to procure fresh supplies.\\nThe manner of taking, taming, and rendering these\\nanimals submissive, is curious, and well deserves a place\\nin the history of the Elephant. In the midst of a forest\\nabounding with Elephants, a large piece of ground is\\nmarked out, and surrounded with strong palisades, inter-\\nwoven with branches of trees: One end of the inclosure\\nIS narrow; from which it widens gradually, so as to take\\nin a great extent of country. Several thousand men are\\nemployed upon the occasion, who place themselves in\\nsuch a manner as to prevent the wild Elephants from\\nmaking their escape: They kindle large fires at certain\\ndistances, and make a dreadful noise with drums and va-\\nrious kinds of discordant instruments, calculated for the\\npurpose of stunning and terrifying the poor animals;\\nwhilst another party, consisting of some thousands, with\\nthe assistance of tame female Elephants trained for the\\npurpose, drive the wild Elephants slowly towards the\\ngreat opening of the inclosure, the whole train of hun-\\nters closing in after them, shouting, and making a great\\nnoise, till they are driven by insensible degrees into the\\nnarrow part of the inclosure, through which there is an\\nopening into a smaller space, strongly fenced in, and\\nguarded on all side\u00c2\u00ab. As scon as one of the Elephants\\nenters this strait, a strong bar closes the passage from be-\\nhind, and he finds himself completely environed. On\\nthe top of this narrow passage so^ne of the huntsmen", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0211.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "194 HISTORY OF 2^^ADRUPEDS.\\nStand with goads in their hands, urging the creature for-\\nward to the end of the passage, where there is an open-\\ning Just wide enough to let him pass. He is now re-\\nceived into the custody of two female?, who stand on\\neach side of him, and press him into the service: If he\\nbe likely to prove refractory, they begin to discipline him\\nwith their trunks, till he is reduced to obedience, and\\nsuffers himself to be led to a tree, where he is bound by\\nthe hg with stout thongs, made of untam.ed elk or buck\\nskin. The tame Elephants are then led back to the in-\\nclosure, and the othersare made to submit in the same\\nmanner. They are all suffered to remain fast to the trees\\nfor several days. Attendants are placed by the side of\\neach animal, who supply him with food by little and lit-\\ntle, till he is brought by degrees to be sensible of kind-\\nness and caresses, and aljows himself to be led to the sta-\\nble. In the space of fourteen days, his absolute submis-\\nsion is completed. During that time, he is fed daily\\nwith cocoa-nut leaves, and led once a day to the water\\nby the tame ones. He becomes accustomed to the voice\\nof his keeper, and at last quietly resigns his prodigious\\npowers to the dominion and service of man.\\nThe time of gestation of the Elephant is hitherto but\\nimperfectly knowm: Aristotle says it goes two years\\nwith young; which is the more likely, as the season of\\ndesire in the male returns but once in three years. The\\nfemale produces one young at a time. The young Ele-\\nphants are said to suck with their trunk, the teats of the\\nfemale being situated between its fore legs.\\nThe elephant is thirty years in arriving at its full\\ngrowth and is said to live, though in a state of capti-\\nvity, to the age of an hundred and tv^^enty or an hundred", "height": "3933", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0212.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 195\\nand thirty years: In a state of unrestrained freedom, it\\nis supposed to live much longer.\\nThe Elephant will drink wine, and is fond of spirituous\\nliquors. By shewing him a vessel filled with arrack, he\\nis induced to exert the greatest efforts, and perform the\\nmost painful tasks, in hopes of receiving it as the reward\\nof his labour. To disappoint him is dangerous, as he\\nseldom fails to be revenged. The following instance is\\ngiven as a fact and deserves to be recorded:-- An Ele-\\nphant, disappointed of its reward, out of revenge killed\\nhis cornac or governor. The poor man s wife, w^ho be-\\nheld the dreadful scene, took her two infants, and threw\\nthem at the feet of the enraged animal, saying, Since\\nyou have slain my husband, take my life also, as well as\\nthat of my children/ The F^lephant instantly stopped,\\nrelented, and, as if stung with remorse, took the eldest\\nboy in its trunk, placed him on its neck, adopted him\\nfor its cornac, and would never allow any other person\\nto mount it.\\nWe might quote many other facts equally curious^and\\ninteresting Those we have already recited are sufficient\\nto shew that the Elephant is possessed of instinctive fa-\\nculties superior to those of any other animal. We must\\nat the same time admire the admirable order of that\\ndispensation, which, to an animal of such unequalled\\npowers, has added a disposition so mild and tractable.\\nWhat ravages might we not expect from the prodigious\\nstrength of the Elephant, combined with the fierceness\\nand rapacity of the Tiger!\\nWe cannot close our account of the Elephant with-\\n^t taking some notice of the teeth of that anim.al, which\\nN 2", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0213.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "196 HISTORY OF OUADRUPEDS.\\nhave been so frequently found in a fossil state in variotis-\\nparts of the world. Some years ago, two great grinding-\\nteeth, and part of the tusk of an Elephant, w^ere disco-\\nvered, at the depth of forty-two yards, in a lead mine,\\nin Flintshire, lying in a bed of gravel. The grinders\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2were almost as perfect as if they had been just taken\\nfrom the living animal; the tusk was much decayed, and\\nvery soft. Near the banks of many rivers in Siberia,\\nlarge tusks and teeth have been frequently dug up, which\\nwere formerly attributed to a creature called the Mam-\\nmouth but they are now universally believed to have be-\\nlonged to the Elephant. The molares or grinders are\\nperfectly the same with those of the present race; but\\nboth they and the tusks are much larger: Some of the\\nlatter have been known to weigh four hundred pounds;\\nand grinders, of the w^eight of twenty-four pounds, have\\nnot unfrequently been discovered. One of these was\\ntaken from a skeleton of the same head in which the\\ntusks were found: And as the ivory of the latter was\\nin every respect the same as that generally known, and\\nmade use of for the purposes of useful and ornamental\\nworks, we cannot deny our assent to the opinion of those\\nwho suppose them to have been once parts of the animal\\nw^e have just described. Tusks of a prodigious size,\\nteeth, jaw-bones, thigh-bones, and vertebra, have like-\\nwise been frequently found on the banks of the river\\nOhio, In x\\\\merica, five or six feet beneath the surface.\\nSome of the tusks are near seven feet long; one foot\\nnine inches in circumference at the base, and one foot\\nnear the point. They differ from those of the Elephant,\\nin having a larger twist or spiral curve towards the small\\nend. There is a still greater difference in the form of", "height": "3933", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0214.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n197\\nthe grinders which are made like those of a carnivorous\\nanisxjal, not flat and ribbed transversely on their surface,\\nlike those of an Elephant, but furnished w^ith a double\\nrow of high and conic projections, as if intended to mas-\\nticate, not grind, their food. Specimens of these teeth\\nand bones are deposited in the British Museum, that of\\nthe Royal Society, and in the cabinet of the late inge-\\nnious Dr Hunter. These fossil bones are also found in\\nPeru and in the Brazils. iVs yet, the living animal\\nhas evaded the search of the curious naturalist; but it is\\nnot improbable, that it may exist in some of those remote\\nparts of that vast continent, yet unpenetrated by Euro-\\npeans.\\nN 3", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0215.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "198 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nAJflMALS OF THE CAT KIXD.\\nWe have hitherto been employed in the pleasing task\\nof describing most of those num.erous tribes of animals\\nthat are more nearly connected with the interests of man-\\nkind j that serve as the instruments of man*s happiness,\\nor at least that do not openly oppose him that depend\\nupon his care for their subsistence; and in their turn\\ncontribute largely to his comfort and support. We have\\ntaken an ample range among the w^ilder inhabitants of the\\nforest, which, though in a more remote degree depen-\\ndant on man^ are nevertheless objects of his attention\\nand pursuit. We have followed Nature to her most re-\\ntired recesses, and have seen and admired her works un-\\nder a variety of the most beautiful living forms but\\nour progress has hitherto been unstained with blood.\\nThe attention of our readers will now be engaged iji a\\ndifferent pursuit. The scene must be diversified.\\nWe come now to a sanguinary and unrelenting tribe,\\nthe bold and intrepid enemies of man that disdain to own\\nhis power, and carry on unceasing hostilities against him.\\nThis numerous and ferocious tribe is chiefly distin-\\nguished by their sharp and formidable claws, which are\\nlodged in a sheath, and are capable of being extended or\\ndrawn in at pleasure.^I hey lead a solitary anc} a raven-\\nous life, and never unite for mutual defence or support,\\nlike those of the herbivorous kinds. They seek their\\nfood alone, and are frequently enemies to each other.\\nThough differing greatly in size and in colour, they are\\nnearly allied to each other in form and disposition, being\\nequally fierce, rapacious, and artful.", "height": "3933", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0216.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n199\\nTHE LIOM,\\nf Fell s Leo, Lin. Le Lion, Buff.)\\nIs eminently distinguished from the rest, as well in size\\nand strength, as by his large and flowing mane.\\nThis animal is produced in Africa, and the hottest\\nparts of Asia. It is found in the greatest numbers in the\\nscorched and desolate regions of the torrid zone, in the\\ndesarts of Zaara and Biiedulgerid, and in all the interior\\nparts of the vast continent of Africa. In these desart re-\\ngions, from whence mankind are driven by the rigorous\\nheat of the climate, this animal reigns sole master: Its\\ndisposition seems to partake of the ardour of its native\\nsoil: Inflamed by the inlluence of a burning sun, its ingc\\nis most tremendous, and its courage undaunted. Mappi-\\nN 4", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0217.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "20O HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n3y, indeed, the species is not numerous, and is said to\\nbe greatly diminished; for, if we may credit the testi-\\nmony of those who have traversed these vast desarts, the\\nnumber of Lions is not nearly so great as formerly. Mr.\\nShaver observes, that the Romans carried more Lions\\nfrom Lybia in one year for their public spectacles, than\\ncould be found in all that country at this time. It is\\nlikev^ ise remarked, that in Turkey, Persia, and the In-\\ndies, Lions are not now so frequently met with as in for-\\nmer times.\\nIt is observed of this animal, that its courage dimi-\\nnishes, and its caution and timidity are greater, in pro-\\nportion as it approaches the habitations of the human\\nrace. Being acquainted with man, and the power of his\\narms, it loses its natural fortitude to such a degree, as to\\nbe terrified at the sound of his voice. It has been known\\nto fly before women and even children, and suffer itself\\nto be driven away by them from its lurking placer, in the\\nneighbourhood of their villages.\\nThis alteration in the Lion s disposition sufficientlv\\nshews, that it will admit of a certain degree of educa-\\ntion: Audit is a well-known fact, that the keepers of\\nwild beasts frequently play with him, pull out his tongue,\\nhold him by the teeth, and even chastise him without\\ncause. The animal seems to bear all with a sullen kind\\nof composure, and rarely retaliates this unmerited treat-\\nment. It is dangerous, however, to provoke him too\\nfar, or to depend upon his temper with too great secu-\\nrity. Labat tells us of a gentleman who kept a Lion in\\nhis chamber, and employed a servant to attend it; who,\\nas is usual mixed his blows with caresses. This ili-\\njudged association continued for some time. One morn-", "height": "3933", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0218.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.. 201\\ning the gentleman was awakened by an unusual noise in\\nhis room, and, drawing his curtains, he perceived it to\\nproceed from the Lion, which was growling over the bo-\\ndy of the unhappy man, whom it had just killed, and had\\nseparated his head from his body. The terror and con-\\nfusion of the gentleman may be easily conceived: He\\nflew out of the room; and, with the assistance of some\\npeople, had the animal secured from doing further mis-\\nchief.\\nAs the passions of this animal are strong, and its appe-\\ntites vehement, v?e ought not to presume that the im^\\npressions of education will always be sufficiently power-\\nful. It must be dangerous therefore, to suffer it to re-\\nmain too long without food, or to persist in irritating\\nor abusing it.\\nHowever numberless accounts assure us, that the an-\\nger of the Lfion is noble, its courage magnanimous, and\\nits temper susceptible of grateful impressions. It has\\nbeen often seen to despise weak and contemptible ene-\\nmies, and even to pardor^ their insults, when it was \\\\tx\\nits power to punish them: It has been known to spare\\nthe life of an animal that was thrown to be devoured by\\nit, to live in habits of perfect cordiality with it, to share\\nits subsistence, and even to give it a preference where its\\nportion of food was scanty.\\nThe form of the Lion is strikingly bold and majestic:\\nHis large and shaggy mane, which he can erect at plea-\\nsure, surrounding his awful front; his huge eye-brows-\\nhis round and fiery eye-balls, which, upon the least irri-\\ntation, seem to glow with peculiar lustre; together with\\nthe formidable appearance of his teeth,\u00e2\u0080\u0094exhibit a picture\\nof terrific grandeur which no words can describe.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0219.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "202 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nThe length of the largest Lion is between eight and\\nnine feet, the tail about four, and its height about four\\nfeet and a half. The female is about one-fourth part less\\nand without the mane.\\nAs the Lion advances in years, its mane grows longer\\nand thicker. The hair on the rest of his body is short\\nand smooth, of a tawny colour but whitish on the belly.\\nThe roaring of the Lion is loud and dreadful When\\nheard in the night, it resembles distant thunder. Its cry\\nof anger is much louder and shorter.\\nThe Lion seldom attacks any animal openly, except\\nwhen compelled by extreme hunger; In that case, no\\ndanger deters him but as most animals endeavour to\\navoid him, he is obliged to have recourse to artifice, and\\nfake his prey by surprise. For this purpose, he crouches\\non his belly in some thicket, where he waits till his prey-\\napproaches 3 and then, with one prodigious spring, he\\nleaps upon it at the distance of fifteen or twenty feet,\\nand generally seizes it at the first bound. If he m.iss his\\nobject, he gives up the pursuit; and, turning back to-\\nwards the place of his ambush, he measures the ground\\nstep by step, and again lies in wait for another opportu-\\nnity.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The lurking place of the Lion is generally chosen\\nnear a spring, or by the side of a river; where he fre-\\nquently has an opportunity of catching such animals as\\ncome to quench their thirst.\\nThere are, however, instances where the Lion deviates\\nfrom his usual method of taking his prey, of which the\\nfollowing, related by Sparrman, is remarkable A Hot-\\ntentot, perceiving that he was followed by a Lion, and\\nconcluding that the animal only waited the approach of\\nuight to make him his prey, began to consider of the best", "height": "3933", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0220.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 203\\nmethod of providing for his safety, which he at length\\neffected in the following singular manner Observing a\\npiece of broken ground, with a precipitate descent on\\none side, he sat down by the edge of it and found, to\\nhis great joy, that the Lion also made a halt, and kept at\\nthe same distance as before. As soon as it grevir dark,\\nthe Hottentot, sliding gently forward, let himself down a\\nlittle below the edge of the hill, and held up his cloak\\nand hat upon his stick, making at the same time a gentle\\nmotion with it: The Lion, in the mean while, came\\ncreeping softly towards him, like a Cat; and mistaking\\nthe skin cloak for the man himself, made a spring, and\\nfell headlong down the precipice By which means, the\\npoor Hottentot w.as safely delivered from his insidious\\nenemy.\\nThat the Lion does not always kill whatever animal\\nhappens to be in his power, has already been observed\\nand thijS peculiarity in its temper is remarkably obvious,\\nwith regard to the human species. Of this there have\\nbeen many instances. At St. Catherine Creeps church,\\nLeadenhali-street, London, provision is made, under the\\nwill of Sir John Gager, who was lord-mayor in the year\\n1 646, for a sermon to be annually preached on the 16th\\nof November, in commemoration of his happy deliver-\\nance from a Lion, which he met in a desart as he was\\ntravelling in the Turkish dominions, and suffered him to\\npass unmolested. The minister is to have 20s. for the\\nsermon, the clerk 2s. 6d. and the sexton Is. The sum\\not Si 16s. 6d. is likewise to be distributed among the\\nnecessitous inhabitants, pursuant to the will of Sir John.\\nSparrman, among several instances of the same nature,\\nmentions a person who, though he was thrown down br", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0221.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "204 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\na Lion, and wounded by it in several places, was after\\nall generously left with life.\\nThe strength of this animal is great: One of them\\nv/as observed to seize a heifer, which it carried off in its\\nmouth with e^se, and leaped over a ditch without much\\napparent difficulty.\\nAt the Cape of Good Hope, the Lion is frequently\\nhunted by the colonists. In the day time, and upon an\\nopen plain, twelve or sixteen dogs will easily get the bet-\\nter of a jarge Lion. As the Lion is not remarkably\\nswift, the dogs soon come pretty near him; when, with\\na sullen kind of magnanimity, he turns round, and waits\\nfor the attack, shaking his mane^ and roaring with a short\\nand sharp tone. The hounds surround him and, rush-\\ning upon him all at once, soon tear him to pieces. It is\\nsaid, that he has seldom time to make more than two or\\nthree strokes with his paws each of which is attended\\nwith the death of one of his assailants.\\nThe IJoness goes with young five months, and brings\\nforth three or four at a time. The young ones are about\\nthe size of a large pug-dog, harmless, pretty, and playful.\\nThey continue at the teat twelve months, and are above\\nfive years in coming to perfection.\\nThe attachment of the Lioness to her young is re-\\nmarkably strong: For their support, she is more fero-\\ncious than the Lion himself, makes her incursions with\\ngreater boldness, destroys, without distinction, every ani-\\nmal that falls in her way, and carries it reeking to her\\ncubs.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 She usually brings forth in the most retired and\\ninaccessible places; and, when afraid of her retreat being\\ndiscovered, endeavours to hide her track, by brushing the\\nground with her tail. When much disturbed or alarm-", "height": "3933", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0222.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 205\\ned, she will sometimes transport her young from one\\nplace to another in her mouth and, if obstructed in her\\ncourse, will defend them to the last extremity.\\nThe Lion is a long lived animal, although naturalists\\nhave differed greatly as to the precise period of its ex-\\nistence. Buffon limits it to twenty, or twenty^two years\\nat most. It is however certain, that it lives much be-\\nyond that time. The great Lion, called Pompey, which\\ndied in the year 1760, was known to have hten in the\\nTower above seventy years and one, brought from the\\nriver Gambia, died there not long ago, at the age of six-\\nty-three. Several of these animals have been bred in the\\nTower: So that the time of their gestation^ the number\\nthey produce, and the time of their arriving at perfec-\\ntion, are all pretty well known.\\nThe flesh of the Lion is said to have a strong disagree-\\nable flavour^ yet it is frequently eaten by the negroes.\\nThe skin which w^as formerly a robe of distinction for\\nheroes, is now made use of by those people as a mantle\\nor a bed. They also preserve the grease, which is of a\\npenetrating nature, and is used in medicine.\\nThe representation we have given vv as drawn from a\\nremarkabie fine one, exhibited at Newcastle in the year\\n1788. It was then young, extremely healthful, active,\\nand ill full condition.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0223.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "^08\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE TIGER,\\n(Felis Tigris, Um.\u00e2\u0080\u0094Le ligre, BuW.J\\nIs the most rapacrous and destructive of all carnivorous\\nanimals. Fierce without provocation, and cruel without\\nnecessity, its thirst for blood is insatiable; Though glut-\\nted with slaughter, it continues its carnage, nor ever\\ngTves up so long as a single object remains in its sight\\nFlocks and herds fall indiscrinnnate victims to its fury:\\nIt fears neither the sight nor the opposition of man,\\nwhom it frequently makes its prey and it is even said\\nto prefer human flesh to that of any other animal.\\nThe Tiger is peculiar to Asia, and is found as far\\nNorth as China and Chinese Tartary It inhabits Mount\\nArarat and Hyrcania, of old famous for its wild beasts.\\nThe greatest numbers are met with in India and its\\nislands. They are the scourge of the country: They\\nlurk am*ong the bushes, by the sides of rivers, and aJ-", "height": "3933", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0224.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 207\\nmost depopulate many places. They seldom pursue their\\nprey, but bound upon it from the place of their ambush,\\nwith an elasticity, and from a distance, scarcely credible.\\nIt is highly probable that, from this circumstance, the\\nTiger may derive its name, which, in the Armenian lan-\\nguage, signifies an arrow; to the flight of which this\\ncreature may very properly be compared, in the quick-\\nness and agility of its bounds.\\nThe strength of this animal is so great, that, when it\\nhas killed a Deer or other animal, it carries it off with\\nsuch ease, that it seems no impediment to its flight. Jf\\nit be undisturbed, it plunges its head into the body of\\nthe animal up to its very eyes as if to satiate itself with\\nblood.\\nThe Tiger is one of the few animals whose ferocity\\ncan never be wholly subdued. Neither gentleness nor\\nconstraint has any effect in softening its temper* it does\\nnot seem sensible of the attention of it.s keeper; and\\nw^ould equally tear the hand that feeds, with that by\\nwhich it is chastised.\\nA beautiful young male Tiger, lately brought over\\nfrom China, in the Pitt East-lndiaman, at the age of ten\\nmonths, was so far domesticated, as to admit every kind\\nof familiarity from the people on board. It seemed to\\nbe quite harmless, and was as playful as a kitten. It\\nfrequently slept with the sailors in their hammocks, and\\nwould suffer two or three of them to repose their heads\\nupon its back, as upon a pillow, whilst it lay stretched\\nout upon the deck. In return for this, it would, howe-\\nver, now and then steal their meat. Having one day\\ntaken a piece of beef from the carpenter, he followed\\nthe animal, took the meat out of its mouth, and beat it", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0225.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "5208 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nseverely for the theft which punishment it suffered with\\nall the patience of a Dog. It would frequently run out\\non the bowsprit; climb about the ship likje a Cat; and\\nperform a number of tricks, with an agility that was\\ntruly astonishing. There was a Dog on board the ship,\\nwith which it would often play in the most diverting\\nmanner. From these circumstances, one might be led\\nto suppose, that the disposition of the Tiger, like that of\\nmany other animals, was capable of some degree of cul-\\nture. But it ought to be remembered, that at the time\\nthis one was taken on board the ship, it was only a\\nmonth or six weeks old; and when arrived in this coun-\\ntry, it had not quite compleated a year. How much\\nlonger its good-humour might have continued, it is im-\\npossible to say: But it is much to be doubted, that the\\nsame innocent playfulness would have formed a part of\\nits character when arrived at its full state of maturity.\\nNotwithstanding the cruelty of this creature s disposi-\\ntion, a sudden cheek has sometimes had a good effect in\\npreventing its meditated attack. Some ladies and gentle-\\nmen being on a party of pleasure, under a shade of trees,\\non the banks of a river in Bengal, were suddenly sur-\\nprised at seeing a Tiger ready to make its fatal spring:\\nOne of the ladies, with amazing presence of mind, laid\\nhold of an umbrella, and unfurling it directly in the ani-\\nmal s face, it instantly retired, Another party had not\\nthe same good fortune. A Tiger darted among them\\nwhilst they were at dinner, seized on a gentleman, and\\ncarried him off in the sight of his disconsolate compa-\\nnions.\\nThey attack all kinds of animals, even the Lion; and", "height": "3933", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0226.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 209\\nfurious combats have frequently been maintained be-\\ntween them, in which both have perished.\\nFather Tachard gives an account of a battle between\\na Tiger and two Elephants, at Siam; of which he was\\nan eye-witness. The heads and part of the trunks of\\nthe Elephants, were defended from the claws of the Ti-\\nger by a covering made for the purpose. They were\\nplaced in the midst of a large inclosure. One of them\\nwas suffered to approach the Tiger, which was confined\\nby cords, and received two or three heavy blows from\\nthe trunk of the Elephant upon its back, which beat it\\nto the ground, where it lay for some time as if it were\\ndead But, though this attack had a good deal abated its\\nfury, it was no sooner untied, than, with a horrible roar\\nit made a spring at the Elephant s trunk, which that ani-\\nmal dexterously avoided by drawing it up; and, receiving\\nthe Tiger on its tusks, threw it up into the air. The\\ntvv^o Elephants were then allowed to come up; and, after\\ngiving it several heavy blows, would undoubtedly have\\nkilled it, if an end had not been put to the combat.-\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nUnder such restraints and disadvantages, we cannot won-\\nder that the issue was unfavourable to the Tiger. We\\nmay, however by this judge of its great strength and\\nfierceness, that, after being disabled by the first attack\\nof the Elephant, whilst it was held by its cords, it would\\nventure to continue such an unequal engagement.\\nWe are happy in being able to present our curious\\nreaders with an engraving of this rare animal, drawn\\nfrom the life, from a Tiger that was exhibited at New-\\ncastle in 1787, and was generally allowed to be one of\\nthe finest creatures of its kind ever seen in England.\\nO", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0227.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "210 HISTORY OF (QUADRUPEDS,\\nThe beautiful bars of black with which every part of its\\nbvidy was streaked, are accurately copied The colour of\\nthe ground was yellow, deeper on the back, and soften-\\ning by degrees towards the belly, where it was white; as\\nwere also the throat and insides of the legs: A white\\nspace, spotted with black, surrounded each eye and on\\neach cheek, a stripe of the same colour extended from\\nthe ears to the throat. It was nearly the same height as\\nthe Lion, and was of the largest species of the Tiger,\\nwhich is called the Royal Tiger, The smallest of them is\\nnot above two feet high, said to be extremely cunning,\\nand delights in human flesh. The second kind is about\\nthree feet high, and is fond of Deer, Yvlid Hogs, c.\\nwhich it frequently takes by the side of rivers^ as they\\ncome down to quench their thirst.\\nThe skin of this animal is much esteemed all over the\\nEast, particularly in China, The Mandarins cover their\\nseats of justice with it; and, during the winter, use it\\nfor cushions and pillows.\\nWe have now described the two great heads of this\\nmischievous family, which are eminently distinguished\\nfrom the rest in size, strength, and colour.\\nThe three succeeding species have been frequently con-\\nfounded with each other; and, although there is some\\ndifference in their size, and in the disposition of their\\nspots, yet these have been so indiscriminately defined, as\\nto make it difficult to form a true criterion, so as accu-\\nrately to distinguish each species. Strikingly similar lu\\nthe form of their bodies, in the beauty of their skins as\\nwell as in their dispositions and habits, which seem to be\\nequally formed for rapine and cruelty, there is great", "height": "3933", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0228.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "History OF qua1)rupeds: 211\\ntoom to conjecture, that commixture may be one threat\\ncause of producing the slight differences observable in\\nthem. If we regard the figure and diversity of the spots,\\nwe shall find many varieties not taken notice of bv na-\\nturalists if we be led to judge by the size, we shall find\\nan almost imperceptible gradation fi om the Cat to the\\nTiger. It would be vain, therefore, to make as many\\nvarieties in these animals, as we see differences in spots\\nor stature: It will be sufficient to point oiit the most ge-\\nneral distinctions.\\nO 2", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0229.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "IS\\nHISTORY OF (QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE PAMTHER,\\nFclis Pardus^ Lin. La Funlhere, Buff.)^\\nIs next in size to the Tiger, and has, by many natural-\\nists, been mistaken for that animal. Its hair is short and\\nsmooth and, instead of being streaked like the Tiger, is\\nbeautifully marked on the back, sides, and flanks, with\\nblack spots, disposed in circles, from four to five in each\\nwith a single spot in the center; on the face, breast, and\\nlegs, the spots are single: The colour of the body on the\\nback and sides is yellow, deep on the back, and paler to-\\nwards the belly, which is white: Its ears are short and\\npointed; its eye is restless; and its whole aspect fierce\\nand cruel.\\nIt is an un tameable animal, and inhabits Africa, from\\nEarbary to the remotest parts of Guinea.\\nIts manner of taking its prey is the same with that of\\nthe Tiger,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 always by surprize, either lurking in thick-\\nets, cr creeping on its belly till it comes within reach.\\nWhen pressed with hunger, it attacks every living crea=", "height": "3933", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0230.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 213\\ntufe without distinction, but happily prefers the flesh of\\nbrutes to that of mankind It v;ill even climb up trees in\\npursuit of monkies and lesser animals^ so that nothing is\\nsecure from its attacks.\\nThe Panther is about the size of a large Mastiff T og^\\nbut its legs are not quite so long. Its voice is strong and\\nhoarse, and it growls continually.\\nThe ancients were well acquainted with these animals.\\nThe Romans drew prodigious numbers from the desart^.\\nof Africa, for their public shows sufficient, one might\\nsuppose, to have entirely exhausted them. Scaurus ex-\\nhibited an hundred and fifty of them at one time; Pom-\\npey four hundred and ten; and Augustus four hundred\\nand twenty. They probably thinned the coasts of Man-\\nritania of these animals; but they still swarm in the sou-\\nthern parts of Guinea.\\nIn China, there is a most beautiful animal of this kind,\\ncalled Loucliu, the skin of which sells for six pounds ster-\\nAn animal of this species is likewise found in Asiatic\\nTartary, called there the Babi\\\\ It is seven feet long, ex-\\ntremely rapacious, and very destructive of Horses and\\nCamels. Its skin is very fine, and valued in Russia at one\\npound sterling.\\nO 4", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0231.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "214\\nHISTORY GF QUADRUPES.\\nTHE LEOPARD,\\n(Le Leopard, Buff.)\\nThe v^ry trifling difference between this and the last-\\nmentioned animal gives reason to suppose^ that it consists\\nchiefly in the name. It inhabits the same countries; and\\nin some places goes by the same name, being called the\\nPanther of Senegal; and is chiefly found there. It is\\nmentioned by Ray as the female Paniher, but is rather\\nsmaller than that animal. Its length, from nose to tail,\\nis about four feet: The colour of the body is a more\\nlively yellov^^; and the spots WMth which it is diversified,\\nare smaller and closer than those of the Panther.\\nThe interior parts of Africa abound with these ani=\\nmals; from whence they come down in great numbers,\\nand make dreadful havock among the numerous herds\\nthat cover the plains of the Lower Guinea. When\\nbeasts of chace faif, they spare no living creature^", "height": "3933", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0232.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": ";hi$tory of quadrupeds. 215\\nThe negroes take them in pitfalls, sh ghtly covered at\\nthe top, and baited with flesh. Their chief inducement\\nfor pursuing them is their flesh, which they eat; and it is\\nsaid to be as white as veal, and well -tasted. The negres-\\nses make collars of their teeth, and wear them as charms.\\nThe skins of these animals are brought to Europe,\\nwhere they are greatly esteemed.\\nIn India, there is a species of Leopard about the size\\nof a large Greyhound, with a small head, and short ears:\\nIts face, chin, and threat, are of a pale-brow^n colour, in-\\n.clining to yellow; the body is of a light tawny-brown,\\nmarked with small round black spots, scattered over the\\nback, sides, head, and legs; the hair on the top of the\\nneck is longer than the rest; the belly is white; the tail\\nvery long, marked on the upper side with large black\\nspots.\\nThis is the animal, mentioned in our account of the\\nAntelope, which is made use of in India for hunting that\\nand other beasts of^ the chace. It is carried in a small\\nkind of waggon, chained and hoodwinked till it approach-\\nes the head; w^hen it is unchained, and suffered to pur-\\nsue the game. It begins by creeping along, with its bel-\\nly close to the ground, stopping and concealing itself till\\nit gets an advantageous situation it then darts on its\\nprey with great agility, frequently making five or six ama-\\nzing bounds. If it should not succeed in its first effort,\\nit gives up the point for that time, and readily returns to\\nks master.\\nP f", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0233.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "215\\nBJSTORY OF gUADRUFED^.\\nTHE GUjyCE,\\n(LOnce, Buft.)\\nts smaller than the Leopard, being three feet and a half\\nlong from the nose to the tail, very strong, long-backed^\\nand short legged. The hair is long, and of a light-gray\\ncolour, tinged with yellow^ lighter on the breast and\\nbelly The head is marked with small round spots Be-\\nhind each ear there is a large black spot: The back i\u00c2\u00abf\\nbeautifully varied with a number of oval figures, formed\\nby small spots almost touching each other; the spots on\\nthe sides are more irregular; those on the legs and thighs\\nsmall, and thinly dispersed: The tail is full of hair, irre-\\ngularly marked with large black spots, and upwards of\\nthree feet long.\\nIt is common in Barbary, Persia, and China; is much\\nmore gentle than the Leopard; and, like the Hunting-\\nLeopard, is sometim.es trained to the chase. Instead of\\nbeing conveyed in a waggon, it is carried on the crupper\\nof the Horse, is as rnxuch under comm.and as a Setting-\\nDog, returns at a call, and jumps up behind its master.", "height": "3933", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0234.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "KISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS.\\n271\\nThe scent of the Ounce is not so fine as that of the\\nP ig. It neither follows animals by their foot, nor is it\\nabie to overtake them in a continual chase It hunts\\nsolely by the eye, and makes only a few springs at its\\nprey. It is so nimble, as to clear a ditch or a wall of\\nmany feet. It often climbs trees to watch animals that\\nare passing, and suddenly darts upon them.\\nIt is supposed to be the Lesser P aiii her of Oppmn, and\\nthe Pant her a of Pliny.\\nTHE JAGUAR,\\n(Felis Onca, Lin. Le January Buff.)\\nIs the most formidable animal of the new continent, ra-\\nther larger than the Panther, with hair of a bright-tawny\\ncolour. The top of the back is marked with long stripes\\nof black; The sides beautifully variegated with irregular\\noblong spots, open in the middle the tail not so long as\\nthat of the Ounce, and irregularly marked with large\\nblack spots.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0235.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "SI 8 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS:\\nIt is found In the hottest parts of South-America is\\nvery fierce and, when pressed with hunger, will some-\\ntimes venture to seize a man.\\nThe Indians are much afraid of it, and think it prefers\\nthem to the white inhabitants, who, perhaps, are better\\nprepared to repel its attacks. In travelling through the\\ndesarts of Guiana, they light great fires in the night, of\\nv/hich these animals are much afraid.\\nThey howl dreadfully; their cry, which Is expressive\\n/)f the two monosyllables hou, hou, is somewhat plain-\\ntive, grave, and strong, like that of an Ox.\\nThe Ant-eater, though it has no teeth to defend itself\\nwith, is the most cruel enemy the Jaguar has to encoun-\\nter. As soon as the Jaguar attacks this little animal, it\\nlies down on its back, and, with its long claws, seizes\\nand suffocates him.", "height": "3933", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0236.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF OUADRUPEDS, \u00c2\u00a319\\nTHE COUGUAR,\\n(Felis Concolor, Lin.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Le Coiigiiar, Buff.)\\nInh AB ITS the continent of America, and is called by some\\nthe Puma, or American Lion but differs so much from\\nthat noble animal, as not to admit of any comparison.\u00e2\u0080\u0094-\\nIts head is small; it has no mane its length, from nose\\nto tail is five htt three inches; the tail two feet: The\\npredominant colour is a Uvely red, mixed with black;\\nespecially on the back, where it is darkest: Its chin,\\nthroat, and all the inferior parts of its body, are whitish:\\nIts legs are long claws white and the outer claw of\\nthe fore feet much longer than the others.\\nIt is found in many parts of North-America, from Ca-\\nnada to Florida: It is also common in Guiana, Brazil,\\nand Mexico.\\nIt is fierce and ravenous in the extreme, and will\\nswim rivers to attack cattle even in their inclosures. 1\\\\\\\\\\nNorth-America, its fury seems to be subdued by the ri-\\ngour of the climate, for it will (Iv from a Dosr in com-", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0237.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "2i20 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\npany with its master, and take shelter by running up u\\ntree.\\nIt is very destructive to domestic animals, particularly\\nto Hogs. It preys also upon the Moose and other Deer;\\nlies lurking upon the branch of a tree till some of these\\nanimals pass underneath, when it drops down upon one\\nof them, and never quits its hold till it has drunk its\\nblood. It will even attack beasts of prey. In the Mu-\\nseum of the Royal Society is preserved the skin of one of\\nthese animals, which was shot just as it had seized a\\nWolf.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 When satisfied with eating, it conceals the rest\\nof the carcase, covering it carefully with leaves,- It\\npurrs like a Cat, and sometimes howls dreadfully.\\nThe fur is soft, and is used by the Indians for a win-\\nter habit; when dressed, it is made into gloves and shoes.\\nThe flesh is white, and, by the natives, reckoned excel-\\nlent food.\\nThe Couguar, when brought into captivity, is almost\\nas gentle as the domestic Cat, allows itself to be caressed\\nand will permit boys to mount on its back. It is some-\\ntimes called the Poltron Tiger,", "height": "3933", "width": "2220", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0238.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. \u00c2\u00a921\\nTHE BLACK-TIGER,\\n(Le Cougar noir, Buff.)\\nDiffers from the former chiefly in the colour, which is\\ndusky, sometimes spotted with black, but generally plain.\\nThe throat, belly, and inside of the legs, are of a pale-\\nash colour; the upper lip white, covered with long whis-\\nkers Above each eye it has very long hairs and at the\\ncorner of the mouth a black spot: Its paws are white;\\nand its ears are sharp and pointed.\\nIt grows to the size of a heifer of a year old, and has\\ngreat strength in its limbs.\\nIt inhabits Brazil and Guiana, is a cruel and fierce\\nanimal, much dreaded by the Indians; but fortunately\\nthe species is not numerous.\\nM. de la Borde, in his description of these animals,\\nsays, that they frequent the sea shore, and eat the eggs\\ndeposited there by the turtles. They likewise eat cai-\\nmans or alligators, lizards, and fishes, and sometimes", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0239.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "22^ HISTORY OF OUADRUPEDSc.\\nthe buds and tender leaves of the Indian fig. ^They are\\nexcellent swimmers. In order to catch the alligator,\\nthey lie down on their belly at the edge of the river,\\nstrike the water to make a noise, and as soon as the alli-\\ngator raises its head above the water, dart their claws in-\\nto its eyes, and drag it on shore.\\nTHE OCELOT.\\n(Fells Fardalisy Um.\u00e2\u0080\u0094L! Ocelot, BufT.)\\nThe skin of the male Ocelot is extremely beautiful,\\nand most elegantly variegated. Its general colour is that\\nof a bright-tawny a black stripe extends along the top\\nof the back, from head to tail^ its forehead is spotted\\nwith black, as are also its legs; Its shoulders, sides, and\\nrump are beautifully marbled with long stripes of black,\\nforming oval figures, filled in the middle with small\\nblack spots; its tail is irregularly marked with large\\nspots, and black at the end. The colours of the female\\nare not so vivid as those of the male; neither is it so\\nbeautifully marked.", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0240.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS. 223\\nThe Ocelot very much resembles the common Cat in\\nthe form of its body, although it is a great deal larger.\\nBufFon makes its height two feet and a half^ and about\\nfour feet in length.\\nIt is a native of South- America, inhabits Mexico and\\nBrazil, is very voracious, but timid, and seldom attacks\\nmen. It is afraid of Do-gs; and when pursued, flies ta\\nthe woods.\\nIt lives chiefly in the mountains, and conceals itself\\namongst the leaves of trees; from whence it darts upon\\nsuch animals as come within its reach. It sometimes ex-\\ntends itself along the boughs, as if it were dead, till the\\nmonkies, tempted by their natural curiosity, approach\\nwithin its reach. It is said to prefer the blood of ani-\\nmals to their flesh.\\nThe Ocelot cannot easily be tamed, and retains its ori-\\nginal wildness in a state of captivity. Nothing can soften\\nthe natural ferocity of its disposition, nor calm the rest-\\nlessness of its motions. For this reason, it is always kept\\nin a cBge. One of these animals, shewn at Newcastle\\nin 1788, although extremely old, exhibited great marks\\nof ferocity. It was kept closely confined, and would not\\nadmit of being caressed by its keeper in the same manner\\nas the Lion; but growled constantly, and always appear-\\ned in motion.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A male and female Ocelot were brought\\nto France some years ago, Vv^hich had been taken when\\nvery young. At the age of three months, they became\\nso strong and fierce, as to kill a bitch that was given\\nthem for a nurse. When a live Cat was thrown to\\nthem, they sucked its blood, but would not taste its flesh.\\nThe male seemed to have a great superiority over the fe-", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0241.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "^^4 HISTORY OF gUADRUPKDS.\\nmale, as he never allowed her to partake till his own ap-\\npetite was satisfied.\\nThe female Ocelot, like all the larger animals of the\\nCat kind, produces a small number at a time. The two\\nabove-mentioned were the only young ones found with\\nthe mother, which was killed at the time they were ta-\\nken, and makes it probable, that they bring forth only\\nthat number.\\nTHE MARGAT,\\n(Le Mar gay Buff.)\\nIs another beautiful animal of the spotted tribe, and\\nknown in many places by the name of the Tiger Cat.\\nThe ground colour of the body is tawny; the face is\\nstriped with black; the body is marked with stripes and\\nlarge spots of black the breast and insides of the legs\\nare white, spotted with black; the tail is long, marked\\nwith alternate spots of black, tawny, and gray.\\nTheMargay is smaller than the Ocelot, and about the\\nsize of the Wild Cat, which it resembles in disposition", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0242.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 225\\nand habits, living on small animals, birds, c. It is very\\nwild, and cannot easily be brought under subjection.\\nIts colours vary, though they are generally such as\\nhave been described.\\nIt is common in Guiana, Brazil, and various parts of\\nSouth-America.\\nIt is called the Cayenne Cat^ and is not so frequent in\\ntemperate as in v^arm climates.\\nIn taking a survey of this beautiful race of animals, we\\nare unavoidably led to observe, that much remains for\\nthe laborious researches of the natural historian, before a\\ncomplete account can be made out of the various kinds\\nof which it is composed. Several species are frequently\\nfound in the East Indies, in the woods near the Cape of\\nGood Hope, and on the continent of America; but in\\ngeneral these have been so negligently or so injudiciously\\nmentioned, as to render it impossible to form a perfect\\ndescription of them. A good history of these animals\\nis one of the many desiderata of the naturalist; but when\\nwe consider the great distance which most of this fero-\\ncious tribe observe in their separation from mankind, and\\nthe dangers that must be encountered in approaching\\ntheir solitary habitations, we are obliged to lament that\\nthis desirable object is not likely to be soon accomplished.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0243.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "2%6\\nHISTORY OF -^^R^-PE^S-\\nTHE SEKVAL,\\n(Le Sercal, Buff.)\\nInhabits the mountainous parts of India, and is called\\nby the natives oi Maiabar, the MarapiUc. It is larger\\nthan the Wild-Cat Its general colour is a pale yellow;\\nwhite on the breast and belly variegated with round\\nspots, which are equally distributed over every part of it.a\\nbody: Its eyes are extremely brilliant, and have a wild,\\npiercing look, its whiskers are long and stiff; its tail\\nshort; and its feet are armed with long hooked claws.\\nIt is seldom to be seen upon the ground but L ves\\nchiefly in trees, where it makes its nest, ai^d breeds its\\nyoung. It feeds on young birds, and leaps with great\\nagility from tree to tree. It is extremely fierce; but a-\\nvoids mankind, unless provoked; when it darts furiously\\nupon the offender, and tears and bites nearly in the same\\nmanner as the Panther.", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0244.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n227\\nSparrman mentions an animal of this kind, found at\\nthe Cape of Good Hope, which he calls the Tv^a- Cat,\\nand supposes it to be the same with the Serval.\\nThe same author mentions another animal of this kind\\ncalled at the Cape the Wild Rtcl Cat; the skin of which\\nis supposed by the natives to possess great medicinal\\npowers^ and give ease to persons afflicted with the gout,\\nlumbago, and pains in the joints. The fur is very fine\\nand softj and, probably, there are many other skins\\nwhich, if applied with an equal degree of good faith,\\nmight have the same salutary eilects.\\nThe colour of the upper part of this creature is of a\\nvery bright-red; towards the sides it is mixed with white\\nand gray; the belly is white; the upper part of the ears,\\nwhich have tufts of hair on their tips, is dark-brown,\\nsprinkled with gray. Its body is long, and about two\\nfeet in height.\\n^;^\\\\^v^/", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0245.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "22\u00c2\u00a7\\nHISTOJIY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE WILD-CAT.\\n{Fdis Catus. Lin. Le Chat sanvage. Buff.)\\nTpie history of this animal is so intimately connected\\nwith that of the common or domestic kind, that we shall\\ninclude our account of both under one general head, and\\ndescribe them as constituting the same species.\\nThe domestic Cat, if suffered to escape into the woods,\\nbecomes wild and lives on small birds and such other\\ngame as it can find there it likewise breeds with the\\nwild one. It is no uncommon thing for females of the\\ntame species to quit their houses during the time they are\\nin season, go in quest of male Wild-Cats, and retu^ u\\nto the same habitations impregnated by them. It is by\\nthis means that some of our domestic Cats so perfectly\\nresemble those of the wild breed.\\nThe hair of the Wild-cat is soft and fine, of a pale-\\nyellow colour, mixed with gray; a dusky list runs along\\nthe middle of the back, from head to tail the sides are\\nstreaked with gray, pointing from the back downwards\\nthe tail isthick^ and marked with alternate bars of black", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0246.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUAPRUPEDS. 229\\nand white. It is larger and stronger than the tame Cat,\\nand its fur much longer.\\nIt inhabits the most mountainous and woody parts of\\nthis island^ lives in trees and hunts for birds and small\\nanimals; such as Rabbits, Hares, Rats, Mice, Moles, c^\\nIt frequently makes great havock among poultry, will\\neven kill young Lambs, Kids, and Fawns; and is the\\nfiercest and most destructive beast of prey in this king-\\ndom.\\nIt is taken either in traps or by shooting. There is\\nfrequently danger in the latter mode; for, if it be only\\nslightly wounded, it will attack the person v/ho has in-\\njured it, and is not easily repelled.\\nWild-Cats are found, with very little variety, in almost\\nevery climate. They existed in America before its disco-\\nvery by the Europeans. One of them was brought to\\nColumbus, which was of the ordinary size, of a brown-\\nish-gray colour, with a long tail. They are common in\\nmany places of Asia and Africa. Sparrman gives a de-\\nscription of one which he shot at the Cape, which was in\\nevery respect similar to those of this country. It was of\\na gray colour; and measured from the nose to the tail,\\nnearly twenty-two inches The tail was thirteen inches\\nlong Its height was about a foot and a half. Its intes-\\ntines were full of Moles and Rats.\\nSome Wild-Cats have been taken in this kingdom of a\\nmost enormous size. We recollect one having been kil-\\nled in the county of Cumberland, which measured, from\\nits nose to the end of its tail, upv^^ards of five feet.\\nThe province of Chorazan, in Persia, is particularly\\nfamous tor a most beautiful Cat, about the size of the\\nV 3", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0247.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0080\u00a2SO\\nHistory of quadrupeds.\\ntame one, of a fine gray colour, without any mixture^\\nand as soft and shining as silk. It is darker on the back,\\nsoftening by degsees towards the breast and belly, where\\nit is almost white. The tail is long, and covered with\\nhair, five or six inches in length. The animal frequent-\\nly turns it upon its back, like a Squirrel j the point of it\\nresembling a plume of feathers.\\nThe Cat of Angora differs greatly from the Wild-Cat,\\nm having m.uch longer hair, especially about the neck,\\nwhere it forms a fine ruff, and gives it a Lion-like appear-\\nance. Some of these are of a silvery whiteness, and silky\\ntexture^ others are of a dun colour, mixed with yellow.", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0248.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "HISrOliy OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nssx\\niSUimHIUiUiKIUnHM\\nTHE DOMESTIC CAT,\\nDiffers from the Wild-Cat, in. being somewhat less;\\nand, instead of being uniformly the same, is distinguish-\\ned by a great variety of shades and colouring.\\nTo describe an animal so well known, might seem a\\nsuperfluous task: we shall only, therefore, select such of\\nits peculiarities as are least obvious, and may have esca-\\nped the notice of inattentive observers.\\nIt is generally remarked, that Cats can see in the dark;\\nbut, though this is not absolutely the case, yet it is cer-\\ntain that they can see with much less light than most\\nother animals, owing to the peculiar structure of their\\neyes, the pupils of which are capable of being contracted\\nor dilated in proportion to the degree of light by which\\nthey are affected. The pupil of ihe Cat, during the day\\nis perpetually contracted; and it is wiih difficulty that it\\ncan see by a strong light: Hut in the twilight, the pupil\\nV 4", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0249.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "tSt HISTCRY OP Qt^ADRUpEDS.\\nresumes its natural roundness, the animal enjoys perfect\\nvision, and takes advantage of this superiority to discover\\nand surprise its prey.\\nThe cry of the Cat is loud, piercing, and clamorous;\\nand whether expressive of anger or of love, is equally vio-\\nlent and hideous. Its call may be heard at a great dis-\\ntance, and is so well known to the whole fraternity,\\nthat on some occasions several hundred Cats have been\\nbrought together from different parts. Invited by the\\npiercing cries of distress from a suffering fellow-creature\\nthey assemble in crowds; and, with loud squalls and\\nyells, express their horrid sympathies. They frequently\\ntear the miserable object to pieces, and, with the most\\nblind and furious rage, fall upon each other, killing and\\nw^ounding indiscriminately, till there is scarcely one left.\\nThese terrible conflicts happen only in the night; and_,\\nthough rare, instances of vtry furious engagements are.\\nwell authenticated.\\nThe Cat is particular averse to water, cold, and bad\\nsmells. It is fond of certain perfumes, but is more par*\\nticularly attracted by the smell of valerian, marum, and\\ncat-mint: It ribs itself against them; and, if not pre-\\nvented from coming at them in a garden where they are\\nplanted, would infallibly destroy the rn.\\nThe Cat brings forth twice, and sometimes thrice, a\\nyear. The period of her gestation is fifty-five or fifty-six\\ndays, and she generally produces five or six at one litter.\\nShe conceals her kittens from the male, lest he should\\ndevour them, as he is somet ^mes inclined and, if appre-\\nhensive of being disturbed, will take them up in her\\nmonth, and remove them one by one to a more secure\\nretreat: Even the female herself contrary to to the esta-", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0250.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "HISTORY or gUADRirpEDS, 23S\\nblished law of Nature, which binds the parent to its off-\\nspring by an almost indissoluble tie, is sometimes known\\nto eat her own young the moment after she has produced\\nthem.\\nThough extremely useful in destroying the vermin that\\ninfest our houses, the Cat seems little attached to the\\npersons of those who aflFord it protection. It seems to be\\nunder no subjection, and acts only for itself. All its\\nviews are confined to the place where it has been brought\\nup 5 if carried elsewhere, it seems lost and bewildered:\\nNeither carresses nor attention can reconcile it to its new\\nsituation, and it frequently takes the first opportunity of\\nescaping to its former haunts. Frequent instances are\\nin our recollection, of Cats having returned to the place\\nfrom whence they had been carried, though at many\\nmiles distance, and even across rivers, when they could\\nnot possibly have any knowledge of the road or situation\\nthat would apparently lead them to it. ^This extraordina-\\nry faculty is, however, possessed in a much greater de-\\ngree by Dogs; yet it is in both animals equally wonder-\\nful and unaccountable.\\nIn the time of Hoel the Good, King of Wales, who\\ndied in the year 948, laws were made as well to pre-\\nserve, as to fix the difierent prices of animals; among\\nwhich the Cat was included, as being at that period of\\ngreat importance, on account of its scarceness and utility.\\nThe price of a kitten before it could see was fixed at one\\npenny; till proof could be given of its having caught a\\nmouse, two-pence after which it was rated at four-\\npence, which was a great sum in those days, when the\\nvalue of specie was extremely high It was likewise re-\\nquired, that it should be perfect of its senses of hearing", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0251.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "234\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nand seeing, should be a good mouser, have its claws\\n^hole, and, if a female, be a careful nurse If it failed\\nin any of these good qualities, the seller was to forfeit to\\nthe buyer the third part of its value. If any one should\\nsteal or kill the Cat that guarded the Princess granary, he\\nwas either to forfeit a milch ewe, her fleece and lamb,\\nor as much wheat as, when poured on the Cat suspended\\nby its tail (its head touching the floor), would form a\\nheap high enough to cover the tip of the former. From\\nhence we may conclude, that Cats were not originally\\nnatives of these islands and, from the great care taken\\nto improve and preserve the breed of this prolific creature,\\nwe may suppose, were but little known at that period.\\nWhatever credit we may allow to the circumstances of\\nthe well-known story of Whittington and his Cat it is\\nanother proof of the great value set upon this animaJ in\\nformer times.", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0252.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF 2UADRUPED\u00c2\u00a7.\\n^3^\\nTHE LYMX,\\n(Felis LynXy Lin. Le Lynx, ou Loii^p Cervier, Buff.)\\nDiffers greatly from every animal of the Cat kind we\\nhave hitherto described. It^ ears are long and erect,\\ntufted at the end with long black hairs, by which this\\nspecies of animals is peculiarly distinguished The hair\\non the body is long and soft, of a red-ash colour, marked\\nwith dusky spots, which differ according to the age of\\nthe creature sometimes they are scarcely visible Its\\nlegs and feet are very thick and strong its tail short,\\nand black at the extremity; its eyes are of a pale-yellow\\ncolour and its aspect softer and less ferocious than that\\nof the Pantheror the Ounce. The skin of the male is\\nmore spotted than that of the female.\\nThe fur is valuable for its softness and warmth, and is\\nimported in great quanties from America and the North\\nof Europe. The farther North they are taken, the whi-\\nter they are, and the spots more distinct. The most ele-", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0253.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "236 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\ngant of those is called the Irhys and is taken near Lake\\nBalkash, in Usbeck Tartary. It is much larger than the\\ncommon kind. Its skin sells in that country, for one\\npound sterling.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The colour of its hair changes with the\\nclimate and the season. The winter furs are richer and\\nmore beautiful than those taken in summer.\\nThe Lynx is said to be very long-lived, is a very de-\\nstructive animal, lives by hunting, and pursues its prey\\nto the tops of the highest trees. It feeds on Weasels,\\nErmines, Squirrels, c. which are unable to escape it.\\nIt watches the approach of the Fallow-deer, Hare and\\nother animals, and darts upon them from the branches\\nof trees, where it lies concealed; and seizes them by the\\nthroat, and drinks their blood after which, it abandons\\nthem, and goes in quest of fresh game. Its sight is re-\\nmarkable quick, and it sees its prey at a great distance,\\nIt often eats no more of a Sheep or a Goat than the\\nbrain, the liver, and the intestines. It will sometimes\\ndig under the doors to gain admission into the sheepfold.\\nWhen attacked by a Dog, it lies down on its back,\\nstrikes desperately with its claws, and frequently obliges\\nits assailant to retreat.\\nAlthough the Lynx has nothing in common with the\\nWolf, it has been distinguished by the name of Lupus-\\nCervarhis, or the Stag-Wolf. Its manner of howling is\\nsimilar to that of the Wolf; and when heard at a dis-\\ntance, is not easily distinguished from the cry of that ani-\\nmal. The epithet Cervarius has been added, because its\\nskin is variegated with spots like that of a young Stag.\\nA variety is found in the inner parts of the state\\nof New-York, which is called the Bay LynXy and is a-\\nbout twice the size of a lar^e Cat, Its h^ir is short and", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0254.jp2"}, "253": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 237\\nsmooth; its general colour is a bright-bay, obscurely\\nmarked with dusky spots on its face there are black\\nstripes, pointing downward towards the nose on each\\nside of the upper lip it has three rows of small black\\nspots, with long whiskers issuing from them each cheek\\nis marked with long black stripes, of a circular form,\\nproceeding from the corners of the eyes the under part\\nof the body, and insides of the legs, are w^hite; the in-\\nside of each fore leg is marked on the upper part with\\ntwo black bars its tail, which is short, is marked with\\nbars of a dusky colour, and at the end with one of a\\ndeep-black; the tip and under side are white.\\nThe Lynxes of our days must be very different animals\\nfrom those which have been described by poets as draw-\\ning the chariot of Bacchus; for, besides the impractica-\\nbility of training these animals to the yoke, we find that\\nthe Lynx is not an inhabitant of India, nor of any of the\\nwarmer countries of Asia conquered by that hero. It\\nprefers cold to even temperate climates, and is common\\nin the forests of the northern parts ot Europe, Asia, and\\nAmerica.\\nThe ancients seem to have given the name o^ Lynx io\\nan animal which existed only in imagination, and maybe\\nranked with the other ideal monsters and prodigies,\\nthe Sphynx, the Pegasus, and the Unicorn. Its sight\\nwas said to penetrate the most opaque bodies, and its\\nurine to be converted into a precious stone.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0255.jp2"}, "254": {"fulltext": "\u00c2\u00a35\u00c2\u00ab\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE CARACAL,\\n(Le Caracal, BufF,)\\nResembles the Lynx in size, figure, and aspect, as well\\nas in having its ears tipt with a pencil of black hairs. It\\ndiffers from the last-mentioned animal in not being spot-\\nted 5 its hair is rougher, and of a pale reddish-brown iis\\ntail is longer, and of an uniform colour; its face is more\\nlengthened, its look more fierce, and its nature and dis-\\nposition more savage.\\nThis animal is found only in warm climates, and h\\neommon in Persia, India, Barbary, and in all the coun-\\ntries inhabited by the Lion, the Panther, and the Ounce;\\n-^It is called in Persia the Syak^Gushj and in the Turk-\\nish language, t;ie K irrah-Kula i. Both these names sig-\\nnify the Cat zvith black ears. Ix. is said to follow the\\nLion, and to feed on the remains which that animal", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0256.jp2"}, "255": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 259\\nleaves of his prey for which reason it is called among\\nthe Arabs the Lions Guide,\\nThe Caracal is about the size of a Fox, but much\\nstronger, and more ferocious. It has been known to at-\\ntack a Hound^ and instantly tear it to pieces.\\nThis animal is extremely difficult to tame; but when\\ntaken young, and reared with great caution, it may be\\ntrained to the chase. It is used in taking the smaller\\nsort of animals, in which it is very successful; but it is\\nactive only in the pursuit of those that are too fc^eble for\\nresistance, or too timid to exert their powers. When-\\never it meets with one that is superior to it in strength, it\\nioses its courage, and gives up the chase. It is likewise\\nemployed in catching birds such as cranes, pelicans,\\npeacocks, c. which it surprises with singular address.\\nWhen ir has seized its prey, it holds it fast in its mouthy\\nand lies upon it for some time quite motionless.\\nThere are some varieties in this animal. The face of\\nthe Nubian Caracal is rounder; the ears black on the\\noutside, interspersed with silver-coloured hairs on. the\\nbreast, belly, and insides of the thighs, there are small\\nbright-yellow spots and it has the Mule-cross on the\\nwithers, like most of the Barbary Caracals.\\nIn Lybia, there are Caracals with white ears, tufted\\nat the end with thin black hairs: They have w^hite tails^\\nthe extremities of which are surrounded with four black\\nrings; and on the hind part of each leg there are four\\nblack spots. They are small, not exceeding the size of a\\ndomestic Cat.\\nWe have now gone through all the principal varieties,\\nwhich constitute this numerous race; in all ot which, a^i\\nlias been alrcadv observed, from the Lion to the common", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0257.jp2"}, "256": {"fulltext": "240 HISTORY OF JUADRUPEDS.\\nCat, we may perceive a striking similitude in rlispositioflf\\nform, and manners. This agreement is likewise observa-\\nble in their internal con^orir.at ion, which is still more ex-\\nact, ^in the shortness of their intestines, the sharpness\\nand number of their teeth, and in the structure of their\\nfeet and claws. They are all equally carnivorous; and\\ntear, rather than chew their meat. They eat slowly, and\\ngrowl whilst they feed, as if afraid of losing their prey.\\nThey are all cowardly, and seldom make an attack but\\nwhere conquest is certain.\\nAnimals of this race may be considered as the most\\nformidable enemies of mankind. There are others more\\npowerful, but their dispositions are milder, and they\\nseldom offend till they find themselves injured: Others\\nare more numerous, but they are weaker, and find their\\nsafety not in opposing, but in flying from man. These\\nare the only quadrupeds that in any degree make good\\ntheir ground against him, and maintain a kind of divided\\nsway over many fair and fertile tracts, that seem, in other\\nrespects, formed for the comfort and convenience of so-\\ncial life.", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0258.jp2"}, "257": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS. 24l\\nAMIMALS OF THE WEASEL Kl^TD.\\nThese little, active, and enterprising animals are par*\\nticularly distinguished from other carnivorous kinds by\\nthe length and slenderness of their bodies, which are ad-\\nmirably adapted to their manner of living, and methods\\nof taking their prey. They are so small and flexible, as\\nto wind like worms into very small crevices and open-\\nings whither they easily follow the little animals that\\nserve them for food.\\nAll the animals of this kind are furnished with small\\nglands, placed near the anus, from which an unctuous\\nmatter continually exudes: The eifluvia of it is extreme-\\nly offensive in the Polecat, Ferret, Weasel, :c. but in\\nthe Civet Cat, Martin, and Fine Weasel, it is an agree-\\nable perfume. they are all equally marked for rapine\\nand cruelty; they subsist only by theft, and find their\\nchief protection in their minuteness. They are all, from\\nthe shortness of their legs, slow in pursuit; and make up\\nthat deficiency by patience, assiduity, and cunxiing.\\nAs their prey is precarious, they can live a long time\\nwithout food. When they fail in with plenty, they im-\\nmediately kill every thing within their reach; before they\\nbegin to satisfy their appetite and always suck the blood\\nof every animal they kill, before they eat Its flesh.\\nThese are the principal peculiarities common to this\\nkind; all the species of which have so striking a resem*\\nblance to each other, that having seen one, we may form\\na very just idea of the rest.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 -The most obvious ditfercnce\\nconsists in their size. W^e i^hall therefore begin with the\\nsmallest of this numcicous class, and proceed gradually\\nU jwards to the iaireit.\\na", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0259.jp2"}, "258": {"fulltext": "242\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE WEASEL.\\n(MusPtia Kivalis, Um.\u00e2\u0080\u0094La Bdclle, Buff.)\\nThe length of this animal does not exceed seven\\ninches, from the ncse to the tail, which is onJy two\\ninches and a half Jong, and ends in a point: its height\\nis not above two inches and a half; so that it is nearly\\nfive times as long as it is high.\\nThe most prevailing colour of the Weasel is a pale\\nreddish-brown on the back, sides, and k^gs the throat\\nand beilv are vchite; beneath the corners of the mouth,\\non each jaw, is a spot oF brown. It has whiskers, like a\\nCat: Its ears are large, and have a fold at the lowxr\\npart, that gives them the appearance of being doable\\nits eyes are small, round, and black; its teeth are thirty-\\ntwo in number, and extremely sharp.\\nThe Weasel is very common, and well knovi^n in most\\nparts of this country; is very destructive to young birds,\\npoultry, rabbits, and is a keen devourer of eggs,\\nwhich it sucks with great avidity. It will follow^ a Hare,\\nwhich is terrified into a state of absolute imbecility at the", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0260.jp2"}, "259": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 243\\nsight of this little animal, and gives itself up to it with-\\nout resistance^ making at the same time the most piteous\\noutcries.\\nThe bite of the Weasel is generally fatal. It seizes its\\nprey near the head, and fixes its sharp teeth into a vital\\npart. A Hare, Rabbit, or any other small animal, bit in\\nthis manner, is never known to recover; but lingers for\\nsome time, and dies. The wound is so small, that the\\nplace where the teeth enter can scarcely be perceived.\\nIt is remarkably active, and will run up the sides of a\\nWall with such facility, that no place is secure from it.\\nThe Weasel is very useful to the farmer, and is much\\nencouraged by him. During winter it frequents his barns,\\nout-houses and granaries; which it effectually clears of\\nRats and Mice. It is, indeed, a more deadly eiiemy to\\nthem than even the Cat itself; for being more active\\nand slender, it pursues them into their holes and kills\\nthem after a short resistance. It creeps also into pigeon\\nholes, and destroys the young ones; catches sparrows,\\nand all kinds of small birds and when it has brought\\nforth its young, it hunts with still greater boldness and\\navidity. In summer, it ventures at a distance from its\\nusual haunts is frequently found by the side of waters,\\nnear corn-mills; and is almost sure to follow wherever a\\nswarm of rats has taken possession cf any place.\\nThe evening is the time when it begins its depreda-\\ntions. Towards the close of the day it may frequently\\nbe seen stealing from its hole, and creeping about the\\nfarmer s yard in search oFits prey. If it enter the place\\nwhere poultry are kept, it seldom attacks the cocks or\\nthe old hens, but always aims at the young ones. It", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0261.jp2"}, "260": {"fulltext": "244 HISTORY OF Q^V AVKVTEDS.\\ndoes not eat its prey on the spot where it has killed it\\nbut, where it is not too large, carries it away to its re-\\ntreat. It also breaks and sucks all the eggs it can meet\\nwith and, not unfrequently, kills the hen that attempts\\nto defend them.\\nThe Weasel is a wild and untractable little animal.\\nWhen kept in a cage, it seems in a continual state of\\nagitation, is terrified at the sight of every person that\\napproaches to look at it, and hides itself in the wool or\\nhay which is given to it for that purpose.\\nIt conveys all its food to its hiding-place, and will not\\ntouch it till it begin to putrefy. It passes the greatest\\npart of the day in sleeping, and usually employs the night\\nin exercise and eating.\\nThe female brings forth in the spring, and generally\\nproduces four or five at one litter. She prepares a bed\\nfor them, of straw, leaves, and moss. The young are\\nbrought forth blind, but very soon acquire strength\\nenough to follow their dam, and assist in her excuri^ions.\\nThey will attack serpents, water-rats, moles, field-mice,\\nfee; They overrun the meadows, and frequently kill\\nthe partridges, and suck their ^ggs.\\nThe motion of the Weasel consists of unequal and pre-\\ncipitant leaps; and, in climbing a tree. It makes a consi-\\nderable spring of some f^et from the ground. It jumps\\nin the same manner upon its prey and being extremely\\nlimber, evades the attempts of much stronger animals to\\nseize it.\\nWe are told, that an eagle having seized a Weasel,\\nmounted into the air with it, aiid was soon after observed\\nto be in great distress. Its little enemy had extricated it-\\nself so tar, as to be able to bite it severely in the throat;", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0262.jp2"}, "261": {"fulltext": "JHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 245\\nVvhich presently brought the eagle to the ground, and\\ngave the Weasel an opportunity of escaping.\\nNotwithstanding the wildness of its nature, there are\\nnot wanting instances to prove, that it is capable of being\\nthoroughly tamed. M. Baffon, who asserted the impossi-\\nbility of bringing the Weasel into any degree of subjec-\\ntion, is afterwards corrected by a iady, who assures him,\\nthat she had tried the experiment upon a young Weasel\\ntaken in her garden; which soon learned to recognise\\nand lick the hand from which it received its food, and\\nbecame as familiar, caressing, and frolicsome as a Dog or\\na Squirrel. The same author mentions another experi-\\nment, made by a gentleman, who trained a young Wea-\\nsel so completely, that it followed him wherever he went.\\nThe method of taming them is to stroke them gently\\nover the back, and to threaten, and even to beat them,\\nwhen they bite.\\nThese facts may serve to shew the possibility of render-\\ning this animal domestic; and hold cut a useful hint to\\nus, that its services might be very great in clearing ships,\\ngranaries, and other places, from the vermin with which\\nthey are frequently infected For it is very well known,\\nthat one of these animals will kill more rats and mice\\nthan any Cat, being better able to pursue them into their\\nholes and lurking-places.\\nThe odour of the AVeasel is very strong, especially in\\nthe summer time, or when it is irritated or pursued it is\\nthen intolerable, and may be smelt at some distance.\\nThe foliovving circumstance, related by Buffon, will\\nshew that this animal has a natural attachment to every\\nthing that is corrupt ;-~A Weasel was taken in his ncigU-\\nQ", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0263.jp2"}, "262": {"fulltext": "246 HISTORY or 5UADRUPEDS.\\nbourhoood, with three young ones, out of the carcase of a\\nWolf that had been hung on a tree by the hind feet.\\nThe Wolf was almost entirely putrefied; and the Weasel\\nhad made a nest of leaves and herbage for her young in\\nthe thorax of the putrid carcase.\\nTHE STOAT.\\n(Miistela Erminea^ Lin. Le Rosekty BufF.)\\nThe difference in shape between this animal and the\\nWeasel is so small, that they have frequently been de-\\nscribed under the same denomination the small Stoat\\nbeing sometimes mistaken for a Weasel.\\nIts length is about ten inches; the tail five inches and\\na half, very hairy, and tipt with black at the end the\\nedges, of the ears, and ends of the toes, are of a yellow-\\nish-white In other respects, it perfectly resembles the\\nWeasel in colour as well as form.", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0264.jp2"}, "263": {"fulltext": "HISTOIIY OF (QUADRUPEDS- 247\\nIn the most northern parts of Europe, it regularly\\nchanges its colour in winter, and becoines perfectly\\nwhite, except the end of the tail, which remains inva-\\nriably black. It is then called the Ermine^ and is much\\nsought after for its valuable fur, which makes a consider-\\nable article of commerce in Norway, Lipland, Russia,\\nand other cold countries where it is found in prodigious\\nnumbers. It is also very common in Kamschatka and\\nSiberia, and is taken in traps baited with iiesh. I he\\nskins are sold in the country for from two to three pounds\\nsterling per hundred. In Norway, they are either shot\\nwith blunt arrows, or taken in traps made of two flat\\nstones, one being propped up with a stick, to which is\\nfastened a baited string and as soon as the animal be\u00c2\u00ab\\ngins to nibble, the stone falls down, and crushes it to\\ndeath. \u00e2\u0080\u0094The Stoat is likewise found white in the winter\\ntime in Great Britain, and is then erroneously called a\\nJV/nte Weasel. Its fur, however, among us, is of little\\nvalue, having neither the thickness, the closeness, nor the\\nwhiteness, of those which come from Siberia.\\nOne of them, which we had in our possession, had en-\\ntirely assumed its winter robe; but with a considerable\\nmixture of yellow, especially on the top of the head and\\nback.\\nThey begin to change from brown to white in Novem-\\nber, and resume their summer vesture in March.\\nThe natural history of this animal is much the same\\nwith that of the Weasel its food being young birds,\\nrabbit?, mice, c.; its agility the same j and its scent\\nequally fetid.\\nQ 4", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0265.jp2"}, "264": {"fulltext": "24B HISTORY OF QUADRUPED?.\\nTHE FERRET,\\n(Mustda Faro, Lin. Le Furet, BufF.)\\nIs only known to us in a kind of domestic state.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 It is\\noriginally a m^ive of Africa; from whence, according to\\nStrabo, it was brought into Spain and, from its known\\nenmity to the Rabbit, was made use of to reduce the num-\\nbers of them with which that kingdom abounded. It has\\nsince been employed for the same purpose in various parts\\nof Europe but as it is not able to bear the severity of\\na cold climate, it cannot subsist without great care and\\nshelter. It is usually kept in a box, with woo] of which\\nit makes itself a warm bed. It sleeps a great part of the\\nday; and the moment it awakes, seems eager for its food,\\nwhich is commonly bread and milk.\\nIt breeds twice a year. The female goes six weeks\\nwiih young. Some of them devour their offspring as\\nsoon as they are brought forth; when they immediately\\ncome in wesson again, and have three litters, which gene-", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0266.jp2"}, "265": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF S^UADRUPEDS. 24^\\nrally consist of five or six, but sometimes seven or eight,\\nand even nine.\\nIt is apt to degenerate in this country, and lose in\\nsome degree its ferocity. Warreners are therefore obli-\\nged to procure an intercourse between tne female and the\\nFoumart. The produce is a breed of a much darker co-\\nlour than the Ferret, partaking more of that of the Fou-\\nmart.\\nIts length is about fourteen inches; that of the tail\\nfive: Its nose is sharper than that of the Weasel or the\\nFoumart its ears are round and its eyes red and fiery:\\nThe colour of the whole body is a very pale yellow.\\nThe Ferret is naturally such an enemy to the Rabbit,\\nthat if a dead Rabbit be laid before a young Ferret, it\\ninstantly seizes upon it, although it has never seen one\\nbefore if a living Rabbit be presented to it, the Ferret\\nis still more eager, seizes it by the neck, winds itself\\nround it, and continues to suck its blood till it be sa-\\ntiated When employed in the business of the warren,\\nit must be muzzled, that it may not kill the Rabbits in\\ntheir holes, but only oblige them to come out, that the\\nwarrener may catch them in his nets. If the Ferret be\\nsuffered to go in without a muzzle, or should disengage\\nitself from it whilst in the hole, there is great danger of\\nlosing it For, after satisfying itself wi^i blood, it falls\\nasleep, and it is then almost impossible to come at it.\\nThe most usual methods of recovering the Ferret are,\\nby digging it out, or smoking the hole. If these do not\\nsucceed, it continues during the summer among the Rab-\\nbit holes, and lives upon the prey it finds there but\\nbeing unable to endure the coldot the winter, is sureto\\nperish.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0267.jp2"}, "266": {"fulltext": "^5^ HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nIt Is sometimes employed with great success in killing\\nRats, and is frequently kept in granaries and miils for\\nthat purpose. It is extremely vigilant in the pursuit of\\nthem and will not suffer one to live where it is.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A\\nyoung Ferret, after it has seized a Rat, will suffer itself\\nto be dragged by it a considerable way before it has kil-\\nled it, which it never fails to do in a short time.\\nIf the Ferret could be kept warm enough at sea, it\\nmight be extremely serviceable in destroying the Rats,\\nw^hich frequently commit such great depredations on\\nboard of ships, and have sometimes been the occasion of\\ntheir total loss.\\nThe Ferret, though easily tamed, is soon irritated. Its\\nodour is fetid; its nature voracious; it is tame without\\nattachment 5 and such is its appetite for biood, that it\\nhas been known to attack and kill children in the cradle.\\nWhen angry, it is apt to bite j and the wound is diffi-\\ncult to cure.\\nThe Madagascar JVeasid, or Vansire of M. Buffon, may\\nbe referred to this species; to which its size and form\\nnre strikingly similar. It is about fourteen inches in\\nlength The hair is of a dark-brown colour, mixed with\\nblack: It differs from the Ferret in the number of its\\ngrinding-teeth, which amount to twelve whereas, in the\\nFerret, there are but eight: The tail is longer than that\\nof the Ferret, and better furnished with hair.\\nThe same author mentions another animal of this spe-\\ncies under the name of the Nems, which is a native of\\nArabia. It resembles the Ferret in every thing but the\\ncolour, being of a dark-brown, mixed whh white; the\\nbelly is of a bright-yellow colour^ without any mixture;\\nth^ prevailing colour on the head and round the eyes is a", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0268.jp2"}, "267": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n251\\nclear yellow; on the nose, cheeks, and other parts of the\\nface where the hair is short, a tincture of brown more or\\nless prevails, and terminates gradually above the eyes;\\nthe legs are covered with short hair, of adeep-yellowco*\\nlour; on each foot there are four toes, and a small one\\nbehind; the claws are small and black; the tail, which\\nis more than double the length of that of the Ferret is\\nvery thick at its origin, terminates in a point, and is co-\\nvered with long hair, similar to that on the body..", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0269.jp2"}, "268": {"fulltext": "\u00c2\u00ab5\u00c2\u00ab\\nHISTORY OF (QUADRUPEDS.\\nc: rrrs^^^:3^iv ^^3;^\\nTHE FOUMART,\\nMustela-Putoriuly Lin. L/f Pidois, Buff.)\\nSo called from its offensive smell, as well as to distin-\\nguish it from the Martin, to which it bears a strong re-\\nsemblance. It is likewise called the Polecat or Fitchef.\\nIts length is about seventeen inches, exclusive of the\\ntail, which is six inches; its eyes are small, very bril-\\nliant, and, when the animal is irritated or afraid, shine in\\nthe dark with singular lustre; its ears are short, broad,\\nand tipt with white on their edges; it is white about the\\nmouth; the rest of the body is for the most part of a\\ndeep-chocolate colour; the sides are covered with hairs\\nof two colours the ends being dark like the rest of the\\nbody, and the middle of a full tawny colour.\\nThe shape of the Foumart, like all others of this ge-\\nnus, is long and slender, the nose sharp-pointed, and the\\nlegs short; the toes are long, and the claws sharp. It is", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0270.jp2"}, "269": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 253\\nin every respect admirably formed for that peculiar mode\\nof life assigned to it by the all-wise Author of Nature.\\nIt is very active and nimble, runs very fast, and will\\ncreep up the sides of walls with great agility. In run-\\nning, its belly seems to touch the ground in preparing\\nto jump, it arches its back, and makes its spring with\\ngreat force.\\nIt is very destructive to poultry, pigeons, and young\\nga p.e of all kinds. It makes great havock amongst Rab-\\nbits; and its thirst for blood is so great, that it kills ma-\\nny more than it can eat. One or two of them will al-\\nmost destroy a whole warren.\\nIt is never seen abroad in the day-time, tJnless forced\\nfrom its hole; and is seldom hunted but in the winter,\\nbeing at that sea son easily found by tracing its footsteps\\nin the snow, -It generally resides in woods or thick\\nbrakes where it burrows under ground, forming a shal-\\nlow retreat about two yards in length, commonly ending\\namong the roots of trees.\\nIn /.he winter season, it frequents houses, barns, c.\\nfeeding on poultry, eggs, and sometimes milk. But it\\nhas another mode of procuring subsistence, which has\\nhitherto escaped the observation of the naturalist; and\\nwhich, though singular, we can vouch for the truth of.\\nDuring a severe storm, one of these animals was traced\\nin the snow from the side of a rivulet to its hole, at some\\ndistance from it: As it was observed to have made fre-\\nquent trips, and as other marks were to be seen in the\\nsnow which could not easily be accounted for, it was\\nthought a matter worthy of greater attention Its hole\\nwas accordingly examined, the Foumart taken and ele-\\nven fine eels were discovered to be the fruits oF its noc-", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0271.jp2"}, "270": {"fulltext": "^54 HISTORY OF OUADRUPEDS.\\nturnal excursions. The marks in the snow were found\\nto have been made by the motion of the eels in the crea-\\nture s mouth.\\nFrom the above curious circumstance, we have given\\na representation of this animal (which was drawn from\\nthe life) in possession of this singular booty It may be\\nmatter of amusing investigation for some future naturalist\\nto enquire by what arts this wily animal finds a booty so\\napparently difficult to attain.\\nIn attending to the instinctive faculties of animals,\\nthere is room for deep and diligent enquiry and, though\\nour progress is hable to many interruptions, it is a de-\\nlightful task to follow the workings of Nature through all\\nher intricate and curious windings: Every step we gain\\nis a sufficient reward for our trouble, and leads us to\\nadmire the wisdom and goodness of that Dispensation\\nwhich furnishes every creature with sufficient and am*\\npie powers to provide for all its wants, necessities, and\\ncomforts.\\nThe female Foumart brings forth in the summer, ge-\\nnerally five or six at a time. She suckles them but a\\nshort time, and accustoms them early to live upon blood\\nand eggs.\\nThough the smell cf this animal is rank and disagree-\\nable, even to a proverb, yet the skin is drest with the hair\\non, and used as other furs, without retaining its offensive\\nodour.\\nThe Foumart is very fierce and bold. When attacked\\nby a dog, it will defend itself with great spirit, attack in\\nits turn, and fasten upon the nose of its enemy with so\\nkeen a bite, as frequently to oblige him to desist.", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0272.jp2"}, "271": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS,\\n^55\\nTHE PIJfE-WEASEL OR YELLOW-\\nBREASTED MARTIJr,\\n(La Martc Buff.)\\nInhabits the North of Europe, Asia, and America; It\\nis likewise found in Great-Britain, but is not numerous\\nthere.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 It lives chiefly in large forests, especially where\\nthe pine-tree abounds, of the tops of which it is very\\nfond.\\nNorth-America abounds with these animals. Prodi-\\ngious numbers of their skins are annually imported from\\nthence: Above thirty thousand skins have been brought\\nover from Canada in one year, and from Hudson s Bay\\nnearly fi teen thousand in the same time.\\nThe principal difference between the Pine- Weasel and\\nthe Martin is in the colour. The breast of the former is\\nyellowy the colour of the body much darker; and the\\nfur, in general, greatly superior in fineness, beauty, and\\nvalue.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0273.jp2"}, "272": {"fulltext": "256 HISTORY OF (JUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE MARTI M,\\n(Mustela Maries, Lin.*^Za Fouin\u00e2\u0082\u00acy Buff.)\\nIs much more common in this country than the Pine-\\nWeasel. It hves wholly in woods, and breeds in the hol-\\nlows of ti ees. It produces from four to six young ones\\nat a time.\\nThis species is the most beautiful of all the Weasel\\nkind. Its head is small, and elegantly formed its eyes\\nare lively and its motions quick and graceful.\\nWhen taken young, it is easily tamed, and becomes\\nextremely playful and good-humoured. Its attachment,\\nhowever, is not to be depended upon. It readily takes\\nadvantage of the first opportunity to regain its liberty^\\nand retire to the woods, its natural haunts.\\nThe food of the Martin is much the same with other\\nanimals of its kind. It makes incessant war with Rdts,\\nMice, and other vermin: Poultry, game and small birds\\nare its constant prey. It feeds also on grain, and is ex-\\ntremely fond of honey.\\nM. Buifon tells us of one of them that he had tamed,\\nwhich, he remarks, drank frequently.. It sometimes\\nslept two days successively, and at other times would\\ncontinue awake as long. In preparing itself for sleep, it\\nfolded itself up in a round form, and covered its head\\nwith its tail. When awake, its motions were so violent, so\\nconstant, and so troublesome, that it was necessary to\\nkeep it chained. From the flexibility of its body, it ea-\\nsily eluded its fetters; and after returning once or twice,\\nit at last absented itself entirely.", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0274.jp2"}, "273": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n257\\nThe Martin is about eighteen inches long; the tail\\nten, and full of hair, especially towards the end, which\\nis thick and bushy the ears are broad, rounded, and\\nopen; the body is covered with a thick fur, of a dark\\nbrown colour; the head brown, mixed with red; the\\nthroat and breast are white the belly is of the same co-\\nlour with the back, but a little paler; the feet are broad\\nand covered on the under side with a thick fur; the\\nclaws white, large, and sharp, well adapted for climbing\\ntrees, which in this country are its constant residence.\\nThe skin and excrements have an agreeable musky\\n$cent, and are entirely free from that rankness which is\\nso disgusting in other animals of this kind. Its fur is\\nvaluable, and in high estimation.\\nR", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0275.jp2"}, "274": {"fulltext": "S5B HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE SABLE,\\n{Mustela Zlhellina, Lin.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Za Zibeline, BufF.)\\nSo highly esteemed for its skin, is a native of the snowy\\nregions of the North: It is found chiefly in Siberia,\\nKamschatka, and some of the islands which lie between\\nthat country and Japan. It is also found in Lapland.\\nThe darkest furs are the most valuable. A single skin\\nthough not above four inchesbroad, is sometimes valued\\nas high as fifteen pounds. The Sable differs from all\\nother furs in this, that the hair turns with equal ease to\\neither side.\\nThe Sable resembles the Martin in form, and is about\\nthe same size. It lives in holes in the earth, by the\\nbanks of rivers, and under the roots of trees. It makes\\nits nest of moss, small twigs, and grass.\\nThe female brings forth in the spring, and produces\\nfrom three to five at one time. Sometimes, like the\\nMartin, it forms its nest in the hollow of a tree.\\nIt is very lively and active, and leaps with great agi-\\nlity from tree to tree, in pursuit of small birds, wood-", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0276.jp2"}, "275": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 259\\ncocks, squirrels, c. It likewise lives upon rats, fishes,\\npine tops, and wild fruits.\\nIt is affirmed by naturalists, that the Sable is not a-\\nverse to the watery and, from the fineness and closeness\\nof its fur, there is great reason to suppose that it is much\\naccustomed to that element, from which it also derives\\na part of its subsistence And as a farther proof that\\nthis animal is in some degree amphibious, we are told by\\ntravellers^, that it is very numerous in small islands^\\nwhere the hunters go in quest of them. It is mentioned\\nby Aristotle, as a water animal, and is described by him\\nunder the name of Sathcrius.\\nThe hunting of the Sables is chiefly carried on by cri*\\nminals confined to the desart regions of Siberia, or by\\nsoldiers sent thither for that purpose, who generally re-\\nmain there several years. They are obliged to furnish a\\ncertain quantity of fars, and shoot with a single ball,\\nto injure the skin as little as possible. They frequently\\ntake them in traps, or kill them with blunt arrows. As\\nan encouragement to the hunters, they are allowed to\\nshare among them.selves whatever skins they take above\\nthe allotted number; and this in a few years, amounts\\nto a considerable premium. The hunters form them-\\nselves into small troops, each of which is directed by a\\nleader of their own chusing.\\nThe season of hunting is from November to February;\\nfor at that time the Sables are in the highest perfection r\\nThose caught at any other time of the year are full of\\nshort hairs, and are sold at inferior prices. The best\\nAvrll s Travels, p. 140.\\nR 2", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0277.jp2"}, "276": {"fulltext": "SSO HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nskins are such as have only long hair, which is always\\nblack, and of a glossy brightness. Old furs do not retain\\ntheir gloss. Both the Russians and Chinese have a me-\\nthod of dying their furs but the dyed sables are easily\\ndiscovered, having neither the smoothness nor the bright-\\nness of the natural hair.\\nThe bellies of the Sables, which are sold in pairs, are\\nabout two fingers in breadth, and are tied together in\\nbundles of forty pieces, which are sold at from one to\\ntwo pounds sterling. The tails are sold by the hundred,\\nfrom four to eight pounds.\\nThere are instances of Sables being found of a snowy\\nwhiteness^ but they are rare, and bought only as curi-\\nosities.\\nThe hunters of these animals are frequently obliged to\\nendure the utmost extremity of cold and hunger in the\\npursuit of their booty. They penetrate deep into im-\\nmense woods, where they have no other method of find-\\ning their way back but by marking the trees as they ad-\\nvance: If this should by any means fail them, they are\\ninevitably lost. They sometimes trace the Sables on the\\nnew-fallen snow to their holes, place their nets at the\\nentrance, and wait frequently two or three days before\\nthe animal comes out.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 It has happened by the failure\\nof their provisions, that these poor wretches have been\\nreduced to the necessity of tying thin boards tight to their\\nstomachs to prevent the cravings of appetite. Such are\\nthe hardships our fellow-creatures undergo to supply the\\nwants of the vain and luxuriant!\\nAn animal, similar to the Sable, is mentioned by Mr.\\nPennant under the name of the Fisher, It is found in\\nNorth- America 3 and, by the number of skins imported.", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0278.jp2"}, "277": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS. 9,6l\\nmust be very numerous there, nearly six hundred of them\\nhaving been brought in one season from New- York and\\nPennsylvania. The hair on the body is mostly black the\\nsides brown the ears are broad and round, dusky on\\ntheir outsides, and edged with white; the face and sides\\nof the neck pale-brown, mixed with black; the feet are\\nvery broad, and covered with hair, even to their soles;\\nthe tail is full and bushy; the length from nose to tail,\\nis twenty-eight inches; the tail seventeen.\\nTHE ICHJfEUMOJ^.\\n(Viverra Ichneumon, Lin.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 La Mangoiiste, Buff.)\\nThis animal, in Egypt, is domestic, like the Cat and\\nis retained by the natives for the same useful purposes of\\nclearing their houses of rats and mice. With all the\\nstrength and agility of the Cat, it has a more general ap-\\npetite for carnage. It attacks, without dread, the most\\ndeadly serpents, and preys on every noxious reptile of\\nthe torrid zone, which it seizes and kills with great avi-\\ndity. It is said, tliat when it is wounded by a serpent,\\nR 3", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0279.jp2"}, "278": {"fulltext": "262 HISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS.\\nand begins to feel the effect of the poison, it immediate-\\nly has recourse to a certain root, which the Indians call\\nafter its name, and assert that it is an antidote for the\\nbite of any venomous reptile.\\nThe Ichneumon is the most formidable enemy of the\\nCrocodile: It destroys its eggs, which it digs out of the\\nsand, where they are laid to hatch by the heat of the\\nsun; and kills great numbers of young Crocodiles soon\\nafter their production, before they are able to reach the\\nwater. It was for this reason that the ancient Egyptians\\nworshipped this animal, and ranked the Ichneumon\\namong those deities that were most propitious to them.\\nIn its domestic state, it is perfectly tame and gentle.\\nM. d Obsonville speaks of one which he reared from a\\nyoung one. It became tamer than a Cat, was obedient\\nto the call of its master, and followed him wherever he\\nwent. One day he brought a small water-serpent alive,\\nbeing desirous to know how far its instinct would carry\\nit against a being with whom it was hitherto entirely un-\\nacquainted. Its first emotion seemed to be astonishment\\nmixed with anger: Its hair became erect; in an instant\\nit slipped behind the reptile and, with remarkable swift-\\nness and agility, leaped upon its head, seiared it, and\\ncrushed it with its teeth. This first essay seemed to have\\nawakened in it its natural appetite for blood, which till\\nthen had given way to the gentleness of its education r\\nIt no longer suffered the poultry, among which it was\\nbrought up, to pass unregarded but took the first oppor-\\ntunity, when it was alone, to strangle them It eat a part\\nof their flesh, and drank only the blood of.others.\\nThese animals are numerous in all the southern re-\\ngions of Asia, from Egypt to the island of Java: They", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0280.jp2"}, "279": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 263\\nare also found in Africa^ in the country about the Cape\\nof Good Hope. They frequent the banks of rivers, are\\nfond offish, are said to take the water hke an Otter, and\\nwill continue in it a considerable time without rising to\\ntake breath.\\nThe Ichneumon varies in size. The domestic kind is\\ngenerally larger than those that are wild, and its colours\\nmore variegated. It is in general about the size of a\\ncommon Cat^ somewhat longer in the body, and shorter\\nin the legs. Its fur contains tints of white, brown,\\nfawn-colour, and a dirty silver-gray, which altogether\\nform a mixture very agreeable to the eye. Its form is\\nlike that of the Polecat. Its eyes are small, but inflamed\\nand sparkle with a singular vivacity; its nose is long and\\nslender; its ears small, rounded, and almost naked; its\\ntail is very thick at the base, and tapers to a point; un-\\nnerneath the tail is an orifice, from w^hich a most fetid\\nhumour is secreted its claws are long. It darts upon\\nits prey like an arrow, and seizes it with inevitable cer-\\ntainty.\\nIt has a small soft voice, somewhat like a murmur;\\nand, unless struck or irritated, never exerts it. Wlien\\nit sleeps, it folds itself up like a ball, and is not easily\\nawaked. It frequently sits up like a Squirrel, and feeds\\nitself with its fore feet; catches any thing that is thrown\\nto it and will often feign itself dead, till its prey come\\nwithin its reach.\\nR 4", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0281.jp2"}, "280": {"fulltext": "264 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS,\\nTHE FOSSAME,\\n(La Fossane, BufF.)\\nIs rather smaller than the Martin. Its body is slender,\\nand covered with hair of an ash colour, mixed with taw-\\nny the sides of the face are black at the hind part\\nof the head there are four black lines, extending from\\nthence toward the shoulders; the tail is long, and annu-\\nlated with black; its eye is full, round, and black, which\\ngives it a wild and mischievous aspect.\\nIt inhabits the island of Madagascar, Guinea, Cochin-\\nchina, and the Philippine Isles. It feeds on flesh and\\nfruits, but prefers the latter, and is pecuHarly fond of\\nbananas. It is very fierce, and not easily tamed.\\nIn Guinea, it is called the Be7 be and, by Europeans,\\nthe Wine-hibber, being very greedy of palm- wine When\\nyoung, its flesh is reckoned very good to eat.", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0282.jp2"}, "281": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n26 5\\nTHE SKUNM:.\\n(Viverra Tutor ius^ Lin. Le Conepate, Buff.)\\nIt is called the Chinche by the natives of Brazil, and is\\nabout the size of a common Cat. Its nose is long and\\nslender, and extends a considerable way beyond the lower\\njaw; its ears are large, short, and rounded; a white\\nstripe extends from the nose over the forehead and along\\nthe back, where it is intersected with a small line of\\nblack, commencing at the tail, and extended upwards\\nalong the middle of the back; its belly and legs are\\nblack its hair is long, especially on the tail, which is\\nthick and bushy.\\nIt inhabits Peru, Brazil, and other parts of South-\\nAmerica and is likewise found in North-America, as\\nfar as Canada.\\nIt is remarkable for a most intolerable, suffocating, fe-\\ntid vapour, which it emits from behind, when attacked,\\npursued, or frightened. The stench of this effluvia is in-\\nsuppqrtable, and is the creature s best means of defence.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0283.jp2"}, "282": {"fulltext": "^6^6 HISTORY OF 2^ ADRUPEDS.\\nThere are three or four varieties, mentioned by M.\\nBuffon under the name of the Stinking Polecats all of\\nwhich possess this vponderful faculty of annoying their\\nenemies from the same quarter.\\nSome turn their tail to their pursuers, and emit a most\\nhorrible steach, v/hich keeps both dogs and men at a\\nconsiderable distance. Others eject their urine to the\\ndistance of several feet; and it is of so virulent a qua-\\nlity, as almost to occasion blindnes;?, if any of it should\\nhappen to fall into the eyes. Clothes infected with it,\\nretain the smell for many days- No washing can make\\nthem sweet but they must be even buried in fresh soil\\nbefore they can be thoroughly cleansed. Dogs that are\\nnot properly bred, turn back as soon as they perceive the\\nsmell Those that have been accustomed to it, will kill\\nthe animal but are obliged to relieve themselves by\\nthrusting their noses into the ground.\\nThe Stifling or Squashy which is the second variety, is\\nnearly of the same size with the Skunk. Its hair is long,\\nand of a deep-brown colour. It lives in holes and clefts\\nof rocks, where the female brings forth her young. It is\\na native of Mexico, and feeds on beetles, worms, and\\nsmall birds. It destroys poultry, of w^hich it only eats\\nthe brains. When afraid or irritated, it voids the same\\noffensive kind of odour, which no creature dares venture\\nto approach. Professer Kalm was in danger of being\\nsuffocated by one that was pursued into a house where he\\nslept and it affected the cattle so much, that they bel-\\nlowed through pain. Another, which was killed by a\\nmaid-servant in a cellar, so affected her with its stench,\\nthat she lay ill for several days. All the provisions that", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0284.jp2"}, "283": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OP QUADRUPEDS. 2G7\\nwere in the place were so tainted by the smelly as to be\\nutterly unfit for use.\\nAnother variety is called the Conepate, and is, perhaps,\\nno more than the female of the last-mentioned animal.\\nIt is somewhat smaller \u00c2\u00a3.nd differs chiefly from the\\nSquash in being marked with five parallel wbite Irnes^\\nwhich run along its back and sides from head to tail.\\nIt is a native of North-America. When attacked^ it\\nbristles up its hair, throws itself into a round form^ and\\nemits an odour which no creature can support.\\nThe last of this pestiferous family which we shall men*\\ntion is the ZorUla,\\nThis animal is a native of New-Spain, where it is cal-\\nled the Mariputa. It is found on the banks of the river\\nOronoque; and, although extremely beautiful, it is at\\nthe same time the most offensive of all creatures. Its bo-\\ndy is beautifully marked with white stripes upon a black\\nground, running from the head to the middle of the\\nback, from whence they are crossed with other white\\nbands, which cover the lower part of the back and\\nflanks: Its tail is long and bushy, black as far as the\\nmiddle, and white to its extremity. Jt is an active and\\nmischievous little animal. Its stench is said to extend to\\na considerable distance, and is so powerful, as to over-\\ncome even the Panther of America, which is one of its\\ngreatest enemies.\\nNotwithstanding this offensive quahty in these animals,\\nthey are frequently tamed, and will follow their master.\\nThey do not emit their odour, unless when beaten or ir-\\nritated. They are frequently killed by the native In-\\ndians, who immediately cut away the noxious glands:\\nthereby preventing the flesh, which is good eating, froi\\\\", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0285.jp2"}, "284": {"fulltext": "^68 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nbeing iafected. Its taste is said nearly to resemble the\\nflavour of a young Pig, The savage Indians make\\npurses of their skins.\\nTHE GEJfET,\\n(Viverra Gtnettay Lin.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Ziz Genette, BufF.)\\nIs as much distinguished for the agreeable perfume which\\nit yields, as those we have just described are for the rank-\\nest and most disagreeable odour in nature.\\nThe body of the Genet is longer than that of the Mar-\\ntin its head is long and slender, with a sharp muzzle j\\nits ears are a little pointed, its hair soft, smooth, and\\nshining^ of a tawny-red colour, spotted with blacky a-\\nlong the ridge of the back there is a kind of mane of\\nlong hair, which forms a black line from head to tail;\\nthe spots on the sides are round and distinct, those on\\nthe back almost cl^se; its tail is long, and marked with\\nseven or eight nngs of black. From an orifice beneath\\nits tail, it yields a kind of perfume, which sm.ells faintly\\nof musk.", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0286.jp2"}, "285": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF (JUADRUPEDS,\\n269\\nIt is found in Turkey, Syria, and Spain. We are told\\nby Belon, that he saw Genets in the houses at Constanti-\\niiople as tame as Cats; and that they were useful to the\\ninhabitants in destroying Rats, Mice, and other vermin.\\nIt is a most beautiful, cleanly, and industrious animal,\\nand very active in pursuing its prey. Its nature is mild\\nAnd gentle, its colours beautifully variegated, and its fur\\nvaluable. Upon the whole it seems to be one of those\\nanimals that, with proper care and attention, might be-\\ncome a useful addition to our stock of domestic quadru-\\npeds.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0287.jp2"}, "286": {"fulltext": "\u00c2\u00a37\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nj ^r. Uji v\\\\\\nTHE CIVET,\\n(Viverra Zibetha, Lin. La Civettey BufF.)\\nIs larger than the Genet, and yields a perfume in much\\ngreater quantities, and of a stronger quality.\\nThough originally a native of the warm climates of\\nAfrica, or Asia, it can live in temperate, and even in cold\\ncountries but it must be fed with nourishing diet, and\\ncarefully defended from the severities of the weather.\\nNumbers of them are kept in Holland, for the purpose\\nof collecting this valuable perfume. The civet procured\\nat Amsterdam is more esteemed than that which comes\\nfrom the Levant, or India, being less adulterated. To\\ncollect this perfume, the Civet is put into a cage, so nar-\\nrow, that it cannot turn itself: The cage is opened at\\none end, and the animal drawn backwards by the tail,\\nand securely held by its hind legs: A small spoon is then\\nintroduced into the pouch which contains the perfume,\\nwith which it is carefully scraped, and the matter put in-\\nto a vessel properly secured. This operation is perform-\\ned two or three times a week.", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0288.jp2"}, "287": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 27 1\\nThe quantity of odorous humour depends much on the\\nquahty of the nourishment and the appetite of the ani-\\nmal, which always produces more in proportion to the\\ngoodness of its food. Boiled flesh, eggs, rice, small ani-\\nmals, birds, and particularly fish, are the kinds of food\\nthe Civet mostly delights in; and these ought to be va-\\nried, so as to excite its appetite, and preserve its health.\\nIt requires very little w^ater; and, though it drinks sel-\\ndom, it discharges its urine frequently. It is somewhat\\nremarkable, that in this operation the male is not to be\\ndistinguished from thefemale.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 From this circumstance,\\nit has been supposed that this was the Hyaia of the an-\\ncients; and it is certain, that most of the fables related\\nconcerning that monster are in a certain way applicable\\nto the Civet.\\nThe ancients were well acquainted wdth the pomatum\\nof the Civet, and ascribed to it certain powers of exciting\\nlove for which purpose it still constitutes one of the\\nluxuries of the East.\\nWhat has been fabulously related concerning the un-\\ncertainty of sex in the Hyena, applies much more strong-\\n\\\\y to the Civet; for in the male nothing appears exter-\\nnally but three apertures, so perfectly similar to those of\\nthe female, that it is impossible to distinguish the sex\\notherwise than by dissection.\\nThe perfume of this animal is 30 strong, that it infects\\nevery part of its body: The hair and the skin are so tho-\\nroughly penetrated with it, that they retain it long after\\nbeing taken from the body. U a person be shut up in\\nthe same apartment, it is almost insupportable; and,\\nwhen heated with rage, it becomes still more pungent.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0289.jp2"}, "288": {"fulltext": "272\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nThe Civet is naturally savage, and somewhat fero\u00c2\u00ab\\ncious; yet it is easily tamed, so as to be handled with-\\nout danger.\\nThe teeth are strong and sharps but its claws are\\nweak. It is very active and nimble, leaps like a Cat,\\nand runs with great swiftness. Ir lives by hunting; sur-\\nprises small animals and birds; and, like the Weasel,\\nwill sometimes steal into the yard, and carry off poultry.\\nIts eyes shine in the dark; and it is probable, that it\\ncan see well enough to pursue its prey during the night\\nas it is known to be most active at that time.\\nThe Civet is very prolific in its native climate; but\\nthough it lives and produces its perfume in temperate re-\\ngions, it is never known to breed there. Its voice is\\nstronger than that of the Cat, and has some resemblance\\nto the cry of an enraged Dog.", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0290.jp2"}, "289": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS. ^7S\\nTHE ZIBET.\\n(Le Zibet, BufF,)\\nIs so similar to the Civet as to be considered by some\\nauthors as only a variety of that animal; and it must be\\nallowed that they have many essential relations, both\\nin their external and internal structure j but they diiFer\\nfrom each other by such distinguishing characteristics,\\nas entitle them to be regarded as tv^o distinct species.\\nThe ears of the Zibet are larger and more erect; and its\\nmuzzle is thinner and flatter: Its body is longer than\\nthat of the Civet; and its tail, which is longer, is mark-\\ned with annular spots, like that of the Genet: It has no\\nmane or long hair on the neck and spine; and its hair\\nis shorter and softer.\\nThe perfume of the Zibet is peculiarly violent and\\npiercing, beyond that of either the Civet or the Genet.\\nThis odorous liquor is found in a fissure near the organs\\nof generation. It is a thick humour, of the consistence\\nof pomatum and, though very strong, is agreeable,\\neven as it issues from the body of the animaL This mat-\\nS", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0291.jp2"}, "290": {"fulltext": "274\\nHISTORY OF 2UADRUPEDS,\\nter of the Zibet must not be confounded with musk,\\nwhich is a sanguineus humour, derived from a species\\nof the Roe-buck, or Goat without horns and has\\nnothing in common with the Zibet, but its strong per-\\nfume.\\nTHE SVRICJTE, OR FOUR-TOED\\nJVEASEL,\\nIs rather less than the Rabbit; it pretty much resem-\\nbles the Ichneumon, both in size and the colour of its\\nhair; only it is rougher, and its tail is not quite so long.\\nIts upper jaw is much longer than the lower, and very\\npliant and moveable. It has only four toes on each foot.\\nOne of them in the possession of M. de Seve, was ob-\\nserved sometimes to walk on its hind legs, and frequent-\\nly to sit upright, with its fore feet hanging down on its\\nbreast.\\nThe Suricate is carnivorous, and preys on small ani-\\nmals. It is fond of fish, and still more so of eggs. Like\\nthe Squirrel, it makes use of its fore paws to convey its\\nvictuals to its mouth. In drinking, it laps like a Dog.\\nbut will not drink water, except v^hen it is warm.\\nSee page 115.", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0292.jp2"}, "291": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS. 275\\nThat kept by M. de Seve was extremely playful and\\nfamiliar, knew its own name, and would return at a calk\\nWhat was remarkable, it seemed to have an aversion to\\nparticular persons, whom it would always bite on their\\napproaching it: Some people were so disagreeable to it,\\nthat even when restrained, it would make use of several\\nartifices to come near enough to bite them; asd v/hen it\\ncould not lay hold of their legs, would fly at their shoes\\nor petticoats. When discontented, it makes a noise like\\nthe barking of a whelp; and when pleased or caressed,\\nwould utter a sound like the shaking of a rattle.\\nTHE RAT EL,\\nDescribed by Mr. Pennant under the name of the i^/~q:\\nler, is a native of the Cape of Good Hope. It lives chief-\\nly upon honey, and is endowed with a wonderful faculty\\nof discovering the secret retreats where the bees deposit\\ntheir stores. About sun-set, the Ratel is particularlv at-\\ntentive in watching the motions of these industrious in-\\nsects; and, having observed tht-ir route, it follows with\\ngreat care the direction in which thcv fiv. It is fre-\\nS 2", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0293.jp2"}, "292": {"fulltext": "\u00c2\u00a376 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nquently assisted in discovering its delicious booty by a\\nbird called the Honey Guide, (cuculus indicatoj-) which\\nis extremely fond both of honey and the eggs of bees;\\nand, in the pursuit of its food, excites the attention of\\nthe Ratel by a loud grating cry of cherr^ cherr^ cherr; at\\nthe same time flying slowly on towards the place where\\nthe swarm of bees have taken up their abode. The Ra-\\ntel follows the sound with great attention; and having\\nplundered the nest, leaves sufficient behind it as a reward\\nfor the services of its faithful guide. The Ratel is well\\nadapted to this purpose, as the toughness and thickness\\nof its skin effectually defends it from the stings of the\\nbees. On this account, it is not easily killed for its\\nskin is so loosely attached to its body, that when seized\\nhy a hound, it gives w^ay, and the animal has an opportu-\\nnity of turning round, and biting its assailant, which it\\nfrequently does so severely, as to oblige him to desist.\\nThe Ratel, according to Mr. Pennant, is two feet long\\nfrom the nose to the tail, w^hich is eight inches; its legs\\nare short; on each foot it has four toes, armed with long\\nclaws those on the four feet are above an inch long, and\\nvery sharp; its tongue is rough; it has no ear-laps; the\\norifice of the ear is w^ide, and surrounded by a callous\\nrim; a broad stripe, of an ash-colour, extends along the\\nback from the forehead to the tail, which is separated\\nfrom the black hair on the sides and belly by a light-gray\\nlist running from behind each ear to the tail. It bur-\\nrows in holes under ground, is said to be very fetid and\\nis called the Stinking Badger by M. de la Cailie.", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0294.jp2"}, "293": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n277\\nTHE CO ATI, OR BRAZILIAN WEASEL.\\n(Viverra Nasua, Lin\u00e2\u0080\u0094 X r Coati, Buff.)\\nHas some resemblance to the bear in the length of its\\nhind legs, in the form of its feet, in the bushiness of its\\nhair, and in the structure of its paws. It is small. Its\\ntail is long, and variegated with different colours; its\\nupper jaw is much longer than the lower, and very pli-\\nant; its ears are rounded its hair is smooth, soft, and\\nglossy, of a bright-bay colour; and its breast is whitish.\\nLinncEus describes one of them, which he kept a con-\\nsiderable time, and in yain attempted to bring into sub-\\njection. It was very obstinate and capricious. It killed\\nthe poultry, tore off their heads, and sucked their blood.\\nIt defended itself with great force whenever any person\\nattempted to lay hold of it contrary to its inclination;\\nand it stuck fast to the legs of those with whom it was\\nfamiliar, when it wanted to ransack their pockets, and\\ncarry gff any thing th^t it found in them. It had an ex-\\nS 3", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0295.jp2"}, "294": {"fulltext": "278\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\ntreme aversion to Hog s bristles, and the smallest brush\\nmade it desist. Its mode of living was very singular: It\\nslept from midnight to noon, kept awake the rest of the\\nday, and uniformly walked about from six in the evening\\ntill midnight, without the least regard to the weather.\\nThis is probably the time assigned by Nature to this spe-\\ncies of animals for procuring their food, which consists\\nchiefly of young birds, eggs, and small animals.\\nIt inhabits Brazil and Guiana, runs up trees very nim-.\\nbly, eats like a Dog, and holds its food between its fore\\nlegs like the Bear.\\nThe Coati stands with ease on its hind feet.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 It is said\\nto gnaw its own tail, which it generally carries erect^\\nand sweeps it about from side to side^", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0296.jp2"}, "295": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS* 27^\\nTHE RACCOOJf,\\n(Ursus Lotor, Lin. Le Baton, Buff.)\\nIs very common in the warm regions of America. It is\\nfound also in the mountains of Jamaica^ from whence\\ngreat numbers of them frequently descend into the plan-\\ntations, and make great havock among the sugar-canes,\\nof which they are particularly fond. The planters con-\\nsider these animals as their greatest enemies, as rhey fre-\\nquently do infinite michief on one night s excursion:\\nThey have contrived various methods of destroying them,\\nyet still they propagate in such numbers, that neither\\ntraps nor fire-arms can repel them.\\nThe Raccoon is somewhat less than the Badger: Its\\nhead resembles that of a Fox, but its ears are round and\\nmuch shorter, and its upper jaw very pointed, and lon-\\nger than the lower: Its eyes, which are large, are sur-\\nrounded with two broad patches of black: Its body is\\nthick and short, covered with long hair, black at the\\npoints, and gray underneath Its tail is long and bushy,\\nS 4", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0297.jp2"}, "296": {"fulltext": "28\u00c2\u00ae HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nand marked with alternate rings of black and white; its\\nfeet and toes are black.\\nThe Raccoon is very active and nimble. Its claws,\\nwhich are extremely sharp, enable it to climb trees with\\ngreat facility. It moves forward chiefly by bounding;\\nand, though it proceeds in an oblique direction, runs vq-\\nry swiftly.\\nWhen tamed, it is good-natured and sportive but is\\nalmost constantly in motion, and as unlucky and inqui-\\nsitive as a Monkey, examining every thing with its paws,\\nwhich it makes use of as hands to lay hold of any thing\\nthat is given it, and to carry its meat to its mouth. It\\nsits up to eat, is extremely fond of sweet things and\\nstrong liquors, with which it will get excessively drunk.\\nIt has all the cunning of the Fox, is very destructive of\\npoultry, but will eat all sorts of fruits, grain, and roots.\\nIt has a peculiar method of dipping every thing in water\\nit intends to eat, and will seldom taste bread till it be\\nwell soaked. It opens oysters with astonishing dexterity,\\nseparates the shells, and leaves not a vestige of the fish.\\nIt does this without looking at the oyster, but places it\\nunder its hind paws, and with its fore feet searches for\\nthe weakest part, where it fixes its claws, forces it op\u00c2\u00abn,\\nand snatches out the fish. It hkewise devours all kinds\\nof insects, delights in hunting spiders, and, when at li-\\nberty in a gardeii, will eat grasshoppers, snails, worms,\\nc. It is very cjeanly, and always retires to obey the\\ncalls of Nature. It is familiar, and even caressing, leaps\\nupon those it is fond of, plays sportively, and moves a-\\nbout with great agility.\\nThis animal is hunted for its skin, which is next in va-\\nlue to that of the Beaver, for making hats.", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0298.jp2"}, "297": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS,\\nSSl\\nTHE BADGER.\\n(Ursus MeleS) Lin. -^Ze Blaireau, on Taiso/i, Buff.)\\nAlthough Nature has furnished this animal with for-\\nmidable weapons of offence, and has besides given it\\nstrength sufficient to use them with great effect, it is\\nnotwithstanding very harmless and inoffensive j and, un-\\nless attacked employs them only for its support.\\nThe Badger retires to the most secret recesses where\\nit digs its hole, and forms its habitation under ground,-\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nIts food consists chiefly of roots, fruits, grass, insects, and\\nfrogs. It is charged with destroying Lambs and Rabbits,\\nbut there seems to be no other reason to consider it as a\\nbeast of prey, than the analogy between its teeth and\\nthose of carnivorous animals.\\nFew creatures defend themselves better, or bite with\\ngreater keenness, than the Badger. On that account it\\nis frequently baited with Dogs trained for that purpose.\\nThis inhuman diversion is chiefly confined to the idle and\\nthe vicious, who take a cruel pleasure in seeing this", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0299.jp2"}, "298": {"fulltext": "282 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nharmless animal surrounded by its enemies, and defend-\\ning itself from their attacks, which it does with astonish-\\ning agility and success. Its motions are so quick, that a\\nDog is frequently desperately wounded in the first mo-\\nment of assault, and obliged to fly. The thickness of the\\nBadger s skin and the length and coarseness of its hair,\\nare an excellent defence against the bites of the Dogs;\\nIts skin is so loose, as to resist the impressions of their\\nteeth, and give the animal an opportunity of turning it-\\nself round, and wounding its adversaries in their tender-\\nest parts. In this manner this singular creature is able to\\nresist repeated attacks both of men and dogs, from all\\nquarters till, being overpowered with numbers, and en-\\nfeebled by many desparate wounds, it is at last obliged to\\nsubmit.\\nThe Badger is an indolent animal, and sleeps much\\nIt confines itself to its hole during the whole day, and\\nfeeds only in the night. It is so cleanly, as never to de-\\nfile its habitation with its odure. It breeds only once in\\na year, and brings forth four or five at a time.\\nIt is not known to exist in warm countries. It is an\\noriginal native of the temperate climates of Europe; and\\nis found without any variety, in Spain, France, Italy, Ger-\\nmany, Britain, Poland, and Sweden.\\nThe usual length of the Badger is somewhat above two\\nfeet, exclusive of the tail, which is about six inches long\\nits eyes are small, and are placed in a black stripe, which\\nbegins behind the ears, and runs tapering towards the\\nnose the throat and legs are black the back, sides, and\\ntail, are of a dirty-gray, mixed with black the legs and\\nfeet are very short, strong, and thick each foot consists\\nof five toes those on the fore feet are armed with strong", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0300.jp2"}, "299": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF glTADRUPEDS.\\n283\\nclaws, well adapted for digging its subterranean habita-\\ntion.\\nIn walking, the Badger treads on its whole heel, like\\nthe Bear; which brings its belly very near the ground.\\nImmediately below the tail, between that and the\\nanus, there is a narrow transverse orifice, from whence a\\nwhite substance, of a very fetid smell, constantly exudes.\\nThe skin, when dressed with the hair on, is used for\\npistol furniture.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Its flesh is eaten The hind quarters\\n^re sometimes made into hams, which, when cured, are\\nnot inferior in goodness to the best bacon.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The hairs\\nare ma4e into brushes, which are used by painters to\\nsoften and harmonise their shades.\\nrr x^^et", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0301.jp2"}, "300": {"fulltext": "gS4 HISTORY OF JUADRUPEDS,\\niniiniiiiiii!ininiiiiiiniiiiiinnii!iunnnniiiiiinintiuniiini!Himijm\u00c2\u00ab\\nitfriiiiiiiiiiiniunniiiiiiiiHHiynnuiiiiiitiUMiiiuiiiiiiinfiiiuiiiiiuiiiuulip\\nTHE SAMD-BEAR,\\nWe have given the figure of this animal, drawn frorn\\none kept in the Tower; of which V;^e have not been able\\nto obtain any farther description, than its being some-\\nwhat less than the Badger, almost without hair, extremely\\nsensible of cold, and burrows in the ground. From these\\ncircumstances, as well as from the striking similarity of\\nits figure to that of the Badger, we are inclined to think\\nit is a variety of that animal, mentioned by naturalists\\nunder the name of the Sow-Badger.\\nIts colour is a yeilowish-white Its eyes are small; and\\nits head thicker than that of the common Badger Its\\nlegs are short; and on each foot there are foi4r toes, arm-\\ned with sharp white claws.\\nM. Brisson describes a white Badger, from NewA^ork,\\nso similar to this, that we suspect it to be the same spe-\\n:ies.", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0302.jp2"}, "301": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 285\\nTHE PFOLVERINE, OR GLUTTOJ/\\n(Mustela Gulo, Lin\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Ze Glutton, BuflT.)\\nThis voracious animal is found in all the countries\\nbordering on the Nortljern Ocean, both in Europe and\\nAsia: It is likewise common in Canada, the country a-\\nbout Hudson s Bay, and other parts of North- America;\\nwhere it is known by the name of the Carcajou.\\nIt has been variously described by naturalists. We\\nhave selected the account given by M. Buffon, which\\nwas taken from a living one in his possession. Its length,\\nfrom the nose to the insertion of the tail, was two feet\\ntwo inches 5 the tail eight inches long; the length of the\\nfore legs was eleven inches, and the hind ones twelve it\\nhad five toes on each foot, armed with long sharp claws;\\nthe middle cJaw of the fore foot was one inch and a half\\nlong; the muzzle, as far as the eye-brows, was black:\\nits eyes were small and black, atid its ears short; its\\nbreast and under jaw were spotted v^ ith white; the back,\\n1 gs, belly, and tail, were black During its confine-\\nment, it did not discover symptoms of great ferocity. It", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0303.jp2"}, "302": {"fulltext": "286 HISTORY OF (QUADRUPEDS,\\neat voraciously; and, after a full meal, covered itself in\\nits cage with straw. It eat no bread, but v^ould devour\\nmore than four pounds of flesh every day, which it swal-\\nlowed greedily, almost without chewing.\\nIn a state of hberty, it is said to lead a life of continual\\nrapine. It lurks in the branches of trees, in order to\\nsurprise Deer and other animals that pass under them.\\nIt waits with great patience the arrival of its prey, and\\ndarts from its hiding-place with unerring certainty. In\\nthis manner it indiscriminately surprises the Horse, the\\nElk, the Stag, or the Rein-deer, and fixes itself between\\ntheir shoulders with its teeth and claws.\\nThe wild Rein-deer, which are numerous both in Lap.\\nland and North- America, frequently fall victims to the\\nGlutton, When seized by this blood-thirsty animal, it is\\nin vain that the wounded Deer endeavours to disengage\\nitself from its enen^y by rustHng among the branches of\\nthe trees No force can oblige it to quit its hold It\\nmaintains its position, and continues to suck the blood of\\nthe flying animal till it falls down exhausted with pain\\nand fatigue. It then devours the carcase with insatiable\\nvoracity, and gorges itself Vv^ith the flesh till it is almost\\nin danger of bursting.\\nIn Kamschatka, the Glutton makes use of a singular\\nstratagem for killing the Fallow-deer. It climbs up a\\ntree, taking with it a quantity of that species of moss\\nof which the Deer is very fond. When one of them ap-\\nproaches the tree, the Glutton throws down the moss;\\nand if the Deer stop to eat it, the Glutton darts upon its\\nback, and fixing itself firmly between its horns, tears out\\nits eyes and by that means secures its prey. It then\\ndivides the fiesh of the deer into a number of portions.", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0304.jp2"}, "303": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 287\\nwhich it conceals in the earth to serve for future provi-\\nsions.\\nThe motions of the Glutton are slow. There are few\\nquadrupeds that cannot escape from it, except the Bea-\\nver, vv hich it frequently pursues and overtakes. In\\nAmerica, it is called the Beaver-eater.\u00e2\u0080\u0094lt sometimes lies\\nin wait, and surprises those animals, coming out of their\\nburrows, or breaks into their habitations, and kills great\\nnumbers of them.\\nThe Glutton often defeats the labour of the hunts-\\nmen, by stealing avk^ay the Sables and other animals that\\nhave been caught in their traps and it is sometimes\\ntaken in the snares laid for them.\\nWhen attacked, it makes a strong resistance. It will\\ntear the stock from the gun with its teeth, or break the\\ntrap in pieces in which it is caught. Notwithstanding its\\nfierceness, it is capable of being tamed, and of learning\\nseveral entertaining tricks.\\nIt is hunted only for its skin, which is very valuable,\\nof a most beautiful glossy black, which shines with a\\npeculiar lustre, and reflects the light like damask silk.\\nThe skins are sold in Siberia at five or six shillings\\neach, at Jakutsk at twelve, and still dearer in Kamschat-\\nka. There the women dress their hair with its white\\npaws, which they esteem a great ornament.\\nThe furs of this animal, from the North of Europe and\\nAsia, are infinitely finer, blacker, and more glossy, than\\nthose of the American kind.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0305.jp2"}, "304": {"fulltext": "28a\\nHISTORY OP qUADRUfEDS*\\nTHE BROWJf BEAR,\\nfUj siis Cauda abriipta.^ Lin ^LOurSy BufF.)\\nThere are two principal varieties of the Bear,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the\\nhroivn and the black. The former is found in almost\\nevery climate, the black Bear chiefly in the forests of the\\nnorthern regions of Europe and America.\\nThe brown Bear is sometimes carnivorous s hut its ge-\\nneral food is roots, fruits, and vegetables.\\nIt is a savage and solitary animal, lives in desert and\\nunfrequented places, and chuses its den in the most\\ndangerous and inaccessible precipices of unfrequented\\nmountains. It retires alone to its den about the end of\\nautumn, (at which time it is exceedingly fat) and lives\\nfor several weeks in a state of total inactivity and absti-\\nnence from food. During this time, the female brings\\nforth her young, and suckles them. She chuses her re-\\ntreat for that purpose, in the most retired places, apart\\nfrom the male, lest he should devour them. She makes", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0306.jp2"}, "305": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS, .289\\na warm bed for her young, and attends thenn with unre\u00c2\u00bb\\ntnitting care during four months, and in all that time\\nscarcely allows herself any nourishment. She brings\\nforth two, and sometimes three young at a time. The\\ncubs are round and shapeless, with pointed muzzles but\\nthey are not licked into form by the female, as Pliny and\\nother ancient naturalists supposed. At nrst they do not\\nexceed eight inches in length. They are blind during\\nthe first four weeks, are of a pale-yellow colour, and\\nhave scarcely any resemblance of the creature when ar-\\nrived at maturity. The time of gestation in these ani-\\nmals is about six months, and thev brin^: forth in the be-\\nginning of January.\\nIn the spring, the old Bears, attended by their young,\\ncome out from their retreats, lean, and almost famished\\nby their long confinement. They then ransack every\\nquarter in search of fbod They frequently climb trees,\\nand devour the fruit in great quantities, particularly the\\ndate-plumb tree, of which they are exceedingly fond.\\nThey ascend these trees i^, ith surprising agility, keep\\ntliemselves firm on the branches with one paw, and with\\nthe other collect the fruit.\\nThe Bear is remarkably fond of honey, which it will\\nencounter great difficulties to obtain, and seeks for with\\ngreat cunning and avidity.\\nIt enjoys, in a superior degree, the senses of hearing,\\nsmelling and touching. Its ears are shoit and rounded;\\nand its eyes are small, but lively and penetrating, and de-\\nfended by a nictating membrane From the peculiar\\nformation of the internal parts of its nose, its sense of\\nsmelling is excQedingly exquisite: The legs and thigh-.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0307.jp2"}, "306": {"fulltext": "296 HISTGRY OF $UAdRU]^EDS.\\nare strong and muscular-. It has five toes on each foot^\\nand uses its fore foot as a hand, although the toes, are\\nnot separated as in most animals that do soj the largest\\nfinger is on the outside.\\nThe voice of the Bear is a deep and surly kind of growl,\\nwhich it frequently exerts without the least cause. Jt is\\nvery easily irritated, and at that time its resentment is fu-\\nrious, and often capriciously exerted.\\nWhen tamed^ it appears mild and \u00c2\u00a9bedient to its mas-\\nter; but it is not to be trusted without the utmost cau-\\ntion.-^-^It may be taught to walk upright, to dance, to lay\\nhold of a pole with its paws, and perform various tricks\\nto entertain the multitude, who are highly pleased to see\\nthe awkward measures of this rugged creature, which it\\nseems to suit to the sound of an instrument or to the\\nvoice of its leader. But to give the Bear this kind of\\neducation, it must be taken when young, and accustomed\\nearly to restraint and discipline: An old Bear will suffer\\nneither, without discovering the most furious resentment\\nneither the voice nor the menaces of his keeper have any\\neffect upon him; he equally growls at the hand that is\\nheld out to ked, as at that which is raised to correct hirn.\\nThe excessive cruelties practised upon this poor animal\\nin teaching it to walk erect, and regulates its motions to\\nthe sound of the flagelet, are such as make sensibility\\nshudder Its eyes are put out, and an iron ring being\\nput through the cartilage of the nose to lead it by, it is\\nkept from food, and beaten, till it yield obedience to the\\nwill of its savage tutors. Some of them are taught to\\nperform by setting their feet upon hot iron plates, and\\nthen playing to them whilst in this uneasy situation. It\\nis truly shocking to every feeling mind to reflect, that", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0308.jp2"}, "307": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 291\\nsuch cruelties should be exercised upon any part of the\\nbrute creation by our fellow-men. That they should be\\nrewarded by numbers of unthinking people, who crowd\\naround them to see the animal s rude attempts to imitate\\nhuman actions, is not to be wondered at But it is much\\nto be w ished, that the timely interference of the magi-\\nstrate would prevent every exhibition of this kind, that,\\nin Britain at least, we might not be reproached with tole-\\nrating practices so disgraceful to humanity.\\nOne of these animals, presented to the Prince of Wales,\\na few years ago, was kept in the Tower. By the care-\\nlessness of the servant, the door of his den was left open;\\nand the keeper s wife happening to go across the court at\\nthe same time, the animal flew out, seized the woman,\\nthrew her down, and fastened upon her neck, which he bit;\\nand, without offering any further violence, lay upon her,\\nsucking the blood out of the wound. Resistance was in\\nvain, as it only served to irritate the brute and she must\\ninevitably have perished, had not her husband luckily dis-\\ncovered her situation. By a sudden blow, he obliged the\\nBear to quit his hold, and retire to his den, which he did\\nwith great reluctance, and not without making a second\\nattempt to come at the woman, who was almost dead\\nthrough fear and loss of blood. It is somewhat remark-\\nable, that whenever it happened to see her afterwards, it\\ngrowled, and made most violent struggles to get out to her-\\nThe Prince, upon hearing of the circumstance, ordered\\nthe Bear to be killed.\\nThe flesh of the young Bear, is reckoned a great deli-\\ncacy and the paws of an old one are esteemed as a most\\nexquisite morsel. The fat is white, and very sweet and\\nT 2", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0309.jp2"}, "308": {"fulltext": "29^\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nthe oil is said to be of great use in softening swelling pro-\\nceeding from sprains.\\nGreat numbers are killed annually in America for the\\nsake of their skins, which form a considerable article of\\ncommerce.\\nThe Bear was once an inl^abitant of this island, and\\nwas included in the ancient laws and regulations respect-\\ning beasts of chase. Long after their extirpation, they\\nwere imported for the cruel purpose of baiting themj\\nwhich at that time was a favourite amusement of our an-\\ncestors. We \u00c2\u00a3nd it, in Queen Elizabeth s days, among\\nthe various entertain ment-s prepared for her Majesty on\\nher visit at Kenilworth.", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0310.jp2"}, "309": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n293\\nWe have here given a faithful representatioi], drawn\\nfrom the life, of an animal which has hitherto escaoed\\nthe observations of naturalists. Its features and leading\\ncharacters seem to be so strong, as to leave no room for\\ndoubt v^ ith respect to its rank in the animal creation:\\nAnd, from the striking correspondence of pyrts observa-\\nble between it and the common Bear, we are induced to\\ndispose of them in the same class. We are the more\\nconfirmed in this opinion, from an attentive examination\\nof its disposition and manners notwitlistandinf^, it seems\\nto dilTer in some of those characteristics which have been\\npointed out by naturalisu-. as the guides to a regular find\\nsystematic arrangement.\\nIts body is covered with a long, rough, and shammy\\ncoat of hair, which gives it, when lying dcwn, the ap-\\npearance of a rude and shapeless mass on the top of its\\nbank, the hair, which is tweh^e inclies long, rises up like", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0311.jp2"}, "310": {"fulltext": "Q94f HISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS.\\na hunch, separates in the middle, and falls down in dif-\\nferent directions; its head is large, very broad at the\\nforehead, and is the only part on wliich the hair is short;\\nits snout is long, and ends in a thin, broad cartilage,\\noverhanging the nostril* about an inch and a half; its\\nlips are thin and very long, and seem to be furnished\\nwith muscles, by which the animal can protrude them in\\na most singular manner, which it never fails to do when\\nits attention is directed to any particular object, or when\\nfood is held out to it its eyes are small, black, and hea-\\nvy, and its aspect louring its ears and tail are short, and\\nhid in the hair; its legs and thighs are remarkably thick\\nand strong; it treads on its heel like a Bear, and its toes\\nare not divided it has five long crooked white claws on\\neach foot, which it uses with great dexterity, either sepa-\\nrately or together, like fingers, to break its food into\\nsmaller portions, or to convey it to its m.outh. Its colour\\nis a deep, shining black excepting the snout, and a spot\\nabove each eye, which are of a yellowish- white colour;\\nthere is likewise a cresent of white underneath the throat\\nIt has no cutting teeth, but two very strong canine teeth,\\nand six grinders, in each jav^.\\nIt appears to l3e a gentle, good-natured animal but\\nwhen irritated or disturbed, utters a short abrupt roar, like\\na Bear ending -in a whining tone, expressive of impa-\\ntience. It feeds on bread, fruit, and nuts is fond of ho-\\nney; and will eat marrow, or the fat of meat, either raw\\nor dressed but refuses roots of all kinds, and the lean or\\nmuscular parts of flesh.\\nThis rare animal is said to have been brought from the\\ninterior parts of Bengal; and that it burrows in the\\nground.", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0312.jp2"}, "311": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF (jUADRUPEDS.\\nS95\\nTHE POLAR OR GREAT WHITE BEAR,\\n(Ursus Albus, Um. --VOurs Blanc, Buff.)\\nDiffers greatly from the common Bear In the length of\\nits head and neck, and grows to above twice the size.\\nSome of them are thirteen feet long.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Its limbs are of\\ngreat size and strength its hair long, harsh and disagree-\\nable to the touch, and of a yellowish-white colour; its\\nears are short and rounded and its teeth large.\\nIt inhabits only the coldest parts of the globe, and has\\nbeen found above latitude 80, as far as navigators have\\npenetrated northwards. These inhospitable regions seem\\nadapted to its sullen nature.\\nT", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0313.jp2"}, "312": {"fulltext": "296 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nThere the shapeless Bear,\\nWith dangling ice al! horrid, stalks forlorn:\\nSlow-pac d, and sourer as the storms increase,\\nHe makes his bed beneath th inclement drift;\\nAnd, with stern patience, scorning weak complaint,\\nHardens his heart against assailing want.\\nIt has been seldom set^n farther south than Newfound-\\nland, but abounds chiefly on the shores of Hudson s Bay,\\nGreenland, and Spltzbergen on one side^ and those of\\nNova-Zembla on the other. It has been sometimes\\nfound in the intermediate countries of Norway and Ice-\\nland but such as have appeared in those parts have al-\\nways been driven thither upon floating sheets of ice so\\nthat those countries are only acquainted with^them by ac-\\ncident.\\nDuring summer, they take up their residence on large\\nislands of ice, and frequently pass from one to another.\\nThey swim well, and can go to the distance of six or\\nseven leagues They likewise dive, but do not continue\\nlong under water. When the pieces of ice are detached\\nby strong winds or currents, the Bears allow themselves\\nto be cairied along with them, and as they cannot regain\\nthe land, or abandon the ice on which they are embark-\\ned, they often perish in the open sea. Those which arrive\\nwith the ice on the coasts of Iceland and Norway, are al-\\nmost famished with hunger from the length of their voy-\\nage, and are extremely voracious. As soon as the natives\\ndiscover one of them, they arm themselves, and presently\\ndispatch him.\\nThe ferocity of the Bear is as remarkable as its attach-\\nment to its young. A few years since, the crew of a\\nboat belonging to a ship in the whale-fishery shot at a\\nBear at a short distance, and wounded it. The animal", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0314.jp2"}, "313": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 297\\nimmediately set up the most dreadful yells, and ran along\\nthe ice towards the boat. Before it reached it^ a second\\nshot was fired, and hit it. This served to increase its\\nfury. It presently swam to the boat 3 and in attempting\\nto get on board, reached its fore foot upon the gunnel j\\nbut one of the crew having a hatchet, cut it off. The\\nanimal still, hovvever, continued to swim after them till\\nthey arrived at the ship; and several shot were fired at it,\\nwhich also took effect: But on reaching the ship, it im-\\nmediately ascending the deck and the crew having fled\\ninto the shrowds, it was pursuing them thither, when a\\nshot from one of them laid it dead upon the deck.\\nIts flesh is v^^hite, and is said to taste like mutton.\\nThe fat is melted for train-oil 3 and that of the feet is used\\nin medicine.\\nThe White Bear brings forth two young at a time.\\nTheir fondness for their offspring is so great that they\\nwill die rather than desert them Wounds serve only to\\nmake the attachment more violent They embrace their\\ncubs to the last, and bemoan them with the most piteous\\ncries.\\nThey feed on fish, seals, and the carcases of whales.\\nAllured by the scent of seal s flesh, they often br^ak into\\nthe huts of the Greenlanders. They sometimes attack\\nthe Morse, with which they have terrible conflicts; but\\nthe large teeth of that animal give it a decided superiority\\nover the Bear, which is generally worsted.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0315.jp2"}, "314": {"fulltext": "^S8\\nHISTORY OF 2UADRUl^ED3.\\nTHE STRIPED HTEMA,\\n(Canis Hycena^ Lin. L Hifanty BuflP.)\\nAlthough naturalists, both ancient and modern^liave\\ndescribed the Hyena under different denominations, and\\nhave ascribed to.it properties which it is now known not\\nto possess, yet its characters are so singular, that it is im-\\npossible to mistake them, and so peculiar, as to distinguish\\nit from every other class of animals, in many respects it\\nresembles those of the Dog kind, has some similitude to\\nth Wolf in form and disposition^ and is about the same\\nsize.\\nThe Hyena has only four toes on each foot its head\\nis broad and fiat, and its muzzle shorter than that of the\\nWolf; its fore legs are longer than the hind ones; its\\nears are long, pointed, and bare and its eyes are re-\\nmarkably wild, sullen, and ferocious.", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0316.jp2"}, "315": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 299\\nThere are two ^varieties,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the one striped, and the\\nother spotted. The hair of the former is of an ash co-\\nlour, marked with long black stripes, disposed in waves,\\nfrom the back downward; there are others across the\\nlegs; the hair in general is coarse and rough; its tail is\\nshort and bushy, with pretty long hair, sometimes plain,\\nand sometimes barred with black; immediately under-\\nneath the tail, and above the anus, there is an orifice like\\nthat of the Badger, which opens into a kind of pouch,\\nand contains a substance of the consistence of civet, but\\nof a rank, disagreeable odour. This opening may proba-\\nbly have given rise to the error of the ancients, who as-\\nserted, that the Hyena was every alternate year male and\\nfemale. Its manner of holding its head is somewhat like\\na Dog pursuing a scent with its nose near the ground*\\nThis position of the head makes the shoulders appear\\nmore elevated. A bristly mane runs along the top of the\\nback from head to tail, which gives it an spp?arance\\nsomething like a Hog; from whence, probably, it may\\nhave derived its name, the word huaina being a Greek\\nword derived from hiis, which Signifies a Sow. Such are\\nthe most striking distinctions of the Hyena, which has\\nbeen pictured by ignorance and timidity under every\\nform that can strike terror into the imacrination. Won-\\nderful powers were ascribed to it by the ancients who\\nbelieved that it changed its sex; that it imitated the hu-\\nman voice, and by that m.eans attracted unwary travellers,\\nand destroyed them; that it had the power of charming\\nthe shepherds, and as it were rivetting them to the place\\nwhere they stood. Many other things, equally absurd,\\nhave been told of this animal but these are sufficient to\\nshew, that objects of terror and superstition are nearly al-", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0317.jp2"}, "316": {"fulltext": "SOO HISTORY OF qUADRrPEuS-\\nlied; nnd^/henonce they have taken possession of the\\nhuman mind, the most improbable stories are easily re-\\nceived and credited.\\nIt resides in the caverns of mountains, in the clefts of\\nrocks, or in holes and dens^ which it digs in the earth.\\nIts disposition is extremely ferocious; and, though taken\\nyoung, it never can be tamed. It lives by depredations,\\nlike the Wolf, but is stronger, and more daring and ra-\\npacious. It follows the fiocks, ravages the sheepfold, and\\ndestroys every thing within its reach with the most insa-\\ntiable voracity. Its eyes shine in the dark; and it is as-\\nserted, v/ith some appearance of probability, tliat it can\\nsee nearly ss well by night as by day. When destitute of\\nother provisions, it ransacks the graves, and devours putrid\\nhuman bodies that have been long buried.\\nThe voice of the Hyena is very peculiar Its begin-\\nning seems to be somewhat like the moaning of a human\\nvoice, and the ending like one making a violent effort to\\nvomit.\\nIt inhabits Asiatic Turkey, Syria, Persia^ and Barbary.\\n^The superstitious Arabs, when they kill one of them,\\ncarefully bury the head, lest it should be applied to ma-\\ngical purposes.\\nThe courage of the Hyena is equal to its rapacity. It\\nwill defend itself with great obstinacy against much larger\\nquadrupeds It is not afraid of the Lion nor the Panther,\\nwill somef^imes attnck the Ounce, and seldom fails to con-\\nqMer,", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0318.jp2"}, "317": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n301\\nTRE SPOTTED HTEMA, OR TIGER-\\nWOLF,\\nIs called, at ^e Cape of Good Hope, the Tiger-Wolf i\\nand \\\\)i very common in that part of the world.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Sparr-\\nman describes it as a cruel, mischievous, and formidable\\nanimal. Its horrid yells are to be heard every night,\\nwhilst it prowls about for its prey, and lurks near farm-\\nyards, where cattle are kept. These ar@ well defended\\nby Dogs, of which the Hyena, though larger and stron-\\nger, is much afraid^ and will not venture an attack, un-\\nless pressed by the most urgejit necessity: neither will it\\ndare to seize upon any of th^Iiirger animals, such as 0^~\\nen, Cows, Horses, c. whifst^hey make the least ap-\\npearance of defending themselves, or even if they do nt c\\nbetray any symptoms of ftar. It sometimes endeavours\\nto disperse the cattle by its hideous roaring; after which\\nit selects and pursues one of them, which it soon disabl-js\\nby a deadly bite, ^nd then devours.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0319.jp2"}, "318": {"fulltext": "SOa HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nThese animals were formerly so bold, as to molest the\\nHottentots in their huts, and sometimes carry off their\\nchildren; but, since the introduction of fire-arms, those\\nand other wild beasts keep at a greater distance from the\\nhabitations of mankind.^^It is a fact, however, that num-\\nbers of them attend almost every night about the sham-\\nbles at the Gape, where they meet with bones, skin, and\\nother offals, w^hich are left thereby the inhabitants, who\\nsuffer these animals to cbrhe unmolested, and carry off\\ntheir refuse; and it was somewhat remarkable, that they\\nseldom have been known to do any mischief there,\\nthough fed in the very heart of the town.\\nThe bowlings of the Hyena are dreadful beyond all\\nconception, and spread a general alarm They are al-\\nmost incessant, and seem to be the natural consequence\\nof its craving appetite. Perhaps it may not be going too\\nfar to say, that nature has kindly impressed this involun-\\ntary disposition to yelling upon this animal, that every\\n-living creature might be upon its guard, and secure it-\\nself from the attacks of so cruel an enemy.\\nThe general colour is a reddish-brown, marked with\\ndistinct round black spots, the hind legs with transverse\\nblack bars; its head is large and flat; above each eye,\\nas well as on the lips, it has long whiskers; a short black\\nmane runs along the top of the back its ears are short\\nand a little pointed; its face and the upper parts of its\\nhead are black.", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0320.jp2"}, "319": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS, S03\\nFOX,\\n(Canis VulpeSi Lin. Le Renard, BufF.)\\nThis lively and crafty animal is common in every part\\n\u00c2\u00a9f Great Britain, and is so w^ell known as not to require\\na particular description.\\nM. Buffon has taken great pains to prove, that the\\nDog and the Fox will not breed together. For this pur-\\npose, he kept two males and a female for a considerable\\ntime, and tried to make the males copulate with bitches,\\nwhich they uniformly refused and from thence he con*-\\neludes, that no mixture can take place, between the two\\nspecies. But it should be remembered, that the Foxes\\nwere in a state of confinement; and of course, many cir-\\ncumstances might concur to disgust them, and render the\\nexperiment abortive. In confirmation of this, we need\\nonly observe, that the same Foxes, which, when at liber-\\nty, darted on the Poultry with their usual eagerness, ne^\\nver attempted to touch a single fowl after they were\\nchained And we are told further, that a living hen\\nwas generally fixed near them for a whole night and,\\nthough food was kept from them for many hours, yet, in\\nspite of hunger and opportunity, they never forgot that\\nthey were chained, and disturbed not the hen. Now\\nif any one should be so hardy as to assert from this, that\\nFoxes have a natural aversion to poultry, one may easily\\nconceive how little credit would be given to the conclu-\\nsion, and how much laughter it would excite. We just\\nmention this to shew, that experiments of this kind,\\nW here Nature is thwarted in her process, or restrained in\\nany of her operations, are not always to be depended up-", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0321.jp2"}, "320": {"fulltext": "SQif HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\non. ^That the Fox and the Dog will breed together, is a\\nfact, too well known in the several parts of the North of\\nEngland, to admit of the smallest doubt. It is a common\\npractice in many places to tie up a bitch that is in season,\\nwhere she may be visited by a Fox, and be impregnated\\nby him. The fruits of the connection are sufficiently ob-\\nvious Most, if not all the puppies, have a strong resem-\\nblance to the Fox The sharp nose, prick ears, long bo-\\ndy, and short legs of the Fox, evidently point out their\\norigin. ^These Dogs are highly esteemed by farmers and\\ngraziers, as the most useful kind for driving cattle They\\nbite keenly, are extremely active and playful, and\\nare very expert at destroying Weasels, Rats, and other\\nvermin.\\nThe Fox sleeps much during the day; but the night is\\nits season of activity, and the time when it roams about\\nin search of prey. It will eat flesh of any kind, but pre-\\nfers that of Hares, Rabbits, poultry and all kinds of birds.\\nThose that reside near the sea-coast will, for want of\\nother food, eat crabs, shrimps, muscles, and other shell-\\nfish.\\nIn France and Italy, the Fox does great damage among\\nthe vineyards, by feeding on the grapes, of which it is\\nextremely fond. It boldly attacks the wild bees, and\\nirequently robs them of their stores; but not with impu-\\nnity The whole swarm flies out, and fastens upon the\\ninvader; but he retires only for a few minutes, and rids\\nhimgelf the bees by rolling upon the ground by which\\nn eans he crushes such as stick to him, and then returns\\nto his charge, and devours both wax and honey.\\nThe cunning of the Fox, in surprising and secunng its\\nprey, is equally remarkable. When it has acquired more", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0322.jp2"}, "321": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. SOS\\nthan It can devour^ its first care is to secure what it has\\nkilled, which is generally all within its reach. It digs\\nholes in different places, where it conceals its booty bv\\ncarefully covering it with earth to prevent a discovery.\\nIf a flock of poultry have unfortunately fallen victims to\\nits stratagems, it will bring them, one by one, to these\\nhiding-places where it leaves them till hunger demands\\nfresh supplies.\\nThe chase of the Fox is a very favourite diversion in\\nthis kingdom, and is no where pursued with such ardour\\nand intrepidity* Both our Dogs and Horses are confes-^\\nsedly superior to those of any other country. The instant\\nthe Fox finds he is pursued, he flies towards his holej\\nand finding it stopped, which is always carefully done\\nbefore the chase begins, he has recourse to his speed and\\nhis cunning for safety. He does not double and measure\\nhis ground back like the Hare, but continues his course\\nstraight forward before the Hounds v^ith great strength\\nand perseverance. Both Dogs and Horses, particular)/\\nthe latter, have frequently fallen victims to the ardour of\\nthe pursuit, which has sometimes continued for upwards\\nof fifty miles without the smallest intermission, and al-\\nmost at full speed*,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 As the scent of the Fox is very\\nMr. Charles Tt;RNER s Kounds hunted ?it Ayreyholm, near\\nHurworth, in the county of Durham, and lound the noted old Fok\\nCESAR, which made an extraordinary chase. After a round of four\\nmiles, he led to Smeatoii, through Hornbv and Appieton; then back\\na,!:;,ain to Hornby, Worset-moor, Fiersburgb, Limpton, Craythorn,\\nMiddleton, Hilton, Senmer, Newby, Marion, Oimsby; then upon\\nHambleton, through Kirkleatiiam-park, Upleaiham, v^kelton, and\\nKelton. Mr. Turner tired three Horses; and only three Hon nd.\\n-were in pursuit, when he thought proper to call them oif, it being\\nnear iiv\u00c2\u00ab in the evening. The cha.se wa-s upvvards gf ijftv miles,\\nu", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0323.jp2"}, "322": {"fulltext": "So6\\nHISTORY OF QUADRt/PEDS,\\nStrong, the Dogs follow with great alacrity and eagerness^\\nand have been known to keep ap a constant chase for\\neight or ten hours together; and it is hard to say, whe-\\nther the spirited eagerness of the Hounds, the ardour of\\nthe Horses, or the enthusiasm of the hunters, is most to\\nbe admired. The Fox is the only one of the party which\\nhas the plea of necessity on his side; and it operates so\\nsfrongly, that he often escapes the utmost efforts of his\\npursuers, and returns to his hole in safety. The smeli of\\nhis urine is so offensive to the Dogs, that it sometimes\\nproves the means of his escape from them. When all his\\nshifts have failed him, and he is at last overtaken, he then\\ndefends himself with great obstinacy, and fights in silence\\ntill he is torn in pieces by the Dogs.\\nThere are three varieties of Foxes in this island, v^hich\\ndiffer frqm each other more in form than in colour.", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0324.jp2"}, "323": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS.\\nS07\\nTHE GRETHOUJfD FOX,\\nIs the largest, and is chiefly found in the mountainous\\nparts of England and Scotland: He is likewise the bold*\\nest, and will attack a well-grown Sheep. His ears are\\nlong and erect, and his aspect wild.\\nTHE MASTIFF FOX.\\nIs rather less; but his limbs are more strongly formed.\\nU", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0325.jp2"}, "324": {"fulltext": "3oi\\nKISTOKY OT QUADRUPEDS,\\nTHE\\nCUR FOX\\nIs the least, but the most common, and;^proaches near-\\nest to the habitations of mankind. It larks about the\\nout-houses of the farmer, and carries off all the poultry\\nwithin its reach. It is remarkably playful and familiar\\nv;h:n tamed; but, like all wild animals half reclaimed,\\nwill, on the least offence, bite those it is most familiar\\nwith.\\nThe eye of the Fox is of a lively hazel colour, very\\nsigniticant and expres ive and discovers very sensibly the\\ndifferent emotions of love, fear, or anger, by which it\\nmay be affected. It seems greatly to admire its bushy\\ntail^ and frequently amuses itself by endeavouring to\\ncatch it as it runs round. In cold weather when it lies\\ndown, it folds it about its head.\\nThe Fox sleeps sound and, like the Dog, lies in a\\nTound form. When he is only reposing himself^ he\\nstretches out his bind legs, and lies on his belly. In this\\nposition, he spies the birds as they light o^ the hedges", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0326.jp2"}, "325": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 309\\nor places near him, and is ready to spring upon such as\\nare within his reach. He rarely lies exposed, but chuses\\nthe cover of some thick brake^ where he is pretty secure\\nfrom being surprised. Crows, magpies, and other biids,\\nwhich consider the Fox as a common enemy, will often\\ngive notice of his retreat by the most clamorous notes,\\nand frequently follow him a considerable way from tree\\nto tree, repeating their outcries.\\nFoxes produce bat once a year, from three to six\\nyoung ones at a time. When the female is pregnant,\\nshe retires, and seldom goes out of her hole, where she\\nprepares a bed for her young. She comes in season in\\nthe winter: and young Foxes are found in the month of\\nApril. If she perceive that her habitation is discovered,\\nshe carries them off, one by one, to a more secure retreat.\\nThe young are brought forth blind, like puppies. They\\ngrow eighteen months or two years, and live thirteen or\\nfourteen years.\\nThe Fox is frequently taken in traps but great cau-\\ntion must be used to deceive this wily animal. The trap\\nmust be placed in the midst of a field, where there is nei-\\nther hedge nor path near it, and so nicely covered with\\nmould that not ^he least vestige can be seen where it\\nlies About the trap, and at a small distance from it, in\\ndifierent places, a few pieces of cheese, or other strong*\\nJy-scented food, must be carelessly scattered Thsn with\\na sheep s paunch, or some other animal substance, a trail\\nis made, of about a mile In length, to the different places\\nwhere the bait is laid, and from thence to the trap: The\\nshoes of the person who carries the trail must be likewise\\nV^ell rubjbed with the paunch, that the Fox may not dig-\\nU", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0327.jp2"}, "326": {"fulltext": "310 historV ot quadrupeds.\\ncover his scent. He then approaches witti more confi-\\ndence, and if the design be well conducted, seldom fails\\nof being caught.\\nThere are many varieties of this animal, apparently\\nproduced by the influence of climate. Those of thi\\ncountry are mostly of a tawny-red mixed with ash-co\u00c2\u00bb\\nlour; the fore part of the legs is black, and the tail tipt\\nwith whitei-\u00e2\u0080\u0094 In colder countrieSj Foxes are of various\\ncolours.\\nTHE BLACK FOX,\\nIs most valuable for its fur, which is esteemed in Russia\\nsuperior to that of the finest sable. A single skin will sell\\nfor four hundred rubles.\\nTHE CROSS FOX.\\n(Le itenard Croise Buff.)\\nInhabits the coldest parts of Europe, Asia, and North-\\nAmerica. Its fur is \\\\try valuable, being thicker and\\nsofter than the common sort. Great numbers of skins\\nare imported from Canada.\\nIt derives its name from a black mark which passe*\\nover its back across the shoulders, and another along the\\nback to the tail.", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0328.jp2"}, "327": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRU1 EDS,\\nSil\\nTHE ARCTIC FOX,\\nfCaiiis Lagopus, Um.\u00e2\u0080\u0094Isaiis^ Buff.)\\nInhabits the countries bordering on the Frozen Sea. It\\nis found in Greenland, Iceland, Spitsbergen, Nova-Zem-\\nbla, and Lapland in Kamschatka, and the opposite parts\\nof America. It burrows, and makes holes in the ground,\\nseveral ^ti^t in length; at the end of which it forms a\\nnest with moss* In Greenland and Spitsbergen, it lives\\nin the clefts of rocks, being unable to burrovv on account\\nof the frost. Two \u00c2\u00a9r three of them inhabit the same hole.\\nIt is endowed with all the cunning of the common\\nFoXs preys on young geese, ducks, and other water-fovxi,\\nbefore they are able to fly; likewise on hares, wild-birds,\\nand eggs: And in Greenland, for want of other food,\\nI^ feeds on berries and shell-iish. In Lapland and the\\nNorth of Asia, its principal food is the Leming, or Lap-\\nland Marmot inunense i hoais of which sometimes cover\\nthe face of the country. The Foxes follow them, in\\ntheir migrations, from one place to another; and as the\\nreturn of ihe Marmot is very uncertain, and frequently\\nafci r great intervals of time, they are sometimes absent\\nthree or four years ia pursuit of this tlieir favourite prey.\\nU 4", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0329.jp2"}, "328": {"fulltext": "Stt\\nHISTORY OF 5UADRUPEDS.\\nThe hair of the Arctic Fox is of an ash colour, but\\nchanges to white in the winter, when it is long soft,\\nand somewhat woolly: Its tail is shorter than that of the\\ncommon Fox, and more bushy; and its toes are covered\\nwith fur on the under part, like those of a Hare It is\\nsmaller and more slender than the European Fox Its\\nnose is sharp and black; and its ears short, and al nost\\nhid in the fur. It is sometimes taken in traps 5 but its\\nskin is of little value.", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0330.jp2"}, "329": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF (QUADRUPEDS.\\n31$\\nTHE WOLF.\\n{Canis Lupus, Lin\u00e2\u0080\u0094 \u00e2\u0080\u00a2-Z^ Loup^ Bui[E)\\nAll naturalists agree in placing the Wolf and the Dog\\nin the same class ancj, from the slightest inspection of\\nits external form only, it would seem that the Wolf wa$\\nin every respect a Dog in its state of natural freedom.\\nThe shape of its head is different; and its eyes, bein*\\nfixed in a more oblique position, give it a look of more\\nsavage fierceness Its ears are sharp and erect its tail\\nJong, bushy, and bending inwards between its hind le^-s;\\nits body is stronger than that of almost any species of\\n-Dog, its jaws and teeth larger, and its hair coarser and\\nthicker. The internal structure of these animals is per-\\nfectly similar. The Wolf couples in the same manner\\nas the Dog and its immediate separation is prevented\\nfrom the same cause: The time of gestation is also near-\\nly the same J and, from a variety of successful experi-\\niDents related by ihe cdebrated Dr. Hunter, there is no", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0331.jp2"}, "330": {"fulltext": "314 HISTORY OF OUADRUPEDS.\\nlonger any room to doubt, that the Wolf and the Dog\\nwill copulate together, and produce an intermediate spe-\\ncies, capable of subsequent propagation.\\nThe appetite of the Vv^olf, for every kind of animal\\nfood, is excessively voracious 3 and, although Nature hag\\nfurnished it with every requisite for pursuing and con-\\nquering its pre}/, it is frequently reduced to the last ex\u00c2\u00bb\\ntremity, and sometimes peri.shes for want of food. So\\ngreat is the general detestation of this destructive crea-\\nture, that all the wild animals endeavour to avoid It, and\\nmost commonly escape by their superior swiftness.\\nWhen pressed with hunger from repeated disappoirrt-\\nm^nts, the Wolf becomes courageous from necessity. It\\nthen braves every danger, and even attacks those animals\\nthat are under the protection of man. Sometimes whole\\ndroves of them join in the cruel v;ork of general devasta*\\nti n, roam through the villages, and attack the she p\u00c2\u00ab\\nfolds: They dig the earth under the doors, enter v^ih\\ndreadful ferocity, and put every living creature to death\\nbefore they depart. Tlie Horse is the only tame anFmal\\nthat can defend itself against them: Ail the weaker ani-\\nmals become their prey: Even man himself, upon these\\noccasions, frequently falls a victim to their rapacity and\\nit is said that when once they have tasted humjan blood,\\nthey always give it the preference. From hence, many\\nsuperstitious stories have been told of the Wolf. The\\nold Saxons believed, that it was possessed by some evil\\nspirit, and called it the IFere-lFulf: and the French pea-\\nsants, from the same reason, call itsthe Loup-garou,\\nThe language of the poet is beautifully descriptive of\\nthis creature s insatible fury", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0332.jp2"}, "331": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF gUADRUPED^. 315\\nBy wintry famine rous d, from all the tract\\nOf horrid mountains, which the shining Alps,\\nAnd wavy Appenine, and Pyrenees,\\nBranch out, stupendous, into distant lands,\\nCruel as death 1 and hungry as the grave I\\nBurning for blood! bony, andghaunt, and grim!\\nAssembling Wolves, in raging troops, descend;\\nAnd^ pouring o er the country, bear along,\\nKeen as the north v ind sweeps the glossy snov^,\\nAll i\u00c2\u00ab their pri-ze/^\\nThe Wolf has great strength espeeially in the muscles\\nof his neck and jaws: He can caiTy a Sheep in his\\nmouth, and easily run off with it in that manner. His\\nbite is cruel and deadly, and keener as it meets with kss\\nresistance but when opposed, he is cautious and circum^\\nspect, and seldom fights but from necessity. He is hard-\\ner and more robust, but not so sensible as the Dog. He\\nalmost incessantly prowls about for prey, and of all ani-\\nmals is the most difficult to conquer in the chase. His\\nsense of smelling is peculiarly strong; He scents the\\ntrack of animals, and follows it with great perseverance\\nThe odour of carrion strikes him at the distance of near\\na league.\\nWolves are capable of bearing want of food for a long\\ntime. To allay their hunger, they will sometimes fill\\ntheir stomachs with mud. They have been known to\\nfollow armies^ and assemble in troops upon the field of\\nbattle; tear up such bodies as have been carelessly inter-\\nred^ and devour them with insatiable avidity.\\nIn all ages, the Wolf has been considered as the most\\nsavage enemy of mankind, and rewards were given for its\\nhead. Various methods have been taken to rid tlic\\nworld of this rapacious invader: Pit-lalls, traps, and\\npoison, have all been employed against him 5 and, hap-\\npily for thiiise islands, the whole race has long been ex-", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0333.jp2"}, "332": {"fulltext": "3lS HiSTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\ntirpated here. King Edgar attempted toefrect it in Eng-\\nland by remitting the punishment of certain crimes on\\nproducing a number of Wolves tongues; and in Vv ales^\\nthe tax of gold and silver was commuted for ^.n annual\\ntribute of Wolves heads. Some centuries after tbatj\\nthey increased to such a degree, as to become an object\\nof royal attention; and great rewards were given for de-\\nstroying them. Camden informs us, that certain persons\\nheld their lands on condition of hunting, and destroying\\nthe Wolves that infested the count;-y; whence they were\\ncalled the JVolve-^iunf.* In the reign of Athelstan,\\nY/oIves abounded so much in Yorkshire, that a retreat\\nwas built at Fii?tton, to defend passengers from their at-\\ntacks. --As the ravages of these animals were greatest\\nduring winter, oarticularjy m January, when the cold\\nwas severest, our Saxon ancestor? distinguished that\\nmonth by the title of WQlfe-mancth, They also called an\\noutlaw Woifshed^ as being cut of the prot^cvion of the\\njaw, and as liable to be killed as that destructive beast,\\nThey infested Ireland many centuries after their extinc-\\ntion in England; the last presentment for killing Wolves\\nwas- made in the county ofCork about the year 17 iO.\\nThese animals abound in the immense forests o\\\\ Ger-\\nmany, where the following methods are taken to destroy\\nthem:\u00e2\u0080\u0094 In some very sequestered part of the forest, they\\nhang up a large piece of carrion on the branch of a tree,\\nhaving previously made a train of some miles Jong, leav-\\ning small pieces of putrid flesh here and there to allure\\nthe Wolves to the spot: They then wait till it is dark,\\nand approach the place with great circumspection where\\nthey sometimes find two or three Wolves assembled, leap-\\ning up, and straining themselves to catch the bait^ whicji", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0334.jp2"}, "333": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS* 31?\\nis placed just within their reach 5 and while the animals\\nare busily employed in this way^ the hu nters being pre*\\nvided with fire-arms, seldom fail to dispatch them.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 In a\\nconvenient place, at the foot of a dccHvity, they make a\\nsmall inclosure pf strong pales, so high, that the Wolf,\\nhaving once entered, cannot return again. An opening is\\nleft at the top of the bank; and a Sheep that has been\\nlong dead, is the bait to which he is allured by long\\ntrains, made from different places \u00e2\u0096\u00a0v\\\\here he is known to\\nliaunt. As soon as he arrives at the spot, he examines\\nevery part of the inclosure and finding no other v/ay\\nto come at the booty, he precipitates himself to the bot-\\ntom i^ and having made a plentiful meal, endeavours in\\nvain to re-ascend. His disappointment at not being able\\nto get back is productive of the most dreadful bowlings,\\nwhich alarm his enemies and they either take him alive^\\nor dispatch him with bludgeons. It is remarkable, that\\nwhen this animal finds there is no possibility of escaping,\\nhis courage entirely forsakes him, and he is for some\\ntime so stupified with fear, that he may be killed without\\noffering to resist, or taken alive w ithout much danger.-^\\nWolves are sometimes taken in strong nets, into whicn\\nthey are driven by the hunters, who surround a large\\ntract of land, and with drums, horns, and other instru^\\nments, accompanied with loud cries from a large com^\\npany assembled upon the occasion, drive the animals to*\\nwards the entrance of the nets, where they are entangled,\\nand killed with clubs and hatchets. Great care must be\\ntaken to secure them at first If they recover from their\\nconsternatiouj, they easily escape hv tearing the net to\\npieces.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0335.jp2"}, "334": {"fulltext": "SlS HISTORV OF 2UADKUPEDS.\\nWolves are found, with some variety, in almost every\\ncountry of the world. Those of Senegal are larger and\\nfiercer than those of Europe. In North- America, they\\nare small, of a dark colour, and may be easily tamed.\\nBefore the introduction of Dogs, the savages made use\\nof them in hunting the wild animals of the country and\\nthey are still employed for the same purpose in the more\\nremote parts of that vast continent. They are said to\\nhunt in packs, and run down the Deer by their scent.\\nThe appearance of these animals near the habitations of\\nthe Indians, sometimes indicates that the Bison or the\\nDq^t is at no great distance and when any of those are\\ntaken, the Wolves are rewarded with the offal. Catesby\\naffirms, that the Wolves of that country have mixed with\\nthe Dogs carried thither by the Europeans, and produced-\\nan intermediate race.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 In the northern regions there are\\nWolves entirely white, and others of a deep-black. In\\nMexico there is a variety of the Wolf, with a very large\\nhead, strong jaws, and great teeth On the upper lip it\\nhas strorg bristles, not unlike the softer spines of the\\nPorcupine, of a gray and white colours its ears are large\\nand erect its body is ash-coloured, spotted with black\\non its sides theie are black stripes from the back down-\\nward its neck is fat and thick, covered with a loose\\nskin, marked with a long tawny stroke on the breast is\\nanother of the same kind the tail is long, and tinged in-\\nthe middle with tawny; the legs and feet are striped\\nwith black. It inhabits the hot parts of Mexico or Newr\\nSpain, is equally voracious with the European Wolf, at-\\ntacks cattle, and sometimes men.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 There are no Wolves\\nfurther south on the new continent.", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0336.jp2"}, "335": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF atTADRUPEIiS,\\nm9\\nTHE JfEW SQUTH-F/ALES P70LF,\\nHas been called a Dog; but its wild and savage nature\\nseems strongly to point out its affini y to the Wolf; to\\nvvhich, in otlur respects, it bears a great resemblance.\\nIt neither barks nor growls but when vexed, ere^ ts the\\nh^irs of its whole body like bristles, and appears extreme-\\nly furious. It is fond of Rabbits and poultry, which it\\nCP-gerly devours raw but will not touch dressed meat.\\nOne of them, sent to this country from Botany-Bay,\\nwas extremely nimble and so fierce, as to seize on every\\nanimal it saw. If not restrained, it would have run\\ndown Deer and Sheep An Ass had also nearly fallen a\\nvictim to its fury.\\nIts height is rather less than two feet the length two\\nfeet and a half: It is formed much like a Woif; its ears\\nshort and erect, and its tail long and bushy Thegeneial\\ncolour is a pale-brown, lighter on the belly j the feet and\\ninside of the legs are white.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0337.jp2"}, "336": {"fulltext": "S2Q HISTORY OF gUADRUFEDS.\\nTHE JACKAL.\\n(Canis Aureus^ Lin.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ^Ze Chacal, BufF.)\\nWe beg leave to make our acknowledgments to Mr-\\nPennant for the drawing of this animal, which he assures\\nlis was drawn from the life and we doubt not, there-\\nfore, its being a faithful representation.\\nThe species of the Jackal is diffused, with some varie-\\nty, through almost every part of Asia; and is found in\\nBarbary, and other parts of Africa, as far as the Cape of\\nGood Hope.\\nAlthough it is one of the most numerous of all the\\nw^ild animals of the East, there is scarcely any one less\\nknown in Europe, or more confusedly described by na-\\ntural historians.\\nThey vary in size. Those of the warmest climates are\\nsaid to be the largest. They are of a reddish-brown co-\\nlour.- The smaller Jackal is about the size of a Fox, and\\nits colour is a bright-yellow.\\nThat the Jackal is nearly aliied to the Dog, has been", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0338.jp2"}, "337": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 321\\nclearly proved, from a circumstance related by Mr. Hun*\\nter, of a female Jackal taken on board an East-Indiaman\\nat Bombay whilst a cub, and being impregnated by a\\nDog during the voyage, brought forth six puppies one\\nof which -afterwards produced young ones, from an inter-\\ncourse with a Dog. From these and other recent facts,\\nit appears;, that the Fox, the Wolf, the Jackal, and the\\nDog, may be considered as different species of the same\\ngenus and that the Jackal makes nearer approaches to\\nthe Dog than either the Fox or the Wolf.\\nJackals go in packs of forty or fifty, and hunt like\\nhounds in full cry from evening till morning. They de-\\nstroy the poultry, and attack the flocks They roam\\nthrough the villages and gardens, and carry off every\\nthing they can eat They enter stables, yards, and out-\\nhouses, and devour skins, and every thing that is made\\nof leather 3 such as harnessing, boots, shoes, :c. No-\\nthing can escape their rapacity. They will ransack the\\nrepositories of the dead, and greedily devour the most pu-\\ntrid bodies for which reason, in those countries where\\nthey abound, the inhabitants are obliged to make the\\ngraves of a great depth, and secure them vAth spines, to\\nprevent the Jackals from raking up the earlh with their\\nfeet. They are said to attend caravans, and follow ar-\\nmies, in hopes of being furnished v^ ith a banquet by\\ndisease or battle. They maybe considered as the vulture\\namong quadrupeds j and, like that destructive bird, de-\\nvour every thing indiscriminately that has once had ani-\\nmal life. They hide themselves in hoies and dens by\\nday, and seldom appear abroad till the evening, when\\nthey fill the air with the most horrid bowlings, and begin\\nX", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0339.jp2"}, "338": {"fulltext": "S^i HISTORY OF 2 JADRUPEDS.\\nthe chase. The Lion, the Panther, and other beasts of\\nprey that do not follow by the scent, take advantage of\\nthe genera] consternation, and follow in silence behind\\ntill the Jackals have hunted down their prey: They then\\ndevour the fruits of their labours, and leave them only\\nthe remains of the spoil; from whence the Jackal has\\nbeen vulgarly called the Lions provider^ as if those two\\nanimals acted in concert, and had formed a plan for their\\nmutual support.\\nThe Jackal frequently pursues the Gazelle and is so\\nbold, as to follow it even in the midst of a town or\\nvillage, whither that timid animal frequently flies for\\nprotection, and by that means sometimes escapes.\\nSparrman s description of those he saw at the Cape\\ndiffers materially from the accounts we have been able\\nto collect from other authors. He says they are about\\nthree feet in length, and their tails little more than a\\nfoot long: The predominant colour is a reddish-yellow;\\nthe legs are of a pale gold colour; under the belly, and\\non the inside of the legs, the colour inchnes to white;\\nthe nose and ears are of a brighter red; the head, neck,\\nand back are gray; the tail is partly gray, and partly of\\nan umber colour, and black at the tip. He says it re-\\nsembles the European Fox in form, manners, and disposi-\\ntion; and is not known to assemble in packs for the pur-\\npose of hunting neither is its voracity equal to that\\nascribed to it by other naturalists. It is probable it\\nmay have been confounded with the Wild Dog, which is\\ncommon at theCape^ and hunts its prey in packs.*^ It is\\nvery fierce and mischievous, and very destructive to the\\nfiocks of Sheep and Goats in those parts.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 There are two\\nkinds of these Dogs, the one large, and of a reddish co-", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0340.jp2"}, "339": {"fulltext": "HtSTORY 6f gUADRU P\u00c2\u00a3DS,\\nSSfS\\nIbui the other less and browner. They are very bold\\nand wander about night and day in search of prey.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThey make a noise somewhat like th^ cry of our common\\nHounds, and hunt vAih great sagaciiy, acting pertectiy\\nin concert with each Other till the game falls a prey to\\nthe pack. They are said to be always extremely lean,\\nand very ugly.\\nM; BufFon mentions ah anirhal of the Jackal kind by\\nthe name of the ^^ir/;i e of v^hich he gives a drawing,\\nsomewhat resembiias; a small Fox, It is less than the\\ncommon Jackal, and is sometimes tamed, and kept in a\\ndbmei^tic state.\\nX U", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0341.jp2"}, "340": {"fulltext": "524 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE DOG,\\nTh\u00c2\u00a3 services of this truly valuable creature have been\\nso eminently useful to the domestic interests of men in\\nall ages, that to give the history of the Do^ would be\\nTittle less than to trace mankind back to their original\\nstate of simplicity and freedom, to mark the progress of\\ncivilization through the various changes of the world,\\nand to follow attentively the gradual advancement of that\\norder which placed man at the head of the animal world,\\nand gave him a manifest superiority over every part of\\nthe brute creation.\\nIf we consider for a moment the state of man without\\nthe aid of this useful domestic; with what arts shall he\\noppose the numerous host of foes that surround him on\\nall sides, seeking every opportunity to encroach upon his\\npossessions, to destroy his labours, or endanger his per-\\nsonal safety; or how shall he bring into subjection such\\nas are necessary for his well-being? His utmost vigilance\\nwill not be sufficient to secure him from the rapacity of\\nthe one, nor his greatest exertions enable him to over-\\ncome the speed of the other. To maintain his indepen-\\ndence, to insure his safety, and to provide for his sup-\\nport, it was necessary that some one among the animals\\nshould be brought over to his assistance, whose zeal and\\nfeielity might be depended on And where, amidst all\\nthe various orders of animated being, could one be found\\nso entirely adapted to this purpose where could one be\\nfound so bold, so tractable, and so obedient as the Dog?\\nTo confirm the truth of these observations, we need\\nonly turn our attention to the present condition of those", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0342.jp2"}, "341": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. S^5\\nnations tjOl yet emerged from s state of barbarism, where\\nthe uses of the Dog are but little known or attended to,\\nand we will find that they lead a precarious and wretch-\\ned life of perpetual warfare vwith the still more savage in-\\nhabitants of the Forest, with which they are obliged to\\ndispute the possession of their uncultivated fields, and, not\\nunfrequently, to divide with them the fruits of their la-\\nbours.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 From hence we may conclude, that the attention\\nof mankind, in the earliest ages, would be engaged in\\ntraining and rendering this animal subservient to the im-\\nportant purposes of domestic utility and the result of\\nthis art has been the conquest and peaceable possession\\nof the earth.\\nOf all animals, the Dog seems most susceptible of\\nchange, and most easily modified by difference of cli-\\nmate, food, and education not only the figure of his\\nbody, but his faculties, habits, and dispositions, vary in a\\nsurprising manner: Nothing appears constant in them\\nbut their internal conformation, which is alike in all j in\\nevery other respect, they are very dissimilar: They vary\\nin size, in figure, in the length of the nose and shape of\\nthe head, in the length and direction of the ears and tail,\\nin the colour, quality, and quantity of the hair :c. To\\nenumerate the different kinds, or mark the discrimina-\\ntions by which each is distinguished, would be a task as\\nfruitless as it would be impossible to account for. this\\nw^onderful variety, or investigate the character of the pri-\\nmitive stock from which they have sprung, would be\\nequally vain. Of this only we are certain, that, in every\\nage^ Dogs have been found possessed of qualities most\\nadmirably adapted for the various purposes to which they", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0343.jp2"}, "342": {"fulltext": "526 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nhave beai from time to time applied.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 We have seen^ in\\nthe history of the Cow and the Sheep, that those animals\\nwhich have been long under the management of man,\\nnever preserve Jhe stamp of nature in its original purity.\\nIn w^ild animalSj which still enjoy their natiiral freedom\\nfrom restraint, and have the independent choice of food\\n\u00c2\u00abind climate, this impression is still faithfully preserved;\\nbut those which man has subdued, transported from cli-\\nmate to climate, changed their food, habits and manner\\nof living, must necessarily have suffered the greatest alter-\\nations in their form and as the Dog, of all other do-\\nmestic animals, is most accustomed to this influence, is\\nendowed with dispositions the most docile and obedient,\\nis susceptible of every impression, and submissive to every\\nrestraint, we need not wonder that he should be subject\\nto the greatest variety. To an attentive observer of the\\ncanine race, it is truly wonderful and curious to observe\\nthe rapid changes and singular combinations of forms,\\narising from promiscuous intercourse, which every where\\npresent themselves: They appear in endless succession,\\nand seem more like the effect of whimsical caprice than\\nthe regular and uniform production of Nature So that,\\nin whatever light we consider the various mixtures which\\n^t present abound, and render every idea of a systematic\\narrangement dubious and problematical, we may fairly\\npresume, that the services of the Dog would be first re=\\nquired in maintaining and preserving the superiority of\\nman over those animals which were destined for his sup=\\nport.", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0344.jp2"}, "343": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS,\\nSS7\\nmiiii;:^\\n-^S -^^fev\\nTHE SHEPHERUs DOG.\\n{Cams domesticus, Lin.- Le Chien de Bcrger, Buff.)\\nThis useful animal, ever faithful to his charge, reigns\\nat the head of the flock; where he is better heard, and\\nmore attended to, than even the voice of the shepherd.\\nSafety, order, and discipline, are the fruits of his vigi-\\nlance and activity,.\\nIn those large tracts ef land which, in many parts of\\nour island, are solely appropriated to the feeding of\\nSheep and other cattle, this sagacious animal is of the\\nutmost importance. Immense flocks may be seen conti-\\nnually ranging over those extensive wilds, as far as the\\neye can reach, seemingly without controuh Their only\\nguide is the shepherd, attended by his Dog, the constant\\ncompanion of his toils: It receives his commands, and is\\nalways prompt to execute them; it is the watchful guar-\\ndian of the iiock, prevents them from stragghng, keeps\\nthem together, and conducts them iVom one part of their\\nX 4", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0345.jp2"}, "344": {"fulltext": "32S HtSTORY OF gUADRUPEDS.\\npasture to another; it will not suffer any strangers to mix\\nwith them, but carefully keeps off every intruder. In\\ndriving a number of Sheep to any distant part, a \\\\Yd\\\\-\\ntrained Dog never fails to confine them to the road,\\nwatches every avenue that leads from it where he takes\\nhis stand, threatening every delinquent: He pursues the\\nstragglers, if any should escape, and forces them into\\norder, without doing them the least injury. If the herds-\\nman be at any time absent from the flock, he depends\\nupon his Dog to keep them together; and as soon as he\\ngives the well-known signal, this faithful creature con-\\nducts them to his master, though at a considerable dis-\\ntance.\\nThere is a very remarkable singularity in the feet of\\nthe Shepherd s Dog, w^hich we have likewise observed in\\nthose of the Cur and the Spaniel. All of them have one\\nand some two toes more than most Dogs, though they\\nseem not to be of much use. They appear to be desti-\\ntute of muscles, and hang dangling at the hind part of\\nthe leg more like an unnatural excrescence than a neces-\\nsary part of the animal. But the adage, that Nature\\nhas made nothing in vain, ought to correct our decisions\\non their utility, which probably may exist unknown tons.\\nThis breed of Dogs, at present, appears to be pre-\\nserved, in the greatest purity, in the northern parts of\\nScotland; where its aid is highly necessary in managing\\nthe numerous herds of Sheep bred in those extensive\\nwilds.", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0346.jp2"}, "345": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF (QUADRUPEDS, 3^9\\nTHE CUR DOG,\\nIs a trusty and useful servant to the farmer and grazier;\\nand, although it is not taken notice of by naturalists as a\\ndistinct race, yet it is now so generally used, especially\\nin the North of England, and such great attention is paid\\nin breeding it, that v/e cannot help considering it as a\\npermanent kind.\\nThey are chiefly employed in driving cattle in which\\nway they are extremely us6ful. They are larger, strong-\\ner, and fiercer than the Shepherd s Dog and their hair\\nis smoother and shorter. They are mostly of a black and\\nwhite colour; their ears are half-pricked and many\\nof them are whelped with short tails, which seem as if\\nthey had been cut These are called Self-failed Dogs.\\nThey bite very keenly and as they always make their\\nattack at the heels, the cattle have no defence against\\nthem. In this way, they are more than a match for a\\nBull, which they quickly compel to run. ^Their sagacity\\nis uncommonly great They know their master s fields.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0347.jp2"}, "346": {"fulltext": "SSO HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nand are singularly attentive to the cattle that are in them\\n-\u00e2\u0080\u0094A good Dog watches, goes his rounds; and, if any\\nstrange cattle should happen to appear among the herd^\\nalthough unbidden, he quickly flies at them, and with\\nkeen bites obliges them to depart.\\nSimilar to the Cur, is that which is commonly used in\\ndriving cattle to the slaughter And as these Dogs liave\\nfrequently to go long journies, great strength, as well as\\nswiftness, is required for that purpose. They are there-\\nfore generally of a mixed kind, and unite in them the\\nseveral qualities of the Shepherd s Dog, the Cur, the\\nMastiff, and the Greyhound. Thus, by a judicious mix-\\nture of different kinds, the services of the Dog are ren-\\ndered still more various and extensive, and the great pur*\\nposes of domestic utility more fully answered.", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0348.jp2"}, "347": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nS3;\\n==^r^~Siv*^ \u00c2\u00abSS5\\nTHE GREEKLA-KD BOG.\\n[Le Ciiien de Slbine, BufF.)\\nThe savage aspect and disposition of this Dog seem to\\nbear some affinity to the rigours of the climate it inba-^\\nbits.\\nThe Pomeranian or Wolf Dog of M. Buffon, the Si-\\nberian, Lapland, and Iceland Dogs are somewhat similar\\nto it in the sharpness of their muzzles, in their long shag-\\ngy hair, and bushy curling tails. The principal differ-\\nence is in their size. Though much larger, they all of\\nthem have some resemblance to the Shepherd s Dog.\\nMost of the Greenland Dogs are white, but some are\\nspotted, and some black. They may rather be said to\\nhowl than bark. The Greenlanders sometimes eat their\\nflesh They make garments of their skins, and use them\\nJn drawing sledges to which they yoke them, four,-live.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0349.jp2"}, "348": {"fulltext": "33^ HISTORY OF (QUADRUPEDS.\\nand sometimes six together.*-\u00e2\u0080\u0094 r-The Dogs ofKainscliat-\\nka are commonly black or vf hite. They .^re strong, nim-\\nble, and active/ and are very useful in drawing sledges,\\nthe only method of Iravelling in that dreary coantry du-\\nring the winter. They travel with great expedition.\\nCaptain King relates, that^ during his stay there, a cou-\\nrier with dispatches, drawn by them, performed a jour-\\nney of 270 miles in less than four days.\\nThe sledges are usually drav/n by five Dogs, four of\\nthem yoked two and two abreast The foremost acts as a\\nleader to the rest. The reins being fastened to a collar\\nround the leading Dog-s neck, are of little use in direct-\\ning the pack; the driver depending chiefly upon their\\nobedience to his voice, with which be animates them to\\nproceed. Great care and attention are consequently used\\nin training up those for leaders, which are more valuable\\naccording to their steadiness and docility the sum of\\nforty roubles, or ten pounds, being no unusual price for\\none of them. The rider has a crooked stick, answering\\nthe purpose both of whip and reins j with which, by\\nstriking on the snow, he regulates the speed of the Dogs,\\nor stops them at his pleasure. When they are inatten-\\ntive to their duty, he often chastises them by throwing it\\nat them. He discovers great dexterity in regaining his\\nstick, which is the greatest difficulty attending his situa-\\ntion for if he should happen to lose it, the Dogs imme-\\ndiately discover the circumstance, and never fail to set\\noff at full speed, and continue to run till their strength is\\nexhausted, or till the carriage is overturned, and dashed\\nto pieces, or hurried down a precipice.\\nFive oftlie?e Dogs, that had escaped with their trappings,\\nwere found in Greenland, and brought to this country a few years\\nag\u00c2\u00a9 by one of our ships in the fishery.", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0350.jp2"}, "349": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF ouadrupi:ds. 333\\nIn December, 1784, a Dog was left by a smuggling\\nvessel near Boomer, on the coast of Northumberland.\\nFinding himself deserted, he began to worry Sheep; and\\ndid so much damage, that he became the terror of the\\ncountry within a circuit of above twenty miles. We are\\nassured, that when he caught a Sheep, he bit a whole in\\nits right side, and after eating the tailov/ about the kid^\\nneys, left it: Several of them, thus lacerated, w^ere found\\nalive by the shepherds; and being taken proper care of,\\nsome of them recovered, and afterwards had- lambs.\\nFrom his delicacy in this respect, the destruction he\\nmade may in some measure be conceived as it may be\\nsupposed, that the fat of one Sheep in a day would hard-\\nly satisfy his hunger. The farmers were so much a-\\njarmed by his depredations, that various means were\\nused for his destruction. They frequently pursued him\\nwith Hounds, Greyhounds, c. but when the Dogs\\ncame up with him, he laid down on his back, as if sup-\\nplicating for mercy; and in that position they never hurt\\nhim: He therefore laid quietly, taking his rest till the\\nhunters approached, when he made off, without bting\\nfollowed by the Hounds, till they were again excited to\\nthe pursuit, which always terminated unsuccessfully.\\nIt is worthy of notice, that he was one day pursued\\nfrom Howick to upwards of thirty miles disrance; but\\nreturned thither, and killed Sheep the same evening.-^\\nHis constant residence, during the day, was upon a rock\\non the Heugh-hill, near Howick, where he had a view\\nof four roads that approached it; and in March, l :S5,\\nafter many fruitless attempts, he was at last c^bot thc:o.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0351.jp2"}, "350": {"fulltext": "334\\nHISTORY OF (JUADRUPEDSc\\nTHE BULL-BOG,\\nIs the fiercest of all the Dog kind, and is probably the\\niTiOst courageous creature in the world. It is low in sta=\\nture but very strong and muscular. Irs nose is short\\nand the under jaw projects beyond the upper, which\\ngives it a fierce and unpleasing aspect.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Its courage in\\ni ttacking the Bull is well known: Its fury in seizings\\nJind its invincible obstinacy in maintaining its hold, are\\ntruly astonishing. It always aims at the front and ge-\\nnerally fastens upon the lip, the tongue^ the eye, or some\\npart of the face where it hangs, in spite of every e^ort\\nof the Bull to disengage hlm.self.\\nThe uncommon ardour of these Dogs in fighiing will\\nbe best illustrated by the following fact, related by an\\neye-witness; which at the same time corroborates, in\\nsome degree, that v/onderful account of the Dogs of\\nEpiruSj given by Elian, and quoted by Dr. Goldsmith in\\ntlie history of the Dog: Some years ago, at a bull-\\nbaiting in the North of England, when that barbarous\\ncustom was very common, a young man.^ confident di", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0352.jp2"}, "351": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF S^ADRUPEDS.\\n3S5\\nthe courage of his Dog, laid some trifling wager, that\\nhe would, at separate times, cut off all the four feet of\\nhis Dog and that, after every amputation, it would at-\\ntack the Bull. The cruel experiment was tried, and the\\nDog continued to seize the Bull as eagerly as if he had\\nbeen perfectly whole.\\nOf late years this inhuman custom of baiting the Bull\\nhas been almost entirely laid aside in the North of Eng-\\nland and, consequently, there are now few of this kind\\nof Dogs to be seen.\\nAs the Bull-Dog always makes his attack without\\nbarking, it is very dangerous to approach him alone,\\nwithout the greatest precaution.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0353.jp2"}, "352": {"fulltext": "336\\nHISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE MASTIFF,\\n(Cams MolossiiSj Liii. Le JDogue, Buff.)\\nIs much larger and stronger than the Bull-Dog its ears\\nare more pendulous; its lips are large and loose; its as-\\npect is sullen and grave, and its bark loud and terrific.\\nHe seems every way formed for the important trust of\\nguarding and securing the valuable property committed\\nto his care. Houses, gardens, yards, :c. arc safe from\\ndepredations whilst in his custody. Confined during the\\nday, as soon as the gates are locked, he is left to range\\nat full liberty: He then goes round the premisses, exa-\\nmines every part of them, and by loud barkings gives no-\\ntice that he is ready to defend his charge.\\nDr. Caius^ in his curious treatise on British Dogs, tells\\nus, that three of these animals v^ere reckoned a match\\nfor a Bear, and four for a Lion.", "height": "3910", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0354.jp2"}, "353": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 337\\nWe have a curious account, recorded in Slew s An-\\nnals, of an engagement between three Mastiffs, and a\\nLion, in the presence of James the First. One of the\\nDogs being put into the den, was soon disabled by the\\nLion, which took it by the head and neck, and dragged\\nit about Another Dog was then let loose, and served in\\nthe same manner: But the third being put in, immedi-\\nately seized the Lion by the lip, and held him for a con-\\nsiderable time till being severely torn by his claws, the\\nDog was obliged to quit its hold and the Lion, greatly\\nexhausted in the conflict, refused to renew the engage-\\nment but taking a sudden leap over the Dogs, fled into\\nthe interior pait of his den. Two of the Dogs soon died\\nof their wounds The last survived, and was taken great\\ncare of by the king s son who said, he that had\\nfought with the king of beasts, should never after fight\\nwith any inferior creature.\\nThe Mastiffs of Great-Britain were noted in the time\\nof the Roman Emperors, who appointed an officer, whose\\nsole business it wds to breed and send from hence such as\\nwould prove equal to the combats of the amphitheatre.\\nThe following anecdote will shew, that the Mastiff^\\nconscious of its superior strength, know s how to chastise\\nthe impertinence of an inferior A large Dog of this\\nkind, belonging to the late M. Ridley, Esq. of Heatton^\\nnear Newcastle, being frequently molested by a Mongi el,\\nand teazed by its continual barking, at last took it up in\\nhis mouth by the back, and with great composure diop-\\nped it over the quay into the river, w ithout doing any\\nfurther injury to an enemy so much his inferior.\\nThe Mastiff, in its pure and unmixed state, is now se!-\\nY", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0355.jp2"}, "354": {"fulltext": "338 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\ndom to be met with. The generality of Dogs distin-\\nguished by that name, seem to be compounded of the\\nBull-Dog, Danish Mastiff, and the Ban-Dog.\\nTHE BAJV DOG,\\nIs a variety of this fierce tribe, not often to be seen at\\npresent. It is lighter, smaller, more active and vigilant,\\nthan the Mastiff, but not so powerful its nose is smal-\\nler, and possesses, in some degree, the scent of the\\nHound its hair is rougher, and generally of a yellowish-\\ngray, streaked with shades of a black or brown colour.\\nIt does not invariably, like the preceding kinds, attack its\\nadversary in front, but frequently seizes cattle by the\\nflank. It attacks with eagerness, and its bite is keen\\nand dangerous.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0356.jp2"}, "355": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n339\\nTHE DALMATIAN, OR COACH DOG,\\n(Le Braque de Bengal, Buff.)\\nHas been erroneously called the Danish Dog and, by M.\\nBuffon, the Harrier of Bengal but for what reason it is\\ndifficult to ascertain, as its incapacity of scenting is suffi-\\ncient to destroy all affinity to any dog employed in the\\npursuit of the Hare.\\nIt is common in this country at present, and is fre-\\nquently kept in genteel houses, as an elegant attendant on\\na carriage.- We do not, however, admire the cruel prac-\\ntice of depriving the poor animal of its ears, in order to\\nencrease its beauty; a practice so general, that we do\\nnot remember ever to have seen one of these Dogs un-\\njnijtilated in that vfay.\\nY 2", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0357.jp2"}, "356": {"fulltext": "340\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE IRISH GRETHOtfJVD,\\n(Canis Grains Hibernicus^ Ray. Le Matin Buff.)\\nIs the largest of the Dog kind, and its appearance the\\nmost beautiful and majestic It is only to be found in\\nIreland, where it was formerly of great use in clearing\\nthe country from Wolves. It is now extremely rare,\\nand is kept rather for show^ than use, being equally un-\\nserviceable for hunting either the Stag, the Fox, or the\\nHare.\\nThese Dogs are about three feet high, generally of a\\nwhite or cinnamon colour, and made somewhat like a\\nGreyhound, but more robust Their aspect is mild, and", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0358.jp2"}, "357": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 341\\ntheir disposition gentle and peaceable Their strength is\\nso great, that in combat the Mastiff or Bull-Dog is far\\nfrom being equal to them. They mostly seize their anta-\\ngonists by the back, and shake them to death, which\\ntheir great size generally enables them to do with ease.\\nM. Buffon supposes the Great Danish Dog to be only a\\nvariety of the Irish Greyhound. Next to this, in size\\nand strength, is\\nTHE SCOTTISH HIGHLAND GREY-\\nHOUMD, OR WOLF-DOG;\\nWh ic H was formerly used by the chieftains of that coun-\\ntry in their grand bunting parties, One of them, which\\nwe saw some years ago, was a large, powerful, fierce-\\nlooking Dog; its ears were pendulous, and its eyes half\\nhid in the hair; its body was strong and muscular, and\\ncovered with harsh, w iry, reddish hair, mixed with white.\\nTHE GAZEHOUJ^D,\\nWas somewhat similar to the Greyhound; and, like that\\nanimal, hunted only by the eye. It was formerly in\\ngreat repute, but is now unknown to us. It was used in\\nhunting either the Fox, the Hare, or the Stag. It would\\nselect from the rest the fattest Deer, pursue it by the eye,\\nand though it should rejoin the herd, would infallibly fix\\nupon the same, and pursue it till taken.\\nY 3", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0359.jp2"}, "358": {"fulltext": "342\\nHISTORY or gUADKUPEl?^.\\nIP\\nHE GRETHOUJfD,\\nfCanis Grains^ Lin. Le Levrier^ BufF.)\\nM. BufFon supposes to be the Irish Greyhound, rendered\\nthinner and more delicate by the difference of climate\\nand culture But whatever truth there may be in the\\nfanciful arrangement of that ingenious author, there is\\nan evident similarity of form in all of those just mention-\\ned; particularly in the depth of the chest, in the length\\nof the legs, and in the smallness of the muzzle.\\nThe Greyhound is the fleetest of all Dogs, and can\\noutrun eveiy animal of the chase; but as it wants the fa-\\nculty of scenting, it only follows by the eye. It was for-\\nmerly held in such estimation, as to be considered the pe-\\nculiar companion of gentlemen; and, by the forest law^s\\nof King Canute, it was enacted, that no person under\\nthat degree should presume to keep a Greyhound.\\nThe Small Italian Greyhound \\\\s not above half the size,\\nbut perfectly similai in form Its shape is exquisitely", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0360.jp2"}, "359": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 343\\nbeautiful and delicate. It is not common in this country,\\nthe climate being too rigorous for the extreme delicacy\\n\u00c2\u00a9f its constitution.\\nTHE LTEMMER,\\nSo called from its being led in a thong, and slipped at\\nthe game. Dr. Caius informs us, that it hunted both by\\nthe scent and sight; and, in its form, was between the\\nHound and the Greyhound, It is now unknown to us.\\nTHE LURCHER,\\nIs less and shorter than the Greyhound, and its limbs\\nstronger; Its body is covered with a rough coat of hair,\\nmost commonly of a pale-yellow colour; its aspect is sul-\\nlen, and its habits, from whence it derives its name, ai e\\ndark and cunning.\\nY 4", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0361.jp2"}, "360": {"fulltext": "344 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nAs this Dog possesses the advantage of a fine scent, it\\nis often employed in killing Hares and Rabbits in the\\nnight time. When taken to the waiTen, it steals out\\nwith the utmost precaution, watches and scents the Rab-\\nbits while they are feeding, and darts upon them without\\nbarking or making the least noise. One of them will\\nsingly make incredible havock in a short time and is so\\ntrained, as to bring its booty to its master, who waits in\\nsome convenient place to receive it.^ They are so de-\\nstructive, and have been so often employed in illicit prac-\\ntices, that they are now, with great propriety, proscribed,\\nand the breed is almost extinct.\\nAnother Dog of this family, formerly in use, but now\\nonly known to us by its name, is\\nTHE TUMBLER,\\nWhich was so called from its cunning manner of taking\\nRabbits and other game. It did not run directly at\\nthem, but, in a careless and inattentive manner, tum-\\nbled itself about till it came within reach of its prey,\\nwhich it always seized by a sudden spring.\\nWe have seen a Dog and a Bitch of this kind in the posses-\\nsion of a man who had formejly used them for the purpose above\\ndescribed. He declared, that he could at that time procure in an\\nevening as many Rabbits with them as he could carry home.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0362.jp2"}, "361": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 345\\nTHE TERRIER,\\nHas a most acute smell, is generally an attendant on eve-\\nry pack of Hounds, and is very expert in forcing Foxes\\nor other game out of their coverts. It is the determined\\nenemy of all the vermin kind; such as Weasels, Fou-\\nmarts, Badgers, Rats, Mice, c. It is fierce, keen, and\\nhardy; and, in its encounters with the Badger, some^\\ntime meets with very severe treatment, which it sustains\\nwith great courage and fortitude. A well-trained veteran\\nDog frequently proves more than a match for that hard-\\nbitten animal.\\nThere are two kinds of Terriers, the one roughs\\nshort-legged, long-backed, very strong and most com-\\nmonly of a black or yellowish colour, mixed with white\\nthe other is smooth, sleek, and beautifully formed, having\\na shorter body, and more sprightly appearance: It is ge-\\nnerally of a reddish-brown colour, or black, with tanned\\nlegs; and is similar to the rough Terrier in disposition.\\nand faculties, but inferior in size, sti*ength, and hardi-\\nness.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0363.jp2"}, "362": {"fulltext": "34f6\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDi.\\nTHE BEAGLE,\\nOf those Dogs that are kept for the business of the\\nchase in this country, the Beagle is the smallest, and is\\nonly used in hunting the Hare. Although far inferior in\\npoint of speed to that animal, it follows by the exquisite-\\nness of its scent, and traces her footsteps through all her\\nvarious windings with great exactness and perseverance.\\nIts tones are soft and musical, and add greatly to the\\npleasures of the chase.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0364.jp2"}, "363": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nS47\\nTHE HARRIER,\\n(Le Braque^ Buff.)\\nWhich chiefly differs from the Beagle in being somewhat\\nlarger, is very nimble and vigorous. It pursues the Hare\\nw^ith the most impetuous eagerness, and gives her no\\ntime to breathe nor double. The most eager sportsmen\\ngenerally find it sufficient exercise to keep in with their\\nspeed. They exert their voices with great chearfulness,\\nand make delightful harmony,\\nA mixt breed, between this and the large Terrier,\\nfonns a strong, active, and haidy Hound, used in hunt-\\ning the Otter. It is rough, wire-haired, thick-quartered,\\nlong-eared, and thin- shouldered.\\nThere is reason to suppose, that the Beagle and the\\nHarrier must have been introduced into Great-Britain af-\\nter the Romans became masters of the island; as, before", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0365.jp2"}, "364": {"fulltext": "34^8\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nthat period, the Britons were occupied in clearing their\\nextensive forests of the various v/ild beasts, such as Wild-\\nBoars, Bears, Wolves, Sec. with which they abounded;\\nand, for that purpose, larger and stronger Dogs than the\\nHaiTier or the Beagle would be required.\\nTHE FOX-HOUJVD.\\nNo country in Europe can boast of Fox-hounds equal\\nin swiftness, strength, or agility, to those of Britain;\\nwhere the utmost attention is paid to their breeding,\\neducation, and maintenance. The climate also seems\\ncongenial to their nature for it has been said, that when\\nHounds of the English breed have been sent into France\\nor other countries, they quickly degenerate, and in some\\ndegree lose those qualities for which they were originally\\nso admirable.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0366.jp2"}, "365": {"fulltext": "HISTORY GF QUADRUPEDS. 349\\nIn England, the attachment to the chase, is in some\\nmeasure considered as a trait in the national character\\nconsequently, it is not to be wondered at that our Dogs\\nand Horses should excel all others in that noble diversion.\\nThis propensity appears to be encreasing in the nation\\nand no price seems now thought too great for Hounds of\\nknown excellence.^\\nThe Fox -Hounds generally preferred are tall, light-\\nmade, but strong, and possessed of great courage, speed,\\nand activity.\\nThe habits and faculties, of these Dogs are so generally\\nknown, as to render any description unnecessary.\\nDogs of the same kind are also trained to the hunting\\nof the Stag and other Deer.\\nThe following anecdote affords a proof of their won-\\nderful spirit in supporting a continuity of exertion\\nMany years since, a very large Stag, was turned out\\nof Whinfield Park, in the county of Westmoreland, and\\npursued by the Hounds till, by fatigue or accident, the\\nwhole pack were thrown out, except two staunch and\\nfavourite Dogs, which continued the chase the greatest\\npail of the day. The Stag returned to the park from\\nwhence he set out and, as his last effort, leapt the\\nwall, and expired a-s soon as he had accomplished iu\\nOne of the Hounds pursued to the wall but being un-\\nable to get over it, laid down, and almost immediately\\nexpired The other was also found dead at a small dis-\\ntance.\\nThe length of the chase is uncertain But, as they\\nwere seen at Red- kirks, near Annan, in Scotland, distant,\\nIn 1788, Mr. Noel s pack was sold to Sn Wm. Lowther Bart,\\nfor 1000 guineas.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0367.jp2"}, "366": {"fulltext": "350 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nby the post-road, about forty-six miles, it is conjectured,\\nthat the circuitous and uneven course they might be sup-\\nposed to take, would not be less than one hundred and\\ntwenty miles.\\nTo commemorate this fact, the horns of the Stag,\\nvvhich were the largest ever seen in that part of the\\ncoimtry, were placed on a tree of a most enormous size,\\nin the pai k, (afterwards called the Hart-horn tree) ac-\\ncompanied with this inscription,\\nHercules kiird Hart o Greece\\nAnd Hart o Greece kill d Hercules/\\nThe horns have been since removed, and are now\\nat Julian s Bower, in the same county.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0368.jp2"}, "367": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS,\\nS5l\\nTHE OLD EJ^GLISH HOUJfD,\\n^Canis Sagax, Lin. Le Chien currant^ Buff.)\\nIs described by Whitaker, in his History of Manchester,\\nas the original breed of England, used by the ancient\\nBritons in the chase of the larger kinds of game, with\\nwhich their country abounded.\\nThis valuable Hound is distinguished by its great size\\nand strength. Its body is long, its chest deep, its ears\\nlong and sweeping, and the tone of its voice is peculiarly\\ndeep and mellow. From the particular formation of its\\norgans, or from the extraordinary moisture that alwa} s\\nadheres to its nose and lips, or perhaps from some other\\nunknown cause, it is endued with the most exquisite\\nsense of smelling, and can often distinguish the scent an\\nhour after the lighter Beagles have given it up. Their", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0369.jp2"}, "368": {"fulltext": "352 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nslowness also disposes them to receive the directions of\\nthe huntsman But as they are able to hunt a cold scent,\\nthey are too apt to make it so by their want of speed,\\nand tedious exactness.\\nThese Dogs were once common in ever} part of Great-\\nBritain, and were formerly much larger than at present.\\nThe breed, which has been gradually declining, and\\nits size studiously diminished by a mixture of other kinds\\nin order to increase its speed, is now almost extinct.\\nIt seems to have been accurately described by Shake-\\nspeare, in the following lines.\\nMy Hounds are bred out of the Spartan kind,\\nSo fiew d, so sanded; and their heads are hung\\nWith ears that s\\\\^eepaway the morning dew;\\nCrook-kneed and dew-lap d, like Thessalian bulls;\\nSlow in pursuit; but match d in mouth like belis,\\nEach under each.\\nBesides these, there is a variety called the Kibble-\\nBound, produced by a mixture of the Beagle and the Old\\nEnglish Hound.\\nTHE BLOOD HOUJ^D,\\nWas in great request with our ancestors; and as it was\\nremarkable for the fineness of its scent, it was frequently\\nemployed in recovering game that had escapied wounded\\nfrom the hunter. It could follow, with great certainty,\\nthe footsteps of a man to a considerable distance And in\\nbarbarous and uncivilized times, when the thief or mur-\\nderer had fled, this useful creature would trace liim\\nthrough the thickest and most secret covert.; nor would\\nit cease its pursuit till it had taken the felon. For this\\nreason, there was a lav/ in Scotland, that whoever de-", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0370.jp2"}, "369": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. S5S\\nnied entrance to one of these Dogs in pursuit of stol en\\ngoods, should be deemed an accessary.\\nBlood- Hounds were formerly used in certain districts\\nlying between England and Scotland, which were much\\ninfested by robbers and murderers and a tax was laid\\nupon the inhabitants for keeping and maintaining a cer-\\ntain number of them. But, as the arm of justice is now\\nextended over every part of the country, and there are no\\nsecret recesses where villainy may lie concealed, these\\nservices are no longer necessary.\\nIn Scotland, it was distinguished by the name of the\\nSleuth Hound.\\nSome few of these Dogs are still kept in the southern\\npart of the kingdom, and are used in pursuit of Deer\\nthat have been previously w^ounded by a shot to draw\\nblood, the scent of vv^hich enables them to pursue with\\nmost unerring steadiness. They are sometimes employ-\\ned in discovering deer- stealers, whom they infallibly track\\nby the blood that issues from the wounds of their victims.\\nThey are also said to be kept in convents, situated in\\nthe lonely and mountainous countries of Switzerland,\\nboth as a guard to the sacred mansion, as well as to find\\nout the bodies of men that have been unfortunately lost\\nin crossing those wild and dreaiy tracts.\\nThe Blood- Hound is taller than the Old English\\nHound, most beautifully fonned, and superior to every\\nother kind in activity, speed, and sagacity. They sel-\\ndom bark, except in the chase; they ai^e commonly of a\\nreddish or brown colour.\\nA Hound bitch, belonging to the Rivington hunt,\\nnear Bolton, pupped four whelps during a hai d chase,\\nZ", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0371.jp2"}, "370": {"fulltext": "354 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nwhich she carefully covered in a rush aisle, and immedi-\\nately after joined the pack. Shortly after, she pupped\\nanother, which she carried in her mouth during the re-\\nmainder of a chase of many miles After which, she\\nreturned to the place where she had dropped the four.\\nSomervile thus beautifully describes their mode of\\npursuing the nightly spoiler.\\nSoon the sagacious brute, his curling tail\\nFlourish d in air, low bending, plies around\\nHis busy nose, the steaming vapour snufFs\\nInquisitive, nor leaves one turf untry d,\\nTill, conscious of the recent stains, his heart\\nBeats quick his snuffling nose, his active tail,\\nAttests his joy Then with deep-op ning mouth,\\nThat makes the welkin tremble, he proclaims\\nTh audacious felon: Foot by foot he marks\\nHis winding way, while all the list ning crowd\\nApplaud his reas nings: O er the wat ry ford,\\nDry sandy heaths, and stony barren hills;\\nO er beaten paths, with men and beasts distain d,\\nUnerring he pursues, till at the cot\\nArriv d, and seizing by his guilty throat\\nThe caitiff* vile, redeems the captive prey\\nSo exquisitely delicate his sense", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0372.jp2"}, "371": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 355\\nTHE SPAJSriSH POIJVTERy\\n(Call is Avtcularhis, Lin.)\\nIs of a foreign origin, as its name seems to imply but it\\nis now natm alized in England, which has long been\\nfamous for Dogs of this kind the greatest attention be-\\ning paid to preserve the breed in its utmost purit}^\\nThis Dog is remarkable for the aptness and facility\\nwith which it receives instruction. It may be said to be\\nalmost self-taught whilst the English Pointer requires\\nthe greatest care and attention in breaking and training\\nto the sport. The Spanish pointer, however, is not so\\ndurable and hardy, nor so able to undergo the fatigues of\\nan extensive range. It is chiefly employed in finding\\npartridges, pheasants, Sec. either for the gun or the net.\\nIt is said, that an English nobleman (Robert Dudly,\\nDuke of Northumberland) was the first that broke a Set-\\nting-Dog to the net.\\nZ 2", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0373.jp2"}, "372": {"fulltext": "366\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n^t:^N^\\nTHE EJ^/GLISH SETTER,\\nIs a hardy, active, handsome Dog. Its scent is exqui-\\nsite and it ranges with great speed and wonderful per-\\nseverance. Its sagacity in discovering the various kinds\\nof game, and its caution in approaching them, are truly\\nastonishing. But as the uses of this valuable Dog are so\\nwell known, we will conclude with the following beau^\\ntiful quotation from Somervile:\\nWhen autumn smiles, all-beauteous in decay,\\nAnd paints each chequer d grove with various hues,\\nMy Setter ranges in the new-shorn fields,\\nHis nose in air erect; from ridge to ridge\\nPanting he bounds, his quarter d ground divides\\nIn eoiial intervals, nor careless leaves\\nOne inch untry d At length the tainted gales\\nHis nostrils wide inhale; quick jov elates\\nHis beating heart, which, aw d by discipline\\nSevere, he dares not own, but cautious creeps^\\nLow-cow ring, step by step at last attains\\nHis proper distance there he stops at once,\\nAnd points with his instructive no?eupoii\\nThe trembling prey.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0374.jp2"}, "373": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n357\\nTHE MEWFOU^DLAJfD DOG,\\nThe drawing of this Dog was taken from a very fine\\none at Eslington, in the county of Northumberland. Its\\ndimensions were as follow\\nFrom its nose to the end of its tail, it measured\\nsix feet two inches the length of its tail, one foot ten\\ninches from one fore foot right over its shoulders to the\\nother, five feet seven inches girt behind the shoulder,\\nthree feet two inches round its head over its ears, two\\nfeet round the upper part of its fore leg, nine inches\\nand a half. It was web-footed, coi^ld swim extremely\\nfast, dive with great ease, and bring up any thing from\\nZ 3", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0375.jp2"}, "374": {"fulltext": "358 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS,\\nthe bottom of the water. It was naturally fond of fish p\\nand ate raw trouts, or other small fish, out of the nets.\\nThis breed of Dogs was originally brought from the\\ncountry of which they bear the name, where their great\\nstrength and docility render them extremely useful to the\\nsettlers on those coasts, who use them in bringing down\\nwood from the interior parts of the country to the sea-\\nside Thi-ee or four of them yoked to a sledge v/ill draw\\ntwo or three hundred weight of wood piled upon it, for\\nseveral miles, with great ease They are not attended\\nwith a driver, nor any person to guide them but after\\nhaving delivered their loading, they return immediately\\nto the woods, where they are accustomed to be fed with\\ndried fish, c.\\nThe extraordinary sagacity of these Dogs, and their at-\\ntachment to their masters, render them highly valuable in\\nparticular situations.\\nDuring a severe storm,, in the winter of 1789, a ship,\\nbelonging to Newcastle, was lost near Yarmouth and a\\nNewfoundla.nd Dog alone escaped to shore, bringing in\\nhis mouth the captain s pocket book. He landed amidst\\na number of people, several of whom in vain endeavour-\\ned to take it from him. The sagacious animal, as if sen-\\nsible of the importance of the ehai ge, Vv^hich in all proba-\\nbility was delivered to him by his perishing master, at\\nlength leapt fav/ningly against the breast of a man, who\\nhad attracted his notice among the crov. d, and delivered\\nthe book to him. The Dog immediately returned to the\\nplace where he had landed, and v/atched with great at-\\ntention for every tiling that came from the vrrecked ves-\\nsel, seizing them, and endeavouring to bring them ta\\nland.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0376.jp2"}, "375": {"fulltext": "369\\nHISTORY OP QUADRUPEDS.\\nThe following is another instance of their great doci-\\nlity and strength of observation -A gentleman walking\\nby the side of the river Tyne, and observing, on the op-\\nposite side, a child fall into the water, gave notice to his\\nDog, which immediately jumped in, swam over, and\\ncatching hold of the child with its mouth brought it safe\\nto land.\\nZ 4", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0377.jp2"}, "376": {"fulltext": "S6o\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nHiiumwii iji\\nTHE LARGE ROUGH fFATER DOG,\\n{Cams aviarius AqiiaticiiSi Lin.\\nBuff.)\\n-Le Grand Barhet,\\nIs web-footed, swims with great ease, and is used in\\nhunting ducks and other aquatic birds. From its aptness\\nto fetch and carry, it is frequently kept on board of ships,\\nfor the purpose of recovering any thing that has fallen\\noverboai^d and is likewise useful in taking up birds that\\nare shot, and drop into the sea.\\nThere is a variety much smaller. -They are both re-\\nmarkable for their long and shaggy coat, which frequent-\\nly incommodes them by growing over their eyes.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0378.jp2"}, "377": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nS6l\\nTHE LARGE WATER SPAMIEL,\\nTh e drawing of this beautiful animal was made from\\none of the finest of its kind, in the possession of J. E.\\nBlackett, Esq. of Newcastle upon Tyne.\\nThis kind of Dog is valuable for its great docility and\\nattachment to its master. It receives instructions with\\nreadiness, and obeys v\\\\^ith uncommon alacrity. Its form\\nis elegant, its hair beautifully curled or crisped, its ears\\nlong, and its aspect mild and sagacious. It is fond of\\nthe water, and swims well. It is chiefly used in disco-\\nvering the haunts of wild-ducks and other water fo^vl,\\nand also in finding birds that have been shot or disabled.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094It is probably the Finder^ described by Caius.\\n/;/r/ N ifis^^i;;^^", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0379.jp2"}, "378": {"fulltext": "S62\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE SMALL WATER SPAMIEL,\\nIs similar to the other in form, habits, and disposition\\nand its capacity for receiving instruction is equally good.\\nWith looks of extreme attention and sensibility, it ob-\\nserves the motions of its master, and catches the well-\\nknown signal with amazing promptitude.\\nThe various tricks which these Dogs ai e sometimes\\ntaught to perform, seem more like the effect of reasoning\\npowers, than of undiscerning instinct.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0380.jp2"}, "379": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF OUADRirPEDS.\\n63\\nTHE SPRINGER, OR COCKER,\\nIs lively, active, and pleasant an unwearied pursuer of\\nits game and very expert in raising v/oodcocks and\\nsnipes from their haunts in woods and marshes, through\\nwhich it ranges with amazing perseverance.\\nOf the same kind is that beautiful little Dog, which,\\nin England, is well known under the appellation of\\nKi?ig Charleses Dog the favourite and constant compa-\\nnion of that monarch, who was generally attended by\\nseveral of them. It is still preserved as an idle but inno-\\ncent companion. Its long ears, curled hair, and web-\\nfeet, evidently point out its alliance with the more useful\\nand active kind last mentioned.\\nSimilar to this, but smaller, is the Pyrame-Dog. It is\\ngenerally black, with reddish-legs and above each eye is\\na spot of the same colour.\\nStill farther removed, ^ve ha^ e the Shock-Dog a di-\\nminutive creature, almost hid in the great quantity of its\\nhair, which covers it from head to foot.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0381.jp2"}, "380": {"fulltext": "S64^ HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nAnother variety is the Lion-Dog so called from the\\nshaggy hair which covers the head and all the fore part\\nof the body; whilst the hinder part is quite smooth, sav-\\ning a tuft of hair at the end of the tail.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 This species is\\nbecome extremely rare.\\nTHE COMFORTER,\\nIs a most elegant little animal, and is generally kept by\\nthe.ladies as an attendant of the toilette or the drawing-\\nFbom. It is very snappish, ill-natured, and noisy and\\ndoes not readily admit the familiarity of strangers.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0382.jp2"}, "381": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS. 3^5\\nTHE TURNSPIT,\\nIs generally long-bodied, has short crooked legs, its tail\\ncurled upon its back, and is frequently spotted with black\\nupon a blue-gray ground. It is peculiar in the colour of\\nits eyes the same Dog often having the iris of one eye\\nblack, and the other white.\\nIt is a bold, vigilant, and spirited little Dog, At pre-\\nsent, however, its services seem but little attended to\\na more certain method of doing the business of the spit\\nhaving superceded the labours of this industrious animaL\\nTHE PUG-DOG,\\nIn outward appearance, is every way formed like the\\nBull- Dog; but much smaller, audits tail is curled upon\\nits back. It was formerly very common in many parts\\nof England hawever, at present, it is rarely to be met\\nwith. Altliough it has no longer its admirers here, Mrs.\\nPiozzi informs us, that she saw great numbers at Padua,\\nin Italy, and that it still maintains its place in the flwour\\nof the fair- ones of that country.\\nFrom these, and a mixture of others, proceeds a nunir", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0383.jp2"}, "382": {"fulltext": "S^6 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nberless variety of Messets, Lap-Dogs, Dancers, Waps,\\nMongrels, and compounds Avithout end.\\nThat all these, however divided, compose one general\\nfamily, is apparent, from the facility with which they in-\\ntermix, produce, and re-produce. In all of them the\\nsame attachment to mankind, the same pliant and hum-\\nble disposition, submitting with patience to the various\\nindignities to v, hich they ai e exposed by their dependent\\nsituation, is eminently observable. Even those that, by\\naccident or neglect, have been abandoned, and become\\nwild, when taken home, ai e easily reclaimed by kindness\\nand attention They quickly become familiar, and conti-\\nnue faithfully attached to their masters. Multitudes of\\nthese aj-e to be found in South America, which have\\nsprung from those taken thither by the Europeans. They\\nbreed in holes in the gi ound, are formed somewhat like\\na Greyhound, have erect ears, are very vigilant, and ex-\\ncellent in the chase.\\nTo mention some of the more common instances of\\nthis creature s sagacity, by way of elucidating its general\\ncharacter, may not be amiss and amongst these, its care\\nin directing the steps of the blind man is not the ieast\\nworthy of notice. There ai^e few who have not seen an\\nunfortunate object of this description, led by his Dog,\\ntlirough the various passages of a populous town, to the\\naccustomed place where he sits to supplicate the contri-\\nbutions of passengers. It may sometimes be seen to stop\\nat paii;icular houses, to receive the morsel from the hand\\nof charity, or pick from the ground the money tlirown\\nout to relieve its miserable OAATxcr. When the day is\\npassed, it conducts him home again; and gratefully re-", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0384.jp2"}, "383": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 367\\nceives, as the reward of its services, the scanty pittance\\nwhich poverty and wretchedness can bestow.\\nDogs will sometimes imitate the actions of their mas-\\nters, will open a door that is fastened with a latch, or\\npull a bell, where they are desirous of gaining admit-\\ntance. Faber mentions one, belonging to a nobleman of\\nthe Medici family, which always attended at its master s\\ntable, took from him his plates and brought him others\\nand if he wanted v/ine, would carry it to him in a glass\\nplaced upon a silver plate which it held in its mouth,\\nwithout spilling the smallest drop. The same Dog\\nwould also hold the stirrups in its teeth, while its master\\nwas mounting his horse.\\nThat Dogs are capable of mutual attachment, is evi-\\ndent, from the well-known story of the Dog at St. Al-\\nban s; which, being left by its master at an inn there till\\nhe returned from London, and being ill-treated by a large\\nDog belonging to the house, stole privately off. It soon\\nreturned with a friend, that was much larger and strong-\\ner than itself; and both fell upon the aggressor, and pu-\\nnished him severely for his cruelty to a stranger.\\nThere are several peculiarities common to all animals\\nof the Dog kind, briefly mentioned by Linnaeus, with\\nwhich we shall conclude its history; the principal of\\nwhich are as follow; The Dog is carnivorous; its sto-\\nmach digests bones; it eats grass for a vomit; voids its\\nurine sideways, and commonly where other Dogs Ivdve\\ndone so before; smells at a stranger; scarcely ever\\nsweats, but lolls out his tongue when hot; remembers\\ninjuries done to it; is subject to the hydrophobia; its\\nsense of hearing very quick when asleep, is supposed to\\ndream goes with young sixty-three days, and brings", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0385.jp2"}, "384": {"fulltext": "368 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nforth from four to eight at one time. It bai ks at strange\\nDogs, snaps at a stone throA\\\\ai at it, howls at certain mu-\\nsical notes; when about to lie down, frequently goes\\nround the place; fawns at the approach of its master,\\nand will not patiently suffer any one to strike him runs\\nbefore him on a journey, often going over the same\\nground; on coming to cross ways, stops, looks back, and\\nwaits to observe which of them he takes; sits up and\\nbegs; and, when it has committed a theft, slinks av/ay\\nwith its tail between its legs; is an enemy to beggars\\nand ill-looking people, and attacks them without the least\\nprovocation; is also said to be sick at the approach of bad\\nweather. We cannot, however, agree w^ith the learned\\nnaturalist, when he asserts, that the male puppies resem-\\nble the Dog and the female the Bitch or that it is a\\ncharacter common to the whole species, that the tail al-\\nways bends to the left side. To these we may add, as\\nequally void of foundation, a remark of M. Buffon, that\\na female Hound, covered with a Dog of her own kind,\\nhas been known to produce a mixed race, consisting of\\nHounds and Terriers We barely mention these to\\nshew, that too much caution cannot be used in forming\\ngeneral characters or systematic arrangements and we\\nleave it to the experience of the most inattentive obser-\\nver to detect such palpable absurdities.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0386.jp2"}, "385": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n369\\nTHE HARE.\\n(Lepus timidus^ Lin. Le Lievre, BufF.)\\nThis harmless and inoffensive animal, destitute of eve-\\nry means of defence, and surrounded on all sides by its\\nenemies, would soon be utterly extirpated, if Nature,\\never kind and provident, had not endowed it with facul-\\nties, by which it is frequently enabled to evade their pur-\\nsuit.\\nFearful of every danger, and attentive to every alarm,\\nthe Hare is continually upon the watch; and being pro-\\nvided with very long ears, moveable at pleasure, and\\neasily directed to every quarter, is warned of the most\\ndistant approaches of danger. Its eyes are large and pro-\\nminent, adapted to receive the rays of light on every side,\\nand give notice of more immediate alarms. To these\\nmay be added its great swiftness, by which it soon leaves\\nmost of its pursuers far behind.- The hind are much\\nlonger than the fore legs, and are furnished with strong\\nAa", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0387.jp2"}, "386": {"fulltext": "370 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nmuscles, which give the Hare a singular advantage in\\nrunning up a hill Sensible of its powers in this re-\\nspect, it is always observed to fly towards rising ground\\nwhen first started.\\nThus formed for escape, the Hare might be supposed\\nto enjoy a state of tolerable security but as every rapa-\\ncious creature is its enemy, it is seldom permitted to live\\nout its natural term. Dogs and Foxes pursue it by in-\\nstinct; Wild- Cats 5 and Weasels of all kinds, catch and\\ndevour it; birds of prey are still more dangerous ene-\\nmies; whilst man, far more powerful than all, makes use\\nof every artifice to obtain an animal which constitutes\\none of the numerous delicacies of his table. If we were\\nto enumerate the various stratagems which ingenuity has\\nsuggested to circumvent this persecuted creature, we\\nwould willingly omit the notable achievements and gal-\\nlant exploits of the chase; which, to a cool and dispas-\\nsionate observer, seem to demand a nobler game.\\nPoor is the triumph o er the timid Hare.\\nAnother remarkable means of safety to the Hare is its\\ncolour, which, being similar to the ground where it sits,\\nsecures it from the sight of its enemies and, as a further\\ninstance of the care of Providence in the preservation of\\nits creatures, these, as well as some other animals in\\nmore northern regions, are observed to change their co-\\nlour, and become perfectly white during winter, which\\nrenders them less conspicuous in the snow. Some rare\\ninstances occur, of white Haines being met with in Great\\nBritain.\\nThe hare is very prolific, and breeds three or four\\ntimes in the year. The female goes with young thirty", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0388.jp2"}, "387": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 371\\ndays and generally brings forth three or four at a litter.\\nThe rutting season begins in February.\\nDuring the day, Hares sleep or repose in their seats,\\nand seldom remove from them; The night is the season\\nwhen they go about in search of food; and they are sure\\nto return to their forms or seats by the same paths which\\nthey took in leaving them.\\nTis instinct that directs the jealous Hare\\nTo chuse her soft abode. With step revers d,\\nShe forms the doubling maze; then, ere the morn\\nPeeps through the clouds, leaps to her close recess.\\nThe following instances of the sagacity of the Hare in\\nendeavouring to escape from its enemies are worthy of\\nnotice: Fouilloux says he has seen a Hai e start from its\\nform at the sound of the hunter s horn, run towai ds a\\npool of water at a considerable distance, plunge itself in,\\nand swim to some rushes in the middle, where it lay\\ndown, and concealed itself from the pursuit of the Dogs.\\nHe mentions another, which after running two hours\\nbefore the Dogs, pushed a Hare from its seat, and took\\npossession of it. Others he has seen run into a sheepfold,\\nand lie down among the Sheep and some have affected\\ntheir escape by mounting an old wall, and clapping them-\\nselves down in the midst of the ivy which co^ ered it.\\nThe fur of the Hare is of great use in making hats,\\nfor which purpose many thousands of their skins are an-\\nnually imported from Russia.\\nThe Hare was reckoned a great delicacy among the\\nRomans, but was forbidden to the Jc^\\\\ s, and held sa-\\ncred among the ancient Britons, who religiously abstain-\\ned from eating it. We are told, that Boadicea, immcdi-\\nA a 2", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0389.jp2"}, "388": {"fulltext": "37 2 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nately before her last conflict with the Romans, let loose\\na Hare she had concealed in her bosom; which, taking\\nw^hat vvas deemed a fortunate course, was looked upon\\nas a good omen. It is to this day deemed unclean by the\\nMahometans.\\nThe Hare is found in most parts of the world, w^ith\\nvery little variety. Those of North- America are rather\\nless than the European. They frequent marshes and\\nmeadows, and when pursued take refuge in hollow trees.\\nTHE ALPIJVE HARE,\\nIs gi ay in summer, with a slight mixture of black and\\nta^vny. Its hair is soft, its ears shorter, and its legs\\nmore slender, than the common Hare s. In winter, the\\nwhole body changes to a sno^vy whiteness, except the\\ntips and edges of the ears, which remain black.\\nThis animal lives on the highest hills in Scotland,\\nNorway, Lapland, Russia, and Siberia; never descends\\nfrom the mountains, nor mixes with the common Hare,\\nalthough they abound in the same parts. It does not run\\nfast; and, when pursued, often takes shelter in clefts of\\nrocks. It is easily tamed, is very frolicsome, and fond\\nof honey and other sweets. It changes its colour in Sep-\\ntember, and resumes its gray coat in April. Troops of\\nfive or six hundred are sometimes seen, which migrate\\ntowards the south in spring, and return in autumn.\\nA variety is found in those mountains of Tartary\\nwhich extend as far as the lake Baikal. It inhabits the\\nmiddle regions of the hills, among thick woods, and in\\nmoist places abounding v/ith grass and herbage. It lives", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0390.jp2"}, "389": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n373\\nin the crevices of rocks, and sometimes burrows in the\\nearth lodged between the clefts. Its voice is a sharp\\nwhistle, not milike the chirping of a sparrow.\\nIn the autumn, great numbers of them assemble to-\\ngether, and collect vast quantities of the finest herbs,\\nwhich, when dried, they form into pointed ricks of va-\\nrious sizes some of them four or five feet in height, and\\nof proportionable bulk. These they place under the shel-\\nter of an overhanging rock, or pile round the trunks of\\ntrees. By this means, these industrious little animals lay\\nup a stock of winter food, and wisely provide against the\\nrigours of those stormy regions; othenvise, being pre-\\nvented by the depth of the snow from quitting their re-\\ntreats in quest of food, they must all inevitably perish.\\nA\\na", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0391.jp2"}, "390": {"fulltext": "574\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE RABBIT.\\n(Lepus Cuniculusy Lin. Le Lapln, Buff.)\\nNo TwiTHSTANDiNG the great similarity between the\\nHare and the Rabbit, nature has placed an inseparable\\nbar between them, in not allowing them to intermix, to\\nwhich they mutually discover the most extreme aversion.\\nBesides this, there is a wide difference in their habits and\\npropensities The Rabbit lives in holes in the earth,\\nwhere it brings forth its young, and retires from the ap-\\nproach of danger; whilst the Hare prefers the open fields,\\nand trusts to its speed for safety.\\nThe fecundity of the Rabbit is truly astonishing. It\\nbreeds seven times in the yeai and generally produces\\neight young at a time from which it is calculated, that\\none pair may increase, in the course of four years, to the\\namazing number of 1,274,840; so that, if frequent re-\\nductions were not made in various ways, there is reason\\nto apprehend they would sooii exceed the means of their\\nsupport, and over-run the face of the countr}^ But as\\ntheir increase is great, so is the number of their enemies;", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0392.jp2"}, "391": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 3J3\\nfor, besides those that are taken for the use of man, great\\nnumbers are devoured by Foxes, Weasels, Foumarts, and\\nother beasts of prey. ^In Spain, they formerly increased\\nto such a degree, as to become so obnoxious, that the in-\\nhabitants were obliged to procure Ferrets from Africa to\\ndestroy them.\\nThe Rabbit is capable of procreating at the age of five\\nor six months. The female goes with young about thirty\\ndays. Previous to her bringing forth, she makes a bed\\nwith down, which she pulls off her own coat. She never\\nleaves her young but when pressed with hunger, and re-\\nturns as soon as that is allayed, which she effects with\\nsurprizing quickness. During the time she tends and\\nsuckles her young, she carefully conceals them from the\\nmale, lest he should devour them and frequently covers\\nup the mouth of the hole, that her retreat may not be\\ndiscovered.\\nIt lives to the age of eight or nine years, and prefers\\nwarm and temperate climates. Pliny and Aristotle men-\\ntion it as being anciently known only in Greece and\\nSpain: It is now, however, common in various parts of\\nEurope but in Sweden and other cold countries it can\\nonly be reared in houses.\\nIt abounds in Great-Britain, where its skin forms a\\nvery considerable article in the manufacture of hats.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nLincolnshire, Norfolk, and Cambridgeshire, ai e most no-\\nted for the production of them.\\nThe flesh of the Rabbit, as w^ell as the Hare, was for-\\nbidden to the Jews and Mahometans.\\nfk\\nA a 4", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0393.jp2"}, "392": {"fulltext": "3^6 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE DOMESTIC RABBIT,\\nIs of various colours wliite, browii, black, and varie-\\ngated. It is somewhat larger than the wild Rabbit but\\nits flesh is not so good, being softer and more insipid.\\nIts food is generally cabbage leaves, colewort, blades of\\ncorn, sour- dock, and other succulent plants but sweet\\nshort hay, with a little clean oats, make the best diet.\\nThe Rabbit of iVngora, like the Goat and Sheep of that\\ncountr}^, is covered wdth long hair, which falls dowa its\\nside in wavy curls, and is of a silky fineness.\\nMr. Pennant describes a remai kable variety under the\\nname of the Hooded Babbit, which has a double skin over\\nits back, into which it can withdraw its head It like-\\nwise conceals its fore legs in a part which falls down un-\\nder its throat. There axe small holes in this loose skin,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2\\\\vhich admit light to the eyes. The colour of the body\\nis cinereous; that of the head and ears is brown.\\nA manuscript account of this animal, with a drawing\\nby Mr. G. Edwards, is preserved in the British Museum.\\nThe Rabbit is not a native of America. There are\\ngreat numbers of them in many of the West-India\\nIslands, whicli have originated from a stock carried thi-\\nther from Europe.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0394.jp2"}, "393": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS. 377\\nTHE GVINEA-PIG, OR RESTLESS\\nCAVr.\\n(Mus Porcellus, Lin. Le Cochon d Inde, BuiF.)\\nThis little animal, though a native of Brazil, lives\\nand propagates in temperate, and even in cold climates,\\nwhen protected from the inclemency of the seasons.\\nGreat numbers are kept in a domestic state, but for vi^hat\\npurpose can hardly be determined. They have neither\\nbeauty nor utility to recommend them their skins are\\nof little value; and their flesh, though eatable, is far\\nfrom being good. Their habits and dispositions are\\nequally unpleasant and disgusting: Void of attachment\\neven to their own offspring, they suffer them to be de-\\nvoured the moment they are brought forth, without mak-\\ning the smallest attenupt to defend them. The males fre-\\nquently destroy their own young; and are so stupid, as\\nto allow themselves to be killed by Cats without resist-\\nance. They pass their whole lives in sleeping, eating,\\nand in the propagation of their species. They are by na-\\nture gentle and tame They do no mischief, but seem to\\nbe equally incapable of good. Rats ai e said to avoid the\\nplaces where they reside.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0395.jp2"}, "394": {"fulltext": "S7S HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nThe Guinea- Pig is considerably less than the Rabbit;\\nits upper lip is only half divided; it has two cutting-\\nteeth in each jaw; large and broad ears; its hair is of\\ndifferent colours, white, varied with orange and black,\\nin irregular patches; it has no tail is a restless animal;\\nfeeds on bread, grain, and vegetables; and makes a noise\\nlike the grunting of a pig.\\nIt is capable of breeding at the age of two months,\\nand produces from four to twelve at one time.\\nThe species would be innumerable, if many of them\\nwere not taken off by various means Some are killed by\\nCats, others by the males, and more, both young and\\nold, perish by the severity of the climate, and want of\\nproper care.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0396.jp2"}, "395": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRU-PEDS, 379\\nTHE SPOTTED CAVT,\\n(Mils Paca, Lin. Le Paca^ Buff.)\\nIs about the size of a Hare, but its body is much thicker^\\nplumper, and fatter. The colour of the hair on the back\\nis dark-brown, or liver-coloured; it is lighter on the\\nsides, which ai e beautifully marked with lines of white\\nspots, running in parallel directions from its throat to its\\nrump those on the upper part of the body are perfectly\\ndistinct; the belly is white. Its head is large; its ^ars\\nshort and naked; its eyes full, and placed high in Jts\\nhead, near the ears; in the lower part of each jaw, im-\\nmediately under the eye, it has a remarkably deep slit or\\nfurrow, which seems like the termination of the jaw,\\nand has the appearance of an opening of the mouth its\\nupper jaw projects beyond the under; it has two strong-\\nyellow cutting-teeth in each jaw; its mouth is small, and\\nits upper lip is divided; it has long whiskers on its lips\u00c2\u00bb\\nand on each side of its head, under the ears; its legs arc\\nshort; it has four toes on the fore and three on the\\nhind foot; it has no tail.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0397.jp2"}, "396": {"fulltext": "S80 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nThe Spotted Cavy is a native of South- Am erica, and\\nlives on the banks of rivers in warm and moist places.\\nIt digs boles in the ground, secretes itself during the day^\\nand goes out at night in quest of food.\\nIts motions are heavy and ungraceful. It runs seldom\\nand with extreme aukwardness sits frequently upon its\\nposteriors and, in that situation, smooth and dresses it-\\nself with its paws, drawing them over its body with the\\nutmost nicety.\\nIt is a cleanly animal, and will not bear the smallest\\ndegree of dirtiness in its apartment.\\nIn a domestic state, it is gentle and tractable, fond of\\nattention, and licks the hand of any one that caresses it.\\nWhen irritated, it is apt to bite. Its anger is expressed\\nb}^ chattering its teeth, and is always preceded by a kind\\nof grunting. It feeds on grain, roots, fruits, and al-\\nmost every kind of a egetable.\\nWhen pursued, it takes to the Water, and escapes by\\ndiving. If attacked by dogs, it makes a vigorous de-\\nfence.\\nIts flesh is esteemed a great delicacy by the natives of\\nBrazil.\\nWe have been minute in our description of this curi-\\nous little animal, which was drawn from the life; and\\nthink there is good reason to conclude that the species\\nmight be easily naturalised in this countrj^ and added to\\nour stock of useful animals. It is not much afraid of\\ncold and being accustomed to burrow, it would by that\\nmeans defend itself against the rigours of our winter.\\nThere are several varieties of them some of which\\nweigh from fourteen to twenty, and even thirty pounds.", "height": "3926", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0398.jp2"}, "397": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS; 38 1\\nTHE CAP I BAR A,\\n(Sus Ilydroduerus^ Lin. Le Cabiai, Buff*.)\\nIs a native of South- America, and lives on the banks of\\ngreat rivers, such as the Oronoque, Amazons, and Rio\\nde la Plata; swims and dives remarkably well, and is ve-\\nry dexterous in catching fish, upon which it chiefly sub-\\nsists It likewise eats grain, fruits, and sugar canes, feeds\\nmostly in the night, and commits great ravages in the\\ngardens. They generally keep in large herds, and make\\na noise not much unlike the braying of an ass.\\nIts flesh is fat and tender; but, like that of the Otter,\\nhas an oily and fishy taste.\\nIt is about the size of a small Hog; and, by some na-\\nturalists, has been classed with that animal.\\nIts fore hoofs are divided into four, the hind ones into\\nthree; its head is lai^ge and thick, and on the nose there\\nare long whiskers its ears are small and rounded, and its\\neyes large and black there aix two large cutting teeth\\nand eight grinders in each jaw, and each of these grind-\\ners forms on its surface what appears to be three teeth,\\nfiat at their ends; the legs ai e short; the toes long, and", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0399.jp2"}, "398": {"fulltext": "382 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nconnected at the bottom with a small web the end of\\neach toe is guarded by a small hoof; it has no tail; the\\nhair on the body is short, rough, and of a bro^vn colour.\\nIt is a gentle animal, easily tamed and will follow those\\nwho feed it and treat it kindly.\\nAs it runs badly, on account of the peculiar construc-\\ntion of its feet, its safety consists not in flight Nature\\nhas provided it with other means of preservation When\\nin danger, it plunges into the water, and dives to a great\\ndistance.\\nTHE AGOUTI, OR LOJfG-MOSED CAVT,\\n(Cavia Agutiy hin.\u00e2\u0080\u0094U Jgouii, Buff.)\\nIs about the size of a Hai-e; its nose is long, upper lip\\ndivided, skin sleek and shining, of a brown colour mixed\\nwith red, tail short, legs slender and almost naked; has\\nfour toes on the fore, and three on the hind foot; grunts\\nlike a pig; sits on its hind legs, and feeds itself with its\\npaws and when satiated with food, it conceals the re-\\nmainder. \u00e2\u0080\u0094It eats fruits, roots, nuts, and almost every\\nkind of vegetable; is hunted with Dogs; runs fast, and", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0400.jp2"}, "399": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 383\\nits motions are like those of a Hare. Its flesh, which\\nresembles that of a Rabbit, is eaten by the inhabitants of\\nSouth- America.\\nGreat numbers of them are found in Guinea and Bra-\\nzil. They live in woods, hedges, and hollow trees.\\nThe female brings forth at all times of the year, and\\nproduces three, four, and sometimes five at a time.\\nIf taken when young, the Agouti is easily tamed, and\\nwill go out and return of its own accord. It delights\\nin cutting or gnawing every thing with its teeth.\\nWhen irritated, the hair of its back rises, it strikes the\\nground with its hind feet, and at the same time makes a\\nnoise like the grunting of a Pig,\\nTHE JKOUCHI,\\nSeems to be a variety of the Agouti and, though some-\\nwhat less, is nearly of the same form, but its tail is\\nlonger. It inhabits the same countries, is of an olive co-\\nlour; its flesh is white, delicate, and has the flavour of a\\nyoung Rabbit; is much esteemed by the natives, who\\nhunt it with Dogs, and reckon it among the finest game\\nof South- America.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0401.jp2"}, "400": {"fulltext": "384\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS*\\nTHE ROCK CAVr,\\n(DAperea, Buff.)\\nIs likewise found in Brazil, is about twelve inches in\\nlength the colour of the upper part of its body resembles\\nthat of the Hare, its belly is white, the upper lip divided,\\nthe ears short and rounded like those of a Rat, and has\\nno tail. It moves like the Hare, its fore legs being short-\\ner than the hind. It has four toes on the fore feet, and\\nonly three on the hind. Its flesh is like that of the Rab-\\nbit; and its manner of living is also very similar.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0402.jp2"}, "401": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF OUADR UPEDS. 3^5\\nTHE SQUIRREL..\\n(Schinis Vulgaris, \\\\um,\u00e2\u0080\u0094DEcureuil, Buff.)\\nThis beautiful little animal is .equally admirable for\\nthe neatness and elegance of its formation, as for its live^\\nliness and activity. Its disposition is gentle and harm-\\nless, Though naturally wild, it is soon familiai ised to\\nconfinement and restraint; and, though excessively ti^\\nmid, it is easily taught to receive with freedom the most\\nfamiliar caresses from the hand that feeds it.\\nIt usually lives in woods, and makes its nest of moss\\nor dry leaves in the hollows of trees. It seldom descends\\nupon the ground, but leaps from tree to tree with great\\nagility.\\nIts food consists of fruits, almonds, nuts, acorns, c.;\\nof which it accumulates great stores for winter provi-\\nsion, and secures them carefully near its nest. In the\\nsummer it feeds on buds and young shoots, and is par-\\nticularly fond of the cones of the fi.r and pine trees.\\nBb", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0403.jp2"}, "402": {"fulltext": "386 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nThe spring is the season of love with Squirrels. At\\nthat time the males pursue the females, and exhibit won-^\\nderful proofs of agility whilst the latter, as if to make\\ntrial of the constancy of their lovers, seem to avoid them\\nby a variety of entertaining sallies; and, like true co-\\nquets, feign an escape, by way of enhancing the. value of\\nthe conquest.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 They bring forth four or five young at a\\ntime.\\nThe Squirrel is of a bright-brown colour, inclining to\\nred; the breast and belly are white; the ears are orna-\\nmented with long tufts of hair; the eyes are large, black,\\nand lively the fore teeth strong and sharp the fore legs\\nare curiously furnished with long stiff hairs, which pro-\\nject on each side like whiskers. When it eats, it sits\\nerect, and uses its fore feet as hands to convey food to\\nits mouth.\\nThe tail of the Squirrel is its greatest ornament^ and\\nserves as a defence from the cold, being large enough to\\ncover the whole body it likewise assists it in taking leaps\\nfrom one tree to another; and we may add a third appli-\\ncation of it, which would seem altogether improbable,\\nwere we not assured of it by Linnaeus and other natural-\\nists: -In attempting to cross a lake or river, the Squirrel\\nplaces itself upon a piece of bark and, erecting its tail\\nto catch the wind, boldly commits itself to the mercy of\\nthe waves. The smallest gust of wind is sufficient to\\noverset a whole navy of these little adventurers and in\\nsuch perilous voyages many hundreds of them are said to\\nperish.\\nOf the Squirrel there are several varieties; some of\\nwhich are to be found in almost every country but they\\nchiefly abound in northern and temperate climates.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0404.jp2"}, "403": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS,\\nS\u00c2\u00a77\\nTHE GRAT SQUIRREL,\\n(Schinis Cmereiis, Lin. Le Petit Gri s, BufF.)\\nIs about the size of a young Rabbit Its ears are shorty\\nand not tufted at the ends; its hair is gray, mixed With\\nblack; on each side there is a red streak, which runs\\nlengthwise its tail is long and bushy, of a gray colour,\\nvariegated with black and white. It is common to\\nboth continents, In Sweden and other northern coun-\\ntries, it changes its colour in the winter.\\nIt is very numerous in North- America, and does incre-\\ndible damage to the plantations. Great flocks of them\\ndescend from the mountains, and lay waste the fields of\\nmaize, by eating the young ears. A rewai d of three-\\npence per head was given for every one that was killed;\\nB b 2", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0405.jp2"}, "404": {"fulltext": "388 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nand such numbers were destroyed in one year, that Pen-\\nsylvania alone paid in rewards the sum of j\u00c2\u00a38000 of its\\ncurrency.\\nIt makes its nest in hollow trees, with moss, straw,\\nwool, c. It lays up stores of provisions in holes made\\nin the ground, for its winter sustenance. These hoards\\nare often destroyed by swine they are sometimes so long\\ncovered with snow, that the Squirrels perish for want of\\nfood.\\nThe fur is very valuable, and is imported under the\\nname of petit-gris.\\nTHE BLACK SQUIRREL,\\n(Sciunis Niger, lAn, DEcureuil noir. Buff.)\\nIs about the same size and form with the last but its\\ntail is not so long. It is generally black, with white on\\nthe nose, ears, and end of the tail.\\nIts dispositions and habits are so similar to the Gray\\nSquirrel, that it might be taken for a variety of that\\nkind; but it is said to associate in separate troops, and is\\nequally numerous.\\nIt is found in the northern parts of Asia, North- Ame-\\nrica, and Mexico,\\nIn the latter country, there is a variety with plain\\nround ears, the upper part of the body variegated with\\nblack, white, and brown. It is twice the size of the\\ncommon Squirrel, lives under ground, where it brings\\nforth its youn^, and lays in its stock of provisions. It\\nfeeds on maize, and is extremely lively, gentle, and do-\\ncile. ^It is the Coquallin of M BufFon.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0406.jp2"}, "405": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 389\\nTHE DORMOUSE, OR GROUND\\nSQUIRREL,\\n(Sciurus Striatus, Lin. Le Suisse, BufF.)\\nIs very numerou s in the forests of North- America, as\\nwell as the north of Asia It burrows in the ground,\\nand makes two entrances to its habitation that if one\\nshould be stopped up, it may have access by the other.\\nIts hole is formed with great skill, having several branch-\\nes from the principal passage, each of which is termi-\\nnated by a store-house, in which its winter food is depo-\\nsited: In one is contained acorns, in another nuts, in a\\nthird maize, and in another chesnuts, which are its fa-\\nvourite food.\\nThese animals seldom stir out during winter, nor so\\nlong as their provisions last When those fail, they some-\\ntimes work their way into places where apples ai e laid\\nup, or in barns where maize is stored, and make great\\nhavock. During hai-vest, they fill their mouths so full\\nwith corn, that their cheeks are quite distended; and in\\nthis manner caiiy it to their concealed store. They gi\\\\e\\nBb3", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0407.jp2"}, "406": {"fulltext": "S90 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\ngreat preference to certain kinds of food and if, after\\nfilling their mouths with rye, they chance to meet with\\nwheat, they discharge the one, that they may secure the\\nother.\\nThe Ground Squirrel is marked with a stripe of black,\\nwhich runs along the ridge of the back and on each side\\na yellow stripe, bordered with black Its head, body, and\\ntail are of a reddish-brown breast and belly white its\\nnose and feet of a pale red colour its eyes full and live-\\nly-\\nIt is very wild, bites severely, and is tamed with diffi-\\nculty Its skin is of little value,\\nTHE HUDSOM s-BAT SQUIRREL,\\nIs smaller than the European. It is marked along the\\n^liddle of the back with a dusky line, from head to tail\\nthe belly is of a pale ash colour, mottled with black and\\nthe tail, which is dusky and barred with black, is not so\\nlong, nor so full of hair, as that of the common kind.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0408.jp2"}, "407": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n391\\nTHE BARB ART SQUIRREL,\\n(Sciurus Getulus Lin. Le Barbaresque, Buff.)\\nIs of an ash colour, inclining to red each side is beau-\\ntifully marked with two white stripes, running length-\\nwise its belly is white its tail bushy, and variegated\\nwith regular shades of black, one beneath the other; its\\neyes are full and black, with white orbits. It is about\\nthe size of the common Squirrel.\\nTHE PALM SQUIRREL,\\n(Sciurus Palmanim, Lin. Le Palmist\u00e2\u0082\u00acy Buff.)\\nIs similar to the last, having a pale -yellow stripe on the\\nmiddle of the back, and two on each side parallel to it\\nthe belly is of the same colour the rest of the body\\nblack and red closely mixed Its tail is long, does not He\\nBb4", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0409.jp2"}, "408": {"fulltext": "392 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\non its back like that of the Squirrel, but is carried erect.\\n^Both these Squirrels inhabit Barbary and other hot\\ncountries. They live chiefly in palm trees, from whence\\ntlie latter has its name.\\nTHE FAT SQUIRREL y\\n(Sciurus Glis, Lin.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Z^ Loir, Buff.\\nis found in France and the southern parts of Europe.-\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nIts body is covered with soft hair, of an ash colour its\\nbelly whitish its ears thin and naked. It is about six\\ninches long, and thicker than the common Squirrel. It\\ndwells chiefly in trees, leaps from bough to bough, feeds\\non fruits and acorns, and lodges in the hollows of trees.\\nIt remains in a torpid state during winter, and grows ve-\\nry fat.\\nIt was considered as a great delicacy among the Ro-\\nmans, who had places constructed on purpose to keep\\nand feed them in, which they called gliraria.\\nTHE GREATER BORMOUSE, OR\\nGARDEN SQUIRREL,\\n(Mus Quercinus, Lin. Le Leroi, BuiF.)\\nIs rather less than the last-mentioned. Its eyes are sur-\\nrounded with a large black spot, which reaches to the\\nears its body is of a tawny colour its throat and belly\\nwhite, tinged with yellow its tail is long, and bushy at\\nthe end.\\nIt is common in the South of Europe, infests gardens,\\nis particularly fond of peaches, and very destructive of all", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0410.jp2"}, "409": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 393\\nkinds of fruit. It lodges in holes in the walls, and\\nbrings forth five or six young at a time.\\nIt has a strong odour, like a Rat and, like the Fat\\nSquirrel, remains torpid during the winter.\\nTliE LESSER DORMOUSE,\\n(Mus Avellanarius, Lin. Le Muscardin, BuK)\\nIs rather larger than the Mouse, of a tawny-red colour,\\nwith a white throat, and full black eyes. It lives in\\nwoods or thick hedges makes its nest with grass, dried\\nleaves, or moss, in the hollow of a tree, or the bottom\\nof a thick bush, and brings forth three or four young at\\na time.\\nIt lays up stores of nuts, acorns and beans and re-\\ntires at the approach of cold weather to its retreat\\nwhere it rolls itself up in a warm nest, made of soft\\nmoss, c. and remains in a torpid state during the con-\\ntinuance of winter. The warmth of a sunny day, or a\\ntemporary chance from cold to heat, will sometimes re-\\nvive it but, after taking a little food, it soon relapses in-\\nto its former state.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0411.jp2"}, "410": {"fulltext": "39^\\nHISTORY QF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE FLTIMG SQUIRREL,\\n(Sciiirus Volans, Lin. Le Poiilatouche, BufF.)\\nIs peculiarly distinguished by a membranous continua-\\ntion of the skin of the sides and belly, which extends\\nfrom the fore to the hiild feet, and assists it greatly in\\nmaking leaps from one tree to another, frequently at the\\ndistance of twenty or thirty yards. Its head is small and\\nround its eyes are full, round, and black and its ears\\nsmall and naked.\\nIt is found in all the northern regions, both of the old\\nand new continents. It is more numerous in America\\nthan in Europe, is less than the common Squirrel, lives\\nin trees, and sleeps in the day, but is extremely active\\nduring the night.\\nIn the act of leaping, the loose skin is stretched out by\\nthe feet whereby the surface of the body is augmented,\\nthe animal becomes lighter in proportion to its bulk, the", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0412.jp2"}, "411": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. S95\\nacceleration of its fall is retarded, and it appears to sail\\nor fly from one place to another. Where numbers of\\nthem are seen at a time leaping, they appear like leaves\\nblown off by the wind.\\nThere are several kinds, differing much in size.- In\\nthe islands of the East- Indies, there is a variety as large\\nas a Hare, called the Taguan, or Great Flying\\nSquirrel w^hich perfectly resembles the other in fi-\\ngure, and in the form of its lateral membrane. The\\nhead is smaller in proportion to the size of the body the\\ncolour of the skin is dark-brown, mixed with white the\\nupper part of the body whitish the tail is bro^vn, and\\ngrows gradually deeper towards the end, where it is\\nblack the claws are long, thin, and hooked, like those\\nof a Cat, and enable it to keep hold where it happens to\\nfall it also catches hold with its tail, which is long and\\nmuscular.\\nIt is a wild and timid animal. Its bite is so strong,\\nthat it can make its escape from a wooden cage with\\ngreat facility.\\nA variety is found inVirginia, called, by Mr. Pennant,\\nthe Hooded Sc^uirrel the lateral membrane begins\\nat the chin and ears, where it forms a kind of hood,\\nand extends, like that of the former, from the fore to\\nthe hind legs Its body is of a reddish colour above,\\nand of a yellowish ash beneath. It is a rare species, not\\nmuch noticed by naturalists.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0413.jp2"}, "412": {"fulltext": "396\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS,\\n^Vu fftSsfiWi\\nTHE LONG TAILED SQUIRREL,\\nThis species is found in Ceylon and Malabar. In the\\nCingalese tx)ngue, it is called Dandoelana y and, from the\\nnoise it makes, Roekea,\\nIt is about three times the size of the European Squir-\\nrel The ears are tufted with black hairs the end of the\\nnose is pink-coloured the cheeks, legs, and belly are of\\na dull yellow between the ears there is a yellow spot the\\ncrown of the head and the back are black from each ear\\nis a bifurcated line of the same colour, pointing down\\nthe cheeks the upper part of the feet is covered with\\nblack hairs, the lower part naked and red The tail is\\nneai^ly twice the length of the body, of a light ash colour,\\nand extremely bushy.\\nWe are indebted to Mr. Pennant for the drawing of\\nthis curious animaK", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0414.jp2"}, "413": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS,\\nS97\\nTHE JERBOA,\\n(Mus JaculuSy Lin. Le Jerho, Buff.)\\nThis animal, remarkable for the singular construction\\nof its legs, is found in Egypt, Barbary, and Palestine.\u00e2\u0080\u0094-\\nIt is somewhat less than a Rat Its head has a great re-\\nsemblance to that of a Rabbit its eyes are large and\\nfull ih!t fore legs are only one inch in length, and ai C\\nused as hands to convey victuals to its mouth the hind\\nlegs are naked, and y^ry much resemble those of a bird,\\nhaving only three toes on each, the middle one longest\\nits tail is much longer than its body, and terminated with\\na black tuft, the tip of which is white its hair is long\\nand soft, of a reddish colour on the back the under\\nparts of the body are white across the thighs there is a\\nlarge black band in the form of a crescent.\\nThe motions of the Jerboa are similar to those of the", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0415.jp2"}, "414": {"fulltext": "398 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nKanguroo. It goes forward very nimbly on its hind feet,\\ntaking leaps of five or six feet from the ground.\\nIt is a lively, harmless animal, lives entirely on vegeta-\\nbles, and burrows in the ground like a Rabbit.\\nIt is the Daman Zsrae/ of the Arabs, or Laynh of Israel\\nand is supposed to be the Coney of holy ^Tit, our Rabbit\\nbeing unknown in Palestine. It is also the Mouse men-\\ntioned in Isaiah* Achbar^ in the original, signifying a\\nJerboa, t\\nThe Jerboa is easily tamed, is fond of warmth, and\\nseems to be sensible of the approach of bad weather by\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2wrapping itself up close in hay.\\nAmong the Mongol Tartars, this animal is called the\\nAlaghtaga. It is supposed to be the Two-footed Mouse^\\nand the Egyptian Mouse of the ancients, which were said\\nto walk on their hind legs.\\nIt makes its nest of the finest and most delicate her-\\nbage rolls itself up, with its head between its thighs\\nand sleeps during the winter, without taking any nutri-\\nment.\\nWhen pursued, it springs so nimbly, that its feet\\nscarcely seem to touch the ground. It does not go\\nstraight forward, but turns here and there till it gains a\\nbuiTow, w^here it quickly secretes itself. In leaping, it\\ncarries its tail stretched out but in standing or walking,\\ncarries it in the form of an S, the lower part touching\\nthe ground.\\nChap. Ixvi. ver. 17.\\nt The Jerboa or Dipus is frequent in North America. General\\nDavis has described it as found in Lower Canada; Professor Barton\\nhas given a figure and description of it as seen in Pennsylvania^ and\\nA. E. Mitchell has observed it, as killed by the Farmers of Long-\\nIsland,", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0416.jp2"}, "415": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS, 399\\nTHE MARMOT,\\n(Mus Marmota, Lin. La Marmotte, Buff.)\\nHas been placed by naturalists in the same class with the\\nHare and the Rat and on examining its parts, we find\\na partial agreement with both these animals. In its nose\\nand lips, as well as in the general form of its head, it\\nresembles the Hare its ears are like those of the Rat,\\nwith which it likewise agrees in the number and form\\nof its teeth and claws In other respects, it is no way\\nsimilar to either of those kinds and is still farther sepa-\\nrated from them by habitudes which seem peculiar to it-\\nself, and distinguish it from almost every other species of\\nquadrupeds.\\nThe Marmot inhabits the highest regions of the Alps\\nand is likewise found in Poland, Ukraine, and Chinese\\nTartary.\\nIt is somewhat less than a Hare Its ears are round,\\nand so short, that they are almost hid in the fur its tail\\nis short and bushy the hair on the back is of a brown\\nish-ash colour and that on the belly reddish, soft, and\\nbushy. Its voice resembles the murmuring of a young", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0417.jp2"}, "416": {"fulltext": "400 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\npuppy. When irritated, or frightened, it makes a whist-\\nling noise, very loud and piercing.\\nIt feeds on insects, roots, and vegetables but when\\ntamed, is remarkably fond of milk and butter. It lives\\nin holes, formed with great art in the side of a motin-\\ntain. There are two entrances to each and the cham-\\nber to which they lead is deep and spacious The bottom\\nis lined with moss and hay, of which these provident ani-\\nmals lay in a store during summer and, at the approach\\nof winter, shut themselves up in their holes by stopping\\nthe entrances ^vith earth, so effectually, that no discovery\\ncan be made of the place of their retreat. The chamber\\nin which they lodge is large enough to contain a family\\nof from live to a dozen Marmots. They roll themselves\\nup and, being well covered with hay, remain in a torpid\\nstate, insensible to the rigours of the season, and perfect-\\nly secure from the storm that rages without till the\\ncheering influence of the sun again calls them out to re-\\nnew their exhausted strength, to propagate their kind,\\nand provide for their future retreat. The torpid state\\nlasts from about Michaelmas till April. They go in ex-\\ntremely fat, but gradually waste and at the end of their\\nlong sleep, they appear lean and extremely emaciated.\\nThe Marmot produces once a year, and the litter ge-\\niierally consists of three or four.\\nWhen a number of them are feeding together, they\\nplace one as a centinel, v\\\\^hich makes a whistling noise on\\nthe least appearance of an interruption and the party im-\\nmediately betake themselves to their holes, the centinel\\ndriving up the rear.\\nThe Marmot is very playful, and easily tamed. It\\nlearns to hold a stick, to dance, and to exhibit various", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0418.jp2"}, "417": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF (QUADRUPEDS. 4OI\\ngestures It will obey the voice of its master. Like the\\nCat, it has an antipathy to Dogs, which it attacks fierce-\\nly upon the least irritation. It is very apt to gnaw linen\\nor woollen stuffs, often sits upright, and walks with ease\\non its hind feet. It eats in the manner of a Scjuirrel,\\nand carries its food to its mouth with its fore paws.\\nIts flesh is sometimes eaten, but is always attended\\nwith a disagreeable odour.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0419.jp2"}, "418": {"fulltext": "402 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n7 C y/ y V//m/m r ii\\nTHE MOMAX,\\n(Mus Monax, Lin. Glis Marmota^ Buflf.)\\nIs found in various parts of North- America, and seems\\nto be the same with the Marmot of Canada, described by\\nM. Buffon.\\nIt is larger than a Rabbit, and in form and colour re-\\nsembles the Musk-Rat Its tail is short and rough its\\nribs so flexible, that it can easily pass through a hole of\\nnot more than two inches diameter its eyes are black\\nand prominent its back is of a deep brown colour,\\nlighter on the sides and belly and its feet ^nd legs\\nblack.\\nIt sleeps during winter in holes under the roots of\\ntrees, and lives on fruits and other vegetables. Its\\nflesh is good and well tasted.\\nAn animal of the same kind is found in the Bahama\\nisles but whether it retires to sleep, in a climate, so mild,\\nis not well known.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0420.jp2"}, "419": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF (QUADRUPEDS,\\n403\\nTHE QUEBEC MARMOT,\\nIs rather larger than a Rabbit Its ears are short, and its\\nwhole head round its cheeks are of a grey colour, and\\nits nose black its back is variegated, each hair being\\ngray at the bottom, black in the middle, and white at the\\ntips its belly and legs are of an orange colour its toes\\nblack and naked and its tail short, and rather bushy.\\nIt inhabits Hudson s Bay and Canada.\\nOne of them, exhibited in London some years ago,\\nwas perfectly tame.\\nMr. Pennant supposes it to be the species called the\\nSi FFL EUR by the French of Canada.\\nCc2", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0421.jp2"}, "420": {"fulltext": "404 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE HAMSTER.\\n(Mus CrketiiSi Lin. Le Hamster^ Buff.)\\nAlthough the qualities of this animal are sufficiently-\\nnoxious to render it an object of universal detestation in\\nthose countries where it abounds yetj when considered\\nwith regard to those instincts which conduce to its own\\npreservation and support, it wxU deserves our highest ad-\\nmiration.\\nIts habitation is curious, and constructed with great\\nart. It consists of a variety of apartments, adapted to\\nvarious purposes, and extremely well fitted both for the\\ncomfort and convenience of the inhabitants. The first\\nentrance is formed in an oblique direction at the end of\\nwhich the miale sinks a perpendicular hole, which he re-\\nserves for his own use. The female makes several, for\\nthe accommodation of herself and family, that her young,\\nduring the short time they are allowed to stay with her,\\nmay have a free passage to the general stores. One of\\nthe holes is lined with straw, and serves as a lodging\\nthe others contain provisions, ofvvhich great quantities\\nare always accumulated during the time of harvest.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThey begin to lay in their stores in August.^ To facili-\\ntate the transportation of their food, Nature has furnish-\\ned them with two paunches in each cheek, which they fill\\nwith corn, beans, or pease^ till they seem ready to burst;", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0422.jp2"}, "421": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS; 405\\nand, on their return to their holes, empty them, by pres-\\nsing their two fore feet against their cheeks.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The quan-\\ntity of provision found in these magazines, depends on\\nthe age or sex of the inhabitants. The old Hamsters\\noften amass an hundred pounds weight of grain but the\\nyoung and the females are satisfied with much lesso\\nAt the approach of winter, the Hamsters retire into\\ntheir subterraneous abodes, the entrance to which they\\nshut up with great care There they remain in perfect\\ntranquillity, and feed on their provisions till the frost\\nbecomes severe, when they sink into a torpid state, in\\nwhich they continue till the return of spring. During\\nthis period, if any of the holes be opened, the Hamster is\\naUvays found lying upon a bed of soft straw, with its\\nhead turned under its belly between the two fore legs,\\nwhilst the hind ones rest upon the muzzle Its eyes are\\nshut, every member perfectly stiff, and sensation so to-\\ntally suspended, that neither respiration nor any other\\nsign of life can be perceived. When dissected in this\\nsituation, the heart may be seen alternately contracting\\nand dilating very slowly the fat appears to be coagu-\\nlated and the intestines are quite cold. During this\\noperation, the animal seems to feel very little It some-\\ntimes opens its mouth, as if it wanted to respire but\\nthe lethargy is too strong to admit of its entirely awak-\\ning.\\nThey copulate about the end of April, when the\\nmales enter the apartments of the femciles, but remain\\nonly a few days. if two males happen to meet in the\\nsame hole, a furious combat ensues, which genenilly ter-\\nminates in the death of the weaker,\\nC c3", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0423.jp2"}, "422": {"fulltext": "406 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nThe females bring forth twice or thrice every year\\neach litter consisting of six or eight.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 In about three\\nweeks the young are driven from their holes, and left\\nto provide for themselves. \u00e2\u0080\u0094Their increase is so rapid\\nin some years, as to he almost sufficient to occasion a\\ndearth but the ferocity with which they upon all occa-\\nsions attack and devour each other, is so great, as to be\\nthe happy means of preventing the ill effects of their fe^\\ncundity.\\nIt is not only its own species to which the fury of the\\nHamster is directed He attacks and devours every ani-\\nmal, without distinction, that he is able to conquer and\\nfrequently opposes himself to enemies much superior to\\nhimself in strength. Rather than fly, he allows himself\\nto be beaten to death. If he seize a man s hand, he\\nmust be killed before he can be made to quit his hold.\\nA Horse or a Dog are equally objects of his rage and\\nv/herever he seizes, it is with difficulty he can be disen-\\ngaged.\\nThe Hamster is about the size of a large Water-^Rat\\nhas a short tail, almost naked Its head and back are of\\na reddish-brown colour, not unlike that of a Hare its\\nthroat is white, and it has three white spots on each\\nside its breast and belly are black.\\nIt is found in various parts of Germany, Poland, and\\nUkraine.\\nThe Polecat is its greatest eneray\u00c2\u00bb It pursues the\\nHamster into its hole, and destroys great numbers.\\nMr. Ray observes, that the hair of this animal is so\\nclosely united to the skin, that it cannot be pulled off\\nwithout great difficulty on which account it is held in\\nhigh estimation", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0424.jp2"}, "423": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 407\\nTHE SOVSLIK,\\n(MusCitelluSy Lin. Le Soiislik, BufF.)\\nIs about the size of a large Rat. Its skin is beautifully\\nmarked with small white spots upon a yellowish ground.\\nIt is found upon the banks of the Wolga, and in the\\nadjoining provinces as far as Austria. It burrows in the\\nground like a Rabbit, and lays in store of provisions, con-\\nsisting of grain, herbs, and roots It also feeds on young\\nMice, IS very fond of salt, and is frequently taken on\\nboard the barges laden with that commodity. The fe-\\nmale brings forth from two to five at one time.\\nTHE ZISEL, OR EARLESS MARMOT,\\n(Le ZizcU BufF.)\\nInstead of ears, has only a smaU orifice on each side of\\nits head. It is of a dark- gray colour. Its body is long\\nand slender, and its tail short.\\nIt is found in Bohemia, Austria, Hungary, and Sibe-\\nria. It forms its hole in the ground, with a double en-\\ntrance and sleeps during the winter in the centre of its\\nCc 4", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0425.jp2"}, "424": {"fulltext": "408 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nlodge. It lays in a store of corn, nuts, See. and sits up\\nlike a Squirrel when it eats. It is easily provoked, and\\nbites haid.\\nIts fur is of little value but its flesh is reckoned good\\neating.\\nIn Poland and Russia, there is an animal of this kind,\\ncalled the Zemni and, by Mr. Pennant, the Podulian\\nMarmot,\\nIts habits are similar to those of the Souslik but it is\\nlarger, stronger, and more mischievous.\\nThe head is thick, the body slender, and the ears short\\nand round It has two cutting teeth in each jaw those\\nof the under jaw are much longer than the upper The\\neyes are small, and concealed in the fur like those of the\\nMole Its tail is short, and of an ash colour.\\nTHE TAIL-LESS MARMOT.\\nWe art favoured by Mr. Pennant with the drawing of\\nthis animal, Vidiich has hitherto been undescribed. In\\nthe form of its body, it seems to agree with the descrip-\\ntion given of the Zizel, and probably may be a variety of\\nthat animal.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0426.jp2"}, "425": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 4O9.\\nTHE LAPLAJSTD MARMOT,\\n(Mils Lemmus^ Lin. he Lemrng, Buff.)\\nThis wonderful little animal is found only in the nor-\\nthern parts of Europe and Asia; and is sometimes seen\\nin immense numbers, overspreading large tracts of coun-\\ntry, in Norway, Sweden, and Lapland. But as its ap-\\npearance is at very uncertain periods, and the source\\nfrom whence it is derived has not been hitherto explored\\nby any naturalist, its existence has been seriously attri-\\nbuted, by superstitious ignorance, to the generation of\\nthe clouds; from whence, it has been supposed, it was\\npoured down in showers of rain. -Myriads of them\\nmarch together; and, like a torrent, which nothing can\\nresist, their course is marked with ruin and desolation.\\nNeither fire nor water prevents their progress. They go\\nstraight forward, in regular lines, about three feet asun-\\nder, and generally in a south-east direction They swim\\nacross lakes and rivers No opposition impedes them. If\\nthousands are destroyed, thousands supply their places\\nThe void is quickly filled up and their number does not\\nappear diminished. They persist in their course, in spite\\nof every obstacle; and if prevented from proceeding,\\nthey either by assiduity surmount it, or die in tl^e at-\\ntempt. Their march is mostly in the night. They rest", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0427.jp2"}, "426": {"fulltext": "41 HISTORY OF ^UADHUPEDS.\\nduring the day, and devour everj^ root and vegetable they\\nmeet with. They infect the very herbage; and cattle\\nare said to perish that feed upon the grass they have\\ntouched.\\nAn enemy, so numerous and destructive, would soon\\nrender the countries they pass through utterly uninhabit-\\nable, did it not fortunately happen, that the same rapa-\\ncity that excites them to lay waste the productions of the\\nearth at last impels them to destroy each other. Having\\nnothing more to subsist on, they are said to seperate into\\ntwo ai mies, which engage with the most deadly hatred,\\nand continue fighting and devouring each other till they\\nare all entirely destroyed. Thousands of them have been\\nfound dead; and the air, infected by their putrid car-\\ncases, has sometimes been the occasion of malignant dis-\\ntempers. Great numbers of them ai^e likewise destroyed\\nby Foxes, Lynxes, Weasels, and other beasts of prey,\\nwhich follow them during their march.\\nThe Leming runs swiftly, although its legs are short\\nand slender.-\u00e2\u0080\u0094 It is somewhat less than the Rat Its head\\nis pointed; and in each jaw are two very long cutting\\nteeth, with which it bites keenly Its ears are short, eyes\\nsmall, fore legs shorter than the hind: The colour of the\\nhead and body black and tawny, disposed in irregular\\npatches the belly white, tinged with yellow.\\nThough perfectly disgusting to every other people, its\\nflesh is said to be eaten by the Laplanders.\\nWhere these emigrants are collected, as was before\\nobserved, is not certainly known. Linnaeus says, they\\nare produced among the Norwegian and Lapland Alps\\nand Pontoppidan supposes, that Kolen s Rock, which di-\\nvides Nordland from Sweden, is their native place.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0428.jp2"}, "427": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 411\\nTHE RAT.\\n(Mus Rattus, Lin.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Z^ Rat, BuiF.)\\nThough small, weak, and contemptible in its appear-\\nance, possesses properties which render it a more formi-\\ndable enemy to mankind, and more injurious to the in-\\nterests of society, than even those animals that are endued\\nwith the greatest strength and most rapacious dispositions.\\nTo the one we can oppose united powers and superior\\narts with regard to the other, experience has convinced\\nus, that no art can counteract the effects of its amazing\\nfecundity, and that force is ineftectually opposed to an\\nenemy possessed of such a variety of means to elude it.\\nThere are two kinds known in this country, the\\nBlack Rat, which was formerly universal here, but is\\nnow very rarely seen, having been almost extirpated by\\nthe large brown kind, generally distinguished by the\\nname of the Norway Rat. This formidable invader\\nis now universally diffused through the whole countr}^\\nfrom whence every method has been tried in vain to ex-\\nterminate it. It is about nine inches long; of a light-\\nbrown colour, mixed with tawny and asli the throat\\nand belly are of a dirty liite, inclining to gray its feet", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0429.jp2"}, "428": {"fulltext": "41 S HISTORY OF OUADRUPEDS.\\nare naked, and of a pale fiesh colour; the tail is as lo\u00c2\u00bbg\\nas the body, covered with minute dusky scales, thinly in-\\nterspersed with ohort uairs.\\nIn summer, it frequents the banks of rivers, ponds,\\nand ditches; where it lives on frogs, fishes, and small\\nanimals. But its rapacity is not confined entirely to\\nthese: It destroys rabbits, poultry, young pigeons, c.\\nIt infests the granary, the barn, and the storehouse does\\ninfinite mischief among corn and fruit of all kinds; and\\nnot content vvith satisfying its hunger, frequently carries\\nofi* large quantities to its hiding-place.\\nIt is a bold fierce little animal; and, when closely\\npursued, will turn and fasten on its assailant. Its bite is\\nkeen, and the wound it inflicts is painful, and difficult\\nto heal, owing to the form of its teeth, which are long,\\nsharp, and of an irregular form.\\nThe Rat is amazingly prolific, usually producing from\\ntwelve to eighteen at one time. Their numbers would\\nsoon increase beyond all power of restraint, were it not\\nfor an insatiable appetite, that impels them to destroy\\nand devour each other. The weaker always fall a prey\\nto the stronger and the large male Rat, which usually\\nlives by itself, is dreaded by those of its own species as\\ntheir most formidable enemy.\\nIt is a singular fact in the history of these animals,\\nthat the skins of such of them as have been devoured in\\ntheir holes have frequently been found, curiously turned\\ninside out every part being completely inverted, even\\nto the ends of the toes. How the operation is performed,\\nit would be difficult to ascertain but it appears to be ef-\\nfected in some peculiar mode of eating out the contents*\\nBesides the numbers that perish in these unnatural con-", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0430.jp2"}, "429": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 41 3\\nflicts, they have many fierce and inveterate enemies, that\\ntake every occasion to destroy them. Several kinds of\\nDogs pursue them with great alacrity, and eagerly kill\\nthem, though they invariably refuse to eat their fiesh\\nThe Cat is also a very formidable enemy, but generall}\\nfinds greater difficulty in the contest The Rat makes a\\nvigorous re istance, and sometimes effects its escape\\nThe Weasel is the most determined enemy of the Rat\\nkind it hunts them with unceasing avidity, pursues\\nthem into their holes, where it soon kills them, and\\nsuck their blood And in particular situations, the Fen^et\\nis a still more deadly adversary. Mankind have likewise\\ncontrived various methods of destroying these bold in-\\ntruders. For that purpose, traps are often found inef-\\nfectual such being their extreme sagacity, that when\\nany are drawn into the snare, the others by that means\\niearn to avoid the dangerous allurement, notwithstanding\\nthe utmost caution may have been used to conceal the de-\\nsign. The surest method of killing them is by poison\\nNux vomica ground, and mixed with oatmeal, with a\\nsmall proportion of oil of rhodium and mubk, have been\\nfound from experience to be very effectuaL", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0431.jp2"}, "430": {"fulltext": "414\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE WATER-RAT,\\n(Mus AmpJnbius, Lin. Le Rat d eau, BufF.)\\nIs somewhat smaller than the former its head and nose\\nare thicker its eyes are small its ears short, scarcely\\nappearing through the hair its teeth are large, strong,\\nand yellow. In an old one which we examined, the low-\\ner incisors measured somewhat more than half an inch in\\nlength. The hair on its head and body is thicker and\\nlonger than that of the common Rat, and chiefly of a\\ndark-brown colour, mixed with red the belly is gray\\nthe tail five inches long, covered with short black hairs,\\nand the tip with white.\\nThe Water- Rat generally frequents the sides of rivers,\\nponds, and ditches where it burrows, and forms its\\nnest. ^It feeds on frogs, small fish, and spawn swims\\nand dives remarkably fast and can continue a long time\\nunder w^ater.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0432.jp2"}, "431": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 4I\\nTHE MUSK-RAT OF CAMADA,\\n(Castor Zibethicus, Lin. L Ondatra, BufF.)\\nIs about the size of a young Rabbit Its head is thick\\nand short, resembling that of a Water- Rat its hair soft\\nand glossy beneath the outward hair there is a thick fine\\ndown, very useful in the manufacture of hats it is of a\\nreddish-brown colour its breast and belly ash, tinged\\nwith red its tail is long and flat, covered with scales\\nits eyes are large its ears short and hairy it has two\\nstrong cutting teeth in each jaw, those of the under jaw-\\nare about an inch long, but the upper ones are shorter.\\nThis animal is a native of Canada, where it is called\\nthe Ondatra,\\nIn many respects, it very much resembles the Beaver,\\nboth in form and manners. It is fond of the water, and\\nswims well. At the approach of winter, several families\\nassociate together. They build little huts, about two feet\\nin diameter, composed of herbs and rushes cemented\\nwith clay, forming a dome-like covering From these\\nare several passages, in different directions, by which\\nthey go out in quest of roots and other food. The\\nhunters take them in the spring, by opening their holes,", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0433.jp2"}, "432": {"fulltext": "4l6 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nand letting the light suddenly in upon them. At that\\ntime their flesh is tolerably good, and is frequently eaten;\\nbut in the summer it acquires a scent of musk, so strong,\\nas to render it perfectly unpalatable.\\nTHE MUSCOVT MUSK-RAT,\\n(Castor Moschatiis, Lin. Ddesman^ Buff.)\\nIs about the size of the common Rat Its nose is long\\nand slender, like that of the Shrew- Mouse it has no ex-\\nternal ears, and its eyes are very small the tail is com-\\npressed tideways, and its hind feet are webbed it is of a\\ndusky colour the belly of a light ash.\\nIt is a native of Lapland and Russia, frequents the\\nbanks of rivers, ^nd feeds on small fishes. It is often\\ndevoured by pikes and other fishes to which it commu-\\nnicates so strong a flavour of musk, as renders them very\\nunpleasant to the taste.\\nFrom its tail is extracted a kind of musk, very much\\nresembling the genuine sort. Their skins are fi-equently\\nlaid among clothes to pre -erve them from moths.-- In\\nLapland, it is called the Desman.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0434.jp2"}, "433": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n417\\nTHE BEAVER,\\nf Castor Fabery Lin. Le Bievre, BufF.)\\nThe most industrious of animals. Its labours seem\\nthe result of a social compact, formed for mutual conve-\\nnience, preservation, and support and as, in all well-re-\\ngulated societies, a due subordination is necessary for the\\nwell-ordering and conducting each individual effort to the\\nadvantage of the whole; so, amongst these curious ani-\\nmals, we find, that, in forming their habitations, all have\\ntheir proper part of the work assigned to them, that, by-\\ndividing their labours, safety, stability, and expedition,\\nmay be the general effect. To this purpose, a communi-\\nty of two or three hundred assemble together An over-\\nseer is chosen, whose orders are punctually obeyed; and,\\nby striking the water smartly with his tail, gives the\\nsignal where the united force of numbers is necessary to\\nbe applied, in order to strengthen and support the fabric\\nor, at the approach of an enemy, to apprize the society\\nDd", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0435.jp2"}, "434": {"fulltext": "418 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nof their danger. As soon as a convenient place is chosen\\nfor the erection of their building, which is generally a le-\\nvel piece of ground, with a small rivulet running through\\nit, they divide into companies Some are employed i^\\ncutting dov/n trees of great size, which is done by gnaw-\\ning them with their teeth These they lay across the dam\\nwith surprising labour and perseverance, or form into\\npiles, which others roll down to the water, where they\\nmake holes at the bottom for receiving the ends, and\\nplacing them upright, secure them in that position\\nw^hilst another party is engaged in collecting twigs, inter-\\nweaving and twisting them with the piles, and thereby\\nstrengthening the w ork Some collect lai ge quantities of\\nearth, stones, clay, and other solid materials, which they\\ndispose of on their upper side of the piles next the stream,\\nforming a mound ten or twelve feet thick at the bottom,\\ntapering gra.duaily upv^ards, and capable of sustaining a\\nconsiderable weight of water. The length of the dam,\\noccasioned by this means^ is sometimes not less than one\\nhundred feet.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Having compleated the mole, their next\\ncare is to erect their apartments, which are built on\\npiles They are of a circular form, and generally consist\\nof three stories, about eight feet high above the water\\nThe first lies below the level of the dam, and is generally\\nfull of water the other two are above it. The walls are\\ntwo feet in thickness, neatly plaistered with clay on the\\ninside, which is arched like an oven, and at the top re-\\nsembles a domCc In each house there is one opening to-\\nward the water, to which the animal has always access,\\nin case of surprise.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The number of houses in one of\\nthese dams is from ten to twenty-five some of them\\nlarge enough to contain a family of twenty or thirty", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0436.jp2"}, "435": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 419\\nBeavers. Each Beaver forms its bed of moss, and each\\nfamily lays in its magazine of winter provisions, which\\nconsists of bark and boughs of trees: They pile up the\\nlatter with great ingenuity and regularity, and draw it\\nout to their apartments as their wants require. They are\\nsaid to be fondest of the sassafras, ash, and sweet gum.\\nDuring summer, they feed on lea^^^es, fruits, and some-\\ntimes crabs or cray-fish but fish is not their favourite\\nfood. Their time of building is early in the summer.\\nIn winter, they never go farther than to their provision\\nstores and during that season are very fat.\\nThey breed once a year, and bring forth two or three\\nat a birth.\\nBeavers are found chiefly in the northern parts of Eu-\\nrope, Asia, and America particularly the latter, from\\nwhence many thousands of their skins- are annually\\nbrought into Europe. In 1763, the Hudson s Bay com-\\npany sold 54,670 Beaver skins at one sale. They vary in\\ncolour. The most valuable are black but the general\\ncolour is a chesnut-brown, more or less dark. Some\\nhave been found entirely white, others spotted but both\\nthese kinds are very rare.\\nThe Beaver is remarkable for the size and strength of\\nits cutting-teeth, which enable it to gnaAv down trees of\\ngreat inagnitude with ease. Its ears are short, and almost\\nhid in the fur its nose blunt tail broad and flat, neai ly\\nof an oval form, .and covered Vvith scales it serves not\\nonly as a rudder to direct its motions in the water, but\\nas a most useful instrurnent for laying on the clay, pres-\\nsing it into the crevices, and smoothing the outward co-\\nvering its fore feet are small, and not unlike those of a\\nDd2", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0437.jp2"}, "436": {"fulltext": "420 HISTORY OF Q^UADRUPEDS.\\nRat the hind feet are large and strong, with membranes\\nbetween each toe its length from nose to tail, is about\\nthree feet; the tail is eleven inches long, and three\\nbroad.\\nThe castor produced from these animals is found in\\na liquid state, in bags near the anus, about the size of an\\ne^^. When taken off, the matter dries, and is reducible\\nto a powder, which is oily, of a sharp bitter taste, and\\na strong disagreeable smell, These bags are found indif-\\nferently in males and females, and were formerly sup-\\nposed to be the animal s testicles, which, when pursued,\\nit was said to bite off, and by that means escape with its\\nlife.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0438.jp2"}, "437": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF (QUADRUPEDS. 421\\nTHE MO USE,\\n(Mus Miisculus, Lin. Le Souris^ BufF.)\\nThis well-known little animal is diffused in great num-\\nbers over almost every part of the world. It seems a\\nconstant attendant on man, and is only to be found near\\nhis dwelling. Its enemies are numerous and powerful,\\nand its means of resistance weak and inconsiderable Its\\nminuteness seems to be its best security and it is saved\\nfrom utter extinction only by its amazing fecundity.\\nThe Mouse brings forth several times in tlie yeai and\\ngenerally from six to ten each litter. The young are\\nproduced without hair, and in little more than fifteen\\ndays are able to subsist by themselves so that the in-\\ncrease is prodigious. Aristotle tells us, that having shut\\nup in a vessel a Mouse big with young, and provided\\nplenty of grain for her and Her offspring, in a short time\\nhe found 120 Mice all sprung from the same stock.\\nThe Mouse, when viewed without the disgust and ap-\\nprehension which usually accompany the sight of it, is a\\nbeautiful little animal Its skin sleek and soft, its eyes\\nDd3", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0439.jp2"}, "438": {"fulltext": "422 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nbright and lively, all its limbs are formed with exquisite\\ndelicacy, and its motions are smart and active.\\nSome few of this species are of a pure white colour\\nbut whether they be a permanent kind, or only an acci-\\ndental variety, cannot well be determkied. Its appear-\\nance is, however, very beautiful: its fine full eyes, of a\\nred colour, form an agreeable contrast with the snowy\\nwhiteness of its fur.\\nTHE LOJfG-TAILEB FIELD-MOUSE,\\n(Miis SyhaticuSy Lin.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Ld* Miilot, Buff.)\\nIs rather larger than the common Mouse, and very simi\u00c2\u00ab\\nlar to it in form It is of a yellowish-brown colour, its\\nbelly white, and its eyes remarkably large and prominent.\\nIt is found only in the fields, woods and gardens;\\nfeeds on nuts, corn, and acorns and lays up great stores\\nfor its support during winter. It burrows in the earth,\\nand generally forms its nest near the root of a tree, or\\nthick bush. If provisions fail during a storm, they de-\\nvour each other are very prolific, and bring nine or ten\\nyoung at a time.\\nMr. Pennant mentions a species, found in Hampshire,", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0440.jp2"}, "439": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS; 4^3\\nonly two inches and a half long from nose to tail, of a\\nfine rust colour above, and white beneath. It appears in\\ngreat numbers in harvest-time among the sheaves and\\nricks of corn. During winter, it shelters itself under\\nground, where it makes a warm bed of dry grass and\\nleaves. Its young are brought forth on a nest made be-\\ntween the straws of the standing corn, and are generally\\nabout eight in number each time.\\nTHE SHORT TAILED FIELD-MffUSE.\\nDiffers from the last, in having a thicker head, and\\nshorter tail its ears are very short, and almost hid in the\\nhair its body is about three inches long, and the tail\\none; the upper part of the body is of a reddish-\\nbrown, and the belly a deep ash-colour. Like the last, it\\nfrequents the fields and woods, but is seldom troublesome\\nin gardens: It also lives on the same kinds of food,\\nwhich it hides in holes under ground. It makes its nest\\nin moist meadows, and brings forth seven or eight young\\nat a time.\\nD d 4", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0441.jp2"}, "440": {"fulltext": "424 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE SHREW-MOUSE,\\nfSorex Jmneusy Lin. La Musaraigne^ BufF.)\\nIs smaller than the common Mouse, being only two inch-\\nes and a half long from the nose to the tail The nose is\\nlong and slender the ears short and the eyes, like those\\nof the Mole, almost concealed in the fur. It is of a red-\\ndish-brown colour; the belly white. The two upper\\nfore teeth of this animal are singularly constructed, and\\ndeserve particular notice having a small barb on each\\nside, so fine, as to be scarcely visible.\\nThe Shrew- Mouse frequents old walls and heaps of\\nstones feeds on insects, corn, and putrid substances\\nand is sometimes seen on dunghills, where it roots with\\nits nose like a Hog. It has so strong and disagreeable a\\nsmell, that the Cat, after she has killed, refuses to eat it.\\nIt forms its nest of dry grass, moss, c. on the surface\\nof meadows or pastures, and is said to breed four or five\\nyoung at a time.\\nThere seems to be an annual mortality of these animals\\nin August, numbers of them being found dead in the\\nfields, highways, c. about that time.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0442.jp2"}, "441": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n425\\nTHE WATER SHREW-MOUSE,\\n(La Musaraigne d Eau, Buff.)\\nIs larger than the last. The upper part of its body is\\nblack the throat, breast, and belly, of a light ash colour.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094It is rarely to be seen frequents the banks of rivulets\\nand marshy places, where it burrows.\\nIt is very numerous in Lincolnshire, but was never oh*\\nserved there till about twenty years ago. It is called, in\\nthat country, the Blind Mouse,", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0443.jp2"}, "442": {"fulltext": "426\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE DWARF-MOUSE,\\nIs a native of the Cape of Good- Hope, where It was dis-\\ncovered, and first described, by Sparmian. It is distin-\\nguished from every other species of the genus, by four\\nblack lines along its back, from the head to the tail.\\nIt is supposed to be the most diminutive quadruped m\\nthe world, being scarcely two inches in length. In the\\nannexed representation, it is drawn the natural size, and\\nforms a striking contrast with those gigantic animals\\nwhich inhabit that quarter of the world.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0444.jp2"}, "443": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n427\\nTHE MOLE,\\n(Talpa Eur opens Lin. La Taupe BuiT.)\\nThis animal, destined to seek its food and provide for\\nits subsistence under the surface of the earth, is wonder-\\nfully adapted, by the all- wise Author of Nature, to its pe-\\nculiar mode of living. It enjoys the senses of hearing\\nand smelling in a very eminent degree The former gives\\nnotice of every approach of danger whilst the latter\\nenables it to find its prey in the midst of darkness, and\\ncompensates in a great measure for an almost total want\\nof sight. To an animal so circumstanced, a larger de-\\ngree of vision would be attended with manifest inconve-\\nniences, as well as liable to continual injuries. We are\\ntold by anatomists, that, for their better security, the\\neyes of the Mole are furnished with muscles, by which it\\nhas the power of withdrawing or exerting them at plea-\\nsure. Its eyes are extremely small, and perfectly hid in\\nthe fur.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0445.jp2"}, "444": {"fulltext": "428 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nThe form of this creature s body, and particularly the\\nconstruction of its fore feet, are admirably adapted to the\\npurpose of making its way in the earth, which it does\\nwith v/onderful felicity These are quite naked, very\\nbroad, with large palms, almost like a hand There are\\nfive toes on each, terminated with strong nails, very con-\\ncave on the under side and, in place of a thumb, a\\nstrong bone under the skin. The hind feet are very\\nsmall, with five slender toes, and a small thumb on the\\ninside. Whenever it happens to be surprised on the sur-\\nface of the ground, it disappears in an instant and every\\nattempt to prevent its subterraneous retreat w^ould be vain.\\nThe Mole is mostly found in grounds where the soil is\\nloose and soft, and affords the greatest quantit}^ of worms\\nand insects on which it feeds.\\nThe female brings forth in the spring, and generally\\nproduces four or live at a time. The young are quite\\nnaked, and continue so till they are grown to a consider-\\nable size.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 It makes its nest a little below the surface of\\nthe ground, forming a commodious apartment, where it\\nprepares a warm bed of moss and herbage From this\\nthere are several passages in different directions to which\\nit can retreat with its young ones in case of danger into\\nthese likewise it makes excursions in quest of food. In\\nthe act of forming its tracks or runs, it throws up large\\nheaps of mould, which are extremely injurious in mea-\\ndows, grass lands, and cultivated grounds. Its destruc-\\ntion is consequently an object of importance to farmers,\\ngardners, c.\\nThe skin of the Mole is extremely tough its fur short,\\nclose- set, and softer than the finest velvet, or perhaps the\\nfur of any other animal.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0446.jp2"}, "445": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n429\\nTHE RADIATED MOLE,\\n(Sorex Cristatus, Lin.)\\nIs less than the common Mole, being not quite four\\ninches long Its fur is very close, short, and fine It is\\na native of North- America, feeds on roots, and forms\\nsubterraneous passages in different directions.\\nThere is a kind, found in Siberia, with a very short\\nnose, and no tail. It is of a beautiful green and gold co-\\nlour, variable with the light.\\nThere are some other varieties, that differ chiefly in\\nthe colour of the hair such as the Yellozo Mole of\\nNorth- America, which is larger than the European. Its\\nhair is soft, and of a silky gloss.\\nThat which is found in Virginia, resembles the com-\\nmon Mole. It is of a black colour, mixed with deep\\npurple.\\nIt is said that hats, peculiar fine and beautiful, have\\nbeen made of the fur of the Mole.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0447.jp2"}, "446": {"fulltext": "430\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE OPOSSUM.\\n{Didelph is, Lin, U Opossum, Buff.)\\nThis animal is found in great numbers in variousparts\\nof North and South- America, and was supposed by Buf-\\nfon to belong entirely to the new continent. We ai e\\nnow however, assured, that it exists in many of the In-\\ndian Islands. Several varieties of the Opossum kind have\\nbeen seen also in the new*ly discovered countries in the\\nSouth Seas.\\n^:r^^\\nTHE MURIME. THE SARAGOT,\\nThe Saragoy, or Molucca Opossum of Mr. Pen-\\nnant, is about the size of a Cat Its head is long nose\\nsharp and pointed ears large, thin, and naked eyes\\nsmall, black, and lively, having a white spot above each\\nof them its fur is soft, long, and of a dusky ash colour\\nits belly white its tail is similar to that of a Rat, naked", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0448.jp2"}, "447": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 431\\nand scaly, except a small part near the body, which is\\ncovered with hair its legs are short and its feet or\\nhands not unlike those of a Monkey, having five toes or\\nfingers on each the thumbs on the hind feet are desti-\\ntute of nails. But the peculiar and distinguishing cha-\\nracteristic of the Opossum is a pouch or false belly, in\\nwhich the female deposits her young immediately after\\nthey are brought forth, and nourishes them in it till they\\nare able to provide for themselves.\\nThe Chevalier d Aboville, whilst in America during\\nthe late war, in order to be satisfied respecting the time\\nof its gestation, manner of bringing forth, and suckling\\nits young, procured a male and female Opossum, which\\nhe tamed, and kept in his chamber till they copulated.\\nTen days after, he observed a considerable alteration in\\nthe size and form of the pouch its aperture being wider\\n|:han it was before, and its orifice thicker From that\\ntime it gradually grew closer, leaving only a small open-\\ning in the middle, similar to a naval On the fifteenth\\nday he introduced his finger, and found at the bottom of\\nthe bag a sm^all round body, about the size of a pea The\\ntwenty-fifth day he could feel a motion under his finger.\\nAfter the young had been a month in the pouch, they\\nwere plainly to be seen, on opening it a little. At the\\nend of two months, on examining the pouch, there ap-\\npeared to be six young ones, all of them attached to the\\nmother by a canal that entered the mouth, ^vhich, if\\nwithdrawn, could not be replaced but when six weeks\\nold, the young Opossum could resume it by strong suc-\\ntion, the mouth being then large enough to receive the\\npap, which is about two lines in length, and the size of\\ndie second or third string of a violin.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0449.jp2"}, "448": {"fulltext": "432 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nThe number of the young varies from five to ten or\\neleven.\\nThe paps are not disposed in regular order, as in other\\nanimals, but seem as if they were formed in those places\\nwhere the embryos attach themselves to the mother.\\nThe Opossum is a slow, helpless, animal, when on the\\nground but climbs trees with great ease and quickness\\nsometimes conceals itself among the branches, and sur-\\nprises the birds that come within its reach. It frequent-\\nly hangs, suspended by its tail and, in that situation,\\nwatches for its prey, which it darts upon with great agi-\\nlity.\\nBy means of this tail, the Opossum flings itself from\\none tree to another.- It feeds on birds, reptiles, insects,\\nroots, leaves, and the bark of trees. It is easily tamed,\\nis neither mischievous nor ferocious but its figure is dis-\\nagreeable, and the odour that exhales from its skin rank\\nand disgusting.\\nTHE MURIME OPOSSUM,\\n(Didelphis Murina, Lin. La Marmose, Buff.)\\nInhabits the warmest parts of South- America. It re-\\nsembles the former, but is much less. Its food and man-\\nner of living are likewise very similar to it.\\nIt brings forth from ten to fourteen young at a time\\nbut, instead of a bag, the female has two longitudinal\\nfolds under her belly, within which the young are se-\\ncured. When first produced, they are not larger than\\nbeans, and remain closely attached to the teat till they\\nattain sufiicient growth and strength to provide for them-\\nselves.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0450.jp2"}, "449": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF (QUADRUPEDS.\\n433\\nTHE MEXICAM OPOSSUM,\\nDiffers little from the preceding either in size or form.\\nIt is found in the mountainous parts of New-Spain, lives\\nin trees. Its tail is useful in twisting round the branch-\\nes, and securing its hold.\\nThe young attach themselves to their mother by their\\nhands and tails and, upon the least alarm, embrace her\\nclosely whilst she carries them to the shelter of some\\nneighbouring tree.\\nE", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0451.jp2"}, "450": {"fulltext": "434\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS,\\nTHE PHALAJfGER,\\nIs somewhat larger than a Rat Its nose is thick ears\\nshort and hairy its fur is of a reddish colour, variegated\\nwith light ash and yellow the under part of the body\\nyellowish- white it is distinguished from all those of the\\nOpossum kind we have hitherto mentioned, in having the\\niirst and second toes of the hind feet closely united its\\nclaws are large tail long, very broad and thick at its\\njunction with the body, and naked at the end.\\nIt inhabits the East- Indies,", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0452.jp2"}, "451": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS, 435\\nTHE SPOTTED OPOSSUM OF NEW SOUTH-\\nWALES.\\nThe general colour of this animal is black the body\\nspotted with irregular roundish patches of white the\\nears are large and erect muzzle long, pointed, and fur-\\nnished with long slender whiskers both fore and hind\\nlegs thinly covered with hair of an ash colour on the\\nfore feet it has five claws, and on the hind four length,\\nfrom nose to tail, about twenty-five inches tail thick\\nand bushy, like that of a Squirrel, except a part near the\\nbody, which is small, and covered with short hairs. The\\nfemale has six teats, placed circularly within the pouch.\\nTHE VULPINE OPOSSUM OF NEW SOUTH-\\nWALES,\\nIs long-nosed and short legged from the nose to the in-\\nsertion of the tail, measures two feet two inches; tail fif-\\nteen inches upper part of the body grisly, consisting of", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0453.jp2"}, "452": {"fulltext": "43^ HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\ndusky, reddish, and white hairs the under pails light-\\ntawny two-thirds of the tail black a blackish space\\nround each eye long black whiskers five toes on each\\nfore feet, and four on the hind, with a thumb of two\\njoints placed at the base of the inner toe the toes of the\\nfore feet are long, and answer the purpose of a hand\\nthe ears are about an inch and a half in length in the\\nupper jaw are six cutting- teeth, four grinders, andt^io\\ncanine teeth in the lower jaw, two long cutting teeth,\\nlike those of a Squirrel, and four grinders, but no canine\\nteeth.\\nTHE FLYING OPOSSUM OF NEW\\nSOUTH-WALES.\\nIts nose is pointed its ears large and erect the fur\\nmore delicate, and of a finer texture than that of the\\nSea- Otter, is of a beautiful dai k colour, and very glossy,\\npiixed with gray the under paits Vv^hite on each hip is", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0454.jp2"}, "453": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 437\\na tan- coloured spot the fur is continued to the claws\\nthe sailing membrane is the same as that of the Gray\\nSquirrel, but broader in proportion on the fore legs it\\nhas five toes, with a claw on each on the hind ones,\\nfour toes, and a long thumb, which enables the animal\\nto use it as a hand it is remarkable, that the three out-\\nside claws of the hind feet are not separated like the\\nothers.\\nTHE OPOSSUM OF VAM DIEMEM s LAJSTD,\\nWas discovered by Captain Cook in January, 1777; who\\ndescribes it as about twice the size of alarofe Rat. It is\\no\\ncovered with long soft glossy hair, of a rusty-brown co-\\nlour; its belly is of a dirty white.\\nIt inhabits Van Diemen s Land, the southern point of\\nNew- Holland.\\nEe", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0455.jp2"}, "454": {"fulltext": "438 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS,\\nTHE SQUIRREL OPOSSUM.\\nWe are favoured with a drawing of this beautiful ani-\\nmal, taken from a living one in the possession of the re-\\nvered Mr. Egerton, prebendary of Durham, by the in-\\ngenious Mr. Carfrae.\\nIt is a native of New South- Wales is about eighteen\\ninches long, exclusive of the tail, which is twelve Its\\nhead is broad, and pointed at the muzzle, which is fur-\\nnished with long whiskers its eyes are full, exceedingly\\nprominent, and of a fiery redness; it has five claw^s on\\nthe fore feet, three on the hind, and a thumb two\\ncutting teeth in each jaw, the upper projecting beyond\\nthe under. Its manners are similar to those of a Squir-\\nrel. It sits up, holds its food in its fore paws with great\\ndexterity, and feeds itself. When irritated, it sits still\\nmore erect, or throws itself upon its back, making aloud", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0456.jp2"}, "455": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS; 439\\nand harsh noise. -It feeds on vegetables, small birds^\\nThe fur is long, soft, and very close; of a mixed\\nbrown or grayish colour on the back the under parts of\\na yellowish- white. Its tail is prehensile, very broad at\\nthe base, tapers to the end, and is naked on the under\\nside. The female is furnished with a pouch.\\nTHE KAMGUROO,\\nIs a native of New- Holland, where it was first discover-\\ned by Sir Joseph Banks.- Its head is small and taper,\\nears large and erect, upper lip divided, the end of the\\nnose black, nostrils wide, lower jaw shorter thtm the up-\\nper, and there are whiskers on both it likewise has\\nstrong hairs above and below the eves its head, neck\\nE c i", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0457.jp2"}, "456": {"fulltext": "440 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nand shoulders, are small the lower parts of the body in-\\ncreasing in thickness to the rump its tail is long, very-\\nthick near the rump, and taper its fore feet are extreme-\\nly short, and are mostly used in digging or bringing its\\nfood to its mouth it moves altogether on its hind legs,\\nmaking successive bounds of ten or twelve feet, with\\nsuch rapidity as to outstrip the fleetest Greyhound it\\nsprings from rock to rock, and leaps over bushes seven\\nor eight feet high, with great ease it has five toes on\\nits fore feet, three on the hind, the middle one very\\nlong the inner claw is divided down the middle into\\ntwo parts.\\nThe Kanguroo rests on its hind legs, which are hard,\\nblack, and naked on the under side. Its fur is short and\\nsoft, of a reddish ash colour, lighter on the lower parts.\\nIt is the only quadruped our colonists have yet met\\nwith in New South- Wales that supplies them with ani-\\nmal food. There are two kinds. The largest that\\nhad been shot weighed about 1401b. and measured,\\nfrom the point of the nose to the end of the tail, six feet\\none inch the tail, two feet one inch head eight inches\\nfore legs, one foot hind legs, two feet eight inches\\ncircumference of the fore part of the body, near the legs,\\none foot one inch and of the hind part, three feet.\\nThe smaller kind seldom exceed 601b.\\nThis animal is furnished with a pouch, similar to that\\nof the Opossum, in which its young are nursed and shel-\\ntered.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0458.jp2"}, "457": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n441\\nTHE KANGUEOO^RAT OF NEW SOUTH-WALES.\\nIs about the size of a rabbit, and in shape resembles the\\nKanguroo, both in respect to the shortness of the fore\\nlegs, and the peculiar use and construction of the hind\\nones the form of the head is like that of a Rat, and its\\nbody nearly of the same colour in the upper jaw it has\\ntwo long cutting teeth, with three short ones on each\\nside of them in the lower jaw, two long cutting teeth,\\nand three grinders on each side.\\nThe female, like most of the animals of that country,\\nhas a pouch, like the Opossum.\\nIt feeds on vegetables, burrows in the ground, and is\\nvery tame and inofiensive.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0459.jp2"}, "458": {"fulltext": "442 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS,\\nTHE TELLOF/ MACAUCO.\\nTHE RIJ^G TAILEB MACAUCO,\\n{Lemur Cafta, hm.\u00e2\u0080\u0094-Le Mococo, BufF.)\\nThe Ring-tailed Macauco is a very beautiful ani-\\nmal, about the size of a Cat. Its body and limbs are\\nlong and slender its tail very long, and marked with\\nalternate bars of black and white In the conformation\\nof its paws, it seems to approach the Monkey kind but\\nits nose is long and sharp, like that of a Fox, and its ears\\nare also large and pointed Its head and throat are\\nv/hite eyes large, and surrounded with black Its fur\\nIS glossy, soft, anddelicate,\u00e2\u0080\u0094- of a reddish-ash colour on\\nthe back belly white.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0460.jp2"}, "459": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 443\\nIt is found in Madagascar and the neighbouring isles,\\nis very playful, but not mischievous. When in mo-\\ntion, it makes a sort of galloping progress in an oblique\\ndirection, and carries its tail almost erect but when sit-\\nting, it is twisted round the body, and brought over its\\nhead. Troops of thirty or forty are sometimes seen\\ntogether.\\nIt is a cleanly animal and, when taken young, may\\nbe easily tamed.\\nThe Yellow Macauco has been classed with the\\nWeasel tribe by Mr. Pennant, in his History of Quadru-\\npeds and it seems to bear some general resemblance to\\nthat species of animals. Its head is fiat and broad its\\nears are short, eyes small, body long and slender, legs\\nand thighs short and thick, and it has five straight toes on\\neach foot Its fur is short, soft, and glossy, of a black\\ncolour, mixed with yellow, on the back the cheeks, in-\\nside of the legs, and belly, yellow along the back, from\\nhead to tail, there is a broad dusky stripe and another\\non the belly, half way from the tail, which is nearly as\\nlong as its body, of a bright tawny colour, mixed with\\nblack, and has the same prehensile faculty as those of\\nsome kinds of Monkies. Its length, from nose to tail,\\nis nineteen inches.\\nOne of this species was shewn in London some yeai s\\nago, and was said to have been brought from Jamaica,\\nwhere it *is called the Poito. It was good-natured and\\nsportive, would catch hold of any thip.g with its tail, audi\\nsuspend itself by it.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0461.jp2"}, "460": {"fulltext": "44^\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS,\\nTHE TAIL-LESS MACAUCO.\\nf Lemur Tardigradus, Lin.)\\nTHE MOJ^GOOZ.\\n(Lemur Mongooz, Lin. Le Mongooz, BufF.\\nThe Tail-less Macauco is found in Ceylon and\\nBengal, lives in woods, and feeds on fruits is fond of\\neggs and small birds, which it devours greedily.\\nIt is a very inactive animal, and its motions slow very\\ntenacious of its hold, and makes a plaintive noise.\\nIts head is small, and nose pointed each eye is edged\\nwith a circle of white, which is also surrounded with", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0462.jp2"}, "461": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF OUADRUPEDS. 445\\nanother of black its body is covered with a short silky-\\nfur, of a reddish-ash colour the toes naked nails flat,\\nexcept those on the inner toes of the hind feet, which\\nare sharp and crooked. Its length, from the nose to the\\nrump, is sixteen inches.\\nThe MoNGOOzis nearly of the same size, as the Ring-\\ntailed Macau CO.\\nIts fur is line, soft and woolly, of a deep brownish-\\nash colour the eyes are of a beautiful orange colour,\\nsurrounded with black the ears are short; cheeks white;\\nend of the nose black the tail very long, and covered\\nwith hair of the same sort and colour as the body its\\nhands and feet are naked, and of a dusky colour its\\nnails, except one upon the inner toe of each hind foot,\\nare fiat.\\nIt inhabits Madagascar and the isles adjacent, sleeps\\nin trees, is very playful and good-natured, feeds on fruits,\\nis extremely tender, and cannot bear any change to a less\\ntemperate climate.\\nTHE LOR IS,\\nIs a very slender animal, and differs greatly from the\\npreceding, both in form and manners.\\nIt is not much larger than a Squirrel, but its limbs ai^e\\nlonger the hind legs greatly exceed the fore in length\\nthe thumbs on each foot are more distinct and separate\\nfrom the toes than those of other Macaucos its nose is\\npointed, like that of a dog its forehead high eai^s\\nround and thin its fur is short and delicately soft, of a\\ntawny colour on the back, and whitish below It has no\\ntail.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0463.jp2"}, "462": {"fulltext": "446 HISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS;\\nThe Loris is a native of Ceylon, very active, lives in\\ntrees, and feeds on fruit. Seba says, the male climbs\\nthe trees, and tastes the fruit before he presents it to his\\nmate.\\nTHE BLACK MACAUCO.\\n(Lemur Niger y Lin. Le Vari, Buff.)\\nIs larger than the Mongooz. It is a native of Madagas-\\ncar, is very fierce, and makes a loud noise in the woods\\nbut, when tamed, is gentle and good-natured. Its eyes\\nare of a deep orange colour. Round its head, the hair\\nis long, and stands out like a ruff.\\nThe general colour of this animal is black but some\\nare white, spotted with black. The feet are black and\\nnaked.\\nTHE TARSIER,\\nIs remarkable for the great length of its hind legs, in\\nwhich it resembles the Jerboa has four slender toes and\\na distinct thumb on each foot Its visage is pointed eyes\\nlarge and prominent ears erect, broad, and naked Its\\nhair is soft and woolly, of a deep ash colour, mixed with\\ntB.wny Its length, from the nose to the rump, is nearly\\nsix inches the tail is nine inches long, round, scaly, al-\\nmost naked, like that of a Rat, and tufted at the end.\\nIt is found in some of the remote islands of India,\\nespecially Amboyna.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0464.jp2"}, "463": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF ^UADHUPEDS. 447\\nANIMALS OF THE MOMKET KIJSTD.\\nWe now come to the description of a numerous race\\nof animals, consisting of a greater variety of kinds, and\\nmaking nearer approaches to the human species, both in\\nform and action, than any other class of quadrupeds.\\nMonkies are found only in the warmest parts of the\\nworld, and chiefly in the torrid zone. They abound in\\nthe woods of Africa, from Senegal to the Cape of Good\\nHope, and from thence to Ethiopia in all paits of India,\\nand its isles in the South of China in Japan and in\\nSouth- America, from the Isthmus of Darien as far as Pa-\\nraguay. A species or two are also met with in Arabia\\nand the province of Barbary.\\nOn account of the numbers and different appearances\\nof these animals, they have been divided into three clas-\\nses, and described under the following denominations\\nviz.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Apes, or such as have no tail Baboons, or such\\n^s have short tails Mo n k i e s or such as have long tails.\\nIn the Ape kind, we see the whole external machine\\nstrongly impressed With the human likeness, and capable\\nof similar exertions They walk upright, their posteriors\\nare fleshy, their legs are furnished with calves, and their\\nhands and feet are neai^ly like the human.\\nIn the Baboon, we perceive a more distant resem-\\nblance of the human form He generally goes upon all\\nfour, seldom upright, but when constrained to it in a\\nstate of servitude. Some of them are as tall as a man\\nThey have short tails, long faces, sunk eyes, arc ex-\\ntremely disgusting, lascivious, and possessed of the most\\nbrutal fierceness.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0465.jp2"}, "464": {"fulltext": "448\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nThe Monkey kind are removed still farther, and are\\nmuch less than the former. Their tails are generally\\nlonger than their bodies and, although they sit upon\\ntheir posteriors, they always move upon all four. ^They\\nare a lively, active race of animals, full of frolic and gri-\\nmace, greatly addicted to thieving, and extremely fond of\\nimitating human actions, but always with a mischievous\\nintention.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0466.jp2"}, "465": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS. 449\\nTHE ORAJV OUTANG, OR WILD MAX\\nOF THE WOODS,\\n(Simia SatyruSy Lin. Le Pongo, Buii.)\\nIs the largest of all the Ape kind, and makes the nearest\\napproach to the human figure. One of this kind, dis-\\nsected by Dr. Tyson, has been very accurately described\\nby him. The principle external differences, pointed out\\nby that learned physician, consisted in the great length of\\nthe arms, and shortness of the thighs; the thumb is also\\nmuch smaller, and the palm of the hand longer and nar-\\nrower, than in man; the form of the feet is very dissimi-\\nlar, the toes being much longer, and the large toe placed\\nat a greater distance from the others the forehead is\\nF f", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0467.jp2"}, "466": {"fulltext": "45Q HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nhigher, the nose flat, and the eyes much sunk Beside\\nthese, that anatomist has enumerated a variety of essential\\ndifferences in the internal conformation of the Oran-Ou-\\ntang all of which sufficiently evince, that, though he\\nhas the strongest affinity to the human form of any other\\nquadruped yet, as Buffbn elegantly observes, the in-\\nterval vvhich separates the two species is immense the\\nresemblance in figure and organization, and the move-\\nments of imitation which seem to result from these simi-\\nlarities, neither make him approach the nature of man,\\nnor elevate him above that of the brute.\\nThe Oran-Outang is found in the interior parts of\\nAfrica, in Madagascar, Borneo, and some parts of the\\nEast- Indies.\\nIt is a solitary animal, avoids mankind, and lives only\\nin the most desart places.\\nThe largest of the kind are said to be about six feet\\nhigh, very active, strong, and intrepid, capable of over-\\ncoming the strongest man They are likewise exceeding-\\nly swift, and cannot easily be taken alive. They live en-\\ntirely on fruits and nuts, will sometimes attack and kill\\nthe negroes wiio wander in the v/oods, and drive away\\nthe Elephants that happen to approach too near the place\\nof their residence. It is said that they sometimes sur-\\nprise the female negroes, and carry them off into the\\nwoods, where they compel them to stay with them.\\nWhen taken young, however, the Oran- Outang is ca-\\npable of being tamed, and rendered extremely docile.\\nOne of them, shewn in London some years ago, was\\ntaught to sit at table, make use of a spoon or fork in eat-\\ning its victuals, and drink wine or other liquors out of a\\nglass. It was extremely mild, affectionate, and good-na-", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0468.jp2"}, "467": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 451\\ntured much attached to its keeper, and obedient to his\\ncommands. Its aspect was grave, and its disposition me-\\nlancholy. It was young, and only two feet four inches\\nhigh. Its body was covered with hair of a black colour,\\nwhich was much thicker and closer on the back than on\\nthe fore part of the body the hands and soles of the feet\\nwere naked, and of a dusky colour.\\nTHE PIGMY APE.\\n{Simla Sylvaiius, Lin. Le Pitlieqiie, Buff.)\\nA variety, found in Guinea, Ethiopia, and other parts\\nof Africa, much smaller than the last, being not more\\nthan a foot and a half in length. It is very tractable,\\ngood-natured, and easily tamed is supposed to have been\\nthe Pithecos of the ancients. It lives in woods, and feeds\\non fruits and insects. Troops of them assemble together,\\nand defend themselves from the attacks of wild beasts in\\nthe desart, by throwing a cloud of sand behind them^\\ni^hich blinds their pursuers, and facilitates their escape.\\ni f 2\\nI", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0469.jp2"}, "468": {"fulltext": "453\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE LOJfG-ARMED APE,\\n(Le Grand Gibbon, Buii.)\\n1^ distinguished by the extraordinary length of its arms,\\nwhich reach to the ground when its body is upright, and\\ngive it a disgusting appearance. Its face is flat, and of a\\ntawny colour, surrounded with a circle of gray hairs,\\nwhich adds to the singulai^ity of its aspect its eyes are\\nlarge and deep sunk ears round and naked body cover-\\ned on all parts with black rough hair, except its buttocks,\\nwhich are quite naked.\\nIt is a mild, gentle, and tractable animal feeds on\\nfruits, leaves, and the bark of trees is a native of the\\nEast-Indies, Sumatra, and the Molucca isles and mea-\\nsures from three to four feet in height.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0470.jp2"}, "469": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n453\\nTHE BARB ART APE,\\n[Simia Imias, Lin. Le Magot, Buff.)\\nIs wilder and more untractable than the others. His\\nhead is large, and his nose prominent He likewise dif-\\nfers from the last, in having cheek pouches, which he\\nfrequently fills w ith food before he beings to eat The\\ncanine teeth are large and strong ears round, and some-\\nwhat like those of a man the body is covered with hair\\nof a brown colour, inclining to green lighter on the\\nbelly. When standing erect upon his hind legs, he is\\ngenerally two feet and a half or three feet high. He\\nwalks oftener on four than on two feet and, when rest-\\ning, supports his bod}^ on two prominent callosities, situ-\\nated on his buttocks.\\nThis is a very common species, and is found in most\\nparts of Africa, from Barbary to the Cape of Good\\nHope.\\nF f 3", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0471.jp2"}, "470": {"fulltext": "454f HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS,\\nTHE BABOON,\\n(Simia Sphynx, Lin.)\\nDiffers from animals of the Ape kind, not only in ex-\\nternal appearance, but also in temper and disposition.\\nFierce, untractable, and libidinous, its disposition seems\\nto partake of the hedious and disgusting deformities of\\nits outward figure. Its body is thick, compact, and ner-\\nvous, and its strength prodigious. Neither art nor ca-\\nresses can render it in any degree docile or obedient. It\\nseems to be continually fretting with rage, and seeking\\nevery opportunity of shewing its savage and vicious pro^\\npensities. In a state of captivity, it must be kept closely\\nconfined and, even in that state, we have seen one shake\\nthe bars of his cage so powerfully with his hands, as to\\nexcite the utmost terror in the spectators.\\nThis animal, of which we have given a very faitliful", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0472.jp2"}, "471": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 455\\nrepresentation from the life, was about four feet high\\nwhen standing on its hind legs Its head was large,\\nshoulders of an amazing strength and thickness, its muz-\\nzle long and thick, eyes small and deep sunk, its canine\\nteeth very large and formidable, and it had pouches in\\nits cheeks The hair on its head was long, and formed a\\nvery eleagant toupee from its forehead and each side of its\\nface, which, when angry, it erected; the hair on the bo-\\ndy was uniformly of a light reddish-brown the tail short,\\nand darker at the end buttocks red and naked.\\nThe Baboon inhabits the hottest parts of Africa feeds\\non fruits, roots, and other vegetables. Numerous troops\\nsometimes make their appearance, plundering gardens\\nand cultivated grounds. They are extremely dexterous\\nin throwing the fruit from one to another, and by this\\nmeans will do incredible damage in a very short time.\\nThe female brings forth only one young at a time,\\nwhich she carries in her arms, and suckles at her breast.\\nNotwithstanding its libidinous disposition, it will not\\nbreed in temperate climates.\\nFf 4", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0473.jp2"}, "472": {"fulltext": "45^ HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE RIBBED-MOSE BABOON.\\n(Simia Maimon, Lin. Le Mandrill, BufF.)\\nThis singular creature is no less remarkable for its\\ngreat size and strength, than for the variety of beautiful\\ncolours on different parts of its body. Its nose is marked\\nAvith broad ribs on each side, of a fine violet-blue colour\\nA vermilion line begins a little above the eyes and, run-\\nning down on each side of the nose, which is somewhat\\nsimilar to that of a Hog, spreads over the tip of it The\\ninsides of the ears are blue, which gradually softens to a\\npurple, and terminates in vermilion the rump is also of\\na vermilion colour and the beautiful colours on the hips", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0474.jp2"}, "473": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 457\\nare gradations from red to blue the hair on the fore-\\nhead IS long, turns back, and forms a kind of pointed\\ncrest its beard is dark at the roots, orange at the mid-\\ndle, and yellow at the end the back and legs are cover-\\ned with short hair, of a dark-brown colour, mixed with\\nyellow, the breast and belly with long whitish hair,\\nspeckled with small dark spots its tail short and hairy,\\nnails flat, feet and hands black and naked.\\nOne of this kind was exhibited about twelve years ago\\nin the North of England. It was five feet high, ex-\\ntremely fierce, libidinous, and strong. At the sight of\\nwomen, it discovered marks of the most violent passion\\nIt once caught hold of a lady, who was so incautious as\\nto approach too near it and she was with some difficulty\\nrescued by the interference of the keeper. Its voice was\\nstrong and harsh, not unlike the ordinary growl of the\\nLion, It generally went upon its four feet, unless obli-\\nged by its keeper to stand erect. Its most usual atti-\\ntude was sitting on its rump, with its arms placed before\\nit.\\nThis creature inhabits the hottest parts of Africa.\\nSchreber says, it lives on succulent fruits and nuts, is\\nfond of eggs, will put eight at once into its pouches,\\nthen take them out one by one, break then! at the end,\\nand swallow the contents.\\nOur representation of this animal was done from a\\ndrawing in the possession of the Rev. Mr. Egerton, taken\\nfrom the life by an eminent painter.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0475.jp2"}, "474": {"fulltext": "458\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE SMALL RIBBED-MOSE BABOOJf.\\nTh e annexed cut was done from the living animal, in\\nthe possession of Mr. Rayne, surgeon, in Newcastle.\\nIt is about fifteen inches in height its face flat, of a\\nfine blue colour eyes bright hazel the cheeks marked\\nwith small ribs, bounded with thick bushy hair, of a\\ngreenish colour, finely speckled with black the hair on\\nthe forehead is very long, and runs up to a point on the\\ntop of the shoulders the muzzle is thick, and furnished\\nwith short hair, thinly scattered on each side it has a\\nshort thin beaixl, ending in a point, which is of an orange\\ncolour the hair on the body is dark brown, mixed with\\nshades of green on the back and sides, the haunches\\ndusky the ears are small, naked, and pointed the tail\\nshort and hairy the buttocks bare, and of a red fiesh- co-\\nlour hands and feet naked It has cheek pouches feeds\\non fruits, nuts, roots, and other vegetables. Jt is lively\\nand playful, walks commonly on all four, is in continual\\nmotion, and leaps with astonishing agility. This spe*\\ncies is said to come from the coast of Guinea.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0476.jp2"}, "475": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 459\\nTHE PIG-TAILED BABOOM,\\n(Simla Nemestrina^ Lin. Le Maimon, Bii^,)\\nSo termed from its short, naked, pig-like tail, is the least\\nof all the Baboon kind a gentle, mild, and tractable\\nanimal very lively and frolicsome, but has none of that\\nimpudent petulance so peculiar to most of its species.\\nIts muzzle is large and thick face and ears naked, and\\nof a flesh colour the hair on the head and back is of a\\ndeep olive, palest on the belly it has hazel eyes, cheek\\npouches, callosities on the buttocks, which ai^e naked,\\nand of a red colour. It is a native of Sumatra and\\nJapan.\\nOne of this kind was shewn in the North in 1788,\\nfrom which this drawing was made.\\nIt is a curious circumstance, that not only this, but\\nevery animal of the Baboon and Monkey kind we have\\nyet seen, have shewn a remarkable greediness for tobac-", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0477.jp2"}, "476": {"fulltext": "460 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nCO, mustard, and even snufF, which they eat without ex-\\npressing the smallest inconvenience, and always seem\\nextremely desirous of more.\\nTHE DOG-FACED BABOOMy\\n(Simia Hamadryas^ Lin.)\\nIs distinguished by a longer tail than the rest of its kind\\nIn this respect, it seems to bear some affinity to the Mon-\\nkey, and has been mentioned under that denomination\\nby several naturalists.\\nWe may observe here, that, in tracing the progress of\\nanimated Nature, we are led, by the most imperceptible\\ngradations, from one kind to another The line of sepa-\\nration seems so faintly drawn, that we ai e frequently at\\na loss how to fix the boundaries of one class, without en-\\ncroaching upon those of another and, notwithstanding", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0478.jp2"}, "477": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 46I\\nthe regularity and order which every where prevail a-\\nmong the numerous families that inhabit the earth, the\\nbest and most approved systems of arrangement fall infi-\\nnitely short of precision They serve, indeed, to direct\\nus to the general characters which form the distinguish-\\ning features of each genus, but are very inadequate to\\ndiscriminate the intermingled shades and nice touches by\\nwhich all are diversified.\\nThe drawing of this animal was taken from one shewn\\nin London under the name of the Persian Savage.\\nIts head was large muzzle long and thick eyes small\\nface naked, and of an olive colour the hair on its fore-\\nhead separated in the middle, and hung down on each\\nside of the face, from thence down its back as far as its\\nwaist it was long and shaggy, of a blueish-gray colour,\\nfreckled with dark spots the hair on the lower part of\\nthe body short its buttocks bare and red.\\nThat described by Mr. Pennant, which seems to agree\\nwith this, is represented as very fierce and untractable.\\nIt inhabits the hottest parts of Africa and Asia, lives in\\ntroops, and commits great depredations in gardens and\\ncultivated grounds is above five feet high, exceedingly\\nstrong, vicious, and impudent.\\nTHE URSINE BABOON,\\nIs not unlike the last, but rather less. Its nose is long\\nhead large ears short forhead high and prominent,\\nterminating in a ridge the body thick and strong, co-\\nvered with long dusky hair, which gives it the appear-\\nance of a youi\\\\g Bear its tail is half the length of the\\nbody, buttocks red.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0479.jp2"}, "478": {"fulltext": "463 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nThis animal is very numerous about the Cape of Good\\nHope. Troops of them assemble together, and make ex-\\npeditions for the sake of plunder, in which they observe\\nthe utmost precaution. To prevent surprise, they place\\na centinel, which upon sight of man, gives a loud yell\\nwhen the whole troop retreats with the greatest precipi-\\ntation. It is highly entertaining to see the females car-\\nrying off their young ones clinging to the backs whilst\\ntheir pouches are crammed so full of fruit, that they\\nseem ready to burst. They sometimes form a line, and\\nthrow the fruit from one to another, in order to carry it\\noff the more expeditiously.\\nTHE IVANDEROU,\\nIs a native of Ceylon and the East- Indies. Its head is\\nthick and long, and suri ounded with a large quantity of\\nwhite hair, which falls down below the chin, forming a\\nroughs shaggy beard the rest of the body is covered\\nwith a dark-brov.Ti coat, almost black. Like all ani-\\nmals of this kind, it is wild and vicious; but when\\ntaken young, may easily be tamed and appears to be\\nmore susceptible of education than other Baboons.\\nThere ai e several varieties of this species. The bodies\\nof some are black with white beaids in others, the bo-\\ndy is whitish, and the beard black Some are found en-\\ntirely white but this species is extremely rare, and is\\nsaid to be stronger and more mischievous than the others.\\nThese beai ded Baboons ai e much esteemed for the\\ngravity of their appeaiT^nce and are used by the Indians\\nin their ceremonies and shows, in which they are said to\\nacquit themsehvcs to the admiration oftlie spectators.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0480.jp2"}, "479": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 4^3\\nTHE HARE-LIPPED MONKET,\\n(Simia Ci/nomolgiis, Lin. Le Macaque, BufF.)\\nWe have placed this animal next to the Baboons, be-\\ncause it makes the nearest approach to them in the form\\nof its body, which is short and thick Its head and muz-\\nzle are large its visage ugly, naked, and wrinkled and\\nits nostrils divided, like those of a Hare Its tail, how-\\never, is long, like that of a Monkey The colour of the\\nhair on the upper part of the body is a greenish- ash,\\nlighter on the breast and belly.\\nThere are several varieties, which differ both in size\\nand colour.\\nThis animal is found in Guiana, Congo, and some of\\nthe southern parts of Africa. They go in troops, and do\\ninfinite mischief to plantations of millet, which they car-\\nry off under their arms and in their mouths. They arc\\nextremely nice and delicate in their choice; and, by pul-\\nling up what does not please them, do more damage than\\nb} what they really eat.\\nTHE PATAS, OR RED MONKET,\\nIs nearly of the same size with the last, and inhabits the\\nsame country its body is, however, rather longer, its\\nface less hideous, and its hair more beautiful. It is re-\\nmarkable for the brilliancy of its coat, which is of so\\nbright a red, as to have the appearance of being painted.\\nThere are two varieties of this kind The one is dis^\\ntinguished by a black line above the eyes, extending from", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0481.jp2"}, "480": {"fulltext": "4^4 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\near to ear in the other, the line is white. Both have\\nlong hair under the chin, and round the cheeks which\\nin the first is yellow, and in the second wliite The nose\\nis black the under part of the body of an ash colour,\\ntin,^ed with }^ellow.\\nThese Monkies are very numerous on the banks of the\\nriver Senegal. They are so curious, as sometimes to de-\\nscend from the tops of trees to the extremities of the\\nbranches, while boats ai e passing, and seem to observe\\nthem with great attention. If not disturbed, their fami-\\nliai ity becomes troublesome They break off branches,\\nthrow them at the passengers, and frequently with so sure\\nan aim, as to annoy them not a little but, upon being\\nshot at, they set up most hideous cries, endeavour to re-\\nvenge themselves by collecting more offensive materials,\\nsuch as stones, dirt, ccc. v\\\\ hich they throv/ at the enemy,\\nand soon retire.\\nTrctvellers relate that, in Guinea, Monkies are fre-\\nquently seen together in troops of forty or fifty, plun-\\ndering gardens and fields of corn with great boldness.\\nOne of them stands on a tree, listens, and looks about\\non all sides, while the rest ai e busy. Upon the least ap-\\npearance of interruption, he sets up a loud cry to alarm\\nthe party when they immediately fly off with the booty\\nthey have collected, leaping from tree to tree with prodi-\\no ious ao iiitv.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0482.jp2"}, "481": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 4^5\\nTHE CHINESE BONNET MONKET,\\nAppears to be only a variety of the Malbrouck The\\nprincipal difference consists in its having the hair on its\\nhead disposed in the form of a fiat bonnet, from which\\nits name has been derived. It inhabits the same country,\\nand lives in the same manner.\\nWhen fruits and succulent plants fail, these ani-\\nmals are said to eat insects, and sometimes watch by the\\nsea -side for crabs and other shell-fish, which they are ve-\\nry dexterous in catching.\\nThey are never thoroughly tamed, and cannot be trust-\\ned without a chain. They do not breed when in a state\\nof confinement, even in their own country but require\\nto be at perfect freedom in their native woods.\\nTHE MANGABEZ\\n(Simia Mthlops^ Lin.)\\nIs distinguished from all other Monkies by a very remark-\\nable character. Its eye-lids are naked, of a pure white\\ncolour and round each eye there is a prominent ring\\nThe hair on the head and body is of a yellowish-brown\\ncolour that on the belly white. Some of them have a\\nbroad collar of ^vhite hair surrounding their neck and\\niiice.\\nCi g", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0483.jp2"}, "482": {"fulltext": "4^6 HISTORY 6F gUADRU^EDS.\\nTHE GREEM MOJVKET,\\n(Simia Sabcea, Lin. Le Callitriche, Buff.)\\nSo Galled from its beautiful hair, which, on the upper\\npart of the body and tail, is of a fine green colour; the\\nthroat, belly, and under side of the limbs are of a silvery\\nwhiteness The tail is eighteen inches long, length of\\nthe body thirteen^ height eight and a halL\\nIt is common in the Cape de Verd islands and the\\nEast- Indies, and is also found in Mauritania^ and in the\\nterritories of ancient Carthage* Hence it is probable,\\nsays M. Buffon, that it was known to the Greeks and\\nRomans, and that it was one of those long- tailed Mon-\\nkies to which they gave the general name of Callitrix.\\nIt seems to be the same kind as that mentioned by\\nAdanson who relates that the woods of Podor, along\\nthe river Niger, are full of Green Apes, which, from\\ntheir colour, are scarcely discernible among the branches\\nof the trees where they live.\\nThe animal from which the above was taken was a\\nfemale in the possession of William Hargrave, Esq. of\\nShawdon.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0484.jp2"}, "483": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF eUADRUPi:DSi 46t\\nTHE MUSTACHE,\\n(Simia Cephiis, Lin.-\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Z^ Moustac, BufF.)\\nIs a beautiful little animal, having a tuft of yellow hair\\non each cheek, and another on the top of the head,\\nwhich is long and upright Its face is of a bluish colour^\\nbody of a greenish ash, breast and belly lighter* Its\\nlength is only one foot that of the tail eighteen inches*\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094It is a native of Guinea.\\nTHE TALAPOIN,\\nIs a native of the East-Indies, where it is suffered to mill-\\ntiply without molestation, owing to the religious supersti^\\ntion of the Bramins, which forbids them to take the life\\nof any kind of animal whatever. They are so tame and\\nfamiliar, that numbers of them frequently come into\\ntheir towns, enter the houses and if not prevented, help\\nthemselves to whatever they meet with that is agreeable\\nto them such as fruits, sweetmeats, Sec.\\nThe Talapoin is about twelve inches long Its head is\\nround ears black and shaped like the human eyes of\\nii bright hazel colour, with black pupils the hair on the\\nback, upper part of the body, and limbs, of a dusky yel-\\nlow, tinged with green the belly lighter its tail very\\nlong, slender, and of an olive colour.\\nGg2", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0485.jp2"}, "484": {"fulltext": "46S HISTORY OF gUAD RUPEDI?.\\nTHE VARIED MOJSTKET, OR MOMA,\\n(La Money BiifF.)\\nIs best known of all the Monkey tribe, being morefre-\\nquently brought into Europe than any other. It is a\\nnative of Bai^bary and other northern parts of Africa,\\nArabia, and Persia; where it is called the Mona, from\\nwhich our general term is derived.\\nIts nose is short and thick its face of a dark lead co-\\nlour the beard on each side long, and of a greenish-yel-\\nlow the top of the head is bright yellow, freckled with\\nblack back and sides deep brown, with black freckles\\nlegs, feet, and tail black inside of the thighs of a pale\\nblue colour, thinly covered with whitish hairs and on\\neach side of the rump, close by the tail, is a large white\\nspot.\\nThe drawing and description were taken from the liv-\\ning animal, in the possession of Robert Hedley, Esq. of\\nNewcastle. It was remarkable gentle, tam.e, and fami-\\nliar and seemed to have some attachment to those with\\nwhom it was acquainted. Its length was eighteen inch-\\nes tail about two feet. It was fed with bread, roasted\\nmeat, and fruit of all kinds, of which it was particularly\\nfond.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0486.jp2"}, "485": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 4^9\\nAll the Baboons and Monkies we have yet described,\\nare furnished with cheek-pouches, capable of containing\\nfood sufficient to supply them for a day or two They\\nalso serve as receptacles for whatever they obtain more\\nthan supplies their present wants. But we have thought\\nit unnecessary to repeat this circumstance in the account\\nof every animal of those kinds.\\nTHE DOUC,\\nDiffers from other Monkies, in having no callosities on\\nits buttocks, which are entirely covered with hair it is\\nalso much larger, being nearly four feet high when erect.\\nIts face is short and rather flat, furnished on each side\\nwith long hairs of a pale yellow colour its body is\\nbeautifully variegated with differently coloured hair;\\nround the neck there is a collar of a bluish-purple co-\\nlour the top of the head and body are gray breast and\\nbelly yellow arms white below, and black above tail\\nwhite feet black face and ears red lips black and\\nround each eye there is a black ring. It is found in\\nCochin-China, and in the island of Madagascar where\\nit is called the Sifac.\\nM. Buffon places the Douc in the last class of those\\nanimals of the Monkey kind that belong to the old conti-\\nnent, and describes it as forming a shade between them\\nand the Monkies of America, which he distinguishes by\\nthe generic names ofSAPAjous and S a g o i n s They\\nboth of them differ from Monkies, in having neither\\ncheek-pouches nor callosities on their buttocks and they\\nare distinguished from each other by chiu acters peculiar\\nGg3", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0487.jp2"}, "486": {"fulltext": "470 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nto each. The Sapajou is furnished with a prehensile tail,\\nthe under part of which is generally covered with a\\nsmooth naked skin the animal can coil it up or extend\\nit at pleasure, suspend itself by its extremity on the\\nbranches of trees or use it as a hand to lay hold of any\\nthing it wants. The tails of all the Sagoins, on the con-\\ntrary, are longer than those of the Sapajous, straight,\\nflaccid J and entirely covered with hair. This difference\\nalone is sufficient to distinguish a Sapajou from a Sagoin.\\nWe nov/ proceed to the history and description of the\\nmost remarkable of this numerous race,\\nTHE PREACHER,\\n(Simla Beelzebub, hin.^\u00e2\u0080\u0094L Ouari?ie, Buff.)\\nIs the largest of all the American Monkies, being about\\nthe size of a large Fox. Its body is covered with long\\nsmooth hair, of a shining black colour, forming a kind of\\nruff round the animal s neck Its tail is long, and always\\ntwisted at the end.\\nGreat numbers of these Monkies inhabit the w^oods of\\nBrazil and Guinea and, from the noise they make, are\\ncailtd How li?2g Monkies, Several of them assemble toge-\\nther and, placing themselves in a kind of regular order,\\none of them begins first with a loud tone, which may be\\nheard to a great distance the rest soon join in a general\\nchorus, the most dissonant and tremendous that can be\\nconceived On a sudden they all stop except the first,\\nwho finishes singly and the assembly breaks up.\\nThese Monkies are said to be very fierce, and so wild\\nand mischevious, that they can neither be conquered nor", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0488.jp2"}, "487": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 471\\ntallied. They feed on fruits, grain, herbs, and some-\\ntimes insects; live in trees, and leap from bough to\\njbough with wonderful agility, catching hold with their\\nhands and tails as they throw themselves from on,e\\nbranch to another, and maintain themselves so firmly,\\nthat, even when shot, they reniain fixed? to the trees\\nwhere they die.\\nThe Hesh of the Preacher is good and is not only\\n^aten by the natives, but also by Europeans wlio frgqueni;\\nthose parts.\\nTHE CO A IT A,\\nIs somewhat less than the Preacher. Its face is naked\\nand red ears short its body and limbs are long and\\nslender hair black and rough tail long, and naked on\\nthe under side.\\nThis animal is found in the neighbourhood of Car-\\nthagena^ in Guiana, Brazil, and Peru. -\u00e2\u0080\u0094Great numbers\\nassociate together. They seldom appear on the ground,\\nBut Hv\u00e2\u0082\u00ac mostly in trees, and feed on fruits When these\\nare not to be had, they are said to eat fishes, worms, and\\ninsects are extremely dexterous in catching their prey,\\nand make great use of their tails in seizing it.\\nThe Coaitas are very lively and active. In passing\\nfrom one tree to another, they sometimes form a chain,\\nlinked to each other by their tails and swing in that\\nmanner till the lowest catches hold of a branch, and\\ndraws up the rest. When fruits are ripe, they are ge-\\ni^erally fat and their flesh is then said to be excellent.\\nThere ar^ many varieties of the Coaita, a\\\\ hich differ\\nG g 4", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0489.jp2"}, "488": {"fulltext": "47^ HISTORY OF OUADRUPEDS.\\nchiefly in colour. Some are totally black, others brown,\\nand some have white hair on the under parts of the body.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094They are called Spider Monkies by Edwai ds, on ac-\\ncount of the length and slenderness of their legs and tails.\\nM, BufFon supposes the Exc^uima to be another va-\\nriety of this species. It is nearly of the same size but\\nits colour is variegated. The hair on its back is black\\nand yellow; its throat and belly white. -Its manner of\\nliving is the same with that of the Coaita and it inha-\\nbits the same countries.^ Both kinds are remai kable in\\nhaving only four lingers on each hand, being quite desti-\\ntute of the thum.b.\\nTHE SJJOU, OR CAPUCIN,\\n(Simla Capvxina, Lin. Le Sai, Buff.)\\nTpiere are two varieties of this species, the Brown\\nand the Gray which, in other respects, are perfectly\\nsimilar. Their faces are of a flesh colour, thinly covered\\nwith down tails long, full of hair on the upper side,\\nnaked below, and prehensile hands black and naked\\nlength of the body about twelve inches.\\nThese animals inhabit Guiana, are extremely lively\\nand agile, and their constitution seems better adapted to\\nthe temperate climates of Europe than most of the Sapa-\\njoukind. M. Buffon mentions a few instances of their\\nhaving produced in France.\\nThe Sajou are very capricious in their attachments,\\nbeing fond of particular persons, and discovering the\\ngreatest aversion to dthers.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0490.jp2"}, "489": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 473\\nTHE fVEEPER,\\n(Simla Apella, Lin,)\\nInhabits Brazil is very mild, docile, and timid; of a\\ngrave and serious aspect has an appearance of weeping\\nand, when irritated, makes a plaintive noise. It is about\\nfourteen inches long the tail longer than the body hair\\non the back and sides of a deep brown colour, mixed\\nwith red on the lower parts. There is a variety with\\nwhite hair on the throat and breast.\\nGreat numbers of these creatures assemble together,\\nparticulai ly in stormy weather and make a great chat-\\ntering. They live much in trees, which bear a podded\\nfruit as large as beans, on which they principally feed.\\nTHE ORANGE MONKEY,\\n(Simla Sciiireay Lin. Le Saimiri, Buff.)\\nIs a most beautiful animal; but so extremely delicate,\\nthat it cannot well bear to be brought from its own cli-\\nmate to one less warm and temperate.\\nIt is about the size of a Squirrel Its head is round\\neyes remarkably lively and brilliant earslai gc hair on\\nthe body short and fine, of a shining gold colour feet\\norange its tail is very long Its prehensile faculty is\\nmuch weaker than the rest of the Sapajous and, on that\\naccount, it may be said to form a shade between them\\nand the Sagoins, which have long tails, entirely covered\\nwith hair, but of no use in suspending their bodies from\\nthe branches of trees.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0491.jp2"}, "490": {"fulltext": "474 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE FOX-r AILED MONKET.\\nSimla Pithecia, Lin.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Zt Saki, Buff.)\\nThe tail of this aiiimal, like that of the Fox, is cover-\\ned with long bushy hair. Its body is about seventeen\\ninches in length hair long, of a darkrbrown colour on\\nthe back, lighter on the under side its face is tawny^\\nand covered with a fine short whitish down the fore-\\nhead and sides of the face are white its hands and feet\\nare black, with claws instead of nails.\\nThe Saki is a native of Guiana, where it is called the\\nSaccazvinkee.\\nTHE GREAT EARED MONKET,\\n(Simla Midas, Lin. Le Tamarln^ Buff.)\\nIs about the size of a Squirrel Its face is naked, of a\\nswarthy flesh colour its upper lip somewhat divided its\\nears are veiy large and erect its hair is soft, shaggy,\\nand of a black colour; hands and feet covered with\\norange -coloured han-, very fine and smooth; its nails\\nlong and crooked tail black and twice the length of it^\\nbody\\nIt inhabits the hotter parts of South- America is a\\nlively, pleasant animal easily tamed but so delicate,\\n^mt it cannot bear a removal to a less temperate climate^", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0492.jp2"}, "491": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n47^\\nTHE STRIATED MOMKET.\\n(Simla lacchusy ]Jm,~LOuistiti, Buff.)\\nIs still smaller than the Greats eared Monkey, its head\\nand body not exceeding twelve inches in length Its tail\\nis long, bushy, and, like that of the Macau co, marked\\nwith alternate rings of black and ash colour its face is\\nnaked, of a swarthy flesh colour ears lai ge and like the\\nhuman body beautifully marked with dusky, ash-co^\\nloured, and reddish bai s its nails are sharp and its\\nfingers like those of a Squirrel.\\nIt inhabits Brazil; feeds on fruits, vegetables, insect\u00c2\u00a7^\\nand snails, and is fond of fish.\\nMr. Edwards gives a description of one of these ani-\\nmals, accompanied with an excellent figure. He says,\\nthat, one day being at liberty, it darted upon a small\\ngold-fish that was in a bason, which it killed and devour-\\ned with avidity; and that afterwards small eels were\\ngiven to it, of which it seemed at first afraid, from their", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0493.jp2"}, "492": {"fulltext": "47^ HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\ntwisting themselves round its neck but that it soon over-\\ncame ?did eat them. He likemse says that it produced\\n3^oung ones in Portugal, which at first were extremely\\nugly having hardly any hair on their bodies. They ad-\\nhered closely to the teats of the mother and, when\\ngrown a little larger,, fixed themselves upon her back,\\nfrom whence she could not easily disengage them, with-\\nout rubbing them off against a wall Upon these occa-\\nsions, the male always allowed them to mount upon his\\nback to relieve the female.\\nTHE SILKY MONKEY,\\n{Simla Rosalia, Lin. Le Marikina^ Bu^.)\\nIs bv some called the Lion- Ape, from the quantity of\\nliair vdiich surrounds its face, falling backwards like a\\nmane its tail is also somewhat bushy at the end Its\\nfcice is flat, and of a dull purple colour its hair long,\\nbris:lit, and silky it is of a pale yellow colour on the\\nbodv the hair rrjund the face of a bright bay, inclining\\nlo red its hands and feet are without hair, and of the\\nsame colour as the face its body is ten inches long, tail\\niliirteen.\\nThis creature is a native of Guiana, is very gentle and\\nlively, and seems to be more hardy than the other Sa-\\ng-oins. BuiFon says, tha.t one of them lived at Paris seve-\\nral years., Vvdth no other precaution than keeping it in a\\nwarm room during winter.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0494.jp2"}, "493": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 47T\\nTHE RED-TAILED MOJVKET,\\n(Simia Oedipus hin, Le Pwche^BuK)\\nIs somewhat larger than the Striated Monkey. It is re-\\nmarkable in having a great quantity of smooth white hair,\\nwhich falls down from the top of the head on each side,\\nforming a curious contrast with its face, which is black,\\nthinly covered with a line gray down Its eyes are black\\nand lively throat black hair on the back and shoulders\\nof a light reddish-brown colour breast, belly, and legs,\\nwhite the tail is long, of a red colour from the rump to\\nthe middle from thence to the end it is black.\\nIt inhabits the woods on the banks of the ri^ er A-\\nmazon is a lively, beautiful little animal has a soft\\nwhistling voice, resembling more the chirping of a bird\\nthan the cry of a quadruped. It frequently walks with\\nits long tail over its back.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0495.jp2"}, "494": {"fulltext": "47^ HISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS;\\nTHE MICO, OR FAIR MO JfKET,\\nIs the last that we shall describe of this numerous race,\\nand is the most beautiful of them all. Its head is small\\nand round face and ears of so lively a vermilion colour,\\nas to appear the effect of art its body is covered with\\nlong hair, of a bright silveiy whiteness, and uncommon\\nelegance tail long, end of a shining dark chestnut colour.\\nIt frequents the banks of the river Amazon, where\\nIt was discovered by M. Condamine, who preserved one\\n^live till almost within sight of the French coast but it\\ndied before his arrival.\\nWe have now laid before our readers a few of the\\nmost noted varieties of this numerous race Many others\\nmight likewise be added to swell the account but of\\nthese, little more is known than their name s and places\\nof habitation. There are, probably, still more, which\\nneither the assiduity of the naturalist, nor the curiosity of\\nthe traveller, have been able to draw from their native\\nwoods. Indeed, there is great room to conjecture, that\\nthe variations of the Monkev kind are somewhat like", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0496.jp2"}, "495": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 47,9\\nthose of the Dog, continually encreasing for it is very\\nobvious, that among the smaller kind of Monkies, the\\ncharacteristic diiFerences do not appear to be great, how-\\never they may vary in size or in colour and it is certain,\\nthat the modes of living, faculties, and propensities of\\nthese animals, are strikingly similar So that, if we rea-\\nson from analogy on that subject, we may fairly con-\\nclude, that different kinds of Monkies may unite and\\npropagate with the same facility as the Goat and the\\nsheep^ or the almost innumerable kinds of Dogs.\\nThe greater part of the cuts v/e have given of the Ba*\\nboons. Apes, and Monkies, v/e were fortunate in pro-\\ncuring from living objects, or drawings which might be\\ndepended on And it is to be lamented, that, amongst\\nthe numbers that have been published, so few should pos-\\nsess that peculiar character so observable in the various\\nmembers of this imitative tribe, v/hich is wholly im-\\npossible to trace from a stuffed skin, void of every kind of\\nexpression the muscular parts, which should convey the\\nidea of action, being generally ill supplied, or entirely\\nwanting.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0497.jp2"}, "496": {"fulltext": "480 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS,\\nTHE PORCUPINE.\\n(Histrix Cristata, Lin.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Ze Fore-epic^ Buff.)\\nThis animal, so formidable in its appeai ance, would\\nbe much more truly so, if it possessed the power, erro-\\nneously ascribed to it, of darting its quills at its enemies,\\nand wounding them at a distance.\\nThough denied the privilege of making offensive war,\\nit is sufficiently armed to resist the attacks of animals\\nmuch more powerful than itself. Upon the smallest irri-\\ntation, it raises its quills, and shakes them with great vio-\\nlence, directing them to that quarter from whence it is\\nin danger of being attacked, and striking at the object of\\nits resentment with its quills at the same time. We have\\nobserved, on an occasion of this sort, at a time when\\nthe animal was moulting or casting its quills, that they\\nwould Hy out, to the distance of a few yards, with such\\nforce, as to bend the points of them against the boai^d\\nwere they struck and it is not improbable, that a cir-\\ncumstance of this kind may have given rise to an opinion\\nof its power to use them in a more effectual manner.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0498.jp2"}, "497": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 48 1\\nThe largest of the quills are from ten to fifteen inches\\nin length, thick in the middle, and extremely sharp at\\nthe end Between the quills the hair is thin, black, and\\nbristly The tail is covered with white quills, which are\\nshort and transparent Its legs are short it has four\\ntoes before, and five behind.\\nThe Porcupine is found in India, Persia, and Pales-\\ntine It is likewise common in all parts of Africa. The\\nIndians hunt it for its quills, of which they make a kind\\nof embroidery They also eat its fiesh.\\nThere are Porcupines in a wild state in Spain and\\nItaly, though they are not originally natives of any part\\nof Europe. Their flesh is sometimes exposed in the mar-\\nkets at Rome, where it is eaten.\\nThe Italian Porcupines have shorter quills and a short-\\ner crest than those of Asia or Africa.\\nThe Porcupine is an inoffensive animal lives on\\nfruits, roots, and vegetables sleeps during the day, and\\nfeeds by night.\\nThe female goes with young seven months, and brings\\nforth one at a time. -The drawing of this animal was\\nmade from the life.\\nHh", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0499.jp2"}, "498": {"fulltext": "482\\nHISTORY OF SVADRUPEDS^\\nTHE BRAZILMJf- PORCUPIJTE,\\n(Histrix Preheiisilis, Lin.)\\nDiffers so greatly from the last, that it can scarcely be\\nsaid to bear any relation to it, except in its being cover-\\ned with spines about three inches in length They are\\nwhite, very sharp, and have a bar of black neaxthe\\npoints. The breast, belly, and lower part of the legs\\nare covered with strong bristly hairs of a brown colour,\\nIts tail is long and slender, and almost naked at the end i\\nThe animal uses it in descending trees, by twisting it\\nround the branches.\\nIt inhabits Mexico and Brazil, lives in woods,, and\\nfeeds on fruits and small birds. It preys by night, and\\nsleeps in the day. It makes a noise like the grunting of\\na Swine, and grows very fat. Its flesh is white, and\\nesteemed good to eat.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0500.jp2"}, "499": {"fulltext": "HIStORY OF QUADRUPEDS; 483\\nTHE CAM AD A PORCUPIJVE.\\n(Histrix DorsatUy Lin* UUrsoUy Buff.)\\nIt is found in Canada, and various parts of Nortlx-\\nAmerica as high as Hudson s Bay.\\nIts ears are short, and hid in the hair its head, body,\\nand upper part of its tail, are covered with long soft\\nhair, in which are interspersed a number of strong sharp\\nspines its tail is shorter than that of the preceeding spe-\\ncies, and it uses it in the same manner in descending\\ntrees, frequently suspending itself from the branches.\\nMany of the trading Indians, during their long excur-\\nsions, depend on this creature for a supply of food, and\\nesteem it both wholesome and pleasant They also make\\nuse of the quills to trim the edges of their deer-skin ha-\\nbits, so as to look like fringe and stick them in tlieir\\nnoses and ears to make holes for their rings.\\nHh2", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0501.jp2"}, "500": {"fulltext": "484 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE HEDGE-HOG OR URCHIN.\\n(Erinaceus Eiiropeus, Lin. Le Herisson, Buff.)\\nThis animal, destitute of every other means of defencCy\\nis provided by Nature with a spinous ai mour, which se-\\ncures it from the attacks of all the smaller beast of prey\\nsuch as Weasels, Martins, Polecats^ c. -When alarmed,\\nit immediately collects itself into the form of a ball, and\\npresents on all sides a surface covered with sharp points,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2\\\\vhich few animals are hai^dy enough to engage. The\\nmore it is harassed, the closer it roBs itself till its fears-\\nbecome an additional means of safety, by causing it to\\nvoid its urine, v/hich, running over its whole body, fre-\\nquently obligesits enemy to desist, disgusted by the smell.\\nThere aix few^ Does that will venture to attack the\\nHedge-hog, except such as are trained to the sport,\\nmerely to gratify the cruel pleasure of seeing a harmless\\nanimal endure with astonishing patience, the most wan-\\nton outrages v hilst, the Dogs^ becoming more enraged\\nat the wounds they receive from its prickles, at last\\noblige it to unfold itself, and it then soon falls a victim\\nto their furv. -This little animal has been so far do-", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0502.jp2"}, "501": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 465\\nmesticatcd, ss to learn to turn a spit by means of a small\\nwheel in which it was placed it likewise answered to\\nits name.\\nThe Hedge-hog generally resides in small thickets and\\nhedges lives on fruits, worms, beetles, and all kinds of\\ninsects conceals itself in the day, and feeds during the\\nnight. It is easily taken, for it neither fli\u00e2\u0082\u00acs nor attempts\\nto defend itself but, when touched, shrinks into its cir-\\ncular form, which it will not easily quit, unless thrown\\ninto water.\\nThe Hedge-hog, in the winter, wraps itself up in a\\nwarm nest, made of moss, dried grass, and leaves and\\nsleeps out the rigours of that season. It is frequently\\nfound so completely enriched with herbage on all sides,\\nthat it resembles a ball of dried leaves. When taken out\\nand placed before a fire, it soon recovers from its torpid\\nstate.\\nTHE TEMDRAC,\\nIs about the size of a Rat. The upper part of its body\\nis covered with spines, shorter and smaller than those of\\nthe Hedge-hog which it somewhat resembles, but does\\nnot roll itself up like that animal the rest of the body is\\ncovered with a kind of fine hard hair, of a whitish co-\\nHh3", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0503.jp2"}, "502": {"fulltext": "486 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nlour about the head and nose it has several long hairs,\\nlike whiskers.\\nAn animal similar to this is mentioned by M. Buffonp\\nunder the name of the Tanrec.\\nTHE TANREC,\\nTh I s animal is lai ger than the last, and has fewer bris-\\ntles They only occupy the top of the head, and along\\nthe back, as far as the shoulders The rest of the body\\nis covered with a bristly kind of hair, of a yellowish co-\\nlour, among which are intermixed some black hairs,\\nmuch longer than the other. Its nose is long, and its\\neai^s more apparent than those of the Tendrac.\\nBoth of them are natives of India. These make\\na grunting noise, and are fond of wallowing in mud, like\\nHogs They frequent the banks of rivers, can live a long\\ntime in the water, and are frequently caught in small in-\\nlets of the sea They dig holes in the ground, where\\nthey continue in a kind of torpid state for several months,\\nThey ai e generally very fat and the Indians eat their\\nflesh, though it is reckoned insipid and stringy.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0504.jp2"}, "503": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUAE^UPEDS. 4^7\\nTHE OTTER,\\n(MustelaLutray Lin.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 -Z^ Loutre, Buff.)\\nAlthough the Otter is not considered by naturalists\\nas wholly amphibious, it is nevertheless capable of re-\\nmaining a considerable time under water, and can pur-\\nsue and take its prey in that element with great facility.\\nIts legs are very short, but remarkably strong, broad,\\nand muscular on each foot are five toes, connected by\\nstrong membranes, like those of a Avater fowl its head is\\nbroad, of an oval form, and flat on the upper part the\\nbody is long and round, and the tail tapers to a point;\\nthe eyes are brilliant, and placed in such a manner, that\\nthe animal can see every object that is above it, which\\ngives it a singular aspect, very much resembling an eel or\\nan asp the ears are short, an^il their orifice niu-row.\\nThe fur of the Otter is of a dcep-browTi colour, ^vitk\\nHh4", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0505.jp2"}, "504": {"fulltext": "488 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\ntwo small light spots on each side of the nose, and ano-\\nther under the chin.\\nThis animal makes its nest in some retired \u00c2\u00abpot by the\\nside of a lake or river, under a bank, where it has an\\neasy and secure access to the water, to which it immedi-\\nately flies upon the least alarm and, as it swims with\\ngreat rapidity, frequently escapes from its pursuers.\\nIt destroys great quantities of fish and, in pursuit of\\nits prey, has been observed commonly to swim against\\nthe stream.\\nAs coon as the Otter has caught a fish, it immediately\\ndrags it to the shore devours a part as far as the vent\\nand, unless pressed by extreme hunger, always leaves the\\nremainder, and takes to the water in quest of more.\\nOtters are sometimes taken in traps placed near their\\nlanding places, where they are carefully concealed in the\\nsand.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 When hunted with Dogs, the old ones defend\\nthemselves v\\\\^ith great obstinacy They bite severely, and\\ndo not readily quit their hold where they have once fas-\\ntened. An old Otter will never give up while it has\\nlife nor make the least complaint, though wounded\\never so much by the Dogs, nor even when transfixed\\nwidi a speai\\nThere ai^e many instances of Otters being tamed but\\nin those which have come to our knowledge, they were\\ntaken when young accustomed by degrees to obedience\\nand restraint, tlie}^ became so far domesticated, as to fol-\\nlow their master, ansv^er to a name, and employ their\\nexcellent talents^at fishinp; in his service.\\nOtters, when taken young, may be easily reared and\\nmade tame. We have seen two young ones sucking a", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0506.jp2"}, "505": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 489\\nBitch and treated by her with as much tenderness as her\\nown offspring.\\nWilhamCollins, of Kimmerston, nearWhooler, had a\\ntame Otter, which followed him wherever he went. He\\nfrequently carried it to fish in the river and when sati-\\nated it never failed returning to its master. One day,\\nin the absence of Collins, being taken oat by his son to\\nfish, instead of returning as usual, it refused to come at\\nthe accustomed call, and was lost. The father tried eve-\\nry means to recover it and after several days search, be-\\ning near the place where his son had lost it, and calling\\nit by its name, to his inexpressible joy, it came creeping\\nto his feet, and shewed many genuine marks of affection\\nand firm attachment. Its food, exclusive offith, consist-\\ned chiefly of milk and hasty-pudding.\\nSome years ago, James Campbell, near Inverness, had\\na young Otter, v/hich he brought up and tamed. It\\nwould follow him wherever he chose and, if called on\\nby its name w^ould immediately obey. When apprehen-\\nsive of danger from Dogs, it sought the protection of its\\nmaster and would endeavour to ily into his aims for\\ngreater security. It was frequently employed in catching-\\nfish, and would sometimes take eight or ten salmon in a\\nday. If not prevented, it always made an attempt to\\nbreak the fish behind the fin next the tail As soon as\\none was taken away, it immediately dived in pursuit of\\nmore. When tired, it would refuse to fish any longer\\nand was then rewarded with so much fish as it could de-\\nvour. Being satisfied with eating, it curled itself\\nround, and fell asleep in \\\\Ahich state it was generally\\ncarried home. The same Otter fished as well in he sea\\nas iii a river, and took great numbers of codlings and", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0507.jp2"}, "506": {"fulltext": "4.90 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nOther fish. Its food was generally fresh fish, and some-\\ntimes milk.\\nAnother person, who kept a tame Otter, suffered it to\\nfollow him with his Dogs. It was very useful to him in\\nfishing by going into the water, and driving trouts and\\nother fish towards the net. It was remarkable, that the\\nDogs, though accustomed to the sport, were so far from\\ngiving it the smallest molestation, that they would not\\neven hunt an Otter whilst it remained with them on\\nwhich account the owner was under the necessity of dis-\\nposing of it.\\nNotwithstanding the Otter s avidity for fish, it will not\\neat it, unless it be perfectly fresh. When that cannot be\\nprocured, it is fed with milk, or pudding made of oat-\\nmeal, c.\\nOtters are found in most parts of the world, with no\\ngreat variation. They are common in Guiana, and fre-\\nquent the rivers and mai shes of the country. They are\\nsometimes seen in great numbers together; and are so\\nfierce, that it is dangerous to come near them. They\\nlive in holes, which they make in the banks of the rivers.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0508.jp2"}, "507": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS,\\n491\\nTHE SEA-OTTER.\\n(Mustela Liitris, Lin.)\\nVast nuAibers of these animals inhabit the coasts of\\nKamschatka, and the numerous islands contiguous to it\\nas well as the opposite coasts of America They are also\\nfound in some of the larger rivers of South- America.\\nTheir skins are of great value, cmd have long formed a\\nconsiderable article of export from Russia. They disposje\\nof them to the Chinese at the rate of seventy or a hun-\\ndred rubles each, and receive in return some of their\\nmost valuable commodities.\\nThe fur of the Sea-Otter is thick and long, of a beau-\\ntiful shining black colour, but sometimes of a silvery\\nhue; the legs are thick and short the toes joined by a\\nweb the hind feet like those of a Seal length, from\\nnose to tail, four feet two inches tail thirteen, flat, and\\npointed at the end. The largest of them weigh from se-\\nventy to eighty pounds.\\nThe Sea-Otter is remarkably hai*mless, and most aflfee-", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0509.jp2"}, "508": {"fulltext": "492 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\ntionately fond of its young It will pine to death for its\\nloss, and die on the very spot where it has been taken\\naway. Before its young can swim, it will carry it in its\\npaws, and support it in the water, lying upon its back.\\nIt swims in various positions on its back, sides, and\\neven in perpendicular posture and in the water is very\\nsportive. Two of them are sometimes seen embracing\\neach other. It frequents shallow places, abounding with\\nsea- weed; and feeds on lobsters, crabs, arid other shell-\\nfish.\\nIt breeds but once a year, and produces one young at\\na time, which it suckles and carefully attends almost a\\nyear.\\nThe flesh of a young Otter is reckoned delicate eating,\\nand not easily distinguished from that of a lamb.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0510.jp2"}, "509": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 495\\nTHE SLOTH]\\n{Bra (fy pus, Tridactj/lia, h\\\\n,\u00e2\u0080\u0094L^Ji\\\\ Buff.)\\nOf ail animals, is the most sluggish and inactive and,\\nif we were to judge from outward appearance, would\\nseem the most helpless and wretched. All its motions\\nseem to be the effect of the most painful exertion, vvhicb\\nhunger alone is capable of exciting.\\nIt lives chieiiy in trees and having ascended one witlv\\ninfinite labour and difficulty, it remains there till it lias\\nentirely stripped it of all its verdure, sparing neither fmit\\nblossom, nor leaf; after which it is said to devour even\\nthe bark. Being unable to descend, it throws itself on\\nthe eround, and continues at the bottom of the tree till\\nhunger again compels it to rav^w its toils in search of\\nsubsistence.\\nIts motions are accompanied with a most piteous and\\nlamentable cry, which terrifies e% en beasts of prey, raid\\nproves its best defence.\\nThough slow, aukward, and almost incapable of mo-\\ntion, the Sloth is strong, remarkably tenacious of life,\\nand capable of enduring a long abstinence from food.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0511.jp2"}, "510": {"fulltext": "494 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nWe are told of one that, having fastened itself by its feet\\nto a pole, remained in that situation forty days without\\nthe least sustenance. The strength of its legs and feet is\\nso great, that having seized any thing, it is almost im-\\nposible to oblige it to quit its hold. The same animal\\nlaid hold of a Dog that was let loose upon it, and held\\nhim fast with its feet till he perished with hunger.\\nThere are two kinds of Sloths, which are principally\\ndistinguished by the number of their claws. The one,\\ncalled the Ai, is about the size of a Fox, and has three\\nlong claws on each foot Its legs are clumsy, and auk-\\nwardly placed and the fore legs being longer than the\\nhind, add greatly to the difficulty of its progressive mo-\\ntion Its whole body is covered with a rough coat of\\nlong hair, of a lightish-brown colour, mixed with white,\\nnot unlike that of a Badger and has a black line down\\nthe middle of the back Its face is naked, and of a dirty\\nwhite colour tail short eyes small, black, and heavy.\\nIt is found only in South- America.\\nThe Un AU has only two claws on each foot t Its head\\nis short and round, somewhat like that of a Monkey; its\\nears are short and it lias no tail. It is found in South-\\nAmerica, and also in the island of Ceylon.\\nThe flesh of both kinds are eaten. They have several\\nstomachs, and are said to belong to the tribe of rumi-\\nnating animals.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0512.jp2"}, "511": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF gUADRUPEDI^.\\n495\\nTHE AMT-EATER,\\n(Myj^mecopliga Jiihata^ Lin. Le Tamanoir, Buff. J\\nThere ar\u00e2\u0082\u00ac several animals distinguished by the com-\\nmon name of Ant-eaters, which differ greatly in form*\\n-\u00e2\u0080\u0094They are divided into three classes viz. the Great,\\nthe Middle, and the Lesser Ant-eater.\\nThe Great Ant-eater is nearly four feet in length\\nexclusive of its tail, which is two and a half. It is re-\\nmarkable for the great length of its snout, which is of a\\ncylindrical form, and serves as a sheath to its long and\\nslender tongue, which always lies folded double in its\\nmouth, and is the chief instrument by which it finds sub^\\nsistence.\\nThis creature is a native of Brazil and Guiana, mils,\\nslowly, frecjuently swims over rivers, lives wholly o\\\\\\\\\\nants, which it collects by thrusting its tongue into their\\nholes, and having penetrated every part of the nest, vith-\\ndraws it into its mouth loaded with prey.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0513.jp2"}, "512": {"fulltext": "49^ HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nIts legs ai e so strong, that fev\u00c2\u00bb^ animals can extricate\\nthemselves from its gripe. It is said to be formidable\\neven to the Panthers of America and sometimes fixes it-\\nself upon them in such a manner, that both of them fall\\nand perish togedier for its obstinacy is so great, that it\\nwill not extricate itself from its adversary even after he is\\ndea.d.\\nThe flesh has a strong disagreeable taste, but is eaten\\nby the Indians.\\nThe Middle Ant-eater is one foot seven inches\\nfrom nose to tail. It inhabits the same countries, and\\nprocures its food in the same manner as the last: Its\\ntail is ten inches long, with which it secures its hold in\\nciim_bing trees by twisting it round the branches.\\nBoth these animals have four strong claws on the fore\\nfeet, and five on the hind.\\nThe Lesser Ant-eater has a shai^ -pointed nose\\ninclining a little dowTiward Its ears are small, and hid\\nin the fur It has two strong hooked claws on the fore\\nfeet, the outward one being much the largest and four\\non the hind feet: Its fur is long, soft, and silky, of a\\n3^ellowish-bro^vn colour Its length, from nose to tail, is\\nseven inches and a half; tail above eight, thick at the\\n])ase, and taper to the end. It inhabits Guiana; climbs\\ntrees inquest of a species of ants which build their nests\\namong the branches.\\nAnimals of this kind are found in Ceylon and the\\nCape of Good Hope. Kolben describes the latter as\\nhaving long heads and tongues that they feed on ants\\nand are so strong, that if they fasten their claws in the\\nground, they cannot easily be pulled away. It is called\\nin Ceylon the Talgol, or Ant-Bcar.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0514.jp2"}, "513": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n497\\nTHE GREAT MAJ/IS.\\n(Manis Pentadactyla, Lin. Le Pmigolltii BufF.)\\nThis singular animal is defended by a coat of mail,\\nwhich protects it from the attacks of the most powerful\\nanimals. All the upper parts of its body are closely co-\\nvered with scales of different sizes, which it can erect at\\npleasure, opposing to its adversary a formidable row of\\noffensive weapons. The Tiger, the Panther, or the Leo-\\npard in vain attempt to force it. The moment it per-\\nceives the approach of an enemy, it rolls itself up like a\\nHedge-hog, and by that means secures all the weaker\\nparts of its body.\\nIt is a native of the Indian isles, and is likewise said to\\nbe found in Guinea.\\nIt is slow in its motions grows to the length of eight\\nfeet, including its tail, which is four.\\nIts flesh is much esteemed for its delicacy but it is\\ndifficult to procure, as the animal avoids mankind, and\\nlives in obscure retreats, in woods, and marshv places.\\nTi", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0515.jp2"}, "514": {"fulltext": "49^ HISTORY OF gUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE LONG-TAILED MANIS,\\n{Manis Tetradactyla, Lin. Le Phaiagin, Buff.)\\nIs less than the last, being no more than a foot long\\nfrom head to tail. Its body is covered with sharp -point-\\ned scales its throat and belly with hair Its legs are\\nshort and each foot has four claws. It is remarkable\\nfor the great length of its tail, which in some is above a\\nyard long.\\nIt is a native of Guinea, has been sometimes called the\\nScaly Lizard, and may be said to be the connecting\\nlink in the chain of being between quadrupeds and rep-\\ntiles.\\nTHE ARMADILLO,\\nIs found only in South America, where there are several\\nvarieties of them. They are all covered with a strong\\ncrust or shell, and are distinguished from each other by\\nthe number of the llexibie bands of which it is composed.\\nIt is a harmless, inoffensive animal feeds on roots,\\nfruits, and other vegetables grows very fat and is\\ngreatl)^ esteemed for the delicacy of its flesh.\\nThe Indians hunt it v/ith small Dogs, trained for that\\npurpose. When surprised, it runs to its hole, or at-\\ntempts to make a new one, which it does with great\\nexpedition, having strong claws on its two fore feet, with\\nwhich it adheres so firmly to the ground, that, if it\\nshould be caught by the tail whilst making its way into\\nthe earth, its resistance is so great, that it will sometimes\\nleave it in thQ hands of its pursuers To avoid this, the-", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0516.jp2"}, "515": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 499\\nhunter has recourse to artifice and, by tickling it with\\na stick, it gives up its hold, and suffers itself to be taken\\nalive. If no other means of escape be left, it rolls itself\\nup within its covering by drawing in its head and legs,\\nand bringing its tail round them as a band to connect\\nthem more forcibly together in this situation it some-\\ntimes escapes by rolling itself over the edge of a preci-\\npice, and generally falls to the bottom unhurt.\\nThe most successful m.ethod of catching Armadillos is\\nby snares laid for them by the sides of rivers or other\\nplaces where they frequent. They all burrow very deep\\nin the ground, and seldom stir out, except during the\\nnight, whilst they are in search of food.\\nTo give a minute description of the shells or coverings\\nof the Armadillos would be extremely difficult, as they\\nare all composed of a number of parts, differing greatly\\nfrom each other in the order and disposition of the fi-\\ngures with which they are distinguished But it may be\\nnecessary to observe, that in general there are two large\\npieces that cover the shoulders and the rump, between\\nwhich lie the bands, which are more or less in number\\nin different kinds. These bands are not unlike those in\\nthe tail of a lobster and, being flexible, give way to the\\nmotions of the animal. -^The first we shall mention is\\nTHE THREE-BANDED ARMADILLO.\\n(Dasypus Tridncius, Lin. LApaVy Buff.)\\nIts shell is about twelve inches long, with three bands\\nin the middle The crust on the head, back, and rump,\\nIi2", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0517.jp2"}, "516": {"fulltext": "500 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDST.\\nis divided into a number of elegant raised figures, witit\\nfive angles or sides Its tail is not more than two inches^\\nlong It has neither cutting nor canine teeth and has\\nfive toes on each foot.\\nTHE SIX-BANDED ARMADILLO,\\n(DaspusSexcinchiS:, Lin. LEncoubert, BuiF.)\\nIs about the size of a young Pig. Between the folds of\\nthe bands there are a few scattered hairs Its tail is long,\\nthick at the base, and tapers to a point.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 It is fouiwl m\\nBrazil and Guiana.\\nTHE EIGHT-BANDED ARMADILLO,\\nfLe Tatueite, BuW,)\\nis furnished with eight bands. Its ears are long and up-\\nright eyes small and black It has four toes on the fore\\nfeet, and five on the hind Its length from nose to tail\\nis about ten inches the tail nine. It inhabits Bra-\\nzil and is reckoned more delicious eating than the others^", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0518.jp2"}, "517": {"fulltext": "IJISTOKY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n.|Ol\\nTHE MIME-BAMDED JR31ADILL0,\\n{Dasypus Novcmcindus, Lin. Le Cachichame, Buff.)\\nHa s a tenth band, moveable half way up on each side\\n^riie shell on the shoulders and rump is mai ked with hex-\\nangular figures the breast and belly are covered with\\nlong hairs its tail is long and taper and the whole ani-\\nmal three feet in length.\\nOne of this kind was brought to England a few years\\nago from the Musquito shore, an4 lived some time. It\\nwas fed with raw beef and milk, but refused to eat our\\nfruits and grain.\\nI 6", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0519.jp2"}, "518": {"fulltext": "502 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\na^ y ^NSKi^\\nTHE KABASSOU,\\nIs furnished with twelve bands, and is the largest of all\\nthe Armadillos, being almost three feet long from nose\\nto tail The figures on the shoulders are of an oblong\\nform those on the rump hexangular. It is seldom\\neaten.\\nTHE WEASEL-HEADED ARMADILLO,\\nfDasypus Unicinctiis^ Lin. Le Cirquingon, Buff.)\\nSo called from the form of its head, which is slender,\\nhas eighteen bands from its shoulder to its tail the\\nshell is m?a ked vv- ith square figures on the shoulders\\nthose on the legs and thighs are roundish The body is\\nabout fifteen inches long tail fixve.\\nAll these animals have the power of drawing them-\\nselves up under their shells, either for the purpose of re^\\npose or safety. They are furnished with strong lateral\\nmuscles, consisting of numberless fibres, crossing each\\nother in the form of an X, with which they contract\\nthemseh/es so povverfully, that the strongest man is\\nscarcely able to force them open. The shells of the\\nlarger Armadillos are much stronger than those of the\\nsmaller kinds Their fiesh is likewise hai^der, and more\\nunfit tQv the table.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0520.jp2"}, "519": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nm$\\nTHE WALRUS, OR SEA-HORSE.\\n{Trichechus Rosmarus, lAn.\u00e2\u0080\u0094Le Morse, B\\nnil.\\nThere arc several animals whose residence is almost\\nconstantly in the water, and which seem to partake grcat-\\niy of the nature of fishes, that are nevertheless classed by\\nnaturalists under the denorainaticn of quadrupeds and\\nbeing perfectly amphibious, living with equal ease in the\\nwater as on land, may be considered as the last step in\\nthe scale of Nature, by which we are conducted from one\\ngreat division of the animal world to the other,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 -Of\\nthese the Walrus is the most considerable for its size,\\nbeing sometimes found eighteen feet in length, and\\ntwelve in circumference at the tliickest pail It is like-\\nwise remarkable for two large tusks in the upper jaw,\\nwhich sometimes exceed two feet in kngth, and Nveigh\\nfrom three to twenty pounds eacho*^\\nThe head of the Walrus is round its lips very broad^\\nand covered over ^vlt^\\\\ thick pellucid bristles; its eyei:\\nThese tusks are of a substance eiifB.cier.tly har(^ to s-r-iV ??r\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2with a steel, A, E.\\nI i d", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0521.jp2"}, "520": {"fulltext": "504f HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nsmall and red instead of ears, it has two small orifices\\nand above the whiskers, semicircular nostrils, through\\nwhich it throws out water like the whale, but with much\\nless noise Its skin is thick and wrinkled, and has a thin\\ncovering of short brownish hair Its legs are short It\\nhas five toes on each foot, connected by membranes\\nand on each toe a small nail The hind feet are very-\\nbroad, and extended nearly on a line with the body.\\nThe Walrus is chiefly found in the northern seas.\\nGreat herds of them are sometimes seen together on the\\nsea shore, or sleeping on an island of ice. When alarm-\\ned, they instantly throw themselves into the water with\\ngreat precipitation. If wounded, they become bold and\\nfurious, and unite in the defence of each other They\\nwill attack a boat, and endeavour to sink it by striking\\ntheir great teeth into its sides, at the same time bellowing\\nin a most hideous manner.\\nIt is hunted for its teeth, which are equal to those of\\nthe Elephant for durability and whiteness.\\nAn ordinary Walrus is said to yield half a ton of oil,\\nequal in goodness to that of a whaJe.\\nThe female produces one or two young at a time,\\nwhich she suckles upon land.\\nIn climbing upon the ice, the Walrus makes use of its\\nteeth as hooks to secure its hold, and draw its great un-\\nwieldly body after it. It feeds on sea- weeds and shell-\\nfish, which it is said to disengage from the rocks to which\\nthey adhere with its tusks.\\nThe White Bear is its greatest enemy. In the com-\\nbats between these animals, the Walrus is said to be ge-\\nnerally victorious, on account of the desperate wounds it\\ninflicts with its teeth.\\n^\u00c2\u00abi", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0522.jp2"}, "521": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 505\\nTHE SEAL,\\n(Phoca Vitulina, Lin. Le P/ioque, BuiF.)\\nIs found, with some variety, in almost every quarter of\\nthe globe In the northern seas of Asia, Europe, and\\nAmerica as well as the less frequented regions towards\\nthe south pole.\\nIts usual length is from five to six feet. The body is\\nclosely covered with short hair of various colours, smooth\\nand shining its tongue is forked at the end it has two\\ncanine teeth in each jaw, six cutting teeth in the upper,\\nand four in the lower it has five toes on each foot, fur-\\nnished with strong sharp claws, which enable it to climb\\nthe rocks, on which it frequently basks.\\nIt swims with great strength and swiftness, is very\\nplayful, and sports without fear about ships and boats.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nIt feeds on various kinds of fish, and is frequently seen\\njiear the shore in pursuit of its prey.\\nSeals are found in great abundance on the coasts of\\nGreat-Britain particularly in the deep recesses and ca-\\nverns in the northern parts of the Island, where they re-\\nsort in the breeding time, and continue till tlie youn^-\\nones are old enough to go to sea.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0523.jp2"}, "522": {"fulltext": "505 HISTORY OF gUADPi.UPEl S.\\nThe time for taking Seals is in the month of October,\\nor the beginning of November, The hunters provided\\nwith torches and bludgeons, enter the mouths of the ca-\\nverns about midnight, and row in as far as they can\\nThey then land and, being properly stationed, begin by\\nmaking a great noise, which alarms the Seals, and brings\\nthem dovvii from all parts of the cavern in a confused bo-^\\ndy, making frightful shrieks and cries. In this hazard-\\nous employments, great care is necessary on the part of\\nthe hunters to avoid the throng, which presses down with\\ngreat impetuosity, and bears away every thing that op-\\nposes its progress but when the first crowd is past, they\\nkill great numbers of young ones, which generally strag-\\ngle behind, by striking them on the nose.\\nA young Seal yields above eight gallons of oil. When\\nfull grown, their skins are very valuable, and make a\\nbeautiful kind of leather, much used in making shoes,\\nc.\\nThe flesh of the Seal is sometimes eaten and that it\\nwas formerly admitted to the tables of the great, may be\\nseen in the bill-of-fare of a sumptuous entertainment\\ngiven b}- archbishop Nevil in the reign of Edward the\\nFourth.\\nThe growth of Seals is so amazingly rapid, that after\\n,Hme tides from their birth they are as active as the old\\nones.\\nThe female brink s forth her younj^ on the land, sits on\\nher hind legs while she suckles them, and as soon as they\\nlire able, carries them to sea, and learns them to swim and\\nsearch for food When they become fatigued, she places\\nthem on her back. -The young ones know the voice of\\ntheir mother, and attend to her c-alL", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0524.jp2"}, "523": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 507\\nThe voice of the Seal has been compared to the hoarse\\nbarking of a Dog when young, it is clearer, and resem-\\nbles the mewing of a Cat.\\nSeals are likewise found in the Mediterranean and Cas-\\npian seas, in the lake Baikal, and some of the lai^ger\\nlakes. These are smaller than the salt-water Seals but\\nso fat, that they seem almost sliapeless.\\nTHE HOODED SEAL,\\nIs found in the south of Greenland, and is distinguished\\nby a thick fol(|i on its forehead, with which it can cover\\nits ey^s and jrtose. Its hair is vv hite, v\\\\^ith a thick coat of\\nblack woolly hair underneath, which makes it appear of\\na fine gray colour. The hunters say that it is not easily\\nkilled, till the covering on its head is removed.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0525.jp2"}, "524": {"fulltext": "^o8\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS,\\nTHE URSIJ^E SEAL, OR SEA-BEAR,\\n(Flwca Ursina, Lin. UOurs Marin, Buff.)\\nIs much lai ger than the common Seal, being eight feet\\nin length, and weighing eight hundred pounds.\\nThese animals are found among the islands whith lie\\nbetween Kamschatka and America also on the co^tsts of\\nNew Zealand, Staten Island, New Georgia, and^ Falk-\\nland s islands. They lie in thousands on th^ shore, in\\nseparate families, each consisting of above an hundred.\\nOne male will sometimes have fifty females, which he\\nguards with extreme jealousy. They are excessively fat\\nand indolent, sometimes even scarcely moving from the\\nplace where they lie for the space of three months\\nduring vv^hich time the females breed and suckle their\\nyoung. If another approach their station, they are rous-\\n45d from their supineness A battle ensues, which fre-", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0526.jp2"}, "525": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 509\\nquently becomes general, and spreads confusion through\\nthe whole shore. These conflicts are extremely violent\\nand the wounds given are very deep, resembling a cut\\nwith a sabre.\\nThe attachment of the male to the young is very-\\nstrong He defends them with great obstinacy, and fre-\\nquently revenges their loss upon the female, whom he\\nbeats most cruelly; whilst she crawls to his feet, and\\nseems to deprecate his wrath with the most obsequious\\ngestures.\\nThe female generally brings forth one, seldom two, at\\na time.\\nThey swim with great ease, at the rate of about sevea\\nmiles in an hour.- When wounded, they will seize on a\\nboat, carry it along with them, and sometimes sink it.\\nThey can continue a long time under water. In climb-\\ning rocks, they fasten their fore paws, and draw them-\\nselves up.\\nThese, and all the Seal kind, will live a long time\\nafter receiving the most dreadful wounds but the most\\ntrifling blow on the snout or forehead instantly kills\\nthem.\\nThe general colour of these animals is black. They\\nare covered with a coat of long rough hair, under w^hich\\nis a soft down of a bay colour. On the neck of the old\\nones, the hair is erect, and a little longer than the rest.\\nThe fat and flesh of the old males are very nauseous\\nbut that of the females and the young, when roasted, arc-\\nsaid to be as good as the flesh of a sucking Pig.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0527.jp2"}, "526": {"fulltext": "510 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE BAT.\\nTh I s singular animal is distinguished from every other\\nquadruped by being furnished with wings, and seems to\\npossess a middle nature between four-footed animals and\\nbirds It is allied to the one by the faculty of flying on-\\nly, to the other both by its external and internal struc-\\nture in each respect it has the appearance of an imper-\\nfect animal. In walkings its feet seem to be entangled\\nwith its wings, and it drags its body on the ground with\\nextreme aukwardness. Its motions in the air do not\\nseem to be performed with ease it raises itself from the\\nground with difficulty, and its flight is laboured and ill\\ndirected from whence it has very significantly been cal-\\nled the Flitter-Mouse. There are several varieties\\n\u00c2\u00a9f the Bat kind.\\nTHE SHORT-EARED BAT,\\nVesper illio Id itrinus:, Lin. Le cJiaiive Souris, Buff.)\\nIs found in almost every part of Europe, and is most\\ncommonly known in Great-Britain. Its usual length is\\n.about tv/o inches and a half; the extent of the winge\\nh-ine inches*", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0528.jp2"}, "527": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS^ 511\\nIt makes its first appearance early in the summer. It\\nsleeps during the day, and begins its flight in the dusk of\\nthe evening. It frequents the sides of woods, glades^\\nand shady walks and is frequently observed to skim a-\\nlong the surface of the water in quest of gnats and other\\ninsects, which are its principal food.\\nIts membranes or wings ai e of a dusky colour, and ve-\\nry thin they extend from the fore feet to the tail The\\nhind feet are divided into five toes, furnished with claws\\nthe body is covered v/ith a short soft fur, of a mouse\\ncolour, tinged with red the eyes are very small and\\nthe ears like those of a Mouse it has four cutting teeth\\nin the upper jaw, and six in the under.\\nThe female produces two young at a time, which she\\nsuckles at her breast and is said to carry them when fly-\\ning.\\nTowards the end of summer, the Bat retires into\\ncaves, old buildings, or hollow trees where it remains\\nin a state of inactivity. During winter, some cover\\nthemselves with their wings as with a mantle, and sus-\\npend themselves by the hind feet others stick fast to old\\nisalls and some retire into holes.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0529.jp2"}, "528": {"fulltext": "Sl\u00c2\u00ab HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE LOJSTG-EARED BAT,\\n(Vespertilio Aurltus, Lin. UOreUlar, Buff.)\\nIs only an inch and three quarters in length the extent\\nof its wings is seven inches i its ears are above an inch\\nlong, ver}^ thin, and almost transparent within each of\\nthem there is a membrane, resembling an ear, which\\nmay possibly ser^^e as a valve to defend the organs of\\nhearing during its inactive state,\\nTHE GREAT BAT,\\n(La Nodule, BuiF.)\\nIs found in Great-Britain, but is not so common as the\\ntwo last mentioned It is likewise found in France, and\\nis common in various paits of Russia.\\nIts length is nearly three inches that of the tail one\\nand seven-tenths the extent of the wings thirteen inch-\\nes the ears are short, the hair of a reddish-ash coloui^j\\nand on the chin there is a verv small wart.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0530.jp2"}, "529": {"fulltext": "filSTORY OF QUADRUPEDS; \u00c2\u00a315\\nTHE PIPISTRELLE,\\nIs the smallest, and its appearance the least disgusting,\\nof all Bats. Its length is not quite one inch and a quar-\\nter the extent of its wings six and a half its nose is\\nsmallj ears bfoad, and its forehead covered with long\\nhairs the upper part of the body is of a yellowish-brown\\ncolour, the lower part dusky, and the lips yellow. It in-\\nhabits France, and is common in Russia and Siberia.;\\nTHE BARBASTELLE,\\nIs distinguished by the shortness of its face, almost con-\\ncealed by its large broad ears, the bases of which touch\\neach other, and cover the forehead and eyes Its cheeks\\nare full, and its lips hairy its nose is very short, and the\\nend of it flat. Its length is about two inches the extent\\nof the wings ten and a half.- It is found in France*\\nTHE SEROTINE^\\nIs about the size of the common Bat its nose is some-\\nwhat longer its ears are short, and broad at the base\\nthe hair on the upper part of the body is of a light brown\\nor rust colour, and the belly paler. It is likewise found\\nin France.\\nTHE HORSESHOE BAT,\\nIs distinguished by a membrane surrounding its nose and\\nupper lip somewhat in the form of a horse-shoe from\\nwhence it derives its name. Its eai s are long, verv broad\\nKk", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0531.jp2"}, "530": {"fulltext": "r^l HISTORY OF (QUADRUPEDS.\\nat the base, and are not furnished with a smaller or m-^\\ntenia! ear, common to almost all the Bat kind The up-\\nper part of the body is of an ash colour, the belly whi-\\ntish. They vary in size the largest are above three\\ninches and a half long from the nose to the end of the\\ntail the extent of the wings is above fourteen.\\nThis kind is very common in France, and is the last of\\nseven distinct species described by M. BulFon as natives\\nof that country. These are all equally harmless, diminu-\\ntive, and obscure; shunning the light, and endeavouring\\nto conceal themselves in holes and caverns. They never\\ncome out, but during the night, in quest of food and\\nreturn at day-break to their dreary habitations. But un-\\nder the influence of a warmer climate, the Bat assumes\\na very different character, and possesses powers, which\\nrender it formidable to mankind, and a scourge to those\\ncountries v\u00c2\u00bb here it is found. Some of them ai e as large\\nas a well-grown pullet and so numerous, that they fre-\\nquently darken the air as they fly. They are fond of\\nblood, and will attack men whom they find asleep they\\nare said to introduce their sharp-pointed tongues into a\\nvein, sucking the blood till they ai^e satiated, without\\nawakening the sufferer.\\nThe ancients had an imperfect knowledge of these\\nanimals and from their aptness to convert every object\\nof terror into an imaginary being, it is probable they had\\nconceived the idea of Harpies, from the cruelty, voracity^\\nand disgusting deformity of these creatures.\\nThese monsters inhabit Madagascar, and all the islands\\nof the Indian Ocean They have likewise been found in\\nNew- Holland, the Friendly Isles, the New Hebrides, and\\nNew-Caledonia.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0532.jp2"}, "531": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS^.\\n$1$\\nTHE TERMATE BAT,\\nVesper tilio Vawpynis^ Lin. La BonssettCyl^wW.)\\nIs above one foot in length, aiitd the extent of its wings\\nmore than four It has large canine teeth, four cutting\\nteeth above, and the same below its tongue is pointed,\\nand terminated with sharp-pointed papillae, or prickles\\nits nose is sharp, and its ears large and naked it has\\nfive toes on the hind feet, furnished with strong hooked\\nclaws it has no tail the head is of a dark rust colour\\nthe back dusky the neck, shoulders, and under side, of\\na lightish -brown, inclining to red the membranes of the\\nwings dusky.\\nKk2", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0533.jp2"}, "532": {"fulltext": "SI 6 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nThey feed on fruits, and are extremely fond of the\\njuice of the palm-tree, with which they will frequently\\nintoxicate themselves, so as to drop on the ground. One\\nhundred and fifty or two hundred of them may some-\\ntimes be seen on the same tree, all hanging with their\\nheads down, and their wings folded and in this manner\\nthey repose during great pail of the day. They grow ve-\\nry fat at certain times of the year and when young,\\nthey are eaten by the Indians, and considered as excel-\\nlent food\\nTHE mUGETTE, OR LESSER TERNATE BAT,\\nInhabits the same countries, and is very similar to the\\nlast in the shape of its head and body The hair is of a\\ncinereous brown colour and on the neck it has a half-\\ncollar, of a lively red, mixed with orange. It is about\\nfive inches long and the extent of its wings little more\\nthan two feet.\\nThe Rougettes lly in flocks, and perfectly obscure the\\nair with their numbers. They fly from one island to\\nanother, and begin their flight about sun- set. During\\nthe day, they lodge in the hollow trunks of trees. The}^\\nlive chiefly in trees and when about to fly, they beat\\nthe air with their wings, before they can disengage them-\\nselves from the branch to vvhich they are attached.-^\\nWhen shot or suddenly surprised, several of them fall\\nto the ground and in that situation are incapa.ble of re-\\nsuming their flight, till tliey climb upon some elevated\\nobject. They move aukwardly on the ground, and use\\ntheir utmost efforts to quit it as soon as possible.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Both\\nthese kinds bring only one young at a time once a year.-", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0534.jp2"}, "533": {"fulltext": "HiSTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 51 7\\nTHE SPECTRE BAT\\n(Vespertilio Spectrum^ hin.-^Le Vampire, Buff.)\\nIts nose is long; and at the end there is a membrane,\\nof a conical form, somcAvhat like a horn, but flexile,\\nwhich gives it a hideous and disgusting aspect. It has\\nno tail. Its body is covered with long hair, of an ash\\ncolour. r^ It is found in Surinam. Stedman, in his ac-\\ncount of that colony; particularly describes it, and says\\nthat it is fond of human blood.\\nTHE SENEGAL BAT,\\nHas two cutting teeth in the upper, and six in the under\\njaw and two canine teeth, and eight grinders, in each\\njaw Its head is long, ears short and pointed, head and\\nbody of a tawny-brovm colour, belly lighter, length ra-\\nther more than four inches, extent of the wings twenty-\\none. It is found m Senegal.\\n7 HE BULL DOG BAT.\\nIts nose is thick lips large, and somewhat pendulous\\nits ears are broad and round, the edges touching each\\nother in the front the upper part of the body is of a\\ndeep ash colour, the lower paler its tail long length\\nabout two inches extent of the wings nine and a half:\\nIt has twenty-six teeth two cutting and two canine in\\neach jaw eight grinders in the upper, and ten in tlic\\nlower jaw, It inhabits the WcstJndics.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0535.jp2"}, "534": {"fulltext": "51 8 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE BEARDED BAT.\\nThe nostrils of this animal are not separated by a car-\\ntilage, as in most animals, but are placed on the side of a\\nsmall gutter or furrow, which is open from one end to\\nthe other the ears are long and narrow the upper part\\nof the head and body is of a reddish-brown colour, the\\nlower part whitish, tinged with yellov/ hair on the fore-\\nhead and under the chin very long; length of the body\\nabout an inch and a half, extent of the wings little\\nmore than seven.\\nTHE STRIPED BAT,\\n(Vespertilio Spasina, Lin.)\\nHas a small, short nose ears short, broad, and pointing\\nforward.-\u00e2\u0080\u0094 These Bats vary in colour. The body is ge^\\nneraliy of a clear brown, the under part whitish Its\\nwings are striped with black, and sometimes v/ith yellow\\nand brown. Length of the body two inches. It is a\\nnative of Ceylon, where it is called Kirkvoula.\\nTo this we may add a very minute kind, mentioned by\\nMr. Forster, w^hich was seen and heard in myriads on the\\nisland of Tanna, one of the New Hebrides but every\\nattempt of our voyagers to obtain a nearer inspection of\\nthem failed of success.\\nBats differ very much in the number and disposition of\\ntheir teeth, which has occasioned no small confusion in\\nthe arrangem^ents of systematic writers some of them\\nbeing furnished with two, others Vvdth m.ore, cutting\\nteeth in each jaw.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0536.jp2"}, "535": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 51.9\\nWe have now given the most distinguished varieties of\\nthis curious species. It would be fruitless, if not impos-\\nsible, to point out all the peculiarities to be found in the\\nvarious tribes which abound in every country in the\\nworld, and differ from each o her more in their habits\\nand dispositions than in their exterior form and appear-\\nance, which in all of them seem to be equally deformed\\nand disgusting. But we should not from hence conclude\\nthat imperfection and deformity are always in uniform\\nanalogy with the notions we have preconceived of v\u00c2\u00bb hat\\nis fair and beautiful. Amidst the infinite productions of\\nCreative Power, variety of form, difference of faculties,\\nand degrees of utility, are eminently observable comi-\\nposing one general plan, in ^vhich v/isdom, order, and\\nfitness, are displayed through all its parts.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0537.jp2"}, "536": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0538.jp2"}, "537": {"fulltext": "9i^pmUx.\\nTHE figures and descriptions of two very rare ani.\\nmals, were sent to the Literary and Philosophical Society\\nof Newcastle upon Tyne, from New South Wales, by\\nJames Hunter, Esq. Governor of that settlement.\\nThe one appeal s to be of the Opossum genus, of\\nwhich the most unquestionable proof is, that it has a\\nfalse belly or pouch, for the reception of its young after\\ntheir protrusion from the uterus common to every ani-\\nmal of that kind.\\nThe other seems to be an animal sui generis it ap-\\npears to possess a threefold nature, that of a fish, a bird,\\nand a quadruped, and is related to nothing that we have\\nhitherto seen No attempt will now be made to arrange\\nit by any of the usual modes of classification, but the de-\\nscription of these curious animals will be given as they\\nwere transmitted to the abovementioned society.\\nThere are several American animals, of which the pub-\\nlishers have thought proper to make mention in the\\nAppendix to this work. They add to its value and en-\\nlarge the subject of Zoological enquiry.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0539.jp2"}, "538": {"fulltext": "522 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nM\\nTHE WO MB AC H.\\nSydney^ Nevj^SoiithTVales^ August 5, 1798,\\nThis animal was found upon an island on the coast\\nof New South Wales, in latitude 40\u00c2\u00b0 36 S. where con-\\nsiderable numbers vv ere caught by the company of a ship\\n\u00c2\u00a5/hich had been wrecked there on her voyage from Ben-\\ngal to Port Jackson.\\nI received this animal alive, by a vessel v/hichi had\\nsent to the relief of the sufferers It w^as exceedingly\\nweak vrhen it arrived, as it had, during its confinement\\non board, refused every kind of sustenance, except a\\nsmall quantity of boiled rice, which was forced down its\\nthroat. I had it frequently taken out of the box in\\nVv^hich it was kept, that it mi ?ht receive the benefit of\\nthe \\\\varmth of the sun, which, however, it did not seem\\nto enjoy; but whenever it could shelter itself under a\\nshrub, there it vould continue and sleep. It refuses\\nCYQiV kind of food on shore as it had done on board, bit\\nwe could see it sometimes nibble a little of the rootsof\\nrushes or grass It grew weaker every day, was cxcc-d-\\ningly harmJess, and v/ould allow any person to cary it\\nabout. After having lived, with scarcely any l. of\\nfood, for six weeks, it died; and its intestines anc brain", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0540.jp2"}, "539": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 52S\\nhaving been taken out, I preserved the body in spirits,\\nfor the inspection of the learned members of the Literary\\nand Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne.\\nIt is about the size of a Badger, a species of which\\nwe supposed it to be, from its dexterity in burrowing in\\nthe earth, by means of its fore paws but on watching\\nits general motions, it appeared to have much of the ha-\\nbits and manner of a Bear.\\nIts head is large; the forehead, above the eyes, is\\nparticularly broad, from Vvdiich it tapers to the nose,\\nw^hich is a hard grisly substance, and seems well adapted\\nfor removing the earth when it burrows It has tv/o\\ncutting teeth in each jaw, long and sharp like those of a\\nKanguroo, with a space of about an inch between them\\nand the grinders, which are strong and well set From\\nthe structure of its teeth, it does not appear to be a car-\\nnivorous animal Its eyes are small a3id black; its eai s\\nshort and pointed its pav/s are something like those of a\\nBeaver Its weight appeared to be about forty pounds.\\nIt runs aukwarcliy, in the manner of a Bear, so that a\\nman could easily overtake it. There is something un-\\ncommon in the form of its hinder parts its posteriors\\ndo not round off like those of most other animals, but\\nfall suddenly down in a sloping direction, com.mencing at\\nthe hip joint, and descending to the knee joint of the\\nhind legs from this joint to the toe it appears to tread\\nfiat upon the ground its tail is so short, as hardly to be\\ndiscovered Its colour is that of a cream-coloured brown,\\nintermixed with black hairs. This animal has lately\\nbeen discovered to bean inhabitant of the interior of this\\ncountry also. Its flesh is delicate meat. This one is a", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0541.jp2"}, "540": {"fulltext": "524 HISTORY OF gUADRUPEBS.\\nfemale, and has the false belly* for the security of its\\nyoung. The mountain natives call it Wornbach.^^\\nIt is a remarkable circumstance, that the few animals hitherto\\nfound in the newly discovered countries in the South Seas, should\\nall be distinguished by the pouch or false belly, though in other\\nrespects they differ from each other both inform and manner.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0542.jp2"}, "541": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nS2.\\nTHE HAMSTER OF GEORGIA.\\nA specimen of this animal was forwarded to Dr. Mit-\\ncliill by President Meigs, of the University of Georgia^\\nin 1801. It burrows in the pine land, and is found in\\ngreat numbers in the tract between Savannah and Augus-\\nta. Its body is of the length and thickness of a large\\ncommon Rat, and of the same colour the head between\\nthat of a Rat and a Mole, with small whiskers and a\\nshort snout the fore feet are som.ewhrit like those of a\\nMole, with nails near an inch long. The hind feet like\\nthose of a Rat each foot has live claws the tail is not\\nnear so long as a Rat s and is without hair the eyes\\nare very sparkling the ears short teeth like those of\\na Squirrel and full as long there are pouches in the\\ncheeks externally, one on each side these he fills with\\nprovision, and each will hold a large table-spoon full\\nis rather clumsy but remarkably fierce, soon eats his\\nway out of any wooden place of confinement lives on\\nsweet potatoes and other roots, and is often injurious to\\nfarmers by getting under their stacks he is so shy and\\nwild that it is difficuh to kill or even get a sight of him.\\nThis creature differs materially from any species of tlie\\nHamster, or Mus Cjicetus of Europe. For further\\nparticulars see Mr. Milledge s account, in the 5th vol..\\nof the Medical Repository, p. BD.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0543.jp2"}, "542": {"fulltext": "526 HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE WILD SHEEP OF CALIFORNIA.\\nA fme dried preparation of this Quadruped was\\nbrought to New- York in 1802, by Mr. M Gillivray, who\\nkilled it in latitude 50, north. This was examined by\\nDr. Mitchill during the short time it remained in Mr.\\nSavage s Pvluseum. It has been called by some the Cal-\\nifornian Deer, but the form of the horns cleai^ly place it\\namong the The body though smaller is almost\\nlike that of the American Elk, described by Dr. E. H.\\nSmith, in Medical Repository, vol. 2, p. 168, but the\\nneck and head have a near resemblance to those of the\\nRam the body is not covered with wool, but is hairy\\nwith somewhat of fur within. These creatures were ob-\\nserved by the Jesuit Missionaries to California as long\\nago as the year 1697. They are of several varieties and\\ncolours, and are reckoned excellent and dainty food.\\nThere is a figure of one in Venegas s History of Califor- i\\nnia, which being incorrect, we have thought it worth the\\nwhile to give a new one delineated from nature. We\\nhave not heard of any of them to the eastwaixl of the Mis-\\nsissippi. It is an innocent herbivorous animal, and\\nwhen full grown the large male is about twelve hands\\nhigh, the female con- jiderably smaller.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0544.jp2"}, "543": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\n5^7\\nAM AMPHIBIOUS ANIMAL,\\nIs found in the fresh water lakes, which is about the\\nsize of a small Cat, it chiefly frequents the banks of the\\nlakes its bill is very similar to that of a duck, and it\\nprobably feeds in muddy places in the same way its\\neyes are very small it has four short legs the fore legs\\nare shorter than those of the hind, and their webs spread\\nconsiderably beyond the claw s, which enables it to swim\\nw^ith great ease the hind legs are also webbed, and the\\nclaws are long and sharp. They are frequently seen on\\nthe surface of the water, where they blow like a turtle\\nTheir tail is thick, short and very fat.\\nThe natives say they sometimes see them of a very-\\nlarge size.", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0545.jp2"}, "544": {"fulltext": "5^S\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nTHE MAMMOTH OF MEW-TORK.\\nWe give a figure of the entire skeleton of this huge\\ninhabitant of the American Continent, as dug up in\\nOrange county on the west side of the Hudson, about\\nseventy miles north of the city of New- York. The first\\npubhc mention of these enormous fossil bones was made\\nby Sylvanus Miller, Esq. in a letter to Dr. Mitchill,\\nwhich was followed by another from J. G. Graliam.\\nBoth these gentlemen were natives of the place where\\nthey Vv ere found, and knew all the particulars of the ad-\\njacent Region. The bones are dug up in swampy spots,\\nwhere they lie buried in the calcai-eous earth of Shell-\\nMarie. Mr. Peale, of Philadelphia, has since succeeded\\nin raising two skeletons, which with some supplemen-\\ntary parts, are now entire. They give a grand idea of\\nthis enormous beast, which from his wory tusks, his short\\nneck, and his Vv ant of cutting teeth in both jaws, is evi-\\ndently an Elephant, though probably of a species not\\ndescribed in any of the books, nor known to have been\\never seen alive. For particuiai s see Medical Repository^\\nvol. 4, p. 211.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0546.jp2"}, "545": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 529\\nDIMENSIONS OF THE SKELETON.\\nHeight over the shoulders\\nLength from the chin to the rump\\nFrom the end of the tusks to the end of the tail\\nWidth of the hips and body\\nLength of the under jaw\\nWeight of the same GS^lbs,\\nLength of the thigh bone\\nSmallest circumference of the same\\nLength of the large bone of the fore leg\\nLargest circumference of the same\\nSmallest do, do.\\nCircumference round the elbow\\nLength of the tusks, defences or horns\\nCircumference of one tooth\\nWeight of the same 41b. lOoz.\\nThe whole skeleton weighs about lOOOlbs*\\nFeet. Inches,\\n11\\n15\\n31\\n5\\n8\\n3\\n1\\n3\\n7\\n1\\n6\\n2\\n9\\n3\\n21\\n1\\n5\\n3\\n8\\n10\\n7\\n1\\nH\\nL", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0547.jp2"}, "546": {"fulltext": "530\\nHISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS.\\nG E\\nTHE VIVIPAROUS SHARK\\nOF LONG ISLAND.\\nThe annexed figure exhibits a curious instance of an\\nanimal, neither wholly ovipai ous as birds are, nor yet en-\\ntirely viviparous like Quadrupeds It is the young of a\\nspecies of Shark, caught and dissected by Dr. Mitchill.\\nThe figure is taken by permission from the 1st. volume\\nof the Monthly Magazine and American Review, p. 323\\nto which we refer for the particulars at large. And on\\nclosing our account of Quadi upeds, we deemed it a for-\\ntunate circumstance to be able to shew by a plate and dis-\\nsection, how nearly that class of animals borders upon\\nfishes and birds, in the production of their young. The\\npeculiai ity of this Shark is, that though it brings forth\\nits voung alive like land animals, the young are at the\\nsame time connected each with an ovum or egg, after\\nthe manner of Birds. And neither the young nor the egg\\nhave any manner of connection with the dam or parent\\nAnimal. This singular structure of the foetus probably\\nperv^ades the whole tribe of the Sharks and Dogs-fishes.", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0548.jp2"}, "547": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF QUADRUPEDS. 531\\nA. The Ovum, with its exterior membrane dissected off.\\nB. The internal tube or du6l extending from the egg to a\\nsac or reservoir of nutriment, within the body of the fish.\\nC. The sac alluded to in B, of considerable size, and oc-\\ncupying a good deal of room in the abdomen: it was filled\\nwith a pulpy or soft matter, evidently derived from the ovum,\\nand apparently a little more elaborated, and prepared for\\nnutrition, by some concoctive operation in the sac itself.\\nD. The stomach, as yet not distended; of course exceed-\\ningly small having never been filled with food derived from\\nthe mouth. In the plate will be seen a small passage or open-\\ning.\\nE. through which the alimentary matter in the sac, C,\\npasses into the stomach, to be absorbed afterwards by the\\nlacteals of the intestines.\\nF. The CEsophagus, of nearly the same size with the\\nstomach.\\nG. G. The two lobes of the liver.\\nH. The Cloaca, or gut stretching towards the anus, and\\nfilled with the refuse matter of the alimentary mass.\\nI. The external membrane connecting the egg with the\\nfish, cut through and turned back.\\n12388", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0549.jp2"}, "548": {"fulltext": "LBJe 21\\n1^", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0550.jp2"}, "549": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0551.jp2"}, "550": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0552.jp2"}, "551": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0553.jp2"}, "552": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3965", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0554.jp2"}, "553": {"fulltext": ",0^\\n.^y\\n^o^\\nG^\\nA\\no ,s^^", "height": "3931", "width": "2186", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0555.jp2"}, "554": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4106", "width": "2417", "jp2-path": "generalhistoryo00bewi_0556.jp2"}}