{"1": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0096\u00a01\\nm\\ni", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "^.iiJEi^J\\nC^i zyf nJo^ C^ E^ZiJ^y", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "ROZIER S HISTORY\\nOF THB\\nEARLY SETTLEMENT\\nOF THE\\nMISSISSIPPI VALLEY.\\nBY FIRM IN A. ROZIEB.\\nST. LOUIS,\\nG. A. PIERROT SON, PRINTERS.\\n1890.", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0005.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "COPYHIGHTED BY\\nGEN. FIRMIN A. ROZIER\\nALL RIGHTS RESERVED\\nF", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0006.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "PUBLISHER S PREFACE.\\nBiography of Firmin A. Rozier.\\nSenator Firmin A. Rozier was born in the town of\\nSte. Genevieve, July 31st, 1820, the year and the month\\nin which the State governmennt was organized. He is\\nof French parentage, and is an honorable relic of the\\nold French population of Missouri. His father was in\\nthe French navy, and came to America with Audubon,\\nthe famous naturalist, settling first in Philadelphia and\\nafterwards in Kentucky, whence he removed to Ste.\\nGenevieve at an early day. Between 181 1 and 1820\\nhis father was engaged in merchandizing at Ste. Gene-\\nvieve, and made six trips to Philadelphia on horseback.\\nAt the present day a single trip of that kind and length\\nis considered sufficient to immortalize a man.\\nHe was educated at St. Mary s College, Perry county,\\nMissouri, then the oldest and leading college in the\\nState, but long since removed to Cape Girardeau. At\\nthat time Louisiana and other Southern States sent\\nlarge delegations of students to St. Mary s. At the age\\nof 17 young Rozier left school and became clerk on the\\nsteamer Vandalia, Capt. Small commanding, plying\\nbetween St. Louis and New Orleans. After a time he\\nabandoned steamboating and returned to school. In\\n1 841 he engaged in commercial business in St. Louis,\\nand felt the pressure of the great financial crisis. He\\nthen entered the law office of Bogy Hunton. Thence\\nhe went to Bardstown, Kentucky, to complete his clas-", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0007.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "sical course, and from there to the Transylvania Law\\nSchool, at Lexington, Kentucky, where he graduated in\\n1848, when such men as Chief Justice Robertson, Judge\\nMarshall and Judge Wooley were professors. Two\\nyears previous to this, however, he had conceived a\\nlove for the pomp and circumstances of glorious war,\\nand through the influence of Thomas H. Benton, had\\nbeen appointed captain of the South Missouri Guards,\\na compan) numbering 115 picked men. With his\\ncompany he started to join Fremont s expedition to\\nCalifornia, and proceeded as far as Fort Leavenworth,\\nwhere the severity of the winter detained them and pre-\\nvented their venturing upon the plains, and they were\\neventually mustered out. Subsequently Capt. Rozier\\nwas appointed Major General of the militia of South-\\neast Missouri, and served for four years. He is there-\\nfore entitled justly entitled to the title of General, by\\nwhich he is best known. This closes his military\\ncareer.\\nIn 1850 Senator Rozier was a candidate for Congress,\\nhis opponents being John F. Darby and Judge Bowlin,\\nwho was then Representative. Although he went out\\nof St. Louis with a handsome majority, he was beaten\\nby Darby by a few votes in the district. At that time\\nhe represented the Benton side of the political issues of\\nthe day. In 185 1 he was elected Mayor of Ste. Gene-\\nvieve, when that city virtually controlled the mineral\\ntrade of Southeast Missouri. In 1854 he established\\nat his native town an academy for the education of\\nboys, in which he took a great interest for many years.\\nIn 1856 he was elected a member of the Legislature and\\nserved ably for two years. In 1858 he was elect-d Pre-\\nsident of the branch bank of the Merchants Bank of\\nSt. Louis, located at Ste. Genevieve. In 1872 he was", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0008.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "7-\\nelected State Senator, without opposition, and has since\\nbeen chairman of the Committee on Minjs and Mining,\\na position for which he is admirably qualified by rea-\\nson of his extensive mining operations in St. Francois,\\nJefferson, and other counties in Southeast Missouri. By\\nhis activity and influence he obtained a large amount\\nfrom the Missouri Legislature, for the prosecution of\\nthe State geological survey.\\nTo go back a little, in 1845 Senator Rozier was a\\ndelegate to the Southwest Convention, at Memphis, of\\nwhich John C. Calhoun was president, and made a re-\\nport, accompanied by a topographical map of the sub-\\nmerged lands of South Missouri, which was approved\\nby the Convention and attracted much attention.\\nSenator Rozier as An Orator.\\nJust before a vote was taken in the Senate on the\\ntransfer of the effects of the State Geological Board to\\nthe Rolla School ot Mines, Senator Rozier took occa-\\nsion to make one of the most practical, sensible, and in-\\nteresting speeches of his life. He is a man to begin with\\nwho at all times and under all circumstances is a hatc^r\\nof shams and humbugs. The economy that saves at\\nthe spigot and loses at the bung-hole gets neither soft\\nnor complimentary words from his vocabulary. He is\\nrigidly honest in everything and as a consequence he is\\nrigidly just. His speech was against the destruction of\\nthe Geological Board and it was a master-piece of logic\\nand informati(Mi. He told what geology had done for\\nMissouri; he pictured the desolate, uncultivated and\\nunsaleable lands until it revealed to the world the secret\\nof the precious metals hid beneath their soil; he traced\\nstep by step the entire progress of mineral development", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0009.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "8\\nfrom the first rude drift to the immense foundries and\\nrolHng-mills, smelting-works and blast furnaces now\\nthick at Carondelet and increasing annually he gave\\nby decades, beginning with 1850, the increase in tax-\\nable wealth, in population, in public improvements of aU\\nkinds, and he made such an application of his facts and\\nfigures that if the Senators who heard the speech had\\nbeen but half as liberal as the people who are interested\\nand who pay two-thirds of the entire taxes of the State,\\nthey would have increased the usefulness and working\\nfacilities of the Geological Board, instead of destroying\\nboth and absolutely. However, a better, a truer, a\\nmore eloquent, and a more praiseworthy fight against\\nlarge odds no man ever made than Firmin A. Rozier.\\nThe position he took, too, was eminently characteristic\\nof the man, being lofty, unassailable, and full of a thor-\\nough knowledge of the subject, and any amount of\\nMissouri common-sense.\\nSenator Rozier always had an historical taste, and\\nhis intercourse with the pioneers of the country, has\\ngiven him good opportunities to study their habits\\nand history, while this work which he presents to the\\npublic is founded on the records of our courts, and the\\nearly writers of the history of the early settlement of\\nthe Great West.", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0010.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "9\\nPART I\\nTHE FRENCH DOMINION IN NORTH\\nAMERICA. HOW ACQUIRED\\nAND LOST.\\nMy purpose is to speak of the glorious deeds\\nof the noble sons of France in North America,\\nin their explorations of the basin of the St. Law-\\nrence River, the great western lakes, and the\\noccupancy of the valley of the magnificent Father\\nof Waters. As early as 1504 the French sea-\\nmen from Brittany and Normandy visited the fish-\\neries of Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. These\\nbold and daring men traversed the ocean, through\\nthe dangers of ice and storms, to pursue the oc-\\ncupation of fishery, an enterprise which to-day\\nhas developed into one of gigantic magnitude.\\nFrance not long after this commissioned James\\nCartier, a distinguished mariner, to explore Amer-\\nica. In 1535, in pursuance of his orders, he\\nplanted the Lilies of France on the shores ot\\nthe New World, on the banks of the St. Law-\\nrence. He was followed by other adventurous\\nspirits, and among them the immortal Samuel\\nChamplain, a man of great enterprise, who found-\\ned Quebec in 1608. Champlain ascended the", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0011.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "lO\\nSorel explored Champlain Lake, which bears his\\nname to-day. He afterwards penetrated the for-\\nests, and found his grave on the bleak shores of\\nLake Huron.\\nHe was unsurpassed for bravery, indefatigable\\nin industry, and was one of the leading spirits in\\nexplorations and discoveries in the New World.\\nIn the van of explorations on this continent\\nwere found the courageous and pious Catholic\\nmissionaries, meeting dangers and death with a\\ncrucifix upon their breasts, breviary in hand, whilst\\nchanting their matins and vespers, along the shores\\nof our majestic rivers, great lakes and unbroken\\nforests. Their course was marked through the\\ntrackless wilderness by the carving of their em-\\nblems of faith upon the roadway, amidst perils\\nand dangers, without food but pounded maize,\\nsleeping in the woods without shelter, their couch\\nbeing the ground and rock. Their beacon light,\\nthe cross, which was marked upon the oak of the\\nforest in their pathway.\\nAfter these missionaries had selected their sta-\\ntions of worship, the French hunters, coureurs\\ndes bois, voyagers and traders, opened their\\ntraffic with the savages. France, when conve-\\nnient and expedient, erected a chain of forts\\nalong the rivers and lakes, in defense of Christi-\\nanity and commerce.", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0012.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "li\\nFrench Missionaries.\\nFrance, from 1608, acquired on this continent\\na territory extensive enough to create a great\\nempire. It was at that time untrod by the foot\\nof the white man, and inhabited by roving tribes\\nof the red man. As early as 161 5, we find Father\\nLe Carron, a Cathohc priest, in the forests of\\nCanada, exploring the country for the purpose of\\nconvertingf the savag-es to the Christian religion.\\nThe following year he is seen on foot traversing\\nthe forests among the Mohawks, and reaching\\nthe rivers of the Otteways. He was followed by\\nother missionaries along the basin of the St. Law-\\nrence and Kennebeck rivers, where some men\\nmet their fate in frail barks, whilst others perished\\nin the storms of the dreadful wilderness.\\nIn 1635 we find Father Jean Brebeuf, Dan-\\niels and Gabriel Lallemand leaving Quebec with\\na few Huron braves to explore Lake Huron, to\\nestablish chapels along its banks, from which\\nsprang the villages of St. Joseph, St. Ignatius,\\nand St. Louis. To reach these places it was\\nnecessary to follow the Ottawa river through a\\ndangerous and devious way to avoid the Mohawks,\\nOneidas, Cayugas, Senecas and Iroquois, forming\\na confederacy as the Five Nations, occupying a\\nterritory then known as the New York colony,\\nwho were continually at war with the Hurons, a\\ntribe of Indians inhabiting Lake Huron territory.", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0013.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "12\\nSisters of Charity.\\nAs early as 1639 three Sisters of Charity from\\nFrance arrived at Quebec, dressed in plain black\\ngowns with snowy white collars, whilst to their\\ngirdle hung the rosary. They proceeded to the\\nchapel, led by the Governor of Canada, accompa-\\nnied by braves and warriors, to chant the Te\\nDeum. These holy and pious women, moved by\\nreligious zeal, immediately established the Ursu-\\nline convent for the education of girls. In addi-\\ntion to this the king of France and nobility of\\nParis endowed a seminary in Quebec for the\\neducation of all classes of persons. A public\\nhospital was built by the generous duchess of\\nD Aiguillon, with the aid of Cardinal Richelieu,\\nfor the unfortunate emigrants, for the savages of\\nall tribes, and afflicted of all classes. A mission-\\nary station was established as early as 1641, at\\nMontreal, under a rude tent, from which has\\ngrown the large city of to-day, with its magnifi-\\ncent cathedral and churches, its massive business\\nhouses, and its commerce.\\nFestival of the Dead.\\nThe tribes of Huron Lake and neighboring\\nsavages, in 1641, met on the banks of the Iro-\\nquois Bay to celebrate the Festival of the Dead.\\nThe bones and ashes of the dead had been gath-", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0014.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "Indians watching the Approach of Cartier s Fleet.", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0015.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0016.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "13-\\nered in coffins of bark, whilst wrapped in mag-\\nnificent furs, to be given an affectionate sepulchre.\\nAt this singular festival of the savages the chiefs\\nand braves of different tribes chanted their low,\\nmournful songs, day and night, amidst the wails\\nand qroans of their women and children. Durine\\nthis festival appeared the pious missionaries, in\\ncassocks, with beads to their girdle, sympathizing\\nwith the red men in their devotion to the dead,\\nwhilst scattering their medals, pictures of our\\nSavior and blessed and beautiful beads, which\\ntouched and won the hearts of the sons of the\\nforest. What a beautiful spectacle to behold,\\nover the grave of the fierce warriors, idolatry\\nfading before the Son of God. Father Charles\\nRaymbault and the indomitable Isaac Joques in\\n1 64 1 left Canada to explore the country as far as\\nLake Superior. They reached the Falls of St.\\nMary s and established a station at Sault-Ste.-\\nMarie, where were assembled many warriors and\\nbraves from the great West, to see and hear these\\ntwo apostles of religion and to behold the cross\\nof Christianity. These two missionaries invoked\\nthem to worship the true God. The savages\\nwere struck with the emblem of the cross and its\\nteachings, and exclaimed, We embrace you as\\nbrothers come and dwell in our cabins.\\nWhen Father Joques and his party were re-\\nturning from the Falls of St. Mary s to Quebec\\nthey were attacked by the Mohawks, who massa-\\ncred the chief and his braves, who accompanied", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0017.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "H\\nhim, whilst they held Father Joques in captivity,\\nshowering upon him a great many indignities,\\ncompelling him to run the gaundet through their\\nvillage. Father Brussini at the same time was\\nbeaten, mutilated, and made to walk barefooted\\nthrough thorns and briars and then scourged by\\na whole village. However, by some miraculous\\nway the) were rescued by the generous Dutch of\\nNew York, and both afterwards returned to\\nFrance. Father Joques again returned to Que-\\nbec, and was sent as an envoy amongst the Five\\nNations. Contrary to the savage laws of hos-\\npitality, he was ill-treated, and then killed as an\\nenchanter, his head hung upon the skirts of the\\nvillage and his body thrown into the Mohawk\\nriver. Such was the fate of this courageous and\\npious man, leaving a monument of martyrdom\\nmore enduring than the pyramids of Egypt.\\nA Memorable Convention.\\nThe year 1645 is memorable, owing to a con-\\ngress held by France and the Five Nations,\\nat the Three Rivers, in Canada. There the\\ndaring chiefs and warriors and the gallant officers\\nof France met at the great council-fires. After\\nthe war-dance and numerous ceremonies the hos-\\ntile parties smoked the calumet of peace. The\\nIroquois said Let the clouds be dispersed and\\nthe sun shine on all the land between us. The\\nMohawks exclaimed We have thrown the", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0018.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "15\\nhatchet so high into the air and beyond the earth\\nthat no man on earth can reach to bring- it down.\\nThe French shall sleep on our softest blankets,\\nby the warm fire that shall be kept blazing all\\nnight. Notwithstanding the eloquent and fer-\\nvent language and appearance of peace, it was of\\nbut short duration, for soon the cabin of the white\\nman was in flames, and the foot-print of blood\\nwas seen alone the St. Lawrence, and once more\\na bloody war broke out, which was disastrous to\\nFrance, as the Five Nations returned to the alle-\\ngiance of the English colonies.\\nThe village of St. Joseph, near Huron Lake,\\non the 4th of July, 1648, whilst her warriors were\\nabsent, was sacked and its people murdered by\\nthe Mohawks. Father Daniel, who officiated\\nthere, whilst endeavoring to protect the children,\\nwomen and old men, was fatally wounded by\\nnumerous arrows and killed. Thus fell this mar-\\ntyr in the cause of religion and progress.\\nThe next year the villages of St. Ignatius and\\nSt Louis were attacked by the Iroquois. The\\nvillage of St. Ignatius was destroyed and its in-\\nhabitants massacred. The village of St. Louis\\nshared the same fate. At the latter place Fathers\\nBrebeuf and Lallemand were made prisoners,\\ntied to a tree, stripped of their clothes, mutil-\\nated, burnt with fagots and rosin bark and then\\nscalped. They perished in the name of France\\nand Christianity.\\nFather de la Ribourde, who had been the com-", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0019.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "i6-\\npanlon of La Salle on the Griffin and who offi-\\nciated at Fort Creve-Coeur, 111., whilst returning\\nto Lake Michigan, was lost in the wilderness.\\nAfterwards it was learned he had been mur-\\ndered in cold blood by three young warriors, who\\ncarried his prayer-book and scalp as a trophy up\\nnorth of Lake Superior, which afterwards fell into\\nthe hands of the missionaries. Thus died this\\nmartyr of religion, whose head had become\\nbleached with seventy winters, after ten years\\ndevotion in the cabins of the savages. Such was\\nalso the fate of the pious Father Rine Mesnard,\\non his mission to the southern shore of Lake Su-\\nperior, where in after years his cassock and bre-\\nviary were kept as amulets among the Sioux.\\nDespite these atrocities, the noble missionaries\\nnever retraced their steps, and new troops pressed\\nforward to take their places. They still con\\ntinued to explore our vast country. The history\\nof their labors, self-sacrifice and devotion is con-\\nnected with the origin of every village or noted\\nplace in the North and great West.\\nFrance ordered by Colbert, its great minister,\\nthat an invitation be given to all tribes west for a\\ngeneral congress. This remarkable council was\\nheld in May, 1671, at the Falls of St. Mary s.\\nThere were found the chiefs and braves of many\\nnations of the West, decorated in their brightest\\nfeathers and furs, while the French officers glis-\\ntened with their swords and golden epaulets. In\\ntheir midst stood the undaunted missionaries from", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0020.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "17-\\nall parts of the country. In this remarkable con-\\ngress rose a long cedar cross, and upon a staff\\nthe colors of France.\\nIn this council, after many congratulations\\noffered, and the war dances, the calumet was\\nsmoked and peace declared. France secured\\nhere the friendship of the tribes and dominion over\\nthe orreat West.\\nt\\nMarquette and Joliet.\\nMarquette, while on his mission in the West,\\nleaves Mackinac on the 13th of May, 1673, with\\nhis companion Joliet and five Frenchmen and two\\nIndian guides, in two bark canoes freighted with\\nmaize and smoked meat to enter into Lake Mich-\\nigan and Green Bay until they reached Fox river\\nin Illinois, where stood on its banks an Indian vil-\\nlage occupied by the Kickapoos, Mascontins and\\nMiamis, where the noble Father Allonez offi-\\nciated. Marquette in this village preaches and\\nannounces to them his object of discovering the\\ngreat river. They are appalled at the bold pro-\\nposition. They say Those distant nations\\nnever spare the strangers their mutual wars fill\\ntheir borders with bands of warriors. The great\\nriver abounds in monsters which devour both\\nmen and canoes. The excessive heat occasions\\ndeath.\\nFrom Fox river across the portage with the\\ncanoes they reach the Wisconsin river. There", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0021.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "i;\\nMarquette and Joliet separated with their guides,\\nand, in Marquette s language Leaving us\\nalone in this unknown land in the hands of Prov-\\nidence, they float down the Wisconsin whose\\nbanks are dotted with prairies and beautiful hills,\\nwhilst surrounded by wild animals and the buffa-\\nlo. After seven days navigation on this river,\\ntheir hearts bound with gladness on beholding on\\nthe 17th day of June, 1673, the broad expanse of\\nthe great Father of the Waters, and upon its bo-\\nsom they float down. About 60 leagues below\\nthis they visit an Indian village. Their recep-\\ntion from the savages was cordial. They said\\nWe are Illinois, that is, we are men. The\\nwhole village awaits thee thou shall enter in\\npeace our cabins. After six days rest on the\\ncouch of furs, and amidst abundance of game,\\nthese hospitable Illinois conduct them to their\\ncanoes, whilst the chief places around Mar-\\nquette s neck the calumet of peace, being beauti-\\nfully decorated with the feathers of birds.\\nTheir canoe again ripples the bosom of the\\ngreat river (Mississippi), when further down they\\nbehold on the high bluffs and smooth rock above\\n(now Alton), on the Illinois shore, the figures of\\ntwo monsters painted in various colors, of fright-\\nful appearance, and the position appeared to be\\ninaccessible to a painter. They soon reached\\nthe turbid waters of the Missouri, and thence\\nfloated down to th(; mouth of the Ohio.\\nFarther down the river stands the villae e of", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0022.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "19\\nMitchlgamea, being on the west side of the river.\\nWhen approaching this place its bloody warriors,\\nwith their war cry, embark in their canoes to\\nattack them, but the calumet, held aloft by Mar-\\nquette, pacifies them. So they are treated with\\nhospitality, and escorted by them to the Arkansas\\nriver. They sojourn there a short time, when\\nMarquette, before leaving this sunny land, cele-\\nbrates the festival of the church. Marquette and\\nJoliet then turn their canoe northward to retrace\\ntheir way back until they reach the Illinois river,\\nthence up that stream, along its flowery prairies.\\nThe Illinois braves conduct them back to Lake\\nMichigan, thence to Green Bay, where they ar-\\nrived in September, 1673.\\nMarquette for two years officiated along Lake\\nMichiofan afterw-ards visited Mackinaw from\\nthence he enters a small river in Michigan (that\\nbears his name), when, after saying mass, he\\nWMthdraws for a short time to the woods, where\\nhe is found dead. Thus died this illustrious ex-\\nplorer and remarkable priest, leaving a name\\nunparalleled as a brave, good and virtuous\\nChristian.\\nLaSalle and Hennepin.\\nRobert Cavalier La Salle, a native of Norman-\\ndy, an adventurer from France, arrived in Can-\\nada about 1670. Being ambitious to distinguish\\nhimself in making discoveries on this continent he", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0023.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "20\\nreturned to France to solicit aid for that pur-\\npose. He was made chevalier upon the condi-\\ntion that he would repair Fort Frontenac, located\\non Lake Ontario, and open commerce with the\\nsavages. In 1677 he again returned to France,\\nwhen in July, 1678, he, with Chevalier Tonti his\\nlieutenant, and 30 men, left La Rochelle for Que-\\nbec and Fort Frontenac. Whilst at Quebec an\\nagreement was made by the governor of Canada\\nwith La Salle to establish forts along the northern\\nlakes. At this time, he undertook with great ac-\\ntivity to increase the commerce of the West, by\\nbuildinor a bark of ten tons to float on Lake\\nOntario.\\nShortly afterwards, he built another vessel,\\nknown as the Griffin, above Niagara Falls, for\\nLake Erie, of sixty tons, being the first vessel\\nseen on the northern lakes. The Griffin was\\nlaunched and made to float on Lake Erie. On\\nthe prow of this ship armorial bearings were ad-\\norned by two griffins as supporters upon her\\ndeck she carried two brass cannons for defense.\\nOn the 7th of August, 1679, she spread her sails\\non Lake Erie, whilst on her deck stood the brave\\nnaval commander La Salle, accompanied by Fa-\\nthers Henepin, Ribourde and Zenoby, surrounded\\nby a crew of thirty voyageurs. On leaving a\\nsalute was fired, whose echoes were heard, to the\\nastonishment of the savages, who named the(jrif-\\nfin the great wooden canoe. This shij) pur-\\nsued her course through Lakes Erie, St. Clair and", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0024.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0025.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0026.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "21\\nHuron to Mackinaw, thence throug-h that strait\\ninto Lake Michigan, thence to Green Bay, where\\nshe anchored in safety.\\nThe Griffin, after being laden with a cargo of\\npeltries and furs, was ordered back by La Salle\\nto the port from whence she sailed, but unfortu-\\nnately on her return she was wrecked. La Salle\\nduring the absence of the Griffin determined with\\nfourteen men to proceed to the mouth ol the Mia-\\nmies, now St. Joseph, where he built a fort, from\\nwhich place he proceeded to Rock Fort in La\\nSalle county, Illinois. La Salle hearing of the\\nciisaster and wreck of the Griffin, built a fort\\non the Illinois river and called it Creve-Coeur\\n(broken heart).\\nThis brave man, though weighed down by\\nmisfortune, did not despair. He concluded to\\nreturn to Canada, but before leaving, sends Father\\nHennepin, with Piscard, Du Guay and Michael\\nAka, to explore the sources of the Upper Mis-\\nsissippi.\\nThey leave Creve-Coeur February 29, 1680,\\nfloating down the Illinois river, reaching the Mis-\\nsissippi March 8, 1680 then explored that river\\nup to the Falls of St. Anthony from there they\\npenetrated the forests, which brought them to the\\nwigwams of the Sioux, who detained Father\\nHennepin and companions for some time in cap-\\ntivity. Recovering their liberty, they returned\\nto Lake Superior in November, 1680, thence to\\nQuebec and France.", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0027.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "22\\nDuring the explorations ^of Father Hennepin,\\nLa Salle, with a, courage unsurpassed, a constitu\\ntion of iron, returns to Canada, a distance of 1200\\nmiles, his pathway being through snow, ice and\\nsavages along Lakes Michigan, Erie anci Ont-\\nario. Reaching Quebec, he finds his business in\\na disastrous condition, his vessels lost, his goods\\nseized and his men scattered. Not being dis-\\ncouraged, however, he returns to his forts in Illi-\\nnois, which he finds deserted takes new cour-\\nage goes to Mackinaw finds his devoted friend\\nChevalier Tonti in 1681, and is found once more\\non the Illinois river to continue the explorations\\nof the Mississippi, which had been explored by\\nFather Marquette to the Arkansas river, and by\\nFather Hennepin up to the Falls of St. Anthony.\\nLa Salle, from Fort Creve-Cctur, on the Illinois\\nriver, with twenty-two Frenchmen, among whom\\nwere Father Zenobi and Chevalier Tonti with\\neighteen savages and two women and three chil-\\ndren, float down until they reach the Missis-\\nsippi on February 6, 1682. They descend this\\nmighty river until they reach its mouth, April 6,\\n1682, where they are the first to plant the cross\\nand the banners of France. La Salle, with his\\ncompanions, ascends the Mississippi and returns\\nto his forts on the Illinois returns again to Can-\\nada, and France.\\nLa Salle is received at the French court with\\nenthusiasm. The king of France orders four\\nvessels well equipped to serve him, under Beau-", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0028.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "geau, commander of the fleet, to proceed to the\\nGulf of Mexico to discover the Bahze. Unfor-\\ntunately for La Salle he fails in discovering it,\\nand they are thrown into the Bay of Matagorda,\\nTexas, where La Salle, with his 280 persons, is\\nabandoned by the commander of the fleet. La\\nSalle here builds a fort then undertakes by land\\nto discover the Balize. After many hardships he\\nreturns to his fort, and again attempts the same\\nobject, when he meets a tragical end, being mur-\\ndered by the desperate Duhault, one of his men.\\nDuring the voyage of La Salle, Chevalier Tonti,\\nhis friend, had gone down the Mississippi to its\\nmouth to meet him. After a long search in vain\\nfor the fleet, he returned to Rock Fort on the\\nIllinois.\\nAfter the unfortunate death of La Salle, great\\ndisorder and misfortune occurred to his men in\\nTexas. Some wandered amongst the savages,\\nothers were taken priso^iers, others perished in\\nthe woods. However, seven bold and brave men\\nof La Salle s force determined to return to Illinois,\\nheaded by Capt. Joutel and the noble Father\\nAnastase. After six months exploration through\\nthe forest and plain they cross the Red river,\\nwhere they lose one of their comrades. They\\nthen moved towards the Arkansas river, where\\nto their great joy, they reached a French fort,\\nupon which stood a large cross, where Couture\\nand Delaunay, two Frenchmen, had possession\\nto hold communication with La Salle. This", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0029.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "24\\nbrave band, with the exception of young Barthel-\\nemi, proceeded up the Mississippi to the IlHnois\\nforts from thence to Canada.\\nThis terminated La Salle s wonderful explora-\\ntions over our vast lakes, grreat rivers and terri-\\ntory, of Texas. He was a man of stern integrity,\\nof undoubted activity and boldness of character,\\nof an iron constitution, entertaining broad views,\\nand a chivalry unsurpassed in the Old or New\\nWorld.\\nFrance, as early as possible, established along\\nthe lakes permanent settlements. One was that\\nof Detroit, which was one of the most interest-\\ning and loveliest positions, and was settled in i 701\\nby Lamotte de Cardillac. with one hundred\\nFrenchmen.\\nLouisiana.\\nThe discovery and possession of Mobile, Biloxi\\nand Dauphine Island induced the French to search\\nfor the mouth of the Mississippi river, formerly\\ndiscovered b)^ La Salle. Lemoine D Iberville, a\\nnaval officer of talent and great experience, dis-\\ncovered the Balize on the 2d of March, 1699,\\nproceeded up this river and took possession of the\\ncountry known as Louisiana. D Iberville returned\\nimmediately to France to announce this glorious\\nnews. Bienville, his brother, was left to take\\ncharge of Louisiana during his absence. D Iber-\\nville returned, when Bienville and St. Denis, with", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0030.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "-25\\na force, were ordered to explore Red river and\\nthence to the borders of Mexico. La Harpe\\nalso ascended Red river in 1719, and built a fort\\ncalled Charlotte also took possession of the Ar-\\nkansas river afterwards floated down this river\\nin pirogues, finding on its banks many thriving\\nIndian villages.\\nFrance, in September, 1712, by letters patent,\\ngranted Louisiana to Crozas, a wealthy French-\\nman, who relinquished his rights and power in\\nI 71 7 to the Company of the West, established by\\nthe notorious banker, John Law. Under a\\nfever of great speculations, great efforts were\\nmade to advance the population and wealth of\\nLouisiana. New Orleans was mapped out In\\n1 718, and became the important city of Lower\\nand Upper Louisiana. The charter and privileges\\nof the Company of the West, after Its total\\nfailure, was resigned to the crown of France in\\n1 73 1. The country embracing- Louisiana was\\npopulated by numerous tribes of savages. One\\nof these tribes was known as the Natchez, located\\non a high bluff, in the midst of a glorious climate,\\nabout 300 miles above New Orleans, on the river\\nbank. The Natchez had erected a remarkable\\ntemple where they Invoked the Great Spirit,\\nwhich was decorated with various idols moulded\\nfrom clay baked In the sun. In this temple burned\\na living fire, where the bones of the brave were\\nburned. Near It, on a high mound, the chief of\\nthe nation, called the Sun, resided, where the", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0031.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "26\\nwarriors chanted their war songs and held their\\ngreat council fires. The Natchez had shown\\ngreat hospitality to the French, The Governor\\nof Louisiana built a fort near them in 1714, called\\nFort Rosalie. Chopart, afterwards commander\\nof this fort, ill-treated them and unjustly demanded\\na part of their villages. This unjust demand so\\noutraged their feelings that the Natchez in their\\nanger lifted up the bloody tomahawk, headed by\\nthe Great Sun, attacked Fort Rosalie Novem-\\nber 2S, 1729, and massacred every Frenchman in\\nthe fort and the vicinity. During these bloody\\nscenes the chief amidst this carnage stood calm\\nand unmoved, whilst Chopart s head and those of\\nhis officers and soldiers were thrown at his feet,\\nforming a pyramid of human heads. This caused\\na bloody war, which, after many battles fought,\\nterminated in the total destruction of the Natchez\\nnation. In these struggles, the chief and his 400\\nbraves were made prisoners, and afterwards in-\\nhumanly sold as slaves in St. Domingo.\\nThe French declared war in i 735 against the\\nChickasaws, a warlike tribe, that inhabited the\\nSouthern States. Bienville, commander of the\\nFrench, ordered a reunion of the troops to as-\\nsemble on the loth of May, 1736, on the Tom-\\nbigbee river. The gallant D Artacjuette from\\nFort Chartres, and the brave Vincennes from the\\nWabash river, with a thousand warriors, were at\\ntheir post in time, but were forced into battle on\\nthe 20th of Ma} without tlie assistance of the", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0032.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "27\\nother troops, were defeated and massacred. Bien-\\nville shortly afterwards, on the 27th of May, i 736,\\nfailed in his assault upon the Chickasaw forts, in\\nthe Tombigbee, where the English flag waved,\\nand was forced to retreat, with the loss of his\\ncannons, which forced him to return to New Or-\\nleans. In 1740 the French built a fort at the\\nmouth of the St. Francois river, and moved their\\ntroops in Fort Assumption, near Memphis, where\\npeace was concluded with the Chickasaws.\\nThe oldest permanent settlement on the Mis-\\nsissippi river was Kaskaskia, first visited by\\nFather Gravier, date unknown but he was in\\nIllinois in 1693. He was succeeded b)- Fathers\\nPinet and Bineteau. Pinet became the founder 01\\nCahokia, where he erected a chapel, and a goodly\\nnumber of savages assembled to attend the ereat\\nfeast. Father Gabriel, who had chanted mass\\nthrough Canada, officiated at Cahokia and Kas-\\nkaskia in I 71 1\\nThe missionaries in 1721 established a college\\nand monastery at Kaskaskia. F ort Chartres,\\nin Illinois, was built in 1 720 became an im-\\nportant post for the security of the French, and\\na great protection for the commerce on the Missis-\\nsippi.\\nAn expedition under Le Sieur to Upper Loui-\\nsiana about 1 702 in search of precious metals,\\nproceeded up as far as St. Croix and St. Peter s\\nrivers, where a fort was built, which had to be\\nabandoned owing to the hostilities of the savages.", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0033.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "28\\nThe Missouri.\\nThe French, as early as 1705, ascended the\\nMissouri river to open traffic with the Missouris\\nand to take possession of the country. M. Du-\\ntisne, from New Orleans, with a force, arrived in\\nSaline river, below St. Genevieve, moved west-\\nward to the Osage river, then beyond this about\\n150 miles, where he found two large villages lo-\\ncated in fine prairies abounding with wild game\\nand buffalo.\\nThe Spanish Caravan.\\nF rance and Spain in 1719 were contending for\\ndominion west of the Mississippi. Spain in 1720\\nsent from Santa Fg a large caravan to make a\\nsettlement on the Missouri river, the design being\\nto destroy the Missouris, a tril)e at peace with\\nFrance. This caravan, after traveling and wan-\\ndering, lost their way and marched into the camp\\nof the Missouris, their enemies, where they were\\nall massacred, except a priest, who from his dress,\\nwas considered no warrior. Aft(M this expedi-\\ntion from Santa Fe upon Missouri, France, under\\nM. DeBourgmont, with a force in 1724 ascended\\nthe Missouri, established a fort on an island above\\nthe Osage river, naming it bort Orleans. This\\nfort was afterwards attacked and its defenders\\ndestroyed by whom was never ascertained.", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0034.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "29\\nFirst MinixNG.\\nThe first mining operations in Upper Louisiana\\n(now Missouri) was by Sieur de Locham on the\\nMerimac river below^ St. Louis, and supposed to\\nbe silver and lead mines. These were worked\\nafterwards under the care of a Spaniard named\\nAntonio and by Renandica, under Renault.\\nRenault, the agent of the Company of the\\nWest, left France in 17 19 under the auspices of\\nthis company with 200 miners provided with min-\\ning tools. On his passage to New Orleans he\\ntouched at St. Doniingo, where he purchased 500\\nslaves, who were afterwards sold to the inhabit-\\nants of Upper Louisiana. He then proceeded to\\nKaskaskia for the purpose of mining in Illinois and\\nMissouri. In 1720, near Fort Chartres, he built\\na village called St. Philip. Renault crossed the\\nMississip[Ai and discovered the lead mine around\\nPotosi, which bears his name. He afterwards left\\nfor France in i 742.\\nFarther south, on the St. Francis river, La-\\nMotte, an agent under Renault, discovered the\\nfamous Mine Lamotte. The lead from all\\nthese mines was taken first on pack horses after-\\nward in charrettes (French carts) to St. Gene-\\nvieve, and from there shipped b)- river to New\\nOrleans.", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0035.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": ";o\\nSt. Genevieve.\\nThe town of St. Genevieve was the first per-\\nmanent settlement west of the Mississippi river\\nby emigrants from France and Canada.\\nThe wars between England and France more\\nor less affected the growth of this continent. The\\nwar in 1689, known as King William s War,\\nwas concluded by the treaty of Ryswick, 1697.\\nQueen Ann s War terminated by the treaty\\nof Aix-la-Chapelle, in 1748. These wars gave\\nEngland supremacy in the fisheries, the posses-\\nsion of the Bay of Hudson, of Newfoundland and\\nall of Nova Scotia.\\nThe French, after years of discovery and ex-\\nplorations, had acquired possession of the St.\\nLawrence river, the great Western lakes, and the\\nvalley of the Mississippi river and the control\\nof the Missouri river, which was a vast empire of\\nitself, and promised to be one of the most valuable\\ncolonies to the crown of France.", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0036.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "The French aiNd Indian War from 1754 to\\n1763, Known as the Seven Years War.\\nThe strugg-le between Eng-laiid and France\\nas to their dominion in America commenced at\\nthis period. It was a disastrous and bloody war,\\nwhere both parties enhsted hordes of savages to\\nparticipate in a warfare conducted in a disgraceful\\nmanner to humanity. France, at this time had\\nerected a ch lin of forts from Canada to the great\\nlakes and along the Mississippi Valley. The\\nEnglish controlled the territory occupied by their\\nEnglish colonies. The English claimed beyond\\nthe Alleghany Mountains to the Mississippi river.\\nThe French deemed her right to this river indis-\\nputable. Virginia had granted to the Ohio\\nCompany an extensive territory reaching to the\\nOhio. Dinwiddle, Governor of Virginia, through\\nGeorge Washington, remonstrated against the\\nencroachment of the French. St. Pierre, the\\nFrench commander, received Washington with\\nkindness and returned an answer, claiming the\\nterritory which France occupied. The Ohio\\nCompany sent out a party of men to erect a fort\\nat the confluence of the Alleghany and Monon-\\ngahela rivers. These men had hardly conimenced\\nwork on this fort when they were driven away by\\nthe French, who took possession and established\\nFort du Quesne.", "height": "2926", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0037.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "3^\\nWashington, with a body of provincials from\\nVirginia, marched to the disputed territory, when\\na party of French under J umonville was attacked\\nand all either killed or made prisoners. Wash-\\nington, after this, erected a fort called Fort\\nNecessity. From there Washington proceeded\\nwith 400 men towards Fort du Ouesne, where,\\nhearing of the advance of M. DeVilliers with a\\nlarge force, he returned to Fort Necessity, where,\\nafter a short defense, Washington had to capitu-\\nlate with the honorable terms of returning to Vir-\\nginia.\\nOn the 4th of July, 1754, the day that Fort\\nNecessity surrendered, a convention of colonies\\nwas held at Albany, New York, for a union of\\nthe colonies proposed by Dr. Ben. Franklin,\\nadopted by the delegates, but defeated by the\\nEnglish Government. However, at this conven-\\ntion a treaty was made between the colonies and\\nthe Five Nations, which proved to be of great\\nadvantage to England. Gen. F)raddock, with a\\nforce of two thousand soldiers, marched against\\nPort du Ouesne. Within seven miles of this fort\\nhe was attacked by the French and Indian allies\\nand disastrously defeated, when Washington cov-\\nered the retreat and saved the army from total de-\\nstruction.\\nSir William Johnson, with a large force, took\\ncommand of the army at Fort Edward. Near\\nthis fort P)aron Dieskau and St. Pierre attacked\\nCol, Williams and troop, where the English were", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0038.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "defeated, but Sir William Johnson coming to\\nthe rescue defeated the French, who lost in this\\nbattle Dieskau and St. Pierre.\\nOn August 12, 1756, Marquis Montcalm, com-\\nmander of the French army, attacked Fort Onta-\\nrio, garrisoned by 1,400 troops, who capitulated\\nas prisoners of w ar with 1 34 cannons, several\\nvessels and a large amount of military stores.\\nMontcalm destroyed this fort and returned to\\nCanada.\\nBy the treaty of peace of Aix-la-Chapelle of\\nOctober, 1748, Acadia, known as Nova Scotia,\\nand Brunswick had been ceded by France to\\nEngland. When the war of 1754 broke out this\\nterritory was occupied by numerous French fami-\\nlies. England, fearing their sympathy for France,\\ncruelly confiscated their property, destroyed their\\nhumble homes and exiled them to their colonies\\nin the utmost poverty and distress.\\nIn August, 1757, Marquis Montcalm, with a\\nlarge army, marched on Fort William Henry,\\ndefended by 3,000 English troops. The English\\nwere defeated, and surrendered on condition that\\nthey might march out of the fort with their arms.\\nThe savage allies, as they marched out, in an out-\\nrageous manner plundered them and massacred\\nsome in cold blood, notwithstanding the efforts of\\nthe French officers to prevent them.\\nThe military campaign thus far had been very\\ndisastrous to the English, which feict created\\nquite a sensation in the colonies and England.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0039.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "At this critical period the illustrious Mr. Pitt,\\nknown as Lord Chatham, was placed at the helm\\nof state on account of his talent and statesman-\\nship, and he sent a large naval armament and\\nnumerous troops to protect the colonies.\\nJul) 8, 1758, Cieneral Abercrombie, with an\\narmy of 15,000, moved on Ticonderoga, defended\\nby Marquis Montcalm. /\\\\fter a great struggle\\nthe English were defeated with a loss of two\\nthousand killed and wounded\\nAugust, 27, 1758, Colonel Bradstreet, with a\\nforce, attacked the French fort Fort Frontenac,\\non Lake Ontario, and took it with nine armed ves-\\nsels, sixty cannons and quantity of stores, whilst\\nGen. Forbes moved on Fort Du Ouesne, and took\\nit, which was afterwards called Pittsburg, in honor\\nof Mr. Pitt.\\nIn 1759 the French evacuated Ticonderoga,\\nCrown Point and Niagara. Gen. Wolf advanced\\nagainst Quebec, then defended by the gallant\\nMontcalm, where a terrible and bloody batde took\\nplace between the two armies. Gen. Wolf was\\nkilled and a. great number of English officers.\\nWhen the brave Wolf was told the English were\\nvictorious, he said, I die contented. Mont-\\ncalm, when told his wounds were mortal, said,\\nSo much the better; I shall not live to see the\\nsurrender of Quebec, which city surrendered\\nSeptember 18, 1759.\\nIn 1 760 another battle was fought near Quebec,\\nthe English were driven into their fortifications,", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0040.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "35\\nand only reliev^ed by the English squadron. Mon-\\ntreal still contended to the last, when she was\\ncompelled to surrender, which gave Canada to\\nthe English.\\nBy the treaty of peace, February lo, 1763,\\nFrance ceded to England all her possessions on\\nthe St. Lawrence river, all east of the Mississippi\\nriver except that portion south of Iberville river\\nand west of the Mississippi. At the same time\\nall the territory here reserved being west of the\\nMississippi, and the Orleans territory was trans-\\nferred to Spain. France, after all her labors, toil\\nand expenditures, and great loss of life, surren-\\ndered to England and Spain her great domain in\\nNorth America.\\nThe history of France, embracing a term of\\n228 years, is replete with interest and with thrill-\\ning events in this country up to 1763, of which 1\\nhave endeavored to give only an outline.\\nNotwithstanding France s great loss of her\\nvast territory in America, she afterwards took an\\nactive part in favoring the British colonies in their\\nstruofHe with the Ena-Hsh, during- the American\\nrevolution. She also re-acquired the Louisiana\\nTerritory from Spain, to cede it to the United\\nStates.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0041.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "36\\nHISTORY OF FORT CHARTRES, FORT\\nGAGE, AND KASKASKIA.\\n5\\nFort Chartres being established in early times\\nin the far West, on the Mississippi river, bears a\\npast and interesting history. Pierre Duque Bois-\\nbriant was first appointed commander, at the Illi-\\nnois. He arrived with French troops in the latter\\npartof I 718, at Kaskaskia, 111. Boisbriant shortly\\nafterwards selected a point on the Mississippi,\\nabout fifteen miles above Kaskaskia, where he\\nerected a wooden fort, called F ort Chartres, which\\nwas finished in the year 1720, when upon its ram-\\nparts the lilies of France were unfurled. The first\\nimportant arrival at this fort was Philip Francis\\nRenault, director of the mines of the West, with\\nhis two hundred miners and a number of slaves\\nfrom St. Domingo. Shortly afterwards, in i 72 i\\nit was visited by the historian Charlevoix, escorted\\nby St. Ange de Belle-Rive, a French officer, with\\na few P^rench soldiers. The Jesuits at this time\\nhad established the parish of St, Anne de Fort\\nChartres, which induced a number of emigrants\\nto settle near P ort Chartres and Kaskaskia. The\\nfirst council consisted of Boisbriant, Marc Antoine\\nde La Loire, and Michael Chassin des Ursins,\\nmakine Fort Chartres the center of civil and mil-", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0042.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "37\\nItary government of the Illinois country subject\\nto the French government. This council made\\nlarge grants of land to different persons in the Il-\\nlinois, Commandant Boisbriant in 1725 was suc-\\nceeded by M. de Siette, a captain of the royal\\narmy of France afterwards the command of this\\nfort fell to the lot of St. Ange de Belle- Rive, a\\nbrave and gallant officer, who chastised the sur-\\nrounding savages, which secured peace to the in-\\nhabitants. The noble, brave and illustrious Pierre\\nD Artaquette took command of this fort and Illi-\\nnois in the year 1734. It was in 1736 he and the\\nMarquis de Vincennes, of the Wabash, with troops\\nfrom Fort Chartres and the Wabash country, ac-\\ncompanied by a thousand warriors commanded by\\nthe great Indian chief Chicago, descended the\\nMississippi river in a flotilla to the Lower Chick-\\nasaw Bluffs, to reach the Tombigbee to make war\\nagainst the Chickasaw Indians, when on the 20th\\nMay, 1736, a terrible and bloody battle took place,\\nwhere the Illinois troops were defeated and mas-\\nsacred by the Chickasaws. This catastrophe was\\nlong mourned by the inhabitants and warriors of\\nthe Illinois and Wabash country. After the death\\nof D Artaquette, Commandant La Buissonniere\\nsucceeded him, when in 1739 he was ordered by\\nBienville, Governor of Louisiana, to organize\\ntroops to renew this war, which order he obeyed\\nby descending with a flotilla to the present site of\\nMemphis, where he met Bienville s army. This", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0043.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "warlike expedition terminated in peace without\\nany military glory to the French arms.\\nBuissonniere returned with his troops in i 740\\nto the fort. During his commandership Illinois\\nincreased rapidly in population and wealth, and a\\nremarkable nucleus of good society was formed\\nat Fort Chartres and Kaskaskia. Many marri-\\nages took place amongst the officers at the fort\\nwith brilliant young ladies of the Illinois, which\\nwere celebrated with great ceremony. After\\nBuissonniere s administration, Benoist St. Clair,\\ncaptain of a marine company, took charge of the\\nfort for a year or more, when he was replaced by\\nChevalier de Bertel. During Bertel s time, De La\\nLoire Flanneur acted as civil judge. Chevalier\\nde McCarthy, major of engineers, with troops from\\nFrance, arrived at Fort Chartres in the latter part\\nof I 75 I and took charge, bearing instructions ow-\\ning to p ^nding difficulties with England, to repair\\nthe fort completely, and to protect the territory of\\nFrance. McCarthy erected nearly a new fort.\\nWhen finished, about 1755, the war broke out\\nbetween France and England. This fort had a\\nstone wall 15 feet high, with loop holes, embras-\\nures and bastions, a large store house, with gov-\\nernment house, with iron gates and stone porch,\\nwith two rooms of barracks, having an intendant\\nhouse, guard house, bake house, and prison, all\\nof stone, with a larw maoazine, with doors of\\nwood and iron, hung in stone doorways, all well-", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0044.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "39\\nmounted with cannon, the whole coverino- over\\nfour acres.\\nSuch was this important fort at the commence-\\nment of the French and Eng-Hsh war. Many of-\\nficers of this fort distinguished themselves in the\\nservice of France on different battle fields. Cap-\\ntain Noyon de Villiers, an officer at Fort Chartres,\\nburning- to revenge the death of his brother Jumon-\\nville, whom Washington and militia had attacked\\nand killed, at the Great Meadow, in Virginia,\\nrequested the Marquis McCarthy, to permit\\nhim with his company to proceed to Fort\\nDuquesne. In 1755, he left Fort Chartres, with\\nhis men, bearing the flag of France, at the call\\nof the drum, descended the Mississippi, went up\\nthe Ohio river, soon reached Fort Duquesne^\\nwhere he enlisted under his relation, Coulin de\\nVilliers, marched into Virginia, where after an\\nobstinate contest, he compelled Washington and\\nhis militia to surrender Fort Necessity. After\\nthis great triumph Captain Villiers returned with\\nhis men to Fort Chartres, where the event was\\nhighly celebrated. Shortly after, another gallant\\nofficer, named Aubry, was ordered by McCarthy\\nto reinforce Fort Duquesne with 400 men. Whilst\\nthere he participated in the defeat of the English\\ntroops under Braddock near Fort Duquesne, and\\nreturned with his troops to Fort Chartres, well\\nequipped, amidst the acclamations of the Illinois\\ntroops. This same officer was again sent on an\\nexpedition against the far distant Niagara Fort,", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0045.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "-40-\\nto aid in the defense of the French army, who\\nhad just met with terrible disasters in Canada,\\nand along the lakes. In the attack on Fort Nia-\\ngara, the brave Aiibry was badly wounded^ and\\ngreat numbers of his soldiers were killed or made\\nprisoners of war. Chevalier McCarthy continued\\nin command until the termination of the French\\nand English war. Noyon de Villiers succeeded\\nMcCarthy^ who received orders to evacuate the\\nFrench possessions east of the Mississippi, being,\\nPeoria on the Illinois river. Fort Massac on the\\nOhio, also Vincennes on the Wabash, and to con-\\ncentrate their troops at Fort Chartres. He also\\nordered to be evacuated the French fort at Kan-\\nsas river and also the one on the Osage river,\\non the Missouri river.\\nOn the loth of July 1764 Noyon de Villiers\\nleft Fort Chartres with his troops, accompanied\\nby civil officers and a large number of inhabitants,\\nfor New Orleans, however leaving St. Ange in\\ncommand of Fort Chartres, with two lieutenants\\nand forty soldiers, to guard this fort until surren-\\ndered to the English, which he did on the 10th of\\nOctober 1765 to Captain Sterling, an English\\nofficer. The reason the English did not take pos-\\nsession of Fort Chartres earlier under the treaty\\nof I 763, was owing to the hostilities to the English\\nby Pontiac and his warriors, who were a terror\\nfrom the lakes to the Mississippi. Previous to\\nthe surrender of Fort Chartres, Pontiac visited\\nthis fort with four hundred warriors, to have a", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0046.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "4i\\ncouncil with St. Ange. The IlHnois Indians\\nwhich surrounded Fort Chartres refused to join\\nPontiac he then told them Hesitate not, or\\nI destroy you as the fire destroys the grass of\\nthe prairie. He further spoke to St. Ange\\nFather, we have long wished to see you, to\\nshake hands with thee, and whilst smoking the\\npipe of peace, to recall the battles in which we\\nfought together against the misguided Indians,\\nand the English dogs. I love the French, and I\\nhave come here with my warriors to avenge their\\nwrongs. St. Ange, under his duties, declined,\\nand told Pontiac to make peace, as nothing could be\\ndone. Pontiac returned north, but when he heard\\nthat Colonel Sterling- had taken F ort Chartres, he\\nraved and swore he would take the fort and Ster-\\nling s scalp. The English, fearing his valor and\\npower, were induced te get rid of him. Whilst\\nin St. Louis, Pontiac determined to go to Caho-\\nkia. St. Ange endeavored to prevent him, but\\nPontiac s answer was: I am a man and know\\nhow to fight. When at Cahokia, he got drunk,\\nand retired to sing his medicine song, in the mean-\\ntime, an Engrlish merchant bribed a Peoria Indian\\nwith a barrel of rum, if he would kill Pontiac,\\nwhilst in this state and sleeping. Pontiac was\\nkilled, his skull being cleaved by a tomahawk.\\nThis outrage roused the savages friendly to Pon-\\ntiac, which caused the extermination ol the Illi-\\nnois nation.\\nAfter the delivery of Fort Chartres, October", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0047.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "42\\nloth, 1765, by St. Ange, he and his troops re-\\nmoved to the Post of St. Louis, Missouri. Cap-\\ntain Sterhng, shortly after occupying Fort Char-\\ntres, died suddenly. He was succeeded in com-\\nmand by Major Frazer Irom Fort Pitt afterwards\\nreheved by Colonel Reed, when Colonel John\\nWilkins, on the 5th of September, 1768, took\\ncommand of the fort. At this time a judicial\\ncourt was established, consisting of seven judges,\\nwhen the common law was introduced in Illi-\\nnois.\\nOwing to floods in the Mississippi in the )ear\\n1772, Fort Chartres was abandoned, and the\\nEnglish troops from this fort removed to Kashas\\nkia and Fort Gage. Previous to this, an old fort\\nwhich stood on the present site was burnt in Oc-\\ntober, 1 766. Fort Gage was located opposite\\nthe town of Kaskaskia, on the eastern bank of\\nthe Kaskaskia river, in Illinois.\\nThe headquarters of the English in the Illinois\\ncountry was at Fort Chartres, from October loth,\\n1765, to 1772; afterwards at F ort Gage and\\nKaskaskia, until it was captured by Colonel\\nRogers Clark for the Commonwealth of Virginia,\\nJuly 4th, 177H, whilst under the command of\\nRocheblave, under the Entrlish flae.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0048.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "43\\nKaskaskia.\\nKaskaskia was established as early as 1686 by\\nCatholic missionaries and a few Frenchmen.\\nWhen the English took possession in 1765,\\nKaskaskia contained about sixty-five families,\\nand a number of traders, coureurs des bois, and\\nother casual people and many slaves. At this\\nperiod the Jesuits had a college and church, with\\na plantation under good cultivation, containing\\n240 acres. It was well-stocked, with a large\\nbrewery attached to it.\\nNear Fort Chartres in 1765 existed a village\\nwith a parish church dedicated to St. Anne, and\\nserved by a Franciscan friar. Its population con-\\nsisted of forty families.\\nPrairie Du Rociier. Camokia.\\nPrairie Du Rocher, a small town, then was\\nlocated about four miles below Fort Chartres,\\nabout ten miles above Kaskaskia, containing\\ntwelve dwelling houses inhabited with about as\\nmany families. This village was located along\\nthe Rock BluFf. At this period existed also\\nKahokia, a village on the Mississippi river, about\\nsix miles below the present city of St. Louis.\\nIt was located in a laree bend of the river. It", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0049.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "44\\nwas on low land, but remarkably productive\\nand rich in character this latter place was estab-\\nlished shortly after Kaskaskia. Kahokia had a\\nchurch, and contained about forty-five French fani-\\nilies. Adjoining this village the mission of St. Sul-\\npice, a catholic organization, with a good school,\\nalso owned a good farm, with a large and con-\\nvenient house and out-houses, and they cultiva-\\nted the soil mostly with slaves; this farm was well\\nstocked. In the center of Kahokia stood a\\nwooden fort, for the safety of its inhabitants in\\ntimes of danger from the surrounding Indians.\\nFort Chartres in 1772 owing to the great Hood\\nwas entirely abandoned, then went into ruin.\\nGov. Reynolds, who visited this fort in 1S02,\\nstates\\nIt presented a most striking contrast be-\\ntween a savaofe wilderness filled with wild beasts\\nand reptiles, and the remains of one of the largest\\nand strongest fortifications on the continent.\\nLarge trees were growing in the houses, which\\nonce contained the elegant and accomplished\\nFrench officers and soldiers; cannons, snakes and\\nbats were sleeping together in peace in and\\naround the Fort.\\nShortly before and after the English took pos-\\nsession of Illinois in 1765, a great many of the old\\nFrench families removed to the west side of the\\nMississippi river, under the Lilies of France.\\nThe French families in Illinois, previous to this", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0050.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0051.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0052.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "-45\\nperiod, were a happy and contented people, but\\ntheir great dislike to the English government,\\ncaused them to sacrifice their property and aban-\\ndon their fire-sides and homes. They removed\\nmostly to St. Genevieve and St. Louis, under a\\ngovernment more congenial to their tastes and\\nhabits.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0053.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "-46-\\nPART II.\\nEXPLORATION OF THE MISSOURI BY\\nTHE FRENXH UN 1705.\\nThe Missouri River, which flowed through an\\nimmense wilderness, was not known to any of the\\nEuropeans until it was explored by the French\\nas early as 1705. Chevalier M. Lesieur was or-\\ndered by Governor D Iberville, of Louisiana, on\\na mining expedition to the Upper Mississippi in\\n1702, with a few Indian guides, accompanied by\\neminent metallurgists and miners, to search for\\nprecious nietals. They reached St. Peters and\\nGreen Rivers, now Illinois, where they established\\na fort called L Huillier, which excited the hos-\\ntility of the Indian tribes, that caused the expedi-\\ntion to abandon the country.\\nThis party descended the Mississippi, when\\ntheir attention was called to the Missouri River,\\nand they determined to ascend this turbulent\\nstream, which they did as far as the Kansas (now\\ncalled Raw) River in the year 1705. Thc^ banks\\nof the Missouri were then mostly occupied by a", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0054.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "47\\npowerful tribe of savages known as the Mis-\\nsoLiris, with whom the French formed an alHance,\\nand estabhshed a trading post among them for\\nthe purpose of mining and the traffic in furs and\\npekries.\\nBy this exploration the French took possession\\nof the Missouri river and claimed dominion over\\nit.\\nSanta Fe Caravan, 1720.\\nFrance and Spain were in a continual contest\\nfor the possession of the Mississippi Valley, which\\neventually created a war between them, as early\\nas 1 7 19. The Spaniards endeavored to protect\\ntheir possessions beyond the Mississippi river.\\nThe French, having possession of the Missouri\\nriver as early as 1705, the Spaniards concluded\\nto destroy their settlements on this river, when,\\nin 1720, they organized a large caravan at Santa\\nFe for that purpose. This Spanish caravan con-\\nsisted of soldiers, men, priests and women, com-\\nprising Spaniards, Mexicans and a mixed race\\nof Indians, with a large number of horses and\\ncattle. This military organization was grotesque\\nin the extreme in dress and equipage it looked\\nmore like an army of clowns than a military inva-\\nsion. Tliis large caravan was unacquainted with\\nthe route and country, and without proper guides,\\nstill they were enthusiastic and determined to\\ntake possession or the Missouri. The French", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0055.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "-48^\\nhad settled amono-st the Missouris, a power-\\nful tribe of Indians, who then occupied the Mis-\\nsouri and Kansas rivers, and were in friendship\\nand alliance with the French. The Paunee-\\nIndians, were enemies to the French and Missou-\\nris, and the caravan expected aid from them, in\\ntheir assault upon the French and Missouris.\\nThe caravan instead of entering the Paunee settle-\\nment, unsuspectedly marched into the Missouris\\ncamp. The Spaniards informed the chief of the\\nMissouris, that they came with the purpose to des-\\ntroy the French and the Missouris. The chief\\ndisguised his feelings, and received the Spaniards\\nwith hospitality, who distributed arms and am-\\nmunition amongst the Missouris but the chief\\nsoon gave orders to his warriors to rally and\\nattack this caravan, which they did, and suc-\\nceeded in destroying it entirely.\\nExplorations of the Interior of Missouri\\nBy M. De Dutisne in 1719.\\nThe French authorities in New Orleans, or-\\ndered an exploration under M. de Dutisne, of the\\ninterior of Missouri, whicli was then occupied\\nby different tribes of savages. M. De Dutisne\\nafter ascending the Mississippi, disembarked with\\nhis force at tlie mouth of the Saline river, a stream\\nabout 10 miles below the town of St. Genevieve.\\nFrom there he took his course northwest, through", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0056.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "-49\\nIts mineral country, and over a rocky, broken and\\ntimber region to reach the Osag^e river, a dis-\\ntance of about 300 miles. About five miles from\\nthis river he came upon a large village occupied\\nby the Osage Indians, containing about 100 cab-\\nins and huts. After visiting this village he pro-\\nceeded further west about 120 miles to a prairie\\ncountry, abounding in game, where he found\\ntwo large Indian villages which seemed occupied\\nby the Poncas, a warlike tribe, provided with\\na great number of horses. Then this expedition\\nproceeded to the Missouri river, when M. De\\nDutisne took formal possession of the country\\nand erected posts with the king s arms, as a\\ntestimony of their claims.\\nFort Orleans, on an Island in the Missouri\\nRiver, 1 724.\\nOwing to the Santa Fe Caravan of the Span-\\niards in 1720, on the Missouri, the French were\\ncompelled to protect their interest and dominion\\non the Missouri river, A military force was or-\\nganized at Mobile under Chevalier M. De Bourg-\\nmont, de I ordre Royal et Militaire, who estab-\\nlished Fort Orleans on an Island in the Mis-\\nsouri river above the Osage river in the year\\n1724, four years after the Spanish caravan had\\nbeen entirely destroyed. At this latter period,", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0057.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "50-\\nthe different tribes of Indians, who inhabited\\nMissouri were at war, which was very injurious\\nto the fur trade, and to the French voyagers and\\ntraders. Chevaher Bourgmont, with his troops,\\nattempted to establish peace, amongst those\\ntribes of savages, and succeeded after a short time\\nin this laudable object.\\nFor this purpose, Bourgmont with his force, set\\nout from Fort Orleans July 3d, 1724. for Kansas\\nriver, where he had invited the Great chiefs of\\nthese several tribes to meet, when a large council\\nwas held, consisting of the Kansas, Othouez,\\nAiowez, Osages, and Missouris. Bourgmont and\\nhis French troops were received with great pomp\\nand hospitality by these savages and they were\\nentertained by Indian dances and war songs.\\nAfter much deliberation in council, peace was de-\\nclared amonofst the tribes of Indians, an alliance\\nwas formed with the French. At this great\\ncouncil, chevalier Bourgmont induced them to\\nmake peace with the Padoucas, a powerful tribe,\\ninhabiting an extensive country between the Mis-\\nsouri and New Mexico, then extentling to the\\nSpanish possessions.\\nFor that purpose Bourgmont with the Indian\\nchiefs and warriors, accompanied by three hun-\\ndred squaws, made an expedition to the camp of\\nthe Padoucas traversing a country filled with\\nbuffalo and orame, while the baoo-acre was trans-\\nported by the squaws and three hundred dogs at-\\ntached to sledges. When Bourgmont and sol-", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0058.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "51\\ndiers, with his Indian alHes, arrived at the Pa\\ndoucas camp, they were received with great hos-\\npitaHty and Indian pomp, when a large Indian\\ncouncil was held.\\nBourgmont presented to the great chief of the\\nPadoucas a French flasf, whilst he distributed a\\nlarge quantity of goods, amongst all the savages\\nassembled, consisting of red and blue lembergs,\\nshirts, fusils, gun-powder, balls, muskets, Hints,\\neun-screws, hatchets, lookinof-crlasses, scissors,\\nknives, combs, awls, needles, glasses, brass wire\\nand rings.\\nThe Padoucas were not acquainted with fire-\\narms. They were greatly surprised and enchanted\\nwith the military discipline of the French soldiers.\\nA general council was held, and peace among\\nthe Indian tribes declared, and an alliance made\\nwith the F rench. This expedition to these tribes\\nof Indians and to the Padoucas, was from July 3,\\nto November I, 1724, The Indian chief, when\\npresented with the Lilies of France, said: I\\naccept this flag, and my two hundred warriors\\nare at the service of the French. Bourgmont,\\nafter establishing peace among these several\\ntribes of Indians, returned to Fort Orleans.\\nHe remained a few months at this fort. After he\\nleft it and during his absence this Fort Orleans\\nwas destroyed and its soldiers massacred, and,\\nstrange to say, it was never ascertained by whom\\nit was attacked and destroyed.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0059.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "52\\nPART III.\\nTERRITORY OF LOUISIANA.\\nNew Organization of Louisiana Territory\\nUnder Crozat. 171 2 171 7.\\nFor the purpose of improving the commerce\\nand mining operations of the Colony of Louisiana,\\nand to reorganize this Territory, Louis XIV,\\nthe Grand Monarch of France, made a grant\\nand concession of the same in the year 171 2 to\\nthe Sieur Crozat, a wealthy and enterprising\\nFrenchman, whilst M. de Lamotte was made its\\ngovernor in 171 3. Crozat, after much labor and\\ntoil and a large expenditure of money in mining\\nand commerce, for five years, found that this\\ngrant was too extensive and too difficult for him\\nto manage, and surrendered his grant back to the\\ncrown of b ranee on the 23d of August, 1717.\\nLoLiis XIV having died in 1715, he was suc-\\nceeded by Louis XV. Being a minor at the time,\\nthe Duke of Orleans was made regent of France.\\nLouis XIV, after a glorious reign for years, met\\neventually with great disasters, after twenty-eight", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0060.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "53\\nyears of war, left France in a deplorable condi-\\ntion financially, and in a bankrupt state. Louis\\nXV after this organized the Compagnie des\\nIndes by lettres-patentes, in August 1717,\\nwith extensive powers and authority over the\\nLouisiana Territory, which Company existed un-\\ntil the year i 73 1\\nDuring the terrible financial crisis in F ranee, in\\nthe reign of Louis XV, there appeared a remark-\\nable person, to take the helm of finances of that\\nbankrupt country. This individual had great\\nwealth, a commanding appearance, talent and\\nirenius he was a Scotchman bv birth. This man\\nwas the notorious John Law. He was promoted\\nto the head of the Bank of Circulation, in\\n1716, and of the Banque Royale, in 1718.\\nWhilst controling large commercial operations,\\nhe became the controling spirit of the Compa-\\nenie des Indes, which had the manaofement of\\nthe commerce and mining operations of the\\ngreat Territory of Louisiana. This last Com-\\npany contributed a great deal to improve and po-\\npulate the country from Louisiana to the Can-\\nadian country.\\nThe system adopted by France, in an over-\\nissue ot paper money, accompanied by a\\nregime of wild speculation in the city of Paris,\\noccasioned an extravagant mode of living, which\\ncorrupted the manners of the people and\\nbrought on France a terrible financial crisis, which\\nreached its colonies. However, the Territory", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0061.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "54\\nof Louisiana under John Law s surveillance\\ngreatly increased in wealth and population.\\nJohn Law s financial failure, which followed, was\\ngreatly owing to the corruption of the times\\nand the bankrupt condition of France.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0062.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "55\\nCESSION BY FRANCE TO SPAIN\\nCession by France of the Louisianvv Terri-\\ntory TO Spain, in 1762. The Parisian and\\nSpanish Codes in said Territory.\\nThe laws and customs of Paris were in force\\nin the dominion of Prance, in North America,\\nbefore the ceding of her possessions to England\\nby the treaty of Paris, February loth, 1763, also\\nby cession of the Louisiana Territory to Spain, by\\nsecret treaty of November 3d, 1762, not made\\nknown until April 12th, 1764.\\nDon Ulloa, appointed Governor-General of\\nLouisiana by Spain in 1767, arrived at New Or-\\nleans, with a company of infantry, to take posses-\\nsion in the name of his Spanish sovereign.\\nHe refused to show his authority to the Supe-\\nrior Council at New Orleans and other causes\\ninduced the citizens to take up arms against\\nSpain, Governor Ulloa was ordered to leave the\\ncity of New Orleans. He soon embarked with\\nhis troops on a Spanish vessel, and left the\\ncountry.\\nIn the meantime, Rios, a Spanish officer, was\\nsent to St. Louis, to take possession of Upper\\nLouisiana. He arrived in St. Louis with a\\nsmall body of troops on the nth of August, 1768.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0063.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "-56-\\nDuring his stay at St. Louis, he seems to have\\nexercised no civil authority, and only attempted\\nto take possession of the country.\\nSpain did not actually take possession of the\\nLouisiana Territory until Count O Reilly, a Span-\\nish officer, arrived in i\\\\evv Orleans, with a large\\nmilitary force, in August, 1769, when he issued\\nhis proclamation abolishing the French laws, and\\nsubtituted the Spanish code.\\nThe conveyance of the Louisiana Territory,\\ncreated great dissatisfaction amongst the French\\ninhabitants, who still claimed allegiance to France.\\nCount OTveilly, during his administration, in a\\ntyrannical manner arrested a nuniber of inHuential\\nFrench citizens, executed a few, imprisoned two\\nin Havana, Cuba, and maltreated others. The\\nsubstitution of the Spanish laws was confirmed by d\\nthe Spanish government on March 24, 1770.\\nThe Territory of Louisiana was retroceded by\\nSpain to France in the year 1800, and France,\\nby the treaty of 1803, ceded it to the United\\nStates, who took possession March 10, 1804.\\nThe acts of the United States Congress of\\nMarch 26, 1804, of 1805, and of June 1812, did\\nnot abrogate the Spanish laws. The act of Jan-\\nuary 19, 1816, of the Legislature of Missouri Ter- J\\nritory, attempting to introduce the common laws\\nof England, provided they were not repugnant to\\nthe United States laws and statutes of the then\\nTerritory of Missouri, by decisions of courts did\\nnot repeal former kuvs. It was the act of Feb-", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0064.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "57-\\nruary, 1825, of the Legislature of the State of\\nMissouri, which estabhshed the common law,\\nwhich abolished the Spanish code. The Spanish\\nlaws were in force in Upper Louisiana (now Mis-\\nsouri) from 1769 until 1825, excepted as modi-\\nfied by the Territorial Legislature of Missouri.\\nThe original grants of land in Upper Louisiana\\ndepended upon the grants made by Spanish offi-\\ncers and Spanish laws, hence the importance of\\nthe original land titles. The i)ublic records show\\nthat no lands in Upper Louisiana were attempted\\nto be granted until April 27, 1766 to 1770 by\\nSt Ange de Belle Rive. The grants made by\\nSt. Ange, without authority, were afterwards\\nexamined, surveyed and granted by Spanish\\nofficers on the 23d of May, 1772, during the ad-\\nministration of Lieutenant-Governor Don Pedro\\nPiernas, the then Spanish Governor of Upper\\nLouisiana.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0065.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "58\\nPART IV.\\nNAVIGATION IN THE WEST.\\nThe Naval Armamf:nt of the Spaniards on\\nTHE Mississippi in early Times. The\\nWestern Boatman. Introduction of\\nSteam Power.\\nThe Mississippi river, known as the Father\\nof Waters, takes its source from the great North-\\nWest, traversing an immense forest and country,\\nand rolhncr its vast waters to the Gulf of Mexico.\\nAt times it is filled with sand bars, snags, sawyers,\\nand drift wood. It is studded with numerous\\nand beautiful Islands. Its banks were originally\\ninhabited by several tribes of Indians and by\\nwild animals and fowls of every species. Its\\nbosom then, was only ruffled by the Indian bark\\ncanoe.\\nThe first discovery of this magnificent river,\\nwas by Ferdinand De Soto and his Spanish cav-\\naliers, fifty years after the discovery of America\\nby Columbus, in search of gold and precious met-\\nals, which was conducted in a spirit of brutality,\\navarice and religious zeal. It was in the year", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0066.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "59\\n1673. that Father Marquette, accompanied by\\nJoHet, and decked with a beautiful cahimet,\\nadorned with rich plumage, a gift from the Indian\\nwarriors of Illinois being the emblem of peace,\\ndescended this monarch river, from the Wiscon-\\nsin river to the Arkansas.\\nShortly after this, the immortal La Salle and\\narmament, in the year 1682, descended the Mis-\\nsissippi to the Gulf of Mexico, for commercial\\npurposes, and to erect the lilies of France over\\nits banks.\\nDuring the dominion of France and Spain\\nover the Mississippi river in early times, there\\nexisted along the banks of this river, a great num-\\nber of pirates, desperadoes and savages, who\\ncommitted many depredations upon the com-\\nmerce of the country, whilst robberies, murders,\\nand terrible crimes, were committed upon flat\\nand keel-boats, which navigated from St. Louis\\nand the Ohio river to New Orleans. They\\nwere the terror of boat-men, who had to pay\\ntribute to them, often at the sacrifice of life and the\\nloss of their cargoes. The principal places of\\nattack and refuge for these pirates and despera-\\ndoes, were at the Riviere des Liards (Cotton-\\nwood creek), also Grand Tower, half way between\\nSt. Louis and the Ohio river. These two places\\nwere the nucleus for the bands of marauders.\\nWhilst France waved her flag over Fort Char-\\ntres, in early times, a large keel-boat from New\\nOrleans, loaded with goods, provisions and am-", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0067.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "6o-\\nmunition, was captured at Grand Tower, by\\npirates and savages. The cargo was seized, and\\ncrew murdered with the exception of a young wo-\\nman from New Orleans, who wasgoing to join her\\nsister at the fort, but by some remarkable fortune\\nescaped at the time in the woods. She wandered up\\nthe bank of the river, suffering for want of food,\\nseverity of the weadier, and the terror of being\\ndiscovered, until she reached the high bluffs of\\nIllinois, and beheld the flag over F ort Chartres\\nto her great joy.\\nThis occurrence gave her new courage, and\\nshe proceeded on her way with torn clothes and\\nlacerated feet, until she fortunately reached Fort\\nChartres, and related the terrible fate of the\\nboat.\\nAt Be.\\\\usoleil Island.\\nWe give another incident of these piracies,\\nfrom the Great West In the year 1787, a\\nbarge richly laden, left New Orleans, bound for\\nSt. Louis. At Beausoleil Island the robbers\\nboarded the vessel, and ordered the crew below,\\nwith the owner, Mr. Beausoleil, among them.\\nHis whole fortune was in tliis barge, and now\\nas he was to be deprived of it, he was in agony.\\nBut all was saved to him through the heroic dar-\\ning of a negro, one of the crew.\\nThe negro Cacasotte was short and slender,\\nbut strong and active. As soon as the robbers", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0068.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "-6i\\nhad taken possession, Cacasotte appeared over-\\njoyed. He danced, sang, laughed, and soon\\ninduced them to beh eve that his elDulhtion of\\npleasure arose from their having liberated him\\nfrom slavery. His constant attention to their\\nsmallest wants won their confidence, and he alone\\nwas permitted to roam unmolested through the\\nvessel.\\nHaving so far effected his object, he seized the\\nfirst opportunity to speak to Mr, Beausoleil and\\nbeg permission to rid him of his dangerous\\nintruders.\\nHe laid his plan before his master, who, with\\na good deal of hesitation, acceded to it. Cac-\\nasotte was cook, and it was agreed between him\\nand his conspirators, likewise two negroes, that\\nthe signal for dinner should be the signal for\\naction. When the hour arrived, the robbers\\nassembled in considerable numbers on the deck,\\nand stationed themselves on the bow and stern,\\nand along the sides, to prevent any rising of\\nthe men. Cacasotte went among them with the\\nutmost unconcerned look and demeanor imag-\\ninable. As soon as his comrades had taken their\\nstation, he placed himself in the bow near one of\\nthe robbers, a stout, herculean fellow, who was\\narmed cap-a-pie.\\nCacasotte gave the preconcerted signal, and\\nimmediately the robber near him was struggling\\nin the water. With the speed of lightning he ran\\nfrom one robber to another, as they were sitting", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0069.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "62\\non the sides of the boat, and in a few seconds time\\nhad thrown several of them overboard. Then\\nseizing an oar, he struck on the head those who\\nhad attempted to save themselves by grappling\\nthe running board then shot with rifles that had\\nbeen dropped on deck, those who swam away.\\nIn the meantime his comrades had done almost as\\nmuch as their leader. The deck was soon cleared\\nand the robbers who remained below were too\\nfew to offer any resistance.\\nBut as these did not comprise all the band, they\\ncontinued their depredations until the next year,\\nwhen they were broken up and all kinds of mer-\\nchandise, the fruits of their depredations, were\\nfound on the Island.\\nL annee des Bateaux. 1788.\\nThe many depredations on the Mississippi\\nriver induced the Spanish Governor of Louisiana\\nto order that all the boats going up the river in\\nthe year 1788, should leave New Orleans togeth-\\ner, which formed that year an armed convoy ot\\nten boats, for the purpose of destroying the pirates\\non the river. This armament was very success-\\nful and resulted in the dispersion of these maraud-\\ners, the seizureof their stolen fire-arms, goods and\\nammunition, and the breaking up of their encamp-\\nments. That year became known as L annee\\ndes Dix Bateaux,", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0070.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "-63\\nSpanish Naval Armament.\\nA naval armament was ordered by Spain in die\\nyear 1797, on the Mississippi river, of several\\ngalleys of forty oars, commanded by Don Carlos\\nHoward, for the protection of Spanish commerce\\nand dominion over the Mississippi. This naval\\nexpedition consisted of one hundred oarsmen and\\nseamen, who organized in New Orleans and navi-\\ngated up the river, until they reached St. Louis\\nin safety. That year was known as, L annee\\ndes Galeres.\\nThe Western Boatmen.\\nPrevious to the introduction of steam-power\\non the Western waters, there existed a large num-\\nber of W^estern boatmen, who were a class of men\\nof great bravery, hardy, fearless, and of a des-\\nperate character. They were accustomed to\\nevery kind of dangers, privations and exposures;\\nwith their skiffs, canoes, pirogues, barges and\\nkeel-boats they navigated the Western waters, to\\ngreat distances, amidst a vast wilderness in the\\ntransportation of groceries, furs, and goods of all\\nkinds.\\nThe boatmen were roughly dressed, naked to\\nthe waist, sunburnt, developed herculean strength,\\npropelled their boats up and down the rivers,\\nwith their strong arms often used the cordel, and", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0071.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "-64-\\ncommon sails, when the weather was favorable.\\nAfter a day s of hard work, they took their ration\\nof whiskey, and, with a good appetite, ate their\\nsupper, consisting- of pork and hominy. They\\nthen stretched themselves with their blankets on\\nthe boat for rest, while lulled to sleep by the mu-\\nsic of the fiddle and the gushing of the waters.\\nThe steersman s horn called them in the early\\nmorning to the fillee and ]:)reakfast, then to\\ntheir hard toil as oarsmen for the day.\\nThe keel-boat men were fond of fist-fighting as\\na pastime and looked upon raftsmen and flat-\\nboatmen, as their enemies, which often brought a\\ncollision between them. Their arrival in port\\nwas the cause of general frolic amongst them,\\nwhen they indulged in all kinds of dissipation.\\nMike Fink, the Notorious Boatman.\\nThis notorious boatman of the West, was born\\nat Pittsburgh. In early youth his ruling passion\\nwas to become a boatman. He soon gratified his\\nambition and became notorious in this occupation.\\nHe was n(?arly six feet in height; his skin was\\ntanned by his great exposure to the weather he\\npossessed an herculean strength. His language\\nwas the half-horse and half- alligator dialect of that\\nrace of ]:)oatmen. lie was well acquainted with\\nthe navigation of the Western rivers and knew\\nhis business thorouohly.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0072.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "-65-\\nFink had always around him boon companions,\\nand his many dangerous fights gave him notoriety\\nand cliaracter, and are too numerous to relate.\\nHe was a splendid shot never missed the object\\nhe fired upon. His partner and j:)articular friend\\nCarpenter, was also a good shot. Mike and\\nCarpenter used to fill a tin-cup with whiskey, and\\nplacing it in turn on each other s head, shot at\\nit with a rifle, at the distance of seventy yards it\\nwas always bored through without injury, until\\nthey had a quarrel together, about a squaw, when\\nFink shot Carpenter. Fink was a reckless and\\npassionate man, and kept a mistress in every\\nport, which often brought him into trouljle. His\\ncareer was that ot a desperado.\\nWhilst in St. Louis, in about the year 1815,\\nbeing on his boat at St. Louis landing, he saw a\\nnegro standing on the river bank. Fink took up\\nhis rifle and shot off the poor fellow s heel. He\\nfell, badly wounded and crying murder. Fink\\nwas arrested, and found guilty by a jury. His\\njustification was that the fellow s heel projected\\ntoo far behind, preventing him wearing a genteel\\nboot, and he wished to correct the defect.\\nCaptain E. W. Gould states that Mike Fink\\nbegan his career as a spy and scout against\\nthe Indians along the Ohio during the war of\\n1812. Subsequently he became in succession a\\nboatman, a whiskey guzzler, a desperado and a\\ntrapper, in all of which vocations he attained the\\nfirst rank. The most marvelous tales are told of", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0073.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "66\\nMike s achievements in each of these branches of\\nendeavor, and what is known of him from the tes-\\ntimony of veracious eye-witnesses to his deeds\\nmakes-the wildest and most surprising of the sto-\\nries plausible. He was the best rifle shot in the\\nMississippi Valley, could, and often did, drink a\\ngallon of whiskey in twenty-four hours without\\nits making any perceptible change in his demea-\\nnor or language, and, according to his own state-\\nment, could outrun, outtop, outjump, throw\\ndown, drag out and lick any man in the coun-\\ntry. To which recapitulation of qualifications\\nhe used sometimes to add I am a Salt River\\nroarer I love the wimmen and am chuck full of\\nfight. Those who knew him said that physic-\\nally he was a model for a Hercules.\\nWhen during the 20 s by the introduction\\nof the steamboat, Mike found his occupation as a\\nflatboatman gone, he joined a party of Missouri\\ntrappers and went to the mouth of the Yellow-\\nstone, and at that place his career closes. One\\nday, while attempting to shoot at seventy yards\\ndistance a tin cup from a comrade s head, a feat\\nwhich he had accomplished often before, both in\\nhis sober and drunken moments, he killed the\\ncompanion. It was suspected that this was not an\\naccident, and a few weeks later, while under the\\ninfluence of whiskey, Mike confessed that he had\\ndone the deed intentionally, whereupon one of\\nthe dead man s friends killed him. With the", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0074.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "-67-\\nremoval of Mike Fink disappeared the last and\\nmost notable of the flatboatmen.\\nSteam Power Introduced on Western Rivers\\nIN 181I.\\nThe first steamer constructed, and propelled by\\nsteam on Western rivers, was the New Orleans,\\nat Pittsburgh in the year 1811. The plan of this\\nsteamer was made. by Robert Fulton. She was\\none hundred and sixteen feet long, by twetny feet\\nbeam, propelled by steam she was constructed\\nby Nicolas Roosevelt and some New York me\\nchanics. She was launched and ready for navi-\\ngation in the year 181 1, the year of the Great\\nComet, which appeared in the heavens, foretell-\\ning great events.\\nThe New Orleans made her first trip from\\nPittsburgh to Louisville on the Ohio river. The\\ncrew consisted of a captain, an engineer, a pilot,\\nsix hands, two women-servants, a cook and a\\nman- waiter. As she floated down the river, she\\ndrew much attention from the people, who stood\\non the banks to watch this first steamboat, and\\nhoping its success. The only passengers on\\nboard, at the time, were Mr. Roosevelt and wife.\\nThe great success of this enterprise, and the arri-\\nval of the steamer at Louisville, was commemo-\\nrated by a sumptuous dinner given to the crew\\nby the citizens of Louisville.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0075.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "68\\nThe New Orleans, not being then able to\\npass the Falls, returned to Pittsburgh and soon\\nagain descended the Ohio, passed the Falls, then\\nproceeded to New Orleans, were she arrived in\\nsafety, which became a triumph in steam naviga-\\ntion on the Western waters.\\nSteamboats. 1817.\\nIt was on the memorable day of June 17, 1817,\\nthat the first steamer named Pike, commanded\\nby Jacob Reed, steamed up the Mississippi above\\nthe mouth of the Ohio river, and entered the\\nport of St. Louis, which event seemed miraculous\\nto its inhabitants and the sons of the forest. It\\nwas but a few years afterwards, that nunierous\\nand splendid steamers could be seen with flying\\ncolors navigating the great waters of the West.\\nSuffice it to state, that what formerly took many\\nmonths navigation from New Orleans to St.\\nLouis, is now accomplished within five or six\\ndays, showing at this period the wonderful im-\\nprovement in steam navigation.\\nMissouri Kivi .k Navkjation.\\nIn 1819, the steamboat Independence, Cap-\\ntain Nelson, from Louisville, Kentucky, naviga-\\nted the Missouri river, as far as Old Chariton,\\nabove Glasgow, returned to Franklin, taking", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0076.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "-69-\\nfreight for Louisville. The first steamboat, up\\nthe Upper Mississippi, was the General Put-\\nnam, Moses D. Bates, Captain. It navigated\\nto Galena, Illinois, during the summer of 1825.\\nNavigation of Western Rivers by Steam-\\nPowER IN 1874.\\nThe commerce on Western rivers increased\\ngreatly by the introduction of steam power, for in\\nthe year 1874, the amount of tonnage afloat on\\nthe Western rivers, embraced 2,085 vessels of\\n400,718 tons of these, loi 7 were steamers regis-\\ntering 272,704 tons, and 633 barges registering\\n129,018 tons.\\nThe products of the Mississippi basin transpor-\\nted by river in 1874 were as follows\\nIndian Corn, bushels 626,369,442\\nWheat _ 214,305,341\\nOats 176,367,379\\nBarley _ 12,643,714\\nRye 6,508,7 17\\nTotal 1,035,194,584\\nCotton (Bales) _ _ 3,011,993\\nTobacco, Pounds 228,713,884\\nAverage loss annually then of vessels\\nand property on the rivers $3,225,444\\nAverage loss of lives (annually) 431\\nShowing the immense increase of commerce on\\nWestern rivers during a half century.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0077.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "70\\nPART V.\\nAMERICAN CONQUESTS.\\nThe Capture of Kaskaskia, of Cahokia and\\nViNCENNES BY CoL. RoGEKS ClARK, AND HIS\\nDefense of St. Louis in i 778-1 780.\\nDuring the most tryino- times of the American\\nRevokition, and whilst Patrick Henry, the great\\norator and statesman, was fortunately then the\\nGovernor of the commonwealth of Virginia, Col-\\nonel Rogers Clark seeing the great advantages\\nto accrue to Virginia, offered to its authorities\\nhis services in raising troops to take possession\\nof Illinois, which was then a vast country, north\\nof the Ohio river, occupied and claimed by the\\nBritish under the treaty of i 763\\nGovernor Henry, without the concin-rence of\\nthe Colonial Congress, but with the advice of\\nThomas Jefferson, George Mason, and (George\\nWhyte, concluded in the name of Virginia to\\nempower Colonel Clark to raise troops to invade\\nIllinois, and more specially to capture Kaskaskia\\nand establish a fort near the mouth of the Ohio.\\nGovernor Patrick Henry on the 2d January i 778,", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0078.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "71\\ngave private instructions to Col. George Rogers\\nClark.\\nColonel Clark immediately commenced organ-\\nizing his Virginia riflemen, and proceeded to\\nFort Pitt for ammunition from thence descended\\nthe Ohio river, and formed a camp, known as\\nCorn Island, opposite the present city of Louis-\\nville, Ky. After organizing his troops there, he\\nleft his camp June 24, 1778, for the Illinois coun-\\ntry. He descended the Ohio river in keel-boats,\\nas far as the mouth of the Tennessee river, when\\nhe met a party of hunters, amongst them John\\nDuff, who was direct from Kaskaskia, and gave\\nhim important information. John Saunders was\\nemployed as a guide to conduct Colonel Clark to\\nKaskaskia. From the Tennessee river they pro-\\nceeded further down the Ohio to Fort Mas-\\nsacre, being forty miles above its mouth.\\nGovernor Reynolds of Illinois says:\\nThe reason ot this fort acquiring its name, is\\na little singular. The Indians of the south side\\nof the Ohio, opposite this fort, covered them-\\nselves with bear skins, and imitated the bear\\nwith their movements, on a sandy beach of the\\nriver. The French soldiers in the garrison, sup-\\nposed them true and genuine bears, crossed the\\nriver to have a bear hunt, but sorely did they\\nsuffer for it the Indians threw off their bear skins\\nand massacred the soldiers.\\nThis Fort Massacre, now called Fort Massac,", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0079.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "was built in the year 1758, but in the year 1711\\nwas a missionary station.\\nFrom here Clark, through the wilderness and\\nprairies took a direct course as possible to Kas-\\nkaskia, and by his activity and boldness captured\\nFort Gage and Kaskaskia July 4th, 1778 without\\nthe loss of a man. The post of Kaskaskia was\\nat the time under the command of M. Roche-\\nblave, a French officer, who acted under English\\nauthority. He was made a prisoner, and sent to\\nVirginia. When Kaskaskia was captured, its\\ninhabitants were much alarmed and seized with\\ngreat fear on account of the presence of the troops\\nof Virginia. Men, women, and children were\\nheard lamenting and screaming, Les longs\\nCouteaux\\nColonel Clark soon brought order out of con-\\nfusion, and told the inhabitants that he antl his\\nsoldiers came amongst them as friends and not\\nas enemies. When assured of this, and inform-\\ned that France had made an alliance with the\\nAmericans, these compeers of Lafayette immedi-\\nately accepted allegiance to Virginia. They all\\nassembled at the old Catholic church. The Te\\nDe2ii7i was loudly chanted and the old bells rang\\ntheir joyful peal.\\nKaskaskia was then populated by b renchmen\\nand Canadians, with a jjopulation of over one\\nthousand, and contained about two hundred an4\\nfifty dwellings.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0080.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "73\\nColonel Clark immediately despatched Captain\\nBowen, with a company, accompanied by some\\nof the French soldiers from Kaskaskia, who took\\npossession of Cahokia without trouble or blood-\\nshed.\\nCaptain Helm, with a small force, accompanied\\nby Father Gibault, the Catholic pastor of Kaskas-\\nkia, was sent to take possession of Vincennes,\\nwhich was done, with the inhabitants, who also\\ntook allegiance to Virginia.\\nGovernor Hamilton of Detroit, the British offi-\\ncer in command, hearing of the capture of the\\nplace by Captain Helm, determined to retake it,\\nwhich he did, December 15, 1777. Colonel\\nClark, being informed of this, was determined to\\nretake the position. He immediately ordered\\nand armed a Mississippi naval boat at Kaskaskia,\\ncommanded by Captain Rogers, with forty-six\\nmen, mounted with two four-pounders and six\\nswivels, being the first naval armament in the\\nWest. They were to descend the Kaskaskia\\nand Mississippi, and to proceed up the Ohio and\\nWabash rivers, to be in position to serve at Vin-\\ncennes Colonel Clark, with his troops and the\\nassistance of soldiers from Kaskaskia and from\\nCahokia. One company, organized from Caho-\\nkia, was commanded by the brave Chevalier\\nMc Carty, and the one from Kaskaskia was com-\\nmanded by Captain Francis Charleville. Captain\\nCharleville, was the son of Joseph Chauvin, mar-\\nquis de Charleville. The Charleville family bore", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0081.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "74-\\nan honorable name. Captain Francis Charleville\\nleft twin sons, Jean Baptiste and Charles, who\\nsettled in St, Genevieve district. These two sons\\nserved in the war of 1812 under General Dodge.\\nThe other son, named Joseph, emigrated to\\nSt. Louis, and left numerous descendants in that\\ncity.\\nColonel Clark, proceeding by land, by forced\\nmarches and much suffering, appeared before\\nFort Sackville and Vincennes, attacked the\\nBritish and Indians, and captured both places on\\nthe 24th day of February, 1779. Governor\\nHamilton and troops were made prisoners and he\\nwas sent under strong guard to Virginia.\\nThe house of burgesses of Virginia in October,\\n1778, made John Todd lieutenant-colonel civil\\ncommander of Kaskaskia and of Illinois country.\\nDuring these campaigns, Cahokia was under\\ncharge of Captain Bowman, Kaskaskia under\\nCaptain Williams, and Vincennes under Captain\\nHelm.\\nColonel Clark, in the summer of 1779 embark-\\ned in his galliy, commanded by Captain Rogers,\\nby the way of the Wabash, Ohio and Mississippi\\nreturning to Kaskaskia from Vincennes. While\\nat Kaskaskia in the latter part of 1779, he was\\nadvised tlirougli his scouts that British soldiers\\nand Indians from the lakes, contemplated an\\nattack upon St. Louis. He offered his services\\nto tlic authorities of that post. But Governor\\nLeyba, then commander of the post, declined to", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0082.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "75\\naccept the same, the post of St. Louis at the time\\nbeing in Upper Louisiana and under the Spanish\\nflag.\\nWhen the inhabitants of St. Louis saw the\\ndanger that threatened them, they sent word to\\nColonel Clark, at Kaskaskia, to come to their\\nrescue. Colonel Clark in the mean time had\\nkept a rigid watch upon the movements of the\\nBritish and Indians in Illinois, When he heard\\nof the approach of the enemy in their intended\\nattack upon the post of St. Louis, he marched his\\ntroops to Cahokia, and also opposite to St. Louis.\\nThis movement of his, produced terror amongst\\nthe British and Indians, and caused this hostile\\nforce to abandon their project. Shortly after\\nthis. Colonel Clark sent a detachment of one hun-\\ndred and fifty men to Prairie Des Chiens, and\\nacross the Rock and Illinois rivers and down to\\nKaskaskia, commanded by Captain John Mont-\\ngomery. The Indians were struck with terror,\\nsaying, if so few dare to follow them They would\\nfight like devils.\\nThere can be no doubt in this matter, after\\nthe statements of such historians as Benton,\\nMonette, Judges Martin, Drake and others, and\\nespecially of Amos Stoddard, a captain of artil-\\nlery in the service of the United States, who took\\npossession of Upper Louisiana in March, 1804,\\nin the name of the United States. Is it probable\\nthat Colonel Clark, knowing of this contemplated\\nattack, would permit British troops and Indians,", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0083.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "-76-\\nwith whom he was at war, to cross the IlHnois\\ncountry to take an important post but one half a\\nday s march, from Cahokia and Kaskaskia, and\\nto snatch from him his laurels and conquest?\\nHence Colonel Clark was prepared for this inva-\\nsion with his usual foresight and talent movincr\\nhis forces from Kaskaskia and Cahokia, to oppo-\\nsite the post of St. Louis, and was ready to act\\nwith promptness in case of necessity, which he did,\\nand caused a panic amongst the British and war-\\nriors, which prevented the post of St. Louis from\\nbeing sacked and made a British post. It is\\nwell known that Governor Leyba was shortly\\nafterwards removed from office. What, with\\nthis treachery and with the enemy s strength, pre-\\nvented St. Louis from being captured, if it had\\nnot been for the noble and chivalrous Clark?\\nSuch is the correct history of what is known\\nas L annee du Coup.\\nIn accordance with Governor Patrick Henry s\\ninstructions of January 2, 1778, Colonel Clark,\\nduring the spring of 1780, established Fort Jeff-\\nerson, below the mouth of the Ohio, in the coun-\\ntry of the Chickasaw Indians. It was soon after\\nthe attack on St. Louis, that Colonel Clark, with\\na force descended the Kaskaskia and Mississippi\\nrivers, with his naval armament, carrying cannon\\nand anmiunition from Fort Gage and Kaskaskia,\\nto Fort Jefi erson, being not over three days\\nnavicration.\\nColonel Clark left hort Jefferson in the month", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0084.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "11\\nof June, 1780, when he had scarcely finished his\\nlabors at this fort, owing to Colonel Byrd s inva-\\nsion of the Licking in Kentucky. Colonel Byrd\\nhad then captured two northern stations in that\\nstate. Colonel Clark immediately resolved to go\\nto Harodsburg. For this purpose he disguised\\nhimself, with two companions, as savages, and\\namid ereat dangers soon reached there. Thence\\nhe proceeded to Louisville and arrived there July\\n14, 1780, where in August, 1780, he took com-\\nmand of a regiment of mounted volunteers,\\nto invade the Great Miami. In the same\\nyear Colonel Clark took command of the\\nKentucky militia, with the title of brigadier-gen-\\neral. In April, 1781, Clark returned to Fort\\nJefferson to defend it against the Chickasaw\\nwarriors headed by Colbert, a half-bred chief.\\nShortly afterward the fort was dismantled by\\norder of Virginia, when the Chickasaw Indians\\nceased their hostilities.\\nColonel Clark occupied the Illinois country\\nfrom the taking of Kaskaskia, July 4th, 1778, to\\nJune, 1780, and had in less than two years con-\\nquered it, having possession of Cahokia, Kaskas-\\nkia, Vincennes and Fort Jefferson, in the mean-\\ntime makinor valuable treaties with the different\\ntribes of Indians. These military achievements\\nin so short a time required all his personal atten-\\ntion, and his exploits certainly, under the many\\ndifficulties are wonderful and extraordinary. Col-\\nonel Clark s bravery, activity and genius, saved", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0085.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "-78-\\nSt. Louis and Illinois and prevented them from\\nfalling under the English rules. General George\\nRoofers Clark deserves for this Q-reat and magni-\\nficent domain acquired to the United States the\\ngratitude of its citizens, and more especially of\\nthis great Valley.\\nIt is not my purpose at this time to follow fur-\\nther his military career sufficient to say that\\nafter the services he had rendered he was des-\\ntined like great benefactors to become poor and\\ndestitute, until Virginia presented him with a\\nsword and $400 annual allowance.\\nGeneral Clark died at Locust Grove, near\\nLouisville, at the residence of his brother-in-law,\\nMajor Croghan.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0086.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "79\\nHISTORY OF FORT JEFFERSON.\\nEstablisii?:d in 1780.\\nIn accordance with Governor P. Henry s ins-\\ntructions, January 28, 1778 and the subsequent\\norders of Governor Thomas Jefferson, of Vir-\\nginia, during- the spring of i 780, Colonel George\\nRogers Clark established Fort Jefferson. This\\nfort was built four miles below the Ohio river, on\\nthe Mississippi, above May field creek, which is\\nopposite Island No. i, in the then country of the\\nChickasaw and Cnerokee Indians. It was soon\\nafter the attack on St. Louis May, 26, 1780, that\\nCol. Clark, June 4, 1780, with a force descended\\nthe Kaskaskia and Mississippi rivers, with his\\nnaval armament, carrying cannons and ammuni-\\ntions from Forts Gage and Kaskaskia to erect\\nFort Jefterson, being not over three days navi-\\ngation from Kaskaskia.\\nFort Jefferson was attacked in the summer of\\nI 78 1, by the Chickasaws and other Indian war-\\nriors, headed by Colbert, a Scotchman. After a\\nfew days siege it was relieved by Colonel Rogers\\nClark, which forced these savages to retreat.\\nThis fort was shortly afterwards abandoned by\\norders of Virginia.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0087.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "8o-\\nWe give the graphic description of this fort\\nby Governor Reynolds, of IlHnois\\nIn 1780, the Government of Virginia, the great\\nstatesman Thomas Jefferson, being Governor,\\nknew that the Spanish Crown pretended to have\\nsome claim on the country east of the Mississippi,\\nbelow the mouth of the Ohio and to counteract\\nthis claim, ordered George Rogers Clark to erect\\na fort on the east side of the Mississippi, on the\\nfirst eligible point below the mouth of the Ohio,\\nGeneral Clark, with his accustomed foresight\\nand extraordinairy energy, levied a considerable\\nnumber of citizen soldiers, and proceeded from\\nKaskaskia to the high land, known at this day\\nas Mayfield s creek, five miles below the mouth of\\nthe Ohio. Here, on the east side of the Missis-\\nsippi, he erected a fort, and called it Jefferson, in\\nhonor of the then Governor of Virginia. It was\\nneglected to obtain the consent of the Indians for\\nthe erection of the fort, as the Governor of Vir-\\nginia had re(|uested. This neglect proved to be a\\ngreat calamity. Clark encouraged immigration\\nto the fort, and promised the setders lands.\\nCaptain Piggot and many others followed his\\nstandard.\\nThe fort being established, Gentn-al Clark was\\ncalled away to the frontiers of Kentucky, and left\\nthe fort for its protection in the hands of Captain\\nPieeot, and the soldiers and citizens under him.\\nCapitain Piggot was a native of Connecticut,\\nand engaged in the privateering service in the", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0088.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "Revolutionary war. He was in danger of assas-\\nsination by the enemy in his native State, and\\nemigrated to Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania.\\nHe was appointed captain of a company in the\\nRevolution by the Legislature of his adopted\\nState, and served under Generals St. Clair and\\nWashington. He was in the battles of Brandy-\\nwine, Saratoga, and marched to Canada. By\\nsevere marches and hard service, his health was\\nimpaired so that he was forced to resign his cap-\\ntaincy, and with his family, he left his residence\\nin Westmoreland county and came west with\\nGeneral Clark.\\nSeveral families settled in the vicinity ot Fort\\nJefferson, and some in it but all attempted to\\ncultivate the soil to some extent for a living.\\nThe Chickasaw and Choctaw Indians became\\nangry for the encroachments of the whites, and in\\nAugust, 1 781, commenced an attack on the\\nsettlements arour:d the fort. The whole number of\\nwarriors must have been ten or twelve hundred,\\nheaded by the celebrated Scotchman Colbert,\\nwhose posterity figured as half-breeds. These\\ntribes commenced hostilities on the settlements\\naround the fort. The Indians came first in small\\nparties, which saved many of the inhabitants. If\\nthey had reached the settlement in a body, the\\nwhole white population outside of the tort would\\nhave been destroyed.\\nAs soon as the preparation for the attack of\\nthe Indians on the fort was certainly known, a", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0089.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "82-\\ntrusty messenger was dispatched to the Falls of\\nthe Ohio, as it was called at that day and for years\\nafterwards, for more provisions and ammunition.\\nIf support did not arrive in time, the small settle-\\nments and garrison would be destroyed, and it\\nwas extremely uncertain if succor would reach\\nthe fort in time.\\nThe settlement and fort were in the greatest\\ndistress almost starving, no ammunition, and\\nsuch ereat distance Irom the settlements at Kas-\\nkaskia and the Falls.\\nThe first parties of Indians killed many of the\\nnhabitants before they could be moved to the\\nfort, and there were great danger and distress\\nin marchincr them into it. Also the sickness pre-\\nvailed to such an extent, that more than half were\\ndown sick at the time. The famine was so dis-\\ntressing, that it was said they had to eat the\\npumpkins as soon as the blossoms fell oft the\\nvines. This Indian marauding and murdering\\nprivate persons, and families, lasted almost two\\nweeks before the main army of Indian warriors\\nreached the fort. The soldiers aided and receiv-\\ned in the fort ail the white population that could\\nbe moved.\\nThe whole family of Mr. Music, except him-\\nself, was killed and inhumanely butchered by the\\nenemy. Many other persons were also killed.\\nIn the skirmishes a white man was taken pris-\\noner, who was compelled, to save his life, to re-\\nport l/ie true stale oj tJie garrison. This inform-", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0090.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "-83-\\nation added fury to the already heated passions\\nof the savages.\\nAfter the arrival of the warriors, with Colbert\\nat their head, they besieged the fort for six days\\nand niehts. Durincr this time no one can describe\\nthe misery and distress the garrison was doomed\\nto suffer. The water had almost given out. The\\nriver was fallincr fast, and the water in the wells\\nsank with the river. Scarcely any provisions re-\\nmained, and the sickness raged so in the fort,\\nthat many could not be stirred from the beds.\\nThe wife of Captain Piggot, and some others,\\ndied in the fort, and were buried inside ot the\\nwalls, while the Indians besieged the outside. If\\nno relief came, the garrison would inevitably fall\\ninto the hands of the Indians and be murdered.\\nIt was agreed by the Indians with the white\\nprisoner, that if he told the truth, they would\\nspare his life. He told them truly, that more\\nthan half in the fort were sick that each man had\\nnot more than three rounds of ammunition, and\\nthat scarcely any provisions were in the garrison.\\nOn receiving this information, the whole Indian\\narmy retired about two miles, to hold a council.\\nThey sent back Colbert and three chiefs with a\\nflag of truce to the fort.\\nWhen the whites discovered the white flag,\\nthey sent out Captain Piggot, M. Owens, and one\\nother man, to meet the Indian delegation. This\\nwas done for fear the enemy would know the\\ndesperate condition of the fort. The parley", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0091.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "-84-\\nwas conducted under the range of the guns of\\nthe garrison.\\nColbert informed them that they were sent to\\ndemand a surrender of the fort at discretion that\\nthey knew the defenseless condition of the fort,\\nand to surrender it might save much bloodshed.\\nHe further said that they had sent a great force\\nof warriors up the river to intercept the succor for\\nwhich the whites had sent a messenger. This\\nthe prisoner had told them. Colbert promised he\\nwould do his best to save the lives of the prison-\\ners, all if they would surrender, except a few,\\nwhom the Indians had determined to kill. He\\nsaid, the Indians are pressing for the spoils, and\\nwould not wait long-. He eave the garrison one\\no o o\\nhour for a decision.\\nOn receiving this information, the garrison\\nhad an awful and gloomy scene presented to them.\\nOne person exclaimed Great God direct us\\nwhat to do in this terrible crisis\\nAfter mature deliberation, Piggot, and the\\nother delegates were instructed to say, that\\nnothing would be said, as to the information\\nreceived from the prisoner. If we deny his state-\\nments, you may kill him we cannot confide in\\nyour promises to protect us but we will promise,\\nIf the Indians will leave the country, the garrison\\nwill abandon the fort and the country as soon as\\npossible. Colbi^rt agreed to submit this proposi-\\ntion in council to the warriors. But on retiring,\\nMr. Music, whose family was murdered, and an-", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0092.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0093.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0094.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "85\\nother man, shot at Colbert, and a ball wounded\\nhim. This outrage was gready condemned by\\nthe earrison. and the two transgressors were\\no\\ntaken into custody. The wound of Colbert was\\ndressed, and he i^uarded safely to the Indians.\\nThe warriors remained long in council, and by\\na kind providential act, the long wished for suc-\\ncor did arrive in safety from the Falls.\\nThe Indians had struck the river too high up,\\nthereby the boat with the supplies escaped. The\\nprovisions and men were hurried into the fort,\\nand preparations were made to resist a night\\nattack by the warriors.\\nEvery preparation that could be made for the\\ndefense of the fort was accomplished. The sick\\nand small cbildren were placed out o( tne way of\\nthe combatants, and all the women and children of\\nany size were instructed in the art ot dctense.\\nThe warriors, shortly after dark, thought they\\ncould steal on the fort and capture it but when\\nthey were frustrated, they with hideous yells\\nand loud, savage demonstrations, assaulted the\\ngarrison, and attempted to storm it. The cannon\\nhad been placed in proper position to rake the\\nwalls, and when the warriors mounted the ram-\\nparts, the cannon swept them off in heaps. The\\nenemy kept up a stream of fire from their rifles\\non the crarrison, which did not much e.xecution.\\nIn this manner the battle raged for hours; but at\\nlast the enemy were forced to recoil, and withdrew\\nfrom the deadly cannon of the fort. Colbert and", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0095.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "86\\nother chiefs again urged the warriors to the\\ncharge but the same result to retire was forced\\non them again. Men and women on that day-\\nwere sokhers by instinct. It seemed they could\\nnot be otherwise.\\nThe greatest danger was for fear the fort would\\nbe set on fire. A large dauntless Indian, painted\\nfor the occasion, by some means got on the top\\nof one of the block houses, and was applying fire\\nto the roof. A white soldier, of equal courage,\\nwent out of the block house and shot the Indian,\\nas he was blowing the fire to the building. The\\nIndian fell dead on the outside of the fort and\\nwas packed off by his comrades.\\nAfter a large and arduous battle, the Indians\\nwithdrew from the fort. They w^ere satisfied\\nthey had attacked the garrison, and they could\\nnot storm it. They packed off all the dead and\\nwounded. Many were killed and wounded of the\\nIndians, as much blood was discovered in the\\nmorning around the fort. Several of the whites\\nwere also wounded, but not mortally. This was\\none of the most desperate assaults made by the\\nIndians in the West, on a garrison so weak and\\ndistressed and defenseless.\\nI he whites were rejoiced at their success, and\\nmade preparations to abandon the j)remises with\\nall convenient speed.\\nThe citizen soldiers at b ort Jefferson, all aban-\\ndoned the fort and some wended their way to", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0096.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "-87-\\nKaskaskia, and others to the Falls. Captain Pig-\\ngot, with many oi his brave companions, arrived\\nat Kaskaskia, and remained there some years.\\nThis flood of brave and enero-etic emiorants,\\nso early as the year 1781, was the first consider-\\nable acquisition of American population Illinois\\nreceived. Many of the most worthy and respect-\\nable families of Illinois can trace back their line-\\nage to this illustrious and noble ancestry, and\\ncan say, with pride and honor, that their fore-\\nfathers fought in the Revolution to conquer the\\nValley of the Mississippi.\\nAbout the year 1783, Captain Piggot establish-\\ned a fort not far from the bluff in the American\\nBottom, west of the present town of Columbia,\\nin Monroe county, which was called Piggot s Fort,\\nor the Fort of the Grand Ruisseau. This was\\nthe largest fortification erected by the Americans\\nin Illinois, and at that day was well defended\\nwith cannon and small arms. In 1790, Captain\\nPiggot and forty-five other inhabitants at this fort,\\nsometimes called Big Run in English, signed a\\npetition to Governor St. Clair, praying for grants\\nof land to the settlers. It is stated in that petition,\\nthat there were seventeen families in the Fort.\\nI presume it was on this petition that the Act\\nof Congress was passed granting to every setder\\non the public land in Illinois four hundred acres\\nand a militia donation of one hundred acres to\\neach man enrolled in the militia service of that\\nyear.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0097.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "88\\nGovernor St. Clair knew the character of\\nCaptain Piggot in the army of the Revohition,\\nand appointed him the presiding Judge of the\\nCourt of St. Clair county.\\nCaptain Piggot, in the year 1795, established\\nthe first ferry across the Mississippi, opposite\\nSt. Louis, Mo., known now as Wiggin s ferry\\nand Governor Irudeau, ol Louisiana, gave him\\nlicense for a ferry and to land on the west bank\\nof the river in St. Louis, with the privilege to\\ncollect the ferriage. He died at the ferry, oppo-\\nsite St. Louis, in the year 1 799, after having\\nspent and active and eventful life in the Revo-\\nlution, and in the conquest and early settlement\\nof the West.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0098.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "89\\nPART VI.\\nI. THE ST. GENEVIEVE DISTRICT.\\nHISTORY OF ST. GENEVIEVE.\\nLe Vieux Viixage.\\nPrevious to the settlement of Le vieux village\\nde Ste-GeJievieve, Francis Renault, of France,\\nAgent of the Company of the West, estab-\\nlished himself near Fort Chartres, Illinois, with\\nhis two hundred miners and five hundred slaves\\nin the year 1720. Immediately he crossed the\\nMississippi river, and overrun the district of St.\\nGenevieve, with his miners, and slaves, and com-\\nmenced mining for precious metals, succeeding\\nonly in discovering lead mines, and to this day\\ncan be seen the marks and diggings, over this\\nwhole district, of his exploring and mining opera-\\ntions,\\nRenault s only success was the smelting of\\nlad, which was conveyed to Fort Chartres on\\npack horses until 1735.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0099.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "90-\\nSt. Genevieve District.\\nThis original district under the French and\\nSpaniards, was bounded north by the Merrimac\\nriver; south by the Riviere a la Pomme (Apple\\ncreek) east by the Mississippi and fronting same\\none hundred miles west, never designated.\\nThe same district was again re-established by\\nGovernor William Harrison, when Governor of\\nIndiana Territory, by proclamation of October\\nI St, 1804. This district possesses agricultural\\nresources and mineral wealth unsurpassed in any\\ncountry in the world. The first mining opera-\\ntion in Upper Louisiana, was by Sieur de Lo-\\nchan, on the Merrimac river, below St. Louis;\\nthe said mine, was worked under the care ot a\\nSpaniard, named Antonio, and by La Renau-\\ndiere under Renault. Francis Renault, the agent\\nof the Company of the West, left France in\\nI 719, under the auspices of that company with\\ntwo hundred miners provided with mining tools.\\nOn his passage to New Orleans he touched at St.\\nDomingo, were he purchased five hundred slaves.\\nHe then proceeded to Kaskaskia and Fort Char-\\ntres for tlie purpose of mining in Illinois ami\\nMissouri.\\nIn 1720, near Fort Chartres, Renault built the\\nvillage of St. Philip. He then crossed the Mis-\\nsissippi, and discovered the lead mines ot Potosi,\\nnow Washington county, which yet bear the", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0100.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "9i\\nname of Renault Mines. He afterwards returned\\nto France in 1742. Durin^r this period in 1720\\nMine Lamotte was discovered by Lamotte, one\\nof the agents of Renault these mines are situ-\\nated on the St. Francis river, now Madison\\ncounty, in the State of Missouri. Another large\\nlead field, called Mine a Breton, near Potosi,\\nwas discovered by Asa Breton in the year 1763.\\nBreton was a native of France, and born in the\\nvear 1710, and served in the armies of France.\\nHe emigrated to this country in early times. In\\nthe year 1755 he took part in the defeat of Brad-\\ndock s troops, at Fort Duquesne, now Pittts-\\nburgh. Breton came to Upper Louisiana, now\\nMissouri, and became a hunter and miner. Whilst\\nhunting he discovered the Breton Mines.\\nWhen advanced to a great age, he lived with the\\nMicheau family, at Little Rock Ferry, two miles\\nabove the then town of St. Genevieve. Breton\\nwas a man of ro1)ust constitution, and of great\\nactivity. Li his old age, he would walk to the\\nchurch regularly every Sabbath day to St. Gene-\\nvieve. He died March Tst 182 i, and was buried\\nin the Catholic cemetery, at St. Genevieve, by\\nReverend Father Henry Pratte, parish priest. He\\nlived to the extraordinary age of one hundred\\nand eleven years.\\nMoses Austin, an American from Virginia, but\\na native of Connecticut, he was fortunate in\\n1797 in obtaining a grant of land from the Span-\\nish government, which tract embraced part of the", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0101.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "Breton Mines, containing one league, upon\\nwhich he sunk several shafts, and erected the\\nfirst reverbatory furnace for the smelting of lead,\\nat Potosi, Missouri. Austin made to the United\\nStates Government a valuable report of the Mis-\\nsouri lead mines, February 13. 1804, showing the\\nimmense lead fields in Upper Louisiana.\\nWe are further indebted to Professor School-\\ncraft for his report on these mines in the year\\n1819; also to the Geological survey of the State\\nof Missouri, conducted by scientific men. The\\nlead from these mines was first taken to Fort\\nChartres on pack horses afterwards to St. Gen-\\nevieve in the old French carts, and then shipped\\nto New Orleans and on the Ohio river in flat and\\nkeel boats.\\nIron Mountain.\\nDuring these early lead discoveries, in the\\nmidst of a vast wilderness, there stood 42 miles\\nwest of St. Genevieve, now Missouri, the most\\nextraordinary and immense deposit of iron ores\\ntliat the world ever produced, known as Iron\\nMountain and Pilot Knob, with its adjacent\\niron deposits. The original height of the Iron\\nMountain was 228 feet above the valley, its base\\ncovered an area of 500 acres of land, its shape was\\nof a conical character. The Pilot Knob, lying", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0102.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0103.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0104.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "93\\nsix miles south of the Iron Mountain, had an\\nelevation of 440 feet above its base, covered an\\narea of 553 acres. It rises like a pyramid to the\\nclouds.\\nThe Iron Mountain was an original grant by\\nthe Spaniards to the Francis Valle heirs, contain-\\ning twenty-four thousand acres of land, which was\\nconfirmed to Joseph Pratte by Congress July 4,\\n1836. The Pilot Knob was public land belong-\\ning to the U. S. Government, and was after-\\nwards entered as such by Livingston Van Doren,\\nHenry Pease, and J. D. Peers in the year 1836.\\nThese last parties named purchased the Iron\\nMountain property and formed a corporation of\\nthese two valuable properties, known as the Mis-\\nsouri Iron Company, by an act of the Missouri\\nLegislature of Dec, 31st, 1836, with a capital of\\nfive millions of dollars, contemplating the erec-\\ntion of iron furnaces, and the project of a railroad\\nfrom these iron deposits to the Mississippi river.\\nNotwithstanding these flattering prospects of suc-\\ncess by this Missouri Iron Company, it failed\\nin its projects.\\nOther parties after this organized a corporation\\nof the Pilot Knob and Sheppard TVlountain in a\\ncompany known as the Madison Iron and Min-\\ning Company, established in November, 1843,\\nunder the management of Hon. Conrad C. Zieg-\\nler and Evariste Pratte.\\nThe Iron Mountain was organized in a separ-\\nate company under the style of American Iron", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0105.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "-94-\\nCompany, in the year 1845. was composed\\nof Pierre Chouteau, FeHx Valle, James Harrison,\\nC. C. Ziegler, John P. Scott, August Belmont,\\nSamuel Ward and Evariste Pratte.\\nThese iron deposits remained unproductive and\\nunworked until 1845 Iron Mountain and 1847\\nat Pilot Knob, when at these two periods a large\\nforce was used to mine these iron ores. Mr.\\nFeatherstonbaugh s geologist report to Congress\\nin 1836 stated, There was a single locality of\\niron offering all the resources of Sweden, and of\\nwhich it was impossible to estimate the value by\\nany other terms than of a nation s want. Mr.\\nC. A. Zietz, of New York, with large experience\\nin iron works, in the year 1837 stated that the\\niron ores of these mountains bear 70 per cent.,\\nbeing of the best quality. It is readily wrought\\ninto good bar iron or steel from the native ore in\\na common blacksmith fire and that, horseshoes,\\nknife blades and hatchets of this ore are frequent-\\nly made in common blacksmith shops that they\\nare the best ores that he saw in Europe. The\\nopinions of Professors SchoolcraJt, Sheppard ;uid\\nNicolet all point out the great value ot this extra-\\nordinary deposit of iron, which is confirmed by\\nthe geological survey made by the State of Mis-\\nsouri.\\nIhe first shipment in Missouri of iron trom\\nIron Mountain and Pilot Knob to St. Genevieve\\nover the plank road was in 1853.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0106.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "95\\nComparative Table.\\nPig metal shipped\\nUp Ohio River 2.li9tons.\\nTo St. Louis 1. 317 tons.\\nI otal 3 436 tons\\nBlooms shipped\\nUp Ohio River 1 1 097 pieces, 1.313,857 lbs.\\nTo St. Louis 4,oS9 pieces, 691.9231118.\\nTotal 2 005. 7S0 lbs.\\nLeft at St. Genevieve for shipment\\nPig metal 3,000 tons.\\nBlooms 400 tons.\\nGreat increase of mineral wealth in Missouri in 1874\u00e2\u0080\u0094 disposed annually\\nin St Louis\\nLead $3,000,000.\\nIron 3.C0C.000.\\nCoal 1,000,000.\\nFire Clay 500,000.\\nSpelter and Zinc ores 500,000.\\nCobalt and Nickel 100.000.\\nKaolin. Ochres and other Minerals 400,000.\\nGranite and Sandstones 500.000.\\nThe annual mineral wealth of Missouri then\\naororeeated about ten millions of dollars.\\nAround these iron deposits lay large o-ranite\\nfields, one known as Granite Mountain, south-\\nwest of Iron Mountain also the Syenitic\\nGranite lying east of Pilot Knob. South-\\nwest of Pilot Knob exists a valuable marble quar-\\nry. Throughout this old St. Genevieve district\\nexist large quantities of building materials, and\\nminerals of various kinds.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0107.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "-96-\\nMiners and other explorers settled in this dis-\\ntrict, valuables mines were excavated by them,\\nand now bear their names. Within a circle of fifty\\nmiles from the town of St. Genevieve, no country\\npresented such mineral wealth. The town of St.\\nGenevieve from the earliest times (1735 to 1855)\\nwas the only prominent depot for all the minerals\\nof Upper Louisiana. When we examine the sta-\\ntistics of the mineral fields of the world, we find\\nthere is no part of the globe, except the St.\\nGenevieve district, embracing such varieties and\\nabundance of minerals and building materials.\\nIn the old world, they find minerals buried\\nbeneath the ground, while here how difi erent the\\nscene presented to the vision of mortal man\\nWe see vast regions of minerals rising from the\\nearth, forming mountains and pyramids, kissing\\nthe rising sun and brilliantly glowing in their\\ncrystal-like clusters.\\nThe Old Town of St. Genevieve.\\nThe original St. Genevieve was known by the\\nthe name of Le vieux Village, the old\\ntown was located about three miles south of the\\npresent St. Genevieve, in what is known as Le\\nGrand Champ the big field, and was settled in\\nthe year 1735, being the oldest settlement in for-\\nmer Upper Louisiana, a portion of which is now", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0108.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "97\\nMissouri, west of the Mississippi river. The old\\ntown was abandoned in 1785, on account of the\\ngreat flood of the Feather of Waters during\\nthat year, and known among its inhabitants as\\nI annee des grandes eaux (the year oi the\\ngreat waters), which destroyed all the settlements\\nand the improvements in the lowlands of the\\nvalley in its mighty sweep to the gulf. Origin-\\nally, this Le Grand Champ contained about\\nfour thousand arpents of land, all under one fence,\\nand cultivated in common by the inhabitants, but\\nnow diminished to three thousand arpents by the\\nencroachments of the river. Le Grand Champ\\n(the big field) is one of the most beautiful and\\nfertile bottoms of land on the face of the globe,\\nand is every year decorated by the richest prolu-\\nsion of products which furnishes most of the\\nnecessities of life to the inhabitants of St. Gene-\\nvieve, and also gives employment to a great num-\\nber of its citizens in the cultivation of its rich and\\ninexhaustible soil.\\nThe present city of St. Genevieve is beauti-\\nfully located on the verdant banks of the grand\\nMississippi, about sixty miles below the future\\ngreat city of the world St. Louis and sits in\\nbeauty amid surrounding and smiling hills. The\\ncity of St. Genevieve was first settled by French\\nemigration in 1785, as before stated, by the in-\\nhabitants of Te Vieux Village de Sainte-Gene-\\nvieve, (the old village of St. Genevieve), Caho-\\nkia, Kaskaskia, Fort Chartres, and other settle-", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0109.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "-98-\\nments of Illinois, on account of the great flood of\\nthat year, which induced them to seek safety\\nhere against calamities of that character in the\\nfuture. The overflow of the Mississippi in the\\nyear 1785 has never been equaled since this fear-\\nful waste of waters, for the valley was one vast\\nsea from bluft to bluff, and presented a sight\\nnever to be forgotten by the many to which it\\nbrought destruction.\\nThe original settlers of Le vieux village and\\nof the present city of St. Genevieve were Fran-\\ncois Valle, commandant of the post Jean-Bap-\\ntiste Valle, Sr., the last conmiandant of the post;\\nJoseph Loisel, Jean-Baptiste Maurice, Francois\\nMaurice, Francois Coleman, Jacques Boyer,\\nHenri Maurice, Parfait Dufour, Joseph Bequette,\\nJean-Baptiste Thomure, Joseph Govreau, Louis\\nBolduc, Jean-Baptiste St. Gemme, Laurent Ga-\\nb^ury, Jean Beauvais, B. N. Janis, and J. B. T.\\nPratte and others. These persons were all\\nremarkable for their strong constitution, simpli-\\ncity of manners, honesty of purpose, and hospi-\\ntality endowed naturally with good minds with-\\nout the advantages of an education, they were\\nfree from ostentation and excess of j^leasures ex-\\ncept such as were of an innocent character.\\nTheir dress was remarkably plain they wore\\nheavy coton or gingham pants, without the sup-\\nport of suspenders, but fastened by a belt and\\nclasp around the waist without vests a blue or\\ncolored skirt, a white Mackinaw blanket with a", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0110.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "99\\ncapuchon, and moccassin shoes, completed\\nthe toilet of the citizens of early St. Genevieve.\\nThe apparel of the women of those days was sim-\\nplicity itself, and would cause a smile from our\\nfair ones could it be seen to-day They wore a\\ncotton or calico dress their shoulders and breast\\nornamented with a mantlet neck adorned with a\\nrich Madras handkerchief, and their feet encased\\nin beautitul mocassin shoes. Those of advanced\\nage of both sexes wore a blue or Madras hand-\\nkerchief, which encircled their heads.\\nThe occupations of the patriarchs of St. Gene-\\nvieve were as cultivators of the soil and voyagers\\nwith barges and keel-boats to the city of New\\nOrleans, and traders of goods for furs, peltries\\nand lead, the latter being the money of the\\ncountry. They encountered many privations,\\nand passed through the ordeal of many romantic\\nadventures of a savage life, and well deserved the\\nappellation of the pioneers of the West.\\nThe inhabitants were of a happy and contented\\ndisposition and much attached to each other. The\\nfamily government was of a patriarclial char-\\nacter, and respect, obedience, and love, were\\nhighly prized and greatly practiced, and truly can\\nit be said of them that they were a l)and of\\nbrothers. But a few years ago one of those\\npatriarchs could be seen in the city of St. Gene-\\nvieve leaning on the staff of old age with ease\\nand grace, his head bleached with the snows of\\nnearly a hundred years. This remarkable man was", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0111.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "lOO\\nJean-Baptiste Valle, Sr., the last commandant of\\nthe post of St. Genevieve. His wife also lived\\nto an old age, loved and venerated by all. Some\\nyears previous to their death, and in accordance\\nwith an old French custom, they were remarried\\nafter a half century s enjoyment of marriage life.\\nIt was a grand and imposing ceremony to see\\nthis venerable couple renewing the first vows of\\ntheir early affection and love.\\nThe Indians.\\nThe Indians who inhabited the immediate vi-\\ncinity of the town of St. Genevieve at the time of\\nits early settlement were a tribe of Peorias en-\\ncamped south of the town along the bluffs that\\nfront the big field. They were the remnants\\nof a warlike tribe of the Illinois, and warm friends\\nand strongly attached to the French inhabitants,\\nwho afterwards protected them from the neigh-\\nboring Indians and marauders. In the district of\\nSt. Genevieve during the occupation of the French\\nand Spanish government there were many Indian\\nvillages. One they called Le Grand Village Sau-\\nvage (the big Indian village), named by the In-\\ndians Challecathe, was south of St. Genevieve,\\nand contained about 500 inhabitants, and was\\nbuilt on what is called La Petite Riviere a la", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0112.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "THE SISTER OF TECUMSEH.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0113.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0114.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "lOI\\nPonime (or Apple creek), and now lies within the\\nborders of Perry county. This village was loca-\\nted on the north of the creek and occupied by a\\ntribe called Chawanons. They were industrious\\nand brave. Their cabiiis were constructed of\\nsolid logs, and well cemented with a greasy dirt\\nand other materials which effectually protected\\nthem from the inclemency of the weather. They\\npossessed many horses, keeping a large number\\nof them on hand in case of attack by other war-\\nlike bands ot savages who roamed through the\\ncountry. The Chawanons were a tall, finely de-\\nveloped and robust-lookir:g people. Their women\\nwere pretty and exceedingly swift of foot, and in\\ndress were decorated with the most brilliant feath-\\ners, silver trinkets, c. They cultivated corn\\nand other products of the field, and were far more\\ncivilized than the generality of the other Indian\\ntribes in Upper Louisiana. They worshiped the\\nGreat Spirit, and believed that after death an\\nabundance of all earthly things awaited them\\nbeyond the dark river.\\nThe sister of the great Indian chief Tecumseh\\nresided there. She was remarkable for her beauty\\nand intelligence, and whilst on a visit to some\\nneighboring tribes at New Madrid, Missouri, be-\\ncame acquainted with and enamoured of a French\\nCreole by the name of Francois Maisonville, and\\nshortly afterwards they were married according\\nto Indian custom. Tecumseh, having visited\\nUpper Louisiana immediately after the marriage", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0115.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "I02\\nfor the purpose of exciting- the various tribes to\\nwar, heard of it and became fierce and indio^nant,\\nand forced his sister to return to Apple Creek\\nvillao-e, where she remained for some time, but\\nsoon returned to her husband after Tecumseh\\nleft. They resided many years in New Madrid\\nand raised a large family. Some of their descen-\\ndants are now livino- there.\\nThe Chawanons had two great feasts yearly\\nthe first in the spring when sowing their grain,\\nwhich they called Le Feu Nouveau the new\\nfire) the second when the corn changed color,\\nFete du petit ble the feast of small wheat).\\nThis remarkable tribe of Indians, after the change\\nof government by which the country passed into\\nthe hands of the United States, folded their tents\\nand left for the far West, and have passed from\\nhistory as a tribe, having been absorbed into some\\nof the many tribes on our Western frontier.\\nA Letter from the Spanish Governor.\\nThe letter of the Spanish Governor, Manuel\\nGayoso, of Louisiana, to the Chawanons, is so full\\nof kindness and wisdom, that I here insert it", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0116.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "I03\\nDon Manuel Gayoso de Lamos, Brigadier de las Real\\nExercitos, Gobernador General, Vice Patrono Real\\nde las Provincias de la Louisiana, y Florida Occiden-\\ntal, Inspector de las Tropas Veteranas y Milicias de\\nellas\\n/h/A- Chefs et homines cousiden s de la Nation des Chaw-\\nanons, nsidant dans le Territoire de S. M. C. des\\nIllinois\\nMes Chers Enfants J ai re ^u la parole que vous\\nm avez envoyt e par les gens de votre nation, qui sont\\ndescendus ici je les ai vus avec beaucoup de plaisir,\\nparce que j aime votre nation.\\nJe vois que vous vous souVv^nez de moi, que vous sui-\\nvez toujours la voie du bon sens, et que vous etes dis-\\nposes a profiter des bons conseils.\\nOui mes enfants, je vous cheris, et je vous distingue\\nparmi ceux qui ne font que courir, perdant leur temps,\\net ecoutant qui les detourne du chemin de leur chasse,\\net de leur labourage, et de la paix mais je suis bien\\naise que mes enfants les Chawanons, ne soient pas de\\nmeme.\\nJe suis bien aise de les voir parmi mes enfants blancs,\\net faire leurs champs ensemble. J ai donne mes ordres\\nau Lieutenant-Gouverneur des Illinois pour qu il vous\\nregarde avec tendresse, et vous traite comme des blancs,\\npuisque vous vous conduisez comire eux. Malgre que\\nj aie dit tout ceci, a vos gens ici, je le mets par ecrit,\\npour que cela ne s oublie pas.\\nMes cners enfans, que le soleil brille toujours sur\\nvous puissiez-vous faire une bonne chasse que votre\\nfeu soit toujours allume, et que vos chemins soient\\ntoujours blancs et unis.\\nA la Nouvelle-Orleans ce 17 May 1799.\\nManuel Gayoso de Lamos.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0117.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "I04\\n[translation.]\\nDon Manuel Gayoso de Lamos, Brigadier of the Royal\\nService, Governor General, Royal Vice-Regent of\\nthe Provinces of Louisiana and Western Florida, In-\\nspector of Veteran and Militia forces of the sj.me\\nTo the Chiefs and notable men of the CJiaivanon Nation,\\nresidents of the Territory of Her C. M. of the Illinois\\nMy Dear Children: I have received the talk which\\nyou have sent me through the people of your Nation,\\nwho have come down here I have seen them with much\\npleasure, for I love your Nation.\\nI see that you remember me, and that you still follow\\nthe path of good sense, and that you are disposed to\\nprofit liy good counsels.\\nYes, my children, I cherish you, and I set you apart\\nfrom those who are roving, squandering their time, and\\nlistening to whoever turns them away from their hunt-\\ning paths, and from their plowings, and from peace\\nbut I am much pleased that my children the Chawanons\\nare not so.\\nI am very glad to see them among my white children,\\ntilling their fields together.\\nI have given my orders to the Lieut. -Governor of Il-\\nlinois, that he should regard you with tenderness, and\\nshould treat you the same as white men, since you be-\\nhave like them.\\nAlthough I have said all this, to your people here, I\\nput it in writing so that it shall not be forgotten\\nMy dear children Ma} the sun ever shine on you\\nmay you have a profitable hunt ma)- your fire never\\ngo out and may your [)atbs be always white and\\nsmooth.\\nIn New Orleans, the 17th of May, 1779.\\nManuel Gayoso de La:\\\\ios.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0118.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "I05\\nReminiscences of Upper Louisiana.\\nAfter the delivery of the territory of IlHnois\\neast of the Mississippi by France to England, in\\n1765, the French inhabitants of Kaskaskia, Fort\\nChartres, Prairie du Rocher and Kahokia, began\\nto remove to St. Louis and St. Genevieve, owing\\nto their great aversion to living under the English\\nflag. They were at the time, under the impres-\\nsion that the territory west of the Mississippi yet\\nbelonged to France. Hence St. Ange de Belle\\nRive, a French officer, after the delivery of Fort\\nChartres to the English, assumed command of the\\npost of St. L Hiis in the latter part of 1765, and\\nexercised civil and military authority until Spain\\ntook actual possession of Louisiana in 1 769-\\nWhilst St. Ange was acting as commandant of\\nSt. Louis, the post of St. Genevieve was placed\\nunder the command of Chevalier Rocheblave,\\nboth of these officers acting under the French\\nflag. During this short period of five years the\\nFrench inhabitants claimed Upper Louisiana and\\nowed allegiance to France, notwithstanding the\\ncession of F ranee to Spain.\\nThe first legal proceedings of record at St. Gen-\\nevieve w^as under Commandant Rocheblave, on\\nthe i6th of May, 1766, which records and pro-\\nceedings were kept by M. Robinet, notary and", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0119.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "io6\\ngreffier. Both of these officers exercised their\\nofficial duties from May i6, 1766, to November\\n22, 1769, when possession of Upper Louisiana\\nwas given to his Cathohc majesty of Spain,\\nSt. Genevieve, though settled as early as 1735,\\nhad no regular courts or officers until the i6th of\\nMay, I 766, when Rocheblave took command of\\nthe post.\\nThe First Marriage Contract.\\nThe first legal proceedings under Rocheblave\\nbeing on the 19th of May, i 766, in relation to a\\nmarriage contract between Pierre Roy and Jean-\\nnette Lalonde then follows the second sale of land\\nbetween individuals. The first sale of k-nd was\\nmade by Pierre Aritfone to Henri Carpentier, one\\nby Joseph Le Don to LePebre du Couquette, and\\none lot containing one and one-half arpents by\\nGuillaume Derouselle to Francois Valle also the\\nsale of salt works on the Saline river, with ten\\nnegroes and a lot of cattle, by John Lagrange to\\none Blowin. \\\\n the year 1767 Andre Vignon\\ntakes an appeal from the decision of Commandant\\nRocheblave to the supreme council of New\\nOrleans. Then follow other proceedings to No-\\nvember 22, 1769.\\nThe Spaniards on the last day and year took", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0120.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "I07\\npossession, at St, Ger.evieve, of Upper Louisia-\\nna, when Joseph Labruxiere assumed in the name\\nof Spain, the functions of judge of the post of\\nIhinois, and appointed at the same time and\\nplace Cabazie, as notary and greffier. These\\ntwo officers acted in these capacities until Don\\nFrancois Valle, pere, was made Commandant of\\nthe post of St. Genevieve by the Spanish govern-\\nment. Valle assumed his office early in the year\\n1770, and acted in that capacity until September\\n1783. Commandant Don Francois Valle, pere,\\ndied at the old town of St. Genevieve, in the\\nbig field of St. Genevieve, September 23,\\n1783, being then sixty-eight years of age. He\\nwas succeeded in office by Don Francisco Carta-\\nbona de Oro, Don Henri Peroux, and by Don\\nFrancois Valle, fils the two Valles, father and\\nson, acting most of the time from 1770 to 1804.\\nDon Fran(;ois Valle, fils, died in the city of Saint\\nGenevieve on the sixth day of March, 1804, only\\nfour days before Captain Stoddard took posses-\\nsion of Upper Louisiana at St. Louis. Com-\\nmandant Valle, fils, was buried under his pew in\\nthe old Catholic church at the city of St. Gene-\\nvieve.\\nAt the death of Don Francis Valle fils, he was\\nsucceeded by his brother, Don Jean-Baptiste\\nValle, who was reappointed by Lieutenant-Gov-\\nernor Amos Stoddard from March 10, 1804 to\\nOctober, 1804, with the power of a Spanish Com-\\nmander,, for the post of St. Genevieve.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0121.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "io8\\nGovernor Delassiis, on the i 7th of February,\\n1804, ordered Commandant Valle, to have Pas-\\nchill Detchmendy s claim (in what is now Wash-\\nington county, Missouri,) to be surveyed by Mr.\\nMaddin, deputy surveyor under Antoine Soulard,\\nthe then surveyor under the Spaniards. But\\nsome inhabitants armed themselves to prevent\\nthis survey, and threatened harm to any person,\\nwho attempted it. Governor Delassus, after the\\nchange of government, requested Lieutenant-\\nGovernor Stoddard to enforce this order on tlie\\n30th of March 1804, but the latter declined to\\ndo so, for the reason that it took place under\\nthe Spanish regime, that the United States could\\nnot act in this matter.\\nImportant Order of Gov. Delassus.\\nOn the loth of August, 1804, Governor De-\\nlassus re(juested and ordered Commandant Valle.\\nas j)er order of the Mar(]uis Casa Calvo, to de-\\nliver to hini the (iovernment correspondence of\\nthe Spaniards {at all posts of Upper Louisiana)\\nthat had no relation to suits, deeds, grants of land,\\nor with indixidual fortunes and interest of the in-\\nhabitants. He also demanded an inventory of\\nthos( })ajjers alread\\\\- delivered to the United", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0122.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "I09\\nStates to return to him all correspondence of a\\npublic nature belono^ino^ to Spain, accordinor to\\nstipulations between France and the United\\nStates also to deliver to him the four cannons,\\nat St. Genevieve, belongintr to Spain. This\\norder virtually deprived the historian of the\\nhistory of the policy and motives of the public\\nacts of Spain and France during their dominion\\nin America.\\nGovernor Dehault Delassus left St. Louis in\\nOctober, 1804, for New Orleans, with his sol-\\ndiers, and ammunitions of war which were not\\nincluded in the sale of the Louisiana Territory.\\nThe Spanish commanders exercised these\\noffices with leniency, moderation, and justice.\\nCommandant Don Valle, fils, the last Spanish\\ncommander at St. Genevieve, resided on what\\nis known as South Gabori creek. His house\\nwas a large one-story frame building, with\\nwide galleries and porches. The commandant\\nwas judge of all civil and criminal matters, and\\nwas military commandant of the post. His\\ndecision was law, and had to be obeyed. As\\na precaution and punishment, when criminals\\nwere charged with any crime they were exhib-\\nited before the inhabitants every Sunday in\\nfront of the Catholic church after divine service,\\nthat they might l)e known and recognized by\\nthe whole communit)-.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0123.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "no\\nThe Military\\nAt an early period, being in the year 1 780,\\nknown as L Annee du Coup (the year of\\nthe blow), the inhabitants of Le Vieux Village\\nde Ste. Genevieve were called upon to defend\\nSt. Louis, which was then threatened to be\\nattacked by the English and different tribes of\\nIndians. Sylvio F rancisco Cartabona, a gov-\\nernment officer, was ordered to St. Genevieve\\nby Don Ferdinand Leyba, the Lieutenant-Gover-\\nnor of the post of St. Louis, to enlist a com-\\npany of militiamen for the protection of St.\\nLouis. A company numbering sixty men was\\nsoon raised under the command of Captain\\nCharles Valle, brother of the commandant of\\nthe post of St. Cienevieve, and immediately left\\nin a keel-boat for St. Louis, where they were\\nstationed, or quartered, in a house south of the\\ncathedral church. Lieutenant-Governor Leylxi\\ndid not furnish them with ammunition, which\\nthey were destitute of. This caused much dis-\\nappointment and mortification to the gallant\\nmen who had left their homes for the purpc:)se\\nof defending their friends in St. Louis. Little\\ndid the St. Genevieve company think at the\\ntime that the Lieutenant-Governor of St. Louis", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0124.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "Ill\\nwas in bad faith toward them and the town of\\nSt. Louis, but thinors and actions afterwards\\nproved it and placed the St. Genevieve company\\nin a false position, as they had partly to obey\\norders under the military despotism of Spain,\\nwhich was most reputrnant to their feelings.\\nPrevious to the attack on St. Louis, an old\\nman by the name of Gronelle had warned the offi-\\ncers of the post that an attack would be made, for\\nwhich he was treated with contempt and sent to\\nprison. About the time of the attack upon St.\\nLouis, the captain of the St. Genevieve company,\\nseeing that he was deprived of powder by Lieu-\\ntenant-Governor Don Leyba, sent five men to\\ntake three kegs of powder which an old lady resi-\\ndent of the town had at the time, but did not wish\\nto deliver up, insisting that they should do her no\\nharm if she refused to give it up. They, how-\\never, conveyed the powder to headquarters.\\nCaptain Valle at this time seeing the treachery of\\nthe Lieutenant-Governor, determined not to obey\\norders.\\nWhile Captain Valle was temporarily absent\\nfrom his headquarters, Leyba ordered the com-\\npany to march up into a garret and to spike their\\nguns, and some of the men had partly obeyed the\\norder, and it was about being executed by the\\nwhole company when the brave captain of the St.\\nGenevieve company came up, and at once per-\\nceiving the treacherous intent of the order, re-\\nfused and said, Que son poste est pres de son", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0125.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "112\\ncanon et non dans un grenier, et que si rennemi\\nvenait, il serait pret a se defendre, (that his post\\nwas near his cannon and not in a garret if the\\nenemy came that he would be ready to defend\\nhimself,) and standing to his post he ordered his\\nmen to stand by him, and did all he could under\\nthe circumstances to aid the citizens of St. Louis\\nwhen that post was attacked by the enemy.\\nIt is a well-known fact that Lieutenant-Gover-\\nnor Leyba acted in bad faith and was despised by\\nall the inhabitants of St. Louis and St. Gene-\\nvieve on account of his treacherous conduct, and\\nfeeling conscious of his own foul acts died shortly\\nafter. After the attack on St. Louis had failed\\nthe company returned to their home, Le vieux\\nvillage de Ste. Genevieve.\\nDuring the war of r8i2, Captain Henry Dodge,\\nafterwards Governor of Wisconsin, raised at St.\\nGenevieve a compan\\\\ ot rillemen lor delense\\nagainst Indian depredations. A compan) called\\nThe South Missouri (luards, with a roll ot 115\\nmen, commanded by Captain Firmin A. Rozier,\\nwas organized August 23, 1846. They recruited\\nfor service in California, but owing to the lateness\\nof the season, failing to cross the plains were\\nstationed at Fort Leavenworth. Captain Thomas\\nM. Horine, of St. Genevieve, during the Mexi-\\ncan war, raised a company of men ordered to\\nSanta Fe under Colonel Sterling Price. Colonel\\nJoseph Bogy, commissioned by Governor Gamble\\nat the opening of the civil war in 1861, organized", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0126.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "113\\nthe militia of St. Genevieve County and other\\ncounties, of about one thousand men for protec-\\ntion of Southeast Missouri against contemplated\\ninvasion from Arkansas, and were in active ser-\\nvice about one month. Captain Gustave St. Gem\\nwas commissioned captain of Missouri militia by\\nGovernor Gamble in 1861, and ordered by Gen-\\neral Farrar to act as provost marshal of St. Gen-\\nevieve county, in which capacity he was engaged\\nwhen, in September, 1863, he organized Com-\\npany K., of whicli he was commissioned captain,\\nin the Forty- seventh regiment, Missouri Volun-\\nteers, Colonel Thomas C. Fletcher, commanding.\\nCaptain St. Gem, while in the volunteer service,\\nwas ordered by General Rosecranz, commanding\\ndepartment of Missouri, to act as provost marshal\\nof the Eighth sub-district of the St. Louis military\\ndistrict, comprising the counties ot St. Genevieve,\\nPerry and Jefferson, where he remai cd on duty\\nuntil April 8, 1865, and was succeeded by Lieu-\\ntenant John O Neil. An ilhunination of the town\\nof St. Genevieve was ordered by Provost Marshal\\nO Neil April 12, 18(35. The citizens of St. (len-\\nevieve, June 26, 1865, presented Lieutenant\\nO Neil and a[)tain S. Good each with a sword\\nfor their gallantry. Lieutenant Colonel Felix St.\\nJames a native and resident of the place of the\\nThirteenth regiment of Missouri infantry volun-\\nteers participated in the attack op. Fort Donelson,\\nand was fatally wounded at the battle of Shiloh,\\nTennessee, April 6, 1862, and died shortly after-", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0127.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "114-\\nward, and his remains were removed to St. Gen-\\nevieve.\\nGeneral Osterhaus division was stationed at\\nSt. Genevieve, October 12, 1862, and was ordered\\nto take Little Rock, Arkansas, via Pilot Knob;\\nand was ordered back to St. Genevieve, accom-\\npanied by divisions of Generals Carr and David-\\nson, for transportation, in the month of Novem-\\nber, 1862, for the siege of Vicksburg. Colonel\\nFrank Leavenworth organized the militia of St.\\nGenevieve county, October 18, 1864, about 250\\nmen, in connection with Lieutenant Colonel\\nGeorge Bond, and they were disbanded Novem-\\nber 17, 1864. Captains William Cousins and\\nRobert Holmes each raised a company of men at\\nSt. Genevieve county, who were enlisted in the\\nConfederate army, and remained in the service\\nduring the civil vvar. Colonel S. H. Boyd, with\\nthe 24th regiment Missouri Volunteer Infantry,\\nwas stationed at Maxwell Hill, St. Genevieve,\\nApril 9, 1863.\\nThe town of St. Genevieve was surrounded by\\na military force during the night of the 15th of\\nAugust, i86i,bya battalion of Zouaves, com-\\nmanded by Major John McDonald, since notor-\\nious for his trial before United States courts.\\nAfter seizing the bank he took military possession\\nof the town. The next day he demanded of the\\npresident, Firmin A. Rozier, of the branch bank\\nof the Merchants Bank of St. Louis, located here,\\nthe funds of the bank. After some parley the", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0128.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "115\\npresident delivered them under protest, and upon\\ncondition to accompany the battaHon to St. Louis\\non the steamer Hannibal. The Major had come\\ntor the money, and kept his eye steadily on his\\ngun, insisting on a peaceable surrender. The\\nmoney, a large amount, was taken on the steamer,\\nhaving on board Mr. Rozier, the Major and the\\nbattalion of Zouaves. On arriving; in St. Louis\\nMr. Rozier called at headquarters to see General\\nFremont, for an interview, who that day handed\\nMayor Howe an order to be delivered to Mr.\\nRozier for the funds of the bank, which were de-\\nposited with Colonel Robert Campbell, president\\nof the Merchants Bank.\\nLa Nouvelle Bourbon.\\nThis post was situated about two miles imme-\\ndiately south of the city of St. Genevieve, and\\nnearly opposite to Kaskaskia, on the high bluffs\\nof the Mississippi river. Don Pierre Carlos De-\\nlassus was commandant of the post of La Nou-\\nvelle Bourbon. He was a Frenchman. His\\nfamily was educated in affluence, but the French\\nrevolution caused him with his family to remove\\nto Spain, and afterwards to Upper Louisiana.\\nHe was chevalier de grande croix de I ordre\\nroyal de Saint-Michel. He was appointed by\\nSpain commander of the post of La Nouvelle", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0129.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "ii6\\nBourbon. He was the father of Lieutenant-\\nGovernor Charles Dehault Delassus, of Upper\\nLouisiana. Don Charles Dehault Delassus, his\\nson, was a native of Spain. At Andalusia, in\\nSpain, in the war between France and Spain,\\nCaptain Charles Dehault Delassus led a desper-\\nate char^j^e of Spanish troops and won the victory.\\nAfterward he was made by the Spanish king\\ncommander of the post of New MaJrid, from i 797\\nto 1799; then Lieutenant-Governor of Upper\\nLouisiana from 1799 to March 10, 1804, and was\\nthe person who delivered Upper Louisiana to\\nCaptain Stoddard, an officer of the United States.\\nThe First Church\\nin Upper Louisiana was built by Catholics in Le\\nvieux village de Ste. Genevieve, previous to\\nL annee des Grandes Faux, being a large\\nwooden structure, which was removed to the pre-\\nsent city of St. Genevieve in 1794. When this\\nchurcli became so old and dilapidated it was aban-\\ndoned, in about the year 1835. The erection of\\nthe old rock Catholic church was completed in\\n1 83 1 under the* surv^eillance o( Rd X. Dahman,\\nan old soldier and oHicc;r in the cavalry service\\nof Napoleon the Great. It was consecrated No-\\nvember 22, 1837, by Bishop Rosatti, of St. Louis.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0130.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "-117-\\nThis old rock church was struck by hghtning-\\nJuly 17, 1841 it struck the gable end and the\\nfluid descended along the roof to the sacristy,\\nthen pierced the wall, striking the frame of the\\npicture of St. Genevieve it then descended to\\nthe altar, taking away its gilding, and passed to\\nthe ground floor. Mr. John Doyle, at the time,\\nwas praying before the altar, and was struck by\\nthe lightning and considerably stunned, yet re-\\ncovered from the shock. There is now a laree\\nbrick church erected over the site of the old rock\\nchurch, under the supervision of Rev. Francis X.\\nWeiss. The corner stone of this new edifice was\\nlaid by Rev. Charles Ziegler, a native of St. Gen-\\nevieve, now a parish priest of St. Louis.\\nAs early as 1760 three Jesuit missionaries set-\\ntled at St. Genevieve in their cassocks, with bre-\\nviary in hand, and the cross upon their breast.\\nThey commenced their religious instructions to a\\nfew inhabitants, anci visited the surrounding\\ntribes of Indians, amongst whom vespers and\\nmatins were chanted. The following is the list\\nof ministers that officiated at St. Genevieve under\\nthe Spanish, French and Territorial governments\\nFathers P. F. Watrin, J. B. Salveneuve and J.\\nLamorinie from i 760 to 1764 Father J. L. Mau-\\nrin from 1764 to 1768; Father P. Gibault 1768\\nto 1773; Father F. Hilaire from 1773 to 1777;\\nFather P. Gibault from 1778 to 1784; Father\\nLouis Guiques from 1 786 to 1 789 Father De\\nSt. Pierre from 1 789 to 1 797 P^ather James Max-", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0131.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "II\u00c2\u00ab\\nwell from 1796 to 1814; Father D. Oliver from\\n1 814 to 1816 Father Henri Pratte from 1816 to\\n1821 Rev, Francis X. Dahman, 1822 to 1840\\nRev. HyppoliteGondolpho, 1840 Rev. Jean Ma-\\nrie St. Cyre, 1849 Rev. P. L. Hendricks, 1862\\nFrancis X. Wiess, 1865 to 1885.\\nFirst Religious Records.\\nThe first baptism in le vieux village de Ste.-\\nGenevieve, was on the 24th of February, 1760,\\nand was performed by a Jesuit missionary named\\nP. F. Watrin. The first religious marriage which\\noccurred at the same place was on the 30th Octo-\\nber, 1764, celebrated by Father J. L. Maurin.\\nThe parties married were Marck Constatino Can-\\nada and a Miss Suzan Henn, the latter being for-\\nmerly of Pennsylvania, of German descent. This\\nMarck Constatino was living previous to this,\\neight years with a tribe of Indians known as the\\nChawanons, being near St. Genevieve. This\\nSuzan Henn was made a prisoner about five years\\nbefore this marriage by the same tribe of Indians.\\nThey lived together, and had two children, one\\nnamed Marie, three years old, and the other\\nGenevieve, two years old. After this marriage\\nthey regained their liberty. The witnesses to\\nthis marriage are Jean Ganion and T. Tebriege.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0132.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "-119-\\nRoMANTic Marriage, During the Regime of\\nSpain.\\nMr. Henry Fry an American, who emigrated\\nin early times, about 1797, in St. Genevieve dis-\\ntrict, on Big river, now St. Francis county, Mis-\\nsouri, had contracted marriage with a Miss Baker,\\na sister of Isaac Baker, a well-to-do farmer and a\\nrespectable man. At that time, in that section\\nof country, there were no officers to perform mar-\\nriages, hence they had to go to St. Genevieve to\\ncelebrate their nuptials. Mr. Fry, accompanied\\nby his bride, and her two sisters, the Misses\\nBaker, with their brother Aaron Baker, with\\nother friends, started for St. Genevieve, with\\nglad hearts, and with high anticipations of the\\noccasion.\\nWhen they arrived in an open prairie, near\\nTerre Blue creek, some nine miles north of the\\ntown of Farmington, Missouri, they encountered\\na band of roving Osage Indians, who were, at\\nthe time, engaged in horse racing. The party\\nwere soon followed and captured, with their\\nhorses, guns, furs, and peltries belonging to\\nMr. Fry, worth about fifteen hundred dollars.\\nM. Henry Fry, was the first attacked and robbed\\nof all his clothes, ordered to run, which he re-\\nfused, causing an Indian to strike him with his\\nramrod violently upon his bare hips, whilst he", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0133.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "I20\\nhad to endure other indignities. The whole\\nparty were then stripped of their clothing and\\nornaments, and were left, like our first parents,\\nin a state of nature. The only one of the party\\nnot disturbed was Aaron Baker, owing to the\\nblotches on his face, which alarmed them, think-\\ning it was small-pox. One of these Misses\\nBaker was a very stout woman. Whilst defend-\\ning herself, and clinging to her clothes, she was\\ndragged upon fresh burnt stubbles, scarifying her\\nback with tattoo marks she carried to her death.\\nOf the two sisters of the bride, afterwards one\\nmarried Jolin McRee, the other Alexander Mc-\\nCoy they left large tamiHes, and many descend-\\nants in St. Francis county, Missouri.\\nAfter this painful occurrence, all returned to\\ntheir homes, which postponed this marriage for\\none year, and it afterwards took place at St.\\nGenevieve. Mr. Fry was a pioneer of tliis coun-\\ntry, lived a long and happy life to the wonderful\\nage of one hundred and fifteen years.\\nFrench Customs.\\nThe customs of Paris was the rule of the b rench\\ninhabitants in North America. The command-\\nants of the different French posts generally regu-\\nlated the police of the country, adapting their cir-", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0134.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "121\\nCumstances and wants according to their sur-\\nroundings. The French, in early times, lived\\nwith great economy and simplicity, being jovial,\\npolite and hospitable. The French women were\\ndevout and remarkably virtuous. Their great\\namusement was the dance, they especially enjoyed\\nthe kingr s ball, and the Guio-nolee. At the\\nking s ball a large cake was made, where inside\\nwere four beans, the parties who drew them were\\nmade kings of the next ball, each king selected a\\nqueen, these kings generally made a present to\\ntheir queens. At these reunions they were always\\nprovided with bouillon, cakes, croquignolles, and\\ncoffee. They always selected two aged persons,\\ncalled provosts, who selected the gentlemen and\\nladies, to open their ball. W\\\\^ fiddle was selec-\\nted, as the musical instrument whose music was\\nmost congenial to their taste and fancy. The\\ndistinction of wealth was unknown, all dressed\\nalike, all met as equals in the ball-rooms as well\\nas at their feasts and religious ceremonies. The\\ninhabitants were all Catholics, and greatly at-\\ntached to the Catholic missionaries.\\nLa Guignolee.\\nOn New Year s eve, the French inhabitants\\nassembled together, decorated with fantastic cos-\\ntumes to visit each family, to sing and dance the\\nGuignolee it was an occasion ot much mirth and\\npfood feelinof.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0135.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "t 22\\nThe Song.\\nBonsoir le maitre et la maitresse,\\nEt tout le nionde du logis;\\nPour le premier jour de I ann^e,\\nLa Guignolee vous nous devez.\\nSi vous n avez rien nous donner,\\nDites-nous le,\\nNous vous demandons pas grand chose,\\nUne ochin^e,\\nUne ^chinge n est pas bienlongue,\\nDe quatre-vingt dix pieds de long,\\nEncore nous demandons pas grand-chose,\\nLa fille ainee de la maison,\\nNous lui ferons faire bonne chere\\nNous lui ferons chauffer les pieds.\\nNous saluons la compagnie,\\nEt la prions nous excuser.\\nSi I on a fait quel que folic,\\nC etait pour nous desennuyer.\\nL ne autre fois nous prendons garde\\nOuand sera temps d yrevenir,\\nDansons la guenille,\\nDansons la guenille,\\nDansons la guenille!\\nChorus. Bonsoir le maitre et la maitresse,\\nEt tout le monde du loyjs.\\nThe Common Fields, Floucais and Charrkttes.\\nThe French inliabitants, had a common field,\\nalways attached to their villages and towns, each\\nwas assigned a piece of land to cultivate, with the\\ncondition to keep in repair the fences, in propor-", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0136.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "123\\ntion to his share. If any one abandoned his land,\\nit was sold at public sale, at the church door, with\\noriginal condition of repair of fence.\\nThe early inhabitants cultivated their land with\\na wooden plough, seldom ploughed with horses,\\nbut oxen, which were yoked by the horns. Their\\nhorses were generally fastened to the charrette\\n(cart) which had no iron fastening or iron ties,\\nbut two wheels, made out of well-seasoned white\\noak, except the hub of gum wood. These char-\\nrettes were worked with one to three horses, one\\nbefore the others, having twisted rawhides for\\ntheir traces. This conveyance was used for all\\nkinds of work, as well as for family use. When\\nthe women traveled in them, they were seated in\\nchairs that were tied to the railings of the char-\\nrette. They were, in early times, well adapted\\nfor transportation of goods or persons, during all\\nthe year, except winter, when resort was had in\\nstrong and comfortable sledofes.\\nFrench Dominion.\\nMonette, the historian, well remarks Under\\nthe French Dominion the government was mild\\nand paternal a mixture of civil and military rule,\\nwithout the technicalities of the one or the sever-\\nity of the other. The commandant was invested\\nwith despotic authority yet he rarely exercised", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0137.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "124\\nhis power otherwise than in a kind and paternal\\nmanner, and for the general welfare of his people.\\nIn return, he received not only their obedience\\nand respect, but also their love.\\nTerritorial Inhabitants from 1804 to 1820.\\nThe purchase of Louisiana by the United States\\nfrom the French Government took place in 1803.\\nSoon after the change of government, in 1804, a\\nnew population came and settled here from Vir-\\nginia, Kentucky and Europe. Amongst some\\nof those who became citizens were Hon. John\\nScott, delegate to Congress General Henry\\nDodge and Augustus C. Dodge, his son, both af-\\nterwards United States Senators; James Max-\\nwell, a prominent Irish Catholic priest Judge\\nWilliam James, from Kentucky Hon. Lewis F.\\nLinn, the model senator Ferdinand Rozier, Sr.\\nand his partner the ornithologist Audubon Hon.\\nGeorge W. Jones, afterwards United States Sen-\\nator from Iowa; James Clemens, of St. Louis;\\nDr. Hardrage Lane, M. Jacques Cjuibourd, from\\nPrance Hon, Joseph Bogy, father of Senator\\nLewis V. Bogy Charles Gregoire, Thomas\\nCrittenden, .Nathaniel Pope, William Shanon,\\nAaron Elliot, Thomas Oliver, Dr. Walter Fen-\\nwick and Man. Butler, the historian, Tliomas", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0138.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "125\\nMadden and others of distinction. These per-\\nsons settled here under the Territorial Govern-\\nment from 1804 to 1820, previous to the oroaniz-\\nation of the State of Missouri, and many distin-\\nguished themselves in their profession, and pos-\\nsessed remarkable talent. Many of them held\\nimportant offices under the Government of the\\nUnited States, and were ornaments to society.\\nSt. Genevieve Academy. 1808.\\nThis Academy was incorporated by an act of\\nthe Governor of the Territory of Louisiana, on\\nthe 2istof June 1808. The trustees were James\\nMaxwell, Jean-Baptiste Valle, Jacques Guibourd,\\nSt. Gem Beauvais, Francis Jarvis, Jean-Baptiste\\nPratte, Walter Fenvick, Andrew Henry, Timo-\\nthy Phelps, Aaron Elliot, Nathaniel Pope, Joseph\\nSpencer, John Scott, William James, Thomas\\nOliver, Joshua Penneman, William Shanon,\\nGeorge Bullit, Henry Dodge and Henry Diel.\\nThis old Academy, which sits on a beautiful\\nhill overlooking the town, is a large stone build-\\ning, and was built in 1808 by the old inhabitants\\nof St. Genevieve. Man, Butler, the historian\\nof Kentucky, in 181 2 became one of its teachers,\\nby contract with the^trustees of said academy.\\nAfterwards this academy was abandoned for a", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0139.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "126\\nfew years, until It was again brought into a flour-\\nishing condition, under the control of Firmin A.\\nRozier, January 1854, and continued until 1862,\\nwhen the troubles of the civil war prevented its\\ncontinuance.\\nIn early times, the citizens of St. Genevieve\\nDistrict made great efforts to establish good\\nschools. When Bishop Dubourg of Louisiana,\\naccompanied by Bishop Flaget, of Kentucky, vis-\\nited St. Genevieve, December 17, 1817, Bishop\\nDubourg had been called upon to take charge of\\nthe St. Genevieve Academy, but for some cause\\nor another, it was not carried out. However the\\nSt, Mary s College, at the Barrens, now in Perry\\ncounty, Missouri, was established in 1819 by the\\nLazarist Fathers, under the direction of Bishop\\nDubourg. This college acquired a great reputa-\\ntion in the West, and was conducted by persons\\nof intellect, virtue and learninor, who afterwards\\nacquired national reputations. This college was\\nafterwards removed to Cape Girardeau in the\\nyear 1838. Near this St. Mary s College the\\nSisters of Loretto, from Kentucky, established a\\nfemale academy in 1823, under the control of\\nMother Benedict Fenwick, supervised by Rev-\\nerend Father Rosatti, then co-adjutor of Bishop\\nDubourg. This academy prospered for several\\nyears, and was afterwards abandoned.\\nThe Sisters of Loretto, on the 25th of )une\\n1837, established a female academy in the city of\\nSt. Genevieve, conducted then by Mother Odille", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0140.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "127\\nDelassus, a daughter of the former commander of\\nthe post of New Bourbon This academy, in\\n1851 passed under the control of the Sisters of St.\\nJoseph, who have buik a large and commodious\\nconvent opposite the present Catholic church\\nin the city of St. Genevieve.\\nTerritorial Courts of St. Genevieve.\\nThe Territorial district courts of St. Genevieve\\nDistrict from 1805 to 1821, were the Common\\nPleas, Quarter Sessions, and Oyer and Term-\\niner. The persons who have presided over them\\nwere Nathaniel Cook, Joseph Pratte, Amos\\nBird, Isadore Moore, John Smith, T. St. Gem\\nBeauvais, Jacques Ciuibourd, Paschal Detchmen-\\ndy, Jean-Baptiste Vallc, Thomas Madden, John\\nHawkins and Williams James. At different pe-\\nriods these courts w^ere presided and supervised\\nby Judges James B. Lucas, Otto Shrader and\\nDavid Barton, who with others composed the\\nSuperior Court of the Territory.\\nThe Territorial circuit court of St. Genevieve\\nDistrict was established in 1814, was presided\\nover by Judge Richard S. Thomas until 1824.\\nHe was a Virginian by birth, came to St. Gene-\\nvieve about the year 18 10, served as judge ten\\nyears at the near termination of his term was", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0141.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "128\\nimpeached, but acquitted afterwards removed to\\nJackson, Missouri. Whilst on his way to Green-\\nville, was thrown off of his horse, seriously injur-\\ned, died shortly afterwards and was buried at\\nJackson, Missouri. Thomas Oliver acted as\\nclerk of said court. Israel Dodge and Henry\\nDodge were the sheriffs of this Territorial Dis-\\ntrict from 1804 to 182 1. The attorneys who\\nattended the courts at St. Genevieve, from 1805\\nto 1 82 I were Nathaniel Pope, John Scott, Wil-\\nliam C. Carr, Edward Hempstead, Thomas H.\\nBenton, Otto Shrader, Thomas H. Crittenden,\\nGeorge Bullit, Rufus Easton and H. M. Brack-\\nenridue.\\nFatal Encounter of Captain De Mun.\\nAn ancient famil\\\\- known as Depeste, and also\\none known as De Mun, settled in St. Genevieve\\nin the year 1808. A melancholy death occurred\\nto one of them, being Auguste De Mun, the son\\nof Jacques De Mun, captain of dragoons of St.\\nDomingo. He had made, from information, in-\\njurious remarks of Mr. William McCarthur, about\\ncoining money. Mr. McCarthur being well con-\\nnected, and a brother-in-law of Dr. Lewis F. Linn,\\nsent a challenge to De Mun, which was not ac-\\ncepted, because he thought him imworthy of his", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0142.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "129\\nsteel. McCarthur denounced DeMun in public,\\nwhich orave him greater offense. They met at\\nthe old Territorial court house, whilst court was\\nin session, at St. Genevieve. As McCarthur\\nwas coming down and De Mun was going up the\\nstair- way, they both hred, and poor De Mun fell\\nmortally wounded, and expired shortly afterwards.\\nThey were, at the time, both candidates for the\\nTerritorial House of Representatives. Mr. De\\nMun was buried in the Catholic graveyard in St.\\nGenevieve, August 28, 1816, but no tombstone\\nmarks his place of burial.\\nMissouri Territorial Assembly.\\nThe General Assembly of the Territorial Gov-\\nernment of Missouri, met in St. Louis, Decem.-\\nber 7, 1812, consisting of a Council of nine and\\na house of representatives. The delegates from\\nSt. Genevieve District at that time, were Honor-\\nable George Bullit, Judge Richard S. Thomas and\\nIsaac McGready. In the Council of nine, St.\\nGenevieve was represented by Hon. John Scott\\nand Reverend James Maxwell, a learned and\\npractical Irish Catholic priest. Both were ap-\\npointed by the President of the United States.\\nOn December 6, 1813, Hon. George Bullit was\\nelected speaker of the House, and December 5,\\n1 8 14, Hon. James Caldwell occupied the same", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0143.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "T30\\nposition, both from the St. Genevieve district.\\nAfterwards different persons were elected in this\\ndistrict to the Territorial Legislature up to the\\nformation of the State Constitution.\\nThe Constitutional Convention of 1820.\\nThis convention to form a State constitution\\nand organize the State of Missouri, met in St.\\nLouis, June 12, 1820, and concluded their labors\\nJuly 19, 1820.\\nThe delegates from St. Genevieve^ were\\nJohn D.Cook, John Scott, Henry Dodge, Robert\\nT. Brown.\\nThe Population and Commerce of\\nSt. Genevieve.\\nThe census taken by the Spaniards in 1799,\\nwhen Lieutenant-Governor Delassus acted for\\nUpper Louisiana, for St. Genevieve was 945 per-\\nsons and at the change of government in 1804,\\nit was 1300, one-third being slaves. The com-\\nmerce of St. Genevieve, in early times consisted\\nprincipally in lead and peltries and they had a\\nlarge commerce on the Mississippi and Ohio\\nrivers, by keel-boat transportation. The com-", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0144.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "131\\nmercial men of St. Genevieve during the Terri-\\ntorial government from 1804 to 1820, were re-\\nmarkably active and successful in their business\\npursuits. At that time many merchants of St.\\nLouis had to make their purchases at St. Gene-\\nvieve. M. Ferdinand Rozier, Sr., a prominent\\nmerchant in those days, traveled from St. Gene-\\nvieve to the city of Philadelphia six times on\\nhorseback to transact business. Such trips at\\npresent would be looked upon as singular and ro-\\nmantic. Mr. Louis Bolduc, an old merchant, be-\\ncame by commerce very rich. M. Thomas Mad-\\ndin, an American, also of wealth, offered to wager\\nwith Bolduc as to which had most wealth. Bol-\\nduc soon silenced him by requesting him to bring\\nhis half bushel to measure his silver money, which\\nhe kept, at the time, in his cellar.\\nThe wealthy and enterprising house of Menard\\nValle was established in 181 7, the memorable\\nyear that steam power was introduced in Upper\\nLouisiana, with the Pike, commanded by Cap-\\ntain Jacob Reed, who entered and fastened his\\nboat August I, 1817, at the port of St. Genevieve.\\nThis commercial firm had a large trade with the\\nIndian tribes. Pierre Menard, of Kaskaskia, one\\nof the partners, was then Indian Agent, and con-\\ntrolled a large business throughout the West.\\nSt. Genevieve, from the first settlement, was an\\nimportant commercial point, for it was the depot\\nof all lead, copper, nickel, cobalt and iron, from", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0145.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "132\\nthe Iron Mountain, Pilot Knob, Mine Lamotte.\\nValle Mines and Potosi up to the year 1857, when\\nthe Iron Mountain Railroad was built, that de-\\nprived St. Genevieve of this trade, which was\\nafterw^ards carried to St. Louis.\\nSteamboat Catastrophe.\\nThe steamer Doctor Franklin No. 2, in Au-\\ngust, 1852, collapsed a flue, at Turkey Island, on\\nthe Mississippi, about four miles above St. Gene-\\nvieve, scalding and killing nearly all her deck\\npassengers and crew. She was towed down to\\nthe St. Genevieve wharf. Amongst the passen-\\ngers was the famous novel writer Ned Buntline,\\nwho escaped unhurt. The sight on board of the\\nsteamer was a distressing and mournful one. The\\ncabin of the boat was strewed w ith men and wo-\\nmen, uttering the most fearful cries, and under-\\ngoing the most cruel sufferings. Strong men\\nwere there blistered with steam, yet cold in death.\\nBoth engineers were blown into the river, and at\\nthe time of the explosion some jumped overboard\\nand were lost. In one berth lay a wife and\\nmother dead, with a child still clasped in her arms,\\nwhilst others were frightfully mutilated. The cit-\\nizens of St. Genevieve rendered all the aid and\\nassistance to those unfortunate persons, and had\\nthe dead decently buried in the graveyard.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0146.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0147.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0148.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "Telegraph Line and Plank Road.\\nThe first telegraph hne in Missouri connected\\nNashville to St. Louis, passed through St. Gene-\\nvieve, and was established in the year 1850, but\\nafterwards discontinued. At this period nothing\\nseemed so wonderful and miraculous, to witness\\nthe flashes of intelligence flying with the rapidity\\nof lightning, through the first town of Upper Lou-\\nisiana.\\nThe first important improvement in the State\\nof Missouri was the plank road made between St.\\n(lenevieve and Iron Mountain, which took place\\nAugust 20th, 1S51, being forty-two miles in length.\\nSo important was this first great enterprise con-\\nsidered, that a corps of talented engineers were\\nemployed to construct and supervise this work,\\nwhich consisted of James P. Kirkwood, chief en-\\ngineer of the Missouri Pacific Railroad William\\nR. Singleton, an active and competent engineer,\\nnow of Washington City also the unfortunate\\nSullivan, of the Gasconade bridge disaster and\\nthe young, active and talented Joseph A. Miller,\\nnow of Providence, Rhode Island. These scien-\\ntific persons afterwards acquired a national repu-\\ntation as civil engineers and railroad builders in\\nMissouri and in the far West. Over this plank\\nroad, for a few vears, an immense business was", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0149.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "134\\ncarried on in lead, iron, cobalt, nickel, marble and\\ngranite, and agricultural products of all kinds.\\nOld St, Genevieve, F ort Chartres and\\nKaskaskia.\\nIt is a remarkable fact, that the first four per-\\nmanent settlements in the Great West, on the\\nbanks of the Father of Waters, have been\\ncompletely destroyed and swept away by the\\nfloods of this monarch of rivers and strange it is\\nto say, that of Fort Chartres, Kaskaskia, Le\\nVieux village de Ste. -Genevieve and New Mad-\\nrid nothing is left of them. Their old landmarks\\nand monuments, even many of the tombs and\\ngraves of the pioneers have been carried away by\\nthe floods and like the immortal De Soto s re-\\nmains, have been swept into the great waters of\\nthe gulf, buried forever as is often the fate of the\\nfounders of nations and empires.\\nFrench Population.\\nTo the period of 1S20, the population of the\\ntowns of Missouri was of French origin. They\\npossessed great industry and hospitality of char-\\nacter and were the pioneers of all great com.mer-", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0150.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "135\\ncial enterprises in the far West. They felled the\\nforests, excavated mines, established trading\\nposts, planted the standards of civilization along\\nthe banks of our great rivers. Their intellect\\nwas of a strong and vioforous character, thev had\\nhonesty of purpose, were of iron constitution, and\\ntheir promises and engagements were kept most\\nsacredly and religiously. They were the gallant\\nsons of France and the compeers of Lafayette.\\nOwing to the change of government and the great\\nwave of immicrration to the West, there are now\\nbut few of their progeny who remain to commem-\\norate and chant their gallantry and virtues, and to\\nweep over the graves of this noble race, who first\\nplanted the standard of liberty and Christianity\\nover the broad domains of the great State of Mis-\\nsouri.\\nThe people of St. Genevieve, exactly since a\\ncentury and a half, have lived under four differ-\\nent governments without encountering great dis-\\nasters or bloody wars, in such remarkable changes,\\nwhich are generally accompanied with great dis-\\norders and misfortunes. They first lived and\\nwere subjects of the great French nation to the\\nyear 1769 secondly they fell under the jurisdic-\\ntion and dominion of Spain until 1800; again un-\\nder the Napoleon dynasty, until 1804 and lastly,\\nand thank God, under the flag of the United States\\nof America, from the last period to the present\\ntime, and to be hoped for all future time.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0151.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "136\\nNewspapers Published at St. Genevieve.\\nThe first paper was The Correspondent and\\nRecord, in 1821, 1822 and 1823 by Thomas\\nFolley State Gazette, in 1833, edited by\\nWilham B, Baker Missouri Democrat, edited\\nby P. G. Ferguson 1849, Pioneer, edited by\\nJames Lindsay and Concanon 1850, Creole,\\nedited by Charles C. Rozier, also The Pioneer,\\nby James H. Dixon, in 1850; 1854, Indepen-\\ndent, edited by Amable Rozier 1859, Mis-\\nsouri Gazette, edited by E. K. P^aton 1859,\\nPlaindealer, edited by O. D. Marris 1865,\\nRepresentative, edited by Halleck Brother\\n1868, News and Advertiser, edited by G. M.\\nSetto 1872, Fair Play, edited by Henry\\nSmith; 1872, Freie Presse and Freie Blatter,\\nedited by Frank Kline 1874, Free Press, ed-\\nited by Kline Earnst 1874, P reie Presse,\\nedited by Dr. C. F. Carsour 1879, Fair Play\\nedited by Henry Smith; Valley Herald,\\nHenry Shaw, and St. Genevieve Herald,\\nby Joseph A. Earnst, in 1882-5.\\nMembers of the Legislature of Missouri\\nFROM St. Genevieve.\\nState Senators Hon. Joseph Bogy, Sr.,1822\\nHon. Lewis F. Linn, 1830; Hon. Charles C.\\nValle, 1834; Hon. Conrad C. Ziegler, 1854;\\nHon. Firmin A. Rozier, 1872.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0152.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "137\\nLower House Hon. A. G. Bird, 1822 Hon.\\nPeter Dagget, 1824; Hon. Beverly Allen, 1826;\\nHon. John S. Barret, 1828 Hon. Robert Moore,\\n1830; Hon. Joseph Bogy, Sr., 1832 Hon.\\nClement Detchniendy, 1834-6 Hon. Allen Hol-\\nloman, 1838; Hon. Thomas M. Horine, 1840;\\nHon, Joseph Coffman, 1842 Hon. Robert J.\\nBoas, 1844 Hon. Jeremiah Robinson, 1846\\nHon. Johnson B. Clardy. 1848 Hon Jesse B.\\nRobbins, 1850; Hon. Sifroid Rousfin, 1852;\\nHon. Lewis V. Bogy, 1854; Hon. Firmin A.\\nRozier, 1856; Hon. Robert J. Boas, 1858;\\nHon. John Watkins, i860; Hon. David C.\\nTuttle, 1862 Hon. George Bond, 1864 Hon.\\nJoseph Bogy, Jr., 1868 Hon. Antoine Beltrami,\\n1870; Hon. Robert J. Madison, 1872 Hon.\\nWilliam Cox, 1874 Hon. Jasper N. Burks, 1876\\nHon. Wilham Cox, 1878 Hon. L. S. Patterson,\\n1880; Hon. T. P. Boyer, 1884.\\nJudges of the Circuit Court, from 1820\\nTO 1879.\\nFirst judge, Richard S. Thomas, 1820 sec-\\nond judge, John D. Cook, 1825 third judge,\\nWilliam Scott, 1835 fourth judge, Henry\\nSchurids, 1837 fifth judge, James Evans, 1837\\nsixth judge, David Sterigere, 1839 seventh\\njudge, John H. Stone, 1844 eighth judge, James\\nW. Owens, 1863; ninth judge, William Carter,", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0153.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "1864; tenth judge, John B. Robinson, 1874;\\neleventh judge, W. N. Nalie, 1878 twelfth judge,\\nJohn H, Nicholson, 1879 thirteenth judge,\\nJames D. Fox, 1880-85.\\nClerks of the Court.\\nFirst, Thomas Oliver second, Joseph D.\\nGrafton third, Jesse B. Robbins fourth, John\\nN. Littlejohn fifth, Charles G. Rozier sixth,\\nJohn L. Bogy seventh, Joseph Beauman\\neighth, Jules Guyon.\\nSheriffs 1820 to 1879.\\nFirst, Henry Dodge second, Francis Valle\\nthird, John S. Barret fourth, John Bapt. Vital\\nSt. Gem fifth, Eloy Lecompte sixth, Emman-\\nuel Pratte seventh, William Adams eighth,\\nJesse B. Robbins; ninth, Robert J. Boas; tenth,\\nWilliam C. Warner eleventh, Francis I. Mor-\\neau twelfth, Jacob Boas thirteenth, George D.\\nScott fourteenth, Andrew Anderson fifteenth,\\nRobert J. Madison; sixteenth, Joseph Huck\\nseventeenth, James J. Wilson eighteenth, Louis\\nNorman nineteenth, Feon Yokeest.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0154.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "I\\nGrand Celebration of the Anniversary of\\nSt, Genevieve, July 21, 1885, at the\\nCity of St. Genevieve,\\nA throng of people attended this celebration.\\nIt was the anniversary of the Old Town of St.\\nGenevieve of one hundred and fifty years and\\nof the city of St. Genevieve of one hundred\\nyears, being the first settlement west of Missis-\\nsippi river in Upper Louisiana. The place sel-\\nected for meeting was on Maxwell Hill, a\\nbeautiful hill that overlooks the river, Kaskaskia\\nand Port Chartres.\\nIn attendance was a military company, known\\nas St. Louis Cavalry and Artillery, com-\\nmanded by Captain R. L. Henry, which fired\\nthe national salute of 21 guns, at six o clock and\\nthirty minutes, to commence the celebration of\\nthe day, when High Mass was chanted, and\\nFather Huttler preached the sermon upon the\\nexamplary lives of the old pioneers. In attend-\\nance -^n Maxwell Hill, was the Schuchert s\\nCornet Band from Chester, Illinois.\\nThe arrival of the large steamer Will S. Hays,\\ncrowded with people from St. Louis, also arrived\\nthe steamer Bellefontaine from Chester, also the\\nNick Swaer from Kaskaskia river, A proces-\\nsion was formed from the city to Maxwell Hill", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0155.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "140\\npreceded by the St. Genevieve Cornet Band,\\nfollowed by the Mayor of the city, city officers,\\nclergymen, county officers, and the citizens\\naccompanied by a beautiful float conducted by\\nthe ladies.\\nWhen the procession reached the grand en-\\ntrance of the hill, the three flags of France,\\nSpain, and the United States were unfurled,\\nwhilst the artillery announced that the procession\\nand the people had arrived to celebrate so inter-\\nesting an occasion. The assemblage was address-\\ned by General Firmin A. Rozier, the appointed\\norator of the day, who was followed by Honorable\\nAlex. J. P, Garesche, Colonel F. T. Lederberger,\\nMajor William Cozzens, and Commodore Lyn-\\ndon A. Smith, secretary of Mayor Francis of\\nSt. Louis.\\nOver five thousand persons had congregated for\\nthis celebration and were enjoying themselves\\nand partaking the good things of this world, when\\nsuddenly, at four o clock in the evening, the\\nclouds began to darken the earth, and a terrific\\nstorm suddenly arose, that scattered the people\\nin all directions, reminding us of the great flood\\nand storm ot one hundred years ago, which made\\nso memorable the year 1785.\\nSt. Genevieve, as the first permanent settle-\\nment west of the Mississippi river, in the then\\nGreat West, has the honor of hiving first planted", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0156.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0157.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0158.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "HI\\nthe banner of civilization, and in the language of\\nthe poet\\nI greet the land of the West,\\nWhose banners of stars, over the world unfold,\\nWhose empire overshadows Atlantic s wide breast,\\nAnd opens the Sunset, its great gateway of gold.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0159.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "142\\nII.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 THE ST. LOUIS DISTRICT. HIS-\\nTORY OF ST. LOUIS\\nAfter Laclede Liguest and his associates ob-\\ntained a charter from the Gf)vernor of Louisiana\\nof an exclusive trade with the Indians of the Mis-\\nsouri and the Upper Mississippi as far as St. Pe-\\nters River, they embarked on their small flotilla at\\nNew Orleans on the 3d day of August, 1763, to\\nstem the strong current of the F ather of Waters,\\napd to select a site on its magnificent banks to\\nbuild a trading-post, which they did on the 15th\\nday of February, i 764, giving it the name of St.\\nLouis. In the prophetic language of Laclede, its\\nfounder, That he had found a situation where\\nhe intended to establish a settlement which might\\nbecome hereafter one of the finest cities in Amer-\\nica. This judicious location was made on the\\nbanks of the Mississippi about twenty miles below\\nthe mouth of the Missouri. These two mighty\\nrivers, whose waters roll down to the Gulf of\\nMexico, tlien traversing a rash wilderness, had\\nas yet been only ruffled by the Indian canoe.\\nNo sooner had these persons felled the forest and\\nopened a large street parallel to the river, and\\ncleared It of its incumbrances, that they erected", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0160.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "143\\nlog houses suitable as a trading-post. Shortly\\nafterwards, on November loth, 1764, a tribe of\\nMissouri Indians, about one hundred and fifty\\nwarriors, with their squaws, visited this location,\\nseemed highly pleased with its pioneers, deter-\\nmined to pitch their tents amongst them perma-\\nnently, but Laclede for good reasons got rid of\\nthem they soon departed, and strange as it may\\nappear, never troubled them afterwards.\\nThe following negotiation and intercourse was\\nheld by Laclede and these savages, the chiefs\\nholdinor the followino; lanofuaofe\\nWe are worthy of pity for we are like the\\nducks and geese, seeking some clear water upon\\nwhich to rest themselves, and to obtain an easy\\nexistence. We know of no better place than\\nwhere we are. We mean to build our wigwams\\naround your village. We shall be your children,\\nand you will be our father.\\nLaclede here closed tlie talk, promising them a\\nreply, at a meeting to take place the next day, on\\nwhich occasion he said\\nYou told me yesterday, that you were like\\nthe ducks and geese, who go on traveling until\\nthey find a fine country, where they can rest them-\\nselves and obtain an easy living you told me\\nyou were worthy of pity that you were looking\\nout for a spot to settle upon, and had not found\\none more suitable than this that you would build\\nyour village around me that we should live all\\ntogether like friends. I wish to answer you like", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0161.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "144\\na orood father, and I must say that, if you imitate\\nthe ducks and geese, you follow guides that have\\nno forethought, for if they had any, they would\\nnot settle on clear water, where they can be seen\\nby the eagle, who would catch them. This would\\nnot be the case were they to select a retired spot,\\nwell shadowed by trees. You Missourias, you\\nwould not be devoured by birds of prey, but by\\nthe Red Men who have been so long warring\\nagainst you, and have already so much reduced\\nyour numbers. They are at this moment not far\\nfrom here, watching the English to prevent them\\nfrom taking possession of their grounds. If they\\ndiscover that you are here, they will kill your\\nwarriors, and make slaves ot your wives and\\nchildren. This is what will happen to you, if as\\nyou say, you mean to follow the example of the\\nducks and geese, instead of listening to the coun-\\nsels of men who reflect. You chiefs and warriors\\nthink now whether, it is not more prudent, that\\nyou leave here quickly, rather than be crushed by\\nsuperior numbers of your enemies, in sight of\\nyour butchered old men, and Our women and\\nchildren torn to pieces, and their limbs scattered\\nto the dogs and vultures. Recollect that it is the\\ngood father who speaks to you. Meditate well\\nwhat he has said, and come back to-night with\\nyour answer.\\nThe whole tribe in council informed him they\\nwould follow his advice, but S(jlicitecl provisions\\nfor the women and children, also powder for their", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0162.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "145\\nwarriors, which Laclede gave them. The next\\nday, they left, and ascended the river of their\\nfathers, the Missouri, and returned to their vil-\\nlao-es and firesides.\\nMilitary and Civil Organization of the Post\\nOf St. Louis in 1765.\\nSoon after these savages left, St. Louis received\\nan accession of French inhabitants from the\\nIllinois, greatly owing to their aversion of living\\nunder the dominion of England. The fortunate\\narrival of St. Ange de Belle Rive, in the latter\\npart of October, 1765, at the post of St. Louis,\\nwith his military company, consisting of two lieu-\\ntenants and twenty soldiers, accompanied by the\\ncivil officers of the Illinois, established order,\\nwhich gave great confidence to the inhabitants,\\nsecurity to life and property, on the west side of\\nthe Mississippi river, then known as Upper Lou-\\nisiana.\\nSt. Ange was a distinguished French officer,\\nformer commander of the Wabash, and afterwards\\nof Fort Chartres. He acted as commander of\\nthe post of St. Louis from the latter part of Octo-\\nber, 1765, until the Spaniards took possession of\\nUpper Louisiana. St. Ange after this, became a", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0163.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "146\\nSpanish officer, Captain in the Spanish regiment\\nof Louisiana. He died in St. Louis, December\\n27th, 1774, reaching the ripe age of seventy-five\\nyears, much esteemed as a gallant officer, having\\nthe honor of being the first commander of the post\\nof St. Louis, under the French lilies. During\\nthe command of St. Ange, Captain Francisco\\nRios, a Spanish officer, with troops, in the name\\nof Spain, attempted to take possession of Upper\\nLouisiana, August iith, 1767, without displacing\\nSt. Ange. Owing to the hostility, French inhab-\\nitants induced Rios July 17th, 1769 to return to\\nNew Orleans with his troops to join Count O Rei-\\nly. Whilst Rios was in Upper Louisiana he\\nerected a fort, called Fort Prince Charles on a\\nhigh bluff, on the south side of the Missouri river,\\nabout fourteen miles north of St. Louis. This\\nfort was afterwards occupied by General James\\nWilkerson in the year 1805, with United States\\ntroops.\\nWhen St. Ange left Fort Chartres for St.\\nLouis, he was accompanied by the civil authori-\\nties of Illinois, consisting of Joseph Lefebre\\nDubruisseaux, Attorney General of the King, and\\nJudge in the Royal Jurisdiction, which office he\\nheld until his death, which occurred in St. Louis\\nApril 3d, 1767. He was also at the time, the\\nKing s Military Storekeeper. The other impor-\\ntant officer was Joseph Labuxiere, the deputy of\\nthe King s attorney, secretary and notaire public,\\nof the Illinois. After the death of Dubruisseaux,", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0164.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "147\\nhe became the principal civil officer under St,\\nAnge, and acted as such, at the post of St. Louis,\\nuntil St. Ange delivered the St. Louis post to the\\nSpaniards on May 20th, 1770. The French offi-\\ncers, who took charge of Upper Louisiana from\\n1765 to 1770, were regular officers then of the\\nIllinois country under the French lilies hence\\ntheir authority was recognized willingly by the in-\\nhabitants of the west side of the Mississippi.\\nThe patriarchs of St. Louis were Laclede\\nChouteau, Labadie, Lefebre, Conde, Cere, La-\\nbuxiere, Chauvin, Sarpy, St. Ange, Guyon, Ortes\\nLajoie, Vasquez and others, all persons of prom\\ninence and boldness of character, of jovial dispo-\\nsition, with great honesty of purpose. Their\\noccupations were as hunters, traders in furs and\\npeltries, some few as cultivators of the soil, others\\nas voyageurs on western waters. With strong\\narms and stout hearts, they planted on this mon-\\narch river, the banners of civilization, and laid the\\nfoundation of the great Central City of the United\\nStates.\\nChurches in St. Louis.\\nUnder a rude tent, that was erected in the\\nmidst of the forest of St. Louis, that fringed the\\nbanks of the Mississippi, stood Father T. L.\\nMaurin, a Catholic missionary, dressed in his cas-", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0165.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "148\\nsock, adorned by a cross on his breast, officiating\\nas a priest in the years 1764 to 1768. In the year\\n1768, a small chapel was erected on the north-\\neast corner of what was known as Cathedral\\nBlock. Afterward a Catholic church was built,\\nthirty feet by sixty feet, on this block which was\\nconsecrated January 28, 1776, the year of the\\nAmerican Independence. This was replaced by\\na cathedral, which was consecrated to God on the\\n26th day of October, 1834, by Bishop Rosati. A\\nportion of this Catholic block was occupied as a\\ngraveyard, which was afterwards abandoned as\\nsuch, and the graves removed to other places,\\nwhilst fine buildings now cover this former ceme-\\ntery Such is the fate of the founders of cities,\\nin the new world, whose ashes are disturbed often\\nby the rapid tread of emigration.\\nCarondelet.\\nA short time after the settlement of St. Louis,\\nCarondelet was founded by Delore de Trigette,\\nin the year 1767, in honor of Baron Carondelet,\\nSt. Charles was established later, in 1769, by\\nBlanchette Chasseur also Florissant, by Buro-\\nsier Dunegan, in 1776, the year of the declara-\\ntion of the American Independence; these places\\nall became important points in the great West.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0166.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "H9\\nSt. Louis Invaded by the English and Indians\\nMay 26th 1780.\\nSome fifteen years after the settlement of St.\\nLouis, its commerce had greatly increased, when\\nits population numbered six hundred and eighty-\\nseven persons (687). Its important position, had\\nexcited the jealousy of the EngHsh, along the\\nwestern lakes, against the Spaniards, who con\\ntroled the country west of the Mississippi river,\\nand were then at war with England, whilst Spain\\nsympathized with the Colonies of America dur-\\ning the revolution hence their enmity and attack\\nupon the post of St. Louis. An event in 1779 oc-\\ncurred that hastened a warlike expedition in 1780.\\nOne Dominique Ducherme, a Canadian and In-\\ndian trader, who lived at intervals at Cahokia and\\nMackinaw, beine a man of orreat inOuence amono-\\nthe Indians along the western lakes, obtain-\\ned a supply of Indian goods, and proceeded\\nup the Missouri river to trade with the Indians,\\nwhen a party of Spanish soldiers from the port of\\nSt. Louis overtook him they seized his boat of\\ngoods, whilst Ducherme made his escape only\\nwith his gun and life. This caused him to swear\\nvengeance, against the post of St. Louis.\\nDucherme returned to the lakes, and raised the\\nwar-whoop among the savages, Canadians and", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0167.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "I50-\\nEnglish, against the Spaniards at the post of St.\\nLouis. At this time St. Louis had a stockade\\nconsisting of upright posts set in two rows, filled\\nwith earth it was partially carried around the\\nexterior of the village, with three openings for\\negress to the commons and common-fields. It\\nwas protected by a fort mounted with a few\\ncannons.\\nAt this period St. Louis was under the domin-\\nion of Spain, but nearly all its inhabitants were\\nFrench, whilst France and Spain were at war\\nwith England. The original district of St. Louis,\\nestablished by the Spaniards, was bounded north\\nby the Missouri river, east by the Mississippi\\nriver, south by the Merrimac river, w est inde-\\nfinitely.\\nBoat and Cargo Captured by the English\\nAND Indians.\\nIn March 1780, previous to the attack on St.\\nLouis, rumors were rife of an English and Indian\\narmy, to devastate this post and Cahokia. To\\nshow the English and Indian animosity, Charles\\nGratiot, a merchant, then living at Cahokia,\\nsent up the Mississippi river a barge loaded with\\nprovisions and stores in March 1780 to Prairie\\ndu Chien, then in possession of the English and\\nIndians this boat was under the command of\\nJohn B. Cardinal. It was captured with its car-", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0168.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "151-\\ngo, some thirty miles below Prairie du Chien,\\nand the crew made prisoners and ironed, Charles\\nGratiot previous to this, had obtained permission\\nfrom Governor Leyba, and the American autho-\\nrity at Kaskaskia, to trade upon the Mississippi\\nriver above St. Louis.\\nBritish and Indians.\\nThe British Commandant, at Mackinackinac,\\norganized along the western lakes, a force of one\\nhundred and forty regulars, and about fourteen\\nhundred Indians and Canadians, who marched to\\nthe post of St. Louis. A part of these troops\\ncrossed the Mississippi and the Missouri rivers,\\nabove St. Louis, so as to assault it by the rear,\\nwhen the attack was made on the 26th of May,\\n1780, known as I annee du coup. The assault\\nwas sudden and quickly over, a few persons\\nkilled on the prairie back of the post, whilst\\nthrough the whole expedition about sixty persons\\nwere killed or made prisoners of war. The citi-\\nzens of St. Louis and the company from St.\\nGenevieve, did all that could de done, under the\\nstrange and unaccountable orders of Governor\\nLeyba, Commandant of the post, which de-\\nprived the citizens and militia of powder, order-\\ning some cannons to be spiked, and his tyran-\\nnical conduct to the St. Genevieve company,\\nwho had come to defend St. Louis.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0169.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "-152-\\nThe behaviour of this company during the\\nattack on St. Louis has been variously judged,\\nbut all criticism is groundless, as the writer has\\noften taken occasion to prove from authentic\\nsources. The following commentary on one of\\nhis early pleas is quoted from the Western your-\\nnal\\nIn noticing this attack on St. Louis, page 78\\nof the 2d Vol. of the Western Journal, we used\\nthe followiiig language The inhabitants of the\\ntown repelled the attack with spirit and bravery,\\nbut the greater part of a company of militia that\\nhad been broutrht from St. Genevieve to aid in\\nthe defense of the town, either through fear or\\ntreachery, hid themselves in a garret, during the\\nattack while the Lieutenant-Governor, Leyba,\\nwho, as it was believed, had been bribed by the\\nBritish, was guilty of the most open acts of treach-\\nery to the citizens.\\nWe made the foregoing statement on the au-\\nthority, though, perhaps, not in the precise words,\\nof Mr. Prinim s anniversary address. Not doubt-\\ning but that Mr. Primm, and also, the author of\\nthe article before us, have both stated the circum-\\nstances attending the attack on St. Louis accord-\\ning to their belief in the sources whence they\\nrespectively obtained their information, yet, in\\nour estimation, the account of ^L^ Rozier appears\\nmore consistent with the character and relations\\nof the parties concerned.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0170.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "153\\nIt is admitted on all hands that the Lieutenant-\\nGovernor Leyba, was a traitor and we must\\nsuppose that he had sufficient inducements, from\\nsome quarter, for his conduct but it is difficult\\nto imagine what motives could induce the men of\\nSt. Genevieve to betray their countrymen and\\nneighbors especially in a country containing so\\nfew civilized inhabitants. Nor, should we admit\\nthe suspicion of cowardice, in respect to such\\nmen, without very strong proof.\\nInhabitants of a small village surrounded by\\nsavages remote from the protection and succor\\nof civilized men; voyageurs on the Mississippi,\\nenured to hardships and dangers and, withal\\ndescended from a gallant race, the men of St.\\nGenevieve could scarcely be guilty of cowardice\\nin the defense of a neighboring village of their\\nown countrymen. The treachery of Leyba, a\\nSpanish officer, for whoni the inhabitants of St.\\nGenevieve could have had but little sympathy,\\nsufficiently accounts, in our opinion, for the con-\\nduct of the St. Genevieve company. Those\\nhardy pioneers prepared the way for the settle-\\nment of this country they suffered many priva-\\ntions and it devolves upon us of the present\\ngeneration, as a sacred duty, to preserve the\\nrecord of their virtues and as far as truth will\\npermit rescue their character from every dishon-\\norable imputation. This we owe to them, to the\\nhonor ot our common country, and to history.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0171.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "154-\\nDuring this attack, the post of St. Louis was\\nsaved by Colonel Clark and his troops, who sud-\\ndenly appeared, which caused the retreat of the\\nBritish and Indians.\\nCHANSON DE L ANNEE DU COUP.\\nPAR JOHN P. TRUDEAU.\\nLE GOUVERNEUR.\\nCourrier, qu y a-t-il de nouveau\\nTu parais trouble du cerveau\\nLes Illinois sont-ils conquis\\nLes Anglais ont-ils pris le pays\\nTu parais tout deconcerte\\nQuel grand malheur est arrive?\\nLE COURRIER.\\nGrand General, tout est perdu,\\nS il n est promptement secouru\\nNous avons -ti attaques,\\nNous sommes encore menaces\\nBeaucoup de monde ont ete turs,\\nSans pouvoir secours leur donner.\\nQuand I ennemi a paru,\\nAux armes chacun a couru\\nHabitans, bourgeois, joli gens,\\nVous vous battrez vaillamment\\nMais la dt -fense a I tt- donnt -e\\nDe ne point sortir des trancht -es.\\nLE COUVERNEUR.\\nQue faisaient-ils en ce moment\\nEtaient-ils tous sans sentiment?", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0172.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "-155\\nN aviez-vous pas ce grand Leyba,\\nEt ce fameux Cartabona\\nAussi bien que votre Major,\\nEt toute la garde du fort\\nQue faisaient ils en ce moment,\\nEtaient-ils tous sans sentiment?\\nRevenez, canaille, revenez\\nDe long-temps vous ne nous surprendrez\\nNous avons dans notre rempart,\\nPour defendre notre etendard,\\nUn Commandant brave et prudent,\\nQui vous etrillera vaillamment\\nCalve, ce petit chaudronnier,\\nSe croirait-il brave guerrier.\\nPour avoir fait assassiner\\nSon neveu, pauvre infortune\\nPour voir ses parens, ses amis\\nAbandonnes, dans la prairie,\\nA des barbares pleins de furie\\nCanadiens sans coeur, sans honneur,\\nFaites egorger vos freres, vos sceurs\\nVous vous etes ensuite echappes\\nPar une fuite precipitee.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0173.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "156\\nDeclaration of War, in 1793, Against\\nTHE OSAGES, BY ZeNON TrUDEAU,\\nLieutenant-Governor.\\nThe Petits and Grands Osages, a tribe of\\nIndians, living in Missouri, became very trouble-\\nsome and were continually making- depredations\\nwhich induced Lieutenant-Governor Zenon Tru-\\ndeau, at St. Louis, to declare war against this\\ntribe of Indians on June 12, 1793. At this\\nperiod the Spanish military force was not very\\neffective, and the Spaniards had often to submit\\nto outrages and to sue for peace. Captain Stod-\\ndard relates one instance, amongst many others,\\nto explain the character of the Missouri Indians.\\nWhile a kind of predatory war raged in 1794\\nbetween one of these tribes and the whites, a\\npeace was concluded in a singular manner. A\\nwar chief, with a party of his nation, boldly\\nentered St. Louis and demanded an interview\\nwith the Lieutenant-Governor, to whom he said\\nWe have come to offer you peace. We have\\nbeen at war with you many moons, and what\\nhave we done Nothing. Our warriors have\\ntried every means to meet yours in battle, Init\\nyou will not, you dare not fight us you are a\\nparcel of old women. What can be done with\\nsuch a people, but to make peace, since you will", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0174.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "157\\nnot fight? I come therefore, to offer you peace,\\nand to bury the hatchet. The Spanish govern-\\nment was obhged to bear the insuk, and to grant\\nthe desired peace.\\nAnecdotes of St. Louis.\\nThe French descendants of St. Louis, still re-\\ntain numerous anecdotes of their ancestors, that\\ndescribe the unsophisticated nature of the Mis-\\nsourians. This is one of them\\nA genuine Missourian, it is related, was hov-\\nering for some time, around the stall of a negro\\ntrader, situated on the bank of the Mississippi, in\\nLower Louisiana. The dealer was a Kentucky\\nmerchant, who, observing him, asked him if he\\nwished to purchase anything. Yes, said the\\nMissourian, I would like to buy a negro. He\\nwas invited to walk in, made his choice and in-\\nquired the price. Five hundred (500) dollars,\\nsaid the clealear, but according to custom, you\\nmay have one year s credit upon the purchase.\\nThe Missourian, at this proposition, became very\\nuneasy the idea of having such a load of debt\\nupon him for a whole year, was too much. No,\\nno, said he, I rather pay you the six hun-\\ndred dollars at once, and be done with it.\\nVery well, said the obliging Kentuckian,\\nanything to accommodate you.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0175.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "-158-\\nAnecdote of Carondelet.\\nThe tenacity with which the old inhabitants\\nadhered to the pursuits of their ancestors is ilkis-\\ntrated very forcibly in a single transaction at Ca-\\nrondelet. A passenger landed froni one of the\\nsteam-boats, that grounded on the bar opposite\\nthe town, and accosted a young citizen who was\\ntaking his departure for St. Louis with a horse\\ncart-load of wood.\\nThe traveler offered to load the cart with himself\\nand trunk. The proprietor remarked that his\\ncart was loaded with wood. The stranger in-\\nquired the value of the load, and was told it was\\nworth seventy-five cents in St. Louis. Throw\\nit off, then, said he, and I will give you one\\ndollar for transporting me to the city. The\\nhonest villager smoked one pipe over the propo-\\nsition, and then, with the utmost civility, declined\\nthe proffer, politely remarking My fader\\nhave always carry wood to market. I do the\\nsame thing bonjour monsieur.\\nSt. Louis from its Foundation, in 1764,\\nTo 1820.\\nFrom the first settlement of St. Louis to 1820,\\nwhen Missouri was admitted as a State of the\\nUnion, the hunters, voyageurs, trappers, and\\ncoureurs des bois, formed an important element", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0176.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "-159-\\nof its population, for from this source was obtain-\\ned a great traffic in furs and peltries. These\\nhardy, robust and brave men penetrated our\\nvast forests, explored extensive reg-ions, and\\nnavigated the most turbulent streams and rivers,\\namidst perils and dangers known only to persons\\ninhabiting the great wilderness of the West.\\nNicollet well remarks that they penetrated\\ninto the forest, in the midst of numberless tribes\\nof Indians, till then unknown, to explore the ex-\\ntensive regions, between the Mississippi and the\\nRocky Mountains, and thus created the fur trade\\nof this portion of North America. That they\\npossessed great courage and power of physical\\nendurance, they feared neither the inclemency of\\nthe seasons, the pain of hunger, the arrows of\\nthe Indians, nor the danger of exposure to wild\\nbeasts never despairing and always cheerful,\\ngifted with the warmest friendship, they knew all\\nthe rivers, all the paths and by-paths, and all the\\nrecesses of the wilderness.\\nThe City of St. Louis.\\nThe acquisition of Upper Louisiana by the\\nUnited States, was of great advantage to the city\\nof St. Louis, in its commercial, social, and polit-\\nical organization. Its central position in the\\nGreat West, and location upon the banks of a", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0177.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "i6o\\nmonarch river, commanding a large comm.erce,\\nwhilst it became the nucleus of our Western\\ntroops, compelled the establishment ot the mail\\nservice, to the great convenience of the inhabit-\\nants of the valley of the Mississippi. Its rapid\\ngrowth and gigantic strides in population, caused\\nas early as 1808, the establishment of the Mis-\\nsouri Gaseteer, a newspaper, which became the\\norgan of the Territorial Legislature. The great\\nfur and peltry trade then grew in the far West to\\nimmense proportions, controling greatly the mar-\\nkets of Europe.\\nThe future of St. Louis no one can foresee,\\nits growth is that of a giant, and nothing can re-\\ntard its being one of the most populous and\\nwealthy cities of the world. Its extensive con-\\nnections, railroad lines, and telegraphic commu-\\nnications, will be unsurpassed, in the race for\\ncivilization.\\nBloody Island.\\nIt was an island formerly opposite the City of\\nSt. Louis, so called from the numerous duels\\nfought there. It was then within the limits of the\\nState of Illinois. Fhere many fatal encounters\\ntook place, which brought grief and sorrow to\\nnumerous families.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0178.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "i6i\\nREMARKABLE DUELS.\\nI Benton and Lucas.\\nIt was in the year 1817, that the famous duel\\nbetween Senator Thomas H. Benton and Mr.\\nCharles Lucas took place on Bloody Island.\\niMr. Darby gives the following histry of it\\nBenton went to vote, at a greneral election\\nLucas challenged his vote Benton denounced\\nhim on the spot as a scoundrel. Lucas challenged\\nhim. They went over to Bloody Island just\\nat sunrise, and fought. The ball from Benton s\\npistol cut one of the veins in Lucas neck, and he\\nfell. The seconds reported him unable to stand\\na second fire. Benton insisted that they should\\nmeet again as soon as Lucas got well. The\\nbullet from Lucas pistol merely grazed Benton s\\nleg. After three months nursing and care, Lucas\\ngot well. They again met at sunrise, on the\\nIsland, in mortal combat. They exchanged shots.\\nBenton shot Lucas in the left breast he fell and\\nexpired in about twenty minutes. Before dying,\\nhe called Benton to him, gave him his hand, and\\ntold him he forgave him. Lucas never touched\\nBenton with his shot. Both pistols were fired so\\nsimultaneously that the people on the shore, who\\nheard the report, thought there had been but one\\nshot.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0179.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "l62\\n2. The Fatal Duel between Major Thomas\\nBiDDLE, OF THE UnITED StATES ArMY, AND\\nHon. Spencer Pettis, Member of Congress,\\nAugust 25, 1831.\\nThis duel, one of the most fatal and bloody that\\noccurred in the West, on Bloody Island, was be-\\ntween Major Thomas Biddle and Hon. Spencer\\nPettis, occurring in August, 1831. The seconds\\nwere Captain Thomas and Major Ben. O Fallon,\\nof St. Louis. The cause of this duel was very\\naggravating, and difficult of compromise. The\\nparties met face to face in August, 1831, on the\\nfield of honor, where The pistols were then\\nloaded, and put in the hands of the principals,\\nwho were stationed at the distance of five feet\\napart. The seconds then stood at right angles\\nbetween the principals. The seconds then cocked\\ntheir pistols, keeping their eyes on each other\\nand on their principals. They had thrown up for\\nposition, when Pettis had won the choice. Every-\\nthing being ready, the pistols having been loaded,\\ncocked and primed, and put into the hands of the\\nprincipals, the words were pronounced, according\\nto the rule of duelling Are you ready? Both\\nanswered, We are. The seconds then counted\\none two three. After the word was given,\\nboth principals fired with outstretched arms. The", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0180.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "i63\\npistols were twelve to fifteen inches in length and\\nthey lapped and struck against each other, as\\nthey were discharged. There was scarcely any\\nchance for either to escape instant death. They\\nboth fired so simultaneously, that the people on\\nshore heard only one report, and both men fell at\\nthe same time.\\nThis duel was characterized as one of the most\\ndesperate encounters, that had ever occurred in\\nthe Great West. Both parties were buried in\\nSt. Louis, Missouri. f\\nMarquis de Lafayette.\\nIt was on the 29th day of April, 1825, that the\\nsteamboat Natchez arrived at the port at St.\\nLouis, with brilliant banners and music, announ-\\ncing the arrival of the distinguished Marquis de\\nLafayette, when the whole population, without\\nregard to race, turned out to welcome this honor-\\ned veteran, of the New and Old Worlds. He\\nwas accompanied by his son, and by Mr. M.\\nLevasseur his secretary, and other distinguished\\npersons from New Orleans. Lafayette was hon-\\nored by a splendid banquet and ball, at the City\\nHotel. This noble and gallant friend of Wash-\\nington, was received throughout the United\\nStates, with open arms, and by a brilliant series\\nof hospitalities and public entertainments, for his\\nnoble deeds in behalf of the American people.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0181.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "164\\nThis ovation was everywhere under triomphal\\narches, with these words inscribed, and repeated\\nby the i)eople Welcome Lafayette.\\nThe steamer Natchez then proceeded to Kas-\\nkaskia, with Lafayette, accompanied by Gov-\\nernor Cole of Illinois. He was driven to the\\nhouse of General Edgar, a venerable soldier of\\nthe revolution, who was then surrounded by a\\nfew veterans. Lafayette was feasted by a public\\nball and dinner. He saw, whilst at Kaskaskia,\\nan Indian woman, named Sciakape, the daughter\\nof Pansiciowa, a chief of one the Six Nations,\\nwho, on his death-bed, gave Sciakape (the child\\nof the forest,) a letter from Lafayette, written to\\nher father, for his valour during the American\\nRevolution, to keep as a relic and Manitou, and\\nin times of tribulation of his tribe, to make use\\nof it. This noble daughter of the forest pre-\\nserved this nearly a half a century, for the letter\\nbore date June 1778. Sciakape whilst in camp\\non the Kaskaskia river, visited Lafayette at Kas-\\nkaskia, showed him this letter, she had kept with\\nso much care. Lafayette was overjoyed at the\\nfact that he was not forgotten by the children ol\\nthe forest, and felt rejoiced to meet the daughter\\nof this noble warrior, whom he esteemed so high-\\nly for his valor and bravery in the dark days of\\nthe Revolution. He complimented her for keep-\\ning so long this sacred trust, and thanked her\\nfrom the bottom of his heart for this mark of res-\\npect and kindness.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0182.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "THE PIASA MONSTER.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0183.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0184.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "i65\\nGreat Fire and Cholera in St. Louis,\\nIn 1849.\\nOn the 17th of May, 1849, the steamboat\\nWhite Cloud, then anchored near the foot of\\nCherry street, was discovered on fire, at ten\\no clock at night, and shortly was in flames. At\\nthe time the White Cloud was discovered on\\nfire the wind blew in great force from a north-\\neast direction. During this time, she became\\nloosened from the wharf, and drifted down the\\ncurrent, setting on fire several other steamers\\nwhich soon communicated with the city. The\\nriver and city were illuminated by this steamboat\\nconflagration. This terrible fire soon extended\\nfrom Locust to Market streets, destroying all the\\nbuildings between Second street and the river\\nbank.\\nAt two o clock A. M. on the i8th, the city res-\\nervoir was exhausted. Up to this time the\\nfiremen and people had done all they could to\\nstop this great destruction of property. Build-\\nings were blown up, and some valuable lives lost,\\nbut about eight o clock in the morning, after ten\\nhours of devastation, it was quelled. The loss\\nby this great fire was twenty-three steamers,\\nthree barges, one canal boat, with their valuable\\ncargoes, with four hundred buildings, stored with\\nmerchandise. The total loss was estimated at\\nthree millions of dollars.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0185.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "i66\\nThe Cholera.\\nThis terrible epidemic was introduced in St.\\nLouis by steamers from New Orleans, in the\\nlatter part of 1848. It broke out in the city Jan-\\nuary, 1849. and continued until August loth.\\nDuring this year the mortality was 8,603, from\\nwhich 4.613 died of cholera. The mortality\\namong foreigners was much greater than among\\npersons of American birth. Around Chouteau s\\nPond, and in the newly settled district in the\\nneighborhood of Biddle street, where there were\\nmany sinks, holding water, the disease was most\\nfatal. During this epidemic, the wind generally\\nprevailed from east to southeast, accompanied by\\ncloudy weather and copious rains. This mortal-\\nity was distressing and severely felt, as the pop-\\nulation of St. Louis was then about sixty thousand\\ninhabitants. A gloom and pall was thrown over\\nthe whole city.\\nFlood of 1844.\\nThe great rise in the Mississippi, in the year\\n1844, called the Great Flood of 1844, was\\ncaused by immense rains, that fell forty days and\\nnights, like the dc-luge, also accompanied by the\\nmelting of snows from tlie mountains, gave to", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0186.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "-16;^\\nthe river the appearance of an immense sea.\\nOpposite the city, the waters reached to the bluffs\\nof IlHnois, which could be reached by steamboats.\\nA great many persons, along i s banks, were\\ndriven from their stores and homes, and had to\\nbe sheliercd in warehouses and public buildings.\\nAlong the banks of the Mississippi, the destruc-\\ntion of property was enormous, which reduced\\nthousands to great want and poverty. It was\\nsome time before its inhabitants recovered from\\nthis disastrous event.\\nThe Grkat Bkidgk. 1874.\\nIt was a great event for St. Louis and the\\ncountry, when, on the Fourth day of July, 1874,\\nthe magnificent steel and iron bridge that spans\\nthe great Father of Waters, opposite the City of\\nSt. Louis, was completed, being one of the most\\nuseful and extraordinary works erected by the\\ngenius of man. It will always stand as a great\\nmonument of the enterprise of the citizens of St.\\nLouis, and reflect great honor to the architects\\nof this great work. The first stone of the mag-\\nnificent steel tubular bridge across the Mississippi\\nriver at this point was laid February 28th, 1868,\\nsince which time the work steadily progressed\\nunder the management of its originator and able\\nchief-engineer, Captain James B. Fads. The\\nbridge consists of three arches, the middle one", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0187.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "i68\\nbeing 520 feet clear, and the eastern and western\\neach 502 feet clear. The distance over the river\\nfrom center to center of abutments is 1,627 feet.\\nThe western approach measures 1,150 feet, and\\neastern 3,500 feet total length of the bridge and\\napproaches, 6,277 ^^^t, or one mile and about a\\nsixth. The tunnel, which passes west under\\nWashington avenue, and thence south under\\nEighth street, fs 5,000 feet in length. While the\\nmain purpose is for a railroad bridge, it is also\\nopen for the passage of horse cars, teams and\\npedestrians. The total cost of the bridge is esti-\\nmated at between seven and eight millions of\\ndollars.\\nPierre Liguest Laclede,\\nThe lounder of St. Louis, died and was buried at\\nthe village called Poste des Arkansas, on the\\nArkansas river, on the 20th June, 1778. This\\nbold, brave and indomitable adventurer has left a\\nname, as enduring, as the waters of the Missis-\\nsippi, that now wash the shores of St. Louis.\\nIt is not my purpose minutely to describe the\\npublic buildings of the City of St. Louis, consist-\\ning of court house, asylums, churches, school\\nhouses, colleges, custom house, public parks, and\\nits railroad connections and wonderful telegraph\\nlines, whilst at present it has reached a popula-\\ntion of half a million.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0188.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "169\\nST. LOUIS MAGISTRATES.\\nCfiAIRMEN OF THE TRUSTEES OF ST. LOUIS.\\nFrom its Incorporation as a Town, November qth, 1S09, 10\\nITS Incorporation as a City, December qth, 1822:\\n1810, Auguste Chouteau.\\ni8ii, Charles Gratiot,\\n1812,\\n1813,\\n1814, Clement B. Penrose.\\n1815, Elijah Beebe.\\n1816,\\n1S17, Elijah Beebe.\\n1 8 18, Thomas F. Riddick.\\n1S19, Peter Ferguson.\\n1820, Pierre Chouteau, Sr.\\n1821,\\n1822, Tonias McKnight,\\nMAYORS OF ST. LOUIS.\\nFrom its Incorporation as a City, December 9TH. 1822, to 1874.\\n1823, Wm. Can- Lane.\\n1824,\\n1825,\\n1826,\\n1827,\\n1828,\\n1829, Daniel D. Page.\\n1830,\\n1831,\\n1832,\\n1833, Samuel Merry.\\n1834, John W. Johnston,\\n1835, John F. Darby.\\n1836,\\n1837,\\n183S, Wm. Carr Lane.\\n1839,\\n1840, John F. Darby.\\n1841, John D. Dao-gett.\\n1842, George Maguire.\\n1843, Jobn M. Wimer.\\n1844, Bernard Pratte.\\n1845,\\n1846, Peter G. Camden.\\n1847, Bryan Mullanphy.\\n1848, John M. Krum.\\n1849, James G. Barry.\\n1850, Luther M. Kennett.\\n1851,\\n1852,\\n1853, John How.\\n1854,\\n1855, Washington King.\\n1856, John How.\\n1S57, John M. Wimer.\\n1858, Oliver D. Filley.\\n1859,\\ni860.\\n1861, Daniel G. Taylor.\\n1862,\\n1863, Chauncy I. Filley.\\n1864, James S. Thomas.\\n1S65,\\n1866,\\n1867,\\n1868,\\n1869, Nathan Cole.\\n1870,\\n1871, Joseph Brown.\\n1872,\\n1873,\\n1874,", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0189.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "I/O\\nIII\u00e2\u0080\u0094 DISTRICT OF CAPE GIRARDEAU.\\nThe original District of Cape Girardeau, un-\\nder the Spaniards, was bounded north by La\\nRiviere a la Pomme Apple creek), south by\\nTiwappatee Bottom, east by the Mississippi river\\nand fronting said river, about thirty miles, west\\nindefinitely. This territory originally was occu-\\npied by the Shawnee and Delaware Indians, who\\nhad several towns within its limits.\\nCape Girardeau was first settled and founded\\nby Don Louis Lorimier in the year 1794. Le\\nBaron de Carondelet, then Governor-General of\\nLouisiana, granted to Don Louis Lorimier,\\nOctober 26th, 1795, and January 26th, 1797, two\\ntracts of eight hundred arpents in Upper Louisi-\\nana, now Missouri, fronting the Mississippi river,\\nwithin the above district, upon which the city of\\nCape Girardeau is now located and which is situ-\\nated fifty miles above the mouth of the Ohio\\nriver, and one hundred and fifty miles below the\\ncity of St. Louis.\\nCape Girardeau lies upon a rich and beautiful\\nmarble formation, presents from the river a pleas-\\nant view, whilst the city is surrounded by a rich\\nagricultural country, and is serpented by very\\nhandsome streams.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0190.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "I/I\\nDon Louis Lorimier was a native of Canada\\nand born in the year 1749 afterwards removed\\non the Miami river, Ohio and his family was of\\nnoble blood. He was a well-formed man, nearly\\nsix feet high, walked erect and with elastic step,\\nhad a handsome face and was an elegant eques-\\ntrian. His complexion was fair, with blue eyes.\\nHe had a profusion of hair, which was tied up in\\na queue, fastened with ribbons, which he used at\\ntimes as a whip for his horse, whilst riding. Don\\nLouis Lorimier was fond of dress and display.\\nHe had a strong sympathy for the Indians, who\\nidolized him, for he usually joined them in their\\nsports and wild hunts. He spoke the French,\\nEnglish and Indian languages with fluency, which\\nwas very advantageous to him in his intercourse\\nwith the hunters of the West, and the Indian\\ntribes. He established at th Cape a trading\\npost, where he exchanged goods for furs and\\npeltries. Don Louis Lorimier was in the year\\n1 794 made commander of the Post of Cape\\nGirardeau by the Spanish Government, who had\\nthen possession of Upper Louisiana, with full civil\\nand military authority.\\nCommandant Lorimier married in Canada,\\nCharlotte Bougerville, she being a princess of\\nthe French-Indian half-blood. She bore him four\\nsons and three daughters Louis, Boukerville,\\nVerni, Victor, Maria Louise, Agatha and Lisette.\\nThe two sons, Boukerville and Verni, died with-", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0191.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "172\\nout marriage, also Lisette, the daughter. Louis\\nLorimier, the eldest son, married Margaret\\nPenny, who had the following children Stein-\\nback, Archibald, Marselette, Louisa and Odile\\nLorimier. Maria Louise married Thomas T.\\nRodney, and bore him four children Thomas\\nJefferson, Mary, Martin and Louis Rodney.\\nAgatha Lorimier, daughter of the Commandant,\\nmarried Daniel Steinback, and they had four\\nchildren. The Rodneys, Pennys and Steinbacks\\nwere early settlers at Cape Girardeau. Their\\nintercourse with the Lorimier family greatly\\nincreased their influence, and in their descendants\\nveins courses Indian blood, like many of the old\\nVirginia families.\\nCharlotte Lorimier, the first wife of the Com-\\nmandant Lorimier, being a Canadian and Cha-\\nwanon princess, of Indian half-blood, was of\\nmedium height, had hair as dark as a raven s\\nwing a woman of beautiful form, and of a volup-\\ntuous beauty, though fond of ornaments in her\\napparel and dress, was exceedingly neat and\\norderly. Her instincts and love were for the\\nIndians, and she always sought their friendship\\nand companionship, generally partook of their\\ninnocent sports and amusements. She died March\\n23d, 1808, and was buried in Cape Girardeau\\nCemetery, aged fifty years and two months.\\nUpon her tombstone was inscribed the follow-\\ning", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0192.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "THE CEDAR PYRAMID.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0193.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0194.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "173\\nTo the memory of Charlotte P. B. Lorimier, consort of Major\\nLouis Lorimier, who departed this 23d March, 1808, leaving four\\nsons and two daughters.\\nVixit Cahokiie proeses dignissima gentis\\nEt decus indigenum cjuam lapis iste tegit\\nIlia bonum didecit natura nassa magistra\\nEt, duce natura, sponte sicuta bonum est\\nTalis, honas memorum, nuUe cultore quotanis\\nMaturat fructus mitis oleva suos.\\n[translated.]\\nShe dwelt at Cahokia the most exalted princess of her tribe,\\nBy birth and natural gifts, and this slab covers her remains.\\nNature was her only mistress\\nAnd taught her knowledge of good.\\nShe was like the fruitful olive tree, that yearly\\nWithout cultivation brings its fruits to maturity.\\nCommandant Lorimier s second wife was Mary\\nBethune, being a French Delaware of the half-\\nblood, who bore him two children, who both died\\nin infancy. After the death of Lorimier, she\\nmarried one Doctor John Logan, of Illinois. She\\nhad the reputation of being an intelligent and\\nhandsome woman. This Doctor John Logan\\nafterwards married Miss Jenkins, sister of Gov-\\nernor Jenkins, of Illinois, who had a son named\\nJohn A. Logan, who was a senator from Illinois,\\nin the Senate of the United States.\\nThere is a tradition and romance, related in\\nearly times of Upper Louisiana of Commandant\\nLorimier and Captain Samuel Bradley, the great\\nIndian fighter of the Indian Territory, which\\nseems to have some foundation in fact. About", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0195.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "174-\\nthree miles from Cape Girardeau there is a Span-\\nish grant in the name of Captain Samuel Bradley,\\nfor reasons made as follows\\nDuring^ the French and English war, Lorimier\\nwhilst acting as an officer, at Detroit, had a skir-\\nmish with the English under Captain Bradley, in\\nwhich the French were worsted, and driven to\\ntheir block-house. Just as Lorimier jumped in\\nthis fort, through a port-hole. Captain Bradley\\ncaught him by the leg, when Lorimier cut his own\\nstraps, and by a sudden kick succeeded in recov-\\nerine his Iqq- minus his lefj2fins and moccasins\\nwhich were left as trophies in the hands of Cap-\\ntain Bradley. Years afterwards, when Lorimier\\nhad become a big Spanish Don at the Cape, and\\nCaptain Bradley had likewise ascended to power\\nand position at Vincennes, Indiana, the latter ex\\npressed to the former a willingness to return his\\nleggins and moccasins, whereupon an invitation\\nwas extended to visit the Cape. Captain Bradley\\nand a large retinue came, were received in high\\nold style, glorious times, last ditch filled up.\\neverybody drunk, and as a wind-up, a grant of\\nland was made to Captain Bradley in commemo-\\nration of his visit.\\nDeath ov Commandant Lorimier,\\nDon Louis Lorimier died at Cape Girardeau\\non the 26th June, 181 2, being then sixty-four\\nyears of age. He was buried in the cemetery", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0196.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "175\\ngiven by him, and a plain sandstone marks his\\nplace of burial. It is inscribed as follows\\nTo THE Memory of Major Louis Lorimier.\\nA native of Canada, and first settler,\\nAnd Commandant of the Post of Cape Girardeau,\\nUnder the Government of Spain,\\nWho departed this life the 26th June, 18 12,\\nAged sixty-four years and three months.\\nOssa habeant pacem tumulo cineresque sepulti\\nImmortali anima; luciat alma dies.\\nTRANSLATION.\\nPeace to his bones and his ashes, buried in the tomb.\\nMay the radiant light of the eternal day\\nIlluminate his immortal soul.\\nCivil and Military Jurisdiction.\\nThere was always important business before\\nthe commandants of the Spanish posts, both civil\\nand military, and business was dispatched without\\ntechnicalities of law and with convenience and\\nwithout delay. As an instance of the criminal\\ncode, here is the order and decision of Comman-\\ndant Lorimier in the case of Robert Pulllam, on\\ncharge of larceny\\n1 le is condemned to receive thirty lashes on\\nhis bare back, and to pay the expenses incurred\\nby this prosecution, and ro return the articles\\nstolen and said John Pulliam is ordered to de-\\npart from said district without further cielay, and", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0197.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "176\\nto appear no more therein, else he shall be liable\\nto receive five hundred lashes.\\nBerthelmy Cousin, the Linguist and Scien-\\ntific Man of the West.\\nThe Spanish Commandant, Lorimier, was for-\\ntunate during his administration to have such a\\ncompeer and friend for his secretary and inter-\\npreter, as the talented Berthelmy Cousin. This\\nremarkable man was the son of Marin Cousin of\\nthe parish of Greville, on the coast of Manche,\\nor the English Channel, three leagues westward\\nof Cherbourg, in France. Berthelmy Cousin was\\nborn on the 28th March, 1767. He left his home\\nin France in 1791, for the West Indies, From\\nthere he crossed over to America, and finally\\nlocated himself at Cape Girardeau. Cousin was\\nof small stature, but strong and athletic, and\\nbecame known as the Little Frenchman. He\\nbecame interpreter and secretary of the post of\\nCape Girardeau, during the Spanish regime in\\nUpper Louisiana.\\nCousin was a man of remarkable talents and of\\nvarious accomplishments, being a linguist, spoke\\nwell the Spanish, French, English and German\\nlanguages and was conversant with the Indian\\ndialects. He was well acquainted with the Span-\\nish and French code, and perfectly conversant", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0198.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "177\\nwith legal papers. Owing to his services to the\\nSpanish officers he was rewarded by Spain with\\nvaluable gfrants of land.\\nCousin was also a person of considerable erudi-\\ntion, and very proficient in mathematics and the\\nphysical sciences. He became an accomplished\\nsurveyor, and in that capacity was a great benefit\\nto the old inhabitants of Upper Louisiana. In\\nthat occupation he made a valuable friend of\\nAntoine Soulard, the old surveyor of St. Louis.\\nAs a mark of friendship, Cousin, by his will left\\nhim his valuable instruments. Few men who\\nsettled in early times in the great West possessed\\ngreater talents and scholarly attainments than\\nCousin. He had a comprehensive mind and gen-\\nerous impulses. Judge Robert Wilson of Cape\\nGirardeau well remarked that Cousin was what\\nwould be a valuable man anywhere, and at any\\ntime.\\nPopulation.\\nThe census of 1799, under Spanish authority,\\nshows that Cape Girardeau district contained five\\nhundred and twenty-one persons, and that at the\\nchange of government in 1804 it had increased\\nto one thousand two hundred and six persons.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0199.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "-178-\\nCity of Cape Girardeau.\\nThe city of Cape Girardeau was first laid out\\nas a regular town in the year 1805, ^^^t\\nincorporated in the year 1S24 and again in 1843.\\nThis city is now, in 1886, much improved in\\nbusiness and has good streets, and wharf,\\nwith railroad connection, with school houses, col-\\nlege, and convent, and several churches also\\nwith a normal school supported by the State of\\nMissouri, whilst its population has reached five\\nthousand.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0200.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "179-\\nIV\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ST. CHARLES DISTRICT.\\nSt. Charlp:s District under the Spaniards,\\n1769.\\nThis district under the Spaniards was bounded\\neast by the Mississippi river, south by the Mis-\\nsouri river, north and west undefined. It em-\\nbraced an immense territory, unsurpassed in cli-\\nmate and fertility of soil, bounded by magnificent\\nrivers, with rolling prairies covered with beautiful\\nflowers, with its great and wonderful forests. Its\\npopulation as recorded by the Spaniards in i 799\\nwas eight hundred and seventy-five persons, and\\nin 1804, under the United States, was fourteen\\nhundred whites and one hundred and fifty slaves.\\nDuring this period, the town of St. Charles was\\nfounded by Blanchette surnamed the Le Chas-\\nseur, in 1769. Its early inhabitants were Cana-\\ndians and Creoles. This town was located on\\nthe north bank of the Missouri river, about\\ntwenty-four miles above its mouth. It had ori-\\nginally but one street, fronting on the river, which\\nextended about one mile, and which in 1804 was\\nlined with about one hundred houses.\\nSubsequently to the establishment of St\\nCharles the village of Portage des Sioux was\\nsettled and located by Francois Saussier on the", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0201.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "i8o-\\nbanks of the Mississippi river, seven miles above\\nthe mouth of the Missouri, on an immense prairie\\nbottom. Its population in 1804 comprised about\\ntwenty-four families.\\nA Wonderful Painting on the High Bluffs\\nOF Illinois from 1673 to 1866.\\nOpposite the St. Charles District there existed\\nas early as 1673 on the rock bluffs of Illinois, on\\nthe Mississippi river above the city of Alton, a\\nremarkably large, heinous painting, which was\\nseen first by Marquette and Joliet, and still ex-\\nisted as late as 1866. It was painted on the\\nbluffs about twenty feet below the top of the cliff,\\nand about sixty feet above its base. It repre-\\nsented a hideous monster, being well executed\\nand painted in bold colors, which stood the test\\nof time until destroyed by the hand of the white\\nman. This wonderful painting was known by\\nthe Indians as a monster called Piesa, and was\\nheld by them in great fear and horror. Nor did\\nthey pass by it up and down the river without\\ndischarging their arrows and guns upon it. This\\nhideous picture seemed apparently inaccessible to\\nman, and it stood as a monument of the past to\\nthe glory of a people unknown to-day. By whom\\npainted, and, why, is buried in that gulf of the\\npast. The writer of this saw it in 1837, whilst\\ntraveling on board of the steamer Vandalia.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0202.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "I\\n8 1\\nMarquette states, in liis publication of same in\\nParis in 1681 Passing the mouth of the Illi-\\nnois we soon fell into the shadow of a tall prom-\\nontory, and with oreat astonishment beheld the\\nrepresentation of two monsters painted on its\\nlofty limestone front. Each of these frightful\\nfigures had the face of a man, the horns of a deer,\\nthe beard of a tiger, and the tail of a fish so long\\nthat it passed around the body, over the head\\nand between the legs. It was an object of Indian\\nworship, and greatly impressed me with the ne-\\ncessity of substituting for this monstrous idolatry\\nthe true God.\\nReverend Walter H. Hill, in Sketches of St.\\nLouis, states that Father De Smet related that\\nhe heard an aged chief of the Pottawattomies at\\nCouncil Bluffs in 1838 give the history about this\\npainting\\nThe Piasi, as the chief explained, being the\\nbird that devoured men. An island not far from\\nAlton siill bears the name Piasa, and according\\nto the chief it was a favorite haunt of this bird.\\nHe went on to tell how many thousand moons\\nbefore the arrival of the white man, when the\\ngreat mammoth that was slain by Nanabush still\\nroamed over the wild grassy plains, there existed\\na very large bird that could seize and carry off a\\nfull-grown deer in his talons as easily as a hawk\\ncould take up a wren. It once pounced on an\\nIndian brave, bore him off to a deep cavern under\\nthe neighboring cliffs and there devoured him,", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0203.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "l82\\nFrom that time forth it would feed on none\\nbut human flesh. In its voracit)- it depopulated\\nwhole villages of Illinois, nor could hundreds of\\nstout warriors destroy it. At length a bold chief\\nnamed Outaga, of great fame, was commanded\\nby the great Manitou, who appeared to him in a\\ndream, to single out twenty warriors, with bows\\nand poisoned arrows, and by them the hungry\\nPiasa should be slain.\\nThey found the huge bird perched on a high\\nrock that still bears his name and figure. All\\naimed their arrows at once and the fearful bird,\\ntransfixed with twenty arrows, fell dead near the\\nfeet of the brave chief Outaga. And to this day\\nin the dark cavern near the Rock Piasa, are\\nheaped the bones of many thousand Indians,\\nwhose flesh was food for the insatiable maw of\\nthis wins^ed monster.\\nLes Mamelles.\\nNear St. Charles originally stood two mounds,\\nof retrular surface, without trees or shrubs, but\\ncovered with grass, which were named by the\\nFrench Les Mamelles they had an elevation\\nof about one hundred and fifty feet, they pre-\\nsented from their summit a most beautiful and\\ngrand view of the surrounding country.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0204.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "i83-\\nThe Ckdar Pyramid.\\nWe reproduce the picture and description by\\nB. A. Alderson, Esq., of the Cedar Pyramid of\\nSt. Charles county, as it stood years ago\\nAmong the natural curiosities of our country,\\nthere is to be seen in Darst s Bottom, on the\\nMissouri river, St. Charles county, Missouri,\\nnear the base of a rock cliff, which is perpen-\\ndicular and two hundred feet in height, a column\\nwhich shoots up to the height of about one hun-\\ndred and sixty feet This vast column erected\\nby the great Architect of the Universe as a\\nspecimen of durability and grandeur, stands firm-\\nly as the everlasting hills\\nIts figure is that of the frustum of a pyramid\\nor more strictly speaking an obelisk whose\\nbai:e is a rectangular parallelogram, and the mean\\nof its sides twenty-eight by sixteen feet. This\\nmeasure was made at the apex of the debris from\\nthe main cliff, which is about half the height of the\\ncolumn. At this height, the space between the\\ncolumn and the face of the cliff, is four feet and\\nat the apex of the column, the distance is appar-\\nently ten or twelve feet. The cliff, and sides of\\nthis column which faces it are straight and\\nsmooth, leaving no indication that this elevated\\nshaft was ever united to the main cliff. The\\nmaterial of each is a grev friable sandstone.\\nOn the face and summit of the cliff are numer-", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0205.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "184\\nous cedars and upon the summit, there stands a\\nHving- cedar fifteen or twenty feet in height\\nAnd a dead cedar stump, four or five feet in\\nheight with sprigs of grass about its roots. The\\nsummit is, apparently, ten or twelve feet square.\\nFrom this spot, the intervening forest pre-\\nvents a view of the Missouri river. In many\\nplaces there is no accumulation of debris from\\nthe cliffs, and we see evident indicrtions that\\nthe Missouri river, at some anterior period,\\nrolled past, and washed the base of the Cedar\\nPyramid.\\nThe impression, which such scenes make upon\\nthe memory, together with recollections of our\\nearlier history are calculated to excite a love of\\ncountry. These recks and hills of our nritive\\nland our lofty ranges, our mountain brooks our\\nlengthy rivers and expanded lakes the brilliant\\nfeats achieved under our stars and stripes the\\ndarings and virtues of our ancestors aye, the\\nvery hearth-stones which we encircled in the\\ndays of our childhood the old log school house\\nand the village church scenes like these engrav-\\ned upon the tablets of memory, never to be\\nerased, press upon the mind, and involuntary,\\nbut fervent aspirations flow out from our bosoms\\nfor the perpetuity of the hope af the world our\\nbeloved and glorious Union.\\nThe witnessing of such scenes, and the in-\\nduhjence of such fcelinirs, are also calculated to\\ninspire one s soul with morality and reverence.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0206.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "-i85-\\nFor, to one whose home is on the wide spreading\\nprairie whose wanderings are by the hmpid\\nstream and over rugged chlTs -this mighty\\nshaft, rising up by the side of craggy rocks,\\ncrowned with ever living verdure, may be likened\\nto the kindlier feelings of the human heart, which\\nrise up in adoration to Him, who doeth all things\\nAv II and form an Oasis in the garden of the\\nh-art.\\nCote Sans Dessein.\\nDuring the Spanish regime, this village was\\nfounded by Frenchmen, being located on the Mis-\\nsissippi river near the mouth of the Osage river.\\nNear this village, was an immense rock, rising\\nabout sixty feet, in the alluvial bottom, which was\\nleft by a freak of nature solitary and alone.\\nThe post of Cote Sans Dessein, was in early\\ntimes attacked by a large band of savages, and\\nwas defended in a block-house, by two men and\\ntwo women. The Indians assaulted this place of\\nretreat in every ferocious way, and repeatedly set\\nit on fire, which was put out by the courage of\\nthese two brave women. The defense was made\\nprincipally by the brave and gallant Baptiste\\nLouis Roy, a hunter and mountaineer, who was\\nassisted greatly by his noble and brave wife. The\\nresult was the death of one person in the block-\\nhouse, whilst fourteen savages were killed and", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0207.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "i86\\nmany wounded. The Gazellecr says, that when\\nthe band of Indians were defeated, before leaving\\nthey collected a dozen small kettles, and having\\nbroken them to pieces, piled them around a large\\nunbroken one, as a sign to the savages, who\\nmight follow in their trail, that one man had slain\\nmany Redskins. Baptiste Louis Roy was a tall,\\nrobust and fine looking man, being a hunter and\\nmountaineer, who had witnessed, and gone\\nthrough, some most exciting and stirring scenes\\namongst the Indians in the far West and the\\nRocky Mountains.\\nFor his heroic defense, the mountaineers pre-\\nsented Roy with a beautiful rifle, and a silver\\nvase, but owing to the last present wounding the\\nfeelings of his wife, he refused in a bold and man-\\nly way, to accept these presents. This noble and\\nbrave man, lived to an old age, and died on his\\nhomestead, near the city of St. Joseph, leaving\\nbut few children, who have all departed this life.\\nA braver man never handled a western rifle.\\nDaniel Boone.\\nThis great explorer, hunter and pioneer of Ken-\\ntucky, settled in the year 1795 at FemuK? Osage\\nDistrict, in the then St. Charles District. When\\nasked why he left Kentucky, he said, Too much\\ncrowded, too crowded, I want elbow room.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0208.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "-i87-\\nWhilst in St. Louis, the Lieutenant-Governor of\\nLouisiana g ave him a hearty welcome, and grant-\\ned him 8,500 arpents of land on the north side of\\nthe .Missouri river, in the then St. Charles Span-\\nish District, upon which he built a log cabin.\\nBoone, under Spanish authority, was made\\nCivil and Military Commandant of the Femme\\nOsage District on July 11, 1797. In that ca-\\npacity he gave general satisfaction to the French\\ninhabitants and American pioneers of Upper\\nLouisiana.\\nThe grant of land given to him by the Spanish\\nofficer at St. Louis, he neglected to have confirm-\\ned by the Spanish authority, at New Orleans,\\nwhich claim was not made valid by the act of the\\nLand Commissioner under the United States.\\nThis was quite a misfortune for Boone, when de-\\nprived of his lands in Kentucky and Missouri.\\nAfterwards the Government of the United States\\ngranted him only 850 acres in the Boone s Lick\\ncountry.\\nBoone, as early as 1804 to 1808, became fam-\\nous as a hunter in what is known as the Boone s\\nLick country, where he discovered valuable salt\\nsprings. His reputation at this time, was very\\ngreat, as an explorer of the wilderness, and as an\\nIndian fighter, amongst the pioneers of the Great\\nWest.\\nBoone died at the residence of his son on Sep-\\ntember 26, 1820, in the Femme Osage District,\\nnow St. Charles county, Missouri. His remains", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0209.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "i88\\nwere buried along-side of his wife, near Marthas-\\nville, Warren county, Missouri. Their grave\\nwas marked by a rough slab of limestone, with a\\nplain inscription. After slumbering a quarter of\\na century on Missouri soil, his body was removed\\nt3 Frankfort, Kentucky, on September 13, 1845,\\nby the State of Kentucky, where great respect\\nand honors was paid to his remains and memory\\nby that commonwealth and the people, whilst his\\ngrave was strewed with flowers, which homage\\nwas due to so remarkable a man.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0210.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "i89\\nV.-NE\\\\V MADRID DISTRICT.\\nFrom 1769 to 1S04.\\nThis Spanish district orio^inally was bounded\\non the north by the Tawappata Bottom, east by\\nthe Mississippi river, south by the Arkansas,\\nwest by an undefined boundary. This district\\nfronting the Mississippi consisted of low, level,\\nalluvion, and rich bottom lands, interspersed with\\nlarge lakes, occasionally with some overflowed\\nground. It was traversed by beautiful streams\\nand rivers, such as the St. Francis, White,\\nCastor, Big Black and others, with their tribu-\\ntarijs. Tiiis region of country was dotted with\\nbeautiful prairies, fringed by a magiiifice; :t forest,\\nabounding with wild fruits. Over this territory\\nroamed in great numbers the buffalo, elk, bear,\\ndeer, and other wild animals, whilst it swarmed\\nwith the wild turkey, swans, geese, ducks and\\nnumerous fowls in great varieties. At this early\\nperiod under the Spanish regime, it was inhab-\\nited by the Delawares, Shawnees, Creeks and\\nCherokee Indians, hunters, vagabonds, trappers\\nand voyageurs.\\nStrange as it may appear, long before this, as\\nearly as 1541, fifty years after the discovery of\\nAmerica, De Soto, with his Spanish cavaliers.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0211.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "190\\nvisited this district in search of gold and silver.\\nBeing disappointed in this, they abandoned their\\nproject and retraced their steps to Florida.\\nWe give the following history of New Madrid,\\nas related by Garcilago de la Vega, a Spanish\\nchronicler\\nIt was in 1541, when De Soto and his com-\\npanions crossed the Big Swamp, and unfurling\\nthe great banner of Spain, entered the capital of\\nCapaha amid salvos of artillery and the shouts\\nof the warriors of Casquin. As many of our\\nreaders are not familiar with this portion of the\\nhistory, we may say that if we are to believe the\\nnarrative of the veracious Garcilago de la Vega,\\nhimself a descendant of the Incas, De Soto,\\nafter he crossed the Mississippi and broke up his\\nboats to preserve the nails, marched through the\\nwilderness until he descried a large village con-\\ntaining about four hundred houses. It was seated\\non the banks of the river, the borders of which,\\nas far as the eye could reach, were covered with\\nluxuriant fields of maize^ interspersed with groves\\nof fruit trees. This was one of the villages of\\nthe Caci(]ue of Cascjuin. Here the Si)aniards\\nrested for six days, and then resuming their\\njourney they marched through a populous cham-\\npaign country, where the land was more elevated\\nand th(i soil less alluvial than any tliey liad yet\\nseen on the bord(n*s of the Mississippi. The\\nfields were overllowingly beautiful, the pecan nut.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0212.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "191\\nthe red and gray plum and mulberry trees grew\\nthere in abundance. In two days they came to\\nthe chief town, where the Cacique resided. It\\nwas seated on the same side of the river, about\\nseven leagues above, and in a very fertile and\\npopulous country. Here they were well received\\nby the Cacique, who made him (De Soto) presents\\nof mantles, skins and fish, and invited De Soto\\nto lodge in his habitation. It stood on a high,\\nartificial hill.\\nThe region thus described evidently refers to\\nthe chain of hill-land extending from Little Prairie\\nin Pemiscot county to New Madrid. After re-\\nmaining at this place some time, the Cacique im-\\nplored De Soto as follows We supplicate you\\nto pray to your God to send us rain, for our\\nfields are parched for the want of water. De\\nSoto ordered a larofe cross to be framed and\\nerected it on a high hill on the banks of the river\\nand which served the Indians as a watch-tower,\\noverlooking every eminence in the vicinity. After\\neverything was prepared a solemn procession was\\nformed, the Cacique walked beside De Soto, and\\nthe savage warriors mingled with the Spaniards,\\nwhilst the priests chanted the litany and the sol-\\ndiers responded. Thousands of savages assem-\\nbled to witness the imposing ceremonies and\\nwatched the Spaniards. Ever and anon they\\nraise] their eyes to heaven and made signs with\\ntheir faces and hands as if asking God to listen\\nto the Christians prayers. De Soto and his", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0213.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "I()2\\nfollowers were moved to tenderness to behold,\\nin a strange and heathen land, savage people\\nworshiping with such deep humility and tears the\\nemblem of our redemption. God, in His mercy,\\nsays the Spanish chronicler, willing to show these\\nheathen that He listens unto those who call upon\\nHim in truth, sent down in the middle of the\\nensuing night a plenteous rain, to the great joy\\nof the Indians.\\nAfter remaining at Casquin ten days Oe Soto\\ngave orders to march. The Cacique of Casquin\\nobtained permission to accompany him with his\\nwarriors. His object was to wreak his vengeance\\non the neighboring Cacique of Capaha. A war\\nhad existed between them for several generations.\\nThe march from Casquin to Capaha is fully de-\\nscribed, and after marching three days they came\\nto a great swamp, miry on the borders, with a\\nlake in the center, too deep to be forded, and\\nwhich formed a kind of gulf on the Mississippi,\\ninto which it emptied itself. Across this piece\\nof water the Indians of Cascjuin constructed a\\nrude bridge of trunks of trees. This swamp,\\nand which is the 13ig Swamp, separated Cas-\\nquin and Capaha. It required one day to cross\\nthis swamp. The ne.xt day De Soto marcheci to\\nCapaha and took possession of the place. The\\ninhabitants had all fled to an island in the river,\\nand the warriors of Casquin ravaged the terri-\\ntory.\\nDe Soto sent envoys to Capaha with proffers", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0214.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "193\\nof friendship, which were indig-nantly rejected.\\nThen the Spaniards and their alhes resolved to\\nattack them, and accordingly invaded the island.\\nOwing, however, to the pusillanimity of their\\nallies the Spaniards were compelled to retreat to\\ntheir canoes. But for the forbearance of Capaha\\nthe soldiers of De Soto would have been over-\\nwhelmed. On the next day, Capaha sent four\\nof his principal warriors as an embassy to De\\nSoto. The)- came with great ceremony bowed\\nto the sun and moon and then to De Soto, but\\ntook no notice of Casquin. They were received\\nwith great affability and went away well pleased\\nwith their reception. On the next day, the\\nCacique of Capaha, attended by a train of a\\nhundred warriors, covered with beautiful plumes,\\nand with mantles of all kinds of skins, came to\\nsee De Soto. Capaha was about twenty-six years\\nold, of noble form and princely demeanor. He\\nwas received by De Soto as a friend. De Soto\\nremained for some time at Capaha. He sent\\nsome of his followers to search for gold and silver\\nfurther north.\\nNew Madrid Under the Spaniards in 1769.\\nThe Territory of New Madrid, at this period,\\nbecame subject to Spain, a region of country of\\ngreat beauty, fertility and resources, equal in pro-\\nductiveness to the Nile of Egypt. Its remarkable", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0215.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "94\\nrichness of soil and its hunting-grounds, gave it\\nthe name of L Anse a la Graisse (Cove of\\nFat.)\\nThe town of New Madrid was laid out in 1787,\\non a very large scale to eclipse even the city of\\nMadrid, in Spain b)- Colonel George Morgan,\\nof New Jersey, formerly an American officer,\\nwho acquired a large concession of land for that\\npurpose from the Spanish officers at New Orleans.\\nAfter inducing some fifty emigrants to settle at\\nNew Madrid, charges were made against Mor-\\ngan, by General James Wilkinson, during his\\nintrigues with Spain, and by others, which in-\\nduced Governor Miro to cancel the concessions\\nof land to Morgan, denouncing the whole project,\\nby his letter of May 29th, 1789, to Morgan and\\nthat Spain would establish a fort at New Madrid,\\nand that a detachment of Spanish soldiers would\\nguard there the interests of Spain. Colonel Mor-\\ngan, stripped of his large concessions and power,\\nreturned to the United States, much disappointed\\nat the failure of his great project.\\nSpanish Commandants.\\nSoon after this, New Madrid was made a Span-\\nish post, and Don Fouche was made its Spanish\\ncommandant in the year 1 789. Owing to its\\nmixed population then, he established a fort\\nnamed Fort Celeste. Don Fouche promul-", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0216.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "195\\ngated the laws of Spain, regulated the land neces-\\nsary for the t*;\\\\vn and its inhabitants, and brought\\norder out of chaos.\\nHe was succeeded in office by Don Thomas\\nPortell, a Spaniard, in 1791, who held this posi-\\ntion for five years, or until December, 1796.\\nDon Pierre A. Laforge, notary public, states\\nthat Don Portell was a man of distinguished\\nmerit, equally in the military as in the cabinet,\\nwas superior to his position, and if he failed, it\\nwas because he did not place himself on a level\\nwith the sort of people he had to govern.\\nThe principal population, at the time, consisted\\nof Indians, traders, hunters and boatmen, and a\\nfew enterprising emigrants. Unfortunately for\\nthe prosperity of New Madrid, the great amount\\nof game in the country made its settlers neglect\\nthe cultivation of its rich lands.\\nDuring the command of Don Portell, five Span-\\nish galleys, arrived from New Orleans, for the\\nprotection of the post and to protect the naviga-\\ntion of the Mississippi they were detained there\\na whole summer, but owing to the want of corn\\nand flour, the commandant of New Madrid post,\\nhad to order it from Kentucky and the Illinois.\\nAfter this, a few F rench and American families,\\nturned their serious attention to agriculture.\\nDon Portell was succeeded in office by Don\\nCarlos Dehault Delassus, who served in that ca-\\npacity from December, 1796 to August, 1799.\\nDon Delassus was an active and g-ood com-", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0217.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "196\\nmandant, and gave general satisfaction during his\\nadministration, and left New Madrid to act at\\nSt. Louis as Lieutenant-Governor of Upper\\nLouisiana.\\nDon Henri Peroux, in August, 1799, became\\ncommandant of the post at New Madrid, when its\\npopulation had then reached 782 persons, and\\nserved in this capacity until 1804. During this\\ntime, there existed roving vagabond Indians, who\\ncommitted ofreat barbarities in killinp stealinor\\nand burning houses, from the Merrimac river to\\nNew Madrid. In 1802 an inhabitant at New\\nMadrid, named David Trotter, having been killed\\nand his house burnt, whilst otlicr atrocities were\\ncontinually taking place in Upper Louisiana,\\nLieutenant-Governor Delassus was compelled\\nto organize the Spanish militia into service in\\nDecember 1802. The companies organized were\\nthe following\\nOne company from St. Genevieve commanded\\nby Captain Don Francis Valle.\\nOne company from Cape Girardeau command-\\ned by Captain Don Louis Lorimier,\\nOne company from New Bourbon commanded\\nby Captain Don Camille Delassus.\\nOne company from New Madrid commanded\\nby Captain Don Henri Peroux.\\nThis militia was ordered to meet at the Post\\nof New Madrid, where Lieutenant-Governor Don\\nCarlos Dehault Delassus took command. These\\nseveral commanders, arrested several savages,", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0218.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "DANIEL BOONE.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0219.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0220.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "197\\nand held them as prisoners. They were mostly\\nof the Maschow nation, called Tallaposa Creeks.\\nA military council was held at New Madrid Fort,\\nwhere the principal Indian criminal, Tewanaye,\\nwas condemned and put to death in the presence\\nof the Spanish militia, and in presence of Indian\\nchiefs and Indians.\\nLittle Prairie.\\nDuring Peroux s command at New Madrid,\\nthe village of Little Prairie was established by\\nCaptain Francis Lessieur, a Canadian, who took\\ncommand of this village, which was settled by\\nCanadians and Creoles, with pioneers from Ken-\\ntuck\\\\ and Virginia, and became a flourishino- vil-\\nlage, being thirty miles below New Madrid.\\nDuring the Spanish regime at New Madrid,\\nmany prominent men settled there amongst\\nthem were Pierre A. Laforge, John Lavalle and\\nDr. Richard Waters, who acted in difterent offic-\\nial capacities. Hon. William S. Moseby says\\nthat They were men of considerable energy,\\ngenerall) highly educated, easy in circumstances,\\nendowed with good sense, affable in manners, and\\nSODU acquired great influence in the community,\\nand became leading spirits of the infant colony.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0221.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "United States Cover; me: t 1804.\\nThe United States, by treaty with France, took\\npossession of New Madrid District in 1804. Its\\npopulation then was thirteen hundred and fifty\\n(1,350) including 150 slaves, about 400 capable of\\nbearing arms. This district under the American\\nflag, was improving rapidly in population and\\nwealth, when it met with one of the most disas-\\ntrous occurrences, being the terrible earthquakes\\nof 1811-1812, which caused its inhabitants sud-\\ndenly to abandon the country and their homes.\\nWe give the following description of the New\\nMadrid earthquakes of 1811-12, by the Hon.\\nLewis F. Linn, the model Senator of Missouri,\\nwritten in February, 1836, and a description of\\nNew Madrid, at this period\\nThe memorable earthquake of December,\\n181 I, after shaking the valley of the Mississippi\\nto its center, vibrated along the courses of the\\nrivers and valleys, and, passing the primi-\\ntive mountain barriers, died away along the\\nshores of the Atlantic ocean. In the region now\\nunder consideration, during the continuance of\\nso ap[)alling a phenomenon, which commenced\\nby distant rumbling sounds, succeeded by dis-\\ncharges as if a thousand pieces of artillerj- were\\nsuddenly exploded, the earth rocked to and fro,\\nand vast chasms opened, from whence issued col-\\numns of water, sand, and coal, accompanied by", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0222.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "199\\nhissing sounds, caused, perhaps, by the escape\\nof pent-up steam, while ever and anon flashes of\\nelectricity gleamed through the troubled clouds\\nof night, rendering the darkness doubly horrible.\\nThe current of the Mississippi, pending this ele-\\nmental strife, was driven back upon its source\\nwith the greatest velocity for several hours, in\\nconsequence of an elevation of its bed. But this\\nnoble river was not thus to be stayed in its course.\\nIts accumulated waters came booming on, and,\\no ertopping the barrier thus suddenly raised, car-\\nried everything before them with resistless power.\\nBoats, then floating on its surface, shot down the\\ndeclivity like an arrow from a bow, amid roaring\\nbillows and the wildest commotion. A few days\\naction of its powerful current sufiiced to wear\\naway every vestige of the barrier thus strangely\\ninterposed, and its waters moved on in their\\nwonted channel to the ocean. The da) that sue\\nceeded this night of terror brought no solace in\\nits dawn. Shock followed shock a dense black\\ncloud of vapor overshadowed the land, through\\nwhich r.o struggling sunbeam found its way to\\ncheer the desponding heart of man, who, in silent\\ncommunion with himself, was compelled to ac-\\nknowledge his weakness and dependence on the\\neverlasting (iod. The appearances that presented\\nthemselves after the subsidence of the principal\\ncommotion were such as strongly support i.n\\nopinion heretofore advanced. Hills had disap-\\npeared, and bkes were found in their stead and", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0223.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "200\\nnumerous lakes became elevated ground, over\\nthe surface of which vast heaps of sand were\\nscattered in every direction, while in many places\\nthe earth for miles was sunk below the general\\nlevel of the surrounding country, without being\\ncovered with water, leaving an impression in\\nniiniaturc of a cafastropJie nnicJi more imporlnnt\\nin its cff^rfs, wJiich had perhaps, preceded, it ages\\nbefore.\\nOne of the lakes formeel on this occasion is\\nsixty or seventy miles in length, and from three\\nto twenty miles in breadth. It is in some places\\nvery shallow in others from fifty to one hundred\\nfeet deep, which is much more than the depth of\\nthe Mississippi river in that quarter. In sailing\\nover its surface in the light canoe, the voyager\\nis struck with astonishment at beholding tJK? giant\\ntrees of the forest standing partially exposed\\namid a waste of waters, branchless and leafless.\\nBut the wonder is still further increased on cast-\\ning the e)e on the dark-blue profound, to observe\\ncanebrakes covering its bottom, over which a\\nmammoth species of testudo is occasionally seen\\ndra J ^in his slow lencrth alonof while countless\\nmyriads of fish are sporting through the aquatic\\nthickets. But, if (iod in His wrath has passed over\\nthis devoted land if He touched the mountains\\nand they disappeared in the abyss, his beneficent\\ninfluence is still felt in its soft climate, the unex-\\nampled iertilit)- of its soil, the eleep verdure of its\\nforests, and choicest offerings of Flora. The lost", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0224.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "20I\\nhills or islands before: mentioned are of various\\ndimensions some twenty or thirty miles in cir-\\ncumference, others not so large, and some are\\neven diminutive in size, but of great altitude,\\noccasionally furnished with fountains of living\\nwaters, and all well timbered. The low grounds\\nare in the form of basins, connected by sinuses,\\nwhich not being as deep as the bott \u00c2\u00bbm of their\\nreservoirs, so that when an inundation takes p ace,\\neither from the Mississippi river or streams issu-\\ning from the surrounding highlands, they are\\nfilled to overflowing and when the waters recede\\nbelow a level with these points of communication,\\nthey become stagnant pools, passing off by the\\nprocess of infiltration which is very slow, in a\\nthick, black, tenacious loam, or by evaporation\\nequally gradual, in a country covered by forests\\nand impenetrable jungle. An interesting ques-\\ntion now presents itself, certainly one deeply\\ninteresting to the people of Missouri and Arkan-\\nsas. What can be done to render this extraor-\\ndinary country a fit habitation for man In its\\npresent condition it is nearly useless, affording\\nwinter pasturage for some herds of cattle belonging\\nto farmers on its borders, and a safe cover to\\nbands of wild savage animals, on the destruction\\nof which a few hunters gain a precarious exist-\\nence, amid noisome exhalations and venomous\\nreptiles. The government of the United Statec,\\nlord over millions upon millions of acres of land,\\npossessing every advantage, will not, in all prob-", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0225.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "202\\nability, for ag:s to come, incur a heavy expense\\nfor the purpose of reclainiinf^ this country from\\nits present deplorable condition, unless commens-\\nurate good could be effected. There will be no\\nd fficulty in finding motives in the cupidity or\\ninterest of Congress (if in no better motive) to\\nmake a liberal appropriation for this object.\\nBy clearing the St. Fran(^ois of its rafts, a\\nmuch larger volume of water will flow in its chan-\\nnel, which is now spread over the country, to be\\nagain returned by in its osculating branches which\\nconcentration of its water would, from year to\\nyear, augment its depth at places where the rafts\\nexisted, which, with deepening the points of com-\\nmunication between the lakes and bayous, so as\\nto permit a continual current to flow onward to the\\nMississippi or St. I ^-an^ois, woulci reclaim a mil-\\nlion or two acres of land, surpassing in fertility the\\nfamous borders of the Nile. To those who have\\nnever visited the far West, the great basin is rich\\nbeyond conception and in the autumnal season,\\nwhen teeming with the rankest vegetable produc-\\ntions, in an active state of decomposition, its\\nliberated miasma, borne on the wings of the wind,\\nhave a most deleterious influence on the health\\nof those who reside in the contiguous counties,\\nfurnishing an additional argument for using exer-\\ntions to reclaim it.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0226.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "203\\nWe here give a picture and part of description\\nof these earthquakes by Henry Howe of the\\nGreat West\\nThere were a number of severe shocks, but\\ntwo series of concussions were particularly terri-\\nble, far more so than the rest. The shocks were\\nclearly distinguishable into two classes those in\\nwhich the motion was horizontal, and those in\\nwhich it was perpendicular. The latter were at-\\ntended with explosions, and the terrible mixture\\nof noises that preceded and accompanied the\\nearthquakes in a louder degree, but were by no\\nmeans so desolating and destructive as the other.\\nThen the houses crumbled, the trees waved to-\\ngether, the ground sunk while ever and anon\\nvivid Hashes of lio^htnino^ cjleamintr through the\\ntroubled clouds of night, rendered the darkness\\ndoubly horrible After the severest shocks, a\\ndense black cloud of vapour overshadowed the\\nland, tnrough which no struggling sunbeam found\\nits way to cheer the heart of man. The sulphur-\\netted gases that were discharged during the\\nshocks tainted the air with their noxious effluvia,\\nand so impregnated the water of the river for one\\nhundred and fifty miles, as to render it unfit for\\nuse.\\nGodfrey Lesieur, an intelligent and remarkable\\nman residing at New Madrid, witnessed these\\nearthquakes, and gives the following account", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0227.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "204\\nThe first shock was at about 2 o clock a. m.,\\non the nig^ht of December 16, 181 1 and was very\\nhard, shaking down log houses, chimneys, c.\\nIt was followed at short intervals, half to one\\nhour apart, by comparatively slight shocks, until\\nabout 7 o clock in the morning, a rumbling noise\\nwas heard in the west, resembling and not unlike\\ndistant thuncier, and in an instant the earth began\\nto shake and totter to such a degree that no per-\\nsons were able to stand or walk. This lasted\\nperhaps one minute. At this juncture the earth\\nwas observed to be as it were rollings in waves of\\na few feet in height, with a visible depression be-\\ntween. By and by those swells or waves were\\nseen to burst, throwing upwards large volumes of\\nwater, sand, and a species of charcoal, some of\\nwhich were covered, in part, with a substance,\\nwhich, by its peculiar odor, was thought to be\\nsulphur. When these swells bursted, large, wide\\nand lonof fissures were left, runnin^i^ north and\\nsouth parallel with each other for miles. I have\\nseen some that were four or five miles in length,\\nand, on an average, about four feet deep and ten\\nfeet or less wide. The rumbling noise before\\nmentioned, the waves, etc., appeared to come\\nfrom the west, and traveled, as it seemed, east-\\nward. After this, slight shocks, var)ing in se-\\nverity, were, at intervals, felt until the 7th ol Jan-\\nuary, 181 2, when the country was again visited\\nby another earthquake, equally as violent as the\\ntwo first, and characterized by the same frightful", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0228.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0229.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0230.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "205\\nresults. Then it was that the cry arose among\\nthe people sauve qui pent (save who can), and\\nall but two families left the country, leaving all\\ntheir property, consisting of cattle, hogs, horses,\\nand portions ot their household effects. These\\nproved a total loss in the end, because itinerant\\nadventurers from other parts, aided by some\\nothers, actuated from motives of cupidity, it was\\nsaid, carried away in flatboats to Natchez and\\nNew Orleans all the stock save what they did not\\nslaughter. I omitted to mention that after the\\nterrible shock of the 7th of January slight ones\\nfrom time to time were felt. This lasted until the\\nI 7th of February, when another very severe one,\\nhaving the same effects as the others, visited the\\ncountry and caused great injury to the land, in\\nformini more extensive fissures, sinkine hio-h\\nland and forming it into lakes, making deep lakes\\nhiofh land.\\nMany of these are now under cultivation, and\\nhave proven to be the richest and most productive\\nlands in Southeast Missouri. The damaged and\\ntorn- up portion was not very extensive, embrac-\\ning a circumference of not more than one hundred\\nand fifty miles, taking the old town of Little\\nPrairie, now called Caruthersville, as the center.\\nA very large extent of country on either side\\nof the White Water, called here Little river,\\nalso on both sides of the St. Francis river in\\nthis State and Arkansas, also on the Reelfoot\\nbayou, in Tennessee, was sunk below the for-", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0231.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "206\\nmer elevation about ten feet, thus rendering\\nthat region of country entirely unfit for culti-\\nvation.\\nIt is a remarkable fact, and worthy of no-\\ntice, that so few casualties occurred during those\\nterrible convulsions. Among the citizens there\\nwere but two deaths, both victims being women.\\nOne, Mrs. Lafont, died from fright, while the\\nearth was shaking and rocking. The other,\\nMrs. Jarvis. received an injury from the fall of\\na cabin log, from which she died a few days\\nafter, Not so fortunate were Hat-boat men,\\nmany of whom must have perished, judging\\nfrom the number of debris seen floating, and\\nfrom the river being partly covered with freight,\\nsuch as barrels of flour, pork, whiskey and\\noiher products.\\nA man, whose name I have forgotten, who\\nwas moving from Tennessee with his family, a\\nw ife and seven children, and a young married man\\nU) help on the flatboat, to Arkansas, were all lost\\nbut himself. He saved his life on a plank after\\nthe boat capsized, but the whole of his family were\\ndrowned. A man named Glasscock, and family,\\nsix or eight in number, were all lost at Island\\nNo. 1 6. The boat on which he was moving,\\nit is supposed, was also capsized.\\nIn the month of February. i8 i 5, by represen-\\ntations made to Contrress throuiifh Colon(;l Rufus\\nKaston, then del(\\\\gate from Missouri territory, in", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0232.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "207\\nact was passed by that body for the rehef of suf-\\nferers by earthquakes in New Madrid county,\\nwhich act was approved February i 7th. At that\\nlime all mail facilities had been stopped to this\\ncounty on account of the terrible ravages of said\\nearthquakes. Consequently all news from \\\\\\\\^ls]\u00e2\u0096\u00a0l-\\nington was slow in reaching this portion of the\\ncountry. In a very few days after the passage\\nof the law mentioned, it was known in St. Louis.\\nThis was sufficient to arouse and excite the cu-\\npidity of sharpers, which afforded them so prom-\\nising an opportunity to make fortunes, and many\\nof them did realize their most sanguine expecta-\\ntions. The whole country was Hooded with those\\nspeculators before the people were informed of\\nihe relief act passed by Congress. The result\\niMOwing out of so dishonest and unfair proceed-\\nings proved far more disastrous than had been\\nexperienced by the ravages of the earthquakes.\\nIn many instances whole sections of land were\\nsold at from $/\\\\.o to $60, and grants of a less\\nquantity of acres were sold at about the same\\nrates. Certificates of location were issued by the\\nrecorder of land titles at St. Louis in lieu of the\\ninjured claims, which were relinquished to the\\ngovernment. Those certificates w^ere mostly lo-\\ncated in what w^as then called The Boonslick\\ncountry, comprising now some of the most\\nprosperous and rich counties in Missouri. The\\ngreater portion of those locations would readily\\nhave brought from ten to fifteen dollars per acre,", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0233.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "208\\nnow worth probably fifty to one hundred dollars\\nan acre. And mark the clauns sold as above\\nindicated, were paid for in worthless, depreciated\\nMissouri bank notes the banks very soon failed,\\nand thus the people were doubly swindled.\\nAudubon about the Earthquakes of i8ii-i2\\nAt this period Audubon, the ornithologist, was\\ntraveling in Western Kentucky and reports the\\nfollowing\\nThe western section of Kentucky, and the\\nbanks of the Mississippi suffered from a severe\\nshock of earthquake. What he heard he imag-\\nined to be the distant rumbling of a violent\\ntornado.\\nOn which, says he, I spurred my steed,\\nwith a wish to gallop as fast as possible to a place\\nof slu lter. But it would not do the animal\\nknew better than 1 wliat was fortlicoming, and\\ninstead of going faster, so nearly stopped that I\\nremarked he placed one foot after another on the\\nground with as much precaution as if walking on\\na smooth sheet of ice?. I thought he had sudden-\\nly foundered, and, sj)eaking to him, was on point\\nof dismounting and leading him, wlien hc^ all of a\\nsudden fell a-groaning piteously, hung his head,\\nspread out his forelegs, as if to save himself from", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0234.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "209\\nfalling, and stood stock still, continuing to groan.\\nI thought my horse was about to die, and would\\nhave sprung from his back had a minute more\\nelapsed but at that instant all the shrubs and\\ntrees began to move from all their very roots, the\\nground rose and fell in successive furrows, like\\nthe ruffled waters of a lake, and I became bewil-\\ndered in my ideas, as I too plainly discovered,\\nthat all this awful commotion was the result of an\\nearthquake.\\nI had never witnessed anything of the kind\\nbefore, although like every person, I knew earth-\\nquakes by description. But what is description\\ncompared with reality Who can tell the sensa-\\ntions which I experienced when I found myself\\nrocking, as it were, upon my hf)rse. and with him\\nmoving to and fro like a child in a cradle, with\\nthe most imminent danger around me. The\\nfearful convulsion, however, lasted only a few\\nminutes, and the heavens again brightened as\\nquickly as they had become obscure my horse\\nbrought his feet to the natural position, raised his\\nhead, and galloped off as if loose and frollicking\\nwithout a rider.\\nHe further states that the earthquake produced\\nserious consequences at New Madrid, and for\\nsome distance on the Mississippi, the earth was\\nrent asunder in several places, one or two islands\\nsunk forever, and the inhabitants who escaped\\nHed in dismay towards the eastern shores.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0235.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "2 10\\nSubmerged Lands of Missouri.\\nThe followinor Report on the Submerged\\nLands of the State of Missouri was presented\\nby Firmin A. Rozier, as chairman of Sub-\\nmerged Lands of Missouri, to the famous\\nconvention presided over by John C. Calhoun, of\\nSouth Carohna, held at Memphis, Tennessee, in\\nNovember, 1845, adopted by that impor-\\ntant convention. It shows the situation and over-\\nflowed lands in Missouri and Arkansas at that\\nperiod, in the year 1845,\\nReport on the Submerged Lands of the\\nState of Missouri.\\nThe deepest interest is felt by the inhabitants\\nof the State of Missouri and the neighboring\\nStates to reclaim the submerged lands of the State\\nof Missouri. The whole Union longs to see these\\nimmense tracts of land, which now lay desolate\\nand unfit for cultivation, made to smile by the in-\\ndustrious hand of man. It is of the most vital\\nimportance to the West and South that the sub-\\nmerged lands should be drained and reclaimed,\\nand rendered inhabitable. The portion of the State\\nof Missouri inundated, comprises the counties\\nof Cape Girardeau, Scott, Mississippi, Wayne.\\nDunklin and New Madrid. There is about 2,160", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0236.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "21 1\\nsquare miles which are low and swampy lands in\\nthe above counties. A great portion of the above\\ncounties is covered with water, and possesses an\\nalluvial soil, the lands are low and marshy, inter-\\nspersed by streams, rivers, lakes, swamps, bayous,\\nbogs and marshes although a part of the swamps\\nis not submerged by water the whole year but\\nthe waters remaining stagnant on these low and\\nmarshy lands during the hot summer become\\nvery impure and putrid. The vegetation being\\nvery rank and abundant on this rich and marshy\\nsoil, mixes with the putrid waters, and when de-\\ncomposed fills and renders the atmosphere impure\\nand unhealthy, which adds greatly to disease\\nand, as the waters are dried up from these\\nswamps, there is a sediment, stench and poison\\nleft on them that causes disease and death, not\\nonly to those that live on their borders, but, like-\\nwise, to the inhabitants that live in the vicinity.\\nA great portion of these swamps is not sus-\\nceptible for the habitation of man, except a\\nnumberless group of Islands interspersed, which\\nare occupied during certain seasons of the year\\nby trappers and hunters. It is a remarkable fact,\\nthat there is a chain of low, level and marshy\\nlands, commencing at the city of Cape Girardeau,\\nin Missouri, and extending to the Gulf of Mexico\\nand between these two points there is not a rock\\nlanding except at the small town of Commerce,\\non the west side of the Mississippi river there,\\nis furthermore, only one ridge of high land from", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0237.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "2 12\\nCommerce to be met with on the west side of said\\nriver, which is at Helena, in Arkansas. From\\nthe city of Cape Girardeau, runnino- into the\\nState of Arkansas, there is a strip or tongue,\\n350 miles long, of beautiful and excellent lands,\\nalong the western margin of the Mississippi,\\nwhich is well inhabited, having an averaofe of ten\\nmiles wide, and is entirely cut off, and stands isolat-\\ned from the interior of Missouri and Arkansas, by\\nthe great swamps lying west of it, and deprives\\nand cuts off all communication from the interior\\nsouthern part of Missouri and northern part of\\nArkansas, for the distance above mentioned, to\\nthe Mississippi river. The inconvenience experi-\\nenced and felt by the inhabitants west of these\\nswamps in not being able to get the fruits of their\\nlabor to market, is very unprofitable and injurioLis\\nto the commerce of the above mentioned States.\\nThe lands west of these swamps are very fertile\\nand rich the timber is unsurpassed in size and\\nbeauty. It is much to be regretted that all inter-\\ncourse with this beautiful country, in the interior\\nof Missouri and Arkansas, is thus cut oft produc-\\ning incalculable injury in point of commerce and\\nagriculture.\\nThe earthquakes of 181 i- 12, proved very\\ninjurious and disastrous to the south of Missouri,\\nand were felt far and wide. They changed the\\ncourse of the streams and rivers, which occasioned\\nthe waters to spread in every direction, and\\nmade high land where it was low previous, and", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0238.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "213\\nin elevated places sunk them thus causing the\\nrivers and streams to overflow a great extent of\\ncountry. These earthquakes of 1811-12, are still\\nremembered by many of our oldest settlers\\nwhen the whole land was moved and waved like\\nthe waves of the sea, and the majestic oak bent\\nhis head to the ground like a weed, and the\\nterrible fact that the waters of the mighty Mis-\\nsissippi, opposite to the town of New Madrid,\\nrolled up stream for ten miles, carrying on its\\nbosom barks, keel-boats and every species of\\ncrafts, with a rapidity unknown, and causing\\ndestruction of property and life.\\nThe swamps commence below the city of Cape\\nGirardeau and extend to Brown s farm six miles\\nbelow Cape Girardeau. This is the head of\\nWhite Water or Little River swamps, which are\\ndivided from St. Jolin s swamps by a chain of\\nhigh lands, in the shape of a horse-shoe, in Scott\\ncounty. This high land is eighteen miles long\\nand ten miles wide, and extends from Cape La-\\ncreuse river to the town of Commerce, on the\\nMississippi river. Then from the town of Benton,\\nwhich is on said chain of high lands, in Scott\\ncounty, there is a tongue of land that extends to\\nNew Madrid, on which the laro^e New Madrid\\nroad runs the length of the road is thirty-eight\\nmiles, called King s Road. Established by the\\nSpaniards, it starts from Cape Girardeau, passes\\nBrown s farm, runs to Benton, to Halcap s farm,\\nthen to New Madrid. This Kino s Road runs on", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0239.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "214\\nn tongue of lind three miles wide; and makes\\nthe line of division between the swamps of White\\nWater or Little River on the west, and St. John s\\nswamps on the east of said road. Let it be par-\\nticularly remarked, that the waters that flow east\\nof the said King s Roal empty into St. John s\\nswamps, and all the waters west of said road\\nempty into WhiteWiteror Little River swamps.\\nThere are four large swamps that originate in\\nMissouri; that is to say, the White Water or\\nLittle River swamps, the St. John s swamps, the\\nJames swamps, and the St. Francis swamps.\\nThe White Water or Little River swamps\\ncommence below Cape Girardeau, and lie im-\\nmediately owes of said New Madrid road, except\\na small chain of it that extends along Cape La-\\ncreuse river, which flows into the Mississippi, four\\nmiles below Cape Girardeau City, and are on the\\nnorthern side of said chain of liigh hills that forms\\nHorse Shoe, in Scott county and then these\\nswamps flow into New Madrid and Dunklin\\ncounties then flowing into the State of Arkan-\\nsas, and empty into St. Francis river, at a point\\nwest of Greenock in Crittenden county, in Arkan-\\nsas. Their length in the State of Missouri, in a\\nstraight direction, is 103 miles, and 10 miles wide\\non an average, covering the counties of Cape\\nGirardeau, Scott, Stoddard, Dunklin and New\\nMadrid. These swamps are made by the over-\\nflow of tlie Mississippi river at their head, be-\\ntween the city of Cape Girs^rdeau and the mouth", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0240.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "215\\nof Cape Lacreuse and by the lakes and streams\\non the west side of said swamps, and the Castor\\nriver, which empty said swamps of White Water\\nor Little River.\\nThe St. John s swamps commence below the\\ntown of Commerce, and at St. John s lake and\\nit is well to suggest, that this said lake is filled\\nwith rich iron bog ore, a specimen of which can\\nbe seen in my possession and then the swamp\\ncontinues to flow on the east side of \\\\ew Madrid\\nroad, and empties itself into St. John s bayou,\\nJust at the town of New Madrid. These St.\\nJohn s swamps are forty-five miles long and\\nsix miles wide. These swamps submerge the\\ncounties of Scott, Mississippi and New Madrid,\\nand are formed by the waters of Lake St. John\\nand the overflow of the Mississippi river.\\nThe James swamps lie between the St. John s\\nswamps and the Mississippi river, which submerge\\nthe county of Mississippi, and empty into\\nJames bayou, at the dividing line between New\\nMadrid and Mississippi counties. The James\\nswamps are thirty miles long and ten miles wide\\nbetween the swamps St John s and James are\\nMathews, East, and Long Prairies, which are\\ngood lands. The James swamps are formed by\\nthe overflow of the Mississippi river.\\nThe St. Francis swamps commence in Wayne\\ncounty, fifteen miles below Greenville then divid-\\ning Stoddart and Wayne counties, and Dunklin\\nin Missouri, and Green county in Arkansas and", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0241.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "2l6\\nI hen continue their course to a point west of\\nMemphis, in Tennessee. The St. Francis swamps\\nin Missouri are seventy-five miles long, and ten\\nto twelve miles wide, and from the Missouri line,\\nextend about seventy-five miles in Arkansas, in\\nwidth, about twenty miles, and then lose them-\\nselves into the St. F rancis river.\\nThe amount of submerged lands in Missouri\\nis 2,160 square miles, as far as it can be ascer-\\ntained at the Land Office, making i ,328,400 acres.\\nThe reclaiming of these lands would afford suffi-\\ncient remuneration to justify this vast undertak-\\ning. The lands are now valueless, and can\\nnever be made available without being drained\\nand reclaimed. The proper manner of reclaiming\\nthese lands would be for the General Government\\nto cede these submerged lands to the States,\\nwith the special condition enjoined upon the State\\nof reclaiming them. The State would feel more\\ninterest in executing this work, for it would come\\nunder its immediate concern, and for the expense\\nattending this work the State would be repaid by\\nthe sales of the reclaimed lands. The General\\nGovernment cr.n never dispose of these inundated\\nlands, nor the fertile lands bordering on these\\nswamps, without their being reclaimed, for no\\nhuman beincr can inhabit on the borders of these\\nlands without endangering his life. The voice of\\nhumanity speaks aloud, that these lands should be\\nrendered fit for cultivation and for the habitation\\nof man. Some of the best inhabitants of our", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0242.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "2I7\\nState, and old settlers of the country, live on the\\nborders of these swamps. It is well known tha\\nthey sufferered much from the earthquakes of\\n1811 and 181 2; and they braved many dangers\\nin the last war, in the struggle with savages; i:\\nis but just, generous and equitable, that the\\nGovernment should render their and their chil-\\ndren s situation comfortable and wholesome.\\nThere exist strange and unknown diseases of\\nthe most dreadful and malignant character deal-\\ning death in every direction, and spreading\\nthroughout the southern part of Missouri terror\\nto its inhabitants. The poisonous winds blowing\\nover swamps, seem to carry on their wings, death\\nto the young, hardy, strong, infirm and old alike.\\nThese lands are now vakieless. These low lands\\nare susceptible of being reclaimed if so, would\\nbe unsurpassed in richness ot soil, excellence of\\ntimber, and would invite thousands of immigrants\\nto inhabit them and towns and villages would\\nspring up in the whole country, and an active\\npopulation would cover its whole extent, the\\nlands would be made to smile with rich harvests\\nthat would cover its surface the south of Mis-\\nsouri would be one of the garden spots of the\\nWest; for its lands would be level and beautiful,\\nand would be as fertile as any on the face of the\\nglobe.\\nAll of which with the accompanyiuL^ Map is\\nrespectfully submitted.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0243.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "-2l8-\\nI therefore propose the following resolution\\nResolved, That in the opinion of this Conven-\\ntion it is both the interest and duty of the Gen-\\neral Government to cede the inundated lands to\\nthe States in which they lie, with the special con-\\ndition to drain and reclaim them.\\nFiRMiN A. RoziER, Chairman.\\nThe Town of New Madrid in 1850.\\nHon. William Mosely, in 1850, stated: he\\nencroachments of the Mississippi, have almost\\nswept what was once New Madrid and Little\\nPrairie. The old fort, the quaint old churches,\\ntheir cemeteries, where the remains of the early\\nfathers rested after the journey of life, all, all, lie\\nbeneath the turbid waters of the mad river in a\\nfew years more, there will scarcely be track or\\ntrace to point the stranger, where once stood\\nNew Madrid and Little Prairie.\\nNew Town of Madrid.\\nWhen the constitution of Missouri was adopted\\nin 1820, New Madrid was represented in that\\nConvention by Hon. Robert D. Dawson and\\nChristopher G. Houts, for at that period this new\\ntown w^as planned and laid out.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0244.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "219\\nOut of the old Spanish district of New Madrid,\\nmany counties have been formed in the States\\nof Arkansas and Missouri. This period of 1889,\\nfinds the old Span sh district, which is now inter-\\nsected and spanned by different railroids, filling-\\nrapidly with a thriving and active populat on.\\nSuch are the ways of Providence.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0245.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "220\\nPART VII.\\nLOUISIANA TERRITORY.\\nMoNETTE well remarks\\nThe French nation had never approved\\nthe transfer of the Louisiana Territory to Spain\\nin 1 762. The loss of Louisiana had been viewed\\nas the greatest calamity to the French nation, the\\nresult of an iornominious war, and a dishonorable\\npeace under a weak government. Since the\\ndownfall of the Bourbon dynasty, the sympathies\\nof Republican France had never lost sight\\nof their estranged countrymen, subject, as they\\nconceived, to foreign bondage on the Mississippi.\\nNow the colossal power of France, under the\\ngenius of Napoleon, had made the crown heads\\nof Europe tremble, and his edicts were supreme\\nlaw to Southern Europe. Spain had become\\ninvolved in the wars of Europe, and her mon-\\narch had been compelled to yield to the dictation\\nof Napoleon, who had resolved to restore to the\\nFrench empire, the ancient province of Louisiana,\\nand thus to extend the dominion of France again\\nupon the Mississippi.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0246.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "221\\nBy the treaty of Ildefonso, October rst, iSoo,\\nSpain retransferred to Napoleon Bonaparte, First\\nConsul of the French Republic, all the Louisiana\\nterritory formerly owned by France in 1763,\\nupon the condition, that the Duke of Parma\\nshould have the kingdom of Tuscany, with the\\ntitle of King of Etruria. The kingdom of\\nTuscany, with its rich revenues, was estimated\\nat one hundred million of francs*\\nNapoleon was greatly elated by this acquisi-\\ntion, and made grand preparations, at this time,\\ncommensurate with the power of France, to\\ntake possession of Louisiana. He concentrated\\nfor this purpose, a large fleet in the ports of\\nHolland and a land force of twenty-five thous-\\nand soldiers, were ready to sail to the Miss-\\nissippi, under the able commander Gen. Victor,\\nbut various disappointments and misfortunes\\nprevented the contemplated departure of the\\nfleet and troops. Napoleon becoming much em-\\nbarrassed by his w^ars in Europe, whilst defeated\\nand pressed by the English navy, determined to\\nabandon his great project about the Louisiana\\nTerritory, and to dispose of it to the United\\nStates, for the purpose of crippling England s\\npower, and to create her a rival on the seas and\\nocean.\\nNapoleon ordered the famous diplomatist,\\nTalleyrand, and M. Marbois, Minister of Finan-\\nces, to open negotiations with Robt. R. Livings-\\nton, then at Paris, Minister of the United States", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0247.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "Ill\\nto France. After mature consideration a treaty\\nwas entered April 30, 1803, with France, who\\ntransferred to the United States the Louisiana\\nTerritory for fifteen milHon dollars also for sixty\\nmillions of francs to discharge France from\\nclaims due the citizens of the United States\\nunder the Convention of 1800; also to permit\\nall vessels of Spain and France to enter free of\\ncharge for twelve years this said Territory of\\nLouisiana.\\nThis acquisition by the United States, was one\\nof the most valuable and grandest, that ever fell\\nto the lot of any nation, either modern or ancient.\\nIt was a territory that embraced every climate,\\nand adapted to the cultivation of nearly every\\nproduct in the world. This vast territory em-\\nbraced 756,961,280 acres of land.\\nThe Province of Louisiana was delivered\\nDecember 20, 1803, at the City of New Orleans,\\nby Mr. Laussat, the French colonial prefect, to\\nGov. William Claiborne, of Mississippi Territory\\nand to Gen. James Wilkinson, commander of\\nthe army, both commissioners of the United\\nStates, amidst a large concourse of people.\\nGovernor Claiborne then became, and exercised\\nthe prerogatives and powers of Governor-General\\nof the Province of Louisiana, until Congress\\nprovided for it a regular form of government.\\nThe total population of the Louisiana\\nProvince, at this time, was ninety thousand\\neight hundred and forty persons.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0248.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "223\\nBy Act of Congress of March 26, 1804, this\\nimmense Territory was divided into two districts,\\nthe southern part was called Orleans, and the\\nnorthern part the District of Louisiana, then\\nknown as Upper Louisiana.\\nUpper Louisiana.\\nThe original boundary, under the French and\\nSpaniards, was, east by the Mississippi river,\\nsouth by Hope Encampment, opposite the\\nChickasaw Bluffs, but main boundary by the\\nArkansas river, north and west indefinitely.\\nThis district was formally divided by the Span-\\niards in 1769, into five districts, viz: St. Gen-\\nevieve, St. Louis, St. Charles, New Madrid and\\nCape Girardeau. The inhabitants of Upper\\nLouisiana present a singular spectacle, in a short\\nperiod of having passed and lived under three\\ndifferent crovernments first under the French\\nflag, secondly under Spanish dominion and\\nlastly under the banner of the United States.\\nThe first permanent settlement in Arkansas\\nState, then Upper Louisiana, was in 1686, by\\nTonti, who was left by Lasalle as commander at\\nRock Fort in the Illinois country, when he\\ndescended the Mississippi river with a corps of\\nmen, to meet Lasalle with his fleet, that was\\nexpected to enter at the mouth of the Mississippi.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0249.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "224\\nDisappointed in this, he was forced to return to\\nthe IlHnois. On his way, he estabhshed Fort\\nArkansas, on the Arkansas river, forty miles\\nabove its mouth, as early as 1686, leaving a\\nnumber of his men at this post. At this period,\\nit was then occupied by a tribe, known as the\\nArkansas. The French associated with them, in\\nall their hunts, frolics and amusements, whilst\\ninter-marrying with them. Hence their descend-\\nants were of mixed blood.\\nThe Territory of Upper Louisiana, em-\\nbraced a fine climate, lands of every quality,\\nwith vast forests, with broad and rollino- prairies,\\nwith magnificent streams and rivers. The forest\\nwas filled with wild fruits of various kinds, suit-\\nable to the wants of the hunter and roving wild\\nanimals, consisting of the buffalo, bear, elk,\\ndeer, otter, goat, fox, raccoon, opossum, rabbits\\nand squirrels. Birds of various species, abound-\\ned in the wilderness, consisting of the turkey,\\nducks, pheasants, partridge, quail, grouse, wild\\ngoose, snipe and plover, whilst the wild pigeons,\\nwhen emigrating, darkened the clouds in their\\npassage either in hunt of their food, or to resort\\nto their roosting place.\\nPresident Thomas Jefferson, by Act of Con-\\ngress October 3, 1803, was authorized to take\\npossession of the Louisiana Territory. Ac-\\ncordingly for Upper Louisiana, he detailed Capt.\\nAmos Stoddard, of the United States army, for\\nthat purpose, which Territory was delivered to", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0250.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "225\\nhim by Lieutenant-Governor Charles Dehault\\nDelassus, then Spanish Officer, at St. Louis,\\nMarch lo, 1804. The flag of the United States\\nwas then unfurled on the Government house in\\nSt. Louis, and full possession taken of this valu-\\nable Territory,\\nThe population at this period, in Upper Louis-\\niana was only 9,020 whites and 1,320 slaves, in\\nall 10,340, which was a very small population\\nfor so vast a Territory.\\nLieutenant-Governor Amos Stoddard, Com-\\nmandant OF Upper Louisiana.\\nCaptain Amos Stoddard, of the Artillery of the\\nUnited States, was appointed Civil and Military\\nCommandant of Upper Louisiana, and com-\\nmissioned to exercise the power and prerogatives\\nof the Spanish Governor of that Province.\\nAt the time of the taking possession of Upper\\nLouisiana, he issued a proclamation, on the loth\\nof March 1804, to the inhabitants, explaining\\nthe transfer by France to the United States\\nand the desire of the United States to cultivate\\ntheir friendship, and protect them in all their\\nrights, both civil and religious, also their being\\ndivested of the character of subjects, but now\\nclothed with that of citizens of the United States.\\nThat the Government would soon establish a", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0251.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "226\\nTerritorial government administered by men of\\nwisdom and integrity. That whilst being ap-\\npointed the temporary guardian of their rights\\nand liberties, that all his time and talents would\\nbe devoted to their welfare.\\nGov. Stoddard issued a second proclamation\\nApril 30th, 1804, against a number of lawless\\nMuskoe and Creek Indians, who had committed\\ndepredations and crimes upon the white men of\\nthe district, whilst ordering the officers of the\\nseveral posts to be on their guard and arrest\\nthese marauders, and to bring them to trial for\\ntheir offenses.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0252.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "227\\nLewis and Clark s Grand Exploration to\\nTHE Pacific Ocean, May 14, 1804, to\\nSeptember 23, 1806.\\nPrevious to the delivery of the Louisiana\\nTerritory, President Jefferson, with the concur-\\nrence of Congress concluded to explore the vast\\ncountry, from the mouth of the Missouri to the\\nPacilic ocean. Captains Merriwether Lewis and\\nWilliam Clark were commissioned for that pur-\\npose both men of long experience, activity,\\nbravery and talents.\\nThe party consisted of nine Kentucky vol-\\nunteers, fourteen soldiers of the United States\\narmy, two French voyageurs (an interpreter\\nand a hunter), and a black servant. In addition\\nto these a corporal and six soldiers were engaged\\nto accompany them as far as the Mandan Vil-\\nlage, in consequence of some apprehension of\\nIndian attacks. The stores were divided into\\nseven bales, and one box containing a small portion\\nof each article as a resource in case of accident.\\nThey consisted of clothing, locks, flints, pow-\\nder and ball. To these were added fourteen\\nbales and one box of Indian presents. The\\nparty embarked on three boats. The largest one\\nwas fifty-five feet long, of three feet draught, one\\nwith sail and twenty-two oars, with forecastle and", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0253.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "228\\ncabin at the bow and stern, and lockers in the\\nmiddle, so adjusted, as to be used for breast-work\\nin extremity. This was accompanied by two\\npirogues of six and seven oars, and two horses\\nwere led along the bank of the river for hunting.\\nThis exploring party, on the 14th day of May\\n1804, after the acquisition of the Louisiana Ter-\\nritory, left the mouth of the Missouri river, with\\ntheir boats, with sails, oars and cordelles to\\nascend this muddy and turbulent stream, moving\\nthrough snags and sunken trees, rounding low\\nislands and bars covered with cotton-woods and\\nwillows, to explore an immense wilderness up the\\nMissouri river, over the Rocky Mountains and\\ndown the Columbia river, to the Pacific ocean.\\nWhilst ascending the Missouri up to Kaw\\nriver, they met many rafts and pirogues and\\ncanoes loaded with the rich spoils of the moun-\\ntains and plains. During this time, these hardy\\nmen in these frail barks lightened their lots with\\nmany a song, in cadence with the measured\\nstroke of the oar exhibiting around their camp-\\nfires uproarious jests and stories of wild and peri-\\nlous adventures. They arrived August 4th,\\n1804, at Council Bluffs, a commanding place,\\noverlooking the plains for miles in every direc-\\ntion, when Lewis and Clark held a council with\\ndifferent tribes of Indians, and smoked the pipe\\nof peace.\\nAfter proceeding up the Missouri and re-\\nlating their intercourse with the savages and", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0254.jp2"}, "253": {"fulltext": "229\\ndescribing the country, on the 7th of April\\n1805 they dispatched a boat with collections and\\ncuriosities, and a letter to President Jefferson.\\nThey resumed their voyage up the Missouri in\\nsix canoes and two pirogues, with thirty-two\\nmen. They passed the Yellow Stone, being\\nthe outskirts of the mountains, the plains break-\\ning into bluffs and ridges, until, June 13, 1805,\\nthey approached the Great Falls of the Mis-\\nsouri river. The party then making a portage\\nof canoes and baggage, by means of a rude\\ntruck wheel, resumed their voyage, enclosed by\\nmajestic ranges of mountains, inhabited by a\\nlarge number of wild grizzly bears and other\\nferocious animals. Above these Falls, they\\nmoved to the three forks, named Jefferson, Madi-\\nson and Gallatin rivers, then across to the\\nColumbia river, which they descended amid falls\\nand cascades, when they reached the mouth of the\\nColumbia river then beheld the Great Pacific\\nOcean, with its blue waves rolling at their feet,\\non the memorable day of November 7, 1805.\\nThey then explored the country around the\\nPacific coast, fixing and building huts for the\\nwinter along the banks of Meriwether Bay, in\\nthe meanwhile subsistino- on fish and huntino-.\\nOn the 23d March, 1806, they ascended the\\nColumbia river upon their return trip. When\\nreaching the Great Dalles, Walla- Walla,\\nthey obtained horses, and followed their ascent\\non the north bank of the river, through rough", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0255.jp2"}, "254": {"fulltext": "230\\nand irregular ridges and isolated cliffs. Then\\nthey reached and crossed to the south bank,\\nat the mouth of the Walla-Walla river on the\\nColumbia, whose soil is of great fertility, being\\nwell watered and timbered. Passing the Blue\\nMountains to the east, they proceeded to the\\nmoutli of Kooskoosie river, afterwards reaching\\nTraveller s Rest Creek, which they had\\nascended the previous summer. When at the\\nm )uth of this creek, Lewis and Clark divided\\nths party, so as to explore as much country as\\npossible, to meet again at the mouth of\\nYellow Stone river. The country which they\\nexplored, in separate parties then, is replete\\nwith interest, but they encountered there many\\ndangers and privations. AftcT the parties had\\nreassembled on the Missouri river, they com\\nmenced its descent on the 13th of August, 1806,\\naccompanied by Big White, a Mandan Chief.\\nNotwithstanding war was then existing between\\nsome tribes of Indians on the Missouri river,\\nthis exploring party was not disturbed, and land-\\ned at the village of St. Louis on the 23d of\\nSeptember 1806, after an absence of two years\\nthree months and nine days, traveling 7.500\\nmiles through a vast wilderness and unknown\\nregions.\\nThis wonderful exploration proved of great\\nvalue to our Government, and immortalized the\\nnames of Lewis and CUrk,", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0256.jp2"}, "255": {"fulltext": "231\\nWilliam Harrison Governor of Upper Louis-\\niana FROM October, 1804, to\\nMarch, 1805.\\nThe Act of Congress of March 26, 1804.\\nThis act divided the large district of Louisiana\\ninto two districts the southern part was called\\nOrleans, and the northern part, The Dis-\\ntrict of Louisiana, then known as Upper Louis-\\niana. This last territory was put under the juris-\\ndiction of the Governor of Indiana and its three\\nJudges. They were authorized to legislate for\\nthe District of Louisiana, and two courts to be\\nheld annually. The Secretary of Indiana was to\\npreserve all public records and papers. General\\nWilliam Harrison was then Governor, whilst the\\ncourts were presided over by Judges Griffin,\\nVandeberg and Davis, who acted in that capacity\\nfrom October ist, 1804, to March, 1805. The\\nGovernor of Indiana and the Judges enacted\\nsixteen acts for the government of the District\\nof Louisiana\\nTst. Crimes and Punishments.\\n2d. Justice Courts.\\n3d. Slaves.\\n4th. Revenue.\\n5th Militia Laws.\\n6th Record Offices.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0257.jp2"}, "256": {"fulltext": "232\\n7th. Attorneys.\\n8th. Constables.\\n9th. Boatmen.\\nloth, Defalcation.\\nI ith. Practice at Law.\\nI 2th. Probate Business.\\n13th. Quarter Sessions.\\n14th. Oaths.\\n15th. Sheriffs.\\n1 6th. Marriages.\\nWhich acts were jjublished, and reference called\\nto them.\\nAcr OF Congress, March 3, 1805, Creating\\nTHE Territory of Louisiana.\\nBy this act the name District of Louisiana\\nwas changed to the Territory of Louisiana.\\nIt provided for a Governor for three years, to be\\ncommander of the militia and Superintendent of\\nIndian affairs a Secretary to hold office for four\\nyears, who was to act as Governor during the\\nabsence of the Governor. The legislative power\\nwas vested in the Governor and three Territorial\\nJudges. Under this law, and for the District of\\nLouisiana, General James Wilkinson, who was\\nthen Commander of the army, was appointed\\nGovernor, with Judges John B. Lucas and Return", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0258.jp2"}, "257": {"fulltext": "T. Meiofs, which constitutetl the leafislature of this\\nI erritory. General Wilkinson acted as Governor\\nfrom March 3rd, 1805, to the year 1807, whilst\\nJoseph Brown acted as Secretary. During the\\nJames Wilkinson administration of Upper Louis-\\niana, he formed two important explorations under\\nLieutenant Pike, one to the sources of the Miss-\\nissippi river and the other to the sources of Arkan-\\nsas river, which were of great benefit in establishin\\nthe lines of the Western territory of the United\\nStates, which separated it from the Spanish and\\nEnp;lish territories.\\nJames Wilkinson was a native of Maryland.\\nDuring the Americin revolution, he was in\\nthe expedition under General Arnold, who\\nmarched through Canada, from Maine to Quebec.\\nHe was at the surrender of .Saratoga, resigned his\\noffice in 1778, owing to some misunderstanding\\nwith Washington. He then removed to Ken-\\ntucky in 1787, and became a merchant, opened\\na correspondence with the Spanish officers in\\nNew Orleans, descended the Ohio and Miss-\\nissippi rivers with a cargo of tobacco and flour\\nafterwards monopolized this trade with the con-\\ncurrence of the Governor of Louisiana, which left\\na suspicion of liis intrigues with Spain, to dis-\\nmember Kentucky from its allegiance to the\\nAtlantic States.\\nAfter tlie American revolution in 1783, the\\npeople of the West were left in great distress", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0259.jp2"}, "258": {"fulltext": "234\\nand destitution from the effects of the war,\\nmore especially when Spain claimed dominion\\nover the Mississippi river, laying tribute on its\\ncommerce, whilst its desire was to separate the\\nWestern portion of the Union from the Atlantic\\nStates. The people west of the Alleghany moun-\\ntains were determined for the free navigation of\\nthe Mississippi river, which occasioned bitter\\nfeelings, creating several political parties in Ken\\ntucky and in the Ohio country. Some were for\\nan independent government; others for an alliance\\nwith Spain another to make war against Spain,\\nto wrest from her New Orleans, and to take\\npossession of the Mississippi. During these con-\\nflicts occurred the death of General Wayne in\\nI 796. He was succeeded by General James Wil-\\nkinson as commander of the United States army.\\nDuring the year 1805 Aaron Burr was conspir-\\ning to form a Government of western and southern\\nStates, and to invade Mexico. After visiting\\nKentucky and southern cities, Burr arrived in\\nSt. Louis in September, 1805. He seemed on very\\nfriendly terms with General James Wilkinson,\\nwhich reflected greatly against Wilkinson, who\\nwas at the time commander of the United States\\narmy and Governor of Upper Louisiana. Burr\\nwas indicted for treason, but acquitted.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0260.jp2"}, "259": {"fulltext": "^35\\nFirst Grand Exploration of Lieutenant\\nZebulon Montgomery Pike, Up T) the\\nSources of the Mississippi River, in 1805.\\nThis exploration of the Upper Mississippi\\nriver was purely a military one, ordered by Gen.\\nJames Wilkinson, Commander of the United\\nStates army, then stationed at St. Louis, with\\nthe consent of the Government. The cbjtcL\\nwas to discover the sources of the Mississii)pi\\nto inquire what tribes of Indians inhabited its\\nbanks, also to select suitable places for erecting\\nforts, and to obtain the general character of the\\ngeography of the country. This expedition was\\nintrusted of Lieutenant Zebulon Montgomery\\nPike, a native of New Jersey, born January 5th,\\n1779, and at the time of this exploration, a Lieu-\\ntenant of Infantry in the United States army.\\nHe took command, and was accompanied by\\none servant, and two corporals with sr venteen\\nsoldiers, who left their encampments near St.\\nLouis on the 9th day of August 1805, in a keel-\\nboat seventy feet long, with provisions and\\nammunitions for four months. This was the\\nfirst trip by any person of the United States.\\nAdventurers at this period, ascended the river\\nin quest of furs and trade, but not known to the\\npublic. Lieutenant Pike had then a fresh field", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0261.jp2"}, "260": {"fulltext": "236\\nto explore. Whatever he should see and relate,\\nwould be of great interest and of value, of that\\nvast Northwest interior. The ofreatest difficul-\\nties arose in the navigation of the Mississippi,\\nwith its numerous channels, which are formed by\\nso many islands in the river, making the naviga-\\ntion slow and dangerous. They ascended up to\\nDubuque by the first of September and reached\\nPrairie Du Chien on the 4th of September\\n1805; arrived at St. Peters river on the 226.\\nSeptember, where a council of war was held with\\nthe Sioux Indians, who disposed of their lands\\nfor a militar) post. They then advanced to the\\nFalls of St. Anthony, where their keel-boat was\\nunloaded, going around by a portage above\\nthese Falls.\\nProceeding up the Mississippi, they were\\ngreatly retarded by ripples, rapids and shoals,\\nand often found it necessary to wade and force\\ntheir boats along up stream, until they reached\\n233 miles above the Falls of St. Anthony,\\nwhere they erected huts and a station for their\\nparty, with a suitable guard to pass the winter.\\nHere they provided themselves with wild game,\\nwhich was then in great abundance. Lieuten-\\nant Pike with a part of his force left this station\\nDecember loth, 1805, to proceed up the river,\\ntaking one canoe, and some sledges carrying\\nabout four hundred pounds each, to be drawn by\\ntwo harnessed abreast, Pike always in the lead,\\nto extricate the sledo;-cs from shoals and rocks,", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0262.jp2"}, "261": {"fulltext": "237\\nand to build fires for their encampments. Their\\nascent continued toilsome and dang-erous, in the\\nmidst of extreme cold weather. On the 22nd\\nDecember, Lieutenant Pike remarked: Xever\\ndid I undergo more fatigue, in performing the\\nduties of hunter, spy, guide and commanding\\nofficer.\\nThe party reached Sandy Lake Januar)\\n8, 1806, where they were received, at a British\\ntrading house, established some twelve years\\nprevious there he made known to the Britihh\\nand Indians, the right of the United States to\\nthis upper 1 egion of country. Lieutenant Pike\\nproceeded up to Leech Lake, when he found\\nagain another British trading post, and was met\\nwith hospitality. The party, accompanied by a\\nBritish trader, reached Red Lake, then sup-\\nposed to be the head of the Mississippi river,\\nabout the 15th day of February, 1806. At\\nLake Uinipec, fifteei miles below, was a\\nBritish post, and a flag of that nation flying from\\nthat fort. The Northwest Company, then\\nhad their posts in all this wild region of country.\\nWhen Lieutenant Pike and his party had\\nreached the sources of the Mississippi, their\\nexploration ended. They returned back in their\\nhomeward march, stopping at their stockade\\nand station they had established, but disap-\\npointed in the officer left there in charge, who\\nhad disposed of their best provisions and spirits\\nwhich was a great disappointment to Lieutenant", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0263.jp2"}, "262": {"fulltext": "-538\\nPike and his men, who were greatly fatigued\\nand worn out by their exposure to the cold and\\ninhospitable region of country.\\nThey again reached Prairie Du Chien,\\nApril 1 8th, and entered the port of St. Louis\\nApril 30, 1806, being absent eight months and\\ntwenty-two days. Lieutenant Pike kept a jour-\\nnal, which was published in 1808, recording the\\ndistances made each day, the game killed, the\\nBritish establishments found, and the Indian\\ntribes who inhabited the banks of the Upper\\nMississippi.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0264.jp2"}, "263": {"fulltext": "^39-\\nTuE Important and Perilous Exploration\\nTO THE Arkansas, Kansas, and Platte\\nRivers, and into the Provinces of New\\nSpain in 1806.\\nThis remarkable exploration was ordered by\\nGeneral James Wilkinson, then Governor of\\nUpper Louisiana, and General-in-chief of the\\nUnited States army, being consented to by the\\nGovernment. The object of this expedition,\\nfrom instructions given, was, to restore certain\\nOsage captives, recently recovered from Potta-\\nwatomies, to their homes on Grand Osage;\\nnext to effect a permanent peace between the\\nKansas and Osage Indians also to establish\\na good understanding with the Yanctons and\\nComanches, etc.\\nThis would lead the party to the branches of\\nthe Arkansas and Red rivers, where it would be\\napproximate to New Mexico. They were to\\nmove with great caution and to keep clear of any\\nhunting and reconnoitering parties from that\\nProvince, and to prevent alarm or offense also\\nto give general information of the country.\\nThe party selected for this new exploration\\nwas Lieutenant Zebulon Montgomery Pike, who\\nhad recently finished his expedition to the sources\\nof the Mississippi. The party consisted of two", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0265.jp2"}, "264": {"fulltext": "240\\nlieutenants, one sergeant, one surgeon, sixteen\\nsoldiers and one interpreter. This organization\\nleft St. Louis July 15th, 1806, in two large boats,\\nwho proceeded up the Missouri river, until they\\nreached the Osage river on the 28th of July.\\nThey then navigated the Osage river up to the\\nGrand Osages.\\nThey were accompanied by several Osage and\\nPaunee chiefs, with their wives and children,\\nwho had returned from Washington City, visiting\\ntheir great father, President Jefferson. These\\nIndians, numbering fifty-one, had been redeemed\\nfrom captivity among the Pottawatomies. and\\nwere to be restored to their friends at the\\nGrand Osages. Lieutenant Pike, after reach-\\ning up the Osage towns, August 19th, iSob,\\nrestored these captives to their friends and\\nnation.\\nThis exploration was accompanied by Doctor\\nJohn A. Robinson, a man of science, as volunteer,\\nand by Mr. Henry of New Jer^^ey, who spoke\\nFrench and Spanish also by Lieutenant James\\nWilkinson, son of the Commander-in-chief of\\nthe United Slates army. Lieutenant Pike after\\nleaving his boats at the Osage towns, prepared\\nfor his land route. So on September ist, 1806,\\nthe party started for their perilous expedition.\\nAccompanied by thirty Indian warriors, they\\nmarched until they crossed the ridge that divides\\nthe waters whicli run into the Missoiu i on one\\nside, and the Arka:isas on the other. The", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0266.jp2"}, "265": {"fulltext": "241\\nview from this ridge, Lieutenant Pike describes\\nas being sublime, the prairie rising and falHng in\\nregular swells, as far as the eye can reach.\\nThey came upon the Paunee towns about the\\nfirst of September, and proceeded their way until\\nthey reached on the i8ih of October the Arkan-\\nsas river, where this river was not more than\\ntwenty feet wide, but two days afterwards from\\nrains, it spread four hundred and fifty yards in\\nwidth\\nAccording to instructions Lieutenant Wilkin-\\nson, three soldiers and one Osage Indian left the\\nparty in three canoes made of wood and buffalo\\nhides, when they descended the Arkansas river\\nto its mouth, then down the Mississippi to New\\nOrleans.\\nLieutenant Pike after leavinef the Arkansas\\nhere, continued his exploration, meeting many\\nwild horses, when ice and snow made their\\nappearance, whilst buffaloes were in great abund-\\nance, covering the country salt was also found\\nin abundance.\\nOn the 15th of November, the peaks of\\nMexican Mountains were seen, where a station\\nwas made for the protection of the party. Lieu-\\ntenant Pike and r3octor Robinson, moved to-\\nwards these mountains, to ascertain their posi-\\ntion, when they beheld the Grand Peak. The\\nparty were then desirous of reaching Red river,\\nafter being entangled in the range of the moun-", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0267.jp2"}, "266": {"fulltext": "242\\ntains, and in the depth of a severe winter. Here\\nthey wandered half frozen and half starved\\nuntil, in February 1807, they erected another\\nstation as a protection and a defense, and to\\ngather up the men of this expedition. In the\\nmeantime Doctor Robinson concluded to reach\\nSanta-Fe, pretending to have a claim against\\nMexico. The claim was this\\nIn the year 1804, William Morrison, a mer-\\nchant of Kaskaskia, sent Baptiste Lalonde, a\\nCreole, up the Missouri and Platte rivers, and\\ndirected him, if possible to push to Santa-Fe.\\nThe Spaniards seized his goods and took him\\ninto the Spanish Province. Lalonde finding that\\nhe could sell his goods at high prices, and having\\nland and wife offered him, concluded to convert\\nthe property of Morrison to his own benefit. This\\nclaim was only a ruse to gain information of the\\ncountry and the people. Doctor Robinson suc-\\nceeded, though with danger and peril, to reach\\nSanta-Fe.\\nLieutenant Pike, whilst on a hunting expe-\\ndition, on the 1 6th of P ebruary, was discov-\\nered by a Spanish dragon, and soon after was\\nsurrounded by Spanish trcops. who took Pike\\nand his party prisoners. Instead of being on\\nRed river, as he supposed, Pike and his party\\nwere on the Rio Del Norte, on Mexican soil\\ninstead of United States territory. The part)-\\nwas taken to Santa-F e, where Pike and party", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0268.jp2"}, "267": {"fulltext": "2|3\\nwere examined before its Governor, who, being\\nsatisfied of Pike s public character, treated him\\nwith liospitaHty. but seized his papers and sent\\nhim under military escort to Chihuahua, where\\nhe was re-examined by the Commanding General\\non the 2nd of April 1807, when he was again\\nsent under escort to the Province of Texas, then\\nto reacli the United States post on Red river,\\nwhich he did at Nacodoches July ist 1807\\nnearly absent one year. Pike s exploration at\\nthis time was looked upon with suspicion by the\\nMexicans, as it was reported that Aaron Burr\\nintended to invade Mexico,\\nLieutenant Pike and party were welcomed\\nback after their long and perilous tour, by their\\nfriends, and much sympathy was felt by the peo-\\nple, in their behalf and safety. Lieutenant Pike\\nupon his return was promoted to the rank of\\nCaptain, and gradually to that of Brigadier-Gen-\\neral, during the war with England of [812.\\nGeneral Pike, en his attack at York, during the\\nexplosion of the fort, fell a victim in the service\\nof his country, in the bloom of life, at the age of\\nthirty-four years, much regretted by the soldiers\\nand nation,\\nTliL relation of the above expedition was\\npublished in a volume in 1810, at Philadelphia.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0269.jp2"}, "268": {"fulltext": "244\\nTerritory of Louisiana.\\nGovernor James Wilkinson, was succeeded as\\nGovernor by Meriwether Lewis, one of the great\\nexplorers to the Pacific, which appointment was\\nhighly approved by the Western people, and he\\nserved in that capacity from 1807 to September\\n1809. His Secretary was Frederick Bates.\\nThe Territorial Legislature, then enacted sev-\\neral laws, when in the year 1808, these laws\\nwere embodied in what is known as Hempstead\\nDigest.\\nGovernor Lewis was succeeded by Governor\\nBenjamin Howard from September 19, 18 10, to\\nNovember 12, 181 2.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0270.jp2"}, "269": {"fulltext": "245\\nPART VIII.\\nMISSOURI TERRITORY\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1812.\\nBy Act of Congress of June 4th, 18 12, the\\nTerritory of Louisiana was changed to the\\nMissouri Territory. The legislative power\\nwas vested into a Governor, Legislative Council,\\nand House of Representatives. The Council\\nconsisted of nine persons appointed by the Presi-\\ndent, and to hold office for five years. The\\nlower house consisted of thirteen members,\\nelected by the people, and to hold sessions\\nannually but in 181 6 they were to be held\\nbienniall3^ The Territorial Assembly first as-\\nsembled at St. Louis, Missouri, on the 7th of\\nDecember 181 2.\\nFirst Council.\\nFrom St. Louis Auguste Chouteau, Samuel\\nHoward.\\nSt. Genevieve John Scott, James Maxwell.\\nSt. Charles J. Flaugherty and B. Emmons.\\nCape Girardeau William Neely and Jos.\\nCeivener.\\nNew^ Madrid Joseph Hunter.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0271.jp2"}, "270": {"fulltext": "2 4 6\\nHouse of Representatives\\nFrom St. Louis David Music, Bernard T.\\nFarrarand William C. Carr.\\nSt. Genevieve George Bullit, Richard S.\\nThomas and Israel McGreedy.\\nSt. Charles John Pitman and Robert Spen-\\ncer.\\nCape Girardeau George F. Bollinger and\\nJames Phillips.\\nAt this first session, Hon. William C. Carr,\\nwas elected Speaker and Thomas F. Reddick,\\nClerk pro tern. At the second session, held on\\nthe 6th of December 1813, Hon. George Bullit,\\nwas made Speaker and Andrew Scott, Clerk.\\nOn the third session, held on December 5, 18 14,\\nHon. James Cadwell, was elected Speaker.\\nHon. Bullit and James Cadwell were both from\\nSt. Genevieve.\\nThe judicial power of the Missouri Territory-\\nwas vested in a Superior Court, inferior Courts,\\nand Justices of the Peace. The Superior Court\\nconsisted of three judges, any two of them con-\\nstituting the court, who held office for four years\\nand had original and appellate jurisdiction in civil\\nand criminal cases.\\nThe Legislature on the 21st of August 1813,\\nincorporated the Bank of St. Louis, which ended\\nin failure and disaster.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0272.jp2"}, "271": {"fulltext": "247\\nThe counties of Washington, Jefferson, Frank\\nHn, Wayne, Lincohi, Pike, Madison, Montgom\\nery, Howard and Cooper were estabHshed be-\\ntween 1812 and 1820.\\nThe common law of England was adopted on\\nthe 19th of January 18 16, provided the same was\\nnot repugnant to the Constitution and laws of\\nthe United States, and the statutes of the Ter-\\nritory.\\nIn January 181 7, the old Bank of Missouri\\nwas incorporated, which proved a failure and in-\\njurious to the people.\\nA statute was adopted December 17th, 1818,\\nin relation to real estate, limiting the right of\\nentry to twenty years. In the year 181 7, the\\ndigest of the statutes of the Missouri Territory,\\nwas published by Hon. Henry S. Geyer.\\nGovernors of Missouri Territory\\nFrederick Bates, from Dec-ember 7th, 181 2, to\\nJuly 1813.\\nWilliam Clark, from July 12th, 1813, to 1820.\\nServing until Missouri was organized as a\\nState.\\nWhen the Missouri Territory of 181 2 was\\norganized, it was a time of great anxiety and\\ntrouble owino^ to the declaration of war aiJ^ainst", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0273.jp2"}, "272": {"fulltext": "248\\nEng land. Fortunately for r^Iissouri, she was not\\nendangered by English troops, for the seat of war\\nwas along the western lakes and the Atlantic\\ncoast still we were subject to Indian depreda-\\ntions, whilst measures had to be taken against\\nsome of the hostile tribes of Indians within the\\nborders of Missouri. They had to be chastized\\nto secure peace on our frontiers. Another\\nevent at this time which created great alarm and\\ndistress among the people, was the great earth-\\nquakes of New Madrid, in the years 181 1 and\\n1812, which proved so disastrous in the southern\\nportions of Missouri Territory.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0274.jp2"}, "273": {"fulltext": "249\\nTHE TERRITORIAL DELEGATES.\\nHon. Edward Hempstead, First Delegate\\nTO Congress from Missouri Territory.\\nStephen Hempstead, the father of Edward\\nHempstead, was a native of the State of Con-\\nnecticut. He was a soldier of the American\\nRevolution distinguished himself at the battle\\nof Bunker Hill, and witnessed the British evacu-\\nate Boston. He became a sergeant of the com\\npany commanded by the famous Nathan Hale\\nafterwards, he emigrated to Upper Louisiana in\\nthe year i8i i.\\nEdward Hempstead his son, was born June 3d\\n1870 and was licensed as a lawyer in the State of\\nConnecticut, afterwards removing to Rhode\\nIsland. After remaining there some three years\\nhe removed to Upper Louisiana in 1804, locating\\nhimself at St. Charles; then removed in 1805 to\\nSt. Louis. In 1806 he was appointed Deputy\\nAttorney-General of the United States District,\\nand held the office until 181 2. Mr. Hempstead\\nin 1808, embodied the laws of Congress and\\nActs of the Missouri Legislature of 1806-7-8,\\nknown as Hempstead Digest, published in an\\noctavo volume.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0275.jp2"}, "274": {"fulltext": "250\\nThe Act of Congress, organizing- Missouri as\\na Territory, entitled her to a delegate in Con-\\ngress. When an election was held Edward\\nHempstead was elected from 1812 to 18 14.\\nMr. Hempstead has the honor of being the\\nfirst member of Congress elected west of the\\nMississippi river. During his services in the\\nhalls of Congress important laws were passed,\\nconfirming the land claims to the inhabitants\\nand town-lots in the several villages, which\\nhad been settled previous to December 1803.\\nThe town-lots and out-lots unoccupied were\\ndonated for school purposes. After his term of\\noffice expired as delegate, he became a member\\nof the Territorial Legislature of Missouri Ed-\\nward Hempstead was a man of great energy of\\ncharacter, of good abilities and a useful member\\nof society. He died in St. Louis, on the loth\\nday of August 181 7, much regretted by the in-\\nhabitants of Missouri.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0276.jp2"}, "275": {"fulltext": "251\\nHon. Rufus Easton, Second Delegate to\\nCongress from Missouri Territory.\\nRufus Easton was a native of Litchfield, Con-\\nnecticut was born May 4th, 1774. After re-\\nceivino- a good education, he studied law, and\\nobtained in his native State a license to practice\\nlaw. He afterwards removed to Rome, New\\nYork State then visited Washington City dur-\\ning the winters of 1803-4, making there many\\nvaluable acquaintances and taking then an active\\npart in political matters. He removed to St.\\nLouis, then Upper Louisiana, about 1805. On\\nMarch 3d 1805, he was appointed judge of the\\nTerritory of Louisiana. His commission ex-\\npired in 1806, but he was not reappointed. He\\ndesired the cause, but President Jefferson by\\nletter of February 2 2d, 1806, declined to give\\nthe reason, on the ground that it was not the\\nduty of the President to give his reasons for\\nFederal appointments. President Jefferson, how-\\never, in 1806 appointed him United States At-\\ntorney for the Territory of Louisiana, then\\nan important position.\\nAbout this period, Aaron Burr visited St,\\nLouis, for the purpose of revolution and con-\\nspiracy, to form a Government out of Mexico\\nand the Western and Southern States. Judge\\nEaston, as early as October 20th 1805, wrote to", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0277.jp2"}, "276": {"fulltext": "252\\nPresident Jefferson that General James Wilkin-\\nson, then commander of the United States army,\\nand Governor of Upper Louisiana had\\nput himself at the head of a party who was\\nhostile to the best interests of America.\\nJudge Easton, in 1814, was elected as a dele-\\ngate to Congress from the Missouri Territory\\nand served between the years 1814-1816. Dur-\\ning his services in Congress, an Act was passed\\nFebruary 17th 181 5, in relation to the relief of\\nthe sufferers in New Madrid District, by the\\nearthquakes of New Madrid of 1811 and 1812.\\nRufus Easton left a large and respectable\\nfamily, including seven daughters, one of whom\\nmarried Hon. Thomas Anderson, of Palmyra;\\nanother became the wife of Hon. S. Geyer, one\\nof the most talented lawyers of Missouri the\\nthird married Archibald Gamble, Governor of\\nthe State of Missouri another became the wife\\nof Major Sibley, of St. Louis. His son. Colonel\\nAlton Rufus Easton, who distinguished himself\\nin the service of his country, commanded a regi-\\nment in the Mexican war, called St, Louis\\nLegion.\\nJudge Rufus Easton, was appointed Attorney-\\nGeneral of the State of Missouri from 1821 to\\n1826. He died at St. Charles, July 5th, 1834.\\nHe was a man of commanding appearance, pro-\\nfessing good and generous feelings, fond of good\\ncompany, and very hospitable at home.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0278.jp2"}, "277": {"fulltext": "25,\\nJohn Scott, Third Delegate to Congress\\nFrom Missouri Territory.\\nHon. John Scott, delegate to Congress from\\nMissouri Territory, was born in Hanover county,\\nVirginia, May i8, 1785. His parents removed\\nto Pennsylvania, where his father carried on the\\ntrade of weaver. The family thence settled at\\nVincennes, Indiana. Young Scott then assisted\\nhis father at his trade and taught school during\\nthe winter months. Whilst at Vincennes, he\\nstudied law under William Harrison, then Gov-\\nernor of the Northwest Territory, and obtained\\nhis license to practice law from him. Mr. Scott\\nthen emigrated to the town of St. Genevieve,\\nMissouri, in the year 1805, and commenced the\\npractice of law, and resided there until his death.\\nHe was a man of remarkable activity and energy\\nof character, was punctual in attendance on the\\nTerritorial and State Courts, except whilst he\\nwas in Congress. He acquired a lucrative prac-\\ntice and was attentive to legal business. When\\ntraveling, he rode on horseback, well equipped,\\nhis saddle was covered with a large sheep skin\\nand upon that there was placed a large pair of\\nsaddle bags, filled with books and papers. He\\ntraveled thus several times to Washington City,\\nand over a great deal of country, as our courts\\nin early times were held at great distances apart.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0279.jp2"}, "278": {"fulltext": "^54\\nNo weather stopped him, and nothing daunted\\nhim in crossing creeks and rivers to be at his post\\nof duty. His style cf speaking was concise,\\nloHcal and plain, but he spoke with effect to a\\njury or public assembly. He married an amiable\\nlady, a Miss Catharine Cobb, December loth,\\n1810, at Cape Girardeau, Missouri. He had the\\nmisfortune of losing his wife in the year 1815.\\nMr. Scott on the 20th of September, 1824, mar-\\nried a second time. His second wife was Mrs.\\nHarriet Brady, a beautiful and accomplished\\nwidow, of the town of St. Louis. He raised a\\nvery large family. His father and mother lived\\nwith him. His father died at the age of eighty\\nfour, and his mother at seventy-four years, in\\nSt. Genevieve.\\nHis brother. Judge Andrew Scott, was ap-\\npointed one of the Judges of the Superior Court\\nof the Territory of Arkansas, in 1819, by Presi-\\ndent Monroe. He resided in Arkansas, and died\\nthere.\\nJohn Scott s house was of the old style, a one-\\nstory frame building, with singular additions. It\\nwas destroyed by fire on Christmas day in 1870.\\nSince then, upon the site of his home the public\\nschool building has been erected, as a compli-\\nment of his acts in favor of public education.\\nScott was rather of short stature, whilst his com-\\nplexion was clear and healthy, his gait rapid, and\\nremarkably active in all his movements. When", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0280.jp2"}, "279": {"fulltext": "255\\nadvanced in age, he wore his long white hair in a\\nqueue, which fell gracefully over his shoulders\\nand at times was fastened in a bunch and kept\\ntogether by a comb. At court, as well as at\\nother places, he wore on one side of his breast a\\nbeautiful carved dirk, and on the other side a\\npistol, both of which he carried to his death from\\nhabit. He was most eccentric, frequently indulg-\\ning in profanity but his suavity of manners and\\nhis interesting conversational powers made it\\nless offensive to his hearers. If genteel swear-\\ning was an accomplishment in those primitive\\ndays, he certainly possessed it in a high degree.\\nScott served with credit to himself as a mem-\\nber of our Territorial Legislature, in the Council\\nof Nine, and was one of the framers of our Con\\nstitution of 1820.\\nDuring the time that he was a candidate for\\nCongress, there w^ere written by some corre-\\nspondents, who w^ere his political enemies, severe\\nstrictures upon his character, in the Gazetteer,\\npublished in St. Louis. He demanded of Mr.\\nCharless, the editor, the names of the authors,\\nwhich were eiven him. Xext morninor whilst in\\nSt. Louis, through General Henry Dodge, and\\nthat before breakfast, he challenged to mortal\\ncombat five of these correspondents, amongst\\nwhom were Hon. Rufus Easton, delegate from\\nMissouri Territory, Mr. Lucas, afterwards killed\\nin a duel by Benton, Dr. Simpson, and others", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0281.jp2"}, "280": {"fulltext": "whose names are not now remembered. They\\nall declined with the exception of Lucas, The\\ndifficulty with Lucas was afterwards compro-\\nmised through friends. Hon. Rufus Easton s\\nreply to him in declining to fight was I do not\\nwant to kill you, and if you were to kill me I\\nwould die as the fool dieth. Scott passed\\nthrough many serious and dangerous encounters.\\nHe acquired much legal reputation in his success-\\nful defense of John Smith T., indicted for grave\\noffenses.\\nMr. Scott was a candidate for the position of\\ndelegate to Congress in 1816, against Easton of\\nSt. Charles, Owing to some informality a new\\nelection took place, when he was elected. He\\nserved as delegate from 18 17 to 182 1. He was\\nafterwards elected to Congress as representative\\nfrom the State of Missouri from 1821 to 1828.\\nIn the election of 1828 he was defeated by Hon.\\nEdward Bates, which terminated his political\\ncareer. He presented in Congress a petition of\\nthe inhabitants of Missouri in December 1819, for\\nthe admission of Missouri as a State, Mr, Scott,\\nin Congress delivered two able speeches on this\\nsubject and strongly advocated the admission of\\nMissouri, and sided with Clay s great compro-\\nmise measure which gave peace to the Union,\\nWhen the Presidential contest in the Lower\\nHouse of Congress took place between Adams\\nand Jackson, Scott, the only member from Mis-", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0282.jp2"}, "281": {"fulltext": "sourl in the House of Representatives voted for\\nAdams, which proved his poHtical death. This\\ncaused the great quarrel between Benton and\\nScott. In this connection followed their corre-\\nspondence, which is introduced as instructive and\\nimportant\\nScott to Benton.\\nWashington City, Feb. 5.\\nHon. H. T. Benton Notwithstanding the conversation we\\nhad on Thursday evening and on Friday, from which you might\\njustly conchide that I would not vote for Mr. Adams, I am now\\nincHned to think differently, and unless some other change in my\\nmind takes place I shall vote for him. I take the earliest oppor-\\ntunity to apprise you of this fact that you may not commit your-\\nself with friends on the subject. John Scott.\\nBenign to Scott.\\nSenate Chamber, Feb. 9.\\nSir I received on the morning of the 6th inst. your note of\\nthe 5th in which you make known to me your intention to give\\nthe vote of Missouri to Mr. Adams.\\nSinister rumors, and some misgivings of my own, had been\\npreparing my mind for an extraordinary development but it was\\nnot until I had three times talked with you, face to face that I\\ncould believe in the reality of an intention so inconsistent with\\nyour previous conversations, so repugnant to your printed pledges,\\nso amazing to your constituents, so fatal to yourself. The vote\\nwhich you intend thus to give is not your own, it belongs to the\\npeople of Missouri. They are against Mr. Adams. I, in their\\nname do solemnly protest against your intentions, and deny your\\nmoi-al power thus to bestow your vote.\\nYou have been pleased to make a reference in one of your\\nconversations, to my personal wishes in this election.\\nI now reiterate that I disdain and repel the appeal, and again\\nremit you to the exalted tribunal of honor and duty.\\nFor nine years we have been closely connected in our politi-\\ncal course at length the connection is dissolved, and dissolved\\nunder circumstances which announce our everlasting separation.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0283.jp2"}, "282": {"fulltext": "258\\nFor some expressions which you felt as unkind in our conversa-\\ntion I ask your pardon and oblivion. I have a right to give you\\nmy opinion on a point of public duty, but none to inflict a wound on\\nyour public feelings, and, in this unexpected breaking of many\\nties, there is enough of unavoidable pain, without the gratuitous\\ninfliction of unkind words.\\nTo-morrow is the day for your self-immolation. If you have\\nan enemy, he may go and feed his eyes upon the scene. Your\\nformer friend will shun the afflicting spectacle.\\nWith sincere wishes for your personal welfare, 1 remain,\\nThomas H. Benton.\\nDuring Scott s service in public life, by his\\ninfluence he obtained large grants of land to the\\nState of Missouri, for the location of the Capi-\\ntal of our State government. State University,\\nand lands in each township for school purposes.\\nAfter the defeat of Scott in 1828, he resumed\\nhis legal profession and became eminent as a\\ncivil and criminal lawyer. Scott was a man of\\nintegrity. When he collected money for his\\nclients, which amounted to considerable sums, he\\nnever failed to put these collections in buck-skin\\nbags, with name of owners marked upon them,\\nand would never touch or use this money, for\\npersonal use, however pressed he might be in his\\nbusiness.\\nMr. Scott died much respected by the people\\nof this State, at the ripe age of eighty years, at\\nhis homestead in the city of St. Genevieve and\\nwas buried in the Protestant grave-yard by a\\nlarge concourse of relations and friends, June 9,\\n1861.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0284.jp2"}, "283": {"fulltext": "259\\nThus ended the hfe of one of the pioneers of\\nMissouri, remarkable for his long professional\\nand public career.\\nState Organization.\\nThe Missouri Territorial Legislature in the\\nyears 1818 and 18 19, made application to Con-\\ngress for the admission of Missouri as a State.\\nHon. John Scott, then the delegate from Mis-\\nsouri, and Chairman of the Committee on\\nMemorial for Missouri, reported a bill To\\nauthorize the people of Missouri Territory to\\nform a Constitution and State Government, on\\nan equal footing with the original States. This\\nbill was twice read and referred to the committee\\nof the whole House; this was on the 19th of\\nDecember 1819. An Act was passed by Con-\\ngress March 6th, 1820, to authorize the inhabi-\\ntants of the Missouri Territory to organize as a\\nState, and to form a Constitution.\\nConstitution of Missouri and State Gov-\\nernment IN 1820.\\nThe delegates to the Convention to form a\\nConstitution for Missouri met in St. Louis June\\n1 2th 1820, and concluded their labors July 19th\\n1820.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0285.jp2"}, "284": {"fulltext": "26o\\nDelegates.\\nSt. Louis County. David Barton, Edward Bates,\\nAlexander McNair, William Rector, John\\nC. Sullivan, Pierre Chouteau.\\nSt. Genevieve County. Robert T. Brown, John\\nD. Cook, Henry Dodge, John Scott.\\nCape Girardeau. Stephen Bird, James Evans,\\nRichard S. Thomas, Alexander Buckner, Joe\\nMcFerron.\\nCooper County. Robert P. Clark, Robert Wal-\\nlace, William Lillard.\\nFranklin County. John G. Heath.\\nHoward County. Nicholas Burkhart, John Ray,\\nDuff Green, Jonathan S, Findly, Benjamin H.\\nReeves.\\nJefferson County. S. Hammond.\\nLincoln County. Malcom Henry.\\nMontgomery County. James Talbot and Jona-\\nthan Ramsey.\\nMadison County. Nathaniel Cook.\\nNew Madrid County. Robert D. Dawson, and\\nChristopher G. Houts.\\nPike County. Stephen Cleaver.\\nSt. Charles County. Hiram H. Baber, Benjamin\\nEmmons, Nathan Boone.\\nWashington County, John Rice Jones, Samuel\\nPerry, John Hutch ins.\\nWayne County. Elijah Bettis.\\nPresident of Convention. David Barton.\\nSecretary of Convention. William G. Pettus.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0286.jp2"}, "285": {"fulltext": "26l\\nHISTORICAL TABLES.\\nGovernors of the Province of Louisiana\\n[At New Orleans\\nUnder the Spaniards.\\nGeneral Don O REILY, from 1769 to 1772\\nGovernor Don LOUIS UNZAGA, from 1772 to 1779\\nBERNADO GALVEY. f-om 1779 to 1786\\nESTEVAN MIRO, from i786 to 1791\\nBaron DE CARONDELET. from 1791 to 1796\\nDon GAYOSO DE LEMOS, from 1796 to 1799\\nMANUEL DE SALCEDO, from 1799 to 1804\\nCommanders of Upper Louisiana.\\nUnder the French,\\n[At St. Louis.]\\nST. ANGE DE BELLE RIVE, from October 1765 to May. 1770.\\nSpanish Commandants in Upper Louisiana.\\n[Stationed at St. Louis.]\\nPIEDRO PIERNAS, from May 20, 1770, to May 19, 1775\\nFRANCISCO CRUZAT, May 19, 1775. to June 17. 7778\\nFERDINAND LEYBA, June 17, 1778, to June 8, 17S0\\nFRANCIS DE CARTABONA, June 8, 1780, to Sept., 1780\\nFRANCISCO CRUZAT, Sept. 24, 1780, to Nov. 27, 1787\\nMANUEL PEREZ, Nov. 27, 1787, to July 2, 1782\\nZENON TRUDEAU, July 21, 1792, to Aug. 2,1799\\nCARLOS DEHAULT DELASSUS, Aug, 29, 1799, to Mch. 10, 1804", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0287.jp2"}, "286": {"fulltext": "262\\nCommandants of Upper Louisiana\\nUnder the United States.\\nGov. AMOS STODDARI;. from March 10, 1804, to October i, 1S04,\\nv ith full powers and prerogatives of a Spanish Lieutenant-Governor.\\nWILLIAM HARRISON, from October i, 1S04, to March, 1805\\nJoseph Brown, Secretary.\\nJAMKS WILKINSON, from March 3, 1805, to 1807\\nJosF.PH Brown, Secretary.\\nMLRIWKTHKR LEWIS. from 1807, to September, 1809\\nFkkdeuick Bates, Secretary.\\nFREDERICK HATES, Acting-Governor, from Sept. 19, 1809 to 1810\\nBENJAMIN HOWARD, from September 18, 1810, to November, 1812\\nGovi:rxors of Missouri Territory.\\nFREDERICK BA I ES, Acting-Gov nor from Dec. 7, 1812, to July 1812\\nWILLIAM CLARK. from July 1813, to 1820\\nFrederick Ba i es, Secretary.\\nPopulation of Louisiana in 1799, Under\\nSpanish Census.\\nSt. Genevieve\\nSt. Louis\\nSt. Charles\\n949\\n925\\n875\\nCarondelet\\nSt. Ferdinand\\nMarais des Liards\\n184\\n276\\n376\\nNew Madrid\\nNew Bourbon\\nCape Girardeau\\nSt. Andrews\\n782\\n560\\n521\\n393\\nMeramec\\nLittle Meadows\\n115\\n72\\n6,028\\nConsisting of Whites, 4,948, free colored, 197 slaves 883.\\nPopulation of Uppkr Louisiana in 1804,\\nAt the Change of Government Uiulci United States.\\nWhiles, 9,020\\nBlack, 1,320\\nIn all 10,340", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0288.jp2"}, "287": {"fulltext": "263\\nPART IX.\\nTHE STATE OF MISSOURI.\\nStatp: EiMBLEMS, Devices and Great Seal.\\nThe Constitution of Missouri, July 19th 1820,\\nprovides in section 22d, that The Secretary of\\nState shall, as soon as may be. procure a seal of\\nState, with such emblems and devices, as shall\\nbe directed by law, which shall not be subject to\\nchange. It shall be called The Great Seal of\\nthe State of Missouri.\\nAn Act of the Legislature of the State of\\nMissouri was enacted in accordance to the Con-\\nstitution, January nth 1822, as follows\\nBe it enacted by the State of Missouri, that\\nthe device for an armorial achievement for the\\nState of Missouri, shall be as follows, to-wit\\nArms, parted per pale, on the dexter side gules,\\nthe white or grizzly bear of Missouri, passant\\ngardant, proper, on a chief engraved azure,\\na crescent argent; on the sinister side argent,\\nthe arms of the United States, the whole within\\na band inscribed with the words, United we", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0289.jp2"}, "288": {"fulltext": "264\\nstand, divided we fall. For the crest over a\\nlielmet full face, orated with six bars, or, a cloud\\nproper, from which ascends a star argent, and\\nabove it a constellation of twenty-three smaller\\nstars aroent on an azure field, surrounded by a\\ncloud proper. Supporters on each side, a white\\nor grizzly bear of Missouri, rampant, gardant\\nproper, standing on a scroll, inscribed with the\\nmotto Sahis Pop^iii, Stiprema Lex Esto and\\nunder the scroll the numerical letters mdcccxx.\\nAnd the great seal of the State shall be so\\nengraved as to present by its impression, the\\ndevice of the armorial achievement aforesaid,\\nsurrounded by a scroll inscribed with the words,\\nThe Great Seal of the State of Missouri, in\\nroman capitals, which seal shall be in circular\\nform and not more than two and a half inches in\\ndiameter.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0290.jp2"}, "289": {"fulltext": "265\\nFrom Well s Every Mans Lawyer^ pub-\\nlished in New York City in 1867, we quote in rela-\\ntion to this matter On a circular shield equally\\ndivided by a perpendicular line, is a red field on\\nthe right side, in which is the white or grizzly\\nbear of Missouri. Above, separated by a wavy\\nor curved line, is a white or silver crescent, in an\\nazure field. On the left, on a white field, are the\\narms of the United States.\\nA band surrounds the escutcheon, on which\\nare the words United we stand, divided we\\nfall. For the crest, over a yellow or golden hel-\\nmet, full faced and grated with six bars, is a\\nsilver star, and above it a constellation of twenty-\\nthree smaller stars. The supporters are two\\ngrizzly bears, standing on a scroll inscribed\\nSalits popiili suprcDia lex esto (The public\\nsafety is the supreme law). Underneath are\\nthe numerals mdcccxx, and around the circles\\nthe words The Great Seal of the State of\\nMissouri.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0291.jp2"}, "290": {"fulltext": "266\\nTHE FIVE WESTERN UNITED STATES\\nSENATORS.\\nThe private and public life of our five United\\nSenators may prove acceptable, as being now\\npart of the history of the Great West\\nI. Governor Henry Dodge.\\nHe was born at Vincennes, Indiana, on the\\n1 2th day of April 1782, at the time the Dodge\\nfamily was removing from Kentucky to the great\\nWest, Israel Dodge, his father, after a short\\nstay at Vincennes removed to Kaskaskia, Illi-\\nnois; then about the year i 790, he settled with\\nhis family permanently at St. Genevieve, in\\nUpper Louisiana.\\nIsrael Dodge in the year 1805 became the first\\nSheriff of St. Genevieve District. The Dodge\\nfamily in early times became the owners of the\\nsalt works on the Saline river they created quite\\na business in supplying this useful product to the\\nearly inhabitants of St. Genevieve.\\nGovernor Henry Dodge succeeded his father\\nas Sherift in this district and served in that capa-\\ncity some fifteen years afterwards served as", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0292.jp2"}, "291": {"fulltext": "267\\nUnited States Marshal for the Territory and\\nState of Missouri, During the war of 181 2\\nwith England, he raised at St. Genevieve a\\nmounted rifle company, destined for the pro-\\ntection of the inhabitants against Indian dep-\\nredations. He was afterwards Major of the\\nTerritorial Militia, and served until 18 14. He\\nfurther continued in the military service with\\nrank of Colonel, commanding an expedition up\\nthe Missouri and Mississippi rivers against the\\nIndians, capturing the Miami villages, near\\nBoonslick.\\nThe Gazetteer of Missouri says of (leneral\\nDodge, When his line of march was obstructed\\nby the Missouri, on his route to the Miami vil-\\nlage, he dashed into the river, followed by the\\nrangers, sitting steadily and erect in their sad-\\ndles, who swam their horses to the opposite\\nshore. The transit of their ammunition had been\\nsecured in a canoe. By this accelerated move-\\nment the Miamis were surprised and captured in\\ntheir villasfe. The Boonslickers, who formed a\\npart of his command in this expedition, were\\nwith difticulty restrained by General Dodge from\\nan indiscriminate massacre of the warriors, who\\nso long and so bitterly annoyed these pioneers.\\nThey were the more excited, and therefore more\\nexcusable for their momentary ferocity, in the\\ndiscovery which they made in the village of some\\nof the spoils taken from their murdered com-\\nrades.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0293.jp2"}, "292": {"fulltext": "268\\nHe was afterwards appointed Brigadier-Gen-\\neral of the Volunteers by President Madison in\\nthe year 1814. Governor Dodge was a prom-\\ninent member in the Convention of 1820, which\\nformed the Constitution of Missouri.\\nIn the year 1822, after the organization of the\\nState of Missouri, he became Brigadier-General\\nof the Missouri militia. In the Black- Hawk war\\nhe served with bravery and distinguished him-\\nself at the battles of Wisconsin and Bad-axe. In\\nthe year 1832, after the Black-Hawk war, he\\nwas commissioned Major of the United States\\nRangers and on the 4th of March 1835 was\\npromoted Colonel of the First United States\\nDragoons, commanding an expedition from Fort\\nLeavenworth to the Rocky Mountains, making\\nimportant treaties with the Indians on the moun-\\ntains and plains by the way of the Platte river,\\nand returning by the Arkansas river.\\nWhen the Territory of Wisconsin was organ-\\nized, President Jackson on the ist of July 1836,\\nappointed General Dodge its Governor. He con-\\ntinued in this capacity until 1841 his jurisdiction\\nincluded all Iowa, Minnesota and Dakota, which\\nthen formed a part of Wisconsin. Governor\\nDodge was elected delegate to Congress from\\nWisconsin, serving until 1845, when he was\\nagain appointed Governor of that Territory until\\n1848. When Wisconsin became a State he was\\nelected United States Senator, and served in that\\ncapacity until 1857.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0294.jp2"}, "293": {"fulltext": "269\\nGovernor Henry Dodge was in figure tall,\\nstrong and muscular, of dignified deportment,\\nbeing a bold and brave man. For half a century\\nhe served his country in various capacities, with\\ndistinction and usefulness. His life and charac-\\nter in the civil and military fields became a part\\nof the history of the West. He died June 14th\\n1868, respected by the people, and was buried\\nwest of the Mississippi river, at Burlington,\\nIowa.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0295.jp2"}, "294": {"fulltext": "^70\\nII. Lewis F. Linn.\\nThe model Senator of Missouri, Dr. Lewis F.\\nLinn was born in the vicinity of Louisville, Ken-\\ntucky, on the 5th of November, 1795. Colonel\\nWilliam Linn, his grand-father, served with dis-\\ntinction under Colonel Roger Clark. He left\\nseveral children, among whom was Asael Linn,\\nthe father of the subject of this sketch. Asael\\nLinn, in early life, with his brother William and\\ntwo friends, Lewis Field and Wells, were cap-\\ntured near Louisville by the Shawnee Indians,\\nand held prisoners for three years, when they\\nmade their escape by killing their guard. They\\ntraveled a long way through the wilderness,\\nswam the Ohio river, and returned to Louisville.\\nAsael Linn married the widow of Israel Dodge,\\nformerl) of Pennsylvania, she being a woman of\\ngreat character and romantic disposition. Gen-\\neral Henry Dodge, fornier sheriff of St. Gene-\\nvieve, the half-brother of Dr. Linn, became, by\\nreason of the death of Asael Linn, the guardian\\nof Lewis F, Linn, and with great care super-\\nvised his education. Dr. Linn received his med-\\nical education at Louisville, He soon developed\\ngreat abilities in his profession, and his life was\\ndevoted to charitable actioiis. Dr. Linn settled", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0296.jp2"}, "295": {"fulltext": "permanently at St. Genevieve, then In the Ter-\\nritory of Missouri, in the year 1815.\\nHe married Miss EHzabeth K. Relfe in the\\nyear 181 8, a daughter of John Relfe, formerly of\\nVirginia. She was a sister of Hon. James Relfe,\\na man of talent, former commissioner of United\\nStates land claims, United States Marshal in\\n1836 of the district of Missouri, and afterwards\\nmember of Congress in 1843 from this State,\\nbeing the father of the present Hon. Wm. S.\\nRelfe, Commissioner of Insurance of Missouri.\\nLewis F. Linn was a model of manly beauty, the\\nhandsomest man of his day, possessed of great\\nintellectual gifts, and in polite manners a Chester-\\nfield. His conversational powers were simply\\nbeautiful, when animated in conversation his\\neloquence was unsurpassed, and seemed infused\\ninto him. as if by the touch of an angel. Linn\\nwas a man of refined and generous impulses, he\\npossessed in a high degree gallantry and patriot-\\nism. He rendered great services, not only to\\nMissouri, but to the whole country. If his ashes\\nare not gilt with the pomp of battle, still his pri-\\nvate and public virtues are resplendent with\\nlustre and beauty.\\nLinn s first entrance in public life was his\\nelection to the State Senate of Missouri from\\nSt. Genevieve district in the year 1830.\\nPresident Jackson in the year 1832 appointed\\nhini one of the Commissioners of land claims, to\\nsettle the old Spanish and French grants. He", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0297.jp2"}, "296": {"fulltext": "272\\nwas appointed and afterwards elected United\\nStates Senator from Missouri, and served with\\ndistinction from 1833 to 1843. Senator Linn\\nacquitted himself in that capacity, with honor, in\\nthe acquisition of the Platte country for Missouri.\\nHe strongly advocated the occupation and settle-\\nment of the Pacific coast, and particularly the\\noccupation of Oregon, which caused afterwards\\nan honorable treaty with Great Britain in regard\\nto this Territory. He took an active part in the\\nestablishment of forts, post-roads and military\\nroads upon our frontiers, and strongly advocated\\nthe improvement of our Western rivers. He\\nwas a staunch friend of the early pioneers, in\\nsecuring their pre-emption claims and the con-\\nfirmation of land titles by Congress.\\nDuring his service in Congress, there were\\nmen of great oratorical talents and genius.\\nSenator Linn was highly esteemed by his com-\\npeers for his talents and integrity. On one\\noccasion, when he held in his hands a roll of bills\\nto present, and had risen for that purpose, Mr.\\nBuchanan rose, and remarked pleasantly, Doc-\\ntor, we will save you the trouble if you recom-\\nmend them we will pass the whole bundle.\\nThe suggestion was, in the same spirit, seconded\\nby Mr. Clay. On another occasion, whilst a\\ndebate ran hiorh, the Senators beinsf excited on\\nsome political question, Henry Clay made a\\nstatement which caused Senator l^inn to rise to\\ncorrect him. Immediately Clay paused and", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0298.jp2"}, "297": {"fulltext": "273\\nbowed, and waving gracefully his hand, replied,\\nIt is sufficient that it comes from the Senator\\nfrom Missouri.\\nLinn was held in great regard and respect by\\nfriends and political opponents. He was cau-\\ntious, brilliant, profound, conciliatory, but uncom-\\npromising in principles. He died suddenly at\\nhis homestead, in the town of St. Genevieve\\nand was buried in the Protestant graveyard.\\nOver his remains has been erected a monument\\nby the State of Missouri with the following\\nappropriate epitaph\\nHere lie the remains of Lewis F. Linn, the\\nmodel Senator of Missouri.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0299.jp2"}, "298": {"fulltext": "2 74\\nIII. Senator George W, Jones.\\nThe father of George W. Jones, known as\\nJudge John Rice Jones, was born in Wales in\\n1759, and was educated for the law. He emi-\\ngrated to the United States in 1788, and settled\\nfirst in Philadelphia, afterwards removed to\\nVincennes in 1787, when the Northwestern Ter-\\nritory was organized.\\nIn 1790, he established himself at Kaskaskia,\\nwhere he practiced his profession, then returned\\nto Vincennes to act as one of the United States\\nJudges for the Indian Territory. He was ap-\\npointed in 1807 to revise the Statute of that\\nTerritory.\\nIn 1810 he removed to the Missouri Territory;\\nafterwards was elected a member of the Legisla-\\nture of Missouri from Washington County. He\\nalso served as a member of the Convention to\\nform the Constitution of Missouri, in 1820.\\nAfter this Constitution and State was adopted,\\nhe was appointed one of the Judges of the\\nSupreme Court of Missouri, and whilst filling\\nthis office, he died in St. Louis in 1814.\\nGeneral Augustus Jones, another son of\\nJudge John Rice Jones, was a man of remarkable\\nbravery and activity, who, after leaving Missouri,\\nemigrated to, and died in, the State of Texas.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0300.jp2"}, "299": {"fulltext": "275-\\nThe poet and writer, Ferguson, in speaking\\nof Augustus Jones, related of him that when\\na school-boy he was a student at St. Genevieve.\\nAs he was sitting with his slate on his knee, a\\ncavalr)- company passed, and when he heard the\\nbugle sound, he broke his slate on his knee and\\ngetting a horse he rode up to the officer and said\\nto him I want to go with you. The officer\\nreplied You are too young and too small for\\na soldier.\\nYoung Jones continued to follow the soldiers\\nuntil they crossed the Missouri river at St.\\nCharles. The Indians were very troublesome\\nat St. Charles, and the officer had to take young\\nJones in to keep him from being scalped.\\nWhen they arrived on the Upper Mississippi,\\nit was important that they should communicate\\nwith General Atkinson, who was on the eastern\\nshore of the Mississippi river. There was no\\nboat to communicate with General Atkinson.\\nJones said to the officer\\nI can take the dispatch over the river.\\nHow will you take it\\nI will put it in my cap, and swim my horse\\nacross the river.\\n.His plan was carried out successfully. He\\ngot the answer of General Atkinson, and swim-\\nming his horse back across the river, delivered\\nit, which was very important.\\nAndrew Jackson heard of the swimming of\\nthe horse across the river, and remembered it", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0301.jp2"}, "300": {"fulltext": "276\\nwhen he became President. He appointed\\nJones United States Marshal of Missouri.\\nGeorge W. Jones, the son of John Rice Jones,\\nwas born at Vincennes, Indiana, April 12th\\n1804. He removed and settled at St. Gene-\\nvieve, Missouri, about the year 1809.\\nGeorge W. Jones married at St. Genevieve a\\nMiss Josephine Gregoire, a descendant of res-\\npectable French and German families, who had\\nsettled in Upper Louisiana in early times.\\nSenator Jones, was educated for the profession\\nof law, at the Transylvania University, Lexing-\\nton, Kentucky. Whilst there, he acted as First\\nSergeant to the body-guard of General Lafay-\\nette, in 1824.\\nHe was in 1826 appointed Clerk of the United\\nStates District Court of Missouri, presided by\\nJudge L H. Peck. Afterwards he served as\\naid-de-camp to General Henry Dodge in the\\nBlack- Hawk war.\\nHe emigrated from St. Genevieve to Iowa,\\nwhich was then a part of Michigan Territory, in\\nthe year 1827, and first settled at Sinsinawa\\nMound, seven miles from Dubuque, and became\\nat that early day its post-master, from 1833 to\\n1835.\\nFrom this humble position, he was elected a\\ndelegate to Congress from the Territory of\\nMichigan, in the year 1835, for two years. By\\nhis close application to the interests of his con-\\nstituents, he was re-elected by the people in 1837.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0302.jp2"}, "301": {"fulltext": "2/7\\nDuring thes; four years he served as delegate in\\nour National Congress, which was ornamented\\nby men ot great eloquence, talents and genius.\\nIn 1838 there occurred a fatal duel between\\nthe celebrated Cilley and Graves, which created\\nquite a feeling and excitement in the United\\nStates, when the brave Cilley fell in this fatal\\nencounter. Delegate George W. Jones, acted at\\nthe time as the second and friend of Cilley.\\nIn the year 1840 President Van Buren, ap-\\npointed Delegate Jones, Surveyor-General of\\nWisconsin and Iowa. He was removed in 1841,\\nfor political reasons.\\nIn I 84 1, Jones became Clerk of the Supreme\\nCourt of the United States for Wisconsin Terri-\\ntory until 1845. President Polk re-instated Jones\\nas Surveyor-General in 1845, which office he\\nheld until 1848.\\nThe State of Iowa in 1848, being admitted into\\nthe Union, proceeded to elect two United States\\nSenators, when George W. Jones was selected\\nas one, and was re-elected afterwards, making\\ntwo terms of service in the Senate.\\nPresident Buchanan, ap[)ointed Senator Jones\\nas minister to Bogota (United States of Colum-\\nbia) in the year 1859. He served in that capacity\\nuntil December 1861.\\nDuring the late Civil war, he was arrested and\\nimprisoned in F^ort Lafayette, by William H.\\nSeward, but afterwards released by Secretary\\nStanton, February 2 2d, 1862.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0303.jp2"}, "302": {"fulltext": "-278-\\nSenator Jones is rather tall, and good-looking,\\nwith a fine black eye rather polished in his man-\\nners, active in walk and talk,- and has reached\\nthe ripe age of eighty-three years. January 7th,\\n1879, he celebrated his golden wedding, which is\\nseldom witnessed in life.\\nThe people of Dubuque and of Iowa, in con-\\nsideration of his long public service and poverty,\\nwith a truly liberal spirit and devotion to his per-\\nson, latterly with great generosity relieved him\\nfrom his obligations, whilst securing to his family\\nhis homestead. May they receive the blessing of\\nheaven, for this noble act.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0304.jp2"}, "303": {"fulltext": "279\\nIV. Augustus C. Dodge,\\nWas bor:i January 12th, 181 2, in the town of\\nSt. Genevieve, Missouri. In his boyhood he\\naided his father, Governor Henry Dodge in dif-\\nferent occupations. At the age of twenty-seven\\nyoung Dodge settled in the Territory of Wis-\\nconsin.\\nGeneral Dodge, in March 1837, married Miss\\nClara Hertick. She was the daughter of Pro-\\nfessor Joseph Hertick, who had established an\\nacademy, in about the year 181 5, in St. Gene-\\nvieve county. Mr. Hertick was a native of\\nSwitzerland he was a ripe scholar, taught the\\nP^nglish, French, and Germ.an languages.\\nGeneral Dodge after his marriaore settled in\\nthe State of Iowa, where in a short time he\\ngained the confidence and esteem of the people\\nby his integrity and generous impulses. He\\nenlisted and served with credit to himself in the\\nBlack-Hawk and Winnebago wars of 1827 and\\n1832, under his father.\\nIn June 1838, he was appointed, by President\\nVan Buren, Register of the land office at Burling-\\nton, Iowa. In October of this year, when the\\nfirst public sale took place, in this capacity he\\ngave general satisfaction.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0305.jp2"}, "304": {"fulltext": "28o\\nGeneral Dodge served as delegate in Con-\\ngress from 1 84 1 to 1847. The Legislature of\\nIowa elected him United States Senator from\\n1848 to 1855. The two Dodges were warm\\nadvocates of the Homestead bill, graduation bills,\\nand the establishment of military forts through-\\nout the Great West, for the protection of emi-\\ngrants and pioneers, and strongly advocated the\\nadmission of California as a State, and the estab-\\nlishment of the Territorial governments of New\\nMexico and Utah.\\nAt the same period, in the United States Sen-\\nate, could be witnessed the two Senators, father\\nand son, representing two sister states, Wiscon-\\nsin and Iowa, united by blood and advocating the\\nsime principles. What a remarkable coinci-\\ndence and beautiful spectacle presented to the\\nstatesmen of the world It forces us back to\\nthe pages of Grecian and Roman history for\\nexamples and illustrations of this character.\\nSenator Dodge was afterwards appointed to\\nthe important position of Minister to Spain, and\\nin that capacity served his country well, especi-\\nally in arranging the troubles arising out of the\\nseizure by Spain of the steamer Black Warrior\\nand the difficulties arising out of the comnun-ce\\nwith the Island of Cuba.\\nSenator DoJge, after his long public career,\\ndevoted his time to his private affairs and served\\nthe p -^ople of iJui linglon, in the c:ij)acity of\\nMayor of t uit growing and thriving city.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0306.jp2"}, "305": {"fulltext": "I\\n2\u00c2\u00abI\\nSenator Dodg-e was a well formc^d person,\\nstood erect, bore the character of a courteous\\nq-entleman, was remarkable for sobriety, and\\npunctual in his relations with mankind. He\\ndied at BurlingLon, Iowa, November 20Lh 18S3,\\ngreatly lamented by his friends and the people of\\nthe West.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0307.jp2"}, "306": {"fulltext": "282\\nV. Lkwis V. Bogy.\\nThk Bogy family is an ancient and honorable\\nfamily, who settled in early times in the Great\\nWest. Ho n. Joseph Bogy, Sr., the father of\\nI^ewis V. Bogy, was born at Kaskaskia, Illinois.\\nHis first public occupation was as private secre-\\ntary under Morales, Spanish Governor of Louis-\\niana he afterwards became a citizen of St. Gen-\\nevieve, Missouri. He served in the House of\\nRepresentatives of Missouri became also one\\not its State Senators. He married a Miss\\nBeauvais, who belonged of a very inHuential\\nfamily of Upper Louisiana. He was a man of\\naffable manners, a well educated person, and of\\ngreat integrity of character.\\nLewis V. Bogy, his son. was born in the town\\nof St. Genevieve, Missouri, April 9th 181 3. In\\nhis youth he acquired the rudiments of an edu-\\ncation, until he had the mislortune at the age of\\nfourteen years to be attacked by a white swell-\\ning on the right hip, and was confined for two\\nyears in his room but by the great care and\\n^kill of Doctors Linn and Cluck, recovered his\\nhealth. He then took the resolution to study\\nlaw, and went to Kaskaskia, to engage in his\\nstudies under judge Nathaniel P()p(\\nBoyfv in his youth showed LJ reat ambition to", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0308.jp2"}, "307": {"fulltext": "283\\nenter public life, and determined to reach the\\nhigh position of United States Senator, which he\\ndid as a member of the United States Senate\\nfrom the great State of Missouri.\\nIn the year 1832, he served as volunteer in\\nthe Black- Hawk war. Shortly afterwards he\\nattended the law-school at Lexington, Kentucky;\\nthen went to Wayne county in said State and\\nbecame a school teacher.\\nWhilst at Lexington as a student, Bogy at-\\ntended a lecture delivered by a New England\\nminister, who indulged in very strong language\\nagainst the people of St. Louis, including Jews,\\nthe French and the Catholic Church. Bogy lis-\\ntened with patience until he spoke of the w omen\\nwith unbecoming severity, when he jumped from\\nhis seat and in a loud voice said, Now stop,\\nsir, I pronounce what you say about St. Louis an\\nabsolute ialsehood. The preacher became con-\\nfused which occasioned a smile from the audience.\\nBogy returned to St. Genevieve in 1835. He\\nafterwards removed to St. Louis, to practice as a\\nlawyer but soon his ambition led him to a politi-\\ncal life, and he was elected from St. Louis\\nCounty as a member of the Legislature, in the\\nyear 1840. Whilst residing in St. Louis, he\\nwent to the city of New York, where he mar-\\nried a dauo^hter of General Bernard Pratte, a\\nwoman of domestic habits and of great virtue.\\nBogy at this time was a Whig, and was a\\nstrong advocate of Mr. Clay s doctrines. In", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0309.jp2"}, "308": {"fulltext": "284\\n1S49 H removed to t. Genevieve, his native\\ntown and took an active part in politics, becom-\\ning Anti-Benton. In the year 1852 he be-\\ncame a candidate lor Congress against Benton,\\nand met witli defeat. Becoming a candidate for\\nthe Legislature from St. Genevieve County in\\n1854, against Hon. Sifroid Roussin, the son-in\\nlaw of Hon. John Scott, a Whig, he was again\\ndefeated.\\nLewis V. Bogy again concluded to run for the\\nLegislature as ar. Anti-Benton. His opponent\\nas a Benton -man was Hon. Firmin A. Rozier.\\nThis canvass was one ot the bitterest and stirring\\nones of the State, which resulted in the election\\nof Bog)\\nHe again removed to St. Louis, and became\\na democratic candidate for Congress in 1863\\nagainst Frank Blair, and was defeated. Presi-\\ndent Johnson in 1867 appointed him Commis-\\nsioner of Indian affairs. He served in that capa-\\ncity six months. Not being confirmed by the\\nSenate, he withdrew from office.\\nThe political affairs of the State of Missouri,\\nabout this time became turbulent and unsettled,\\now ing to the effects of the late war, also from the\\ngreat interest felt in the election of a United\\nStates Senator. The result was that Hon.\\nLewis V. Bogy was elected from Missouri, from\\nMarch 4, 1873 to 1879, in the capacity of Sena-\\nt^ir. He seived with credit to himself and con-\\nstituents.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0310.jp2"}, "309": {"fulltext": "-285-\\nSenator Booy was a tall and well-formed per\\nson, rather mild in disposition, charitable in char-\\nacter, possessing good conversational powers.\\nAs a speaker his delivery was graceful as a\\ndebater he was zealous and enthusiastic. Ori-\\neinally he was a strong Whig- afterwards Anti-\\nBenton, and latterly acted with the Democratic\\nparty and became a Democrat in feelings and\\nprinciples.\\nDuring the Civil war, he warmly sympathized\\nwith the South, in their constitutional rights, and\\nstrongly desired the restoration of the Union\\nand a strict adherence to the original constitution.\\nSenator Lewis V. Bogy died in the city ot\\nSt. Louis on the 20th of September 1877, regret-\\nted by a large number of friends and relatives,\\nand by his compeers in the United States Senate.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0311.jp2"}, "310": {"fulltext": "!86\\nPART X.\\nAUDUBON AND ROZIER.\\nAudubon, the Ornithologist. Rozier, the\\nWestern Merchant.\\nThe Audubon and Rozier families were ori\\nginally from Nantes, France. James Audubon,\\nthe father of John Audubon, was engaged in the\\nmarine of France during the French revolution\\nand the Napoleon dynasty. Whilst in the West\\nIndia Islands he purchased a plantation in St.\\nDominn^o. Afterwards he went with his family\\nto Louisiana, where his son John, the ornitholo-\\ngist, was born on the 4th day of May, 1780,\\nafter which the family left Louisiana and re-\\nturned to France. John Audubon, while in\\nFrance, was sent to school by his father and\\ninstructed in drawing, mathematics, geography,\\nand painting by the famous James David of\\nFrench notoriety. During the PVench revolu-\\ntion, Audubon after leaving school entered the\\nFrench navy as a midshipman, but was in the\\nservice only a short time.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0312.jp2"}, "311": {"fulltext": "2^7\\nMr. Ferdinand Rozier was born at Nantes,\\nFrance, on the 9th of November, 1777. His\\nfather, Judge Francis Rozier, was the Commer-\\ncial fudge of Nantes for many years and enjoyed\\na good reputation for talent and legal acquire-\\nments. He was sent to college while quite\\nyoung and acquired a good education. During\\ntlie terrible struggle between Napoleon and\\nGreat Britain for the supremacy of the ocean, he\\nat the age of twenty-five entered the French\\nnavy on the 28th of May, 1802, on the ship\\nLa Renommee, commanded by CL^pt. Frichaud,\\nand bound for Bonne Esperance (Good Hope)\\nand the Island of France. While at the Island\\nof France the ship was captured and the crew\\ndisarmed, on the 3d day of March, 1803. Rozier\\non the 1 6th of June, 1803, was ordered on the\\nbrig Bon Victor, in command of Capt. Mayseau,\\nwho sailed for the port of Cadiz, Spain. From\\nthere he embarked on board the goelette La\\nSylvia, Captain Bonier commanding, who sailed\\nto St. Croix (Isle Tenneriffe), where they arrived\\nDecember 31, 1803, and leaving this port Janu-\\nary 26, they sailed for St. Bartholomew (Isle\\nSuedoise), where they cast anchor March 26,\\n1804.\\nRozier, on April 8, 1804, embarked on the\\ncutter La Experiment, Captain Upton, bound for\\nthe United States, visiting several ports along\\nthe Atlantic from Philadelphia to Norfolk, V ir-\\nginia and from the last port he embarked on the", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0313.jp2"}, "312": {"fulltext": "288\\nfrigate Le President, commanded by Captain\\nGallic Lebrose, who sailed for France, entering\\nthe port of Nantes March i, 1805. After en\\ncountering many dangers and adventures on the\\nocean, he retired from the navy and concluded\\nwith Audubon to emigrate to America.\\nAudubon and Rozier left France April 12,\\n1806, for the United States, arriving in New\\nYork City May 26 of that year. They crossed\\nthe ocean on an American ship named the\\nPolly, bearing the United States flag, and com-\\nmanded by Captain Sammis. Whilst on her trip\\nshe was overhauled, searched and robbed by an\\nEnglish privateer bearing the name of Rattle-\\nsnake, the commander of which impressed two\\nAmerican sailors, notwithstanding the American\\ncaptain s remonstrances. The Polly was detained\\none day and night.\\nAudubon and Rozier removed to Pennsylvania\\non a tract of land called Mill Grove, owned\\nby their fathers, and located on the Perkoming\\ncreek, in Montgomery county. They remained\\nthere from May, 1806, to August 1807, superin-\\ntending this property, which at the time was\\nthought to contain valuable minerals.\\nAudubon and Rozier left Philadelphia August\\n31, 1807, on a commercial tour to the West.\\nThey traveled by tlu- way to Lancaster, Harris-\\nburg, Chambersburg, Bedford, Pittsburg where\\nthey stopped at the Jefferson hotel, conducted by\\nMr. Gillaud. They left Pittsburg on a low, tlat-", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0314.jp2"}, "313": {"fulltext": "289\\nbottomed boat, floalinL;- down the Ohio river\\nuntil they reached Maysville, Kentucky, on the\\n30th of September, 1807, where they disem-\\nbarked. From there they visited Lexington,\\nOctober 2, 1807, afterwards Frankford, Paris,\\nDanville, Springfield, Bardstown and Louisville,\\nsojourning in Kentucky part of 1807 to 1810.\\nDuring the spring of 1808 Audubon returned to\\nPennsylvania, where he was married to Miss\\nLucy Bakewell on the 8th day of April, 1808,\\nand soon returned to Louisville with his bride.\\nRozier and Audubon, in the year 1810, at\\nLouisville, purchased a keel-boat, with provisions,\\ngroceries, and 310 barrels of good Kentucky\\nwhiskey, destined for St. Genevieve, Upper\\nLouisiana.\\nThe Keel-Boat.\\nTheir boat was new, staunch and well trim-\\nmed, and had a cabin in her bow. A long steer-\\ning oar, made of the trunk of a slender tree,\\nabout sixty feet in length, and shaped at its outer\\nextremity like the fin of a dolphin, helped to\\nsteer the boat, while the four oars from the\\nbow impelled her along, when going with the\\ncurrent, about five miles an hour.\\nAfter leaving the Falls of Louisville, they in the\\nfall of 1810 floated down the Ohio river, stopping\\nfor a short time at Hendersonville, Kentucky\\nand other landings, until they reached Cash", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0315.jp2"}, "314": {"fulltext": "290\\ncreek, a small stream with a good harbor, where\\nthey anchored for a few clays. During this time\\nAudubon availed himself of penetrating the wild\\nforest, and taking a great hunt with a few war-\\nriors and squaws. We give in fu\\\\ this interest-\\ning and graphic account of this great Swan and\\nBear hunt also of their difficult and perilous\\nnavigation of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers\\nto St. Genevieve, at this early period, being in\\nthe spring of 1811, previous to steam power being\\nintroduced in the navigation of our great West-\\nern rivers.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0316.jp2"}, "315": {"fulltext": "291\\nAudubon s Great Swan and Bear Story.\\nThe second morning after our arrival at\\nCash creek, while I was straining my eyes to dis-\\ncover whether it was dawn or rot, I heard a\\nmoveme.it in the Indian camp, and discovered\\nthat a canoe with half a dozen squaws and as\\nmany hunters were about leaving for Tennessee.\\nI heard there was a large lake opposite to us\\nwhere immense Hocks of swans resorted every\\nmorning, and asking permission to join them I\\nseated myself on my haunches in the canoe,\\nwell provided with ammunition and a bottle of\\nwhiskey, and in a few minutes the paddles were\\nat work, swiftly propelling us to the opposite\\nshore. I was not much surprised to see the\\nboat paddled by the squaws, but I was quite so\\nto see the hunters stretch themselves out and\\ngo to sleep.\\nOn landing, the squaws took charge of the\\ncanoe and went in search of nuts, while we\\ngentlemen hunters made the best of our way\\nthrough thick and thin to the lake. Its muddy\\nshores were overgrown with a close growth of\\ncotton trees, too large to be pushed aside and\\ntoo thick to pass through except by squeezing\\nyourself at every few steps and to add to the\\ndifficulty, every few rods we came to a small,", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0317.jp2"}, "316": {"fulltext": "292\\ndirty lagoon, which one r.v: jump, leap or swim,\\nand this not without peril of broken limbs or\\ndrowning-. But when the lake burst upon our\\nview, there were the swans by hundreds, and\\nwhite as rich cream, either dipping their black\\ni.ills in the water, or stretching out one leg on its\\nsurface, or gently floating along.\\nAccording to the Indian mode of hunting, we\\nhad divided, and a[)proached the lagoon from\\ndifferent sides. The moment our vidette was\\nseen it seemed as if thousands of large, fat and\\nheavy swans were startled, and as they made\\nway from him they drew towards the ambush of\\ndeath for the trees had hunters behind them,\\nwhose touch of the trigger would carry destruc-\\ntion among them. As the first party fired, the\\ngame rose up and flew within easy distance of\\nthe party on the opposite side, when they again\\nfired, and I saw the water covered \\\\vith birds\\n(loating with backs downward, their heads sunk\\nin tlie water and their legs kicking in the air.\\nWhen the sport was over we counted more than\\nfifty of these beautiful birds, whose skins were\\nintended for the ladies in Europe. There were\\nplenty of geese and ducks, but no one conde-\\nscended to give them a shot.\\nA conch was sounded and after awhile the\\nsquaws came, dragging the canoe and collecting\\nthe dead game, which was taken to the river s\\nedge, fastened to the canoe and before dusk we\\nwere again landed at our camping-grounds. The", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0318.jp2"}, "317": {"fulltext": "-293\\nfires were soon lighted and a soup of pecan nuts\\nand bear fat made and eaten. The hunters\\nstretched themselves with their feet close to the\\ncamp-fires, intended to burn all night. The\\nsquaws then began to skin the birds, and I\\nretired, very well satisfied with my Christmas\\nsport.\\nWhen I awoke in the morning and made my\\nrounds through the camp, I found a squaw had\\nbeen delivered of beautiful twins during the\\nnight, and I saw the same squaw at work tanning\\ndeer skins. She had cut two vines at the roots\\nof opposite trees and made a cradle of bark, in\\nwhich the new-born ones were wafted to and fro\\nwith a punch of her hands, while from time to\\ntime she gave them the breast, and was appar-\\nendy as unconcerned as if the event had not\\ntaken place.\\nAn Indian camp on a hunting expedition is\\nby no means a place of idleness, and although\\nthe men do little more than hunt, they perform\\ntheir task with an industry which borders on\\nenthusiasm. I was invited by these hunters to\\na bear hunt. A tall, robust, well -shaped fellow\\nassured me that we should have some sport that\\nday, for he had discovered the haunts of one of\\nlarge size, and he wanted to meet him face to\\nface, and we four started to see how he would\\nfulfil his boast.\\nAbout half a mile from the camp he said he\\nperceived his tracks, though I could see nothing;", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0319.jp2"}, "318": {"fulltext": "294\\nand we rambled through the cane until we came\\nto an immense decayed log, in which he swore\\nthe bear was. I saw his eyes sparkle with joy,\\nhis rusty blanket was thrown off his shoulders,\\nhis brawny arms swelled with blood, as he drew\\nhis scalping-knife from his belt with a flourish\\nwhich showed that fighting was his delight. He\\ntold me to mount a small sapling, because a bear\\ncannot climb one, while it can go up a large tree\\nwith the nimbleness of a squirrel. The two\\nother Indians seated themselves at the entrance,\\nand the hero went in bodily.\\nAll was silent for a few moments, when he came\\nout and said the heart was dead and I migh come\\ndown. The Indians cut a long vine, went into\\nthe hollow of the tree, fastened it to the animal,\\nand with their united force dragged it cut. I\\nreally thought this was an exploit. Since then I\\nhave seen many Indian exploits which proved to\\nme their heroism. In Europe or America the\\nwhite hunter would have taken his game home\\nand talked about it for weeks, but these simple\\nper pie only took off the animal s skin, hung the\\nflesh in quarters on the trees, and continued the\\nhunt. Unable to follow them, I returned to the\\ncamp, accompanied by an Indian, who broke the\\ntwigs of the bushes as we passed, and sent back\\ntwo squaws on the track who brought the flesh\\nand skin to the camp.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0320.jp2"}, "319": {"fulltext": "295\\nTheir Voyage up the Mississippi\\nWe give to our readers, Audubon s interest-\\ning narration of this voyage up the Mississippi\\nto the town ot St. Genevieve\\nAfter floating down the Ohio, we entered\\nthe Mississippi river running three miles an hour,\\nand bringing shoals of ice to further impede\\nour progress. The patron ordered the line\\nashore, and it became the duty of every man\\nto haul the cordelle, which was a rope fas-\\ntened to the bow of the boat, and one man left\\non board to steer, the others laying the rope over\\ntheir shoulders, slowly wafted the heavy boat and\\ncargo against the current. We made seven miles\\nthat day up the famous river. At night wc\\ncamped on the shores. Here we made fires,\\ncooked supper, and setting one sentinel, the rest\\nwent to bed and slept like men who had done\\none good day s work.\\nThe next day we began to move the boat at\\nabout one mile an hour against the current.\\nWe had a sail on board, but the wind was ahead,\\nand we made ten miles that day. We made our\\nfires, and 1 lay down to sleep again in my buf-\\nfalo robes. Two more days of similar toil fol-", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0321.jp2"}, "320": {"fulltext": "296\\nlowed, when the weather became severe, and our\\npatron ordered us to go into winter quarters, in\\nthe great bend of the Tawapattee Bottom.\\nThere was not a w^iite man s cabin within\\ntwenty miles, and that over a river we could not\\ncross. We cut down trees and made a winter\\ncamp. But a new field was open to me, and I\\nrambled through the deep forests, and soon\\nbecame acquainted with the Indian trails and\\nthe lakes in the neighborhood.\\nThe Indians have the instinct or sagacity to\\ndiscover an encampment of white men almost as\\nquickly as vultures sight the carcass of a dead\\nanimal and I was not long in meeting strolling-\\nnatives in the woods. They gradually accumu-\\nlated, and before a week had passed, great num-\\nbers of these unfortunate beings were around\\nus, chiefly Osages and Shaunees. The former\\nwere well-formed, athletic and robust men of a\\nnoble aspect, and kept aloft from the others.\\nThey hunted nothing but large game, and the\\nfew elks and buffaloes that remained in the\\ncountry.\\nThe latter had been more in contact with the\\nwhites, were much inferior, and killed opossum\\nand wild turkeys for a subsistence. The Osages\\nbeing a new race to me, I went often to their\\ncamp, to study their character and habits but\\nfound much difficulty in becoming acquainted\\nwith them. They spoke 179 French, and only a", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0322.jp2"}, "321": {"fulltext": "297\\nfew words of English, and their general de-\\nmeanor proved them to be a nobler race. They\\nwere delighted to see me draw, and when I\\nmade a tolerable likeness of one of them with\\nred chalk they cried out with astonishment, and\\nlaughed excessively. They stood the cold much\\nbetter than the Shaunees, and were much more\\nexpert with bows and arrows.\\nThe bones we threw around our camp at-\\ntracted wolves, and afforded us much sport in\\nhunting them. Here I passed six weeks pleas-\\nantly, investigating the habits of wild deer,\\nbears, cougars, raccoons and turkeys, and many\\nother animals, and I drew more or less by the\\nside of our great camp-fire every day, and no\\none can have an idea of what a good fire is,\\nwho has never seen a camp-fire in the woods of\\nAmerica. Imagine four or five ash trees, three\\nfeet in diameter and sixty feet long cut and piled\\nup, with all their limbs and branches, ten feet\\nhigh, and then a fire kindled on the top with\\nbrush and dry leaves and then under the smoke\\nthe party lies down and goes to sleep.\\nHere our bread gave out, and after using\\nthe breast of wild turkey for bread, and bear s\\ngrease for butter, and eating opossum and bear s\\nmeat until our stomachs revolted, it was decided\\nthat a Kentuckian named Pope, our clerk, and a\\nofood woodsman should q-q with me to the near-\\nest settlement and try and bring some Indian\\nmeal.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0323.jp2"}, "322": {"fulltext": "298\\nOn the way we saw a herd of deer, and\\nturned aside to shoot one and having done so,\\nand marked the place, we continued our journey.\\nWe walked until dusk, and no river appeared.\\nJust then I noticed an Indian trail, which we\\nSupposed led to the river, and after following it a\\nshort distance, entered the camp we had left in\\nthe morning. My partner Rozier finding we had\\nno loaves in our hands, and no bags of meal on\\nour shoulders, said we were boobies, the boat-\\nI man laughed, the Indians joined the chorus, and\\nwe ate some cold raccoon, and stumbled into our\\nbuffalo robes, and were soon enjoying our sleep.\\nThe next day we tried it again, going di-\\nrectly across the bend, suffering neither the flocks\\nof turkeys, nor the droves of deer we saw, to\\nturn us aside until we had Cape Girardeau in\\nfull sight, an hour before the setting of the sun.\\nThe ice was running swiftly in the river, and we\\nhailed in vain, for no small boat dared put out.\\nAn old abandoned log house stood on our bank,\\nand we took lodcrino-s there for the nicjht. We\\nmade a little fire, ate a little bear s dried meat\\nwe had brought, and slept comfortably.\\nDay-light returned fair and frosty, the trees\\ncovered with snow and icicles, shining like jewels\\nas the sun rose on them, and the wild turkeys\\nseemed so dazzled by their brilliancy, that they\\nallowed us to pass under them withor.t flying.\\nAfter a time we saw a canoe picking its way\\nI\\nthrough the running ice. Through the messen-", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0324.jp2"}, "323": {"fulltext": "299-\\nger who came in the boat, we obtained a barrel\\nof flour, several bags of Indian meal, and a few\\nloaves of bread. Having rolled the flour In a\\nsafe place, slung the meal in a tree, and thrust\\nour gun barrels through the loaves of bread, we\\nstarted for our camp and reached it after mid-\\nnight. Four men were sent the next morning\\nwith axes, to make a sledge and drag the pro-\\nvisions over the snow to the camp.\\nThe river, which had been constantly slowly\\nrising, now began to fall, and prepared new\\ntroubles for us, for as the water fell, the Ice clung\\nto the shore, and we were forced, to keep the\\nboat afloat, to unload the cargo. This, with the\\nhelp of all the Indian men and women, took two\\ndays. Then we cut large trees, and fastened\\nthem to the shore above the boat, so as to secure\\nit from the ice, which was accumulating, and to\\nsave the boat from being cut by it.\\nWe were now indeed In winter quarters.\\nThe Indians made baskets of cane. Mr. Pope\\nplayed on the violin, and I on the flute, the men\\ndanced, and the squaws looked on and laughed,\\nand the hunters smoked their pipes with such\\nserenity as only Indians can, and I never regret-\\nted one day spent there.\\nWhile our time went pleasantly enough, a\\nsudden and startling catastrophe threatened us\\nwithout warning. The ice began to break, and\\nour boat was In danger of being cut to pieces\\nby the ice-floes, or swamped by their pressure.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0325.jp2"}, "324": {"fulltext": "3C0\\nRoused from cur sleep, we rushed down pell-\\nmell to the bank, as if attacked by savages, and\\ndiscovered the ice was breaking up rapidly. It\\nsplit with reports like those of heavy artillery.\\nOur boat was in imminent danger, for the trees\\nwhich had been placed to guard it from the ice,\\nwere cut or broken to pieces, and were thrust\\nagainst her. It was impossible to move her\\nbut our pilot ordered every man to bring down\\ngreat bunches of cane, which were lashed along\\nher sides; and before these were destroyed by\\nthe ice, she was afloat, and riding above it.\\nWhile we were gazing on this scene, a tre-\\nmendous crash was heard, when suddenly the\\ngreat dam of ice gave way, and in less than\\nfour hours, we witnessed the complete breaking\\nup of the ice. The cargo was again put on board\\nof the boat, and our camp given up to the\\nIndians. After bidding mutual adieus, as when\\nbrothers part, fortunately we reached safely Cape\\nGirardeau. But this village was small, and no\\nmarket for us, and we determint^d to push up to\\nSt. Genevieve.\\nWe arrived in a few days at the Grand\\nTower Missouri, where an immense rock in the\\nstream makes navigation dangerous. Here we\\nused our cordelles, and with great difficulty and\\nperil passed it safely. It was near this famous\\ntower of granite, that I first saw the great Eagle\\nthat I named General Washington. The weather", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0326.jp2"}, "325": {"fulltext": "301\\ncontinued favorable, and we arrived at St. Gen-\\nevieve, and found a favorable market.\\nTheir business at St. Genevieve prospered,\\nbut Audubon had no taste or talent for com-\\nmerce, nor did he give much time to busi-\\nness in fact, during his stay in Kentucky, and\\ntheir trip down the Ohio and up the Mississippi,\\nand whilst at St. Genevieve, he was continually\\nin the forest, hunting and painting from nature\\nthe many birds and fowls. Rozier being entirely\\ndevoted to business, and perceiving that Audu-\\nbon neglected the store, proposed to purchase his\\ninterest, which he did on the iith day of April,\\n1811, which dissolved the partnership of Audu-\\nbon and Rozier.\\nRozier was highly successful as a merchant\\nand remained at St. Genevieve. Audubon re-\\nturned to Kentucky, established a saw-mill at\\nHendersonville, making a total failure in this\\nenterprise, which embittered him against his\\nfriends because they would not aid him in his\\nwild speculation. Fortunately for himself and\\ncountry it drove him to become an ornithologist,\\nwhich afterwards gave him great honor and\\nrenown.\\nAudubon was a well- formed person, had an\\nintellectual face and a remarkably strong consti-\\ntution was fond of dress, and wore his long\\nlocks in clusters over his shoulders. He poss\\nessed many talents he was a good fencer and", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0327.jp2"}, "326": {"fulltext": "30:?\\ndancer, expert svvinimer, remarkable hunter,\\nexcellent musician and skilled in crayon sketches\\nand portrait painting, and was unsurpassed as an\\nornithologist. His enthusiasm in his profession\\nled him to explore the wilds of Kentucky, the\\nsavannas of the South, and the ic)- region of\\nLabrador and the ranges and the defiles of the\\nRocky Mountains.\\nWhen Rozier in 1842 returned from his last\\nvoyage to France, he was kindly invited by\\nAudubon to visit him at his homestead on the\\nHudson. Their last meeting took place in New\\nYork City, at an entertainment given them by\\ntheir mutual friend, M. Berthoud. At this gen-\\neral meeting the old friends and partners, the\\nornithologist and merchant, recalled with pleasure\\ntheir past struggle and adventure in the far\\nWest.\\nThere is at St. Genevieve an excellent crayon\\nportrait of General J. Baptiste Bossier, by Audu-\\nbon, now in possession of his daughter, Mrs\\nSimon Guignon.\\nMr. Griswold giv es the following picture of\\nAudubon s home in the year 1846 The house\\nwas simple and unpretending in its architecture\\nand beautifully embowered amid elms and oaks.\\nSeveral graceful fawns and a noble elk were\\nstalking in the shade of the trees, apparently\\nunconscious of the presence of a few dogs and\\nnot caring for the; numerous turkeys, geese and\\nother domestic animals that gobbled and screamed", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0328.jp2"}, "327": {"fulltext": "around them. Nor did his own approach startle\\nthe wild, beautiful creatures, that seemed as\\ndocile as any of their companions. In the house,\\nantlers of elks hung upon the wall stuffed birds\\nof every description of gay plumage ornamented\\nthe mantle-piece, and the exquisite drawings of\\nfield mice, orioles and wood-peckers were scat-\\ntered promiscuously in the house.\\nHe further describes Audubon as a tall, thin\\nman, with a high arched and serene forehead,\\nand a bright, penetrating, gray eye his white\\nlocks fell in clusters upon his shoulders, but\\nwere the only signs of age, for his form was\\nerect and his step as light as that of a deer.\\nThe expression of his face was sharp, but noble\\nand commanding-, and there was somethinor in it\\npartly derived from the aquiline nose and partly\\nfrom the shutting of the mouth which made you\\nthink of the imperial eagle.\\nMr. Rozier, Sr., married Constance Roy of\\nIllinois, August 19th, 1813, at St. Genevieve,\\nMissouri, whilst living at Mr. Jean Baptiste\\nValle, Sr,, who was the last commander of the\\npost at St. Genevieve under the Spanish and\\nFrench governments. Mrs. Rozier was born\\nnear Fort Chartres, Illinois, October 8th, 1795.\\nHer life was spared long enough to witness the\\nrapid growth of Upper Louisiana, now Missouri.\\nShe was a woman of strong intellect, and remark-\\nable for industry and health. Mr. Rozier and\\nwife had ten children, and one hundred and ten", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0329.jp2"}, "328": {"fulltext": "304\\ngrand and great grand-children, at the time of\\ntheir death. They were both buried at the old\\nCatholic grave-yartl at St. Genevieve. Mr.\\nRozier lived to the age of over eighty-six and\\nhis wife to eighty-three years.\\nMr. Rozier was a very active merchant, having\\nextended his business throughout all of Upper\\nLouisiana. The transport of goods at that early\\nperiod from New Orleans to the East and West\\nwas quite difficult and dangerous, but this did\\nnot prevent him from obtaining large supplies of\\nmerchandise, and no less than six times on horse-\\nback did he travel from St. Genevieve to Phila-\\ndelphia, and it was only by his prudence, bold-\\nness and great industry that his expeditions\\nalways proved successful.\\nHe was a man of strong constitution, his\\nhabits were regular, his disposition kind, polite\\nand very obliging to every person, and no man\\nenjoyed a greater reputation for truth, candor\\nand honesty. And having witnessed in his youth\\nthe French revolution, it was painful to him\\nagain to witness the civil war in the United\\nStates, for he died in St. Genevieve, January i,\\n1864, having attained, as mentioned above, the\\nvenerable age of over eighty-six years.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0330.jp2"}, "329": {"fulltext": "Audubon s Miraculous Escape.\\nWhen Audubon left St. Genevieve for Hen-\\ndersonville, Kentucky, to return to his family,\\nwhich then sojourned there, he met in this voy-\\nage a remarkable adventure and made a miracu-\\nlous escape, theaccount ot which we give in his\\nown language\\nOn my return from the Upper Mississippi, I\\nfound myself obliged to cross one of the wild\\nprairies, which in that portion of the United\\nStates, vary the appearance of the country.\\nThe weather was fine, all around me was as\\nfresh and blooming as if it had just issued from\\nthe bosom of nature. My knapsack, my gun\\nand my dog were all I had for baggage and\\ncompany. But although well moccasined, I\\nmoved slowly along, attracted by the brilliancy\\nof the flowers, and the gambols of the fawns\\naround their dams, to all appearances as thought-\\nless of danger as I felt myself.\\nMy march was of long duration. I saw the\\nsun sinking beneath the horizon long before I\\ncould perceive any appearance of woodlands, and\\nnothing in the shape of man had I met with that\\nday. The track which I followed was only an\\nold Indian trail, and as darkness overshadowed", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0331.jp2"}, "330": {"fulltext": "3o6\\nthe prairie, I felt some desire to reach at least a\\ncopse, in which I might lie down to rest. The\\nniofht-hawks were skimming- over and around me,\\nattracted by the buzzing wings of the beetles,\\nwhich form their food, and the distant howling\\nof the wolves gave me some hope that I should\\nsoon arrive at the skirts of some woodland.\\nI did so, and almost at the same instant a\\nfire-light attracting my eye, I moved towards it,\\nfull of confidence that it proceeded from the\\ncamp of some wandering Indians. I was mis-\\ntaken. I discovered by its glare that it was from\\nthe hearth of a small log cabin, and that a tall\\nfigure passed and repassed between it and me,\\nas if busily engaged in household arrangements.\\nI reached the spot, and presenting myself at\\nthe door, asked the tall figure, which proved to\\nbe a woman, if I might take shelter under her\\nroof for the night. Her voice was gruff, and\\nher dress negligently thrown around her. She\\nanswered in the affirmative. I walked in, took a\\nwooden stool, and quietly seated myself by the\\nfire. The next object that attracted my notice,\\nwas a finely formed young Indian, resting his\\nhead between his hands, with his elbows on his\\nknees. A long bow rested against the log wall\\nnear him, while a quantity of arrows and two or\\nthree raccoon skins lay at his feet. He moved\\nnot apparently he breathed not.\\nAccustom -id to the habits of Indians, and\\nknowing that they pay little attention to the", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0332.jp2"}, "331": {"fulltext": "approach of civilized strangers, I addressed him\\nin French, a language not unfrequently partially\\nknown to the people of that neighborhood. He\\nraised his head, pointed to one of his eyes with\\nhis finger, and gave me a significant glance with\\nthe other; his face was covered with blood.\\nThe fact was that an hour before this, as\\nhe was in the act of discharging an arrow at a\\nraccoon in the top of a tree, the arrow had split\\nupon the cord, and sprung back with such vio-\\nlence into his right eye as to destroy it for ever.\\nFeeling hungry, I inquired what sort of a\\nfare I might expect. Such a thing as a bed was\\nnot to be seen, but many large untanned buffalo\\nhides lay piled in a corner. I drew a time-piece\\nfrom my pocket, and told the woman that it was\\nlate, and that I was fatigued. She espied my\\nwatch, the richness of which seemed to operate\\non her feelings with electric quickness. She told\\nme there was plenty of venison and jerked buffalo\\nmeat, and that on removing the ashes I should\\nfind a cake. But my watch had struck her fancy,\\nand her curiosity had to be gratified by an imme-\\ndiate sight of it. I took off the gold chain which\\nsecured it around my neck, and presented it to\\nher. She was all ecstacy, spoke of its beauty,\\nasked me its value, and put the chain around her\\nbrawny neck, saying how happy the possession\\nof such a w^atch would make her. Thoughtless,\\nand, as I fancied myself in so retired a place,\\nsecure, I paid little attention to her talk or to", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0333.jp2"}, "332": {"fulltext": "3o8\\nher movements. I helped my dog to a good\\nsupper of venison, and was not long in satisfying\\nthe demands of my own appetite.\\nThe Indian rose from his seat as if in ex-\\n(treme suffering. He passed and repassed me\\nseveral times, and once punched me on the side\\nso violently that the pain nearly brought forth an\\nexclamation of anger. I looked at him, his eye\\nmet mine, but his look was so forbidding, that it\\nstruck a chill into the more nervous part of my\\nI system. He again seated himself, drew his\\nbutcher knife from its greasy scabbard, examined\\nits edge, as I would do that of a razor suspected\\ndull, replaced it, and again taking his tomahawk\\nfrom his back, filled the pipe of it with tobacco,\\nand sent me expressive glances whenever our\\nhostess chanced to have her back towards us.\\nNever until that moment had my senses\\nbeen awakened to the danger which I now sus-\\npected to be about me. I returned glance for\\nglance to my companion, and rested well assured\\nthat, whatever enemies I might have, he was not\\nof their number.\\nI asked the woman for my watch, wound it\\nup, and under the pretense of wishing to see\\nhow the weather might probably be on the mor-\\nrow, took up my gun, and walked out of the\\ncabin. I slipped a ball into each barrel, scraped\\nthe edges of my Hints, renewed the primings,\\nand running to the hut, gave a favorable account\\nof my observations. I took a few bear skins,", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0334.jp2"}, "333": {"fulltext": "309\\nmade a pallet of them, and calling my faithful\\ndog to my side, lay down, with my gun to my\\nbody, and in a few moments was to all appear-\\nance fast asleep.\\nA short time had elapsed, when some voices\\nwere heard, and from the corner of my eyes I\\nsaw two athletic youths making their entrance,\\nbearing a dead stag on a pole. They disposed\\nof their burden, and asking for whiskey, helped\\nthemselves freely to it. Observing me and the\\nwounded Indian, they asked who I was, and why\\nthe devil that rascal (meaning the Indian, whom\\nthey knew understood not a word of English,)\\nwas in the house\\nThe mother, for so she proved to be, bade\\nthem to speak less loudly, made mention of my\\nwatch, and took them to a corner, when a con-\\nversation took place, the purpose of which it\\nrequired little shrewdness in me to guess. I\\ntapped my dog gently, he moved his tail, and\\nwith indescribable pleasure I saw his fine eyes\\nalternately fixed on me and raised towards the\\ntwo in the corner. I felt that he perceived dan\\nger in my situation. The Indian exchanged th(^\\nlast glance with me.\\nThe lads had eaten and drunk themselves\\ninto such a condition, that I already looked upon\\nthem as hors_ de combat and the frequent visits\\nof the whiskey bottle to the ugly mouth of their\\ndame, I hoped would soon reduce her to a like\\nstate.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0335.jp2"}, "334": {"fulltext": "3IO\\nJudge of my astonishment when I saw that\\nincarnate fiend take a large carving-knife, and\\ngo to the grind-stone to whet its edge. I\\nsaw her pour the water in the turning machine,\\nand watched her working away with the danger-\\nous instrument, until the cold sweat covered\\nevery part of my body, in despite of my deter-\\nmination to defend myself to the last. Her task\\nfinished, she walked to her reeling sons, and\\nsaid, There that ll soon settle him. Boys, kill\\nyon and then for the watch\\nI turned, cocked my gun-locks silently,\\ntouched my faithful companion, and lay ready to\\nstart up and shoot the first who might attempt\\nmy life. The moment was fast approaching, and\\nthat night might have been my last in this world,\\nhad not Providence made provision for my\\nrescue.\\nAll was ready. The infernal hag was ad-\\nvancing slowly, probably contemplating the best\\nway of dispatching me whilst her sons should be\\nengaged with the Indian. I was several times\\non the eve of rising, and shooting her on the\\nspot, but she was not to be punished thus. The\\ndoor was suddenly opened, and there entered\\ntwo stout travelers, each with a long rifle on his\\nshoulder.\\nI bounced up on my feet, and making them\\nmost heartily welcome, told them how well it was\\nfor me that they should have arrived at that\\nmoment. The tale was told in a minute. The", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0336.jp2"}, "335": {"fulltext": "311-\\ndrunken sons were secured, and the woman, in\\nspite of her defense and vociferations, shared the\\nsame fate.\\nThe Indian fairly danced with joy, and gave\\nus to understand that, as he could not sleep for\\npain, he would watch over us. You may suppose\\nwe slept much less than we talked. The two\\nstrangers gave me an account of their once\\nhavingf been themselves in a similar situation.\\nDay came fair and rosy, and with it the pun-\\nishment of our captives. They were quite so-\\nbered. Their feet were unbound, but their arms\\nwere still securely tied. We marched them into\\nthe woods off the road, and having used them as\\nRegulators were wont to use such delinquents,\\nwe set fire to the cabin, gave all the skins and\\nimplements to the young Indian warrior, and\\nproceeded, well pleased, towards the settle-\\nments.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0337.jp2"}, "336": {"fulltext": "3^2\\nPART XL\\nHISTORICAL SKETCHES.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 WESTERN\\nMINERS IN EARLY TIMES.\\nIn the early settlement of the St. Genevieve\\nDistrict, in its mining localities, it was inhabited\\nby pioneers, explorers and miners of a bold,\\nbrave, and adventurous character. Many were\\nthe encounters and feuds that occurred as to\\nmininp- rights and land titles. From the times of\\nRenault, Lamotte, Breton and Moses Austin, a\\nspirit of venture and gambling took possession\\nof the inhabitants, which aroused passions,\\nand caused serious disturbances and bloodshed.\\nThese bold miners, and explorers, in early times\\noften visited the attractive towns of St. Gene-\\nvieve and St. Louis, to participate in sports of\\nall kinds. In these two towns, was also the\\nnucleus for the desperate keel-boat men and\\nvoyageurs.\\nIn the mining district, there resided, at Shi-\\nlioleth, now Washington county, Missouri, a man\\nprofessing great boldness and bravery, repre-", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0338.jp2"}, "337": {"fulltext": "313\\nsenting the chivalry of the times. That remark-\\nable man, was John Smith T. as he was called,\\nto distinguish him from the other Smiths of that\\nday.\\nSmith was a native of Georgia, but came to\\nMissouri from Tennessee. He came to Upper\\nLouisiana prior to 1800. Colonel Smith T. was\\ntall, slight of build, wiry in person, mild and\\ncourteous in his manners, but terrible when his\\npassions were aroused by some imagined in-\\nsult. He had many personal encounters of the\\nmost serious and bloody character, and stood\\nunrivaled for skill, undaunted courage and great\\ncoolness in those terrible conflicts with his ene-\\nmies. He kept at his home an armory stocked\\nwith arms and weapons of every kind. He\\nwas a skilled mechanic, and owned two slaves\\nwho were g-ood ounsmiths. He manufactured\\nthe best and truest pistols and rifles in the West-\\nern country. Colonel Smith T. speculated in\\nlands extensively, but his principal occupation\\nwas that of mining.\\nWhen he traveled he was always well equip-\\nped and armed, followed by his friends rifle\\nin hand. When Aaron Burr contemplated in-\\nvading Mexico, in 1806, Smith and Governor\\nHenry Dodge went to New Madrid to join the\\nexpedition, which was to descend the Mississippi\\nriver, under the impression it was a legitimaie\\nwar; but when at New Madrid they read Presi-\\ndent Jefferson s proclamation condemning it,", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0339.jp2"}, "338": {"fulltext": "314-\\nthey returned to St. Genevieve and were both\\narrested, but were released from custody, owing\\nto their mistake in the contemplated invasion of\\nMexico.\\nThe inhabitants of Upper Louisiana selected\\nSmith to attend to their interests in Congress,\\nand with that view he visited Washington City.\\nColonel Smith T. was of a roving disposition.\\nHe went to Chihuahua to aid to revolutionize\\nMexico, traversing a wild, vast country, sur-\\nrounded by dangers. He thence returned to\\nhis home.\\nColonel Smith T., in the year 1806, was ap-\\npointed one of the Territorial Judges of the\\nCourt of General Quarter Sessions. This court\\nwas held in the town of St. Genevieve. He\\noccupied this position for some time.\\nHe attempted in early times, with a company\\nof men to take possession of the Dubuque and\\nGalena lead mines, which at the time were\\nreported to be of fabulous wealth but he was\\ndriven off by tribes of Indians then occupying\\nthese lead mines.\\nIn September, 1830, Smitli came to St. Gen-\\nevieve and stopped at an inn kept by William\\nMcArthur. While indulging in liquor with one\\nSamuel Ball, a difficulty sprang up between them\\nwhich proved fatal to Ball. They were at the\\ntime the only persons in the bar-room. Mrs.\\nMcArthur, the hostess, a brave woman, hearing\\nthe report of the pistol, came in and saw Ball", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0340.jp2"}, "339": {"fulltext": "-315-\\nlying dead on the floor. She reprimanded\\nSmith, and demanded of him his pistols. He\\ndeHvered them and said, Take them, my\\ndaughter. He was immediately arrested and\\nconfined in jail, had his trial at St. Genevieve\\nbefore Circuit Court, and was acquitted, after\\nan able defense by Hon. John Scott. A jury-\\nman named Carron was asked how he could\\nacquit Smith. He replied, Did not Scott\\ntell them that they must bring a verdict of not\\nguilty\\nColonel Smith T. had some difficulty with the\\nPerry family, then living at Mine-a-Breton,\\nabout some mining claims. One day, while\\nJohn Perry was on his way toward St. Gene-\\nvieve, he was overtaken by Smith, who remarked\\nto him that he regretted any difficulty with him,\\nand that they were now alone and could settle\\nthe matter, remarking that he had a couple of\\nfriends (meaning his pistols). There, take your\\nchoice. Mr. Perry politely thanked him, and\\ndeclined the offer, as he had business of import-\\nance at St. Genevieve which could not be trans-\\nacted by any other person. Smith remarked\\nthat he regretted that it could not be settled in\\nthis rational way, after which they proceeded to\\nSt. Genevieve together, conversing on different\\nsubjects without reference to their difficulties.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0341.jp2"}, "340": {"fulltext": "3i6\\nSmith T. in a Duel.\\nA duel took place between Colonel Smith and\\nLionel Browne, nephew of Aaron Burr, then\\nliving at Potosi, opposite Herculaneum, in Illi-\\nnois, Colonel Augustus Jones acted as second\\ntor Browne, and Colonel McClenehan for Smith.\\nBrowne was the one who challengfed Smith.\\nLionel Browne was shot in the centre of the\\nforehead, and was instantly killed.\\nColonel Smith participated in several despe-\\nrate encounters which it would be too prolix to\\nrelate here, and was always fortunate in these\\nterrible struggles.\\nHe left Missouri owing to his numerous diffi-\\nculties, accompanied by a faithful slave. He\\nsubsequently died on the banks of the Missis-\\nsippi, in the State of Tennessee. Colonel Smith\\nT. left numerous descendants, many of them\\nnow prominent citizens of the State.\\nNotwithstanding his turbulent character, he\\nwas very hospitable at home, and charitable to\\nthe poor. His body was removed to Shiloleth,\\nWashington county, Missouri, and afterwards\\nreburied in the city of St. Louis.\\nJudge H. M. Brackenridge, formerly of Penn-\\nsylvania, a traveler, author and jurist, gives this\\ngraphic description of Smith", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0342.jp2"}, "341": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0343.jp2"}, "342": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0344.jp2"}, "343": {"fulltext": "3 1 7\\nOne of the diggers at the mines, a man of\\nferocious character and herculean frame, resolved\\nto assassinate the Colonel, and thus get rid of the\\nfloating grant and great monopolist. Taking\\nhis rifle, for he was a great shot, he went to the\\nhouse of Colonel Smith and challenged him to a\\ntrial of skill at a mark the head of a nail the\\nbest in three, distance of sixty yards. The chal-\\nlenge was accepted, and they proceeded somt^\\ndistance from the house, when the rufiian seized\\nthe first opportunity to turn the muzzle of his\\nrifle on his unsuspecting companion, but in his\\nliaste, the ball passed through the Colonel s left\\nshoulder without inflicting a mortal wound. He\\nfell. The assailant rushed upon him, and fell with\\nhim to the ground; while the Colonel, whose\\npresence of mind never forsook him, drew his\\ndirk, but missing his aim, drove it into his own\\nthigh. He drew it out, struck the assassin on\\nthe ribs the weapon bent, and as a last desper\\nate effort, he drew it across the stomach of the\\nruffian, inflicting a mortal wound.\\nThe assassin, who had been endeavoring to\\nseize the Colonel by the throat, now released his\\nhold, and they both lay for some time, bathed in\\nblood. The slaves coming up, carried them both\\ninto the house. And here it may be mentioned,\\nas a proof of the magnanimity of the Colonel, that\\nby his orders every attention was paid to his\\ntreacherous enemy, until he died of his wounds.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0345.jp2"}, "344": {"fulltext": "3i8\\nTHE YEAR 1811.\\nThe year 181 1 was truly a memorable one\\nfor the inhabitants of Upper Louisiana, and the\\nmany and varied experiences they encountered\\nduring that twelve-month, were for a long time\\na fruitful source of recollections. The following\\nsketches present some of the most interesting\\nThe Flood of the Mississippi.\\nDurinpf the summer of 181 1, the waters of\\nthe Mississippi river rose to an unprecedented\\nheight, overflowing all low lying lands, and\\noccasioned great distress to the inhabitants of\\nSt. Genevieve, Kaskaskia, and the settlements\\nin the bottoms. Nearly all, if not all, the\\nlands in cultivation at that time, were in the rich,\\nalluvial bottoms of the Mississippi river, upon\\nwhich was placed the only dependence of the\\nsettlers for such crops as were necessary for the\\nactual subsistence of the inhabitants of this part\\nof the country. All these were totally destroyed,\\nand the long continuance of the overflow making\\nit impossible to sow even late crops, food for\\nman and beast became exceedingly difficult to", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0346.jp2"}, "345": {"fulltext": "319\\nobtain, and much suffering and deprivation en-\\nsued. Indeed this overflow was only exceeded\\nby the great dehige of 1 844, in point of disaster\\nand damage to the fields and plantations of\\nsparse settlements.\\nThe Comet of 181 i.\\nThe Comet of this year was one of exceeding\\nbrilliance and longr duration. It was one of the\\nremarkable comets of the world, and filled the\\nsimple people of this region with wonder and\\nawe. It was very large and bright, and poss-\\nessed a tail of wonderful length and brilliancy.\\nAn old tradition, prevalent in this colony,\\npredicted astonishing and miraculous heavenly\\nappearances about this time, which this comet\\nseemed to fulfill, hence there was no little alarm\\nfelt for the future of the country visited by this\\nblazing precursor of fate. Notwithstanding that\\nAristotle many ages ago taught that comets\\nwere mere meteors or exhalations raised in the\\nupper regions of the air, where they blaze for a\\nwhile and disappear when the meteors they form\\nhave been consumed, the people generally looked\\nupon them as signs indicating famine, inunda-\\ntion, war and pestilence. In this belief, the\\nsuperstitious of Upper Louisiana, men, women,\\nchildren, negroes and savages looked upon", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0347.jp2"}, "346": {"fulltext": "320-\\nthe phenomenon as presaging some dreadful\\noccurrence.\\nEarthquakes of i8ii.\\nImmediately following- the Great Comet, on\\nDecember of that year 1811, shocks of earth-\\nquakes, which had created such remarkable con\\nvulsions of nature, at New Madrid and it neigh-\\nborhood, were sensibly felt at St. Genevieve,\\nthough no material damage was done by them.\\nComing, as these throes of nature did, just after\\nthe comet, with full information of the devasta-\\ntion and horrible contortions of the earth below\\nhere, at New Madrid, they fairly set the peo-\\nple of this part of the country wild with alarm,\\nand prepared them to look for all the evil conse-\\nquences ascribed to the baneful influence of the\\nerratic celestial luminary in rapid and fatal suc-\\ncession. But as nothing further happened, they\\nsettled down to a human indifference of the\\npossibilities of fate, and soon became again the\\nfrugal, simple, light-hearted people nature had\\nmade them.\\nA Famous Duel.\\nOne of the most melancholy and unlortunate\\ntragedies of the year 1811, was the duel between\\nThomas M. Crittenden and Doctor Walter Fen-\\nwick, both residents of St. Genevieve. Critten-", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0348.jp2"}, "347": {"fulltext": "321\\nden was a lawyer and a brother of Senator\\nCrittenden, of Kentucky, Doctor Fen wick was\\nan eminent physician, an estimable and polished\\ngentleman. Both were popular and were re-\\ngarded by the community as brave and gallant\\nmen. The cause which led to the fatal encoun-\\nter was one with which Doctor Fenwick had\\noriginally nothing to do, he only being drawn\\ninto the quarrel by a chivalric devotion to, and\\nregard for, his brother, Ezekiel Fenwick. A\\ndifficulty, the exact nature of which is not\\nknown, resulted in a challenge from Ezekiel\\nFenwick to Thomas H. Crittenden, which was\\nborne to the latter by Doctor Fenwick, as the\\nfriertd of his brother. For some reason Mr.\\nCrittenden refused to meet Ezekiel Fenwick,\\nwhereupon the Doctor deeming the refusal a\\npersonal affront, offered himself in his brother s\\nstead, and was accepted. The parties met Octo-\\nber ist, 1811, on Moreau s island, a few miles\\nbelow St. Genevieve, and opposite Kaskaskia\\nlanding General Henry Dodge and Hon. John\\nScott were the seconds of the parties. At the\\nfirst fire Doctor Fenwick fell mortally wounded,\\nand expired a short time afterwards. Mr. Crit-\\ntenden was unhurt.\\nDoctor Fenwick is buried in the Catholic\\ngraveyard, in the heart of St. Genevieve. No\\nmonument but a plain freestone slab marks\\nhis last resting place, and the only epitaph upon\\none of the most accomplished men of his day.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0349.jp2"}, "348": {"fulltext": "322\\nconsists of the simple inscription Doctor\\nWalter Fenwick, born 1775, died October 2d,\\n1811.\\nThe pistols used on this memorable occasion\\nare now in possession of Mrs. Augustine Menard\\nthe relict of the late Cyprien Menard. The\\nbarrels are twelve inches long, are of a very\\nlarge bore, and were made by a negro man, a\\nvery expert workman, a slave of the notorious\\nJohn Smith T.\\nFort Chartres in June, 181 i.\\nDuring this month and year, a party from\\nSt. Genevieve, consisting of Governor Henry\\nDodge and family. Judge Otto Shrader and\\nlady, Captain Melane and wife, Lewis F. Linn,\\n(afterwards United States Senator from Mis-\\nsouri), with several young men, visited Fort\\nChartres, Illinois, for the purpose of securing a\\npiece of ordnance from this old Fort, with which\\nto celebrate the approaching Fourth of July of\\n181 1. The party, early one morning, embarked\\non a keel-boat, manned by several negro men.\\nPoles and sweeps (long oars) were used to pro-\\npel the boat. Owing to the velocity and force of\\nthe current, the boat s progress was necessarily\\nslow and laborious, but the Fort was finally\\nreached, and on disembarking, all the party\\npartook of a sumptuous lunch.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0350.jp2"}, "349": {"fulltext": "323\\nThe cannon was soon selected from the\\ncrumbHng debris of the Fort, but the task of\\ntransporting it to the boat was no Hght one,\\nowing to the want of levers and hoisting appli-\\nances. It was of iron, nine feet in length, and\\nvery heavy but perseverance and hard work\\nfinally accomplished its transfer to the keel-boat,\\nafter which the party cast loose late in the\\nevening, and floated back to St. Genevieve,\\nwithout accident or adventure. The sky was\\ncloudless, the full moon shone brightly over the\\nturbid waters of the Mississippi, and the whole\\nparty were full of life and spirits over their prize,\\nand the anticipated part it was to play on the\\ngreat National day.\\nThe boat was met by the people of St.\\nGenevieve, who were delighted at securing the\\ncannon, assisting to unload, mount, and prepare\\nit for the coming event, which was in due time\\ncelebrated with great pomp and zeal, the old\\ncannon adding the thunders of its throat to the\\neloquence of the orators and applause of the\\nspectators.\\nSubsequently in the year 1840, another Fourth\\nof July was celebrated, and the old Fort\\nChartres cannon again called upon to lend its\\naid in the glorious cause. It was fired several\\ntimes, until at last it bursted, and injured several\\npersons, among whom were the late Judge Jesse", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0351.jp2"}, "350": {"fulltext": "324\\nB. Robbins. His injuries were very serious,\\nand gave him much trouble the remainder of his\\nlife.\\nBand of Osage Indians.\\nDuring Christmas week of the year 1811, a\\ngood deal of apprehension was created by the\\nappearance of a band of Osage savages, in\\nthe neighborhood. For they were known as a\\ncruel and barbarous tribe. The parish priest,\\nhaving occasion to make a trip in the interior of\\nthe country, encountered them engaged in orgies\\nof a peculiarly significant character. They were\\napparently under the influence of intoxicants,\\ndecked in their war paint, and the woods\\nresounded with hideous yells and war whoops.\\nIntelligence was quickly spread, that an attack\\non the village was intended, and preparations\\nwere made to resist it. The women, children,\\nand the old were hurried to places of security.\\nThe able-bodied portion of the inhabitants flew\\nto arms, and distributed themselves at the most\\navailable places of defense. A party ot scouts\\nsent out to reconnoitre and watch the Osages,\\nsoon returned, after having penetrated the en-\\ncampment and mingled with the Indians, and\\nreported that they meant no harm to the whites.\\nThey were simply a hunting expedition, which\\nwere finishing up with a debauch, and dancing", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0352.jp2"}, "351": {"fulltext": "325\\nthe war dance for their own amusement. This\\nintelligence restored quiet, and brought order out\\nof chaos.\\nIt is not surprising that any unusual occur-\\nrence created alarm in this memorable year, for\\nthe Great Flood the Comet, the Earth-\\nquake, the Duel, the sudden appearance of\\nthis band of Osages, crowding fast upon one\\nanother, were scenes and sights calculated to\\nunsettle the firmest nerves and bravest hearts.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0353.jp2"}, "352": {"fulltext": "326\\nTHE CHALYBEATE SPRINGS.\\nThe Chalybeate Springs, so celebrated several\\nyears ago, were situated near the town of St.\\nGenevieve, on the river Aux Vases. They were\\nowned by Judge William James, one of the early\\npioneers, being a tall and robust Kentuckian.\\nDuring their celebrity, these Springs were\\nknown far and wide, and were resorted to by\\nseekers after health, as are the Hot and Eureka\\nSprings of to-day. Judge James had erected\\nmany buildings and conveniences around the\\nSprings for all necessary purposes, among which\\nwas a large arbor of brush and felled saplings for\\ndancing and amusements. He was assiduous in\\nhis attention to his guests, and a firm believer in\\nthe efficacy of the waters of his Springs. His\\nconstant advice was Eat sparingly, but drink\\ncopiously of the magic waters which, but for his\\nwell known hospitality, might imply that he\\nmeant to care for his larder, at the expense of\\nthe water.\\nDuring the summer of i8i i, some sixty per-\\nsons visited these Springs, among whom were\\nJudge Otto Shrader and f^imily, of St. Gene-\\nvieve Judge Nathaniel Pope, Governor Ed-\\nwards, of Illinois Mr. Robert Morrison and lady,", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0354.jp2"}, "353": {"fulltext": "327\\nof Kaskaskia, and other distinguished person-\\nages.\\nJudge Shrader and Governor Edwards had\\ngreat faith in the waters, and made a wager, as\\nto who could consume the greater quantity in\\na given time. Governor Edwards was a very\\nlarge man, weighing some three hundred pounds,\\nwhile Judge Shrader weighed at least one\\nhundred pounds less. They repaired to the\\nSprings, tin cup in hand, and began their bout.\\nIn their anxiety to excel each other, they drank\\ntoo much of the water, and both became very\\nsick. A witness remarked that they spouted\\nlike whales. After this occurrence the Springs\\nlost their popularity.\\nJudge Shrader,\\nJudge Shrader was a German, and had been a\\nsoldier under Archduke Charles. He settled in\\nSt. Genevieve in 1809. He was a gentleman of\\ngreat intellect, and possessed of an excellent\\neducation. He was highly respected as an up-\\nright and conscientious lawyer, and held the\\nposition of one of the Supreme Court Judges\\nunder the Territorial Government. He died in\\nSt. Louis in 181 1, while in attendance upon a\\nCouncil of the Governor and Territorial^ lJudges.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0355.jp2"}, "354": {"fulltext": "328\\nJudge Nathaniel Pope.\\nJudge Nathaniel Pope came to St. Genevieve\\nin 1805 to engage in the practice of the law;\\nremoved to Kaskaskia in 1808, but continued to\\npractice in the Courts at St. Genevieve until\\n18 1 2. He was one of the incorporators of the\\nSt. Genevieve Academy, which began its exist-\\nence in 1808. Judge Pope, was a man of most\\nexcellent judgment, a high order of ability, and\\nspotless integrity. He lived in Kaskaskia until\\n1844, when the great flood of that year inundated\\nall the low lands bordering on th e Mississippi\\nriver, and caused him to leave Kaskaskia.\\nJudge Pope was made Secretary, on the\\norganization of the Territory of Illinois in 1809 I\\nwas subsequently a delegate to Congress from\\nthat Territory became afterward United States\\nDistrict Judge, in which capacity he served for\\nthirty years, giving general satisfaction in his\\nrulings and decisions.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0356.jp2"}, "355": {"fulltext": "329\\nINDEX.\\nPUBLISHER S PREFACE.\\nBiography of Hon. Firmin A. Rozier 5\\nPART I.\\nThe French Dominion in North America\\nHow Acquired and Lost.\\nFrench Missionaries in the Seventeenth Century il\\nSisters of Cliarity 12\\nFestival of tlie Dead among the Primitive Indians 12\\nMemorable Convention between France and the Five Nations 14\\nMarquette and Joliet 17\\nLaSalle and Hennepin lo\\nDiscovery of Louisiana 24\\nThe Missouri River first opened for Traffic 28\\nThe Celebrated Spanish Caravan 28\\nThe First Mining Ventures 29\\nSt. Genevieve an Early Mining Center 30\\nThe French and Indian War from 1754 to 1763, known as the\\nSeven Years War 31\\nHistory of Fort Chartres. Fort Gage, and Kaskaskia 36\\nThe Town of Kaskaskia 43\\nPrairie du Rocher Cahokia 43", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0357.jp2"}, "356": {"fulltext": "330\\nPART II.\\nExplorations.\\nExploration of the Missouri by the French in 1705 46\\nThe Santa Fe Caravan of 1720 47\\nExplorations of the Interior of Missouri by M. de Dutisne\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1719.. 48\\nFort Orleans, on^^an Island on the Missouri River 49\\nPART III.\\nTerritory of Louisiana.\\nNew Organization of Louisiana Territory Under Crozat, 1712 52\\nCESSION BY FRANCE TO SPAIN.\\nCession by France of the Louisiana Territory to Spain in 1762.\\nThe Parisian and Spanish Code in said Territory 55\\nV\\nPART IV.\\nNavigation in the West.\\nThe Naval Armament of the Spaniards on the Mississippi in early\\ntimes.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Western Boatman 58\\nB eusoleil Island 60\\nL Ann6e des Bateaux 62\\nSpanish Naval Armament 63\\nThe Western Boatmen 63\\nMike Fink, the Notorious Boatman 64\\nIntroduction of Steam Power 67\\nSteamboats in 1817 68\\nMissouri River Navigation 68\\nStatus of the Navigation of Western Rivers by Steam Power in 1874. 69", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0358.jp2"}, "357": {"fulltext": "331\\nPART V.\\nAmerican Conquests.\\nThe Capture of Kaskaskia, of Cahokia, and of Vincennes, by Col.\\nRogers Clark 7^\\nClark s Defense of St. Louis, 1778-80 75\\nHistory of Fort Jefferson 79\\nPART VI. ,K\\nThe Five Districts.\\nI. THE district OF ST. GENEVIEVE.\\nThe Iron Mountain 9*\\nComparative Table of Mineral production 95\\nThe Old Town of St. Genevieve 9^\\nThe Indians around St. Genevieve oo\\nThe Sister of Tecumseh\\nA Letter from the Governor to the Chawanons 102\\nReminiscences of Upper Louisiana 105\\nThe First Contract \u00c2\u00bb\u00c2\u00b06\\nImportant Order of Governor Delassus 108\\nThe Military Organization O\\nLa Nouvelle Bourbon 5\\nThe First Church\\nThe First Religious Records\\nRomantic Marriage during the Regime of Spain 9\\nAncient French Customs 2\u00c2\u00b0\\nLa.Guignol^e\\nThe Common Fields. Ancient Plows and Charettes 122\\nFrench Dominion and Jurisdiction 123\\nTerritorial Inhabitants from 1804 to 1820 124", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0359.jp2"}, "358": {"fulltext": "332\\nSt. Genevieve Academy in 1808 125\\nThe Territorial Courts of St. Genevieve 127\\nFatal Encounter of Captain De Mun 128\\nMissouri Territorial Assembly 129\\nThe Constitutional Convention of 1820 130\\nPopulation and Commerce of St Genevieve 130\\nSteamboat Catastrophe 131\\nOld St. Genevieve, St. Charles, and Kaskaskia I84\\nClerks of the St. Genevieve Court 138\\nSheriffs at St. Genevieve, from 1820 to 1870 128\\nGrand Celebration of the Anniversary of St. Genevieve, July 21, 1885,\\nat the City of St. Genevieve 139\\n2.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 THE ST. LOUIS DISTRICT.\\nEaily History ot St. Louis 142\\nEarly Churches in St. Louis 147\\nSt. Louis Invaded by the English and Indians, May 26, 1780 149\\nBoat and Cargo Captured by the EngUsh and Indians 150\\nBritish and Indians AUied in War 151\\nL Ann^e du Coup (The Year of the Blow) 152\\nJohn P. Trudeau s Chanson 154\\nDeclaration of War in 1793, against the Osages, by Zenon Trudeau,\\nLieutenant-Governor 156\\nCharacteristic Anecdotes on the Old iSt. Louis Inhabitants 157\\nAnecdotes of Carondelet 158\\nSt. Louis, from its Foundation in 1764 to 1820 158\\nBloody Island and its Sanguinary Record 160\\nRemarkable Duels. Benton and Lucas 161\\nThe fatal Duel between Major Thomas Biddle, of the United\\nStates Army, and Hon. Spencer Pettis, Member of Congress,\\nAugust 25, 1831 162\\nThe Marquis de LaFayette 163\\nGreat Fire and Cholera in St. Louis 165\\nThe Great Flood of 1844 166\\nThe Great Bridge, 1874 167\\nPierre Liguest Laclede 169", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0360.jp2"}, "359": {"fulltext": "333-\\nThe Magistrates of St. Louis up to 1874.\\nChairmen of the Trustees. Mayors 166\\n3.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 THE DISTRICT OF CAPE GIRARDEAU.\\nOriginal Boundaries 170\\nCommandant Lorimier 172\\nCivil and MiHtary Jurisdiction 175\\nBerthelmy Cousin, the Linguist and Scientific man of the West 176\\nPopulation 177\\nCity of Cape Girardeau 178\\n4-THE ST. CHARLES DISTRICT.\\nSt. Charles District under the Spaniards in 1767 176\\nWonderful Picture on the high bluffs of Illinois, from 1673 to 1866 180\\nLes Mamelles 182\\nThe Cedar Pyramid 183\\nCote Sans Dessein 185\\nDaniel Boone 186\\n5\u00e2\u0080\u0094 THE NEW MADRID DISTRICT.\\nBoundaries \u00e2\u0080\u00a2189\\nNew Madrid under the Spaniards in 1769 193\\nSpanish Commandants 194\\nVillage of Little Prairie 197\\nNew Madrid under the United States Government 198\\nThe New Madrid Earthquakes of iSll 199\\nHon. Lewis F. Linn s Account 200\\nHenry Howe s Account 203\\nGodfrey Lesieur s Account 204\\nAudubon s Account 208\\nSubmerged Lands of Missouri 210\\nReport on the Submerged Lands of the State of Missouri, presented\\nby Gen. Rozier at the Grand Convention held at Memphis in\\n1845\\nThe Town of New Madrid in 1850 218\\nNew Town of Madrid 218", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0361.jp2"}, "360": {"fulltext": "334\\nPART VII.\\nLouisiana Territory.\\nTransfer to Spain 220\\nRetrocession to France 221\\nPurchase by the United States 223\\nLieutenant-Governor Amos Stoddard Commandant of Upper\\nLouisiana 225\\nLewis Clark s Grand Exploration to the Pacific Ocean, May 23, 1806. 227\\nWilliam Harrison, Governor of Upper Louisiana, from October 1804\\nto March 1803 The act of Congress of March 26, 1804 231\\nAct of Congress of March 3, 1805, Creating the Territory of Louisiana 232\\nFirst Grand Exploration of Lieutenant Zebulon Montgomery Pike, up\\nto the Sources of the Mississippi River, in 1805 235\\nThe Important and Perilous Exploration to the Arkansas, Kansas and\\nPlatte Rivers and into the Provinces of New Spain in 1806 239\\nTerritory of Louisiana 244\\nPART VIII.\\nMissouri Territory 1812.\\nNamed by Act of Congress 245\\nFirst Council 245\\nTERRITORIAL DELEGATES OF MISSOURI TERRITORY.\\nHon. Edward Hempstead, First Delegate to Congress from Missouri\\nTerritory 249\\nHon. Rufus Easton, Second Delegate to Congress from Missouri\\nTerritory 251\\nJohn Scott, Third^Delegate to Congress from Missouri Territory 253\\nState Organization 259", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0362.jp2"}, "361": {"fulltext": "OJ.\\nCONSTITUTION OF^MISSOURI AND STATE GOVERNMENT\\nIN 1820.\\nDelegates to the Constitutional Convention 260\\nHistorical Tables Governors of the Province of Louisiana at New\\nOrleans, under the Spaniards Commanders of Upper\\nLouisiana at St. Louis, under the French Spanish Comman-\\ndants in Upper Louisiana 261\\nCommandants of Upper Louisiana under the United States 262\\nGovernors of Missouri Territory 26^\\nPopulation of Upper Louisiana in 1804 262-f.\\nPART IX.\\nThe State of Missouri.\\nState Emblems, Devices and Great Seal 263\\nThe Five United States Senators\\n1. Governor Henry Dodge 266\\n2. Lewis F. Linn 270\\n3. Senator George W. Jones 274\\n4. Augustus C. Dodge 279\\n5. Lewis V. Bogy 282\\nPART X.\\nAudubon and Rozier.\\naudubon the ornithologist, and rozier the\\nwestern merchant.\\nTheir Travels 286\\nTheir Keel-Boat 289\\nAudubon s Great Swan and Bear Story 291\\n_V Their Voyage up the Mississippi 295\\nAudubon s Miraculous Escape 305", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0363.jp2"}, "362": {"fulltext": "336\\nPART XI.\\nHistorical Sketches.\\nWestern Miners in Early Times 312\\nThe Famous John Smith T 313\\nSmith T in a Duel 316\\nTHE YEAR iSii.\\nThe Flood of the Mississippi 318\\nThe Great Comet of 1811 319\\nThe Earthquakes of 1811 320\\nA Famous Duel in 1811 320\\nFort Chartres in June, 1811 322\\nBand of Osage Indians 324\\nTHE CHALYBEATE SPRINGS.\\nJudge Shrader 327\\nJudge Nathaniel Pope 328\\nERRATA.\\nPage 185. Mississippi river should be Missouri river.\\nPage 214. Owes should read West.\\nPage 246. Add Members of House, John Shrader, Samuel Phillips.\\nPage 262. Read, From Dec. 1812 to July 1813.\\nPage 274. John Rice Jones death should be 1824.\\nPage 294. Beart should read Bear.", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0364.jp2"}, "363": {"fulltext": "337\\nILLUSTRATIONS.\\nPORTRAIT OF HON. FIRMIN A ROZIER 2\\nINDIANS WATCHING THE APPROACH OF CARTIER S\\nFLEET 12\\nMARQUETTE INSTRUCTING THE INDIANS 20\\nEARLY PIONEER LIFE IN MISSOURI 44\\nTHE HEADQUARTERS OF COMMANDANT VALLE AT\\nST. GENEVIEVE 84\\nTHE IRON MOUNTAIN 92\\nTHE SISTER OF TECUMSEH 100\\nPILOT KNOB IN 1850 132\\nTHE LANDING OF LACLEDE AT ST. LOUIS 140\\nTHE PIASA MONSTER 164\\nTHE CEDAR PYRAMID 172\\nDANIEL BOONE 196\\nDANIEL BOONE S CABIN 204\\nLEAD FURNACE 316", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0365.jp2"}, "364": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0366.jp2"}, "365": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0367.jp2"}, "366": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0368.jp2"}, "367": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0369.jp2"}, "368": {"fulltext": "J i^r-fii", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0370.jp2"}, "369": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0371.jp2"}, "370": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS\\n014 497 273 9\\n^^^S\\\\S ^\u00c2\u00bb\u00c2\u00ab\u00c2\u00ab^^S^ ^^i^\u00c2\u00bbNS^\u00c2\u00bbK\u00c2\u00ab^XS\u00c2\u00ab^\u00c2\u00bbS^^^\\nsS^S^i^S^S\u00c2\u00ab\u00c2\u00abS\u00c2\u00bb^S\u00c2\u00bb^\u00c2\u00bbS\u00c2\u00bb!\u00c2\u00bb^^\u00c2\u00bbN\u00c2\u00ab^!\u00c2\u00abK\u00c2\u00bb^i\u00c2\u00ab\u00c2\u00ab\u00c2\u00ab\\n.^m", "height": "2916", "width": "1942", "jp2-path": "roziershistoryof00rozi_0372.jp2"}}