{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3377", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "argumentwithstat00kenn_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "Glass ^Js i^\\nRnnk ^t] 3", "height": "3377", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "argumentwithstat00kenn_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3377", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "argumentwithstat00kenn_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3377", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "argumentwithstat00kenn_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "ARGUMENT, WITH STATEMENT OF FACTS\\nSWORN TO, AND CITATIONS FROM THE\\nCONSTITUTION AND LAWS OF LOUISIANA,\\nTO SHOW THAT THE TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT ORGANIZATION OF\\nTHE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES\\nOF THE STATE OF LOUISIANA,\\nON THE 4th of JANUARY, 1875, UNDER WHICH ORGANIZATION\\nL. A. ^^^ILTZ,\\nREPRESENTING THE DEMOCRATIC CONSERVATIVE PARTY, WAS LAWFULLY ELECTED\\nTEMPORARY AND PERMANENT SPEAKER, WERE IN STRICT\\nACCORDANCE WITH LAW AND PR/ECEDENT.\\nClark Hofeline, Book Printers, 112 Gravier Street.", "height": "3377", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "argumentwithstat00kenn_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "1\\ni\\nM\\nfv", "height": "3377", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "argumentwithstat00kenn_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "-J,\\nSTATEMENT OF FACTS AND LAW.\\nTo the Honorable Charles Foster, William Walter Phelps,\\nand Clarkson N. Potter, Congressional Committee on\\nLouisiana Affairs, Sitting in New Orleans\\nI. As TO THE Democratic-Conservative Organization.\\nThe total number of Representatives to which the\\npeople of Louisiana were entitled at this session was one\\nhundred and eleven (111). The Returning Board, prior\\nto the 4th of January, 1875, had furnished the Secretary\\nof State with a list of one hundred and six (lOG) mem-\\nbers upon whose election said Board had passed, of which\\nnumber fifty-four (54) were supposed to be Republicans,\\nand fifty-two (52) Conservatives and Democrats.\\nA.t twelve o clock on the 4th day of January, 1875,\\nthe day prescribed by law for the meeting of the General\\nAssembly, the House being assembled, William Vigers,\\nClei k of the preceding House of Representatives, whose\\nterm of olKce hud expired on the 4th of November, 1874,\\n[)rc)ceeded to call the roll, under the forty-fourth section\\nof Act No. 98, approved November 20th, 1872, which\\nsection declares\\nThat it shall -be the duty of the Secretary of State to\\ntransmit to the Clerk of the House of Representatives,\\nand the Secretary of the Senate of the last- General As-", "height": "3377", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "argumentwithstat00kenn_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "2\\nsembly, a list of the names of such persons as, according to\\nthe returns, shall have been elected to either branch of the\\nGeneral Assembly and it shall be the duty of the said\\nClerk and Secretary to place the names of the Represent-\\natives and Senators elect so furnished upon the roll of the\\nSenate and of the House respectively and those Repre-\\nsentatives and Senators whose names are so placed by the\\nClerk and Secretary respectively, in accordance with the\\nforegoing provisions, and no other, shall be competent to\\norganize the House of Representatives or Senate. Nothing\\nin this Act shall be construed to conflict with Article\\nthlrtjj-four of the Constitution of the State.\\nArticle 34 of the Constitution provides that each house\\nof the General Assembly shall judge of the qualifications,\\nelections and returns of its members but a contested\\nelection shall be^ determined in such manner as may be\\nprescribed by law.\\nArticle 33 of the Constitution provides that not less\\ntlmn ii\u00c2\u00bbj* \u00c2\u00abj\u00c2\u00bb\u00c2\u00ab4y of members of each ho use of tlie General\\nAssembly shall form a quorum to transact businessj_but\\na smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and\\nshall have full power to compel the attendance of absent\\nmembers.\\nArticle 20 of the Constitution provides that each parish\\nin the State shall be entitled to at least one Representa-\\ntive.\\nArticle 36 of the Constitution provides that each house\\nof the General Assembly shall keep and publish weekly\\na journal of its proceedings, and the yeas and nays of the\\nI", "height": "3377", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "argumentwithstat00kenn_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "3\\nmembers on any question, at the request of any two of\\ntliem, shall be entered on the journal.\\nAfter the completion of the roll-call by William Vigers,\\nClerk of the former House, as provided by Section forty-\\nfour, above recited, L. A, Wiltz was nominated as tem-\\nporary Chairman by a member, and was, upon a viva\\nvoce vote, declared elected temporary Speaker, whereupon\\nhe took the chair, and announced himself temporary\\nSpeaker of the House of Representatives, and as such\\ntook his oath of office before Judge Houston, and also\\nhad said oath administered to him by a member. He\\nthereupon administered the oaths to the members of the\\nHouse. He then declared the functions of the former\\nClerk, Vigers, at an end. A Clerk was then, on motion,\\nnominated and elected. A Sergeant-at-Arms and assist-\\nants were also elected.\\nDuring this temporary organization, upon motion put\\nand adopted, the five members whose elections the\\nReturning Boa rd had not promulgated mid hnd re ferred\\n~to the House, were admitted as members and sworn in.\\nThereafter L. A. Wiltz was nominated as permanent\\nSpeaker. Th.e roll was called, and Wiltz. and Hahn being\\nin nomination, Wiltz received 55 votes. Hahn 2, and 1\\nblank. Fifty-six being a majority and legal quorum of\\nthe whole number, one hundred and eleven, to which\\nthe House was entitled, he was thereupon declared duly\\nelected permanent Speaker, and was sworn in and\\nthen administered the oath to the members (by fours),\\nincluding Michael Hahn, Thomas Baker, Murrell and", "height": "3377", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "argumentwithstat00kenn_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "4\\nDrury, Republicans. A Committee on Credentials was\\nthen appointed, of which Hahn and Thomas were ap-\\npointed members and accepted, and withdrew with the\\nCommittee. Upon the return to the House of said Com-\\nmittee, Hahn made known that he would make a minor-\\nity report.\\nAbout this time, resistance being made to the Ser-\\ngeant-at-arms of the House, and there being great danger\\nof violence and bloodshed, the force of the Sergeants-at-\\narms, consisting of only some ten men, the State House\\nbeing crowded on the inside and outside with Metropoli-\\ntan Police and other unruly persons, said Police, on the\\noutside being supported by a large array of United\\nStates soldiers, the Speaker, upon motion of Dupre, a\\nmember of the House, put and carried, requested General\\nDe Tro1)riaiKl, who had pre i- ion -si ij eidered the State House, ac-\\ncompanied hy some United States troops, without the hiowledge\\nor request of the Sj)e((hrr,io speak a few words to the persons\\nin the lobby, the Speaker expressing the opinion that the\\nGeneral s remonstrance would prevent a riot, whicli was\\nimminent. The Genai\\\\al complied with the request, and\\nwithout the use of any force, restored comparative quiet\\nin the lobby. No other intervention by the United\\nStates authorities tvas asl-ed for or obtained. This re-\\nquest was made, as above stated, after the General and\\nsome soldiers had entered the room.\\nAbout an liour after this, order being full?/ restored,\\nGeneral De Trobriand returned, and informed the\\nSpeaker tliat he had been ordered by Governor Kellogg", "height": "3377", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "argumentwithstat00kenn_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "5\\nto replace Vigers as Clerk, and to eject the five mem-\\nbers above referred to, upon whose cases the Returning\\nBoard had failed to report, and desired to know whether\\nhis orders would be complied with without the use of\\nforce. The Speaker replied that he was the lawful\\nSpeaker of the House of Representatives of the State of\\nLouisiana, and would obey no order from Governor Kel-\\nlogg, or any other source, unless compelled so to do by\\nactual ovei powering force, whereupon the General re-\\ntired and soon returned with soldiers and requested the\\nSpeaker to point out the members indicated in his order\\nfrom Kellogg for ejectment, the General not knowirvg\\nthem personally. This relucst was also promptly re-\\nfused whereupon General Campbell and T. C. Ander-\\nson, the former General of Kellogg s militia, by which he\\nwas surrounded in and out of the State House, the\\nlatter a member of tlie Wells Returning Board, neither\\nbeing members of the House, were called upon, and\\npointed out the desired members, who were thereupon\\nseized, each by United States soldiers, with guns and\\nfixed bayonets, and were forced out of the State House\\nagainst their oft repeated protests.\\nImmediately upon this action by the Military Authori-\\nties of the United States, the Speaker requested the Con-\\nservative members to retire with him, which was done\\nwithout exception. Genl. De Trobriand then ordered\\nMr. Vigers to call the roll, whereupon Speaker Wiltz\\nreiterated his refusal to allow him to make such call,\\nVigers persisting, Wiltz had him forcibly ejected by his", "height": "3377", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "argumentwithstat00kenn_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "6\\nSergeant-at-arms. During all of these proceedings, the\\nSpeaker reiterated his protests and refusals to submit to\\nany interference, unless compelled by overwhelming force.\\nSuch force was used by the United States Military Author-\\nities, and to it alone he yielded.\\nII. As TO THE PRETENDED REPUBLICAN ORGANIZATION.\\nAfter the withdrawal of Wiltz and the Conservative\\nmembers, Vigers was restored to the position of Clerk,\\nby General De Trobriand, Ilahn was elected by acclama-\\ntion Speaker, and administered the oath to the members\\nin groups of four. Immediately thereafter, a resolution\\nwas adopted, seating four persons from the parishes turned\\nover to the legislature by the Returning Board for de-\\ncision. The oath was administered to them, an election\\nfor Clerk was then proceeded with at which Vigers was\\ndeclared elected.\\nUpon the calling of the roll, for the election of perma-\\nnent Speaker, only fifty answers were made. Both Hahn\\nand Vigers testified on the 6th of January, 1875, before\\nyour Honorable Committee, that this was the number who\\nanswered the roll call when the vote was cast for Speaker,\\nbut claimed that two names that had answered upon a\\nprevious call of the roll, which call was stopped by Witzl\\nbefore he retired, were added to make the fifty-two. This\\nin the largest number claimed hy tlie tivo witnesses above men-\\ntioned when under oath before the Committee. Two of\\nthis number as before said, were of those who retired with\\nWiltz, and whose affidavits accompany this statement,", "height": "3377", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "argumentwithstat00kenn_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "showing that they were not present when Vigers called\\nthe roll de novo. But even if present and properly added\\nthey would not have completed a quorum, as under article\\n33 of the Constitution, not less than a majority of the\\nmembers elect shall form a quorum. The number elected\\nwas one hundred and eleven, of which fifty-six is a quo-\\nrum.\\nTHE LAW OF THE CASE.\\nThe only measure of the authority of an outgoing\\nLegislature, as to an incoming Legislature, must of neces-\\nsity be the Constitution of the State.\\nThe House of Representatives which assembled Janu-\\nary 4th, 1875, in the State House of Louisiana, was as\\nfree from any regulation imposed by the preceding\\nLegislature, as was the first House that assembled in the\\nState, unless a distinct provision can be found in the\\nConstitution authorizing such regulation.\\nDoes the Constitution of Louisiana of 1868 contain\\nrny clause which warranted the enactment of Section 44,\\nAct No. 98, approved November 20th, 1872?\\nThe language of this Section is quoted in the above\\nstatement of facts and law. What is the extent of the\\nClerk s powers under this law\\nAnd it shall be the duty of the said Clerk and Secre-\\ntary to place the names of the Representatives and Sena-\\ntors elect so furnished upon the roll of the House and\\nSenate respectively.\\nThere is no other portion of the Section which relates to", "height": "3377", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "argumentwithstat00kenn_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "8\\nthe duties or powers of the Clerk. His duties are strictly\\nlimited and entirely ininisterial.\\nHe calls the roll merely by the grace of the House, in\\naccordance with custom, and the moment he completes\\nthe roll call his functions are ended. The manner of or-\\nganization then belongs exclusively to the House.\\nBut it is urged that Section 44 of this Act prescribes\\nthat no others, than those thus placed on the roll by the\\nClerk, are competent to organize the House.\\nHow can the rights of the House which met January\\n4th, 1875, be less than that which adjourned March 1st,\\n1874, unless the House of 1874 was given power in the\\nConstitution to abridge the rights and privileges of its\\nsuccessors\\nNot a word can be found in the Constitution even look-\\ning towards such an authorization. On the contrary,\\nArticle 34, quoted in the statement of facts and law,\\nspecially provides that each house of the General Assem-\\nbly shall judge of the qualifications, elections and returns\\nof its members.\\nThe plain language of this article shows that the con-\\nvention which formed the Constitution was careful to\\nprohibit the Senate and Executive from any interference\\nwith the qualifications, elections and returns of the mem-\\nbers of the House. The specific Constitutional provision\\nas to contesting seats, following immediately the provision\\nin Article 34, that eocA House of the General Assembly\\nshall judge of the qualifications, elections and returns of\\nits members, excludes the idea that either House of", "height": "3377", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "argumentwithstat00kenn_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "9\\nthe General Assembly can be controlled in deciding upon\\nthe qualifications, elections and returns of its members\\nby a law which requires the approval of the Senate and\\nExecutive. This provision was intended to secure the in-\\ndependence of the House from the influence of the Senate\\nand Executive, and is almost a duplicate of the provisions\\ncontained in all of the State Constitutions, and is in the\\nexact words of the first clause of the fifth Section of the\\nfirst Article of the Constitution of the United States.\\nHow many are a quorum Article 33 of the Constitu-\\ntion declares that not less than a majority of the members\\nof each house of the General Assembly shall form a\\nquorum to transact business, but a smaller nuinber may\\nadjourn from day to day, and .shall have full power to\\ncompel the attendance of absent members.\\nThe 20th Article of the Constitution provides that\\neaeli parish shall be entitled to at least one Representa-\\ntive.\\nConstruing the thirty-third Article, which requires a\\nmajority of the memljers of each house to form a quorum,\\nwith Article 20, which requires that each parish shall be\\nentitled to at least oiie Representative, and Article 46,\\nwhich requires returns of all elections for members of the\\nGeneral Assembly to be made, the conclusion is inevitable\\nthat a legal quorum, under the Constitution, must be a\\nmajority of the whole number of Representatives to which\\nthe State is entitled, to-wit Fifty-six a majority of one\\nhundred and eleven.\\nTo construe Section 44 of Act of 1872, as authorizing", "height": "3377", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "argumentwithstat00kenn_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "10\\na quorum to be constituted of a majority of the members\\nthat may be returned by the Returning Board, is to annul\\nby statute the constitutional provisions contained in Arti-\\ncles 20. 33 and 46. Such a construction leads to a reductio\\nml ahsnriliim. The Returning Board, who referred in\\nthis election the claims of five Representatives, repre-\\nsenting /o//y- parishes, to the Legislature for decision, had,\\nunder the law, the same rtght to have referred fifty or one\\nhundred; or one hundred and ten, leaving one man to or-\\nganize the House.\\nIt is well settled that when the Returning Board had\\ndissolved, referring the decision as to the claims of certain\\nparties to seats, to the House, its powers in the premises\\nwere ended.\\n12 Barbour s Reports (N. Y. Supreme Court), 217, The\\nPeople, e:r rel. Alexander H. Bailey, vs. The Supervisors\\nof Greene.\\nTo deny the right of the House to decide upon the\\nprima facie rights of claimants to seats, would be to deny,\\naltogether, under certain circumstances, the right to or-\\nganize, and would i2;ivo the Returning Board absolute\\npower to disfranchise the people of the whole State.\\nA precedent for the mode of the temporary organization\\nadopted by the House of Representatives of the State of\\nLouisiana on the 4th of January, 1875, was established\\nduring the first session of the twenty-sixth Congress of the\\nUnited States.\\nSee Congressional Globe, volume 8, from pages 1 to 21\\ninclusive.", "height": "3377", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "argumentwithstat00kenn_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "Lii\\nThe House of Representatives assembled on Wednesday,\\nDecember 22)k1, 18o9, On the oth of December, 1839,\\nbeing still without a temporary organization, Mr, Adams\\n(p. 19) arose and said: I am under the necessity of\\nappealing to you, fellow-citizens, to set aside the decisions\\nof the Clerk, and act for yourselves. I propose that the\\nHouse shall act in whatever form it pleases it may choose\\na temporary Clerk or not, as it is thinks proper. I put\\nthis question to the majority of the House. It is their\\ndut} to organize it, and therefore they ought, as a prelimi-\\nnary step, to put themselves in such a situation that no\\ndecision of the Clerk can force upon the House an organi-\\nzation in the manner he dictates. The House may set\\naside the Clerk, but is not forced to obey his despotical\\ndictates. The Clerk had refused, and was refusing, to call\\nthe names of the members fr6m New Jersey, their\\nnames not appearing on the roll, which he had made up in\\naccordance with past usage. He had omitted to place\\ntheni on the roll because two sets of claimants appeared\\nfor the seats. Mr. Rhett (p. 19) then offered a resolution\\nthat Louis Williams, the oldest member of the House, be\\napi) inted Chairuan of this meeting until the House\\norgiiuize. Mr. Williams declining to take the chair, Mr.\\nRhett (p. 20) then varied his motion, so as to call Mr.\\nAdams to the chair instead of Mr. Williams, and putting\\nliimscJf the question to the meeting, it was- carried, and\\nMr. Adams took the chair. The temporary organization\\nof the House was thus effected.\\nDuring this temporary organization, Mr. Duncan (p.", "height": "3377", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "argumentwithstat00kenn_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "[.12\\n26) observed that he understood yesterday, that after\\nthe appointment of a chairman the rules of the hist House\\nof Representatives were adopted for the governance of\\nthis House, for the time being. One of these rules required\\nthat the yeas and nays should be called alphabetically.\\nNow he wished to know of the Chair, if the yeas and\\nnays would be called if demanded, and how. The Chair\\nstated that the rule did not apphj, because the organiza-\\ntion of the House was not completed. The yeas and nays\\ntherefore could not be called.\\nThereafter the question arose on the second branch of\\nMr. Rhett s resolution in the following words, and after\\nthe names of such members are called, and before a\\nSpeaker is elected, they shall, provided there be a quorum\\nof such present, then hear and adjudge upon the election\\nreturns, and qualifications, of all claimants (Messrs.\\nIngersoU and Naylor excepted) to the seats contested on\\nthis floor, which motion was carried, yeas, 138, nays, 92.\\nDuring the progress of this debate (p. 53). Mr. Wise\\nsaid In order to illustrate the position of my colleague,\\nI will state th;it the Chair decides that he cannot put the\\nquestion on his appeal while the election is going on.\\nNow, from that very decision my colleague has a right to\\nappeal. The Chair said, the motion of the gentlemen\\ncould be offered when a Speaker was chosen, but that he\\ncould iiot take an appeal when the House was in the act\\nof electing a Speaker. Mr. Wise then said Here is a\\ndecision that an appeal cannot be taken. It is not com-\\npetent for my colleague to take an appeal from thatdeci-\\nion. Tlie Chair, Certainly not, Sir.", "height": "3377", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "argumentwithstat00kenn_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "[13\\nUnder the Constitution of Louisiana, before quoted\\nArticle 36, no call for yeas and nays is allowable, even in\\npermanent organization, unless demanded by tiuo mem-\\nbers, and there is no- constitutional right of appeal from\\nthe decision of the Chair.\\nIn the organization of the House resulting in the elect-\\nion of Mr. Wiltz as Speaker, no two members called for\\nyeas and nays, and no appeal of any kind was taken from\\nthe ruling of Mr. Wiltz, either as temporary or perma-\\nnent Speaker.\\nThe temporary organization by which Mr. Wiltz was\\ncalled to the Chair, was made when there were 102 mem-\\nbers present, an ample constitutional quorum. There was a\\nvote in his favor, and no votes against him. He thus\\nbecame temporary Chairman, without any opposition of\\na body composed of 102 members.\\nThe statute of 1872 cannot be uro:ed a\u00c2\u00a3i;ainst this, be-\\ncause the persons present were the same persons named\\nin the statute, having been returned by the Returning\\nBoard.*\\nThe next step was equally legal. Five members, rep-\\nresenting four parishes, had been elected, and the returns\\nshowed that they had been elected. Under Article 4G\\nthe Returning Board should have returned their names\\nto the Secretary of State, and he to the Clerk, for the\\narticle specifically requires the returns of all elections to\\nbe so. made*.\\nNo one was contesting their seats. Their irrlmii facie\\ntitle was clearly without dispute.", "height": "3377", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "argumentwithstat00kenn_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "14\\nThe seating in no manner affected the right of after-\\ncontestation. Mr. Wiltz and his poUtical friends in the\\nHouse would have violated Article 46 of the Constitution\\nif they had not admitted them to a voice in the election\\nof a permanent Speaker.\\nThey were therefore properly admitted, care being taken\\nto reserve the right of any one who chose to contest their\\nseats.\\nThe body then proceeded to elect a permanent Speaker,\\nand upon this vote an ample quorum was present, and\\nmore than a legal quorum voted, there being fifty-five\\nvotes for Wiltz and three for opposition Republican can-\\ndidates.\\nMr. Wiltz thus became legal permanent Speaker.\\nA Committee on Credentials was then appointed, of\\nwhich Michael Hahn was a member, and he retired with\\nthe Committee. The Committee returned, after some de-\\nlay, and reported in favor of admitting sundry other\\nmembers, and Mr. Hahn reserved his right of making a\\nminority report. During the whole proceedings there\\nwere no appeals taken from the rulings of either the tem-\\nporary Chairman or permanent Speaker.\\nThus was organized the House of Representatives of\\nLouisiana, the fourth day of January, 1875, in strict ac-\\ncordance with the Constitution of the State and precedent.\\nThis organization was destroyed by the interference of\\nFederal troops, to whom the Legislature refiused to sub-\\nmit until overpowered and compelled hy actual force.\\nWhether this armed intervention is to stand as a i rece-", "height": "3377", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "argumentwithstat00kenn_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "15\\ndenf becomes a vital question to every State in the\\nUnion.\\nJOHN H. KENNARD,\\nOf Counsel for Committee of Seventy before Congressional Committee.\\nL. A. Wiltz, being duly sworn, deposes and says, that\\nhe has carefully read and critically examined the facts\\nand figures contained in the above brief, as to the organi-\\nzation of the House of Representatives of the State of\\nLouisiana, on the 4th day of January, 1875, and of his\\nown knowledge knows them to be true.\\nLouis A. Wiltz.\\nSubscribed and sworn to before me on\\nthis 11th of January, A. d. 1875.\\nJ. G. EusTis,\\nUnited Sti lies Commissioner for the District of Louisiana.", "height": "3377", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "argumentwithstat00kenn_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3346", "width": "1867", "jp2-path": "argumentwithstat00kenn_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3377", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "argumentwithstat00kenn_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3377", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "argumentwithstat00kenn_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3377", "width": "2008", "jp2-path": "argumentwithstat00kenn_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3382", "width": "2107", "jp2-path": "argumentwithstat00kenn_0026.jp2"}}