{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2786", "width": "1701", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2708", "width": "1690", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2693", "width": "1639", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2708", "width": "1690", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "(VicV-. L^.-vv Uv irw.\\nH-^", "height": "2693", "width": "1515", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2708", "width": "1690", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "NORMAN S\\nNEW ORLEANS AND ENVIRONS\\nCONTAINING A BRIEF HISTORICAL SKETCH\\nOF THE\\nTERRITORY AND STATE OF LOUISIANA,\\nAND THE\\nCITY OF NEW ORLEANS,\\nFROM THE EARLIEST PERIOD TO THE PRESENT TIME\\nPRESENTING\\nA COMPLETE GUIDE\\nTO ALL SUBJECTS OF GENERAL INTEREST IN THE SOUTHERN\\nMETROPOLIS;\\nWITH X\\nCORRECT AND IMPROVED PLAN OF THE CITT, PICTORIAL ILLtTSTRA-\\nTIONS OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS, ETC.\\nNEW ORLEANS\\nPUBLISHED BY B. M. NORMAN.\\nNEW YORK, D. APPLETON CO. PHILADELPHIA, GEO. S. APPLETON\\nBOSTON, JAS. MUNROE CO.; CINCINNATI, H. W. DERBY CO. J\\nST. LOUIS, HALSALL COLLET MOBILE, J. M. SUMWALT CO.\\n1845.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0009.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "Entered according- to Ac: of Coiigress, in me year i^ w\\nB. M. NORMAN,\\nin the Clerk s office of the District Court of tbe Sowme -a\\nDistrict of New York.\\nA\\nVan Norden, Printer, 39 William etree.", "height": "2718", "width": "1576", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0010.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "DEDICATED\\nTO THE\\nCITIZENS OF NEW ORLEANS,\\nWITH\\nTrue Sentiments of Respect,\\nBY THEIR\\nHUMBLE SERVANT.\\nIew Orleans. Ociober, 1845.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0011.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2708", "width": "1690", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0012.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "PREFACE.\\nTo the stranger visiting New Orleans, and to those\\nabroad who may feel an interest in the metropolis of the\\ngreat South-West, no apology may be urged for the present\\nwork. Curiosity, in the one case, and necessity, in the\\nother, will prove a sufficient plea, and prepare the way for\\nthat favorable reception, which it has been the aim of the\\npublisher it should deserve. And, judging from the interest\\nhe has taken in compiling it, he flatters himself it will be\\nfound a communicative and agreeable companion to both\\nthe above classes of readers, and to the public in general\\nThe tables and index have been prepared with great care,\\nand will be found highly convenient to those who wish to\\nconsult the work with reference to any particular subject of\\nwhich it treats. All such subjects are there so arranged and\\nclassified, that the reader may see, at a glance, where they\\nare to be found.\\nThe engravings were executed by Messrs. Shields\\nHammond, after original drawings, made expressly for this\\nwork, by Mr. Cowell. The plan of the city was engraved\\nby the same artists, after an original draught by Mr. Mull-\\nhausen", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0013.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "VI PREFACE.\\nTo several gentlemen, who have kindly aided the publish-\\ner i:i gathering materials for the work, he would here ex-\\npress his grateful acknowledgements. For the historical\\nfacts embodied in the volume, he is indebted to several\\nworks on the history of Louisiana, and the discovery and\\nearlv settlement of our country", "height": "2708", "width": "1690", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0014.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "NORMAN S\\nNEW ORLEANS AND ENVIRONS.\\nA BRIfiF SKETCH OF THE DISCOVERY AND TERRITORIAL\\nHISTORY OF LOUISIANA.\\nTOMOWEN. PINXT.\\nUe Soto s discovery of the Mississippi.\\nLouisiana is the name given by the French, lo\\nall that extensive tract of land, lying West of the\\nMississippi River, which was ceded by them to\\nthe United States in 1803. The line of its west-\\nern boundary follows the Sabine River to the 32d\\ndegree of north latitude thence, due north to the", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0015.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "TERRITORIAL HISTORY\\nRed River along that stream westerly to the\\nmeridian of 100 west longitude thence due north\\nto the Arkansas River, ascending that to its source\\nthence due north to the 42d degree of latitude\\nand along that, parallel to the Pacific Ocean. Its\\nnorthern boundary is a matter of dispute between\\nthe United States and Great Britain, and the dis-\\ncussion, at the present moment is somewhat ex-\\nciting and ominous. It is the only question in\\nrelation to any part of our border, which has not\\nbeen amicably adjusted by treaty. We claim\\nthe boundary formed by a line drawn from the\\nLake of the Woods, in the 49th degree of latitude,\\ndue west to the Rocky Mountains, thence to the\\nparallel of 54, and on that to the Pacific. The\\nBritish, on the other hand, claim that part, lying\\nwest of the Rocky Mountains, and north of the\\n46th parallel, or the latitude of the Columbia\\nRiver. Our claim to the whole of this Territory,\\ntlie part in dispute being called the Oregon, is\\nbased upon priority of discovery, and purchase.\\nThe British claim the northern portion by right\\nof possession. The question has been held in\\nsuspense for several years, under a treaty of joint\\noccupancy, which is now about to terminate. The\\nquestion of ownership and jurisdiction, will pro-\\nbably be adjusted definitely in the course of a few\\nyears. We trust it may be done without the ne-\\ncessity of an appeal to arms.", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0016.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "OF LOUISIANA. 9\\nThe vast domain, included within the above\\nnamed boundaries, contains more than twelve\\nhundred thousand square miles. It is about six\\ntimes the size of France, and nearly twice as\\nlarge as the whole territory embraced in the thir-\\nteen original States of the Union an empire, in\\nitself sufficiently extensive to satisfy the ambition\\nof any ordinary people.\\nThe discoveries of Columbus, and his immedi-\\nate successors, were confined to the islands in and\\nabout the Gulf of Mexico, and a part of the ad-\\njacent coast of the two Continents. The immense\\ntracts that lay inland, stretching thousands of\\nmiles towards the setting sun, were unknown and\\nunexplored for nearly half a century after the\\nlanding of the Europeans on this coast. Those of\\nNorth America were first visited in 1512, by Juan\\nPonce de Leon, a Spanish adventurer in quest ot\\nthe Fountain of Immortal Youth, which the\\nIndians represented as gushing up in one of the\\nElysian Valleys of the West; but, unfortunately\\nfor him and for posterity, death overtook him be-\\nfore he reached the Fountain, and the directions\\nfor finding it perished with him. Having made\\nthe first land on Pascha Florida, or Palm Sunday,\\nhe gave the name of Florida to all the country\\nlying to the Norlh and West.\\nIn consequence of the premature death of Ponce\\nde Leon, the expedition was given up, and little\\n1*", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0017.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "10 TERRITORIAL HISTORY\\nmore was known of these regions until 1538,\\nwhen Hernandez de Soto, having been made Gov-\\nernor of Cuba, and Adelantado of Florida, under-\\ntook, with a company of six hundred men, to\\nexplore these his western dominions. He pene-\\ntrated Florida, Georgia, Tennessee and Kentucky,\\nand struck the Mississippi not far from the place\\nnow known as the Chickasaw Bluffs. Thence he\\npassed over to the Red River, and descending that,\\nhad nearly reached its mouth, when he was seized\\nwith a sudden fever, and died. To prevent his\\nbody from falling into the hands of the Indians,\\nit was sunk in the stream at the mouth of Red\\nRiver, near its junction with the father of\\nwaters\\nThe expedition of de Soto consumed four years,\\nduring which, his adventures, among the various\\ntribes and nations then teeming in these quiet re-\\ngions, were diversified and full of the most roman-\\ntic interest. He was succeeded in 1542 by Lewis\\nde Moscoso, or Mucoso, who, with none of the\\naddress or enterprise of de Soto, found himself\\nand his small company, now reduced by disease\\nand constant warfare with the natives, to about\\nthree hundred men, encompassed with difficulty,\\nand in danger of being entirely cut off. They\\nbuilt seven brigantines, probably the first speci-\\nmens of scientific ship building on the Mississippi,\\nand then dropped down the river. Pursued by", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0018.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "OF LOUISIANA. 11\\nthousands of exasperated Indians in their canoes,\\nharrassed, wounded, and some of them slain, the\\nmiserable remnant at length found their way out\\nof the river, about the middle of July.\\nNo sooner had they put to sea, than a violent\\ntempest arose when another calamity befel them,\\nwhich will be feelingly understood by many of\\nthe navigators of these waters, in our own day.\\nI will give it in the languaije of the historian, who\\nwas one of the party. While they were in this\\ntempest, in great fear of being cast away, they\\nendured an intolerable torment of an infinite\\nswarm of musketoes, which fell upon them, which,\\nas soon as they had stung the flesh, it so infected\\nit, as though they had been venomous. In the\\nmorning, the sea was assuaged, and the wind\\nslacked, but not the musketoes; for the sails,\\nwhich were white, seemed black with them in the\\nmorning. Those which rowed, unless others kept\\nthem away, were not able to row. Having passed\\nthe fear and danger of the storm, beholding the\\ndeformities of their faces, and the blows which\\nthey gave themselves to drive them away, one of\\nthem laughed at another.\\nIt is manifest from the narrative of de Soto s\\nexpedition, that a dense population once covered\\nthis whole territory. It is equally manifest that\\nthey were a race infinitely superior to the almost\\nexterminated tribes which still remain. In the", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0019.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "12 TERRITORIAL HISTORY\\narts of what we term civilization, in the comforts\\nand conveniences of social life, in the organiza-\\ntion of society, in works of taste, in a knowledge\\nof the principles, and an appreciation of the beauties\\nof architecture, and in the application of the va-\\nrious mechanical powers requisite to the construc-\\ntion of buildings on a grand and magnificent scale,\\nthey may challenge comparison with some of the\\nproudest nations of antiquity, in the old world.\\nWhat has become of those mysterious nations, we\\nare at a loss to conjecture but their works re-\\nmain, though in ruins, eternal monuments of their\\ngenius and power. As far as they have been\\nexplored, they afford ample evidence that the\\nappellation New World is an entire misnomer.\\nAs the eloquent Mr. Wirt once said Tliis is the\\nold World/ and the day may come, when the\\nantiquarian will find as much that is attractive\\nand interesting in the time hallowed ruins and the\\nalmost buried cities, of America, as those of Pom-\\npeii and Herculaneum, of Thebes and Palmyra.\\nChanged as the whole country has been, in the\\nlapse of three centuries, in respect to most of\\nthose things which must have struck the original\\ndiscoverers with wonder, admiration, and awe\\nthere is one feature, as described by de Soto, that\\nstill remains, so distinct and characteristic, that,\\nif the brave old Adelantado should suddenly rise", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0020.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "OF LOUISIANA. 13\\nfrom his watery grave, he would immediately re-\\ncognize the place of his burial.\\nThe Mississippi is still the same as when those\\nbold adventurers first beheld it. The historian\\ndescribes it as a river so broad, that if a man\\nstood still on the other side, it could not be dis-\\ncerned whether he was a man or no. The chan-\\nnel was very deep, the current strong, the water\\nmuddy and filled with floating trees.\\nOf all the great rivers of this continent, it is a\\ndistinction which is probably peculiar to the Mis-\\nsissippi, that it was discovered, not by navigators\\nentering it from the ocean, but by a band of ad-\\nventurous explorers, striking it in their march, at\\nsome thousand miles from its mouth\\nFor more than a century after the expedition of\\nde Soto, these mighty regions were suffered to\\nremain in the quiet possession of their original\\nowners, undisturbed by the visits of white men.\\nIn 1654, the adventurous Col. Woods, from the\\ninfant colony of Virginia, wandered into these\\nthen remote regions, and crossed the great river,\\nafter which it lay forgotten for twenty years\\nlonger.\\nIn 1673, Marquette, a French monk, and Joliet,\\na trader, starting from Quebec, traversed the great\\nnorthern Lakes, ascended the Fox River to its\\nsource, made a small portage west to the Wiscon-\\nsin, and descended that river to the Mississippi,", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0021.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "14 TEERITOEIAL HISTORY\\nwhere they arrived on the 7th of July. Commit-\\nting themselves to the current, the two solitary\\ntravellers reached a village of the Illinois, near\\nthe mouth of the Missouri, where they were kindly\\nreceived and hospitably entertained. After a\\nbrief stay, they proceeded down to a settlement of\\nthe Arkansas, near the river of that name. They\\ndid not proceed farther at this time, but returned\\nto Quebec, by the same route, fully impressed\\nwith the belief that they could reach the Gulf of\\nMexico, by continuing their course on the great\\nriver. There was immense rejoicing in Quebec\\nat the result of this adventure. Te deum was\\nsung in the Churches, on the occasion, and the\\ngreat Western Valley set down as belonging to\\nFrance by right of discovery. They were little\\naware how brief their dominion in that land would\\nbe, or how soon the fruits of all their toils would\\nfall into the hands of a nation then unborn, that\\nin one little century, should leap to independence\\nand power, and claim an honorable place among\\nthe hoary empires of the earth.\\nSix years after the return of Marquette and\\nJoliet, Robert, Chevaliei de la Salle, commenced\\noperations for a further exploration of the Missis-\\nsippi, With seventeen men, he proceeded to the\\nLittle Miami, near the mouth of which he built a\\nfort. From thence he traversed the country, till\\nhe came to the Falls of St. Anthony. Descend.", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0022.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "OF LOUISIANA. 15\\ning the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico, he re-\\nturned by land to Quebec during the 3^ear 1681.\\nHe then proceeded to France, procured a vessel,\\nand sailed in 1685, with the intention of entering\\nthe river through the Gulf, but was unable to find\\nits mouth.\\nIn his next voyage, having met with the same\\ndisappointment, he erected a fort in the Bay of St.\\nBernard, near the mouth of the Colorado. As-\\ncending that river, about sixteen miles, he estab-\\nlished another fort, which, however, he soon\\ndestroyed, and returned to the first settlement.\\nHere he built houses, erected another fort, which\\nhe called St. Louis, and prepared the ground for\\ncultivation. He made many abortive attempts to\\nfind the entrance to the Mississippi. At length, a\\nconspiracy was formed among his own party, and\\nhe was cruelly murdered by Dehault, on the 19th\\nof March, 1687, near the western branch of\\nTrinity River. Thus fell, in the midst of his\\ntoils, and in the prime of his years, by the hand\\nof an assassin, one of the most renowned adven-\\nturers of the 17th century a man who may be\\njustly claimed as an honor to the country that\\ngave him birth. He deserved a better fate. In\\ncool courage, in hardy enterprise, and in fertility\\nof resources, he was second only to Columbus.\\nAnd in the power of subduing the wild spirits of his\\nmen, and bending all their energies to the one object", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0023.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "16 TEimiTORIAL HISTORY\\nbefore him, he displayed much of the sagacity and\\ntact of that great navigator. In vigor, decision\\nand promptitude, he much resembled the renowned\\nCortes, without any of the bigotry or cruelty, that\\ntarnished the reputation of the Conqueror of\\nMexico.\\nIn 1699, eighteen years after La Salle had de-\\nmonstrated the connection of the Mississippi with the\\nGulf of Mexico, by passing out at its mouth, Ib-\\nerville succeeded in entering it from the Gulf.\\nAscending as far as the junction of Red River,\\nhe returned, and proceeded, by way of the Gulf,\\ninto Lake Pontchartrain. He formed a settlement\\nand erected a fort, at Biloxi, which he left under\\nthe command of his brother Bienville, while he re-\\nturned to France, to induce others to join the colony.\\nSoon after he left, the new commander ascended\\nthe Mississippi as far as the present site of New\\nOrleans. In returning, he met a British vessel of\\nsixteen guns, under the command ofCapt. Bard,\\nwho enquired the bearings of the great river, inti-\\nmating that it was his intention to establish a colony\\nupon its banks. Bienville, in reply, directed him\\nto go farther west, and thus induced him to turn\\nabout from which circumstance, the place of\\ntheir meeting was called The English Turn, a\\nname which it retains to this day.\\nIberville accompanied by a considerable ac-\\ncession of force, comprising hardy settlers, and", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0024.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "OF LOUISIANA. 17\\nscientific men, soon returned to the colony. Find-\\ning things in a promising condition, he proceeded\\nup the river as far as Natchez, and planted a set-\\ntlement there. Leaving Bienville and St. Denys\\nin command, he again took leave, and sailed for\\nFrance. He was indefatigable in his exertions to\\nestablish and render permanent his little colony.\\nIt was the first attempt in this section and Iber-\\nville miay be well regarded as the father of Lou-\\nisiana. But he did not survive to enjoy its growth\\nand prosperity. He died in one of the West\\nIndia Islands, a victim to the yellow fever, in 1708.\\nAbout this time, one Sauville was elected Gover-\\nnor. He survived the appointment, however, but\\na short time. Bienville then succeeded him, and\\nretained the office till 1710, when he was superse-\\nded by De Muys and Diron d Artaquette.\\nFinding that they derived no immediate advan-\\ntage from this new accession of territory, the\\nFrench Government, in 1712, granted to Antonio\\nCrozat, a rich merchant of Paris, the monopoly\\nof the trade of Louisiana, which he surrendered\\nback in 1717. What a fortune a man might\\nmake now, out of a five years monopoly of the\\ntrade of that luxuriant region\\nIn 1717, a new charter was issued, under the style\\nof The Western Company, with the exclusive\\nprivilege of the trade of Louisiana for twenty-five\\nyears. Bienville was again chosen Governor, and", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0025.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "18 TERRITORIAL HISTORY\\nin the following year, 1718, he laid the foundation:\\nof New Orleans. Hitherto the pursuits of agri-\\nculture had been entirely neglected. Whether\\nthis neglect was attributable to the hostility of the\\nIndians, compelling them to concentrate their little\\nforce in one spot, or to the flattering promises of\\ntrade, or to the illusive hope of discovering mines\\nof gold, which occupied all their time, or to all\\nthese causes combined, we cannot now determine.\\nWe only know, that, up to this period, they had\\ndepended almost entirely upon supplies sent from\\nFrance, for the common necessaries of life. But\\nnow, the cultivation of the soil begun to be an ob-\\nject of considerable attention, tobacco and rice\\nbeing the principal articles from which a profit\\nwas expected.\\nThe chief personage in this Western Compa-\\nny, was the notorious John Law, a Scotch finan-\\ncier, one of those universal speculators, who\\nexperiment upon every thing, human and divine,\\nwho revel only in change, and to whom mere\\ninnovation becomes the professional business of a\\nlife. As is usual in such cases, he managed so\\nas to draw down ruin upon himself and his duped\\nassociates in France, while at the same time, he\\nhad the singular tact to place the colony in a\\ncondition for the time. The result of his schemes,\\nhowever, was ultimately disastrous. The finances\\nof the colony were thrown into inextricable con-", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0026.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "OF LOUISIANA, 19\\nfusion. The French Ministry, instead of applying\\nan efficient remedy, or leaving the evil to cure\\nitself, only tampered with it, by changing the\\nvalues of the coins, and thus deranging all the\\nmoney transactions of the colony. The effect\\nwas ruinous to some, and embarrassing to all.\\nAnd when was it otherwise Never. History\\nand experience utter but one voice on the subject\\nof governmental experiments, and arbitrary legisla-\\ntive innovations, upon ordinary fiscal operations,\\nand the course of trade. And that voice is^\\nhands off.\\nIn the mean time war was declared between\\nFrance and Spain. The colonists, sympathizing\\nwith the mother country, commenced offensive\\noperations against their neighbors in Florida, and\\ntook possession of Pensacola which, however, the\\nSpaniards soon recovered. The trade of war was\\nnever very profitable, even to conquerors. No\\nsooner were the ditferent colonies of pale faces at\\nloggerheads among themselves, than their natural\\nenemies, the Indians, began to take advantage of\\ntheir divisions, and to endeavor to exterminate\\nthem both. A horrible massacre took place at\\nNatchez, in 1729. This was but part of a plan\\nwhich had been formed among the Mississippi\\ntribes, for a general butchery throughout the colony.\\nThe Natchez tribe, mistaking the day appointed\\nfor the sacrifice, commenced their work of blood", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0027.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "20 TERRITOKIAL HISTORY\\ntoo soon, and thus gave timely warning of the plot\\nto all the other settlements. The war which\\nfollowed was a destructive one, but the Indians\\nwere ultimately defeated.\\nBienville, having returned to France in 1727,\\nwas succeeded by Perrier. Under his adminis-\\ntration, the agricultural enterprise of the colony\\nwas considerably advanced. The cultivation of\\nindigo was commenced in 1728. The fig tree and\\nthe orange were introduced at the same time.\\nIn 1732, ten years before the legal expiration ot\\ntheir monopoly, the Western Company returned\\ntheir charter to the King. The colony was then\\nscarcely more than thirty years old, yet, notwith-\\nstanding their many and severe trials, by war and\\nby disease, the population numbered five thousand\\nwhites, and two thousand blacks. Bienville was,\\nthe third time, appointed Governor, having the\\nentire confidence both of the government and of\\nthe people. He continued to exercise this office\\ntill 1741, when he again resigned, carrying with\\nhim into private life the regrets and affectionate\\nregards of the inhabitants. He was succeeded\\nby the Marquis de Vandreuil.\\nIn the winter of 1747-8, the orange plantations\\nwere visited by a severe frost, such as had never\\nbeen known before, which not only cut off the\\ncrop for the season, but almost destroyed the pros-\\npects of that branch of business in the colony.", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0028.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "OF LOUISIANA. 21\\nThe cultivation of the sugar cane, now so ex-\\ntensive and lucrative a branch of business, did\\nnot begin to attract the attention of agriculturalists\\ntill 1751. Jt was then introduced by the Jesuits of\\nSt. Domingo, who sent some of the plants, as a pre-\\nsent to their brethren in Louisiana, accompanied\\nby negroes, well acquainted wiih its cultivation,\\nand with the process then in use for manufacturing\\nit into sugar. The lower part of the Fauxbourg of\\nSt. Mary was devoted to this experiment. That\\nit was a happy experiment for the colony, and the\\ncountry, the waving fields and princely estates on\\nevery side, and the annually increasing supply of\\nthis great staple, bear ample witness.\\nA large accession was made to the population\\nof the colony in 1754, by the arrival of emigrants\\nfrom Acadia, (Nova Scotia) which they were com-\\npelled to leave, owing to the oppresssive measures\\nof the British Government, by which that province\\nhad just been conquered. A few years afterwards,\\ngreat numbers of Canadians, fleeing from the same\\noppressions, found refuge in the sunny vallies of\\nthe south, and brought a very considerable acqui-\\nsition of strength and wealth to the colony.\\nThe seven years war between France\\nand England, ended in the cession, to the latter\\npower, of all the French possessions in North\\nAmerica, except Louisiana. It was stipulated,\\nbetween the two crowns, that the boundary line", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0029.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "22 TERRITORIAL HISTORY\\nof their respective dominions, in tlie New World,\\nshould run along the middle of the Mississippi,\\nfrom its source as far as the Iberville, and along\\nthe middle of that river, and of Lakes Maurepas\\nand Ponchartrain. This was in 1763. In the\\ncourse of the same year, Louisiana was trans-\\nferred by treaty to the crown of Spain. The\\ntidings of this unexpected cession, which were not\\npromulgated until two years after the execution\\nof the treaty, spread dismay through the colony.\\nThe idea of being passed over, nolens volens, to\\nthe domination of Spaniards, was revolting to the\\nthousands of true hearted and loyal Frenchmen,\\nwho had acquired and defended the territory, and\\nclaimed it as their own. They resolved, as one\\nman, to resist this unceremonious change of mas-\\nters, apparently determined, if their old mother,\\nFrance, persisted in casting them off, to set up\\nfor themselves.\\nIn pursuance of this resolution, they refused to\\nreceive Don Ulloa, whom the King of Spain des\\npatched in 1766, to take possession of the Pro-\\nvince, and to assume the Government, as his\\nrepresentative. The point was disputed at the\\ncannon s mouth, but the colony prevailed, and\\nDon Ulloa returned with his dishonored commis-\\nsion, to his master. Charles was as indignant as\\nhis crest-fallen servant, at this unexpected repulse.", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0030.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "OF LOUISIANA. 23\\nBut he was loo busy with his own troubles at\\nhome, to pursue the matter at that moment.\\nA fit instrument of Royal vengeance was at\\nlength found, in the person of Don O Reilley, a\\nrenegade Irishman, who, in 1769, was appointed to\\nsubdue and rule over the refractory province. A\\nmore perfect exemplification of the remark, that\\nthe most depraved unprincipled man may gain\\nthe confidence and regard of Kings, can scarcely\\nbe found. In the execution of his trust, he showed\\nhimself a very fiend incarnate. First, by fair\\npromises, cautiously mingled with just as much\\nof intimidation, as would give an air of candor\\nand courtly conciliation to his promises, he in-\\nduced the too credulous Louisianians to abandon\\ntheir purpose of resistance, and surrender without\\nstriking a blow. This artful guise he continued\\nto wear, till he had obtained possession of all the\\ninsignia of government, and the sinews of power,\\nand placed his own chosen tools in all the chief\\nplaces of trust. Then the mask of hypocrisy was\\nboldly thrown off, and the cloven foot uncovered.\\nHis fair promises were immediately shown to be\\nonly a master stroke of policy, to gain an end. In\\nthe face of his solemn stipulations, he caused those\\nwho had been foremost in refusing submission to\\nhis authority, to be seized and put to death. Five\\nof them, principal citizens of New Orleans, he\\ncaused w be publicly shot. Five more he consiLmed", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0031.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "24 TERRITORIAL HISTORY\\nto the dungeons of the Moro, at Havana, and one he\\nprocured to be assassinated. Other acts of cold-\\nblooded cruelty, and false-hearted tyranny follow-\\ned, till he became the execration and abhorrence\\nof the whole colony. He introduced the Spanish\\ncolonial system, and subjected the inhabitants to\\nevery species of indignity and abuse. At length,\\nthe extravagance of his measures, and his un-\\nprincipled abuse of power, wrought its own ruin.\\nHe was recalled by his King, and disgraced if\\none already so infamous could by any means be\\nrendered more so. His successor was Unzoga,\\nwho was shortly after superseded by Galvez.\\nThe colony now enjoyed a brief season of com-\\nparative quiet. But the war between England and\\nSpain, which broke out in 1779, afforded an oppor-\\ntunity for Governor Galvez to show his loyal zeal,\\nand exercise his military talents. With the troops\\nunder his command, he invaded Florida, took\\npossession of Baton Rouge, and Fort Charlotte,\\nnear Mobile, and proceeded to Pensacola, which,\\nafter an obstinate resistance, also submitted to his\\nauthority. Thus was the Spanish dominion com-\\npletely established in Florida.\\nGovernor Miro, who succeeded Galvez, carried\\ninto full effect the colonial system of Spain, which\\nwas by no means relished by the French inhabi-\\ntants of the colony.\\nIn 1785, a new firebrand was thrown into the", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0032.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "CF LOUISIANA. 25\\nmidst of these combustible elements. An attempt\\nwas made to establish an office of the Inquisition in\\nLouisiana. It was fearlessly opposed, and fortu-\\nnately crushed without bloodshed. The agent, to\\nwhom the obnoxious business was entrusted, was\\nseized in his bed, conveyed forcibly on board a\\nvessel, and sent home to Spain.\\nA census of the province, taken in 1788, just\\nninety years from the date of the first settlement,\\nshowed a population of 42,611. Of these, 19,445\\nwere whites, 21,465 slaves, and 1701 colored\\nfreemen. New Orleans, then 70 years old, con^\\ntained 5,338 inhabitants.\\nThe Baron de Carondelet was appointed Gover-\\nnor in 1792. During his administration, in the\\nyear 1794, the first newspaper, called Le Moni-\\nteur, was published in Louisiana. At the\\nsame period the Canal Carondelet was commenced\\nand the cultivation of indigo and the sugar cane,\\nwhich had hitherto been the great staples of the\\ncolony, was suspended.\\nIn 1795, by the treaty of St. Lorenzo, the na-\\nvigation of the Mississippi was opened to the west-\\nern States of the Union, and the great impulse\\ngiven to the commercial prosperity of New Or-\\nleans, which secured forever the pre-eminence of\\nthe Crescent City. The same treaty defined the\\nboundaries, as they now exist, between Florida\\nand Mississippi. But Carondelet, being rather\\n2", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0033.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "26 TEKKJTORIAL mS^TOKT\\nmore tardy in yielding possession, than suited the\\nactive, enterprizing spirit of the Americans, the\\n^Uii. territory was seized by an armed force, under An-\\ndrew Elliott.\\nTwo years after this, a plan set on foot by Ca-\\nrondelet, to dismember the American Union, by\\ndrawing the Western States into a separate com-\\npact, was detected and defeated by the address of\\nGeneral Wilkinson. Whether Aaron Burr was in\\nthe plot, or only took a hint from it a few years\\nlater, does not appear of record. Carondelet was\\nJ^ succeeded by Gayosa de HAmorrCasa Calvo, and\\nSalvado, who, successively, but for a very brief\\nperiod, wielded tlie chief magistracy of the colony.\\nIn 1803. Louisiana was re-transferred to France,\\nand inmiediately sold to the United States for\\n15.000.000 of dollars. The treaty which accom-\\nplished this important object was entered into on\\nthe 30th of April. Possession was taken, in be-\\nhalf of the United States, by General Wilkinson\\nand Willigjn C. Claiborne, amid the rejoicings of\\na people attached to liberty, and eager to grasp at\\nany opportunity to shake off the yoke of Spain.\\nThe p,\u00c2\u00bbpulation of Louisiana, at the time of the\\npurchase, did not exceed fifty thousand, exclusive\\nof the Indians, and these were scattered over\\nevery part of its immense territory. Seven years\\nafter, the population had nearly trebled, and her\\nprosperity had advanced in equal proportion.", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0034.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "OF LOUISIANA. 27\\nThe year 1812 was a memorable era in the\\nhistory of Louisiana, and marked with incidents\\nnever to be forgotten by her citizens. It was in\\nthis year, that the first Steam Boat was seen on\\nthe bosom of the great river, now alive with\\nhundreds of these winged messengers, plying to\\nand fro. In the same year war was declared\\nwith Great Britain, and Louisiana, as now consti-\\ntuted, was admitted, as an independent State, into\\nthe great American Confederacy.\\nThe Cotion Plant.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0035.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "THE STATE OF LOUISIANA.\\nPlantation House and Works.\\nThe State of Louisiana is bounded on the north\\nby the states of Arkansas, and Mississippi on\\nthe east by the latter and the Gulf of Mexico; on\\nthe south by the Gulf of Mexico, and on the west\\nby Mexico and Texas. It is a well watered gar-\\nden, the soil being rich, and intersected by the\\nMississippi, Red, and VV^achita Rivers, and many\\ninferior streams, and washed, on its western limit,\\nby the Sabine.\\nThe face of the country is exceedingly level, so\\nmuch so. that in a portion equal to three fourths", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0036.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "THE STATE OF LOUISIANA, 29\\nof the State, there is scarcely a hill to be found.\\nThose parts that are covered with pine woods are\\nusually uneven, sometimes rising into fine swells,\\nwith broad table summits, intersected with valleys\\nfrom thirty to forty feet deep. They do not lie in\\nany particular range, but, like the ocean in a high\\nand regular swell, present a uniform undulated\\nsurface. The alluvial soil is, of course level,\\nand the swamps, which are only inundated allu-\\nvions, are dead flats.\\nA range of gentle elevations commences in\\nOpelousas, and gradually increasing in height as\\nit advances, diverges toward the Sabine. In the\\nvicinity of Natchitoches, this range holds its way\\nnorthwestwardly; about half way between the Red\\nand the Sabine Rivers, and continues to increase in\\naltitude, till it reaches the western border of the\\nState. Seen from the pine hills above Natchi-\\ntoches, it has the blue outline and general aspect\\nof a range of mountains.\\nAnother line of hills, commencing not far from\\nxllexandria, on the northern side of the Red River,\\nand separating the waters of that stream from those\\nof the Duclgemony, extends northwardly, till it\\napproaches, and runs into, the mammillse, or\\nbluffs, that bound the alluvions of the Wachita,\\ndiverging gradually from the line of that stream,\\nas it passes beyond the western limits of the State.\\nThat remote part of Natchitoches called Allen s", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0037.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "30 THE STATE OF LOUISIANA.\\nsettlement, is a high rolling country. There are\\nalso hills of considerable magnitude on the east\\nside of the Mississippi, beyond the alluvions. But\\ngenerally speaking, Louisiana may be considered\\nas one immense plain, divided into pine woods,\\nprairies, alluvions, swamps, and hickory and oak\\nlands.\\nThe pine-wood lands, as I have already said,\\nare usually rolling. There are some exceptions,\\nbut they are very few. They have almost inva-\\nriably a poor soil. Some of those west of Opelou-\\nsas, and those between the Wachita and Red\\nRivers, are even sterile, answering well to the\\nname by which they are called in some other parts\\nof the country. Pine Barrens.\\nSome parts of the prairies of Opelousas are of\\ngreat fertility, and those of Attakapas are still\\nmore so. As a general feature, they are more\\nlevel than those of the upper country. An ex-\\ntensive belt of these prairies, bordering on the\\nGulf of Mexico, is low and marshy, and subject\\nto be wholly inundated in any extraordinary swell\\nof the river. A considerable portion of them\\nhave a cold clayey soil, the surface of which, un-\\nder the influence of a warm sun, hardens into a stiff\\ncrust. In other portions, the soil is of an inky\\nblackness, and often, in the hot and dry season,\\ncracks in long fissures some inches in width.\\nThe bottoms are generally rich, but in very", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0038.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "THE STATE OF LOTHSIANA. 31\\ndifferent degrees. Those of the Mississippi and\\nRed Rivers, and the bayous connected with these\\nstreams, are more fertile than those on the western\\nborder of the State. The quality of the richer\\nbottoms of the Mississippi, as well as those of the\\nRed River, is sufficiently attested by the prodigious\\ngrowth of timber in those parts, the luxuriance of\\nthe cane and the cotton, the tangles of vines and\\ncreepers, the astonishing size of the weeds\\nwhich, however, find it difficult to over-top the\\nbetter products of the soil and the universal\\nstrength of the vegetation.\\nThe most productive district of this State, is a\\nbelt of land, called the Coast, lying along the\\nMississippi, in the neighborhood of New Orleans.\\nIt consists of that part of the bottom, or alluvion,\\nof the Great R.iver, which commences with the\\nfirst cultivation above the Balize, about forty miles\\nbelow the capital, and extends about one hundred\\nand fifty miles above it. This belt on each side\\nof the river, is secured from an overflow by an\\nembankment,^called the /eyee, from six to eight\\nfeet in height, and sufficiently broad, for the most\\npart, to furnish an excellent highway. The river,\\nin an ordinary rise, would cover the greater part\\nof these beautiful bottoms, to a depth of from\\ntwo to six feet, if they were not thus protected.\\nThis belt is from one to two miles in width a", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0039.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "32 THE STATE OF LOUISIANA.\\nricher tract of land, of the same extent, cannot\\nprobably be found on the face of the globe.\\nOn the east side of the river the levee extends\\nto Baton Rouge, where it meets the highlands on\\nthe west side, it continues, with little interruption,\\nto the Arkansas line. On the east, above the\\nlevee, are the parishes of Baton Rogue and West\\nFeliciana. This latter received its appropriate\\nand expressive name from its beautifully variega-\\nted surface of fertile hills and valleys, and its rare\\ncombination of all the qualities that are most to be\\ndesired in a planting country. It is a region of\\nalmost fairy beauty and wealth. The soil literal-\\nly teems with the most luxuriant productions of\\nthis favored clime. The hills are covered with\\nlaurel, and forest trees of magnificent growth\\nand foliage, indicating a soil of the richest and\\nmost productive character. Here are some of the\\nwealthiest and most intelligent planters, and the\\nfinest plantations in the state, the region of prince-\\nly taste and luxury, and more than patriarchal\\nhospitality. The mouth of Bayou Sara, which\\nis the point of shipment for this productive re-\\ngion, transmits immense quantities of cotton to\\niMew Orleans. Some of the plantations on this\\nbayou have from five to eight hundred acres under\\ncultivation.\\nOn the western side of the Mississippi, are the\\nBayous Lafourche and Plaquemine, outlets, or", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0040.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "THE STATE OF LOUISIANA. 33\\narms of the Great River, and subject, of course,\\nto all its fluctuations. The bottoms bordering on\\nthese bayous are of the same luxuriant soil, as\\nthose on the parent stream, and are guarded from\\ninundation in the same manner, by levees. In\\nthis region, the sugar cane is exceedingly produc-\\ntive. It is estimated that, within a compass of\\nseven miles from Thibadeauxville, in the vicinity\\nof the Bayous Black and Terre Bonne, about one\\ntenth of the sugar crop of Louisiana is produced.\\nA considerable part of Attakapas is also very\\nproductive, as well as portions of Opelousas. The\\nlatter, however, is better adapted to grazing. The\\nTeche, which meanders through the former, and\\nthe eastern part of the latter, of these two parishes,\\nnever overflows its banks. The land rises from\\nthe river, in a regularly inclined plane towards\\nthe woods, affording free courses for the streams,\\nwhich discharge themselves into the bayou. The\\nsoil, therefore, cannot be called alluvial, though\\nin the most essential quality of productiveness, it\\nis scarcely inferior to the best of them. It is a\\nlovely region, the most beautiful, perhaps, in the\\nwhole Union, for agricultural purposes. But it\\nhas one great drawback, especially for the culti-\\nvation of sugar; there is a deficiency of ordi-\\nnary fire- wood though the live-oak abounds there\\nto such an extent, that Judge Porter once remarked\\nin Congress, that there was enough of it in At-\\n2*", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0041.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "34 THE STATE OF LOUISIANA.\\ntakapas, to supply the navies of the whole world\\nwith ship timber.\\nThe lands on the Atchafalaya are of an excel-\\nlent quality, and would afford a desirable opening\\nfor enterprising cultivators, if they were not liable\\nto frequent inundations, an evil which will doubt-\\nless be remedied, as the population and wealth of\\nthat section advances. Those on the Courtableau,\\nwhich runs through Opelousas, are equal in point\\nof fertility, to any in that parish. From thence,\\nproceeding northward, by Bayou Boeuf, we find,\\non that bayou, a soil which is regarded by many\\nas the best in the State for the cultivation of cot-\\nton. There is also land of an excellent quality\\non bayou Rouge, though it is, as yet, for the most\\npart, in the state of nature. The banks of the\\nBayou Robert, still further north, are of extraor-\\ndinary fertility, the cane brake, a sure evidence\\nof a very rich soil, flourishing with astonishing\\nluxuriance. Bayou Rapid, which gives its name\\nto the parish through which it runs, intersects one\\nof the most beautiful tracts in the state, which is\\nlaid out, on both sides of the bayou, through the\\nwhole length of its course, into the finest cotton\\nplantations.\\nThe bottoms of the Red River are well known\\nfor their fertility. Those which lie about its lower\\ncourses are justly esteemed the paradise of cotton\\nplanters. The soil is of a darkish red color, oc-", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0042.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "THE STATE OF LOUISIANA. 35\\ncasioned by the presence of the red oxide of iron.\\nIt is thought to derive its character of luxuriant\\nproductiveness from a portion of salt intimately-\\nblended with its constituents, which, from its ten-\\ndency to effloresce in a warm sun, renders the\\ncompound peculiarly friable. This soil is deep,\\nand has been accumulating for unknown ao-es,\\nfrom^ the spoils of the Mexican mountains, (a\\nspecies of natural annexation which the laws of\\nnations have no power to regulate,) and the vast\\nprairies which are washed by its upper courses.\\nThe rich valley of the Red River is of a mag.\\nniiicent breadth, and for the most part, where it\\nhas not been cleared for cultivation, covered with\\na dense growth of forest trees. All the bayous of\\nthis river, which are very numerous, branching\\noff in every direction, and intersecting every part\\nof this luxuriant valley, partake of the fertilizing\\ncharacter of the main stream.*\\nThere are few things among the works of na-\\nture, more remarkable than the floating prairies,\\nwhich are found upon the lakes bordering upon\\nthe coast of the Gulf. They seem to have been\\nformed by the natural aggregation of such veget-\\nMany of the preceding statements are the result of an ex-\\ntensive personal observation for others, the work is indebted\\nto McCulloch, a compilation of considerable value, but unfor-\\ntunately, not always to be relied on as authority. In some\\npoints, he is glaringly incorrect.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0043.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "36 THE STATE OF LOUISIANA.\\nable matter as lay suspended upon the surface of\\nthe water, supplied with a light substratum of soil,\\npartly by its own decay and disintegration, and\\npartly by attracting around its roots and fibres the\\nalluvial treasures with which all these waters\\nabound. From this, various kinds of grass and\\nweeds have sprung up, the roots of which have\\nbecome firmly interwoven with the subjacent mass,\\nmatting it completely together, and giving it all\\nthe appearance of a substantial island. It is often\\nseveral inches in thickness, and so nearly resem-\\nbles terra firma, that not only the sagacity of man,\\nt)ut even animal instinct has been deceived by it.\\nThese floating prairies are sometimes of great\\nextent, and are by no means confined to waters\\ncomparatively shoal. They literally cover the\\ndeeps in some cases, and a great deal of precau-\\ntion is necessary to avoid them, for, stable as they\\nlook at a distance, they are as unsubstantial as\\nshadows, so that boats may oftentimes be forced\\nthrough them. They are less trustv ^orthy than\\nquicksands, for the unlucky wight who should\\nadventure himself upon their deceitful appear-\\nances, would find himself entangled in a net of\\ninterminable extent, from which it would be im-\\npossible to extricate himself.\\nIt may not be deemed presumption, perhaps, to\\nsuggest, that the great Raft on the Red River\\nmay be a formation upon the same principle,", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0044.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "THE STATE OF LOUISIANA. 37\\nthough upon a more enlarged scale. The stream\\nbeing sluggish, and the alluvial deposit exceedingly\\nheavy and rich, the accumulation of a productive\\nsoil, and the consequent growth and entanglement\\nof roots would be very rapid and a foundation\\nwould ultimately be formed sufficiently stable and\\npermanent, to be travelled with safety. Floating\\ntrees from the upper courses, arrested by this ob-\\nstruction, would imbed themselves in the mass,\\nuntil, by continual accretions, it should become\\nwhat it now is, an impassable and almost irremo-\\nvable barrier to navigation.\\nThe Delta of the Mississippi is a region of ex-\\ntensive marshes. For many leagues, the lakes,\\ninlets and sounds, which dissect and diversify\\nthat amphibious wilderness, are connected by an\\ninextricable tissue of communications and passes,\\naccessible only by small vessels and bay craft,\\nand impossible to be navigated except by the most\\nexperienced pilots. It is a perfect labyrinth of\\nwaters, more difficult to unravel than those of\\nCrete and Lemnos. The shore is indented by\\nnumberless small bays, or coves, few of which\\nhave sufficient depth of water, to afford a shelter\\nfor vessels. Berwick and Barritaria Bays are\\nthe only ones of any considerable magnitude.\\nThe prairies which cover so large a portion of\\nthis State, are, for the most part, connected together,\\nas if the waters from which they were originally", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0045.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "38 THE STATE OF LOUISIANA.\\ndeposited had been an immense chain of lakes, all\\nfed from the same great source. And this was\\nundoubtedly the fact. They were all supplied\\nfrom the Mississippi, and their wonderful fertility\\nis derived from the alluvial riches of those inter-\\nminable regions, which are washed by the father\\nof rivers and his countless tributaries. Those\\nincluded under the general name of Attakapas,\\nare the first which occur on the west of the\\nMississippi. It is an almost immeasurable plain\\nof grass, extending from the Atchafalaya on the\\nnorth, to the Gulf of Mexico, on the south. Its\\ncontents are stated to be about five thousand\\nsquare miles. Being open to the Gulf, it is gene-\\nrally fanned by its refreshing breezes. To the\\ntraveller in those regions, who may have been toil-\\ning on his weary way through tangle, and swamp,\\nand forest, there is something indescribably agree-\\nable in this smooth and boundless sea of unrivalled\\nfertility, whose dim outline mingles with the blue\\nof the far off Gulf the whole vast plain covered\\nwith tall grass, waving and rippling in the breeze,\\nsprinkled with neat white houses, the abodes of\\nwealth, comfort and hospitality, and dotted with\\ninnumerable cattle and horses grazing in the\\nfields, or reposing here and there under the shade\\nof the wooded points. The sudden transition\\nfrom the rank cane, the annoying nettles, the\\nstifling air, and the pestilent mosquitoes, to this", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0046.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "THE STATE OF LOUISIANA. 39\\nopen expanse, and the cool salubrious breath of\\nthe ocean, is as delightful and reviving as an oasis\\nin the desert.\\nIn the nfiidst of this immense prairie, is situated\\nthe parish of Attakapas. This word, in the lan-\\nguage of the Aborigines, from whom it is derived,\\nsignified man-eater, the region having been oc-\\ncupied by Cannibals. Strange indeed, that the inha-\\nbitants of a climate so bland, and a soil so fertile,\\nshould possess the taste, or feel the necessity for\\nso revolting and unnatural a species of barbarism.\\nOpelousas prairie is still more extensive than\\nAttakapas, being computed to contain nearly ei^ht\\nthousand square miles. It is divided by bayous,\\nwooded grounds, points, and bends, and other nat-\\nural boundaries, into a number of smaller prairies,\\nwhich have separate names, and characteristics\\nmore or less distinctive. Taken in its whole extent,\\nit is bounded by the Attakapas prairie on the east,\\npine woods and hill on the north, the Sabine on\\nthe west, and the Gulf of Mexico on the south.\\nThe soil though in many places extremely fertile,\\nis generally less so than that of Attakapas. It\\nhas, however, a compensating advantage, being-\\ndeemed the healthiest region in the State. It em\\nbraces several large cotton plantations, and a con-\\nsiderable region devoted to the cultivation of the\\nsugar cane. The parish which bears its name is\\none of the most populous in Louisiana. It is the", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0047.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "40 THE STATE OF LOUISIANA.\\ncentre of the land of shepherds, the very Arcadia\\nof those who deal in domestic animals. To that\\nemployment, the greater part of the inhabitants\\nare devoted, and they number their flocks and\\nherds by thousands. On one estate five thousand\\ncalves were branded in the spring of 1845.\\nThe people of this district are distinguished for\\nthat quiet, easy, unostentatious hospitality, which\\nassures the visitor of his welcome, and makes him\\nso much at home, that he finds it difficult to realize\\nthat he is only a guest.\\nBellevue prairie lies partly in Opelousas, and\\npartly in Attakapas. Calcasieu and Sabine prairies\\nare only parts of the great plain, those names being\\ngiven to designate some of the varied forms and\\nopenings it assumes in its ample sweep from the\\nPlaquemine to the Sabine. They are, however,\\nthough but parts of a larger prairie, of immense\\nextent. The Sabine, seen from any point near its\\ncentre, seems, like the mid-ocean, boundless to the\\nview. The Calcasieu is seventy miles long, by\\ntwenty wide. Though, for the most part, so level\\nas to have the aspect of a perfect plain, the surface\\nis slightly undulated, with such a general, though\\nimperceptible declination towards the streams and\\nbayous by which it is intersected, as easily to carry\\noff the water, and prevent those unhealthy stagna-\\ntions which are so fatal in this climate. There is\\nalso a gentle slope towards the Gulf, along the shore", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0048.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "THE STATE OF LOUISIANA. 41\\nof which the vast plain terminates in low marshes\\noften entirely covered with the sea. These marsh-\\nes are overspread with a luxuriant growth of tall\\nreedy cane -grass.\\nOne of the most striking and peculiar features\\nof these prairies is found in the occasional patches\\nof timbered land, with which their monotonous\\nsurface is diversified and relieved. They are like\\nislands in the bosom of the ocean, but are for the\\nmost part so regular and symmetrical in their\\nforms, that one is with difficulty convinced that\\nthey are not artificial, planted by the hand of\\nman, in circles, squares, or triangles, for mere\\nornament. It is impossible for one who has not\\nseen them, to conceive of the effect produced by\\nthem, rising like towers of various forms, but\\neach regular in itself, from the midst of an ocean\\nof grass. Wherever a bayou or a stream crosses\\nthe prairie, its course is marked with a fringe of\\ntimber, the effect of which upon the eye of the\\nobserver is exceedingly picturesque, making a\\nbackground to the view in many instances, like\\nlines of trees in landscape painting.\\nAll the rivers, bayous, and lakes of this State\\nabound with alligators. On Red River, before it\\nwas navigated by steamboats, it was not uncom-\\nmon to see hundreds in a group along the banks, or\\ncovering the immense masses of floating and\\nstranded timber, bellowing like angry bulls, and", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0049.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "42 THE STATE OF LOUISIANA.\\nhuddled so closely together, that the smaller ones\\nwere obliged to get upon the backs of the larger.\\nAt one period, great numbers were killed for\\ntheir skins, which were made into leather for boots\\nand shoes, but not proving sufficiently cloye grained\\nto keep out the water, the experiment was abandon-\\ned. Alligators average from eight to twelve feet\\nin length. Some have been caught, measuring\\ntwenty feet.\\nThe fear is often entertained, and sometimes ex-\\npressed, that the levees of the Mississippi are not\\nsufficient to resist the great body of water that is\\ncontinually bearing and wearing upon them and\\nthese fears have, in several cases, been realized,\\nthough never to any very great extent. In May\\n1816 the river broke through, about nine miles\\nabove New Orleans, destroyed several plantations,\\nand inundated the back part of the city to the depth\\nof three or four feet. The crevasse was finally\\nclosed, by sinking a vessel in the breach, for the\\nsuggestion and accomplishment of which, the public\\nwas chiefly indepted to Governor Claiborne.\\nIn June, 1844, the river rose higher than it had\\ndone for many years, marking its whole course,\\nfor more than two thousand miles, with wide spread\\ndestruction to property and life. It crept over the\\nlevee in some places near New Orleans, but caused\\nno actual breach in that vicinity. At Bonnet Carre\\nit forced a crevasse, doing considerable damage and", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0050.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "THE STATE OF LOUISIANA. 43\\ncausing great alarm in the neighborhood but the\\nmischief was not so serious as might have been\\nanticipated, and the embankment has been so in-\\ncreased and strengthened, as to leave but little\\napprehension for the future.\\nTlie interests of Education in Louisiana, though\\nhitherto too much neglected, are now decidedly\\nand preceptibly advancing. In the higher depart-\\nments, are the College of Lousiana, at Jackson,\\nin Ea^t Feliciana; and Jefferson College in St.\\nJames parish, on the coast the former incor-\\nporated in 1825, the later in 1831. Both have\\nat various times, received generous donations\\nfrom the treasury of the state. Franklin College,\\nin Opelousas was also incorporated in 1831, under\\nthe same favorable auspices*\\nThe new constitution of Louisiana prescribes that the\\nlegislature shall establish free schools throughout the state,\\nappoint a superintendent of education, and provide means for\\ndefraying the expense by taxation. The proceeds from the\\nsale of all public lands granted by the United States, the estates\\nof deceased persons escheating to the state, as well as certain\\nother named emoluments, are to remain a perpetual fund,\\nsacredly to be applied to the support of such schools, A pro-\\nvision is also to be made for establishing a college in the city\\nof New Orleans, to be called the University of Louisiana, to\\nconsist of four faculties, viz. law, medicine, the natural sciences\\nand letters of which the Medical College of Louisiana, as now\\norganized, is to constitute the faculty of medicine. The legisla-\\nture is to be under no obligations to contribute to the support of\\nthis institution by appropriations.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0051.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "44 THE STATE OF LOUISIANA.\\nThere are also several Academies acting under\\nthe legal sanction of the State, although not\\nendowed by it. The Ursuline Nuns School and\\nthat of the Sisters of Charity the latter in the\\nparish of St. James, afford instruction in all the\\npolite branches of female education. The Con-\\nvent at Grand Coteau near Opelousas, has an\\naverage of about two hundred scholars and\\nefficient persons from France have the control\\nand direction of their education.\\nThe public schools, designed for the general\\nand gratuitous dissemination of knowledge among\\nall classes, have not only increased in number\\nbut havegeneraly outstripped those of the higher\\norder, by seizing at once upon all the improve-\\nments which the experience of teachers in other\\nparts of the country, and the world, has from\\ntime to time suggested. Mere innovations rather\\nhinder than advance the progress of education.\\nBut the simplest suggestion of an enlightened\\nexperience and a sound judgment, such as are\\nbrought to bear upon this great interest through-\\nout the whole of the nothern and eastern States,\\nis entitled to the profound regard of the Southern\\nphilanthropist, whose aim and ambition it should\\nbe, to make the most of every facility and to be\\nno whit behind the older, but not more wealthy\\nsections, in any thing that can promote the moral\\nand intellectual power of the masses of the people.", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0052.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "THE STATE OF LOUISIANA. 45\\nThe climate of Louisiana is hot and moist. In\\nthe neighborhood of the marshes, and in the sum-\\nmer season, it partakes of the unhealthy character\\nof nearly all tropical climates. Diseases of the\\nlungs, however, and other complaints so prevalent\\nat the north, are scarcely known and to many, the\\nquick consuming fever which finishes its work in a\\nfew days, may be considered but a fair offset to the\\nslow but sure consumption, which flatters its vic-\\ntims with the semblance of life and hope, while\\ndragging them through its long and dreary laby-\\nrinths, to the chambers of death.\\nThis climate is favorable to almost all the pro-\\nductions of the tropics. The sugar, the cotton\\nplant, the orange, the lemon, the grape, the mul-\\nbery, tobbaco, rice, maize, sweet potato, c., c.,\\nflourish in rich abundance, and some of them attain\\nto a luxuriance of growth scarcely known in any\\nother part of the world. Sugar and Cotton are the\\ntwo great staples. The former is confined chiefly\\nto that tract, which, by way of distinction, is called\\nthe coast, lying along the shores of the Gulf, and\\nthe bayous of the Mississippi.\\nThe average sugar crop of the whole state, is\\nnow about 180,000 hogsheads. That of cotton, for\\nthe last year is not ascertained, but the amount\\nproduced in the whole valley of the Mississippi,\\nsent to New Orleans for export in 1843, was 1,088-\\n000 bales. Owing to the large extension of the cot-", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0053.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "46 THE STATE OF LOUISIANA.\\nton growing districts, and excessive competition in\\nits manufacture, the cultivation ofcotton yields less\\nprofit tlian it formerly did, and there seems to be\\nno substantial reason why it should not, in some de-\\ngree, give place to sugar, at least until the latter\\ncan be furnished in sufficient quantity to supply the\\ndomestic consumption. Under the ordinary increase\\nof population, the utmost exertions of the cane plan-\\nters will hardly arrive at such a result, in half a\\ncentury to come.\\nWhile on this subject, it will not, I trust, be\\ndeemed irrelevant or officious, to place before the\\nreader the suggestions of an intelligent gentleman\\nof New Orleans, in regard to the present mode of\\ncultivating and manutacturing sugar. He observes\\nthat in order to carry on the business to advantage,\\nand compete favorably with those already estab-\\nlished, a large capital is required, since in addition\\nto the ground to be cultivated, and the hands to be\\nemployed in the field, expensive i^iills and machine-\\nry must be set up, and kept ii motion, with a large\\nnumber of laborers in attendance. Consequently\\nno man in moderate circumstances can undertake\\nthis branch of business, as it is now conducted. To\\nobviate this difficulty, and extend the cultivation\\nand manufacture nf this important staple, he pro-\\nposes a division of labor and profit, like that which\\nprevails in the grain growing and milling regions\\nof the north. The farmer sells his wheat, at a fair", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0054.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "THE STATE OF LOtnSIANA. 47\\nmarket value, to the miller, or pays him a stipula-\\nted percentage for grinding and bolting. In the\\nsame manner might the business here be divided\\ninto two distinct branches. The planter might\\nsell his cane to the miller, or pay him the estab-\\nlished price for converting it into sugar and mo-\\nlasses. This would enable men of comparatively\\nsmall means to undertake the cultivation of the\\ncane, who now confine themselves to cotton, and\\nthus relieve the larger cultivators of the latter\\nstaple from the dangers of over production.\\nCasting our eyes back to no very distant period,\\nand noticing the small beginnings of our early\\nplanters of cotton, the reader will pardon the in-\\ntroduction of a trifling anecdote. During the year\\n1784, only sixty years since, and therefore within\\nthe memory of many now living, an American\\nvessel, having eighty hales o^ cotton on board, was\\nseized at Liverpool, on the plea that so large an\\namount of cotton could not have been produced\\nin the United States. The shipment in 1785\\namounted to 14 bales, in 1786 to 6, in 1787 to\\n109, 1788 to 389, in 1789 to 842. An old Caro-\\nlina planter, having gathered his crop of five acres,\\nwas so surprised and alarmed at the immense\\namount they yielded, which was fifteen bales, that\\nhe exclaimed well, well I have done with cot-\\non he re is enough to make stockings for all the", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0055.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "48 THE STATE OF LOUISIANA.\\npeople in America! The cotton crop of the\\nUnited States for 1844 was 2,300,000 bales.\\nThe fluctuations in the foreign cotton market,\\nwithin a few years past, have produced, among\\nscientific agriculturalists and experienced planters,\\nno little speculation upon the course which a due\\nregard to their own interests requires them to\\npursue. It is not to be wondered at, that in a\\ncountry so vast, so luxuriantly fertile as ours, and\\nteeming with the most enterprising and industri-\\nous population on the face of the earth, the strict\\nrelations of supply and demand should be occa-\\nsionally disturbed in some of the many abundant\\nproductions of the soil. It is always a difficult\\nproblem to solve, especially where the field is\\nvery large, and the producers many, and constant-\\nly increasing. In attempting to meet it, the first\\nquestion to be answered is, does the present supply\\ngreatly overreach the present demand\\nAn intelligent writer in Hunt s Merchant s\\nMagazine for October, 1844, Henry Lee, Esq.,\\nhas placed this subject, so far as he has there pur-\\nsued it, in a very clear light. He commences by\\nstating that the consumption of cotton in Europe,\\nother than the production of America and India,\\nis too insignificant to have any impor|tant bearing\\nupon prices. He goes on to show that the value\\nplaced upon tlie article at present, is quite suffi-\\ncient, and that the advantage it gives to the manu-", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0056.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "THE STATE OF LOUISIANA. 49\\nfacturer of New England, whose operations are\\nvastly increasing, renders him a successful com-\\npetitor to those of Great Britain and nothing but\\nan inflated currency, or imprudent speculations\\ncan produce an advance. And any advance so\\nprocured must inevitably be followed by a ruinous\\nreaction. He shows that, through the agency of\\nthe British manufacturers, and the exporters of\\ntheir goods to countries beyond the Cape of Good\\nHope, a considerable quantity of American grown\\ncotton had been sent to those regions, in the form\\nof manufactures and twist, over and above the\\namount of Indian grown cotton consumed in the\\nfactories of England. This simple fact, which is\\ndemonstrated as clearly as figures can speak, com-\\npletely nullifies the importation of cotton from that\\nquarter.\\nThe proportion of raw cotton, other than the\\nproduce of the United States and India, used in\\nthe manufactures of Great Britain, is very small,\\nand constantly diminishing in quantity. After\\nproducing statistical e\\\\ idence, Mr. hee arrives at\\nthe satisfactory result that the consumption of\\ncotton from the United States and India, is as\\nninety-four to one hundred, leaving, for all other\\nsources of supply, only six per cent. With such\\na ratio as this, and the competition constantly de-\\nclining, it is manifest that we have nothing to fear\\nfrom rival producers.\\n3", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0057.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "50 THE STATE OF LOUISIANA.\\nThe delicate enquiry now arises, can the\\nAnnerican planter sustain himself under existing\\nprices Or, can he, by the exercise of better\\neconomy, make his labors more productive It\\nseems to me, if it will not be presuming too far\\nto offer the suggestion, that there should be an\\nunderstanding between the larger and more intel-\\nligent planters, in relation to these points, and that\\nthey should, for their own individual and collective\\ninterests, consider, whether it would not be better\\npartially to restrain the cultivation of this staple,\\nrather than permit it to increase beyond the known\\nand certain demands of commerce. The question\\nincreases in importance, as the cotton growing\\nregion enlarges, by the admission of the lone\\nstar into the constellation of Freedom. While\\nit secures to the United States forever almost the\\nentire monopoly of production, it puts it in her\\npower, by a judicious combination among her\\ngreat producers, to command a fair compensating\\nprice for cotton. Without some such combination,\\nor, which is equivalent to the same thing, a pre-\\nvailing disposition on the part of the planters,\\nrather to wait for a demand than to anticipate,\\nor endeavor to create it, there will always be a\\nsurplus stock in the market, which, however\\ninsignificant, will affect the price of the whole\\ncrop.\\nThe luxuriant soil of Louisiana is capable of", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0058.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "THE STATE OF LOUISIANA. 51\\nof producing many articles even more lucrative\\nthan cotton, of which there is no immediate dan-\\nger of creating an over supply. For some of\\nthem, there is a very large and increasing home\\nconsumption, as well as an active demand in other\\nparts of the world that are open to our commerce.\\nOf sugar, I have spoken already. Madder, silk,\\nhemp, tobacco, may also be mentioned, as pro-\\nmising sure results to any who are disposed to\\ntry them. Under the impression that, in view of\\nwhat I have already presented, the subject will be\\ninteresting to my readers, I shall venture to add\\na few words in relation to some of the above-\\nmentioned articles.\\nMadder,* {rubia iinctornm,) the roots of a plant,\\nwhich consist of several varieties. They are\\nlong and slender varying from the thickness of\\na goose quill, to that of the little finger. They\\nare semi-transparent, of a reddish color, have a\\nstrong smell, and a smooth bark. Madder is very\\nextensively used in dying red and, though the\\ncolor which it imparts be less bright and beauti-\\nful than that of cochineal, it has the advantage\\nof being cheaper and more durable. It is a\\nnative of the south of Europe, Asia Minor, and\\nIndia but has long since been introduced intOj\\nFor many satisfactory particulars, see McCuUoch s Com-\\nmercial Dictionaiy, under article Madder.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0059.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "52 THE STATE OF LOUISIANA.\\nand successfully cultivated in Holland, Alsace,\\nProvence, c. The attempt to cultivate it in\\nEngland, like that of Indian corn, has proved a\\ncomplete failure. The English, for a long time,\\ndepended upon Holland for their supplies but\\nnow large quantities are imported from France\\nand Turkey, under a duty of two shillings sterling\\non the manufactured, and sixpence on the roots.\\nThe duties, formerly, were much higher.\\nThe plant is raised from seed, and requires three\\nyears to come to maturity. It is, however, often\\npulled in eighteen months, without injury to\\nthe quality, the quantity only being smaller. It\\nrequires a light vegetable mould, that retains the\\ngreatest quantity of water and adheres the least\\nto the tools. When the soil is impregnated with\\nan alkaline matter, the root acquires a red color,\\nin other cases it is yellow. The latter is preferred\\nin England, from the long habit of using Dutch\\nmadder, which is of this color but in France, the\\nred sells at a higher price, being used for Turkey\\nred die.\\nThe Zealand or Dutch madder is prepared for\\nmarket in a manufactured state and is known in\\ntrade by the terms, mull, gamene, ombro, and crops.\\nIn some other countries, the roots are packed up\\npromiscuously, and the article is sold by the quin-\\ntal. The price of madder, like every thing else, is\\naffected by the quantity in market, and ranges in", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0060.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "THE STATE OF LOUISIANA. 53\\nFrance from its minimum 22, to 100 francs a quin-\\ntal. It does not deteriorate by age. The quantity\\nused in this country is very considerable but\\nnothing equal to that required in Great Britain.\\nFor the particular manner of cultivating madder,\\nthe reader is referred to an excel lent essay upon that\\nsubject, from the pen of M. De Casparin, which\\nwas laid before the Academy of Sciences at Paris,\\nand a prize awarded to its author.\\nThe mulberry is grown with little difficulty in\\nthese latitudes, and therefore, silk may be pro-\\nduced in abundance, and rendered an article of\\ndomestic and commercial consequence. Planta-\\ntions have already been commenced in several of\\nthe parishes, which will soon test the feasibility of\\nthe undertaking. A gentleman by the name of\\nVasseur, recently from France, has purchased\\nland and made preparations to enter into that busi-\\nness, under many years of experience. In the parish\\nof St. James, particularly, considerable attention is\\nbeing paid to the culture of silk. It would be ex-\\ntremely gratifying to be able to lay the result of\\nthese experiments before the reader; but the\\nnecessary information is not at hand.\\nHemp is raised in Missouri and Kentucky to\\nsome extent, as the quantities annually landed on\\nthe levee in New Orleans afford ample evidence.\\nThe demand for it will be good for many years,\\nand the hint should not be neglected by the citi-", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0061.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "54 THE STATE OF LOUISIANA.\\nzeiis of Louisiana, who possess the higher grounds,\\nwhich are calculated for its production. When\\nit is considered that this is a raw material of vast\\ndemand, which has heretofore been furnished from\\nabroad, there can scarcely be any excuse for\\nneglecting the culture, provided the profits be\\nequal to those on sugar and cotton. The time\\nmay come, when even foreign nations will look to\\nthis republic for cordage and duck at all events,\\nwe should not depend upon them for articles neces-\\nsary for domestic purposes, and especially for\\nthose which may with propriety be classed among\\nthe sinews of war.\\nSpecimens of tohacco, the produce of seed\\nimported from Cuba, have been exhibited in this\\nmarket, which are very little, if any, inferior to\\nthe best from that island. These samples were\\nraised by a gentleman who resides near Jackson,\\nwho took no extraordinary pains in the cultiva-\\ntion. The segars manufactured from them would\\npass, among good judges, for the best Havana.\\nThis planter is of opinion that he can very much\\nimprove the crops, by bestowing as much care\\nupon them as is given to the same pursuit in Cuba,\\nand there can be little reason to question his\\nassertion.\\nThe Natchitoches tobacco stands higher abroad,\\nparticularly for snuff, than any other. This\\narticle is so well known in France, and many other", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0062.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "THE STATE OF LOUISIANA. 55\\nplaces, that those who are engaged in planting it,\\nboast that it requires no protective duties, as it will\\nbe quite able to take care of itself.\\nThe only drawback upon the cultivation of to-\\nbacco, in this state, is the worm, which begins its\\ndepredations in early sumnner. But much loss by\\nthis annoyance might be avoided, by forcing the\\nplants in their early stage, in a hot-house, so that\\nthey might sooner be brought to maturity, and two\\nclippings be made before the advent of the worm.\\nThe thin soil on lake Pontchartrain is found to\\nbe well adapted to the vine. Already, considera-\\nble progress has been made in its cultivation in\\nthat neighbourhood, and grapes are abundantly\\nfurnished for the New Orleans market. There\\nis no doubt that wine might be produced in\\nabundance.\\nIndigo, one of the oldest products of this state.\\nhas been superseded by the sugar cane. Whether\\nthe planter has found more advantage in the latter\\nthan in the former cultivation, can only be inferred\\nfrom his continuing to pursue it for the maxim,\\nthat trade will regulate itself, is nearly as appli-\\ncable to agriculture as to commerce.\\nGrazing, although it has been carried to a great\\nextent in Attakapas and Opelousas, has never\\nproved so lucrative as might be supposed. Many\\nof the cattle perish there during winter, for the\\nwant of proper nourishment. There is a grass.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0063.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "56 THE STATE OF LOUISIANA.\\nhowever, known by the name of muskeet, an ever-,\\ngreen, which flourishes abundantly in Texas,\\nspreads rapidly, is exceedingly nutritious, and\\nmuch sought for by animals, and might easily be\\nintroduced into these prairies. This improvement\\nwould make this section of country the best for\\ngrazing in the United States. More attention is\\nbeing paid to breeding cattle, and the improvement\\nof stock, than formerly. Sheep may be raised\\namong the hills, in and about Natchitoches, in\\nalmost any numbers. In Lafourche, also, al-\\nthough they are of small size, they are fat and of\\nfine flavor. This is a business which is yet in\\nits infancy here. The capabilities for its extension\\nare immense, and there is no doubt that the enter-\\nprise of the inhabitants will soon find means to\\nmake it profitable. The mutton of this state is\\nalready superior to any produced in the Union\\ngood judges in these matters have even pronounced\\nit to be equal to the best English.\\nThe minerals of Louisiana, so far as known,\\nare very limited. Lead has only been found in\\nfragments and none of these have proved to be\\nrich. Valuable beds of gypseous marl exist in\\nIhe vicinity of the Wachita, which admit of being\\nworked to great advantage. Lignite coal has been\\ndiscovered in tertiary formations, which never\\npresent any article of this kind beyond an ordina-\\nry quality, the better being always confined to the", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0064.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "THE STATE OF LOUISIANA. 57\\nsecondary strata. On the lands north of lake\\nPontchartrain, clay exists of an excellent quality\\nand very pure, suitable for manufacturing not only\\nthe best bricks, but pottery of all kinds. It is to\\nbe hoped that this will remedy the great evil that\\nNew Orleans has hitherto experienced, by the use\\nof a bad material for buildings. This has arisen\\nfrom the employment of a substance too near the\\nsurface of the earth whereas, by going a little\\ndeeper, a prime clay is obtained, that would bid\\ndefiance, when well burnt, to the humidity peculiar\\nto this southern atmosphere.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0065.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "NEW ORLEANS.\\nMouth of the Mississippi.\\nNew Orleans, the capital of Louisiana, stands\\non the right side of the Mississippi, in ascending,\\nninety-two miles from its mouth. The river here\\nmakes a considerable bend to the northeast, and\\nthe city occupies the north-western side, although\\nits situation is east of the general course of the\\nstream. It is in latitude SO 57 north, longitude\\n90\u00c2\u00ae 8 west by the river 301 miles below Natch-\\nez 1220 miles below St. Louis; 1040 below\\nCairo, at the mouth of the Ohio 2004 below", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0066.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "E^V ORLEANS.\\n59\\nPittsburg and 1244 southwest from Washington\\ncity.\\nIn 1718, Bienville, then governor of the pro-\\nvince, explored the banks of the Mississippi, in\\norder to choose a spot for the chief settlement,\\nwhich had hitherto been at Biloxi. He selected\\nthe present site, and left fifty men to clear the\\nground, and erect the necessary buildings. Much\\nopposition was made, both by the military and the\\ndirectors of the Western Company, to removing\\nthe seat of government to this place. Another\\nobstacle, for a while, threatened almost insur-\\nmountable difficulties to his design. In 1719, the\\nMississippi rose to an extraordinary height and,\\nas the company did not possess sufficient force to\\nprotect the spot from inundation, by dykes and\\nlevees, it was for a time abandoned. In the\\nNovember of 1722, however, in pursuance of\\norders, Delorme removed the principal establish-\\nment to New Orleans. In the following year,\\nagreeably to Charlevoix, it consisted only of one\\nhundred cabins, placed with little order, a large\\nwooden warehouse, two or three dwelling-houses,\\nand a miserable store-house, which had been used\\nas a chapel, a mere shed being then the only accom-\\nmodation afforded for a house of prayer. The\\npopulation did not exceed two hundred Thus\\ncommenced what is now called the Crescent\\ncity; which, in a commercial point of view, and", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0067.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "60 NEW ORLEANS.\\nin proportion to the number of its inhabitants, has\\nnot an equal upon the face of the globe.\\nDuring the same year, a party of German emi-\\ngrants, who had been disappointed by the financier.\\nLaw, of settling on lands granted to him in Ar-\\nkansas, descended the river to New Orleans, in\\nthe hope of obtaining passage to France but the\\ngovernment being either unwilling or unable to\\ngrant it, small allotments of land were apportioned\\nthem, on what is now called the German Coast.\\nThese people supplied the city with garden stuffs\\nand most of their descendants, with large acces-\\nsions from the old country, still cultivate the same\\nland, upon a much improved scale.\\nIn September of this year, the capital was\\nvisited by a terrible hurricane, which levelled to the\\nground the church, if such it might be called, the\\nhospital, and thirty houses and three vessels that\\nlay in the river were driven ashore. So destructive\\nwas it to the crops and gardens, that a scarcity of\\nprovisions was the consequence and such was\\nthe distress, that several of the inhabitants seriously\\nthought of abandoning the colony.\\nIn the summer of 1727, the Jesuits and Ursuline\\nnuns arrived. The fathers were placed on a tract\\nof land now forming the lowest part of the faux-\\nbourg St. Mary. The nuns were temporarily\\nlodged in a house in the corner of Chartres and\\nBienville streets but, soon after, the company laid", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0068.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "NEW ORLEANS. 61\\nthe foundation of the edifice in Conde and Ursuline\\nstreets, to which they were removed in 1730 this\\nplace was occupied by them until the great value of\\nthe land induced them to divide the larger portion of\\nit into lots. Their new convent was erected about\\ntwo miles below the city, and there they removed\\nin 1824. At this period, the council house and\\njail were built, on the upper side of the Cathedral.\\nIn 1763, Clement XIII expelled the Jesuits from\\nthe dominions of the kings of France, Spain and\\nNaples. They were, consequently, obliged to\\nleave Louisiana. Their property in New Orleans\\nwas seized, and sold for about one hundred and\\neighty thousand dollars. It is now estimated to be\\nworth upwards of fifteen millions. At the time of\\nthe expulsion of this order, they owned the grounds\\nwhich are now occupied by the second munici-\\npality. The valuable buildings in which they\\ndwelt, were situated in Gravier and Magazine\\nstreets. Some of them were pulled down to make\\nroom for the late banking house of the Canal bank,\\non the corner of those streets, [t is computed, that\\nmore than one half of the real estate in this city,\\nis derived from the confiscation of the property of\\nthe Jesuits, under legal proceedings had by order\\nof the French government. The archives of the\\nfirst municipality contain many interesting and\\ncurious documents in relation to these proceedings,\\nthat are well worth examination.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0069.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "62\\nNEW ORLEANS.\\nThe first visitation of the yellow fever was in\\n1769. Since that time it has continued to be almost\\nan annual scourge. It was introduced into this con-\\ntinent, in the above named year, hy a British vessel,\\nfrom the coast of Africa, with a cargo of slaves.\\nIn addition to this affliction, (the yellow fever above\\nalluded to,) the colony was, during the year 1769,\\ntransferred to Spain, and the capital was taken\\npossession of by O Reilly, with a show of military\\npower, and an individual diposition to oppress, that\\nbrought equal disgrace upon himself, and upon the\\ngovernment that commissioned him. The com-\\nmerce of this city suffered very much from the\\nrestrictive colonial system of Spain. This, how-\\never, was removed in 1778, (a year memorable\\nfor a fire that burnt nine hundred houses at one\\ntime) and, in 1782, the mercantile interest of the\\nplace was benefited by still further extended privi-\\nleges of trade.\\nThe census of 1785 gives to the city a population\\nof 4,780, exclusive of the settlements in the imme-\\ndiate vicinity.\\nIn consequence of the commercial advantages\\nabove alluded to, a number of merchants from\\nFrance established themselves here, and British\\ntrading vessels navigated the Mississippi. They\\nwere a species of marine pedlars, stopping to trade\\nat any house, by making fast to a tree, and receiv-\\ning in payment for merchandize, whatever the", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0070.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "NEW ORLEANS. 63\\nplanter had to spare, or giving him long credits.\\nThe Americans, at that time, commenced the\\nestablishment of that trade from the west to New\\nOrleans, which has been steadily increasing ever\\nsince. The idea of this traffic was first conceived\\nby General Wilkinson. A lucrative business was\\nalso conducted by the Philadelphians, which the\\ncolonial authorities winked at for a while but the\\nSpanish minister, finding that he did not participate\\nin the profits of it, as the Americans refused to com-\\nply with his hints to consign to his friends, put a\\nstop to it. He procured a list of the names of\\nthe vessels, severely reprimanded the intendant,\\nNavarro, and so worked upon his fears that he\\nbegan to prosecute all infringements of the reve-\\nnue laws, seizing the vessels, confiscating the goods\\nand imprisoning the owners, captains and crews.\\nThe venal minister, perceiving that he had rendered\\nhimself extremely unpopular by his intermeddling\\nwith the commerce between Philadelphia and New-\\nOrleans, finally released all the individuals he\\nhad imprisoned, restoring the confiscated prop-\\nerty, and discontinuing any further interference.\\nThe trade immediately received a new impulse\\nand was greatly increased. General Wilkinson at\\nthe same time obtained permission to send one or\\nmore launches loaded with tobacco, from Kentucky.\\nSoon after, many Americans availed themselves", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0071.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "64 NeV ORLEANS.\\nof a privilege which was granted, of settling in the\\ncountry.\\nThe first company of French comedians arrived\\nhere in 1791. They came from Cape Francois,\\nwhence they made their escape from the revolted\\nslaves. Others from the same quarter opened\\nacademies the education of youth having hitherto\\nbeen confined to the priests and nuns.\\nThe baron Carondelet, in 1792, divided the city\\ninto four wards. He recommended lighting it, and\\nemploying watchmen. The revenue did not\\namount to seven thousand dollars, and to meet the\\ncharges for the purchase of lamps and oil, and to\\nto pay watchmen, a tax of one dollar and an eighth\\nwas levied upon chimneys.\\nHe also commenced new fortifications around the\\ncapital. A fort was erected where the mint now\\nstands, and another at the foot of Canal street.\\nA strong redoubt was built in Rampart street, and\\nat each of the angles of the now city proper.\\nThe Baron also paid some attention to training the\\nmilitia. In the city, there were four companies of\\nvolunteers, one of artillery, and two of riflemen,\\nconsisting of one hundred men each, making an\\naggregate force of 700 men.\\nA great extension was given to business in Febru-\\nary of this year. The inhabitants were now\\npermitted to trade freely in Europe and America,\\nwherever Spain had formed treaties for the regu-", "height": "2713", "width": "1601", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0072.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "NEW ORLEANS. 65\\nlation of commerce. The merchandise thus im-\\nported, was subject to a duty of fifteen per cent;\\nand exports to six per cent. With the Peninsula\\nit was free.\\nIn 1795 permission was granted by the king to\\ncitizens of the United States, during a period of\\nten years, to deposit merchandise at New Orleans.\\nThe succeeding year, the city was visited by an-\\nother conflagration, which destroyed many houses.\\nThis reduced the tax upon chimneys so much, that\\nrecourse was had to assessing wheat, bread and\\nmeat, to defray the expense of the city light and\\nwatch.\\nAt the time of the transfer to the United States,\\nthe public property consisted of two large brick\\nstores, running from the levee on each side of Main\\nstreet, (which were burnt in 1822,) a government\\nhouse, at the corner of Levee and Toulouse streets,\\n(which also suffered a similar fate in 1826,) a\\nmilitary hospital, and a powder magazine, on the\\nopposite side of the river, which was abandoned a\\nfew years since an old frame custom house ex-\\ntensive barracks below those now remaining five\\nmiserable redoubts, a town house, market house,\\nassembly room and prison, a cathedral and pres-\\nbytery, and a charity hospital. At this memorable\\nera, the grounds which now constitute that thriving\\nportion of the city, known as the second munici-\\npality, were mostly used as a plantation. It was", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0073.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "QG NEW ORLEANS.\\nthe property of a wealthy citizen named Gravier,\\nafter whom one of the principal streets that runs\\nthrough the property has been called. How has\\nthe scene changed At this moment it contains\\na population of nearly fifty thousand, and has be-\\ncome the centre of the business, and enterprize,\\nand beauty of the city.\\nIn 1804 New Orleans was made a port of entry\\nand delivery, and Bayou St. John a port of delivery.\\nThe first act of incorporation was granted to\\nthe city, by the legislative council of the territory,\\nin 1805, under the style of the Mayor, Alder-\\nmen and inhabitants of the city of New Orleans.\\nThe officers were a mayor, recorder, fourteen\\naldermen, and a treasurer. This year, a branch of\\nthe United States bank was established in this\\ncapital.\\nThe population of the city and suburbs, in\\n1810, amounted to 24,552 having been trebled\\nin seven years, under the administration of its\\nnew government. The prosperity of its trade\\nincreased in an equal ratio.\\nAt that time, the city extended no further down\\nthan Esplanade street, with the exception of here\\nand there a villa scattered along the levee nor\\nabove, further than Canal street, unless occasion-\\nally a house occupying a square of ground. A\\nfew dwellings had been erected on Canal and\\nMagazine streets, but it was considered to be get-", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0074.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "NEW ORLEANS.\\nting quite into the country, to go beyond the Pola?-\\nStar Lodge, which was at the corner of Camp and\\nGravier streets. [The progress of this municipality\\nhas been greatly increased by the act for the\\ndivision of the city, passed by the Legislature in\\n1836, by which the second municipality acquired\\nthe exclusive control of its own affairs.]\\nThere was not then a paved street in the city.\\nThe late Benjamin Morgan, who, some time after,\\nmade the first attempt, was looked upon as a vision-\\nary. The circumstance which gave an impulse to\\nimprovements in the second municipality, was the\\nerection of the American theatre, on Camp street,\\nby James H. Caldwell, Esq., the only access to\\nwhich, for long a time, was over fiat-boat gunwales.\\nThis was in 1823-4. He was ridiculed for his\\nfolly, and derided as a madman but time proved\\nhis foresight. He was soon followed by a crowd\\nthat gave life and energy to that section; and, in\\na few years, through the enterprise of others of a\\nsimilar spirit, the suburb of St. Mary has reached\\nto its present advanced state of elegance and pros-\\nperity. I\\nThe block where the Merchants Exchange has\\nsince been built, was then occupied by a row of\\nfrail wooden shanties and the corner of Royal\\nand Custom house streets, where the bank now\\nstands, was tenanted by Scot, who now furnishes\\nfood for his hundreds a day directly opposite, and", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0075.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "68 NEW ORLEANS,\\nwho laid the foundation of his fortune, in the tene-\\nment that was removed to make room for the pre-\\nsent beautiful edifice-\\nSome of the old Frenchmen in the city proper,\\nwho have rarely trusted themselves three squares\\nbeyond their favorite cabaret, are very incredulous\\nof the reported progress and improvement in the\\nfauxbourg St. Mary. A few years since, a gen-\\ntleman of the second municipality asked the old\\ncabaret keeper, who has made himself illustrious\\nand wealthy by vending, to the habitues of the\\nlower market, a drink of his own compounding,\\ncalled pig and whistle why he did not come up\\ninto the fauxbourg St. Mary, and see the buildings?\\nat the same time describing the St. Charles Ex-\\nchange, the Theatre, the Verandah, Banks Arcade,\\nthe magnificent stores, ;c. The old Frenchman,\\nlistened in doubting wonder for some time at\\nlast, however, his faith and his gravity both gave\\nway, and he burst into a laugh, exclaiming, ah\\nMonsieur B. dat is too much You von varry\\nfunny fellow I no believe vat you say its only\\nvon grand vot you call it vere de mud, de alli-\\ngator, and de bull frog live von grand grand\\nmud swamp, vere you say is von grand city, I\\nno believe it\\nThe city proper is bounded by Canal, Rampart,\\nand Esplanade streets, and on the river by the\\nlevee, on which it extended about thirteen hundred", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0076.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "NEW ORLEANS. 69\\nyards, and back about seven hundred in the form\\nof a parallelogram.\\nThis portion is traversed by twenty-two streets,\\nforming eighty-four principal and fourteen minor\\nsquares. The whole extent of the city, including\\nthe incorporated fauxbourgs and Lafayette, is not\\nless than five miles on a line with the river, and\\nrunninsr an average of half a mile in width.\\nThe houses are chiefly constructed with bricks,\\nexcept a few ancient and dilapidated dwellings in\\nthe heart of the city, and some new ones in the\\noutskirts. Wooden buildings are not permitted\\nto be built, under present regulations, within what\\nare denominated the fire limits. The modern\\nstructures, particularly in the second municipality,\\nare generally three and four stories high, and are\\nembellished with handsome and substantial granite\\nor marble fronts. The public buildings are\\nnumerous and many of them will vie with any of\\nthe kind in our sister cities. A particular descrip-\\ntion of these will be found in the ensuing pages.\\nThe view of New Orleans from the river, in as-\\ncending or descending, is beautiful and imposing\\nseen from the dome of the St. Charles Exchange, it\\npresents a panorama at once magnificent and sur-\\nprising. In taking a lounge through the lower\\npart of the city, the stranger finds a difficulty in\\nbelieving himself to be in an American city. The\\nolder buildings are of ancient and foreign construe-", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0077.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "70 NEW ORLEANS.\\ntion, and the manners, customs and language are\\nvarious the population being composed, in nearly-\\nequal proportions, of American, French, Creoles,\\nand Spaniards, together with a large portion\\nof Germans, and a good sprinkling from almost\\nevery other nation upon the globe.\\nThe Water Works constantly supply the people\\nwith water forced from the Mississippi, by the\\nagency of steam, into a reservoir, whence by\\npipes it is sent all over the city. This water is\\nwholesome and palatable.\\nGas was introduced into New Orleans, through\\nthe enterprize of James H. Caldwell, Esq., in\\n1834 he having lighted his theatre with it several\\nyears previous. The dense part of the city is\\nnow lighted by it and the hotels, stores, shops,\\nand many dwelling-houses within reach, have\\navailed themselves of the advantages it offers.\\nIn the summer of 1844, a fire destroyed about\\nseven blocks of buildings between Common and\\nCanal streets, near the charity Hospital. The\\nground has since been occupied with much better\\nbuildings, and presents a very improved appear-\\nance.\\nThe population of New Orleans, after it was\\nceded to the United States, increased very rapidly.\\nAt the time of the transfer, there were not eight\\nthousand inhabitants.", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0078.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "NEW ORLEANS.\\n71\\nIn 1810\\n1815\\n1820\\n1825\\n1830\\n1840\\nBlacks.\\n8001\\n19,737\\nWhites.\\n16,551\\n21,614\\n28,530\\nTotal\\n24,552\\n32,947\\n41,350\\n45,336\\n49,826\\n102,191\\nand, at the present period there are, probably one\\nhundred and thirty thousand. During 1844 there\\nwere more buildings erected than any previous\\nyear notwithstanding which, tenements are in\\ngreat demand, and rents continue high. It will\\nnot be a matter of surprize, if the number of in-\\nhabitants at the next census, 1850, should be over\\none hundred and sixty thousand.\\nThe first ordinance for the establishment of a\\nboard of health in this city, (so far as known, )was\\npassed by the general council in June, of 1841,*\\nThe board consisted of nine members three al-\\ndermen, three physicians, and three private citi-\\nzens. It Avas invested with ample powers to adopt\\nand enforce such sanitary regulations as were\\nthought conducive to the health of the city. This\\nboard performed all its functions well during the\\nfirst year of its existence. The second year there\\nwas a falling off; but a dissolution did not take\\nplace till 1843. In 1844, the board of health\\nSee New Orleans Medical Journal; vol. 1, part 2, July, 1S44.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0079.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "72 NEW ORLEANS.\\nhaving ceased to officiate, the general council invi-\\nted the medico-chirurgical society to take charge\\nof this duty. This proposition was accepted, and\\na committee of nine members appointed, with full\\npower to act as aboard of health. If this body do\\ntheir duty, as there is no reason to doubt they will,\\nmuch benefit may be expected to result. Their\\nadvice to citizens, and strangers who were unacli-\\nmated, on the approach of the warm weather of\\n1844, was certainly marked with a great degree\\nof good sense and seasonable caution. They will\\nnow be looked up to as the great conservators of the\\nhealth of the city and, it is to be hoped that pub-\\nlic expectation will not be disappointed.\\nThe following abstract of a Meteorological Jour-\\nnal for 1844 was obligingly furnished by D. T.\\nLillie, Esq., of New Orleans, a gentleman whose\\nscientific acquirements are a sure guaranty for\\nits accuracy. The thermometer (a self register-\\ning one) used for these observations, is not attach-\\ned to the barometer, and is placed in a fair\\nexposure. Hours of observation, 8 A. M., 2 P. M.,\\nand 8 P. M. The barometer is located at an\\nelevation of 28 feet above the level of the ocean\\nand is suspended clear of the wall of the building.\\nThe rain guage is graduated to the thousandth\\npart of an inch, and the receiver of it is elevated\\n40 feet from the ground.", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0080.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "NEW ORLEANS.\\nMETEOROLOGICAL TABLE.\\n73\\nThermometer. Barometer.\\nauan. j\\n1844.\\nMonths.\\n1\\ntjC\\nof Rain.l\\nMax.\\nIcnths.\\ntenths.\\ntenths.\\nMax.\\nhund.\\n2 1\\no\\n^1\\nS !0\\nc: a\\n1^\\n1\\n4\\nc\\n3\\nI\\nJanuary,\\n79.5 36.5| 43.0 30.38\\n29.73\\n0.65\\n11\\nS. E.\\n2.4\\n4\\n966\\nFebruary,\\n81.0 40.0 41.0 30.40\\n29.91\\n0.49\\n5 S. E.\\n2.4\\n879\\nMarch,\\n83.0 38.0 4.5.0 30.40\\n29.83\\n0.57\\n9N. W.\\n3.0\\n3\\n031\\nApril,\\n85.0 40.0 45.0 30.46\\n29.98\\n0.48\\n3 S. E.\\n2.5\\n1\\n797\\nMay,\\n88.5 66 22.5 30.31\\n29.83\\n0.48\\n9 S. W.\\n2.7\\n4\\n847\\nJune,\\n91.0 69.0 22.0 30.18 30 03\\n0.15\\n12 S.\\n2.3\\n5\\n789\\nJuly,\\n92.5 73.0 19.5 30.22130.01\\n0.21\\n16 S. W.\\n2.2\\n9\\n801\\nAugust,\\n92.5 69.0 23.5 30 26 29.93\\n0.33\\n14 S.W.\\n2.4\\n5\\n199\\nSeptember,\\n91.5 61.0 30.5 30.23 29 95\\n0.28\\n8, E.\\n2.5\\n080\\nOctober,\\n85.5 46.0 39.5 30.31,29.89\\n0.42\\ni- N. E.\\n2.5\\n2\\n180\\nNovember,\\n74.0 40.0 34.0 30.34 29.94] 0.40\\n9| N.\\n2.2\\n7\\n754\\nDecember,\\n74.5 32.5 42.0 30.44 29.83| 0.61\\n41 N.\\n2.4\\n2.5\\n1\\n077\\nAnn l Mean,\\n84.9 50.9 33.9 30.33\\n29.90\\n0.42\\n48! 400J\\nAnnual range of the thermometer\\nbarometer 00. degrees 73 hundreths.\\ndegrees minutes\u00e2\u0080\u0094 of the\\nSociety, as at present constituted in New Orleans,\\nhas very little resemblance to that of any other\\ncity in the Union. It is made up of a heteroge-\\nneous mixture of almost all nations. First, and\\nforemost, is the Creole population. All who are\\nborn here, come under this designation, without\\nreference to the birth place of their parents. They\\nform the foundation, on which the superstructure\\nof what is termed society, is erected. They are\\nremarkably exclusive in their intercourse with\\nothers, and, with strangers, enter into business\\narrangements with extreme caution. They were\\n4", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0081.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "74 NEW ORLEANS.\\nonce, and very properly, considered as the patri-\\ncians of the land. But they are not more distin-\\nguished for their exclusiveness, and pride of family,\\nthan for their habits of punctuality, temperance,\\nand good faith.\\nTill about the commencement of the present\\ncentury, the period of the transfer of Louisiana to\\nthe United States, the Creoles were almost entirely\\nof French and Spanish parentage. Now, the in-\\ndustrious Germans, the shrewd and persevering\\nIrishmen, are beginning to be quite numerous, and\\nmany of them have advanced to a condition of\\nwealth and- respectability.\\nNext come the emigrants from the sister States,\\nfrom the mighty west, from the older sections of\\nthe south, and (last not least) from the colder re-\\ngions of the north, the enterprising, calculating,\\nhardy Yankee. To the latter class this emporium\\nis indebted, for many of those vast improvements\\nwhich, as if by magic, have risen to the astonish-\\nment and confusion of those of the ancient regime,\\nwho live in a kind of seclusion within the limits of\\nthe city proper\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Xo whom beautiful and extensive\\nblocks of buildings have appeared in the morning,\\nas though they had sprung up by enchantment\\nduring the night.\\nThen come the nondescript watermen. Our\\nriver steam navigation, averaging, during half the\\nyear, some three hundred arrivals per month, fur-", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0082.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "NEW ORLEANS. 75\\nnishes a class often thousand men, who have few if\\nany parallels in the world. The numberless flat-\\nboats that thronjT the levees for an immense dis-\\ntance, are peopled and managed by an amphibious\\nrace of human beings, whose mode of living is\\nmuch like that of the alligator, with whom they\\nironically claim relationship, but who carry under\\ntheir rough exterior and uncouth manners, a heart\\nas generous and noble, as beats in any human\\nbreast. They are the children of the Mississippi,\\nas the Arabs are of the great desert, and, like them,\\naccustomed to encounter danger in every shape.\\nCombining all the most striking peculiarities of the\\ncommon sailor, the whaleman, the backwoodsman,\\nand the Yankee, without imitating, or particularly\\nresembling any one of them, they are a class en\\ntirely by themselves, unique, eccentric, original,\\na distinct and unmistakeable feature in the floating-\\nmass that swarms on the levees, and threads the\\nstreets, of the cresent city.\\nAmong them may be found the representatives\\nof nearly all the states. Some are descendants of\\nthe Pilgrims, and have carried with them the\\nindustrious habits, and the strict moral princi-\\nples, of their Puritan forefathers, into the wilds\\nof the West. They are all active, enterpri-\\nsing, fearless, shrewd, independent, and self-suffi-\\ncien!, and often aspiring and ambitious, as our\\nhalls of legislation, and our highest business circles", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0083.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "76 NEW ORLEANS.\\ncan testify. They are just the stuff to lay the\\nbroad foundations of freedom in a new country\\nable to clear the forest, and till the soil, in time\\nof peace, to defend it in war, and to govern it at\\nall times.\\nOf the one hundred and thirty thousand souls,\\nwho now occupy this capital, about twenty thousand\\nmay be estimated as migratory. These are princi-\\npally males, engaged in the various departments\\nof business. Some of them have families at the\\nNorth, where they pass the summer. Many are\\nbachelors, who have no home for one half the year,\\nand, if the poets are to be believed, less than half\\na home for the remainder. As these two classes\\nof migratory citizens, who live at the hotels and\\nboarding houses, embrace nearly, if not quite, one\\nhalf the business men of the city, it may serve to\\nsome extent, to account for the seemingly severe re-\\nstrictions by which the avenues to good native so-\\nciety are protected. Unexceptionable character,\\ncertified beyond mistake, is the only passport to the\\ndomestic circle of the Creole. With such creden-\\ntials their hospitality knows no limits. The resi-\\ndent Americans are less suspicious in admitting you\\nto their hospitality, though not more liberal than\\ntheir Creole neighbors, when once their confidence\\nis secured.\\nThe restrictions thus thrown around society, and\\nthe great difficulty which the new comer experien-", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0084.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "NEW ORLEANS. 77\\nces in securing a share in those social enjoyments\\nto which he has been accustomed in other places,\\nhave had an unfavorable effect upon the morals\\nof the place. Having no other resource for pas-\\ntime, when the hours of business are over, he flies\\nto such public entertainments as the city affords.\\nAnd if these are not always what they should\\nbe, it behooves us to provide better. Public libra-\\nries, reading rooms, galleries for the exhibition of\\nthe fine arts, lyceums for lectures, and other\\nkindred rational amusements, would do much to\\nestablish a new and better order, and to break\\ndown those artificial barriers, which separate so\\nmany refined and pure minded men from the\\npleasures and advantages of general society, con-\\ndemning them to live alone and secluded, in\\nthe midst of all that is lovely and attractive in the\\nsocial relations of life.\\nThe character of New-Orleans, in respect to\\nhealth, has been much and unjustly abused. At\\nthe north, in ratio to their population, the consump-\\ntion annually destroys more than the yellow fever\\nof the south. The city of New York averages\\nabout thirty a week. Patients with pulmonary\\ncomplaints, resort to these latitudes for relief,\\nwhere such diseases are otherwise rarely known.\\nIn truth, this capital shows a more favourable bill\\nof mortality, than any seaport town in the United\\nStates, except Charleston and Baltimore.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0085.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "78 NEW ORLEANS,\\nThere is little to be said in favor of the morals\\nof New Orleans, during the first few years after its\\ncession. Report made them much worse than\\nthey were. As the community was composed of\\nsome of the worst classes of society, gathered from\\nevery region under the sun, nothing very good was\\nto be expected. But circumstances have changed.\\nA system of wholesome police regulations has\\nbeen introduced and enforced, which has either\\nbrought the desperate and the lawless under subjec-\\ntion, or expelled them from the community. By re-\\nference to the statistics of crime, in other -commer-\\ncial cities in proportion to thenumber of inhabitants,\\nthe stransjer will be convinced that this City has\\nreason to be proud ef her standing. Riots her\u00c2\u00ab..\\nare unknown, robberies seldom occur. Person-.;!\\nsecurity in the public streets, at all hours, is never\\nendangered and females may venture out after\\ndark, without a protector, and be free frc^h insult\\nand molestation. Foreign influence has entailed\\nupon society here a code of honor which; in some\\nmeasure, has had a tendency to -ijure it, butthe\\nfalse notion is fast falling into disrepute.\\nThe new state constitution, if adopted, will put\\nan effectual stop to this barbarous^ practice. Arti-\\ncle 130, reads,\\nAny Citizen of this State who shall, after the\\nadoption of this constitution, fight a duel with\\ndeadly weapons, or send a challenge to fight a duel,", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0086.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "NEW ORLEANS. 7\\neither within the state, or out of it, or who shall act\\nas second, or knowingly aid and assist in any man-\\nner those thus offending, shall be deprived of\\nholding any office of trust or profit, and of enjoy-\\ning the right of suffrage under this Constitution.\\nThe learned professions here, generally, stand\\npreeminently high. The science of medicine\\nmay boast of a talent, and a skill, that would confer\\nhonor upon any city in the Union and the few\\nempirics who disgrace the practice, are so well\\nknown, that the evil is circumscribed within very\\nnarrow limits. The clergy are proverbial for\\ntheir learning and eloquence and the same\\nremarks will apply with equal force to th^ mem-\\nhers of the bar.\\nThis city, at the present time, possesses no public\\nlibrary. Considering the population, and their\\nability, this must be regarded as a blot upon the\\nintelligence of its citizens. This is completely a\\ncommercial community, however, and money is the\\nuniversal ambition. Thence springs that acknow-\\nledged deficiency in literature and the fine arts, ob-\\nservable to the stranger. But shall it still remain\\nIs there no Girard no Astor among our million-\\naires, who will leave behind them a monument\\nwhich shall make their names dearer and more\\nhonored in all coming time, than those of heroes\\nand conquerors?\\nAfier several attempts to establish a library,\\nan association of young men, some years ago, at", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0087.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "80 NEW ORLEANS.\\nlast succeeded in organizing one but. for want\\nof proper aid and support from the rich, it lingered\\non for some time, and was finally sold out by the\\nsheriff! It then consisted of four or five thousand\\nvolumes of well selected books. It was purchased\\nby a private gentleman, B. F. French, Esq. for a\\nmere nominal sum. Thus has a work intended\\nfor the honor of the city, become, in an evil hour,\\nthe monument of its shame It is soothing\\nhowever, to learn that, at length, a love of letters\\nand the fine arts is springing up in our midst.\\nUnder the head of Lyceums, National Gallery of\\nPaintings, and Public Schools, in this volume, facts\\nillustrative of this assertion may be seen.\\nThe Masonic fraternity in New Orleans appear\\nto enjoy all their ancient privileges. There are\\nsome ten lodges, besides a grand lodge, and an en-\\ncampment. Here is a large number of the order\\nof Odd Fellows, as one of Equal Fellows\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a Typo-\\ngraphical Association, and Mechanics, Hibernian,\\nSt. Andrews, German, and Swiss societies. These\\nare all, more or less, of a benevolent nature and\\nwithin their own circles, have all been extremely\\nserviceable.\\nThe navisration of the Mississippi, even by steam\\nboats, in 1818, was extremely tedious. The Etna\\nis recorded as arriving at Shipping port, a few miles\\nbelow Louisville, in ililrty two days. The Gov-\\nernor Shelby in twenty two days, was considered as", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0088.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "NEW ORLEANS. 81\\na remarkably short passage. An hermaphrodite\\nbrig was seventy one days from New Orleans and\\na keel boat one hundred and one the latter to\\nLouisville. Now, the time occupied is^?5e to six\\ndays.\\nDuring the business season, which continues\\nfrom the first of November to J uly, the levee, for\\nan extent of five miles, is crowded with vessels of\\nall sizes, but more especially ships, from every\\npart of the world with hundreds of immense-\\nfloating castles and palaces, called steam boats\\nand barges and flat boats innumerable. No place\\ncan present a more busy, bustling scene. The load-\\ning and unloading of vessels and steam boats the\\ntransportation, by some three thousand drays, of cot\\nton, sugar, tobacco, and the various and extensive\\nproduce of the great west, strikes the stranger with\\nwonder and admiration. The levee and piers that\\nrange along the whole length of the city, extending\\nback on an average of some two hundred feet, are\\ncontinually covered with moving merchandize.\\nThis was once a pleasant promenade, where the\\ncitizen enjoyed his delightful morning and eveninr^;\\nwalk but now there is scarcely room, amid hogs\\nheads, bales and boxes, for the business man to\\ncrowd along, without a sharp look out for his per-\\nsonal safety.\\nThe position of New Orleans, as a vast com-\\nmercial emporium, is unrivalled as will be seen\\n4*", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0089.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "82 NEW ORLEANS.\\nby a single glance at the map of the United States.\\nAs the depot of the west, and the half-way-house\\nof foreign trade, it is almost impossible to anticipate\\nits future magnitude.\\nTake a view, for instance, of the immense regions\\nknown under the name of the Mississippi valley.\\nIts boundaries on the west are the Rocky Moun-\\ntains, and Mexico on the south, the Gulf of\\nMexico on the east the Alleghany mountains\\nand, on the north, the lakes and the British posses-\\nsions. It contains nearly as many square miles,\\nand more tillable ground, than all continental Eu-\\nrope, and, if peopled as densely as England, would\\nsustain a population of five hundred millions more\\nthan half of the present inhabitants of the earth.\\nIts surface is generally cultivable, and its soil\\nrich, with a climate varying to suit all products,\\nfor home consumption or a foreign market. The\\nMississippi is navigable twenty one hundred miles\\npassing a small portage, three thousand may be\\nachieved. It embraces the productions of many\\nclimates, and a mining country abounding in coal,\\nlead, iron and copper ore, all found in veins of\\nwonderful richness. The Missouri stretches thir-\\nty nine hundred miles to the Great Falls, among\\nthe Flat Foot Indians, and five thousand from\\nNew Orleans. The Yellow Stone, navigable for\\neleven hundred miles, the Platte for sixteen hun-\\ndred, and the Kanzas for twelve hundred, are only", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0090.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "NEW ORLEANS.\\ntributaries to the latter river. The Ohio is two\\nthousand miles to Pittsburgh, receiving into her bo-\\nsom from numerous streams, the products of New\\nYork, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Kentucky, Western\\nVirginia, Tennesee, Indiana and Illinois. The\\nArkansas, Big Black, Yazoo, Red River, and many\\nothers, all pouring their wealth into the main artery,\\nthe Mississippi, upon whose mighty current it floats\\ndown to the grand reservoir. New Orleans.\\nThe Mississippi valley contained over eight mil-\\nlions of inhabitants in 1840, having gained eighty\\nper cent., during the last ten years. The present\\nnumber cannot be less than ten millions.\\nThe last year, the Mississippi was navigated by\\nfour hundred and fifty steam boats, many of which\\nare capable of carrying 2,500 bales of cotton, ma-\\nking an aggregate tonnage of ninety thousand.\\nThey cost above seven millions of dollars and to\\nnavii, ,ate them, required nearly fifteen thousand\\npersons the estimated expense of their navigation\\nis over thirteen millions of dollars. The increase\\nsince, may be calculated at fifty additional boats\\nwhich would make an advance in all these items\\nin a ratio of ten per cent.\\nSuch statements as these, large as they seem,\\nconvey to the reader but a partial idea of the great\\nvalley, and of the wide extent of country upon\\nwhich this city leans, and which guaranties her\\npresent and future prosperity. To form a full", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0091.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "84 NEW ORLEANS.\\nestimate, he must, besides all this, see her moun-\\ntains of iron, and her inexaustible veins of lead\\nand copper ore, and almost boundless regions of\\ncoal. The first article mentioned (and the phrase\\nin which it is expressed is no figure of speech) has\\nbeen pronounced, by the most scientific assayer of\\nFrance, to be superior to the best Swedish iron.\\nThese, and a thousand unenumerated products,\\nbeside the well known staples, constitute its wealth;\\nall of which by a necessity of nature, must flow\\nthrough our Cresent City, to find an outlet into the\\ngreat world of commerce. With such resources\\nnothincr short of some dreadful convulsion of na-\\nture, or the more dreadful calamity of war, can pre-\\nvent New Orleans from l)ecoming, if not the first,\\nnext in commercial importance to the first city\\nin the United States perhaps, in the world. The\\nflourishing towns upon the Mississippi and her tri-\\nbutaries, are merely the depositories for this great\\nmart. In twenty years she must, according to her\\npresent increase, contain a population of three hun-\\ndred thousand, with a trade proportionably extended.\\nWith such views, it may be deemed folly to\\nattempt to look forward to the end of the nine-\\nteenth century, when this metropolis will in all\\nprobability extend back to lake Pontchartrain, and\\nto Carrolton on the course of the river. The\\nswamps, that now only echo to the hoarse bellow-\\ning of the alligator, will then be densely built upon", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0092.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "NEW ORLEANS. 85\\nand rendered cheerful by the gay voices of its\\ninhabitants, numbering at least Sr. million of human\\nbeings. If, like Rip Van Winkle, we may be\\npermitted to come back after the lapse of half a\\ncentury, with what surprize and astonishment\\nshall we witness the change which the enlerprize\\nof man will have wrought. But let us not waste\\na moment in dreaming about it. Let us be up\\nand doing, to fulfil our part of the mighty achieve-\\nment. It would not be strange, however, if the\\npresent map, which is given to show the rapid\\ngrowth of the city, by comparison with one drawn\\nin 1728, should then be republished with a similar\\ndesign, to exhibit the insignificance of New Or-\\nleans in 1845 We ask the kindness of the cri-\\ntics of that period, should they deign to turn over\\nthese pages, begging them to consider that our\\nhumble work was produced fas ar back as the be-\\nnighted age of steam", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0093.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS.\\nHaving noticed, in the preceding sketch, the\\nmost prominent features in the history of this in-\\nteresting section of country, it becomes a duty\\nnow to present to the intelligent reader, and more\\nespecially to the inquiring traveller, a description\\nof such of the public institutions, buildings, and\\nplaces of resort, for business and amusement, as\\nmay be deemed worthy of his attention. In attain-\\ning this object, it was necessary to have recourse to\\nthe most carefully digested statements of facts now\\nexisting, as well as to collect others from personal\\ninspection.\\nTHE UNITED STATES BARRACKS.\\nThe buildings formerly used for the accommo-\\ndation of the troops garrisoned in New Orleans,\\nwere erected by the French about a century since.\\nThese were directed to be sold in 1828, and ten\\nyears after were demolished. The act was soon\\ndiscovered to be an error, and in 1833, the gover-\\nment determined to replace them. A plan was\\naccordingly forwarded to the seat of government\\nand approved. On account of the difficulty of ob-", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0094.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 87\\ntaining a suitable site within the incorporated limits,\\na location was selected, by assistant quarter master\\nDrane, about three miles below the city. The\\nworks were begun the 24th of February, 1834, and\\ncompleted on the 1st of December, 1835, at a\\ncost, including the enclosure of the public grounds,\\nof $182,000. The late Assistant quarter master\\nJ. Clark, superintended the operation, aided by\\nLieutenant J. Wilkinson, who had furnished the\\nplans.\\nThe Barracks occupy a parallelogram of about\\nthree hundred feet on the river, by nine hundred\\nin depth. The ground in the rear belongs to the\\ngeneral government, to the depth of forty arpents,\\nand can be used for the benefit of the troops.\\nThe garrison was intended to consist of four com-\\npanies of infantry, but ample accomodation exists\\nfor a much larger number. The quarters of the\\ncommandant occupy the middle of the front\\nthose of the staff and company officers being on\\neither flank. The companies are quartered in a\\nhollow square, which is thrown back far enough\\nto give space for a handsome parade ground. in\\ntlie rear of ihpse quarters are the hospital, store-\\nhouse, and corps des garde, and still in rear, and\\nbeyond the walls, is the post magazine, as well as\\nother buildings necessary for the comfort and con-\\nvenience of the troops. In front of the whole is\\na commodious wharf for the landing of supplies.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0095.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "88\\nPUBLIC BUILDINGS.\\nTim UNITED STATES BRANCH MINT\\nIs situated on what was once called Jackson\\nSquare, being nearly the former site of fort St.\\nCharles. It is an edifice of the Ionic order, of\\nbrick plastered to imitate granite, having a centre\\nbuilding projecting, with two wings is strongly\\nbuilt, with very thick walls, and well finished.\\nOur limits will not permit us to go into a detailed\\ndescription of its interior arrangements which,\\nhowever, may be generally spoken of as such as\\nnot to discredit the distinguished engineer who\\nplanned it. The total length of the edifice is 282\\nfeet, and the depth about 108 the wings being 29\\nby 81, and the whole three stories in height. It\\nwas begun in September, 1835 and the building\\nwas perfectly completed at a cost of \u00c2\u00a7182,000.\\nThe machinery is elegant and highly finished,", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0096.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINaS. 89\\nand, when in operation, proves an interesting sight\\nto visitors which, from the gentlemanly urbanity\\nof the officers of the establishment, may be easily\\nenjoyed. The square is surrounded by a neat\\niron railing on a granite basement. The coinage\\nof 1844\u00e2\u0080\u0094 gold, f 3,010,000~silver; $1,198,500\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nmaking in all $4,208,500.\\nTHE CUSTOM, HOUSE.\\nThis establishment is conducted in an old build-\\ning, quite too small, even if the United States\\nCourts did not occupy a considerable portion of\\nit. The square, in the centre of which it. stands,\\nis about 300 feet each on Old Levee, Custom-\\nHouse, Front- Levee and Canal streets and, from\\nits peculiarly happy location, is. well calculated\\nfor publi 3 improvement. Considering the great\\ncommercial importance of New-Orleans, as being\\nscarcely second to any city in the Union, it is\\na matter of congratulation that the government are\\nnow disposed to place her upon a more respectable\\nfooting, in regard to offices of this nature which\\nhave been furnished in a princely style to some of\\nthe sea-ports that had less need of them. The\\nimmense revenue that flows into the treasury de-\\npartment here, demands a suitable edifice for the\\ntransaction of the business it creates. The site\\nis the most eligible that can be imagined. The Post-\\nOffice, United States Courts, and warehouses for", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0097.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "90 PUBLIC BUILDINGS.\\nthe storage of bonded merchandize, can all have\\nample accommodation within its limits; and a more\\ndesirable location for them cannot be found. An\\nappropriation of $500 was made at the last\\nsession of Congress, to secure a suitable plan for\\nthe buildings to cover this spot. The plan has\\nbeen prepared by Mr. Gallier, and is highly ap-\\nproved by those who have examined it. It is to\\nbe hoped there will be no unnecessary delay in\\ncompleting a work, in which the public conveni-\\nence and economy, as well the accommodation of\\nthe mercantile community, is so deeply interes-\\nted. If Mr. Gallier s plan is adopted, all the\\nabove departments will be clusterecl together in\\none central spot, with ample room for each, and\\nin a structure that will be at the same time a du-\\nrable ornament to the city, and an honor to the\\nnation.\\nTHE POST OFFICE,\\nIs located in the Merchants Exchange. It\\nhas two business fronts, besides a passage way\\nthrough the building, where letters and pacltages\\nare received for mailing. The private boxes have\\ntheir delivery here, where also the publishers of\\nnewspapers receive their exchanges and commu-\\nnications. The general delivery for English let-\\nters is in Exchange Place, those for letters in the\\nforeign languages, and for the ladies, are on Royal", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0098.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 91\\nstreet. The edifice seems to answer the purpose\\nwell and, considering the extent of the establish-\\nment, the duties of the office have been managed\\nmuch to the satisfaction of the public. But we\\nlook for something more worthy of the place,\\nwhen the new Custom House shall rear its noble\\nfront to the father of rivers.\\nTHE STATE HOUSE,\\nFormerly the Charity Hospital, and purchas-\\ned by the state in 1834, is a plain structure, com-\\nposed of a centre and two detached wings and is\\nfinely situated on the square enclosed by Canal,\\nBaronne, Common and Philippa streets. The main\\nentrance to the square, which is laid off as a plea-\\nsure ground, and well kept, is from Canal street.\\nThe principal building is occupied by chambers\\nfor the senate, and the house that for the latter\\nbeing recently constructed. There are also suit-\\nable rooms for the different clerks, and offices re-\\nquired by the public business. The chamber for\\nthe house of representatives is handsome, but, like\\nsome others in more conspicuous places, badly\\nadapted to public speaking.\\nIn the right wing of the building is the office of\\nthe adjufant general of Louisiana it is also used\\nas a temporary armory, until the law for the erec-\\ntion of a new one is carried into execution. The\\nleft room is occupied by offices for the governor,", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0099.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "92\\nPUBLIC EWILDINGS.\\nsecretary of state, state treasurer, and civil engi-\\nneer.\\nThe whole was built in 1815. It is in contem-\\nplation to erect an edifice more worthy of the state,\\nbut when this will be done, or where located, is as\\nyet undetermined. It will probably not be within\\nthe precincts of our city, as the late convention\\nprovides that the Legislature shall not hold its ses-\\nsions hereafter within sixty miles of New Orleans.\\nIt is doubtless intended that the public servants\\nshall do more work, and less eating, drinking 8 nd\\noa.rousing, than they have heretofore done.\\nJJ- J.^^ -l.^.^ THE CATHEDRAL,\\nOr Church of St. Louis, is the principal and\\ncentre of three buildings which stand on Chartres\\nstreet, immediately opposite to the Place d ArmeSj", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0100.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 93\\nor Parade Ground. This edifice forcibly strikes\\nthe stranger by its venerable and antique appear-\\nance. There is perhaps, none in the Union which\\nis on this account more impressive. The foun-\\ndation of the building was laid in 1792, and it\\nwas, to a certain extent, completed in 1794, at the\\nexpense of Don Andre Almonaster, perpetual regi-\\ndor, and Alvarez Real.\\nThe architecture of the Cathedral is by no\\nmeans pure, but is not wanting in effect on this\\naccount. The lower story is of the rustic order,\\nflanked at each of the front angles by hexagonal\\ntowers, projecting one half of their diameter, show-\\ning below Tuscan antes at each angle, and above\\npilasters of plain mason-work, in the same Style,\\nwith antique wreaths on the frieze of the entabla-\\ntures. These towers are crowned by low spires,\\nerected after Latrobe s designs, about 1814.\\nThe grand entrance to the Cathedral is in the\\nmiddle of the front, being a semicircular arched\\ndoor, with two clustered Tuscan columns on either\\nside. This entrance is flanked by two smaller\\ndoors, similar to the principal one.\\nThe second story of the front has the same gen-\\neral appearance, as to the number of columns c.\\nas the lowerone, but isof the Roman Doric order.\\nAbove, and corresponding to the main entrance, is\\na circular window, with niches on either side,\\nabove the flanking doors below. On the apex of", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0101.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "94 PUBLIC BUILDIN S.\\nthe pediment of this story rises the chief turret,\\nbeing in the Tuscan style, and in two parts the\\nlower being square, about twenty feet in height,\\nwith circular apertures on each side the upper\\nhexagonal, having a belfry, with apertures at the\\nsides for letting out the sound, flanked by antes.\\nThe proportions of the order are not observed in\\nthis belfry, which was erected about 1824, by\\nLe Riche.\\nThe Cathedral has a tenure, to speak in legal\\nphrase, of every Saturday evening offering masses\\nfor the soul of its founder, Don Andre. The re-\\nquirement is faithfully observed, for as the day\\nreturns, at set of sun, the mournful sound of the\\ntolling bell recalls the memory of the departed.\\nThis building is almost inseparably connected, in\\nthe minds of the old residents, with the memory\\nof the venerable Pere Antonio de Sedella, curate\\nof the parish for nearly fifty years. This excel-\\nlent old mar., adored for his universal benevo-\\nlence, came to Louisiana, then a province, in\\n1779, and is supposed to have performed nearly\\none half of the marriage and funeral ceremonies\\nof its inhabitants, until the period of his death, at\\nthe ripe age of nearly ninety years, in 1837.\\nThis venerated relic of by gone days lies hur-\\nried at the foot of the altar.", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0102.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS.\\n95\\nST. PATRICK S CHURCH,\\nIs situated in Camp-street, near Lafayette\\nsquare. The design is a triumph worthy of the\\ngenius of Gothic architecture, whether the dimen-\\nsions, or the splendor of the structure be consid-\\nered.\\nThe measurement is 93 feet by 164 on the\\nground and from the side walk to the summit of\\nthe tower, 190. The style is taken from the fa-\\nmous York Minster Cathedral, and executed agree-\\nably to the designs of Messrs. Dakin Dakin,\\nwhich were adopted by the trustees of the church.\\nIt surpasses e^ery attempt at a similar order on\\nthis side of the Atlantic, and when completed, may\\nproudly challenge comparison with any modern pa-\\nrochial edifice in Europe. It cost about $100,000.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0103.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "96 PUBLIC BUILDINGS.\\nST. AUGUSTINE CHURCH.\\nThis structure, erected in 1841, stands on St.\\nClaude street, corner of Bayou road. It is about\\n50 feet front by 90 deep. The architect, l\\\\Ir.\\nDepouilly, has displayed an excellent taste in its\\nconstruction. The style is of a mixed order, but\\nextremely neat ai^d in such good keeping, that\\nthe interior has the appearance of being much\\nsmaller than it actually measures. The decora-\\ntions are worthy of the sacredness of the place.\\nThe colored glass of the windows throws a\\nbeautiful mellowed light across the aisles, produ-\\ncing a chastened effect suited to the solemnity of\\nthe place. Immediately over the altar is a full\\nlength painting of the tutelar saint, which is exe-\\ncuted with the bold hand of a master. At the\\nright of this is the Virgin Mary, little inferior to\\nthe first, but finished with much greater delicacy\\nof touch. Our Saviour is conspicuously represen-\\nted in the ceiling, over the centre around which,\\non the gallery below, and between the windows,\\nare portraits of the saints, arranged in the pannel-\\nwork. Take this church altogether, it is one of the\\nneatest houses of devotion in this city.", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0104.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 97\\nST. antoine s, or the mortuary chapel.\\nOn account of the great increase in the popula-\\ntion of the city, and consequent greater num-\\nber of interments, objection was made, about the\\nyear 1822, to the performance of services for the\\ndead in the Cathedral, it bsing in a very prom-\\ninent and public situation. Under these circum-\\nstances, the city made a grant of a piece of land\\nat the corner of Conti and Rampart streets, to the\\nfoundation of the Church of St. Louis, on condition\\nof their erecting upon the same, a chapel, as a place\\nfor the performance of the funeral ceremonies,\\nin conformity to the catholic ritual. In pursuance\\nof this intention, a cross, marking the present site\\nof the altar of the chapel, was placed there with\\nproper ceremonies, on the 10th of October, 1826,\\nand on the following morning the building was be-\\ngun. Its erection was prosecuted at the expense\\nof the catholic foundation, and completed within a\\nyear after its commencement, at a cost of about\\n816,000.\\nIt is a plain but very neat edifice, of the Gothic\\ncomposite order and was dedicated to the most\\nholy St. Antony of Padua, as its guardian. All\\nfuneral ceremonies of catholics are performed\\nthere.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0105.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "98\\nPUBLIC BmLDINOS.\\nTHE CHAPEL OF THE URSrLINES.\\nAn edifice strongly characteristic of our city,\\nand well calculated to cause reflection on the many\\nand sudden changes of dynasty to which New\\nOrleans has been subjected. This building, of a\\nquaint old style of architecture, was erected,\\naccording to a Spanish inscription on a marble\\ntablet in the middle of the fagade, in 1787, during\\nthe feign of Carlos III, (Don Estevan Miro being\\ngovernor of the province,) by Don Andre Almo-\\nnaster Y Roxas. It is exceedingly plain and\\nunpretending in its exterior, and chiefly interesting\\nfrom its associations, and extremely antiquated\\nappearance.", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0106.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS.\\n99\\nCHRIST CHURCH, (EPISCOPAL.)\\nA fine Ionic building, situated on Canal, at the\\ncorner of Bourbon street, was designed by Gallier\\nand Dakin, architects, and its erection begun in\\nthe autumn of 1835, under the direction of Mr. D.\\nH. Toogood. It was completed in the summer\\nof 1837, and consecrated during the same year.\\nThe cost of the edifice was about $70,000. The\\nform of the ceiling, being a flat dome, is much\\nadmired. The Rev. Dr. Hawkes is pastor of this\\nchurch.\\nST. Paul s church, (episcopal.)\\nThis is a neat frame structure, located on the\\ncorner of Camp and Bartholomew streets. The\\nRev. Mr. Goodrich officiates in this church.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0107.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "100\\nPUBLIC BUILDINGS,\\nTHE ANNUNCIATION CHURCH, (EPISCOPAL,)\\nIs to occupy a conspicious place near Annunci-\\nation Square. The location was selected with\\ngood taste, both in regard to the beauty of the\\nposition, and to the great improvements of the\\nneighbourhood. The church is to be placed un-\\nder the pastoral charge of the Rev. Mr Prescot.\\nTHE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH,\\nIs an edifice of the Grecian Doric order, finely\\nsituated, fronting on Lafayette square the hand-\\nsomest public ground in the city. The basement\\nstory is of granite the superstructure being", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0108.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 10 1\\nbrick, plastered to imitate stone. The building\\nwas commenced in November, 1834, and opened\\nfor public worship in July, of the following year.\\nIt was finished by subscription, at a cost of\\n#55,000. In 1844, this building was considerably\\nenlarged. In the court, in front, a neat obelisk has\\nbeen erected, as a monument to the memory of\\nthe Rev. Sylvester Larned, first Presbyterian\\npastor of this city, who died 31st August, 1820,\\nat the early age of 24, much and deservedly re-\\ngretted. Rev. Mr Scott, is the present pastor.\\nTHE SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.\\nThis is a plain and unpretending structure, on\\nthe corner of Calliope and Phytanee streets and\\nlike its near neighbour, St. Paul s, evidently erec-\\nted more for utility than for external display. It\\nis a neat frame building, with only sufficient or-\\nnament to give to it the appearance of a place of\\npublic worship. Rev. Mr. Stanton is the pastor.\\nTHE FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH,\\nIs an edifice of brick, in the plain Gothic style\\nof architecture. It was erected in 1817, on St.\\nCharles street at the corner of Gravier, where\\nformerly stood the store-houses of the Jesuits, and\\nupon a part of the foundations of those buildings.\\nRev. Mr Clapp, is the pastor.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0109.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "102\\nPUBLIC BUILDINGS.\\nTHE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH,\\nAt the corner of Poydras and Carondolet streets,\\nis of the Grecian Doric order, the details of\\nwhich are copied from the temple of Theseus, at\\nAthens. The height of the steeple is 170 feet\\nfrom the side walk. This edifice was erected in\\nthe year 183f) 7, by Messrs. Dakin, and Dakin,\\narchitects, at an expense of $50,000. Rev. Mr\\nNicholson officiathig as pastor.\\nTHE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH,\\nIs under the pastoral care of Rev. Mr. Hinton,", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0110.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "PT7BLIC BUILDINGS. 103\\nWESLEYAN CHAPEL.\\nThis is a plain frame building, on St. Paul\\nnear Poydras street, and is devoted to the colored\\nportion of the community.\\nTHE OLD URSULINE CONVENT,\\nSituated in Conde street, was completed By the\\nFrench government, in 1733 and is therefore,\\nprobably, the most ancient edifice in Louisiana.\\nThe architecture is plain, being Tuscan compo-\\nsite, and the smallness of the windows, and the pe-\\nculiar form of the roof and chimnies, together\\nwith the general venerable and time worn aspect\\nof the building, render it, independent of its histo-\\nry, an object of interest to both citizens and\\nstrangers.\\nIt was occupied by the Ursuline nuns for\\nnearly a century and only abandoned by them,\\nwhen, on account of the great rise in the value of\\nreal estate around it, they disposed of a part of\\ntheir property, and removed, in 1824, to the new\\nconvent, two miles below the city. It was then\\nused by the state legislature, as a place for their\\nsessions, until their present accommodations were\\nprepared for their reception, in 1834. Since that\\nperiod it has been inhabited by the Right Rev.\\nBishop Blanc, and several other of the higher\\nclergy of the diocess. From its great solidity of\\nconstruction, there is no reason to doubt but thai", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0111.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "104 PUBLIC BUILDINGS.\\nIt may stand many years longer, as a monument\\nof the olden times.\\nTHE NEW CONVENT.\\nThis richly endowed establishment was founded\\nin 1826, and the chapel was completed in 1829.\\nThe main building is about 100 feet long, of\\nbrick, two stories high, and has two wings, run-\\nning from the rear, at each end. It is principally\\noccupied as a seminary for the education of young\\nladies. The average price for instruction and\\nboard is $200 per annum. The number of\\nscholars at present is 120. On a line with this\\nbuilding is the nunnery, containing 40 sisters of\\nthe Ursuline order. Annexed to the latter edifice\\nis the chapel, a remarkably neat and plain struc-\\nture. Immediately in front of the latter building\\nis the residence of the priests. There are eighty\\nacres of land, three of which are enclosed and\\ni)eautifully embellished. The position is pleasant\\nend healthy. It fronts upon the river, two miles\\nbelow ihe city, and embraces a charming view of\\n;he Mississippi.\\nTHE CARMELITE CONVENT,\\nIs a frame building, which stands upon ground\\nadjoining the church of St. Augustine, and is oc-\\ncupied by the nuns of this order. They have an\\nxcellent school under their care, divided into two", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0112.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS.\\n105\\napartments one of which is appropriated to white\\nand the other to free colored children, many of the\\nlatter class, have wealthy parents, and pay a hio-h\\nprice for their education.\\nTHE CYPRESS GROVE CEMETERY.\\nThis resting place for the dead is about four\\nmiles from the centre of the city upon the right of\\nthe upper Shell Road, that leads to lake Pontchar-\\ntrain, and occupies a ridge, which is supposed once\\nto have been the embankment of the Mississippi.\\nThe plat of ground devoted to the cemetery,\\nmeasures 244 by 2700 feet. The spot was pur-\\nchased and improved at an expense of $35,000,\\nby the Firemen s Charitable Association. The\\nrevenue that arises from interments is exclusively\\ndevoted to benevolent purposes all the business\\nof the association being conducted by its members\\nwithout any compensation. The front wall and\\nlodges are built in pure Egyptian style, and cost\\n5*", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0113.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "106 PUBLIC BUILDINGS.\\n88,000. The grounds are divided into avenues,\\nand arranged and embellished with an effect ap-\\npropriate to the solemn associations of the place.\\nThe simple and striking motto over the entrance\\nis selected from Pierpont\\nHere to thy bosom, mother earth,\\nTake back in peace, what thou hast given\\nAnd, all that is of heavenly birth,\\nO God, in peace recall to heaven.\\nSome of the tombs are very richly wrought\\nand, one in particular, erected by a fire company,\\na memento to a brother who was killed in the per-\\nformance of his duty, is a specimen of superior\\nskill and workmanship. The nature of the soil\\nadmits graves to be sunk six feet without approach-\\ning water. They are laid with brick and securely\\ncemented. The tombs above ground (here called\\novens, which they somewhat resemble) are faced\\nwith marble, built in the best manner. There are\\nfour hundred of them, which cost an average of\\ntwenty-five dollars each. These are sold at fifty\\ndollars, and the surplus goes into the funds of the\\nsociety, for charitable purposes.\\nA central avenue, twenty-eight feet in width,\\ncalled Live Oak Avenue, traverses the whole\\nlength of the ground. Cedar and Magnolia ave-\\nnues, on either side of this, are each twenty feet\\nwide. Next the outer walls, are those named\\nCypress and Willow, of eighteen feet each. At a", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0114.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 107\\ndistance of every two hundred feet, are transverse\\navenues. The spaces between these are reserved\\nfor the erection of tombs, and may be purchased\\nat a stipulated price, according to the location.\\nThese privileges are sold in fee for ever, and the\\ntitle is held sacred in the eye of the law.\\nCATHOLIC CEMETERIES.\\nOf these there are two. The larger ranges\\nbetween Robertson and Claiborne, and extends\\nfrom St. Louis to Canal streets, occupying four\\nfull squares. The square on St. Louis street is\\nprincipally appropriated to natives of France and\\ntheir descendants. There is a great deal of refin-\\ned sentiment and delicate fancy in some of their\\nmemorials of the departed. Tombs are often\\nembellished with fresh flowers, that look as if they\\nreceived daily attentions. This is a custom not\\npeculiar to the French, but seems to be the natural\\nlanguage of that refined affection, which cherishes\\nthe memory and the virtues of the dead, among\\nthe dearest and most sacred treasures of the heart.\\nThe smaller of these grounds lies on Basin and\\nSt. Louis streets. It presents, like the other, many\\ntasteful monuments, that show us where repose\\nthe honored and the wealthy of the land. These\\nnecessarily attract the notice of strangers\u00e2\u0080\u0094 but\\nthere is one among them less conspicuous than\\nthe rest, the eloquence of whose simple and touch-", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0115.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "108 PUBLIC BUILDINGS.\\ning memorial has rarely been surpassed. It is in\\nthe side wall, near the north-west corner of the\\ncemetery, surrounded by many more of a similar\\nconstruction. There is no display only a simple\\nrecord, that tells it is occupied by a female fifteen\\nyears of age. Beneath this is quite a plain stone,\\nwith the inscription Ma pauvre file f What\\nan affecting history in those three brief words\\nIt was undoubtedly placed there by an affectionate\\nmother, deploring the untimely death of a beloved\\ndaughter. It contains more pathos, and speaks to\\nthe heart with more effect, than volumes of labor-\\ned eulogy, or frantic grief. The proud mausole-\\num, and the turgid epitaph, sink into insignificance\\nbeside this humble burst of maternal love My\\npoor child f^\\nIllustrative of the false pride with which the\\nCreole population still, unfortunately, regard the\\npractice of duelling, nearly opposite is the follow-\\ning inscription:\\nVictime de V hnnneur.\\nAet. 24.\\nTHE PROTESTANT CEMETERY.\\nThis burial place fronts on St. Paul street, and\\noccupies about two city squares. The inscriptions\\ndo not date back beyond 1810. It is a spot, how-\\never, where the northern and eastern traveller\\nwill often recognize familiar names of those who", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0116.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 109\\nhave found graves far from endeared friends and\\nconnexions. There is little of the display here\\nthat is observed in other grounds. Tomhs that,\\napparently, were commenced with a resolution to\\nshow honor to the departed, have been left without\\na stone to record the name of the neglected tenant.\\nIn one of the side walls, is a tomb stone of plain\\nwhite marble, with only the words, My husband!\\nengraven upon it. In this vault were deposited the\\nremains of a distinguished tragedian, who fell a\\nvictim to the yellow fever, some years since, in\\nthis city. It is a delicate souvenir, tbat bespeaks\\nthe true feeling and atrection of a desolate widow.\\nOn another is the emphatic inscription, Poor\\nCaroline r\\nIs situated within sight of the Cypress Grove\\nCemetery, and having been but recently commen-\\nced, has not yet become an object of much attraction.\\nThere is quite a spacious Catholic burying\\nground near Bayou road, more tlian a mile back\\nof the city, that seems to have been considerably\\nused, but has few monuments of any interest.\\nBesides these, there is a general burying ground\\nat LaHiyette. The .Tews have a place of inter-\\nment, also, in that city.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0117.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.\\nThere is probably no city in the United States\\nthat has so many benevolent institutions as New\\nOrleans, in proportion to its population. Certainly\\nit has not an equal in those voluntary contributions,\\nwhich are sometimes required to answer the im-\\nmediate calls of distress. Here are assembled a\\nmixed multitude, composed of almost every nation\\nand tongue, from the frozen to the torrid zone,\\nand, whether it be the sympathy of strangers, or\\nthe influence of the sunny south, their purses open\\nand their hearts respond, like those of brothers, to\\nthe demands of charity. To illustrate these asser-\\ntions and to carry out the plan of this work, a\\ndescription of the most prominent of these estab-\\nlishments is annexed.\\nTHE FEMALE ORPHAN ASYLUM\\nStands at the intersection of Camp and Phytanee\\nstreets, on an angular lot, widening to the rear on\\nErato street. It has a northerly front on the\\njunction of the two first named streets, and occu-\\npies all the grounds that are contained in this\\nirregular space the rear, however, being reserved", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0118.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.\\nIll\\nas a site for a church, to be erected at some future\\nperiod. The land was a liberal donation front)\\nMadame Foucher, and her brother, Francis Soulet.\\nPrevious to the erection of this building, the estab-\\nlishment was conducted in rented tenements, under\\nthe direction of the Sisters of Charity in whose\\nhands it still continues to present a praiseworthy\\nexample of neatness and parental care. It com-\\nmenced in 1836 with six children; jj^d, in 1839,\\nwith great exertions, it accommodated ninety.\\nThe history of this charity seems to trespass on\\nthe region of romance. In its struggle, it received\\nan important impulse from the suggestions of a\\nbenevolent lady, Mrs. Pogue. In conversation\\nwith a female friend of similar feelings, she re-\\nmarked, if a fair could be organized for its\\nbenefit, and the opulent induced to patronize it.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0119.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "112 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.\\nmoney might be raised to erect the necessary\\nbuildings. That friend told the Bishop who,\\ntaking up the hint, announced it from the pulpit.\\nThis led to the call of a meeting where, instead\\nof a small assemblage, the rooms were crowded\\nwith the wealth and beauty of the city. It result-\\ned in the collection of over sixteen thousand dollars!\\nThus, to almost a chance expression from the\\nkind heart of woman, New Orleans is mainly in-\\ndebted for the prosperity of one of the noblest of\\nher humane institutions.\\nFrom this moment, the Asylum assumed a firm\\nstanding. A suitable house was at once com-\\nmenced. The second municipality gave a thou-\\nsand dollars, and the legislature at different\\nperiods, twelve thousand dollars. In 1840 the\\nwhole was completed, and the children, to the\\nnumber of about one hundred, took possession.\\nSince that time they have averaged one hundred\\nand forty-five annually. They receive the rudi-\\nments of a good education. At a suitable age\\nthey are apprenticed to persons of character and\\nresponsibility and a vigilance is continued, that\\nguaranties to them the kind treatment, which\\ntheir isolated position seems to demand.\\nThe edifice, built by D. Hayden, cost over\\nforty-two thousand dollars. Though conducted\\nwitli the utmost prudence, the institution is some\\ntwenty-five hundred dollars in debt. In a capital", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0120.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 113\\nlike this, where so many of the citizens have\\nprincely revenues, and with them a princely libe-\\nrality, there is little doubt that arrangements will\\nsoon be made to relieve it of this embarrassment.\\nIt has now about one hundred and sixty children,\\nof whom over thirty are in the nursery.\\nTHE MALE ORPHAN ASYLUM.\\nThe Society for the Relief of Destitute Orphan\\nBoys have their establishment in Lafayette. It\\nwent into operation in 1824, and was incorporated\\nthe year after. By a calculation of the first six-\\nteen years, it appears that an average of thirty-\\nfive have annually participated in its benefits.\\nAlthough its title would seem to imply, that\\norphans only are admitted, yet the board are au-\\nthorized to receive any boy, whose destitute condi-\\ntion requires their protection.\\nTHE POYDRAS FEMALE ORPHAN ASYLUM.\\nThis is one of the oldest establisments of the\\nkind in New Orleans. It was endowed by Julien\\nPoydras, and possesses an immense revenue from\\nvaluable improved real estate. They occupy on\\nJulia, from St. Charles to Carondelet streets, and\\nextend back about two-thirds of an immense\\nsquare. It has for several years had an average\\nof one hundred and twenty children. The excel-\\nlent system and regulations, in regard both to", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0121.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "114 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.\\ninstruction and health, will not be disparaged by\\ncomparison with the best institutions in the world.\\nPossessing so much property and such beautiful\\ngrounds, it is to be regretted that more spacious\\nand comfortable buildings are not erected for the\\naccommodation of the inmates.\\nTHE CATHOLIC MALE ORPHAN ASYLUM.\\nThis institution is supported by an association,\\nand by private donations. The establishment oc-\\ncupies a large building fronting the river, and a\\nfew squares above the New Convent. About one\\nhundred and seventy children receive the benefits\\nof this charity.\\nLES DAMES DE LA PROVIDENCE.\\nThis association was formed in 1839. It con-\\nsists of about one hundred ladies, who each con-\\ntribute a certain sum monthly as a charitable\\nfund. Its object is to render aid to the sick, the\\npoor and the infirm. The institution was put into\\noperation by the benevolent French ladies of New\\nOrleans and, were its resources equal to the kind\\nfeelings of its members, it would be rendered a\\nmeans of alleviating much distress among the\\nsick and destitute.\\nTHE SAMARITAN CHARITABLE ASSOCIATION.\\nThis institution was founded during the epidemic\\nof 1837, for the purpose of alleviating the wants", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0122.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 115\\nof the poor and the sick. They established an\\noffice at that period, where some of the members,\\nday and night, were always in readiness to attend\\nthe bed-side of disease, and to administer aid to\\nthe indigent. The late mayor, and many of the\\nmost wealthy citizens are members and, in time\\nof need, the association is liberally endowed by\\nthe spontaneous donations of the generous public.\\nTHE firemen s CHARITABLE ASSOCIATION\\nWas incorporated in 1835, and managed by a\\nboard of directors chosen from each company,\\nsubject to certain restrictions. The officers, (a\\npresident, vice president, secretary and treasurer,)\\nare elected by the board from members of the\\nassociation, on the first Monday of January, of each\\nyear. The object of this society is the relief of\\nits members, who are incapacitated from attending\\nto business from sickness or misfortunes not arising\\nfrom improper causes. It makes provision also\\nfor the benefit of their families particularly\\nwidows and orphans. This is a very laudable\\nassociation, and every way deserving of the ex-\\ncellent fire department from which it originated.\\nThis benevolent institution was established in\\n1837 and its object is the relief of the indigent\\nand sick. Its resources depend entirely upon pub-", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0123.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "116 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.\\nlie contributions and appeals for aid have always\\nbeen responded to with alacrity. During the pre-\\nvalence of the epidemic of 1841, this society col-\\nlected and distributed over five thousand dollars\\namong the sufferers on that dreadful occasion. It\\nis a noble charity that waits not for calls upon its\\nbenevolence but its members seek for worthy\\nobjects in the hidden recesses of misery, and soothe\\nand administer to their wants, with a brotherly\\nsolicitude that does honor to the name they have\\nassumed.\\nTHE HEBREW BENEVOLENT SOCIETY,\\nAlthough but a short time in existence, has ac-\\ncomplished much good diffusing charity, not in\\nmere accordance with sectional prejudices, but in\\nthat catholic spirit of genuine benevolence, which\\nfreely dispenses its benefits alike upon Jew and\\nChristian, and recognizes but one brotherhood in\\nthe family of man.\\nTHE MILNE ORPHAN ASYLUM.\\nThis institution was endowed in 1839, by Alex-\\nander Milne, a liberal Scotch gentleman, from\\nwhom it takes its name. It was established for\\nthe education and protection of helpless orphan\\nchildren of both sexes.", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0124.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "HOSPITALS.\\nNo city in the United States is so well provided\\nwith establishments of this kind as New Orleans.\\nHere, the only passport required for admission to\\nthe best attendance, is sickness or an injury.\\nNo cold formalities are thrown in the way of the\\nsuffering patient. Indeed, it has become a subject\\nof complaint, that access is so easy, and the posi-\\ntion so agreeable, that the improvident and the in-\\ndolent take undue advantage of its benefits.\\nTHE CHARITY HOSPITAL.\\nThe first hospital for indigent persons erected\\nin the city of New Orleans, appears to have been", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0125.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "118 HOSPITALS.\\nbuilt on the site formed by the west side of Ram-\\npart street, between Toulouse and St. Peter streets.\\nIt was blown down in 1779 and, being of wood,\\nwas entirely destroyed.\\nIn 1784, Dr. N. Y. Roxas commenced one of\\nbrick on the same position, which he completed at\\nan expense of 8114,000 in 1786, and called it the\\nNew Charity Hospital of St. Charles. He en-\\ndowed it with a perpetual revenue of S1500 per\\nannum, by appropriating the rents of the stores at\\nthe corner of St. Peter and Levee streets. It\\ncontinued under the patronage and direction of\\nthe family, until March 1811, when it was relin-\\nquished to the city by authority of the legislature,\\nthe edifice having been previously consumed by\\nfire. It was now subjected to a council of admin-\\nistration, appointed by the governor and city\\ncouncil (the first six, the latter three.) Since\\n1813 the council has been appointed by the go-\\nvernor and senate. It consists of eight members,\\nand the governor. Its support has been derived\\nfrom several sources. A most liberal legacy was\\nleft it by that public benefactor Julien Poydras,\\nof real estate, valued at #35,000. Several smaller\\nsums have been received from other benevolent\\nindividuals. It has also received aid from the\\nstate, directly and indirectly. Pennsylvania\\nmade a liberal grant of 810,000, in 18\\nIn 1812, the council of administration sold to", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0126.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "HOSPITALS. 119\\nthe state the square now occupied by the state\\nhouse, with the buildings, for $125,000, and pur-\\nchased the present site, and built their large and\\ncommodious structure at the foot of Common\\nstreet, at an expense of 8150,000, containing suffi-\\ncient room to accommodate four or five hundred\\npatients. This is the building particularly refer-\\nred to in the heading of this article. Besides\\nbeing under the charge of the ablest of the medical\\nfaculty, the institution has the assistance of the\\nSisters of Charity, as nurses to the sick, who\\ncannot be excelled in kindness and careful atten-\\ntion.\\nThe edifice itself is very imposing, from its\\nimmense size. It is substantially built with brick.\\nSuitable supplementary out-buildings for lunatics,\\nand lying-in apartments, are on the same grounds;\\nand the whole is encompassed by a permanent\\nbrick wall.\\nTo show the great usefulness of this establish-\\nment, it is only necessary to state that, during\\n1844, there were five thousand eight hundred and\\nforty-six patients admitted, seven hundred and\\nthirteen of whom died, and five thousand and fifty-\\nnine were dismissed. Of this number, only one\\nthousand three hundred and sixteen were natives\\nof the United States, and four thousand five hun-\\ndred and thirty foreigners. This year the yellow\\nfever was not epidemic.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0127.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "120 HOSPITALS.\\nThe following table, taken from the New Orleans\\nMedical Journal, shows the number of cases of yel-\\nlow fever admitted into this hospital from Jan. 1,\\n1822, to Jan. 1, 1844, with the dates of the first\\nand last cases each year, with the discharges and\\ndeaths, constituting a term of twenty-two years.\\nYear.\\nFirst Case.\\nLast Case.\\nAdm d\\nDis g d\\nDied.\\n1822\\nSept. 3.\\nDec. 31.\\n349\\n98\\n239\\n1823\\nSept. 11.\\n1\\n1\\n1824\\nAug. 4.\\nNov. 13.\\n167\\n59\\n108\\n1825\\nJune 23.\\nDec. 19.\\n94\\n40\\n59\\n1826\\nMay 18.\\nNov. 18.\\n26\\n19\\n5\\n1827\\nJuly 17.\\nDec. 5.\\n372\\n263\\n109\\n1828\\nJune 19.\\nDec. 10.\\n290\\n160\\n130\\n1829\\nMay 23.\\nNov. 29.\\n435\\n220\\n215\\n1830\\nJuly 24.\\nNov. 29.\\n256\\n139\\n117\\n1831\\nJune 9.\\nOct. 7.\\n3\\n1\\n2\\n1832\\nAug. 15.\\nOct. 25.\\n26\\n8\\n18\\n1833\\nJuly 17.\\nNov. 17.\\n422\\n212\\n210\\n1834\\nAug. 28.\\nNov. 22.\\n150\\n55\\n95\\n1835\\nAug. 24.\\nNov. 27.\\n505\\n221\\n284\\n1836\\nAug. 24.\\nOct. 25.\\n6\\n1\\n5\\n1837\\nJuly 13.\\nNov. 28.\\n998\\n556\\n442\\n1838\\nAug. 25.\\nNov. 1.\\n22\\n5\\n17\\n1839\\nJuly 23.\\nNov. 17.\\n1086\\n634\\n452\\n1840\\nJuly 9.\\n3\\n3\\n1841\\nAug. 2.\\nDec. 8.\\n1113\\n520\\n594\\n1842\\nAug. 4.\\nNov. 26.\\n410\\n214\\n211\\n1843\\nJuly 10.\\nDec. 31.\\n1053\\n609\\n487\\nTo\\ntal Number,\\n7787\\n4034\\n3803\\nA\\ndiscrepancy\\nof\\n50\\n4034\\n7837\\n7837", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0128.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "HOSPITALS, 121\\nThis discrepancy between the number of ad-\\nmittances, discharges, and deaths, say the editors,\\narises from the fact that a good many cases of\\nyellow fever occur, after the patients are admitted\\ninto the hospital for other diseases and some\\nremain to be treated for other diseases, long after\\nhaving been cured of yellow fever and, it may\\nbe, that some cases are not noted upon the hospital\\nbooks at all. The proportion of deaths is ac-\\ncounted for by the exposed state of the patient\\nbefore admission. In private practice they do not\\naverage one death to ten.\\nThe absence of quarandne regulations in New\\nOrleans, is often remarked by strangers. Acts\\nof legislation have been passed at different times,\\nestablishing laws for the protection of the city,\\nwhich proved of but little service, owing, it is ge-\\nnerally admitted, to their not being carried out as\\nit is now known they should have been to test their\\nefficacy, consequently they soon fell into disuse.\\nMuch able, and it would seem unanswerable\\nargument has been employed, to prove that this\\nscourge of tropical climates is not contagious yet.\\nDr. Carpenter, an eminent and learned member of\\nthe medical profession of this city, with great re-\\nsearch, has tracked it through all its secret chan-\\nnels of communication, by which at different pe-\\nriods it has been introduced.\\nThe recent able essay of Dr. Hort, read before\\n6", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0129.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "122 HOSPITALS.\\nthe Physico-Medical Society of this city, and the\\nproceedings and resolutions of that body, had in\\nreference to it, with equal conclusiveness show it\\nto be endemic, or of local origin, and not an im-\\nported or contagious disease.\\nWhen such eminent doctors disagree what\\nshall the unlearned and uninitiated do we are\\nsurely in a dilemma, and hardly know on which\\nhorn to hang our own humble judgment but it\\nwould really appear that with a sanitary system,\\ncommending itself to the more cautious views of\\nthe Atlantic cities, an advantage would be gained,\\nthat would far more than balance any diminished\\ntrade of our neighbors in the Gulf. Are there not\\nalso, many hundreds of active, intelligent, business\\nmaking citizens, who now fly to the North on the\\nfirst approach of the sickly season, who, with such\\nguards faithfully maintained about them, would\\nremain through the summer and are there not\\nthousands more in various parts of the country,\\nwho, inspired with confidence by the existence and\\nmaintenance of a system of measures which they\\ndeem essential to the preservation of the health\\nand lives of the citizens, would throng to our\\nmetropolis as the most inviting field of enterprize,\\nand thus multiply our numbers and enlarge our\\nbusiness far more rapidly than it can, or will be\\ndone under the present system\\nIf in making these suggestions it should be sup-", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0130.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "HOSPITALS. 123\\nposed that we have defined our position, we\\nshall shelter ourselves under the generally re-\\nceived opinion the prevailing fears of the com-\\nmunity and the prudential measures of other\\ncities.\\nMAISON DE SANTE.\\nThis noble edifice, emphatically the house of\\nthe stranger, was built in 1839, and opened in Au-\\ngust of the same year. The full and complete\\nsuccess of the enterprise is written in the grateful\\nmemories of the thousands of patients who have\\nresorted to it in the hour of sickness and danger.\\nThe prices required secure to every sick person\\nmore than the attention and comforts of the house\\nof his childhood. Not a doubt need to cross his\\nmind but that all which science, and the most de-\\nvoted care can effect, will be done for him he", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0131.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "124 HOSPITALS.\\nonly goes there to get well, if it be possible in the\\nnature of his case. The names of the attending\\nphysicians, Doctors Stone, Kennedy and Carpenter,\\nare a sufficient guaranty for the respectability of\\nthis establishment.\\nCIRCUS STREET INFIRMARY.\\nThis institution, situated between Poydras and\\nPerdido streets, was established by Doctors Camp^\\nbell and Mackie, in July, 1841. It is neatly fur-\\nnished, and offers all the comforts and advantages\\nof a private house to the invalid. No contageous\\ndiseases are admitted, and kind and skilful nurses\\nare furnished.\\nTHE FRANKLIN INFIRMARY,\\nIs situated in the Fauxbourg Franklin, in\\nChamps Elysees street, fronting the Pontchartrain\\nrail-road, and about two miles from the city. It\\nis a private hospital, founded by Dr. C. A. Luzem-\\nburg. The building, although not large, is ac-\\ncommodated with several out houses, and the\\ngrounds are spacious and pleasant.", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0132.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "125\\n;k::\u00c2\u00ab\\nTHE UNITED STATES MARINE HOSPITAL,\\nSituated at Macdonough, opposite New Orleans,\\noccupies a square, measuring three hundred and\\nfifty feet each way, which is enclosed by a good\\nsubstantial fence, intended, eventually, to give\\nplace to an iron railing. The edifice measures,\\nin front, one hundred and sixty feet, by seventy\\neight deep from the rear of which two adjuncts\\nextend fifty feet further back, leaving sufficient\\nroom between them for a spacious court, immedi-\\nately behind the centre of the main building.\\nThe whole is laid off into three stories. It is\\nfifty feet from the ground to the eaves, and one\\nhundred and thirty-five to the top of the flag-staff,\\nwhich surmounts the belvidere. It is built in the\\nGothic style and was designed by Mondele and\\nReynolds, who were the original contractors. It\\nwas commenced in 1834, but for want of the ne-", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0133.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "126 HOSPITALS.\\ncessary appropriations by the government, the\\nwork was suspended, and has gone so much to ruin,\\nthat it will require $20,000 to repair the damage.\\nJames H. Caldwell, Esq., has contracted for the\\ncompletion of this work. The building, when\\nfinished and furnished for receiving patients, will\\ncost $130,000. It will accommodate two hundred\\nand sixty nine persons. The grounds, tastefully\\nlaid out, are to be embellished with shrubbery.\\nAs seen from the Mississippi, or from a distance,\\nthis structure presents a very majestic appearance.\\nIt stands in a healthy position, elevated and dry\\nand from its great height, commands a complete\\nview of the river, city, surrounding country, and\\na whole forest of masts\u00e2\u0080\u0094 affording to poor Jack at\\nat once a delightful and a busy prospect, that must\\nhave a great tendency to cheer the hours of his\\nconvalescence.", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0134.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS.\\nTHE BIUNICIPAL HALL.\\nThis edifice, when completed, will be one of\\nthe noblest public buildings of the Second Muni-\\ncipality. It is to occupy the corner of Hevia and\\nSt. Charles streets, facing the westerly side of\\nLafayette Square, a site selected particularly on\\naccount of its conspicuous and airy position. Its\\ngrand entrance ranges along the latter thorough-\\nfare 90 feet, running back upon the former 208,", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0135.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "128 PUBLIC BUILDINGS.\\nand presenting an altitude of 54 feet to the eaves,\\ndisplaying two bold stories above a basement of 11\\nfeet ceiling. This lower apartment is intended for\\nthe accommodation of the military, and the police\\nand watch departments. It is intersected from\\nend to end by a corridor twelve, and across, in the\\ncentre, by one of fourteen feet wide, the latter\\ngiving room for a double flight of stairs, which\\nascend to the upper story. The same division of\\npassage-ways is observed on each floor.\\nThe grand entrance from St. Charles street, is\\nby a flight of eighteen blue Quincy-granite steps,\\nof which material the principal front is constructed.\\nAt the top of these, at an elevation of fourteen\\nfeet, is a platform extending along the whole front,\\ntwenty-five feet deep, sustaining, by a range of\\nsix pillars in front, and four in the rear, a massy\\npediment, all of which is of Ionic Grecian con.\\nstruction, and in good keeping with the main\\nfabric. On entering the corridor through this\\nportico, on the right hand, is an apartment seventy-\\nfive by thirty-five feet, and, and like all the others\\non this floor, eighteen feet in the ceiling, appro-\\npriated to the library of the School Lyceum. In\\nthe rear of this, on the same side, are four others\\nfor public offices and courts, as are also those on\\nthe opposite direction.\\nAscending to the third story, in front is the great\\nhall, sixty-one by eighty -four feet, and twenty-", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0136.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDIN S. 129\\nnine in the ceiling, set apart for the School Ly-\\nceum. Immediately in front of this, is a central\\nplatform, advancing between two side rooms, over\\nwhich are two others, similar, all four of which\\nare intended for the accommodation of the appa-^\\nratus, necessary for this new institution.\\nThe main room is furnished with galleries on\\nthree sides, arranged in the best manner for the\\nconvenience of scholars and spectators. The\\nrooms in the rear, like those in the story below,\\nare devoted to public offices.\\nThe walls of this building are to be based upon\\ngranite, and the residue of white marble, after the\\nGrecian Ionic order. The whole will cost about\\n#120,000.\\nTHE CITY PRISONS.\\nThese edifices are built of brick, and plastered\\nto imitate granite, they are three stories in height,\\noccupying one hundred and twenty three feet on\\nOrleans and St. Ann streets, by one hundred and\\nthirty-eight feet nine inches between them. They\\nare two in number, and divided by a passage way\\nthat is closed to the public. The principal build-\\ning has its main entrance from Orleans street,\\nthrough a circular vestibule, closed by strong iron\\ndoors. The lower story contains the offices and\\napartments of the jailor. The second story is di-\\nvided into large halls for such prisoners as require\\n6*", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0137.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "130 PUBLIC BUILDINGS.\\nto be less strictly guarded. The plan of the third\\nstory is similar. The whole is surmounted by a\\nbelvidere, with an alarm bell. The cost is esti-\\nmated at 8200,000.\\nSECOND MUNICIPALITY WORK-HOUSE.\\nThis institution was formed in obedience to legis-\\nlative enactment, under date of the 5th of March,\\n1841. The buildings were completed and occu-\\npied the same year. The site is a portion detached\\nfrom the northern extremity of the Protestant\\nEpiscopal Burying Ground, and the centre of the\\nfront is directly facing St. Mary street. The plot\\nis two hundred and ninety feet, front and rear,\\nand two hundred and fifty-five deep the whole\\nbeing enclosed by a wall twenty-one feet high,\\ntwenty-six inches thick at the base, and eighteen\\nat the top, externally supported throughout by\\nabutments at a distance of every fourteen feet.\\nThe entrance is by a strong and well secured\\ngate, into a public passage flanked by offices,\\nover which are rooms assigned to the use of the\\nkeepers, for the accommodation of the guard, and\\nsuch materiel as good order, and the safety of the\\nestablishment require. This structure is partially\\nseparated from the prison by well constructed\\ngates and partition walls. Within, on each side,\\nengrossing the residue of the immediate front of\\nthe grounds, are two buildings. The one on the", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0138.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 131\\nright is for white females, and that on the left for\\nblacks of both sexes. These tenements are divided\\nfrom the other parts of the prison by high fences\\nof frame work. Going thence into the princi-\\npal yard, the building for the male whites is seen\\non the extreme right. This is of one story, mea-\\nsuring eighty by thirty feet, and is the largest one\\non the premises. Arranged along near the rear\\nwall, extending to the left, are the work shops.\\nThe average number of white prisoners is\\neighty, not one-seventh of whom are females\\nand one hundred blacks, a third of these also be-\\ning females. The prison discipline seems to be\\nof a first rate order and it is seldom necessary to\\npunish for offences against the rules. Religious\\nservice is performed on Sundays, and a physician\\nis in attendance every day. It is a singular factj\\nthat only five persons have died there since it was\\nopened, notwithstanding their former irregular\\nhabits. The prisoners are kept at constant labor\\nand their food, though not luxurious, is of a whole-\\nsome nature, which may, when their abstinence\\nfrom intemperate habits is taken into considera-\\ntion, account for the excellent state of their health.\\nIt would not be hazarding much to say that many\\nhere were never before accustomed to so many of\\nthe comforts of life in all, save these bonds;\\nfor they lodge upon clean and comfortable\\nbedding, surrounded by moscheto bars and.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0139.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "132 PUBLIC BUILDINGS.\\nonce a, week, at least, can enjoy the luxury of a\\nbath.\\nThis is the receptacle of that class of society,\\nDoth white and black, who are denominated va-\\ngrants. They embrace two sorts of individuals\\nthose who have no visible means of obtaining a\\nlivelihood, and those who live by committing un-\\nlawful depredations upon others. Besides these,\\ncolored seamen, while in port, not being suffered\\nby the laws to go at large, are accommodated, for\\nthe time being, with an apartment in the Work-\\nhouse. Slaves are placed here by their masters,\\nfor punishment, for safe keeping, and for refusing\\nto perform labor, as well as for the commission of\\ncrimes. These last are sent out in gangs, under\\nkeepers, to clean the streets, and to perform cer-\\ntain other menial services within the control of\\nthe municipal authorities.\\nNothing could render this establishment more\\ncomplete, except a classification of its inmates\\nso that the hardened offenders should be prevented\\nfrom drawing the young, the thoughtless, and the\\nincipient transgressor, into the vortex of their own\\nviciousness. To the philanthropist, this must be\\na consideration of the utmost importance. The\\nsaying, that evil communications corrupt good\\nmanners, is illustrated even in this place and\\nliere, many who seem upon the very verge of\\ndestruction, might be saved from ultimate and", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0140.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS, 133\\nUtter ruin, by the judicious care and protection of\\nthe humane and reflecting magistrate.\\nTHIRD MUNICIPALITY WORK-HOUSE.\\nThis new establishment stands on Moreau street,\\nrunning from Louisa to Piety streets, and taking\\nwithin its limits the building formerly used as the\\nWashington market, which has been altered to\\nsuit its present purpose. The buildings were pre-\\npared under the superintendence of Charles K.\\nWise, and are well arranged. The prisoners\\naverage about one hundred ^thirty of whom are\\nfemales. The regulations are excellent.\\nTHE COURT-HOUSE.\\nThis edifice stands on Chartres street, and to the\\nright of the Cathedral, as it is seen from the Place\\nd Armes, opposite to which it is situated. The\\nlower story is of the Tuscan order, with a wide\\nportico along the front of the edifice, supported by\\nten antes, between semi-circular arches. The\\nfour in the middle are strengthened in front by\\nTuscan columns, and those at the angles by two\\nclustered pilastres. The ascent to the second\\nstory is through the principal entrance, which is\\ncomposed of a semi-circular arched door, with\\nantes at the sides, and Doric entablature. It\\nopens into a spacious lobby, through which, by a\\nstone stair-way, of a single flight below, and a", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0141.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "134\\nPUBLIC BUILDINGS.\\ndouble one above, the second floor is reached.\\nThe front of the upper story is of the Ionic order,\\nbut generally similar to the lower. The entabla-\\nture is surmounted by a denticulated cornice, and\\nthe pediment is relieved by an oblong shield.\\nTHE CITY HALL.\\nThis building stands on the upper side of the\\nCathedral, on a line with the Court House descri-\\nbed above, both of which were erected the latter\\npart of the preceding century, through the liberal-\\nity of Don Andre Almonester. This edifice in all\\ngeneral respects, much resembles the Court-\\nHouse on the right of the Cathedral, except that\\nthe main entrance, under the portico, is of the\\nTuscan order; and that the stair within is a\\nwinding one, leading to the upper story by three\\nflights also, that the pediment of the front bears\\nthe American eagle, with cannon and piles of balls.", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0142.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "MARKETS.\\nThe markets are a prominent feature in a de-\\nscription of New Orleans. They are numerous,\\nand dispersed, to suit the convenience of the citi-\\nzens. The prices of many articles they offer are\\nvery fluctuating. Not dearer, however, on an\\naverage, than in New York. Stall-fatted meats\\nare not so usual here as at the North, preference\\nbeing given to the grass-fed. The mutton has no\\nequal in America. Poultry and fish are fine\\nand vegetables, except potatoes, are abundant, and\\nspeak well for the soil that produced them. Fruit,\\nfrom the West Indies and our own West, is not\\nonly plenty, but of the best kind. The regulations\\nare excellent, and are strictly enforced by officers\\nappointed for that purpose.\\nThe greatest market day is Sunday, during the\\nmorning. At break of day the gathering com-\\nmences youth and age, beauty and the not-so-\\nbeautiful all colors, nations and tongues are\\ncommingled in one heterogeneous mass of delight-\\nful confusion and, he must be a stranger indeed,\\nwho elbows his way through the dense crowd,\\nwithout hearing? the welcome music of his own", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0143.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "136 PUBLIC BUILDINGS.\\nnative language. The traveller, who leaves the\\ncity without visiting one of the popular markets\\non Sunday morning, has suffered a rare treat to\\nescape him. Annexed is a brief descriptive ac-\\ncount of them.\\nPOYDEAS STREET MARKET,\\nIs designed for the accommodation of the inhab-\\nitants in the rear portion of the second municipal-\\nity. It covers a space of ground in Poydras street\\nforty-two feet wide by four hundred and two long\\nextending from near Baronne to Circus street.\\nIt was built in 1837, and cost $40,000.\\nTHE VEGETABLE MARKET.\\nThe ground plan of this building is irregular;\\nhaving been constructed at different periods. It\\napproaches the Roman Doric order is supported\\nby brick columns plastered, and covered with a\\nwooden frame roof tiled. It fronts on Old Levee,\\nSt. Philip and Ursuline streets, and the river.\\nThe design was by J. Pilie, who superintended\\nthe work. It was completed in 1830, at an ex-\\npense of 825,800.\\nTHE MEAT MARKET.\\nBuilt in the rusticated Doric order, was com-\\npleted in 1813, after the designs of J. Piernas, city\\nsurveyor. The building is of brick plastered,", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0144.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 137\\nwith a wooden frame roof, covered with slate. It\\nis situated on the Levee, and extends from St.\\nAnn to Main streets; and, from its favorable\\nlocation, and neat simplicity of architecture, is a\\nstriking object to those who approach the city by\\nwater. It cost about $30,000.\\nST. Mary s market.\\nThis building fronts on Tchoupitoulas street,\\nand runs to New Levee, a distance of four hun-\\ndred and eighty-six feet by a width of forty-two\\nfeet. It was completed in 1836, in the rusticated\\nDoric order, at a cost of about $48,000. In the\\nvicinity, on the first named street, is a vegetable\\nmarket a very neat edifice.\\nBesides these, there is a very respectable mar-\\nket at the head of Elysian Fields street, near the\\nLevee and another in Orleans, between Marais\\nand Villere streets, near the City Prison.\\nEXCHANGE HOTEL, (ST. CHARLES.)\\nThis magnificent establishment, which, for size\\nand architectural beauty, stands unrivalled, was\\ncommenced in the summer of 1835, and finished\\nin the May of 1838, by an incorporated company.\\nThe building was designed by, and erected under", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0145.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "138\\nPUBLIC BUILDINGS.\\nthe superintendence of J. Gallier, architect, at an\\nexpense of $600,000, including the ground it stands\\non, which cost $100,000. It presents fronts on three\\nstreets. The principal one on St. Charles street,\\nconsists of a projecting portico of six Corinthian\\ncolumns, which stand upon a granite basement\\nfourteen feet high, with a pediment on the top, and\\nfour similar columns on each side of the portico,\\nplaced in a range with the front wall behind\\nwhich is formed a recess fifteen feet wide and one\\nhundred and thirty-nine long, and floored over\\nwith large granite slabs, which, supported on iron\\nbeams, serve as a ceiling to that portion of the\\nbasement story standing under the portico and on\\ntop affords a delightful promenade under the shade\\nof the portico and side columns. The entrance\\nto the bar-room is under this; and the outside", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0146.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 139\\nsteps, leading from the street to the portico, are\\nplaced on each side thereof, between it and the\\nfront range of the building. In one of the rear\\nangles of the basement is a bathing establishment,\\nconsisting of fourteen rooms, elegantly fitted up,\\nwith every convenience for hot or cold bathing.\\nOn the opposite angle are placed the wine cellars,\\nstore-house, and other domestic apartments. All\\nthe remaining parts of the basement are divided\\ninto stores, which are rented out to various trades-\\npeople. The bar room is in the basement, near\\nthe centre of the edifice and is octangular in the\\nplan, seventy feet in diameter, and twenty high\\nhaving an interior circular range of Ionic columns,\\ndistributed so as to support the weight of the floors\\nand partitions of the upper stories. The archi-\\ntecture of this room is Ionic. That of the saloon,\\nwhich is immediately over the bar room, is of the\\nCorinthian order, and eighteen feet ceiling. A\\ngrand spiral stair-case commences upon the centre\\nof the saloon floor, and is continued up to the\\ndome. Around this stair-case, on each side of the\\nupper stories, a gallery is formed, which gives\\naccess to six bedrooms within the octagon, on each\\nof the six upper stories. As the bar room is six\\nfeet higher than the other parts of the basement,\\nthe entrance to the saloon from the portico is by a\\nflight of marble steps, twelve in number, and\\nthirty-five feet long. On the top of these steps is", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0147.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "140 PUBLIC BUILDIN S.\\nplaced a beautiful marble statue of Washington,\\npresented to the company by John Hagan, Esq.\\nThe gentlemen s dining and sitting rooms occu-\\npy the whole side of the building on Gravier\\nstreet. The dining room, with a pantry at the\\nend, is one hundred and twenty-nine feet long by\\nfifty wide, and twenty-two feet high, tastefully\\nfinished in the Corinthian order, with two inside\\nranges of columns, so placed that there is abun-\\ndant space for four ranges of dining tables, suffi-\\ncient to accommodate five hundred persons. The\\nladies dining room is placed over the bathing\\napartments, and is fifty-two by thirty-six feet. The\\nkitchen, fifty-eight by twenty-nine feet, is placed\\nin the rear wing of the building, on the same story\\nwith, and in the centre between the two dining\\nrooms. The two angles of the principal front\\ncontain the ladies drawing room, and the gentle-\\nmen s sitting room, the former forty by thirty-two\\nfeet, the latter thirty-eight feet square. There\\nare nine private parlors on the second story, to\\nsome of which are attached adjoining bedrooms;\\nand the same number on the upper stories. There\\nare four stories of elegantly furnished and well\\nlighted bedrooms, all around the four sides of the\\nbuilding, with central passages, or corridors, which\\ncommunicate with the centre and with each other,\\nhaving three stair-cases opening to the corridors,\\nbesides the grand stair-case in the octagon. There\\nare, in the edifice, three hundred and fifty rooms.", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0148.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS, 141\\nA dome, of beautiful proportions, after a plan of\\nDakin, forty-six feet in diameter, surmounts the\\noctagon building, elevated upon an order of fluted\\ncolumns, which stand eleven feet from the dome,\\naround the outside, and on the dome is elevated an\\nelegant little Corinthian turret. There is a large\\ncircular room under the dome, on the floor of\\nwhich the spiral stair-case terminates, and around\\nthe outside of which the circular colonade forms\\na beautiful gallery eleven feet wide, from whence\\ncan be seen the whole city, and all the windings\\nof the river for several miles in each direction.\\nThe effect of the dome upon the sight of the visi-\\ntor, as he approaches the city, is similar to that of\\nSt. Paul s, London.\\nNo better evidence can be adduced nor more\\nflattering encomiums presented to the architects,\\nthan the fact of the indescribable effect of the sub-\\nlime and matchless proportions of this building upon\\nall spectators even the stoical Indian and the cold\\nand strange backwoodsman, when they first view it,\\nare struck with wonder and delight. The view of\\nthis structure by moonlight is a sight not easily\\ndescribed. The furnishing of this establishment\\ncost $150,000.\\nTHE VERANDAH,\\nSo called from being covered on its front toward\\nthe streets, to a certain height, by a projecting roof", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0149.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "142\\nPUBLIC BUILDINGS,\\nand balcony, is situated at the corner of St.\\nCharles and Common streets, diagonally opposite\\nthe Exchange Hotel. The building was intended\\nfor a family hotel, by its enterprising projector and\\nbuilder, the late R. O. Pritchard.\\nThe i];reat dining room, is, probably, one of the\\nmost highly finished apartments in America.\\nThe ceiling, especially, is a model being com-\\nposed of three elliptic domes for chandeliers.\\nThis room measures eighty-five by thirty-two feet,\\nand twenty-seven high. The chimney pieces of\\nthe ladies parlors are fine specimens of sculpture,\\nand the rooms are otherwise handsome. The\\nsleeping apartments are not excelled. The whole\\nwas designed and constructed by Dakin Dakin,\u00c2\u00bb\\narchitects, in 1836-8, at a cost of ^300,000, in-\\ncluding the ground.", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0150.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS- 143\\nST. LOUIS HOTEL.\\nThis building, as a hotel, may be considered as\\none of the most respectable in New Orleans. It\\nstands nearly in the centre of the French portion\\nof the population and, in the combination of its\\nbrilliant and business-like appearance, is not an\\ninappropriate representative of their national char-\\nacter. In this establishment the utile etdulcia.re so\\nhappily blended, that the accomplished guest can\\nfind no cause^pf complaint. A more particular\\ndescription of this superb edifice is omitted here, in\\nconsequence of its being given under the head of\\nthe City Exchange, to which the reader is respect-\\nfully referred.\\nHewlett s hotel.\\nThis is a large and well-constructed building,\\non the corner of Camp and Common streets. It\\nhas been long known as a hotel, but, during the\\nlast year, has been opened, under new auspices,\\nby the gentleman whose name has become associ-\\nated with that of the house. The position is airy,\\nhealthy and central, and the table is said to be\\nunexcelled.\\nThe Planter s Hotel, in Canal street, and the\\nNational Hotel, in Tchoupitoulas street, are both\\ngood houses and the prices being less, they are", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0151.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "144 PUBLIC BUILDINGS.\\nsought after by those who wish to economise their\\nexpenses. There are several other respectable\\nestablishments, of which, like those last named,\\nthe limits of these pages will not permit a particu-\\nlar description.\\nTHE GAS WORKS\\nOccupy a square fronting on St. Mary street\\nfour hundred and sixty-seven feet, with a depth of\\ntwo hundred and thirty-five feet on Gravier and\\nPerdido streets which is enclosed by a substan-\\ntial brick wall fourteen feet high. The site was\\nselected by James H. Caldwell, Esq., to whom\\nNew Orleans is mainly indebted for this great\\nundertaking, as well as for many others which\\nstand as lasting eulogiums to his memory. In\\n1834, the original works were put in operation.\\nMr. Caldwell, at this time, had the exclusive pri-\\nvilege of lighting the city for thirty years. His\\nwere the fourth gas works in the Union, and the\\nfirst west of the mountains. The first wrought-\\niron roof in this country, was erected over the retort\\nhouse by Mr. C, and has served as a model for\\nall since built. The largest cast iron tank ever\\nconstructed was also put up by him. It is fifty-one\\nfeet diameter and eighteen deep, and contains over\\ntwo hundred thousand gallons of water. In 1835\\nMr. Caldwell disposed of this property to the Gas\\nLight and Banking Company who, finding the", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0152.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS, 145\\nbuildings insufficient, constructed them anew.\\nThe present establishment was planned and erect-\\ned under the superintendence of David John Ro-\\ngers, in whose care it still continues to prosper.\\nThe works, finished in 1837, cost $150,000. The\\nwhole present value is 8650,000.\\nThese consist of a retort house on Gravier street,\\none hundred and seventeen by eighty feet, and\\nparallel to which is the purifying house, one hun-\\ndred and seventeen by fifty-two feet. On the rear\\nis the chimney, constructed to resemble Trajan s\\npillar, one hundred and seven feet high and pre-\\nsents a chaste specimen of classical architecture.\\nThere are three fifty feet gasometers, arranged\\nalong in the centre of the premises, capable of\\ncontaining thirty thousand cubic feet each, built\\nafter the most approved workmanship, and consid-\\nered to be superior to any others in this country.\\nOn Perdido street is a three story dwelling, thirty\\nby seventy-five feet, for the workmen. The coal\\nshed is one hundred and ninety by fifty-two feet.\\nIn addition to these are the blacksmith, carpenter,\\nand other shops, necessary for advantageously\\nconducting so extensive a business. The struc-\\ntures are all fir?-proof, and every thing is kept in\\nthe neatest possible condition.\\nIn addition to the works already described, and\\nimmediately in front of them, embracing nearly\\nanother square, two more gasometers, of equal\\n7", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0153.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "146\\nPUBLIC BUILDIKGS.\\ndimensions, together with the accompanying build-\\nings, have been constructed during 1844 5.\\nThese will enable the company to transmit the\\ngas through a distance of one hundred and fifty\\nmiles of pipe, sufficient for the accommodation of\\na half million of persons.\\nThe gas is extracted from Pittsburgh coal\\nafter wliich the coke is sold for fuel, at about half\\nthe price that is asked for the original coal.\\nTHE WATER WORKS.\\nIn 1833, a company was incorporated under the\\n:itle of the Commercial Bank of New Orleans,\\nthe principal object of which was to supply the\\ncity with pure water from the Mississippi river.\\nTo effect this object, an artificial mound was con-\\nstructed on the square comprised within Richard,\\nMarket, John the Baptist and Religious streets,\\nconsistingof seventy thousand cubic yards of earth,\\ntaken from the batture (deposit) of the river. The\\nwork was completed during 1834 5. The\\nreservoir is constructed on the top of this mound.", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0154.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 147\\nIt is two hundred and fifty feet square, built of\\nbrick, and divided into four compartments, mea-\\nsuring each one hundred and eighteen feet in the\\nclear. The walls and bottoms forming the reser-\\nvoir, are built with brick, and plastered with hy-\\ndraulic cement. A pavilion of an octagonal form\\nhas been erected on the intersection of the partition\\nwalls, supported by eight pillars. It is about fifteen\\nfeet wide and ten high, and affords quite a com-\\nmanding and pleasant prospect.\\nThe reservoir is supplied with water from the\\nMississippi river, by plunge pumps, worked by a\\ncondensing engine, acting expansively on Bolton\\nand Watt s plan. These pumps were adopted as\\nthe most efficacious, on account of the great quan-\\ntity of matter held in suspension by the water.\\nThey are connected to a suction pipe sixteen\\ninches in diameter, and about eight hundred feet\\nlong and to the main, descending into the reser-\\nvoir, sixteen inches in diameter and six hundred\\nfeet long. The cylinder is twenty-five inches in\\ndiameter and six feet stroke, and is calculated to\\nraise three millions gallons of water in twenty-four\\nhours. The engine and pump houses are built of\\nbrick, and are situated on the lot forming the\\ncorner of Tchapitoulas and Richard streets.\\nThe water is distributed through cast iron pipes,\\ncapable of sustaining a pressure of water of three\\nhundred feet head. They vary from eighteen to", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0155.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "148 PUBLIC BUILDINGS.\\nsix inches in diameter for the mains but the\\ngreater part of them consist of the larger sizes,\\nwhich have numerous ramifications of less dimen-\\nsions. There are two mains from the reservoir\\none of eighteen, the other of twelve inches bore,\\nwhich are gradually reduced in size as the dis-\\ntance becomes greater from the source, or as cir-\\ncumstances may require. In 1836, water was first\\npumped into the reservoir. It can be delivered in\\nthe upper part of the city twenty-one feet, and in\\nthe lower sections, twenty-seven feet above the\\nlevel of the soil.\\nThe daily average consumption of water, during\\nthe year 1844, was one million gallons and,\\nfrom the comparative great capacity of the reser-\\nvoir, sufficient time is allowed for the water to\\nsettle, in one of the four compartments, before it is\\ndrawn for the use of the city.\\nMuch good might be achieved by a more en-\\nlarged operation of these works. The water is\\ncapable of being made fit for all domestic purposes,\\nthus obviating the necessity for cisterns, the birth-\\nplace of millions of moschetoes, and, possibly the\\nsource of much sickness. For the purposes of\\nbathing it is almost indispensable and, for form-\\ning fountains, to cleanse the streets and to purify\\nand cool the air, it may be rendered equally a\\nconvenience, a luxury, and an embellishment.", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0156.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDIN S. 149\\nARMORIES.\\nA room has been fitted up in Camp street, for\\nwinch the substantial and well constructed walls\\nof the old Camp street Theatre have been used\\na building erected by James H. Caldwell, Esq.,\\nin 1822. This apartment, used as an armory for\\nthe Washington Battalion, is sixty by one hundred\\nand twenty feet, and twenty^wo feet high, and is\\ndecidedly one of the largest in New Orleans.\\nAnother armory is located at the corner of\\nPerdido and Baronne streets, in the upper part of\\nthe Carrolton Rail-Road depot. Both of these\\narmories are the depositories of arms, all kept in\\nthe best order, and disposed in various tasteful\\nforms.\\nTHE FIRE DEPARTMENT.\\nThere are in New Orleans, fifteen engine, three\\nhose, and one hook and ladder in all nineteen\\ncompanies. The city inay justly boast of the\\nenergy and efficiency of this arm of safety. The\\nmembers are exempt from military and jury\\nduty and, after a certain term, are enrolled as\\nhonorary members, who are free from the per-\\nformance of further service. The expenses of\\nthe department are defrayed by appropriations\\nfrom the municipalities, and from fines imposed\\nupon delinquent members.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0157.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "150 MANUFACTURES.\\nThe courage and bearing of these conapanies\\nduring a conflagration, are much to be admired.\\nThey proceed with that cool and determined spirit\\nthat shows a consciousness of their power in sub-\\nduing the destructive element. An excellent and\\nconvenient supply of water, which is always at\\ncommand, enables them promptly to extinguish\\nthe most dangerous fire.\\nMANUFACTURES\\nIn New Orleans, have, until recently been\\nbut little known. There are now however, seve-\\nral actively employed and well patronized branches\\nof the manufacturing business which, if not\\ncalculated to compete with those in other markets,\\nanswer a very good purpose for its own.\\nTHE IRON FOUNDRY\\nOf Messrs. Leeds Co. produces every variet)\\nof machinery, that steamboats and manufactories\\nrequire for extensive operations. It has been es-\\ntablished many years, at the corner of Foucher\\nand Delord streets, occupies nearly a whole square,\\nand is on as extensive a scale as any in the coun-\\ntry. The business-like and prompt system prac-", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0158.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "MANUFACTURES. 151\\nticed by the conductors, is known to all who\\nrequire their aid upon the whole line of the Mis-\\nsissippi and its tributaries.\\nSTEAM PLANING BULL,\\nUpon Carondelet Walk, has been in successful\\noperation over four years. Lumber is landed\\nfrom Carondelet Canal, which passes in front of\\nthe building.\\nSTEAM SAW MILLS.\\nOf these there are two; one located in the\\nthird municipality, the other five miles below the\\ncity, and both upon the banks of the river. The\\\\\\ncan furnish lumber of almost any description in\\nabundance.\\nROPE WALKS,\\nThere are several of these, in different parts\\nof the city, where cordage may be manufactured,\\nto any extent, demanded by the business of the\\nplace.\\nBesides these there are several Flour Mills, a\\nPaper Mill, Sugar Refinery, Cotton Factories, c.,\\nall in successful operation.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0159.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "152\\nTHE COTTON PRESSES.\\nTHE COTTON PRESSES.\\nThis is the place of all others, for these exten-\\nsive buildings, which, generally, occupy a square,\\nand sometimes more. They are numerous and\\nextensive establishments. A brief description of\\ntwo of the most prominent, will serve for the\\nwhole, as they very much resemble each other in\\ntheir construction.\\nTHE LEVEE COTTON PRESS,\\nErected by a company under that name, was\\ncompleted in 1832, at a cost of $500,000. No\\narchitectural effect was aimed at in the fagade,\\nwhich is, however, neat and plain. This estab-\\nlishment can press about 200,000 bales per annum.\\nmimrnirTlmm,\\nTHE ORLEANS COTTON PRESS.\\nThis vast establishment fronts on the Mississippi,\\nrunning back on Roffignac and New Levee streets.\\nThe ground occupied is six hundred and thirty-\\ntwo by three hundred and eight feet, and is nearly", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0160.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "BANKS. 153\\ncovered by the buildings. The whole was built\\naccording to designs made by Charles F. Zimpel,\\nbegun in 1833, and completed in 1835, at a cost,\\nincluding the site, of $753,558. The front on the\\nriver, although having no pretensions to archi-\\ntectural effect, is still, from its location and extent,\\nquite impressive. This press can store twenty-\\nfive thousand bales of cotton and compresses, on\\nan average, one hundred and fifty thousand bales\\nper annum but its capacity is much greater.\\nBANKS.\\nLOUISIANA STATE BANK.\\nThis building was erected in 1822, at a cost,\\nincluding the ground, of $55,000. The plan was\\nfrom Latrobe, and Benjamin Fox the architect.\\nIt stands on the corner of Royal and Bienville\\nstreets, and presents rather a plain but neat\\nexternal appearance. It is most substantially\\nbuilt the lower story is heavily arched, and the\\nbanking apartments are completely fire-proof.\\nCapital, $2,000,000.\\nTHE mechanics AND TRADERS BANK,\\nIs situated on Canal street, occupying only an or-\\ndinary house, compared to some others, and requires\\nno particular description. Capital $2;000j000.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0161.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "154\\nTHE CITY BANK\\nIs a building of the Ionic order, situated in Camp,\\nnear Canal street, and designed by W. L. Atkin-\\nson, architect. Its construction was commenced\\nin 1837, and finished in 1838, under the superin-\\ntendence of J. Gallier, at a cost of about $50,000.\\nThe banking room is admired for its elegant sim-\\nplicity. Capital $2,000,000.\\nTHE GAS BANK.\\nThis building, in St. Charles street, between\\nCanal and Common streets, is so closely squeezed\\nin among others, that it has little opportunity to", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0162.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "BANKS. 155\\nshow off the bea uty it possesses. It was erected in\\n1839, under the superintendence of Sidel Stew-\\nart, at an expense of about $25,000, ground\\n825,000, making $50,000, and is every way\\nwell calculated for a banking house. The origi-\\nnal capital was 84,000,000, but it was reduced\\nto 8180,000, and by request of the stockholders,\\nthe banking privileges have been withdrawn by an\\nact of the Legislature of 1845.\\nTHE CANAL BANK\\nHas its entrance in the centre of the front on\\nMagazine street, of a substantial granite building\\nwhich stands on that and the corner of Gravier\\nstreet. That portion of the edifice is very taste-\\nfully arranged after the designs of Dakin, the\\narchitect. It was erected in 1845. The residue\\nof the structure is used for stores. Capital,\\n84,000,000.\\nTHE BANK OF LOUISIANA.\\nIs a fine Ionic building at the south-west corner\\nof Royal and Conti streets, surrounded by a\\nhandsome court. The whole edifice is well ar-\\nranged, the banking room in particular, is ad-\\nmired for its good architectual effect, being 60\\nfeet square, and of a proportionate height, with a\\nfine gallery above. It was commenced by Bic-\\nkle, Hamlet and Fox, builders, in 1826, and fin-", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0163.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "156\\nPUBLIC BUILDINGS.\\nished the following year, at a cost of ^80,000\\nCapital 84,000,000.\\nBANKS ARCADE\\nOccupies the front of a square on Magazine\\nwtreet, between Gravier and Natchez streets, hav-\\ning a main entrance, fiom each of those last named,\\nto the Arcade, which divides the building through\\nthe whole length being three stories high, and\\ncovered in with glass, to exclude rain and admit\\nthe lio;ht. In the lower and second stories, are\\noffices of almost all descriptions and the third is\\nappropriated mostly to sleeping rooms.\\nThe bar-room, opening on Magazine street, is\\n100 by 60 feet, and 35 in height. It is hand-\\nsomely embellished, has a gallery surrounding", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0164.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS.\\n157\\nthe upper story, and is a popular place for public\\nmeetings. It will accomodate 5,000 people on\\nsuch occasions. This building stands in the centre\\nof business, and, consequently, is a place of\\ngreat resort for merchants and others. Erected\\nby Thomas Banks in 1833, Charles Zimple,\\narchitect.\\n^S^-%%\\n^^-M. MjHimi]^\\nCITY EXCHANGE.\\nThis magnificent edifice, which is one of the\\ngreatest ornaments of the city, fronts on three\\nstreets about 300 feet on St. Louis, and 120\\neach on Royal and Chartres street the buil-\\nding being intended by the projectors to combine\\nthe convenience of a city exchange, hotel, bank,\\nlarge ball rooms, and private stores.\\nThe principal fagade, on St. Louis street, may\\nbe generally described as being composed of the\\nTuscan and Doric orders. The main entrance is\\nformed by six columns of the composite Doric", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0165.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "158 PUBLIC BUILDINGS.\\norder. Through this portico, access is had to the\\nvestibule of the Exchange, a handsome, though\\nsimple hall, 127 by 40 feet. This room is appro-\\npriated to general business, and constantly open\\nduring waking hours. You pass through this into\\none of the most beautiful rotu das in America,\\nwhich is devoted exclusively to business, and is\\nopen from noon to three o clock P. M. This fine\\nroom is surrounded by arcades and galleries, al-\\nways open to the public, (Sundays excepted, )and\\nits general appearance cannot fail to impress upon\\nthe mind a most favourable idea of its grandeur\\nand beauty. The dome is most tastefully laid off\\nin compartments, within which the magic pencils\\nof Canova and Pinoli have portrayed allegorical\\nscenes and the busts of eminent Americans, in\\nrich fresco a style of painting comparatively\\nnew in t e United States. The floors of the\\ngallery which engird the rotunda, and the winding\\nstairs leading to them, are of iron.\\nBy a side entrance on St. Louis-street, access\\nis obtained to the second story the front of which,\\non this street, is occupied by a suite of ball-rooms\\nand their dependencies. The great ball room is\\nmagnificent in its size and decorations. The buil-\\nding also has a capacious entrance on Royal-\\nstreet, as a hotel that can accommodate 200\\npersons. At the corner of Chartres street are the\\npublic baths. In the spring of 1840 this building", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0166.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 159\\nwas nearly burnt down\u00e2\u0080\u0094 but, in less than two\\nyears, it was completely restored to its original\\nsplendor.\\nTHE COMMERCIAL EXCHANGE.\\nThis edifice is now being erected upon the south\\nwest corner of St. Charles and Perdido streets,\\nfronting one hundred and three feet upon the for-\\nmer, and running one hundred upon the latter.\\nThe main part of the building is to be constructed\\nof brick and stuccoed; the upper portion is purely\\nCorinthian the lower entirely Tuscan. The prin-\\ncipal entrance on St. Charles street, is by a portico\\nsupported by two Ionic pillars, and the same num.\\nber of pilastres, composed of granite. The vesti-\\nbule is eleven feet deep, which admits visitors by\\nthree separate doors into the exchange saloon, the-", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0167.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "160 PUBLIC BUILDINGS.\\nmost spacious apartment of the kind in the United\\nStates it being seventy by one hundred feet, and\\ntwenty seven to the ceiling, which is supported by\\ntwelve well arranged and substantial pillars. At\\nthe rear of this public room are two others, intend-\\ned for the accommodation of auctioneers^ leaving\\nonly sufficient space on the left for the necessary\\noffices and access to the second floor.\\nThe structure shows three stories in front on\\nthe second of which is the news room, expressly\\narranged for the occupation of the New Orleans\\nReading Room. This apartment is fifty-five by\\neighty-three feet, and thirty-seven to the ceiling;\\nand is lighted by thirty-six windows. A portico,\\nwith a recess of eleven feet, occupies the immedi-\\nate front, supporting the pediment by two Corin-\\nthian pillars, and an equal number of pilastres.\\nTwo rooms are set apart in connection with this\\nestablishment, one for the accommodation of cap-\\ntains of vessels, and one for that of sugar-brokers.\\nOn each side of the news-room are ranges of offices,\\nto which admission is obtained by corridors on the\\ninner side. Immediately over these, the third floor\\nis arranged in the same manner. The intention\\nof the company, under whose auspices this ex-\\nchange is building, is, to furnish to the mercantile\\ncommunity a place solely for the transaction of\\nbusiness, similar to Lloyd s of London. There\\nare to be no liquors sold on the premises. Mr.", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0168.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BinLDINGS.\\n161\\nGallier is the architect, and builder, and the build-\\ning and land cost #90,000.\\nTHE merchants EXCHANGE,\\nFronting on Royal street and Exchange Place,\\nwas erected by a joint stock company in 1835-6,\\nfrom the designs and under the superintendence\\nof Mr. Dakin, architect. Both fronts are of\\nmarble, in a plain and bold style. The cost of\\nthe erection was f 100,000.\\nTHE merchants READING ROOM,\\nEntrance from Royal street and Exchange\\nPlace. This reading room occupied a spacious\\napartment in the second story of the Merchants\\nExchange, and is under the patronasre and control", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0169.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "162 PUBLIC BUILDINGS.\\nof the company interested in that building. It is\\ngenerally supplied with nnost of the newspapers\\nof the country, and has received a patronage\\nquite equal to the extent of its accommodations.\\nTHE NEW ORLEANS READING ROOMS\\nOccupy the second story of a spacious building\\non the corner of Common and St. Charles streets,\\nopposite the Exchange and Verandah hotels.\\nThis is an enterprise started upon the plan of\\nGalignani s, in Paris, and Lloyd s, in London\\nprofessing to supply the earliest commercial and\\ngeneral information. The fixtures are arranged\\nwith a degree of neatness and convenience that is\\nextremely gratifying to the stranger, who has a\\nspare hour to devote to reading. Here he can pe-\\nruse the latest papers, not only from almost every\\nsection of the United States, but English, French,\\nGerman, Mexican, Irish, Scotch, and Colonial,\\ntogether with all the periodicals, to his heart s con-\\ntent. The merchant can see the prices current\\nfrom nearly every part of the world arrivals and\\ndepartures of vessels and of travellers sales of\\nthe great staples and merchandise and their prices,\\nand many such matters of interest to the business\\nman.", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0170.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 163\\nTHE PUBLIC SCHOOLS,\\nIn each parish, have heretofore been placed\\nunder the management of a board of five adminis-\\ntrators, who reported annually to the secretary of\\nstate the condition of those under their direction.\\nThis system has been adhered to, till very recent-\\nly, in the first and third municipalities. In the\\nsecond a change took place in 1841, which has\\nproved to be so complete a revolution, is attended\\nwith such important results to this large portion of\\nthe city, and so extended its influence even to the\\nneighboring parishes, that it is referred to with a\\ndegree of pleasure which can only be surpassed\\nby our pride in its success.\\nIn accordance with an act of the legislature,\\napproved the 14th of February, 1841, authorizing\\nthe municipalities of New Orleans to establish\\npublic schools, the authorities of the second muni-\\ncipality set themselves at work with a will. They\\nselected twelve of their fellow-citizens as a board\\nof directors for public schools, together with a\\nstanding committee on public education, to whom\\nwere granted almost unlimited powers.\\nZealous of acquitting themselves with honor,\\nthey at once looked to the fountain head, to New\\nEngland, where the best schools in the country\\nexisted, and secured the aid of Mr. J. A. Shaw,\\nwho was perfectly conversant with all the im-", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0171.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "164 PUBLIC SCHOOLS.\\nprovements, and placed this efficient gentleman at\\nthe head of the department as superintendent.\\nFrom a despairing beginning, in less than one\\nyear, the prospect seemed to be most cheering.\\nCommencing with only thirteen children of each\\nsex, it increased, in two years, to ten hundred and\\nsixty-one in actual attendance and nearly double\\nthat number enrolled.\\nThus far these schools occupied rooms under\\nthe Methodist church in Poydras street, and a new\\nbuilding, called the Washington school, on Maga-\\nzine, at the corner of Basin street but since that,\\nthe undertaking has been continually extending,\\nuntil it was found necessary to erect another\\nstructure, the Franklin school, on St. Charles\\nstreet all of which are now scarcely sufficient to\\nanswer the increasing demand for admission.\\nThat, which at first was tested as an experi-\\nment, has proved to be a successful enterprise,\\nproducing an example which promises to have a\\nbeneficial influence over the southern method of\\neducation. It found strong opposition and preju-\\ndice to contend against, but these have subsided\\nand the children of the rich and the poor are\\nseated side by side, sharing advantages and stri-\\nving intellectually the only distinction recogni-\\nzed among them teaching one, as well as\\ninforming the other, that adventitious wealth\\nconfers no superiority over the fortunate competi-\\ntor, when enoraged in a contest of the mind.", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0172.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 165\\nThe third municipality school is under the\\ncharge of Mr. Geo. W. Harby. All the branches\\nof a good education are taught here in the English,\\nFrench and Spanish languages. Although this\\nschool is under excellent discipline, and has all\\nthe advantages of a classical and gentlemanly\\nteacher, it still has labored under the old regime,\\nand could have educated double the number that\\nhave attended it. That nothing stands still is as\\napplicable to the intellectual as to the physical\\nworld. Already the spirit of improvement, that\\nhas done so much for the second municipality, is\\nbusy in the first and third and though slowly, it is\\nas sure, eventually, to push its way into them as\\nwater is to find its own level. Beside the public\\nschools, there are many private seminaries of a\\nhigh order, and conducted by teachers of ability,\\nwhere the wealthy, who have objections to those\\nabove designated, may send their children for in-\\nstruction.\\nThe education of youth is of the utmost impor-\\ntance to a country especially to one like this,\\nthat should be governed by the intelligence of its\\ncitizens. The portals to learning should be\\nthrown wide open, equally to all for upon know-\\nledge is based the beautiful temple of liberty.\\nTear away this foundation and the fair edifice\\nmust fall. Cherish and support it, and freedom", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0173.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "1G6 LYCEUM AND LIBRARY.\\nwill become as permanent as our rocks, as ever-\\nlasting as our hills.\\nPUBLIC SCHOOL LYCEUM AND SOCIETY LIBRARY.\\nThe intention of this undertaking, is to establish\\na library for the benefit of the juvenile class of\\nthe second municipality, by the voluntary sub-\\nscriptions and contributions of the scholars at-\\ntached to the public schools, and by private dona-\\ntions. To advance this important object, the\\ncommon council passed an ordinance organising\\nthe establishment, regulating and directing its pro-\\nceedings, and tendering liberal advantages to en-\\ncourage success in its operations. When $5000\\nare subscribed they are pledged to furnish rooms\\nto accommodate the library and, as soon as it\\namounts to $15,000, to purchase ground and erect\\nsuitable buildings. It also provides that, at a cer-\\ntain period, a chemical and philosophical appa-\\nratus shall be purchased, and lectures delivered\\nonce a week, during eight months of the year, by\\nthe most competent men in the country, on astron-\\nomy, geology, chemistry, natural and moral philo-\\nsophy navigation, book-keeping, engineering,\\ncivil architecture and design, and such other use-\\nful branches as may be determined by the direc-\\ntors who are the same as those of the public\\nschools, with the mayor, recorder and aldermen\\nas ex-ojicio members. The scholar paying twenty-", "height": "2708", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0174.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "LYCEUM AND LIBRARY. |67\\nfive cents a month, or three dollars a year, for\\nthree years, is constituted a life member, and for\\never after may have access to this excellent insti-\\ntution. Such has been the success of this under-\\ntakmg that a building will soon be provided, and\\nvery httle time will transpire before it will realize\\nall the advantages that its beginning promised. To\\n^amuelJ Peters, Esq., particularly, is this city\\nindebted for introducing and maturing this mea-\\nsure\u00e2\u0080\u0094and for generous presents, to many othor\\ncitizens and strangers, who have not permitted\\ntheir names to come before the world.\\nThe growing popularity of the ^^Peophs Ly.\\nceumr and of the Young Men^s Literary Assoda-\\ntion, IS noticed with no ordinary feelings of gra-\\ntification. These, commenced and continued by\\nthe young, fostered and cherished by all\u00e2\u0080\u0094 have\\nbecome a cheering sight to the eye of the chris-\\ntian, the patriot, and the philanthropist. Estab-\\nlished upon judicious principles, tending to aive a\\nwholesome direction and salutary stimulus to the\\nmmd of their members, the moral influence may\\nbe deemed of incalculable consequence to this\\ng rowmg metropolis. History and science are the\\nleading objects of their inquiry, facilitated and\\nencouraged by the delivery of lectures, affording,\\nnot only instruction but recreation-creatin^ a\\ntaste tor the rapid acquirement of knowledo-e\u00e2\u0080\u0094", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0175.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "168\\nMEDICAL COLLEGE.\\ngiving a new impulse to the intellectual powers,\\nand to the advancement of literature all nobly\\ncontributing to the refinement and happiness of\\nmankind. These, and others in the course of\\nbeing established under the auspices of our most\\neloquent and learned literati, the city may class\\namong the brightest of her jewels.\\nMEDICAL COLLEGE OF LOUISIANA.\\nThis building is erected on a fine lot of ground,\\non the corner of Common and Philippa streets,\\ngranted to the college by a recent act of the legis-\\nlature. It was designed by, and completed under\\nthe direction of Mr. Dakin, architect, whose repu-\\ntation is a guaranty for its taste and elegance.\\nThe location is retired, and yet near all the pub-\\nlic buildings and thoroughfares. The faculty of\\nthis institution are gentlemen of superior qualifi-\\ncations, enthusiastic in their zeal to give it the\\nfirst place among the kindred establishments of", "height": "2677", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0176.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 169\\nthe country. The advantages of New Orleans,\\nfor acquiring a practical knowledge of medicine\\nand surgery, are superior to any city in the\\nUnited States, especially for the study of all dis-\\neases peculiar to a southern climate. The facilities\\nfor prosecuting the study of anatomy and surgery\\nare unrivalled. The school is well furnished\\nwith models, plates, casts, and every thing neces-\\nsary for illustrations. The requisitions for gra-\\nduation are those adopted by the best colleges.\\nWith these advantages presented to southern stu-\\ndents, they will see the benefits resulting from an\\ninstitution built up among them, conducted by\\ngentlemen acquainted by experience with the\\nwants of the country.\\nTHE NATIONAL GALLERY OF PAINTINGS.\\nThis establishment occupies rooms, expressly\\nbuilt for its accommodation, at 13 St. Charles\\nstreet, and was opened in 1844, under the personal\\ninspection of the proprietor, Mr G. Cooke, who is\\nhimself an artist of taste, and well known among\\nthe profession. The principal object was, to form\\na rallying point for the exhibition of the works of\\ncelebrated artists, both of foreign and American\\norigin, and to dispose of such as might please the\\nfancy of the public, at a certain fixed price.\\nHere, visitors will have an opportunity of selecting\\ncopies and originals from a quarter that may be", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0177.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "170 If ATIONAL GALLERY.\\nrelied upon, works both of the old masters, and\\nof the best of the modern schools.\\nThe proprietor is under obligations to a number\\nof the gentlemen of this city, connoisseurs of paint-\\ning, for the exhibition of some of the most promi-\\nnent pieces. From R. D. Shepherd, Esq., he has\\na picture by Rothmel, representing De Soto discov-\\nei ingthe Mississippi. If this artist should leave\\nno other work, his reputation, as a genius of no\\nordinary ability, will remain as durable as the\\ncanvas on which he has pourtrayed the Spaniard\\nand the Father of Waters.\\nFrom James Robb, Esq., whose magnificent\\ncollection of modern paintings is better known in\\nother cities than our own, the gallery has received\\nits richest treasures, and most valuable contribu-\\ntions. The chef d oeuvre is from the pencil of a\\nnative artist now at Rome, Leutze and illus-\\ntrates this sentence in our Lord s prayer deliver\\nus from evil. To speak of this gem in terms\\nequal to its merits, would place it immeasurably\\nabove the estimation of the age in which we live.\\nAware that it may be considered presumption to\\ncompare living genius with the justly venerated\\nnames of the immortal dead, whose works, on\\naccount of their antiquity and intrinsic worth, are\\ndoubly valued yet, at the risk of losing our little\\nreputation in such matters, we venture the asser-\\ntion that this picture of Leutze s will compare with", "height": "2677", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0178.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "NATIONAL GALLERY. 171\\nthe most beautiful of the Italian school, and is ex-\\ncelled by none in America, not excepting those of\\nour lamented and talented Alston. This picture\\nalone would make any gallery in Europe attrac-\\ntive, and the public are greatly indebted to Mr.\\nRobb for the opportunity he has afforded them of\\nseeing not only this, but many other brilliant pro-\\nductions.\\nHere, also, is a landscape of no ordinary excel-\\nlence, by Boddington, an English artist, who has\\nmost successfully represented one of his native\\nscenes, in a style of handling peculiarly true\\nand free. Here may be seen four of Doughty s\\nbest landscapes, and several fine specimens from\\nthe pencils of Cole and Chapman. The portrait\\nof Col. David Crocket, as large as life, in his\\nforest costume, by Chapman, and two large altar\\npieces, copied from celebrated works in the Vatican\\nThe Entombing of Christ, after Corregio and\\nThe Crucifixion of St.Peter, after Guido comprise\\na portion of the more recent additions to the gallery.\\nAmong the most attractive performances, are\\nThe Wreck of the Medusa, The Roman Forum, and\\na Sketch of Rome from the pencil of the proprie-\\ntor. The first of these is very much admired\\nbut, to the classical visitor, the last two are far\\nmore fascinating calling up, as they do, with all\\ntheir endearing associations, our happy school-day\\nremembrances.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0179.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "172 NATIONAL OALLERY.\\nMuch more might be said respecting this estab-\\nlishment, but the brevity of these pages will not\\npermit an indulgence of our wishes in a more\\nminute detail.\\nIt is probably the general impression of stran-\\ngers, suggested by the limited number and extent\\nof the public galleries of paintings in this city,\\nthat there is, among us, an entire deficiency of a\\nproper taste for the fine arts. And we may, our-\\nselves, inadvertantly have contributed to such an\\nimpression, by representing our citizens as ex-\\nclusively absorbed in commercial pursuits. It\\nmust be received, however, with many abatements.\\nWe have our artists, and n\u00c2\u00aet a few of them, who\\nare highly talented, and deservedly patronised.\\nThere are choice collections of paintings in the\\npossession of several private gentlemen, other than\\nthose already alluded to among which are many\\nvaluable productions, not only of the modern but\\nancient masters, purchased at enormous prices.\\nAmong others, those owned by our highly es-\\nteemed fellow-citizens, Glendy Burke, H. R. W.\\nHill, and Joseph M. Kennedy, Esqs., are well worth\\na visit of the connoisseur and admirer of fine spe-\\ncimens of the arts, to which the known courtesy\\nof the proprietors will ch-^^erfully afford ready\\naccess. The only original painting of the famous", "height": "2677", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0180.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "THE PRESS. 173\\nWilkie in this country, is in the splendid collec-\\ntion of Mr. Burke.\\nSeveral fine specimens of original statues are in\\nthe possession of James Dick, and John Hagan,\\nEsqs., which are not excelled by any collection in\\nthis country.\\nTHE PRESS.\\nWhat is it but a map of busy life,\\nIts fluctuations, and its vast concerns V\\nThe diurnal press of this country, is not only a\\nmighty political engine, but one of the utmost im-\\nportance in a commercial and literary point of\\nview. Its increase, within a few years past, like\\nits extending liberty, is without a parallel, and\\nalmost beyond belief. Junius, in his peculiar\\nmanner, observes, that they who conceive that\\nour newspapers are no restraint upon bad men, or\\nimpediment to the execution of bad measures,\\nknow nothing of this country. The force of this\\nremark applies nowhere better than to the Press\\nof the United States.\\nEvery enlightened American, who loves the\\nconstitution of his country, and correctly estimates\\nits lofty principles, will lend his aid to preserve", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0181.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "174 THE PRESS.\\nthese invaluable privilea^es from the violation of\\npower on the one hand, and the equally injurious\\noutrages of popular licentiousness on the other.\\nThe press of this city comes in for a portion of\\nthe credit that is attached to that of th-e country\\nmore particularly for its elaborate commercial\\ndetails and general literature. To embody the\\nspirit of the age to relieve the grave by the gay;\\nand to embellish the useful by the amusing, is its\\ndaily task. The choicest of home and foreign lit-\\nerature is found in the leading issues from the New\\nOrleans press. It is equally interesting to the mer-\\nchant and the general reader and it preserves,\\nabove all its cotemporaries of other cities, a self-\\nrespect that does infinite credit to the gentlemen to\\nwhose hands the important trust is confided.\\nThere are eight daily papers published in New\\nOrleans three of which may be rated as of the\\nmammoth size the other five are smaller, but\\nof sufficient dimensions to furnish the ordinary\\nnews of the day. They are as follows\\nThe Louisiana Courier is the only evening\\npaper of the city, and is published in French and\\nEnglish. This is the pioneer, before referred to\\nin this work, under the name of La Moniteur.\\nThe Bee, also in French and English, and the\\nCommercial Bulletin, in English, make up the\\nthree mammoth sheets. The Picayune, the Tropic,\\nthe Jeffersonian Republican, the Native American,", "height": "2677", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0182.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "THE PRESS. 175\\nand the New Orleans Times, are all in English.\\nThe New Orleans Price Current is a very useful\\npublication, issued twice a week.\\nIn addition to these, the Catholics and Protes-\\ntants each have their weekly Journals, and the\\nMedical faculty their bi-nnonthly Periodicals, edited\\nby the most prominent members of the profession,\\nand devoted to Medicine, and Collateral Sciences.\\nThey are intended to bring forth the industry\\nand talents of the profession in the South, and to\\nfurnish the most recent information of its progress\\ngenerally.\\nThe subject of Organic Chemistry is that to\\nwhich, at the present day, the eyes of all thinking\\nmembers of the profession are directed, and upon\\nwhich their hope of progress mainly depends,\\nthe relations of chemical action to the functions\\nof organized matter, the application of chemistry\\nto physiology and pathology, are to be treated of\\nas fully as present knowledge extends.\\nSuch contributions to the noble science, in\\nwhich these gentlemen have long been successful\\nlabourers, cannot fail to be properly estimated\\nthroughout the scientific world.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0183.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "176 AMUSEMENTS.\\nAMUSEMENTS.\\nAt the commencement of the holydays, the city\\nbegins to put on a gay aspect. Visitors, from all\\nparts of the habitable globe, have arrived, either\\non business or pleasure. A general round of\\nballs, masquerades, soirees and parties begin, and\\nare continued without intermission during the sea-\\nson. Theatres and operas, with their stars and\\nprima donnas, circuses and menageries, bell-ringers\\nand serenaders, are in full success and New Or-\\nleans, filled with every description of amusement,\\nfrom the top of the drama down to Judy and Punch.\\nStrangers are surprised and delighted at the splen-\\ndor that is carried out in these circles of pleasure,\\nOur present object, however, is merely to describe\\nthe most conspicuous places of public resort.\\nORLEANS THEATRE.\\nThe site of this building was occupied by an\\nedifice erected for dramatic performances in 1813,\\nsomewhat on the plan of the one now existing.\\nThis, which was built by a joint stock company,\\nwas burnt to the ground in 1816. Mr. John\\nDavis afterwards became the sole proprietor, and\\nbegan the erection of the present theatre.", "height": "2677", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0184.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "AMUSEMENTS.\\n17^\\nThe building was opened by the first dramatic\\ncorps, ever in Louisiana directly from France, in\\nNovember, 1819. The total cost of the edifice\\nwas about $180,000. The lower story is of the\\nRoman Doric order, certainly not a pure speci-\\nmen. The upper is what may be called the\\nCorinthian composite. The interior and scenic\\narrangements of the house are excellent for seeins:\\nand hearing, having a pit, or parquette, quite\\nelevated and commodious, with grated boxes at\\nthe side for persons in mourning two tiers of\\nboxes, and one of galleries above the whole\\nbeing of such a form as to afford the greatest\\naccommodation to the spectators.\\nNothing can exceed the decorum of the audi-\\nence, except the brilliancy of the dress circle,\\nwhich, (m certain occasions, is completely filled", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0185.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "178 AMUSEMEKTS,\\nwith the beautiful ladies of our city, in full eve-\\nning costume. The performances are in the\\nFrench language, and the stock company always\\nrespectable. The orchestra is excellent. Melo-\\ndramas and operas are perfectly got up at this\\nhouse. The strict adherence to nature and histo-\\nry, in costume and manners, will never fail to\\nplease the man of taste who visits the Orleans\\ntheatre.\\nTHE NEW ST. CHAULES THEATRE,\\nLike the phoenix, literally arose from the ashes\\nof its predecessor. The first house was erected\\nby the sole exertions of James H. Caldwell, Esq.,\\nin 1835, at the cost of 8250,000, exclusive of the\\nground. It occupied one hundred and twenty-\\nnine feet front by one hundred and eighty-six deep,\\nand was seventy-six high. It held four thousand\\npeople, and was the fourth in size in the world\\none at St. Petersburg, in Russia, another at Pes-\\ncala, in Milan, and the third at San Carlos, in\\nNaples, were those only which excelled it in size.\\nIt was destroyed by fire in 1842. That structure\\nwas styled the lemple of the Drama, and the\\ncity had good reason to be proud of such an orna-\\nment.\\nThe present building has a front of seventy-\\nnine feet on St. Charles street, extends back one\\nhundred and forty-nine, and is fifty-three high.", "height": "2677", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0186.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "AMUSEMENTS. 179\\nThe main entrance and front wall are remains of\\nthe former establishment which, from the sub-\\nstantial workmanship, resisted the conflagration\\nso effectually as to be made available the second\\ntime. Passing this memento, the spectator finds\\nhimself in the vestibule, thirty-four by twenty,\\nthree feet, from which a double flight of geometri-\\ncally formed stairs ascend to the first tier. Here\\nthe pit is seen in a semi-circular shape. The\\ncentre box is but fifty-one feet from the foot lights,\\nwhich brings the audience within a convenient\\ndistance of the stage. The depth of the front\\nboxes to the rear is twenty-one feet. The prosce-\\nnium presents an elevation of tbirty-nine feet in\\nthe clear, by fifty in width. The upper circles of\\nboxes possess the like advantage of the first, in\\nrespect to a distinct view of the performances.\\nThe fronts of the boxes consist of an open\\nbalustrade, producing a novel, and agreeable\\neffect. The dome is ornamented with sunken\\npanels, suitablj embellished with emblematic de-\\nvices. A golden-fringed national drapery falls\\nfrom the proscenium, displaying an ingeniously\\ncontrived allegory in the centre. Four columns\\nsustain an ornamented entablature above, compos-\\ned of a mixed style of architecture, and copied\\nafter those of the celebrated temple of Benares.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0187.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "180 AMUSEMENTS\\nTHE AMERICAN THEATRE,\\nBurnt on the 30th of July, 1842, was rebuilt\\nand reopened on the 5th of December following,\\nat a cost of 828,000. The building is ninety by\\none hundred and fifty feet, and sufficiently eleva-\\nted for all the purposes of the drama, but irregular\\nin its altitude. The depth of the stage is sixty\\nfeet, and the width of the proscenium thirty-eight.\\nThe house will accommodate over fifteen hundred\\npersons. It stands near Lafayette square, on\\nPoydras street; and, from its isolated position,\\npresents quite an imposing appearance.\\nTHE CIRCUS.\\nThe company have fitted up the old depot of\\nthe Carrolton rail-road, situated on the corner of\\nPoydras and Baronne streets, as a place for exhi-\\nbiting feats of horsemanship. As the buildings\\npossess no especial interest beyond these perform-\\nances, they require no particular description but\\nas this amusement has an attraction for almost\\nevery class of visitors, not to have referred to it\\nmiffht have been deemed an inexcusable oversiirht.\\nThere is a stage attached to this establishment\\nand farces and the ballet relieve the monotony of\\nthe sports of the ring.", "height": "2677", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0188.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "THE PUBLIC SQUARES.\\nAlthough the public squares in New Orleans\\nare neither numerous, nor upon a very extended\\nscale, they are located with good taste, and are\\nexceedingly convenient. The centres of Canal,\\nEsplanade, Rampart and Basin streets have a\\nvery considerable space set apart for embellish-\\nments. Shrubbery, and other ornaments, are in\\nprogress, and they already begin to assume a\\nbeauty that does much credit to the city authori-\\nties. Nothing is more conducive to health than\\nthese pleasant resorts for wholesome exercise.\\nHere the toil-worn citizen, the wearied scholar,\\nand the confined artizan, may breathe the fresh\\nair, enjoy a delightful morning or evening prome-\\nnade, and catch an imaginary enjoyment, in\\nminiature, of the blessed country.\\nWashington Square is in the third municipal-\\nity is bounded by the Elysian Fields, Great-\\nMen s, Casa Calvo and Frenchmen streets.\\nThough admirably situated, owing to the distance", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0189.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "182 PUBLIC SQUARES,\\nit stands from the denser portion of the city, it has\\nnot yet received those attentions which, at some\\nfuture day, will render it a beautiful promenade.\\nPlace d Armes, or Parade Square, is still more\\nprominent, and is embellished with fine trees\\nbut, as it is in the centre of the first municipality,\\nwith the public buildings on one front and the\\nlevee on the other, it is a matter of surprise that\\nit has not been improved in a style worthy of the\\ninhabitants who, certainly are capable of appre-\\nciating the advantages of such delightful grounds.\\nCircus Place is below Rampart street, with St.\\nClaude on the rear, and St. Ann and St. Peter\\nstreets on its sides. This is the square once known\\nas Congo Park and is the place where the ne-\\ngroes, in olden times, were accustomed to meet to\\nwhile away the cares of servitude. Many an old\\ninhabitant can remember when he beheld these\\nthoughtless beings dancing Old Virginia never\\ntire, or some other favorite air, with such a\\nhearty gusto, upon the green sward, that the very\\nground trembled beneath their feet. Though the\\nloud laugh, and the unsophisticated break-down,\\nand double-shuffle of these primitive days have\\nceased, the spot yet remains, with all its reminis-\\ncences, as original as ever, with its capabilities of\\nimprovement still unimpaired.\\nLafayette Square is decidedly the handsomest\\nin the city. It is in the second municipality, and", "height": "2677", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0190.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC SQUARES. 183\\nhas St. Charles and Camp streets in front and\\nrear, and several public buildings in its immediate\\nneighborhood. It has a handsome and substantial\\niron railing around it, based upon well laid blocks\\nof granite; is well laid off in regular walks, and\\nis ornamented with beautiful and rare shrubbery,\\nset out with geometrical accuracy on a raised sur-\\nface, calculated to make it dry and pleasant.\\nAnnunciation Square, in the same municipal-\\nity, is the largest, and, consequently, may some\\nday become the most elegant in the city. Orange\\nand Race streets are on its front and rear and\\nfacing are some very tasteful private residences.\\nTivoLi Circle, as its name would imply, is a\\ncircular piece of land laid off as a public ground\\nin Nyade, at the head of St. Charles sireet, and is\\nintended to be ornamented.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0191.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "THE OLDEN TIME.\\nAntiquity the olden time the hoary, venerable\\npast there is something sacred and soul subdu-\\ning in the very sound of the words. Like the\\ndying echo of the last tones of the departed, it is\\nfull of hallowed memories, and cherished associ-\\nations, that haunt the inner chambers of the imagi-\\nnation, and linger with a mournful tenderness\\nabout the better feelings of the heart.\\nBut what have we to do with Antiquity They\\nof the old World, who were grey with time and\\ntottering with decay when, but yesterday, they saw\\nus spring into being, laugh at our sometime boast\\nof Antiquity and well they may, for it is hardly as\\nwell substantiated as that of the simple boy who\\nconceived himself the oldest person in the world,\\nbecause he could not remember when he was\\nborn. Yet even we, in the New Worl^, we, of\\nits second or third generation, whose fathers were\\npresent at its birth and baptism, even toe begin to\\ntalk gravely of the olden time, and to sigh and\\nlook sad over the melancholy grandeur of the past\\nWell, be it so. In these stirring times, an age\\nis shorter, and sooner achieved, than in those of the", "height": "2677", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0192.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "^1\\n1 U\\\\\\\\ TOU _ RUE ST LOUIS\\nill r !L^.n P7^ E^ rn n\\nE DE BIENVILLE\\n11 vi\\naGonm\\n3 RUE ST PIERRE\\nI\\nRUE ST ANNE\\n[^\u00e2\u0096\u00a1\u00e2\u0096\u00a1\u00e2\u0096\u00a1\u00e2\u0096\u00a1Q\\nllJ tV M E OU: MAINE\\nnun\\nHDD\\nARSENAL\\nnn\\n]n", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0193.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2677", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0194.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "THE OLDEN TIME. 187\\nsluggish eld. Time is measured by events, and\\nnot by revolutions of the sun by the progress of\\nthe mind, not by the slow sifting sands of the hour\\nglass, and the amazing precocity of these latter\\ndays makes many ages out of a single century.\\nBut what a vandal spirit is innovation what a\\nruthless destroyer is this boasted modern improve-\\nment It sweeps over the land with the energy\\nof a new creation, demolishing and scattering\\nwhatever lies in its way, for the mere pleasure of\\nreproducing it in a new and better form. It re-\\nmoves the ancient land marks, obliterates the last\\ntraces of ancient power and grandeur, levels\\nmountains, fills up valleys, turns the courses of\\nrivers, and makes all things bend to its iron will.\\nIt works such rapid and magical changes in its\\nheadlong career, that few of us are able to point\\nout v/hat has heen, or to predict with certainty\\nwhat ivill be to morrow, Let us cherish then,\\nwith deeper veneration, the few relics that remain\\nof the days of our fathers. Let us reverence\\nAntiquity such as it is. Let the street com-\\nmissioner, and the improver of old estates\\nSpare that ancient house,\\nTouch not a single brick\\nIt is almost alone in its sombre dignity, in the\\nmidst of younger and gayer edifices, that have\\nswept New Orleans as it was, into the shade of ob-\\nlivion. Antiquity I mean, if I may be allowed the", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0195.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "188\\nTHE OLDEN TIME.\\nIrish figure of speech modern Antiquity, her\\ncountenance grave with sorrow, with here and\\nthere a furrow upon her yet ample brow, protests\\nagainst the desecration of all that was dear and\\nsacred. Standing on the verge of annihilation,\\nwith one foot in the grave, and conscious that\\nher days are numbered, her dissolution nigh at\\nhand, she commands, she implores us to save one\\nmemento of the past, one legible souvenir of *the\\ndays of auld lang syne And here it is.\\nTHE OLD SPANISH BUILDING.\\nAt the corner of Royal and St. Anne streets, is\\ndelineated in the above engraving as it now stands\\nand long may it remain as a memorial of other\\ntimes.\\nThirty years ago which, comparatively would\\ntake us back three centuries in any European", "height": "2677", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0196.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "THE OLDEN TIME. 189\\ncity thirty years ago, one might have seen from\\nthat spot, then the centre of the city, long per-\\nspective street-scenes of a similar character. In-\\nnovation has now done her work has absolutely\\ntrodden the city of the last century under her\\nfeet.\\nThe Casa Blanca, at the corner of Bienville\\nand Old Levee Streets, has also escaped the gen-\\neral demolition. It was once the courtly residence\\nof Bienville, the first governor of Louisiana the\\nseat of power, and the centre of wealth, beauty and\\nfashion in the province. It is still on its old foun-\\ndation, standing ^alone in its glory, and the spirit\\nof innovation has so far respected its ancient uses,\\nthat it is still a treasury of wealth, and a conser-\\nvatory of the sweetness of our favored clime a\\nstore house of sugar and molasses", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0197.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2677", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0198.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "EXCURSIONS.\\nIn consequence of the level surface of the coun-\\ntry in the environs of New Orleans, a great\\nvariety of scenery cannot be expected yet, on the\\nnorthern shore of lake Pontchartrain, the ground is\\nsomewhat higher and rolling, and affords very\\npleasant positions. Although not formed like\\nthe prolific north and west, in hill and dale, cliffs\\nand cascades, alternately varying and beautifying\\nthe landscape, yet there are charming rides and\\nrambles in the neighorhood of this city, of which\\na more minute account will be given under their\\nrespective heads, which follow.\\nCarrolton, a distance of six miles by the\\nrail-road, is an exceedingly pleasant resort. The\\nline, for nearly a third of the way, passes through\\nthe suburbs of the city, and is dotted on either side\\nwith beautiful residences the remainder pass-\\nes through cultivated fields, pleasant pastures, and\\ndelightful wood-lands. The road, like the coun-\\ntry, is perfectly level, and kept in the finest con-\\ndition. At the end of the route is situated the vil-\\nlage which is principally composed of tastfully\\nbuilt cottages, constructed in every variety of", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0199.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "192\\nEXCURSIONS.\\narchitecture that suited the individual fancy of\\nthe owner. Opposite the rail-road depot, is one of\\nthe handsomest and most extensive public gardens,\\nthat is to be found in the vicinity of New Orleans.\\nA race course is near by and the strolls around\\nare quit cheering to those who fly from the tur-\\nmoil and dust of the metropolis.\\nThe shell road of the Canal and Banking Com-\\npany, affords an agreeable ride to lake Pontchar-\\ntrain, also a distance of six miles. The highway\\nruns on the margin of the canal, and is not ex-\\ncelled by any road in the United States. It is the\\ngreat resort for every species of pleasure vehicle\\nthat the city furnishes and here may be seen, on an\\nafternoon, all grades of society, from the gay sports-\\nman, mounted on his fast trotter, to the sober citi-\\nzen, who sallies forth on his ambling poney, all of\\nwhom appear to realize an equal share of enjoy-\\nment. A line of comfortably arranged barges\\nalso ply on the canal from the lake, at which\\nplace a convenient hotel is established. Half\\nway on this road, between the city and the lake,\\nis the highly celebrated Metarie race track.\\nThe pontchartrain rail-road, runs to the lake\\nfrom which it derives its name, from the head\\nof Elysian Fields street, a distance of five\\nmiles. It is a very pretty ride. This route com-\\nmunicates with the great nothern mail line, which\\ngoes by the way of Mobile and all the steamboats,", "height": "2677", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0200.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "EXCURSIONS. 193\\nthat traverse the lakes to the various villages and\\nlandings that surround it, make this their general\\nstarting point. From here, a passage is obtained\\nto Biloxi, which, the reader will recollect, was the\\nfirst spot settled by the French in this portion of\\nthe world and, from that circumstance, will natu-\\nrally excite the curiosity of the intelligent way-\\nfarer. At the termination of this rail-road is a\\nfirst-rate hotel for the accommodation of visitors.\\nHere is good bathing, fishing and shooting and,\\nbeneath the shade of the trees, the breeze from\\nthe water is delightfully refreshing.\\nThe MEXICAN gulf rail-road, runs from Elysi-\\nan-Fields street, on Good Children street, towards\\nLake Borgne. There are twenty eight miles of\\ntliis road now in operation. When finished, it\\nwill afibrd considerable facilities to commerce, be-\\nsides great benefit to the citizens, conveying them,\\nin about one and a half hours, to the refreshing\\nbreeze of the ocean where fish, oysters and\\ngame may be found in abundance. No doubt it\\nwill compete with the most favored watering\\nplaces of Bay St. Louis, Pass Christian, Boloxi,\\nc. It will also be a great accommodation to the\\nplanters in the neighbourhood who already, so far\\nas it goes, have given it good encouragement.\\nThis road has recently been purchased of the\\nState, by A. Gordon and Co., who, availing them-\\nselves of about 22 miles of the Nashville rail-\\n9", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0201.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "194 EXCUESIONS.\\nroad iron, are bringing this work to a rapid com-\\npletion.\\nThe road of bayou st. john, which follows the\\nsinuosities of that stream, and reaches lake Pont-\\nchartrain at the site of the old fort St. John, after\\ntravelling the distance of about six miles, presents\\na very pleasant drive. Returning by the new\\nShell road before mentioned, it varies the route\\nwithout adding much to the distance.\\nMacdonough stands on the banks of the river\\nopposite to New Orleans and the crossing, in the\\nhottest weather, is generally accompanied by a\\nslight breeze, rendered cool and pleasant by the\\nmighty current of the river, which comes from\\nthe icy springs of the Alleghanies and the Rocky\\nmountains. The village, of itself, possesses no\\ngreat beauty but the country, the beautiful coun-\\ntry is all around and the noise and confusion of\\nthe city no longer annoy you. The great attrac-\\ntion at this spot is in visiting the United States\\nmarine hospital, one of the handsomest structures\\nin Louisiana, which stands a little above.\\nAlgiers adjoins, and seems a part of Macdon-\\nough. This is the great work-shop of New Or-\\nleans, for the building and repairing of vessels.\\nIt has its dry docks, and other facilities for the\\nmost extensive operations. In business times, it\\npresents a scene of activity that is seldom obser-\\nved in any other part of these regions, and re-", "height": "2677", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0202.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "EXCURSIONS. 195\\nminds one of the bustling and enterprise of the\\nNorth. The period has been when Algiers pre-\\nscribed the law, vi et armis, to the city itself but\\nthe day and the disposition, have happily long\\nsince passed away.\\nGretna, on the same shore, is nearly two miles\\nfurther up the river, and stands opposite Lafay-\\nette. The whole distance is spotted with comfort-\\nable residences, principally inhabited by the\\nowners of the adjoining grounds, and the walk\\nfrom Algiers to this village is very gratifying to\\none partial to such exercise. There is a steam-\\nboat constantly plying from here to the city, which\\naffords a desirable excursion of nearly three miles,\\ntouching at Lafayette in its passage each way.\\nThe village has a rural appearance, is regularly\\nlaid out, and exhibits some neat tenements. The\\nforest approaches quite near and, the idea that\\none may so easily lose himself in the neighbour-\\ning woods, gives to the place a touch of romance\\nwhich only the denizens of a crowded city know\\nhow to appreciate. From the great number of\\ncattle observed along the shore, it would seem as\\nif there was no necessity of diluting the milk for\\nthe New Orleans market, unless the milkmen be\\ntea-total temperance men, and take this method to\\nintroduce the inhabitants gradually to a taste for\\nwater.\\nThe race courses. There are three of these", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0203.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "196 EXCURSIONS.\\nin the vicinity of this city. The Louisiana, near\\nlake Pontchartrain the Metairie, near the Shell\\nroad and the one at Carrolton. These are as\\nwell patronised as any in the country, and, in the\\nracing season, the inhabitants of the neighbouring\\nstates, from a great distance, flock hither to par-\\nticipate in the sports of the turf Much praise has\\nbeen bestowed upon the arrangements on these oc-\\ncasions. Even here, as in many other countries,\\nthe ladies, by their presence, have given them\\ncountenance and encouragement and the course\\nusually is gemmed by the rich beauty of the\\nsunny south.\\nThe battle ground, (formerly known as the\\nPlains of Chalmette, the very naming of which\\ncauses the bosom of an American to swell with\\npatriotic pride, lies five miles below the city. It\\nmay be approached either by the Grand Gulf rail-\\nroad, or by a good highway along the levee, the\\nnew Convent and United States barracks being\\nwithin full view. But first it may be necessary to\\nlook briefly at the historical facts which give ce-\\nlebrity to the spot.\\nEarly in December, 1814, the British ap-\\nproached New Orleans, about 8000 strong, by the\\nway of the lakes Borgne and Pontchartrain.\\nTheir passage into the lake was opposed by a\\nsquadron of gun-boats under Lieut. Jones. After\\na spirited conflict, in which the killed (500) and", "height": "2677", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0204.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "EXCURSIONS. 197\\nthe wounded of the enemy exceeded the whole\\nAmerican force, he was compelled to surrender to\\nsuperior numbers.\\nOn the 21st of Dec. four thousand militia ar-\\nrived from Kentucky and Tennessee, under Gen-\\neral Jackson. On the 22nd, the enemy having\\npreviously landed, took a position near the Miss-\\nissippi, eight miles below the city. On the even-\\ning of the 23d, the Americans made a furious at-\\ntack upon their camp, and threw them into disor-\\nder, with five hundred of their men killed. The\\nenemy rallied and Gen. Jackson withdrew his\\ntroops, and fortified a strong position six miles\\nbelow the city, supported by batteries on the west\\nside of the river. Here he was unsuccessfully\\nassailed on the 28th of Dec. and 1st of Jan., the\\nenemy losing two hundred to three hundred men.\\nIn the mean time both armies received reinforce-\\nments.\\nThe decisive battle was fought on the 8th day of\\nJan. 181.5. The American right was on the river,\\nrunning in a right angle to the wood. A redoubt\\nwas raised (which is still visible) strengthened by\\nbales of cotton along the whole line. The enemy\\nwere about a half mile lower down, on a parallel\\nline, their head quarters resting on the river, near\\nthree large oaks which still mark the spot. The\\nscene is distinct, and this is the battle ground.\\nThe British commenced the assault at day light.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0205.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "198 EXCURSIONS.\\nAs they approached the works, sixty deep, many\\nwere killed by grape shot but, when they came\\nwithin musket range, a destructive stream of fire\\nburst forth from the American lines. Our troops\\nwere placed in two ranks, the rear loading while\\nthe front fired, thus pouring an incessant peal\\nwhich, from Kentucky and Tennessee riflemen,\\nwas most deadly. While leading on the troops of\\nthe enemy, Gen. Pakenham, the chief in command,\\nwas killed Gen. Gibbs, the second in command,\\nwas wounded mortally; and Gen. Keene severely.\\nWithout officers to direct them, the troops halted,\\nfell back, and soon fled in confusion to their camp.\\nIn a little over an hour, two thousand out of eight\\nthousand veterans lay dead upon the field, while\\nthe Americans had but seven killed and six woun-\\nded a disproportion unparalled in the history of\\nwarfare. Gen. Lambert, upon whom the com-\\nmand then devolved, after one more unsuccessful\\nattempt to assault, availed himself of a truce of\\ntwenty-four hours to bury the dead, made good his\\nretreat which Gen. Jackson felt no disposition to\\nmolest, as he was resolved to hazard none of his\\nadvantages. Thus was New Orleans saved from\\nthe hands of an invading enemy whose War cry\\nwas Beauty and Booty.\\nThe British lost during the month they were in\\nLouisiana, more than three thousand three hun-\\ndred and fifty in killed, while the loss of the", "height": "2677", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0206.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "EXCURSIONS. 199\\nAmericans was not two hundred. The wounded\\nof the enemy must have been much less, on ac-\\ncount of the sure aim of the backwoodsmen*\\nThe greater portion of our army were plain honest\\nfarmers who knew nothing of battle they heard\\nthat their country was in danger the country\\nwhich gave a home to them, and their children,\\nand they flew to its defence, drove the invaders\\nfrom their shores, and then returned to their homes\\nto till the ground.\\nIt is not a matter of surprise though the battle\\nis without a parallel in the history of the world\\nthat even invincibles, were so dreadfully rout-\\ned by undisciplined backwoodsmen defending\\ntheir native soil, with their wives and children be-\\nhind them.\\nA jaunt to these grounds is a sort of pilgrimage,\\nthat no stranger will, that no citizen can neglect.\\nNot to have seen the field of this great victory,\\nwould be a reflection upon the taste, not to say the\\npatriotism of any who should visit our city. The\\nground it is true, presents few memorials to remind\\nthe patriotic visitor of the deadly strife. There is no\\nproud monument, towering to the sky, to mark\\nthe place where the great victory was won. But\\nhe beholds the consequences wherever he turns\\nhis eye, and he feels them deeply feels them in\\nevery throb of his heart. Those born upon the\\nsoil, and those who participated in the struggle.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0207.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "200\\nEXCURSIONS.\\nhave reason to be proud of the spot, and to cher-\\nish the memory of that eventful day. If there is\\nno lofty structure of granite or marble, to per-\\npetuate the glorious achievement, it has a holier,\\na more enduring memorial in the heart of every\\ntrue American, which thrills with lofty pride at\\nevery allusion to it, as did the ancient Greek at the\\nname of Marathon, or the Spartan at that of Ther-\\nmopylae.", "height": "2677", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0208.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "TRAVELLING ROUTES.\\nThe facilities which this metropolis affords for\\nreaching any accessible portion of the world, par-\\nticularly all sections of the union, are not excell-\\ned. Steam and sailing ships of the first class,\\nhold commercial intercourse with almost every\\nnation. Steam-boats, with accommodations equal\\nto the best regulated hotels, are plying through\\nevery river and bayou. Four to five thousand\\nmiles can be achieved, in those floating palaces,\\nwith perfect ease, and comparative safety.\\nThe principal routes between the north and the\\nsouth are here given, as also the intermediate\\nplaces, together with those inland most frequented\\nby the traveller and the man of business, and the\\ndistances carefully noted as they diverge, in their\\nvarious directions. Beside the four annexed routes\\nto New York, there are several that lead to favor-\\nite watering places, and other points attractive\\nto travellers of leisure, which it would be quite\\nimpracticable to lay down in a work of this kind.\\n9*", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0209.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "202\\nTRAVELLING ROUTES.\\nThey can always obtain information of these\\nresorts, from intelligent companions on the road,\\nthat will prevent their deviating much from the\\npoint they wish to attain. The distances on the\\nriver have been corrected agreeably to the latest\\nsurvey. The other routes conform to the most\\napproved authorities and, frequently, have been\\ncorrected by personal observation, with the utmost\\ncare and attention.\\nRotrxE 1. From JVew Or-\\nMiles.\\nleans to JSTew York, via\\nPrinceton, Miss.,\\n10\\n510\\nPittsburg, Pa., by Steamboat.\\nColumbia, Ark.,\\n45\\n555\\nMiles.l\\nBolivar, Miss.,\\n53\\n608\\nXew Orleans to Carrolton,\\n6\\nNapoleon, (Arkansas,)\\n12\\n620\\nRed Church,\\n20\\n26\\nVictoria,\\n20\\n640\\nBonne Carre Church,\\n16\\n42\\nDelta,\\n66\\n706\\nJefferson College,\\n22\\n64\\nHelena,\\n10\\n716\\nDonaldsonsville,\\n19\\n83\\nSterling,\\n10\\n726\\nLouisiana Institute,\\n12\\n95\\nPeyton, Miss.,\\n12\\n738\\nSt. Gabriel Church,\\n12\\nlo-\\nCommerce,\\n33\\n771\\nPlaquemine,\\n10\\nll?\\nBuck Island,\\n6\\n777\\nBaton Rouge,\\n23\\n140\\nMemphis, Tenn.,\\n21\\n798\\nPort Hudson,\\n25\\n165\\nDevil s Race Ground,\\n34\\n832\\nBayou Sara,\\n11\\n176\\nRandolph, Tenn.,\\n33\\n865\\nTunica Bend,\\n27\\n203\\nFulton, Tenn.,\\n11\\n876\\nRed River, cut off,\\n33\\n236\\nPlumb Point,\\n10\\n886\\nFort Adams, Miss.,\\n11\\n247\\nAshport,\\n12\\n898\\nHomo Chitta River, Miss.\\n10\\n257\\nNeedham s Cut-off,\\n8\\n906\\nEllise Cliffs, Miss.,\\n26\\n283\\nWalker s Bend,\\n31\\n937\\nNatchez, Miss.,\\n18\\n301\\nRiddel s Point,\\n18\\n955\\nRodney, Miss.,\\n31\\n332\\nNew Madrid, Mo.,\\n10\\n965\\nBruinsburg, Miss.,\\n12\\n344\\nMills Point,\\n42\\n1007\\nGrandGulf,( big black) Miss 10\\n354\\nColumbus, K.,\\n15\\n1022\\nCarthage, Miss.,\\n25\\n379\\nCairo, (Mo thOhio R r\\n11, 18\\n1040\\nWarrenton, Miss.,\\n19\\n398\\nTrinity,\\n6\\n1046\\nVicksburg, Miss.,\\n10\\n408\\nAmerica, 11.,\\n5\\n1051\\nOld River, (Yazoo,) Miss\\n12\\n420\\nCaledonia, 11.,\\n3\\n1054\\nTompkins Bend,\\n46\\n466\\nFort Massac, 11.,\\n23\\n1077\\nProvidence, La.,\\n15\\n481\\nPaducah, (M.TennR i\\n)K. 8\\n1085\\nBunch Bend,\\n19\\nI 500\\nSmithfleld,(M. Cum d) K. 1\\n1097", "height": "2677", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0210.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "TRAVELLIN ROUTES.\\n203\\nGalconda, II.,\\nTower Rock,\\nCave in the Rock,\\nBattery Rock,\\nShawneetown, II.,\\nRaleigh, K.,\\nWabash River,\\nCarthage, K.,\\nMount Vernon, la.,\\nHenderson, K.,\\nEvanville, la.,\\nOvvensboro, K.,\\nRockport,\\nTroy, la.,\\nCloverport,\\nStephensport, K., and\\nRome, la.,\\nFredonia,\\nLeavenworth,\\nMauckport, la.,\\nBrandenburg,\\nWest Point, K.,\\nPortland, K., and New\\nA Ibany, la.,\\nShlppingport,\\nLouisville, K.,\\nJetfersonville, la.,\\nWestport, K.,\\nBethlehem,\\nNew London.\\nMadison, la.,\\nPort William, K.,\\nVevay, la., and Ghent K.,\\nWarsaw, K.,\\nRising Sun, la.,\\nBellevue,\\nPetersburg,\\nAurora,\\nLawrenceburg,\\nNorth Bend,\\nCincinnatti, O., and Cov-\\nington and Newport, K.,\\nColumbia,\\nRichmond,\\nPoint Pleasant,\\nMacon,\\nNeville,\\nMechanicsburg, O.,\\nAugusta,\\nMiles.\\n1115 Levana, O., and Dover, K.\\n1130 Ripley, O.,\\n11351 Charleston, K.,\\n1144! Maysville, K., and Aber-\\n11.56, deen, O.,\\n11 6-2 Manchester, O.,\\n1168! Vanceburg,K.,\\n1175 I Alexandria,\\n1188 Portsmouth, O.,\\n1216\\n1228\\n1264\\n1276\\n1292\\n1313\\n1323\\n1357\\n2|1359\\n1373\\n1376\\n1394\\n1414\\n1415\\n1418\\n1419\\n1438\\n1444\\n1450\\n14.57\\n1471\\n1479\\n1490\\n1510\\n1512\\n1519\\n1521\\n1524\\n1531\\n1548\\n1556\\n1569\\n1573\\n1577\\n1580\\n1583\\n1590\\nMiles.\\n2 1592\\n31595\\n51600\\n7)1607\\n1111618\\n16 1634\\n18 1 1652\\n2! 1654\\n8ll662\\n13 1674\\n23,1697\\n711704\\n35|1739\\n1742\\n1772\\n1800\\n1805\\nConcord, O.,\\nGreenupsburg, K.,\\nBurlington, O.,\\nGuyandot, Va.,\\nGalliopolis, O.,\\nPoint Pleasant, 3\\nLetart s Rapids, 30\\nBelleville, Va., 28\\nTroy, O., 5\\nBelpie and Blennerhas-\\nsett s Island, 12 1817\\nParkersburg, Va., 21819\\nVienna, Va., 5 1824\\nMarietta, O., 611830\\nNewport, O., 15)845\\nSistersville, 27; 1872\\nWheeling, Va., 40 1912\\nWarren, 9jl92l\\nWellsburg, Va., 6! 1927\\nSteubenville, 711934\\nWelleville. O., 20 1954\\nGeorgetown, 71962\\nBeaver, 13 1974\\nEconomy, 12 1986\\nMiddletown.Pa., 81994\\nPittsburg, Pa., 10 2004\\nVVarrenton, by Canal 47 2051\\nBiairsville, do 28 2079\\nJohnstown, do 29 2108\\nHoUidaysburg. by rail road, 37 2145\\nAlexandria, by Canal, 26 2171\\nLewision, do 57 2228\\nNewport, do 36 2264\\nHarris burg, do 26 2290\\nPhiladelphia, by rail road 101 2391\\nTrenton, do 28 2419\\nBrunswick, do 27i2446\\nJersey City, do 3112477\\nNew York, by steamboat, 1 12478", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0211.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "204\\nTRAVELLING ROUTES.\\nRoute 2.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 JVew Orleans\\nby steam boat\\nMies.\\nto Mew York, via St\\nMiddle Sister Island, do 2C\\n1900\\nLouis, Chicago am\\nNorth Bass Island. do IC\\n1910\\nBuffalo, [see route 1,\\nCunningham s\\nIsland, do IC\\n1920\\nto Mouth of the Ohio\\nSandusky, 0.,\\ndo IS\\n1932\\nSteamboat to St. Joseph\\nCleaveland, 0.\\ndo 54\\n1986\\nMiles.\\nFairport, O.,\\ndo 30|2016\\nMouth of Ohio,\\n(1040\\nAshtabula, 0.,\\ndo 3212048\\nElk Island,\\n8 1048\\nFair view. Pa.,\\ndo 28 2076\\nDogtooth Island,\\n8\\n1056\\nErie, Pa.,\\ndo 112087\\nEnglish Island,\\n15\\n1071\\nBugett sTown,\\nPa., do 172104\\nCape Giradeau, Mo.,\\n12\\n1083\\nPortland, N. Y\\ndo 18 2122\\nBainbridge, Mo\u00e2\u0080\u009e and\\n1\\nDunkirk, N. Y.\\ndo 18;2140\\nHamburg, 11.,\\n10\\n1093\\nCattaraugus, N\\n.Y., do 13 2153\\nliacouse s Island,\\n31\\n1124\\nSturgeon Point,\\nN. Y., do 10|2163\\nKaskaskia River,\\n15\\n1139\\nBuftalo, N. Y.,\\ndo 1612179\\nRiver au Vases,\\n10\\n1149\\nVViUiamsville, by rail road, 10 2189\\nSt. Genevieve, Mo.,\\n9\\n1158\\nPembroke,\\ndo 16 2205\\nFort Chartres Island,\\n10\\n1168\\nBatavia,\\ndo 1412219\\nRush Island,\\n10\\n1178\\nRochester,\\ndo 25 2244\\nHerculaneum, Mo.,\\n10\\n1188\\nCanandagua,\\ndo 25 2269\\nHarrison, 11.,\\n1\\n1189\\nGeneva,\\ndo 162285\\nMerrimack River\\n11\\n1200\\nWaterloo,\\ndo 7\\n2292\\nCarondelet, Mo.,\\n13\\n1213\\nSeneca lalls.\\ndo 4\\n2296\\nSt. Louis, Mo.,\\n7\\n1220\\nCayuga,\\ndo 3\\n2299\\nAlton, 11.,\\n22\\n12421\\nAuburn,\\ndo 9\\n2308\\nIllinois River,\\n15\\n12571\\nSkaneatelas\\ndo 7\\n2315\\nMonroe,\\n5\\n12621\\nMarcellus,\\ndo 6\\n2321\\nGuilford,\\n10\\n1272\\nOnondaga,\\ndo 8\\n2329\\nMontezuma,\\n20\\n1292\\nManilas,\\ndo 12\\n2341\\nAugusta,\\n15\\n1307\\nOneida,\\ndo 18\\n2359\\nMeridosia,\\n23\\n1330\\nUtica,\\ndo 22\\n2381\\nBeardstown,\\n16\\n1346 Herkimer,\\ndo 16\\n2397\\nHavana,\\n27\\n13731 Little Falls,\\ndo 7\\n2404\\nPekin,\\n34\\n14071 Caughnawaga,\\ndo 33\\n2437\\nPeoria,\\n7\\n1414 Amsterdam,\\ndo 1(J\\n2447\\nHenry,\\n10\\n424, Schenectady,\\ndo 15\\n2462\\nColumbia,\\n10\\n1434! Albany,\\ndo 15\\n2477\\nLacon,\\n4\\n1438 New Baltimore,\\nsteamboat. 15\\n2492\\nHennepin,\\n18\\n14.56^Kinderhook landing, do 4\\n2496\\nChippeway,\\n161472\\nHudson,\\ndo 9\\n2505\\nShippingport,\\n2I 14741\\nCatskill,\\ndo 5\\nJ510\\nDresden,\\n46i 15201\\nIJlermont,\\ndo 9\\n2519\\nMount Joliet,\\n15 f 1535\\nRed hook, upper\\nlanding, 2\\n2521\\nLockport,\\ni6\\n1541\\nRedhook, lower\\ndo 3\\n2524\\nChicago. II.,\\n29\\n1570!\\nRhinebeck.\\ndo 7\\n2531\\nMichigan City, Ind.,\\n5-:\\n1622iEsopus,\\ndo 1\\n2532\\nNew Buffalo, M.,\\n12\\n1634\\nHyde Park,\\ndo 9\\n2541\\nSt. Joseph, M.,\\n28\\n1662\\noughkeepsie,\\ndo 5\\n2546\\nDetroit, by rail road, 200 1\\n1862\\nVew Hamburg,\\ndo 8\\n2554\\nFighting Island, by steam\\nVewburg,\\ndo 7\\n2561\\nboat\\n12\\n1874\\nPishkill,\\ndo 1\\n2562\\nAmhurstsburg, U. C, do\\n6\\n880\\nNew Windsor,\\ndo 1\\n2563", "height": "2677", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0212.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "TRAVELLING ROUTES.\\n205\\nCold Sping, by steam\\nWest Point,\\nSt. Anthony s Nose,\\nFort Fayette,\\nStony Point,\\nHaverstraw,\\nSing Sing,\\nTarrytown,\\nPhillips town,\\nFort Independence,\\nFort Washington,\\nFort Lee,\\nManhattanville,\\nNew York,\\nboat,\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\ndo\\nMiles\\n3 2566\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a22569\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a02576\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a22581\\n258\\n2586\\n2589\\n2595\\n2605\\n2609\\n2611\\n2612\\n2614\\n2622\\nRoute 3.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 JVew Orleans\\ntoJVew York, via Wheel-\\ning and Baltimore.\\nTo Wheeling, by steam\\nboat, [see route l.J ^912\\nCumberland, by stage, 131 2043\\nHancocktown Md, railroad 39 2082\\nWilliamsport, Md.. do 27 2109\\nFrederickstown, Md., do 27 2i:i6\\nPoplar, Md., do 202156\\nEllicott s, Md., do 17|217.\\nBaltimore, Md\u00e2\u0080\u009e do 1012183\\nHavre de Grace. Del., do 3l!2214|\\nWilmington, Del., do 36 22.50\\nPhiladelphia, Pa., do 26 2276\\nNew York, (see route 2,) 88 2364\\nRoute 4. JN ew Orleans\\nto J^ew York, Mail line.\\nPoint Pontchartrain, by\\nrail road,\\nFort Pike, by steamboat\\nBay St. Louis,\\nBiloxi,\\nPascagoula, Miss\\nCedar Point, Al.,\\nMobile, Al.,\\nJunction of Alabama and\\nTombigkbe river do 65\\nClaiborne, do 72\\nBlack Bluff, do 46\\nDale Town, do 35\\n5\\nboat\\n21\\ndo\\n33\\ndo\\n31\\ndo\\n20\\ndo\\n26\\ndo\\n28\\nCanton, by steam boat.\\nPortland, do\\nCahaba, do\\nSelma, do\\nBenton, do\\nV ernon, do\\nLoch Ranza do\\nWashington, do\\nMontgomery do\\nChehaw, Al., by railroad,\\nCovington, Ga., by stage,\\nAugusta. Ga., by railroad,\\nCharleston, S. C, do\\nWilmington, N. C. by\\nsteamboat,\\nWeldon, N. C, railroad,\\nRichmond, Va., do\\nWashington City, do\\nBaltimore, Md., do\\nNew York, (see route 3.)\\nRoute 5. JNTew Orleans\\nto Fort Gibson by steam\\nboat.\\nArkansas river,\\n(see route 1)\\nArkansas,\\nNew Gascony,\\nPine Bluffs,\\nLittle Rock,\\nLewisburg,\\nScotia,\\nMorrison s BlufiJ\\nVan Beuren,\\nFort Smith,\\nFort Coffee, Mo.,\\nFort Gibson,\\nRoute 6.\u00e2\u0080\u0094J\\\\rew Orleans\\nto Balize, and Gulf of\\nMexico, by Steam boat.\\nBattle Ground,\\nEnglish Turn,\\nFort St. Leon,\\nPoverty Point,\\nGrand Prairie,\\nFort St. Philip,\\nSouth West Pass,\\nSouth Pass,\\nPass a I Outre,\\nBalize,\\nGulf.\\nMiles.\\n14 396\\n425\\n446\\n464\\n499\\n538\\n544\\n560\\n57 2\\n401 612\\n155 767\\n121 888\\n136 1024\\n1244\\n1414\\n1538\\n1660\\n1700\\n1881\\n620\\n682\\n71 753\\n25 778\\n1.50 928\\n66 994\\n50 1044\\n33 1077\\n72^1149\\n8 1157\\n10 1167\\n84 1251\\n11\\n16\\n34\\n61\\n70\\n79\\n81\\n83\\n87\\n92", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0213.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "206\\nTRAVELLINR ROUTES.\\nMiles.\\nMiles\\nRoute l.\u00e2\u0080\u0094J^ew Orleans\\n11\\nRoute 9.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 JVew Orleans\\nto the Raft on Red\\nto JSTashville, Tenn., by\\nRiver, by Steamboat\\nSteamboat.\\nMouth of Red River,\\n236\\nCumberland river,\\n1097\\nBlack River,\\n28\\n364\\nEddyville, K.,\\n56\\n1153\\nBayou Saline,\\n20\\n284\\nCanton,\\n20\\n11V3\\nAlexandria,\\n56\\n340\\nDover, Tenn.,\\n30\\n1203\\nRegolet de Bondieu,\\n18\\n358\\nPalmyra,\\n31\\n1234\\nBayou Cane,\\n36\\n394\\nRed River,\\n6\\n1240\\nNatchitoches,\\n24\\n418\\nHarpeth River,\\n20\\n1260\\nBastian s Landing,\\n40\\n458\\nNashville,\\n40\\n1300\\nThe Raft,\\n40\\n498\\nRoute 10\u00e2\u0080\u0094 JVeic Orleans\\nRoute 8.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 JVcto Orleans\\nto Florence, Ala., by\\nto Pittsburg, Miss., by\\nSteamboat.\\nSteamboat.\\nTennessee River,\\n1085\\nMouth of Yazoo River,\\nPetersville, Tenn.,\\n71\\n1156\\nMiss.,\\n420\\nReynoldsburg,\\n36\\n1192\\nSatartia,\\n66\\n486\\nPerryville,\\n42\\n1234\\nLiverpool,\\n5\\n491\\nCrroUviUe,\\n27\\n1261\\nManchester,\\n25| 516\\nCotfee,\\n26\\n1287\\nTchula,\\n88\\n1 604\\nSavannah,\\n9\\n2196\\nMarion,\\n37\\n641\\nWaterloo,\\n25\\n1321\\nMouth of Yalo Busha river, 33\\n674\\nBear Creek,\\n12\\n1333\\nCochuma,\\n38\\n712\\nColbert s Ferry, Tenn.,\\n14\\n1347\\nPittsburg,\\n27\\n739\\nFlorence, Al.,\\n24\\n1371", "height": "2677", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0214.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "GENERAL INDEX.\\nAcademies for Females, 44\\nAlgiers, a description of, 194\\nAlligators, killed for their skins, 42\\nAmerican Theatre, erected in 1823, 67\\ndescription of, 180\\nAmusements, 176\\nAncient Settlements supposed to have existed, 11\\nAnecdote of an old Frenchman, 68\\nearly cotton growing, 47\\nAnnunciation Square, 183\\nChurch, 100\\nArmories, 149\\nAssociation, Young Men s Howard, 115\\nAssociations for charitable and other purposes, 110\\nAsylums of New Orleans, their excellence, ib.\\nAsylum, Catholic Male Orphan, 114\\nFemale do 110\\nMale do 113\\nMilne do 116\\nPoydras Female do 113\\nLes dames de la Providence, 114\\nAttakapas Prairie, 38\\nParish, 39\\nproduces aSundance of live oak, 33", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0215.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "208 GENERAL INDEX.\\nAtchafalaya lands, 34\\nBank of Louisiana, 155\\nLouisiana State, 153\\nCanal, 155\\nCity, 154\\nMechanics and Traders 153\\nGas, 154\\nBanks Arcade, 156\\nBard, Captain, Return of, 16\\nBar of New Orleans, 79\\nBarracks, the United States, 86\\nBaton Rouge taken, 24\\nBattle Ground, 196\\nBayou St. John Road, 194\\nBeautiful land bordering the Teche, 33\\nBellevue Prairie, 40\\nBenevolent Society, Hebrew, 116\\nBest lands, 31\\nBienville, made governor 17\\nis superceded in 1710 ib.\\ndeceives the English captain, 16\\nis reappointed governor in 1717, 17\\nfounds New Orleans, 1718, 18\\nsails for France in 1727, 20\\nis succeeded by Perrier, ib.\\ngovernor for the third time, ib.\\nresigns in 1741, ib.\\nBiloxi settled by Iberville, 16\\nBoard of Health established in 1841, 71\\nBoatmen of the Mississippi, 75\\nBottom lands, their luxuriance, 30\\nBoundaries of the State of Louisiana, 28\\nTerritory of Louisiana, 7\\nBranch Mint of the United States, 88", "height": "2677", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0216.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "GENERAL INDEX. 209\\nBranch Bank of the United States, established 1805, 66\\nBreed of cattle improving, 56\\nBricks, why they are not well made, 57\\nBuildings, the public, 86\\nBurr, Aaron, 26\\nBusiness season, appearance of the levee in the 81\\nCalcasieu prairie, 40\\nCaldwell, James H., his great enterprise, 67\\nCarmelite Convent, 104\\nCarondelet appointed governor in 1792, 25\\nfortifies New Orleans in 1792, 64\\nhis schemes defeated by Gen. Wilkinson, 26\\nCasa Blanca, 189\\nCarrolton, 191\\nCasa Calvo succeeds governor Gayosa de Lemor, 26\\nis succeeded by Salado, ib.\\nCatholic Cemeteries, 107\\nCathedral, 92\\nCattle, improvement in the breed, 56\\nCeded to the United States, Louisiana, 26\\nCemetery, Cypress Grove, 105\\nCatholic, 107\\nProtestant, 108\\nSt. Patrick s, 109\\nChapel of the Ursulines, 98\\nSt. Antoine s, or the Mortuary, 97\\nWesleyan, 103\\nCharitable Association, the Samaritan, 1 14\\nthe Firemen s, 115\\nCharitable institutions, HO\\nCharity Hospital 117\\nChurch, Annunciation, 100\\nSt. Augustine, 96\\nChrist, 99", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0217.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "210 GENERAL INDEX.\\nCliurcli,St. Pauls, 95\\nSt. Patricks, 95\\nFirst Presbyterian, 100\\nSecond do, 101\\nFirst Congregational, ib\\nMethodist Episcopal, 102\\nFirst Baptist, ib\\nCircus, the, 180\\nCircus Place, 182\\nCircus street Infirmity, 124\\nCity Exchange, (St. Louis,) 157\\nBank, 154\\nHall, 134\\nImprovements, an anecdote, 68\\nProper, its extent, ib\\nPrisons, 129\\nClay, of a very pure kind, 57\\nClergy, of New Orleans, 79\\nClimate of Louisiana, 45\\nCollege of Louisiana^ 43\\nJefferson, ib\\nFranklin, ib\\nMedical, 168\\nColonial system introduced, 17\\ncarried out, 21\\nColony transfered to France in 1803, 24\\nColorado ascended by La Salle, 15\\nComedians first arrived in 1791, 64\\nbecome teachers, ib\\nCommercial advantages of New Orleans, 81\\nCommercial exchange, 159\\nprosperity commences in 1795, 25\\nComparative speed of navigating the Mississippi, 80\\nCongregational Church, first 101", "height": "2677", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0218.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "GENERAL INDEX. 211\\nConvent of Ursuline nuns, erected in 1730, 61\\nits description, 103\\nConvent, new one erected in 1824, 61\\nits description, 104\\nCoast, the, 31\\nConvent, the Carmelite, 104\\nat Grand Coteau, 44\\nCotton, when first exported, an anecdote, 47\\nthe quantity estimated for 1844, 45\\nopinions on the fluctuating price of, 48\\nits consumption in New England, 49\\nin England, ib\\nwill present prices sustain the planter 50\\nthe produce of Texas, ib\\nlands, where thebest, 34\\nFactories, 151\\nPresses, 152\\nCourt house, 133\\nCreoles their character, 73\\nCrevasse,in 1816, 42\\nin 1844, at Bonne Carre, ib\\nCrozat, Antonio, obtains an exclusive privilege, 17\\nCuba tobacco seed does well in Louisiana, 54\\nCultivation of sugar, 21\\nof Cotton, 47\\nof madder, 51\\nof silk, 53\\nof hemp, ib\\nof the vine, 55\\nof tobacco, 54\\nof indigo, 55\\nof orange and fig do, 20\\nCurrency, evil of its depreciation, 19\\nCustom house, description of it, 89", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0219.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "212 GENEKAL INDEX.\\nCustom House, a new one contemplated, 90\\nCypress Grove Cemetry, 105\\nDeath of Iberville, 17\\nde Soto, 10\\nDelta of the Mississippi, 37\\nDeposite of red river, 34\\nDescription of United States Barracks, 86\\nBranch Mint, 88\\nDescription of the Custom House, 89\\nPost Office, 90\\nStateHouse, 91\\nCathedral, 92\\nSt. Patrick s Church, 95\\nSt. Augustine do 96\\nMortuary Chapel, 97\\nAnnunciation Church, 100\\nChapel of the Ursulines, 98\\nChrist Church, 99\\nSt. Pauls do, lb\\nFirst Presbyterian do, 100\\nSecond do do, 101\\nMethodist Episcopal do, 1 02\\nWesleyan Chapel, 103\\nold Ursuline Convent, lb\\nnew^ do 104\\nCourt House, 133\\nCity Hall, 134\\nSt. Charles Exchange, 137\\nVerandah, 141\\nCity Exhange, (St. Louis,) 157\\nDiscovery of the Mississippi, 7\\nDisputed Territory, 8\\nDivision of the city in 1836, 67\\nDon Ulloa driven away, 22", "height": "2677", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0220.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "GENERAL INDEX. 213\\nDon O Reilly takes possession, 23\\nDuelling punished by disfranchise, 78\\nEducationin Louisiana, 43\\nElliot, Andrew, 26\\nEnglish Turn, whence derived, 16\\nExchange Hotel, (St. Charles,) 137\\nMerchants 161\\n(St. Louis,) City, 157\\nCommercial, 159\\nExcursions, 191\\nExtent of the territory of Louisiana, 9\\nNew Orleans, in 1810, 66\\nthe City Proper, 68\\nFeliciana, West, parish of 32\\nFemale Orphan Asylum, 110\\nFig trees introduced, 20\\nFire consumes nine hundred houses in 1778, 62\\nmany buildings in 1796, 65\\nSeven blocks of houses in 1844, 70\\nFire department, 149\\nFiremen s Charitable Association, 115\\nFirst steamboat arrives at New Orleans, 27\\nFirst Presbyterian Church, 100\\nCongregational do, 101\\nFlorida invaded by Gov. Galvez, in 1779, 24\\nFloating Prairies, a great natural curiosity, 35\\nFlour mill, 151\\nFort Charlotte taken, 24\\nFountain of Health, 9\\nFranklin College, 43\\nInfirmary, 124\\nGas Works, a description of them, 144\\nthe city lighted with it in 1834, 70\\nGayosa de Lemormade governor, 26", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0221.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "214 GENERAL IITDEX,\\nGayosa de Lemor succeeded by Casa Calvo, 26\\nGerman emigrants settle along the coast in 1723, 60\\nsupply the city with vegetables, ib.\\nGrape vines, where to be cultivated, 55\\nGrazing, the very best lands for it, ib.\\nGretna, 195\\nGypsum, valuable beds found, 56\\nHealth of New Orleans, 77\\nHebrew Benevolent Society, 116\\nHemp suited to the higher grounds, 53\\nan immense article of consumption, ib.\\nnecessary in time of war, 54\\nHernandez de Soto, first discovery of Louisiana, 7\\nhis death, 10\\nHistorical Sketch of New Orleans, 58\\nHospitality of the inhabitants of Opelousas, 40\\nHospitals, easy access to them, 117\\nthe Charity, ib.\\nHotel, Exchange, (St. Charles,) 137\\nthe Verandah, 141\\nSt. Louis Exchange, 143\\nHewlett s, ib.\\nPlanters ib.\\nNational, ib.\\nHallof Second Municipality, 127\\nHurricane devastates New Orleans 1 723 60\\nHunt s Merchants Magazine, article, 48\\nIberville enters the Mississippi, 16\\nestablishes the first settlement at Biloxi, ib.\\nfounds Natchez, 17\\nhis death, ib.\\nLnprovement in New Orleans in 1824, 66\\nIncorporation of New Orleans in 1805, ib.\\nIndian massacre of the whites at Natchez, 19", "height": "2677", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0222.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "GENERAL INDEX. 215\\nIndigo cultivated in 1728, 20\\ncultivation now much neglected, 55\\nInfirmary, Circus street, 124\\nFranklin, ib.\\nInquisition, its establishment frustrated in 1785, 25\\nIron foundery, 150\\nJefferson College, 43\\nJesuits and Ursuline Nuns arrived in 1 727, 60\\nexpelled by Clement XIII., in 1763, 61\\ntheir property confiscated, ib.\\ntheir immense wealth, ib.\\ncurious documents of them in archives of first\\nmunicipality, ib.\\nLa Dames de la Providence, 114\\nLafayette Square, 182\\nLafourche, Bayou, 32\\nLakes, inlets, and sounds, 37\\nLa Salle descends the Mississippi to the Gulf, 14\\nbuilds a fort at the mouth of Little Miami, ib.\\nsails for France, 15\\ngoes into the bay of St. Bernard, ib.\\nascends the Colorado, ib.\\nforms a settlement on St. Bernard s bay,.... ib.\\nis murdered by Dehault, ib.\\nhis character and enterprise, ib.\\nLaw, John, the Scotch financier, 18\\nLearned professions, divinity, law, and medicine, 79\\nLe Moniteur, first paper published in New Orleans, 25\\nLevee, its extent, 31\\ncrevasse in 1816 and 1844, 42\\nits appearance in the business season, 81\\nCotton Press, 152\\nLiterary Association, Young Men s, 167\\nLive oak of Attakapas, its abundance 33", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0223.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "216 GENERAL INDEX.\\nLouisiana, territory of, its discovery, 7\\nits boundaries, lb\\ntransferred to Spain, 22\\nretransferred to France in 1803, 26\\nsold to the United States in 1803, ib.\\nthe State of, admitted to the union in 1812, 27\\nits boundaries, surface and soil, 28\\nits vast prairies, 30\\nits improvement in education, 43\\nCollege of, ib.\\nmutton unsurpassed, 56\\nthe climate of, 45\\nState Bank, 153\\nMedical College, 168\\nLuxuriance of the bottom lands, 34\\nLyceum, Public School, 166\\nthe People s, 167\\nMadder described, how cultivated, 51\\nprice, duties, and demand for it, ib.\\nMaison de Sante, 123\\nMale Orphan Asylum, 113\\nManufactures, 150\\nMarine Hospital, United States, 125\\nMarkets of New Orleans, 135\\nMarket, Poydras street, 136\\nthe Vegetable, ib.\\nthe Meat, ib.\\nMarket, St. Mary s, 137\\nMarquette descends the Mississippi, 13\\nMarshes, extensive near the ocean, 38\\nMasonic Fraternities, 80\\nMassacre at Natchez, 19\\nMeat Market, 136\\nMechanics and Traders Bank, 153", "height": "2677", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0224.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "GENERAL INDEX. 217\\nMedical Science, 79\\nMedical College of Louisiana, 168\\nMerchants Exchange, 161\\nReading Room, ib\\nMeteorological Journal, an abstract from the, 72\\nMethodist Episcopal Church, 102\\nMexican Gulf Rail-road, 193\\nMilitary strength of New Orleans in 1792, 64\\nMilne Orphan Asylum, 116\\nMinerals of Louisiana, 56\\nMint, Branch of the United States, 88\\nMiro succeeds Galvez as governor, 25\\ncarries the colonial system into effect, ib\\nMississippi River discovered by De Soto, 10\\nRiver made free in 1795, 25\\nValley, its vast extent, 83\\nboatmen, description of them, 74\\nimmensity of its produce, 82 84\\nDelta of, 37\\nMoral character of New Orleans, 78\\nMuscoso s Adventures, 10\\nMulberry trees prolific in Louisiana, 53\\nMunicipal Hall, 127\\nMuskeet grass, excellent for cattle, 55\\nMutton, 56\\nNatchez massacre of the whites, 19\\ntribe defeated, ib\\nfounded by Iberville, 17\\nNational Hotel, 143\\nGallery ofPaintings, 169\\nNatchitoches tobacco very superior, 54\\nNature of the soil ofLouisiana, 29\\nNew Orleans founded by Bienville in 1718, 59\\na historical sketch of 58\\n10", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0225.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "218 GENERAL INDEX.\\nNew Orleans, view of, 58\\ninundated and abandoned in 1719, 59\\nagain occupied in 1722, ib\\nvisited by a hurricane in 1723, 60\\nby yellow fever in 1769, 62\\ndivided into wards and lighted in 1792, 64\\nfortified by Carondelet, ib\\nits military strength, ib\\nopened to the United States in 1795, 65\\na port of entry and delivery in 1804, 66\\nincorporated in 1805, ib\\nits extent in 1810, ib\\nits appearance from various points, 69\\nlighted with gas in 1834, 70\\nstate of its morals, 78\\nits commercial advantages, 81\\nits anticipated greatness, 84\\nReading Rooms, 161-2\\nPolice,. 78\\ntravelling routes, 201\\nNewspaper Press, 173\\nfirst published in 1794, 25\\nOlden Time, 184\\nOld Ursuline Convent, 103\\nOpelousas Prairie, 39\\nhospit ality of the inhabitants, 40\\nOpposition to founding New Orleans, 59\\nOrange trees introduced, 20\\ndestroyed by frost in 1748, ib\\nO Reilly, the Spanish governor, 23\\nhis tyrannical conduct, ib\\nsucceeded by Unzoga, 24\\nOrleans Cotton Press, 152\\nTheatre, 176", "height": "2677", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0226.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "GENERAL INDEX, 219\\nOrphan Asylums, their excellence, 110\\nPaintings, National Gallery of, 169\\nindividual collections of, 170\\nPaving of streets first began, 67\\nPensacola taken by the French, 19\\nPeople s Lyceum, 167\\nPhysic, Law and Divinity, their progress, 79\\nPine woodlands, 30\\nPlace d Amies, 182\\nPlaning Mill, steam, 151\\nPlaquemine, 32\\nPlanters Hotel, 143\\nPonce de Leon, 9\\nPontchartrain Rail-road 192\\nPopulation in 1732, 20\\nin 1788, 25\\nin 1803, 26\\nof New Orleans in 1723, 59\\nin 1785, 62\\nin 1803, 70\\nin 1810, 66\\nin 1844, 71\\ncomparative, ib\\nPolice of New Orleans, 78\\nPost Office, 90\\nPottery may be made of Louisiana clay, 57\\nPoydras Female Orphan Asylum, 113\\nstreet Market, 136\\nPrairies of the State, 30\\nparticularly described, ib\\nPrairie, Attakapas, 33 38\\nOpelousas, 39\\nBellevue, 40\\nPrairie, Calcasieu, 40", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0227.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "220 GENERAL INDEX.\\nPrairie, Sabine, 40\\nPress of New Orleans, 173\\nPresbyterian Church, First, 100\\nSecond, 101\\nProject of supplying wholesome water, 148\\nProspects of New Orleans, 82\\nProsperity of trade in 1810, 66\\nProtestant Cemetery, 108\\nPublic buildings, 86\\nlibraries much wanted, 79\\nproperty transferred to the United States, 65\\nPublic School system, 163\\nhow introduced, ib\\nPublic School Lyceum, 166\\nSquares, 181\\nRace Courses, 195\\nRaft in Red River, 36\\nRail-road, Pontchartrain, 192\\nCarrolton, 191\\nMexican Gulf, 193\\nReading Room, Merchants 161\\nNew Orleans, 162\\nRed River deposite, its nature, 34\\nraft, 36\\nResidence of Governor Bienville, 189\\nRoad of Bayou St. John, 194\\nRope Walks, 151\\nSabine Prairies, 40\\nSalvado, last Spanish governor, 26\\nSamaritan Charitable Association, 114\\nSauville, the Governor, dies, 17\\nSaw Mills, steam, 151\\nSchool, Convent, 44\\nSistersof Charity, ib", "height": "2677", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0228.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "GENERAL INDEX. 221\\nSchool, Ursuline Nuns 44\\nSchools, the Public, ib\\nSecond Presbyterian Church, 101\\nMunicipality Work House, 130\\nHall, 127\\nSheep of Louisiana, very superior, 56\\nLafourche, ib\\nShell Road, 192\\nSilk may be produced in abundance, 53\\nSociety in New Orleans, 73\\nSoil of Louisiana, 29\\nState (if Louisiana described, 28\\nState Legislature to be removed, 92\\nHouse, 91\\nSteamboat first arrives from Pittsburg, 27\\nSteamboats, early, their trips, 80\\nextent of present navigation, 83\\nSteam Planing Mill, 151\\nSaw Mills ib\\nStreets and sidewalks first paved, 67\\nSt. Augustine Church, 96\\nSt. Patrick s do, 95\\nCemetery, 109\\nSt. Paul s Church, 99\\nSt. Antoine s, or Mortuary Chapel, 97\\nSt. Charles Exchange Hotel, 137\\nSt. Louis Exchange Hotel, 143\\nSt. Mary s Market, 137\\n(St. Louis,) City Exchange, 157\\nSt. Charles Theatre, 178\\nSt. Lorenzo, treaty of, 25\\nSt. Bernard bay occupied by La Salle, 15\\nSugar introduced by the Jesuits in 1751, 21\\ncrops their present average, ib", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0229.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "222 GENERAL INDEX.\\nSugar lands, 46\\nrefinery, 151\\nSuggestion to sugar planters, 46\\nSurface of Louisiana, 29\\nTax upon chimneys to light New Orleans, 64\\nTeche, excellent lands upon its borders, 33\\nTerritory of Louisiana, its boundaries, 7\\nits discovery byde Soto, 10\\nits immense extent, 8\\ntransfered to Spain in 1763, 22\\nTheatre American 1823, 67\\nOrleans, 176\\nSt. Charles, 178\\nThe Coast, its extent and luxuriance, 31\\nThird Municipality Work house, 133\\nTobacco Cuba, cultivated, 54\\nfrom Cuba, fine specimens of seed, lb\\nraised at Natchitoches, ib\\nvv^orm hov^^ to prevent it, 55\\nTransfer of Louisiana to Spain, 22\\nTransfer of Louisiana to the United States in 1803, 26\\nTravelling Routes, 201\\nTyrannical conduct of O Reilly, 23\\nUnited States Marine Hospital, 125\\nBarracks, 86\\nBranch Bank, established in 1805, 66\\nMint, 88\\nUniversity of Louisiana, see note, 43\\nUnzoga succeeds O Reilly as governor, 24\\nsucceeded by Galvez, ib\\nUrsuline Convent, the old, 103\\nUrsuline Chapel, 98\\nnuns arrived in 1730, 60\\nerect a new convent in 1824, 104", "height": "2677", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0230.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "GENERAL INDEX. 223\\nVaudreuil marquis de, 20\\nVariety of the population of New Orleans, 73\\nVegetable Market, 136\\nVerandah, 141\\nView of New Orleans from various points, 69\\nVine, cultivation of the, 55\\nWar between France and Spain, 19\\nEngland and France, in 1756, 21\\ndo and Spain, in 1779, 24\\ndo and the United States, 27\\nWatchmen first established in 1792, 64\\nWater, a project to supply it without charge, 148\\nWater Works, supply water from the Mississippi,.. 70\\na description of them, 146\\nWashington Square, 181\\nWesleyan Chapel, 103\\nWestern Company, chartered in 1717, 17\\nfail,inl732, 20\\nWest Feliciana, its excellent soil, 32\\nWilkinson, Gen., 26\\nWoods, Col. crosses the Mississippi, 13\\nWorkhouse of the Second Municipality, 130\\nThird do, 133\\nYellow fever first introduced in 1769, 62\\nYellow Fever, opinions of its transmissibility, 121\\nNo. of cases in Hospital from 1822 ,to 1844,. 120\\nYoung Men s, Howard Association, 115\\nLiterary do, 167", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0231.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2677", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0232.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "ADVERTISEMENTS.\\nJUST PUBLISHED,\\nBY\\nB. M. NORMAN,\\n16 CAMP STREET, NEW ORLEANS.\\nPLAN OF NEW ORLEANS AND ENVIRONS,\\nA COMPLETE MAP OF THE CITY AND VICINITY, IN POCKET\\nFORM. ALSO, ON CARDS, FOR COUNTING ROOMS AND\\nPUBLIC OFFICES.\\nNORMAN S\\nNEW ORLEANS BUSINESS DIRECTORY,\\nFor 1845-6.\\nContaining the names, residences and occupations of Mer-\\nchants and Bankers, Mechanics and Professional men.\\nClassed and arranged alphabetically.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0233.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "ADVERTISEMENTS.\\nNEW AND IMPROVED STOCK,\\nPRICES REDUCED.\\nNORMAN S\\nBOOK, STATIONERY, PRINTING\\nBINDING ESTABLISHMENT,\\nNo. 16\\nCAMP STREET, NEW ORLEANS.", "height": "2662", "width": "1534", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0234.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "ADVERTISEMENTS.\\nBOOKS,\\nComprising the works of the best standard authors in the\\nvarious departments of literature.\\nANCIENT AND MODERN.\\nCHEAP PUBLICATIONS,\\nAT publishers PRICES.\\nSCHOOL BOOKS.\\nBibles, Prayer Books, Psalm and Hymn Books.\\nMM m.^ m^ a^ m\\nPICTORIAL AND EMBELLISHED WORKS.\\nCHILrDKEN S BOOKS.\\nMAPS, GUIDE BOOKS,\\nAND OTHER WORKS FOR TRAVELLERS.\\nCITY AND COUNTRY DEALERS SUPPLIED,\\nAlso Public and Private Libraries, at\\nPublishers Prices.\\nLITERARY GENTLEMEN, TEACHERS AND THE PUBLIC ARE MOST\\nRESPECTFULLY INVITED TO VISIT THIS ESTABLISHMENT.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0235.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "ADVERTISEMENTS.\\nConsisting^ of tbe most approved kinds? adapted\\nto tlie use of\\nCOUNTING ROOMS AND PUBLIC OFFICES.\\nDO\\nOF THE MOST APPROVED MANUFACTURE, WITH RECENT IM-\\nPROVEMENTS, AND REDUCTION OF PRICES.\\nWARRANTED SUPERIOR.\\nAll descriptions of ACCOUNT BOOKS made to order.\\nPAPER AND CARDS.\\nCustom House and Commercial Blanks.\\nAiipni^e^ HiiffiBiEnAi^o,\\nMERCHANTS STEAMBOATS and other CLERKS,\\nARE RESPECTFULLY INVITED TO CALL AND EXAMINE THE\\nCOMPLETE ASSORTMENT.", "height": "2662", "width": "1534", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0236.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "MEMORANDA.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0237.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "MEMORANDA.", "height": "2662", "width": "1534", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0238.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "MEMORANDA.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0239.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "MEMORANDA.", "height": "2662", "width": "1534", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0240.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "MEMORANDA.\\n11", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0241.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "MEMORANDA.", "height": "2662", "width": "1534", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0242.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "MEMORANDA.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0243.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "MEMORANDA.\\nn-.\\nj: I", "height": "2662", "width": "1534", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0244.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "MEMORANDA.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0245.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "MEMORANDA.", "height": "2662", "width": "1534", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0246.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "MEMORANDA.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0247.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "MEMORANDA.", "height": "2662", "width": "1534", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0248.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "MEMORANDA.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0249.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "MEMORANDA.", "height": "2662", "width": "1534", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0250.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "MEMORANDA.", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0251.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "Treamenl Date ^O Ox.de\\nPRESERVATION TEC HNOLQGIe Tl P\\n1 1 1 Thomson Park Drive", "height": "2662", "width": "1534", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0252.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2708", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0253.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2662", "width": "1534", "jp2-path": "normansneworlean00norm_0254.jp2"}}