{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3565", "width": "2144", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "Class _L__iIl2._Q.._\\nBook V iig\\nCOPYRIGHT OSPOSm", "height": "3435", "width": "2087", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3435", "width": "2087", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3435", "width": "2087", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "YWV.\\nAcadians of Louisiana and their Dialect\\ny\\nAL( i:i: FOKIIIMJ\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2K iI-KSSliK 1VK IHE I-HIIN(,11 l.AN(;i;A .r AND I.IIKK ATl Ki; IN rUI.ANK V N IV KKSMA (IF\\nJ.OCISIANA.\\nc\\nif)cpriurid frciii ihe it/ /tia/w/is o( th^: Mudp.kn Language AssoCiaTkin of Amkkk^a,\\nVol. vi, No. I, 1 891.", "height": "3435", "width": "2087", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "Copyright, 1S91, !)y Ai.chk Koktiku.", "height": "3435", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "THE ACADIANS OF LOUISIANA AND THEIR DIALECT.\\nE\\\\ erythinL; concerning French Louisiana seems at this time\\nto possess an interest for the pubhc and it has been my purpose\\nin some measure, to give an account of its language, its htera-\\nture, its dialects, its folklore and its inhabitants. My papers\\npublished in the Transactions of our Modern Language As-\\nsociation have been so kindly received that I feel encouraged\\nto continue my labors in a field vast and fertile but difficult to\\nexplore. The work to be done is, to a great extent, one of\\noriginal research and of patient investigation, and it will require\\nseveral years to present a tolerably complete tableau of pictur-\\nesque P^rench Louisiana. I now desire to present another feature\\nof the picture by giving a brief sketch of the Acadians and their\\ndialect. It may not be amiss to begin this study by taking a\\nbird s-eye view of the history of Acadia, from the settlement of\\nthe colony to the dispersion of the inhabitants. We shall then\\naccompany Evangeline to the beautiful banks of the Teche and\\nfollow her canoe and that of Gabriel as they glide along its\\nplacid waters, leaving scarcely a ripple on the gentle stream\\nwhich the names of the unhappy lovers have rendered immortal.\\nL^\\nEven before the time of John Cabot the Normans, the Bretons\\nand the Basques are said to have known Newfoundland, and\\nthe first description of the shores of our United States was made\\nin 1524 to a French King, Francis the First, by the Florentine\\nVerrazano. Ten years later we see the bold son of St. Malo\\nsailing on the broad St. Lawrence, which was to be the scene of\\nso many conflicts for the possession of its rugged shores. In\\n1535 Jacques Cartier saw the future site of Quebec and Montreal\\nand became acquainted with the Indian tribes, the future allies of\\nthe French in their contest with the English. New France was\\nI For this sketch of the history of Acadia I have taken as my chief guide Parkman s ad-\\nmirable Narratives, although I do not always share his opinions and arrive at the same\\nconclusions. For a complete bibliography of the subject see Critical and Narrative History\\nof America, edited by Justin Winsor.", "height": "3435", "width": "2087", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "4 alci-:e Fok rii-.k\\ndisxovered. hut who was to establish the tirst settlement in the\\nname of the most Christian Kino? In \\\\ain did Jean Francois\\nde la Rociue, Sieur de Roberval, in 1542, brave the terrors of the\\nIsle of Demons and attempt to plant a colonv in New France.\\nOt his ill-tated expedition nothing- remained but the name of He\\nde la Demoiselle, where the stern Roberval abandoned to the\\ndemons his niece Marguerite to jiunish her for an imhallowed\\nlo\\\\e. The Marquis de la Roche with his ship load of convicts\\nwas not more successful in 1598 than Roberval half a century\\nbefore, Champlain and de Monts were to be the fathers of Can-\\nada and Acadia. The former had been sent on an expedition to\\nthe new world by the Commander de Chastes, and on his return\\nto France associated his ibrtunes with those of de Monts, who\\nhad just been made Lieutenant-Ceneral of Acadia.\\nThe word Acadia, says Pakkman, is said to be derived\\ntVom the Indian Aqiioddianke, or Aquoddie, meaning the fish\\ncalled a pollock. The Bay of Passamaquoddy great pollock\\nwater, derives its name from the same origin.\\nThe region designated by this name comprised a large terri-\\ntory, No\\\\a Scotia, New Brunswick and Maine, but was later con-\\nsidered to embrace the peninsula of Nova Scotia only. The\\nclimate was much milder than that of Canada, and all travellers\\ndescribe the country as beautiful. The tide in the Bay of P\\\\m-\\ndy is grand, and there are excellent ports along- the coast. We\\nneed not then be astonished that Poutrincourt, one of de Monts\\ncompanions, was so pleased with the Port Royal that he ob-\\ntained a grant from de Monts, and in 1605, established a colony\\nwhich, after many vicissitudes, was destined to be celebrated in\\nhistory aiid in romance. De Monts himself with Poutrincourt,\\nChamplain and Pontgrave had, in 1604, founded a settlement at St.\\nCroix, but the place wvas badly chosen and after a winter of mis-\\nery the colony was transferred to Port Royal. De Monts was a\\nCah inist and he had taken with him to the New World both\\nCatholic priests and Protestant ministers who, it can well be\\nimagined, were not on very good terms. Such were their quar-\\nrels that the sailors buried in the same grave a priest and a min-\\nister to sei if they would lie peaceably together. De Monts\\nreturned to h ranee to protect his fur trade monopoly and left\\nPontgraxe in command at Port Royal. He was absent many\\nmonths, and Pontgraxe had abandoned the colony, leaving only", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "THE A CA PI A A .V L O L ISIANA. 5\\ntwo men in charo;e, when Poutrincourt arrived vvitli supplies.\\nPontgrave returned, and another attempt was made to estabhsh\\nPort Royal on a solid foundation. The poet Lescarbot gives an\\ninteresting account of the winter passed without very great sul-\\nferings, and already the colonists were beginning to hope, when\\nin the summer of 1607, news was received that de Monts char-\\nter had been rescinded and that the colony must be abandoned.\\nThe settlers departed with heavy hearts, leaxing the Indians full\\nof sorrow. The F rench had been humane and friendly to the\\nsavages.\\nThe settlement in Acadia had apparently failed, but Poutrin-\\ncourt was not discouraged. He obtained from the Kim^- a\\nconfirmation of his grant, formed a partnershi]) with the sieur\\nRobin, and in 16 10 returned to Port Royal with other settlers.\\nUnhappily, however, the year 1610 was as fatal to Acadia as to\\nFrance: the great King, Henry IV, was murdered, and soon\\nafterward Madame la Marquise de Guercheville obtained from\\nMarie de Medicis a grant of all Acadia. The pious Marquise\\nwas associated with the Jesuits and wished to convert the In-\\ndians. Her agents and priests, especially the able and ener-\\ngetic Father Biard, did not agree with Poutrincourt and his son\\nBiencourt, and discord was supreme in the colony, when iii 1613.\\na heavy blow fell on the rising settlement. Samuel Argall,\\nalready noted for having abducted Pocahontas, heard of French\\nPort Royal, captured a part of the inhabitants and dispersed the\\nothers. Father Biard and Madame de Guercheville s com-\\nmander, Saussaye, finally reached France, and the good lady s\\nplans for saving the souls of the Indians were frustrated.\\nBiencourt had escaped during the destruction of Port Royal\\nand was roaming in the woods with a few followers, when Pou-\\ntrincourt arrived with supplies. At the sight of his son s misery,\\nthe Baron lost all hope for his colony and returned to France,\\nwhere, in 1615, he died a soldier s death. Biencourt, however,\\nrebuilt Port Royal and kept the colony alive. Litde progress\\nwas made, as in 1686 the whole population of Acadia was only\\n915. There had been troublous times in the colony from 161 3\\nto 1686, and several masters had ruled the country. In 1621,\\nSir William Alexander obtained from James I. a grant of New-\\nScotland and tried to establish baronetcies in Acadia. His plans\\nwere but short-lived, as the English surrendered the province to", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "AL CEE FOR TIER\\nthe French in 1632 by the treaty of St. Germain. Louis XIII\\nappointed M. de Razilly Governor of Acadia, and the latter\\nnamed as his lieutenants, Charles de la Tour and the Sieur\\nd Aulnay. Here comes a romantic episode the two lieutenants,\\nas in duty bound, quarrelled and made war upon each other.\\nLa Tour went to Boston to obtain aid against his rival, and in\\nhis absence d Auljiay attacked his fort. The place was most\\nbravely defended by Madame de la Tour, but she was defeated\\nand died of mortification. Her husband struggled for some time\\nwith little success against d Aulnay, but the latter died, and la\\nTour settled all difficulties by marrying his rival s widow, a\\nqueer but not unwise proceeding.\\nAcadia had become once more peaceful in 1653 by la Tour s\\nmarriage, when one year later the English took possession of the\\ncolony. Cromwell was ruling England at that time, and he\\nunderstood how important it was for the English settlements on\\nthe Atlantic that Acadia should not belong to the French. By\\nhis orders Major Robert Sedgwick, of Charlestown, and Captain\\nJohn Leverett, of Boston, subjugated Acadia, which was kept by\\nthe English until 1668, when by the treaty of Breda, it was\\nrestored to the F rench.\\nFor twenty-two years the colony enjoyed peace under French\\nrule, and the inhabitants led comparatively quiet lives, enlivened\\nby some adventures with the Indians and the English. A very\\nromantic character is the Baron de St. Castin, the son-in-law of\\nMatakando, the most powerful Indian chief of that region. In\\nthe company of his Indian relatives the bold Baron waged\\nincessant war against the English.\\nIn 1690, Frontenac was for a second time governor of New\\nFrance, and by his energy and courage he saved the colony\\nfrom ruin. He repulsed the attacks of Phips against Quebec\\nand of Schuyler against Montreal, carried war into the English\\npossessions and nearly broke the power of the Iroquois. He\\nwas not, however, able to save Acadia from the enemy. This\\nsettlement was too remote from Quebec to be effectually pro-\\ntected and fell again into the hands of the English. In 1690\\nWilliam Phips sailed from Boston with a small fleet and reduced\\nthe principal Acadian settlements. He obtained great booty\\nand was well received on his return to Massachusetts, although his\\nexpedition seems to us more like a piratical raid than legitimate\\nwarfare.", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "THE ACAniANS OF LOriSIAXA. 7\\nAcadia was ayain restored to the French in 1697 by the treaty\\nof Ryswick, and when Frontenac died in 1698 Lonis XIV was\\nstill master of all New France. F ontenac is a most intcrestino-\\nand heroic character he was proud and stern, but at the same\\ntime most brave, skillful and shrewd. His name and that of\\nMontcalm are the greatest in the h story of New France.\\nNearly one hundred years had passed since de Monts had\\nlanded in Acadia, and the unfortunate colony had been thrown\\nabout like a shuttlecock from the French to the English and\\nfrom the English to the French. In the beginning of the\\neighteenth century three expeditions sailed from Boston to con-\\nquer Acadia. The first two were not successful, but the third\\nconmianded by Governor Nicholson and composed of thirty-six\\nvessels, took Port Royal and subdued the country. The whole\\nnumber of inhabitants in 17 10 was twenty-five hundred. Three\\nyears later, by the treaty of Utrecht, Acadia was formally ceded\\nto England, and F rance, in order to compensate for the loss of\\nPort Royal, called by the English Annapolis, had to build on\\nCape Breton the celebrated fortress of Louisbourg. The Aca-\\ndians had fought bra\\\\ ely for their independence, and it was only\\nafter a gallant resistance that Subercase had surrendered Port\\nRoyal. The English imposed their domination upon Acadia by\\nforce, and it is not surprising that the inhabitants refused to be-\\ncome Englishmen and did all in their power to remain faithful to\\ntheir king, their religion and their language\\nL abbe Casgrain in his charming book, Un Pelerinage au\\nPays d Evangeline, has given a beautiful description of Acadia\\nand calls attention to the poetical and expressive names of some\\nparts of the country Beaubassin, Beausejour, le Port Royal, la\\nGrand-Pree, names characteristic of the simple and peaceful\\ndisposition of a people who, if left to themselves, would have\\nbeen satisfied with praying to their God and attending to their\\nnumerous children. In 1885 l abbe Casgrain \\\\-isited all Acadia\\nand manifests his delight on seeing a land of quiet and happi\\nness, a land of which a great part has again become French.\\nWhat a contrast between the Acadia of our days and that of\\n1755! The descendants of the exiles have prospered once more\\nin the land of their ancestors, but their present state of content-\\nment does not make us forget the misery of the past. The field\\nthat was once the scene of a bloody batde may now be covered", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "8 AL CEE FOR TIER\\nwith green turf and variegated flowers, but still there will rise\\nbefore us the faces of the dying and we shall hear the thunder\\nof the cannon. La Grand-Pree and Beaubassin may present\\nan attractive sight, but the names recall to our minds the scene\\nof a dreadful tragedy.\\nBy the treaty of Utrecht it had been stipulated that the Aca-\\ndians might withdraw to the French possessions if they chose.\\nThere is no doubt that the English governors did all in their\\npower to prevent the emigration to Cape Breton or to Canada,\\nand, as they were not harsh, as a rule, to the inhabitants, the\\nlatter preferred to remain in the country of their ancestors.\\nThey refused, howe\\\\er, for a long time to take the oath of alle-\\ngiance to the English sovereign, and when a part of the men\\ntook the oath, it was with the tacit if not expressed understand-\\ning that they would ne\\\\ er be compelled to bear arms against\\nthe Erench. That the priests in Acadia and e\\\\en the Governor\\nof Canada tried to keep the inhabitants faithful to the French\\nKing, in spite of their being English subjects, there is no reason-\\nable doubt. We can hardly blame this feeling, if we consider\\nwhat great rivalry there was at the time between the English\\nand the French in America, and also the spirit of intolerance\\nthen everywhere prevalent. The priests must have considered\\nit a diity on their part to try to harm the English heretics, and\\nalthough we may not approve the act of some of them nor the\\nduplicity of some of the French agents, we do not find in their\\nconduct any excuse for the cruelty of the English.\\nSeeing how disaffected the Acadians were with their new mas-\\nters, the Marquis of Cornwallis, in 1749, laid the foundations of\\nHalifax as a protection against Louisbourg. A number of the\\ninhabitants had escaped from the colony at the instigation of\\nI abbe LeLoutre, says Park MAN, and had gone to the adjoining\\nFrench settlements. Their lot was a sad one, as the PVench\\nwere not able to provide for them and the English would onlv\\nreceive them as English subjects. It is not astonishing that\\nthey should make a kind of guerilla war with their Indian allies\\nagainst the English and that they should attempt to excite their\\ncountrymen against the conquerors. It must be admitted that\\nthe English were in great peril in the midst of men openly or\\nsecretly hostile to them, but no necessity of war can justify the\\nmeasures taken to rid English Nova Scotia of her French Aca-\\ndians. Let us now relate briefly the terrible event which has\\nmade the word Acadia sadly celebrated.", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "THE ACADIAXS OF LOUISIANA. o\\nIn 1755 the /0\\\\ernor of Acadia was Charles Lawrence, a\\nname destined to obtaui an unenvial)h; notoriety. He resolved\\nto expel the French from the posts which the}- still held in the\\ncolony. A force of eighteen hundred men commanded by C(j1-\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0onel Monkton st irted from New England and captured fort\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Beausejour, which the cowardly and ile commandant, Vergor,\\nsurrendered at the first attack. On the plains of Abraham he\\nwas also to be the first to yield to Wolfe and to cause the defeat\\nand death of the bra\\\\e Montcalm, the fall of Quebec, and the\\nloss of Canada.\\nAfter the capture of Beausejour, fort Caspereau surrendered\\nalso, and there was no longer any obstacle to pre\\\\ ent Lawrence\\nfrom accomplishing a design which he must have been cherish-\\ning for some time. The Governor determined to remo\\\\ e from\\nthe pro\\\\-ince all the French Acadians. He required from the\\ninhabitants an oath of unqualified allegiance, and on their refusal\\nhe resolved to proceed to extreme measures. P\\\\\\\\.rkmax says\\nthat\\nThe Acadians, though calling ihemselves peutrals, were an\\nenemy encamped in the heart of the province, and adds\\nThese are the reasons which explain and palliate a measure too\\nharsh and indiscriminate to be wholly justified.\\nIt is impossible to justify the measure in any way fear of an\\nenemy does not justify his murder, and the expulsion of the\\nAcaciians was the cause of untold misery both physical and\\nmoral and of the death of a nmiiber of men, women and chil-\\ndren. If the harsh removal of the Acadians is justifiable so is\\nBonaparte s massacre of the prisoners of fafifa. He could not\\nprovide for them as prisoners, and if he released them they\\nwould immediately attack him again.\\nGovernor Lawrence was so much the more inexcusable, be-\\ncause the only Acadians that gave him any cause of anxiet) were\\nthose of Beausejour, and they had been defeated. The inhabi-\\ntants of the Basin of Mines and of Annapolis were peaceful,\\nprosperous and contented, and although they might have sided\\nwith the French in an invasion of the pro\\\\ince, they ne\\\\er would\\nhave thought of revolting against the English. They were an\\nignorant and simple people, but laborious, chaste and religious.\\nTheir chief defect seems to have been an inordinate lo\\\\e for liti-\\ngation, a trait which thev inherited from their Norman ancestors.", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "lO ALCEE FORTIER.\\nLawrence took away the guns of many of the inhabitants by\\nan unworthy strategem, and then he ordered the ruthless work\\nto be done. Monkton seized the men of Beausejour, and Win-\\nslow, Handfield and Murray did the same at la Grand-Pree, at\\nAnnapolis and at Fort Edward. Let us picture the scene at la\\nGrand-Pree.\\nWinslow issued a proclamation calling- upon all the men to\\nmeet him at the village church on Sunday. There he was at\\nthe appointed hour with his two hundred and ninety men fully\\narmed to meet the intended victims. Four hundred and eighteen\\nmen answered the call and assembled in the church. What was\\ntheir consternation on hearing that they were prisoners, that all\\ntheir property was confiscated, and that they were to be torn\\nfrom their homes with their families. No resistance was possi-\\nble as the men v/ere unarmed. They were put for safe keeping\\non board four ships, and on the 8th of October the men, women\\nand children were embarked. This was le grand dcrangemhit\\nof which their descendants, says I abbe Casgrain, speak to this\\nday. Winslow completed his work in December and shipped\\n2510 persons. Murray, Monckton and Handheld were equally\\nsuccessful and more than 6000 persons were violently expelled\\nfrom the colony. A few managed to escape, although they were\\ntracked like wild beasts. In order to compel them to surrender,\\nthe dwellings and even the churches were burnt and the crops\\nwere destroyed. The fugitives suffered frightfully and many\\nwomen and children died of misery. In this scene of persecu-\\ntion we are glad to see the brave officer Boishebert defeat a\\nparty of English who were burning a church at Peticodiac.\\nUnhappily, as already stated, no resistance could be made, and\\nthe unfortunates were huddled together like sheep on board the\\ntransports, to be scattered about all along the Atlantic coast\\namong a hostile people speaking a language unknown to them\\nand having a creed different from their own.\\nWho can imagine the feelings of these men and women when\\nthe ships started on the fatal journey and they threw a last\\nglance at their once beautiful country, now made desolate and\\nbare! How many ties of kindred and of love were rudely\\ntorn asunder The families were not always on the same ship,\\nand the father and mother were separated from their children,\\nand many E\\\\angelines never met their Gabriels. The order of\\nexpulsion was harsh and cruel, and it was executed with little\\nregard for the most sacred feelings of the human heart.", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "THE ACADIASS OF LOUISTAXA. n\\nWe shall not follow the Acadians in their wanderings. Lotus\\nonly state that their lot in the English colonies was generally a\\nhard one. Very few remained where they had been transported.\\nMany returned to their country after incredible sufferings, to be\\nagain expelled in 1762; some went to France, where they formed\\na settlement at Belle Isle some went to the Antilles, and some at\\nlast found a true home in hospitable Louisiana. At the peace\\nof 1763 a number of Acadians returned to Nova Scotia, and their\\ndescendants together with those of the inhabitants who had\\nescaped from the persecution number now, according to I abbe\\nCasgrain, more than 130,000 souls. This fecundity is won-\\nderful, and if we consider the tenacity of those people, their\\nattachment to their families, to their country, to their religion,\\nwe may indeed say with the warm-hearted Canadian abbe\\nThe Acadians are as astonishing for their virtues as for their\\nmisfortunes. We now close this brief sketch of the ancestors,\\nand proceed to a study of their descendants living in Louisiana.\\nIL\\nMr. Gayarre in his History of Louisiana, says:\\nBetween the ist of January and the 13th of May, 1765, about\\n650 Acadians had arrived at N^w Orleans, and from that town\\nhad been sent to form settlements in Attakapas and Opelousas\\nunder the command of Anciry.\\nMany others of the unfortunate exiles came to Louisiana,\\nsome from the Antilles, but the greater part, in rude boats built\\nby themselves, floated down the streams flowing into the Miss-\\nissippi and reached New Orleans, where they expected to find\\nthe white banner of France. Two years before, however, the\\ninfamous treaty of Paris had been signed, and Louisiana now-\\nbelonged to Spain. The Spaniards had not yet taken possession\\nof the colony, and the French officials received most kindly the\\nunhappy strangers. There they were on the levee of New-\\nOrleans witff their wives and children, helpless, destitute, pos-\\nsessing only a few articles of wearing apparel, they who a few-\\nyears before were prosperous farmers with comfortable homes\\nand fertile fields. But at last their journey was ended and they\\nwere again to find a home and lands much more fertile than\\nthose which they had left. About fifty miles above New Orleans\\nthe Acadians gave their name to one of the parishes of Louisi-", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "12 AL CEE FO R T/ER\\nana, and the Acadian coast, now called St. James, was one o the\\ntirst settlements made by the exiles. Later they spread all along\\nthe Mississippi River and the adjoining bayous, and their de-\\nscendants are to be found in every parish of lower Louisiana.\\nThey form an important and useful jjart of our population,\\nalthough many ot them are as simple and ignorant as their an-\\ncestors of 1755. They are, however, generally honest and\\nlaborious, deeply religious and very much attached to the idiom\\nof their fithers. Many rose to the highest position in the State\\nand we ha\\\\ e an ^ong us to-day elegant ladies and cultivated gen-\\ntlemen belonging to the Acadian race. They are proud of their\\nancestors, and justly so, because if the latter were peasants, they\\nwere, at the same time, martyrs to their religious and patriotic\\nfeelings. If there ever was any prejudice against the Acadians\\namong the descendants of the early colonists, it existed only\\namong narrow-minded people and was not manifest.\\nHaving thought of the Acadians and their dialect as an inter-\\nesting subject to study, I determined to pay a visit to the\\nAttakapas country made classic by the genius of Longfellow.\\nIn the beginning of last September I left New Orleans at 7.30\\na. m. by the Southern Pacific Railroad and arrived at St. Mary s\\nParish after a journey of five hours. Along the route the train\\npassed through fields of tall sugar cane, yellow corn and golden,\\nrice. Every now and then we crossed a bayou, or a marsh or a\\nforest. Shortly after leaving the city we reached Bayou des\\nAllemands named for the German settlers who had been sent to\\nAmerica by the famous John Law\\\\ In the middle of the bayou\\nis an island covered with trees and briers, on which is a hut\\nwhich serves as a hunting lodge for the sportsmen, w^hose canoes\\nfor duck -shooting are to be seen everywhere. Trees grow to\\nthe edge of the water of all our bayous and render the smallest\\nstream picturesque.\\nAfter passing another beautiful stream, Bayou Boeuf, we see a\\nfew of the Indian mounds which arc so interesting to the archae-\\nologist and the ethnologist, and at Morgan City; we cross the\\nwide and turbid Atchafalaya, the rival of the Mississippi, and\\nwhich threatens, if not curbed by artificial means, to divert the\\nwaters of the great river from its present channel.\\nA few^ miles after passing Morgan City I leave the train and\\nam soon on a plantation situated on both sides of the Teche.", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "THE A CA D I A NS OF LO UISIA NA\\n13\\nAfter dinner I take my little nephews with me and we go to the\\nBayon. There is in front of the house a drawbridge which is\\nopened every time a boat or raft passes. We sit on the bridge\\nand I look on the waters flowing beneath and I can hardly see\\nthe direction of the current. A few months before the Bayou\\nhad been a torrent o\\\\-erflovving its left bank. St. Mary s Parish\\nis one of the most prosperous in Louisiana and everywhere there\\nare central sugar fictories with the most modern appliances, the\\npowerful mills, or the diffusion process, and through this busy\\nscene of progress flow the tranquil waters of the Teche, its banks\\ncovered with moss grown live oaks. Here is the same spectacle\\nwhich the poet has so admirably described. It is civilization\\nnow, but side by side with the primeval forest. Under the\\nstately oaks the children run and play while I lie upon the grass\\nand meditate. My thoughts return to the past and I imagine\\nwhat must have been the feelings of the Acadians when they saw\\nfor the first time in 1765 the beautiful Attakapas country.\\nNot far from the plantation where I visited, is a village called\\nCharenton. It isj^fit a hamlet, but it possesses a chrtrch and a\\ncon\\\\ent of nuns. The good sisters of St. Joseph have estab-\\nlished- a school for girls which does great good to the neigbor-\\nhood. The mother superior, a very agreeable and intelligent\\nlady, is a descendant of the Acadians. Very near the village is\\na settlement of Indians. I observed them with curiosity, as they\\nare the sole remnant of the Attakapas tribe, the fierce man-\\neaters. Some of the squaws are handsome, and the men have\\nthe real Indian type, although I am told that the tribe is rapidly\\ndisappearing and mingling with the negroes. The women make\\nvery pretty reed cane baskets, quite difterent.in design from\\nthose which the Choctaws sell at the French market in New Or-\\nleans the men cultivate a little patch of ground and sell fish and\\ngame. One hundred years ago the Indians were numerous on\\nthe Teche they seem to have melted away without being\\nmolested. The mere contact of civilization was sufficient to\\ncause them to vanish. It seems to have been an inevitable des-\\ntiny and we may say in the words of Victor Hugo\\nLa chose siiuplement d elle-meme arriva\\nCoinme la nuit se fait iorsque le jour s en va.\\nTwo miles from Charenton is the Grand Lac which I desired\\nvery much to see, so one morning at day break I started in a", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "4 -^l CEE FO A 7 IFR\\nlight bugoy ^vith the oldest of my nephews, a St)phomore of\\nTulane I nixerslty. There is in reality no route leading to\\nthe lake we had to pass for several miles through a forest on\\nthe bank of the Teche and it gave me great pleasure to see the\\nbayou where it appeared most wild. After a ride of two hours\\nwe lelt the shore of the Teche and turning toward the interior we\\nsoon arrived at the lake. 1 felt delighted at the sight: before us.\\nstretched the blue waters, which a light breeze caused to undu-\\nlate gendy, and in the distance could be seen the sails of two\\nschooners which seemed to be the wings of marine birds skim-\\nming the surface of the waves. All around the lake is a forest\\nand on the trees we could see the cardinal bird with his scarlet\\nrobe, the jay bird with his silver and blue jacket, the black bird\\nwith his golden epaulets, and what pleased me most, numberless\\nmocking- birds, those admirable songsters, which the impudent\\nEnglish sparrow is rapidly driving away from our Southern\\nland.\\nBeing- so near the Atchafalaya, the Grand Lac is liable to\\noverflows and, last spring, its waters inundated a large extent of\\ncountry. A levee made in great part with shells has been\\nerected by the owner of the plantation immediately adjoining-\\nthe lake, and as there are large oak trees on the bank, the place\\nis a favorite resort in summer for pleasure seekers. While w e\\nwere crossing a little bayou by means of a tree which the wind\\nhad thrown down and which served as a suspended bridge, we\\nsaw an old Indian on the other side. He appeared to us as the\\nsj:)irit of the lake summoned to protect it from the pale face, and\\nalready our imagination was taking its flight toward fairy land\\nwhen we were suddenly brought back to reality by the voice of\\nthe red man who was speaking to us in English. Never did our\\nnational idiom appear to me more prosaic than in the mouth of\\nthis descendant of the Attakapas. We hastened to leave him\\nand turned our eyes again towards the lake. Here my mind\\nre\\\\erted t(j another scene and events long past presented them-\\nselves to me. In the year 1862, after the fall of New Orleans,\\nour plantation, being on the Mississippi, fifty-seven miles from\\nthe city, my father thought that it would be more prudent to put\\nhis fuiiily out of the reach of the invading arn-iy and he sent us\\nt(j St. Mary s parish where there was a Confederate army to pro-\\ntect the Attakapas country. After a few moiiths, howexer, the", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "77//; .^r. 7 v.v OF i.orisi.isA.\\nFederals spread over the country and it was thought adxisable\\nthat we should return hoine. My brother, ayed seventeen,\\nenlisted as a Confederate soldier in the Trans-Miss. ssippi depart-\\nment, and my father started with the younoer children on the\\nreturn journey. We embarked in two lari;e skiffs, with two\\nIndians in each one as oarsmen, and we went down the Teche.\\nThe trip was most pleasant to me as we passed tliroui^h num-\\nberless bayous, stopping at ni^ht at the houses of friends, and\\ntakinj4- our meals durini;- the day under the shade of some-\\nlaroe tree. I liaxc no recollection of the route, which ended onlv\\nat the mouth of Bayou Plac];ucmines, in Iberxille Parish, where\\nthere were carriages to take us home, but although only sIn\\nyears old at the time, I shall never forget the anxiety of mv\\nfather, when on entering the (.rand Lac, the booming of a can-\\nnon was heard. It was thought to be a Federal gun-boat and\\nour Indians were ordered to row most diligently. Twentv-eioht\\nyears had passed since I had crossed the Grand Lac as a fu n-\\ntive, but yet on that September morning of 1890 I thou^^ht I\\nheard still the voice of our devoted father encouraging his litde\\nchildren witli his tender words of love.\\nWhile in St. Mary I had occasion to visit a number of planters\\nwho received me very kindly and who did all in their power to\\nhelp me in my work. They introduced me to some Acadians\\nand communicated to nie a few characteristic expressions of the\\nAcadian language. I was, however, anxious to see St. Martins-\\nville, and after promising to return to St. Mary, I took the train\\nand went to the oldest town on the Teche. It was with re;d\\npleasure that I started on my journey I had ne\\\\ ergone to that\\npart of Louisiana before and everything was new to me. I\\npassed on my way Jeanerette and New Iberia in Iberia Parisli.\\nThey are both thriving towns, die latter especially, on accouiu\\nof its proximity to the celebrated salt mines on A\\\\ery s Island.\\nIt has a handsome Catholic church, an elegant pul)lic hi^h\\nschool and some beautiful j)ri\\\\ate residences. The followin\\nextract from Judge Martin s History of Louisiana gives a\\nvery good idea of the geograj)hy of the Teche country:\\nThe Teche has its source in the prairies, in the upjjcr jjart of\\nthe setdements of Opelonsas, and during the season of high\\nwater, flows partially into the Courtableau. As it enters the-\\nsetdements of Attakapas, it receives from the right side bavou\\nFuselier, which bayou Bourbeux connects wath Vermilion river", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "1 6 AL CEE FO R TIE R\\nA little more than twenty miles farther, it passes before the town\\nof St. Martinsville and reaches, fifteen miles after, the spot on\\nwhich the Spaniards, soon after the cession, made a vain attempt\\nto establish a city, to which the name of New Iberia was destined:\\ntwenty miles from the mouth of the Teche, is the town ot\\nFranklin.\\nI may add here that the Teche becomes a noble river shortly\\nbefore mingling- its waters with those of the rapid Atchafalaya.\\nFrom Jeanerette to New Iberia the fields presented the same\\nbeautiful crops of cane, rice and corn which I had seen along the\\nroute from New Orleans, but after passing New Iberia, cotton\\nbegins to be seen, and I noticed in one patch of ground the curi-\\nous fact of our four great staples growing side by side, cane,\\ncotton, rice and corn. Such is the wonderful fertility of our\\nsoil.\\nSt. Martinsville does not lie on the Southern Pacific Railroad\\nand it is only lately that it has been connected with the main\\nline by a branch leading to the Teche. This may account for\\nthe stagnation of business in the town, which before the war was\\nvery prosperous. I had letters of introduction to several dis-\\ntinguished gentlemen, but I saw on arriving in that Creole town\\nthat a Creole needed no credentials to be well-received. I tountl\\nmyself among friends, I may say, among relations, as all the per-\\nsons I met knew my family and I knew theirs. French is essen-\\ntially the language of the inhabitants and it is well spoken by the\\neducated class. The latter speak English also, but the lower\\nclass speak the Acadian French mixed with the Creole patois\\nand a little English. In the interior settlements [au large) little\\nor no English at all is spoken, and at Breaux Bridge, in St. Mar-\\ntin Parish, and in the adjoining parish of Lafayette, French is\\ntaught together with English in the public schools. Although\\nwe desire to see every child in Louisiana speak English we wish\\nevery one to speak French also, and I was very glad to see how\\nthe people of St. Martin are attached to their French. Among\\nthose who have done the most to encourage the study of French\\nin his parish is Mr. Felix Voorhies, a descendant on his\\nmother s side, of an old Acadian family. He has established a\\ndramatic society for which he has written several charming\\ncomedies, and although he writes elegant French he is perfectly\\nfamiliar with the Acadian dialect. I am deeply indebted to him\\nfor the interest he took in my work and the help he kindly gave\\nme.", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "777/f .\u00e2\u0096\u00a0^Cin/.LVS OF LOfHSIAXA.\\n17\\nThere is but one hotel in St. Martinsville: it is a large house\\nwith a wide g;illery and massive brick columns. Everything; is\\nas in ante-belhmi days; no register awaits the names ot the\\nguests, and the owner seems to have implicit confidence in the\\nhonesty of his hoarders. As the criminal court was in session the\\nmembers of the jury were takiny their dinner at the hotel when\\nI arrix ed. There being no place at the table for me I was given\\na comfortable rocking chair and I sat in the dining room during\\nthe dinner of the jurors. As se\\\\-eral of them were Acadians 1\\nlistened very attenti\\\\ el\\\\- to their con\\\\ersation and took notes\\nwhile they were speaking. All of then spoke French, but the\\ninfluence of English on their French was sometimes apparent.\\nOne of them speaking of an impr)rtant criminal case said to the\\nothers: vous serez tons lockes (locked up) ce soir. Another, to\\nexpress his contempt of the argument of a lawyer, said 9a, c a\\nn a pas grand fion ave moue, that does not produce much effect\\non me, and h .s friend replied il auri un boa bout (prijnounced\\nboute) encore avec cette affaire. Although I was very hungry\\nI was sorry to see the jurors leave the table to go to the court\\nhouse to be Jorkcs.\\nAfter dinner I took a walk o\\\\er the town and never ha\\\\e I\\nseen a more quiet and orderly place and one where there arc\\nso few bar-rooms. The life in that old Creole town reminded\\nme of autrefois, as depicted to me many tunes by my aged\\nfriends. There was not much aniniation in business, but order\\nand decency prevailed e\\\\ ery\\\\\\\\here and the people were uni-\\nformly affable and polite. I spent the e\\\\ ening \\\\ery pleasantl)-\\nwith mv host, his wife and his grandmother, conxersing with\\nthe old lady about the past.\\nI awoke very early the next morning, and on opening the\\nwindow of my room I saw a pretty sight: the bayt)U was just\\nbeneath, its waters green with water plants and rushes and in\\nthe distance, a prairie aboxe which was rising resplendent a\\nSeptember sun. A knock was heard at the door, and answering\\nit I found a little negro girl bringing me a cup ot real Creole\\ncoffee.\\nAt a short distance from the hotel is the church, on the green\\nbefore which stands the statue of the last curate, Father Jan\\nwho died an octogenarian, beloved by his parishioners. The\\npresent priest, Father Langlois, is a l)otanist of great merit who", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "1 8. AL CEE FOR TIER\\nhas made important discoveries in the flora of Louisiana. He is\\na corresponding member of I Athenee Louisianais, and I deter-\\nmined to pay him a visit. He received me very kindly and\\nshowed me his admirable botanical collections. I asked his\\npermission to look over the church register, and on turning to\\nthe year 1765 I saw the record of the first child born of Acadian\\nparents in St. Martin, probably the first born in Louisiana. I\\ngive here the exact copy, with the original spelling and punctua-\\ntion as per certified copy kindly made for me by I abbe Lang-\\nlois\\nLan mille Sept cent soixante cinq le onze may je pire\\nI capucin Missioiiaire apostoliqiie cure de hi nelle accadie\\nsoussigne, ay Baptise avec les les ceremonies ordiiiaires\\nde leglise marguerite anne nee la veille de legitime\\nmenii s Mariagc d olivi er thibaudaut et de magdelaine Broussard\\nf. jean ses pere et mere leparrain a est6 Rene trahan, et la Mar-\\nfrain,ois raine Marie tliibaudaiit qui ont d^clar6 ne savoir signer de\\nI ce requis selon I ordonnaiice aux attakapas les jours et\\nan que dessus\\n(signe) f. jean francois c. cure\\nMasse\\nAnoyu\\nOli\\\\ :er Thibaudaut, the father of the litde girl born in 1765,\\nwas a descendant of the celebrated meunier Thibaudaux, seig-\\nneur de Chipody in Acadia in Poutrincourt s time. The family\\nis exceedingly numerous in Louisiana and they have given their\\nname to one of our towns on Bayou Lafourche. One of the\\nThibodaux w^as President of the Senate in 1824 and was acting\\nGovernor for a few weeks, after the resignation of Governor\\nRobertson. The Broussards, the family of Olivier Thibodaut s\\nwife, are also very numerous in the State. Thibodaux, Brous-\\nsard, Landry, Leblanc and Bourgeois are the largest families in\\nLouisiana of Acadian descent.\\nIn the register of St. Martin church I saw also the name of a\\ndistinguished Louisianian, a professor in the Oratorian order in\\nFrance and curate of St. Martin for many years. Etiennk\\nViEL translated in beautiful Latin- \\\\-erse, the twenty-four books\\nof Fenklon s Telemaque. Louisiana may well be proud of a\\nwriter of whom B.vrthelemy, the author of the Nemesis, has\\nsaid\\niel, cpii de Fenelon virgilisa la prose.\\nThere being such vast prairies in the Attakapas the Acadian\\nsettlers compared them with the wide expanse of the Ocean and", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "THE ACADIANS OF LOUISIASA. 19\\napplied to them many nautical terms. They say allcr an large,\\nor mettre a la voile when they start to cross the prairie, and an\\nisland is, in their language, a piece of wooded ground in the\\nprairie. I was shown File des Cypres while in St. Martin. It is\\nin a prairie which is not far from the Grand Bois, an immense\\nforest which begins in the Attakapas country and extends as iar\\nas the Arkansas line. In the Grand Bois, near St. Martinsville,\\nare a number of lakes of which one, lake Catahoulou, is two and\\na-half miles long and three-fourths of a mile wide. It is one\\nhundred and ten feet deep and is said to be beautiful. It is a\\ngreat place for hunting and fishing but is full of alligators and\\ngar fish. I was shown an Acadian who, being in a canoe on a\\nfishing excursion, was followed by a gar fish about twelve feet\\nlong. He seized an opportunity and jumped on the Ijack of the\\nfish which dived with him to the bottom of the lake. On arising\\nfrom the water our hero said to his terrified companions now,\\nhe will not return. This individual was a real type and his\\nconversation was very instructixe in its quaintness.\\nSt. Martinsville was the home of a true hero, Alcibiade De\\nBlanc, ex-justice of our Supreme Court. It was he who started\\nthe White League mo\\\\ement which was to save Louisiana from\\ncarpet-bag and negro rule. Not far from the town in Lafayette\\nParish lived another true and chixalric Louisianian, Alexandre\\nMouton, ex-Governor and United States Senator, who was the\\nson of an Acadian exile. He died lately at a very advanced age,\\nand Louisiana could but bless the English for sending her a race\\nthat could produce such men as the Governor and his son, the\\nvaliant general who fell a victor at Mansfield.\\nThe eminent men that have arisen among the Acadians in\\nLouisiana show what good elements there are in that race, but\\nunfojtunately, they are, as a rule, lacking in ambition. The]p\\nare laborious, but they appear to be satisfied, if by cultivating\\ntheir patch pi-ground with their sons, they manage to^live with\\na little conifort. The mother and daughters attend to the house-\\nhold duties andweaxe that excellent fabric called the colonnade.\\nThe greatest defect of the Acadians is the little interest they\\ntake in education a great many are completely illiterate. As\\nthe public school system progresses, education will spead grad-\\nually among them, and being an intelligent race they will pro-\\nduce many men like Alexandre Mouton. Education will, of\\ncourse, destroy their dialect, so that the work of studying their\\nt-,o, ni;nr rnstoms aud lansruape must not be lony delaved.", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "20 ALCkl FORTIER\\nOn Sunday, September 2ist, I went to church where I saw the\\nwhole population of the town and after bidcHng adieu to my\\nnewly-made friends, I le*t St. Martinsxille where I had met kind\\ngentlemen and fiir ladies, taking with me a good stock ot Aca-\\ndian expressions. A few hours later I was again in St. Mary s\\nParish. I wished this time to live in the prairie where I thought\\nthere would be a better chance of obser\\\\ ing the Acadians. The\\nprairie is now entirely cultivateci around Jeanerette and is dotted\\neverywhere with the cottages of the sniall farmers and with the\\ncomfortable houses of the large planters. For a week I roamed\\nall over the country with some friends who were kind enough\\nto take me to the places of interest and to the persons who\\nmight help me in my work.\\nHaving heard that every Saturday evening there was a ball in\\nthe prairie, I requested one of my friends to take me to see one.\\nWe arrived at eight o clock, but already the ball had begun.\\nIn the yard were vehicles of all sorts, but three-mule carts were\\nmost iiumerous. The ball room was a large hall with galleries\\nall around it. When we entered it was crowded with persons\\ndancing to the music of three fiddles. I was astonished to see\\nthat nothing was asked for entrance, but I was told that any white\\nperson decently dressed could come in. The man giving the\\nentertainment derived his profits from the sale of refreshments.\\nMy friend, a wealthy young planter, born in the neighborhood,\\nintroduced me to many persons and I had a good chance to\\nhear the Acadian dialect, as exerybody there belonged to the\\nAcadian race. I asked a pleasant looking man Votre fille\\nest-elle ici He corrected me by replying: Oui, ma deuwi-\\nse/le est la. Howe\\\\ er, he did not say nics messieurs: for his\\ns^is but spoke of them as vies gar (ons, although he showed me\\nme his dame. We went together to the refreshment room\\nwhere were beer and lemonade, but I obserx ed that the favorite\\ndrink was black coffee, which indeed was excellent. At midnight\\nsupper was served it was chicken gombo with rice, the na-\\ntional Creole dish.\\nMost of the men appeared uncouth and awkward, Ijut the\\nyoung girls were really charming. They were elegant, well-\\ndressed and exceedingly handsome. They had large and soft\\nblack eyes and beautiful black hair. Seeing how well they\\nlooked 1 was astonished and grieved to hear that probably very", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "THE ACAPIANS OF LOriSI. I.VA. 21\\nfew of them could read or write. On listening- to tlie conversa-\\ntion I could easily see that they had no education. I- rench was\\nspoken by all, but occasionally Enolish was heard.\\nAfter supper my friend asked me if I wanted to see pa^r\\naux petiis. I followed him without knowing what he meant and\\nhe took me to a room adjoining the dancing hall, where I saw\\na number of little children thrown on a bed and sleeping. The\\nmothers who accompanied their daughters had left the little ones\\nin parc aux petits before passing to the dancing room, where\\nI saw them the whole evening assembled together in one corner\\nof the hall and watching over their daughters. Le pare aux\\npetits interested me very much, but I found the gambhng\\nroom stranger still. There were about a dozen men at a table\\nplaying cards. One lamp suspended from the ceiling threw a\\ndim light upon the players who appeared at first sight very wild,\\nwith their broad brimmed felt hats on their heads and their long\\nuntrimmed sun burnt faces. There was, however, a kindly\\nexpression on every lace, and exerything was so quiet that I saw\\nthat the men were not professional gamblers. I saw the latter a\\nlittle later, in a barn near by where they had taken refuge.\\nAbout half a dt)zen men, playing on a rough board by the light\\nof two candles. I understood that these were the black sheep\\nof the crowd and we merely cast a glance at them.\\nI was desirous to see the end of the ball, but having been told\\nthat the break-up would only take place at four or five o clock\\nin the morning, we went away at one o clock. I was well-pleased\\nwith my evening and I admired the perfect order that reigned,\\nconsidering that it was a public affair and open to all who wished\\nto come, without any entrance fee. My friend told methatwhen\\nthe dance was over the musicians would rise, and going out in\\nthe yard would fire several pistol shots in the air, crying out at\\nthe same time le bal est Jini.\\nThe names of the children in Acadian families are quite as\\nstrange as the old biblical names among the early puritans, but\\nmuch more harmonious. P or instance, in one iamily the boy\\nwas called Duradon, and his five sisters answered to the names\\nof Elfige, Enyone, Meridie, Ozeina and Fronie. A father who\\nhad a musical ear called his sons, Valmir, Valmore, Valsin, Val-\\ncour and Valerien, while another, with a tincture of the classics,\\ncalled his boy Deus, and his daughter Deussa.", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "22 ALCEf: ()A T//:ff\\nAll tlie Acadians are ^reat riders and they and their little-\\nponies never seem to be fired. They often ha\\\\ e exciting- races,\\nLi\\\\ing; is \\\\ery cheap in the rairie and the small farmers pro-\\nduce on their farms almost everything they use. At the stores\\nthey exchange eggs and hens for city goods.\\nSeveral farmers in the prairie still have sugar houses with the\\nold-fashioned mill, three perpendicular rollers turned by mules\\nor horses. They have some means, but are so much attached\\nto the old ways that they will not change. It will not be long,\\nhowever, before the younger generation replaces the antiquated\\nmill with the wonderful modern inventions. The Acad!ans are\\nan intelligent, peaceful and honest population they are begin-\\nning to improve, indeed many of them, as already stated, ha\\\\e\\nbeen distinguished, but as yet too many are without education.\\nLet all Louisianians take to heart the cause of education and\\nmake a crusade against ignorance in our country parishes!\\nBefore leaving the prairie I took advantage of my proximity\\nto the Cnilf to pay a visit to Cote Blanche. The coast of Louis-\\niana is fiat, but in the Attakapas country five islands or eleva-\\ntions break the monotony. These are rugged and abrupt and\\npresent some beautiful scenes. A few miles from the prairie is\\na forest called Cypremort it is being cleared, and the land is\\nadmirably adapted to sugar cane. The road leading to Cote\\nBlanche passes for three miles through the forest and along Cy-\\npremort Bayou, which is so shallow that large trees grow in it\\nand the water merely trickles around them. On lea\\\\ ing the\\nwood we enter on a trembling prairie over which a road has\\nl)een built, and we soon reach Cote Blanche. It is called an\\nisland, because on one side is the g ulf and on the others is the\\ntrembling- prairie. We ascended a bluff about one hundred feet\\nhigh and beheld an enchanting- scene. In the rear was the wood\\nwhich we had just left, stretching like a curtain around the prai-\\nrie, to the right and to the left were a number of hills, one of\\nwhich ^vas one hundred and fifty-se\\\\en feet high, covered with\\ntall cane waving- its green lances in the air, while in front of us\\nstood the sugar house with large brick chimneys, the white\\nhouse of the owner of the place, the small cottages of the\\nnegroes on both sides of a wide road, and a little farther the\\nblue waters of the (iulf I ap] roached the edge of the bluff, and\\nas I looked at the vva\\\\es dashing against the shore and at the", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "THE A CADI ASS OF LOUISIAXA. 2-,\\nsun slowly setting- in a cloudless sky, I exclaimed Lawrence,\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0destroyer of the Acadian homes, your cruelty has failed. This\\nbeautiful country was awaiting- your victims. We ha\\\\e here no\\nHay of Fundy with its immense tides, no rocks, nt) snow, but\\nwe have a land picturesque and wonderfully fertile, a land where\\nmen are free, our Louisiana is better tiian vonr Acadia 1\\nIIL\\nI am indel)ted in part lor the list of pro\\\\-erbs and curious say-\\ning s I shall offer to the Hon. Felix Voorhiks, of St. Martins-\\nville, who made the following interesting remarks to me about\\nthe Acadian dialect:\\nEach locality has its peculiar patois, thus at the upper limit of\\nour parish, one uses expressions which are never heard at the\\nlower limit. The dialect in Lafourche diflers essentially from\\nthat which is in use in St. Martin, at Avoyelles or on the Vermil-\\nlion Bayou.\\nThe remarks of Mr. Voorhjes are correct as I ha\\\\e myself\\nobserved, and they may apply with equal truth to the patois in\\nFrance, where differences are lound in the speech of the peas-\\nants living- within the same dialect boundaries. Local influences\\nhave always modified the language of uneducated people, even\\nwhen they belonged to the same race; political influences have\\nalso been very powerful, for instance, the more or less complete\\nsubjugation of the concjuered by the conquerors. The dif-\\nference of races, however, is the greatest cause of the difterent\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2dialects.\\nJust as the Latin ga\\\\e rise to the eight Romance tongues, the\\nlangue d oil was divided into diflerent dialects, due in great part\\nto the difference of races in the provinces of the north of France.\\nIn the same way we may account for some of the \\\\ariations in\\nthe Acadian dialect of Louisiana. Canada and Acadia were set-\\ntled mainly by emigrants from Normandy, Poitou, Aunis, Brit-\\ntany and Picardy, with a iaw from Paris. The dialectical\\npeculiarities of the ancestors may still be found, to a certain\\nextent, among the descendants, although they must ha\\\\e been\\nery much weakened by long residence in America. The con-\\nstant intermarriage of people whose fathers v\\\\ ere from difterent\\nprovinces tended certainly to erase the peculiarities of speech,\\nand at the time of the dispersion of the Acadians in 1755, their", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "24\\nALCEE EORTIER\\nlanguage must have been nearly uniform. I should, therefore,\\narrive at the conclusion that the differences in the Acadian dia-\\nlect in Louisiana are due more to local influences than to the\\nprovincial peculiarities of speech of the Norman or West France\\nancestors. The English language has naturally exerted a great\\ninfluence on the Louisiana Acadian patois, and so have the\\nSpanish and Creole patois, producing thus a very interesting\\nspeech mixture. The dialect by contact with foreign languages\\nhas lost somewhat of its simplicity, observes Mr. Voorhies, but\\nit has gained in originality. The following expressions, of\\nwhich some are very quaint and picturesque, bear out the truth\\nof the above assertion. As I intend to continue my studies of\\nthe Acadian dialect in the different localities, so as to be able, by\\na study of the peculiarities, to arrive at a better understanding\\nof the whole sul^ject, I shall indicate from what parish the differ-\\nent specimens are taken.\\nI. Eroin the Parish of St. Martin.\\nRoupiller, sommt-iller, from roiipille, Spanish rupilla, diminutive of\\nropa. In connection with this word it is proper to state\\nthat the Acadians sometimes use expressions u hicli are in\\nreality good French, but not in common use.\\nSe galancer, corruption of se balancer.\\nPlanter, ronfler par saccades. Probably a corruption of pioneer in\\nthe argot.\\nUn houiDie veiile, un homme faible. Venle like roiipiller is found in\\nLiTTRE but is seldom used.\\nUn cheuiin vieehant, un chemin boueu.x. A curious use of m^chaut,\\nbut which any one can understand who has seen the hard,\\nsticky mud in the prairies.\\nDans les Eordoches, dans la misere, dans Tembarras. Les Fordo-\\nches, a remote settlement.\\nRifler la mort, to be in danger of death. Rijter, to pass very near\\nsomething.\\nViretappe, a slap with the back of the hand.\\nBleniezir, corruption of blemir.\\nTripe epurt e, a very lean person. Vulgar but expressive.\\nJe te garde un p tit de ma eliienne, tu me payeras cela, you will\\nanswer for that.\\nl n ptein de soiipe, a greedy man.\\nUn carencro, a great meat eater.\\nPoser la chique et faire te viort, demeurer coi. A man must be\\nquite disconcerted to stop chewing and lay down his to-\\nbacco without saying a word.\\nCharrer, to converse. ery much used. See Mireio, vi\\nEt tout en fasent la charrado.\\nEendre son garganna, to beat some one. Garganna from .Spanish\\ngarganta.\\nUn hengale, anian to be feared. From tigre dii Bengale.", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "THE A CA I A S OF L O ISIAXA 25\\nThe Acadians use the following- c.\\\\i)res.si()ns horrowed ironi\\nthe Creole patois\\nAfoii rardei)iaiigrt\\\\ the stomach.\\nJ foil tcHdi\\\\ tlie ear.\\niMoii senti, the nose.\\n^fou oi r/iu r, the eye.\\nJ- airc chiqucr potcaii, to pre\\\\ eiU a youti.t;- man from dancin.ii witli a\\nyouni^- girl,\\na pas passi tan tut, there must be no delay, let the nuilter he setllec]\\nimmediate!}\\nn caiidi, a man without energy, as soft as candy.\\nI /i giii iu\\\\ a young cock from th(- I aig. ffaiiic.\\n(\u00e2\u0080\u00a2arioii, a stalHon. (See Eng, ,ind Scoth gai ra/i ;uul gaii a?/ a gelding,\\na work horse.)\\nJ adjculci\\\\ to s|)eak loud, from gnriite, ])ruiioun(ed djt iitf.\\nMan oc/wr, to live in concubinage.\\nCheval dcs clicvu)! a horse which ambles.\\nVirer de Pirit, to die. The word virer, to turn, is \\\\ery common.\\nIt is used in many compounds I irc-inoiic/ics, the tail, I irc-\\nr/utns, the horns of a cow.\\nn bean /tV^f^r, a fine fellow (ironicalh). I clioc iJi obably trom coq.\\nJoiir pour clair, ZIierbt\\\\ to flee. Used as an order.\\nlt)ie roinaiiic, a fine dress.\\nFlanqucr nn veux-tu couri, to give a good beatin;, to make him run.\\nJ)an.s tes poitx de bois, same as dans les Fordoclies, to be in distress.\\nTailler dans te ghigas, to lie.\\nCaliper la pean cliafoni, to e.xaggerate. Cliatoui, the raccoon.\\nHcs racatc/ias, long spurs. (Fr. raca, Provencal rarra, a worthless\\nhorse. DiEZ, I ltymologisches Wiirterbuch.\\nJ^ecJiircr la convcrte 01 deu.x\\\\ to fall out with some one, corresponding\\nto roinpre la paille.\\nt n i^ros das, a rich man.\\nFaire la djcule douce, to play the iiypocrite.\\nI n grajid tingnelingne, a tall, awkward fellow.\\nf hie eatin, a doll as in the Creole patois.\\nMet f re an pare or parqiier des aniniaiix, to take them trom the\\nprairie and place them within enclosures. Met t re an corail^\\nis also frequent, from Si)anish eorral.\\nFne ehatine, a woman with light hair (cheveu.x chatain).\\nf hie genuine, a first cousin.\\nJ\\\\jnner les uiontons, corruption oi tondre.\\nCrier pour la pirogue, to call for help. Often used while i)la\\\\ing\\ncards, h rom the language of hunters.\\nend re son biseuif, (iraisser sa ealoquinte, to beat.\\nClaion, a gate, jjrobablv frcm h rench claie, old frt-nch eloie,\\nProvencal eleda. Middle I. at. clida and elia, diminutixe\\nclelella. (M Celtic origin. (Dik/., laymologisches\\nWcirterbuch.\\nIlncher, to call in a loud voice, from hucar, Proveuc,aI near and\\nncliar, Picard liuqner. piem. uche. From hueber come.s\\nhuehct, hunter s horn. Norman houter, English hoot.\\n(DiHZ, P^tvmologisches Worterbuch.\\nMonte sur le claion et liuche-les^ is often heard.\\nUne galline, a game cock, from .Spanish gallina.\\nline bocotte, a small woman, fat and not elegant.\\nPitre sans riserve, to be ready for the fight.\\nJ. e passer au carUt, to beat him.", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "26 AL CEE FOR TIER\\nWith regard to the fondness of the Acadians for nautical terms\\nreferred to above, the following lines sent me by Mr. Voorhies\\non the subject are very interesting\\nlis vous diront En gag7iant Ic large, vous aurez a votre\\ngauche une lie que vous cotoierez. Vous verrez un grand bois\\ndans le lointain quand vous aurez navigne une bonne partie de\\nla journee, vous arriverez a ce bois dans Vanse x, y, ou z. II y\\na la une maison vous n aurez qu a heler, et un tel viendra vous\\nrecevoir. Si vous pouvez continuer, il vous pilotera dans ce\\nl)ois, autrement vous n aurez qu a virer de bord et re\\\\ enir ici.\\nII. From the Parish of St. iVary.\\nL anse is the prairie advancinsj: in the wood like a small bay.\\na plonge, he gave way (he dived throus^h fear.\\nHater, topull. Kluch more common than tirer.\\nChapoter, to whittle a piece of wood corruption of Eng. chip.\\nJabtoroc, a lantern.\\nClaion, not only in meaning of gate, as in St. Martin, but synonymou.s\\nwith pare explained above.\\nMiater, to weeji, from niiauter. L eu/aiit tniate.\\nMan cacheiiibau, my pipe. f om Proven(;al Cachimliau. {.See\\nMireio, xii.)\\nAvoir le respire court et le discours egare, to be dying.\\nFortover, to swim.\\nCoiiiporteuieitt d lin ehevaf, the gait of a horse.\\nFaire ehauditre eusemble, to marry.\\nPatcharac ici, patcharac Ih to strike right and left, probably from\\npatatras.\\nTchicadeuce, meche de fouet.\\nSe piinper, to dress oneself well, from adj., pintpant.\\nAh! la giiitiche, Ah! the disagreeable woman, from griiicheiix\\nDu fard, for la farce.\\nPes agr^s, the harness. Another nautical term.\\nfin fouyon, a finger sore, probably from fouitter, the sore being deep\\nenough to be dug into.\\nGreminer la terre, to pulverise the ground.\\nTerliboucher, to laugh.\\nI.es tcllzes, lightning.\\nCailler, to back out in a figiit, to shrink, as tiie milk on becoming\\nclabber.\\nline lionise, a lioness, from the English.\\nGaroche, to whip, probably another nautical word, from garochoir,\\ncordage.\\nLa routine, the road. The expression, Prends ta routine a ~eolontc, is\\nto dismiss some one.\\nl^ne balleuse, a dancer, from bat, but reminds us of old I rench baler.\\nFaire sa crevison, to die.\\nPesselle-toi que je temonte, Enlive ta soutadtre que je le iiionte, i)re-\\npare for a fight.\\nCela fait zir It makes one shiver, il is astonishing. A common\\nexclamation.\\nBoth words may perhaps be curious\\n(\u00e2\u0096\u00a0ne berce, a rocking chair. J examples of the shortening of words so\\nUn morce, a piece. j common in a patrjis. Or are they from\\n[o. Fr. bars and Lat. niors-usf\\nEmbancher. to sit together on a bench.\\na quine, it is progressing from quine in a game.", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "THE ACADIANS OF LOUISIANA.\\n27\\nyiacornc, marriage. An Acadian called Charles, .!i:oins; to llie\\nmarriasie of the daughter of another Charles, said vas a\\nla maconie a la fillc a tocaille.\\nC liK, in common use for toinbe. The following expression was heard\\nat the house of an Acadian Qii a qu alle a qu\\\\i trie f A lie\\na q 11 a lie a chu.\\nI ll braille, a cradle. A good word, as the cradle used to hang from\\nthe ceiling of the room.\\nConlre-cei ilure, a ditch.\\nDes i! rales, corn shucks; a corruption from cigar.s, as the shucks\\nhave somewhat the shape of a cigar.\\nlUxrritre enpeline, a fence with palings.\\nPhonetics.*\\na pronounced generally A and a as in French, but the tendency is to\\nlay much stress upon tlie A and to make it a. The a is often\\nchanged into o, as in the Creole ^aio is, popa, inonian.\\ne the 3 is generally lost the often becomes a chare for chere,\\nalle for ^//(f Noal for A^c^V e remains a becomes lu mesure,\\nbecomes miusure.\\nremains, or has the sound of iL mfiole, lion, pioit.\\no the O hardly exists, chose and c6te, being both pronounced chose\\nand C3te.\\nu pronounced a nne becomes ane.\\nV has the sound of L mpays, mais.\\nai has the long sound in vrai (vre).\\noi has kept in many words the Norman WE in ^noi, Illijiois, toi, etc.\\nl)ronounced also e: froid becomes yV^i/,- re/roidir becomes\\nfredir.\\nbecomes sometimes UAN nioi often pronounced mUAN.\\nan pronounced a, pavre.\\neu becomes m Engine, Europe become lugene mrope.\\noil becomes sometimes o: oh est-ce/ pronounced o est-ce?\\nun the n of the nasal is heard and the un often becomes t N.\\nI pronounced very often tch cure (tchur^).\\nd becomes dj Dieu (Djeu). At end of word sounds like /as in quand\\nfollowed by a consonant quand (quante le terez-vous\\nJ always pronounced at end of word iier/s, oeufs, etc.\\nh The h aspirate hardly exists: des zharicots, des zheros, etc.\\nj sometimes z, Zoze ior Joseph.\\nI often dropped i va for ilva the L always pronounced like y.\\nn sometimes n: maniere.\\nq always pronounced in cinq.\\nr very often dropped pou for pour, jou ior jour, etc.; by a curious\\ntransformation recette becomes arcette,/ r^w^2 becomes pernez.\\n.V pronounced at end of word alors becomes alorse changed into\\nr taut pis becomes tant pire.\\n/\u00e2\u0080\u0094often not pronounced piasse {ox piastre.\\nX pronounced like at end of word eusse, cense, deusse, sisse, disse\\nfor eux, ceux, deux, six, dix.\\nis sometimes replaced by j J^non for Zenon.\\nWith regard to the parts of speech there is Httle to observe in\\nthe Acadian dialect there is, of course, a great deal of contrac-\\nThe Phonetic signs are from Passy s Les Sons du Fransais.", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "28 ^4L CEE FO R TIE R\\ntion, of abbreviation, as in the language of all uneducated people:\\nfva, ffrois, etc fcmmc, etc. The liaison with the x and is\\ngenerally incorrect the being pronounced like and the ,s\\\\\\nthough more rarely, like loi Q;rox-t-homiiie. On account ot\\nthe liaison which is nuich more frequent in the dialect than in\\nthe F ench, the hiatus is almost unknown in the former.\\nThe peculiar part of the syntax of the Acadian is the use of\\nthe pronoun of the first perscm singular with a plural verb\\nJ liion, J\\\\xvions and often that same form of the verb used with\\nthe pronouns of the third person: ciions, i/s ctions. Instead\\noi J avons the contracted formy Vw.s is frequent. The neuter\\n\\\\erbs such as aller, parli7% sortir, i^lc, ^.re usually conjugated\\nwith a^ oir. The reflexive erbs have generally dropped the\\nauxiliary cire.\\nThe formation of nouns from verbs is common as in PVench.\\nMr. VooRHiES calls my attention to two interesting words Unc\\npcse from peser, unc trompe {unc err cur) from sc iromper. I\\nreler briefly here to the peculiarities of the dialect, as in the longer\\nspecimens given below the points of interest will be fully ex-\\nplained.\\nThe two following letters are interesting not only as specimens\\nof the dialect, but also with regard to folklore, as the customs\\nand manners ol the Acadians are described. I am indebted\\nprincipally for the subject matter to Mr. Zenon de Moruelle,\\nformerly of Pointe Coupee Parish, whose valuable suggestions\\nwith regard to writing the dialect I also desire to acknow ledge.\\nrKKMlKKP; I.KTTRK.\\nBayou Choupique, Ic Xovonbre iSgo.\\nMoN CHER MussiKC Philologue,\\nD abord 1 public s a interesse a connaite iiutre liistoire, mouan j v a\\ndire tout (;a j connais et pi^ les autres vont conter i,a ils savions. 3 Pou\\n(;a je connais, j ai toujours attendu4 dire que les premiers Cadiens\\nqu a venu icite Ciions arrives du Nord par le Missippi. lis venions des\\niilinoues et s etioiis eparjiill^s t nit le lonsi; du tleuve et ceuzes qu a\\nquitt(? la j^raiid ioande aviuns arrets cute nous autres. lis elions tous\\ndes ciiasseurs et des coureurs des bois. La beauts des chauvagesses\\nles aviuns tenths; (;a fait y en a plein dans eux autres t]ui s avions\\nmari^ avec ces filles des bois. Mouan j en connais plein des families\\nicite qu a du sang chauvage et nieme qu ils etions bien tiers de\\nI Moi. 2 Puis.\\nThe first person plural of tlic verb used witli pronouns of first person sing, and third\\npcrs. pi.\\n4 J .nttniiu. 5 CenA\\\\", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "THE A CA DIA NS OF L O UlSIA NA 29\\ndfscendre des premiers haliitants 16 s disions les seals vrais Anieri-\\ncaiiis. l^Dur lors done einie fois etal)lis icite tons ces ;4aillards-la\\ns avions mis a travailler dur et pi i s etions bati des caijanes el avioiis\\nd(?rrechi 7 et nettey^ d ia terre et cliacuii dans enx antres a eu eune\\ndeserts pou cnltiver dn mais, dn tatac, de I indiij^o, et bouconp plus\\ntard du coton et pi ensuite a venu la canne et ensnite le riz.\\nNos grands-popas avions en boiicoup des pitits. a me fait jongler\\ndans mon jeune temps, quand ma pauvre d^finte monian me foisait\\ncarder du coton pou faire la cotonnade les fils 6tions tindus 9 bleus ou\\nrt)Uges. Alors on avail des bien jolies tchuloltes et des vereuses 1\u00c2\u00b0 pou\\naller vons promener I dimanclie. On avail ele d aui^aravant a la\\nmesse pou apprendre le cat^cliime avec le tchure et pi quand on elait\\npare on faisaitsa premiere communion. Oh! niais c ^taiteune beau\\njour, on sentait qu on ^tait l^gere comme une plume. A rien m aurait\\npas tent6 pou faire eune p^che, a rien aurait pu me faire virer^^ de\\nbord el jirendre eune mauvais chemin comme les mauvais garniments.\\nAussitot on ^tait assez grand pou travailler la terre, on soignait les\\nbetes. Notre popa nous donnait loujours eune lite laure ^3 pour\\ncommencer et an bout de cpieque temjis alle m avail un veau, ga fail\\nque chacuu dans nous aulres avail un p lil commencment pou nous\\nmarier.\\nNous autres dans la campagne on se mariait jeune. On courtisait\\nles filles et eune fois un gar^xin avail choisi sa pr^tendue, la noce\\nlardail pas boucoup. Oh mais du Djiab si on s amusait pas bien\\nmieux qu a c t heure. A eune noce ou eune bal on dansait des\\nrigodons, et c ^tail si tenlant que les violoniers memes quitlaienl leur\\nviolon et se meltaient a corcobier comme les autres. Ah tu peux\\nguetteris va, c ^tait pas comme a c l heure, non. Parlez-moi des\\nautres fois, oui. A present a n importe qui temps i dansions nous\\naulres on dansait jisque quand la saison commenyait a fr^dir, mais\\npar exemple, quand le Mardi 16 Gras tombait un samedi, i avait pas\\nde Catherine, 17 il fallait un bal. Dans les grand chaleurs on avait\\npas le temps, on travaillail Irop boucoup dur a la ch-arrue i fallait\\nraboLU er la terre, renchausser et dechausser I mais el I coton, et pi a\\nla fin de I ete faire des mulons de foin et de paille. J vous garanlis\\non etait souvenl mal en i: osilion avec le soleil qui vous grillail la\\ncaloquinte, 18 les chouboulures, les maringouins, les betes rouges el\\nles poux de bois. On avail pas meme le temps de charreri9 un peu\\ncomme disait nainaine^o Soco.\\nSilot le soleil 6lait couch^ fallait jongler a boire eune bonne tasse\\nde lait el manger un peu de couche^icouche el pi aller s fourrer en\\nbas le here 22 pou dormir un peu el se lever a la barre du jour. Cr6\\nmille miseres i avait des moments on fumait^s un vilain colon surtout\\n(juand noire defint popa vivait. II ^tait loujours le premier deboute\\ni fallait filer raide. Mais povre defint, le Bon Djeu I a pris, et mouan\\nmeme je suis apres procher24 cot^ le cur6 pou garder ses poules.\\nHon Djeu merci, au jour d aujourd hui tons mes pitits sont grands.\\n|e leurs y ai donne tout (;a j avais, et comme i me reste plus arien, ?a\\nc est jusle que 9a j ai fail pour eux autres ils le faisions pou mouan.\\n6 lis. 7 Difriche.\\n8 Champ: a curious expression. The word rf/icW must have designated the prairies.\\n9 Teints. lo Vareiises. ii Pr t.\\n12 Virer de bord, one of the nautical expressions so common among the Acadians.\\n13 G nisse. 14 Elle.\\n15 Tti peux giietter va You may say what you please.\\n16 Quand h Mardi Gras tombait un samedi In carnival time.\\n17 avait pas de Catkeritze It had to he done. i8 I^a t te.\\nig Charrer, to converse. 20 Ularraine. 21 A dish made with corn meal.\\n22 La moustiquaire.\\n23 On/iimait un vilain coton, for onfilait We were in an embarrassing situation.\\n24 Procher cote le cure pou garder ses poules I shall soon die I shall be in the cemetery\\nto take care of the curate s chickens.", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "30\\nAL CUE FOR TIER\\nJ ai pas fait avec eiix le partage a Moiit.tjomniery. C est dansre lenii i.\\na d Arta lunette 25 que ce fanieiix lapin l.ivivait. C etait iiii ti,aillai(l\\nqu etait plus coquin ()ue bete cjuaml il allait a la chasse avec ses.\\ncamaradrs coniuie il ^tait fort coninifc eune cheval il comineii(;ait\\ntouj(jurs par jjrcjj^ner faire sembiaiU t etre en colore. I leur laisait\\neune bonne cache et cjuand il fallait partager le j^ibier il prenait tout\\net laissait la restant pou les autres. (^\\\\a tait depi ce temps-la nous-\\naulres ons dit toujours le partage a IMontgommery.\\nMa plume connait galoper queqiiefois clans I pass^, alle prend\\nl estampic,26 niais je connais F arreter quand meme je dois li mettrt-\\neime brid n. Commeje me seiitions lasse j\\\\a tinir icite ma premiere\\nlettre, et je vous promets, Mussieu, de vf us ecrire encore aiivant le\\njc.ur de Ncjal, On doit faire eune grand r^veillon si vous voulez venir.\\nOn va se revoir plus tard.\\nJe vous salue de loin.\\nBaTJS jROSliOHrF.\\nI)KII.X[EMK LkTTKK.\\nBayou Choiipiqui\\\\ le 12 Noi euihrc, /Sgo.\\n-Ml SSIKf l*Hll. )L )C;i K,\\nons me disez comme (;a dans vot r^ponse que nia lettre vous\\navions fait bien du plaisir et pou je continue a vous conter les affaires\\ndes premiers Cadiens qu ^tions venus icite. C est jus au fur et a\\nmusure j ^cris (]ue (;a m revient. Four lors done je vas tout vous\\ndire to it ;a je coimais. P ti brin^z par p ti brin (;a va finir par faire\\neune gros tas. Bien sur y en a deschoses qui allions vous interboli.ser,^^\\n))arce que c est pas un p ti morceau j avions i ou conter.\\nLes Acadiens avions ete ciiass^s v^ar les Anglais. C est des fam-\\neux coquins qu etions pou ainsi dire des pirates, ils avions profit^ de\\nleu butin apres que ces malheureux avions parti de leu pays, et les\\ncoquins sa\\\\ ions emiiare de leu maisons pou eusse rester et pi ils\\navions eu d-s tl^serts^^ tout bien cultives. Les Acadiens leurs y\\navions toujuars garde un jj tit chien 3\u00c2\u00bb de lenr chienne et a chaque\\nfois qu ils entendios dire (rod-dain, c est comme si on leur jetait de\\nla cendre chaude dans le dos.\\nNos a e ix aimions la chasse. Le grand-popa de mon popa etions\\ngrand chasseur. i5on matin il etions tlebout et apres s avoir rinc^S\\nla dalle, il fallait qu^que chose pou bousiller?^ I estomac. II partait,\\nmais bien sfir, aussi bien que le Bon Djeu a fait les ponimes, il\\nreveiiait charge degibier: des canards, des chevreuils et des ours.\\nAlors il 6vitait 33 des amis pou diner avec lui c etait des vrais rame-\\n(|uins,34 des vraies bamboches. F-a on d^cidions donner un bal pou\\namuser la junesse. Vn tit gar(;on a cheval allions porte en porte\\ne\\\\ iter tout le monde. On etait pas tier, on ^tait tout tjgal nousautres.\\nI abord on etait honn^te, on demandait jjas la restant. Le monde\\nvenions a pied, d autres a cheval, boucoup en charrettes. On avail\\npas caliche ou barouche; on attelait Ti (jris et Ti Noir el ca vous\\ntrollions sur le chemin (-omme les grands cheval cpii venions du Ken-\\ntucky. la la chanchon on chantait dans c temps la, 6coutez-bien\\n2-, Very long ago: D Anagiietic and Viiuennes were biirneil liy the Indians.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0ifi Le ini rs tiii.v dents stampede.\\n27 A curious rendering of petit i petit I oiseau fait son nid. 28 Siirprendre.\\n29 A pretty expression: des deserts bien riiltiv s.\\n50 Carder un p tit chien de leur chienne avoir line dent contre quelqii im,\\nApr s avoir hu. -yiRemfilir. i, linutuit. -1,^ Grands diners.", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "THE ACADIANS OF LOriSIL\\\\\\\\].\\n3^\\nPRKMIKK COUPLET. 35\\n3)epi que j oils fait connaissaiUL-\\nD un certain teiKlrun,\\nJ cms courons a I accointance,\\nJ ons perds la laisoii.\\nJe ne coiinais dans la nature\\nRien de plus flatteur\\n(Jue Tainiable creature\\nQui me tchient au tclioeur. his^\\nSE-COND COlPl.Kt.\\nL autre jour en cachette,\\nA lie me tit present d un becot.?^\\nAh ma Iwuclie en devint muetle\\nEt j eu restai tout sot.\\nCe becot la au fond de nion anie\\nImprima le boubeur\\nredoubla la flamme\\nQui me tchient au tclioeur, bis-\\nTKOISIEME COllM.KT,\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a011 n y a rien de remarquable\\nPartout un soleiL\\nDans le mcMide habitable\\nOn trouve tout pareil.\\nMais alle a ma douce anue\\nUn pitit air flatteur\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Une tidgire de fantaisie\\n(Jui me tchient au tchoeur. bis^\\n(;)L KTK.IHMK COITI-KT.\\nI-a I)eaute la pkis tentante\\nPent me faire les yeux dou.\\\\.\\nAh Je lui dirions; vous etes charniante\\nMais il n y a rien pou vous.\\nCe n est |)as que sa tidgire jeune et belle\\nNe soit pleine de fraicheur,\\nMais ce if est pas vous cju etes la demoiselle\\nQui me tchient au tchoeur. bis.\\nOn ne s embetait pas a faire dc la poliliciue conime xous autre--\\nuvec vos elections a tons les six mois. Nous, les autres fois, le (louv-\\n-erneur nommait un commandant 37 dans notre part)isse. II etait\\nxapitaine des armies du roi, et grand jige, et conime on a\\\\ait pas de\\n])r(H es, il avait pas grand cho.se a faire; jus funier sa pipe, et pi se\\npromeiier le matin et se reposer I apres midi. Ouecjuefois le com-\\nniantlanl reglait une succession et 11 gardait uiie bonne part pou lui\\naussite il disait il etait h^ritier noninie par le iouvernement.\\nOuand y avait un mariage tons nous autres on accoiiipagnait lej\\nniaries a TECglise et apresla (^ar^monieon revenait en chantant, et a la\\naioce on tirait des coups de fisil. C etait eine habitude, ya preiive\\n(jue nos ai eu.x aimions la poudre et qu ils nVn axioii. pas peur. Leii-\\n(iemaiii de la noce chacun reprenait son ouvrage pou travailler dans\\nle desert. Mouan, comme j^^tais piti. je montions a califourchon sur\\nle che\\\\a! de charrue et mon grand frere tchonibonsait les guides;\\n,a allait pu \\\\ite comme ya.\\n35 The song is naive and graceful, alth()Ua;h the metre is nut always correct\\n36 Un baiser. 37 During the Spanish dorainatioii. 38 A verb furined from tenir bon.", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "32\\nAL CEE FOR TIER\\nQuand y avait un enterrement nous autres on portait le mort en\\nterre sur un boyard a bras. Tout le monde accompagnait le pauvre\\ndefint et conime c etait fatigant, les porteurs elions changes de temps\\nen temps, a allait tout doucement, mais quand la (;aremonie etions\\nfinie on revenait raide reprendre I ouvrage, parce qu on fouinait pas\\ndans ce temps-la. Oh non, on bouquait 39 pas su I ouvrage.\\nAussite si on Etions pas tons riches du moinson avait. dequoi cjuand\\nla guerre a venue. Dans les families le plus vieux garyon etait Icila\\nqu allait a Tecole et par ensuite quand il 6tait assez savant il montrait\\na tons les autres de la faniille. Le second ^tait charpentier, le troi-\\nsinie forgeron et le quatrieme cordonnier. Les filles faisiont la coton-\\nnade et coudaient 4^ c etait toutes des bonnes couturieuses,4i par\\nainsi tout se t aisait su I habitation.\\nOn avait pas ni Raide 42 Rode ni Estimbotte43 mais quand c etait\\npou voyager on ^tait pas embarrasse. On allait aux Attakapas el\\naux Opelousas a cheval et les femmes venions tout de menie comnie\\nles homnes. On campait dans le bois le soir, on allumait ein bon\\nfeu pou chasser les maringouins et les tigres, on faisait du cafe et on\\ncharrait jusqu a m^nuit. Les hommes faisions la garde et an p tit\\njour on se reniettait en route. Mais quand on arrivait chez des amis\\nou bien des parents dans la plairie, alors c etions des rontentements,\\ndes plaisirs, des diners jusqu a on etait tann^.44 On ^tait trop con-\\ntents nous en tourner cot^ nous autres parce que on 6tait lasse\\ns amuser, i fallait penser a travailler. Mais tons les ans on faisions\\nces voyages, parce qu on apprenait boucoup des qu^ques choses.\\nL homme qu est bien instruit c est cila qu a boucoup roul6 sa bosse\\ndans le monde.\\nFaut je vous conte un charibari45 qu on a donn^ a un vieux qui s avait\\nmari6 iMte cot^ nous autres. A ce charibari le monde Etions venu de\\ntons c6t6, mais on afaittant du train 46 et du tapage, c etait un tunnilte\\nqu avait bouleverse tout le voisinage. Alors le commandant avions\\ndonn^ I ordre de finir tout ya, aussite ^a I a arrete net. Mais les\\nchicanes et les chamailles avions continue dans le jour; ga fait y en a\\neu plusieurs batailles et duels et plusieurs jeunes hommes s avions\\nmassacr^ a coups de fisils y en a deux qu avions ^t6 tu^s. Mouan je\\nm a trouve compromis comme t^moin. J ai-t-\u00c2\u00bb^te oblige? de d(?camper.\\nJe m ai embarqu6 dans eune pirogue et j avions derive jusqu a la\\nville cot^ mon parrain. Quand j etions las flaner et naviguer47 a la\\nNouvelle-Orl^ans j ai parti a pied pou tourner chez mouan coute qui\\ncofite. J avions trouv6 du monde je connaissions tout partout, 9a fait\\nj etions pas oblig^ tchemander48 a manger ni pou coucher. (j a c est\\nle plus joli voyage j avions jamais fait. J ai pris deux ans pou m en\\nrevinir. 11 faut je vous dis, je suis violonier de mon 6tat, pas un bal\\ns a jamais donne sans c est mouan (|ui joue. J avions arriv^ un samedi\\na St. Jacques, y avait un bal, mais le musicien s a trouve malade. J ai\\noffri 49 mes services, ah! comme tout le monde Etions content.\\nLendemain j etions ^vit^ dans tons les maisons. J avions rehujue la\\nveille au soir une belle Acadieime Maginton m avait tap^ dans I oeil.\\nAlors, je I y ai dit tout suite la belle, vous me plait, si vous disez\\noui on va se marier. Alle m a r^pondu Tape, (;a me va. Je m ai\\nmarid avec alle et on 5 a reste cote son pere jusqu a plus de deux ans.\\nPar apr^s j avions appris la mort a ma pauvre moman. J ai revenu\\nau Ravou Choupi(|ue pour regier la succession. Ma foi, cjuand j ai eu\\nma part j ai dit comme (;a, tant ]iire pou les amis j ai quitte derriere,\\nmouan, je vas rester icite dans mon pays. Vous voyez, Mussieu\\ny) On lie reculait pas. ^o Consilient. j^i Coiituri res. 42 Railroad.\\n43 Steamboat 44 Fatigue. 45 Chariviiri. 46 Pu hruit. 47 Sr prontener.\\n49 This incident is true, as well as the marriage that followed. 48 Demander\\n50 On for )tous, oxje, is very common.", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "rilF. ACAni.WS Ol- LOUISIANA.\\n33\\nI liiloioiiUf, t)u l ()iiil)iil 51 est eiiterre on vent toujours rester y a\\n(lut ciuf cliose coiniuf nii dirail qui oiis amarre 52 1,^.\\nOn clit le Cadien connait pas a rien parce qu il a |)as d indiuation,\\nniais il faut li donner eine chose, il aime son pays, sa faniille et ses\\namis, et si y en a qui rousjissent quand on les appelle Acadiens,\\nniouan je vas vous dire, Mussieu Philoloi^ue, j en suis bien fier. Pen-\\nsez-vous pas (jue j a\\\\H)ns raison\\nJe us salue de loin,\\nI^ATIS fjROSHOKl K.\\nI ho[)e that this brief sketch oi tlie Acadians of Louisiana and\\nof their dialect will be an introduction to a more complete study\\nof the subject hereafter.\\nAlckk Fortier.\\nI ui.ANli Univeksity of I.OnSIANA.\\nSI Oil l^oti est ne. 52 Another nautical term for attache.", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3415", "width": "2020", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3488", "width": "2129", "jp2-path": "acadiansoflouisi00fort_0042.jp2"}}